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Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening.
A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Pearson's chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariate analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariate analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24–60 years with an average of 38.3 ± 9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) male and 53(47.7%) female. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At Univariate level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariate level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04).
Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback mechanisms, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.
The health information system (HIS) makes up one of the pillars of the health system (HS) whose responsibility is the generation of data to facilitate the functioning of the other HS components: service delivery, health workforce, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership (1). A good HIS ensures the availability of good quality data and its use to support the informed decision making process (2–4). This highlights the importance of both the production of quality data and the use of the data for decision making at every level of the health pyramid. However, RHIS of low-income countries has difficulties functioning at the globally expected standard, with respect to good data management and interpretation skills (5). These systems are characterised by either the production and use of poor-quality data or the non-use of good quality data by decision makers, which negatively influences the health service delivery and uptake (3, 5). Nevertheless, routine health information (RHI) availability permits a regular evaluation of the public health interventions both at the sub-national and national levels as well as an evaluation of HS strengthening interventions (6–7) even though this has not been a regularly practice in so many settings.
Since data generation is done at the level of the health facility, emphasis should be placed on the staff at this level through implicating them in the elaboration of RHI tools, planning, implementation and evaluation of RHIS interventions. In Benin, exhaustiveness of reporting increased from 16–89%, and the proportion of reports with sufficient data quality increased from 18.8–4.8% after implicating staff in the conception and elaboration of data collection tools (8). However, RHIS staff englobes a wider range of personnel, including clinical, administrative, support staff as well as other users from different sectors whose roles cannot be overlooked (9).
State-related factors that would affect the functioning of a RHIS include governance, planning, availability of material, financial and human resources, supportive supervision, information dissemination, and promotion of culture of information use (10). The development of indicators; elaboration of tools for data collection; and preparing procedural guides, mastery of hardware and software equipment for data processing and analysis constitute the technical factors (10). Behavioural determinants like HIS users' demand, self-confidence, self-motivation, and competence to perform HIS tasks, have also greatly influenced on the HIS performance and which require appropriate consideration and management accordingly (10–12). Most or if not, all of these factors were also cited in People's Region in Ethiopia, where roughly half of the HF accurately reported antenatal visits, post-natal visits, fully immunised children, total malaria cases, confirmed malaria cases, and sever acute malnutrition cases data (13).
Several African countries have sort to harmonise and facilitate the HI collection through the putting into place of an open source software platform. The most commonly solicited is the District Health Information System (DHIS) version 2, which has been shown to improve on the completeness of reporting (14).
Following the standardisation of data collection by the Cameroon Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) through the putting into place of DHIS 2 (15), there is a tendency of improved HI management. This is due to the fact that both public and private HFs have the obligation to report through DHIS 2, thus improving on completeness and timeliness of reporting. Though not yet evaluated, this tool facilitates not just complete and timely reporting, but also facilitates feedback. Nevertheless, lack of management support, lack of skills by users, lack of computers, poor internet and electricity coverage have been identified as potential challenges related with the efficient use of DHIS 2 (14).
Cameroon Health Sector Strategy (HSS) for the health information system (HIS) states: "By 2027, ensure the development of health research and the availability of quality health information system for evidence-based decision-making at all levels of the health pyramid" (15). HSS aims at attaining 90% of health facilities having a well organised system of data management (15). To reduce the hindrances in meeting the HSS objectives and other health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target for HIS, it is not only important to ensure the availability of RHI but also its performance through quality health information and its evaluation. Following Tamfon et al. (16) who determine the inadequate functionality of the RHIS of the HFs in Yaoundé, this study aims at identifying associated factors to poor performance of the RHIS in Yaoundé; so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening and enable the orientation of the limited strengthening resources.
The study variables were the socio-professional characteristics of participants, HF-related and health system (HS)-related characteristics of participating HFs, and Health Facility and Community Information System Standards.
Socio-professional characteristics included age, sex, professional qualification, years of experience, and function. HF-related characteristics included status of the HF (public/private). HS-related characteristics were: presence of health information unit ((HIU; (Yes/No)), stable person in charge of statistics/data management (Yes/No), available functional computer for data management (Yes/No), stable internet (Yes/No), call credit available (Yes/No), RHIS supervision received (Yes/No), receiving feedback from hierarchy (Yes/No), receiving training on HI (Yes/No), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (PEP, Yes/No). A PEP is a written document that describes the process of carrying out the monitoring and evaluation of the RHIS performance, detailing the "What", the "How", and the "Why It Matters" for the RHIS evaluation, as well as exploiting evaluation results for RHIS performance improvement and decision making (17).
Health Facility and Community Information System Standards defined and classified into domains and subdomains by WHO and MEASURE Evaluation (18) were:
A minimum sample size (n) of 106 HF that were visited was obtained using the formula:
where Z is the quantile of the normal distribution at 5% level which equals to 1.96, P is the proportion of adequately functioning HFs which is 10% (20), d is the precision= 0.06 (19), and non-response rate of 10%. HFs were selected through a stratified sampling that uses probability proportional to size in each HD. The two stratified variables were HD and HF status (Private, Public).
We calculated the global score (dependent variable) of all the domains using the following steps:
Proportion of scores for the various subdomains: we summed the score for each item in the subdomain, multiplied by 100 and divided by the maximum score for that subdomain.
Proportion of scores for the domains: we summed up the obtained scores of the subdomains in the given domain, multiplied by 100 and divided by the maximum score for that domain.
Global score for all the domains, we summed up all the obtained scores of all the domains, multiplied by 100 and divided by the maximum global The obtained global score was then grouped into good score (scoring 60% and and poor score (scoring 20 to 60%).
Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2013, cleaned and then exported for analyses using IBM-SPSS version 25 (21). Frequencies and percentages (%) were used to describe qualitative variables. Consistency of the RHIS assessment tool in measuring the gaps and weaknesses in the RHIS was measured using the Cronbach's alpha (α) whose score is comprised between 0–1, and was interpreted as (22–23): (i) unacceptable if α < 0.7, (ii) acceptable if: 0.7 ≤ α < 0.8, (iii) good if: 0.8 ≤ α < 0.9, (vi) excellent if α ≥ 0.9. Pearson's Chi-square test (Fisher exact test where relevant) was used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odds ratio (OR) for univariate analysis and adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) for multiple logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). The Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL test)'s goodness of fit test was used to assess the adequacy of the multiple logistic regression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Of 111 selected HFs (out of 799); 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) were private. Respondents aged 24–60 years with an average of 38.3 ± 9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) male and 53(47.7%) female.
As presented in Fig. 1, HIU, stable internet and PEP were available only in 27.9%, 39.6% and 27.9% of HFs respectively. The other characteristics: having received training on HI (63.1%), feedback received from hierarchy (74%), RHIS supervision (60.4%), and presence of functional computer (55.9%) were present in more than 50% but less than 75% of the HFs. However, stable persons in charge of statistics/data management were available in 78.4% of HFs.
The consistency of the items of the RHIS tool was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001), proving that the all questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. Table 1 shows Cronbach's alpha for various domains and subdomains; they vary for subdomains between 0.68 (Collection and Management of Individual Client Data) and 0.88 (Management); and for domains between 0.90 (Data Analysis, Dissemination, and Use) and 0.93 (Management and Governance).
Presentation of consistency of items using Cronbach's alpha
Cronbach's alpha (95% CI) p-value**
0.93 (0.89–0.95)
Associated factors with RHIS performance
Table 2 shows that private confessional HFs show a better performance (37.5%) compared to public (26.7%) and private laic (25.%) HFs (p = 0.52). HFs with a HIU performed slightly poorer (22.6%) compared to HFs without a HIU (28.8%), with non-significant difference (p = 0.50). Facilities with stable persons in charge of statistics (27.7%), functional computer (31.7%), stable internet (35.7%), and call credit (30.3%) performed better compared to those that did not possess the resources or benefitted from activities (p = 0.56, p = 0.30, p = 0.80, and p = 0.35 respectively). Facilities that benefitted from RHIS supervision (34.8%), received feedback from hierarchy (32.1%), facilities trained on HI (36.8%) and those with a PEP (45.2%) also presented better and statistically significant performances with respect to HFs that did not. Thus, the following factors were positively associated with good performances after univariate analysis: RHIS supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariate level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04). The Hosmer-Lemeshow's goodness of fit test showed that the multiple logistic model adequately fitted the data (Chi-squared test = 5.02, df = 5, p = 0.4).
Table II: Associated factors to the RHIS performance after univariate and multivariate analysis.
Private confessional
Private laic
HIU: Health information unit, HI: Health information; PEP: Performance Evaluation Plan
This study assessed the factors associated with the performance of the RHIS as a whole component of the health system. It was evidenced that HFs that have benefited from HI training were more likely to perform better than their counterparts. Training on HI enables staff to acquire skills on basic computer use, planning, data analysis and management, data use and interpretation. This also includes training on DHIS 2 which is the software used by the Ministry of Public Health for health data management. In a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Kenya (14), 80.8% of the participants agreed or strongly agreed that the use of DHIS 2 by already trained workers improved on the performance of the staff. Similar findings were obtained in the Northwest Ethiopia (24) and Western Ethiopia (25). Taking into consideration the increased need to train staff and the limited financial resources for this process, Tamfon et al. (16) suggested less costly training approaches which include online courses, video recorded sessions that can be used for self-training, and also training of the district officer and giving them the responsibility to train their staff at regular bases during HD coordination meetings.
Sixty percent of HFs reported having been supervised. Even though most of these facilities (34.8%) presented better performance compared to their counterparts. This calls to question the quality and frequency of the supervision visits. Supervision aims to empower and support staff in carrying out their daily tasks (26). This should be done in a regular manner with a checklist that includes all the aspects of the system. It was noticed that supervision irregularities were responsible for poor performance of HMIS in Ethiopia (26). This phenomenon applied to sending of feedback by the hierarchy on the quality of forwarded data and the findings post supervision visit. Our study found that nearly a quarter of HFs acknowledged having received feedback from the superiors. This finding is similar to that of a study in Kenya, where 72% of the respondents stated to have received feedback concerning their reports from the superiors at unscheduled (27). Also, Cheburet and Odhiambo-Otieno (27) established a statistically significant associations between feedback of data and frequency of feedback (p < 0.001). We noticed that 32.1% of HFs who have received feedback from superiors presented a good performance compared to 11.5% among HFs that did not receive feedback. It however points out the importance of regular and frequent feedback mechanisms to enable immediate discussion and resolution of problems for RHIS strengthening (28).
Functional computers for data management was present in about half (55.9%) of the health facilities. Of these facilities, 31.7% had good performance against 21.3% among facilities without one. This finding was similar to that obtained by Shiferaw et al (24) in Ethiopia where he evidenced that the presence of a computer in a health department was associated to good use of health information (24). However, the availability of a functional computer was proven to be significantly associated with HI use. In this study by Asemahgn (25) in Western Amhara of Ethiopia, facilities that had a computer were more likely to use HI for decision making, compared to those that did not have a computer. This difference in the findings could be explained in part by the differences in the outcome variable under investigation and also by the differences in the tools used. As earlier stated, we explored the performance of the RHIS domains as a whole, meanwhile Asemahgn focused only on HI use. Nevertheless, both findings stress the importance of having a computer for data management in the HFs and departments. Lack of computers, as well as other factors were also some challenges in strengthening the district-based health reporting through DHIS 2 in Uganda (29).
The presence of a functional computer alone in a HF or department will not guarantee effective and efficient HI management. This is complemented by the services of a stable and computer literate person in charge of statistics. The difficulties experienced by most HFs is that persons in charge with data management are unstable, untrained in HI management and computer skills, or are occupied other posts (26). Apart from this problem, our study indicates that HFs with stable persons in charge of statistics were more likely to perform better than their counterparts.
DHIS 2 was implemented with the hope of meeting the health sector strategic objective of attaining 80% completeness in monthly activities reporting by 2027 (15). With this platform, only internet connection can permit reports forwarding. There is a good coverage in Yaoundé, but HFs located in remote areas have poor internet coverage. Our findings show that HFs with stable internet were likely to perform better than their counterparts. However, the problem of HFs in Yaoundé is not poor coverage, but rather the availability of internet communication cost. Though limited in resource, HD officers have been provided telephones with communication credit for communication with HFs. This improved on performance with respect to HFs reporting and feedback sending by hierarchy.
Some limitations of the study include the fact that it didn't focus enough on other behavioural determinants such as the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and motivation of the people who collect, analyse, and use health data.
This study revealed that training of health staff in the RHIS is a strong determinant of good performance of the system in Yaoundé. In this light, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback mechanisms, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé. Health authorities should carry greater responsibility in the strengthening of RHIS through the creation of an enabling environment. This involves providing and advocating for sufficient resources, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of RHIS policies by both public and private HFs for a better management of data for making evidence-informed decisions.
Ethical clearance number 0552-/CRERSHC/2018 (Contact: 222 21 20 87/677 94 84 89, mail: [email protected] and authorization number 0549- /AP/MINSANTE/SG/DRSPC were obtained prior to the study.


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Startseite » Blog » Why Privacy is an urgent Social Issue
Why Privacy is an urgent Social Issue
23. November 2021 24. January 2022
Digital Economy, Ethics, Surveillance
The Internet is filled with advise, tricks and guidelines about privacy, stopping disclosure of personal information in the digital world and what to do to achieve "complete privacy" online. While such guides are important for the education about "digital self-defense", they generally have in common, that they put the burden of action on the individual and often times assume a certain amount of technical knowledge, motivation and all too often the financial means of the informed reader to act on the advise. This of course makes sense to a certain degree, since most people claim to care a lot about privacy. But what does "privacy" even mean? Who is affected by privacy infringements and what is the potential fallout? [1, 2, 3]
What is Privacy?
The term "privacy" in the context of public discussion is fiercely convoluted and vague, often times experienced as burden on the individual without any obvious, clear-cut benefit. To complicate things further, the idea of what privacy entitles and whether or how to protect it is in constant flux over time and place. The general presumption and constant fear of infringed privacy may in some instances lead to becoming a "privacy hardliner" or to the contrary a feeling of helplessness and "blissful ignorance". Paradoxically, the worry about a lack of privacy can even lead to the well-known attitude of "I have nothing to hide, so who cares?" or the somewhat paranoid stance of "Why would I care about privacy, if 'they' know all about 'us' anyways?". It may also spark the fear of standing out all too much, leading to a pressure of compliance. [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
The demand for privacy, while often times thought of as fear from governments, law enforcement or companies is in reality deeply entrenched with "freedom". Quite ironically, it is freedom along with (pseudo-) security, that is often used as excuse that permits the restriction of individuals' or society's privacy. [9, 10, 11]
It is also not as easy as to label privacy as an egoistic individual choice by those wanting to be left alone and not engage in society or those who want to strictly separate public and private space. Privacy as a concept is less about oneself and more about collective trust, consent and the control of your own information streams. Rather than a dividing force, privacy is therefore an integrational and fundamental building block of a functional democratic society. [12]
Social Sorting and Surveillance
When talking about privacy, the issue of surveillance (from french: "surveiller"; "to watch over") presents a direct link to society, as it implies a social hierarchy between the observer and the observed. In other terms, surveillance may be seen as asymmetric privacy with powerful watchers on one and powerless subjects on the other side. The lack of privacy appears to systematically affect disadvantaged populations rather than more advantaged ones – or to the very least disproportionally so. [13, 14, 15, 16]
As opposed to the pre-internet (or more precisely, the pre- "interactive web") era, surveillance has become an omnipresent phenomenon in day-to-day life for pretty much everyone today. Moreover that, through technical progressions such as digitisation, there are fewer private spaces and more to hide than ever, be it in private life, at school or the place of work. This may either come in the form of state surveillance, from companies (and private-public collaborations) or in the form of social surveillance and peer pressure from within society itself. In the context of corporate or capitalistic surveillance (and to some extent also state surveillance), the aims of such privacy intrusions are typically planing, predicting or preventing certain behavior of consumers and market actors through classification of their profile. [7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19]
In this frame, "Social Sorting", a term coined in the early 2000s, creates the connection between privacy and social phenomenon as well as society, as opposed to privacy as a question for individuals. Thereby, the ever growing computational power, data sources and digitisation also leads to the automatisation of surveillance, such as for example through advertisement companies that sort people's profiles into categories by learning about their thoughts and desires and indeed also by influencing them either directly or indirectly. [13, 17, 20]
Socio-economic, but also geo-demographic factors play a vital role in such categorisation, i.e. whether people live in predominately rich and more exclusive urban neighbourhoods or in much more disadvantaged, low-income and high unemployment urban and rural areas. Such categories may not only be used to classify people, but also to classify places, areas and – to go full circle – people that live within it. In combination with individual-level information to varying degrees, such as interests, opinions and spending patterns, marketers, politicians, authorities and any other type of campaign or advertisement actors might target and treat people differently based on their assigned category. [17]
This of course may not only lead to finely tuned ads for an individual, such discriminatory advertisement patterns, special offers or content (think: Social Media timeline sorting) may directly or indirectly transport different values, expectations and ambitions, which in turn is able to deepen, stabilise or break the status quo, depending on how and by whom it is used. [9, 15, 17, 20, 21, 22]
Historically, low-income workers, the unemployed and minority or otherwise marginalised communities are those most likely to be affected by surveillance as well as other privacy intrusions and particular targeting or exclusion through the means of Social Sorting. The effects may be seen as further inequalities within the labour market, education institutions, insurance rates, treatment by law enforcement or policing and many other fields. [7, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 23]
In that regard, privacy intrusions as well as any form of surveillance can in many instances also serve as tools of oppression for those without power, by exploiting those that are most vulnerable to it, be it intented or not. [8, 12, 16, 22, 24]
"If it is free, then you are the product"
During the early 20th century, the term "There is no free lunch" was termed by economists, referring to the idea, that nothing in life is ever free of costs and has since found adoption in a wide variety of fields. While that notion surely is not universally and unconditionally applicable, it does hold some truth also for the digital world we live in. [25]
The phrase could appear to be contradicted, with the rise of IT-companies like Google, Facebook and others, seemingly offering gratis services like web search, cloud storage, messengers, e-mail, office suits and even operating systems during the past two decades. However, as we quickly learned, the end user of such services is not these companies' customer in most cases, but others buying the information about these users are. Through interest-based and behavioural surveillance, such advertisement companies fight over our attention in a mechanism experts call the "Attention Economy", whereas our capacity to process the overload of information that is raining down on us in every minute of every day is a scarce good. [26]
If we look at the bigger picture of such economy, how it affects individuals and how market actors can profit from it, one may realize that offering gratis services like Google, Facebook and other advertisement companies do, is likely a promising strategy to gain market dominance and therefore also win the fight over individuals' attention: If it is free, then your attention is the currency – and your personal information is the product. [26, 27]
As such practices become widely known, increasing the collective understanding of the importance of privacy, a new market section emerges: Selling the assurance of privacy. One of the most prominent examples capitalizing on privacy promises is Apple, who market their premium pricing as an exchange for exclusivity and "privacy", segregating the market into those that care about their individual privacy – and can afford to pay for it – and those that do not. [28]
Although many such companies have since weakened or flatout broken their assurances, the strategy of capitalizing privacy itself exacerbates the aforementioned social issue of surveillance as it excludes those that are unable or unwilling to pay high premiums for a promise of freedom which may or may not hold down the road, pushing them further into the locked-in ecosystems of the gratis-tier Surveillance Capitalists. [26, 28]
Playing the game of rich elites that (supposedly) buy themselves off of digital surveillance or those that are both educated and lucky enough to run their own infrastructure and experience true privacy within their own tiny bubble, while the majority is bound to feed the machine with their private information is a self-reinforcing cycle which benefits no one but those that sell people's privacy and those that capitalize on it directly. To summarize: Yes, we do have "something to hide", both personally as well as collectively, be it from a socially minded or self-serving perspective. [12, 28]
It is quite obvious, that while all parts of society are affected by privacy intrusions, particularly more disadvantaged communities carry the heaviest burden in that regard as they are likely to be the main targets as well as the most vulnerable to overall surveillance and particularly Surveillance Capitalism. Despite that fact, empirical research on the lack of privacy as well as opinion and individuals' measures within such populations appears to be scarce; And so is their inclusion and participation into software projects and development. [12, 28]
While there are many great and growing privacy-aware services and software products out there already, many consumers still fall back onto the gratis-tier data harvesters, as their privacy friendly counterparts seem either too expensive for what they offer, appear too technical and exotic or due to lock-in effects of proprietary plattforms.
From the perspective of such privacy friendly, Open Source and Free Software projects, working on further engagement, inclusion and lowering entrance barriers for participation of disadvantaged populations into the development, planning and overall community relation could improve things substantially. Creating further awareness for Open Source and privacy related topics is also an integral part of pushing for a better and fairer digital world. And such efforts are already being done for a while now by many of the small and bigger players of the Free Software scene such as Nextcloud, Collabora, The Document Foundation, GNOME, KDE and many more.
Service and Software providers commited to privacy such as we at ViOffice should also strengthen their ties to those projects, as is the case for us in regards to Nextcloud and Collabora, which are an integral part of our cloud product range. Additionally to that, there should also be other efforts for example through social-aware pricing, privacy-first data handling and information about these topics.
However, "Privacy", as mentioned before, is a bigger issue than just software-related topics as it touches all parts of our life and affects everything from individuals' well-being to democracy and society. Furthermore not everything can be regulated from within the market itself, especially since competing with Surveillance Capitalists through pricing alone is a hopeless fight. As such, data and privacy literacy need to be improved on regional and global scale and indeed also institutional privacy laws. Privacy-respecting Free Software projects require broader acceptance and recognition, while those that capitalize on privacy and self-determination need to be regulated much closer and held accountable more rigorously than they have until now.
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Jan is co-founder of ViOffice. He is responsible for the technical implementation and maintenance of the software. His interests lie in particular in the areas of security, data protection and encryption.
In addition to his studies in economics, later in applied statistics and his subsequent doctorate, he has years of experience in software development, open source and server administration.
https://www.vioffice.de/blog/author/jan-weymeirsch/
Digital office without Microsoft, Google & Co.
More Security through Multi-Factor Authentication
Tags:Data ProtectionPoliticsPrivacySocial Entrepreneurship

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Y tho?
Elon Musk reveals Tesla will change the Model Y design: Here's why.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk has big plans to transform the compact SUV, which started hitting roads in March 2020.
The Tesla Model Y could be set for some tweaks that will make it easier to produce, as the compact SUV continues attracting buyers and broadening Tesla's appeal.
The electric car company started delivering to customers its Model Y vehicles in March 2020, and the entry-level vehicle — which, along with 2017's Model 3 sedan — is designed to transform Tesla from a niche automaker to a mass-market manufacturer.
During the company's second-quarter 2020 earnings call last week, Tesla CEO Elon Musk claimed the company could make changes to the Model Y design that would help the company achieve a major goal. In essence, if one can make the Model Y faster, one can make more of them.
"We're really changing the design of the car in order to make it more manufacturable. The fundamental architecture of Model Y will be different in Berlin. It may look the same, but the internals will be quite different and fundamentally more efficient architecturally than what we've done to date."
The company is also taking steps to improve its manufacturing process at its existing Fremont facility in California. This facility, which at one point belonged to General Motors, was purchased by Tesla in 2010 and became its first full-scale factory.
"The world's biggest casting press is getting assembled right now, actually, in Fremont for the Model Y rear body casting. It's enormous and it looks awesome."
Musk teased more about this new casting process during the previous quarterly earnings call. He explained the company is developing a new casting system where "essentially the rear third of the body is cast as a single piece." Musk claimed that "no casting of this size or complexity has ever been done before."
The Tesla Model Y could improve in terms of manufacturing. Tesla
The comments suggest that, while the Model Y has already started making waves in the marketplace, Tesla is not done with changes just yet. As part of the company's plan to produce more electric vehicles at speed, Musk has spoken before about how the Model Y is being designed for ease of manufacturing. In May 2019, Musk said the vehicle would be a "manufacturing revolution" when compared to the Model 3.
The vehicle's launch has been a lot smoother than its Model 3 predecessor. At the time of the latter vehicle's release in July 2017, Tesla was making around 2,000 Model S and X vehicles per week. Musk set the goal of reaching an output of 5,000 cars per week, a period in the company's history dubbed "production hell." Tesla ultimately met this goal 12 months after launch. The Model Y had a comparatively subdued launch by comparison, and Tesla claimed it was the company's first vehicle to reach profitability in its first quarter of production.
Tesla is currently undertaking a mission to build more factories around the world for these entry-level vehicles. The goal will be to reduce the complexity at individual factories by enabling them to focus on local consumers. A new facility in Shanghai handed over the first vehicles in January 2020. Within the next 18 months, Tesla is expected to bring a further three facilities online. Factories have been announced for Berlin and Austin in Texas.
The Inverse analysis — The Tesla Model Y could end out as the company's most popular vehicle, which means smooth manufacturing is key. The number one type of vehicle in the United States is the crossover, according to data from Statista. Musk claimed in January that demand could be 50 percent higher versus the Model 3.
It had a relatively quiet launch, it's having relatively quiet success, and its design looks pretty similar to the original Model 3. But in terms of reaching more EV-curious buyers and transitioning more drivers to clean energy, the Model Y could be Tesla's most exciting vehicle yet.


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Start-up fever grips young tech-savvy Indians
Agence France Presse -
Bangalore, February 8, 2017:Â In the basement of a Bangalore building, hundreds of young Indians sit in neat rows of desks typing furiously, all dreaming...
Nepal-India check points to be sealed for 48 hours from Jan...
Republica -
Bardiya, January 22, 2017: Check points along the Nepal-India border in Utter Pradesh of India would be sealed for 48 hours to be effective...
In the name of Ram: Tattoos in India's Dalit community
Al Jazeera -
After being denied access to temples, some Dalits began tattooing the name of the Hindu god Ram on their face and body. Around 250km from...
Bringing the fun to the learning
The Kathmandu Post -
November 29, 2016: The fifth season of CMC Quiz Mania is geared for its final showdown with India-Modern School (India) and Government Science College...
Bamboo schools boost education in Chhattisgarh's Maoist hotbed Bastar
Hindustan Times -
The state has identified 65 panchayats in Bastar zone that have decided to build bamboo-structure schools. Kanker (India), October 7, 2016: The structure isn't concrete,...
Intercontinental Food Festival @ Happy Singh Da Dhaba
Kathmandu, May 6, 2016: On the  outdoor restaurant of Soaltee Crown Plaza, Kathmandu you suddenly start hearing Indian songs from old Indian movies and...
Nepal vs Srilanka : Match Preview and Live Streaming Details
//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js // The SAFF Suzuki Cup 2015 is all set to Kickoff as Nepal faces Srilanka on the first match of SAFF...
"Kerala" declared First Digital State of India
India, August 20, 2015: On the occasion of 15 August, the state of Kerala was declared as the complete digital state by its CM...
When I used to see people leaving their country and moving to other countries, I would ask my parents "why would someone want to...
India executes Yakub Memon for 1993 Mumbai blast
NEW DELHI, July 30 (Xinhua): Yakub Memon has been executed  for his role in 1993's Mumbai serial blast, following his last minutes petition to terminate his...
Toxic Alcohol Death Toll Reaches 102
June 23, 2015:Â 102 people has already died after consuming toxic alcohol in Mumbai. 46 people are hospitalized after the consumption of alcohol. 6 people are...
10 people Killed Due To Fire At Indian hotel
June 19, 2015: At least 10 people is killed and many are injured in a hotel in Northern India. According to officials fire broke out...
Toxic Alcohol Killed At Least 35 People In India
June 19, 2015: After consuming toxic alcohol at least 35 people have been killed in India's western city of Mumbai, according to local police. The...
Bangladesh Wins First ODI Against India by 79 Runs
Bangladesh, 19 June, 2015: Bangladesh stun India by 79 runs in the 1st ODI. After wining the toss, Bangladesh elects to bat and put...
India Stunned By Guam
June 17, 2017: Guam ranked 174th in Fifa ranking stuns India in world cup qualifier. Guam won the match by 2-1 and sits on...
More than 1 Million Children Vulnerable due to Earthquake
NEW DELHI, April 28, 2015 (AFP)Â : Almost one million children urgently need help after an earthquake claimed more than 3,200 lives in Nepal, the...
Nepal Advances To Final
April 24, 2015: Nepal reaches final of AFC U-14 Girls' Regional Championship beating arch-rivals India 1-0 in Dashrath Stadium today. The only goal was scored by Nirmala Upadhayay,...
India Launches High Terror Alert
New Delhi, April 14, 2015: Indian government has issued a nationwide terror alert, especially in Mumbai. India has followed intelligence inputs of a possible...
Let's Give Ourselves the Gift of a Clean Nepal In This...
April 13, 2015: The directive of Parliamentary Committee on Environment Protection (EPC), the Government of Nepal banned plastic bags up to 20 x 35 inches size...
Integrated settlement plan for Budhi Gandaki affected population
(By Ramesh Lamsal) Kathmandu, 22 March, 2015 :Â An integrated resettlement plan is to be developed for the rehabilitation of the locals to be affected...
"Champions of Change" selected for Yuva Prena Yatra
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India Bans Broadcast Of Film Showing Gang-Rapist
NEW DELHI, March 5, 2015 (AFP) : India has banned the broadcast of a controversial documentary in which one of the men who gang-raped...
India unveils reform test budget
28 Feb, 2015 :Â Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government is presenting its first full budget in what is seen as a key test of...
Delhi chief Arvind Kejriwal swears to end 'VIP culture'
14th February, 2015 :Â Anti-corruption activist Arvind Kejriwal has vowed to end Delhi's "VIP culture" as he was sworn in as the Indian capital's chief...
From trash to beads
Lumbini Futsal Arena: Introducing Futsal in Butwal
Bodhi Books & Bakes: Sip Coffee with Books
Everyone laughed at her idea, yet she initiated a trash collection business: Story of...


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Indian Army Kite 'Arjun' Trained On Preying Drones Shown In Action At Indo-US Wargame
In a first, the Indian Army has trained kites to prey on enemy drones and they were shown in action during the ongoing joint training exercise Yuddh Abhyas of India and US in Uttarakhand's Auli
Auli: In a first, the Indian Army has trained kites to prey on enemy drones and they were shown in action during the ongoing joint training exercise Yuddh Abhyas of India and US in Uttarakhand's Auli.
A kite named "Arjun" trained to prey on enemy drones was shown in action during the ongoing joint training exercise. During the exercise, the Indian Army created a situation, in which the Indian Army used a kite and a dog to identify the location of enemy drones and destroy them.
In this, the dog alerts the Indian Army after hearing the sound of the drone. Whereas the kite works to identify the location of the enemy's drone and circumcise it in the air.
Indian Army troops are using trained Kites to prey on enemy drones in a first-of-its-kind usage of these birds. Indian Army is using trained Kites along with dogs for military operations, Army officials said.
Such a capability can help the security forces to tackle the menace of drones coming from across the border to Indian areas in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.
Several cases have been reported where drones coming from Pakistan side have dropped consignments of drugs, guns and money in Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab.
Recently on November 24, Jammu and Kashmir Police recovered a consignment of weapons and Indian currency that were dropped by a Pakistani drone in the Samba district of Jammu.
The Indian Army troops carried out slithering operations from the Mi-17 helicopter during the exercise Yuddh Abhyas.
During the joint exercise, the Indian Army also displayed the unarmed combat skills of soldiers.
The 18th edition of the Indo-US joint training exercise "Yudh Abhyas 22" commenced in Uttarakhand's Auli on Saturday.
Exercise Yudh Abhyas is conducted annually between India and US with the aim of exchanging best practices, Tactics, Techniques and Procedures between the Armies of the two nations.
The previous edition of the exercise was conducted at Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson, Alaska (US) in October 2021.
Also Read: Rise Of India Linked To Rise Of Technology: Jaishankar At Global Tech Summit
US Army soldiers of the 2nd Brigade of the 11th Airborne Division and Indian Army soldiers from the ASSAM Regiment are participating in the exercise. The training schedule focuses on the employment of an integrated battle group under Chapter VII of the UN Mandate.
The scope of the Field Training Exercise includes the validation of integrated battle groups, force multipliers, establishment and functioning of surveillance grids, validation of operational logistics, mountain warfare skills, casualty evacuation and combat medical aid in adverse terrain and climatic conditions.
According to the Army, the joint exercise focuses on deploying an infantry battalion group in peacekeeping and disaster relief operations under the mandate of the US.
The Yudh Abhyas is a 15-day-long exercise that will focus on high altitude and extremely cold climate warfare.
ArjunIndian ArmyIndo-USPreying Drones
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Report: Democrats Have Been Protesting 'Wrong' Border Shelter
Brendan Smialowski / AFP / Getty
Joel B. Pollak
A tent city in Tornillo, Texas, that Democrats have been using as a site for protests against President Donald Trump's border policies turns out not to be housing children separated from their parents after all, according to the Austin American-Statesman.
The newspaper reports that the tent city houses unaccompanied minors, not children who crossed the border illegally with adults.
The American-Statesman reported Wednesday (emphasis added):
On Wednesday, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to end the separations — part of his administration's "zero tolerance" immigration policy — but it was unclear how his order might affect the tent city that has been erected at the border crossing. The site has become a hotbed of protesters in recent days as bipartisan pressure grew for Trump to halt the separations.
The border control facility at Tornillo has about 360 teenage immigrants who entered the country illegally, unaccompanied by adults. Federal officials are considering expanding the tent city's capacity to house as many as 4,000 children.
Democrats — including Beto O'Rourke, who is challenging Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) in the midterm elections — have marched on Tornillo as if it were housing children who were separated from their parents.
"We decided there wouldn't be a more powerful way to spend Father's Day than with children who have just been taken from their fathers, children who have been taken from their mothers, children who won't be able to be with their family," O'Rourke said on Sunday, according to the Texas Tribune. He had just led a march of thousands of people outside the Tornillo tent city, the San Antonio Current reported.
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio (above) has also protested there, among other leading Democrats from around the country.
Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said Monday that 10,000 of the 12,000 children in government custody had arrived at the border on their own — i.e. they had separated from their parents before undertaking the journey.
The Department of Homeland Security has not returned requests for comment.
Joel B. Pollak is Senior Editor-at-Large at Breitbart News. He was named to Forward's 50 "most influential" Jews in 2017. He is the co-author of How Trump Won: The Inside Story of a Revolution, which is available from Regnery. Follow him on Twitter at @joelpollak.
ImmigrationPoliticsBeto O'RourkeBill de BlasioBorder CrisisKirstjen Nielsentent cityTornillo


Quicken Loans golfer Rickie Fowler proved to the world why he's truly one of a kind with his dramatic playoff victory at THE PLAYERS Championship. At Quicken Loans, we're proud to have Rickie on our team, and we're inspired by his incredible confidence, passion and bold playing style.
We know Rickie will continue to deliver game-changing performances throughout the PGA season, and we want you to be a part of it. To keep up with the latest news on Rickie, follow Quicken Loans on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.
And be sure to also check out the Quicken Loans Hole-In-One Sweepstakes for the chance to win a year's worth of mortgage payments.
Congratulations, Rickie! We can't wait to see what you're going to do next.
The Quicken Loans Drive Home a Winner Sweepstakes Is Back!


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Home News Legal Matters Two arrested in apparent gun threat at the Pokémon World Championships
They hate us!
Two arrested in apparent gun threat at the Pokémon World Championships
Heidi MacDonald
With cons and fan events growing in popularity, and shooting an almost everyday occurrence here in the US, one wonders if there will ever be an "incident" at a con. Well here's one that MAY have been thwarted. It seems two invited participants in the Pokémon World Championships were arrested after making some online threats and showing up armed to the teeth:
Two men who drove from Iowa to Boston for the Pokémon World Championships were arrested Friday after seemingly threatening violence over social media against attendees of the event, according to the Boston Police Department.
Kevin Norton, 18, and James Stumbo, 27, were arrested on several firearm-related charges. The official Pokémon site lists Kevin Norton and a James Stumbo, both from the U.S., as invitees in the "masters division" of the world championships of the Pokémon Trading Card Game.
Security was alerted to threats made by the duo and stopped them from entering the event—which consists of people playing the card game. Inside the duos car they found a 12 gauge shotgun, an AR-15 rifle and hundreds of rounds of ammunition. And a hunting knife. Because why wouldn't you need lots of ammo to say "Go out Squirtle!"
The actual threats include the following Facebook conversation, accompanying a photo of the arsenal according to The Daily Beast:
"Kevin Norton and I are ready for Worlds Boston here we come!!!"
"Good luck!" wrote a Facebook user named Joey Faux.
"With killing the competition?" asked Norton.
"Haha yes," replied Faux.
It does sound like this could have been an attempt at some kind of morbid humor, but…seriously people, why do you need your guns?
Organizers of the event released a statement:
Prior to the event this weekend, our community of players made us aware of a security issue. We gathered information and gave it as soon as possible to the authorities at the John B. Hynes Veterans Memorial Convention Center who acted swiftly and spearheaded communication with the Boston Police Department. Due to quick action, the potential threat was resolved. The Pokémon Company International takes the safety of our fans seriously and will continue to ensure proper security measures are a priority.
While it's not really clear what these bozos had in mind, it does seem rather chilling. As for other incidents, last December a furry convention in Rosemont was disrupted when a choline gas attack forced 19 people to be hospitalized. This seemed like quite a disturbing event, and I was wondering if a suspect or any background for the attack would ever be released..a few minutes of Googling didn't turn anything up, but maybe Torsten can investigate with his superior search skills.
Anyway, glad no one was hurt. And let's hope it stays that way.
Previous articleWeekend con reports: Antony Esmond and Warren Ellis on Safari Comics Festival
Next articleExclusive: 'The Well' by Jake Wyatt and F. Choo is coming from First Second in 2018
https://www.comicsbeat.com
Heidi MacDonald is an award-winning editor/journalist with 20 years. An editor at Disney and DC Comics, she edited such titles as The Lion King, Scooby Doo, Swamp Thing, and Y: The Last Man. She cohosts Publishers Weekly's graphic novel podcast More to Come.
Pokémon Company drops new extended 14-minute gameplay trailer for Scarlet & Violet
Pokémon Scarlet & Violet footage and a Special Edition Switch OLED model in two newly revealed trailers
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Skybound announces public investment opportunity on Republic


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It's About More Than It Seems: The Story of Ukraine
28 Jan 2023 Saturday 11:00 am-12:00 pm
16930 Kercheval, Grosse Pointe MichiganLocation
Join AAUW Grosse Pointe to experience a new perspective and insight on Ukraine and the Ukranian people.
Date and Time: Saturday, January 28, 2023, 11:00 am
Location: Village Grille – 16930 Kercheval, Grosse Pointe Michigan Served Lunch $30
Keynote speaker: Natalie Melnyczuk
NATO representative to Ukraine as the Head of NATO Information and Documentation Center in Kyiv, Ukraine – lived for six years in the Ukraine
Political Officer in the Political Affairs and Security Policy Division at NATO HQ in Brussels, Belgium
30 years as an analyst, academic and diplomat for US think tanks
Speaker highlights:
"We will examine why Russia invaded Eastern and Southern Ukraine in 2014 and launched a broader war against Ukraine in February 2022 and how its goals and calculations have and have not changed. We will consider the resilience of the Ukrainian people and how the roles of women and education in Ukraine have contributed to this resilience."
Register to attend this not-to-be-missed event.
Make checks payable to AAUW GP and send to:
AAUW GP, 32 Lake Shore Drive, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI 48236 with your name, email address and phone number.
For more information please contact us at aauwgp@gmail.com
See you on January 28th!
Register for Event: It's About More Than It Seems: The Story of Ukraine
Your ticket for the: It's About More Than It Seems: The Story of Ukraine
16930 Kercheval, Grosse Pointe Michigan


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Biggest spike in radiation at Japan power plant
March 30, 2011 / 1:48 PM / CBS/AP
TOKYO - Setbacks mounted Wednesday in the crisis over Japan's tsunami-damaged nuclear facility, with nearby seawater testing at its highest radiation levels yet and the president of the plant operator checking into a hospital with hypertension.
Nearly three weeks after a March 11 tsunami engulfed the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant, knocking out power to the cooling system that keeps nuclear fuel rods from overheating, Tokyo Electric Power Co. is still struggling to bring the facility in northeastern Japan under control.
While radioactive water in Unit 1 reactor's turbine building is being drained successfully, progress seems to have stalled at reactors 2 and 3, reports CBS Radio News correspondent Lucy Craft.
Complete coverage: Disaster in Japan
Radiation leaking from the plant has seeped into the soil and seawater nearby and made its way into produce, raw milk and even tap water as far as Tokyo, 140 miles to the south.
Amid criticism that safeguards were lax at the Fukushima plant, the nuclear agency on Wednesday ordered plant operators nationwide to review their emergency procedures. The agency told utilities they must have on hand mobile backup generators and fire engines, which have been used at Fukushima to cool the reactors. The operators must report back to the agency within a month.
The stress of reining in Japan's worst crisis since World War II has taken its toll on TEPCO President Masataka Shimizu, who was sent to a hospital late Tuesday.
Shimizu, 66, has not been seen in public since a March 13 news conference in Tokyo, raising speculation that he had suffered a breakdown. For days, officials deflected questions about Shimizu's whereabouts, saying he was "resting" at company headquarters.
Spokesman Naoki Tsunoda said Wednesday that Shimizu had been admitted to a Tokyo hospital after suffering dizziness and high blood pressure.
The leadership vacuum follows growing criticism of TEPCO for its failure to halt the radiation leaks. Bowing deeply, arms at his side, Chairman Tsunehisa Katsumata announced at a news conference that he would step in and apologized for the delay.
"We must do everything we can to end this situation as soon as possible for the sake of everyone who has been affected," said Yuhei Sato, governor of Fukushima prefecture. "I am extremely disappointed and saddened by the suggestion that this might drag out longer."
TEPCO acknowledged publicly for the first time that at least four of the plant's six reactors will have to be decommissioned once the crisis subsides, citing the corrosive seawater used to cool reactors and spent fuel pools.
"After pouring seawater on them ... I believe we cannot use them anymore," Katsumata said.
Japan's government has been saying since March 20 that the entire plant must be scrapped.
On Wednesday, nuclear safety officials said seawater 300 yards outside the plant contained 3,355 times the legal limit for the amount of radioactive iodine -- the highest rate yet and a sign that more contaminated water was making its way into the ocean.
The amount of iodine-131 found south of the plant does not pose an immediate threat to human health but was a "concern," said Hidehiko Nishiyama, a Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency official. He said there was no fishing in the area.
Radioactive iodine is short-lived, with a half-life of just eight days, and in any case was expected to dissipate quickly in the ocean. It does not tend to accumulate in shellfish.
"We will nail down the cause, and will do our utmost to prevent it from rising further," he said.
Highly toxic plutonium also has been detected in the soil outside the plant, TEPCO said. Safety officials said the amounts did not pose a risk to humans, but the finding supports suspicions that dangerously radioactive water is leaking from damaged nuclear fuel rods. There have been no reports of plutonium being found in seawater.
U.N. nuclear agency officials said Wednesday that readings outside the exclusion zone of the Japan nuclear disaster shows radiation exceeds recommended evacuation levels.
The officials emphasized that the readings, at Iitate village, were sporadic and were registered only at one measuring point.
Elena Buglova, one of the officials of the International Atomic Energy Agency, says the reading was 2 megabecquerels per square meter - which is a level about two times higher than at which the agency recommends evacuations.
Iitate village is about 40 kilometers from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear complex. Residents have been evacuated within a 20-kilometer zone and told to stay indoors within 30 kilometers.
The latest findings on radioactive iodine highlighted the urgent need to power up the power plant's cooling system. Workers succeeded last week in reconnecting some parts of the plant to the power grid.
Workers are faced with a daunting and somewhat contradictory task. They must hose down the reactors to stave off overheating but the dousing is increasing the pools of dangerously radioactive water. The government says it's weighing unorthodox solutions, such as covering the buildings with a special cloth to prevent radioactivity from venting into the air, and storing radioactive water on a tanker, reports Craft.
The contaminated water has been emitting many times the amount of radiation that the government considers safe for workers, making it a priority to pump the water out before electricity can be restored.
TEPCO plans to spray resin on the ground around the plant to keep radioactive particles from spreading or seeping into the ocean. The company will test the method Thursday in one section of the plant before using it elsewhere, Nishiyama said.
"The idea is to glue them to the ground," he said. But it would be too sticky to use inside buildings or on sensitive equipment.
The government also is considering covering some reactors with cloth tenting, TEPCO said. If successful, that could allow workers to spend longer periods of time in other areas of the plant.
The spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of Japan's seafood, even though experts say the low levels suggest radiation won't accumulate in fish at unsafe levels. Trace amounts of radioactive cesium-137 have been found in anchovies as far afield as Chiba, near Tokyo, but at less than 1 percent of acceptable levels.
Experts say the Pacific is so vast that any radiation will be quickly diluted before it becomes problematic. Citing dilution, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has played down the risks of seafood contamination.
As officials seek to bring an end to the nuclear crisis, hundreds of thousands in the northeast are trying to put their lives back together. The official death toll stood at 11,257 on Wednesday, with the final toll likely surpassing 18,000.
The government said damage is expected to cost $310 billion, making it the most costly natural disaster on record.
In the town of Rizukentakata, one 24-year-old said she's been searching every day for a missing friend but will have to return to her job at a nursing home because she has run out of cash.
Life is far from back to normal, she said.
"Our family posted a sign in our house: Stay positive," Eri Ishikawa said. But she said it's a struggle.
First published on March 30, 2011 / 1:48 PM
© 2011 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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When you file for divorce it will likely be close all joint stories. Make sure that everyone is aware that it was by request, not a new result of other difficulties. You will want them to be aware of that therefore it shows high on your credit reports and has nothing to use your credit when you may go and request for credit.
Before long, Mary, a vivacious, outgoing girl with a passion for excellent clothes, developed worldly means. She did not divorce her religion but it was much more the whole consideration within their future plans as it's earlier. She made an earnest effort to be sedate and sweetly pretentious like girls were to be able to be, but she simply could not keep her real self in.
Should quantity of of contestants in even one division be larger than ten participants. To make a lone division practicable in are not able to comparison, the Judge may break the division into two segments in order to facilitate the knowing. After the initial comparisons are completed, the pinnacle Judge shall shift the contestants about and conduct additional comparisons of selected subgroups as requested from your judging panel until all judges are satisfied that they have seen enough to establish their placings. After the culmination of this phase, the comparisons for subdivision awards, if any, shall be manufactured before the contestants are sent offstage. At the tip of all procedures, the judges fill their individual scoring papers.
God's will is not too of miraculous healing for your and mind but a person walk component will first and by doing so live in divine future health. It would be vain to miraculously heal a smashed thumb if the carpenter does nothing cease the possibility that hitting it with a hammer again thereby injuring it repeatedly.
Building and breaking circles happens our own personal and family lives as well as within the church. As i was eleven years old, my family moved towards the little area of Vienna, Virginia and we joined Vienna Baptist Rec center. I stayed connected with the people of that church despite moving away, then likely to college, graduate school, and seminary. In the age of twenty-eight, I fulfilled something of your life dream while i joined the employees of Vienna Baptist Church as the Pastoral Associate for Music, Arts, and Drama & Missions. Occurred just after my mother's death I felt her spirit was happy with my grow to be pastor on the staff men and women home chapel.
I would like you to experience the joy of daily love and laughter from an inexpensive wedding, with friends every single day impress, in the marriage that lasts as it is based on reality, not illusion and hype.
When you're making the necessary changes preserve your marriage and avoid the divorce you spouse will notice that you decide to make an effort to make things effort. Once your spouse sees you inside new light you can surprised they react towards changes you could have made within yourself.
In order to survive infidelity do not compare yourself to her. In this article, I am going present you 4 techniques which should help for you to definitely regain associated with your mind and boost self-belief.
The forty somethings and beyond have been falling like flies. Is actually very amazing a large number of couples together for twenty, thirty properly forty years are giving up. It is a wonder whether or not just held on as long as they could, or suddenly got up one day and found they had terminal getting bored To learn more on Royaladventurers.Wiki look into our web page. .
This page was last modified on 1 February 2019, at 13:49.


text:
Lukasz Grajewski, Eastbook.eu, February 7, 2012 (Poland)
More And More Magnificent Castles
We seldom have a reason for praising Belarusian authorities here on Eastook.eu. Usually, they just give us none. However, actions of the Belarusian Ministry of Culture within the framework of the "Castles of Belarus" programme are noteworthy.
Belarus is a country of a rich history that we generally forget, focusing on the unhappy present. In January, the Belarusian Council of Ministers approved the development programme "Castles of Belarus" for 2012-2018. The initiator of the programme is the Ministry of Culture. Thanks to the political agreement, restorers are to bring back the glow to historical monuments that would help tourists to understand complexity of Belarusian lands.
According to historians, in different periods of times 150 castles were built within the Belarusian territory. They were built in times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, when these lands belonged to magnate families, such as Radziwi?? and Sapieha.
The reconstruction works within the "Castles of Belarus" pogramme will cover 38 buildings, including 7 total reconstructions. Within last years, the Mir Castle Complex, which history goes back to the 15th century, was given a remodelling. Restorers' hammer taps and strokes of brushes are still filling the Nesvizh Castle. The former residence of Radziwi?? family, under the decision of Soviet authorities, was a sanatorium between 1945 and 2001, and underwent a reconstruction of questionable quality during last 10 years. In 2012, Nesvizh is the "Belarus' Capital of Culture", which shall translate into growing interest in the Radziwi?? castle, included in UNESCO's World Heritage List.
Originally published: http://eastbook.eu/en/2012/02/material-en/information-material-en/belarus-more-and-more-magnificent-castles/
Speak loudly about what others only whisper
(Magdalena Bożko)
Is the end of Lukashenka's regime coming soon?
(Gesine Dornblueth )
The lost art of speaking Belarusian in Belarus
(Nabeelah Shabbir )
Europe's (Far) East
(Marta Palombo )
The Republic of Fear Upon Decree
(Jutta Sommerbauer )


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text:
Viktor Orbán greatly appreciates Tamás Gyárfás's work for the Hungarian Swimming Association
| forrás: Cabinet Office of The Prime Minister
Bertalan Havasi, Head of the Press Office of the Prime Minister, has informed the government news portal kormany.hu that "In the Parliament Building on Friday, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán received Tamás Gyárfás, outgoing President of the Hungarian Swimming Association and Vice-President of the International Swimming Federation (FINA)".
Mr. Havasi said that the Prime Minister greatly appreciates the work that Mr. Gyárfás has done in the interests of Hungarian swimming, in cooperation with Hungarian governments over the past two decades.
The Prime Minister's Press Chief said: "At the meeting, Mr. Orbán stressed that he is definitely counting on the sport diplomat's domestic and international efforts in the future, with special regard to this year's FINA World Championships and the 2020 European Aquatics Championships – both of which are being hosted by Hungary".
Hungarian Swimming Association Tamás Gyárfás
© Minden jog fenntartva, 2022. | archívum | impresszum


The Beauty Guru | Bush or Bare?
Makeup can be a little a taboo for lesbians. Is it just for femmes? Can you wear makeup if your a little butch? The answer is make-up can be for everyone.
And one look which certainly makes a statement for both butch and femmes is the Smokey Eye.
However, achieving a sophisticated rather than clownish look isn't always easy. Here is our ultimate how-to guide to the perfect smokey eyes.
Step 1: First, start with a primer as a base. A good primer applied to your entire eyelid will help enhance the color of your eye shawdow and keep it in place.
Step 2: Now select your shadow you want to use. You will need three colors: a shimmer that will work as a highlighter, a matte color that's a shade darker than your skin tone and a contour color which could be matte or shimmer. Choose shades that suit your natural eye color. For example, a deep shade of purple looks great with green eyes.
Step 3: After choosing your colors, apply your highlight color right below your eyebrows and at the inner corners of your eyelid.
Step 4: Now apply the matte color. Start along your lash line and apply the eye shadow towards the crease of your eyelid, blending it with highlight.
Step 5: After applying the matte color, it's time for the contour color. Once again start from your lash line up to the crease of your eyelid and blend it well with matte color to avoid any harsh line.
Step 6: Finally, apply eyeliner to the top and bottom of your lash line, followed by a few coats of mascara to give volume to your eyelashes.
Here you go! Your smokey eyes are perfected. To complete your look, apply a soft lip color and you are ready to go.