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Watch Your Back
14 February 2019 by jbchevrel
UniVision (UVN) spread was wider today (5y CDS +65 cash -1/-1.5pt), as Q4 results missed, and confirmed the downtrend in revenue. The 5y CDS now pays 550bp and looks like it is at an intermediate juncture between distressed and low-beta HY names. Audience trends are worsening (especially among target Spanish-speaking people). UVN has already lost its leading position to Comcast Corp (CMCS, IG, owns NBCUniversal, which itself owns Telemundo). Another patent-related story might also weigh on UVN sentiment. Indeed, UVN may have infringed DISH patents by using its technology that adapts the quality of streaming content based on available bandwidth, without paying a license. On the positive side of things. UVN has repaid $550m debt in 2018 incl $210m in 4Q, and according to management, the plan is to continue reduce debt, using FCF, in 2019. Another way to reduce debt could be asset sales. In particular, UVN announced plans to sell English-language digital assets. Last year, those assets contributed $2m to EBITDA. This is small compared to the potential sales proceeds (up to $100m). Management explicitly committed to use sales for debt payment. Sales are still pending, though. For now, Entreprise Value (8.5x) more than covers Net Debt (7.3x), which argues for a reversal towards 400s on the 5y CDS. But in the medium term, subscription losses and M&A uncertainty could prove challenging for credit.


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Home / 2019 / Tour announces new venue for Panasonic Open India
Tour announces new venue for Panasonic Open India
http://www.sports247.my/v1/2019/05/tour-announces-new-venue-panasonic-open-india">
The highly acclaimed US$400,000 Panasonic Open India will move to the Classic Golf and Country Club in Gurgaon when it returns to the Asian Tour for its ninth consecutive edition from November 14 to 17.
Dubbed as one of India's finest courses, the Classic Golf and Country Club is the first Jack Nicklaus Signature Golf Course in South Asia and it comprises of an 18-Hole Signature Championship Course as well as a 9-Hole Signature Canyon Course.
It also witnessed a slice of history in 2009 when Thailand's Chapchai Nirat recorded the world's lowest 72-hole score with a 32-under-par to win the third of his four Asian Tour titles then.
The then 25-year-old Thai had opened his campaign with two consecutive 10-under-par 62s before signing for a third-round 65 and a final-round 67, thanks to a closing birdie which helped him claim a commanding 11-shot victory.
Prior to hosting its first Asian Tour event in 2009, the Classic Golf and Country Club was home to the prestigious Indian Open in 2000 and 2001. Over the past few years, it has also played host to several tournaments on the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI).
The Panasonic Open India, staged previously at the Delhi Golf Club, celebrated worthy champions in Anirban Lahiri (2011), Digvijay Singh (2012), Australian Wade Ormsby (2013), S.S.P. Chawrasia (2014), Chiragh Kumar (2015), Mukesh Kumar (2016), Shiv Kapur (2017) and Khalin Joshi (2018).
It is also known to have jumpstarted the careers for many leading Indian players such as Lahiri. Since winning the inaugural edition, Lahiri has gone on to win six more titles and was crowned the 2014 Asian Tour Order of Merit champion. He is currently plying his trade on the PGA Tour.
Cho Minn Thant, Asian Tour Chief Operating Officer, said: "We are very excited to return to The Classic Golf and Country Club for the ninth staging of the Panasonic Open India this year. It has been 10 long years since we last held an event on that course and to head back to a course where our member Chapchai set a world record is really exciting news for us.
"Since its inauguration in 2011, the Panasonic Open India has produced many worthy champions over the years. We hope that we can continue to unearth new talents through this event," Cho added.
B.Hariharan , Managing Director of Landbase India Limited which owns and operates the Signature Golf Course, said: "We are delighted that the prestigious Panasonic Open India is being staged at the Classic Golf and Country Club and we look forward to working with key stakeholders to make this a memorable event."
Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI), the tournament continues to form part of the unique Panasonic Swing, an aggregate point race that spans five events where players have an opportunity to shoot for a share of the lucrative bonus pool.
India's Shiv Kapur topped the inaugural 2017/18 Panasonic Swing ranking with total points of 2922.90, thanks largely to his victory at the Panasonic Open India, which was his first Asian Tour victory on home soil and second win in 2017.
Kapur went on to win his fourth Asian Tour title at the Royal Cup in Thailand one month later and became the first and only player to win three times on the region's premier Tour that season.
The Panasonic Open India has been dominated by Indians since its inception. Australian Wade Ormsby remains the only non-Indian player to have won the tournament when he emerged victorious in 2013.
The Els Club Malaysia Invite Golfers to Stay and Learn
Hend continues to lead international success on the Asian Tour
Asian Tour Gives Its Endorsement to the JGTA
Raise Your Game with Under Armour Spieth 3
Magnificent six bound for the U.S. Open

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Home » MAA Publications » MAA Reviews » Gesammelte Abhandlungen - Collected Papers
Gesammelte Abhandlungen - Collected Papers
Springer Collected Works in Mathematics
The best mathematical biography on the market is, arguably, Constance Reid's Hilbert. To be sure, tastes can differ on this matter, but a strong case can be made for the thesis that, together with Weil's Apprenticeship of a Mathematician and Hardy's poignant if not tragic A Mathematician's Apology, the distinctive characteristics of mathematicians' lives are best conveyed here. The latter two autobiographical works are products of the pens of actual master practitioners of the art, and Reid was the sister of none other than Julia Robinson, whence also an insider in mathematical circles: guilty by association if not participation. Another property these three books have in common is the high quality of the prose in their pages. With Reid's book additionally providing an unsurpassed account of life at Göttingen's mathematics and physics departments in the first half of the twentieth century, her descriptions of sundry prominent members of Hilbert's circle (or ellipse, with Klein at the other focus) are particularly evocative. The galaxy of Göttingen's stars was phenomenal, of course, including Minkowski, Landau, Hecke, Artin, and Weyl, but none shone brighter than Emmy Noether.
Hilbert and Klein famously imported her, with her expertise in the theory of invariants, to aid in their researches in physics. She rather quickly established what is now one of the mainstays of modern physics, the physicists' Noether's theorem, to the effect that symmetries and invariants and conservation laws are ultimately part and parcel of the same thing (with apologies for putting it so profanely).
Noether, generously crediting Dedekind, was soon captivated by rather more abstract "pure" questions, leading to nothing less than what was not so long ago still called "modern algebra." Specifically, Noether took abstraction to a different level, unrelentingly championing the new axiomatic approach. And as she was moving down these untrodden roads she proved theorem after theorem — all of great beauty and depth. We have, for instance, "our" Noether's theorem, whose manifestations include the fundamental isomorphisms of group theory and (e. g.) the rank-nullity theorem of linear algebra. But there is so much more: division algebras, crossed products, proto-cohomology, and of course modern invariant theory. Regarding this latter, there is an amusing anecdote to be recounted (cf. p. 166 of Reid's book). Noether's doctorate was earned under the direction of Paul Gordan, the once "king of invariants," but as she matured as a mathematician and embraced a far more abstract methodology in her algebraic pursuits, she was wont to refer dismissively to her doctoral work, which contained a huge amount of formula-manipulation, as Formelgestrüpp, which translates to "a jungle of formulas."
Regarding invariant theory as such, it is the case that one of Hilbert's earliest breakthroughs was a solution of Gordan's Problem addressing the question of finite bases for invariant systems. Hilbert caused something of a stir by proving existence without constructing anything: the Hilbert basis theorem for polynomial rings over a suitably well-behaved integral domain like the integers (more generally any Noetherian ring) conveys the same spirit. Gordan's famous reaction to this revolution was the remark, Aber dass ist nicht Mathematik, dass ist Theologie! Says Reid, again on p. 166, that in the decade following her appearance in Göttingen "she was destined … to make Hilbert's 'theology' look like mathematics."
A propos, one more irresistible tale: Hilbert had an impossible time getting Emmy Noether appointed to the Göttingen faculty because of her sex, and counterarguments included that men coming home from the fighting in World War I should not be asked to return to their studies at the feet of a woman. Exasperated and furious, Hilbert replied to his faculty senate something to the effect of "but gentlemen, we are a mathematics faculty, not a bathhouse!"
All this having been said, I am ecstatic to have the book under review, Emmy Noether's Gesammelte Abhandlungen — Collected Papers, in my hands. I have idolized her since my undergraduate days, many years ago, ever since I came to connect the magical character of abstract algebra, as such, with this fabulous scholar. One of my favorite professors, the late Indian algebraic geometer and algebraist, C. Musili, teaching a terrific undergraduate linear algebra course, introduced the first isomorphism theorem for vector spaces as "Noether's Theorem" — and I was completely hooked. Thus, to have Noether's Werke before me is a pure pleasure.
The forty three papers in this compendium are in and of themselves a study in the evolution of a major mathematical movement and methodological approach, even as they contain marvelous individual results that broke new ground at the time of their publication. Beyond this, the first page of the book contains a facsimile of Noether's handwritten Lebenslauf, which is to say, her curriculum vitae, penned at the time of her writing of her doctoral dissertation under Gordan; it is accompanied by a translation — unlike the aforementioned forty three papers: the reader should be comfortable with German. The next entry is the Editor's Preface, the editor being none other than Nathan Jacobson (it's an algebraic bonanza!), and after that we're off to the races — in German, as indicated.
So there it is. Emmy Noether, after escaping the madness of the Third Reich, died in 1935 in Pennsylvania, having been recently appointed to a professorship at Bryn Mawr. She was only in her early fifties. In her short life she completely revolutionized higher algebra, and her Gesammelte Abhandlungen are a treasure.
Michael Berg is Professor of Mathematics at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, CA.
In Memory of Emmy Noether by P.S. Alexandrov
Introduction by N. Jacobson
43 papers of Emmy Noether
Vorlesung WS 1929/30
Classic Works


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The Italian author, courtier, and diplomat Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529) is known primarily for his "Book of the Courtier." This work, which portrays the ideal courtier, was a chief vehicle in spreading Italian humanism into England and France.
Baldassare Castiglione was born on Dec. 6, 1478, in Casatico in the province of Mantua of an illustrious Lombard family. After receiving a classical education in Mantua and in Milan, he served at the court of the Milanese duke Lodovico Sforza from 1496 to 1499. Castiglione then entered the service of Francesco Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua. In 1503 he fought with Gonzaga's forces against the Spanish in Naples. On his way north he visited Rome and Urbino; both cities fascinated him. His request to transfer to the court of Guidobaldo da Montefeltro at Urbino was grudgingly granted in 1504 by Gonzaga.
At Urbino, Guidobaldo's wife, Elizabetta, presided over the noble company depicted in the Libro del cortegiano(Book of the Courtier). Castiglione's service there gave him an entree into the court of Pope Julius II, where he became a friend of the artist Raphael. He was sent as ambassador to Henry VII of England and in 1513 was made Count of Nuvolara by Guidobaldo's successor, Francesco Maria della Rovere. Castiglione married in 1516 but became a cleric in 1521 after the death of his wife. In 1524 he was sent by Pope Clement VII as ambassador to Charles V in Spain--an unfortunate mission in that Castiglione reported wrongly the Emperor's intentions in the period leading up to the sack of Rome in 1527. Castiglione died in Toledo, Spain, on Feb. 7, 1529.
Published in 1528, though it was begun in 1507 and written mainly from 1513 to 1516, Castiglione's Book of the Courtier was a huge and immediate success. His idealized picture of society at the court of Urbino quickly became a book of etiquette for both the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy even beyond the confines of Italy. Translated into Spanish (1534), French (1537), English (1561), and German (1566), The Courtier saw some 40 editions in the 16th century alone and a hundred more by 1900. Through it, the broad values of Italian humanism--the ideal of the fully developed, well-rounded man, itself the rebirth of a classical ideal--were helped to spread throughout western Europe. Yet it must be admitted that in The Courtier the high qualities of humanitas--culture and virtue--are exalted not for themselves but as tools of self-advancement.
Dignified, melancholy, and idealistic (qualities that Raphael captured in his famous portrait), Castiglione tended not only to soften society's rough edges but also to avoid thorny practical and moral issues. For instance, he says of the Italians' recent poor reputation in arms, "It is better to pass in silence that which cannot be recalled without pain." As to the question of what a courtier should do when ordered by his prince to commit an immoral act such as murder, he states, "There would be too much to say; it must all be left to your discretion." Nevertheless, there is much that is positive in The Courtier; there is a lofty concept of human personality and dignity and of man's creative possibilities.
Castiglione's classical learning is deftly blended into the polite conversation of the courtiers and their ladies. His arguments in favor of literature are derived from those of Cicero in Pro Archia, and his description of the ideal courtier is strongly influenced by Cicero's Deoratore. The courtier should be noble, witty, pleasant, agile, a horseman and a warrior (his principal profession), and devoted to his prince. He should know Greek, Latin, French, and Spanish, and he should be skilled--though not ostentatiously so--in literature, music, painting, and dancing. The courtier's behavior should be characterized by grace and nonchalance (sprezzatura), and he should carefully avoid any affectation. As in Machiavelli and Guicciardini, there is a certain moral relativism: seeming is frequently more important than being.
Only a modest poet in both Italian and Latin, Castiglione wrote a fine sonnet on the ruins of Rome, Superbicolli e voi sacre ruine, which reappears in the Antiquités de Rome of Joachim du Bellay and in Edmund Spenser's Ruines of Rome. His poetry was published in 1760 and his letters in 1769 and 1771.
The most famous translation of The Book of the Courtier is by Sir Thomas Hoby (1561; many later editions); the most recent and readable, by Charles S. Singleton (1959). Castiglione's contribution to the Renaissance is described in Ralph Roeder, The Man of the Renaissance: Four Lawgivers, Savonarola, Machiavelli, Castiglione, Aretino (1933). See also Julia Cartwright, Baldassare Castiglione, the Perfect Courtier: His Life and Letters, 1478-1529 (2 vols., 1908), and Ernest Hatch Wilkins, A History of Italian Literature (1954).


publications when it comes to reprint delivery methods.
publication's reprint format. "I'd say our reprints are 75-25 hard copy to electronic."
paper – the e-print is more of a complement to that."
e-prints has been close to nil. "We're mostly 100 percent paper,"
digital editions. "We could do a better job with those," he adds, glumly.
that article right away!' a lot."
e-print networks to better enable research and studies.
of subjects including mathematics, physical sciences and biotechnology.
heavily on text books as a source for reprint revenues.
requests come in quite regularly."
the readers in their continuing education pursuits.
Another audience seeking book-based reprints is the magazine writers themselves.
Shock Cinema articles into possible best-sellers.
"A lot of our writers are doing book proposals," says Steve Puchalski, publisher and editor.
"They're interested in reprinting their interviews from the magazine into their books."
to reprinting their magazine pieces in their future books.
"As long as they plugShock Cinema, I'm all for it!" exclaims Puchalski.
free reprints – albeit with clearly defined parameters.
distributed solely for educational purposes.
marketing director. "We are getting this helpful information out to people who can utilize it.
skewer their coverage of pharmaceutical product trials in order to curry reprint profits.
from which they come. The quality of the journal will bless the quality of the drug."
owners;including academic societies;depend on profits from their journals.
budget by firing an editor."
should not be encouraged by any responsible publisher.
says. "And it is not a pursuit here."


The week the Senate debated a bill that would revoke health care for millions, I was trying to feed my son, who was wailing from hunger. A tube extended up his tiny nose, pumping breast milk and extra calories into his belly. I rubbed his cheek, careful not to disturb the tape holding the tube in place. The fortified milk upset his stomach; he cried and vomited and cried again—a pained, scared sound. I shut off the feed and let him fall asleep against my chest. I knew he'd lose weight if he couldn't finish his feedings, but I couldn't bear to hear him cry like that.
I always knew parenting would be difficult and full of surprises. But I've lost track of everything I didn't expect. A partial list: Going into early labor and meeting my son two and a half months early. Becoming a NICU mom and befriending all of the nurses in the secret hope that they'd take the best care of my son. Bringing him home on a feeding tube and having to hold him down every few days while I pushed the tube up his nose and into his stomach. Waking up at night, terrified that one day my husband and I won't be able to afford to make him better.
Being born prematurely is a preexisting condition. My baby arrived ten weeks early, earning him the dubious distinction of "extremely premature" and placing him at risk for a whole host of developmental delays and health complications. Had he stayed in my body, conservatives in Congress might have claimed to value his unborn life. But once he was out in the world, they tried to strip every regulation and protection that could keep him healthy and give him a fair shot at life.
And prematurity was only the first hurdle. One week after he was born, doctors discovered another condition: My tiny baby had a not-tiny hole in his heart. It had nothing to do with being premature, the doctors said; the hole likely appeared in my ninth week of pregnancy. Before my son was formed, the hole was there. It preexisted.
I paid close attention as politicians debated the future of health care to distract myself from the fear that dogged my every moment. The following week, a cardiac surgeon would crack open my baby's sternum and perform open-heart surgery to repair the hole. We would endure another hospital stay, another round of waiting in terror. Parenting, I have already learned, consists of bright flashes of brilliant joy followed by long nights of anguish.
I, too, was born with a preexisting condition. My uterus is split in two. It's called a bicornuate or subseptate uterus. Some versions of the condition are treatable with major surgery; others are not.
I found out about my uterus in college, but for years I either didn't have insurance or couldn't afford the copays to treat it. Last year, I finally began seeing doctors to assess surgical options when I received some startling news: I was already pregnant.
It's likely that my condition had something to do with my preterm labor and delivery. It was easier for my son to kick through the amniotic sac and break my water early. I spent two and a half weeks on hospital bed rest. I could get up, slowly and carefully, and wheel my IV tower to and from the bathroom, but that was the extent of my physical activity. One week in, I was allowed a five-minute shower; it was one of the greatest pleasures of my life. I spent my hours watching the tree outside my window slowly form buds, as the days alternated between the gray downpour and sunny blaze of D.C. in springtime. I kept my hands spread on my diminished belly and whispered to him: It's not time yet, be a good boy, stay and grow stay and grow stay and grow .
Finally, an infection of the placenta brought my son into the world one day shy of thirty weeks. He spent the first nine weeks of his life in a hospital bed, most of it in neonatal intensive care. My husband and I were beside ourselves with joy when we finally brought him home—and wracked with fear as we began caring for him full-time. We spent ten to twelve hours a day feeding him and soothing him so that he could keep food down, administering meds to drain fluid from his lungs and keep his heart running efficiently.
The hole, about four millimeters wide, allowed blood to push against his lungs and make his heart and his lungs work overtime. He took at least seventy breaths a minute, double the normal rate; essentially, he was hyperventilating all the time. It was hard work, and he wasn't gaining weight like other babies his age—even adjusting for prematurity, even though we pumped extra calories into his belly at every meal.
I thought about that sometimes when I watched him sleep, when I saw his chest rise and fall in quick staccato breaths. Another condition of parenthood: believing your baby is perfect, and fearing the day you are proven wrong.
The weeks after we brought our baby home were some of the most difficult of my life, but the biggest challenge lay ahead. I was terrified of all the potential risks of open-heart surgery on an infant: fear that his heart will stop functioning on its own and he would need a pacemaker; fear that the blood transfusions he needed will infuse him with some as-yet-unknown disease; fear that he would acquire an infection. Other, darker fears I couldn't bring myself to name. Thankfully, the surgery went well, and now our son is thriving.
Given this, it sometimes seems wrong, so petty and inconsequential, to worry about medical bills. We were lucky: We had good insurance through my husband's employer, although "good insurance" still meant significant copays and the fear of uncovered expenses. But every time I hear a Republican lawmaker railing against Obamacare and its protections for people with preexisting conditions, people like my son, I worry that this surgery will be the last one we can afford. I am terrified that one day we will feel forced to choose—as if it were a choice—not to pursue a treatment he needs because we can no longer pay for it. I worry that one day no insurance company will cover him because he already hit, in the first few weeks of his life, the dollar amount they are willing to spend to keep him alive.
My son cannot yet take care of himself; that's a job for us: the team of doctors and nurses who care for him; my husband and me, who will move heaven and earth to comfort him; our family and friends, who will support us in every way they can. And the lawmakers who might hold our baby's life in their hands. I pray they feel its weight.
Melody Schreiber is a freelance journalist who has reported from nearly every continent, covering everything from the effects of climate change on mental health in the Arctic to the changing tides of livelihoods in the Chesapeake Bay. Her articles, essays, and reviews have been published by The Washington Post, The Guardian, The Atlantic, STAT News, The Toast, and elsewhere; and her fiction has appeared in District Lines, Magical: An Anthology, and Abundant Grace. She is working on an anthology of essays about premature birth.
For seven years, I lived afraid of my own mind, only to learn it had been a mistake.


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John Lund
A Study of the Circulation of Ceramics in Cyprus from the 3rd Century BC to the 3rd Century AD read book
A Study of the Circulation of Ceramics in Cyprus from the 3rd Century BC to the 3rd Century AD
Author:John Lund
From the series: Gosta Enbom Monographs #5
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This is the first monograph devoted solely to the ceramics of Cyprus in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. The island was by then no longer divided into kingdoms but unified politically, first under Ptolemaic Egypt and later as a province in the Roman Empire. Submission to foreign rule was previously thought to have diluted – if not obliterated – the time-honoured distinctive Cypriot character. The ceramic evidence suggests otherwise. The distribution of local and imported pottery in Cyprus points to the existence of several regional exchange networks, a division that also seems reflected by other evidence. The similarities in material culture, exchange patterns and preferential practices are suggestive of a certain level of regional collective self-awareness. From the 1st century BC onwards, Cyprus became increasingly engulfed by mass produced and standardized ceramic fine wares, which seem ultimately to have put many of the indigenous makers of similar products out of business – or forced them to modify their output. Also, the ceramic record gradually became less diverse during the Roman Period than before – developments which we today might be inclined to view as symptoms of an early form of globalisation.
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The Husum Red Pied (German: Rotbuntes Husumer) is a rare breed of domestic pig with the nickname Danish Protest pig (German: Husumer Protestschwein and Danish: Husum protestsvin or danske protestsvin). It originates from North Frisia in Southern Schleswig in the beginning of the 20th century, when Danes living in the area under Prussian rule were prohibited from raising the Danish flag and displayed the Protest Pig instead. Due to its red color, its broad white vertical belt, and a trace of a white horizontal belt resembling the colors of the flag of Denmark, it was made a symbol of their cultural identity.

The breed grows to a height of about  and weighs up to 350 kg. It was probably created out of Holsteinian and Jutlandian marsh pigs, the English Tamworth pig, and red variants of the Angeln Saddleback. It was recognized as a breed in 1954, but after a last birth in 1968, the breed was considered extinct.

Only in 1984 were pigs fully corresponding to the descriptions of the breed seen again. Associations of breeders continue to breed it and to register existing pigs of this breed. Breeding populations exist in the Berlin Zoological Garden, the Hanover Zoo, the Tierpark Arche Warder near Kiel, in the ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen, in Dalmsdorf (Mecklenburg), Hof Lütjensee, and on the Archehof Blumencron. The Dortmund Zoo and the Tierpark Krüzen house small populations too. At the moment, around 140 specimens are alive worldwide. The German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein supports preservation of the breed for its cultural value.

References

External links
Homepage of the breeders association (German)
Portrait of the breed (German)
Hanover Zoo page on the Danish Protest Pig

Pig breeds originating in Germany
Animal breeds on the GEH Red List

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
// Compatibility symbols for previous versions -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#include <bits/c++config.h>

#if defined(_GLIBCXX_SYMVER_GNU) && defined(_GLIBCXX_SHARED) \
    && defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_AS_SYMVER_DIRECTIVE)\
    && defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_SYMVER_SYMBOL_RENAMING_RUNTIME_SUPPORT)
#define istreambuf_iterator istreambuf_iteratorXX
#define basic_fstream basic_fstreamXX
#define basic_ifstream basic_ifstreamXX
#define basic_ofstream basic_ofstreamXX
#define _M_copy(a, b, c) _M_copyXX(a, b, c)
#define _M_move(a, b, c) _M_moveXX(a, b, c)
#define _M_assign(a, b, c) _M_assignXX(a, b, c)
#define _M_disjunct(a) _M_disjunctXX(a)
#define _M_check_length(a, b, c) _M_check_lengthXX(a, b, c)
#define _M_set_length_and_sharable(a) _M_set_length_and_sharableXX(a)
#define ignore ignoreXX
#define eq eqXX
#define _List_node_base _List_node_baseXX
#endif

#include <string>
#include <istream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <ext/numeric_traits.h>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  // std::istream ignore explicit specializations.
  template<>
    basic_istream<char>&
    basic_istream<char>::
    ignore(streamsize __n)
    {
      if (__n == 1)
	return ignore();

      _M_gcount = 0;
      sentry __cerb(*this, true);
      if ( __n > 0 && __cerb)
	{
	  ios_base::iostate __err = ios_base::goodbit;
	  __try
	    {
	      const int_type __eof = traits_type::eof();
	      __streambuf_type* __sb = this->rdbuf();
	      int_type __c = __sb->sgetc();

	      // See comment in istream.tcc.
	      bool __large_ignore = false;
	      while (true)
		{
		  while (_M_gcount < __n
			 && !traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		    {
		      streamsize __size = std::min(streamsize(__sb->egptr()
							      - __sb->gptr()),
					          streamsize(__n - _M_gcount));
		      if (__size > 1)
			{
			  __sb->__safe_gbump(__size);
			  _M_gcount += __size;
			  __c = __sb->sgetc();
			}
		      else
			{
			  ++_M_gcount;
			  __c = __sb->snextc();
			}
		    }
		  if (__n == __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__max
		      && !traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		    {
		      _M_gcount =
			__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__min;
		      __large_ignore = true;
		    }
		  else
		    break;
		}

	      if (__large_ignore)
		_M_gcount = __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__max;

	      if (traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
	    }
	  __catch(__cxxabiv1::__forced_unwind&)
	    {
	      this->_M_setstate(ios_base::badbit);
	      __throw_exception_again;
	    }
	  __catch(...)
	    { this->_M_setstate(ios_base::badbit); }
	  if (__err)
	    this->setstate(__err);
	}
      return *this;
    }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  template<>
    basic_istream<wchar_t>&
    basic_istream<wchar_t>::
    ignore(streamsize __n)
    {
      if (__n == 1)
	return ignore();

      _M_gcount = 0;
      sentry __cerb(*this, true);
      if (__n > 0 && __cerb)
	{
	  ios_base::iostate __err = ios_base::goodbit;
	  __try
	    {
	      const int_type __eof = traits_type::eof();
	      __streambuf_type* __sb = this->rdbuf();
	      int_type __c = __sb->sgetc();

	      bool __large_ignore = false;
	      while (true)
		{
		  while (_M_gcount < __n
			 && !traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		    {
		      streamsize __size = std::min(streamsize(__sb->egptr()
							      - __sb->gptr()),
						  streamsize(__n - _M_gcount));
		      if (__size > 1)
			{
			  __sb->__safe_gbump(__size);
			  _M_gcount += __size;
			  __c = __sb->sgetc();
			}
		      else
			{
			  ++_M_gcount;
			  __c = __sb->snextc();
			}
		    }
		  if (__n == __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__max
		      && !traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		    {
		      _M_gcount =
			__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__min;
		      __large_ignore = true;
		    }
		  else
		    break;
		}

	      if (__large_ignore)
		_M_gcount = __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<streamsize>::__max;

	      if (traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, __eof))
		__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
	    }
	  __catch(__cxxabiv1::__forced_unwind&)
	    {
	      this->_M_setstate(ios_base::badbit);
	      __throw_exception_again;
	    }
	  __catch(...)
	    { this->_M_setstate(ios_base::badbit); }
	  if (__err)
	    this->setstate(__err);
	}
      return *this;
    }
#endif

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std

// NB: These symbols renames should go into the shared library only,
// and only those shared libraries that support versioning.
#if defined(_GLIBCXX_SYMVER_GNU) && defined(_GLIBCXX_SHARED) \
    && defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_AS_SYMVER_DIRECTIVE) \
    && defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_SYMVER_SYMBOL_RENAMING_RUNTIME_SUPPORT)

/* gcc-3.4.4
_ZNSt19istreambuf_iteratorIcSt11char_traitsIcEEppEv
_ZNSt19istreambuf_iteratorIwSt11char_traitsIwEEppEv
 */

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  template
    istreambuf_iterator<char>&
    istreambuf_iterator<char>::operator++();

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  template
    istreambuf_iterator<wchar_t>&
    istreambuf_iterator<wchar_t>::operator++();
#endif

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std

/* gcc-4.0.0
_ZNSs4_Rep26_M_set_length_and_sharableEj
_ZNSs7_M_copyEPcPKcj
_ZNSs7_M_moveEPcPKcj
_ZNSs9_M_assignEPcjc
_ZNKSs11_M_disjunctEPKc
_ZNKSs15_M_check_lengthEjjPKc
_ZNSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE4_Rep26_M_set_length_and_sharableEj
_ZNSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE7_M_copyEPwPKwj
_ZNSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE7_M_moveEPwPKwj
_ZNSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE9_M_assignEPwjw
_ZNKSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE11_M_disjunctEPKw
_ZNKSbIwSt11char_traitsIwESaIwEE15_M_check_lengthEjjPKc

_ZNKSt13basic_fstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7is_openEv
_ZNKSt13basic_fstreamIwSt11char_traitsIwEE7is_openEv
_ZNKSt14basic_ifstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7is_openEv
_ZNKSt14basic_ifstreamIwSt11char_traitsIwEE7is_openEv
_ZNKSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7is_openEv
_ZNKSt14basic_ofstreamIwSt11char_traitsIwEE7is_openEv

_ZNSi6ignoreEi
_ZNSi6ignoreEv
_ZNSt13basic_istreamIwSt11char_traitsIwEE6ignoreEi
_ZNSt13basic_istreamIwSt11char_traitsIwEE6ignoreEv

_ZNSt11char_traitsIcE2eqERKcS2_
_ZNSt11char_traitsIwE2eqERKwS2_
 */
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  // std::char_traits is explicitly specialized
  bool (* __p1)(const char&, const char&) = &char_traits<char>::eq;

  // std::string
  template
    void
    basic_string<char>::_M_copy(char*, const char*, size_t);

  template
    void
    basic_string<char>::_M_move(char*, const char*, size_t);

  template
    void
    basic_string<char>::_M_assign(char*, size_t, char);

  template
    bool
    basic_string<char>::_M_disjunct(const char*) const;

  template
    void
    basic_string<char>::_M_check_length(size_t, size_t, const char*) const;

  template
    void
    basic_string<char>::_Rep::_M_set_length_and_sharable(size_t);

  // std::istream
  template
    basic_istream<char>&
    basic_istream<char>::ignore();

  template
    bool
    basic_fstream<char>::is_open() const;

  template
    bool
    basic_ifstream<char>::is_open() const;

  template
    bool
    basic_ofstream<char>::is_open() const;

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  bool (* __p2)(const wchar_t&, const wchar_t&) = &char_traits<wchar_t>::eq;

  // std::wstring
  template
    void
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_M_copy(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t);

  template
    void
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_M_move(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t);

  template
    void
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_M_assign(wchar_t*, size_t, wchar_t);

  template
    bool
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_M_disjunct(const wchar_t*) const;

  template
    void
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_M_check_length(size_t, size_t,
					   const char*) const;

  template
    void
    basic_string<wchar_t>::_Rep::_M_set_length_and_sharable(size_t);

  template
    basic_istream<wchar_t>&
    basic_istream<wchar_t>::ignore();

  template
    bool
    basic_fstream<wchar_t>::is_open() const;

  template
    bool
    basic_ifstream<wchar_t>::is_open() const;

  template
    bool
    basic_ofstream<wchar_t>::is_open() const;
#endif

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std

// The rename syntax for default exported names is
//   asm (".symver name1,exportedname@GLIBCXX_3.4")
//   asm (".symver name2,exportedname@@GLIBCXX_3.4.5")
// In the future, GLIBCXX_ABI > 6 should remove all uses of
// _GLIBCXX_*_SYMVER macros in this file.

#define _GLIBCXX_3_4_SYMVER(XXname, name) \
   extern "C" void \
   _X##name() \
   __attribute__ ((alias(#XXname))); \
   asm (".symver " "_X" #name "," #name "@GLIBCXX_3.4");

#define _GLIBCXX_3_4_5_SYMVER(XXname, name) \
   extern "C" void \
   _Y##name() \
   __attribute__ ((alias(#XXname))); \
   asm (".symver " "_Y" #name  "," #name "@@GLIBCXX_3.4.5");

#define _GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(cur, old, version) \
   asm (".symver " #cur "," #old "@@" #version);

#define _GLIBCXX_APPLY_SYMVER _GLIBCXX_3_4_SYMVER
#include <bits/compatibility.h>
#undef _GLIBCXX_APPLY_SYMVER

#define _GLIBCXX_APPLY_SYMVER _GLIBCXX_3_4_5_SYMVER
#include <bits/compatibility.h>
#undef _GLIBCXX_APPLY_SYMVER

/* gcc-3.4.0
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base4hookEPS0_;
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base4swapERS0_S1_;
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base6unhookEv;
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base7reverseEv;
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base8transferEPS0_S1_;
*/
#include "list.cc"
_GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(_ZNSt8__detail17_List_node_baseXX7_M_hookEPS0_, \
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base4hookEPS0_, \
GLIBCXX_3.4)

_GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(_ZNSt8__detail17_List_node_baseXX4swapERS0_S1_, \
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base4swapERS0_S1_, \
GLIBCXX_3.4)

_GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(_ZNSt8__detail17_List_node_baseXX9_M_unhookEv, \
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base6unhookEv, \
GLIBCXX_3.4)

_GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(_ZNSt8__detail17_List_node_baseXX10_M_reverseEv, \
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base7reverseEv, \
GLIBCXX_3.4)

_GLIBCXX_ASM_SYMVER(_ZNSt8__detail17_List_node_baseXX11_M_transferEPS0_S1_, \
_ZN10__gnu_norm15_List_node_base8transferEPS0_S1_, \
GLIBCXX_3.4)
#undef _List_node_base

// gcc-4.1.0
// Long double versions of "C" math functions.
#if defined (_GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT) \
    || (defined (__arm__) && defined (__linux__) && defined (__ARM_EABI__)) \
    || (defined (__hppa__) && defined (__linux__)) \
    || (defined (__m68k__) && defined (__mcoldfire__) && defined (__linux__)) \
    || (defined (__mips__) && defined (_ABIO32) && defined (__linux__)) \
    || (defined (__sh__) && defined (__linux__) && __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ == 4) \

#define _GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER(name, argdecl, args, ver) \
extern "C" double						\
__ ## name ## l_wrapper argdecl					\
{								\
  return name args;						\
}								\
asm (".symver __" #name "l_wrapper, " #name "l@" #ver)

#define _GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1(name, ver) \
  _GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER (name, (double x), (x), ver)

#define _GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER2(name, ver) \
  _GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER (name, (double x, double y), (x, y), ver)

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_ACOSL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (acos, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_ASINL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (asin, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_ATAN2L
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER2 (atan2, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_ATANL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (atan, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_CEILL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (ceil, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_COSHL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (cosh, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_COSL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (cos, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_EXPL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (exp, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_FLOORL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (floor, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_FMODL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER2 (fmod, GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_FREXPL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER (frexp, (double x, int *y), (x, y), GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_HYPOTL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER2 (hypot, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_LDEXPL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER (ldexp, (double x, int y), (x, y), GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_LOG10L
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (log10, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_LOGL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (log, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_MODFL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER (modf, (double x, double *y), (x, y), GLIBCXX_3.4.3);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_POWL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER2 (pow, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_SINHL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (sinh, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_SINL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (sin, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_SQRTL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (sqrt, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_TANHL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (tanh, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_TANL
_GLIBCXX_MATHL_WRAPPER1 (tan, GLIBCXX_3.4);
#endif
#endif // _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT

#endif

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT
extern void *_ZTVN10__cxxabiv123__fundamental_type_infoE[];
extern void *_ZTVN10__cxxabiv119__pointer_type_infoE[];
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const char _ZTSe[2] = "e";
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const char _ZTSPe[3] = "Pe";
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const char _ZTSPKe[4] = "PKe";
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const void * const _ZTIe[2]
  = { reinterpret_cast<const void *>
      (&_ZTVN10__cxxabiv123__fundamental_type_infoE[2]),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(_ZTSe) };
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const void * const _ZTIPe[4]
  = { reinterpret_cast<const void *>
      (&_ZTVN10__cxxabiv119__pointer_type_infoE[2]),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(_ZTSPe),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(0L),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(_ZTIe) };
extern __attribute__((used, weak)) const void * const _ZTIPKe[4]
  = { reinterpret_cast<const void *>
      (&_ZTVN10__cxxabiv119__pointer_type_infoE[2]),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(_ZTSPKe),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(1L),
      reinterpret_cast<const void *>(_ZTIe) };
#endif // _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYMVER_DARWIN
#if (defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__)) && defined(_GLIBCXX_SHARED)
/* __eprintf shouldn't have been made visible from libstdc++, or
   anywhere, but on Mac OS X 10.4 it was defined in
   libstdc++.6.0.3.dylib; so on that platform we have to keep defining
   it to keep binary compatibility.  We can't just put the libgcc
   version in the export list, because that doesn't work; once a
   symbol is marked as hidden, it stays that way.  */

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

extern "C" void
__eprintf(const char *string, const char *expression,
	  unsigned int line, const char *filename)
{
  fprintf(stderr, string, expression, line, filename);
  fflush(stderr);
  abort();
}
#endif
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
//// [typeParameterIndirectlyConstrainedToItself.ts]
class C<U extends T, T extends U> { }
class C2<T extends U, U extends V, V extends T> { }

interface I<U extends T, T extends U> { }
interface I2<T extends U, U extends V, V extends T> { }

function f<U extends T, T extends U>() { }
function f2<T extends U, U extends V, V extends T>() { }

var a: {
    <U extends T, T extends U>(): void;
    <T extends U, U extends V, V extends T>(): void;
}

var b = <U extends T, T extends U>() => { }
var b2 = <T extends U, U extends V, V extends T>() => { }

class D<U extends T, T extends V, V extends T> { }

// Repro from #25740

type Foo<T> = [T] extends [number] ? {} : {};
function foo<S extends Foo<S>>() {}

//// [typeParameterIndirectlyConstrainedToItself.js]
var C = /** @class */ (function () {
    function C() {
    }
    return C;
}());
var C2 = /** @class */ (function () {
    function C2() {
    }
    return C2;
}());
function f() { }
function f2() { }
var a;
var b = function () { };
var b2 = function () { };
var D = /** @class */ (function () {
    function D() {
    }
    return D;
}());
function foo() { }


Native cooking can rival any cuisine on the planet. From basic frybread to complex game dishes that integrate european ingredients native dishes are continually evolving.
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South american corn cakes. Breads bagels buns cakes muffins english muffins bulk coffee certified organic bulk coffee la habra la habra bakery la habra california manufactures. Food recipes. Breads buns donuts english muffins layton dough layton dough bakery.
Francis heaney and brendan emmett quigley two of the best in the biz have teamed up for drunk crosswordsgrab yourself a copy today. You can find this cornmealflour in latin food stores labeled masarepa or masa al instante. The mosaic is baffling in its complexity.
In some parts of the south it is crumbled into a glass of cold milk or buttermilk and eaten with a spoon and it is also widely eaten with barbecue and chili con carne. The tribal cultures of south america are so various that they cannot be adequately summarized in a brief space. Grits is a food made from a dish of boiled cornmeal.
Clackamas clackamas bakery clackamas oregon manufactures. Cornbread is a common bread in united states cuisine particularly associated with the south and southwest as well as being a traditional staple for populations where wheat flour was more expensive. Grits is often served with other flavorings as a breakfast dish usually savory.
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The cultures have interpenetrated one another as a. The dish originated in the southern united states but now is available nationwide and is popular as the. Welcome to our food page.
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This article illustrates how the potential of recognition-based politics to achieve distributive justice is determined by political structures and the power relations that constitute them. In response to Nancy Fraser's framework of social justice, it shows that the meaningful coordination of identity-based claims with distributive justice is constrained — not only by the content of the claims themselves, but also because redistributive demands are subverted through competing pursuits for power and legitimacy between rival political factions. The article describes how the separate-state movement for Jharkhand in Eastern India was de-radicalized by three instruments, namely, the reservation system, cultural nationalism and state development discourse. This explains why distributive measures do not feature prominently in the Jharkhand state and why recognition politics has taken a disciplined form in the electoral mainstream while distributive politics continues to be pursued through violent and extra-parliamentary means.


Congressman Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), a long-standing backer of marijuana legalization, released a memo, Blueprint to Legalize Marijuana, that outlines actions that the Democratic party must take to end marijuana prohibition in the U.S. in 2019.
Bipartisan support for marijuana law reform is steadily increasing, and Blumenauer hopes that the new session beginning in January will allow hearings regarding marijuana law reform to occur rather quickly.
Blumenauer is calling on party members to introduce legislation to the House floor no later than August 2019. By September 2019, he wants to see efforts to completely deschedule marijuana taking place.


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Fields, Programs & Working Groups
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UW History Alumni & Emeritus Receive WHA Awards
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Alumnus Gregory Jones-Katz Publishes New Book
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Q&A with Professor Paige Glotzer About Redlining Policies in Madison
Professor Paige Glotzer was interviewed by The Capital Times this week about the history of redlining and housing segregation in Madison, WI. "The criteria of redlining, which included race, became the criteria for essentially urban …
The Department of History is excited to welcome three new faculty members – Simon Balto, Marcella Hayes, and Matt Villeneuve! Simon Balto joins us as a historian of the twentieth-century United States, with a particular …
Alumnus John Gripentrog Publishes New Book
Congratulations to alumnus John Gripentrog (Ph.D. 2006) on the publication of his new book, Prelude to Pearl Harbor: Ideology and Culture in US-Japan Relations, 1919-1941 (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021). "Reconsidering the origins of World War …
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Doria Dee Johnson Lecture in History and Social Justice


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Undocumented students reminded to seek legal status
Fiery Jerry Jones responds to fans calling for shades at stadium
News // Houston & Texas
If they do so, they get tuition break
Gary Scharrer, Staff writer
AUSTIN — Undocumented students who get in-state tuition rates at Texas community colleges and universities will get annual reminders about their obligation to seek legal status in exchange for the break in their education expenses.
The Texas Higher Education Board voted unanimously Thursday to tweak the policy for tuition breaks that can save students about half the cost of college tuition and fees. Undocumented students who qualify for in-state tuition rates must sign an affidavit pledging to pursue legal status, but there has been no formal follow-up since Texas lawmakers approved the tuition deal in 2001.
Colleges now will be required to remind students every year and again when they graduate.
The policy review had started before Gov. Rick Perry angered some fellow Republicans during his presidential campaign last fall when he said critics lack a heart if they do not understand the benefits of helping to educate undocumented students who were brought into the state when they were young children. Perry's GOP rivals pounced on him for giving "preferential treatment … to illegals."
Lack of follow-up
About 16,000 undocumented students take advantage of in-state tuition rates, including 12,028 at community colleges, based on 2010 statistics, the most recent compiled by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board.
The overall number represents about 1 percent of the enrollment at Texas public universities and colleges.
CALIFORNIA / State sued over policy on tuition
Colleges currently collect the affidavits, but the lack of follow-up influenced board members to tweak their rules "to provide greater assurances to Texas taxpayers and the Legislature that both the institutions and the students are fulfilling their obligation under the law," coordinating board spokesman Dominic Chavez said.
Colleges now will be required to maintain the affidavits and remind students each year of their pledge to seek legal status "to make sure students are very clearly aware of their obligation," Chavez said.
Student qualifications
The typical in-state student pays about $7,200 a year in tuition and fees at a four-year institution, compared with $17,000 for an out-of-state student, Chavez said. The typical community college student pays about $2,200 a year for in-state tuition and fees, and about $4,800 if they are from outside Texas.
An undocumented student can qualify for the in-state rate by proving he graduated from a Texas high school and attended school for three consecutive years. Students also have to provide proof that they lived in Texas for one year before enrolling.
"It just makes it more present on the student's mind, and it just makes them go through with the obligation that they knew they would have to do at the end of the day," said Amir Barzin, the student representative on the nine-member higher education Board.
Barzin, in his final year of medical school at the University of North Texas Health Science Center, said he can relate to the process because he became a naturalized citizen 12 years ago.
Exposing status
The only part of the policy change raising concern involved the potential dilemma for students whose contact with federal immigration officials could result in them exposing their undocumented status.
The Mexican American Legal and Educational Fund worked with state officials in tweaking the in-state tuition policy, said Luis Figueroa, a staff attorney at MALDEF.
An informal agreement will ensure "that a student who is not eligible for adjustment status would not be sent to a federal agency," Figueroa said.
Students can pursue legal status by acquiring a visa, which often requires a unique skill set and employer petition, Figueroa said. Acquiring legal permanent residency is more difficult and generally requires a company to sponsor the applicant.
gscharrer@express-news.net
Gary Scharrer
Gary Scharrer is a reporter with the San Antonio Express-News.
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Bluestone Lane is an international coffee company opening its second outpost in Santa Monica, CA. This store is a micro location within a larger newly renovated creative campus, has a walk up window serving a small menu in its 275 square foot print. The small foot print has a big impact with the floor to ceiling glass windows.