Review posted October 2, 2013.
Disney Hyperion Books, New York, 2013. 390 pages.
What a marvelous adventure this book provides! I'm not surprised -- Jonathan Stroud is the author of the Bartimaeus books, so I knew he's a brilliant writer. This new series is wholly different, but as clever and as much fun. The Screaming Staircase is the first of a new series, but the story is entirely complete. Instead of tantalizing the reader with unfinished plot threads, "Book One" is a happy promise that we will see more of Lucy and Lockwood and George.
For decades, Britain has been plagued by the Problem.
If you look in old newspapers, like George does all the time, you can find mentions of scattered ghostly sightings cropping up in Kent and Sussex around the middle of the last century. But it was a decade or so later that a bloody series of cases, such as the Highgate Terror and the Mud Lane Phantom, attracted serious attention. In each instance, a sudden outbreak of supernatural phenomena was followed by a number of gruesome deaths. Conventional investigations came to nothing, and one or two policemen also died. At last two young researchers, Tom Rotwell and Marissa Fittes, managed to trace each haunting to its respective Source (in the case of the Terror, a bricked-up skull; in that of the Phantom, a highwayman's body staked out at a crossroads). Their success drew great acclaim; and for the first time, the existence of Visitors was firmly imprinted on the public mind.
In the years that followed, many other hauntings started to come to light, first in London and the south, then slowly spreading across the country. An atmosphere of widespread panic developed. There were riots and demonstrations; churches and mosques did excellent business as people sought to save their souls. Soon both Fittes and Rotwell launched psychic agencies to cope with the demand, leading the way for a host of lesser rivals. Finally the government itself took action, issuing curfews at nightfall, and rolling out production of ghost-lamps in major cities.
None of this actually solved the Problem, of course. The best that could be said was that, as time passed, the country got used to living with the new reality. Adult citizens kept their head down, made sure their houses were well stocked with iron, and left it to the agencies to contain the supernatural threat. The agencies, in turn, sought the best operatives. And, because extreme psychic sensitivity is almost exclusively found in the very young, this meant that whole generations of children, like me, found themselves becoming part of the front line.
Lucy Carlyle has recently joined the smallest such agency in London, Lockwood & Co., run by Anthony Lockwood, with help from George Cubbins. They operate without adult supervision, and they all have psychic abilities. The book opens with a case that goes rather wrong -- in finding the Source of a manifestation, Lucy inadvertently burns down the client's house, though they do find a body bricked up in the wall, which explains the haunting.
Besides a rollicking adventure tale, as the three fight to contain Visitors, there is also a mystery (Who killed the Visitor?) and of course a deadline, as they must pay for the client's house before their agency is disbanded. The first haunting is just a taste for their later adventure in one of the most haunted houses in England.
There's real danger facing the agency. No one who has faced the Screaming Staircase at night has ever lived to tell about it. The ghosts haunting England, are, for the most part, distinctly unfriendly.
And of course we have the fantasy of kids running their own agency. After all, adults lose any psychic sensitivity. The interaction between the three is half the fun of the book, as they work together to get the job done.
You've got adventure, suspense, mystery, humor, ghosts, and even swordplay. (Silver-tipped rapiers are one of the best ways to protect yourself from ghosts.) I thoroughly enjoyed every moment spent reading this book. I'm going to be watching to see if it comes out on audio, because the only thing that would make it better would be getting to experience it all over again with a British accent reading it to me.


text:
Mongolia Journals Online
Mongolian Journal of Chemistry
Vol 12 (2011) /
Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch.
N Tsevegsuren National University of Mongolia
P Proksch Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf
Y Wang Peking University
G Davaakhuu National University of Mongolia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177
Keywords: Quinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroylquinic acid
Chromatographic separation of the crude extract obtained from the aerial parts of the Mongolian medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata yielded five new dihydrostilbenes [4], two new flavonoids, one new quinic acid derivative, as well as twenty known compounds including eight quinic acid derivatives, four flavonoids, two coumarins, five simple benzoic acids, and one monoterpene glycoside. We present here results on isolation and structural identification some active phenolic compounds from the Scorzonera radiata - eight quinic acid derivatives (quinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (trans), 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (cis)). Quinic acid derivatives exhibited antioxidative activity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177
Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 78-84
Tsevegsuren, N., Proksch, P., Wang, Y., & Davaakhuu, G. (2014). Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch. Mongolian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177
Vol 12 (2011)
Copyright on any research article in the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry is retained by the author(s).
The authors grant the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
Articles in the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY.
This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Established by INASP in 2011. Managed by Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
This website supports the online publication of Mongolian journals. For more information about MongoliaJOL and how to join the service see the About page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home 2017 General Election Greens want te reo Māori in all schools by 2030
Greens want te reo Māori in all schools by 2030
The Green Party has unveiled a $165 million plan to make te reo Māori a compulsory subject in all schools by 2030.
By: Simon Collins
Green Party Leader James Shaw, photographed here last Sunday, has unveiled plans to make te reo Māori compulsory in all schools by 2030. Photo / Dean Purcell
Party leader James Shaw announced the plan today at a hikoi marking 45 years since a petition signed by 30,000 people was presented to Parliament asking for the Māori language to be taught in schools.
The plan fills out details of a pledge the Greens made in February to campaign for te reo to be compulsory in all state schools in Years 1 to 10.
It proposes to make the language compulsory in Year 1 in 2020 and add one year level annually until all students to Year 10 learn the language by 2030.
Shaw said the policy would require an extra 2500 Māori language teachers as well as training for existing teachers, and would cost an estimated $165 million.
"The Green Party supports teaching te reo Māori to all children at school, and we have a plan that will achieve it within a generation," he said.
"We have a responsibility to ensure that our indigenous language thrives, and introducing all children to it at school is one of the best ways to make that happen.
"Learning a second language has proven benefits for children's educational outcomes, as does Māori students being immersed in their own culture."
The policy package includes:
Establish a taskforce to implement te reo Māori as a core curriculum subject in all public primary and secondary schools from Year 1 to Year 10 by 2030.
Work with the education and te reo Māori sectors to create te reo Māori curriculum guidelines.
Develop a targeted strategy with incentives and scholarships to drive teacher recruitment.
Increase specialist te reo Māori teachers and kaiārahi i te reo.
Establish formal clusters of te reo Māori teachers, with facilitation and technical support from Language Advisors.
Negotiate to honour the Te Kōhanga Reo settlement claim (WAI 2336), and provide additional resource for kaupapa Māori education.
Shaw said he did not speak the language himself as he went to school in a time where it was not taught.
"When I was about 9, I asked the teacher if we could learn te reo Māori and I was scoffed at," he said.
Coupled with the fact he spent much of his adult life overseas, Shaw had never learned to speak it, but hoped to begin learning.
Green MP Catherine Delahunty said New Zealand was ready for its children to get what others didn't.
"I think te reo's time has come," she said.
"We can't wait for there to be teachers; we have to create those teachers."
Shaw said the country was "hungry for it".
Māori development spokesperson Marama Davidson said she was still learning and "still claiming back te reo".
"We, too, wish it had been in schools when we were in school."
policy package
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text:
Home/Videos/Free Markets - Videos/Teachers' Unions Growing Power Over Education — At Children's Expense
Teachers' Unions Growing Power Over Education — At Children's Expense
BCN Senior Editor October 25, 2022 Free Markets - Videos, Limited Government - Videos, Videos Comments Off on Teachers' Unions Growing Power Over Education — At Children's Expense
With elections only two weeks away, students are back in the classroom.
"That's not to say the campaign to keep students out of school is over," Star Parker said on Straight Arrow News. Students in the nation's capital are required to have the COVID vaccine to attend in-person classes.
"And as many parents are already aware, it's the monopoly of control that teachers' unions have over our public schools that has kept students away from their teachers," Star said. "Teachers' unions have the deepest pockets. Their far-reaching power and influence at the local, state, and federal levels grow every year."
Star talked about those national test scores from nine-year-old students that recently came out. The results of math and reading progress over two years: historically BAD. Yet teachers' unions continue to fight against charter schools, private schools, and any kind of school choice.
President Joe Biden recently gave a speech before one of the larger teachers' unions in the country. Oddly, he barely spoke about education or students.
"Instead, he spoke about power and the threat of it" from the other side, Star said. Biden didn't talk about students and their struggles during and after the pandemic. He didn't address how to better serve the core mission of teachers or how to deal with the abysmal national scores.
Biden and teachers' unions care about maintaining power. That's it.
Watch the clip below to hear what else Star had to say.
Tags coronavirus - COVID-19 education Joe Biden school choice Star Parker
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Pressing into Government with the Hope of Positive Change — Watch CURE America with Star Parker
Loving Babies AND Women –The Voices of March for Life 2023
LIVE: Watch the March for Life 2023
Today is the annual March for Life! Pro-lifers are converging on Washington, D.C., to march …


text:
Q: International Fonts Display Issue with UTF-8 We have developed a PHP-MySQL application in two languages - English and Gujarati. The Gujarati language contains symbols that need unicode UTF-8 encoding for proper display.
The application runs perfectly on my windows based localhost and on my Linux based testing server on the web.
But when I transfer the application to the client's webserver (linux redhat based), the Gujarati characters are not displayed properly.
I have checked the raw data from both the databases (on my webserver and on the client's webserver) - it is exactly the same. However the display is different. On my server the fonts are displayed perfectly, but when I try to access the client's copy of the app, the display of Guajarati font is all wrong.
Since I am testing both these installation instances from the same machine and the same browser, the issue is not of browser incompatability or the code. I believe that there is some server setting that needs to be done, which I am missing out.
Can you help please.
Thanks
Vinayak
UPDATE
Thanks. We have tried the apache and php settings suggestions given by the SO community members. But the problem remains.
To breakdown the issue we have looked at the different stages that the data is passing through.
The two databases (at the client's end and at at our end) are identical. There is no difference in them.
The next step in this app is that a query is run which recovers the data, creates an xml file and saves it.
This XML file is then displayed using a PHP page.
We have identified that the problem is that there is a difference in the XML file being created. The code used for creating the XML file is as below:
function fnCreateTestXML($testid)
{
    $objQuery = new clsQuery();
    $objTest = new clsTest();
    $setnames = $objQuery->fnSelectRecords("tbl_testsets", "setnumber", "");
    $queryresultstests = $objQuery->fnSelectRecords("tbl_tests", "", "");
    if($queryresultstests)
    {

        foreach($queryresultstests as $queryresulttest)
        {
            foreach($setnames as $setname)
            {
                //Creating Root node test and set its attribute
                $doc = new DomDocument('1.0','utf-8');
                $root = $doc->createElement('test');
                $root = $doc->appendChild($root);
                //and so on

//Saving XML on the disk
                $xml_create = $doc->saveXML();
                $testname = "testsxml.xml";
                $xml_string = $doc->save($testname);

Any ideas??
Thanks
Vinayak

A: Since you've stated that it is working in your development environments and not on your clients, you might want to check the clients Apache's AddDefaultCharset and set this to UTF-8, if it's not already.  (Assuming that they're using Apache.)
I tend to make sure the following steps are checked

*

*PHP Header is sent in UTF-8

*Meta tag is set to UTF-8 (Content-Type)

*Storage is set to UTF-8

*Server output is set to UTF-8

*Make sure your php code files are encoded in UTF8 with BOM (Byte Order Mark)

A: The answer almost certainly lies in the headers being sent with the web pages.  To diagnose issues like this, I've found it useful to install the firefox addon "Live HTTP Headers".
Install that addon, then turn it on and reload a page from the client's webserver, and from your own.
What you'll probably see is that the page served by your webserver has the header:
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Whereas when served by the client webserver it says:
Content-Type: text/html

The way I would recommend fixing this is for you to ensure that you explicitly set the header to specify utf-8 in every page of your application.  This then insulates your application from future configuration changes on the client's end.
To do this, call
header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

on each page before sending any data.

A: Make sure, that the response headers are correct - the Content-type should have UTF-8 in it.

A: Check the character set settings on the DB instance on the client's machine:
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

Before executing any text fetching queries, try executing:
SET NAMES utf8
SET CHARACTER SET utf8

If that works, you might want to add the following to the my.cnf on the client's machine:
[mysqld]
collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci
character_set_server=utf8
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

A: Please use this meta tag : meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
Make sure use this code in php :mysql_query ("set character_set_results='utf8'");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The U.S. would benefit from ratification of UNCLOS
View current
Revision operations
Supporting Arguments:
Consensus of experts advocate for U.S. ratification of UNCLOS
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS best way to preserve freedom of navigation rights
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would benefit Marine Conservation efforts
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would boost U.S. global leadership
UNCLOS treaty helps establish needed rule of law and governance regime for oceans
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS key to a number of maritime industries
UNCLOS necessary to protect rights of marine researchers
Ratification of UNCLOS is in U.S. national security interests
Model of UNCLOS useful for governance of other global commons
UNCLOS has empirically been successful
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would help resolve disputes with Russia in Arctic
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would help moderate rising Chinese naval power
Quicktabs: Arguments
U.S. has significant strategic and commercial interests in ensuring that provisions of convention are fully implemented into domestic law
Yet refusing to allow direct application of the Convention in U.S. courts would also carry costs. It is consistent with some U.S. traditions to regard international law, even as it applies to individuals, as fully justiciable law, like domestic statutory and case law. In this view, applying the Convention in U.S. cases concerning individuals would be an ordinary exercise ofjudicial authority. In general, direct application of the Convention in cases involving individuals could have the salutary effect of promoting respect for basic human rights in other countries. There may be other benefits of such application as well. Recognizing the direct applicability of the Convention's prompt release articles in U.S. court, for example, could defuse conflicts with other states. In addition, the U.S. tradition of promoting international trade and commerce - reflected in the Medellin dissent's concern that the majority's decision "threatens to deprive ...businesses [and] property owners ....of the workable dispute resolution procedures that many treaties, including commercially oriented treaties, provide"'103 - suggests an historically strong reason not to read the Medellin Court's non-self-execution holding too broadly. The concern with safeguarding commercial relationships also counsels against writing the non-self-executing provisions of the Advice and Consent Resolution too broadly, or at least counsels in favor of insuring that U.S. legislation fully implements Convention provisions.
[ Page 51-52 ]
Noyes, John. "The United States and the Law of the Sea Convention: U.S. Views on the Settlement of International Law Disputes in International Tribunals and U.S. Courts." The Publicist. Vol. 1. (2009): 27-52. [ More (9 quotes) ]
U.S. has most interest in protections, both for environmental and security reasons, provided by convention for restricting activity within its EEZ
Of course, many nations have a vigorous interest on both sides of this dichotomy, but none more so than the United States. With the largest claimed EEZ of any nation (due in part to the long coast of Alaska, the Aleutian islands and Pacific territories) the U.S. is a coastal nation and as such demands protection for its coastal natural resources. From this perspective, the United States may wish to limit transport by other nations in its EEZ to protect habitats or to ensure that illegal fishing is not occurring. Indeed, the United States has imposed mandatory ship reporting requirements to protect right whales12, and is seeking approval of the International Maritime Organization for limitations on transit in the northwest Hawaiian islands, which has recently been designated a National Monument. But with the largest and most wide ranging blue water Navy, the U.S. is a maritime nation that must maintain its existing rights to passage throughout the world's oceans and seas. Moreover, the U.S. is reliant on international shipping imports and restrictions on navigation will raise costs to U.S. consumers. These conflicts are concentrated in nations' territorial seas and straits, although conflicts in the wider boundaries of the EEZ are emerging.
A natural effect of this split interest is that any one sided argument about the perils of the U.S. joining the Convention is immediately contradicted. For example, alarmist arguments that Convention nations have or will impose limitations on transit are contradicted by the fact that the U.S. does impose some limits to transit in our own EEZ and has plans to continue to do so. Indeed, the very fact that the U.S. has perhaps the world's strongest interest in both protection of coastal resources and right of free transit on, under and above the ocean, is the most compelling reason to join the Convention. As four former U.S. Coast Guard Commandants stated in a letter urging the Chairman of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee to support accession to the treaty:
As a global maritime power and a nation with one of the longest coastlines, the United States has strong interests both in preserving freedom of the seas and in protecting our own coastal areas, including offshore marine resources. The Convention strikes the right balance between these sets of interests13.
[ Page 7 ]
Sagarin, Raphael , Larry Crowder et al. Balancing U.S. Interests in the UN Law of the Sea Convention. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University: Durham, NC, October 2007 (8p). [ More (4 quotes) ]
Ratifying UNCLOS key to advancing numerous U.S. interests
In the final presentation, Ambassador David A. Balton discussed how ratifying UNCLOS would advance numerous U.S. interests. First, he noted that the United States is the world's leading maritime power. Only as a party to UNCLOS can the United States best invoke and ensure respect for its provisions on freedom of navigation. Second, the United States has the largest EEZ on the planet, as well as a continental shelf that is likely to be the envy of most other nations. Only as a part can the United States best secure our rights as a coastal state under UNCLOS. Third, only as a party to UNCLOS can the United States make best use of the treaty's provisions on the marine environment and fisheries, or shape the rules for mining the seabed beyond the jurisdiction of any nation. Ambassador Balton agreed with Rear Admiral Kenney that the United States would benefit from being able to use UNCLOS procedures for resolving disputes, adding that becoming a party would allow the United States to nominate members of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. He also agreed that accession would allow the United States to maximize leadership on maritime issues. Further, Ambassador Balton emphasized that accession would better allow the United States to maintain the balance of interests in the law of the sea described by Professor Caron. Accession is preferable to reliance on customary international law because customary law is subject to erosion. Overall, Ambassador Balton explained that the United States secured everything it wanted in the convention, given that the related 1994 agreement on deep seabed mining satisfied our concerns with respect to those issues.
Next, Ambassador Balton discussed emerging issues that will best be handled under the UNCLOS framework. First, as the oceans warm the Arctic will become more accessible for shipping and oil and gas extraction, among other uses. All other Arctic nations are parties to UNCLOS, and the United States' failure to join complicates negotiations and weakens our credibility in international talks. Second, Ambassador Balton emphasized the disadvantage we face as a non-party in respect of our extended continental shelf, the area of seafloor beyond 200 miles from our coasts that meet certain criteria set forth in the Convention. The United States estimates that it has an extended continental shelf approximately the size of California. Only as a party to UNCLOS can the United States best secure international recognition of the outer limits of our continental shelf.
0 "National Security, Economic Well-Being, and the Law of the Sea ." Environmental Law Institute. (June 6, 2011) [ More ]
Multiple advantages for U.S. from ratification of UNCLOS
The advantages of U.S. ratification are clear. The United States would be able to invoke clear rules to support its claims to navigational freedoms.6 It would be able to rely on the text of the Convention to support its claims to an extended continental shelf in the Western Gap area of the Gulf of Mexico7 and in the Arctic.8 It would be able to utilize the principles and institutions of the Convention to work with other nations to protect the marine environment.9 It would be able to utilize the sophisticated and flexible dispute-resolution procedures established by the Convention. It would be able to put a U.S. ocean law expert on the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and a U.S. scientist on the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. It would be able to participate actively in the interpretation and implementation of all aspects of this comprehensive treaty, and thus could better protect all of its ocean interests.10
[ Page 48 ]
Van Dyke, Jon M. "U.S. Accession to the Law of the Sea Convention ." Ocean Yearbook. Vol. 22. (2008): 47-59. [ More (5 quotes) ]
This is an argument in support of one of the positions in the debate over U.S. ratification of UNCLOS. An argument is composed of a claim and a warrant, and is supported by quotations from authoritative sources or logical analysis. If applicable, you can view the counter-, parent-, or supporting- arguments to this argument below or view a random argument.
Argument Tree
The U.S. should ratify the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Defense department has consistently advocated ratification of UNCLOS
Political opposition to ratification of UNCLOS dominated by small group of conservatives
U.S. Navy's freedom of navigation is continually challenged by excessive claims
Freedom of Navigation program is not a long-term viable solution to address excessive claims
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would bolster efforts of Freedom of Navigation program
Freedom of navigation is critical to U.S. leadership and economy
U.S. will be able to challenge excessive claims more effectively as a party to UNCLOS
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS necessary to control overfishing
Deep seabed mining has potential to cause significant environmental damage and should be regulated
Arctic environment requires special environmental protection
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS critical to naval soft power needed for cooperation with other navies
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS treaty necessary to restore maritime leadership role
Adversaries using U.S. absence from UNCLOS to modify martime law in ways adverse to U.S. interests
UNCLOS regime empirically has already shown that it is a stabilizing force
Customary international law is no longer sufficient to protect U.S. interests
Bilateral treaties are not an alternative to UNCLOS
Offshore oil and gas development dependent on legal protection of UNCLOS
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS key to development of deep seabed mining industry
U.S. has significant economic interests in emerging deep seabed mining industry
Deep seabed mining has potential to be significant source of strategically valuable rare earth elements
New sources of rare earth minerals are critical to U.S. national security
Deep seabed mining is technologically feasible
Success of offshore wind power industry depends on U.S. ratification of UNCLOS
Marine biotechnology industry would benefit from UNCLOS legal regime
U.S. underseas cable industry needs UNCLOS protection
Underseas cables are vital to global economy
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS is key to sustaining competitiveness of U.S. shipping industry
Other states will challenge U.S. unilateral claims outside UNCLOS
U.S. ratification of UNCLOS would bolster homeland security and counterterrorism efforts
Many valuable lessons in UNCLOS for international governance of cyberspace
UNCLOS regime sets a good precedent for governance of outer space
U.S. ability to peacefully resolve South China Sea disputes compromised by its non-party status to UNCLOS
U.S. must challenge China's flawed interpretation of UNCLOS freedom of navigation provisions
China's interpretation of UNCLOS at odds with U.S. and rest of the world
U.S. can best influence China to abide by international rule of law as a party to UNCLOS
U.S. can best challenge China's excessive claims as a party to UNCLOS
Counterarguments
The U.S. would not Benefit from Ratification of UNCLOS [ Compare ]


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text:
import pytest
import types
############################## LISTS USED TO PARAMETERIZE TESTS ##############################
from azure.core.rest import HttpRequest as RestHttpRequest
from azure.core.pipeline.transport import HttpRequest as PipelineTransportHttpRequest
from azure.core.pipeline._tools import is_rest
HTTP_REQUESTS = [PipelineTransportHttpRequest, RestHttpRequest]
REQUESTS_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = []

from azure.core.pipeline.transport import HttpResponse as PipelineTransportHttpResponse
from azure.core.rest._http_response_impl import HttpResponseImpl as RestHttpResponse
HTTP_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportHttpResponse, RestHttpResponse]

ASYNC_HTTP_RESPONSES = []

try:
    from azure.core.pipeline.transport import AsyncHttpResponse as PipelineTransportAsyncHttpResponse
    from azure.core.rest._http_response_impl_async import AsyncHttpResponseImpl as RestAsyncHttpResponse
    ASYNC_HTTP_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportAsyncHttpResponse, RestAsyncHttpResponse]
except (ImportError, SyntaxError):
    pass

try:
    from azure.core.pipeline.transport import RequestsTransportResponse as PipelineTransportRequestsTransportResponse
    from azure.core.rest._requests_basic import RestRequestsTransportResponse
    REQUESTS_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportRequestsTransportResponse, RestRequestsTransportResponse]
except ImportError:
    pass

from azure.core.pipeline.transport._base import HttpClientTransportResponse as PipelineTransportHttpClientTransportResponse
from azure.core.rest._http_response_impl import RestHttpClientTransportResponse
HTTP_CLIENT_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportHttpClientTransportResponse, RestHttpClientTransportResponse]

ASYNCIO_REQUESTS_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = []

try:
    from azure.core.pipeline.transport import AsyncioRequestsTransportResponse as PipelineTransportAsyncioRequestsTransportResponse
    from azure.core.rest._requests_asyncio import RestAsyncioRequestsTransportResponse
    ASYNCIO_REQUESTS_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportAsyncioRequestsTransportResponse, RestAsyncioRequestsTransportResponse]
except (ImportError, SyntaxError):
    pass

AIOHTTP_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = []

try:
    from azure.core.pipeline.transport import AioHttpTransportResponse as PipelineTransportAioHttpTransportResponse
    from azure.core.rest._aiohttp import RestAioHttpTransportResponse
    AIOHTTP_TRANSPORT_RESPONSES = [PipelineTransportAioHttpTransportResponse, RestAioHttpTransportResponse]
except (ImportError, SyntaxError):
    pass

############################## HELPER FUNCTIONS ##############################

def request_and_responses_product(*args):
    pipeline_transport = tuple([PipelineTransportHttpRequest]) + tuple(arg[0] for arg in args)
    rest = tuple([RestHttpRequest]) + tuple(arg[1] for arg in args)
    return [pipeline_transport, rest]

def create_http_request(http_request, *args, **kwargs):
    if hasattr(http_request, "content"):
        method = args[0]
        url = args[1]
        try:
            headers = args[2]
        except IndexError:
            headers = None
        try:
            files = args[3]
        except IndexError:
            files = None
        try:
            data = args[4]
        except IndexError:
            data = None
        return http_request(
            method=method,
            url=url,
            headers=headers,
            files=files,
            data=data,
            **kwargs
        )
    return http_request(*args, **kwargs)

def create_transport_response(http_response, *args, **kwargs):
    # this creates transport-specific responses,
    # like requests responses / aiohttp responses
    if is_rest(http_response):
        block_size = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else None
        return http_response(
            request=args[0],
            internal_response=args[1],
            block_size=block_size,
            **kwargs
        )
    return http_response(*args, **kwargs)

def create_http_response(http_response, *args, **kwargs):
    # since the actual http_response object is
    # an ABC for our new responses, it's a little more
    # complicated creating a pure http response.
    # here, we use the HttpResponsImpl, but we still have to pass
    # more things to the init, so making a separate operation
    if is_rest(http_response):
        block_size = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else None
        return http_response(
            request=args[0],
            internal_response=args[1],
            block_size=block_size,
            status_code=kwargs.pop("status_code", 200),
            reason=kwargs.pop("reason", "OK"),
            content_type=kwargs.pop("content_type", "application/json"),
            headers=kwargs.pop("headers", {}),
            stream_download_generator=kwargs.pop("stream_download_generator", None),
            **kwargs
        )
    return http_response(*args, **kwargs)

def readonly_checks(response, old_response_class):
    # though we want these properties to be completely readonly, it doesn't work
    # for the backcompat properties
    assert isinstance(response.request, RestHttpRequest)
    assert isinstance(response.status_code, int)
    assert response.headers
    assert response.content_type == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'

    assert response.is_closed
    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        response.is_closed = False

    assert response.is_stream_consumed
    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        response.is_stream_consumed = False

    # you can set encoding
    assert response.encoding == "utf-8"
    response.encoding = "blah"
    assert response.encoding == "blah"

    assert isinstance(response.url, str)
    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        response.url = "http://fakeurl"

    assert response.content is not None
    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        response.content = b"bad"

    old_response = old_response_class(response.request, response.internal_response, response.block_size)
    for attr in dir(response):
        if attr[0] == '_':
            # don't care about private variables
            continue
        if type(getattr(response, attr)) == types.MethodType:
            # methods aren't "readonly"
            continue
        if attr == "encoding":
            # encoding is the only settable new attr
            continue
        if not attr in vars(old_response):
            with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
                setattr(response, attr, "new_value")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For this edition of Faith Walking, Erica Campbell was inspired by a sermon from Warryn Campbell. This flesh we live in will expire, but your soul will last forever. We spend a lot of time, however, on our physical body, and we often forget to spend more time on our soul. The best part of you is your soul, and you have to nurture it with your love for and relationship with God.


An open-house style meeting to gather public input on the future I-94 modernization project in Detroit. The public will be able to provide feedback on future mobility options and configurations.
9 - 11 a.m. and 5:30 - 7:30 p.m.
2 - 4 p.m. and 6 - 8 p.m.
The I-94 modernization project will involve rebuilding 6.7 miles between Conner Avenue and I-96. Included in this project is utility and bridge replacement, improvements to freeway interchanges, the construction of continuous service drives, and an additional freeway lane. Bridge work will continue through 2018, with freeway work scheduled to begin in 2019.


text:
BestKurt on I Got Those 2G Blues
Team Kimberlin Post… on Yowza
Veeshir on Can Something Blue Be Far…
HayZeus on Can Something Blue Be Far…
Can Something Blue Be Far Behind?
Bees!
Doesn't Arizona Have Locusts?
ReRecursive!
Barack Obama 2012
Demure Jen
Nose On Your Face
Pixy Misa
Stoaty Weasel
Stupid Is a Five Letter Word
SYLG
The H2
Wiccapundit
Anklebiting rugrats (63)
Ask a Moron (41)
Baconblogging (25)
Bipartisan FAIL (31)
Brett Kimberlin (5)
Brevity etc. (71)
Crapblog News (53)
Democratic morality (168)
Drunkblogging (28)
Edumakashun (78)
EUnichstan (3)
EUnuchstan (69)
Ewww – taste this! (39)
Exploding things (190)
FAIL Britannia! (44)
Filthy Hippies (108)
Fuck Cancer (4)
Fucking Markets (49)
Fun with Elections (145)
Fun With Media (360)
funniest end of (2)
Funniest End of Civilization Evah (877)
Geektasticity (74)
Get Your Nose Out Of My (4)
GOP FAIL (174)
GOP Win! (183)
Government FAIL (84)
Green Goofs (85)
HAHAHAHAHAA!!!! (137)
Hillary! (11)
Hotassery (145)
I'm Afraid I Can't Blog That (59)
Islam – a religion of tolerance and peace (94)
It's Always a Good Time to include Sheldon Cooper PhD (23)
It's Science! (116)
Jitardis (75)
Kittehs! (10)
L.L.A.P.H. (57)
Lame (114)
Liberal FAIL (221)
Liberal Fascism (403)
Mideast Madness (153)
minitrue madness (26)
Moron of the Day (74)
Moronosphere (28)
Nanny State (147)
Not So Funny End Of Civilization (52)
Notes on the Revolution (528)
Obama's Fault (587)
Occupy My Asscrack (16)
Op/Sped (78)
Parent of the Day (20)
Paultardia (11)
PEBKAC (182)
Pop. Pop Music. (9)
Queerblogging (35)
Random Crap (334)
run with media (3)
Schadenboner! (5)
Shoeblogging (9)
Soccer – sport of men (18)
Some Lives Matter! (3)
Stupid Question Time (24)
Teh Funneh (64)
The "Justice" Dept. (90)
The Big Screen (42)
The first thing we do (12)
The Funniest Middle Of Civilization Ever! (14)
The Joys of Parenting (20)
The Little Screen (14)
This Is My BOOMSTICK! (77)
Transportation Stupidity Assholes (8)
True Heroes (22)
Trump 2020 Reelection Team (102)
Union Wins Again (15)
Vagina Squad Fail (14)
We're boned (101)
What the fuck did they blow up now? (33)
Why I Hate People (80)
Win Britannia! (3)
Win! (206)
WTF is normal with NYC (2)
WTF is wrong with CA (1)
WTF Is Wrong With Colorado (41)
WTF Is Wrong With Denver (3)
WTF is wrong with Illinois (9)
WTF Is Wrong With Missouri (2)
WTF Is Wrong With Oklahoma (3)
WTF Is Wrong With PA (10)
WTF is wrong with Tennessee (1)
WTF is wrong with Topeka (1)
WTF Is Wrong With Wisconsin (12)
You'll pry 'em from my cold dead hands (73)
Zombies! (53)
What we bitch about
advertising Awesome bacon Badass Motherfucker Beer braaaaaains Bush Chris Christie Christine O'D is hawt Dita don't fuck us over Drunken Chariot Races Dumbasses Edumakashun Eyebleach FAIL Fair and Balanced Football Foreign Stuff FREEDOM!!! fuck fuck civility fuck defeatism fuck depression fuck electability fucking awesome fucking hippies fucking idiots Fucking liberals fuckstorm fuck the hippies fuck the left fuck the media fuck the RINOs fuck you! Fun With Illicit Drugs get awesome guns! ham wallets Hero Hi! hippie kickin' hippie kicking History hmmm... Horror hotassery Hucktard mcrib meat and meat by-products military MSNBC Musicals! Mwahahahaha!!! My Junk North Korea Nostalgia oh my! P.C. Bullshit RAAAAACIST!!! Road to hell paved with good intentions silly shit Statist Douchebags stupid fucking liberals Terrorism Terrorists Totalitarianism Trouser-based Anomalies Trump TSA Vote! Win! world of warcraft zen zomg its hitler!
Posted: December 21, 2017 by veeshir in Funniest End of Civilization Evah, GOP Win!, PEBKAC, Random Crap, The "Justice" Dept., Trump 2020 Reelection Team
Man, I tube my tube and all I see is stuff we all knew, you could go through the archives for any month in the last 5 or 10 years and see the same stories. That's not the 'editorial' we, the 'royal' or even the rhetorical we, it's the 'collective' we. I just link to stories at Weasel Zippers, Doug Ross, the puppy blender and Ace's mostly. We've been watching this shit and my prediction is there are no repercussions for any of the lawless assholes we watched with out jaws dropped.
Jeff Sessions is going after Hillary's Bitches in the FBI!!!!!!!!
Yawn. Call me when there's a perp walk and/or being fired. Without pension and severance package. Oh, and a perp walk for members of the Clinton crime syndicate. Including the Clintons.
In Wisconsin, we see the investigation into the John Doe/Secret Police/Stasi intimidation scheme is over and they're
State Attorney General Brad Schimel has recommended contempt proceedings for a prosecutor and eight other officials over their handling of material from a secret probe of Gov. Scott Walker's campaign.
Ooohhhhhhh! Contempt proceedings…no… CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
But wait, There's Still More!!!!!
Schimel also wants to seek professional sanctions against Shane Falk, who served as an attorney for the now-defunct Government Accountability Board,
Probably Censure!!!!!. Why, they'll have to labor under the cloud of trials, but probably not convictions, for Contempt!!!!!!!! and Being Censured!!!!!!. After sending secret policemen into homes to intimidate conservatives with secret warrants.
Contempt. It's what they feel for us.
Sweden, totally not rape capitol of EUnuchstan, can't understand why telling women to stay indoors to keep from being raped… being gang-raped is a bad idea.
Where if you say you're against unlimited immigration by third world people antipathetic to the whole concept of western civilization, you're likely to be arrested. You're actually more likely to be arrested for that, they don't even try to arrest most of the people who commit real crimes if they're of the proper ethnic background.
I'm actually not against this.
YouTube banned Mike Cernovich's documentary on Sweden's refugee crisis from being viewed in European countries, then restored the video but placed it in "YouTube Jail," disabling comments and sharing, while adding a warning message to viewers.
It's their deal, like Twitter and Facebook, they can do what they want, politically speaking, with their business.
Conservatives should take note though.
Let Twitter and Facebook become leftist utopias. They'll drop like a rock in value in a minute as people can get the same in-depth, biting comments from watching or reading the NYTimesWashPostCNNABCCBSNBCetc.
Richard Fernandez, of Belmont Club fame, writing about how everybody's still ignoring that Obama enabled Hezbollah's drug and murder enterprise to get the horrible Iran deal writes
Many of the particulars in the Politico article had been in open-source circulation for months, though largely unnoticed by the press
Man, you could write that about just about every story about Dem perfidy, felony and treason and be spot-on.
More stuff that litters the archives, the Sun just keeps not doing what it's supposed to do.
As the sun gets successively more blank with each day, due to lack of sunspots, it is also dimming. According to data from NASA's Spaceweather, so far in 2017, 96 days (27%) of the days observing the sun have been without sunspots. Here is the view today from the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite:…
Across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, the sun's output has dropped nearly 0.1% compared to the Solar Maximum of 2012-2014….
And the Sun wasn't very active in 2012-2014.
But the Sun doesn't have any effect on the Earth's climate.
Despite the fact that the Earth only has a climate because of the Sun.
The End of Summer? I know I live in a desert. I do look forward to illegal immigrants going south. Well armed immigrants.
So what have I done instead of write? Go to school, read and watch a lot of westerns. I don't have cable so most of the good movies are westerns on Grit and Movies! channel.
I do have a question, one channel was showing re-runs of How I Met Your Mother. I didn't watch it because I don't like it but I'm curious, did he ever actually meet the mother of his child(ren)? I don't care all that much, and I could probably find out if I did. I'm just sorta curious.
There's a guy who sells back-belts named Dr. Ho. I say we get a Gofundme page and offer him a couple $thousand dollars to say, "Hi Everybody!" ala Dr. Nick Riviera, in his next commercial.
Now, like everybody I flirt with solipsism. How can you be sure you're not the only real person? I mean, I think that but I'm not sure if you're real. I would like to think I'd imagine a less stupid and annoying world, but who knows?
Which makes me think about starting a religion. It'd be sorta Buddhism, but more Jonathan Livingston Seagull where you can go to better world but I don't want the goal to be nothingness.
You mix this with semi-solipsism. You see, some of us are real, the rest are like extras in movies. They're just there as background while we real folk are the ones supposed to learn lessons and move ahead.
It's a perfect 21st century religion, all about how you're a person, unlike those other people. They're just reflections of your baser thoughts. Throw in some yoga and words like "enlightenment" and crap like that.
I'll fill every strip mall with a temple within 20 years. Too bad I just don't have the faith and self-deception needed to be a good cult preacher.
Posted: December 13, 2017 by veeshir in Edumakashun, Fun With Media, Funniest End of Civilization Evah, GOP Win!, The "Justice" Dept., This Is My BOOMSTICK!
Recursiving. Again.
The thing that gets me is that I just don't think there will be any repercussions for all the various felonies and treasons committed by our fine betters.
The FBI dude who was in charge of clearing Hillary and Getting Trump!!!! was, get this, a fan of Hillary and a Trump hater!
Text-from Peter Strzok to Lisa Page (Andy is Andrew McCabe): "I want to believe the path u threw out 4 consideration in Andy's office-that there's no way he gets elected-but I'm afraid we can't take that risk.It's like an insurance policy in unlikely event u die be4 you're 40"
— Bret Baier (@BretBaier) December 13, 2017
So what horrible thing happened to this perverter of justice? Reassigned.
He might be Forced To Retire with full pension and benefits and severance package That's what'll probably happen.
We all watched it happen. Watched all The Important People pretend it wasn't happening. You know as soon as they can they're gonna go back to business as usual. Who you gonna vote for? Roy Moore?
Exactly. We've had this argument many times, we've won some and lost some, but we won the POTUSy without the GOP. They can't win the POTUSy without us. Primary season is coming up. We got rid of Flake even before it started, I wonder if they'll lose anymore.
Some funny middle east shit.
An Organisation of Islamic Co-operation communique declares US President Donald Trump's decision to recognise the city as Israel's capital as "null and void".
It also says the move has signalled Washington's withdrawal from its role in the Middle East peace process.
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas earlier said the UN should take over.
That would be funny. How, exactly, would the UN enforce their "Kill The Jews!!!!!" resolution?
They accuse the US of "deliberately undermining" peace efforts and warn that it has given "impetus to extremism and terrorism".
But, our correspondent says, some Muslim leaders are more pro-Trump than others; Saudi Arabia and Egypt only sent ministers to this meeting, possibly to keep the US on board…
Bingo bango bongo. There's currently a fairly violent war going on between Iran and The House of Saud, they're not going to make nice with each other now. Especially since the Israelis are working with the anti-Iranian side.
With this absolutely awesome line
…So, he adds, there was a semblance of unity at the OIC summit and tough talk, but little sign that Donald Trump was listening.
The best response in decades.
Better response
The White House said Mr Abbas's comments were of the kind of rhetoric that "has prevented peace for years".
Perzactly. You could just say that after anything Abbas says and it would fit.
More stuff we knew.
US national security adviser HR McMaster condemned Qatar and Turkey for taking on a "new role" as the main sponsors and sources of funding for extremist Islamist ideology that targets western interests.
Qatar and Turkey are sponsors of terrorism! Whodathunk that? It's been going on for years, but we watched all of the above shit, including Turkey and Qatar, really get rolling while Comeying!. See, this is why I can't blog. I'm overComey!!!!ed. I just can't do it anymore. I did a search to find some links but they're all in Comey!!!!!!ing posts. I started reading and got pissed off. As they were whitewashing Hillary's many crimes and trying to make some up for Trump, this shit was going on.
And nothing will happen to them. Nothing is going to happen to all the people we watched commit felonies and possibly treasonous shit, like the Uranium One deal, and nothing will happen to the assholes who watched the world go to shit.
Not a fucking thing.
So let's laugh at some college students.
A Harvard student recently made a bold public declaration, admitting that, while at a bar with friends one time, he talked about the attractiveness of the women in his class.
Daniel Hanrahan, a master's student in Public Policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, wrote in The Harvard Crimson this weekthat "the Harvard community is responsible for sexual assault." Hanrahan notes that, while the men who sexually assault women are ultimately the ones responsible for their crimes, we should also not ignore "the behavior of people not directly involved in sexual assaults." It is up to bystanders, Hanrahan writes, to help put an end to sexual assault culture.
Why do I keep seeing the sidekick guy in Demolition Man, the guy who likes the Oscar Meyer weiner song (sorta insensitive to sissy kids and fat kids there chief!)
It's funny how often really bad movies foretell the future.
I'm sorry to say that the world has become a pussy-whipped, Brady Bunch version of itself, run by a bunch of robed sissies.
Except they haven't changed to unisex robes (to stop Sexual Harassment!) yet.
I like this one for a totally different reason.
he sent an email to his fellow College Republicans with a number of suggestions, some in jest, on countering arguments about "white privilege." As a joke, Tokie concluded his email by suggesting to his peers: "Take the liberal tears from the idiot you just destroyed in your debate, dissemble your American made Springfield M1911 .45 caliber handgun and apply the tears in order to clean the mechanism, reassemble and proceed to purchase ANTIFA and ISIS hunting permits and max out on tags[.]" The email was eventually shared to the broader campus community.
So pretty funny and impressive that there's a college where funny can still be.
On Nov. 8, Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of Students Sally Walker and Vice President of Finance and Administration Jerry White informed Tokie that he was charged with violating Albion's policy against the "[u]se of, or threatened use of, physical force or violence."
Wait! I don't like that one! I'm not at all gruntled with that article. Well, maybe a little gruntled. That's a pretty milquetoast 'threat'. They might just have to have some response, in some colleges he'd already have been expelled, hung and burned in effigy ( possibly in person) and charged with a felony.
Passed my first National Institute for Metalworking Skills certification test, just written stuff and making sure you know how to read non-digital, measuring instruments. A place where I thought I'd like to work came in for a presentation and I asked about my prospects, I'd already been looking at this place, and he seemed to think I could get a job with my engineering degree. I'm gonna check. I'll finish this program, I can do both, and CNC is my retirement plan. Having a job-shop could keep me occupied and in ammo.
Speaking of which, let's end on a little bit of awesome.
Detatchable mag, pump-action 870. 3 and 6 round mags.
I'm leary of automatics. I know people who swear by them, but I like a pump, my second gun was a 20 gauge 870 Wingmaster that I sold long ago. I was very broke in California.
You know within a year there will be 25 round mags for it at least too. That's bad ass. All it needs is a bayonet mount.
Yeah, We Knew That
Posted: December 5, 2017 by veeshir in Democratic morality, Fun With Media, Funniest End of Civilization Evah, GOP Win!, Liberal Fascism, The "Justice" Dept., Trump, Trump 2020 Reelection Team, Why I Hate People, Win!
Man, just tubing my tube is all about seeing shit we've been talking about for more than a year. That's why I can't work up a good OUTRAGE!!!!! I mean, I've been fucking OUTRAGED!!!! by this shit for a long dam time so seeing others finally notice it and act all surprised is sorta frustrating.
I can't even act surprised at this shit.
Hillary's Bitches in the FBI are Hillary's Bitches!
The FBI agent who was fired from Special Counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation team for sending anti-Donald Trump text messages conducted the interviews with two Hillary Clinton aides accused of giving false statements about what they knew of the former secretary of state's private email server.
Neither of the Clinton associates, Cheryl Mills and Huma Abedin, faced legal consequences for their misleading statements, which they made in interviews last year with former FBI section chief Peter Strzok
Well, duh. We watched that Tom Sawyer "Investigation"/whitewashing unfold last year in the months leading up to the election and we've been watching the search for something, anything! on Trump since the election.
Let's Translate!
ABC News on Saturday suspended investigative reporter Brian Ross for four weeks without pay for his erroneous report on Michael Flynn, which it called a "serious error."
We all know the reason he's been suspended is because he got caught fabricating a story, not that he fabricated a story. If any of our minitrue betters were serious about being against fakenews, CNN would be off the air and the NY Times would be fresh out of journolisters. The Wash Post doesn't even pretend and hasn't since Chimpy McBusHitler was raining terror across the world.
Get out your squeezy bulbs!
GOP voters device
U.S. House Republicans are drafting a contempt of Congress resolution against Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and FBI Director Christopher Wray, claiming stonewalling in producing material related to the Russia-Trump probes and other matters.
Yeah, we've been getting smacked in the face with fish for a long time now, this bit is particularly stinky.
Contempt proceedings don't mean shit. They have avenues they could go that would actually accomplish something, this is just to get us arfin' and honkin'.
Volunteers have criticised the Red Cross charity after receiving a communication telling them to remove crucifixes from the walls of their branches as the organisation looks to become more secular.
The Red Cross is getting rid of crosses. Pretty darn funny.
Of course, we've all known the International Red Cross is full of lefty assholes who hate Xtians for a long time. Duh. They're getting away from that icky 'cross' thing and focusing on the Red thing.
Jeff Flake hates the people who voted for him, film at….uhhh…. whenever he's on camera I guess.
That's the guy running against Roy Moore. You see, Flake's not against Conyers or Al Franken but this guy? String him up!
I wonder, did John McCain 'groom' him in some perverted way or was he just lying when he acted like a conservative in the House? I'll admit, I arfed for that asshole. Makes me fell like an idiot that does.
Trump's in favor of protecting America's borders!
Thomas Homan, acting chief of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said Monday that immigration enforcement is thriving under President Trump's leadership unlike any recent commander in chief.
Yeah, see… that was his biggest draw as a candidate. That and
We all know I like to Yell at Headlines!, let's yell at this one!
Media meltdown and the damage it does to democracy
No, democracy is causing the media meltdown. They get upset when we vote the wrong way.
In other words, our fine media betters damage democracy by their lying and fakenewsing, now that we're onto their schtick and voted the wrong damn way last year they're melting down.
This I didn't know
1. The statement today by the DOJ Office of Inspector General is exceptionally noteworthy. https://t.co/QhPmC8yHFh pic.twitter.com/uqAGWMCuB7
— TheLastRefuge (@TheLastRefuge2) December 4, 2017
Is the IG going after Hillary's Bitches? Now that would be a fucking surprise. I hope that's not just trying to get me to arf, honk and forget that the whole Dept. of "Justice" needs to be thrown in jail and be replaced by the fine folks at Judicial Watch.
Judicial Watch today released 29 pages of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) documents related to the June 27, 2016, tarmac meeting between former Attorney General Loretta Lynch and former President Bill Clinton. The documents show that FBI officials were more concerned about leaks than the actual meeting itself
That's the shit the DO"J" should be for, not against. And why they all need to be fired and replaced with Judicial Watch folks.
This sorta surprises me.
President Donald Trump unveiled a plan Monday in Utah to dramatically scale back two national monuments – calling it an important move for 'states' rights.'
Trump's a northeast liberal, they are against western states using their land for people. In the east, they took care of that shit decades/centuries ago so they can afford to be all against that shit.
Of course, as we all know, 'states rights' is code for "slavery" and since we all know Trump is a slaver since he stopped bribing Dems and put that (R) after his name so we all should have known that.
This is awesome, but I learned it long ago.
That's why I don't buy presents for my family, I got sick of being called names by willfully-ignorant fools.


Today I had to renew my SSL Certificate that was installed on my IIS7 Server. My SSL Provider is GoDaddy, so I contacted them to pay up for my renewal and they, in turn, sent me updated .crt and .p7b certificates.
The installation procedure that GoDaddy sent me went very smooth – no problems there.
However, when I attempted to access my https:// site, I received an error that mentioned the web server is inaccessible (or may be down).
The problem was caused by the fact that the website's binding at port 443 was not associated with the SSL Certificate that I renewed.
In the screenshot below you can see that "Not Selected" was selected in stead of the certificate. Once I chose the certificate, browser clients successfully connected to the https:// site.
Note: The reason why the Site Binding "lost" its association with the certificate was caused by me deleting the expired certificate prior to installing the new certificate. Regardless, always remember to confirm that your SSL binding is associated with a valid SSL Certificate.


A profession for travelers if there ever was one.
Now is the time to be in global logistics.
Naoki Kaneko travels the world playing ice hockey. He's this week's guest on Vagabond Journey's Atypical Travelers series.
There are many ways to travel the world that go beyond backpacking to tourist sites or teaching English. The Atypical Travel series on Vagabond Journey features individuals who are living lives on the road but typically fall off the radar of what we think of when we say "world traveler." This week's installment features Adam Williams, an international smokestack tester.


Be alerted when A Christmas Gift For You - Phil Spector - Various Artists (Vinyl LP) is back in stock.
A notification will be sent to when the A Christmas Gift For You - Phil Spector - Various Artists (Vinyl LP) is back in stock.
In 1963, visionary producer Phil Spector, then at the peak of his creativity and cultural influence, created one of the first, and still one of the greatest, rock 'n' roll Christmas albums. Using the artist roster of his Philles label, the Ronettes, the Crystals, Darlene Love and Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans, and the legendary studio musicians of the Wrecking Crew, Spector applied his fabled Wall of Sound to a set of Christmas pop standards and holiday-themed originals.
A Christmas Gift for You concludes with a rare on-mike appearance by Spector himself, delivering a spoken holiday message to listeners. A Christmas Gift for You originally had the misfortune of being released on November 22, 1963, the same day as the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and was not a major commercial success. In the years since, however, it has been embraced as a beloved pop-culture touchstone, with many of its tracks becoming holiday airplay favorites.
Sundazed's new edition of A Christmas Gift for You is sourced directly from the original Philles label mono masters and is pressed on 180 gram vinyl. Listeners can now perfectly re-experience the original magic of this timeless holiday treasure!


I Have a Dream: Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. played a big role in shaping America into the country that it is today. This lesson plan will help your students understand how important he was and help them dream as he did.
What do like to groove to? Bebop or hip-hop? In this Black History Month lesson plan, students will listen to and learn about two music genres heavily influenced by African-Americans. Then they will write about which genre they prefer.


Sampson is a 7 year old maltese mix who weighs about 15 pounds. He's a sweet boy! He loves affection, wants to be a lap dog, and likes to play with toys at times. He is does okay with other dogs, although he doesn't want them constantly in his face. He can coexist, but he just wants to do his own thing. Sampson would be a great only dog as well. He is not much of a barker, and is crated while his foster is not home.
Sam can be fearful of new people and new situations. He needs a home where he will be given time to adjust versus just pushed into new things. He wants to warm up to new people before they are trying to pet him a lot. Sampson can get snappy when he is being made to do something that he doesn't want to do - so he does best if he can be coaxed into it. (coming out of a kennel, petting with new people). Sam will do best with older kids who are respectful of dogs. He does just fine with grooming as long as the groomer is willing to give him some time to warm up into the process.
Sam is dominant and will stamp his feet a lot in a home, and he will try to scent rub up on people at times. He can be a marker, especially around other dogs so he needs a family who is willing to use belly bands if needed. You can get a 5 pack of washable ones on Amazon for $20.
Sam likes his kennel and likes to hang out in there even with the door open.
Sam had bladder stones removed in the last few months and needs to continue on a special food for the rest of his life to make sure the stones don't come back.
Sam is a good boy who just needs someone to give him a chance.
Our fosters do the best they can to provide all information about the animal's background and temperament while in foster care in their home. An adopters routine and home environment is likely going to be different than that in their foster home. Sometimes there is more that comes out about a dog's personality once they have been able to settle in a home and truly become comfortable. There are great articles out there written about the different stages a pet goes through after adoption, discussing transitions that happen at 3 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months. We highly recommend reading about this - it will help you understand the transition your new pet goes through.


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Filed under Editor's Pick, Features, Multimedia, Showcase, Winged Post
In this installment of "Meet Your Teacher", Dr. Thomas Artiss discusses his apiary love.
by Jessie Wang, Reporter|September 2, 2018
Biology teacher Dr. Thomass Artiss tends to a beehive. "I could stand and watch the hive for half an hour," Artiss said.
Kathy Fang
A low buzzing fills the air as Dr. Thomas Artiss approaches his beehive. Clad in traditional beekeeper wear — wide brimmed hat, mesh faceguard, white full-body suit and all — Dr. Artiss is the image of an accomplished apiarist.
"I dabbled in entomology for my doctoral thesis, and I've been interested in social insects for a long time, sort of from a biological perspective, but I've been thinking about beekeeping for several years," Dr. Artiss said. "About two years ago, my wife and step-kids got me a beehive for father's day, so at that point, I was kind of committed to it."
Dr. Artiss' first attempt at raising a colony failed, as he established it too late in the year and the bees did not have the time necessary to build up enough reserves to survive the winter.
"I was disheartened," he said. "But I contacted someone who got me something called a swarm, which is a box with a queen and another colony, and I got it up and running in May this year. And when I started to realize that this colony was going to take, I was pretty excited."
Dr. Artiss's favorite part of his hive is not the honey he can harvest, nor any profits to be made from harvesting honey.
"I feel like I'm actually doing something good," he said. "I feel I'm establishing a group of insects that are going to help pollinate wildflowers and trees in my community, which, ultimately, is going to make the area around which I live that much better."
Dr. Artiss plans to bring his hobby into the classroom, with the incorporation of bees, wasps, leafcutter ants and other social insects into his curriculum. He is currently working on obtaining an observation hive for the upper school campus, which will house a colony of bees behind plexiglass for students to watch and study.
I'm just fascinated with how active the hive is, what the bees are doing. My hive is relatively small, but it's probably got two or three thousand bees in it, and to watch them on a really hot summer day, they're so active."
— Dr. Thomas Artiss, Biology teacher and avid apiarist
Dr. Artiss hopes to use this hive to showcase the various habits and behaviors of bees, such as the "waggle" dance.
"It's actually a method of bee communication," Dr. Artiss said. "A worker bee who has found a small patch of nectar or pollen will return back to the hive and tell other members of the hive where the food was found by doing a waggle dance… and what they've found is that the angle of the dance is proportionate to the angle of the sun and the number of waggles indicates the distance. So [the bees are] able to communicate where food is with an angle and a distance so that other workers can go out and exploit the patch."
Dr. Artiss enjoys sharing his love of science with his students and has pointed out this dance to them before, namely on last year's eighth grade class trip to Washington, D.C.
"We went to the [Smithsonian] Natural History Museum, and in there they have an enormous observation hive, and I stood by the observation hive for the two or three hours we were in the Natural History Museum," he said. "Any time an eighth grader would walk by I would be grabbing them, pulling them over, and going 'Look! Look! Look! They're doing the waggle dance!'"
Meet your teacher: History teacher strives for inner balance
Meet your teacher: Math teacher moves to the music through tango career
Meet your teacher: Physics teacher plays in tight-knit Ultimate Frisbee community
Dr. Artiss' interests do not stop at just an observation hive. Next summer he hopes to go to research with a friend at the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, who researches leafcutter ants — social insects similar to bees — and to perhaps secure a colony to bring back to Harker with him.
"You have to get all sorts of USDA permits and that sort of thing, but the bottom line is, with an observation hive and leaf harvesting ants, the opportunity to have lessons that we could bring into the classroom are there," he said.
With these new lesson plans in mind, Dr. Artiss aims to fulfill his goal — inspiring enthusiasm among students.
"My goal in teaching has always been to teach to the students that are the biggest cynics in the room because I feel like the ones who love biology are going to love it no matter what I do," he said. "Every student in my class is there because they have to be, not necessarily because they want to be. And so, I know 10 or 20 or 30 percent of those students have no interest in science or biology and have already made up their minds, and I want them to leave my classroom at least once and say 'Wow, that was really cool' or 'Hey, that lab or activity was so cool' or to say 'I can't wait to come to Artiss' class tomorrow.'"
This piece was originally published in the pages of The Winged Post on Aug. 31, 2018.
Correction: Sept. 4, 2018
A previous version of this article misquoted Dr. Artiss' doctoral thesis as etymology. The article has been edited to correct this error.
Blue Wave Rolling: Democratic presidential hopefuls reach out to voters in California Democratic State Convention
Measles Outbreak: What You Need to Know
Live Coverage: Boys Volleyball takes on Monta Vista in NorCal finals
States across the country pass restrictive anti-abortion legislation
Live Coverage: Boys Volleyball takes on Bellarmine in NorCal semifinals
Swimmers break CCS records, advance to States
Starting from the bottom: Beto O'Rourke builds momentum at town hall in San Francisco
"Not me, us": Bernie Sanders calls for unity, anti-corporate reform at San Francisco rally
"For the People:" Kamala Harris to run for president in 2020
Midterms 2018: The race is on


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The role of the Health Complaints Commissioner's office is to help you resolve complaints about health service providers.
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The Health Complaints Commissioner is an independent health ombudsman. The role of the office is to assist health service users to resolve complaints about health service providers and improve the quality of healthcare.
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The Health Complaints Commissioner can accept complaints about anyone who claims to provide a health service or anyone who holds health information. This includes:
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When can you make a complaint about a health service?
A complaint can be made about a health services provider who has:
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Who can make a complaint about a health service?
Complaints can be lodged by health service users (patients). If the user of the health service is unable to complain, the Commissioner can accept complaints from relatives, friends or guardians, a health service provider or anyone with sufficient interest if the user gives consent or is unable to make a complaint themselves.
How to complain about a health service
Before lodging a complaint, your first step should be to try and resolve the complaint directly with the health service provider. The Health Complaints Commissioner is not an advocacy service, but assists in mediating or conciliating complaints. If you have trouble resolving your complaint directly with the provider, they can assist you.
Complaints can be made to the Health Complaints Commissioner in writing or by telephone with an assessment officer.
• Office of the Health Complaints Commissioner. Tel: 1300 582 113
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Economic History, Economic Thought, Money & Politics, News, The Fed & Central Banks
Warburton on Theories of Monetary Control and the Fed
by James Dornon March 24, 2022 June 19, 2022
In December 1946, Clark Warburton published an article in the Political Science Quarterly titled, "Monetary Control under the Federal Reserve Act," which was reprinted in chapter 14 of his landmark book, Depression, Inflation, and Monetary Policy (1966). He argues that the Federal Reserve's failure to prevent the Great Depression was "a result, in part, of the inadequacy of the monetary theory underlying the [Federal Reserve] Act and, in part, of the failure to carry out in practice the theory which was embodied in the Act" (Warburton, 1966: 301; all page numbers refer to his book). In particular, if the Fed had taken into account the importance of monetary deficiency, relative to the demand for money, the Great Depression and banking crisis could have been avoided. By focusing on preventing speculation, rather than thinking in terms of a suitable quantity of money to provide for normal production and price stability, the Fed was led to restrict money growth rather than expand it to maintain total spending and income on a level growth path.
Although the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was intended to adhere to what Warburton called the "convertibility theory" of monetary control, the Fed subsequently drifted away from that theory. Nor did the Fed ever fully embrace what Warburton called the "responsibility theory" of monetary control. Hence, he concluded:
Monetary law in the United States is ambiguous and chaotic, does not contain a suitable principle for the exercise of the monetary power held by the Federal Reserve System, and has caused confusion in the development of Federal Reserve policy [316; page numbers refer to the 1966 reprint].
Warburton's concern with the ambiguity of U.S. monetary law may have been expressed more than 75 years ago, but it is still relevant today. As Scott Sumner recently pointed out:
The current ill-defined dual mandate [calling for maximum employment and price stability] allows each side of the political divide to latch onto its preferred policy indicator and to argue that money is either too easy or too tight. This polarization has been especially pronounced during the Great Recession.
A look back at Warburton's thoughts on monetary control and the Fed can shine a light on the need for sound theory and credible institutions that help reduce uncertainty and anchor expectations regarding long-run price stability.
General Theories of Monetary Control
Warburton uses the term "monetary control" to mean "the set of devices designed to provide the nation with a suitable quantity of money" (291), which he viewed as "a necessary condition for maintenance of normal production" (315: fn 30). In studying U.S. monetary history, from the late 1840s to the end of World War 2, Warburton recognized two major theories of monetary control. The first of those theories rested on having a convertible currency and the institutions needed to support it, especially a credible promise to redeem currency in specie. The second theory was applicable to a fiat money regime and required that the monetary authority limit the quantity of money to avoid inflation while providing a suitable quantity of money to maintain normal production.
The Convertibility Theory
Maintenance of a gold standard did not require a central bank. What it did require was trust in the principle of convertibility—both convertibility of one kind of money into another (e.g., bank deposits into currency) and, especially, the direct or indirect convertibility of all forms of money into gold (Warburton, 292).
The Responsibility Theory
This theory holds that the monetary authority should determine the suitable quantity of money that would ensure long-run price stability and normal production, and be held accountable for doing so. Warburton presumes that "some agency of the federal government" would be given responsibility for monetary control, because Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate the value of money (Warburton, 292). Of course, "money," at the time the Constitution was drafted, referred to specie, not paper currency.
Monetary Control under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913
In passing the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, Congress adhered to the convertibility theory of monetary control. According to Warburton (293):
The Federal Reserve Act was drawn in terms of the convertibility theory. The Act contained no provision giving the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Reserve banks, either specifically or by reasonably clear inference, responsibility for monetary control in the sense of making it the duty of any officials in the system to estimate the most suitable quantity of money for the use of the nation and to maintain the quantity of money in accord with that estimate of need.
Monetary reforms always stem from shortcomings in the existing system. The lack of an "elastic currency"—that is, one that responds quickly to changes in the demand for money—was an important reason for establishing the Federal Reserve System. As Warburton (293) put it:
The monetary problem to which the agitation for a "sound currency" was directed was the establishment of a set of conditions under which the total quantity of money (circulating media), and the division of this quantity between bank deposits and pocket currency, would fluctuate in accordance with the decisions of individuals and business enterprises respecting the amount and kind of "cash" which they needed for personal and business use.
It was thought that this outcome—namely, that "the total quantity of circulating media and the quantity of pocket currency would be neither inadequate nor excessive"—would best be achieved if the following conditions were satisfied: (1) "Convertibility of one kind of money into another is assured"; (2) "The standard form of money is directly convertible or redeemable, and . . . all forms of money are indirectly convertible into some highly prized durable commodity, preferably gold"; and (3) "The assets of banks with deposit liabilities or circulating notes serving as money are predominantly short-term loans based on commodities in the course of production or marketing" (Warburton, 293–94).
The Fed was created to fulfill those conditions. However, as Warburton (294) notes, the Federal Reserve Board and Reserve banks "were not given full responsibility either for monetary convertibility or for the limitation of bank assets to the approved types, since existing arrangements deemed satisfactory were not disturbed." Meanwhile, responsibility for issuing gold and silver certificates, as well as minor coins, rested with the Treasury, as did maintaining the convertibility of circulating notes and coins into gold.
The Federal Reserve Act did provide for the issuance of Federal Reserve notes, thus addressing the problem of an inelastic currency. However, confusion of the Fed over loan control versus monetary control and reliance on the real bills doctrine—an unsound principle for monetary control (see Humphrey and Timberlake)—meant that the problem of matching "the total quantity of money (circulating media), irrespective of its form, to the changing needs of business" remained unresolved (Warburton, 296).
Eventually, by ignoring the importance of "erratic money" as the major cause of business cycles, the Fed was misled into engineering the Great Depression by allowing the money supply to shrink by one-third between 1929 and 1933. Warburton understood this error well before Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz published their classic treatise, A Monetary History of the United States, in 1963.
Monetary Control versus Loan Control
Warburton (298) carefully defines the key difference between monetary and loan control—namely, "Monetary control relates to the creation of money, loan control to the borrowing of money already in existence." More generally:
Monetary control relates to the use of credit instruments as a medium of exchange, and the various facets of monetary control pertain almost exclusively to action respecting banks of deposit or the central banking system. Loan control pertains to the adequacy with which financial institutions meet the loan needs of various segments of the economy.
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 did not provide for centralized open-market operations. It was not until the passage of the Banking Act of 1933 that the Federal Reserve Act was amended to establish an Open Market Committee. Warburton (300) argues that the language used to guide the conduct of the Committee was "ambiguous." It reflected the flawed real bills doctrine and diverted attention away from the earlier "dynamic theory of money"—also known as the "theory of monetary disequilibrium" (see Warburton 1966: 28–29 for the basic tenets of that theory; also Dorn.)
The vagueness of Section 8 of the Banking Act, which added Section 12A to the Federal Reserve Act as a guide for conducting open-market operations, is evident:
The time, character and volume of all purchases and sales of paper . . . eligible for open-market operations shall be governed with a view to accommodating commerce and business and with regard to their bearing upon the general credit situation of the country.
The Failure of the Fed
In blaming the failure of the Fed on "inadequacy of theory and practice," Warburton pointed to the following problems:
"Too close a linkage of monetary expansion and contraction with expansion and contraction of indebtedness."
"Inadequate appreciation of the asset transfer problem associated with maintenance of monetary convertibility."
"Lack of clarity and confusion of thought in the use of the word 'credit.'"
"Confusion between the respective roles of quantitative and qualitative guides to central bank action."
"Subservience of monetary policy to government borrowing policy."
"Attempts to modify the theory of monetary control underlying the Federal Reserve Act."
"Monetary theory of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System."
Under (1), "Federal Reserve authorities failed to recognize the . . . distinction between debt policy and monetary policy. They fostered far too close a linkage of monetary expansion and contraction with changes in the intensity of demand for loans" (302).
Under (2), the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 erred in allowing "the assets underlying issues of the two chief forms of money—deposits and circulating notes—[to be] segregated and held by separate institutions" (302). More importantly, the Fed's adherence to the real bills doctrine led the Board to focus on "the problem of meeting apparent loan needs of business enterprises rather than [on] the problem of maintaining monetary convertibility. So long as interest rates were low, the Board [believed it] had no responsibility for providing additional reserves to member banks" (304).
Under (3), Warburton argued that Fed policy was "greatly hampered by ambiguous use of the word 'credit,' particularly in such phrases as 'credit control' and 'credit policy.' Neither of the phrases . . . nor any similar phrase, appears in the original Federal Reserve Act, but the frequent use of such phrases in official publications . . . is undoubtedly associated with the lack of separation in the Act of powers respecting the cost and availability of loans [loan control], on the one hand, and the maintenance of monetary convertibility [monetary control], on the other" (305).
Under (4), Warburton notes that, although the Fed recognized both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of credit policy—that is, the problem of determining both the quantity of credit to extend and its quality—"the Board did not distinguish between the nation's need for bank deposits as the chief part of its circulating medium and the needs of business for bank loans" (306–07). Consequently, "The major public consequence of Federal Reserve action in 1928 and 1929 was a stoppage of normal growth of the nation's money and initiation of the monetary contraction which eventuated in the great depression and the banking crisis" (308).
Under (5), Warburton pointed to the fact that, "Whenever the federal government wishes to borrow money in large amounts, the Federal Reserve Board ceases to be an independent agency." He blamed that problem—now known as "fiscal dominance" (see Dorn)—on two factors: first, "the accommodation of borrowers rather than maintenance of a suitable quantity of money in the economy"; and second, "a specific provision [of the Federal Reserve Act, Section 10] that, "in case of any apparent conflict between the powers of the Board and those of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Board shall exercise such powers under the supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury" (309).
Under (6), Warburton notes that, "The basic character of monetary law embodied in the original Federal Reserve Act has . . . been decisively modified. Gold coinage and its circulation, and redemption of circulating notes in gold, were suspended in 1933 . . . and were permanently prohibited by the Gold Reserve Act of 1934. These changes, together with numerous modifications of the loan powers of Federal Reserve banks and of member banks, constitute a complete abandonment, in law, of the convertibility theory of monetary control" (311). However, the failure of the Fed to stick to the convertibility principle was never replaced by adherence to the responsibility theory of monetary control. As Warburton observes, "In no legislation has the Board of Governors . . . been given responsibility for monetary control. The Federal Reserve System has never been given the duty, either directly or by reasonably clear inference, of adjusting the quantity of money to the needs of the economy"(311).
Finally, under (7), Warburton turns to the 1943 Board of Governors Report, which stated: "The facts show clearly that the volume of money does not control the price level," and "Usually other things have a greater influence on prices than has the amount of money" (313). He goes on to say that, "Regarding the central problem of monetary policy, the relation of such policy to economic stability, the Board of Governors concludes that monetary policy has little influence on economic stability, and that the major cause of inadequate use of the country's economic resources and price fluctuations is variation in the rate of use of money"—that is, changes in the velocity of money (314).
Warburton contests the Board's conclusions and argues that his own statistical work supports "orthodox monetary theory prior to World War I—namely, that changes in the general level of prices depend principally upon changes in the quantity of money relative to the need for money, taking into account the productive capacity of the country and the established monetary habits of the population" (314).
In sum, Warburton (315) presented strong empirical evidence that countered the Fed's analysis of banking crises and the Great Depression. By a close examination of the relevant data, he reached the following conclusions: (1) "The reduction in the rate of use of money associated with the production and sale of goods and services during the Great Depression of the 1930s followed rather than preceded monetary contraction"; (2) "The world-wide severity of that depression was primarily due to monetary contraction in the United States"; (3) "Monetary deficiency is the chief factor originating business depressions or amplifying minor recessions into severe depressions"; and (4) "The monetary deficiency preceding each business depression since establishment of the Federal Reserve System—1921, 1924, 1927, 1930-33, and 1937-38—has been produced by Federal Reserve action impinging on the quantity of bank reserves."
Warburton's Call for a Rules-Based Monetary Regime
To avoid the "ambiguous and chaotic" nature of U.S. monetary law, Warburton advocated following a monetary rule that would keep money growth on a stable path, to avoid both inflation and depression. He recognized that, in certain cases, the velocity of money may initiate business fluctuations, and in that case the money supply should change to offset the change in velocity. However, his research, at the time, showed that the primary cause of business fluctuations was erratic variations in the quantity of money relative to the demand for money.
Warburton laid out his thoughts on "Rules and Implements for Monetary Policy" in the Journal of Finance (March 1953), which was reprinted in Depression, Inflation, and Monetary Policy (1966, chapter 18). According to Warburton (1966, 337):
The most appropriate rule of action for the monetary authorities is that of maintaining a rate of growth in the quantity of the circulating medium which will compare with the general rate of growth in the total output of final products under conditions of "full employment," with such adjustments as may be needed on account of (a) observed trend in the rate of use of circulating medium for purchase of final products, (b) seasonal variations, and (c) any other conditions which have been demonstrated to require variations from the calculated line of growth in the quantity of money in order to maintain stability of prices of final products.
His initial estimate was for a 5 percent annual growth in money for long-run price stability and full employment. However, based on updated statistics and Friedman's work, he later modified the needed growth rate to 4 percent per annum (see Warburton 1966, 377, fn 8).
Although a money growth rule lost its appeal due to financial innovation and shifts in the money demand function (the inverse of the velocity of money), one could argue that, if the Fed had committed to a simple monetary rule, then velocity may have been more predictable, and the relation between money, prices, and nominal income may have been more stable.
In any event, Warburton was a pioneer in developing a monetary theory of the Great Depression (see Bordo and Schwartz) and in calling for a rules-based monetary policy. Today, with inflation at a historic 40-year high, and monetary law still "ill-defined," we can learn from Warburton's early work; in particular, the importance of getting the theory and practice of monetary policy right in order to avoid both inflation and depression.
This entry was posted in Economic History, Economic Thought, Money & Politics, News, The Fed & Central Banks and tagged Fed, Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve Act, Warburton. Bookmark the permalink.
About James Dorn
James A. Dorn is vice president for monetary studies, senior fellow, and director of Cato's annual monetary conference. He has written widely on Federal Reserve policy and monetary reform, and is an expert on China's economic development. He has edited more than ten books, including The Search f...
Money & Politics, News, The Fed & Central Banks
Atta Boy!
Bitcoin: Problems and Prospects
George Selgin/ April 12, 2022 June 19, 2022
The New Deal and Recovery, Part 17: The Keynesian Myth, Concluded
George Selgin/ March 22, 2022 February 7, 2023
Cato Institute Monetary Conference
Jerry O'Driscoll's summary here. Video here.


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2012 GNCC ATV Racing Series
Round #1 - River Ranch
River Ranch, Florida
2012 River Ranch GNCC - Round 1 - ATV Race Season Opener
Chris Borich, Adam McGill, & Taylor Kiser Battle for 2012 GNCC Championship
GNCC ATV Race
Season Links
2012 GNCC Season Schedule
River Ranch, FL (3/10/2012) – The 2012 GNCC racing season starts off with a bang this weekend at River Ranch, Florida where the sandy and rough terrain is always a challenge for both man and machine. The competition will be incredible as three-time Pro ATV champion, Chris Borich gets set to defend his title against the likes of Adam McGill and Taylor Kiser, but they will have their work cut out for them as Borich is one of the toughest racers in the series and has proved time and time again, that he has what it takes to win.
3x GNCC XC1 Pro Champion Chris Borich - LTR450 Sport ATV
Maxxis' #1 Chris Borich will be returning to the 2012 GNCC series to defend his championship. Borich will once again be on board the Suzuki LTR450, but this year, it is without Suzuki support. Despite the lack of factory support, Borich isn't too worried. "We have so much into these bikes and we have done the work to make sure that they are solid. To go with anything else this season would almost be a set back because we would be back doing more development trying to get the quads dialed in," stated Borich.
Last season Borich won nine out of thirteen rounds, and this season he is hoping for more. "I would really like to get a perfect season. It's tough to do, but it obviously can be done. My main focus though is to stay consistent and win as many rounds as possible so I can keep the championship," said Borich.
#2 Adam McGill made the switch to his own program this year & will be racing on his Precision / Lonestar Racing/ Moto-Xperts Honda TRX 450R ATV
Precision Stabilizer's #2 Adam McGill had his best season to date in 2011, winning two rounds and taking second in points for the Can-Am/Warnert Racing team. This year McGill will be returning, but he will be coming back with his own program, which is something he is very excited about. "I'm going to be running my own program and be in control of what goes on with every aspect of it. This is something that I have wanted to do for a long time and it is a great opportunity for me. I have been training hard and I am going to go out there and try to win a championship," stated McGill who will be on a Precision / Lonestar Racing/ Moto-Xperts Honda TRX 450R for the 2012 season.
The Yamaha / Ballance Racing team will bring back #3 Taylor Kiser for 2012. Kiser showed remarkable consistency last season, never finishing below sixth place, which earned him third in series points. Kiser has spent a lot of time in the last few seasons working with Bill Ballance in the development of the YFZ450R and training with the 9-time champion.
9 Time GNCC Pro ATV Champion Bill Ballance - Yamaha YFZ450R ATV
Yamaha / Ballance Racing's Taylor Kiser - Yamaha YFZ450R ATV
"Bill is very knowledgeable about set up and training. He has really helped me out a lot and I have learned quite a bit from him. He has a good program in place for us, and I think it's going to be a very successful year," said Kiser.
::CONTINUED::
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