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Israel's Rights Spelled Clearly (Reblogged)
With the applications of Taqiyya and Goebbels-like propaganda , the world has accepted certain fallacies i.e. the 'Palestinians' or 'Occupied territory' or 'illegal settlements'.
And now the facts…
This review, with legal and historical background that is essential to understanding Jewish rights in the land, will be succinct, with links to informational sites for those who wish to know more.
It is important to save and share this material, as it provides data critical for properly defending Israel. Emphasis has been added to certain key phrases.
With the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the Second Jewish Commonwealth came to an end. From then until modern times, what had been Judah, and was renamed Palestina by the Romans, was only an appendage to one empire or another, never an independent country.
Jewish legal rights in the land in modern times began with the San Remo Conference and resultant San Remo resolution, which has been called the Jewish Magna Carta.
For centuries, Palestine had been part of the (Turkish, Muslim) Ottoman Empire. With the end of WWI, the land of that Empire was taken by the Allies. Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, with the US as observer, met in San Remo, Italy, to decide how it would be divided: Palestine was put under British Mandatory rule.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/san_remo.html
At San Remo it was decided to incorporate the Balfour Declaration into Britain's mandate. The Declaration, in the form of a letter, was an endorsement by the British government of the establishment of a Jewish home in Palestine. Written in 1917 by the British Foreign Secretary Lord Balfour, and sent to Lord Rothschild, it stated:
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, , and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object."
Full text of letter: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/balfour.html
By "Right"
In June 1922, Winston Churchill, who was then British Secretary of State for the Colonies, wrote in a policy paper that:
"…in order that this community should have the best prospect of free development and provide a full opportunity for the Jewish people to display its capacities, it is essential that it should know that it is in Palestine as of right and not on sufferance."
http://www.mideastweb.org/1922wpcor.htm
League of Nations Formalizes Mandate
In July 1922, the League of Nations, predecessor to the UN, formally adopted the British Mandate for Palestine — a legally binding document that was approved by all 51 members of the League of Nations.
It agreed that:
"the Mandatory [Britain] should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917 [Balfour Declaration], by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people…"
And it gave recognition to:
"the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country."
The term "reconstituting" gave acknowledgement to the fact that there had been a Jewish nation in Palestine at an earlier time.
Full text of resolution: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp
"Mandate" Explained
The mandatory system of the League of Nations was based on the principle of Allied administration of Mandate territories until such time as they were able to stand alone. That is, it was understood at the beginning that the British would ultimately withdraw, leaving an established Jewish homeland.
http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C61B138F4DBB08A0052565D00058EE1B
Area of Mandate Palestine
Credit: Hebroots
The original area of Palestine, for which the British Mandate was assigned, included Transjordan (what is today Jordan, on the eastern side of the Jordan River).
In September 1922, very soon after the League of Nations had adopted the Mandate resolution, Britain assigned TransJordan to Hashemite Arabs from Saudi Arabia. The Jewish part of the Mandate was thus reduced by over 70%.
Jews then had the right to settle anywhere in a 10,000 sq.mi. area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea.
Credit: Fanack
Mandate Transfer to UN
With the formal demise of the League of Nations in 1946, the United Nations was established to succeed it. The UN assumed obligations of the League: Territories under Mandate were to have a "trusteeship system" applied — this was a continuation of the Mandate system of the League.
Article 80 of the UN declared that "nothing in the [UN] Charter shall be construed…to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or peoples or the terms of existing international instruments." This preserved the Jewish right to settle in Palestine.
http://www.fsmlaw.org/miscdocs/uncharter.htm
Violence in Palestine
From the time of the establishment of the Mandate for Palestine, Arab challenges to it were considerable, and were often expressed violently. This was in spite of the fact at that the same that the Mandate for Palestine was established for the Jewish homeland, Mandates for Syria, Lebanon and Iraq were established, all for Arab populations. Arabs were, and still are, offended by the presence of a Jewish state.
Perhaps most grievous of all was the Hebron massacre of 1929: for three days Arabs went on a murderous rampage in the city, killing 67 Jews and destroying property. In the aftermath, the second holiest city of the Jews was left bereft of Jews for the first time in hundreds of years. (Ultimately the British prevented Jews from living in the city because they said they couldn't protect them.)
More: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron29.html
Partition of Palestine
In 1947, the British, who no longer wished to contend with the situation, declared intention to pull out by mid-1948, and turned the Mandate back to the United Nations. A UN Commission considered the matter and recommended a partition of Palestine into one state for the Jews and one for the Arabs, with Jerusalem to be internationalized at first.
This recommendation was placed before the General Assembly as Resolution 181, which was adopted on November 29, 1947 by a vote of 33 to 12, with 10 abstentions. The Arab nations voted as a bloc against.
It is imperative to note that General Assembly Resolutions carry no weight in international law. This resolution was only a recommendation — it was not binding and it did not supersede the Mandate for Palestine in international law.
The text of the resolution:http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm
Legally, this plan would have had binding force only as an agreement between the two parties, i.e., the Jews of Palestine and the Arabs of Palestine.
However, while the Jewish population of Palestinian accepted the proposal, the Arab population did not:they rejected the entire resolution. Thus the partition plan was aborted.
See more here: http://www.mythsandfacts.org/conflict/10/resolution-181.pdf
There is no way for Arabs today to re-instate this resolution or to claim that Jews have a right to only what was defined as a Jewish state by this aborted resolution.
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
On May 14, 1948 (Hebrew date: 5th of Iyar 5708), the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation, declaring the establishment of the State of Israel.
It asserted the natural right of the Jewish people to be like all other peoples, exercising self-determination in its sovereign state and proclaimed the establishment of a Jewish state named "the State of Israel."
See text: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Dec_of_Indep.html
It is important to note that Israel's legal legitimacy did not derive from the aborted partition plan — even though the state was founded on that portion of Palestine that Resolution 181 had allocated for a Jewish state.
It was established according to international norms: based on a declaration of independence by its people and on the establishment of an orderly government within territory under its stable control.
The portion of Palestine on which Israel was not established became unclaimed Mandate land. Nothing in international law had superseded the status of this land as Mandate land.
Within a day of the establishment of the State of Israel, it was attacked by the states of the Arab League, with clear, openly stated, intention of destroying the new state.
Credit: buildersofzion
When the war ended in 1949, Israel controlled more territory than it had when independence was declared. Egypt controlled Gaza, and Jordan controlled Judea and Samaria (the West Bank). Western Jerusalem was in Israel's hands, and eastern Jerusalem in Jordan's hands.
Armistice agreements were signed between Israel and the Arab states with which it had been at war. Armistice lines — temporary ceasefire lines — were defined by these agreements. They are often referred to as the Green Line.
These armistice demarcation lines did not define a permanent border for Israel. The agreement between Israel and Jordan includes this phrase:
"The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined…in this Agreement are agreed upon by the Parties without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines…"
This is exceedingly important because the PLO/PA claims that this line is Israel's "real" border and the line to which it must withdraw. This is simply not the case.
From June 5 to June 10, 1967, Israel fought a defensive war against Arab forces from Egypt, Syria and Jordan.
Details here: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/67_War.html
When it was over, Israel had control of all of Jerusalem, which was united under Israeli sovereignty; the Golan Heights, to which Israeli civil law was applied; the Sinai, which was surrendered as part of the 1979 peace treaty with Egypt; Gaza, which was surrendered in the 2005 disengagement; and Judea and Samaria.
In November 1967, the Security Council adopted Resolution 242, which addressed the situation.
This resolution did not require Israel to withdraw to the Green Line. Instead it acknowledged the right of every state in the area "to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force."
Implicit here was the understanding that the Green Line did not represent a secure boundary. Israel suffered from a lack of strategic depth within the Green Line — at its narrowest only nine miles wide — which invited attack and made defense in war time difficult. (This is why Israeli statesman Abba Eban referred to the Green Line as the "Auschwitz borders.")
Thus this resolution called for Israel to withdraw from "territories occupied in the recent conflict." "Territories," not "the territories" or "all territories," meaning, withdrawal from*some but not all of the area of Judea and Samaria. There is a legal history of long debate over this wording, because of its significance. Not full withdrawal because that would not leave Israel with a secure boundary.
The Three Territories gained from the defensive war of June 1967 were –
1) The Territory referred to as the Golan Height from Syria. — A Section of the Golan Heights was returned to Syria.
2) The Territory referred to as Judea and Samaria or the West Bank from Jordan
3) The Territory referred to as the Sinai from Egypt. — ALL was returned to Egypt.
THERE IS NO REASON TO RETURN ANY of Judea and Samaria.
Since the 'Territories' > (plural) belonging to Syria AND Egypt were returned, THAT fulfills legal obligations.)
Once again, then, we see that the claim of the PLO/PA that Israel "must" withdraw to the Green Line is not supported by the facts.
Lastly, the resolution called for "a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution." That is, it called for negotiations to determine the final border of Israel.
There was no requirement that Israel withdraw prior to negotiations. And those negotiations have never been held. At the time of this resolution, it was assumed that negotiations would be with Jordan. Today the situation has changed.
For a more detailed explanation and text of the resolution:
http://www.mythsandfacts.org/conflict/10/resolution-242.pdf
There is nothing in Resolution 242 that forbids construction of settlements in Judea and Samaria by Israel. As this issue is a critical one now, we need to look at this a bit closer:
Israel is not an "occupier" in Judea and Samaria.
The word "occupation" is bandied about regularly. The PA/PLO have adopted the idea of Israel as "occupier" as a mantra and much of the world has accepted it. But the facts tell us something else.
[] Judea and Samaria were (and still are) unclaimed Mandate land, to which Israel has the strongest claim.
[] Legally, occupation only occurs when one nation moves into the land of another. But there was no nation legally sovereign in Judea and Samaria before 1967 — Jordan's presence there was not legal.
http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Belligerent+occupation
[] There are strong legal precedents for the claim that a war fought defensively permits retention of the land secured in that war.
Wrote Steven Schwiebel, former judge of the International Court of Justice:
"…the Israeli conquest of Arab and Arab-held territory was defensive rather than aggressive conquest.
"…it follows that modifications of the 1949 armistice lines.. are lawful…whether those modifications are, in Secretary Rogers's words, 'insubstantial alterations required for mutual security' or more substantial alterations – such as recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the whole of Jerusalem." (Emphasis added)
http://www.2nd-thoughts.org/id248.html
[] With all of the above, it should not be forgotten that areas over the Green Line, in eastern Jerusalem and Judea and Samaria, represent the very heart of Jewish heritage: From the Temple Mount; to Hevron and the Cave of Machpelah, where the matriarch and patriarchs are buried; to Shilo, where the Tabernacle was brought. How can Jews be "occupiers" in their own ancient land?
People have the impression that "international law" is a firmly defined body of law. In point of fact, while some international law is established in formal documents, others aspects are very fluid. Just as is the case with "occupation," there is a tendency to politicize this term, so that Israel is forever accused of "violating international law." Be most cautious when hearing this.
There are, as well, instances in which "international law" is interpreted to mean one thing for Israel and another for other countries.
One fascinating example has to do with the Temple Mount; to Hevron and the Cave of Machpelah which says "the Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies." You may have heard accusations that Israel is in defiance of this Article because of the "settlers."
There are two obvious retorts to this: First, that Israel is not an occupier, and second, that Israel is not deporting or transferring parts of its own civilian population — the people go of their own volition.
Eugene Kontorovich, however, is currently doing research for a paper and has discovered something else: There are many instances of movement of civilian population into occupied territory. However, while international lawyers claim that Israel must actively oppose civilian migration, refuse to provide services to settlers, etc., in these other instances the reaction is much more tempered. That is, the presumed requirements of "international law" are applied selectively to Israel.
http://www.volokh.com/2012/11/27/other-countries-settlements/
The Oslo Accords, promoted originally by Shimon Peres, Yossi Beilin and others, was founded on the assumption, which proved to be seriously and dangerously erroneous, that peace might be achieved between Israel and the PLO, considered the official representative of the Palestinian Arab people. On September 13, 1993, the Declaration of Principles was signed between Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO.
The PLO never properly ratified these Accords, although there was pretense of having done so. Even more significantly, the PLO was committed to changing clauses in its Charter that call for Israel's destruction. Again, there was pretense — a committee to effect the changes was formed — but it never happened. The PLO Charter of 1968, which calls for Israel's destruction, is still in place.
It says that Palestine as defined by the Mandate is indivisible and that "armed struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine."
http://www.iris.org.il/plochart.htm
On May 4, 1994, the first agreement was signed, spelling out a limited pullback of Israeli forces in Gaza and Jericho, with the PLO moving into those areas. At this time the Palestinian Authority was founded as an interim administrative authority for a period of five years.
On September 28, 1995, the Interim Agreement (called Oslo II) was signed. This called for a more extensive pullback from major Arab population centers, with the PA assuming responsibility. Three areas were defined: (A) in which the PA has total control, (B) in which the PA has civil control and Israel retains responsibility for security, and (C), in which Israel has total control.
All Jewish settlements in Judea and Samaria are in Area (C). There is nothing in this Interim Agreement that prohibits or restricts the establishment or expansion of Jewish communities in that area.
According to Oslo agreements, so called "final status issues" must be resolved via negotiations: Borders of Israel, potential division of Jerusalem, the nature of the Palestinian Arab entity, etc.
Unilateral actions that achieve a change in the basic situation are said to be a violation of the Accords, which require negotiations.
PLEASE NOTE: The Oslo Accords do not specifically call for the formation of a full Palestinian State, although that is the working assumption today. The goal, as stated in the Declaration of Principles is "negotiations…leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council resolutions 242…" (From 1967, discussed above.) These were supposed to be the negotiations that would finally determine Israel's border to the east. Until his death, PM Yitzhak Rabin spoke of an autonomy for the Palestinian Arabs that was short of full statehood. With these negotiations was to come peace.
Declaration of Principles:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/israel_and_the_palestinians/key_documents/1682727.stm
Interim Agreement
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/interim.html
Put simply, this is a Muslim propensity for falsehoods or deception in certain circumstances. This behavior is not only approved but sometimes mandated by Sharia (Islamic) law if it benefits Islam or protects Muslims.
See: http://www.islam-watch.com/Warner/Taqiyya-Islamic-Principle-Lying-for-Allah.htm
The fact that Palestinian Arabs practice taqiyya — which Islamic scholar Raymond Ibrihim says is mainstream in Islam, and…very prevalent in Islamic politics — makes it more difficult for Israel to make its case.
Palestinian Arabs, for example, claim that they are the indigenous population in Palestine, descended from the Canaanites or other ancient peoples, while the Jews have no history in the land.
The reality is that those who today call themselves "Palestinians," until a few decades ago identified simply as part of the Arab nation. In fact, before the founding of the modern state of Israel, it was the Jews who were referred to as Palestinians, not the Arabs.
Similarly, Palestinian Arabs say that the Jews are on "their" land and must give it back.
The reality is that there has never been a Palestinian state, on this land or anywhere. There is no case to be made for calling it "their" land.
As well, the Palestinian Arabs say they want a "two-state solution" and will live in peace next to Israel, if Israel will only return to it's Green Line "borders."
The reality is that the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) was founded in 1964,before Israel had secured Judea, Samaria and Gaza. What the PLO wanted to "liberate" was Israel inside the Green Line.
If it is reproduced and emphasis is added, the fact that it has been added must be noted.
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Inappropriate Use of the Fourth Geneva Convention
By Eli E. Hertz
The language of Article 49 was crafted in the wake of World War II and the Nazi occupation – an occupation that led to a war of aggression in which Nazi Germany attacked its neighbors with impunity, committing a host of atrocities against civilian populations, including deportation and displacement of local populations in occupied Europe. Millions were sent to forced labor camps and those of particular ethnic origin, most notably the Jews, were sent to their deaths in the gas chambers. The drafters of Article 49 were concerned with preventing future genocide against humanity.
Critics and enemies of Israel, including members of the UN and organs such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have come to use the Geneva Convention as a weapon against Israel, even when statements by authoritative analysts, scholars and drafters of the document contradict everything said by those who distort history for politically motivated reasons.
It is common knowledge that from its birth, Israel follows customarily international humanitarian law without being told or forced to do so by outside authorities.
"Occupied Territory"
The term "occupied territory," which appears in the Fourth Geneva Convention, originated as a result of the Nazi occupation of Europe. Though it has become common parlance to describe the West Bank and Gaza as "occupied territories," there is no legal basis for using this term in connection to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Professor Julius Stone, a leading authority on the Law of Nations, categorically rejected the use of the term "occupied territory" to describe the territories controlled by Israel on the following counts:
(1) Article 49 relates to the invasion of sovereign states and is inapplicable because the West Bank did not and does not belong to any other state.
(2) The drafting history of Article 49 [Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War] – that is, preventing "genocidal objectives" must be taken into account. Those conditions do not exist in Israel's case.
(3) Settlement of Jews in the West Bank is voluntary and does not displace local inhabitants. Moreover, Stone asserted: that "no serious dilution (much less extinction) of native populations" [exists]; rather "a dramatic improvement in the economic situation of the [local Palestinian] inhabitants since 1967 [has occurred]."
Deportation and Forced Transfer
Arab opposition to Jewish settlements is based on the last paragraph of Article 49. The "Occupying Power" may not "Deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies."
One can hardly believe this baseless ICJ assertion that Israel, the only free and democratic country in the Middle East used "deportation" and "forced transfer" of its own population into "occupied territories."
Article 2 of the Fourth Geneva Convention
Article 2 of the Fourth Geneva Convention applies only to conflicts that "arise between two or more high Contracting Parties," which is not the case at hand, as Israel is the only High Contracting Party (or state) in this conflict, and Jordan never was. Thus, the Fourth Geneva Convention is inapplicable!
Professor Julius Stone, one of the twentieth century leading authorities on the Law of Nations touches on the applicability of Article 49 of the Geneva Convention, writing on the subject in 1980:
"That because of the ex iniuria principle [unjust acts cannot create law], Jordan never had nor now has any legal title in the West Bank, nor does any other state even claim such title. Article 49 seems thus simply not applicable. Even if it were, it may be added that the facts of recent voluntary settlements seem not to be caught by the intent of Article 49 which is rather directed at the forced transfer of the belligerent's inhabitants to the occupied territory, or the displacement of the local inhabitants, for other than security reasons.
Support to Stone's assertion can be found in Sir Professor Elihu Lauterpacht's writing in 1968:
"Thus Jordan's occupation of the Old City-and indeed of the whole of the area west of the Jordan river-entirely lacked legal justification; and being defective in this way could not form any basis for Jordan validly to fill the sovereignty vacuum in the Old City [and whole of the area west of the Jordan River]."
Professor Eugene Rostow, past Dean of Yale Law School, U.S. under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, and a key draftee of UN Resolution 242, concluded that the Fourth Geneva Convention is not applicable to Israel's legal position and notes:
"The opposition to Jewish settlements in the West Bank also relied on a legal argument – that such settlements violated the Fourth Geneva Convention forbidding the occupying power from transferring its own citizens into the occupied territories. How that Convention could apply to Jews who already had a legal right, protected by Article 80 of the United Nations Charter, to live in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, was never explained." It seems that the International Court of Justice never explained it either.
Article 80 of the United Nations Charter
The Mandates of the League of Nations have a special status in international law. They are considered to be trusts, indeed 'sacred trusts.' A trust does not end because the trustee dies [or] resigns.
UN Article 80 was specifically created in San Francisco on 26 June 1945 to protect the Jewish right of settlement in Palestine under the mandate against erosion in a world of ambitious states. Jews legal rights of settlements survived the British withdrawal in 1948.
The International Court of Justice [ICJ], Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court [ICC), and the Fourth Geneva Convention lack the authority to affect ownership of the Territories of Judea and Samaria known also as the West Bank.
The Source (original publication) to the MYTHS and FACTS publication of "Inappropriate Use of the Fourth Geneva Convention" can be viewed at:http://www.MYTHSandFACTS.org/article_view.asp?articleID=255
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Excellent synopsis. Any chance to have this in other languages? ( Spanish, Portuguese, etc ? ). Thanks.
Phillip Pasmanick
Not by me….sorry!
pkorman
Thank you for reposting this work. Much has been spent to rewrite history in favor of the Arab position. It is well past time for a full hearing.
It is also imperative that this information about the State of Israel and his international legal status may correspond to the correct and undistorted facts in Wikipedia too, as it is the world's most as a "reference" read source for everyone!
Unfortunately, Wikipedia is written by the public…not historians. As soon as it becomes historically correct, an anti-Israel zealot will change it. Too bad the masses don't consider that. Thank G-d there are hundreds of PROPER LEGITIMATE sources!!
Joachim Graf von Dieter
EXCELLENT ! AM ISRAEL CHAI !!!
Zvi
The most infuriating aspect is that few Israeli politicians that insist on these truths' practical ramifications in the face of the Israeli public and the world are voted into power, and even fewer of them have the courage to resist outside pressures to make further concessions.
And I have not even mentioned the territory that actually belongs to Israel in the Horan region of today's Syria.
What a lot of nonsense. According to the ISRAELI GOVERNMENT the Mandate expired midnight May 14th 1948 (me time) http://pages.citebite.com/l1i0y3s8t7gjw
The Mandate had to end in order that the Jewish and/or Arab States be declared as independent. One cannot be independent under a Mandate.
Israel's Declaration came into effect at 00:01 May 15th 1948 (me time) according to the ISRAELI GOVERNMENT of 1948
May 15, 1948 Letter From the Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States, "MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have the honor to notify you that the state of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its Resolution of November 29, 1947, and that a provisional government has been charged to assume the rights and duties of government for preserving law and order within the boundaries of Israel, for defending the state against external aggression, and for discharging the obligations of Israel to the other nations of the world in accordance with international law. The Act of Independence will become effective at one minute after six o'clock on the evening of 14 May 1948, Washington time."http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/documents/newPDF/49.pdf
Then explain Trans-Jordan, or even Jordan, since, under your assumption "One cannot be independent under a Mandate."
You are of course entitled to your opinion.
People need to look at the point of six minutes fifty seconds of the above video from Howard Grief and also the point of seven minutes twenty-eight seconds. Those points are very important.
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Tags Armistice Demarcation Lines, Stephen Darori, Stephen Drus, stephendarori, stephendrus
Top 10 Fast Facts about Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon was known as The Bulldozer: a larger-than-life, blustering figure who came to dominate the domestic political scene as much by his sheer physical presence as by his rhetoric. He died this afternoon at the age of 85. Here are some important facts you need to know about this very important leader.
10. Unit 101
In 1953, Sharon created an elite military group called Unit 101. This special branch of the Israel Defense Forces was responsible for the launching of retaliatory strikes against Palestinian terrorists.
9. Renewed friendship with Africa
He renewed diplomatic ties with some African nations that had been cut off nearly a decade earlier. He also assisted with the immigration of large numbers of Ethiopian Jews to Israel.
8. Lebanon War 1982
Sharon allied himself with pro-Christian Lebanese, and supported a new government that was led by Bachir Gemayel. After Gemayel was assassination, a faction of Gemayel's supporters attacked the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila. Palestinians held Sharon accountable for the terror. Sharon would later explain that the militia was supposed to rid them of any remaining terrorists. The Lebanese War put a dent on Sharon's career as a military and political figure.
7. Meat lover
Sharon, 5-foot-7 and a meat lover, at times had weighed more than 300 pounds. Doctors ordered him to go on a diet in 2005 after a minor stroke. Stories of Sharon's appetite and obesity were legendary in Israel. He would often stock his car with caviar, vodka, and snacks.
6. Eldest Son
Sharon's eldest son, Gur, died at age 11 in a gun accident in 1967. Gur was playing with his friend when they found an antique gun and the friend accidentally pulled the trigger. Gur died in Sharon's arms on the way to the hospital.
5. Hometown
Sharon was very connected to his family farm in the Negev Desert. He asked for updated information when every calf was born, according to Sharon: The Life of a Leader.
4. Roadmap to peace
In May 2003, Sharon approved the Road Map for Peace, which paved the way to open a dialogue with Mahmud Abbas, showing his willingness to establish a Palestinian state.
3. Marriage
Sharon was married twice. His first wife Margaret died in a car crash in 1962. He soon remarried Margaret's sister Lily and the two were married until Lily died of cancer in 200.
2. Health problems
Sharon suffered a minor ischemic stroke, while still in office. He had no major health concerns before the major stroke that left him in a coma for 8 years. His obesity, combined with high cholesterol, contributed to his failing health.
1.Legacy
He is ranked among the most powerful leaders in the history of Israel, who succeeded in removing the Israeli soldiers from Gaza. Unfortunately, he did not live to see the tensions diminish.
Sabra, Shatila bid good riddance to Israel's Sharon
No Tears for Sharon at Site of Sabra and Shatila Massacre
Ariel Sharon dies at 85, eight years after stroke that felled him
Ariel Sharon – A Portrait in Blood and Sand
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file prior to starting up, and if it exists, it aborts.
tomcat can then update it with the actual pid of the tomcat process.
instead of just the existence of it (ie: use -s instead of -f).
I submit a patch request for catalina.sh with this change?


text:
Q: Filtering Dictionary with List of Lists as Value I have a dictionary with values being a list of lists, e.g.:
Review_dict["0002"]

[['0002', '0292', '4', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 11, 1, 34)],
 ['0002', '0251', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 2, 24)],
 ['0002', '0050', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 3, 24)],
 ['0002', '0314', '1', datetime.datetime(1998, 3, 4, 10, 5, 45)]]

I want to remove certain list (within the "big" list), where 2nd element = '0251' or '0314'.
e.g. Review_dict["0002"] should become:
[['0002', '0292', '4', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 11, 1, 34)],
 ['0002', '0050', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 3, 24)]]

I have come up with this code but I want to know if there's a simpler/ more elegant way to do so.
remove = ['0251', '0314']

for key in list(Review_dict):
    for ID in remove:
        for num in range(len(Review_dict[key])):
            if Review_dict[key][num][1] == ID:
                del Review_dict[key][num]

A: You could just mutate the values of your outer dict:
remove = ['0251', '0314']

for v in Review_dict.values():
    v[:] = (lst for lst in v if lst[1] not in remove)

Generally, one should not repeatedly remove from a list as each remove has linear complexity. Building from scratch is the better option. Whether this performs better depends on your data and how much there actually is to remove.
As a mutation, the slice assignment v[:] = ... allows to ignore the keys of the outer dict entirely as you don't need to rebind them.

A: You can use list comprehension as:
import datetime
Review_dict = dict()

Review_dict["0002"] = [['0002', '0292', '4', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 11, 1, 34)],
 ['0002', '0251', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 2, 24)],
 ['0002', '0050', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 3, 24)],
 ['0002', '0314', '1', datetime.datetime(1998, 3, 4, 10, 5, 45)]]

print(Review_dict)
Review_dict["0002"] = [l for l in Review_dict["0002"] if l[1] not in ['0251', '0314']]
print(Review_dict)

Output:
{'0002': [['0002', '0292', '4', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 11, 1, 34)], ['0002', '0050', '5', datetime.datetime(1998, 2, 27, 12, 3, 24)]]}

Here you only take elements which satisfy the criteria i.e. first element of inner list is not present in some other list of elements.

A: You can use the filter method and pass a lambda function
Review_dict["0002"] = list(filter(lambda x:x[1] not in remove,Review_dict["0002"]))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Read Alikes
Write Your Own Reviews
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Patricia and Fredrick McKissack
Patricia and Fredrick McKissack have known each other almost their entire lives. "We grew up in the same town, where every family knew every other family," Pat recalls. Fred proposed to Pat on their second date, and they were married four months later. That was in 1964 — the same year they graduated from college. It was also a time of great changes, with the civil rights movement in full swing.
"It was a time of nonviolent change," Fred says. "Life actually changed for us all. In a sense we marched from the Old South to a new America. We moved from being a segregated society toward a nation that tried to live up to its constitutional guarantees." The fact that children today find it difficult to understand what it was like to live during that period inspires the McKissacks to make the past come alive for young readers.
"One of the reasons we write for children is to introduce them to African and African-American history and historical figures and to get them to internalize the information not just academically, but also emotionally. We want them to feel the tremendous amount of hurt and sadness that racism and discrimination cause all people, regardless of race," Fred explains.
Pat and Fredrick have co-written more than 50 books. Fred is the researcher, while Pat does the writing. Their titles include: Sojourner Truth: Ain't I a Woman?, Jesse Jackson: A Biography, Frederick Douglass: The Black Lion, and many more. "There is no magic formula for writing books together. Pat and I talk all the time," says Fred.
"After talking through a project, we outline it," continues Pat. "Then Fred does most of the digging and the research, and I write it up on the computer and run off a hard copy. Fred fact-checks and refines it, and then gives it back to me so that I can add his changes and any more of my own."
"Then we run off another hard copy and we keep doing that until the manuscript satisfies us both," says Fred.
"We get up every morning and go to work like folks who have regular jobs. Our office is in our home, so we simply go downstairs to go to work. We try to start work between 9 and 9:30 a.m., and we work until we finish what we set out to do that day. It's a nice blend, working together; we don't sent memos back and forth because we're so close, " says Pat.---from http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/biograph/biography_meet.htm
Learn more about Patricia and Fredrick McKissack: http://read.gov/exquisite-corpse/mckissack.html
Books by Patricia and Fredrick McKissack: https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/patricia-c-mckissack/202206/
Their books include the Famous African Americans series:
https://www.goodreads.com/series/235837 https://www.thriftbooks.com/series/famous-african-americans/130075/
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text:
Q: add and Rcpp file to an existing r Package? I have already made a simple R package (pure R) to solve a problem with brute force then I tried to faster the code by writing the Rcpp script. I wrote a script to compare the running time with the "bench" library. now, how can I add this script to my package? I tried to add
#'@importFrom Rcpp cppFunction

on top of my R script and inserting the Rcpp file in the scr folder but didn't work. Is there a way to add it to my r package without creating the package from scratch? sorry if it has already been asked but I am new to all this and completely lost.

A: That conversion is actually (still) surprisingly difficult (in the sense of requiring more than just one file). It is easy to overlook details. Let me walk you through why.
Let us assume for a second that you started a working package using the R package package.skeleton().  That is the simplest and most general case.  The package will work (yet have warning, see my pkgKitten package for a wrapper than cleans up, and a dozen other package helping functions and packages on CRAN).  Note in particular that I have said nothing about roxygen2 which at this point is a just an added complication so let's focus on just .Rd files.
You can now contrast your simplest package with one built by and for Rcpp, namely by using Rcpp.package.skeleton().  You will see at least these differences in

*

*DESCRIPTION for LinkingTo: and Imports

*NAMESPACE for importFrom as well as the useDynLib line

*a new src directory and a possible need for src/Makevars
All of which make it easier to (basically) start a new package via Rcpp.package.skeleton() and copy your existing package code into that package.  We simply do not have a conversion helper.  I still do the "manual conversion" you tried every now and then, and even I need a try or two and I have seen all the error messages a few times over...
So even if you don't want to "copy everything over" I think the simplest way is to

*

*create two packages with and without Rcpp

*do a recursive diff

*ensure the difference is applied in your original package.

PS And remember that when you use roxygen2 and have documentation in the src/ directory to always first run Rcpp::compileAttributes() before running roxygen2::roxygenize().  RStudio and other helpers do that for you but it is still easy to forget...


www.rdpitts.com (866) 473-7488 SSDI & Bankruptcy Attorneys Pitts & Zanaty, AL. Serving Clients in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi & Florida.
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Why would u get a bankruptcy attorney?


text:
package org.ebayopensource.turmeric.tools.errorlibrary;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

import org.ebayopensource.turmeric.junit.asserts.PathAssert;
import org.junit.Assert;

public final class CodeGenAssert {
	private CodeGenAssert() {
		/* prevent instantiation */
	}

	public static File assertJavaSourceExists(File destDir, String classname) {
		File javaFile = new File(destDir, classname.replace('.', File.separatorChar) + ".java");
		PathAssert.assertFileExists("Java Source File", javaFile);
		return javaFile;
	}

	public static void assertClassPackage(Class<?> actualClazz,
			String expectedPackageName) {
		Assert.assertThat("Package Name", actualClazz.getPackage().getName(),
				is(expectedPackageName));
	}

	public static void assertClassIsPublic(Class<?> actualClazz) {
		Assert.assertTrue("Class name should be " + actualClazz.getName(),
				Modifier.isPublic(actualClazz.getModifiers()));
	}

	public static void assertClassName(Class<?> actualClazz, String expectedName) {
		Assert.assertThat("Class Name", actualClazz.getSimpleName(), is(expectedName));
	}

	public static void assertFieldIsPublicStaticFinal(Field actualField) {
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be public: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isPublic(actualField.getModifiers()));
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be static: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isStatic(actualField.getModifiers()));
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be final: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isFinal(actualField.getModifiers()));
	}

	public static void assertFieldIsPrivateStaticFinal(Field actualField) {
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be private: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isPrivate(actualField.getModifiers()));
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be static: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isStatic(actualField.getModifiers()));
		Assert.assertTrue(
				"Field access should be final: "
						+ actualField.toGenericString(),
				Modifier.isFinal(actualField.getModifiers()));
	}

	public static void assertFieldType(Field actualField,
			Class<String> expectedClass) {
		Assert.assertThat("Field type: " + actualField.toGenericString(),
				actualField.getType().getName(), is(expectedClass.getName()));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Over the next couple of weeks I'll be doing interviews with local candidates to get their stance on the PennEast pipeline, how they intend to deal with it and how they can help us win. If you have a candidate you want me to interview , shoot me an email at thecostofthepipeline@gmail.com.
First up is Sam Thompson, who's running for one of the open Township Committee seats in Delaware Township.
Thompson: I have run for office before, and after 4 losses I decided that I could be of service in other ways. A little over a year ago I heard about this pipeline and I began to get involved. By February I was given responsibility by our township's Pipeline Subcommittee for supplying scoping questions about pipeline safety. I also spoke during one of the FERC scoping sessions.
It was clear to me by then that our township needed a boost in its efforts to fight the pipeline. So, with the encouragement of many people in my Township, I entered the race.
In addition to the amount of information I have learned about this pipeline project, I also have a good deal of experience with project accounting and budgeting. After reviewing our township budgets from the last few years, I believe Delaware Township needs a new approach to managing its finances. My educational background in analysis and my problem solving skills gained over my 25+ year career in IT will be very valuable in fixing our financial issues.
Thompson: I oppose the PennEast pipeline project for a multitude of reasons, primarily that a private company can use eminent domain for its own economic gain.
Thompson: I think our township was wise to create a pipeline subcommittee and give it a very strong leader. I wish our township committee would speak with a stronger voice in opposition to the pipeline.
It is my goal to change that.
4) What is your opinion on PennEast's purpose and need? Will this be a net-benefit to people in NJ?
Thompson: I see no real purpose for the pipeline. PennEast has not proven there is a need for this gas in NJ (or PA, NY, DE for that matter).
5) If you're against the pipeline, how do you plan on fighting it going into PennEast application period?
Working with our state representatives to continue encouraging NJDEP to stick its guns regarding the permitting process.
Thompson: Please see my answer to question 8. I believe these questions are intertwined.
Thompson: Each township has been working over the last year to collect information about how to deal with impacts from this project. We should be able to combine all of this information to provide a "database" for all of the communities along the pipeline's path.
Residents with questions and concerns would have the benefit of this combined wealth of information.
Townships can also align on a very consistent message to county, state, and federal officials and agencies.
While staying away from endorsing private services, this database can include contacts for experts who can answer questions about water, septic, etc..
The model used by the XXCAP organizations [Citizens Against the Pipeline] is a good one. Each of us knows our localities best, but when there is a resource that can help beyond a local border, it is shared (such as intervenor training). If we stop the pipeline in one town, we stop it in all towns.
Thompson: The approach to this fight is proving to be an excellent model for how townships can engage directly state and federal agencies. It is also a model for showing how townships can work together to monitor said agencies and hold them more accountable.
Thompson: If you have not registered as a FERC intervenor, time is growing short.
Please write your state assembly people and senators and ask them to support DEP in sticking to its existing procedures for reviewing permits and to disallow any data from PennEast that has been obtained illegally.
Next Next post: Ye Be Warned!


text:
Entertainment Sun, 10 Dec 2017
Ghanaian celebrities who died in 2016 and 2017
Deaths can generally be very shocking and unexpected. In Ghana, celebrity deaths are especially heartbreaking for many people who take them as a stark reminder of the transience of life.
Bob Santo, Suzzy Williams, Margaret "Araba Stamp" Quainoo, Terry Bonchacha, Kwame Owusu Ansah, Michael Dwamena, and Paa Bobo are among the big name celebrities who have left this world.
In 2016 and 2017, many more of our adored celebrities joined them:
1. Bob Okala
Ace comedian Samuel Kwadwo Buabeng, popularly known as Bishop Bob Okala, died in March 2016 at the Eastern Regional Hospital. He was performing at an event when he collapsed and gave up the ghost.
2. Nii Odoi Mensah
The actor and former president of the Ghana actor's guild died on April 12, 2016, in China, where he had gone to undergo a kidney transplant.
He had been battling kidney disease for months.
3. MC Flava Pounds
The Efiewura TV series actor, Lucky Azasoo-Nkornoo, aka Mc Flava Pounds, died after a short illness on May 4, 2016.
4. Nkomode
Comedian Yaw Donkor, popularly known as Nkomode, passed away on February 5, 2016, after battling kidney, liver problems and bladder failure.
5. Danny Nettey
The popular gospel musician died on July 15, 2016. He was reportedly found unconscious in his home at about 2am and was rushed to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead. He was 47.
6. Christopher Opoku
The popular sports presenter died on May 10, 2017 in London, where he had sought treatment for cancer. He was 42.
7. Kwadwo Asare-Baffour Acheampong (KABA)
The popular broadcaster with Asempa FM died on Saturday, November 18, 2017. He was reportedly rushed to the hospital after falling unconscious.
It is not immediately clear what led to his death, but he was believed to be diabetic. He was 37.
8. Awurama Badu
The veteran highlife musician died on October 26, 2017 after a short illness. She was 72.
9. Paapa Yankson
The highlife great died on July 21, 2017. He reportedly died in his sleep at 73. May the souls of these great sons and daughter of Ghana rest in perfect peace.
Source: yen.com.gh


text:
Saorview launches new hybrid connected service
Soarview (Freeview), Ireland's digital terrestrial television service, has launched Soarview Connect, which is the result of a collaboration with Freesat and its EPG system Metaphor. The first set top box supporting the service is going on sale at leading Irish electrical retailers this week. Existing Soarview users can upgrade by purchasing one of the new […]
By Expat • Ireland • Tags: Saorview, Saorview Connect
RTÉ & Saorview partner with Freesat
RTÉ has partnered with Freesat, the UK free-to-air television company, to develop a new product for Saorview, Ireland's free digital television service and the largest television platform in Ireland*. The new product, called Saorview Connect, will allow viewers to access a range of on demand content as well as the Saorview television channels, all integrated […]
By Expat • Ireland • Tags: Connect, Freesat, RTÉ, Saorview
Oireachtas TV to be carried on Saorview
Ceann Comhairle Seán Barrett, T.D. announced that Oireachtas TV will be carried on the Saorview platform from today on a pilot basis and that, subject to the completion of certain technical and regulatory arrangements, the channel should become part of the permanent channel line up on the Saorview platform. Speaking today, the Ceann Comhairle said, […]
By Expat • Ireland • Tags: Oireachtas TV, Saorview
Saorview Re-Tune
SAORVIEW is preparing to improve. To facilitate this, a second SAORVIEW multiplex will be brought on-air from October 21st. All SAORVIEW viewers nationwide will have to re-scan their SAORVIEW TV's and set-top boxes from October 21st 2013 to receive this additional multiplex. At some transmitter sites the frequency of the first multiplex will need to […]
By Expat • UK Media News • Tags: Ireland, Retune, Saorview


text:
Q: Validate a form in backend based on the selected site language The problem is that for different users the same field may be required or optional to fill out in a form. How to raise an error, same as for as the one shown if the required field was not filled? I would like to raise standard validation because it already has all the translations.
P.S. I would like to validate it using backend (without HTML).
I will be pleased if you tell me an effective way of raising this error.

A: You can access the user preferred language through request.LANGUAGE_CODE in your views. Regarding this value and fields which were submitted, you could then decide whether or not to raise an exception!
You could raise ValidationError if you pass the value of request.LANGUAGE_CODE to your form when instantiating it.


The programme is a full-time course supporting students to achieve high quality, paid and sustained employment at the end of the internship. Supported Internships are for students with learning difficulties and/or autism in Swale or Medway who have an Education, Health and Care Plan and are aged 16-24.
1. A work placement A coach will work with the student to find a good fit with one of our partner organisations. The intern will 'learn on the job' with the ongoing support of their coach and the employer.
2. Functional Skills Students attend one day a week studying the application of Maths and English in the real world, focusing on any learning gaps from the workplace.
3. Coaching Job Clubs and Personal Development groups as well as individual sessions with a work coach.
bemix (formerly Skillnet Group) is a Specialist Post-16 Institution. We are a direct contractor to the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) for our Supported Internships programme.
For students to access our Supported Internships, the local authorities' Special Educational Needs (SEN) teams must approve us as named providers on students' Education, Health and Care Plans.
Applications are via weblink form, followed up with meetings with students at their educational institution and at home. Alternatively, SEN teams can send us direct referrals for consultation.
For more information please contact Sylvie McDonough at [email protected] or on 01227 374 285 if you would like to arrange a visit.


text:
To see All uses of "summon" in The Count of Monte Cristo, please enable javascript.
used in The Count of Monte Cristo
to call forth
The exact meaning of summon can depend upon its context. For example:
"summon to court" — officially demand that someone appear in court (call them to court)
"summon the team to a meeting" — call upon the team members to attend a meeting
"summon help" — call others to come and help
"summon her courage" — call forth her courage from within
He advanced towards the angle, and summoning all his resolution, attacked the ground with the pickaxe.
Chapters 23-24 (86% in)
Villefort, impassive as he was, was struck with this coincidence; and the tremulous voice of Dantes, surprised in the midst of his happiness, struck a sympathetic chord in his own bosom—he also was on the point of being married, and he was summoned from his own happiness to destroy that of another.
Chapters 7-8 (19% in)
"Monsieur," replied Dantes proudly, "it was only to summon assistance for you."
"Can all this force be summoned on my account?" thought he.
And Villefort's father extended his hand to the bell-rope, to summon the servant whom his son had not called.
During this time the empire made its last conscription, and every man in France capable of bearing arms rushed to obey the summons of the emperor.
And raising himself by a final effort, in which he summoned all his faculties, he said,—"Monte Cristo, forget not Monte Cristo!"
Edmond felt that the moment had arrived, summoned up all his courage, held his breath, and would have been happy if at the same time he could have repressed the throbbing of his veins.
Emmanuel sighed, and summoned Cocles.
Chapters 29-30 (8% in)
Franz, however, did not obey the summons till he had satisfied himself that the two men whose conversation he had overheard were at a sufficient distance to prevent his encountering them in his descent.
The first act of Franz was to summon his landlord, who presented himself with his accustomed obsequiousness.
"Did you ever occupy yourself," said he to Franz, "with the employment of time and the means of simplifying the summoning your servants?
I will summon him hither.
"Oh, that I do, and with infinite pleasure," answered Albert; "and so much the more readily as a letter received this morning from my father summons me to Paris, in consequence of a treaty of marriage (my dear Franz, do not smile, I beg of you) with a family of high standing, and connected with the very cream of Parisian society."
Albert summoned his servant, and ordered him to acquaint M. and Madame de Morcerf of the arrival of the Count of Monte Cristo.
A servant entered, summoned by Albert's ring of the bell.
I had been tracked by a customs-officer, who had lost sight of me near the tavern; feeling certain that I intended to pass the night there, he had returned to summon his comrades, who just arrived in time to hear the report of the pistol, and to take me in the midst of such circumstantial proofs of my guilt as rendered all hopes of proving my innocence utterly futile.
Have the French attendants been summoned to await her coming?
"Summon Bertuccio," said the count.
When Ali was wanted one stroke was given, two summoned Baptistin, and three Bertuccio.
The following day, about three o'clock, a single blow struck on the gong summoned Ali to the presence of the count.
Even Ali, who had hastened to obey the Count's summons, went forth from his master's presence in charmed amazement at the unusual animation and pleasure depicted on features ordinarily so stern and cold; while, as though dreading to put to flight the agreeable ideas hovering over his patron's meditations, whatever they were, the faithful Nubian walked on tiptoe towards the door, holding his breath, lest its faintest sound should dissipate his master's happy reverie.
The first three remained constantly in a small waiting-room, ready to obey the summons of a small golden bell, or to receive the orders of the Romaic slave, who knew just enough French to be able to transmit her mistress's wishes to the three other waiting-women; the latter had received most peremptory instructions from Monte Cristo to treat Haidee with all the deference they would observe to a queen.
Monte Cristo summoned the Greek attendant, and bade her inquire whether it would be agreeable to her mistress to receive his visit.
...the paragraph about you, although I had done nothing else but read it over to myself all the morning (you know you had told me all about it the previous evening), I felt so happy, and yet so nervous, at the idea of speaking your name aloud, and before so many people, that I really think I should have passed it over, but for the fear that my doing so might create suspicions as to the cause of my silence; so I summoned up all my courage, and read it as firmly and as steadily as I could.
M. and Madame de Villefort bowed and left the room, giving orders that Valentine should be summoned to her grandfather's presence, and feeling sure that she would have much to do to restore calmness to the perturbed spirit of the invalid.
Yes; summoned by M. de Villefort, who is apparently as anxious to get Mademoiselle Valentine married as M. Danglars is to see Mademoiselle Eugenie settled.
I summoned all my strength and courage to my support.
Ali knows I generally smoke while I am taking my tea or coffee; he has heard that I ordered tea, and he also knows that I brought you home with me; when I summoned him he naturally guessed the reason of my doing so, and as he comes from a country where hospitality is especially manifested through the medium of smoking, he naturally concludes that we shall smoke in company, and therefore brings two chibouques instead of one—and now the mystery is solved.
As for me, I can never forget the pale complexion and black eyes of the young soldier, and whenever the angel of death summons me to another world, I am quite sure I shall recognize Selim.
Sometimes, but very rarely, my father summoned me and my mother to the terrace of the palace; these were hours of recreation for me, as I never saw anything in the dismal cavern but the gloomy countenances of the slaves and Selim's fiery lance.
The sudden departure of Franz, after being summoned by M. Noirtier, had so much astonished every one, that the position of Madame de Villefort, left alone with the notary and the witnesses, became every moment more embarrassing.
The bell summoned him to his seat, and he entered the orchestra with Chateau-Renaud and Beauchamp.
Now leave me or I will summon my servants to throw you out at the door.
At any other time Valentine would have seized the silken bell-pull and summoned assistance, but nothing astonished her in her present situation.
Chapters 99-100 (71% in)
"Valentine," said the count, "summon up all your courage; still the beatings of your heart; do not let a sound escape you, and feign to be asleep; then you will see."
Valentine summoned every effort, and breathed with that regular respiration which announces tranquil sleep.
Chapters 101-102 (10% in)
Villefort retired to his study, and d'Avrigny left to summon the doctor of the mayoralty, whose office it is to examine bodies after decease, and who is expressly named "the doctor of the dead."
Villefort, from his study, heard the successive noises which accompany the life of a house,—the opening and shutting of doors, the ringing of Madame de Villefort's bell, to summon the waiting-maid, mingled with the first shouts of the child, who rose full of the enjoyment of his age.
There are no more uses of "summon" in The Count of Monte Cristo.


I have had a dotCloud account for a while, but so far only to experiment with. dotCloud has announced new pricing models that look very developer friendly with free lower performance sandbox support and "live" support for production. They may have hit the sweet spot for supporting free development while nudging developers to not deploy small demo apps using their free sandbox model. I would love to see Heroku's and dotCloud's customer stats on free versus paid hosted web apps.
The basic idea is that as you add services you may by the amount of memory that those services use. I like their handling of horizontal and vertical scaling. I have not tried it yet, but from the documentation it looks like when you horizontally scale a persistent service like PostgreSQL, MongoDB, MySQL, etc. they automatically set up master/slave, replica sets, etc. as appropriate. You can also vertically scale any service by adding memory.
Another interesting PaaS that I have experimented with is Cloud Foundry that is, like Redhat's OpenShift, an open source stack that you can also install on your company's private servers.
Managing servers is a form of technical debt. Using PaaS costs a lot more for raw resources but "set and forget" web apps deployed to PaaS can end up being a lot cheaper to deploy over long term.


G-Outdoors, Inc. was founded in 2002 by Patrick Gee with a goal to create and manufacture the best sporting enthusiast products available. We use real life experience in hunting, shooting and fishing to craft our product to perform beyond consumer's expectations. We currently have three new and exciting product lines available: G.P.S. Wild About Fishing, G.P.S. Wild About Hunting, and G.P.S. Wild About Shooting. Look for these items at quality sporting goods stores nationwide.


Spices: anything and everything . . . the more the merrier!
That's certainly not everything in my pantry but these are typically things I always have around, perfect for a last minute soup, curry or homemade sauce. Keeping your pantry stocked makes life so much easier when the unexpected guest shows up or when searching for the perfect flavor combination to take your meal over the top. You'll see lots of the above ingredients in my recipes for sure. Stock up and get cooking!


text:
<Record>
<Term>Hyperprolactinemia</Term>
<SemanticType>Disease or Syndrome</SemanticType>
<ParentTerm>Hyperpituitarism</ParentTerm>
<ClassificationPath>Endocrine System Diseases/Pituitary Diseases/Hyperpituitarism/Hyperprolactinemia</ClassificationPath>
<ClassificationPath>Nervous System Diseases/Central Nervous System Diseases/Brain Diseases/Hypothalamic Diseases/Pituitary Diseases/Hyperpituitarism/Hyperprolactinemia</ClassificationPath>
<BroaderTerm>Central Nervous System Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Hyperprolactinemia</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Hypothalamic Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Pituitary Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Hyperpituitarism</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Brain Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Endocrine System Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<BroaderTerm>Nervous System Diseases</BroaderTerm>
<Synonym>Hyperprolactinemia</Synonym>
<Synonym>Hyperprolactinemias</Synonym>
<Synonym>Inappropriate Secretion Prolactin</Synonym>
<Synonym>Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion</Synonym>
<Synonym>Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion Syndrome</Synonym>
<Synonym>Prolactin Hypersecretion Syndrome</Synonym>
<Description>Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)</Description>
<Source>MeSH</Source>
</Record>


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Ok, I must be a rare one around these parts. Hawaiian trail rider.
Discussion in 'The Lounge' started by Mazukea, Jan 16, 2013.
I was going to visit the Hawaii section to post about local trails and stuff, but I guess it doesn't exist yet.
Looking at the choices of US regions, I still don't see anyone that fits. Even the International regions are a bit of a stretch.
I honestly want to make this place my new home. Slowly weening myself out of the "other" forum.
Where should I post about the local Hawaii trails?
Erm, Idk.... but howzit?? And what island are you on?
Nobody talks about bikes here. BUT, if you know of any good spearfishing spots on the west side of Maui this time of year, we can talk about that!
I'm on the Biggest one.
Big Island. You visited here before?
Sorry, don't know much about the spearfishing on Maui. I could tell you a little about the spearfishing on the Big Island though.
Okay, that works. You guys worry about Cig over there at all?
BTW, I <3 the Big Island.
Ohhh...Cig is famous on the west side reefs. I actually got a mild case of it when I was a kid. Not fun at all.
But yeah, I always get leary when people bring back reef fish from the Kona or South Kohala coast. Most people eat em, but I can get my fish on the east side so I can be choosy. lol.
Negative ghostrider, I've been to Kauai and I cried when I had to get on a plane and leave! One of my bff's lives on Maui though, so I hope to be visiting there soon!
I named my dog Kona... it works for the coffee, the beach, the beer, AND the bikes.
No weening, cold turkey Brah.
Yeah we are actually given one at birth. Lol.
I'm trying.. They should make a patch or something.
Be a Lurkey? Might work.
I have been completely off for 2 days. Starting to get a little jittery but think I will pull through.
I'm on the east side.
I actually did a 7 hour journey from Mauna Kea down to Kamuela. It's about a 44 mile trek. Awesome ride. I highly recommend it. It's not a hard ride, just a scenic ride that goes halfway around Mauna Kea down to the sleepy town of Kamuela.
Do you mean around the east flank of Mauna Kea, off road? I thought that it looked like that could be done from the topos.
IAb should start a region thread for the Maui, etc isles. Do I have a second?
Oh, and I still hate Paul at Crater Cycles. Dream crusher. Will remember not getting to ride the crater for the rest of my days.
COME ON DOWN MONKEYS!! The Big Island is waiting!
It took seven hours to do 44mi?! Must be hellacious, so naturally I want to ride it.
I miss the tropix and grass skirts.


This database focuses on alternative and holistic approaches to healthcare and wellness. One web site states that holistic drugs "encompasses all said modalities of prognosis and therapy together with medicine and surgical procedure if no secure alternative exists." 6 The claim is that "holistic" means they take a look at the whole lot of the state of affairs, not a mere mechanical model of therapy, which is why you should purchase holistic tartar management treats for your canine off-the-shelf at a supermarket.
Whereas this may usually be true (although don't say that to somebody who's misplaced skin or body parts to black salves typically used for pores and skin cancers), the potential well being risks of not taking standard drugs for an illness far outweigh the risks from the unintended effects of these medicines.
Thomas Jefferson College in Philadelphia launched an institute whose offerings include intravenous vitamin and mineral therapies And the University of Arizona, a pioneer in the area, obtained a $1 million reward to spice up practitioner coaching in pure and religious healing methods.
Critics state "there may be really no such factor as different medication, simply drugs that works and medication that doesn't", and the problem with the concept of "different" remedies on this sense is that the "underlying logic is magical, childish or downright absurd".


We are pleased to for sale a rare and early 1870's Ives Hot Air / Steam Toy. It is in amazing condition for its' age! The toy depicts two blacksmiths hammering on a hot piece of metal set on a large anvil. The toy operates very well. It is constructed with heavy cardboard on a wooden base with fine wire linkages. Reportedly these hot air toys were some of the first toys Ives made in his long history of toy making. Ives made a variety of these with different characters, some using only steam power and some were made to use both steam and hot air power (those had the cardboard fan on top as this one does). This rare toy has nice bold colors and it measures 8 3/4" tall 8" wide with the fan about 7 1/2" in diameter. Photo #9 is of a page from the 1893 Ives catalog showing similar hot air toys (catalog is not included in the sale). As you see in the photo, the toy is attached to a wood stove pipe and the catalog states: "They can be placed over a lamp or radiator as well as to a stove pipe, or wherever there is a current of air, eight hot or cold, and they will work well." It also may be powered via the wooden pulley mounted on the shaft from the fan. This is a great rare early toy for an Ives or an early American toy collector! PLEASE REVIEW ALL PHOTOS AND USE THE ENLARGE AND ZOOM FEATURES AS WELL AS WATCH THE VIDEO FOR THE BEST DESCRIPTION OF THIS EARLY AMERICAN IVES TOY.


text:
......................................... Read More Online .........................................
AECOM Embraces CDV Systems BIM Lifecycle Management Solution
CDV Systems reinforces AECOM partnership for Global BIM Implementation
Portsmouth, RI. November 29, 2010 - CDV Systems, Inc., implementation and training industry leaders for Autodesk Revit® and US Distributors of CodeBook®, announced today that its BIM Lifecycle Management solutions are being integrated into AECOM's overall BIM initiative/strategy. CDV Systems involvement with AECOM, as an integral BIM partner, has included firm-wide Revit implementation and training of all trades across AECOM globally. In addition, CDV Systems has more recently provided the same services for CodeBook.
"CDV's team has been involved with our BIM Implementation since the beginning" says Brion Boucher, AECOM's Associate Vice President, Director of Design Technologies. "CDV 's team has trained our architectural, structural, and MEP staff using projects at many of our locations in the US, and a few others around the world. They also were instrumental in preparing the foundations of our BIM standard practices, and to this day, provide consistency in translating these practices to real world projects. We have come to depend on their professionalism and their high value contributions to the AECOM BIM implementation effort. They have been great to work with".
As part of AECOM's BIM initiative, CDV Systems has also provided CodeBook training and implementation for AECOM projects across the US. CodeBook bidirectionally links a project's program, equipment and furniture data utilizing an MS Access database, to a variety of CAD and BIM programs such as Autocad, Microstation and Revit Architecture & MEP. Once linked, CodeBook monitors and validates design changes during the entire design and documentation process, permits parameter data flow between programs, exports the data's X,Y,Z shared coordinates of all the rooms and FF+E assets to FM via Maximo and GIS via ESRI, ArcGIS.
"AECOM continues to use CodeBook and its link to Revit on a number of our justice group
projects," says Scott Adams, AECOM BIM Manager for Planning, Design + Development. "It has been a huge asset in managing program and asset data for both the architectural and MEP elements. We are now planning to expand the use of CodeBook at AECOM into other market sectors, including healthcare, aviation and transportation."
"We are honored to have AECOM as our client," says Cyril Verley, president and founder of CDV Systems. "AECOM has challenged us in countless ways as a partner in resolving their multi-discipline BIM issues. As a result of our work with AECOM, we are proud and confident to describe CDV Systems as a BIM Lifecycle Management company."
"Since 2007, CDV Systems has and continues to be an integral partner in our implementation, training and execution of BIM for AECOM worldwide," says John Kizior, AECOM's Global Director, Delivery Solutions. "Their BIM knowledge, capabilities and integration techniques are world class, and have advanced and solidified all trades of our BIM project teams and methodologies. As AECOM expands its BIM services across all sectors of AEC+O, it is my plan to include CDV Systems and CodeBook (CodeBook International, LTD.), as essential team members."
About AECOM
AECOM is a global provider of professional technical and management support services to a broad range of markets, including transportation, facilities, environmental, energy, water and government. With approximately 51,000 employees around the world, AECOM is a leader in all of the key markets that it serves. AECOM provides a blend of global reach, local knowledge, innovation, and technical excellence in delivering solutions that enhance and sustain the world's built, natural, and social environments. A Fortune 500company, AECOM serves clients in more than 100 countries and had revenue of $6.3 billion during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2010. More information on AECOM and its services can be found at www.aecom.com.
About CDV Systems
Since its inception in 1992, CDV Systems, Inc mission has been to deliver the finest and most comprehensive, project centric, experience-based BIM technology services to the AEC+O global market. This privately owned international consultancy offers a full range of on-site and off-site Revit® Architecture, Structure and MEP services, and is an Autodesk Developer Network (ADN) partner and an Autodesk Registered Publisher. CDV Systems is also the US Distributor for CodeBook providing training and implementation services for both groups of products to all user-levels worldwide. For more information, please contact us