These guidelines have been reviewed by and published in collaboration with the Federal Provincial Territorial Radiation Protection Committee (FPTRPC). The FPTRPC comprises a forum of delegates from the following government organizations: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Department of National Defence, Employment and Social Development Canada (Canada Labour Program), Health Canada and Provincial and Territorial radiation protection programs. The committee was established to support federal, provincial and territorial government radiation protection agencies with their respective mandates in Canada. The mission of the committee is to advance the development and harmonization of practices and standards for radiation protection within federal, provincial and territorial jurisdictions. We wish to thank those organizations for the many hours of research, review and consultation put into preparing the following Guidelines for Tanning Equipment Owners, Operators and Users.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified all UV radiation as a Class 1 carcinogen, which includes sunlight (1992) and tanning equipment (2009). The WHO does not recommend the use of UV tanning devices for cosmetic purposes.
The FPTRPC does not endorse UV radiation-induced tanning and recommends protective measures against excessive exposure to solar and artificial UV radiation, such as those contained in this document, be implemented by health, education, labour and recreation authorities in all provinces and territories and adopted by the general public. The FPTRPC further recommends that the use of tanning equipment, particularly by minors, be restricted.
There is no such thing as a safe or healthy tan as tanning results from the skin's natural defense response to damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Exposure to UV A and B radiation can cause sunburn, premature skin ageing, skin cancers, cataracts and other eye and skin diseases. It has also been shown to weaken the body's immune system.
Individuals choosing to use tanning equipment (sunlamp or tanning bed) should be aware of the hazards and health risks involved so they can make informed decisions about the amount of exposure they receive.
This guideline is designed to give tanning equipment owners, operators and users a fundamental understanding of UV radiation and its effects on health. It outlines general guidelines in the context of the risks associated with tanning and provides information on certain cosmetic and medicinal products that increase UV effects.
Manufacturers, sellers, importers and distributors of tanning equipment have specific requirements for compliance under the federal Radiation Emitting Devices Act and the Radiation Emitting Device Regulations (Tanning Equipment). For reference, sections 1 through 17 of the above mentioned Regulations are provided in Appendix A. Only tanning equipment that complies with the Regulations should be used for tanning purposes.
This document supersedes the FPTRPC document Guidelines for Tanning Salon Owners, Operators and Users published in 2014.
Owners and operators of tanning equipment should be aware of and adhere to the requirements for tanning equipment as outlined under the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment) (Appendix A), and refer to them as needed. In addition, owners, operators and users of tanning equipment should follow the guidelines listed below which have been developed specifically for their adherence.
Children under 18 years of age should not use tanning equipment. Depending on provincial or territorial regulations, a minor may have restricted access to tanning equipment.
All tanning equipment sold, resold, leased or imported into Canada must comply with the requirements specified for tanning equipment under the federal government's Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (see Appendix A). Owners should check with their equipment supplier to ensure that tanning equipment and any associated apparatus being purchased and used by either themselves or by others, are in compliance with the Regulations.
Knowledgeable and trained tanning equipment operators or salon staff members should always be on the premises while tanning equipment is in use. Operators should be aware of skin typing and exposure procedures. Operators and users should be familiar with these guidelines and recommendations, as well as municipal and/or provincial/territorial public health and public safety regulations to inform and assist the public in the safer use of tanning equipment. Tanning salon operators should ensure that their employees receive adequate training including certification programs, where available, on the operation of tanning equipment.
Tanning equipment operators should ascertain a client's ability to tan (i.e. skin type), history of sunburns and skin cancer, history of skin infections, rashes or other skin conditions (e.g. open wounds or lesions) as well as any photosensitizing agents (see Appendix B) they may be using prior to or during the time of exposure.
Tanning salon operators should maintain client records. This information is to be used for exposure planning and to assist clients in understanding how the factors that impact one's ability to tan relate to UV radiation. Users and operators should follow the exposure schedules recommended by the manufacturer.
Users should avoid sunbathing and the use of tanning equipment on the same day. Users should also avoid the use of infrared saunas or warming beds for at least 24 hours following substantial sun exposures or tanning with artificial sources as it may increase the risk of developing skin cancer. Infrared radiation alone has been shown to induce erythema, skin pigmentation (in certain skin types) and skin photoaging, which can augment the harmful effects of UV radiation.
Individuals identified as Skin Type I (Always Burn, Never Tan) should not use UV-emitting tanning equipment. Those with light skin who can tan, but who burn easily and severely, are strongly discouraged from using tanning equipment, as they are most susceptible to sunburn among those who can develop a tan. Tanning equipment operators should inform prospective clients in this regard. Individuals with skin infections, rashes or other skin conditions should not use tanning equipment without first consulting a health care provider.
Prior to use of tanning equipment, the owner/operator of the tanning equipment should make users aware of the risks of tanning equipment including that a delayed, adverse reaction to UV exposure, such as red, irritated and watering eyes, an itching skin rash or sunburn may result. Delayed reactions can develop anywhere from minutes to a day and a half following exposure. In the event of a serious adverse reaction reported to the tanning establishment or owner/operator, the user should be advised to consult their health care provider. Upon receipt of notification of an adverse reaction, the owner/ operator should investigate the incident and implement modifications as necessary.
All such incidents should be documented and made available to an appropriate regulatory official on request. Where an injury to an individual is reported to the owner/operator by a duly qualified health care provider as a result of an exposure to the tanning equipment under the owner's control, the owner shall inform the relevant health authority. See Appendix C for a sample injury reporting template.
Tanning beds are to be operated/maintained by an onsite and trained operator as required by the province/territories. Self‐serve unmanned machines are not to be used in a commercial environment. It is recommended that all equipment be controlled by remote timing devices.
It is recommended that tanning equipment users be informed of these guidelines and advised to consider discussing the risks of artificial tanning with their health care providers.
First and maximum exposure times per session recommended for skin types I through VI are dependent upon the strength and type of UV emissions from the lamps used in individual pieces of tanning equipment. Different models and brands of UV lamps produce varying intensities and emissions of UVA, UVB and small amounts of UVC radiation. Cases of overexposure and burns from UV radiation have occurred as a result of client exposure to tanning equipment where original lamps have been replaced with newer, more powerful lamps that do not comply with federal regulations.
Operators should ensure that replacement UV lamps function identical to the original bulbs supplied with the tanning equipment at the time of sale, lease or import so that the UVC irradiance (i.e. 200 ≤ λ < 260 nm) does not exceed a ratio of 0.003 of the UVB irradiance (i.e. 260 ≤ λ ≤ 320 nm)Footnote 1 . Modern tanning equipment should not emit UVC radiation or at least comply with the UVC/UVB ratio outlined in the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment) under Functioning Standards and comply with the UVC limits in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60335-2-27.
Lamps in tanning equipment should never be replaced by lamps of different, often higher, levels of UVA and UVB. In order to avoid injury, replacement UV lamps must function so that maximum exposure time remains within plus or minus 10% of the maximum exposure time originally recommended by the manufacturer. When replacement lamps are identical to the original ones, the client can rely on the manufacturer's information provided with tanning equipment. As High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps require special filters to block harmful portions of the UV spectrum, it is important to replace any cracked or damaged filters in order to prevent harm to the user.
a. The maximum exposure time recommended by the manufacturer is not increased to compensate for decreasing UV intensity as lamps age.
b. First and maximum exposure times comply with the manufacturer's recommendation. Owners, operators, and users should be made aware that every machine has its own number of lamps and irradiance spectrum (ratio between UVA and UVB), making the exposure schedule specific for each type of equipment.
UV radiation warning labels, compliant with the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment), must be clearly visible on each piece of tanning equipment. Adherence to current labeling requirements, as specified in the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations, is required for the sale, lease and importation of used tanning equipment with labels designed to warn users about UV radiation and its harmful effects on health. Labels should remain on the equipment as placed by the manufacturer. Provincial or territorial regulations for commercial tanning establishments may require the use of the latest federal warning label in some manner. Depending on provincial or territorial regulations, additional signage on equipment, doorways, or at point-of-sale may be required. A copy of these guidelines should be available within facilities or in the client reception area.
Each tanning device must have a control to allow the person being exposed to easily turn off the tanning equipment at any time without the need to disconnect the electrical plug or remove the UV lamp (as per the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment)).
The operator should provide each client/customer with UV radiation safety eyewear that meets or exceeds the requirements in the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment) and covers the eyes securely. Eyewear should be made available for purchase, with instructions given on proper use and fit, and the operator should check that clients have eyewear with them at every session.
not more than 0.01 over the wavelength range from 320 to 400 nm.
In addition, eyewear transmittance should be sufficient over wavelengths greater than 400 nm to enable the user to read the labels and use the controls mentioned in the requirements. According to the IEC Standard (IEC 60335-2-27, Edition 5.2, 2015-04; Table 101)Footnote 2 the maximum transmission of light with wavelengths between 400 to 500 nm should not exceed 5 percent in order to minimize retina damage due to extensive blue-light exposure.
A physical barrier, such as a clear UV-transmitting plexiglass cover, should always be in place between the lamps and the individual being exposed to UV radiation, covering the top and bottom sections of a two-part, hinged tanning bed or covering the side sections of a vertically mounted booth. A physical barrier constructed of acrylic is also acceptable if it prevents direct physical contact between the user and the UV lamps in a horizontal device. This barrier will prevent injury to the user of the equipment in case of accidental lamp breakage. It will also guard against thermal burns from close contact with the lamps.
It is recommended that tanning equipment owners follow manufacturers' repair and maintenance schedules to ensure devices are kept within manufacturers' specifications or the operational standards of the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment). Tanning equipment should always be turned off during maintenance (e.g., changing UV lamps, cleaning equipment, etc.). In the event that the lamps must remain on, employees should use protective eyewear and clothing to minimize exposure.
Adequate ventilation should be provided such that the temperature of the tanning booth does not exceed 30°C.
Optical radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and a form of non-ionizing radiation that can exhibit properties of both waves and particles (photons). These may, as in the case of visible light, or may not, as in the case of ultraviolet or infrared light, be detectable by the human eye depending on their particular wavelength.
UV radiation is part of the invisible electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 100 nm (nm stands for nanometer which is one billionth of a meter). While UV radiation has a longer wavelength and less energy than X-rays, it has a shorter wavelength and is more energetic than visible light. The UV part of the spectrum is divided into three components; UVA, (400 to 320 nm), UVB, (320 to 280 nm) and UVC (280 to 100 nm). Depending on its wavelength, UV radiation may trigger different biological effects and will penetrate skin tissue to different degrees (more deeply in the case of UVA than UVB or UVC) (See Figure 1).
This diagram depicts the region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum representing ultraviolet radiation. Visible light and infrared radiation regions are also shown. Ultraviolet radiation is further divided into three portions: high energy ultraviolet C (with shorter wavelengths between 100 and 280 nanometers), ultraviolet B (with wavelengths between 280 and 320 nanometers), and finally lower energy ultraviolet A (with longer wavelengths between 320 and 400 nanometers). Visible light is the only region in the electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye and is seen as a variety of colours. These colours include violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange and red, with each colour corresponding to a different wavelength. Violet has the shortest wavelength, starting around 400 nanometers, while red has the longest wavelength, ending around 700 nanometers. Wavelengths between 700 nanometers and 1000 nanometers (1 millimeter) make up the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
UVA – ultraviolet A radiation has a wavelength range of 320 to 400 nanometres which is closest to the "blue-end" of the light spectrum. UVA has to be 1000 times more intense than UVB to trigger the same erythema level, but UVA penetrates deeper into the dermis potentially causing damage to the underlying vascular system and dermal support structures. It is the most common radiation used in commercial tanning equipment and is responsible for the immediate darkening of the melanin already present in the skin. An intense exposure to UVA can result in burns in sensitive people. UVA rays can cause premature skin ageing due to their penetration in the dermis. Most tanning beds emit between 10-70 mW/cm² UVA, which is 2 to 14 times more than the sun at noon in the summer. Some high speed/high intensity tanners (e.g. facial) could emit even more UVA in some cases emitting greater than 30 times more than the Canadian summer sun.
UVB – ultraviolet B radiation has a wavelength range of 280 to 320 nanometres. UVB rays can penetrate the epidermis and are mostly responsible for sunburns (being 1000 times more erythemally effective than UVA) as well as for delayed tanning that appears within 2 or 3 days and lasts for a longer period of time. UVB is found at varying levels in all commercial types of tanning equipment. Always remember that the letter "B" in UVB reminds one of "burn". Most tanning beds emit similar levels of UVB to the noon-time summer sun however some pieces of tanning equipment can emit as much as 10 times more UVB radiation than others so they can cause serious burns in a very short period of time.
UVC – ultraviolet C radiation (100 – 280 nanometres) is hazardous to all forms of life, even with only very short exposures. UVC radiation from the sun is completely absorbed by the ozone layer in the higher atmosphere and never reaches the earth's level. Modern tanning equipment should not emit UVC radiation or at least comply to the UVC/UVB ratio dictated in the Regulations.
The sun is a major source of UV radiation, emitting mostly UVA and a small amount of UVB. Fortunately, the sun's emissions of the most energetic and harmful form of UV radiation, UVC, does not reach the Earth's surface. Other than natural sources, UV radiation can also come from a variety of different man-made products. Artificial sources may include certain lamps (e.g. incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, UV emitting LEDs etc.), UV curing devices, welding equipment, UV lasers, and tanning equipment.
Tanning equipment contains tanning lamps that emit mostly UVA radiation with a small amount of UVB. UV radiation from a tanning lamp is often generated within the fluorescent bulb by exciting the atoms of an inert gas with electricity. Portions of unwanted UV can be converted into visible light by having it transfer its energy into the phosphors deposited on the inside of the bulb. The percentage of UVA and UVB can vary from bulb to bulb depending on manufacture, operating temperature, wattage, and lamp age.
Low pressure fluorescent lamps are the most common in the tanning industry and can vary in size, length and UV output, emitting UVA and UVB, as well as visible light and some heat (infrared). The intensity of UV radiation from low pressure lamps can often exceed the sun's UV intensity several-fold, which is why exposure times in a tanning bed should be controlled by a knowledgeable or trained operator as required by the province/territories.
High pressure lamps, also referred to as High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps, are less common than low pressure fluorescent lamps and are relatively small in size in comparison. HID lamps produce UV radiation by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes within a quartz or alumina enclosure containing a pressurized gas with some metal salts. HID lamps emit considerably higher amounts of visible, UVA and UVB, than fluorescent lamps and also emit dangerous amounts of UVC radiation. As such, HID lamps require a filter during operation to prevent severe burning and skin damage. Typically, HID lamps are used for facial tanning and often have shorter exposure times due to their higher UV emissions. The manufacturer's exposure schedule should be adhered to when using HID lamps to prevent injury (see "Exposure Schedules" on page 18).
Skin is the largest organ of the body; its primary purpose is to protect the underlying tissues against harm from the environment (e.g. infection, toxins, physical injury, UV radiation, etc.) while maintaining the internal environment (e.g. temperature, humidity, etc.). Skin is comprised of two layers, the epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer). The innermost section, or dermis, is formed of tissues containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and fatty tissue. The outer layer, or epidermis, constitutes a series of layers. Skin cells, mostly consisting of keratinocytes, are created in the bottom or innermost layer of the epidermis. As cells age, they travel from the innermost layer of the epidermis to the outer surface of the skin where they die. The surface layer (or stratum corneum) forms a tough outer protective covering. As the cells move outward, they lose moisture, flatten and eventually flake off the surface of the skin in a process that takes approximately 28 days. It is the epidermis that is primarily involved in the tanning process.
Knowledge of skin type is important when discussing tanning as tanning ability is dependent on skin type. Skin types are often described using the Fitzpatrick skin type classification system. This system helps to identify an individual's skin sensitivity to UV radiation based on that individual's natural skin colour. However photosensitivity is not only determined by constitutive skin pigmentation but is subject to other factors including genetic disposition for photosensitivity independent of skin colour, history of skin cancer, frequency of UV exposure, and use of agents (e.g. drugs, cosmetics etc.) that may increase one's photosensitivity (refer to Appendix B).
Skin type I: Always burns, never tans, extremely sensitive skin. This skin type is often found in people with red hair, fair to pale skin, freckles and blue eyes. People with this skin type should not use tanning equipment.
Skin type II: Usually burns, tans minimally. This skin type is often found in people with fair-haired, fair skin, and blue or hazel eyes.
Skin type III: May burn, tans well. This skin type is represented by the average Caucasian with fair skin.
Skin type IV: Rarely burns, tans well, and exhibits immediate pigment darkening. This skin type is often found in people with dark brown hair, naturally tinted or light brown pigmented skin, and dark coloured eyes.
Skin type V: Very rarely burns, tans easily and well, and exhibits immediate pigment darkening. This skin type is often found in people with dark brown hair, brown to dark pigmented skin, and dark coloured eyes.
Skin type VI: Very rarely burns, tans easily and well, and exhibits immediate pigment darkening. This skin type is often found in people with very dark hair, very dark skin, and dark coloured eyes.
Although subjective, Fitzpatrick skin type classification is used in artificial tanning to determine an individual's exposure schedule and maximum exposure time based on their skin's natural colour in order to avoid injury from burning or erythema (skin reddening) but still deliver a sufficient UV radiation dose necessary to develop and maintain a tan.
For this reason, the exposure schedule provided by the tanning equipment manufacturer takes into account exposure times, intervals between exposures and the degree of sensitivity for each skin type. The manufacturer recommended exposure times are weighed in accordance to the erythema reference action spectrum. The recommended exposure time of the first tanning session for untanned skin is based on an initial dose not exceeding 100 Joules per square metre (J/m²) to consider the more sensitive skin types and the recommended maximum exposure time is based on a dose not exceeding 625 J/m². The minimum interval between consecutive exposures and the maximum number of minutes of exposure per year based on a dose not exceeding 15 kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m²) can be found on a label affixed on the tanning equipment device.
It is the responsibility of the owner/operator of the tanning equipment to follow the manufacturer's exposure schedule by referring to the guide/label provided by the manufacturer for that particular tanning device to avoid injury.
A tan is a response to excessive UV radiation exposure which could create prolonged skin damage or skin cancer. Protection from a tan is limited and overexposure (sunburn) can occur. The user should be educated on the limitations of protection afforded by a tan.
There are two effects that occur in the skin following exposure to UV radiation. The first effect, immediate tanning or immediate pigment darkening (IPD), is a change in skin pigmentation which occurs immediately or shortly after exposure to UV radiation (primarily by UVA). This results from photo-oxidation and darkening of the melanin pigment present in the epidermis. This tan is only temporary and fades within 3 to 36 hours after exposure. A second process known as "delayed tanning" occurs in most individuals when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation, but not in people who lack the ability to produce sufficient amounts of melanin in the skin (i.e. Skin type I). An inability to tan increases the risk of skin cancerFootnote 3 , therefore individuals with Skin Type 1 should not use tanning equipment.
There are two processes involved in delayed tanning.
Melanocytes (skin cells capable of producing melanin pigment) are produced at the base of the epidermis with each melanocyte producing melanosomes containing the melanin pigment. These melanin containing units begin to spread throughout the layers of the skin as they work their way toward the keratinocytes at the surface of the skin. Melanin-containing cells cause the skin to appear darker in colour.
The tough outer surface layer of dying skin cells thickens and absorbs more of the UVB radiation. This process serves as a protective mechanism in order to minimize further damage.
The above processes can take place over the course of a day and produce a noticeable tan within a few days that can last for weeks or months.
The exposure schedule is designed to allow a client to gradually build a tan, while minimising the risk of erythema. As per the Regulations, the initial dose must not to exceed 100 J/m², weighted according to the ISO 17166:1999 (CIE S 007/E:1998) erythema action spectrum, for the first exposure session for untanned skin, gradually increasing over the following sessions to a maximum of 625 J/m² per session. The total amount of time (minutes) of exposure must not exceed the annual recommended dose of 15 kJ/m², weighted according to the CIE erythema action spectrum. The schedule is based on the skin type of the user and the output of UV-emitting lamps in the tanning unit. The exposure schedule displayed on the equipment provided by the equipment manufacturer should be followed for each particular product and skin type.
The recommended schedule within the international standard IEC 60335-2-27 Ed. 5.2 2015-04 follows that the initial dose should not exceed 100 J/m² for untanned skin and that a waiting period of 48h should be respected between the first and second exposure to allow time to check for unexpected side effects. The recommended dose for the second exposure should not exceed 250 J/m². A single tanning course, consisting of a consecutive series of exposures, should not exceed a total dose of 3 kJ/m², weighted according to the erythema action spectrum, with the annual dose not exceeding 15 kJ/m². For more information regarding exposure scheduling, refer to the IEC 60335-2-27 Ed. 5.2 2015-04.
Furthermore, it is prudent to use gradual increments of approximately 100 J/m² per week until a maximum of 625 J/m² per session is reached. If any skin reddening (erythema) is visible 16-24 hours after any exposure, then further exposures should cease and may be continued the following week with the advice of a health care provider.
Darkening of the skin (tanning) from exposure to UV is a biological response to UV radiation damage. Although UV radiation may provide some limited health benefits, including the treatment of certain skin conditions and specific autoimmune diseases, and help in the formation of vitamin D, the FPTRPC does not consider tanning a healthy activity. Whether from the sun or from tanning equipment, UV radiation can pose a risk to one's health.
The risks associated with UV-induced tanning outweigh the benefits as there is no clear threshold between positive and negative health effects and an individual's response is dependent upon a number of biological or physical variables which differ from person to person (e.g., skin type) and are subject to environmental conditions. Studies indicate that individuals who frequently tan are at greater risk of developing skin cancer later in life since the damage from UV exposure is cumulative and there is an escalating risk with total hours, sessions or years of tanning equipment use. Age of first use of tanning equipment is linked to an increased risk of developing melanoma and early onset of the disease.
Sunburn (or erythema) is an inflammatory redness of the skin caused by too much exposure to UV radiation, particularly UVB radiation. The small blood vessels in the skin dilate and increase blood flow to the skin's surface, resulting in redness and pain. The reaction can be almost immediate in severe cases, or may develop up to 24 hours later in less severe cases of overexposure. Delayed reactions, depending on the severity of the burn, include the skin shedding the upper layer of damaged skin and blistering. These responses to UV may render the skin more susceptible to infection. Individuals with open wounds or lesions are particularly sensitive to UV radiation as the protective epidermal layer is compromised. Studies indicate that people who have suffered severe and frequent sunburns during childhood are at greater risk of developing skin cancer later in life.
A phototoxicity and photoallergy reaction is often an abnormal skin reaction to exposure from light or to UV radiation. Photoallergic reactions can manifest 24 to 72 hours following exposure to drugs and light/UV, often resulting in a rash resembling dermatitis. However, phototoxic reactions are more common and can occur rapidly following exposure, often resembling severe sunburn; the severity of which is dependent on the amount of the applied substance or photo-radiation. Examples of phototoxic and photoallergic reactions include, but are not limited to, hydroa vacciniforme, actinitic prurigo, solar urticarial (solar 'hives' erythema), and polymorphic light eruption (allergic reaction to UV). Also, pre-existing conditions such as chronic actinic dermatosis, atopic eczema and psoriasis can be exacerbated by either solar or artificial UV radiation exposure. Individuals with lupus erythematosus, porphyria, or xeroderma pigmentosum are particularly sensitive and are encouraged not to use tanning equipment. Individuals who have the inability to tan or are deemed photosensitive should avoid tanning equipment. A number of drugs and/or cosmetics have also been shown to have phototoxic or photoallergic effects. The list of products that can cause photosensitivity is extensive and described in Appendix B.
UV radiation causes actinic elastosis or premature ageing effects such as skin wrinkling, thinning of the skin, pigmentary change and loss of elasticity giving it a more leathery appearance. UV radiation can also cause the development of actinic keratoses which are scaly or crusty skin growths that resemble warts, often appearing on UV-exposed areas such as the face, scalp, lips, and the back of the hands. If left untreated, these growths may become cancerous.
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in Canada. In 2016, there were an estimated 6,800 new cases of melanoma--the most deadly form of skin cancer. In the time period from 2010-2015, an average of 77,800 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancers per year were reported. More than ever, skin cancer seems to occur in younger individuals. Non-melanoma skin cancers, such as squamous and basal cell carcinomas, are most common, but rarely fatal, and in most cases, caused by UV exposure. Melanoma is a less common, but potentially deadly form of skin cancer. The main factors that predispose an individual to the development of melanoma include recreational exposure to either solar or artificial UV radiation, history of sunburn or history of skin cancer.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal squamous cells, which comprise most of the skin's upper layers of the epidermis. SCC is not as common as Basal Cell Carcinoma but tends to be more aggressive since this type of skin cancer can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. SCCs are less harmful than melanoma and can be identified as elevated growths with a central depression, scaly red patches, open sores, or have a wart-like appearance that may easily bleed, crust or ulcerate. SCCs are most often found on areas on skin that are frequently exposed to the sun.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of non-melanoma skin cancer and the least fatal of all the skin cancers. Its appearance may be that of a red, pale or pearly colored round or flattened lump or scaly area that may form an ulcer with time. It tends to grow slowly, usually on areas on skin frequently exposed to the sun.
Superficial spreading melanoma, the most common form, typically stays within its area of origin before growing radially across the skin surface.
Nodular melanoma, a more invasive form of melanoma, develops from superficial melanoma, growing downwards through the skin towards the basal layers.
Lentigo maligna melanoma, a melanoma that has evolved from a lentigo maligna, typically presents on chronically sun damaged skin such as the face and the forearms of the elderly.
Acral lentiginous melanoma, a type of lentiginous (a pigmented spot of melanocyte hyperplasia) skin melanoma, which although rare in Caucasians and people with lighter skin types, is the most common subtype in people with darker skins.
In 2009, international experts from the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), found significant evidence of an association between artificial tanning and the development of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer types. The IARC determined that the use of tanning equipment can increase the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma by 59% if first exposure occurs prior to 35 years of ageFootnote 4 . The risk of developing skin cancer was also found to increase with cumulative exposure to UV radiation, i.e., there is an escalating risk with total hours, sessions or years of tanning equipment use. The WHO, IARC, the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP) to the European Commission have recommended that the use of tanning equipment should be avoided for children, adolescents and in individuals who have a diminished ability to tan. In light of scientific evidence, the WHO placed UV radiation emitting tanning equipment into its highest cancer risk category to a Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans").
UV radiation may cause painful temporary injuries to the cornea and conjunctiva; called photokeratitis and photoconjunctivitis respectively. These conditions may develop two to twenty-four hours following exposure, with typical occurrence within six to twelve hours. UVA radiation may cause eye ageing effects, such as browning of the lens and its loss of elasticity with overexposure to UVB likely contributing to the appearance of cataracts in the lens. Repeated exposures can lead to the development of skin cancer around the eyes, pre-cancerous growths (e.g. pterygium) of the outer white part of the eye, conjunctival cancer or intraocular melanoma. Vision loss due to macular degeneration, while a risk factor, is predominantly caused by prolonged exposure to blue light in the visible spectrum, which is often a component of non-exclusive UV emitting sources. Proper use of eyewear when using tanning equipment will reduce risk of eye injuries.
Exposure to UV radiation weakens the immune system. UV-induced immunosuppression takes place both locally (i.e. skin) and systemically (i.e. the whole body), and has the potential to decrease the body's ability to defend itself against infection and serious illnesses, including skin cancer (i.e. non-melanoma and malignant melanoma) and other non-skin related types of cancer. The immunosuppressive nature of UV can be used to treat autoimmune diseases, for example, mycosis fungoides (also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides), a form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that can be treated with UV radiation exposure under controlled conditions. Similarly, phototherapy can be a treatment option for some types of eczema; an inflammatory skin condition.
Extracts of the federal Radiation Emitting Devices Act and the federal Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (Tanning Equipment), Part XI of the Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations, in effect at the time of publication of this document, are shown below. Portions of the Act and the Regulations have been included here for convenience of reference only and do not have official sanction. In addition, the Act and the Regulations may be amended from time to time. For all purposes of interpreting and applying the law, users should consult the Regulations and the Act, as registered by the Clerk of the Privy Council and published in Part II of the Canada Gazette. Complete and current copies of the Regulations are available at http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._1370/.
(i) generally, for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act.
(iii) emits radiation that is not necessary in order for it to accomplish its claimed purpose.
5 (1) No person shall label, package or advertise a radiation emitting device in a manner that is false, misleading or deceptive or is likely to create an erroneous impression regarding its design, construction, performance, intended use, character, value, composition, merit or safety.
the person shall forthwith notify the Minister.
that a radiation emitting device falls under paragraph (1)(a) or (b), the manufacturer or importer of the device shall, if directed by the Minister, notify such persons as the Minister requires of the defect or non-compliance, by such method, giving such details and within such time period as are specified by the Minister.
1. The following definitions apply in this Part.
(b) induces skin tanning or other cosmetic effects.
2. The information and labels required by this Part must be provided in both official languages.
(c) a warning to always follow the instructions that accompany the equipment so as to avoid injury.
(h) the ultraviolet radiation warning labels designed in accordance with section 5.
6. (1) Subject to subsection (2), all advertising material in relation to tanning equipment must include the signal word "Danger" followed by the attribution "According to Health Canada / Selon Santé Canada", the primary hazard statement "Tanning Equipment Can Cause Cancer / Les appareils de bronzage peuvent causer le cancer" and the statements set out in subparagraphs 5(b)(iii) and (iv) and 5(c)(iii) and (iv).
(b) it is in only English, the signal word "Danger" followed by the attribution "According to Health Canada", the primary hazard statement "Tanning Equipment Can Cause Cancer" and the statements set out in subparagraphs 5(c)(iii) and (iv).
8. All controls, meters, lights or other indicators of a piece of tan- ning equipment must be readily identifiable and clearly labelled to indicate their function.
(b) a timer that meets the functioning standards set out in section 16.
10. (1) Every piece of tanning equipment must have a physical barrier between the ultraviolet lamps and the user that prevents any direct physical contact between the user and the lamps.
(2) In the case of tanning beds, the physical barrier must be constructed of plexiglass or an equivalent material.
11. Every ultraviolet lamp that is used in tanning equipment must be constructed so that it cannot be inserted and operated in a single- contact medium screw lampholder or a double-contact medium screw lampholder.
12. Every piece of tanning equipment must be accompanied by a number of sets of protective eyewear at least equal to the maximum number of persons who may, at the same time, be exposed to ultra- violet radiation from the tanning equipment, as recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment.
13. Every piece of tanning equipment, whether it has its original components or replacement components recommended by the manufacturer, must, under the conditions of use specified by the manufacturer, meet the functioning standards set out in this Part.
14. Every ultraviolet lamp that is used in tanning equipment must function so that, at any distance and in any direction from the radiation source, the irradiance within the wavelength range from 200 nm to less than 260 nm does not exceed 0.003 of the irradiance within the wavelength range from 260 nm to 320 nm.
15. Every replacement ultraviolet lamp must function so that the maximum exposure time remains within 10% of the maximum exposure time originally recommended by the manufacturer.
(c) not automatically reset when the tanning equipment emissions have been ended by the timer.
(c) sufficient over wavelengths greater than 400 nm to enable the user to read the labels and use the control specified in paragraph 9(a).
Many products, including prescribed medications, over-the- counter medicines, and a wide range of personal care products can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation, also known as photosensitivity.
Photosensitivity can be caused by products applied directly to the skin or from medications or other substances that have been ingested. Examples include antidepressants, antibiotics, antihistamines, psoralens, antifungals, antidiabetic, oral contraceptives, tranquilizers, high blood pressure medications, and certain soaps or cosmetics.
The following list identifies medications and other agents that have been reported to cause photosensitivity reactions. However, it is provided for information purposes only, may not include all the photosensitive medications and may be subject to change. As there are hundreds of known photosensitizing agents under the following general categories, individuals taking any medications or using any products (some listed below), should be advised to consult a health care provider or pharmacist before using tanning equipment. Pharmaceutical manufacturer's package inserts should also be consulted regarding potential photosensitivity of medications.
*An asterisk is shown next to a drug where photosensitive reactions are more likely to occur.
also known as solar elastosis - a disorder associated with photoaging and refers to the accumulation of thickened malformed elastin fibers in the dermis in response to long-term exposure to UV radiation. The disorder is characterized by thickened, dry, rough, yellowish-colored, skin with deep creases and fine wrinkles.
also known as solar keratosis which is often identified as rough, scaly elevated lesions (resembling a wart) caused by repeated exposure to the UV radiation from the sun and as a result can be often found on frequently sun exposed areas of the skin. If left unchecked, lesions may develop into skin cancer.
a type of tanning produced by UVB appearing a few days after exposure and lasting up to a few weeks. This process increases the number of melanocytes in the skin. At the same time, these melanocytes increase their production of melanin which then is oxidized giving the tanned appearance.
lowest (innermost) layer of cells in the skin under the epidermis.
outer layers of skin in which melanin is found, and where tanning occurs.
the medical term for inflammatory redness of the skin. It is the result of an exposure to UV radiation, particularly UVB. It is commonly called "sunburn".
A skin type classification system based on one's natural skin colour (I-VI) that is used to determine tanning ability or photosensitivity. Originally designed for phototherapy to reduce the risk of sunburns/overexposure during treatment.
also known as immediate pigment darkening (IPD) - a photo-oxidation process (mainly triggered by UVA) that causes rapid darkening of the melanin pigment already present in the skin with the change in pigmentation often lasting only for a short time (hours to days).
a measure of the accumulated erythemally weighted UV energy that would cause the first perceptible sign of reddening (i.e., erythema). The energy-equivalent depends on the skin type. For the most sensitive skin types, 1 MED is approximately 2 SED. For skin type II 1 MED is approximately 2.5 SED.
a pigment that responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Darker skin is associated with higher levels of melanin. Melanin is an effective absorber and scatterer of light, providing some protection to skin cells from UV radiation.
the production of melanin by cells called melanocytes. In the skin, melanogenesis occurs after exposure to UV radiation, causing the skin to visibly tan.
also known as Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM) - the most serious (potentially fatal) but rarest form of skin cancer that occurs in melanocytes (pigment containing cells in the skin).
the most common type of skin cancer that occurs in either basal or squamous cells. Of the two types of non-melanoma skin cancers, Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common often occurring on frequently sun exposed areas of the body and develops in the cells lining the bottom of the epidermis near the dermis. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) develops in the cells lining the top of the epidermis and is also commonly found on frequently exposed areas of the skin but can spread to other parts of the body.
painful injuries to the cornea (the clear front window of the eye that covers the iris and pupil) and conjunctiva (a thin transparent membrane that covers white part of the eye) respectively, caused by overexposure to UV radiation that can be avoided by wearing protective eyewear.
a person's biological sensitivity or reactivity to visible light or UV radiation.
a benign growth of the conjunctiva that can invade the cornea which can affect vision.
tough outer layer of dead skin cells.
defined as the part of the non-ionizing invisible electromagnetic spectrum which ranges from 400 nm to 100 nm. Tanning occurs as a result of exposure to UV radiation.
This information is to be provided by the equipment manufacturer and is based on the lamps provided with the original equipment at the time of sale.
Accurate at time of publication.


text:
Jesus and the Woman of Samaria
1 Now when Jesus learned that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John
(Joh 3:22; Joh 3:26)
2 (although Jesus himself did not baptize, but only his disciples),
3 he left Judea and departed again for Galilee.
4 And he had to pass through Samaria.
(Lu 13:33)
5 So he came to a town of Samaria called Sychar, near the field that Jacob had given to his son Joseph.
(Ge 33:19; Ge 48:22; Jos 24:32; Joh 4:12)
6 Jacob's well was there; so Jesus, wearied as he was from his journey, was sitting beside the well. It was about the sixth hour.1
(Mt 4:2; Mt 8:24; Mt 21:18; Joh 19:28)
7 A woman from Samaria came to draw water. Jesus said to her, "Give me a drink."
(Joh 4:6)
8 (For his disciples had gone away into the city to buy food.)
9 The Samaritan woman said to him, "How is it that you, a Jew, ask for a drink from me, a woman of Samaria?" (For Jews have no dealings with Samaritans.)
(Ezr 4:3; Ezr 4:10; Mt 10:5; Lu 9:53; Joh 8:48)
10 Jesus answered her, "If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, 'Give me a drink,' you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water."
(Jer 2:13; Jer 17:13; Joh 7:38)
11 The woman said to him, "Sir, you have nothing to draw water with, and the well is deep. Where do you get that living water?
12 Are you greater than our father Jacob? He gave us the well and drank from it himself, as did his sons and his livestock."
(Joh 4:5; Joh 8:53)
13 Jesus said to her, "Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again,
14 but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again.2 The water that I will give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life."
(Isa 49:10; Joh 6:35; Joh 6:51; Joh 6:58; Joh 7:37; Joh 7:38; Re 7:16)
15 The woman said to him, "Sir, give me this water, so that I will not be thirsty or have to come here to draw water."
16 Jesus said to her, "Go, call your husband, and come here."
(Joh 16:8)
17 The woman answered him, "I have no husband." Jesus said to her, "You are right in saying, 'I have no husband';
18 for you have had five husbands, and the one you now have is not your husband. What you have said is true."
19 The woman said to him, "Sir, I perceive that you are a prophet.
(Mt 21:11; Lu 7:16; Lu 7:39; Joh 6:14; Joh 9:17)
20 Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in Jerusalem is the place where people ought to worship."
(Ge 12:6; Ge 33:18; Ge 33:20; De 11:29; De 12:5; De 27:12; Jos 8:33; Jud 9:7; Joh 11:48)
21 Jesus said to her, "Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father.
(Zep 2:11; Mal 1:11; Joh 2:4; Joh 4:23; Joh 5:25; Joh 5:28; Joh 16:2; Joh 16:25; Joh 16:32; 1Ti 2:8)
22 You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews.
(2Ki 17:28; Ps 147:19; Isa 2:3; Mt 2:4; Ac 13:23; Ac 17:23; Ro 3:1; Ro 9:4; Ro 11:26)
23 But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him.
(Ps 145:18; Joh 1:17; Joh 4:21; Joh 6:44; Ro 8:15; Eph 2:18; Eph 6:18; Php 3:3)
24 God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth."
25 The woman said to him, "I know that Messiah is coming (he who is called Christ). When he comes, he will tell us all things."
(De 18:18; Joh 1:41; Joh 4:29)
26 Jesus said to her, "I who speak to you am he."
27 Just then his disciples came back. They marveled that he was talking with a woman, but no one said, "What do you seek?" or, "Why are you talking with her?"
28 So the woman left her water jar and went away into town and said to the people,
29 "Come, see a man who told me all that I ever did. Can this be the Christ?"
30 They went out of the town and were coming to him.
31 Meanwhile the disciples were urging him, saying, "Rabbi, eat."
32 But he said to them, "I have food to eat that you do not know about."
33 So the disciples said to one another, "Has anyone brought him something to eat?"
(Joh 3:4; Joh 4:11; Joh 4:15; Joh 6:34; Joh 6:52)
34 Jesus said to them, "My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to accomplish his work.
(Job 23:12; Joh 5:30; Joh 5:36; Joh 6:38; Joh 14:31; Joh 17:4)
35 Do you not say, 'There are yet four months, then comes the harvest'? Look, I tell you, lift up your eyes, and see that the fields are white for harvest.
(Mt 9:37; Lu 10:2; Joh 4:25; Joh 4:30)
36 Already the one who reaps is receiving wages and gathering fruit for eternal life, so that sower and reaper may rejoice together.
(Isa 9:3; Am 9:13; Mt 13:37; Mr 4:14; Joh 4:38)
37 For here the saying holds true, 'One sows and another reaps.'
(Job 31:8)
38 I sent you to reap that for which you did not labor. Others have labored, and you have entered into their labor."
(Jos 24:13; Ac 8:5; Ac 8:25)
39 Many Samaritans from that town believed in him because of the woman's testimony, "He told me all that I ever did."
(Joh 4:5; Joh 4:8; Joh 4:29; Joh 17:20)
40 So when the Samaritans came to him, they asked him to stay with them, and he stayed there two days.
41 And many more believed because of his word.
42 They said to the woman, "It is no longer because of what you said that we believe, for we have heard for ourselves, and we know that this is indeed the Savior of the world."
(Joh 1:29; Joh 3:17; Joh 12:47; 1Ti 4:10; 1Jo 4:14; 1Jo 5:20)
43 After the two days he departed for Galilee.
44 (For Jesus himself had testified that a prophet has no honor in his own hometown.)
(Mt 13:57)
45 So when he came to Galilee, the Galileans welcomed him, having seen all that he had done in Jerusalem at the feast. For they too had gone to the feast.
(Joh 2:23; Joh 3:2; Joh 4:20)
Jesus Heals an Official's Son
46 So he came again to Cana in Galilee, where he had made the water wine. And at Capernaum there was an official whose son was ill.
(Joh 2:1; Joh 2:9)
47 When this man heard that Jesus had come from Judea to Galilee, he went to him and asked him to come down and heal his son, for he was at the point of death.
48 So Jesus said to him, "Unless you3 see signs and wonders you will not believe."
(Joh 2:18; Joh 6:30; Joh 20:29)
49 The official said to him, "Sir, come down before my child dies."
(Mr 5:35; Lu 8:49; Joh 11:21; Joh 11:32)
50 Jesus said to him, "Go; your son will live." The man believed the word that Jesus spoke to him and went on his way.
51 As he was going down, his servants4 met him and told him that his son was recovering.
52 So he asked them the hour when he began to get better, and they said to him, "Yesterday at the seventh hour5 the fever left him."
53 The father knew that was the hour when Jesus had said to him, "Your son will live." And he himself believed, and all his household.
(Ac 11:14; Ac 16:34; Ac 18:8)
54 This was now the second sign that Jesus did when he had come from Judea to Galilee.
1 That is, about noon
2 Greek forever
3 The Greek for you is plural; twice in this verse
4 Or bondservants
5 That is, at 1 p.m.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Digital Health Tool Helps Cardiac Rehab Patients Lose More Weight
March 24, 2016 By American College of Cardiology
Adding a digital health tool to traditional cardiac rehabilitation appears to help people recovering from a heart attack lose significantly more weight in a relatively short period of time, according to research scheduled for presentation at the American College of Cardiology's 65th Annual Scientific Session.
In fact, patients using specially designed health tools on their smartphones and through a Web-based portal lost four times as much weight compared with those undergoing 12 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation alone. This randomized controlled trial is the first in the U.S. to look at how adding the use of mobile and wireless devices concurrently with cardiac rehab might improve health outcomes, according to researchers.
"We were surprised by the magnitude of difference between the two groups," said Robert Jay Widmer, M.D., Ph.D., of the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, and lead author of the study. "These results are exciting because they demonstrate improvement in cardiovascular risk factors over and above guideline-based cardiac rehabilitation."
While the actual weight loss observed in this study was small–an average of 2 pounds in the cardiac rehab group compared with 9 pounds in the digital health intervention group–experts say every bit matters for these patients as previous research has shown that people who lose weight tend to have fewer cardiac events in the future.
Widmer said the trend in weight loss in the intervention group is likely explained, in part, by significantly improved dietary habits and frequent reporting via the program. These patients also exercised for an average of 40 more minutes a week, a difference that was not statistically significant.
The study included 80 patients — 68 years old, on average — who were eligible to take part in cardiac rehab at Mayo Clinic following acute coronary syndrome, including heart attack and unstable angina. Patients were randomly assigned to usual care or cardiac rehab coupled with a digital health intervention that included semi-weekly educational messages, videos and articles with accompanying quizzes about heart healthy lifestyles, tips and platforms to track and log exercise and dietary habits. Researchers collected participants' weight and dietary habits at baseline and after 90 days.
Study participants attended 30- to 90-minute cardiac rehab sessions, focused mainly on exercise, three times per week. Those in the intervention group were asked to log in twice a week to record their exercise and dietary habits and retrieve educational information on healthy lifestyles, but many did so daily.
Instead of using commercially available mobile health solutions, cardiologists at Mayo Clinic compiled information and recommendations typically given during cardiac rehab to help patients strengthen their heart health and improve cardiovascular risk factors to prevent subsequent events. They then partnered with Mayo Clinic's Information Technology department to incorporate it into an app and Web-based program that patients could use remotely.
"It's an example of how clinical expertise and know-how can be married with IT, which is important especially amid consumers' rapid uptake of apps," Widmer said. "It may be that these patients felt more connected to their care, as if someone had a finger on their pulse, figuratively."
The health tool essentially functions as an extension of a patients' heart team, helping to hold them accountable for eating right and staying active outside of the clinic. Overall, it seems that by adding digital health tools, there is a trend toward better adherence to recommendations.
"With the poor rates of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation and increasing use of mobile/digital technologies, it is plausible that digital health and mHealth could offer a proven preventative solution to help patients with cardiovascular disease," Widmer said. "The integration of technology into the clinical practice has the potential to affect rehospitalizations of these patients too."
Cardiac rehab programs — long recommended by the American College of Cardiology and other groups — are offered in many hospitals and medical centers in the U.S. and elsewhere. These 12-week programs are tailored to the individual patient to help lower the risk of future heart problems. Cardiac rehab includes a mix of supervised exercise, nutrition counseling, stress management, smoking cessation assistance and education about the disease process, including how heart patients can take control of their own health and improve their outcomes.
This study is limited in that it is a single center trial with only 80 patients who had to have access to the Internet. In addition, any trials that use digital health platforms need to keep pace with advancing technologies, Widmer said. Larger clinical trials are needed to further validate these findings, and to determine the sustainability of the results.


text:
Q: PHP CodeSniffer: use of self::$types inside closure Running PHP CodeSniffer on the below snippet:
return array_filter($methods, function ($method) {
    return in_array(
        strtolower($method['type']),
        self::$types
    );
});

I get this error message:

Use of self::$types inside closure.

What exactly is the error reported (why I can't use self::$types inside the closure) and how to solve it?
Note: the code is perfectly working anyway. The reported error is from CodeSniffer (not a PHP error).

A: return array_filter($methods, function ($method) use (self::$types) {
    return in_array(
        strtolower($method['type']),
        self::$types
    );
});

Read about inheriting from parent scope here: http://php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Generally web applications in SharePoint are created using the out-of-box functionality provided within Central Administration. But because of some client's needs there might be a requirement of creating these web applications within a custom utility solution. This functionality can be achieved programmatically using Microsoft SharePoint APIs. By this, one can easily create a web application & associate a content database to it, register the web application in the IIS server, create an associated application pool and define different credentials for the web apllication.
Samarendra Swain , Sr. Developer, Mindfire Solutions.


text:
Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol
Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol Deals
Tripindicator.com is comparing Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol prices from leading ticket suppliers, Try to find you the Cheap tickets prices.
Opening Times of Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol
Between five and six hours (175 reviews)
Daily except on Mondays at 8 am or 9:30 am, depending on the provider
The best time of the day for visiting the King's Path is morning.
Highlights of Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol
This half-day trip from Malaga takes travelers to the Caminito del Rey, one of the top attractions of the Malaga province.
The "King's Path" is a hiking route spanning canyons, gorges and valleys, offering amazing views of the area.
While walking the path, the vacationers have imposing cliffs at one side and a deep canyon at the other.
A few-hour hiking tour begins at Ardales and ends at Alora.
One of the highlights of the hike is crossing over a hanging bridge.
During transfers, travelers make use of WiFi and phone chargers.
If you are an adventurer at heart, you will enjoy this half-day trip.
Don't miss the tour if you are a nature lover or a hiker.
If you consider yourself an amateur or a professional photographer, Caminito del Rey is among the most photogenic places in South Spain.
Your Experience With Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol?
Travel by an air-conditioned minivan to the Caminito del Rey (King's Path) and enjoy an entertaining hike in a small group.
Listen to your expert tour guide to learn facts and stories related to this area of immense natural beauty.
Walk the path spanning gorges, canyons and valleys between Ardales Town and Alora.
Enjoy captivating views of the surrounding area once you step on the suspension bridge hanging over the Balconcillo de los Gaitanes.
See the Guadalhorce River that runs around a hundred meters below you.
What Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol Includes?
Transfers by a comfortable minivan with air-conditioning, phone chargers and WiFi
Assistance from an expert tour guide
Admission to the Caminito del Rey
Some sections of the walking path feature glass floors.
Bring enough water and snacks to refuel yourself along the way.
Travelers Reviews about Caminito Del Rey: Daily Tour from Malaga and Costa del Sol?
Travelers have a great opinion about this trip from Malaga for the most part.
In their comments, they underline an excellent organization of the trip and the high professionalism of their travel guides.
Several participants stated that this hike was among the best ones they enjoyed, if not the very best.
Based on the reviews, it appears that the majority of vacationers had a much better experience than they initially anticipated.
This activity isn't suitable for people in wheelchairs or anyone dealing with mobility issues.
Printed and mobile tickets are valid for this activity. Cancel the order at least 24 hours in advance to receive a full refund.
Note that there aren't toilets in the Caminito del Rey.
Bring sunscreen and wear footwear suitable for hiking.
The bus stop near La Malagueta Bullring or María Zambrano railway station
Malaga Tapas Tour with Visit Atarazanas Market
Malaga: Roman Theater and Alcazaba Guided Tour
Hammam in Malaga
Paella Cooking Class in Malaga
Gibraltar to Malaga Airport Shuttle Bus
Day Trip to Tangier Tour by Ferry from Malaga
Duration: 12-15 hours.
Jerez and Cadiz Day Trip from Costa del Sol with Winery Tour, Andalusian Horse Show and Sightseeing Cruise


All Sea Cadets participate in PT (Physical Training). It is suggested that all Cadets utilize the NSCC/NLCC PHYSICAL READINESS MANUALto know what is expected and what goals they should strive to meet. Exceptions are made for those Cadets with medical needs.
The initial phase of Sea Cadet training, the SR course covers military courtesy, basic military drill (marching), the chain of Command, and other related introductory topics. Sea Cadets must complete their BMR's (Basic Military Requirements)(all 15 assignments) to qualify to attend Recruit Training. In addition, to move forward in rate, Sea Cadet Recruits must attend Recruit Training (RT). RT is a 9 to 14 day away training. These training sessions are taught at the Navy's Recruit Training Command, at other naval bases or stations and at regional recruit training sites using other military host resources. The curriculum of this training is approved by the U.S. Navy and standardized at all training sites. Cadets receive 106 hours of instruction, with a focus on the Navy's core values of honor, courage and commitment. Both tone and tenor of instruction are modeled after the Navy's recruit training. The nearest local RT is held in Belle Glade Florida. Upon completion of RT, Seaman Recruits are promoted to Seaman Apprentice.
The Seaman Apprentice rate requires a minimum of 3 months TIS (Time in Service) and 3 months TIG (Time in Grade). During this time, Cadets desiring to attain the rate of Seaman must complete the Seaman Correspondence Course (4 assignments) or may substitute the Airman Correspondence Course (13 assignments). The Seaman course focuses on the following subject matter: watches, watch standing duties, marlinespike seamanship, deck seamanship, use and care of deck equipment, boat seamanship, ammunition and gunnery. The Airman Course presents an overview of naval aviation and includes subject matter coverage of the following: mission and history of naval aviation; organization of naval aviation; principles of flight; aircraft construction; aircraft hardware; aircraft power plants; aircraft avionics; ordnance; support equipment, line operations and safety; aircrew survival equipment; and crash rescue and fire fighting. This course is used as an option for advancement of NSCC personnel to Airman (E-3) in lieu of the Seaman Course for personnel assigned to NSCC Squadron. In addition, to advance to the next rate, SA Cadets must complete at least one advanced training.
The Seaman rate requires a minimum of 9 months TIS (Time in Service) and 6 months TIG (Time in Grade) Cadets desiring to attain the rate of Petty Officer 3rd Class must complete the Military Requirements for PO3 Assignments 1 and 2. This course is used for advancement of NSCC personnel to Petty Officer Third Class (E-4) with the completion of assignments 1 and 2. Covers the knowledge required of Sailors of the U.S. Navy and Naval Reserve. Designed for individual study rather than formal classroom instruction, the course provides basic information in regard to Petty Officers Third and Second Class Naval Standards. This self-study course is organized into subject matter areas, each containing learning objectives to help you determine what you should learn along with text and illustrations to help you understand the information. The subject matter reflects day-to-day professional military knowledge. In addition, to advance to the next rate, SN Cadets must complete at least one advanced training and an online exam.
The PO3 rate requires a minimum of 15 months TIS (Time in Service) and 6 months TIG (Time in Grade) Cadets desiring to attain the rate of Petty Officer 2nd Class must complete the Military Requirements for PO2 Assignments 3, 4 and 5. This course is used for the advancement of personnel to Petty Officer Second Class (E-5) with the completion of assignments 3, 4, and 5. Covers the knowledge required of Sailors of the U.S. Navy and Naval Reserve. Designed for individual study rather than formal classroom instruction, the course provides basic information in regard to Petty Officers Third and Second Class Naval Standards. This self-study course is organized into subject matter areas, each containing learning objectives to help you determine what you should learn along with text and illustrations to help you understand the information. The subject matter reflects day-to-day professional military knowledge. Advancement to PO3 requires approval from the Commanding Officer of the Division. In addition, to advance to the next rate, PO3 Cadets must complete Petty Officer Leadership Academy and an online exam.
The PO2 rate requires a minimum of 21 months TIS (Time in Service) and 6 months TIG (Time in Grade) Cadets desiring to attain the rate of Petty Officer 1st Class must complete the Military Requirements for PO1 Assignments 1 through 7. Provides subject matter related to the military qualifications of all first class petty officers. Provides information on U.S. naval tradition; leadership and administrative responsibilities; programs and policies; professional responsibilities; military requirements; safety and survival; and damage control. This course is used for advancement of NSCC personnel to Petty Officer First Class (E-6). Advancement to PO2 requires approval from the Commanding Officer of the Division. In addition, to advance to the next rate, PO2 Cadets must complete an advanced training and an online exam.
The PO1 rate requires a minimum of 27 months TIS (Time in Service) and 6 months TIG (Time in Grade) Cadets desiring to attain the rate of Chief Petty Officer (CPO) must complete the Military Requirements for CPO Assignments 1 through 6. Provides subject matter related to the military qualifications of all chief petty officers. Provides information on naval tradition, military conduct and justice, leadership, management information and training, programs and policies, military requirements, safety and damage control, and security. This course is used for advancement of NSCC personnel to Chief Petty Officer (E-7). Advancement to PO1 requires a recommendation from the Commanding Officer of the Division. The Executive Director of the National Headquarters (NHQ) of the US Naval Sea Cadet Corps retains sole authority to advance Sea Cadets to the rate of PO1. NHQ will process an Advancement Certificate (NSCADM 026) and a new ID card indicating the new rank of PO1.. In addition, to advance to the next rate, PO1 Cadets must complete an online exam and successful completion of Staff Cadet Duties in a leadership position at a NSCC Recruit Training or an NLCC Orientation after the completion of POLA.
Advancement to CPO is not guaranteed and is dependent on size of the unit, character of the Cadet, experience of the Cadet and completion of all prerequisites. CPO candidates must be at least 16 years old. The CPO rate requires a minimum of 33 months TIS (Time in Service) and 6 months TIG (Time in Grade). The CPO position is an honor and is granted only to the most deserving of Cadets. CPO candidates must be a beacon of the values and morals of the USNSCC. They are the leader of the unit and the example to follow. An excerpt of the Chief Petty Officer Creed reads "the rank of E7 carries with it unique responsibilities and privileges you are now bound to observe and expected to fulfill. Your entire way of life is now changed. More will be expected of you; more will be demanded of you. Not because you are a E7 but because you are now a Chief Petty Officer. You have not merely been promoted one grade, you have joined an exclusive fellowship and, as in all fellowships, you have a special responsibility to your comrades, even as they have a special responsibility to you." "ASK THE CHIEF" is a household phrase, both in and out of the Navy.
Ready to Take on the Challenge of Being a US Naval Sea Cadet?Join Us!
Figure 7-18.Single- and double-becket bends.
Q5. Identify the following aircraft.
Figure 10-2.Proper wearing of uniforms (continued).
Figure 10-10A.Rating insignias for enlisted personnel (continued).
Figure 10-11.Rate insignia of U.S. armed forces enlisted personnel.
Figure 16-4.Enlisted Duty Preference Form, NAVPERS 1306/63 (front).
Figure 19-1.Material Safety Data Sheet (front).
Figure 19-2.Material Safety Data Sheet (back).
Figure 20-4.U.S. Coast Guardan element of sea power.


Here's the setup. Just adorable. I really enjoy the restaurant's aesthetic. Modern and a little rustic. It was a perfect location for our brunch.
Once everyone arrived, we ordered our entrees and drinks. The Brunch Box was the way to go for us. For $20-30, why not? The menu has a variety of options: eggs, bacon, waffles, french toast, chicken, salads. I ordered the Brunch Burger (with fried egg. bacon) and a strawberry lemonade mimosa. Soooooo yummy!
After I gave a toast, and we were finishing, I brought out some Oreo balls as a parting gift.
Our server, Kynoia, was wonderful. If you visit, ask for him.
Here's what I wore; I came straight from church, so I knew I had to wear something stylish and comfy. Sassy cape, cardigan, top, my burgundy jeans from Old Navy, an adorable scarf I received in my work Christmas basket, and my wedge boots from Francesca's.
If you haven't visited Pike & Rose, I recommend that you do! Lots of neat spots to go – restaurants, the iPic movie theater, shops. It's a nice addition to our community.
Hopefully next year, I will have another grand idea in mind to celebrate. Hosting can be a lot of work, but seeing the end result and knowing that your guests enjoyed themselves, it's very satisfying.
Do you host parties during the holidays? Let me know.


The Randolph Township Economic Development Committee (EDC) recently held its annual awards dinner at the Skylands Banquet facility. Local businesses honored this year were Cafe Shays, Heart of Gold, Rosie's Trattoria and Soccer Evolution.
The EDC, a committee of volunteers appointed by the Township Council, serves as a liaison between the council and local businesses. Its goal is to promote sound economic development by working with all township officials to develop proactive approaches aimed at maintaining a balanced and vibrant commercial sector in Randolph.
Current EDC members are Louis Pangaro, Stuart Brecher, John Ragan, Edward Finnis, Deb Sprung, Evan Glanz and Neil Minsky. There will be several vacancies on the committee as of December 31st so residents and business owners who possess an interest in Randolph's economic development are encouraged to volunteer to serve as a member of the EDC. Send a resume to the attention of the Township Manager at 502 Millbrook Avenue, Randolph, NJ 07869. Appointments are made by the council at its January reorganization meeting so time is of the essence. Questions? Need more info about the EDC? Visit the committee's web page or contact EDC Chairman Lou Pangaro at 973.927.1753.


text:
Q: can we place some data inside the circle drawn on the google map using google map api I am using the sample from google map API to draw the circle and wanted to place the population value inside the circle for the plots can we do this in google map API
Example:https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/circle-simple
inside the ping circle as shown in the demo ,want to place the value of the population

A: One option is to use the InfoBox third party library to label the circles.
Proof of concept fiddle
code snippet:

// This example creates circles on the map, representing populations in North
// America.

function initMap() {
  // Create the map.
  var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
    zoom: 4,
    center: {
      lat: 37.090,
      lng: -95.712
    },
    mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.TERRAIN
  });

  // Construct the circle for each value in citymap.
  // Note: We scale the area of the circle based on the population.
  for (var city in citymap) {
    // Add the circle for this city to the map.
    var cityCircle = new google.maps.Circle({
      strokeColor: '#FF0000',
      strokeOpacity: 0.8,
      strokeWeight: 2,
      fillColor: '#FF0000',
      fillOpacity: 0.35,
      map: map,
      zIndex: -100,
      center: citymap[city].center,
      radius: Math.sqrt(citymap[city].population) * 100
    });
    var myOptions = {
      content: "population
" + citymap[city].population,
      boxStyle: {
        background: '#FFFFFF',
        color: '#000000',
        textAlign: "center",
        fontSize: "8pt",
        width: "50px"
      },
      disableAutoPan: true,
      pixelOffset: new google.maps.Size(-25, -10), // left upper corner of the label
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(citymap[city].center.lat,
        citymap[city].center.lng),
      closeBoxURL: "",
      isHidden: false,
      pane: "floatPane",
      zIndex: 100,
      enableEventPropagation: true
    };
    var ib = new InfoBox(myOptions);

    ib.open(map);

  }
}

google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, "load", initMap);

// First, create an object containing LatLng and population for each city.
var citymap = {
  chicago: {
    center: {
      lat: 41.878,
      lng: -87.629
    },
    population: 2714856
  },
  newyork: {
    center: {
      lat: 40.714,
      lng: -74.005
    },
    population: 8405837
  },
  losangeles: {
    center: {
      lat: 34.052,
      lng: -118.243
    },
    population: 3857799
  },
  vancouver: {
    center: {
      lat: 49.25,
      lng: -123.1
    },
    population: 603502
  }
};
html,
body,
#map {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0px;
  padding: 0px
}


text:
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Home Products Solar Vehicles World's First Solar-Powered Helicopter Solar Gamera Passed First Flight
World's First Solar-Powered Helicopter Solar Gamera Passed First Flight
Solar Mag.
2016 has been a very fruitful year for the development of solar flying. Just a few months ago, Switzerland's solar-powered airplane, Solar Impulse, had completed a 16-month non-fuel global flight. And the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) announced on August 25 that Korea's first high-altitude solar unmanned aerial vehicle (EAV-3) had successfully finished a 90-minute flight. Now an engineering team in the University of Maryland has made a significant breakthrough – launched the world's first solar-powered helicopter and finished its first flight.
Though this solar-powered helicopter, called Solar Gamera, can only fly for a short distance, but its researchers said that it is already a historical milestone whether in the green aviation field or in the spiral-wing flying field. And it is a matter of time to achieve a longer flight.
Actually the size of Solar Gamera is not small, which occupies an area of around 100 square feet. The team in the University of Maryland informed that at present Solar Gamera has only completed two successful flights, with a duration of 9 seconds and an off-ground height of about one foot. Each of the small solar panels used on the helicopter is made of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. These solar cells were purchased separately and attached to the baseplate made of foam materials, then they were assembled into big solar panels to provide power for Solar Gamera.
Screenshot from the flying test video by the UMD
During the flight test, Michelle Mahon majoring in Materials Science seated in Solar Gamera and was raised up. The other engineers in the team operated beside the helicopter and helped Solar Gamera fly back to the ground safely. They said as the work progresses, the performance of this solar-powered helicopter will be further enhanced; but it's not easy to achieve a long-distance flight in the short term. The good news is with the advance in the electronic equipment in Solar Gamera, it'll be easier to control, and completing a flight time exceeds 9 seconds would not be so hard.
Moreover, the big size and the relatively low reliability of utilizing solar power for the helicopter are facing challenges. In the future it also requires a variety of cross-domain research to conquer these challenges.
Some solar-powered aircrafts in 2016 you may be interested in
Solar Impulse 2 completed its 17-leg 25,000-mile round-the-world journey and arrived in Abu Dhabi in July. You can relive the flight here.
On August 12, Korea's first high-altitude solar unmanned aerial vehicle (EAV-3) had successfully finished a flight of 90 minutes in the stratosphere that 18.5 kilometers high.
The flight shown above performed from July 19th – 20th 2016 by the AtlantikSolar unmanned aerial vehicle, represents another historical milestone: The first-ever fully-autonomous – from launch to landing – solar-powered perpetual flight with a color + thermal camera payload in a 26-hour Search-and-Rescue mission. comment
solar aircraft
Korea's First Solar Unmanned Aerial Vehicle EAV-3 Launched!
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Solar Magazine is an online solar PV magazine comprised of various aspects of the solar energy industry. We share news, technologies, developments and insights. We're integrating forces to help better promote the development of the industry. And we seek the universalization of solar lifestyle.
© 2020 Solar Magazine. All Rights Reserved.
World's First Solar-Powered Helicopter Solar Gamera Passed First Flightby Solar Mag.


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text:
Christ Restoration and Pirelli
When a lightning destroys: a social project that makes a world of difference
Performing complex repairs at Christ's gigantic hand is not a common thing to the Italian tire manufacturer, Pirelli. However, when the iconic statue of Christ the Redeemer, at Rio de Janeiro, was struck by a lightning, Pirelli entered in scene to finance the reconstruction work. The repairs happened a little while before Brazil hosting 2014's World Cup and, since it was waiting for thousands of tourists, it was a cultural mandatory to secure the statue and present it with the best of looks.
"For a monument like this, which receives two million guests a year – probably three million in 2014 –, such a damage could not remain unfixed," said Paolo Dal Pino, Pirelli South America's CEO at the time.
Pirelli's decision of financing the repairs was a social project in line with its "corporate citizenship" philosophy and coincided with its 85-year celebrations in Brazil. "Repairing Christ the Redeemer was the best thing we could have done to express our gratitude to this Country and to celebrate this anniversary," said Dal Pino.
"Most of Pirelli's social projects involve local programs that focus in training, health, and quality of life."
Sustainability is Pirelli's core. Since its creation, at more than 140 years ago, the company has been considering its environment as a fundamental source that must be preserved and respected. This philosophy is not limited only to the efficient use of resources, attention to its carbon footprint, and the development of products that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions – it is extended to governing and social goals, including the proposal of adding value to the communities where the company works, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and so widely respected by Pirelli's values and on the Ethics Code.
Most of Pirelli's social projects involve local programs that focus in training, health, and quality of life. That may happen through a media campaign about the importance of tire maintenance and road safety, or by participating on the recycle day in Russia, but in some circumstances, a project like Rio's statue may be displayed on headlines all around the world.
In 2014, Pirelli spent more than €6,5 in social projects, great part of that in the local currency in emerging markets and developing countries. The projects are locally managed and must rigorously comply with the main development indicators (KPIs). It may be the number of assisted families, the number of trained students, or even the amount of cleaned area. The projects are reviewed by comparing the quantitative criteria to obtain numbers that stakeholders understand. Therefore, KPIs are a common language.
"In each case, we work to make the difference and to present a positive impact."
In China, Pirelli developed a trainee program that offers to college students the opportunity to train at the Yanzhou factory, while a scholarship program at Qingdao Science and Technology University supports 25 students that present the best performance. It also supports the website China Confucius, which makes Confucianism researches.
In Russia, Pirelli paid for and planted 5,000 small oaks as part of the World Recycling Day, sponsored a fundraising day in Voronezh, where it also participated by collaborating with several lectures about chemical engineering, and also supported a media festival in Kirov, where also are offered university internships.
Value and tangible impacts
Great projects include the program Inter Campus partnership with the soccer club Inter Milan, which, at each year, gives the chance to hundreds of boys and girls, between the ages of six to thirteen years old, to learn and perfect their soccer skills.
Another project is the relationship that Pirelli has with a hospital in Slatina, Romania, where the company has a factory. The company supports the professional training of doctors and nurses of Slatina Hospital in cooperation with Niguarda Hospital in Milan. More than 250 professionals were training in this program, specifically in oncology, pediatrics, and emergency care. Pirelli also donated medical equipment and devices to Slatina Hospital.
"In each case, we work to make the difference and to present a positive impact," said Dr. Eleonora Giada Pessina, Pirelli Group's Director of Sustainability and Diversity. "The projects do not need to be great or famous, like Rio de Janeiro's project. They just need to be effective. This is our main criterion and goal."


text:
Linda Stahl ( 2 de octubre de 1985 en Steinheim) es una lanzadora de jabalina alemana.

Su mejor tiro personal es 66,81 metros, logrado el 29 de julio de 2010 en el Campeonato Europeo de Atletismo en Barcelona, España, donde ganó el oro.

Creció en Blomberg, y estudia Medicina en la Universidad de Colonia. Ella representa el club deportivo TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen, después de haber cambiado el club en 2003 de LG Lippe-Süd, y fue entrenada con Steffi Nerius bajo el entrenador Helge Zöllkau.

Referencias

Atletas de Alemania
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de atletismo
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de Alemania
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de Londres 2012
Alumnado de la Universidad de Münster

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Panthers Should Make More Moves Before the Trade Deadline
By Christian Rodriguez February 21st, 2020
We're less than a week away from the trade deadline, and Florida Panthers' general manager Dale Tallon has made a trade that certainly looks like it won't be the last one for the club before the 3 p.m. ET deadline on Monday.
Related: 20 Biggest NHL Trades in the Past Year
Denis Malgin has been traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs for forward Mason Marchment. It's a forward for forward trade, clearing up some cap space for the Panthers. Marchment is expected to report to the American Hockey League's (AHL) Springfield Thunderbirds where he will add his Calder Cup-champion pedigree to a team looking to make a playoff run in the American Hockey League.
Tallon Adds Depth to the Organization
Marchment has appeared in both the NHL and AHL this season, recording one assist in four games with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In the AHL with the Maple Leafs' affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, he had a total of 18 points in 24 games played with 13 goals and 5 assists.
The 6-foot-4 winger was a key part during the 2018 Calder Cup run with the Marlies, scoring 6 goals in 20 games. The trade comes after it was reported by TSN's Hockey Insider Pierre LeBrun, that Malgin wanted to be traded from Florida.
Panthers GM Dale Tallon tells me the agent for Denis Malgin had asked him several times for a trade out of Florida. He got his wish.
— Pierre LeBrun (@PierreVLeBrun) February 19, 2020
The Panthers have been very active as of late with their transactions as they have called up 23-year-old forward, Aleksi Saarela from Springfield who scored his first NHL goal in Wednesday's win versus the Anaheim Ducks. This past Monday, forward Jayce Hawryluk was claimed off waivers by the Ottawa Senators, seeing the 24-year-old leave the Panthers who drafted him in second round of the 2014 draft.
Some of the players the Panthers were rumored to get, have already been acquired by other NHL teams without having to give up too much for a good return. Tallon has expressed his interest in getting a defenseman, which would definitely improve the blueline's lack of keeping the puck out of the net.
Current Market for a Defenseman
The St. Louis Blues were able to get Marco Scandella from the Montreal Canadiens for a 2020 second-round pick and a conditional 2021 fourth-round pick. The Washington Capitals were able to acquire Brenden Dillon from the San Jose Sharks in exchange for a 2020 second-round pick and 2021 conditional third-round pick.
The Vegas Golden Knights joined the trend of trading away picks for a defenseman acquiring Alec Martinez from the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for a 2020 second-round pick and a 2021 second-round pick.
Alec Martinez (Jess Starr/The Hockey Writers)
Teams did not give a significant amount for these defensemen acquired before the deadline, as it makes one wonder if Tallon should've sacrificed some picks for their issue now as the market looks favorable for the Panthers. It's this time of the year where contending teams look to improve their teams even more keeping in mind of the battles that will arise come playoff time.
Not to mention Vegas gets to keep Martinez for another season before he becomes an unrestricted free agent for the 2021-22 season. A very good trade that adds experience to Vegas's defense and one that certainly helps Los Angeles's rebuild.
Can Tallon Add That Missing Piece to This Roster?
Tallon should've already made a move like this as the window for an available defenseman keeps closing. He has to take the blueprint out of Vegas's trade for Martinez and replicate that for the Panthers.
Vegas have added Martinez already to a defense consisting of Nate Schmidt, Shea Theodore, and not to mention already having an elite goaltender in Marc-Andre Fleury. Adding one more top four defenseman would be great for this Panthers team to play alongside Aaron Ekblad or Anton Stralman.
Aaron Ekblad, Florida Panthers (Jess Starr/The Hockey Writers)
Tallon definitely has a tough job in the next couple of days in thinking if this team is good enough for a playoff run. There's still over 20 games left to be played, but it's the next couple of days where Tallon will have full control in determining what the roster will look like for the rest of the season.
The team is also not making it easy for him as they currently have a two game winning streak on their West Coast road trip. One of the players who scored Wednesday night against the Ducks was Vincent Trochek.
Trocheck on the Move?
Trocheck this year hasn't produced much offensively like in his previous years when he was a consistent 20 goal scorer including a 31-goal season during the 2017-18 season.
He missed a significant amount of games due to injury last year which took a hit in his stats, but this year his numbers haven't been good which is disappointing as a top six center on a team that has scored many goals this season.
LeBrun on TSN's Insider Trading has said that the Panthers are listening to
offers for Vincent Trocheck, which means trading him may be a possibility and not mention Mike Hoffman falls into that category.
Pierre LeBrun on Insider Trading says the Florida Panthers are not shopping Vincent Trocheck but are receiving and listening to calls on him. They're in desperate need and search of an upgrade to their top 4 defense. Mike Hoffman's name is also out there. #FlaPanthers
— NHL News/Rumors (@puck_report2) February 18, 2020
Lebrun on Insider trading says the Panthers are listening to calls on Trocheck
The Panthers should look at Minnesota Wild defenseman, Jonas Brodin which would make sense to trade for. Brodin is a top-4 left-handed defenseman who currently has a cap hit of $4.16 million with two years left on his deal.
Those two extra years make a significant impact in trying to acquire Brodin. The Panthers might have to offer maybe a second round pick along with Trochek for Brodin, as the Wild are looking to add center depth for their run at making it into the postseason.
Jonas Brodin, Minnesota Wild (Jess Starr/The Hockey Writers)
"The Wild have expressed interest in Vincent Trocheck, the Florida Panthers No. 2 center," said Michael Russo from The Athletic. "To me, when I connect the dots, there's really only one guy that makes sense for the Florida Panthers if you're gonna make a trade for Trocheck, and that is Jonas Brodin."
"They need a first-pair left D to play with Aaron Ekblad, and to me, that would obviously be — if you're gonna make this trade — I think that Brodin would be in it."
The window for this Panthers core is around three-to-five years, so it would be ideal for the Panthers to make a move adding some experienced presence to this playoff hopeful team.
Get the latest 2020 NHL Trade Deadline news, rumors and analysis
2020 NHL Trade Deadline
Vincent Trocheck


text:
Q: add custom field to image widgert in Drupal I have a content type within which i'm using the Image field type and widget which provides a field for alt text and title. Now I'd like to add another field "link" to each image where I can define a custom link with each image. How can I do this?
Oh, I'm using Drupal 7...
Thanks,
Ron

A: If you want to avoid having to build your own module, I suggest you try Field Collection module. The module allows you to create a set of fields, combine it into one field and then use it as a field on content type.
You can create a field collection with one image field and link field, then output that as an image with link.

A: Please try this alter function - "multiupload_imagefield_widget_field_widget_form_alter"


New Hyundai Santa Fe from your Peoria IL dealership, Mike Miller Hyundai.
Mike Miller Hyundai has an extensive inventory of the Hyundai Santa Fe in Peoria, IL for you to view. If you are in the market for a new Santa Fe, our Peoria Hyundai showroom is a great place to start the search for your new vehicle. Above you will find any Hyundai Santa Fe specials we are currently offering.
If the new Hyundai Santa Fe is not what you are looking for, Mike Miller Hyundai offers the complete lineup of Hyundai vehicles as well as used inventory. Please view our complete new or pre-owned vehicle inventory to find what you are looking for.


Comments: Count Dooku is the leader of the Separatist movement. A renegade Jedi, Dooku has torn apart the galaxy with his plan to bring down the Republic. He is known as Darth Tyranus, a Dark Lord of the Sith.


Weekend All age men's 4/5s division, 11 a side football (soccer) team in eastern suburbs. Club- Dunbar Rovers are seeking a goal keeper for the season. If you've got keeper skills send me a message. Cheers, Shane.
hi we are 2 pro players we played in some of Tournaments with our school we live in Iran we wanna show ourselves there because here we can't join to a good club because of our religion plz would you give a chance to be there and show our skills i promise we won't despise you!!!! is it impossible invite us!? please!
I'm Ali .. I'm 19 years old .. I wanna join ur team !
Northern Beaches Breakers is a representative Futsal club based on the Northern Beaches & North Shore of Sydney NSW, competing in the NSW State League. Northern Beaches Futsal Club also provides a competitive environment for senior players in both men and women who wish to compete at one of the highest levels of Futsal in Australia. We are looking for experienced players and coaches for the up coming season.