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The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (11)
Research Platform (1)
occupational therapists (5)
active learning (1)
acute cerebrovascular accidents (1)
alcohol use disorders identification test (1)
Assessment/Measurement (1)
Brief or New (1)
Driving and Community Mobility (1)
Professional Issues (1)
Rehabilitation, Disability, and Participation (1)
Evaluation of Family-Centered Participation-Based Assessments: Practitioners' Judgment of Content Validity and Clinical Utility
Liat Gafni-Lachter, OTD, Ayelet Ben-Sasson, ScD
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021, Vol. 75(Supplement_2), 7512500067p1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.75S2-RP67
Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Assessing families' needs is essential for providing effective family-centered care. In this study, seven standardized measures were evaluated for their content validity and clinical utility by 71 practicing health care practitioners. Although all the measures were perceived as valid and useful, wide variability among practitioners' ratings was found. Guidelines for incorporating clinical reasoning regarding conceptual and practical aspects of measures to assess family needs will be presented. Primary Author and Speaker: Liat Gafni-Lachter Additional Authors and Speakers: Ayelet Ben-Sasson
Use of Simulated Patients and Reflective Video Analysis to Assess Occupational Therapy Students' Preparedness for Fieldwork
Amanda K. Giles, Nancy E. Carson, Hazel L. Breland, Patty Coker-Bolt, Peter J. Bowman
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2014, Vol. 68(Supplement_2), S57–S66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.685S03
Educators must determine whether occupational therapy students are adequately prepared for Level II fieldwork once they have successfully completed the didactic portion of their coursework. Although studies have shown that students regard the use of video cameras and simulated patient encounters as useful tools for assessing professional and clinical behaviors, little has been published in the occupational therapy literature regarding the practical application of simulated patients or reflective video analysis. We describe a model for a final Comprehensive Practical Exam that uses both simulated patients and reflective video analysis to assess student preparedness for Level II fieldwork, and we report on student perceptions of these instructional modalities. We provide recommendations for designing, implementing, and evaluating simulated patient experiences in light of existing educational theory.
Predicting Fitness to Drive Using the Visual Recognition Slide Test (USyd)
Lynnette G. Kay, Anita C. Bundy, Lindy M. Clemson
OBJECTIVE. The authors examined the construct and predictive validity and internal reliability of the Visual Recognition Slide Test developed at the University of Sydney (VRST–USyd). METHOD. A historical cohort study using retrospective descriptive analysis of VRST–USyd scores and on-road driving performance for 838 drivers with impairments was conducted. RESULTS. Rasch analysis provided evidence for the construct validity and internal reliability of the VRST–USyd. Goodness-of-fit statistics for all items were acceptable. The test had high participant and item reliability indexes and separated the participants into four groups with varying levels of skill. Using a cutoff score of 95/164, the sensitivity of the test was 81%, and the specificity was 90%. However, when coupled with clinicians' judgment of participants' awareness of their driving performance during the on-road assessment, this score improved. CONCLUSION. There is evidence for reliability and construct and predictive validity of the VRST–USyd. The measurement of awareness requires further research.
Intervention Planning Facets—Four Facets of Occupational Therapy Intervention Planning: Economics, Ethics, Professional Judgment, and Evidence-Based Practice
Alexander Lopez, Elizabeth A. Vanner, Alexis M. Cowan, Anisha P. Samuel, Dana L. Shepherd
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.1.87
OBJECTIVE. This study determined occupational therapists' perceptions of the following facets of intervention planning: economics, ethics, independent professional judgment, and evidence-based practice. METHOD. A cross-sectional survey of 142 occupational therapists who provide short-term rehabilitation in five northeastern states was undertaken. RESULTS. Most occupational therapists (n = 137, 96.5%) fell into one of four clusters, with the largest cluster (n = 86, 60.6%) having positive perceptions about ethics and independent professional judgment but negative perceptions about economic issues. Smaller clusters of occupational therapists were more positive about economic issues or less positive about ethics and independent professional judgment. Negative perceptions about the ability to implement evidence-based practice spanned all clusters. CONCLUSION. American Occupational Therapy Association's efforts to educate occupational therapists about ethics appear to be effective. Most occupational therapists exercise independent professional judgment but perceive economic limitations when developing intervention plans. Practicing occupational therapists need additional research to support evidence-based practice and help in accessing and using research.
Using Social Judgment Theory to Study Occupational Therapists' Use of Information When Making Driver Licensing Recommendations for Older and Functionally Impaired Adults
Carolyn A. Unsworth
OBJECTIVE. This study sought to identify the informational cues that driver-assessor-trained occupational therapists (DATOTs) consider when making driver licensing recommendations for older and functionally impaired clients. Relatively little research supports these complex decisions. METHOD. A survey using a social judgment theory framework was mailed to all practicing registered DATOTs in Victoria, Australia. RESULTS. Cue mean rank order, as calculated across the 56 responses (return rate, 78%), revealed that the four most important cues were driving instructor interventions, driver behavior, cognitive and perceptual skills, and vehicle handling skills. Substantial individual variations in cue ranks were not attributable to respondents' years of experience. CONCLUSION. Because driver licensing recommendations may have a major impact on clients' lives, debate and further study concerning information use are needed to assist DATOTs in making consistent and optimal licensing recommendations to ensure the safety of all road users and avoid when possible the negative consequences of license loss.
Influence of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Assessment Method on Judgments of Independence
Catana Brown, William P. Moore, Darcee Hemman, Amy Yunek
Objective: Occupational therapists frequently evaluate instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance with interviews and observation of simulated tasks. This study examined the congruence of judgments of independence when comparing task performance assessed by interview and simulation with task performance assessed by observation in the natural environment. Method: Twenty person with severe mental illness were selected through convenience sampling and evaluated on two IADL task (making a purchase in a store and using the bus). The participants were evaluated on each task with two methods of assessment: interview and simulation and observation in the natural environment. Results. Results indicated inconsistent performance across assessment approaches and tasks and supported the importance of considering contextual features in understanding the complexity of performance in the natural environment. A trend toward false positives was found in which several participants were judged independent on the IADL assessment but could not perform the same tasks in the natural environment. Conclusion. Occupational therapists should be cautious when making judgments of independence on the basis of interview and observation of simulated tasks. Evaluating IADL performance in the persons' natural environment may provide more accurate information.
Pediatric Rehabilitation: Clinical Judgment Regarding Treatment Intensity
Lisa A. Kurtz
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1992, Vol. 46(10), 947–949.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.46.10.947
Development of a Treatment Rating in School Systems: Service Determination Through Objective Measurement
Sharon K. Farley, Tamara Sarracino, Patricia M. Howard
This paper introduces the Capital Area Treatment Rating (CATR) being developed by the occupational and physical therapists of the Capital Area Intermediate Unit in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. This rating assists therapists in identifying children in special education who require occupational or physical therapy treatment. The CATR consists of two measurement categories – functional levels and clinical judgment factors – each of which is rated on a 4-point ordinal scale. The scores from each of these categories are then added together for a final rating score. A pilot test involving 180 children in special education indicated that the need for treatment is most consistently associated with a score of 28 points or above on the CATR. A survey of 17 pediatric occupational therapists revealed strong support for the instrument's content and resulted in a revised version. Suggestions for future research and ongoing development are discussed, as are general guidelines for use of the instrument in special education occupational therapy programs.
Criteria Mapping: A Method of Quality Assurance
Mary Law, Brenda Ryan, Elizabeth Townsend, Barbara O'Shea
Criteria mapping is a flexible and responsive method of chart audit that allows the simultaneous assessment of both the process and the outcome of care by means of health record abstraction. This method of audit is particularly suited to occupational therapy because it includes branching to reflect the sequential judgments of therapists and does not penalize the clinician for omitting unnecessary procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility and reliability of the criteria mapping process in evaluating the quality of care for a self-care disability in an acute care setting. Three occupational therapists and one independent abstractor evaluated 12 charts twice. Intraobserver reliability calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients was .77 for the therapists and .65 for all observers. Interobserver reliability was .73 for the therapists and .72 for all observers. The criteria map provided comprehensive and relevant information about each chart. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for the ongoing monitoring of the quality of care in occupational therapy.
Reliability and Accuracy of Visually Analyzing Graphed Data From Single-Subject Designs
Kenneth J. Ottenbacher
As the number of single-subject research reports in the occupational therapy literature increases, the reliability of clinical decisions made from single-subject data must be determined. This study examined the ability of occupational therapists to reliably and accurately analyze data from single-subject designs using visual inspection of graphed data. Forty-six therapists provided a rating on whether or not a clinically significant change in performance had occurred across the baseline and treatment phases for five graphs of hypothetical data. The results revealed that considerable disagreement existed in making visual judgments based on the five graphs. The data sets were also analyzed using a recently developed statistical procedure for use with single-subject data. The level of agreement between the quantitative analysis and the visual analysis was also poor, suggesting inconsistency in the ability to make accurate visual judgments of single-subject data. The advantages and limitations of graphic presentation and visual inspection of single-subject data are discussed and the argument is made that some form of quantitative analysis should generally be used in conjunction with the visual inspection of graphed data.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Skill Remediation in Acute Stroke Patients
Lynn Tondat Carter, Bertram E. Howard, William A. O'Neil
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a cognitive skills remediation program could help acute stroke patients regain important thinking skills. Patients in a community hospital stroke program were pre-tested in three skill areas—visual scanning, visual-spatial orientation, and time judgment—and randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 16) or control ( n = 17) group. The treatment group received cognitive skill retraining on a one-to-one basis for 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 3 weeks. The retraining involved the use of paper and pencil tasks, simple cuing procedures, positive reinforcement, and immediate feedback. Although the control group did not receive this treatment, conventional therapies continued for both groups. Patients receiving treatment had overall and separate skill improvement scores that were significantly higher than those for control patients. The implications of this type of treatment program are discussed.


for its time of beauty has passed so quickly within a temporary world.
for the broken has its way of saying that pain has been stronger than its capacity of being what it was.
Beating hearts, like flowers are the most majestic creations of God.
but its glory has passed like withering flowers.
in vivid dreams and shattered souls.
I can't precisely remember when or where I had first met her, as she seemed to be an acquainted face, but I know that we introduced ourselves on a day in October; the reddish-brown and yellow leaves were drifting to the ground and covered it like a carpet of colourful delight.
She smiled at me at a distance where I could barely recognize whom she was looking at, but as I was the only person on the road I assumed she had been smiling at me or at some inner thoughts, which I didn't really consider, as life then did not give you any pleasure to smile at in midst of the street.
When she was only a few steps in front of me and I was completely sure of her smiling at me, she took a further big step into my direction and said without hesitation: "What a beautiful day Dr. Chester, isn't it?".
At this point I think it of high importance to introduce myself, even though I won't be able to tell you many things about my childhood. My name is Roderick Chester, born in a small town in Cheshire, currently living in an even smaller town near London. Almost everyone around here knows me, as I am the only doctor in town. I'm also known for not having children nor wife, but all this is highly connected to my childhood and to my young adulthood, of which I do not want to talk about. All I can say is that I am an honourable man, I will always tell the truth and there is no risk that I may be unable to tell you a story because of forgetting anything. My brain is still young and as I never drink a sip of alcohol, I will not talk about blurred happenings, in the contrary, they will always be crystal-clear.
To get back to the story, the first thing that came to my mind when she talked to me was that she could have been one of my patients, but I could not remember having seen her dark-green eyes within the last few years. "It is, indeed, a quite beautiful day", I replied after I had analyzed her pale face and dark hair, "but, without wanting to be impolite, dearest Lady, I cannot recollect having seen you here around.". She smiled again, soundless and somehow emotionless. "I am new in town, but I've heard of you, that's why I recognized you. I am sorry if I have troubled you.", she said, and without having been able to reply or to say that she did not trouble me at all, she had already made her way towards the centre of the town. I watched her for a few seconds, how she almost danced around the falling leaves and how her dark hair fluttered in the light October-wind.
"Who was she?", I thought when I had returned home and was putting in order all the letters I had received but not yet opened. I did not know who she was, even though I was almost sure I had seen her somewhere, somewhere different. The image of her haunted me even in my dreams that night, I saw her beautiful green eyes and dark hair glittering and sparkling, as if she was a sort of magical human-being. You may think now that I was attracted to her the way every man would be attracted to a beautiful woman, but it was something different that made me dream of her. It was something irrational, something I am unable to put in words.
The morning came too fast and too bright, sun-rays were burning against my face and branches were tickling the façade of the house with an almost unbearable sound. Luckily it was Sunday, as it was almost noon when I woke up, and had it been a work-day people might have died until I would have shown up at their houses. On Sundays people did not get sick and they surely did not die on that day. So I leaned back into my bed and smiled, even I a bit emotionless: "No people dying today". Still, I was a bit confused, I didn't oversleep for years and I felt even more exhausted in this morning than in the evening. I knew that it had to do with the dreams I had. That young woman, approximately twenty years old and twenty years younger than myself, had made me hers in less than twenty seconds. Not in a sexual way though, no woman could stir up such desires in me, the one who could have, was already gone, but something about her made me curious, maybe it was the witness in her eyes or the melody of her voice. I knew I had to meet her again. I had to know what it was that made me almost go mad.
A few moments later I found myself in front of the town council's house, knocking impatiently at the wooden door. When the old man's face appeared, still sleepy and quite surprised seeing me on a Sunday, I smiled faintly, asked pardon for visiting at such inappropriate moments and said "I need your help really quickly, I am sure it won't take you more than 5 minutes." He opened the door widely, asked me to come in and offered me a cup of tea or coffee, which I both rejected and rather took a glass of cold water to freshen up my mind. After we had accommodated ourselves I started telling him the reason for my unexpected visit. "It is of greatest importance that I can take a glimpse at the inhabitants-list, just to make sure everything is going well with my job. Mr. Marten, you won't believe me, but I have found myself in big trouble the last week. Can you believe that? I! The town's only Doctor, being pushed into big problems!", I said, raising my voice, and I could feel my ears becoming hot, and my cheeks starting to blush, my heart pumping blood throughout my body faster than ever. I hadn't lied for a long time now, actually I couldn't even recollect when the last time had been I used this kind of strategy to reach my goals. Naive Mr. Marten looked puzzled, "Why, of course you can have a look at the list. What troubles you Mr. Chester?". He got up, walked towards a pile of paper and started looking for that list. "Thank you, Mr. Marten, I owe you something! Well, I'm not sure how to put this into words, dear Sir, but people nowadays spit lies like salutes. I suspect that one or two men handed me in their wrong identities, I want to clear that up. You know, Mr. Marten, I surely do not want to operate against the law.", I said, realizing how ironically I talked about lies. Mr. Marten though, naive and kind as he was, had already found the list and was handing it to me, saying: "Oh, I understand.".
Bernice Hayton, 21 years old, born in Cheshire. I would have thought it possible to have seen here there, but I am already living in this town for 22 years now and I never visited my hometown in those years. Of what use her name was, I did not know yet, I still didn't know why her appearance was such a familiar one.
"Bernice Hayton.", I whispered and repeated over and over again, until I reached my old and yet beautiful and pleasant house. The light shone so brightly upon my door and my big windows that I wasn't sure if I was seeing Bernice's ghost there waiting for me, if it was an illusion or if it was her. I closed my eyes several time to clarify the mystery and somehow I felt crazy, mad and tired as her silhouette did not disappear. Without saying a word I opened the door next to her, waved my had to welcome her and closed the door slowly as nothing strange was happening. I did not care what my neighbours would say the next day, I let her in, Bernice, my yet unknown visitor from Cheshire.
She followed me into the dining room where I served her a cup of tea, without asking her if she wanted some or not. I sat down in front of her, still not having said a word and still quite bewildered. Her cheeks where pale, almost white, her hair dark, she looked unhealthy but beautiful. Yes, indeed, she was a very beautiful and cruel young lady.
"Thank you, Mr. Chester.", she said, after having taken her first sip of tea. "Roderick, it is my pleasure.", I replied after some seconds and asked, "what brings you here Miss Hayton?". She laughed. It was a warm laughter, warm and frightening, unusually loud for a woman. "You know my name as well, I see.", she said, her eyes fixed on mine. This lady, I thought, knows no shame, even though I grew up in a time where shame was everywhere, everyone had a reason to feel shame, shame was part of every furniture. Puzzled I stared back, shameless, returning her favour. "Roderick, I am not here to steal your time, nor to talk to you about anything in particular. I moved here only to hand you this letter, it was difficult to find you, but I did.", Bernice said with a calm voice, reaching out a letter. I took the letter, always staring at her eyes, thinking of how long I could look at them without getting bored. Her eyes seemed like the universe, deep and dark, known and unknown. Her eyes were magical.
She had left. Right after I had taken the letter from her, she walked out of my house, noiselessly and swiftly. I turned the letter in my hands, totally lost inside of my own memories. It had only taken me a few moments with her, to realize some of her habits, as for example her rarely blinking. I did not know how to explain how it was possible to keep the eyes open for so long. When she blinked, she did it slowly, she pressed her lids together and kept them close, so that her green eyes disappeared for what seemed to me almost an eternity. Thinking of her, I had already opened the letter, consisting a writing similar to mine.
I have waited for you enough years to return and yet you did not come, you did not write, you did not want to know where your family was. Have you completely forgotten where home is?
You cannot imagine what has happened here, your vanishing did cause us many troubles and I am disappointed of you. How could you leave us without saying a word?
Mother is sick, she does not sleep at night, she talks of monsters who show up at night and want to harm her. She talks of father, who died six years ago, after you have left, she still sees him when the moon shines through the windows into our broken house. You have made your parents sick, father has died of dishonour, his only son having left him in the mud. He was right when he told me you were an incredibly bizarre person, but I have always refused to believe that you were bad. Now I know better.
I have a daughter as you see, Bernice Hayton. Or should I say I have raised her as my daughter? She does not know her parents, but you, my dearest brother, you do know them. Does she not remind you of someone? Does her recklessness not remind you of a specific person?
You have ruined me, but this is no tragedy. How beautiful it would have been if you had only ruined me. Roderick, you destroyed your whole family, your beloved ones, your friends and most of all, you destroyed Bernice.
More confused than ever I let the letter slip through my hands, and watched it drift to the ground. I did not expect my family to find me and I did not expect them to write to me now, after many years have passed. I stood there as if roots were tangling the floor and furniture around me and I did not know how to move. Suddenly I forgot how to use my feet properly, how to hold something in my hands, how to think and how not to.
I have received your letter and I know that one should say thank you for it but I am unable to thank you for what you have told me now, after 22 years. You all know that I am no good with words, so I will keep this letter short.
Yes, I have left without saying anything and I did not regret it until now. I should have told you why I left, why I hated home, not you, but home. And no, Elizabeth, I have not forgotten where home was, I simply tried to retrain any emotions towards all of you. Home was not safety, nor warmth, home was an evil place, I had to leave, as it almost made me go mad. Maybe I am mad.
My dearest condolences regarding father's death. I do not know what to say more. I am a mess. I am sorry.
As the ink floated upon the paper, alcohol floated throughout my body. Sip after sip, my world became darker and scarier, I could not see the words I wrote clearly, everything was blurred. "At least I haven't forgotten the address", I spoke out loud, laughing pathetically and closing the envelope of my letter.
As the sky had already become dark, I lit a candle and made my way towards the mirror, holding onto the wall, as I was about to fall to the ground that now seemed to me like an abyss. Reaching the mirror I could feel my cheeks getting wet and a faint smile overcame my rather stiff face. "I haven't cried for years", I thought, as if those tears meant victory to a war I had long before lost.
The candle flickered furiously near my eyes, as I gazed into the mirror. My cheeks, usually pale, almost white, were now slightly blushed, as if the wine had run through them. My eyes ached, they felt exhausted, but yet I have to admit, their green colour made them seem vivid and mysterious. I stared at my own reflection, as shameless as Bernice did, and it made me sick, it made me want to pull out my graying hair, which once was dark brown, it made me want to tear out those eyes and go blind. I did not want to see myself, nor did I want to see Bernice within this mirror, but my feet refused to walk away.
So I stood there, glaring at my own reflection, until the candle burnt down.


Property set at the end of a nice and well organized village, called Mihaltsi. The village offers all the amenities needed for the day-to-day life, such as food shops, local pub, post office, school, nursery school. There are regular bus services to and from the village to the surrounding towns.
The house is single-storied, solidly built in 1974 by bricks and offering 65 sq. m. of built-up area. The house offers 3 rooms (3.30 x 3.70 m; 3.50 x 3.60 m and 3.30 x 3.90 m), internal bathroom with WC (2.10 x 1.70 m) and a corridor (3.10 x 1.70 m). Attached to the house is the so called summer kitchen, which has an entrance hall (3.2 x 1.9 m) and a kitchen (3.2 x 3.8 m). The roof of the house is in good condition and it was recently repaired. The attached summer kitchen will need renovation; the rooms in the house are in relatively good condition, but the electrical wires in two of the rooms were removed as the current owner was intending to re-wire the whole house. All floors are concrete and they could be finished with terracotta, laminate, solid wood or anything else. Since the house was inhabited for some years, it will need renovating and some repairs.
The property is enclosed by a brick wall and features 1100 sq. m. of land with an outbuilding (20 sq. m.), which could be converted into a BBQ with dining area.
The property is connected to electricity and water – mains; there is a water-well and a septic tank in the garden. Coming on an outstanding price, the property could be easily renovated and extended and used for permanent living or holidays.
- 120 km from Ruse City and the border with Romania.


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HS2 confirmed to go ahead
by Amy Fitz-Hugh | Feb 12, 2020 | Featured Slider, Latest, News
In a statement to Parliament Prime Minister Boris Johnson set out that after careful consideration of the independent Oakervee review, the decision has been taken to proceed with HS2.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson said:
"Delivering better, faster and more reliable transport connections is the way to close the opportunity gap across this country. But it is not and never will be an 'either/or' between big projects and local services. Dramatic improvements to local transport and the decision to proceed with HS2 will shift this country's centre of gravity away from the capital and transform connectivity between our towns and cities. I am drawing a clear line under the mismanagement of the past – HS2 must be delivered more efficiently and cost-effectively so that communities feel its benefits more quickly, particularly those in the North."
Douglas Oakervee's independent review into HS2 has today been published in full. After thorough analysis of the benefits and impacts of the project, work on Phase 1 (the route between London and Birmingham) is set to start in April. Government will revive the legislation to deliver Phase 2a (connecting Birmingham to Crewe) as soon as possible so that preparation works can move forward.
The Prime Minister told Parliament that he is committed to Phase 2b of the project, extending high-speed rail from the West Midlands to the North. In order to work out how best to deliver Northern Powerhouse Rail and Phase 2b more effectively, government will draw up an integrated plan for rail in the North, informed by an assessment from the National Infrastructure Commission.
This will work to identify the most effective sequencing of all relevant investments in the north, and look at how the two schemes can work together alongside wider investment in transport for the North and Midlands. It will also have a focus on ensuring that lessons are learned from Phase 1 of HS2 to drive down costs.
The PM outlined a number of measures to instil discipline and financial order to the project, including:
Appointing a dedicated minister with specific oversight and accountability for HS2
Redefining HS2 Ltd's role so that they can give maximum focus to successfully delivering Phase 1 and 2a, and making new delivery arrangements for Euston station and the design and construction of Phase 2b, to ensure better value for money and on time delivery
Improved transparency through regular reports to Parliament from the responsible minister

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
[DOCID: f:publ092.110]
[[Page 121 STAT. 989]]
Public Law 110-92
Making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2008, and for other
purposes. <<NOTE: Sept. 29, 2007 -  [H.J. Res. 52]>>
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are
hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise
appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues,
receipts, and funds, for the several departments, agencies,
corporations, and other organizational units of Government for fiscal
year 2008, and for other purposes, namely:
Sec. 101.  Such amounts as may be necessary, at a rate for
operations as provided in the applicable appropriations Acts for fiscal
year 2007 and under the authority and conditions provided in such Acts,
for continuing projects or activities (including the costs of direct
loans and loan guarantees) that are not otherwise specifically provided
for in this joint resolution, that were conducted in fiscal year 2007,
and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made
available in the following appropriations Acts:
(1) The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007
(division A of Public Law 109-289).
(2) The Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act,
2007 (Public Law 109-295).
(3) The Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (division
B of Public Law 109-289, as amended by Public Law 110-5).
Sec. 102. (a) No appropriation or funds made available or authority
granted pursuant to section 101 for the Department of Defense shall be
used for: (1) the new production of items not funded for production in
fiscal year 2007 or prior years; (2) the increase in production rates
above those sustained with fiscal year 2007 funds; or (3) the
initiation, resumption, or continuation of any project, activity,
operation, or organization (defined as any project, subproject,
activity, budget activity, program element, and subprogram within a
program element, and for any investment items defined as a P-1 line item
in a budget activity within an appropriation account and an R-1 line
item that includes a program element and subprogram element within an
appropriation account) for which appropriations, funds, or other
authority were not available during fiscal year 2007.
(b) No appropriation or funds made available or authority granted
pursuant to section 101 for the Department of Defense shall be used to
initiate multi-year procurements utilizing advance procurement funding
for economic order quantity procurement unless specifically appropriated
(c) <<NOTE: Notification.>> Notwithstanding this section, the
Secretary of Defense may, following notification of the congressional
defense committees, initiate projects or activities required to be
undertaken for force protection purposes using funds available from the
Iraq Freedom Fund.
Sec. 103.  Appropriations made by section 101 shall be available to
the extent and in the manner that would be provided by the pertinent
appropriations Act.
Sec. 104.  Except as otherwise provided in section 102, no
appropriation or funds made available or authority granted pursuant to
section 101 shall be used to initiate or resume any project or activity
for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were not available
during fiscal year 2007.
Sec. 105.  Appropriations made and authority granted pursuant to
this joint resolution shall cover all obligations or expenditures
incurred for any project or activity during the period for which funds
or authority for such project or activity are available under this joint
resolution.
Sec. 106.  <<NOTE: Expiration date.>> Unless otherwise provided for
in this joint resolution or in the applicable appropriations Act for
fiscal year 2008, appropriations and funds made available and authority
granted pursuant to this joint resolution shall be available until
whichever of the following first occurs: (1) the enactment into law of
an appropriation for any project or activity provided for in this joint
resolution; (2) the enactment into law of the applicable appropriations
Act for fiscal year 2008 without any provision for such project or
activity; or (3) November 16, 2007.
Sec. 107.  Expenditures made pursuant to this joint resolution shall
be charged to the applicable appropriation, fund, or authorization
whenever a bill in which such applicable appropriation, fund, or
authorization is contained is enacted into law.
Sec. 108.  Appropriations made and funds made available by or
authority granted pursuant to this joint resolution may be used without
regard to the time limitations for submission and approval of
apportionments set forth in section 1513 of title 31, United States
Code, but nothing in this joint resolution may be construed to waive any
other provision of law governing the apportionment of funds.
Sec. 109.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint
resolution, except section 106, for those programs that would otherwise
have high initial rates of operation or complete distribution of
appropriations at the beginning of fiscal year 2008 because of
distributions of funding to States, foreign countries, grantees, or
others, such high initial rates of operation or complete distribution
shall not be made, and no grants shall be awarded for such programs
funded by this joint resolution that would impinge on final funding
prerogatives.
Sec. 110.  This joint resolution shall be implemented so that only
the most limited funding action of that permitted in the joint
resolution shall be taken in order to provide for continuation of
projects and activities.
Sec. 111. (a) For entitlements and other mandatory payments whose
budget authority was provided in appropriations Acts for fiscal year
2007, and for activities under the Food Stamp Act of 1977, activities
shall be continued at the rate to maintain program levels under current
law, under the authority and conditions provided in the applicable
appropriations Act for fiscal year 2007, to be continued through the
date specified in section 106(3).
(b) Notwithstanding section 106, obligations for mandatory payments
due on or about the first day of any month that begins after October
2007 but not later than 30 days after the date specified in section
106(3) may continue to be made, and funds shall be available for such
Sec. 112.  Amounts made available under section 101 for civilian
personnel compensation and benefits in each department and agency may be
apportioned up to the rate for operations necessary to avoid furloughs
within such department or agency, consistent with the applicable
appropriations Act for fiscal year 2007, except that such authority
provided under this section shall not be used until after the department
or agency has taken all necessary actions to reduce or defer non-
personnel-related administrative expenses.
Sec. 113.  Funds appropriated by this joint resolution may be
obligated and expended notwithstanding section 10 of Public Law 91-672
(22 U.S.C. 2412), section 15 of the State Department Basic Authorities
Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2680), section 313 of the Foreign Relations
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (22 U.S.C. 6212), and
section 504(a)(1) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C.
414(a)(1)).
Sec. 114.  <<NOTE: Contracts.>> Notwithstanding section 20106 of the
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (division B of Public Law
109-289, as amended by Public Law 110-5), the Secretary of Agriculture
is authorized to enter into or renew contracts under section 521(a)(2)
of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490a(a)(2)) for 1 year.
Sec. 115.  The authority provided by section 3a of the Act of March
3, 1927 (commonly known as the ``Cotton Statistics and Estimates Act'')
(7 U.S.C. 473a) shall continue in effect through the date specified in
section 106(3) of this joint resolution.
Sec. 116.  The authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to carry
out the adjusted gross income limitation contained in section 1001D of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a) shall continue through
the end of the period specified in subsection (e) of such section or the
date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution, whichever
occurs later.
Sec. 117.  The provisions of title VIII of the Departments of
Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-447, division B) that apply
during fiscal year 2007 shall continue to apply through the date
specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution.
Sec. 118.  The authority provided by section 1202 of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109-163)
shall continue in effect through the earlier of the date of enactment of
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 or the date
Sec. 119.  The authority provided by section 1477(d) of title 10,
United States Code, as amended by section 3306 of Public Law 110-28,
shall continue in effect through the date of enactment of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008.
Sec. 120.  The authority provided by section 1208 of the Ronald W.
Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public
Law 108-375) shall continue in effect through the earlier of the date of
enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
or the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution.
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108-136), as
amended by section 1022 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109-163), shall continue in effect through
the earlier of the date of enactment of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 or the date specified in section
106(3) of this joint resolution.
Sec. 122.  The authority provided by section 1051a of title 10,
United States Code, shall continue in effect through the earlier of the
date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2008 or the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint
Sec. 123. <<NOTE: Expiration date.>> (a) Notwithstanding any other
provision of law or this joint resolution, and in addition to amounts
otherwise made available by this joint resolution, there is appropriated
$5,200,000,000 for a ``Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle Fund'',
to remain available until September 30, 2008.
(b) The funds provided by subsection (a) shall be available to the
Secretary of Defense to continue technological research and development
and upgrades, to procure Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles and
associated support equipment, and to sustain, transport, and field Mine
Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles.
(c)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall transfer funds provided by
subsection (a) to appropriations for operation and maintenance;
procurement; and research, development, test and evaluation to
accomplish the purposes specified in subsection (b). Such transferred
funds shall be merged with and be available for the same purposes and
for the same time period as the appropriation to which they are
(2) The transfer authority provided by this subsection shall be in
addition to any other transfer authority available to the Department of
(3) <<NOTE: Deadline. Notification.>> The Secretary of Defense
shall, not less than 5 days prior to making any transfer under this
subsection, notify the congressional defense committees in writing of
the details of the transfer.
(d) The amount provided by this section is designated as an
emergency requirement and necessary to meet emergency needs pursuant to
subsections (a) and (b) of section 204 of S. Con. Res. 21 (110th
Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2008.
Sec. 124.  Section 14704 of title 40, United States Code, shall be
applied by substituting the date specified in section 106(3) of this
joint resolution for ``October 1, 2007''.
Sec. 125.  Section 382N of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2009aa-13) shall be applied by substituting
the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution for
``October 1, 2007''.
Sec. 126.  Of the funds made available to the Department of Energy
under this joint resolution, $484,000 may be transferred to another
agency for carrying out the provisions of division C of Public Law 108-
324. Funds so transferred shall be refunded to the Department after
passage of the regular appropriations Act for that agency.
Sec. 127. (a) In addition to the amounts otherwise provided under
section 101, an additional amount is available under ``General Services
Administration--Operating Expenses Account'', at a rate
for operations of $4,340,000, for the costs of agency activities
transferred to the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals pursuant to
section 847 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
(b) For purposes of section 101, the rate for operations for each of
the accounts from which funds were transferred in fiscal year 2007
pursuant to section 847(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109-163; 41 U.S.C. 607 note) is reduced by
an amount equal to the annualized level of the funds transferred.
resolution, except section 106, the District of Columbia may expend
local funds for programs and activities under the heading ``District of
Columbia Funds'' for such programs and activities under title IV of H.R.
2829 (110th Congress), as passed by the House of Representatives, at the
rate set forth under ``District of Columbia Funds--Summary of Expenses''
as included in the Fiscal Year 2008 Proposed Budget and Financial Plan
submitted to the Congress by the District of Columbia on June 7, 2007,
as amended on June 29, 2007.
Sec. 129.  Section 403(f) of the Government Management Reform Act of
1994 (Public Law 103-356; 31 U.S.C. 501 note) shall be applied by
substituting the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint
resolution for ``October 1, 2006''.
Sec. 130.  Section 204(e) of the Veterans Benefits Improvement Act
of 2004 (Public Law 108-454; 38 U.S.C. 4301 note) shall be applied by
resolution for ``September 30, 2007''.
Sec. 131.  Any funds made available pursuant to section 101 for
United States Customs and Border Protection may be obligated to support
hiring, training, and equipping of new border patrol agents at a rate
for operations not exceeding that necessary to sustain the numbers of
new border patrol agents hired, trained, and equipped in the final
quarter of fiscal year 2007. <<NOTE: Notification.>> The Commissioner of
United States Customs and Border Protection shall notify the Committees
on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate on each
use of the authority provided in this section.
Sec. 132.  The Secretary of Homeland Security may continue, through
the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution, to
obligate funds at the rate the Secretary determines necessary to
maintain not more than the average monthly number of detention bed
spaces in use during September 2007 at detention facilities operated or
contracted by the Department of Homeland Security.
Sec. 133.  During the period specified in section 106 of this joint
resolution, section 517(b) of Public Law 109-295 shall not be in effect.
Sec. 134.  Section 105(f)(1)(B)(ix) of the Compact of Free
Association Amendments Act of 2003 (48 U.S.C. 1921d(f)(1)(B)(ix)) shall
be applied by substituting the date specified in section 106(3) of this
joint resolution for ``the end of fiscal year 2007''.
Sec. 135. (a) Activities authorized by chapters 2, 3, 5, and 6 of
title II of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2271 et seq.) shall
continue through the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint resolution,
except section 106, there is appropriated to carry out chapter 6
of title II of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2401 et seq.)
$5,000,000.
Sec. 136. (a) Appropriation for CHIP Program.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this
joint resolution, there is hereby appropriated, out of any money
in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated for fiscal year 2008,
$5,000,000,000 for purposes of providing allotments to States,
the District of Columbia, and commonwealths and territories
under section 2104 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1397dd), and, in addition, $40,000,000 for the purpose of
providing additional allotments under subsection (c)(4)(A) of
such section.
(2) Availability.--Funds made available from any allotment
under subsection (b) shall not be available for obligation for
child health assistance for items and services furnished after
the termination date specified in section 106(3) of this joint
resolution, or, if earlier, the date of the enactment of an Act
that provides funding for fiscal year 2008 and for one or more
subsequent fiscal years for the Children's Health Insurance
Program under title XXI of the Social Security Act.
(b) Allotments.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint
resolution, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall make
allotments to States, the District of Columbia, and commonwealths and
territories under section 2104 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1397dd) from the amounts appropriated under subsection (a) for the
entire fiscal year 2008.
(c) Redistribution of Unused Fiscal Year 2005 Allotments to States
With Estimated Funding Shortfalls for Fiscal Year 2008.--Section 2104 of
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397dd) is amended by adding at the
end the following new subsection:
``(i) Redistribution of Unused Fiscal Year 2005 Allotments to States
With Estimated Funding Shortfalls for Fiscal Year 2008.--
``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (f) and
subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), with respect to months
beginning during fiscal year 2008, the Secretary shall provide
for a redistribution under such subsection from the allotments
for fiscal year 2005 under subsection (b) that are not expended
by the end of fiscal year 2007, to a fiscal year 2008 shortfall
State described in paragraph (2), such amount as the Secretary
determines will eliminate the estimated shortfall described in
such paragraph for such State for the month.
``(2) Fiscal year 2008 shortfall state described.--A fiscal
year 2008 shortfall State described in this paragraph is a State
with a State child health plan approved under this title for
which the Secretary estimates, on a monthly basis using the most
recent data available to the Secretary as of such month, that
the projected expenditures under such plan for such State for
fiscal year 2008 will exceed the sum of--
``(A) the amount of the State's allotments for each
of fiscal years 2006 and 2007 that was not expended by
the end of fiscal year 2007; and
``(B) the amount of the State's allotment for fiscal
year 2008.
``(3) Funds redistributed in the order in which states
realize funding shortfalls.--The Secretary shall redistribute
the amounts available for redistribution under paragraph (1) to
fiscal year 2008 shortfall States described in paragraph (2) in
the order in which such States realize monthly funding
shortfalls under this title for fiscal year 2008. The Secretary
shall only make redistributions under this subsection to the
extent that there are unexpended fiscal year 2005 allotments
under subsection (b) available for such redistributions.
``(4) Proration rule.--If the amounts available for
redistribution under paragraph (1) are less than the total
amounts of the estimated shortfalls determined for the month
under that paragraph, the amount computed under such paragraph
for each fiscal year 2008 shortfall State for the month shall be
reduced proportionally.
``(5) Retrospective adjustment.--
The <<NOTE: Deadline.>> Secretary may adjust the estimates and
determinations made to carry out this subsection as necessary on
the basis of the amounts reported by States not later than
November 30, 2007, on CMS Form 64 or CMS Form 21, as the case
may be, and as approved by the Secretary.
``(6) 1-Year availability; no further redistribution.--
Notwithstanding subsections (e) and (f), amounts redistributed
to a State pursuant to this subsection for fiscal year 2008
shall only remain available for expenditure by the State through
September 30, 2008, and any amounts of such redistributions that
remain unexpended as of such date, shall not be subject to
redistribution under subsection (f).''.
(d) Extending Authority for Qualifying States to Use Certain Funds
for Medicaid Expenditures.--Section 2105(g)(1)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C.
1397ee) is amended by striking ``or 2007'' and inserting ``2007, or
(e) <<NOTE: 42 USC 1397dd note.>> Applicability.--The amendments
made by subsections (c) and (d) shall be in effect through the date
specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution or, if earlier, the
date of the enactment of an Act that provides funding for fiscal year
2008 and for one or more subsequent fiscal years for the Children's
Health Insurance Program under title XXI of the Social Security Act.
Sec. 137.  <<NOTE: Susan Thomas. Karen L. Gillmor.>> Notwithstanding
any other provision of this joint resolution, there is appropriated for
payment to Susan Thomas, widow of Craig Thomas, late a Senator from the
State of Wyoming, $165,200, and for payment to Karen L. Gillmor, widow
of Paul E. Gillmor, late a Representative from the State of Ohio,
Sec. 138.  The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall carry out
subparagraph (B) of section 1710(f)(2) of title 38, United States Code,
and subparagraph (E) of section 1729(a)(2) of such title by substituting
the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution for the
date specified in each such subparagraph.
Sec. 139.  Notwithstanding section 101, amounts are provided for
``Department of Defense Base Closure Account 2005'' at a rate for
operations of $5,626,223,000.
resolution, except section 106, the Department of Veterans Affairs may
expend funds for programs and activities under the heading ``Information
Technology Systems'' for pay and associated cost for operations and
maintenance associated staff.
resolution, except section 106, in addition to the amount made available
for fiscal year 2008 to carry out section 3674 of title 38, United
States Code, there is appropriated to carry out that section an
additional amount equal to $6,000,000 multiplied by the ratio of the
number of days covered by this joint resolution to 366.
Sec. 142.  Notwithstanding section 235(a)(2) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2195(a)(2)), the authority of
subsections (a) through (c) of section 234 of such Act shall remain in
effect through the date specified in section 106(3) of this joint
``Department of State--Administration of Foreign Affairs--Diplomatic and
Consular Programs'' at a rate for operations of $4,435,013,000, of which
not less than $778,449,000 shall be for worldwide security upgrades.
Sec. 144.  The provisions of title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11311 et seq.) shall continue in effect,
notwithstanding section 209 of such Act, through the earlier of: (1) the
date specified in section 106(3) of this joint resolution; or (2) the
date of enactment of an authorization Act relating to the McKinney-Vento
Homeless Assistance Act.
Sec. 145.  Funds made available under section 101 for the National
Transportation Safety Board shall include amounts necessary to make
lease payments due in fiscal year 2008 only, on an obligation incurred
in 2001 under a capital lease.
Sec. 146.  Notwithstanding the limitation in the first sentence of
section 255(g) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715z-20(g)), the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may, until the date specified
in section 106(3) of this joint resolution, insure and may enter into
commitments to insure mortgages under section 255 of the National
Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715z-20(g)).
Sec. 147.  Section 24(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937
(42 U.S.C. 1437v(o)) shall be applied by substituting the date specified
in section 106(3) of this joint resolution for ``September 30, 2007''.
Sec. 148. (a) Section 48103(4) of title 49, United States Code,
shall be applied: (1) by substituting the amount specified in such
section with an amount that equals $3,675,000,000 multiplied by the
ratio of the number of days covered by this joint resolution to 366; and
(2) by substituting the fiscal year specified in such section with the
period beginning October 1, 2007, through the date specified in section
(b) Section 47104(c) of title 49, United States Code, shall be
applied by substituting ``2008'' for ``2007''.
(c) Nothing in this section shall affect the availability of any
balances of contract authority provided under section 48103 of title 49,
United States Code, for fiscal year 2007 and any prior fiscal year.
Sec. 149. (a) Sections 4081(d)(2)(B), 4261(j)(1)(A)(ii),
4271(d)(1)(A)(ii), 9502(d)(1), and 9502(f)(2) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 shall each be applied by substituting the date specified in
section 106(3) of this joint resolution for ``September 30, 2007'' or
``October 1, 2007'', as the case may be.
(b) Subparagraph (A) of section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 <<NOTE: 26 USC 9502.>> is amended by inserting ``or any
making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2008'' before the
semicolon at the end.
Sec. 150. <<NOTE: David H. Petraeus.>> (a) Congress makes the
following findings:
(1) General David H. Petraeus was confirmed by a unanimous
vote of 81-0 in the Senate on January 26, 2007, to be the
Commander of the Multi-National Forces--Iraq.
(2) General David H. Petraeus assumed command of the Multi-
National Forces--Iraq on February 10, 2007.
(3) General David H. Petraeus previously served in Operation
Iraqi Freedom as the Commander of the Multi-National Security
Transition Command--Iraq, as the Commander of the NATO Training
Mission--Iraq, and as Commander of the 101st Airborne Division
(Air Assault) during the first year of combat operations in
Iraq.
(4) General David H. Petraeus has received numerous awards
and distinctions during his career, including the Defense
Distinguished Service Medal, two awards of the Distinguished
Service Medal, two awards of the Defense Superior Service Medal,
four awards of the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal for
valor, the State Department Superior Honor Award, the NATO
Meritorious Service Medal, and the Gold Award of the Iraqi Order
of the Date Palm.
(5) The leadership of the majority party in both the House
of Representatives and the Senate implored the American people
and Members of Congress early in January 2007 to listen to the
generals on the ground.
(b) It is the sense of the Congress that the House of
Representatives--
(1) recognizes the service of General David H. Petraeus, as
well as all other members of the Armed Forces serving in good
standing, in the defense of the United States and the personal
sacrifices made by General Petraeus and his family, and other
members of the Armed Forces and their families, to serve with
distinction and honor;
(2) commits to judge the merits of the sworn testimony of
General David H. Petraeus without prejudice or personal bias,
including refraining from unwarranted personal attacks;
(3) <<NOTE: MoveOn.org.>> condemns in the strongest possible
terms the personal attacks made by the advocacy group MoveOn.org
impugning the integrity and professionalism of General David H.
Petraeus;
(4) honors all members of the Armed Forces and civilian
personnel serving in harm's way, as well as their families; and
(5) pledges to debate any supplemental funding request or
any policy decisions regarding the war in Iraq with the solemn
respect and the commitment to intellectual integrity
that the sacrifices of these members of the Armed Forces and
civilian personnel deserve.
Approved September 29, 2007.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--H.J. Res. 52:
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 153 (2007):
Sept. 26, considered and passed House.
Sept. 27, considered and passed Senate.
<all>


text:
Вейт-Парк () — місто () в США, в окрузі Стернс штату Міннесота. Населення —  осіб (2010).

Географія
Вейт-Парк розташований за координатами  (45.519841, -94.243341).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році місто мало площу 23,17 км², з яких 23,06 км² — суходіл та 0,11 км² — водойми. В 2017 році площа становила 25,41 км², з яких 25,30 км² — суходіл та 0,11 км² — водойми.

Демографія

Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у місті мешкало  осіб у  домогосподарствах у складі  родин. Густота населення становила 290 осіб/км².  Було 3424 помешкання (148/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 2,9 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 4,5 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 19,8 % — особи молодші 18 років, 62,8 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 17,4 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 32,6 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у місті припадало 90,9 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 87,7 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  доларів США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  доларів (медіана — ). Медіана доходів становила  долар для чоловіків та  долари для жінок. За межею бідності перебувало 20,9 % осіб, у тому числі 29,9 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 7,5 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило  осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 22,1 %, роздрібна торгівля — 19,9 %, виробництво — 14,5 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Посилання
 Офіційний web-сайт міста

Міста Міннесоти
Населені пункти округу Стернс (Міннесота)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Given how merchandise driven the "Star Wars" franchise is, it would be easy to write off Disney's animated series "Star Wars Rebels" as yet another vehicle to sell more "Star Wars" merchandise and call it a day.
Available on DVD and Blu-Ray September 1, the first season of Disney's animated series "Star Wars Rebels" is yet another vehicle to sell more "Star Wars" merchandise. But among the new characters, settings, and new vehicles that conveniently make for fun toys, "Star Wars Rebels" features some interesting characters and science fiction storytelling that fits well for the "Star Wars" mythology.
Somewhere between "Star Wars Episode III" and Star Wars Episode IV," "Star Wars Rebels" follows the adventures of several rebels consisting of a con artist, a Jedi veteran, a graffiti artist, a Wookie expy, and a callback to "The Clone Wars" animated series. Affected by the Galactic Empire, they band together aboard a ship to disrupt Empire activity on their local planet while developing some of the origins of the groups who will inevitably form the Rebel Alliance.
Despite it being a Disney project, "Star Wars Rebels" features an entertaining mix of action and character development to keep the series interesting beyond kiddy charm. The animation feels more evolved compared to its "Clone Wars" predecessor. Basing itself on predetermined "Star Wars" canon helps as fans will know what will eventually come about while enjoying the references and development during that journey. Several iconic "Star Wars" characters in their younger days help kick up the nostalgia factor.
Disney packed several bonus features into the first season of "Star Wars Rebels." The DVD includes 14 behind the scenes featurettes, a 22-minute recap of the first season in case viewers don't want to watch the approximately 330 minutes of "Star Wars Rebels," and a look into the second season. The Blu-Ray includes the DVD bonus in addition to exclusive looks at the panels of "Star Wars Rebels" during Star Wars Celebration in Anaheim, California as well as four Season One shorts.
"Star Wars Rebels" Season Two is scheduled to air this fall on Disney XD.


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Home » Health » Anatomy and physiology
Telomeres - What Are They For?
Human aging is a complex process that science is still trying to understand. The length of the telomeres is one of its indicators as they're the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome.
What Is the Egestion Process?
What Happens in the Body During Menopause?
Telomeres are the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome and one of the most fascinating topics of current science. We believe they contain the answers about complex and enigmatic processes such as aging, cancer, and death.
In the 1930s Hermann Joseph Muller, in the company of Barbara McClintock, discovered telomeres. In fact, it earned them a Nobel Prize. Then, in 2009, researchers Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak received another Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine due to their research on the same subject.
Some scientists previously believed that cells could divide infinitely. But then, others found that the cells can only divide a certain number of times and then die. The length of the telomeres determines how soon the cells will die.
What are telomeres?
As we mentioned above, telomeres are the ends of chromosomes. The word comes from a Greek root that literally means "end part." It's kind of like the plastic part located at the end of your shoelaces.
Telomeres are the protective shields of the DNA of human cells. Thus, thanks to them, the chromosomes can keep a stable structure, to a large extent. This stability then allows cells to divide normally.
The ends of the chromosomes play an important role in many functions. For example, the cells don't stick to each other thanks to them, and this is very important for life itself. Among other characteristics, telomeres also allow us to establish the aging rate of an organism.
Telomeres are part of chromosomes.
Read on: The Symptoms and Treatments of Fragile X Syndrome
Understanding telomeres
The cells constantly divide to regenerate the tissues and organs of our body. Each of these divisions reduces the telomeres a little and they gradually become shorter. There's a point where they are so small they can no longer fulfill their function of protecting DNA.
They get to that point because the cells reached old age and stopped dividing. The length of telomeres is measured with a unit called kilobase. They have an average length of 11 kilobases at birth and the figure reduces to about 4 in old age.
The shortening of telomeres, and therefore their inability to protect DNA, seems to be the cause of aging and the appearance of age-related diseases including:
Cardiovascular problems
Find out more: Epigenetics – what it is and what its implications are
Telomerase and youth
It's inevitable for telomeres to shorten with each new cell division. However, an enzyme called telomerase moderates this process. Thus, it's capable of regenerating, to some extent, the length of these chromosome components.
Stem cells are a sort of telomerase guardians. However, the production of this regenerating enzyme decreases with age and increases the rate of cell deterioration. In theory, if telomerase production never stopped, we would be eternally young.
There's only one problem though. Cancer cells have very long telomeres and produce a large amount of telomerase. Also, these don't age and divide profusely. The conclusion, then, is that low production of telomerase ages you, but a high production increases your risk of cancer.
So, in this regard, one of the problems of science is maintaining the generation of telomerase without it causing cancer. Thus, they conducted experiments with mice that provided encouraging results. Let's not rule out the possibility that they'll be able to achieve their objective of manipulating telomerase any way they want in the near future.
The influence of habits
Various studies proved that certain habits shorten telomeres. As you can guess, the most harmful ones are:
Excessive consumption of sugary drinks
Lack of adequate rest
Likewise, they detected that chronic stress shortens telomeres and that cortisol, the stress hormone, reduces its production. The data about food is inconclusive, but there's a relationship between longer telomeres and the consumption of vegetables, fruits, Omega 3, and coffee.
Researchers also observed that babies fed exclusively with breast milk during the first 4 to 6 weeks of life have longer telomeres at the age of 4. Similarly, shorter telomeres seem to be associated with clinical depression.
The Genetic Origin of Sex: the X and Y Sex Chromosomes
Sex hormones are responsible for giving a person the physical characteristics of their genetic sex and the way they work differs depending on each person's sex chromosomes. Read more »
Hernández Fernández, R. A. (1999). Telómeros y telomerasas. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, 18(2), 121-129.
In general terms, the egestion process is the physiological process by which the body eliminates undigested food. This elimination takes place in the form of feces and constitutes the final…
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Description and Characteristics of Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is defined as the progressive loss of passive mobility in the shoulder. This…
What Are Antigens and Antibodies?
Antigens and antibodies are part of the immune system. They defend it, in the case of the antibodies, or attack…
The Different Types of Nose Shapes: What's Yours?
From an aesthetic standpoint, the center of the face is very important for the harmonization of facial features. This is…


The go-fast gurus at Ferrari are working on a successor to the jaw-dropping Enzo that could be the lightest, quickest two-seater ever to roll out of Maranello.
We told you months ago the Scuderia's next supercar would be based on the Millechili concept that embraces the "less is more" ethos. Ferrari sees lighter cars as the best way to reach its goal of increasing fuel economy 40 percent and reducing emissions 25 percent without compromising its reputation for performance. The Millechili is a guidepost to that greener future.
The future arrives in two years in a 600-horsepower car that weighs 2,200 pounds.
According to Car and Driver, Ferrari will introduce the as-yet-unnamed supercar in 2010. *C&D *says it won't be called the Millechili – but it will look a lot like the styling concept (pictured) Ferrari showed off last year.
The car will have an aluminum space frame similar to the F430 Scuderia but stretched to a wheelbase of 104.3 inches and fitted with a V10 engine. That's a break from Ferrari's tradition of putting V8s or V12s in its road cars, but Ferrari won five consecutive Formula 1 championships with its V10s, so the engine undoubtedly will be a corker.
The only thing sweeter than the car's engine is its weight. Millechili is Italian for 1,000 kilos, and that's just what the car will weigh. Not only is that 660 pounds lighter than the Enzo, it's 200 pounds lighter than a Mazda MX-5 Miata and only 216 pounds heavier than the Lotus Elise. The Enzo accelerated from 0 to 62 mph (100 kph) in 3.65 seconds and had a claimed top speed of 225 mph, so it's safe to say the Millechili will be very quick. It'll certainly have one of the best power-to-weight ratios of any car on the road, coming in behind the Caparo T1 and SSC Ultimate Aero but ahead of the Saleen S7 and Bugatti Veyron. Active suspension will adjust the ride height for maximum aerodynamic efficiency and handling.
That kind of performance doesn't come cheap. If you want one of the 300 or so cars Maranello plans to build, be ready to lay out half a million dollars.


text:
Keryx Biopharmaceuticals Announces Publication of Data from the Phase 3 Trial of Auryxia® (ferric citrate) for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Not on Dialysis, in the American Journal of Hematology
BOSTON, April 04, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:KERX), a biopharmaceutical company focused on bringing innovative medicines to people with kidney disease, today announced the publication of a post-hoc analysis of Auryxia phase 3 trial data for iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), not on dialysis, in the online issue of the American Journal of Hematology.
The article, entitled "Hemoglobin Response to Ferric Citrate in Patients with Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease and Iron Deficiency Anemia," describes associations of baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory variables with change in hemoglobin in ferric citrate-treated patients. In the phase 3 study, 234 patients were randomized to receive ferric citrate (n=117) or placebo (n=117). The full results of the phase 3 study were published in January 2017 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.1 This post-hoc analysis assessed the intent-to-treat population (ferric citrate, n=117; placebo, n=115). Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. Results of this multivariable regression analysis show the following variables were associated with greater hemoglobin increases from baseline at 16 weeks: ferric citrate treatment (p<.0001), lower baseline hemoglobin (p=.0160), higher serum albumin (p=.0007), lower intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) (p=.0024), and lower transferrin saturation (TSAT) (p=.0189). Treatment interactions were observed for TSAT and ferritin only.
"While patients with lower baseline measures of TSAT/ferritin values experienced a greater hemoglobin increase than those with higher baseline measures of iron storage, hemoglobin increases were also clinically significant among those with higher baseline TSAT/ferritin values, indicating that Auryxia is efficacious over a wide range of patients with CKD, not on dialysis," said John Neylan, M.D., chief medical officer of Keryx Biopharmaceuticals. "These findings support the current KDIGO treatment guidelines that recommend a trial of oral iron in patients with iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease."
About Iron Deficiency Anemia in People with Chronic Kidney Disease, not on Dialysis
One out of every seven adults in the U.S. has chronic kidney disease. This disease carries a significant burden with complex issues requiring many different medications. More than half of the 30 million people in the United States living with CKD are estimated to be iron deficient2 and a common complication of CKD is iron deficiency anemia. Iron is an essential mineral for the human body and is typically obtained from the diet. It is a critical component of human blood as it is necessary to make healthy red blood cells. People with chronic kidney disease often have anemia as a result of insufficient iron (called iron deficiency anemia) and don't produce enough hemoglobin, the component of the red blood cell that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron deficiency anemia can negatively impact a patient's quality of life and is associated with cardiovascular complications and increased mortality risk.3 The prevalence and severity of iron deficiency anemia increases as kidney disease progresses.4
Auryxia (ferric citrate) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on September 5, 2014 for the control of serum phosphorus levels in adult patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and approved by the FDA on November 6, 2017 for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis. Auryxia tablets were designed to contain 210 mg of ferric iron, equivalent to 1 gram of ferric citrate, and offers convenient mealtime dosing. The starting dose of Auryxia for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia for patients on dialysis is six tablets per day (two per meal) and for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients not on dialysis is three tablets per day (one per meal). For more information about Auryxia and the U.S. full prescribing information, please visit www.Auryxia.com.
AURYXIA® (ferric citrate) is contraindicated in patients with iron overload syndromes, e.g., hemochromatosis.
Iron Overload: Increases in serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were observed in clinical trials with AURYXIA in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis treated for hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to excessive elevations in iron stores. Assess iron parameters prior to initiating AURYXIA and monitor while on therapy. Patients receiving concomitant intravenous (IV) iron may require a reduction in dose or discontinuation of IV iron therapy.
Risk of Overdosage in Children Due to Accidental Ingestion: Accidental ingestion and resulting overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6 years of age. Advise patients of the risks to children and to keep AURYXIA out of the reach of children.
Most common adverse reactions with AURYXIA were:
Hyperphosphatemia in CKD on Dialysis: Diarrhea (21%), discolored feces (19%), nausea (11%), constipation (8%), vomiting (7%) and cough (6%)
Iron Deficiency Anemia in CKD Not on Dialysis: Discolored feces (22%), diarrhea (21%), constipation (18%), nausea (10%), abdominal pain (5%) and hyperkalemia (5%)
Pregnancy and Lactation: There are no available data on AURYXIA use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. However, an overdose of iron in pregnant women may carry a risk for spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes and fetal malformation. Data from rat studies have shown the transfer of iron into milk, hence, there is a possibility of infant exposure when AURYXIA is administered to a nursing woman.
To report suspected adverse reactions, contact Keryx Biopharmaceuticals at 1-844-445-3799.
Please click here to view the Full Prescribing Information for Auryxia.
Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, is focused on the development and commercialization of innovative medicines that provide unique and meaningful advantages to people with kidney disease. The Keryx team consists of approximately 200 committed people working with passion to advance the care of people with this complex disease. This dedication has resulted in two FDA-approved indications for Keryx's first medicine, Auryxia® (ferric citrate) tablets. For more information about Keryx, please visit www.keryx.com.
Some of the statements included in this press release, particularly those regarding the post-hoc analysis and the effectiveness of Auryxia, may be forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Among the factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially are the following: the benefit seen by patients using Auryxia outside of the clinical setting; as well as our ability to successfully market Auryxia and whether we can increase adoption of Auryxia in patients with CKD on dialysis and successfully launch Auryxia for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, not on dialysis; whether we can maintain our operating expenses to projected levels while continuing our current clinical, regulatory and commercial activities; our ability to continue to supply Auryxia to the market; the risk that increased utilization by Medicare Part D subscribers will increase our gross-to-net adjustment greater than we anticipate; and other risk factors identified from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements set forth in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release. We do not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date hereof. This press release and prior releases are available at http://www.keryx.com. The information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this press release and is included for reference purposes only.
1 Fishbane S, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrology 2017 Jun:28(6):1851-1858;
2 Fishbane S, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrology 2009;4:57-61
3 Lefebvre P, et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22:1929-1937; Drueke TB, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:2071-2084; Herzog CA, et al. J Card Fail. 2004;10:467-472; Kovesdy CP, et al. Kidney Int. 2006;69:560-546; Silverberg DS, et al. Blood Purif. 2003;21:124-130
4 Stauffer ME, et al. PLoS One. 2014;9:e84943
KERYX BIOPHARMACEUTICALS CONTACTAmy SullivanSenior Vice President, Corporate Affairs


In the mathematical context, a "tiling" is a set of shapes that are repeated indefinitely until they cover the entire plane (or other surfaces) and overlap only at single points (vertices) or 1 dimensional curves (edges). An element of the set of shapes used to construct the tiling is called a prototile. As simple examples, consider a rectangular grid where the prototile is a square or an infinite honeycomb where the prototile is a hexagon.
An edge-to-edge tiling is a tiling where edges overlap only with other edges and vertices only with other vertices.
A polygon is a shape bounded by straight edges. In a regular polygon, the edges all have the same length. The edges intersect at corner points (vertices) and the angle between the two edges at each vertex is the same.
A plane figure is said to be regular if it has all its sides and all its outward-facing angles equal to one another.
In Book I, Section II, Kepler points out that if edge self-intersection is allowed, regular polygons also include star polygons. I'll be excluding star polygons in the discussion on this site for now (but they are something I may examine in the future).
Given a fixed edge length and orientation, a regular polygon can be determined uniquely by the number of its sides (n >= 3). The simplest regular polygon is the equilateral triangle. It is easy to show that the edge angle (sometimes called the "interior angle") of an n-sided regular polygon is (n-2)π/n radians. (I will use radians on this site but if you prefer degrees, replace π everywhere by 180°).
Except for the square, these terms are also used for irregular polygons with n sides. Unless otherwise stated, I will use these terms on this site to refer to regular polygons only. If there is any ambiguity I will prefix "regular" to the name. The regular triangle is usually called an "equilateral triangle" although Kepler and some recent authors use the shorter "trigon" term instead.
An infinite number of mathematically distinct edge-to-edge tilings of the plane using regular polygons as prototiles is possible. Nevertheless it has been noticed for many centuries that these tilings share a number of properties.
For example, none of them contain a pentagon.


Chad Latham was one of 95 federal inmates whose sentences were commuted by President Barack Obama last December. Most of the offenders were serving time for non-violent drug convictions, like Latham.
SEATTLE, Wash. -- Chad Latham thought he was in trouble when a corrections officer told him he was needed on the phone. But it turned out to be the best news he had heard in a decade: Latham was getting out of prison early.
Latham was one of 95 federal inmates whose sentences were commuted by President Barack Obama last December. Most of the offenders were serving time for non-violent drug convictions, like Latham.
Drug Enforcement Administration agents arrested Latham in 2006 after finding what was described as a "sophisticated" marijuana growing operation in a Pierce County garage. Latham was accused of growing more than 2,000 pot plants by using Ferris wheel style rotating shelves.
"For what I did I potentially could have gotten a life sentence," said Latham.
He was released in December and has enjoyed spending time in the outdoors with his son, Devin. His son was eleven when Latham went to prison.
The President's actions took about two years off Latham's sentence.
He appreciates what President Obama did and said he has no plans on going back to prison.
"I certainly feel the weight of the political situation and wanting to do right by the President's decision," said Latham.
He hopes to be a website designer when he finishes taking classes at Galvanize Seattle. Latham said the six-month, five days a week program is hard work, but compared to where he used to be, he's not complaining.
"I'm here because I want to be here," said Latham.


The speed of the solar-powered barrier isn't allowing it to hold on to the plastic it catches.
LOS ANGELES—A floating device deployed three months ago to corral a swirling island of trash between California and Hawaii has not swept up any plastic waste—but the young innovator behind the project said Monday that a fix was in the works.
Boyan Slat, 24, who launched the Pacific Ocean cleanup project, said the speed of the solar-powered barrier isn't allowing it to hold on to the plastic it catches.
"Sometimes the system actually moves slightly slower than the plastic, which of course you don't want because then you have a chance of losing the plastic again," Slat said in an interview with The Associated Press.
A crew of engineers will reach the U-shaped boom Tuesday and will work for the next few weeks to widen its span so that it catches more wind and waves to help it go faster, he said.
A ship towed the 2,000-foot-long (600-meter-long) barrier in September from San Francisco to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch—an island of trash twice the size of Texas.
Slat said he is not deterred by the setback because engineers expected to make tweaks to the system.
"What we're trying to do has never been done before. So, of course we were expecting to still need to fix a few things before it becomes fully operational," he said of the system created by the Ocean Cleanup, an organization he founded.
Fitted with solar-powered lights, cameras, sensors and satellite antennas, the device intends to communicate its position at all times, allowing a support vessel to fish out the collected plastic every few months and transport it to dry land for recycling.
Slat said he expects shipping containers filled with fishing nets, plastic bottles, laundry baskets and other plastic trash scooped up by the system to be back on land within a year.
"We've given ourselves a year after launch to get this thing working," he said.
Among those skeptical of the Ocean Cleanup is George Leonard, chief scientist of the Ocean Conservancy, a non-profit environmental advocacy group. Leonard says that even if plastic trash can be taken out of the ocean, a lot more is pouring in each year.
Leonard said a solution must include a multipronged approach, including stopping plastic from reaching the ocean and educating people to reduce consumption of single-use plastic containers and bottles.
Slat agreed that preventing more plastic from entering the ocean is part of the solution but said something needs to be done about what's already there.
"This plastic doesn't go away by itself, and to just let hundreds of thousands of tons of plastic be out there to be fragmented into these small and dangerous microplastics to me seems like an unacceptable scenario," he said.


text:
Q: show sale error datatime ruby on rails Tengo un campo datetime y el guarda normal pero renderiza al show me sale este error
Este es el error: .to_s("%d-%m-%Y")

show.html.erb
    <%= @snack.fecha_entrega.to_s("%d-%m-%Y")%>

form

   <%= label_tag :fecha_entrega, '4.Fecha  y hora de Entrega' %>

    <%= f.text_field :fecha_entrega, class: 'form-control deshabilitar ' %>

** otro diferente**
 <%= @snack.fecha_entrega.strftime("%d-%m-%Y")%>

A: Tu fecha de entrega viene nula. Deberías poner:
<%= @snack.fecha_entrega.strftime("%d-%m-%Y") if @snack.fecha_entrega %>

o también te serviría
<%= @snack.fecha_entrega.try(:strftime, "%d-%m-%Y") %>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Its inaugural annual report on education spending found that while funding for early years has gone from almost nil to £3bn since the early 1990s, and spending per student in higher education has risen by nearly 60 per cent since 1997, there has been an "almost complete lack of growth in spending on further education."
The number of adult learners almost halved between 2004 and 2016, from four million to 2.2 million.
The Association of Colleges says the impact of the cuts has included fewer hours of teaching and support for young people, a drastic reduction in the number of learning opportunities for adults, and the value of staff pay falling by over 25% since 2009 - with college teachers earning £7,000 less on average than school teachers.
Chris Todd, Principal and Chief Executive at Derwentside College, added: "It is simply wrong that the Government continues to expect colleges to deliver high quality education and training within the current funding envelope.
"Colleges have done everything they can over the last ten years to absorb these continued cuts in funding but there is only so much you can trim and still deliver a quality service to students.


Douglas County prosecutors confirmed Friday morning that Eudora police have arrested three people in connection with the recent vandalism that damaged the new Eudora District Stadium.
District Attorney Charles Branson said one adult suspect, an 18-year-old Eudora man, posted bond and was released from jail Thursday night and two other juvenile suspects were arrested and later released from custody.
"We are awaiting additional information from the Eudora Police Department before charges are filed," Branson said.
Eudora police said earlier this week they were investigating vandalism at the stadium that opened last fall on the Eudora High School campus, 2203 Church St. Voters approved a 2007 bond issue to fund the near $2 million stadium.
Police and school officials said suspects late last week spray-painted the Cardinal mascot head on the new field's artificial surface and a portion of the track, causing at least $25,000 in damage.
According to Douglas County Jail records, an 18-year-old Eudora man was arrested at the Eudora police department on suspicion of criminal damage to property greater than $25,000. He posted $2,500 bond through a bondsman and was given notice to appear in court July 28. Prosecutors could file formal charges before then.
The Journal-World generally does not name suspects unless they are formally charged.
Eudora police Friday morning said supervisors authorized to speak about the investigation would not be available Friday, and Kristin Magette, a Eudora schools spokeswoman, said the district and police department were planning a joint news release for Monday.
Once the damage was reported last week, Eudora school district closed the stadium, pending repairs and additional security measures.
Magette said Superintendent Don Grosdidier told school board members Thursday evening that the district has received a preliminary estimate of $130,000 from a contractor for the repairs to the turf and track. The estimate included a full resealing of the track — not just the portion that was damaged — for appearance of uniformity, she said.
She said the district does have insurance so likely not all costs would be an out-of-pocket expense. District officials have said they expect to seek damages from anyone prosecuted for the vandalism.
Grosdidier also told board members Thursday the district planned to use the stadium this fall for football and soccer games, even if that means coming up with a short-term solution, Magette said.


The east coast of Rügen with its white beaches and old pine forests underwent change during the 30's of the last century. The NS community "Strength through Joy" constructed a 4.7 km long building strip, consisting of 8 blocks each with a length of 500m; The "KdF Sea Bath Rügen".
"Strength through Joy" was a sub organization of the "German Labor Front" whose main objective was the extensive organization of leisure time for the Germans, especially the layout of holidays.
The leader of the "German Labor Front", Robert Ley, has consistently stated that Hitler himself has had the idea of building five "KdF Sea Baths". However, it is only in Prora where this has been realized. In the beginning of 1936 a competition was held in which 11 architects participated. There were clear building regulations: all rooms must point towards the sea. A festival hall is meant to hold up to 20,000 people. Hitler himself supposedly chose the design by the Cologne architect, Clemens Klotz. The central festival hall is meant to be constructed according to the plans of Erich zu Putlitz.
The laying of the foundation stone took place on the 2nd of May 1936, the third anniversary of the "Storming of the Unions" in which the trade unions were destroyed. It was a mass spectacle that was broadcasted via radio. The Navy and Air Force participated. Robert Ley held the main speech.
The laborers began their construction of the foundation during April 1938. In the summer of 1939, the so called accommodation houses that are parallel to the beach and the skeletal construction in the centre were completed. Construction was halted with the beginning of the war in 1939, seeing as the construction companies were needed in building facilities necessary for the war.
1940 to 1942 six police bataillons received military training, prior to being sent to the Eastern Front. From 1942 till the end of the war, young men and women were trained as Intelligence Assistants of the Navy and were stationed at a sick bay. This usage of the compound was already planned and anticipated during the architectural competition.
By the end of the war, Prora was used as a refugee camp. At the end of 1945, Soviet troops made use of the accommodation facility. After this, Prora was used by the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic. Until 1991 the compound of the former "KdF Sea Bath" would remain a restricted military zone. The "NVA" would hand it over to the Federal Defense Force, which it would in turn evacuate by the end of 1991.
After the Bundeswehr would leave the property in 1991, the compound would become property the Federal Republic of Germany. Ever since its evacuation, the revenue authorities have tried to market Prora in a commercial manner.
The central and most preserved section (Blocks 1,2,3 and 4) in which the Documentation Centre Prora is situated (Block 3, sidewing) was sold to private investors in 2004, who install hotels, holiday homes, wellness centers and sport facilities. Construction started in 2012, 2014 the first people moved into their apartments.
Block 5 belongs to the county of Rügen. A youth hostel was opened in 2011 next to the already existing campgrounds for young people.


This solid leather cuff is handmade from a single piece of thick, quality 8 to 9 ounce Italian cowhide. The cuff is watch-capable, meaning you can mount a watch on one of the two bands, or just use it as a cuff bracelet. This cuff features a Norse Mjölnir design, a depiction of Thor's Hammer.


South Korea's Hyundai Motor reported a better-than-expected 24 per cent jump in net profit for the January-to-March quarter, as improved business at home and the United States helped offset weaker sales in China.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un arrived in Russia by train on Wednesday, a day before his much-anticipated summit with President Vladimir Putin that comes amid deadlocked diplomacy on his nuclear program.
US President Donald Trump has decided not to reissue waivers in May to Iran's oil buyers, the White House said in a statement on Monday. The United States, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates "have agreed to take timely action to assure that global demand is met as all Iranian oil is removed from the market," the White House said.


Share X CRAZED MANIACS's EPK!
X Crazed Maniacs released their self titled CD in July 2009. Their second CD One Step Up is to be released in the latter half of 2010.
X Crazed Maniacs is a fun, high-energy classic rock band, from Cincinnati, OH. They play all types of music from the 60's to today - as well as their own original songs. They are a four piece band that not only rocks the house but keeps the dance floor hopping!


As summer is approaching and I want to swim in whatever can be defined a pond with some water in it, I thought about Jill Greenberg's "Glass Ceiling" images. Back in 2008, Greenberg was commissioned a commercial fort the US Olympic Synchronized Swim Team. The shoot asked the ladies to wear high heels. Struck by the absurdity of it, Greenberg was inspired to create a fine art set that would show the tension of the models coming to the surface, gasping for air while wrestling with the weight of the water as a metaphor for the role women must play in the outside world. Those portraits of pure feminist art also pushed the boundaries of Greenberg's digital knowledge. Absurd and suggestive images. Greenberg is one of the earliest users of Photoshop and master of technology in all of her work. Her portraits are often metaphorical, showing what the setup of being a woman is. Her photographs show women in swimsuits and high heels but the water destabilize their elegance and cut off their head. The heels are absurd, hindering their movement and emphasizing their lack of control. Their identities are thus inconsequential, only their bodies are sexualized and in focus thus depicting a sort of the male psyche.While Greenberg is known for her incredible portraiture that includes crying babies, celebrities or even cuddly bears, she's equally adept at taking her camera off land and under water. A definitely thought-provoking photographer.


Data do not support the claim that "marriage is just a piece of paper." The paperless alternative – cohabitation - is measurably less stable, both for the adults who choose it and for their children, who don't have the luxury of choice.
Across the globe, cohabitation is on the rise, with more and more children being born into families headed by a cohabiting couple. What does this mean for family stability in countries around the world—including the United States and Europe, where cohabitation is common? The 2017 World Family Map, the latest in a series of annual reports released by the Social Trends Institute and the Institute for Family Studies, answers this question.
Children born to cohabiting couples in Europe and the United States experience higher levels of family instability in the first 12 years of their lives than children born to married couples.
National-level data show that the growth of cohabitation is associated with increases in family instability in countries around the world.
Cohabitation is typically not more stable for children than marriage in countries where cohabiting families are more common.
For instance, in Italy, virtually no children see their parents break up before age 12 if their parents were married at birth. But more than 10 percent of children born to cohabiting parents see their parents break up by the time they turn 12.
Stability was chosen for study because it matters to individual children's lives, and it matters to society. Family instability – a changing panorama of adults involved in the care of children, is associated with numerous negative outcomes for children across cultures and socioeconomic levels.
Scholars from the Brookings Institution, Johns Hopkins University, Georgetown University, and the University of Virginia discussed the report at a conference titled, "Family Instability around the Globe" at Roma Tre University before an audience of students and academics. While they focused primarily on the report's central essay, "The Cohabitation-Go-Round: Cohabitation and Family Instability across the Globe," the report's most recent global data were also presented.
This section of the report presents graphics on data on living arrangements; marriage and cohabitation; fertility rates; births outside marriage; absolute poverty; relative poverty, undernourishment; public spending on family benefits; parental education; parental employment; family satisfaction; parental involvement; family meals; attitudes towards voluntary single-motherhood and the need for two parents; support for working mothers; and family trust, as well as commentary and conclusions.
Download the 2017 World Family Map in English. It will be soon be available for download in its Spanish translation.