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text:
Q: Translation an orthogonal transformation? Translation is when we move an object in an $n$-dimensional space, to
another point in the same space. It can be used to remove the mean of data points from a dataset. Mathematically we can define by a transformation matrix equation as follows:
If we have a dataset $\mathbf{A}$, with $m$ rows (instances), and $n$ columns (features), then we mean centre it:
$$
\mathbf{A}_{mc}= \begin{bmatrix}
\mathbf{A} & \mathbf{1}
\end{bmatrix}
\mathbf{W}_{mc}.
$$
The translation matrix is
$$
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 & \dotsb & \dotsb & 0 \\
0 & 1 & \dotsb & \dotsb & 0 \\
\vdots & \vdots  & \ddots  & \ddots & \vdots \\
\vdots & \vdots  & \ddots  & \ddots  & \vdots \\
- \mu_1 & - \mu_2 & \dotsb & \dotsb & 1 \\
\end{bmatrix}
$$
So now is it an orthogonal transformation or not ? I think, it is not an orthognoal transformation since the translation matrix is not orthogonal, but I am not sure, could some one clarify this ?

A: By definition, an orthogonal transformation of $A$ is multiplication of $A$ by an orthogonal matrix, and nothing else. You have (cleverly) included an additive term alongside $A$. That disqualifies the map from being orthogonal.
Translation is an isometry of Euclidean space (see: Euclidean group). These are precisely the maps of the form $x\mapsto Mx+b$ where $M$ is an orthogonal matrix and $b$ is any vector. Translation is a special isometry, with $M$ being the identity map.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
No Man's Sky is coming to Xbox One this summer, along with an update named NEXT
No Man's Sky NEXT
Hello Games have announced their ''largest update so far'' for No Man's Sky which is coming this summer. They have dubbed the update NEXT and it will introduce the game to Xbox One, on top of updating the existing PC and PS4 versions.
This announcement came ''out of the blue'' on the Twitter account belonging to Sean Murray, one of the founders of Hello Games. Murray claims that this ''largest update so far'' will arrive for free on PC, PS4 and Xbox One. Xbox One wasn't a supported platform so far, which means it's finally getting its own No Man's Sky.
That said, Xbox One players haven't missed out on much, considering the notoriety No Man's Sky gained after so many broken promises and straight up lies before the game's release. This was reflected in Twitter responses to this announcement, which you can check out for yourself.
Coming in Summer 2018 is No Man's Sky NEXT, a free update for PS4, PC, Xbox and WeGame. It's our largest update so far, and we're working our socks off pic.twitter.com/wZhjaLMbsT
— Sean Murray (@NoMansSky) March 29, 2018
As stated by one of the disgruntled players, No Man's Sky was crushed under its own hype train. This is evident through the Steam Charts tracker which shows the average concurrent player count in August 2016 when the game launched was 36.976 with a peak of 212.321 concurrent players.
These numbers plummeted in an extraordinary fashion as the disgruntled players committed an exodus from the game. Average concurrent players dropped by 91,9 per cent in September 2016 and there are 548 concurrent players on average in the past 30 days. The game obviously needs a large scale update but one has to wonder if it will arrive two years too late.
HelloGames No Man's Sky
One takeaway that might help get Xbox One players into the game is that it will arrive already enhanced for 4K gaming on Xbox One X with HDR support. While prettier graphics are indeed a good selling point for a game about space and planet exploration, it remains to be seen if the players will be willing to pay the full triple-A price for a game that has constantly been on the brink of death in the two years of its existence.
The Cuphead Show! animated series is coming to Netflix
EA have announced FIFA 20 partnership deal with Liverpool FC
Borderlands 3 gets a trigger-happy trailer - 'So Happy Together'
EA under fire after minors empty bank accounts on FIFA 19, NBA 19

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A tractor-trailer clipped the mirrors on an Owego-Apalachin school bus yesterday, while turning onto North Avenue from Fox Street in Owego. The incident happened at about 8:30AM. There were no injuries.
The Owego Apalachin Central School District will be hosting a career day for their middle school and high school students on Thursday, March 29th from 10:00 until 2:00 p.m. The event has been planned... Read More.
Owego Free Academy Senior Abby Driscoll has been selected to represent the USA in a worldwide softball tournament taking place in Italy this summer. She joined... Read More.
Athens School District: 2 Hour DelayBinghamton School District: Closed TodayBroome County Catholic Schools: Closed TodayBroome-Tioga BOCES: Closed TodayCandor School District: Closed TodayCanton School District: 2 Hour DelayCentral Baptist Christian Academy: Closed TodayChenango... Read More.
Four area schools were identified Thursday as high achieving and high progress schools. They have been named 'Reward' schools by Education Commissioner Mary Ellen Elia. Reward Schools are schools with high academic achievement or... Read More.
Senator Fred Akshar visited three more local schools on Wednesday to continue his "Akshar's All-Stars" student recognition program. On Wednesday, Akshar recognized students at Union Endicott High School, Greene High School and Owego Free... Read More.
The Owego boys basketball team defeated Binghamton on Friday night 58-44 for their 10th straight win. The Indians are ranked 27th in Class B and are undeafeated in STAC division play. Kobe... Read More.
The following School Districts are on a 2-Hour Delay today, Wednesday January 17th, 2018:Candor, Newark Valley, Spencer-Van Etten, Tioga Central, Waverly, Sayre, Athens, Owego-Apalachin, U-E, Vestal, Johnson City, Maine-Endwell, Binghamton, Chenango Forks, and Chenango... Read More.
The Owego Free Academy Girl's volleyball team has WON the Class B state championship in Glens Falls. Owego defeated Hudson Falls in straight sets: 27-25, 25-22, and 25-19. This is the third OFA Girls... Read More.
Owego Apalachin varsity swimming coach Jason Westervelt and his coaching staff will be offering competitive swimming instruction to all Owego Apalachin Central School District students. Enrollment is free; students must have some swimming knowledge... Read More.


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text:
1600 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA, 22314-2792
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Digital and Print Production Manager (703) 518-4218 rjohnson@nacsonline.com
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Need help now? Contact the world's largest Help Desk for the convenience and fuel retailing industry. Your answer is just around the corner. Ask NACS any question relating to industry issues, events or support for NACS Online.
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CONTRIBUTING COLUMNIST
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CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Traci Carneal, John Eichberger, Jamie Hartford, Sarah Hamaker, Al Hebert, Scott Orr, Pat Pape, Jerry Soverinsky
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MEMBERS: Leocadio De Almeida Antunes Filho (Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S/A ); Gary Arthur Jr. (Valero Energy Corporation); Graham Bennett (Quality Oil Company, LLC Quality Mart); Rahim Budhwani (6040, LLC); Wendy Chronister (Chronister Oil Company dba Qik n EZ); Karim Dhukani ( W&J Investments, Inc.); Frank Gleeson ( Topaz Energy Group Limited); Ari Haseotes (Cumberland Gulf Group of Companies); Sam Hirbod (Pacific Convenience & Fuels LLC); Edward S. Holmes (Holmes Oil Company, Inc.); Julie Jack-owski (Casey's General Stores, Inc.); Max Lenker (Race Trac Petroleum, Inc.); Jeff Parker (Kwik Shop, Inc. a div. of The Kroger Co.); Richard Parry (Aloha Petroleum, Ltd. dba Aloha Island Mart); Daniel Pastor (Mid-Atlantic Convenience Stores); Bipin Patel (Ampal Group dba Buffalo Wild Wings and Speedy Mart); Darren M. Rebelez (7-Eleven, Inc.); Jared Scheeler (Bobby & Steve's Auto World); Kevin Smartt (Kwik Chek Food Stores, Inc.); Warren Wilmot (7-Eleven Stores Pty. Ltd.)
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December 15 is the enrollment deadline to avoid a potentially hefty tax penalty in 2019.
For residents of most states, the federal tax penalty for not having health insurance disappears at the end of 2019. This is known as the 'individual mandate'. However, New Jersey residents are not off the hook. New Jersey residents are still subject to an individual mandate ans possible tax penalty in 2019 and beyond.
Beginning January 2019 a new NJ state tax penalty identical to the federal tax penalty kicks in. The amount of the penalty is a bit confusing: $695 per adult plus $347.50 per child up to a family maximum of $2,085 or 2.5 percent of household income, whichever is more. Additionally, there are special circumstances that can qualify an uninsured person as exempt from the penalty. The full text of the law is available here.
To avoid the tax penalty, individuals without health insurance should enroll for health insurance before December 15. Health insurance cost is limited to less than 15% of your total household income. health insurance isn't cheap, but it shouldn't break your household budget either.
The federal government no longer offers free individual assistance, called a "health insurance navigator", but most New jersey residents report that they find adequate help available through the GetcoveredNJ web site or directly from the insurance company they choose.


Congratulations! If you're thinking about purchasing a server for your small business then that probably means the company has experienced success and is starting to grow. That's great news.
The budget you have available for purchasing as server is clearly going to be the first consideration. If all your business needs is a file-sharing and print server with basic capabilities such as remote access, a lower-end server should suit your needs. If your business is growing fast it's a good idea to spend more because low-end servers tend to be less scalable.
2. What kind of workloads will I be running?
The configuration and price of the server will depend largely on the types of workloads you'll be running. Do you need the server to host a website or a database? What about email? Take some time to consider your daily operations and your business needs and make sure you're armed with that information when evaluating servers.
If the business is growing you'll need a server that will grow with it. If you're going to be adding lots of new users and hosting many large files, such as videos and images, then look for a server with a great deal of storage capacity and multiple drives.
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Virtualization isn't just for large enterprises. Many smaller company are also realizing the benefits of virtualization technology, which allows users treat one server as if it were multiple servers. Make sure the server supports virtualization if that's one of your objectives.
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Learn more about Carbonite Server Backup solutions and start a free 30-day trial whenever you're ready.


...has never actually won a p12 conference championship game.
Likely that won't last much longer, but it is interesting that in the 6 years since it began only teams from the north--Stanford (3x), Oregon (2x) and Washington (1x)--have won the conference champ game.
BTW I am on record as saying (before your RB win) that USC at the end of the season was the best team in the p12, and should have represented the south in that game.


Function of each component: 1. An NPN transistor connected in a common emitter configuration works as the active device in amplifier stage and CE configuration provides 180°phase shift. 2. R1 and R2 are biasing resistors and RE is used for stabilization of operating point against β variations. 3. RFC is the radio frequency choke, which provides the isolation between AC and DC operation. 4. CE is the emitter bypass capacitor and CC1 and CC2 are the coupling capacitors. 5. L1 and L2 forms tank circuit . The mutual inductance between L1 and L2 provides the feedback of energy from collector-emitter circuit to the base-emitter circuit.
Draw and explain RC phase shift Oscillator.


Bulgaria has beautiful landscapes and nature that must be protected. However the Pirin National Park and the Kresna Gorge are currently under threat. Therefore and together with colleagues from most of the groups in the European Parliament, I wrote a letter to the Commissioner for Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Mr Karmenu Vella. We ask him to take action to protect the unique environment of Bulgaria.


FED. CORP. was founded by Joe Federico Jr. in February of 1984.With a rented backhoe, a 10-wheel dump truck, and a pick-up full of tools, Joe started his first job installing sewer services for the Town of Westwood. He quickly earned a reputation as an excellent equipment operator as well as a talented project manager able to consistently deliver quality work in an efficient manner. Though the company has increased in size considerably since 1984, Joe continues to run FED. CORP. with the same hands-on approach he started with nearly 30 years ago. In 2009, Joe was honored with the distinction of "Contractor of the Year" by The Utility Contractors Association of New England (UCANE).
In 1986, Al Morteo began working with FED. CORP. With an MBA in Finance, Al started in the office-end of the business and now manages the office staff, supervises projects on-site, and serves as Vice President and Co-Owner of FED CORP. Al also sits on the board of directors for UCANE and currently works as President for the Association.
Now, for over 20 years, Joe and Al have worked together to build FED. CORP. into one of the premier underground utility companies working in and around Boston. Regardless of the size or complexity, FED CORP has never taken on a project it has not completed on-time for its client. Behind this lasting success lies a straightforward, day-in-and-day-out philosophy embracing the values of honesty, hard-work, and dedication to clients and employees.


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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are almost twice as likely to be hospitalised for unintentional injuries such as falls, burns and poisoning than non-Aboriginal children, a new study has shown.
The analysis also revealed that there had been no overall improvement in injury rates since 2003 and that the gap between Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal children remained significant.
Researchers from The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW and the University of Wollongong said the findings highlighted the need for Aboriginal-led intervention programs.
The study published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health analysed the records of almost one million children born in NSW hospitals between 2003-2007 and 2008-2012, of which around three per cent identified as Aboriginal.
Researchers found Aboriginal children were around 2.5 times more likely to have been treated for transport-related injuries and burns and have a three times greater risk of poisonings than non-Aboriginal children. However, rates for these three types of injury did drop for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.
The records of 915,525 children born in NSW hospitals 2003-2007 and 2008-2012 were analysed, of which 31,290 were Aboriginal.
Aboriginal children had 1.7 times higher rates of unintentional injuries.
Falls were the leading cause of injury in Aboriginal children – making up one third of all injuries.
Rates of burns, poisonings and transport injuries did fall for Aboriginal children from 2003 to 2012 – by 30%, 23% and 30% respectively.
The rates of Aboriginal children being struck (for example by a falling object) rose by 29%.
"There were some positives in our findings, but the fact is the gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children remains the same. This demonstrates we need programs which are designed with, and led by, Aboriginal people and supported by governments.


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South Carolina () is a own up in the coastal Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state bearing in mind a recorded population of 5,124,712 according to the 2020 census. In 2019, its GDP was $213.45 billion. South Carolina is composed of 46 counties. The capital is Columbia next a population of 133,273 in 2019; while its largest city is Charleston subsequent to a 2020 population of 150,277. The Greenville–Anderson–Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state, with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626.
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The Scarlet Tunic Movie Review 1997
Information and Film Reviews for The Scarlet Tunic the Movie
Based on the novella "The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion" by Thomas Hardy. It's 1802 in Hardy's fictional Wessex countryside where a light cavalry regiment of bored Germans, fighting with the British against Napoleon, has an encampment on the land of retired doctor Edward Groves (Shepherd). Groves' pretty daughter Frances (Fielding) is engaged to local businessman Humphrey Gould (Sessions) but, of course, she falls for dashing German hussar Matthaus Singer (Barr). Since this is a Hardy story, don't expect any happy endings.
VideoPreview Collection, National Fulfillment Center, PO Box 4055, Santa Monica, CA 90405, Toll-free: 800-771-9232, Fax: (310)399-4844
Historical Drama, Military: Foreign, Great Britain, Otherwise Engaged, Adapted from a Story, Books to Film: Thomas Hardy, Tragedy
Stuart St. Paul, Mark Jenkins, Colin Clements
Jean-Marc Barr, Emma Fielding, Simon Callow, John Sessions, Jack Shepherd, Andrew Tiernan, Thomas Lockyer
Malcolm McLean
Stuart St. Paul


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Historic trial without jury begins over alleged Heathrow robbery
Four men alleged to have carried out an armed robbery at Heathrow went on trial on Tuesday in an unprecedented case being heard without a jury
Glenn Cameron, (right), and John Twomey, (centre), join protesters outside the Royal Courts of Justice where their trial without jury is being held Credit: Photo: PA
John Twomey, Peter Blake, Barry Hibberd and Glen Cameron are accused of taking part in a ''professionally executed'' £1.75 million hold-up at a Heathrow warehouse in February 2004.
The Court of Appeal ruled last year that the case should be heard by a judge alone because of the danger of jury tampering.
It is the first major criminal trial in England and Wales to be held without a jury, and is taking place at the Royal Courts of Justice.
As the case was about to open it was the judge, Mr Justice Treacy, who was formally put in charge of the defendants by the clerk of the court, rather than any jury.
Earlier during legal submissions Sam Stein QC, for Hibberd, remarked: ''We are breaking history. This is the first time that a court has started a jury-less trial.''
Twomey, 61, of New Milton, Hants, Blake, 57, of Notting Hill, west London, Hibberd, 43, of Shepherd's Bush, west London, and Cameron, 50, of New Milton, Hampshire all deny a series of charges including robbery and firearm possession.
As prosecution barrister Simon Russell Flint QC was about to open the case, the judge explained how he had decided to adapt the normal procedure by which juries are given responsibility for a case.
He said: "At this stage the defendants would have been put in the charge of the jury and, although it is not apparently a strict legal requirement that they are, I have asked the court clerk to adapt the normal formula and to put me in charge of the various counts on the indictment."
Then, instead of reading out all 18 charges as she would have done to the jury, the clerk simply asked the judge to confirm he had seen the indictment.
She then informed the judge that the defendants had pleaded not guilty and that it was in his charge to say whether they were guilty or not - the task usually given to jurors.
After this procedure, Mr Russell Flint began to set out the Crown's case.
He told the judge: "Nearly six years ago, on February 6 2004, a professionally-planned and professionally-executed armed robbery took place at the warehouse premises of Menzies World Cargo."
Mr Russell Flint said the armed robbers expected to net £10 million in the raid after one gang member misread a delivery manifest, and instead they managed to get away with £1.75 million in various currencies.
It is alleged that each of the defendants were among the six robbers who entered the depot, wearing masks, high-visibility jackets and dark woollen hats.
Firearms were used to threaten the 16 members of staff, who were then tied up, the judge was told, one of them shot at, allegedly by Blake, as he tried to escape before being overpowered.
Mr Russell Flint said police had been aware since July 2003 that "something was going to take place" at the depot and kept watch on those they suspected of being involved.
He said the gang were equipped with "inside information" from those who "worked or had worked in and around Heathrow Airport".
In June last year Lord Judge, sitting with two other judges, agreed to set aside the "hallowed principle" of trial by jury because of what he described as the "very significant" danger of jury tampering.
The landmark decision was made under new powers in the Criminal Justice Act 2003.
There have already been three Old Bailey trials in the case, which is thought to have cost the taxpayer £24 million.
The latest proceedings ground to a halt in December 2008 after claims of jury tampering, after which prosecutors applied for a new trial, to be heard by a judge sitting alone.
Before the trial began a small group of protesters gathered outside court holding up banners such as "No Jury = No Justice".
Live Sri Lanka vs England: first Test, day four – live score and latest updates from Galle
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Covid-19 vaccine: Latest updates on Oxford, Moderna and Pfizer breakthroughs - and who will get it first?
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Lockdown has legitimised terrible customer service and we're not even meant to complain
Tom Welsh 17 Jan 2021, 11:00am


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b.rox
Pronounce the dot.
Old School with Wayne Curtis
Editor B Thursday, 14 July 2011 2
I recently got in touch with Wayne Curtis, author of And a Bottle of Rum . I was astonished to learn that he 1) lives in New Orleans and 2) reads this blog. Blow me down. He was even aware of my work with FOLC. I was momentarily disconcerted, embarrassed and abashed. Upon regaining my composure, I asked Wayne a few questions relating, more or less, to his upcoming seminar at Tales of the Cocktail. He'll be doing a session called "Beyond Punch: Colonial American Drinks," delving all the way back to the 18th century. That's what I call "old school."
If there is a story behind how your seminar "came to be," I would love to hear it.
Not much of a story. I gathered a fair amount of information on colonial drinks when researching my rum book, but never really had time to process it and make more sense of it. Nobody seemed much interested in drink pre-Jerry Thomas. But once David Wondrich came out with his book on punch last year, the cocktail crowd seemed a lot more curious about what else folks were drinking, so I decided to dig back in and see what I could find. I'll be curious to see if anyone thinks there's much merit in drinks flavored with spruce sap.
Is the American palate shifting? Is there any quick and dirty way to characterize shifting tastes over the years, going back to the 18th century? Does the notion of a national palate even make sense in that context?
I've made the argument that late 19th century America once had a big taste for bitter — much as Italy still does — but lost it during the Prohibition when sweet was ascendent and has never regained it, at least until now. It always astounded me how many different bitters were available prior to Prohibition, and how many recipes there were in bar guides for crafting different styles of bitters. One of my favorite soft drinks is Moxie, which was a New England favorite (and is still available up north). It's basically a gentian root soda, and sort of tastes like an Angostura soda. For years, until the 1910s, it outsold Coca Cola. And I'm willing to wager that Coke was once more bitter and less sweet than it is today. I'm glad to see that bitter is coming back, in everything ranging from cocktail bitters to Jagermeister to Starbucks Coffee to those frizzy, bitter greens now available in many supermarkets. It seems like an overdue re-discovery.
Vodka: for or against? (I tried to figure a way to relate this question to the subject of your seminar but failed.)
I used to be anti-vodka, but now I'm neutral. I realized I was reacting to the glitzy over-advertising of the big distillers, and the fact that people who argue about vodkas tend to be people I don't want to hang out with. (BTW, have you seen the website www.douchebagslovegreygoose.com?) I agree that there is a difference in vodkas, but those differences are relatively minute and are of interest only to people who drink vodka straight, which I don't. On the other hand, I think the I Hate Vodka meme had gotten out of hand, and threatened to alienate topers who could be allies in Better Drink if brought along to other spirit pastures more gently. And I've found that a little vodka added to a drink with another base spirit (like a rum) actually can work to highlight other flavors by bringing up the spiky alcohol sense without adding much flavor. So I'll never be a vodka person, but I've stopped being a vodka basher.
Do you have a favorite old-time cocktail, and if so what is it?
I like lots of old, bitters-forward cocktails, far more than the sweet ones. A Sazerac is still one of the most sublime drinks ever — I usually make it Dale DeGroff style, with half/half rye and brandy, and both Peychaud's and Angostura bitters. This summer I've been favoring a lapsang souchang Manhattan. I use a simple syrup made with the smoky tea, and Bitter Truth's Xocolatl Mole bitters. Very tasty.
Hm, I've got some lapsang souchang at home. Great stuff, but I never thought of making syrup with it. I will have to give that a try.
Of course, the drinks we'll be considering (and hopefully tasting) in Wayne's seminar will be even older than Sazeracs and Manhattans. They have funny names like bombo, syllabub, switchel, and flips. No, not the more familiar flip made with an egg — that came later. The earlier flip involved a red hot poker. We actually featured one of these years ago on ROX, though I had no idea then of its antique provenance. (An individual video is not available but you can get the full episode; the flip clip begins at 16 minutes and 40 seconds.)
Photo: TOTC10 161 / Rocky Yeh / BY-NC-SA 2.0
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Con simbolismo fallico s'identifica una rappresentazione simbolica dell'organo sessuale maschile in erezione, spesso associata al culto della fertilità.

Origine ed etimologia

In origine, nelle religioni pagane, il fallo era il simbolo cosmogonico del membro virile in erezione, cui venivano dedicati riti e preghiere, e per secoli è stato oggetto di potere, tabù, mistero. Il termine fallo deriva dal latino phallus, dal greco φαλλός-phallós, da connettersi alla radice del sanscrito phalati (= germogliare, fruttificare) o alla radice della lingua protoindoeuropea bʰel-phal (= gonfiare, gonfiarsi).

Per l'etimologia pene deriva dal latino penis, coda, poi membro virile, (da pes; cfr. il sanscrito vedico pasas, membro virile, greco pésos, lituano písti, coito) e possiede una energia incontrollabile e misteriosa, in grado di procreare. Secondo l'antico grammatico Festo, penis deriverebbe da pendere, perché pende come una coda.
In latino il termine ha la stessa radice di falsum, e significa: commettere un errore, sbagliarsi, ovvero ingannare, circoscrivere, gabbare qualcuno in qualcosa (in alcuni testi con connotazione a carattere sessuale).

Archeologia
Un fallo in siltite risalente all'incirca a 28000 anni fa è stato scoperto all'interno di una grotta nel sud della Germania, ed è a tutt'oggi la più antica rappresentazione fallica nota.

Religione

Antichità
Nell'antichità si ritrovano in ogni parte del mondo moltissime tracce dell'adorazione del fallo-pene, che non veniva affatto considerato un'"oscenità" come è stato poi dal Medioevo in poi, ma anzi una rappresentazione spesso religiosa: gli obelischi in Egitto, i monumenti di Delo, le costruzioni falliche in Persia e Fenicia, le torri d'Irlanda e Scozia, i monoliti in Francia e Corsica, i sassi piantati a Cuzco o nelle Indie, alcuni edifici Polinesiani e Giapponesi, alcune monete macedoni, le tombe etrusche, i Dolmen in Gran Bretagna, Sardegna, Malta e Spagna, i cippi agricoli in Puglia, Albania e Grecia oltre a testimonianze sulla religione orgiastica di Dioniso e nei baccanali.

Del culto vero e proprio se ne sa molto poco, ma le pitture della Villa dei Misteri a Pompei, anche se riproduzioni tardive (5 secoli dopo), per esempio ci danno un'idea dei riti antichi romani.

Tutto ciò che si erige, quindi, sembra essere un riferimento fallico, almeno secondo l'interpretazione di Sigmund Freud, ora confutata su più fronti e da vari autori.Questa energia incontrollabile tramutò completamente all'arrivo del Cristianesimo, che affermava la superiorità di Dio sull'uomo. Tuttavia diversi Papi Cattolici eressero a loro volta obelischi, sicuramente senza nemmeno sapere che cosa queste strutture rappresentassero all'inizio: Papa Sisto V durante il suo papato (1585-1590) fu artefice dell'erezione di 4 obelischi, fra cui l'Obelisco Vaticano, il più alto dei quattro (è alto 40 metri e pesa 1500 quintali), che si erge tuttora in Piazza San Pietro a Roma, al centro dell'immenso colonnato del Bernini di fronte alla Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano.

Antico Egitto
Nell'antichissima religione egizia, il fallo svolge un ruolo di primaria importanza, specialmente nel culto del dio Osiride: quando il corpo del dio dell'oltretomba fu tagliato in 14 pezzi da Seth, questi vennero sparpagliati per tutto il paese, tanto che la moglie-sorella Iside dovette andare a recuperarli uno per uno, con forza formidabile; non ritrovò però il pene del marito, che era stato inghiottito da un pesce (così com'è narrato nel mito di Iside e Osiride).

Presumibilmente la dea lo sostituì quindi con una sua rappresentazione in legno.

Il dio Min è stato spesso raffigurato come itifallico, cioè con pene eretto, e veniva celebrato spesso dai docenti nell'insegnare la sessualità ai bambini.

Lo storico greco Callisseno di Rodi racconta di aver visto, mentre si trovava ad Alessandria d'Egitto nel 275 a.C., una festa dionisiaca, durante la quale un fallo d'oro lungo addirittura 60 metri con in cima una stella d'oro fu portato in processione per tutta la città, davanti a mezzo milione di persone che intonavano inni in suo onore.

Mesopotamia e Medio Oriente
Per i Babilonesi, il dio Enki aveva creato i due fiumi Tigri e l'Eufrate proprio grazie alla forza del suo pene.

Gli Assiri e i Fenici invece adoravano Kmul, divinità dall'enorme membro e perciò potente generatore della vita.

Nella biblica Canaan i re mangiavano il pene del predecessore per assimilarne il potere.

Il satirico Persio, per designare i testicoli, usò proprio un diminutivo di testes (plurale), quasi a significare i due testimoni dell'atto sessuale (per questo uso cfr. anche il poeta rinascimentale Pietro Aretino). Da qui derivano i termini presenti nella lingua italiana "testicoli" e "testimone", dalla stessa radice etimologica.

Antichità classica

Nel mondo antico e classico e poi nella cultura greco-romana, il fallo era ritenuto l'origine della vita, e perciò nulla di cui provare vergogna ma anzi da lodare, in quanto considerato il generatore del seme: a ciò è dovuta la leggenda secondo cui le antiche civiltà lo trasformano in divinità.

Antica Grecia
Nella tradizione derivante dalla mitologia greca il dio Ermes, signore dei confini e degli scambi commerciali (comunemente denominato "messaggero degli dei") è considerato una divinità fallica dall'associazione con le rappresentazioni che ne vengono fatte sulle erme, grandi pilastri fallici. Lo stesso figlio del dio, il mezzo-capro Pan, è stato spesso raffigurato come avente un fallo eretto di dimensioni esagerate.

Priapo è un dio greco della fertilità il cui simbolo è un grande fallo eretto; dal suo nome deriverà anche il termine medico priapismo, disturbo consistente in un'incontrollabile erezione. Questo figlio di Afrodite e Dioniso (o Adone, a seconda delle differenti versioni del mito originale), è il protettore del bestiame, della piante da frutto e dei giardini, oltre che dei genitali maschili. Priapo, originario forse del Mar Nero, si trasferì prima in Grecia e poi a Roma, dove si confuse con il dio locale Mutinus Tutunus e a volte persino con lo stesso Pan (entrambi fanno difatti parte del grande corteo dionisiaco). A Roma, ove assunse l'aspetto di un satiro, si celebravano in suo onore i Lupercali.

I Greci celebravano le falloforie, processioni in cui enormi falli erano trasportati durante riti per incrementare i raccolti agricoli.

Antica Roma
Nell'arte romana, il fallo veniva spesso raffigurato in affreschi e mosaici, generalmente posti anche all'ingresso di ville ed abitazioni patrizie. Il pene eretto era infatti considerato un amuleto contro invidia e malocchio. Inoltre, il culto del membro virile eretto, nella Roma antica era molto diffuso tra le matrone di estrazione patrizia a propiziare la loro fecondità e capacità di generare la continuità della gens. Per questo, il fallo veniva usato anche come monile da portare al collo o al braccio. Sempre a Roma, le vergini patrizie, prima di contrarre matrimonio, facevano una particolare preghiera a Priapo, affinché rendesse piacevole la loro prima notte di nozze
Onnipresente nella cultura romana, in particolare sotto forma di fascinus. Le rovine dell'antica Pompei hanno portato alla luce i tintinnabula (Tintinnabulum) , una specie di sonaglio azionato dal vento e composto da più campanelle legate ad un'unica struttura dalle caratteristiche forme falliche; venivano usati per scongiurare le influenze malevoli: la statue di Priapo custodivano in modo simile i giardini privati delle ville patrizie.

I bambini e ragazzini romani portavano con sé la bulla, un amuleto indossato come medaglione contenente un fascinus fallico, questo fino a quando non entravano formalmente nell'età della giovinezza. Secondo Agostino di Ippona il culto del pater Liber, che presiedeva l'ingresso del cittadino nella virilità politica e sessuale, coinvolgeva anche il fallo.

La divinità fallica Mutunus Tutunus presiedeva al sesso coniugale. Un fallo sacro è stato tra gli oggetti di vitale importanza per la sicurezza dello Stato romano e veniva conservato gelosamente dalle vestali.

Ancora oggi la città greca di antico dominio romano di Tyrnavos tiene ogni anno una processione fallica o "parata del pene-phallika", un evento tradizionale che si svolge durante i primi giorni della Quaresima.

India
Nella cultura Yoga il dio Shiva è considerato "Adi Yogi" (colui che ha imparato lo Yoga) e "Adi Guru" (primo maestro); egli è il primo praticante yogin e il primo Guru della scienza yogica. Nei suoi insegnamenti il dio dà istruzioni molto dirette sulle tecniche per liberare l'anima incarnata dalle limitazioni di corpo e mente e farle vivere la sua vera natura beata; Shiva è considerato con e senza forma ad un tempo: lo Shiva descritto con una forma viene adorato attraverso tutto un sistema di rituali sviluppatisi attorno a lui.

Prove di culti indiani nei confronti di pietre simil-falliche risalgono alla preistoria. Forme di pietra con diverse varietà di "teste" stilizzate o di glande, si ritrovano in molti templi antichi; il celebre lingam conservato nel tempio di Parashurameshwar nel distretto di Chitoor dello Stato dell'Andhra Pradesh, meglio conosciuto come "Gudimallam Linga", è alto circa un metro e mezzo scolpito in una pietra di granito nero lucidato. Risalente al 2300 a.C. è uno dei linga esistenti del periodo pre-buddhista.

Il linga gigante, cilindro fallico quasi naturalistico, si distingue per la sua prominenza bulbosa a forma di glande, ed una forma antropomorfa dell'avatara Parashurama ne è scolpita in rilievo. Nel corso dei secoli lo Shivalingam è divenuto tendenzialmente sempre più stilizzato e ovoidale, rispetto a quelli precedenti il VI secolo i quali mostrano una maggior propensione allo stile naturalistico.

Etimologia
"La prova linguistica indica che gli Indù post-vedici non solo hanno adottato la tradizione cultuale del linga dai popoli prevedici non ariani, ma che anche il termine stesso è originario delle lingue austriche" Chakravartin dice inoltre che la parola entrò nella lingua sanscrita assieme a langula-coda, derivazioni della stessa sillaba-radice lang.

Se questa correlazione è accettata sulla base dell'evidente vicinanza fonetica delle parole linga-langula, allora non è difficile riconoscerne neppure l'evoluzione semantica in langul-vomere: l'utilizzo del fallo o organo generativo maschile e l'utilizzo di uno strumento atto a coltivare la terra e fertilizzarla hanno un parallelo simbolico del tutto naturale e spontaneo, per la loro somiglianza sia esteriore che di significato (da una parte la procreazione umana col fallo, dall'altra la crescita della vegetazione col vomere).

Linga di pietra sono stati rinvenuti in diversi siti della civiltà dell'Indo e variano nel formato da quelli giganti di tre metri di lunghezza a pezzi molto piccoli; questi possono essere di steatite, pietra arenaria o argilla cotta ed alcuni i loro sono inconfondibili nella loro interpretazione naturalistica. Il culto fallico si è diffuso nel subcontinente indiano a partire dal periodo Calcolitico ed è stato immediatamente associato ai riti magici religiosi di quel tempo.

Indonesia
Nell'arcipelago indonesiano il linga fallico e la yoni femminile rimangono simboli comuni di armonia. Il palazzo del sultano-kraton di Kasepuhan, nella provincia di Giava Occidentale, possiede un certo numero di sculture linga-yoni lungo le sue pareti. Secondo le cronache indonesiane di "Babad Tanah Jawi" (Storia della terra di Java) il principe Puger si guadagnò il potere regale divino ingerendo lo sperma direttamente dal fallo del suo predecessore il sultano Amangkurat II di Mataram (1677-1703).

Bhutan
Il fallo è comunemente raffigurato nei dipinti in Bhutan: lo si usa ancora oggi per spaventare e scacciar via gli spiriti maligni.

Giappone
Il santuario di "Mara Kannon" a Nagato, nella prefettura di Yamaguchi, è uno dei tanti santuari della fertilità presenti in Giappone esistenti ancor oggi. L'adorazione del fallo era storicamente diffusa ed è presente nei festival "Danjiri Matsuri" a Kishiwada, nel Kanamara Matsuri (la festa scintoista del "pene di ferro") a Kawasaki e nell'Hōnen Matsuri a Komari.

Antica Scandinavia
Il dio della mitologia norrena Freyr è una divinità fallica che rappresenta la fertilità maschile e l'amore sessuale.

Il racconto di "Völsa þáttr" (narrato nel Flateyjarbók e facente parte del Heimskringla) del IX secolo descrive una famiglia norvegese che adora il pene di un cavallo che hanno conservato.

Alcune figure scultoree in pietra, come ad esempio la stele di Stora Hammar e la stele di Tängelgårda, erano di forma fallica.

A Reykjavík si trova il museo fallologico islandese dedicato alle rappresentazioni artistiche dell'organo sessuale maschile.

Balcani
Kuker è la divinità che personifica la fertilità e a volte assume personalità molteplice. In Bulgaria, uno spettacolo rituale di primavera (una sorta di carnevale della tradizione Kukeri) avviene dopo la messa in scena di uno spettacolo teatrale, in cui il ruolo di Kuker viene interpretato da un uomo abbigliato come piccolo caprone: indossa una maschera cornuta ed è cinto in vita con un grosso fallo di legno. Durante il rito vari atti fisiologici sono interpretati, tra cui il rapporto sessuale nella sua qualità di simbolo del matrimonio sacro del dio, mentre la moglie simbolica che appare in stato di gravidanza mima i dolori del parto. Questo rituale inaugura i lavori dei campi - aratura e semina - ed è effettuato con la partecipazione di numerosi personaggi allegorici, tra i quali l'imperatore e il suo seguito.

America precolombiana
Le figure di Kokopelli e Itzamnà tra le civiltà precolombiane includono spesso contenuti fallici. Inoltre, più di 40 grandi sculture monolitiche (Xkeptunich) sono stati documentati in siti Maya, con la maggioranza degli esempi presenti nella regione Puuc dello Yucatán. Uxmal possiede la più grande collezione di sculture, ben 11; inoltre una scultura che misura 320cm di altezza, con un diametro alla base di 44cm, è stata rinvenuta a Almuchil.

Cristianesimo

Santo Prepuzio secondo il Vangelo di Luca è uno dei tanti reliquie attribuite a Gesù, un prodotto della circoncisione di Gesù. Secondo la tradizione ebraica, otto giorni (secondo il calcolo degli intervalli di giorni semitico e dell'Europa meridionale) dopo la sua nascita, l'occasione in cui al bambino è stato formalmente dato il nome."

La circoncisione di Gesù è stata tradizionalmente vista come la prima volta che il sangue di Cristo è stato versato, e quindi l'inizio del processo di redenzione dell'uomo, e una dimostrazione che Cristo era completamente umano.

In vari momenti della storia, un certo numero di chiese in Europa hanno affermato di possedere il prepuzio di Gesù, a volte contemporaneamente. Ad essa sono stati attribuiti vari poteri miracolosi. Leo Allatius, secondo quanto riferito è arrivato al punto di sostenere che il prepuzio è diventato gli anelli di Saturno.

Sette alternative

Nella "Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (E.G.C.)", braccio ecclesiastico dell'Ordo Templi Orientis, fondata da Aleister Crowley, vi sono alcuni rituali che richiedono la pratica del consumo e ingestione di sperma durante la messa gnostica.

La Chiesa di San Priapo è una nuova religione nordamericana centrata sul culto del fallo. Fondata a Montréal nel 1980 da D.F. Cassidy, ha un suo seguito soprattutto tra uomini omosessuali canadesi e statunitensi; qui anche lo sperma viene trattato con la riverenza dovuta ed il suo consumo costituisce un atto di culto, essendo stimato come sacra causa della divina potenza vivificante.

Simbolo di potere
Per i Greci ed i Romani il pene era simbolo di potere: nell'antica Roma, spesso le dimensioni e la forma del pene agevolavano la carriera militare. Proprio tra i Romani, inoltre, il pene fungeva da portafortuna. Il fascinum era un amuleto fallico contro il malocchio da appendere al polso. Di qui deriva il gesto scaramantico di "toccarsi" (o di toccare il corno, a forma fallica) per attingere energia.

Tertulliano (150 d.C.-220 d.C.) diceva che durante l'orgasmo l'uomo perde una parte dell'anima: un modo antico di concepire l'energia umana, ma anche un'ammonizione morale.

Con l'avvento del Cattolicesimo, il fallo, da divinità, ovviamente divenne demoniaco. : il pene, per Anselmo d'Aosta è la "verga del diavolo".
Nessun organo, diceva sant'Agostino, è più corrotto del pene.
Così nel Rinascimento papa Pio IV fece coprire gli attributi maschili a eletti e dannati nella Cappella Sistina di Michelangelo.

Psicoanalisi
La psicoanalisi lo ha posto al centro della vita mentale, e anche nel linguaggio primeggia: l'organo sessuale maschile ha 1047 sinonimi (40 più della vulva), per esprimere i concetti più disparati, dalla forza (cazzuto), all'imbecillità (cazzone).

La visione simbolica del fallo vuole rappresentare i poteri generativi maschili. Secondo Sigmund Freud, mentre tutti i maschi possiedono un pene, nessuno può possedere il fallo simbolico. Jacques Lacan include nei suoi scritti un saggio dal titolo Il significato del fallo che articola la differenza tra essere e avere un fallo; gli uomini hanno il fallo, le donne si trovano ad essere-fallo (acquisirlo): il fallo simbolico è concetto dell'essere maschile per eccellenza, possederlo viene paragonato ad avere il dono divino.

In termini culturali, il fallocentrismo è usato per descrivere una dottrina maschilista incentrata sul potere derivante dal possesso del fallo.

Uso moderno
Dal fallo derivano le rappresentazioni dei cornetti delle superstizioni mediterranee (per esempio a Napoli).

I culti fallici sono sopravvissuti fino ad oggi, anche se mimetizzati sotto altre forme, come la Sagra dei gigli a Nola, la Corsa dei ceri a Gubbio e durante le feste di carnevale a Firenze (cfr. Vasco Pratolini in Cronache di poveri amanti).

Il fallo è spesso usato per pubblicizzare la pornografia, così come la vendita di contraccettivo. Viene utilizzato anche per provocazioni e scherzi ed è il fulcro di molti spettacoli per adulti.

Il fallo ha avuto poi tutta una serie di nuove interpretazioni artistiche durante il XX secolo, stimolate in ciò dalle interpretazioni psicologico-psicoanalitiche. Un esempio è dato da Principessa X dello scultore modernista rumeno Constantin Brâncuși: l'opera ha creato scandalo al Salon del 1919 in quanto rappresenta la caricatura della principessa Marie Bonaparte come grande fallo di bronzo scintillante dotato di testicoli gonfi. L'artista ha voluto qui simboleggiare l'ossessione della Bonaparte per il pene e i suoi studi riguardanti l'orgasmo vaginale.

Esiste anche un concorso inaugurato nel 2003 che premia l'edificio più fallico costruito in ambito architettonico.

La rappresentazione di simboli fallici sotto forma di graffiti o disegni è frequentissima: quasi in ogni luogo in cui ci siano iscrizioni (ascensori, bagni pubblici, muri) è facile trovare immagini stilizzate di falli (detti ad esempio "paduli") a dimostrazione che la simbologia fallica sopravvive ancora, è diffusissima e fa parte dell'immaginario collettivo.

Arte contemporanea
Molti scultori hanno creato opere falliche, alcune con significato più sottile ed ambiguo, altre invece con riferimenti più chiari ed evidenti. Uno di questi esempi può esser la statua in onore della rivoluzione dei Garofani posizionata sulla cima di una collina a Lisbona, creata da João Cutileiro.

Un altro esempio può essere la statua denominata "Crystal" situata in una delle più importanti piazze di Stoccolma, Sergels Torg, creata da Edvin Öhrström. Può essere veduta come struttura fallica, come lo sono molti altri obelischi sparsi in tutto il mondo.

Galleria d'immagini

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Arte erotica a Pompei e Ercolano
 Sheela na Gig
 Storia della sessualità umana
 Itifallo
 Kanamara Matsuri
 Melanzana (emoji)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Sessualità e religione
Culto di Dioniso

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Former Marine arrested in 1976 killing of 30-year-old woman found strangled near air base in Irvine
05/31/2019 6:33 am PDT
Orange County Sheriff's Department
Leslie Penrod Harris, left, and Eddie Lee Anderson are seen in photos from 1976 released by the Orange County Sheriff's Department.
By Erika Martin, KTLA
IRVINE, Calif. (KTLA) -- A former Marine has been arrested in the death of a woman found strangled near an Irvine military base 43 years ago, officials said Thursday.
Eddie Lee Anderson, 66, is suspected of killing 30-year-old Leslie Penrod Harris in May 1976 and dumping her body near the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, which has since been decommissioned, Orange County sheriff's officials said in a news release.
Harris was dining with her husband at a restaurant in Costa Mesa the evening of May 17, but went out alone around 8:30 p.m. She still hadn't returned by the time the establishment closed, and her husband reported her missing, authorities said.
Around 4:30 a.m. the next morning, military police from the air base found Harris' body lying on a roadway just outside its perimeter. It was later determined she had been strangled, deputies said.
Detectives approached nearby businesses and taxi companies that served the area, but no leads were developed. Although officials suspected the killer was connected to the military, due to Harris' body being found in an area the general public was unfamiliar with, the case went cold.
There were multiple attempts — in 1997 and 2016 — to revive the case after advancements were made in DNA analysis, but no matches to the evidence collected during Harris' were found, detectives said.
But O.C. investigators began using genealogy to identify suspects in the case last year, and earlier this year a joint effort with the FBI helped them identify Anderson as a person of interest.
Further investigation led authorities to determine Anderson had been enlisted in the Marines and lived at the El Toro base in the early '70s.
When Harris was killed, he lived less than a mile from the restaurant she visited the night of her death, officials said.
This year on May 23, O.C. sheriff's officials traveled to Louisiana, where Anderson was living, to interview him.
After Anderson volunteered to provide a DNA sample, he was arrested on suspicion of murder last Friday, May 24, at his home in River Ridge, Louisiana.
MORE: Former marine arrested in 1976 killing of 30-year-old woman found strangled near air base in Irvine - KTLA
#California #KTLA #OrangeCounty #SouthernCalifornia


text:
Paper chase: Case by case
by Ellen Blue
Congregational life presents a broad range of conflicts and dilemmas in which theological and ecclesial issues are entwined with the complex drama of human relations. Such challenges are also moments in which Christian witness can be clarified. This fictional narrative, which is followed by an analysis, is the second in a series. This story first appeared in Attentive to God: Thinking Theologically in Ministry and is used here by permission of Abingdon Press.
Being a senior pastor seemed to come naturally to Larry. He had grown up working in his parents' business after school and during summer vacations, and he had seen his parents deal effectively with employees in many kinds of situations. When he went away to college and took some management courses, he discovered that his parents had intuitively been applying several management theories, especially those that called for helping employees enjoy their work and expand their capabilities.
When he went to seminary, he discovered some other ways of looking at how his parents had dealt with employees: he found theological language about empowerment and treating others as one might treat Christ. He had come to see one task of a senior pastor as helping the members of his staff to grow spiritually and to learn to answer more fully the call of God upon their lives.
Ellen Blue
Ellen Blue teaches at Phillips Theological Seminary in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Mar 20, 2013 issue
Not surprisingly, Larry's staff worked well together, and their congregation was growing steadily. The new associate pastor, Stephanie, was relatively young herself and quite enthusiastic about her new position, which focused on children and youth. In her first six months, the youth group gained several new members and became a more visible and active part of the church.
At a staff retreat in January, Larry and the staff picked out several Sundays for special churchwide emphasis in the coming year. One of them was the Sunday in April nearest Earth Day. Stephanie was excited about that choice because she was convinced that every age group among the children and youth could participate in some appropriate way.
Larry had always avoided micromanagement, and it never occurred to him to ask Stephanie for a complete rundown on what she planned to do with every single age group. He learned by reading the draft of the April newsletter that the senior high youth were going to observe Earth Day and celebrate the gift of God's good creation by washing dishes. Specifically, they were going to wash the dishes that they hoped the adults would use instead of paper plates and cups for the coffee time that preceded the 11 o'clock worship each week. They planned to continue the project through the Sundays in April and May and then decide whether they would extend it into the summer.
"Hmm," Larry thought, "that sounds like a lot of work. I hope Stephanie doesn't wind up doing the dishwashing herself, and I'll bet they don't carry on through the summer. But it's a great idea, and it's certainly in tune with the resolution we passed at our regional conference last year to ask our conference center to avoid using paper tableware. We'll just see how it goes."
Ten days later, four days after the newsletter had been mailed out, Larry got a call from Stan Mitchell, a parishioner in his late sixties who made one of the larger financial pledges each year and faithfully fulfilled the obligation. Stan asked to see Larry, and they set up an appointment for that afternoon. Larry found himself wondering several times what Stan wanted to see him about; he was not the sort of person Larry expected to ask for counsel or help with a problem. It crossed Larry's mind that since Stan was a former executive who had retired a year or so ago, he might be thinking about estate planning and want some advice about making a gift to the church. Larry was always mildly uncomfortable discussing money, but he steeled himself to be ready if that was the conversation Stan had in mind.
He found himself watching for Stan's arrival, and when he saw Stan's BMW enter the parking lot, he went to the door to greet him. "How's retirement?" he inquired, and was surprised to hear Stan's answer that it was not necessarily all it was cracked up to be. As Larry listened, he thought he detected an undertone of boredom in Stan's description of his new life. After a while, he asked what in particular Stan had wanted to discuss with him.
Though he thought he was prepared for whatever Stan might say, Larry was shocked to hear him speak angrily about the youth group's Earth Day project. Within a few sentences, he made it clear that he considered the project a personal insult to him and his former occupation.
"Stan," said Larry, "I'm sorry you're upset. I need a little help, though, in understanding how you feel this relates to your career. The paper company you worked for produces cardboard containers, doesn't it? I had never heard that it makes paper plates and cups, too!"
"It doesn't," Stan replied, "but that's beside the point. What the church is saying is that people who make paper are bad. She's making me feel like my whole life was a sinful waste. It wasn't! I've done lots of good things for this church that ought to be appreciated."
"She?" Larry asked, fearing he knew the answer.
"That new youth minister," Stan said. "She's stirred the young folks up about this. There are plenty of us in this town and in this church who've made our livings making paper. Who is she to condemn us?"
"Uh, I don't think that's what she had in mind at all," Larry said. "And if you didn't make paper plates and cups, I'm not sure why you're feeling that this is aimed at you personally."
"Paper is paper," Stan said firmly, "and sin is sin. You had better stop her before she runs me off and everybody else who's had to work for a living. Somebody has to pay the bills around here." Looking at his watch, he stood up and said, "I've got to go. I have to pick up my wife at the hairdresser. She wants me to go with her to pick out a lamp. She's been buying lamps without me for 44 years, and I don't see why I have to get involved now."
"Stan, could we talk some more about this tomorrow or the next day?" Larry asked. "I see that you feel very strongly about this, but I'm not sure I understand all I need to about your objection to the project."
Stan made an appointment to return to see Larry in two days. When he left the office, Larry just sat there, wondering, "How could I have been so wrong about why Stan was coming in? What will I say to him day after tomorrow? And I better talk to Stephanie today."
Read M. Craig Barnes's response


Duchess writes a touching foreword in a new puzzle book, which is a part of her Heads Together campaign.
Kate Middleton's grandmother Valerie Glassborow was one of the Bletchley Girls, who had served during the Second World War and was responsible for intercepting enemy codes for decryption. While reports suggest that Glassborow's wartime work at the Bletchley Park code-breaking station was more of a family secret until now; Princess Kate has recognised her grandmother's work in a new book.
The Duchess of Cambridge recently addressed her grandmother's contributions during the war and paid tributes to her in the form of a foreword in the first-ever puzzle book released by GCHQ or the UK's Signals Intelligence and Cyber Security agency.
"I have always been immensely proud of my grandmother, Valerie Glassborow, who worked at Bletchley Park during the Second World War," she wrote admiring the great efforts put up by her late grandmother and her colleagues.
"She and her twin sister, Mary, served with thousands of other young women as part of the great Allied effort to break enemy codes. They hardly ever talked about their wartime service, but we now know just how important the men and women of Bletchley Park were, as they tackled some of the hardest problems facing the country."
Aimed at inspiring and challenging readers, the puzzle book was released as a part of the Heads Together campaign, which is a joint effort by Princess Kate, Prince William, and Prince Harry to raise awareness on mental health. In fact, all proceeds from the books will be going to this social mission.
In the touching foreword, the mother-of-two also went on to discuss about her ongoing campaign and the need for an open discussion when it came to mental health problems.
"William, Harry and I are very grateful that this book is supporting our Heads Together Campaign. I hope it will not only amuse and challenge readers, but help to promote an open discussion of mental health problems, which can affect anyone, regardless of age or background," she wrote.
"Together, we are aiming to change the national conversation around mental health from stigma and fear to openness and understanding."
Celebrated scientist Alan Turing, whose life during the Second World War has been made into a movie – The Imitation Game starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley – also served for top-level decryption at the Bletchley Park.
BBC reports that the women working as coders at Bletchley would be typically referred to as "girls" and were relegated to low-level clerical work.


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Cara Delevingne stars in Mulberry's Spring/Summer 2014 campaign video
Jan 21 2014 by Noah Lehava
IT model Cara Delevingne stars in Mulberry's extravagant tea party campaign for the Spring/Summer 2014 season. The campaign was shot by Tim Walker and art directed by Ronnie Cooke Newhouse at House and Holme. It isn't your average high tea, with special guests, a Great Dane, pelican, cockatoos, a tortoise and a pony. WATCH it after the jump.
OVER TO YOU! If you could have a tea party with anyone, who would it be? READ MORE: How to fake Cara's full brows The top 10 models of 2013 Cara Delevingne's best runway looks


Eric Shoubridge's laboratory focuses on the molecular genetics of mitochondrial diseases, in particular those that affect the function of the respiratory chain. Mitochondria are essential for a number of cellular processes such as heme and iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, and for aerobic energy production. Energy production occurs in the respiratory chain, a system composed of five multi-subunit enzyme complexes whose polypeptide components are encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). Although only a handful of polypeptides are encoded in mtDNA, all are essential. Defects in respiratory chain function have been linked to a wide spectrum of multi-system disorders, often referred to as encephalomyopathies because of the prominent involvement of the nervous system and skeletal muscle. These defects have an estimated prevalence of one in every five thousand births. Defects can be caused by mutations in nuclear genes or in mtDNA.
The genetics of mtDNA is completely different from Mendelian genetics because of the high ploidy of mtDNA and because it is inherited maternally. Most cells contain hundreds or thousands of copies of mtDNA. In patients with mitochondrial disease, pathogenic mtDNAs usually co-exist with wild-type mtDNAs (heteroplasmy). In general, the proportion of mutant mtDNAs must exceed a particular threshold to produce a biochemical phenotype, so the rules that govern the transmission of mtDNA in the female germline, and the segregation of mutant mtDNAs in different tissues during fetal and postnatal life, are important determinants of the expression of a pathogenic phenotype, specific tissue involvement, and the severity of disease. The factors affecting the transmission and segregation of pathogenic mtDNA mutants remain, however, poorly understood. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we are investigating the structural organization of mtDNA, and the nature of the nuclear genetic factors that influence its transmission and segregation.
Most nuclear genetic effects affecting respiratory chain function are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. These are most prevalent in the pediatric population, where they are associated with severe respiratory chain dysfunction and an early fatal outcome. Using functional complementation cloning techniques in cell lines from patients, we are identifying and characterizing the genes associated with these disorders. The vast majority of these deficiencies result from an inability to assemble one or more of the respiratory chain complexes. This has led us to investigate the pathways of assembly of the individual enzyme complexes as well as the mitochondrial translation system that synthesizes the essential structural components encoded in mtDNA.
Antonicka, H, Sasarman, F, Kennaway, NG, Shoubridge, EA. The molecular basis for tissue specificity of the oxidative phosphorylation deficiencies in patients with mutations in the mitochondrial translation factor EFG1. Hum Mol Genet. 15, 1835-46. 2006.
Leary, SC, Cobine, PA, Kaufman, BA, Guercin, GH, Mattman, A, Palaty, J, Lockitch, G, Winge, DR, Rustin, P, Horvath, R, Shoubridge EA. The human cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors SCO1 and SCO2 have regulatory roles in the maintenance of cellular copper homeostasis. Cell Metab 5, 9-20. 2007.
Kaufman, BA, Durisic, N, Mativetsky, JM, Costantino, S, Hancock, MA, Grutter, P, Shoubridge, EA. The mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM coordinates the assembly of multiple DNA molecules into nucleoid-like structures. Mol Biol Cell 18, 3225-36. 2007.
Sasarman, F, Antonicka, H, Shoubridge, EA. The A3243G tRNALeu(UUR) MELAS mutation causes amino acid misincorporation and a combined respiratory chain assembly defect partially suppressed by overexpression of EFTu and EFG2. Hum Mol Genet. 17, 3697-707. 2008.
Wai, T., Teoli, D, Shoubridge, EA. The mitochondrial DNA genetic bottleneck results from replication of a subpopulation of genomes during oocyte maturation in early postnatal life. Nature Genet . 40, 1484-8. 2008.