text:
Student speaks against testing and Common Core #whyIrefuse #morethanascore #FSA
Student speaks against testing and Common Core
Student speaks out against testing because of her experiences with high stakes standardized testing in Florida. Common Core was renamed Florida Standard Assessments or FSA. Prior to the FSA, Florida used the FCAT as their standardized testing.
Posted by Mike Simpson at 10:09 PM
An Index of My School Choice Posts So Far
An Index of My School Choice Posts So Far:
An anti school-choice rally in 2014
There are many parents, teachers, administrators and board members who are fighting a very tough fight in Oklahoma and other states right now against a very corrupt idea misnamed "school choice".
For those of you who need ideas to talk about and links to use in comments and Facebook/Twitter/Google+/Reddit posts, here are my posts so far that are directly pointing at the problems with "school choice":
How School Choice Turns "We" Into "Me"
–"School choice" turns the "we" of society into the "me" of taking care of my child at the expense of everyone else.
Teacher, You live in two worlds
–We teachers live in two worlds: One is of collaboration and democracy. The other is of contest and domination. We do well in the first, but not the second.
So you want evidence of choice and charter problems?
— Evidence of the potential problems with proposed charter laws in Oklahoma and several states is easy to find in states where the same laws have been tried.
Cynical school choice stunts ramp up in Oklahoma
— Public school districts in Oklahoma have used magnet schools for years to combat racial segregation. But that's not what "school choice week" is about.
Does school choice mean that you choose the school?
— This is "School Choice Week". Does that mean that parents chose the school? Sometimes. More often, it really means that the school makes the choice.
Bait and switch with parent choice?
— A sweeping charter bill was defeated last year in the Oklahoma Legislature. So charter proponents have shifted back to promoting "parent choice".
Here comes the money
— With public schools in Oklahoma, the effort to move parents from the status of citizen to consumer has started in earnest. There's big money behind it, too.
Education reformers engineer a teacher brain drain
— Even though experienced teachers as a group have a high degree of love for their students and their work, they are leaving education in large numbers. Why?
Education reform is not disruptive innovation
— Education reformers love to strike a heroic pose as they refer to themselves as engaging in "disruptive innovation". But, that's not what they are doing.
Investors resist idea of society as stakeholder in public education
— American society used to be quite clear that all taxpayers paid for public education because all benefited. Not any more. What has changed? Investors.
Charters don't do it better or cheaper
— Investors' big spin on their own charter corporations is that they do education better, and for cheaper than those bad public schools. But they do neither.
Investors ready to liquidate public schools
— Plans are under way for investment corporations to execute the biggest conversion – some call it theft – of public schools property in U.S. history.
National Association of Charter School Authorizers (NACSA) Group:
1 in 5 charter schools not doing well enough to stay open
A group that oversees more than half of the nation's 5,600 charter schools said as many as
one in five U.S. charter schools should be shut down because of poor academic performance.
http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2019784379_charterschools29.html
RAHMWATCH: Water bills have doubled - Substance News #Chuy2015 #imwithchuy
RAHMWATCH: Water bills have doubled - Substance News:
RAHMWATCH: Since 2011, Rahm has doubled residential water (and sewer) bills. But that's not a 'tax increase', just one of those 'revenue enhancement' thingies Rahm's foisted on Chicago while scripting each chapter of 'Chicagoland'...
If you own a Chicago home, say in the "Bungalow Belt" (as I do), your water (and sewer) bill just came, and it's due next week. And if you've saved your paperwork (as we often do here in the "Bungalow Belt"), you will notice that since Rahm Emanuel was inaugurated as Mayor in May 2011, your water bill has doubled.
Yes, DOUBLED. So, to put it all in another context, while Chicago's mediagenic mayor was stuffing every corporate holiday stocking with gifts from our tax dollars (take your pick: the DePaul McCormick Place arena in one of my favorites, but far from the only one) he was picking our pockets, even for nickels and dimes.
This month, we have to pay a bill to CITY OF CHICAGO, DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE -- WATER BILLING in the amount of $563.83. That bill is due on St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 2015, although I doubt that our mayor will see the humor in all that part as he marches in one of the parades (if he dares by then show his face in public).
A mere four years ago, we were asked to pay a bill to CITY OF CHICAGO, DEPARTMENT OF WATER -- REVENUE DIVISION in the amount of $273.26. That bill was due on February 9, 2011, which was just after Chicago's voters elected Rahm Emanuel following that media blitz crafted by Rahm's video crew after he posed with all those black and brown people at the "L" stops and got the OK from Barack Obama in the mayor's race.
By my count, this year's $536.83 is more than double what we had to pay -- for the same water and sewer services -- when Richard M. Daley was still mayor. But, of course, Rahm hasn't "raised" taxes -- he's just been been ripping us off on just about everything else that working people pay in Chicago, while shoveling money out the door fast as he can to the kinds of people he worked with on Wall Street after talking to them for years about giving money for the elections of Richard M. Daley, or Bill Clinton, or Barack Obama -- and finally for Rahm himself. There are, RAHMWATCH: Water bills have doubled - Substance News:
Click here to go to Jesus "Chuy" Garcia for Mayor of Chicago Website
#Chuy2015 #imwithchuy
Title I & ESEA Reauthorization | The Crucial Voice of the People
Title I & ESEA Reauthorization | The Crucial Voice of the People:
Title I & ESEA Reauthorization
Does Congress and President Obama understand how Title I money was meant to be used? Looking at what they have proposed to date, it is a question in need of a good, clear answer.
A requirement in the original Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was that a presidentially appointed advisory council report yearly to the president. The National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children was to review the laws' progress with the programs and projects Title I funding supports.
In turn, the president was to report the findings to our Congress along with comments and further recommendations.
To do this responsibly and hold our government "accountable," we all need to understand Title I. Title I is the touchstone of ESEA.
The federal formula funding was distributed for assistance of "children of low-income families." The directive was to address the needs of "educationally deprived children,"which the architects understood would include more than just the low-income children given that the schools where the most funds would flow were "inherently unequal." Needs are going to vary from community to community but potentially all students in schools in low-income communities are at risk for being underserved.
Title I was to address the disadvantages CHILDREN face — economically, educationally, mentally, or physically "disadvantaged"— that were being ignored, or in some cases created, by state and local agencies.
The goal of ESEA was to provide equal access to quality education — that is how "equal opportunity" was defined.
To do so, we have to recognize the barriers "disadvantaged" students and their families face in our communities, schools, and classrooms and fully address those problems directly. Title I dollars flowed to meet the needs of CHILDREN from low-income Title I & ESEA Reauthorization | The Crucial Voice of the People:
A Call to Action featuring Diane Ravitch with Dr. Carol Burris
A Call to Action featuring Diane Ravitch @ LIU CW POST CAMPUS Tilles Center
Dr. Joseph Rella - Superintendent
Dr. Carol Burris - Principal
Beth Dimino - Teacher
Jeanette Deutermann - Parent
Moderated by Kevin Glynn
Sponsored by New York Principals.org and NYS Allies for Public Education
Fourth Generation Teacher: Hoosier School Heist Predicts Sooner School Stickup
Fourth Generation Teacher: Hoosier School Heist Predicts Sooner School Stickup:
Hoosier School Heist Predicts Sooner School Stickup
Thanks to the Oklahoma Observer for the cartoon.
I was born in Indiana, started my career in Indiana. Most of my family of educators taught there. So, I was saddened to read Hoosier School Heist by Doug Martin, about the systematic destruction of public schools in Indiana. I learned about this book from Justin Oakely, an education activist who was teaching in the district I started teaching: Martinsville Public Schools. The illustrious John Wooden of UCLA fame also started his career in Martinsville.
Oklahoma and Indiana school systems were once ruled by Chiefs for Change, Jeb Bush's cadre of school-choice proponents. Indiana was the first to show their Chief, the vilified Tony Bennett, the door. His opponent, Glenda Ritz, earned more votes than the governor or Mitt Romney. I was proud when our Chief came in dead last in the Republican primary. Despite these victories, reformers are clearly in charge.
Until I read this book, I didn't know how bad it was in Indiana. How far down the path of privatized education my beloved home state has gone. I see this book as a cautionary tale for us in Oklahoma. We must pay attention.
Indiana's charter laws are much more lenient than ours. For-profits, online schools, religious schools have all been welcomed with open arms and open palms accepting donations. Vouchers are equally wide open. Public schools have been stolen. And Martin traces the story, one Foundation, one player, one payoff, one school at a time.
Martin systematically uncovers the agenda of several big players: the pretend liberals, the "Free-market Jesus" religious interests, and the government-corporate complex. All coming from a different place ideologically, they converged in a perfect storm attack on public schools.
The Pretend-Liberal Saviors include KIPP, the no-excuse charter chain, and Annie E. Casey Foundation, which does great work for kids. But they also funnel funding to groups who want to privatize education, including Teach for America, Stand for Children, and Democrats For Education Reform. These groups, as well as Bill Gates, use the language of liberals to push an agenda that will kill public schools. Free-market charters and vouchers to private schools are their tools; profit their aim.
Martin traces the work of religious groups in Indiana. Starting with the John Birch Society, he discusses groups funded and supported by the power brokers: Excellence Through Choice in Education, supported by Dan Quayle (yes, Dan, P-O-T-A-T-O-E, Quayle), John Bennett, and the Friedman Foundation. Others include Excellence Education for Everyone and Institute for Fourth Generation Teacher: Hoosier School Heist Predicts Sooner School Stickup:
John White Now Chairs Jeb Bush's Seriously Dwindling "Chiefs for Change" | deutsch29
John White Now Chairs Jeb Bush's Seriously Dwindling "Chiefs for Change" | deutsch29:
John White Now Chairs Jeb Bush's Seriously Dwindling "Chiefs for Change"
Louisiana Superintendent John White has just been made chair of Jeb Bush's privatizing-reform superintendent's club, Chiefs for Change.
Now, that reads really fancy, until one notices that Jeb's little club is, well, little.
As of March 10, 2015, it boasts only four members, down from 13 in October 2014.
Reminds me of dwindling PARCC– also once connected to Jeb Bush via his headquarter turf, the State of Florida.
But back to "failing" Chiefs for Change:
So, White is "leading" three other "chiefs": Rhode Island's Deborah Gist; Delaware's Mark Murphy, and New Mexico's Hannah Skandera.
It's not just the few that is unimpressive here. It's the who.
Let's start with Gist:
Deborah Gist is on her way out as RI state super and will land in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where her new appointment sparked a teacher protest. Even though Arne Duncanput his federal nose in RI business by trying to have Gist reappointed as state super, the RI state board allowed the deadline to pass for Gist's RI contract renewal.
And now, Skandera:
After four years of being allowed to operate as New Mexico's commissioner of education without officially being confirmed, on February 16, 2015, Hanna Skandera was confirmed by a NM Senate committee vote of 22-19, and not without noted reservation:
Critics [of Skandera's confirmation] , including Democratic lawmakers and teachers unions, blame Skandera for excessive testing, low teacher morale and a greater reliance on private educational firms — including the publishing and assessment giant Pearson Education — that has led to further privatization of public education in the state.
Democratic senators in opposition Monday argued that Skandera, who never worked as a teacher or principal, does not meet the criteria for the job set by the state constitution, which states that the secretary of the education department must be a "qualified experienced educator."
Sen. Bill Soules, D-Las Cruces, told the assembly, "This appointment covers none of that."
Other opponents, including Sen. Howie Morales, D-Silver City, questioned Skandera's trustworthiness. He said Skandera recently misled the Senate Finance Committee when she said a day of pilot testing for the new Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers, or PARCC, system was not mandatory for districts when a promotional flyer for the event made it clear that it was.
"Pearson blows her whistle, and she marches," Sen. Gerald Ortiz y Pino, D-
CT Superintendent to go with unethical "sit and stare" policy for students opted out of Common Core Test - Wait What?
CT Superintendent to go with unethical "sit and stare" policy for students opted out of Common Core Test - Wait What?:
CT Superintendent to go with unethical "sit and stare" policy for students opted out of Common Core Test
Since unethical government policies lead to unethical actions, it was only a matter of time before some education official turned the whole Common Core SBAC testing farce into something even more reprehensible.
Enter West Haven Connecticut School Superintendent Neil Cavallero who earns an "F" for his proposed policy on handling children whose parents have opted them out of the Common Core SBAC testing.
As the saying goes, the story pretty much says it all when it comes to the state of public education in Connecticut.
As readers of this blog know, Connecticut Democratic Governor Dannel Malloy and his State Department of Education continue to claim that federal and state laws prohibit parents from opting their children out of the unfair, inappropriate and discriminatory Common Core Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) testing scheme.
Just last week, Malloy's Interim Commissioner of Education, Dianna R. Wentzell, issued a directive to all local school superintendents informing them that the Common Core SBAC testing program was mandatory and that, "These laws do not provide a provision for parent's to 'opt-out' their children from the taking these tests."
However, with more and more serious questions being raised about the validity and appropriateness of the Common Core SBAC tests, record numbers of Connecticut parents and guardians are informing their local school districts that their children WILL NOT be participating in the destructive Common Core SBAC tests.
Some towns are reporting that the number of parents opting their students out of the Common Core testing is three times higher than last year when students were told they were taking the SBAC test of a test.
Connecticut parents know, or are coming to realize, that no edict from a government official can take away their inalienable and constitutionally guaranteed right to protect their children when it comes to deciding whether their public school student will or will not be taking the Common Core SBAC tests.
In addition, there is absolutely no federal or state law, regulation or policy that allows the government or school district to punish the child (or the parent) should the parent decide to refuse to allow their child to participate in the SBAC testing.
Unlike the state's truancy laws that do hold children and parents liable for failing to go to school, there is simply no mechanism for the state or school district to require students to take the Common Core SBAC test.
That said the Malloy administration's untenable position that opting out is "against" the law has put local school superintendents into an extremely difficult position.
Do school superintendents follow orders from above and turn their backs on the parents CT Superintendent to go with unethical "sit and stare" policy for students opted out of Common Core Test - Wait What?:
Ohio's First Public School Hundred-Millionaire: ECOT Founder William Lager
Ohio's First Public School Hundred-Millionaire: ECOT Founder William Lager:
The Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow (ECOT) is the largest charter school in the state of Ohio. The online school is easily the largest charter school in Ohio, is larger than the vast majority of Ohio's traditional school districts, and received over $88 million in state funding last school year. This year that amount is expected to jump to over $92 million.
On the latest report cards released by the Ohio Department of Education, ECOT continues to rank below all of the 8 large urban schools that are often-criticized by legislators and in the media for their "sub-par" performance.
For graduation rate, a key indicator for the long-term success of a school/district, ECOT's 4-year graduation rate is a paltry 35.3%, while their 5-year graduation rate of 37.8%, which is only slightly higher, was still over 25 points worse than the lowest urban school district, Cleveland, which checked in at 63.3%. While we now see the legislature writing laws to specifically regulate Cleveland and Columbus more tightly, the charter school laws that apply to ECOT continue to be more lax.
And while the data on performance for this school of 13,836 students (11th largest "district" in the Ohio) is bad enough, the financial games played by the school's owner/operator are even worse. We wrote a comprehensive piece about ECOT back in 2011, but since then the school has continued to grow and continued to siphon ever larger sums of money away from higher-performing schools.
On December 8, our post, Ohio's Largest Taxpayer-Funded Charter School, ECOT, Receives Bonus Check, described how the school was up for approval of an additional $2.9 million dollar bonus from Governor Kasich's Straight A Fund.
On December 10, we posted a follow-up, ECOT Founder Living VERY Well Off Ohio's School Funding Dollars, where we went into greater detail about the financial games being played and won by ECOT's Founder, William Lager.
Today, we have another update to the political donations and financial windfall experienced by Lager.
First, Lager's history of political donations (to Ohio's legislators, of course) goes back further than we first posted, and his 2013 donations have increased. The new numbers, according to the Ohio Secretary of State's Campaign Finance website:
Over the last four years, Lager's average annual donation amount is $180,177.62. For some perspective, the Toledo Public School District recently hired a new superintendent to a five-year contract. Toledo has better performance numbers than ECOT and serves nearly twice as many students, and the new superintendent will make an annual salary of $175,000 — $5,000 LESS than Lager donates on an annual basis!!!
How can Lager afford to donate so much? It's because of the sweet deals he gets as the owner of the private companies that have a monopoly on the services that his charter school, ECOT, contracts for management and delivery of curriculum. Shortly after our December 10 post, the Ohio Auditor of State released the 2013 audit of ECOT, so we've updated our numbers from that post. Here is the money that goes directly from the state of Ohio to Lager's private companies after being funneled through ECOT:
In addition, the State Controlling Board approved that "bonus" of $2,951,755 to ECOT, of which Lager's private company, IQ Innovations, will receive $2,725,250.
Why did the Controlling Board unanimously approve this additional funding Ohio's First Public School Hundred-Millionaire: ECOT Founder William Lager:
Big Education Ape: Charter spent $2.27M on advertising | The Columbus Dispatch http://bit.ly/1ETD7mt
Big Education Ape: Report Slams Virtual Charter Schools That Graduate Just 36% Of Students - BuzzFeed News http://bit.ly/1AVX7nl
The Ghost of Derrick Bell: Racial Realism and the Myth of a Colorblind America by Dr Lori Martin
With A Brooklyn Accent: The Ghost of Derrick Bell: Racial Realism and the Myth of a Colorblind America by Dr Lori Martin:
Thousands made the historic voyage to Selma, Alabama over the weekend to commemorate Bloody Sunday. Fifty years ago brave men, women, boys, and girls sacrificed their bodies to move the nation closer to realizing the values upon which the country was founded. While the signs directing people to race-specific neighborhoods, schools, bathrooms, and the like, are long gone the structures that differentiate access to valued resources such as, wealth, status, and power are still very much in place.
President Obama spoke of racial progress but also acknowledged that racism is alive and well in America. At the foot of a bridge, named after a confederate solider and member of the Ku Klux Klan, President Obama made note of the recent report from Department of Justice on the Ferguson Police Department, which highlighted a pattern of unequal treatment directed towards people of color and included emails containing disparaging remarks about blacks including, President Obama and the First Lady.
The report is just one manifestation of contemporary racism in America. The video that surfaced of a fraternity formerly of Oklahoma University, where members used a racial slur and made mention of the practice of lynching, is another. The killings of unarmed black men including, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Trayvon Martin, and Michael Brown are also manifestations of racism in the 21st century, using all too familiar tactics. The very attack on the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which was passed due in large part to the brutality of Bloody Sunday, is even further evidence that racism is a live and well.
With chants of "Black Lives Matter" and continued assaults on the basic civil and human rights of communities of color it is hard, if not disingenuous, to make the case that the dominant racial narrative is one best characterized by progress. If we are to use the term progress to describe changes in race relations over time, then we should draw from the writings of the late Derrick Bell.
In a 1992 article in Connecticut Law Review, Bell described a hard truth that will save this and future generations feelings of helplessness, powerlessness, and disappointment. Bell defined "peaks of progress, short-lived victories that slide into irrelevance as racial patterns adapt in ways that maintain white dominance." The integration of modern-day baseball and the persistence in racial inequality in sports; the Brown v. Board of Education case and continuing school segregation; and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and restrictive voter identification laws; all support Bell's claim.
While controversial and unpopular with contemporary change makers, the racial realism that Bell spoke of "is simply a hard-eyed view of racism as it is." The ghost of Derrick Bell, a legal scholar and civil rights activist, criesWith A Brooklyn Accent: The Ghost of Derrick Bell: Racial Realism and the Myth of a Colorblind America by Dr Lori Martin:
No Rich Child Left Behind - NYTimes.com
No Rich Child Left Behind - NYTimes.com:
No Rich Child Left Behind
Here's a fact that may not surprise you: the children of the rich perform better in school, on average, than children from middle-class or poor families. Students growing up in richer families have better grades and higher standardized test scores, on average, than poorer students; they also have higher rates of participation in extracurricular activities and school leadership positions, higher graduation rates and higher rates of college enrollment and completion.
Whether you think it deeply unjust, lamentable but inevitable, or obvious and unproblematic, this is hardly news. It is true in most societies and has been true in the United States for at least as long as we have thought to ask the question and had sufficient data to verify the answer.
What is news is that in the United States over the last few decades these differences in educational success between high- and lower-income students have grown substantially.
One way to see this is to look at the scores of rich and poor students on standardized math and reading tests over the last 50 years. When I did this using information from a dozen large national studies conducted between 1960 and 2010, I found that the rich-poor gap in test scores is about 40 percent larger now than it was 30 years ago.
To make this trend concrete, consider two children, one from a family with income of $165,000 and one from a family with income of $15,000. These incomes are at the 90th and 10th percentiles of the income distribution nationally, meaning that 10 percent of children today grow up in families with incomes below $15,000 and 10 percent grow up in families with incomes above $165,000.
In the 1980s, on an 800-point SAT-type test scale, the average difference in test scores between two such children would have been about 90 points; today it is 125 points. This is almost twice as large as the 70-point test score gap between white and black children. Family income is now a better predictor of children's success in school than race.
The same pattern is evident in other, more tangible, measures of educational success, like college completion. In a study similar to mine, Martha J. Bailey and Susan M. Dynarski, economists at the University of Michigan, found that the proportion of students from upper-income families who earn a bachelor's degree has increased by 18 percentage points over a 20-year period, while the completion rate of poor students has grown by only 4 points.
In a more recent study, my graduate students and I found that 15 percent of high-income students from the high school class of 2004 enrolled in a highly selective college or university, while fewer than 5 percent of middle-income and 2 percent of low-income students did.
These widening disparities are not confined to academic outcomes: new research by the Harvard political scientist Robert D. Putnam and his colleagues shows that the rich-poor gaps in student participation in sports, extracurricular activities, volunteer work and church attendance have grown sharply as well.
In San Francisco this week, more than 14,000 educators and education scholars have gathered for the annual meeting of theAmerican Educational Research Association. The theme this year is No Rich Child Left Behind - NYTimes.com:
Broward School Board says state needs to fix charter school mess, rejects $3.3 million grant - Sun Sentinel
Broward School Board says state needs to fix charter school mess, rejects $3.3 million grant - Sun Sentinel:
Broward rejects $3 million grant to lure charter schools
The Broward School Board overwhelmingly rejected a $3.3 million state grant on Tuesday to recruit successful charter-school companies to save their failing counterparts in the district.
Board members insisted it was the state's responsibility to tighten the charter school laws that allowed floundering schools to open in the first place and continue to operate.
"I am not in the business of going and cleaning up low-performing charter schools that take our money, that purchase things they shouldn't be purchasing," said board member Robin Bartleman. "The state needs to clean up the mess they created by not regulating them."
Charter schools receive public dollars but are run by independent governing boards.
But districts say charter school laws are too lenient, making them easy to open and difficult to shutter if they fail. A dozen charter schools in Broward are on two-year improvement plans because they earned D or F grades; 21 others have closed since 2012.
"The whole idea behind charter schools is that they can do it better than us," said board member Laurie Rich Levinson, who also opposed the grant. She said 37 percent of charter schools had C, D or F grades. "It's not our job to match up management companies with low performing schools and turn those schools around."
Superintendent Robert Runcie said the grant was an opportunity for the district to change the dynamic of when and where charter schools open. State law mandates local school districts to approve or deny new charter schools solely on applications that outline their plans in areas including instruction, mission and budget.
"Right now they just really show up anywhere. There isn't the type of relationship there needs to be with the community and district," he said.
Under the grant, the district would request proposals from applicants and conduct a rigorous review to include past performance. Approved management companies would partner with interested low-performing schools.
"To me this makes sense, to help those schools now while we wait to see other things that trickle down from Legislature," said board member Donna Korn. "I don't see them Broward School Board says state needs to fix charter school mess, rejects $3.3 million grant - Sun Sentinel:
lRelated
Districts seek state reforms on testing, charter schools
The Numbers Add Up To This: Less And Less Opportunity For Poor Kids : NPR
The Numbers Add Up To This: Less And Less Opportunity For Poor Kids : NPR:
The Numbers Add Up To This: Less And Less Opportunity For Poor Kids
In this country, all children are supposed to have a shot at success — a chance to jump "from rags to riches" in one generation.
Even if riches remain out of reach, then the belief has been that every hard-working American should be able to go from poverty to the middle class.
On Tuesday, a book and a separate study are being released — both turning up evidence that the one-generation leap is getting harder to accomplish in an economy so tied to education, technological know-how and networking.
Harvard political scientist Robert Putnam's new book,Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis, argues that the United States is losing its status as a land of opportunity for all.
Here's the central idea: In the American Dream, upward mobility is available to all, limited only by ability and effort, not class. But Putnam assembles data to show that an "opportunity gap" has emerged here, making an upward climb much tougher in the 21st century, compared with the mid-20th century.
Putnam says a child born to married, college-educated parents has a very good chance of enjoying a comfortable life, rooted in formal education and personal connections; a child raised by a lightly educated single parent is starting the economic race wearing concrete shoes. The chances of catching up to the middle class are slim.
A separate study published Tuesday by the Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire uses state-by-state data to underscore the problems. A look through the state slides shows a shifting landscape of opportunities for young people.
The study, which used data stretching back to 1960, shows that the most affluent 20 percent of families have seen their incomes (adjusted for inflation) rise steadily at a high pitch. People who were doing well in the 1960s have watched their children and now grandchildren move up in wealth.
From 1960 to 1970, income was moving up for the poor and middle-income earners as The Numbers Add Up To This: Less And Less Opportunity For Poor Kids : NPR:
For NC charter schools, a spotty record on fulfilling promises | News & Observer News & Observer
For NC charter schools, a spotty record on fulfilling promises | News & Observer News & Observer:
For NC charter schools, a spotty record on fulfilling promises
North Carolina's charter schools are accountable to the State Board of Education for ensuring compliance with the provisions of their charters and applicable laws. But how well are they delivering on the promises that earned them the right to spend more than $380 million taxpayer dollars each year?
Our analysis shows many charters are not making the grade.
We reviewed the charter applications of all 100 charter schools operating in North Carolina during the 2010-2011 school year, just before the General Assembly removed the cap of 100 schools. (There are now 147 charter schools). Using information on school websites, in parent handbooks and in some cases telephone calls, we compared schools' performance during that year to the commitments they made in their initial charter applications.
On average, these pioneering schools promised in their applications to maintain an 18:1 ratio of students to teachers. By 2011, the average was closer to 22:1. Likewise, charter applicants predicted 80 percent of their students would achieve proficiency on standardized tests. In reality, 71 percent did.
Most distressing are the findings related to the provision of transportation and lunch services, given that serving "at-risk" and low-income students was an initial goal of the state's charter school enabling legislation.
Although charter schools are not legally required to provide transportation to their students, 64 of the initial 100 charter schools in North Carolina pledged to do so in their charter applications. Yet only 33 were doing so in 2011.
Likewise, 62 of the original charters promised to provide lunch to their students even though they had no legal obligation to do so. In fact, only 43 of them were doing so.
These services are essential for any school hoping to attract substantial numbers of minority and low-income students. Largely because so many charter schools do not offer transportation and lunch, as a group they have increased racial and socio-economic segregation in North Carolina'sFor NC charter schools, a spotty record on fulfilling promises | News & Observer News & Observer:
Read more here: http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/op-ed/article13130276.html#storylink=cpy
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Canuck Quilter: Eclipse Sky made its debut!
I should have known you would have something like this up your sleeve! This just makes the moon rise! You and your husband are so creative, and this creation is especially beautiful! Enjoy your trip, and be careful! ---"Love"
Beautiful!! And so apropos. Love it!
Eclipse Sky is a beautiful quilt. I wonder where your next quilty inspiration will come from.
what a fantastic quilt and I think you chose well the quilting designs. Delighted to read that the trunk show was a success. Gosh I would have liked to have been there to meet you and see your quilts. Rather envious of your trip to Missouri Star Quilt Company. Have a great trip!
This is absolutely genius! You've certainly raised the bar in the quilt design department.
Love it! What a great idea for a quilt.
Beautiful Eclipse! Glad your trunk show went well.
This quilt is so cool, and lovely too.
LOVE this! Beautiful and the quilting is perfect.
I'm jealous of you for being in such a great spot to see this in all its glory, as well as to get to go to THE quilt shop!!! Have a blast (ha blast off to the moon, didn't think of that until I wrote that) and as I told you on Instagram this is just magnificent Joanne! As is the quilting--YAY you!
Oh, I LOVE this. I love the colors, and the layout, the stars, how you quilted it. Congrats, it is beautiful.
Your quilt is fantastic! I really like it, lots! ! !
That is too cool!!! As I'm commenting, I'm waiting to see the eclipse from our front yard. I woke up about 3:00 AM today and couldn't get back to sleep because I started thinking about the eclipse! It would be nice to commemorate the event with a quilt.
Now that we've all seen the 2017 eclipse (most of us by TV of course), I just have to say again what a great quilt you designed. If I had not seen it before the eclipse, I'd have been very surprised that your design is really so in line with what we all saw. Absolute perfection! ---"Love"
What a beautiful design! This one is on my wish list now that we have seen the eclipse and plan on going to the next one. So well done!!
My son and his girlfriend were engaged at the complete eclipse so I think I need to make this for them!!!


text:
Q: Annotation of the node of neural network: Here is the code of the neural network representation:
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{bbold}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}

\def\layersep{2.5cm}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,->,draw=black!50, node distance=\layersep]
    \tikzstyle{every pin edge}=[<-,shorten <=1pt]
    \tikzstyle{neuron}=[circle,fill=black!25,minimum size=17pt,inner sep=0pt]
    \tikzstyle{input neuron}=[neuron, fill=green!50];
    \tikzstyle{output neuron}=[neuron, fill=red!50];
    \tikzstyle{hidden neuron}=[neuron, fill=blue!50];
    \tikzstyle{annot} = [text width=4em, text centered]

    % Draw the input layer nodes
    \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,3}
    % This is the same as writing \foreach \name / \y in {1/1,2/2,3/3,4/4}
        \node[input neuron, pin=left:Input \#\y] (I-\name) at (0,-\y) {};

    % Draw the hidden layer nodes
    \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,4}
        \path[yshift=0.5cm]
            node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {};

    % Draw the output layer node
    \node[output neuron,pin={[pin edge={->}]right:Output}, right of=H-2] (O) {};

    % Connect every node in the input layer with every node in the
    % hidden layer.
    \foreach \source in {1,...,3}
        \foreach \dest in {1,...,4}
            \path (I-\source) edge (H-\dest);

    % Connect every node in the hidden layer with the output layer
    \foreach \source in {1,...,4}
        \path (H-\source) edge (O);

    % Annotate the layers
    \node[annot,above of=H-1, node distance=1cm] (hl) {$a{[1]}$};
    \node[annot,left of=hl] {$a{[0]}$};
    \node[annot,right of=hl] {$a{[2]}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

I want to annotate each node(to write some text inside each circle). How can I do it?

A:
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{bbold}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}

\def\layersep{2.5cm}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,->,draw=black!50, node distance=\layersep]
\tikzset{every pin edge/.style={<-,shorten <=1pt},
    neuron/.style={circle,fill=black!25,minimum size=17pt,inner sep=0pt},
    input neuron/.style={neuron, fill=green!50},
    output neuron/.style={neuron, fill=red!50},
    hidden neuron/.style={neuron, fill=blue!50},
    annot/.style={text width=4em, text centered}
    }

    % Draw the input layer nodes
    \foreach \y/\Txt in {1/feep,2/dunno,3/why}
    % This is the same as writing \foreach \name / \y in {1/1,2/2,3/3,4/4}
        \node[input neuron, pin=left:Input \#\y] (I-\y) at (0,-\y) {\Txt};

    % Draw the hidden layer nodes
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        \path[yshift=0.5cm]
            node[hidden neuron] (H-\y) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {\Txt};

    % Draw the output layer node
    \node[output neuron,pin={[pin edge={->}]right:Output}, right of=H-2] (O)
    {stuff};

    % Connect every node in the input layer with every node in the
    % hidden layer.
    \foreach \source in {1,...,3}
        \foreach \dest in {1,...,4}
            \path (I-\source) edge (H-\dest);

    % Connect every node in the hidden layer with the output layer
    \foreach \source in {1,...,4}
        \path (H-\source) edge (O);

    % Annotate the layers
    \node[annot,above of=H-1, node distance=1cm] (hl) {$a{[1]}$};
    \node[annot,left of=hl] {$a{[0]}$};
    \node[annot,right of=hl] {$a{[2]}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fountain (Duchamp)
Marcel Duchamp Fountain, 1917, photograph by Alfred Stieglitz at 291 (art gallery) following the 1917 Society of Independent Artists exhibit, with entry tag visible. The backdrop is The Warriors by Marsden Hartley.[1]
Fountain is a readymade sculpture produced by Marcel Duchamp in 1917: a porcelain urinal signed "R.Mutt". In April 1917, an ordinary piece of plumbing chosen by Duchamp was submitted for an exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists, the inaugural exhibition by the Society to be staged at The Grand Central Palace in New York. In Duchamp's presentation, the urinal's orientation was altered from its usual positioning.[2][3][4] Fountain was not rejected by the committee, since Society rules stated that all works would be accepted from artists who paid the fee, but the work was never placed in the show area.[5] Following that removal, Fountain was photographed at Alfred Stieglitz's studio, and the photo published in The Blind Man. The original has been lost.
The work is regarded by art historians and theorists of the avant-garde as a major landmark in 20th-century art. Sixteen replicas were commissioned from Duchamp in the 1950s and 1960s and made to his approval.[6] Some scholars have suggested that the original work was by a female artist rather than Duchamp, but this is a minority view among historians.[2][7][8]
OriginEdit
Eljer Co. Highest Quality Two-Fired Vitreous China Catalogue 1918 Bedfordshire No. 700
Marcel Duchamp arrived in the United States less than two years prior to the creation of Fountain and had become involved with Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Beatrice Wood amongst others in the creation of an anti-rational, anti-art, proto-Dada cultural movement in New York City.[9][10][11]
In early 1917, rumors spread that Duchamp was working on a Cubist painting titled Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating, in preparation for the largest exhibition of modern art ever to take place in the United States.[12] When Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating did not appear at the show, those who had expected to see it were disappointed.[13] But the painting likely never existed.[5][14]
The Blind Man, No. 2, New York, 1917, p. 5, by Louise Norton. The article included a photo of the piece and a letter by Alfred Stieglitz, and writings by Louise Norton, Beatrice Wood and Walter Arensberg[15]
The Blind Man, No. 2, New York, 1917, p. 6, by Louise Norton
Fountain reproduced in The Blind Man, No. 2, New York, 1917
Jean Crotti, 1915, Portrait of Marcel Duchamp (Sculpture made to measure), mixed media. Exhibited Montross Gallery 4–22 April 1916, New York City. Sculpture lost or destroyed[16]
According to one version, the creation of Fountain began when, accompanied by artist Joseph Stella and art collector Walter Arensberg, Duchamp purchased a standard Bedfordshire model urinal from the J. L. Mott Iron Works, 118 Fifth Avenue. The artist brought the urinal to his studio at 33 West 67th Street, reoriented it 90 degrees[2][3] from its originally intended position of use,[17][4][18] and wrote on it, "R. Mutt 1917".[19][20] Duchamp elaborated:
Mutt comes from Mott Works, the name of a large sanitary equipment manufacturer. But Mott was too close so I altered it to Mutt, after the daily cartoon strip "Mutt and Jeff" which appeared at the time, and with which everyone was familiar. Thus, from the start, there was an interplay of Mutt: a fat little funny man, and Jeff: a tall thin man... I wanted any old name. And I added Richard [French slang for money-bags]. That's not a bad name for a pissotière. Get it? The opposite of poverty. But not even that much, just R. MUTT.[2][7]
At the time Duchamp was a board member of the Society of Independent Artists. After much debate by the board members (most of whom did not know Duchamp had submitted it) about whether the piece was or was not art, Fountain was hidden from view during the show.[21] Duchamp resigned from the Board, and "withdrew" Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating in protest.[5] "Fountain", wrote the committee, "may be a very useful object in its place, but its place is not an art exhibition, and it is by no definition, a work of art."[22] For this reason the work was "suppressed" (Duchamp's expression).[4]
No, not rejected. A work can't be rejected by the Independents. It was simply suppressed. I was on the jury, but I wasn't consulted, because the officials didn't know that it was I who had sent it in; I had written the name "Mutt" on it to avoid connection with the personal. The "Fountain" was simply placed behind a partition and, for the duration of the exhibition, I didn't know where it was. I couldn't say that I had sent the thing, but I think the organizers knew it through gossip. No one dared mention it. I had a falling out with them, and retired from the organization. After the exhibition, we found the "Fountain" again, behind a partition, and I retrieved it! (Marcel Duchamp, 1971)[23]
The New York Dadaists stirred controversy about Fountain and its being rejected in the second issue of The Blind Man which included a photo of the piece and a letter by Alfred Stieglitz, and writings by Louise Norton, Beatrice Wood and Arensberg.[15] The editorial, written by Louise Norton, accompanying the photograph, entitled "The Richard Mutt Case",[24] made a claim that would prove to be important concerning certain works of art that would come after it:
Whether Mr Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He CHOSE it. He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of view – created a new thought for that object.[15]
In defense of the work being art, Norton also wrote, "The only works of art America has given are her plumbing and her bridges."[15] Duchamp described his intent with the piece was to shift the focus of art from physical craft to intellectual interpretation.
In a letter dated 23 April 1917, Stieglitz wrote of the photograph he took of Fountain: "The "Urinal" photograph is really quite a wonder—Everyone who has seen it thinks it beautiful—And it's true—it is. It has an oriental look about it—a cross between a Buddha and a Veiled Woman."[2][25]
In 1918, Mercure de France published an article attributed to Guillaume Apollinaire stating Fountain, originally titled "le Bouddha de la salle de bain" (Buddha of the bathroom), represented a sitting Buddha.[26] The motive invoked for its refusal at the Independents were that the entry was (1) immoral and vulgar, (2) it was plagiarism, a commercial piece of plumbing.[15] R. Mutt responded, according to Apollinaire, that the work was not immoral since similar pieces could be seen every day exposed in plumbing and bath supply stores.[15][26] On the second point, R. Mutt pointed out that the fact Fountain was not made by the hand of the artist was unimportant. The importance was in the choice made by the artist.[26] The artist chose an object of every-day life, erased its usual significance by giving it a new title, and from this point of view, gave a new purely esthetic meaning to the object.[15][26]
Menno Hubregtse argues that Duchamp may have chosen Fountain as a readymade because it parodied Robert J. Coady's exaltation of industrial machines as pure forms of American art.[27] Coady, who championed his call for American art in his publication The Soil, printed a scathing review of Jean Crotti's Portrait of Marcel Duchamp (Sculpture Made to Measure) in the December 1916 issue. Hubregtse notes that Duchamp's urinal may have been a clever response to Coady's comparison of Crotti's sculpture with "the absolute expression of a—plumber."[28]
Some have contested that Duchamp created Fountain, but rather assisted in submitting the piece to the Society of Independent Artists for a female friend. In a letter dated 11 April 1917 Duchamp wrote to his sister Suzanne: "Une de mes amies sous un pseudonyme masculin, Richard Mutt, avait envoyé une pissotière en porcelaine comme sculpture" ("One of my female friends under a masculine pseudonym, Richard Mutt, sent in a porcelain urinal as a sculpture.")[29][30][31] Duchamp never identified his female friend, but three candidates have been proposed: an early appearance of Duchamp's female alter ego Rrose Sélavy;[2][7] the Dadaist Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven;[30][32] or Louise Norton (a Dada poet later married to the avant-garde French composer Edgard Varèse),[33] who contributed an essay to The Blind Man discussing Fountain,[15] and whose address is partially discernible on the paper entry ticket in the Stieglitz photograph.[34] On one hand, the fact that Duchamp wrote 'sent' not 'made', does not indicate that someone else created the work.[2] Furthermore, there is no documentary or testimonial evidence that suggests von Freytag created Fountain.[2] On the other hand, more resent research has uncovered a New York Article Evening Herald article that claims Fountain was sent into the exhibition from Philadelphia which was where Freytag-Loringhoven was living during this period.[35]
Shortly after its initial exhibition, Fountain was lost. According to Duchamp biographer Calvin Tomkins, the best guess is that it was thrown out as rubbish by Stieglitz, a common fate of Duchamp's early readymades.[36]
The reaction engendered by Fountain continued for weeks following the exhibition submission. An article was published in Boston on 25 April 1917:
A Philadelphian, Richard Mutt, member of the society, and not related to our friend of the "Mutt and Jeff" cartoons, submitted a bathroom fixture as a "work of art." The official record of the episode of its removal says:
"Richard Mutt threatens to sue the directors because they removed the bathroom fixture, mounted on a pedestal, which he submitted as a 'work of art.' Some of the directors wanted it to remain, in view of the society's ruling of 'no jury' to decide on the merits of the 2500 paintings and sculptures submitted. Other directors maintained that it was indecent at a meeting and the majority voted it down. As a result of this Marcel Duchamp retired from the Board. Mr. Mutt now wants more than his dues returned. He wants damages."[37][38]
The first reproduction of Fountain was authorized by Duchamp in 1950 for an exhibition in New York; two more individual pieces followed in 1953 and 1963, and then an artist's multiple was manufactured in an edition of eight in 1964.[39] These editions ended up in a number of important public collections; Indiana University Art Museum, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Canada, Centre Georges Pompidou and Tate Modern. The edition of eight was manufactured from glazed earthenware painted to resemble the original porcelain, with a signature reproduced in black paint.[2]
InterpretationsEdit
Of all the artworks in this series of readymades, Fountain is perhaps the best known because the symbolic meaning of the toilet takes the conceptual challenge posed by the readymades to their most visceral extreme.[40] Similarly, philosopher Stephen Hicks[41] argued that Duchamp, who was quite familiar with the history of European art, was obviously making a provocative statement with Fountain:
The artist is a not great creator—Duchamp went shopping at a plumbing store. The artwork is not a special object—it was mass-produced in a factory. The experience of art is not exciting and ennobling—at best it is puzzling and mostly leaves one with a sense of distaste. But over and above that, Duchamp did not select just any ready-made object to display. In selecting the urinal, his message was clear: Art is something you piss on.[41]
Since the photograph taken by Stieglitz is the only image of the original sculpture, there are some interpretations of Fountain by looking not only at reproductions but this particular photograph. Tomkins notes:
"Arensberg had referred to a 'lovely form' and it does not take much stretching of the imagination to see in the upside-down urinal's gently flowing curves the veiled head of a classic Renaissance Madonna or a seated Buddha or, perhaps more to the point, one of Brâncuși's polished erotic forms."[1][42]
The meaning (if any) and intention of both the piece and the signature "R. Mutt", are difficult to pin down precisely. It is not clear whether Duchamp had in mind the German "Armut" (meaning "poverty"), or possibly "Urmutter" (meaning "great mother").[30] The name R. Mutt could also be a play on its commercial origins or on the famous comic strip of the time, Mutt and Jeff (making the urinal perhaps the first work of art based on a comic).[43] Duchamp said the R stood for Richard, French slang for "moneybags", which makes Fountain a kind of scatological golden calf.[20]
Rhonda Roland Shearer in the online journal Tout-Fait (2000) suspects that the Stieglitz photograph is a composite of different photos, while other scholars such as William Camfield have never been able to match the urinal shown in the photo to any urinals found in the catalogues of the time period.[7]
In a 1964 interview with Otto Hahn, Duchamp suggested he purposefully selected a urinal because it was disagreeable. The choice of a urinal, according to Duchamp, "sprang from the idea of making an experiment concerned with taste: choose the object which has the least chance of being liked. A urinal-very few people think there is anything wonderful about a urinal."[18][44]
Rudolf E. Kuenzli states, in Dada and Surrealist Film (1996), after describing how various readymades are presented or displayed: "This decontextualization of the object's functional place draws attention to the creation of its artistic meaning by the choice of the setting and positioning ascribed to the object." He goes on to explain the importance of naming the object (ascribing a title). At least three factors came into play: the choice of object, the title, and how it was modified, if at all, from its 'normal' position or location. By virtue of placing a urinal on a pedestal in an art exhibition, the illusion of an artwork was created.[45]
Duchamp drew an ink copy of the 1917 Stieglitz photograph in 1964 for the cover of an exhibition catalogue, Marcel Duchamp: Ready-mades, etc., 1913–1964. The illustration appeared as a photographic negative. Later, Duchamp made a positive version, titled Mirrorical Return (Renvoi miroirique; 1964). Dalia Judovitz writes:
Structured as an emblem, the visual and linguistic elements set up a punning interplay that helps us to explore further the mechanisms that Fountain actively stages. On the one hand, there is the mirror-effect of the drawing and the etching, which although they are almost identical visually, involve an active switch from one artistic medium to the other. On the other hand, there is the internal mirrorical return of the image itself, since this urinal, like the one in 1917, has been rotated ninety degrees. This internal rotation disqualifies the object from its common use as a receptacle, and reactivates its poetic potential as a fountain; that is, as a machine for waterworks. The "splash" generated by Fountain is thus tied to its "mirrorical return," like the faucet in the title.[4]
During the 1950s and 1960s, as Fountain and other readymades were rediscovered, Duchamp became a cultural icon in the world of art, exemplified by a "deluge of publications", as Camfield noted, "an unparalleled example of timing in which the burgeoning interest in Duchamp coincided with exhilarating developments in avant-garde art, virtually all of which exhibited links of some sort to Duchamp." His art was transformed from "a minor, aberrant phenomenon in the history of modern art to the most dynamic force in contemporary art."[7][33]
In December 2004, Duchamp's Fountain was voted the most influential artwork of the 20th century by 500 selected British art world professionals. Second place was afforded to Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and third to Andy Warhol's Marilyn Diptych (1962).[46] The Independent noted in a February 2008 article that with this single work, Duchamp invented conceptual art and "severed forever the traditional link between the artist's labour and the merit of the work".[47]
Jerry Saltz wrote in The Village Voice in 2006:
Duchamp adamantly asserted that he wanted to "de-deify" the artist. The readymades provide a way around inflexible either-or aesthetic propositions. They represent a Copernican shift in art. Fountain is what's called an "acheropoietoi," [sic] an image not shaped by the hands of an artist. Fountain brings us into contact with an original that is still an original but that also exists in an altered philosophical and metaphysical state. It is a manifestation of the Kantian sublime: A work of art that transcends a form but that is also intelligible, an object that strikes down an idea while allowing it to spring up stronger.[20]
InterventionsEdit
An inexact Fountain replica, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art.
Several performance artists have attempted to "contribute" to the piece by urinating in it. South African born artist Kendell Geers rose to international notoriety in 1993 when, at a show in Venice, he urinated into Fountain.[48] Artist / musician Brian Eno declared successfully urinating in Fountain while exhibited in the MoMA in 1993. He admitted that it was only a technical triumph because he needed to urinate in a tube in advance so he could convey the fluid through a gap between the protective glass.[49] Swedish artist Björn Kjelltoft urinated in Fountain at Moderna Museet in Stockholm in 1999.[50]
In spring 2000, Yuan Chai and Jian Jun Xi, two performance artists, who in 1999 had jumped on Tracey Emin's installation-sculpture My Bed in the Turner Prize exhibition at Tate Britain, went to the newly opened Tate Modern and tried to urinate on the Fountain which was on display. However, they were prevented from soiling the sculpture directly by its Perspex case. The Tate, which denied that the duo had succeeded in urinating into the sculpture itself,[51] banned them from the premises stating that they were threatening "works of art and our staff." When asked why they felt they had to add to Duchamp's work, Chai said, "The urinal is there – it's an invitation. As Duchamp said himself, it's the artist's choice. He chooses what is art. We just added to it."[47]
On January 4, 2006, while on display in the Dada show in the Pompidou Centre in Paris, Fountain was attacked by Pierre Pinoncelli, a 76-year-old French performance artist, most noted for damaging two of the eight copies of Fountain. The hammer he used during the assault on the artwork caused a slight chip.[52] Pinoncelli, who was arrested, said the attack was a work of performance art that Marcel Duchamp himself would have appreciated.[53] In 1993 Pinoncelli urinated into the piece while it was on display in Nimes, in southern France. Both of Pinoncelli's performances derive from neo-Dadaists' and Viennese Actionists' intervention or manoeuvre.[54]
AfterwordEdit
From the 1950s, Duchamp's influence on American artists had grown exponentially. Life magazine referred to him as "perhaps the world's most eminent Dadaist", Dada's "spiritual leader", "Dada's Daddy" in a lengthy article published 28 April 1952.[55][56] By the mid-50s his readymades were present in permanent collections of American museums.[56]
In 1961, Duchamp wrote a letter to fellow Dadaist Hans Richter in which he supposedly said:
This Neo-Dada, which they call New Realism, Pop Art, Assemblage, etc., is an easy way out, and lives on what Dada did. When I discovered the ready-mades I sought to discourage aesthetics. In Neo-Dada they have taken my readymades and found aesthetic beauty in them, I threw the bottle-rack and the urinal into their faces as a challenge and now they admire them for their aesthetic beauty.[57][58]
Richter, however, years later claimed those words were not by Duchamp. Richter had sent Duchamp this paragraph for comment, writing: "You threw the bottle rack and the urinal into their face…," etc. Duchamp simply wrote: "Ok, ça va très bien" ("Ok, that works very well") in the margins.[56][59]
Contrary to Richter's quote, Duchamp wrote favorably of Pop art in 1964, though indifferent to the humor or materials of Pop artists:
Pop Art is a return to "conceptual" painting, virtually abandoned, except by the Surrealists, since Courbet, in favor of retinal painting… If you take a Campbell soup can and repeat it 50 times, you are not interested in the retinal image. What interests you is the concept that wants to put 50 Campbell soup cans on a canvas.[56][60]
Art marketEdit
The prices for replicas, editions, or works that have some ephemeral trace of Duchamp reached its peak with the purchase of one of the eight 1964 replicas of Fountain.[61] 17 November 1999, a version of Fountain (owned by Arturo Schwarz) was sold at Sotheby's, New York, for $1,762,500 to Dimitris Daskalopoulos, who declared that Fountain represented 'the origin of contemporary art'. The price set a world record, at the time, for a work by Marcel Duchamp at public auction.[62][63] The record was surpassed in 2009 by his 1921 readymade Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette, a perfume bottle in its box which sold for $11.4 million.[64]
Found object
Fountain Archive
God (sculpture)
Art intervention
Transgressive art
Apolinère Enameled
Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating
^ a b Tomkins, Duchamp: A Biography, p. 186.
^ a b c d e f g h i "Fountain, Marcel Duchamp, 1917, replica, 1964". tate.org.uk. Tate. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ a b Gavin Parkinson, The Duchamp Book: Tate Essential Artists Series, Harry N. Abrams, 2008, p. 61, ISBN 1854377663
^ a b c d Dalia Judovitz, Unpacking Duchamp: Art in Transit, University of California Press, 1998, pp. 124, 133, ISBN 0520213769
^ a b c Cabanne, P., & Duchamp, M. (1971). Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp Archived 15 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine
^ "An Overview of the Seventeen Known Versions of Fountain". 2007.
^ a b c d e Camfield, William A. (1989). Marcel Duchamp, Fountain. Houston, TX: Houston Fine Art Press. p. 183. ISBN 0939594102.
^ Hustvedt, Siri (2019-03-29). "When will the art world recognise the real artist behind Duchamp's Fountain?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
^ Gaffney, Peter D, "Demiurgic machines: The mechanics of New York Dada. A study of the machine art of Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, and other members of New York Dada during the period, 1912–1922" (2006). Dissertations available from ProQuest. AAI3211072.
^ Hopkins, David, Marcel Duchamp and Max Ernst: The Bride Shared, Volume 21 of Clarendon studies in the history of art, Clarendon Press, 1998, p. 74, ISBN 0198175132
^ Biro, Matthew, The Dada Cyborg: Visions of the New Human in Weimar Berlin, G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series, University of Minnesota Press, 2009, p. 27, ISBN 0816636192
^ Catalogue of the First Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists
^ Sue Roe, In Montparnasse: The Emergence of Surrealism in Paris, from Duchamp to Dali, Penguin UK, Jun 21, 2018, ISBN 0241976596
^ Philippe Dagen, Duchamp piège l'avant-garde, Le Monde, 17 August 2006 (French)
^ a b c d e f g h The Blind Man, Vol. 2, 1917, p. 5.
^ Current opinion, Vol. LX, No. 6, June 1916, p. 431, Literary digest. New York: Current Literature Pub. Co., 1913-1925
^ To achieve an orientation resembling the photograph, an additional rotation by 180° about a vertical axis is necessary. The effect of both may be achieved by a rotation of 180° about an inclined axis.
^ a b Adcock, Craig. Duchamp's Eroticism: A Mathematical Analysis, Dada/Surrealism 16 (1987): 149-167, Iowa Research Online, ISSN 0084-9537
^ Tomkins, Duchamp: A Biography, p. 181.
^ a b c Saltz, Jerry (2006-02-21). "Idol Thoughts: The glory of Fountain, Marcel Duchamp's ground-breaking 'moneybags piss pot'". The Village Voice.
^ Cabanne, Dialogs with Marcel Duchamp, p. 55
^ Unsigned review, "His Art Too Crude for Independents", The New York Herald, 14 April 1917 (cited in Camfield, 1989, op.cit., 27)
^ Cabanne, Pierre, & Duchamp, Marcel, Dialogues With Marcel Duchamp, Hudson, 1971, translated from French by Ron Padgett, De Capo Press, archive.org
^ Naumann, Francis M., The Recurrent, Haunting Ghost: Essays on the Art, Life and Legacy of Marcel Duchamp, New York, 2012, pp. 70–81
^ a b c d Guillaume Apollinaire, Le Cas de Richard Mutt, Mercure de France, 16 June 1918, Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
^ Hubregtse, Menno (2009). "Robert J. Coady's The Soil and Marcel Duchamp's Fountain: Taste, Nationalism, Capitalism, and New York Dada". Revue d'art canadienne/Canadian Art Review. 34 (2): 28–42. JSTOR 42630803.
^ Quoted in Hubregtse, "Robert J. Coady's The Soil and Marcel Duchamp's Fountain," 32
^ Marcel Duchamp to Suzanne, 11 April 1917. Jean Crotti papers, 1913-1973, bulk 1913-1961. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
^ a b c Gammel, Irene (2002). Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada, and Everyday Modernity. Cambridge: The MIT Press. pp. 222–227. ISBN 0-262-07231-9.
^ Marcel Duchamp, Affectionately, Marcel: The Selected Correspondence of Marcel Duchamp, ed. Francis M. Naumann and Hector Obalk (Ghent: Ludion Press, 2000), p. 47
^ Robert Reiss, "My Baroness: Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven" in New York Dada, edited by Rudolf E. Kuenzli (New York: Willis Locker & Owens, 1986), pages 81-101.
^ a b David M. Lubin, Grand Illusions: American Art and the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 0190218622
^ Francis M. Naumann, New York Dada, 1915-23 (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994), p. 239, note 17.
^ "A Lady's Not A Gent's: Revolution in the water closet". WOW247. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
^ Quoted in Gayford, Martin (16 February 2008). "The practical joke that launched an artistic revolution". The Daily Telegraph. London. p. 10 at 11.
^ Franklin Clarkin, "Two Miles of Funny Pictures," Boston Evening Transcript, 25 April 1917.
^ William A. Camfield, Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, Its History and Aesthetics in the Context of 1917 (Part 1), Dada/Surrealism 16 (1987): pp. 64-94.
^ Essay on Fountain Archived 2004-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ See Praeger, Dave (2007). Poop Culture: How America is Shaped by its Grossest National Product. Los Angeles, Calif.: Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-21-X.
^ a b Hicks, Stephen R. C. (2004). Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault. Tempe, AZ: Scholargy Press. p. 196. ISBN 1-59247-646-5.
^ Julia Dür, Glasswanderers, If that's art, I'm a Hottentott, Tout-fait, Vol. 2, Issue 5, April 2003, Succession Marcel Duchamp
^ Francis M. Naumann, Beth Venn, Making mischief: Dada invades New York, Harry N. Abrams, Whitney Museum of American Art, 1997, p. 20.
^ Hahn, Otto, Marcel Duchamp, L'Express, Paris, No. 684, 23 July 1964, p. 22. Quoted in Arturo Schwarz, The Complete Works of Marcel Duchamp, New York, Abrams, 1970, p. 466
^ Rudolf E. Kuenzli, Dada and Surrealist Film, MIT Press, 1996, p. 47, ISBN 026261121X
^ "Duchamp's urinal tops art survey". BBC News. 1 December 2004. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ a b Hensher, Philip (20 February 2008). "The loo that shook the world: Duchamp, Man Ray, Picabia". The Independent. London. pp. 2–5.
^ "Kendell Geers- Conceptual Artist". www.onepeople.com. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ Blacklock, Mark (26 June 2003). "Art attacks". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
^ Årets största konsthändelse Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Tate focus for artistic debate". Press Association (referred to on the website of the Humanities Advanced Technology & Information Institute, University of Glasgow). 21 May 2000. Archived from the original on 21 December 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
^ "Pierre Pinoncelli: This man is not an artist" at infoshop.org Archived 4 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Man held for hitting urinal work". BBC News. 6 January 2006. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ Revue Internationale du Droit d'Auteur, Issues 197-198, Association française pour la diffusion du droit d'auteur national et international, 2003, p. 30.
^ Winthrop Sargeant, Dada's Daddy, A new tribute is paid to Duchamp, pioneer on nonsense and nihilism, Life, 28 April 1952, pp. 100–111
^ a b c d Girst, Thomas (April 2003). "(Ab)Using Marcel Duchamp: The concept of the Readymade in post-War and contemporary American art". Tout-fait: the Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal (5).
^ Alan Young, Dada and After: Extremist Modernism and English Literature, Manchester University Press, 1983, p. 202, ISBN 071900943X
^ Duchamp, in Hans Richter, Dada: Art and Anti-Art, New York, McGraw Hill, 1965: pp. 207-208.
^ Hans Richter, Begegnungen von Dada bis Heute, Köln, DuMont: pp. 155ff.
^ Rosalind Constable, New York's Avant-garde, and How It Got There, cited in Jennifer Gough-Cooper and Jacques Caumont, Ephemerides on and about Marcel Duchamp and Rrose Sélavy, 1887-1968, in Pontus Hulten, ed., Marcel Duchamp, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1993, entry for May 17, 1964.
^ Marquis, Marcel Duchamp: The Bachelor Stripped Bare A Biography, p. 5.
^ Francis M. Naumann, The Art Defying the Art Market, Tout-fait: The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal, vol. 2, 5, April 2003
^ Carter B. Horsley, Contemporary Art & 14 Duchamp Readymades, The City Review, 2002
^ Laurie Hurwitz, Saint Laurent Collection Soars at Christie's Paris. Duchamp's Belle haleine–Eau de voilette, 1921, a readymade of a perfume bottle in its box, sold for a record $11.5 million (€8.9 million).
The Blind Man, Vol. 2, May 1917, New York City.
Cabanne, Pierre (1979) [1969]. Dialogs with Marcel Duchamp (in French). [S.l.]: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80303-8.
Gammel, Irene. Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada and Everyday Modernity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.
Hubregtse, Menno (2009). "Robert J. Coady's The Soil and Marcel Duchamp's Fountain: Taste, Nationalism, Capitalism, and New York Dada". Revue d'art canadienne/Canadian Art Review. 34 (2): 28–42. JSTOR 42630803.
Kleiner, Fred S. (2006). Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-63640-3.
Marquis, Alice Goldfarb (2002). Marcel Duchamp: The Bachelor Stripped Bare A Biography. Minneapolis: MFA Publications: MFA Publications. ISBN 0-87846-644-4.
Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-5789-7.
Betacourt, Michael (2003). "The Richard Mutt case: Looking for Marcel Duchamp's Fountain". Art Science Research Laboratory. Archived from the original on 1 March 2006.
West, Patrick (13 December 2004). "He was just taking the piss: Observations on Duchamp and his urinal". New Statesman.
Schwarz, Arturo, The Complete Works of Marcel Duchamp, revised and expanded edition, New York 1997, no. 345, pp. 648–50
Kuenzli, Rudolf E., Naumann, Francis M., Marcel Duchamp: Artist of the Century, Issue 16 of Dada surrealism, MIT Press, 1991, ISBN 0262610728
Adcock, Craig, Marcel Duchamp's Notes from the Large Glass: An N-Dimensional Analysis, Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1983, 29-39, ISBN 0835714543
Sidney Janis Gallery, Challenge and Defy: Extreme Examples by XX Century Artists, French and American, The New York 57th Street Journal, 25 September 1950
Fountain, Tout-Fait: Marcel Duchamp Studies Online journal
Duchamp's Fountain, Smarthistory at Khan Academy
Duchamp and the Ready-Mades, Smarthistory at Khan Academy
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fountain_(Duchamp)&oldid=904433386"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nearly 70 years later, CASDA Continues to Expand Services to Meet Changing Educational Needs
In 1949, professors at the New York State College for Teachers proposed to the college president a bold initiative. They suggested the formation of a school study council which would facilitate ongoing two-way communication between the college and area school districts. Through such a partnership, the college could access schools for research purposes and school personnel could benefit from the college's knowledge of best educational practices.
The concept was approved and CASDA was born. It was an immediate success with forty area school districts affiliating with the new organization in its first year. CASDA's first decade in the 1950's was marked by intense and enthusiastic activity as professors surveyed the field and shared their knowledge while member school districts conducted action research and utilized college resources in their professional development programs. You can gain a sense of this energy from the stories on page 13 of this Annual Report.
Through the decades that followed, though its leadership and strategies changed with the times, CASDA's mission to "engage educators and their schools in addressing challenges, embracing opportunities and creating positive, lasting outcomes for students" never wavered. Today, after almost seventy years after its inception, CASDA remains a dynamic reginal partner assisting schools as they navigate an increasingly complex educational environment.
We have grown over the years. The past decade has been marked by significant expansion of services and exponential growth to meet the needs which school districts face in these challenging times. Known in past decades as the area's premier host for important educational conferences, CASDA's work has grown to include distance learning, technical assistance services and the facilitation of professional learning communities.
I have had the great privilege to lead this venerable organization for the past seven eventful years. I have wonderful colleagues who are committed to our work, from the Executive Committee which provides strategic direction to the fifty members of CASDA's faculty and staff who collectively bring centuries of professional experience as well as great passion to our work. We are also all deeply grateful to our 110 member districts which engage with us and permit us to help them help kids to realize their potential.
CASDA's 2019-2020 Focus Areas
The Stigma of the Dropout Label
Catskill B27
© 2019 Capital Area School Development Association


On August 20, 2017 at about 9:00 p.m., the Mundo Latino restaurant located in the 13000 block of Montfort Place was robbed. The suspects held the employees at knife point while they took money from the registers. No employees were injured during this offense.
Suspect #1 is described as a Latin male, about 23-years-old, 5'7" tall, 150 pounds, wearing a gray zipper hoodie, white muscle shirt, black pants, and blue SMU baseball cap.
Suspect #2 is described as a Latin male, 20 to 23-years-old, 5'7" tall, 185 pounds, wearing a black t-shirt with a white design, and red pants.
These suspects were last seen driving a dark colored SUV.
Anyone that recognizes these suspects, or has information on this offense is asked to call Detective Romero at (214) 671-3645. If you wish to remain anonymous, you may call Crime Stoppers at (214) 373-TIPS (8477).


Lisa commenced her legal practice in civil litigation and then proceeded to join the Corporate Department of Deloitte (Malta) where she assisted in the restructuring of companies. She then moved on to join the Office for Competition, which today forms part of the Malta Competition and Consumer Affairs Authority where she headed the regulated sector Directorate and was involved in both antitrust and M&A investigations. In 2014, Lisa was recruited as Senior Associate, forming part of the Regulatory, EU and Litigation practice group. She is also a visiting lecturer at the University of Malta for the Master of Laws programme in European and Comparative Law.


Joshua B. Sohn has been practising immigration law since 1993, representing clients in a broad range of immigration and citizenship matters. Mr. Sohn is Past-Chair of the National Immigration Law Section of the Canadian Bar Association (CBA). He is also Past Chair of the Provincial CBA Immigration Law Section (BC Branch). He previously sat on the Joint Federal-Provincial Immigration Advisory Council in British Columbia and served as Chair and Legal Sectoral Representative on Citizenship and Immigration Canada's Advisory Committee (BC/Yukon). He is also a member of the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA).
Mr. Sohn has been a frequent presenter at legal education conferences. He received his LL.B. from the University of British Columbia and was then called to the bar in both Ontario and British Columbia. Mr. Sohn successfully assists clients with all types of in-Canada and overseas applications for business, family class and citizenship matters, including work permits and criminal inadmissibility.


I am planning on jumping on an airplane and flying 1,000 miles to purchase a used Winnebago. Have I lost my mind? The only thing I have seen is pictures and I have the word of the person who is selling it. By the way, added to the insanity, is the fact that he seller is the bother-in-law who lives two states away. Sadly the unit is being sold due to the former owners death and they really just want to get rid of it. They did tell me it was his baby and he took very good care of it.
However, it really is a good deal and I can't see passing it up. The other concern is that I have to drive it back home so added to everything else I have never driven a MH before.
It may have been his baby and he might have taken good care of it at one time. But often as folks age the RV gets parked and just sits unused. This is very hard on them if it goes on for several years. Assume it's an older RV.
If you've ever driven a good-sized rental truck, you'll have some idea of driving a motorhome. In addition to being careful to make wide turns, and not following too close, give yourself twice as much braking room, make sure your mirrors are adjusted, and keep your speed down to about 55 to be safe.
When changing lanes, try to do so after you've watched a car pass that you're sure doesn't have another car behind them.
Be extra careful in gas stations so you don't take out a post, barrier or pump while turning in or out of a lane.
Gordie's advice is short and sweet, but should help get you home. The only thing I'd add is to take it easy so you can get used to driving it. Nothing cosmic about driving a motorhome. Just stay aware of its size, weight, and maneuvering characteristics.
Thanks to everyone for the advice. It's seems the deal is going to happen so I will report in once I am back home. I have looked at lots of videos on driving MH's and have also driven a large box truck for work so I think I will be fine but will remain very cautious and careful.
I have been informed that the MH has been started at least once a week and has had new batteries and an oil change in the last week.
Stopping on the way to have it looked at is something I had not considered so am thankful for that advice. I will also plan to have new tires put on if older than 8 years.
I hope to report in next week with a new to me Adventurer.
Where is it located? Maybe someone close by could give you a hand. Someone with a Winnebago ought to be able to walk you though some of the important systems.
What year and floorplan Adventurer is it?
Well that's a good thought Tim, it's in Orlando, FL. I would also be interested in any comments on either Camping World in Summerfield, FL and La Mesa RV in Sanford, FL. The MH is a 2007 Adventurer 38T for tires and for a check up.
Just me but I no longer use Camping World for much of anything. Too many bad reports about them.
For tires I try to use a tire supplier that does fleets of trucks. Up here it's an outfit called Pomps. Don't know if they have them in Fla. Pomps has always been straight with me.
What engine does it have? Have it checked by a dealer.
Run everything. Frig, stove, AC, radio, furnace, genset, ect.
Good luck, CamperDC. One other thing you might consider is buying a roadside assistance plan from Coach-Net or Good Sam. "Just in case" you get stuck and need a tow or a tire change. It's relatively cheap for peace of mind.
When are you planning on picking it up?
For tires *I* would skip right over any of the RV dealers, and go to a tire dealer, you'll need a shop that is large enough to handle trucks, not just the basic Goodyear place or anything like that. They will probably be able to get you in and out faster than an RV dealer. Also, if you have to buy new tires, be sure and specify that you want tires where the date code is something recent (it's up to YOU to decide how 'old' you're comfortable with, I'd go with 6 months or less).
And a BIG 'plus 1' for getting a roadside service plan. IF something happens, the cost of a tow will be more than you pay for a year of coverage. I have CoachNet, used it once for a blow out, made getting the tire replaced quick and painless.
1. Do a safety check, brakes, steering, tires, etc.
2. Road test to make sure drive-ability is up to snuff.
If you can't negotiate the deal based on 1 & 2 as pre-purchase conditions, do all three before you set out on your trip home. Verify the oil/lube job.
1. Hydraulics (slides and jacks). Make sure all are in working order with no strange noises and triple check for any signs of hydraulic leaks.
2. Air conditioning/heating. Make sure all units work including, if it's a "basement air" that both compressor #1 and #2 work. You may need to run the generator to test this since the power control system won't let #2 kick in unless there's enough power (20A home service isn't enough).
3. Refrigerator - Ask the seller to turn it on for at least 24 hours before your arrival, with full ice trays. Make sure it works on 120V AC and propane.
4. Leaks - Look for signs of any leaks, around roof vents, skylight, etc. plus the windshield. Read up on Winnebago windshield leaks on this forum to educate yourself.
5. Generator - Make sure it works and, before your trip home change the oil and filter.
6. Water Pump and Water Heater - Should both function. Test water heater on 120V AC plus propane.
Also inspect the body for any bubbles or wrinkles in the skin. This indicates water intrusion and separation of the luan and Filon siding. If found I would walk away.
So, I thought I would check in and report that I picked up a 2007 Winnebago Adventurer 38T on Thursday and proceeded to drive it 1,000 miles home to Indiana without incident. Turns out the MH was as advertised and she is a beaut. All systems are in order and working properly and the only issues are the headliner issues that others are having with the foam deteriorating and the nasty invisible bra on the front looks real bad and has to go. Thanks to everyone for the tips.


What are you looking for? We'll help you find an instructor that suits you.
Manual driving isn't right for everyone. Here are some of the benefits of choosing to get an automatic licence.
Still trying to decide which type of driving lessons are right for you? Here are some of the benefits of getting a manual licence.
Would you prefer to learn from a female instructor?
We offer lessons in a number of foreign languages.
Once you've got your provisional licence, you can start thinking about the theory driving test.
There are lots of tips that will help you get ready for the big day.
Our retro driving games are back by popular demand! Are you up for the challenge?


We're what professionalism sounds like. The perfect soundtrack to the best day of your life, spun with your wedding or event in mind. The DJs of Complete Weddings + Events Rochester will keep you and your guests dancing till the reception ends.
Toby had his first DJ experience in 1999 and fell in love with it. He's a very polite, respectful guy that will listen to how you want your event to go. If there is a need for entertainment, he is excited to be there and make your event memorable.
I really like how the DJ was constantly checking in with me throughout the evening. I really appreciated him being there and ready to go when we were ready to be introduced. It went very smoothly.
Toby was very dedicated to making sure our reception was exactly what we wanted. He kept everyone on the dance floor the whole night.
Toby did a fantastic job at our reception. We were very pleased. He played exactly the types of music we wanted and created the perfect atmosphere. He went along with any odd request we had of him with no question or hesitation. The activities he had us do were hilarious and awesome. He was so great to work with, we would recommend him and Complete in a heartbeat.
Joseph has a very relaxed and calm presence. He makes all the stress and worry disappear and takes care of all the details during the reception. He understands he is a part of your event but not the main focus.
The song variety was good and he listened to requests.
Pierre offers an energy and enthusiasm that is unmatched in the industry! He is a great choice for a fun party.
DJ was professional and kept the party moving. Lots of fun.
It is more than just a DJ service. Pierre did a really great job of getting people interacting and involved. It was really like a show that we were all a part of.
Very professional, set up on time. We had many compliments.
Our DJ, Pierre was great! He was set up and ready to go on time, he kept the crowd involved throughout the night, and he played the songs that people requested. I would definitely recommend Complete of Rochester or use them for an event in the future.
Amidu's great smile, great attitude, and awesome dance skills are just a few key points that his clients think of when they talk about him. A veteran DJ in his own rights has led Amidu to become a flexible and adaptable DJ. His attention to detail and his desire to serve his clients has aided in his successes here at Complete.
We used the photo booth and DJ services from Complete. The photo booth and the attendant was great! However, my husband and I were absolutely thrilled with our DJ, Amidu! He played exactly the music we requested and took guests requests. He kept the guests dancing and even joined in for a couple of dances to get more guests out on the dance floor! My husband and I believe a DJ makes or breaks a wedding reception; Amidu rocked it! Would highly recommend to anyone getting married in the area!
Sam is super friendly and a lot of fun to have DJing your special event. He will make sure your guests are involved and having fun and most importantly will make sure everything runs smoothly. Sam has experience with a club atmosphere as well as school dances, weddings and receptions where he can bring a fresh vibe to any special event.
Sam was great working with everyone and coming and asking questions about how things should go. The night went great with the DJ and the photo booth. Haley H: Sam, our DJ, was absolutely great. We are so happy with how everything went thank you so much.
Scott has a passion for music and can cater to any kind of event with his laid-back personality. He has extensive knowledge from Pop, Hip Hop, Top 40 and Country. He enjoys getting to understand the clients' requests and is able to adjust his style to cater their needs.
The dj was Friendly, professional, and fun!
They listened to all of our requests and were very accommodating.
Nathan has a wonderful personality and his talent as a professional MC comes seemingly natural to him. His skills as a communicator, organizer and coordinator put him in a class above all others. Taking care of clients and creating the atmosphere you want at your event is his approach.
Nate was very professional and did a great job. Everything we asked of him he did and it was totally perfect.
During the wedding, Nat was so amazing!! He made sure everything was taken care of, he kept everyone engaged and the crowd loved him!!
Our DJ was great! He interacted with the kids and played a great variety of music to please everyone. He also had some fun stuff that included the wedding party and did a great job with all of our requests.
From big days to school dances, bat mitzvahs to corporate gatherings, our Complete Weddings + Events Rochester DJs work with you to create the perfect event, with professional party motivation and expertly coordinated announcements.


IN 10 COLOURS WITH INFINITE REPEAT VARIATION.
- Reel diam.: 1000 mm.
Lateral register drive activated by remote control and through motors. Commands integrated in portable hand-held controls placed on printing and video sections.
Turret unwinder and rewinder for reel 1000 mm diam.


What the WHAT? How come I've never heard of this? Have you? Another one of those weird things I've had to find out on the internet!
Do the makers of that needle threader thingy know about this?
For years, you have been squinting, licking your fingers, or doing whatever you can do get a really tiny end of a thread into an even tinier hole, and thinking, [infomercial host voice] "THERE'S GOT TO BE A BETTER WAY!" Well, kids, there is, and you're about to feel both relieved and dumb.


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Positive economic impacts of an international airport: A comparative analysis ©
Tue May 28, 2013
by Kenrick Chambers
Let's face it, the metamorphosis of globalization is upon us. People, companies, and nations are integrating and interacting more. The movement of services and goods globally requires logistical infrastructure that would accommodate the rapid pace of an integrated world. Hence, an international airport is a major apparatus of a nation's infrastructure to generate economic activities such as international trade and tourism. International airports offer increased accessibility, which in turn fuels the tourism sector. With an increase in the number of visitors and airport users, more money flows into the local economy.{{more}}
St Vincent and the Grenadines is a member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The OECS is a nine member grouping, comprising Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines, Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands (BVI is an associate member of the OECS). Except for the British Virgin Islands, the other eight members of the OECS use the same currency (Eastern Caribbean Dollar), have similar culture and geographical resemblances. Therefore, the islands are ideal for a comparative measurement of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – those with international airport – and those without international airport. GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time; so, it is an important measurement of a country's productivity.
To state it differently, in a simple manner, it is the health of a nation's economy – the greater the number, the healthier the economy, ruling out inflation. So, let me demonstrate the importance of an international airport, in relationship to GDP, using 2012 GDP, measured in current prices in U.S. dollars. OECS members with international airports all have larger economies, respectively. OECS members with international airports are: (Antigua and Barbuda: GDP US$1.2B, Grenada: GDP US$0.881B, St Lucia: GDP US$1.3B, and St Kitts and Nevis: GDP US$0.771B). OECS members without international airports are: Anguilla, Dominica: GDP US$0.517, Montserrat, and St Vincent and the Grenadines: GDP US$0.741B.
Countries that possess an international airport have greater economies (measured by GDP). Although there are geographical and population variations, however, the constant variable that categorizes their economy, as measured by GDP, respectively, is the type of airport they possess – those with international (airports that can accommodate intercontinental flight) – and those without international airports.
You may have notice, St Kitts and Nevis' GDP is only slightly higher than St Vincent and the Grenadines'. We must consider, however, St Kitts and Nevis has a population of only 57,000, compared to St Vincent and the Grenadines' population of 110,000, almost twice the population of St Kitts and Nevis (as of 2012). Additionally, St Kitts and Nevis has a total area of 261 sq. km (St Kitts 168 sq. km; Nevis 93 sq. km), whereas St Vincent and the Grenadines' total area equals 389 sq. km, which is comparatively larger than St Kitts and Nevis.
There are no significant economic advantages between the two nations – except an international airport. They both have assets of sun, sea, sand, fertile soil, similar culture, industries, and a geographical separation of only 316.68 miles – yet, St Kitts and Nevis, although smaller in size and population, has a larger economy. Aided by accessibility apparatus, in 2011, St Kitts and Nevis' travel and tourism industry was 28 per cent of total GDP, which contributes to 6,500 direct and indirect jobs, and generated 227.6 million (XCD) in visitor exports (WTTC). Moreover, supported by an airport that can accommodate intercontinental flights, foreign investors are investing in St Kitts. Hyatt Hotels Corporation, for example, announced a development plan for the construction of a hotel (Park Hyatt) in St Kitts, scheduled to open in 2015.
Other positive impacts are direct and multiplier impacts. Direct impacts are economic activity generated by airports, – such as the purchase of aviation goods and services, and spendings of airline passengers passing through the region. Multiplier impacts, however, result from the re-circulation and re-spending of direct impacts within the economy. This re-spending of cash can transpire multiple times and takes two forms – indirect and induced. Indirect impacts occur when businesses spend their revenue on expenses, whereas induced impacts occur when employees purchase goods and services. For example, as airport employees spend their salary for housing, food, and services, those expenditures circulate through the economy, resulting in increased spending throughout the economy. So, accordingly, the probability that the economy of St Vincent and the Grenadines will grow because of an international airport is favourable.
In closing, the positive impact of an international airport on a country's economy goes well beyond the airport fence. We're in the midst of globalization, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, with its natural beauty (sun-sea-and sand), has the potential of becoming one of leading tourist destinations of the world. So, while the capital project is beyond the scope of all previous ventures, – the largest thus far – the project is essential for the development of the Land of the Blessed.
("The negative impacts of an international airport: from a tourism development perspective," by Kenrick Chambers, was published in SEARCHLIGHT on May 14, 2013)
A red glow was seen coming from La Soufriere Saturday night.
Red glow coming from volcano is natural, no evacuation order given
The red glow observed coming from La Soufriere is natural and residents are advised to remain...
SVG records its first Covid-19 death, 62 new cases
St Vincent and the Grenadines recorded its first COVID-19 death, today, Friday, January 15. "The...
Prime Minister Dr Ralph Gonsalves
We have a bundle of restrictions – PM
The Government has no intention of locking down the country, calling a state of emergency or making...
Shafia London, Country Manager of St Vincent Brewery limited
London is first Vincentian manager of St Vincent Brewery Ltd.
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Demion McTair, who completed a Bachelors of Arts in Integrated Marketing Communication (Hons)
Vincentian among three 2020 valedictorians for the UWI Mona
When you set goals and hold yourself accountable to them, great things can be achieved. This is...
Government was boastful about COVID-19 situation – Friday
Opposition Leader, Dr Godwin Friday says the way the government has managed the COVID-19 situation...
Searchlight newspaper
Sunil Ambris not pressured by vice- captaincy role
More transparent communication needed on eruption
SVG records 31 new Covid-19 cases, two persons seriously ill
In Memoriam – Karon Sandra Moore
We deserve that recognition – former national footballers
Soft and Buttery Rolls
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Why are vans allowed to carry so many, but large churches so few?
Call made for global summit on equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines
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