text:
Stanisław Niewiadomski (ur. 2 października 1928 w miejscowości Male na Wileńszczyźnie, zm. 23 lutego 2008 w Warszawie) – polski architekt, urbanista, doktor inżynier, nauczyciel akademicki, profesor Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej, kierownik Pracowni Projektowania Architektonicznego PW (1991–2002), członek Stowarzyszenia Architektów Polskich (SARP), Mazowieckiej Okręgowej Izby Architektów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Towarzystwa Urbanistów Polskich (TUP).

Życiorys

Dzieciństwo i młodość
Był synem Józefa i Józefy z domu Sawlewicz. Ojciec był kołodziejem, pracował też dla wojska. Dzieciństwo i wczesne lata młodzieńcze zamieszkiwał w Wilnie, gdzie w 1941 r. ukończył szkołę powszechną i rozpoczął naukę w gimnazjum na tajnych kompletach. Pod koniec wojny, po zajęciu Wilna przez Rosjan, aresztowany został przez NKWD - w więzieniu spędził dwa miesiące. Na początku 1945 r. wyjechał jednym z pierwszych transportów repatriacyjnych do Białegostoku. Po repatriacji matki i siostry z Wilna do Torunia, przeniósł się do nich, gdzie egzaminem maturalnym ukończył Liceum im. Tadeusza Kościuszki. W 1948 roku rozpoczął studia na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej (PW). Dyplom inżynierski uzyskał w 1952 roku, a magisterski — w 1954. Projekt dyplomowy (wyróżniony na pokazie prac dyplomowych we Wrocławiu) wykonał pod kierunkiem profesora Bohdana Lacherta. Jeszcze podczas studiów na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej wykonywał prace projektowe w pracowni profesora Bohdana Pniewskiego przy Katedrze Projektowania Gmachów Użyteczności Publicznej Wydziału Architektury PW.Tuż po ukończeniu studiów wraz z Witoldem Benedekiem powołali zespół autorski (początkowo z Władysławem Strumiłłą).

Przebieg pracy zawodowej
Od drugiego roku studiów pracował w Pracowni architekta Zasława Malickiego w Zakładach Osiedli Robotniczych (ZOR). Po studiach, w 1954 roku pracował w Biurze Projektów Typowych i Studiów Budownictwa Mieszkaniowego, w latach 1954-1955 w Biurze Miastoprojekt Stolica Południe, w latach 1956-1957 w Ministerstwie Szkolnictwa Wyższego, a następnie do 1983 r. w  Biurze Studiów i Projektów Szkół Wyższych i Zakładów Naukowych Ministerstwa Nauki, Szkolnictwa Wyższego i Techniki BEPRON. W latach 1983-1985 pracował dla General Company for Engineering & Consulting w Syrii jako ekspert i główny projektant uniwersytetu w Homs. W roku 1992 założył wspólnie z Witoldem Benedekiem oraz architektkami Krystyną Szypulską i Bożeną Staniszewską pracownię Architektoniczną BNS w której pracował do 2008 r.
W 1982 roku uzyskał stopień doktora (promotor Stanisław Marzyński) na podstawie pracy pt. "Problemy kształtowania szkolnych sal muzycznych na przykładzie Akademii Muzycznej w Warszawie". Od 1954 r. był członkiem Stowarzyszenia Architektów Polskich SARP; w latach 1970-1973 członkiem Prezydium Zarządu Głównego, a następnie członkiem Zarządu Oddziału Warszawskiego, gdzie w latach 1975-1976 był wiceprezesem, a w latach 1976-1983 (w trzech kolejnych kadencjach) prezesem. Status Twórcy otrzymał w 1979 roku. Dwukrotnie był przewodniczącym jury Konfrontacji Warszawskich. Był też członkiem Komitetu Organizacyjnego XIV Kongresu UIA (Union internationale des Architectes) w Warszawie w 1981 roku. W latach 1988-1991 był przewodniczącym Kolegium Sędziów Konkursowych Oddziału Warszawskiego SARP.

Działalność dydaktyczna
Pracę dydaktyczną rozpoczął na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej PW. W latach 1954-1976 pracował w Zakładzie Podstaw Architektury, prowadzonym przez S. Marzyńskiego; od 1976 roku na Wydziale Architektury, na stanowisku asystenta, wykładowcy, docenta (od 1990 roku) i profesora nadzwyczajnego (od 1993 roku). Pracownią Projektowania Architektonicznego kierował od 1990 do 2001 roku. Był promotorem ponad 50 dyplomów magisterskich.

Odznaczenia, realizacje, nagrody, wyróżnienia, rysunki
 Odznaczenia
 Złoty Krzyż Zasługi – za działalność dydaktyczną (1975);
 Krzyż Kawalerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski
 Medal Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
 złota Odznaka Honorowa (Rada Narodowa m.st. Warszawy) za zasługi dla Warszawy (1980)
 Srebrna  i złota odznaka honorowa SARP za działalność w Stowarzyszeniu (1978)
 Honorowa Nagroda SARP za całokształt działalności zawodowej, razem z Witoldem Benedekiem (2006)

 Projekty zrealizowane (we współautorstwie)
 1954–1962 – Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Muzyczna w Warszawie – I nagroda w konkursie SARP oraz Ministra Budownictwa i Przemysłu Materiałów Budowlanych
 1961–1964 – Trasa mostowa i most Łazienkowski – I nagroda w konkursie SARP; Ministra Budownictwa i Przemysłu Materiałów Budowlanych,
 1966–1975 – Uniwersytet Gdański (d. Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna) w Gdańsku-Oliwie - I nagroda w konkursie SARP; Ministra Budownictwa i Przemysłu Materiałów Budowlanych,
 1966-1968 – Uniwersytet Gdański Wydział Humanistyczny — zrealizowany 1970
 1968–1971 – Uniwersytet Gdański Wydział Matematyczno-Fizyczny — zrealizowany 1973
 1983–1986 – Uniwersytet w Homs, Syria
 1989–1992 – Zespół domów studenckich na Jelonkach w Warszawie — zrealizowany 1995–1998
 1993–1996 – Uniwersytet im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego (d. Akademia Teologii Katolickiej) na Bielanach w Warszawie —  zrealizowany 1977–2004
 1994–1998 – Zespół domów akademickich Collegium Polonicum Uniwersytetu Europejskiego w Słubicach — zrealizowany 1995–2005 – I nagroda w konkursie
 1998–2000 – Uniwersytet w Białymstoku – Biblioteka Główna i aula Uniwersytetu — biblioteka zrealizowana 2000–2005 – I nagroda w konkursie SARP
 2000–2003 – Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu – Zespół Budynków Wydziału Biologii
 2002–2008 – Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny (d. Akademia Podlaska) w Siedlcach – Wydział Humanistyczny – I nagroda w konkursie

 Inne projekty we współautorstwie, nagrody i wyróżnienia
 1955 – Ambasada Polski w Pekinie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1956 – Plac Wiosny Ludów w Poznaniu  - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1958 – Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski — rozbudowa - I nagroda w konkursie SARP
 1961–1964 – Trasa mostowa Świętokrzyska - I nagroda w konkursie SARP
 1962 - Biblioteka Narodowa w Warszawie – IV nagroda w konkursie SARP
 1962–1964 – Plan ogólny Raciborza
 1964 – Ambasada Polski w Brasilii - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1964 – Plac Zwycięstwa i wschodni rejon Osi Saskiej w Warszawie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1965 - Otoczenie Dworca Zachodniego w Warszawie – wyróżnienie I stopnia
 1966 – Wschodni rejon centrum Krakowa - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1967 - Ośrodek rekreacyjny na Cyplu Czerniakowskim w Warszawie – wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1969 - Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne centrum Warszawy – wyróżnienie III stopnia w konkursie SARP
 1971 – Akademia Rolnicza w Lublinie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1972 – Plac Zwycięstwa w Warszawie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1972–1975 – Plac Politechniki w Warszawie
 1972–1975 – Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Technologii Elektronowej
 1973 – Ambasada Polski w New Dehli
 1973–1977 – Wydział Biologii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego w Gdańsku-Oliwie
 1974 - Warszawskie Zgrupowanie Naukowe na Siekierkach - I nagroda
 1977 – Akademia Rolnicza i Akademia Medyczna w Szczecinie-Osowie
 1980 – Uniwersytet Warszawski na Powiślu
 1981 – Rozbudowa Akademii Muzycznej w Warszawie
 1982 – Studium lokalizacji Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego — PI. Zwycięstwa, Powiśle, PI. Trzech Krzyży
 1985–1988 – Dom studencki uczelni artystycznych w Warszawie przy ul. Dobrej
 1987 – Zespół mieszkaniowo-usługowy Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego w Gdańsku-Oliwie
 1988 – Politechnika Wrocławska, Biblioteka i Centrum Informacji - I nagroda w konkursie SARP
 1989 - Hotel "Pullman" przy Placu Trzech Krzyży w Warszawie – wyróżnienie I stopnia
 1991 – Sąd Najwyższy na Placu Krasińskich w Warszawie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1993 - Uniwersytet Warszawski, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka na Powiślu – II nagroda w konkursie SARP
 1993 – Uniwersytet w Gdańsku-Oliwie - wyróżnienie w konkursie SARP
 1998 – Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Kompleks budynków Nauk Biologicznych - wyróżnienie w konkursie
 2003 – Uniwersytet w Białymstoku – Wydział Matematyki i Fizyki - I nagroda w konkursie
 2004 – Kampus Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego na Młocinach w Warszawie - wyróżnienie w konkursie
 2004 - Uniwersytet A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Dziennikarstwa i Nauk Politycznych - I nagroda w konkursie
 2005 – Uniwersytet A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Chemii - wyróżnienie w konkursie
 2005 – Centrum Chopinowskie w Warszawie przy ul. Tamka
 2005 – Wydział Fizyki i Astronomii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie-Pychowicach
 2006 – Wydział Filologii i Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego przy ul. Lipowej

 Rysunki
Pozostawił  po sobie prawie 500 rysunków wykonanych, w latach 1983-2005, w większości flamastrem, ale również cienkopisem, piórem i ołówkiem. Zbiór prac powstawał podczas podróży po wielu krajach europejskich i bliskiego wschodu. Rysunkowa pasja S. Niewiadomskiego stanowi ważną część całej jego twórczości. W salach SARP zorganizowane zostały dwie wystawy: "Wilno, rysunki 1985-1987" (razem z rysunkami Konrada Kucza-Kuczyńskiego) w 1987 r. oraz "Rysunki z podróży" w 2008 r. Niewielka ich część została pokazana w publikacji pt. Architektura w szkicach ... (2013).

Życie prywatne
Stanisław Niewiadomski ożenił się w roku 1951 z Katarzyną Kowal (ur. 1929). Katarzyna Niewiadomska, również pochodząca z Wilna, ukończyła zoologię na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. W następnych latach specjalizowała się w dziedzinie parazytologii, uzyskując tytuł naukowy profesora. Byli zgodnym małżeństwem przez 56 lat. Razem z żoną dużo podróżował po Europie i po świecie. Napotykane podczas licznych podróży ciekawe miejsca, budynki, wnętrza kościołów, ulice i zaułki były dla niego inspiracją do tworzenia rysunków. Mieli dwie córki. Starsza, Magdalena (ur. 1953), została profesorem statystyki Western Michigan University (Stany Zjednoczone). Młodsza, Anna Dorota (ur. 1957), mieszka we Francji; jest romanistką, członkiem dyrekcji liceum w Hawrze.

Został pochowany na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie (Stare Powązki) (kwatera 27-2-26).

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

Absolwenci Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej
Polscy architekci
Architekci związani z Warszawą
Laureaci Honorowej Nagrody SARP
Pochowani na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie
Urodzeni w 1928
Wykładowcy Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej
Zmarli w 2008
Polscy urbaniści
Odznaczeni Medalem Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski
Odznaczeni odznaką honorową "Za Zasługi dla Warszawy"


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Vancouver's Downtown Eastside Is Easy to Sensationalize, Hard to Explain
Journalists with Disabilities Just Want to Be Journalists
Haley Cullingham
Francis Monroe McAllister lived in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside and died alone outside on a snowy night when the 650 shelter beds in the city were full. Mark Hume, writer for The Globe and Mail, told McAllister's story in "Dead End Streets," a 2006 series that painted an eloquent picture of poverty and urban struggle in one of Canada's most notorious neighbourhoods, a place where addiction, poverty, prostitution and homelessness co-exist out in the open. "It's easy to sensationalize," says Hume. "You can walk in any back alley down there today, I'm sure, and find people with needles sticking out of their arms." He also contributed stories on residents to "Canada's Slum: The Fix," a 2009 Globe package, but he had to fight to get the feature profiles included in the statistics-heavy project.
The Downtown Eastside is a neighbourhood beset by complex issues and for reporters unfamiliar with it, there's temptation to sensationalize the suffering or to play the advocate. As Hume says, journalism too often "grasps at easy themes." But the challenge is to combine humanizing coverage such as Hume's with statistical information in a way that puts the issues of drugs, mental health and homelessness in a larger cultural context.
For most Canadians, the Downtown Eastside is represented by an image that was up front in both "Canada's Slum: The Fix" and The Province series called "Operation Phoenix": a skeletal hand clutching a crack pipe, with a lighter illuminating dark circles under hungry eyes. Drugs have long been a part of life in the neighbourhood—the opium trade flourished there in the early 1900s and in 1955 Maclean's declared that Vancouver had "the highest rate of drug addiction in the Western Hemisphere." Over the last 20 years, the loss of many low-income housing units has forced the drug activity outdoors. Repeated relapse and recovery are the natural rhythms of the area. Gabor Mate, a doctor who works in the neighbourhood and has contributed to the Globe and The Vancouver Sun, wrote a book titled In The Realm of Hungry Ghosts about the Downtown Eastside. "In a real sense," he noted in the opening chapter, "addiction medicine with this population is also palliative work. We do not expect to cure anyone."
In the lead up to the Vancouver Olympics, the Province sought to capture the neighbourhood and its legacy of struggle. The paper even shared with readers six principles it would use to guide its coverage as it dedicated a year to what would result in the award-winning "Operation Phoenix" project. Reporters walked the streets but also talked numbers with philanthropists, activists and outreach workers. The last piece, "Homelessness: Keep Up the Fight for Street People," ran in January 2010 and presented six recommendations for the neighbourhood based on a year of reporting.
Despite the ambitious nature of the series, not everyone agreed it was completely successful. "It was sort of hit or miss," says Sean Condon, executive director of Vancouver street paper Megaphone. "They did some pieces that were totally spot on and some really simplistic, sensational tripe that did no service whatsoever to the neighbourhood." But he is even more critical of "Canada's Slum: The Fix," the Globe'sextensive investigative spread. "They painted it as this black hole where money disappears," says Condon. He argues that there's a strong community here that fights a constant battle for its identity. "I think that the Globe and Mail piece felt like it was trying to knock that away a little bit."
Monte Paulsen, who has been writing about the neighbourhood for The Tyee and other outlets for years, is another outspoken critic of the way journalists report on the area. "Despite good intentions, I think the coverage is misinformed and harmful," he says. "In 'The Fix,' they still treated addiction by and large like this moral failing." He does, however, admit that Hume's profiles of residents were an exception.
Paulsen is quick to point out that the Downtown Eastside is just a small part of the story when it comes to homelessness in Vancouver and Canada. Suburban homelessness is on the rise, he explains, but reporters can't just head to one neighbourhood for an hour and come back with that story, so it is largely ignored.
Still, Jim Green, a long-time activist and former head of the Downtown Eastside Residents Association, believes journalists have a crucial role to play in the area. "If I hadn't had access to media, I couldn't have done 90 percent of what I accomplished," says Green, who has been living in and advocating for the neighbourhood since 1972, when it was known simply as Skid Road. "We used to have people that actually lived in the community and wrote stories about it, which was fabulous. But having complained bitterly about all that, if I hadn't had fair media representation, a lot of people wouldn't be housed."
As Hume points out, journalists have the same responsibility to the Downtown Eastside as they do to any other community—to report honestly and accurately. But, especially with this neighbourhood, reporting honestly and accurately means more than stating the facts. It also means understanding what contributes to addiction, prostitution and homelessness. And it means looking beyond those issues to ensure the Downtown Eastside doesn't become shorthand for the country's homelessness and mental health problems. As a resident of the area, Lani Russwurm says, "It often seems that media coverage of the DTES is a way of talking about geography so we can avoid talking about poverty."
Haley Cullingham was the Editor of the Winter 2012 issue of the Ryerson Review of Journalism.
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Pasig City—August 30, 2018— Santé recently held its Annual Business Conference (ABC) 2018, entitled The Big Shift: Building a Future-Proof Business on August 30 at the Bayanihan Center, Pioneer Avenue in Pasig City. It was attended by more than 500 leaders and entrepreneurs.
"We are happy to hold the Annual Business Conference with speakers who get to share their expertise and experience to people who have the same interest in the business. This event marks our commitment to building a strong foundation for our business owners so they can grow with us," said Joey Marcelo, CEO of Santé.
One of the prominent speakers present in the event is Jayson Lo, a best-selling author and entrepreneur, who talked about culture. He shared his experience with companies and how he helps them better understand the culture they belong in. Chinkee Tan, a wealth coach, author, TV, and radio personality, also gave insights on being an influencer. The keynote speaker during ABC is internationally-acclaimed best-selling author and world-renowned trainer in direct selling, Tom 'Big Al' Schreiter, who talked about leadership.
Other presenters during the conference include Randell Tiongson, finance coach, best-selling author, and column writer; Eugene Sugian, digital marketing whiz kid; Alexine Sy, radio DJ and social media influencer; and Dodong Cacanando, motivational and business leadership speaker. They delved on the topic of finance, digital marketing, personal branding, and entrepreneurial, respectively.
Santé's Annual Business Conference started in 2015 and has since then been a highly anticipated event among Santé entrepreneurs. ABC is part of Santé's Engage training series.


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Q: how can I parse only certain part of json file in kotlin? I prepared a data set for the dictionary application I will make and converted this data set to json file. I want to extract the data in this json file according to the letters that the user clicks, for example, if the user clicked on the letter A, the collocations related to A would come, but I could not find how to parse it manually in andorid kotlin compose, can you help?
my json file example
{
    "A": [
        {
            "collocation": "above average",
            "meaning": "more than average, esp. in amount, age, height, weight etc. "
        },
        {
            "collocation": "absolutely necessary",
            "meaning": "totally or completely necessary"
        }
],
"B": [
        {
            "collocation": "back pay",
            "meaning": "money a worker earned in the past but hasn't been paid yet  "
        },
        {
            "collocation": "back road",
            "meaning": "a small country road "
        }
]

presentation layer (view)
 val jsonFileString = viewModel.getJsonDataFromCollocationsJson(context,fileName = "collocations.json")
                                    Log.i("data", jsonFileString?:"null")

                                    val gson = Gson()
                                    val listCollocationType = object : TypeToken<List<Collocations>>() {}.type

                                    var collocations: List<Collocations> = gson.fromJson(jsonFileString, listCollocationType)
                                    collocations.forEachIndexed { idx, Collocations -> Log.i("data", "> Item $idx:\n$Collocations") }

presentation layer (viewmodel)
  fun getJsonDataFromCollocationsJson(context: Context ,fileName:String) : String?{

        var jsonString: String?=null

        try {
             jsonString = context.assets.open(fileName).bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
        }catch (e :IOException){
            e.printStackTrace()
            return null
        }
        return jsonString
    }

When I run this code, I get an error like this. but all data is also coming.
I don't want all data to come
error
/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.enestigli.dictionaryapp, PID: 5885
    com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected BEGIN_ARRAY but was BEGIN_OBJECT at line 1 column 2 path $
        at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:939)
        at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:892)
        at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:841)
        at com.enestigli.dictionaryapp.presentation.CollocationScreen.CollocationScreenKt$gridView$2$1$1$1$1$1$1.invoke(CollocationScreen.kt:166)
        at com.enestigli.dictionaryapp.presentation.CollocationScreen.CollocationScreenKt$gridView$2$1$1$1$1$1$1.invoke(CollocationScreen.kt:158)
        at androidx.compose.foundation.ClickableKt$clickable$4$gesture$1$2.invoke-k-4lQ0M(Clickable.kt:153)
        at androidx.compose.foundation.ClickableKt$clickable$4$gesture$1$2.invoke(Clickable.kt:142)
        at androidx.compose.foundation.gestures.TapGestureDetectorKt$detectTapAndPress$2$1$1.invokeSuspend(TapGestureDetector.kt:220)
        at kotlin.coroutines.jvm.internal.BaseContinuationImpl.resumeWith(ContinuationImpl.kt:33)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.DispatchedTaskKt.resume(DispatchedTask.kt:178)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.DispatchedTaskKt.dispatch(DispatchedTask.kt:166)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.CancellableContinuationImpl.dispatchResume(CancellableContinuationImpl.kt:397)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.CancellableContinuationImpl.resumeImpl(CancellableContinuationImpl.kt:431)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.CancellableContinuationImpl.resumeImpl$default(CancellableContinuationImpl.kt:420)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.CancellableContinuationImpl.resumeWith(CancellableContinuationImpl.kt:328)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.SuspendingPointerInputFilter$PointerEventHandlerCoroutine.offerPointerEvent(SuspendingPointerInputFilter.kt:560)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.SuspendingPointerInputFilter.dispatchPointerEvent(SuspendingPointerInputFilter.kt:452)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.SuspendingPointerInputFilter.onPointerEvent-H0pRuoY(SuspendingPointerInputFilter.kt:465)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:310)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:297)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:297)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:297)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:297)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.Node.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:297)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.NodeParent.dispatchMainEventPass(HitPathTracker.kt:179)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.HitPathTracker.dispatchChanges(HitPathTracker.kt:98)
        at androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.PointerInputEventProcessor.process-BIzXfog(PointerInputEventProcessor.kt:80)
        at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AndroidComposeView.sendMotionEvent-8iAsVTc(AndroidComposeView.android.kt:1261)
        at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AndroidComposeView.handleMotionEvent-8iAsVTc(AndroidComposeView.android.kt:1211)
        at androidx.compose.ui.platform.AndroidComposeView.dispatchTouchEvent(AndroidComposeView.android.kt:1150)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:3121)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2802)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:3121)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2802)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:3121)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2802)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:3121)
        at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2802)
        at com.android.internal.policy.DecorView.superDispatchTouchEvent(DecorView.java:498)
        at com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow.superDispatchTouchEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1899)
        at android.app.Activity.dispatchTouchEvent(Activity.java:4262)
E/AndroidRuntime:     at com.android.internal.policy.DecorView.dispatchTouchEvent(DecorView.java:456)
        at android.view.View.dispatchPointerEvent(View.java:15263)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.processPointerEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:6548)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.onProcess(ViewRootImpl.java:6348)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:5804)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:5861)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:5827)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:5992)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:5835)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:6049)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:5808)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:5861)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:5827)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:5835)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:5808)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl.deliverInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:8857)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doProcessInputEvents(ViewRootImpl.java:8808)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl.enqueueInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:8777)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl$WindowInputEventReceiver.onInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:8980)
        at android.view.InputEventReceiver.dispatchInputEvent(InputEventReceiver.java:267)
        at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
        at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:335)
        at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:161)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7898)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:936)
        Suppressed: kotlinx.coroutines.DiagnosticCoroutineContextException: [androidx.compose.ui.platform.MotionDurationScaleImpl@8b42480, androidx.compose.runtime.BroadcastFrameClock@2d2bab9, StandaloneCoroutine{Cancelling}@cb40efe, AndroidUiDispatcher@baff65f]
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected BEGIN_ARRAY but was BEGIN_OBJECT at line 1 column 2 path $
        at com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader.beginArray(JsonReader.java:350)
        at com.google.gson.internal.bind.CollectionTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.read(CollectionTypeAdapterFactory.java:80)
        at com.google.gson.internal.bind.CollectionTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.read(CollectionTypeAdapterFactory.java:61)
        at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:927)

A: Have I understood your question properly:

*

*User enters a letter, say "B"

*You want your application to provide the "collocations" for B, i.e. "back pay" and "back road"

*So you are proposing reading a part of the JSON file to retrieve only the "B" data?

If so, only parsing part of JSON file will be hard, since you will have to parse it anyway to find the start of the A data, the start of the B data, etc.
Why not read it all into a Map<String, List<Collocations>> where the Map's key is A, B, etc and then you can just access the map with the desired letter.
But perhaps you don't want to do this, because, say, the data is too large.  OK, well since you say you authored the JSON file... just create many JSON files - one for each letter? A.json, B.json, etc

You said in a comment

so can you tell me how can I read all data from json file ? because you said reading a specific data from json file is hard. I am getting below error when I try to read data from json

The error com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected BEGIN_ARRAY but was BEGIN_OBJECT at line 1 column 2 path $
is simply because your source String isn't actually JSON.
You have a Log statement Log.i("data", jsonFileString?:"null") what is that showing?  Are you seeing your JSON file at this time?
This following code works - but notice I am inlining the JSON data, rather than reading from a resource file which is not what you want to do, but shows you the JSON parsing code - you just need debug your file reading:
import com.google.common.reflect.TypeToken
import com.google.gson.Gson

data class Collocation(
    val collocation: String,
    val meaning: String,
)

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val jsonFileString = getJsonDataFromCollocationsJson(fileName = "collocations.json")
    println(jsonFileString)

    val gson = Gson()
    val listCollocationType = object : TypeToken<Map<String, List<Collocation>>>() {}.type

    var collocationsByLetter: Map<String, List<Collocation>> = gson.fromJson(jsonFileString, listCollocationType)
    collocationsByLetter.forEach { letter, collocations ->
        println("$letter : $collocations")
    }

}

fun getJsonDataFromCollocationsJson(fileName: String) =
    """
        {
          "A": [
            {
              "collocation": "above average",
              "meaning": "more than average, esp. in amount, age, height, weight etc. "
            },
            {
              "collocation": "absolutely necessary",
              "meaning": "totally or completely necessary"
            }
          ],
          "B": [
            {
              "collocation": "back pay",
              "meaning": "money a worker earned in the past but hasn't been paid yet  "
            },
            {
              "collocation": "back road",
              "meaning": "a small country road "
            }
          ]
        }
    """.trimIndent()

prints (after the JSON)
A : [Collocation(collocation=above average, meaning=more than average, esp. in amount, age, height, weight etc. ), Collocation(collocation=absolutely necessary, meaning=totally or completely necessary)]
B : [Collocation(collocation=back pay, meaning=money a worker earned in the past but hasn't been paid yet  ), Collocation(collocation=back road, meaning=a small country road )]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


By not having to reach into their pockets, they are no longer giving police officers suspicion they are armed.
About the police shootings in Baton Rouge and Minnesota: Since most male drivers carry their driver's license in their back pockets, I think driver's licenses and registration cards should be displayed outside their pockets, on their sunshade for example, where cab drivers display them. Or any other place in the front of the car without having to reach for a pocket.
By not having to reach into their pockets, they are no longer giving police officers suspicion they are armed. This idea is not nearly the wisdom of ages needed to reconcile blacks and whites, but it's a start in preserving drivers' lives.


N.O.G features Dale Thompson (Bride) and Nenel Lucena on lead guitar, Alexandre Aposan on drums and Raphael Dafras on bass.
With Dale hailing from New Zealand, the rest of these very talented musicians hail from the beautiful country of Brazil. Despite the distance between them, this talented bunch was able to come together and bring you this most excellent debut wall shaking, heart stopping, and super heavy metal shredder, quite possibly the hardest rocking album you have ever heard Dale take the helm for.


Luxxi Salon raised $2,000 for the Don't be a Chump! Check for a Lump! 501(c)3 nonprofit organization Thursday, Oct. 19 during a Game of Thrones-inspired fashion show.
About 130 people attended the show and helped contribute to the fight against breast cancer and to help research to combat the disease. Luxxi Salon is at 10855 N Tatum Blvd. in Phoenix. "We really believed this was a good thing to do every October," said Luxxi Salon owner Jill Brimhall during an Oct. 23 phone interview.
"We have had a such a positive response — and since Game of Thrones has one more season — we asked about possibly doing the same theme next year. We love the dragons and we loved the costumes — we will play it by ear." Mr. Brimhall says this was the inaugural presentaion of the annual fundrasiing event for the Don't be a Chump! Check for a Lump! nonprofit organizaton.


4 And leads me — o'er lawns — to her home.
8 And deck'd the sod seats at her door.
12 Love slily stole into my breast!
16 But take me, fond shepherd — I'm thine.
17 Her air was so modest, her aspect so meek!
18 So simple, yet sweet, were her charms!
20 And lock'd the lov'd maid in my arms.
24 Her image still softens my dream.
28 And point out new themes for my muse.
32 And shepherds have nam'd her CONTENT.
Title (in Source Edition): CONTENT: A PASTORAL.


If you are sure that somebody signed up through your affiliate link but did not get credited to your partners account please contact us with your partners username and the player's casino/poker/sportsbook username and we will get the account tagged to you.
Mentat: what is your plan shipitbro?
what is your plan shipitbro?


text:
\section{ Introduction}
Control in Brownian ratchets has been attracting considerable attention in recent years mainly due to their potential applications in diverse fields \cite{Roman, Reimann, Savel, Linke}. There are two control strategies: open-loop and closed-loop. In the first kind of strategies, the tuning of the control parameter is made without using any information about the state of the system. In contrast, in the second control policy, the modulation of the control parameter depends on the state of the system. In the present work, a close-loop control protocol is implemented in a system where the particle positions are monitored.

The system consists on an ensemble of Brownian particles in a flashing ratchet potential that can be switched on or off depending on the position of particles, with the aim of maximising the center-of-mass position of the system. Previous papers have shown that some closed-loop protocols are optimal for one particle and perform better than any periodic open-loop flashing for
ensembles of moderate sizes, but is defeated by random or periodic switching for large ensembles \cite{Dinis,Cao}.

Nevertheless, the search of an optimal protocol to maximise the flux of particles is still an open question \cite{FeitoCao}. In this letter we propose a feedback control protocol built by using tools of the theory of control in stochastic systems, in particular, the principle of Bellman. Due to the generality of the principles employed, the results are useful to optimise systems of small size in which the fluctuations play a dominant role.

\section{The model}
	The system we consider here is an ensemble of $N$ overdamped Brownian particles at temperature $T$ in an asymmetric periodic potential that can be swiched on or off. The dynamics of the system is described by the Langevin equation

\begin{equation} \label{langevin}
\eta \dot{x_{i}}(t)=\alpha(t) F(x_{i}(t))+\xi_{i}(t);\qquad i=1,\cdots, N,
\end{equation}

where $x_i(t)$ is the position of particle $i$, $\eta$ is the friction coefficient and $\xi_i (t)$ are the thermal noise with zero mean and correlation $\langle \xi_{i}(t) \xi_{j}(t')\rangle = 2\eta kT \delta_{ij}\delta(t-t')$. The parameter $\alpha(t)$ is the control parameter which is assumed that can take on values 1 and 0 depending whether the potential is switched on or off, respectively. The force, which represents the effect of the potential when the ratchet is on, is given by ${F(x)=-V'(x)}$. We have considered as the ratchet potential ${V(x)}$ \cite{Reimann}:

\begin{equation}	\label{potential}
V(x)=V_{0} \Big( \sin(\frac{2 \pi x}{L})+0.25\sin(\frac{4\pi x}{L}) \Big)
\end{equation}

with ${L=3}$. Without loss of generality, we can set $\eta=1$ and $kT=1$, giving a diffusion coefficient $D=kT/\eta=1$ and leaving potential intensity $V_0$ as the only free parameter.

The Langevin equation can be written for each particle using the forward Euler discretisation as follows:

\begin{equation}
\label{euler}
\begin{split}
x_i(t_k)= x_i(t_{k-1}) +\alpha_k F(x_i(t_{k-1})) \Delta t + \Delta W; \\
 i=1,\ldots, N; k=0,\ldots,M; t_k=k\Delta t, \alpha_k=\alpha(t_k).
\end{split}
\end{equation}

The increment ${\Delta W}$ represents the thermal noise. We have used a normally distributed  pseudo-random number with mean 0 and standard deviation $\sigma=\sqrt{2D\Delta t} $. The time step used in the simulations is set to ${\Delta t}=0.005$.

We will be interested in maximising the average particle flow after some, generally large, operation time $t_M$
\begin{equation}
\langle \bar x(t_M)\rangle=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\langle x_i(t_M)\rangle.
\end{equation}
Here and in the following $\bar\cdot$ represents a particle average and $\langle \cdot\rangle$ an average over realizations of the thermal noise.
The average particle flow can be written in terms of the position change in every step $\Delta x_i(t_k)=x_i(t_k)-x_i(t_{k-1})$ as follows:

\begin{equation}	\label{eq.4}
\langle \bar x(t_M) \rangle=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N\sum_{k=1}^{M} \langle \Delta x_i(t_{k}) \rangle= \sum_{k=0}^{M-1} {\langle \alpha_{k} \bar F(t_{k})\rangle} \Delta t
\end{equation}

where we have used the zero mean property of the noise and the force per particle $\bar F(t_{k})=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N F(x_i(t_k))$.

As the time step $\Delta t$ is constant, the maximisation of the particle flow is equivalent to the maximisation of:

\begin{equation}	\label{eq_JM}
	J_{M-1}(\vec x,t_{M-1}{,t_{M-2},\dots,t_0} )\equiv \sum_{k=0}^{M-1} {\langle \alpha_k  \bar F(t_k) \rangle}
\end{equation}
with $\vec x=(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_N)$. {$J_{M-1}$ represents the objective function to maximise with respect to the choice of the state of the potential $\alpha$ as a function of the position of the particles and the number of decisions still to make in the trajectory.}

{The procedure to maximise functions $J_{M-1}$ is backwards recursive, so we will start by optimising a trajectory of just one time step, with only one decision to make.}
Rewriting Eq.~\eqref{eq_JM} for just one step ($M=1$) and optimising we obtain:

\begin{equation}	\label{eq.local}
\hat{J}_0(\vec{x}(t_{0}))= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}
\bar F(t_{0}), &  \textrm{if } \bar F(t_{0}) >0, {(\alpha_0=1)}  \\ 0, &   \textrm{if }\bar F(t_{0})<0 , {(\alpha_0=0)}
\end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
{Inside parenthesis we have indicated the value of $\alpha_0$ to be chosen to obtain the maximum average forward movement $\hat J_0$ in each case.}
 From condition \eqref{eq.local}, in principle, we can obtain a region in a {$N$}-dimensional space in which the potential should be on {and a region where it should be off}. It is depicted in figures \ref{fig.1} and \ref{fig.2} for the case of 2 particles {by means of the boundary separating both regions. }

	In \cite{Cao,Dinis} a protocol that maximises instantaneous center-of-mass speed is analysed and performs better than any periodic or random switching for low number of particles. This {\em local} time protocol consists in switching the ratchet potential on when $\bar F >0 $ and switching it off when $\bar F <0 $,
 {which corresponds to using the criterion for $\alpha$ expressed in Eq.~\eqref{eq.local} at every time step in the trajectory. We will compare the performance of the global optimal decision protocol against this local one.}

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Im1_onoff}
\caption{Critical boundaries for $D=1$, $V_0=5kT$, one step (blue circles) and 100 steps before the end of operation (steady state) (red thin line). The black solid line represents one period of the potential felt by the particles.\label{fig.1} }
\end{figure}

	To find a {\em global} time strategy, one that optimises the total center-of-mass motion after a number of steps, we have applied Bellman's criterion\cite{Layton}. Bellman's criterion allows to find the complete sequence of optimal decisions by backwards recursion. The optimal strategy can be calculated in terms of the state $\vec x(t_k)$ of the system in each time step, which allows the application of the criterion as a feedback protocol. Bellman's criterion establishes that given a certain initial condition (in this case, a certain position for each particle) the optimal sequence of decisions is independent of whichever the past strategies that led to the given initial condition. This breaks a dynamics optimization problem into simpler subproblems.

	{One of the  consequences of the Bellman's criterion is that Eq. \eqref{eq.local}  constitutes an {\em optimal decision map} that can be used for the last step of every trajectory to ensure maximum displacement.}

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{schematic_2}
\caption{ {Schematic of the two-step decision process for $2$ particles described in the text. a) In the first step, both possible decisions are tried at a given $\vec x(t_0)$. An advancement $\alpha_0\bar F(x(t_0))$ is produced. b) After evolution, the state is now $\vec x(t_1)$. Then, the previous optimal decision map is used to ensure maximum advancement $\hat J_0(\vec x(t_1))$ in the last step. c) This forward motion has to be weighted by the probability of getting from $\vec x(t_0)$ to $\vec x(t_1)$ with a given state of the potential $\alpha_0$. d) The total average forward motion $J_1(\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0)$ is then maximized with respect to $\alpha_0$ and the optimal decision assigned to the point $\vec x(t_0)$. The process is then repeated for the next $\vec x(t_0)$ in the grid in order to build the full decision map for a two-step process.\label{fig_schematic_2}} }
\end{figure}

Let us now imagine we have a 2-step trajectory to optimise and we start in a state of the system $\vec x(t_0)$. {The schematic of the following decision process is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig_schematic_2} for the case of 2 particles (for reasons that will become apparent later, we have discretized the full space of positions in a two-dimensional grid).} In principle, we can choose to switch on or off the potential at this first time step.  After this first decision, particles will jump stochastically and end up in a different state $\vec x(t_1)$. Bellman's criterion tells us that whatever decision we took before, the optimal decision protocol should now choose according to \eqref{eq.local}, as this is the last step. {Thus, Bellman's criterion allows us to fix the optimal choice for the last step so that the value of $J_1 (\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0)$ and the optimal decision $\alpha_0$ depend only on the position of the particles at $t_0$ and not at $t_1$. This allows us to construct an optimal decision map to use when there are still two steps before the end of the trajectory.}

In the final step, an advancement of $\hat J_0(\vec x(t_1))$ will be obtained, but only with a probability $\rho(\vec x(t_1)|\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0)$ of jumping from $\vec x(t_0)$ to $\vec x(t_1)$ with  $\alpha_0$ state of the potential. Averaging, the total movement in these 2 steps would be:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq_J1J0}
\begin{split}
J_1(\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0)=\alpha_0\bar F(x(t_0)) \\+ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}d^N\vec x(t_1) \rho(\vec x(t_1)|\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0) \hat J_0(x(t_1))
\end{split}
\end{equation}

{We could now compare the result of $J_1$ for  $\alpha_0=\{0,1\}$
 to obtain the optimal decision for $\alpha$ at $t_0$ (the best first decision),} and the corresponding maximum forward movement for 2 time steps
\begin{equation}
\hat J_1(\vec x(t_0))=\max\{J_1(\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0=0),J_1(\vec x(t_0),\alpha_0=1)\},
\end{equation}
as a function of $\vec x(t_0)$.

To proceed further, we need to compute the probability density $\rho(\vec x(t_k)|\vec x(t_{k-1}),\alpha(t_{k-1}))$ of a general jump. Using Langevin equation (\ref{langevin}) we deduce than in order for the particle to end in $\vec x(t_k)$ after a $\Delta t$ starting from $\vec x(t_{k-1})$, the Brownian increments have to fulfill:

\begin{equation}        \label{eq.9}
{\Delta W_i}= \left[x_i(t_k) - x_i(t_{k-1})\right]-\alpha_{k-1}{F(x_i(t_{k-1}))} \Delta t
\end{equation}

The quantities $\Delta W_i$ are normally distributed and uncorrelated with each other and thus:

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\rho( \vec{x}(t_{k})|\vec{x}(t_{k-1}),\alpha_{k-1})=\frac{1}{(2 \pi 2 D \Delta t)^{\frac{N}{2}}} \times & \\ \exp{\left(-\frac{\sum_j^N\big(x_{j}(t_k) - x_{j}(t_{k-1})-\alpha_{k-1} F(x_{j}(t_{k-1}))\Delta t \big)^2}{2D \Delta t}\right)}&
\end{split}
\label{eq.10}
\end{equation}

Finally we just have to substitute \eqref{eq.10} in \eqref{eq_J1J0} to compute the needed integrals.

Finding the optimal decisions for a longer trajectory requires a completely analogous recursive method. Applying the recurrence to the last $k$ steps of a trajectory that starts at $\vec x(t_{M-k})$, the optimal $k$-th decision can be found from the knowledge of $\hat J_{k-1}$ by comparing $J_{k}(\vec x(t_{M-k}),0)$ and $J_{k}(\vec x(t_{M-k}),1)$, with:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq_JkJk-1}
\begin{split}
J_k&(\vec x(t_{M-k}),\alpha_{M-k})=\alpha_{M-k}\bar F(\vec x(t_{M-k}))\\ +& \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}d^N\vec x(t_{M-k+1}) \rho(\vec x(t_{M-k+1})|\vec x(t_{M-k}),\alpha_{M-k}) \\\hat J_{k-1}&(\vec x(t_{M-k+1}))
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Solving the recursion analytically for any number of steps resulted a challenging task. Instead one can discretise the space of particle positions and solve the integrals numerically at every point of an $N$-dimensional grid.
We were able to compute $J_k$ functions for the case of two Brownian particles, where we can already notice a substantial difference between the global and local optimisation and which simplifies both the graphical representation and the identification of the mechanisms involved in explaining the differences.

For two particles, it suffices to compute the value of every $\hat J_k$ at every point of a grid in the square $(x_1,x_2)\in[0,L)\times[0,L)$ with periodic boundary conditions, due to the periodicity of the potential.
The integrals were calculated in an interval centered in every point of the grid $(x_1(t_{M-k}),x_2(t_{M-k}))$ with three standard deviation of length in each direction and using the boundary conditions.

\section{Results}

	The result of the calculations returns for each point of the square grid both the optimal decision to take with regard to switching or not the potential and the maximum average center of mass movement corresponding to that (and subsequent) optimal decision. This optimal maps (one for each time step) consist of two distinct regions separated by a critical boundary where either decision yields the same results on average.
If the position of the particles corresponds to a point in the region inside the border, the optimal choice is switching on the potential; whereas if the position corresponds to a point outside the border, the optimal choice is switching it off.  For the sake of clarity we will just show the critical boundary in the figures.

        When Bellman's criterion is applied backwards in time recursively, the border experiences deformations step by step.  After a sufficiently large number of steps, a stationary state is achieved and the critical boundary does not vary between a given instant and the previous one. Actually, the stationary critical region is the most relevant one because it gives the optimal decision policy when operating the ratchet in the steady state

         In fig.\ref{fig.1}, we show the critical boundary of the system for the last step and for 100 steps before, when the system is in a steady state, for a diffusion coefficient of $D=1$ and $V_0=5kT$. A representation of the potential is provided as well in order to facilitate data reading. As explained before, the map for the last step corresponds to the choices the local time protocol will follow at every instant.

        We carried out the same computations for a lower value of the potential. Fig.~\ref{fig.2} represents the critical boundary for $D=1$, $V_0=1kT$.
\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Im2_onoff}
\caption{Critical boundaries for $D=1$, $V_0=1kT$, one step (blue thick line) and 100 steps before the end of operation (steady state) (red thin line).\label{fig.2} The black solid line represents one period of the potential felt by the particles. }
\end{figure}

Using Langevin equation \eqref{langevin}, we have simulated  the motion of two particles when operating following the prescription determined through Bellman's criterion and compared it to the result when the local time protocol is used. The results are plotted in fig.~\ref{fig.3}.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Im3}
\caption{Langevin equation simulation using the local time protocol (black dashed line) and the stationary global strategy (blue solid line) for $D=1$, $V_0=5kT$.}
\label{fig.3}
\end{figure}
        Each point in the figure is the mean of the position of the center of mass over 100 simulations. It is clear that Bellman's strategy (blue) produces a larger center of mass shifting than the local time strategy (black).

For a lower value of the potential ($V_0=1kT$), both strategies become very similar and the global one only beats the local one by a smaller amount (not shown).

\section{Discussion}
Following the prescription computed using Bellman's criterion produces a higher center-of-mass speed than local optimisation in the long run. Figures \ref{fig.1} and \ref{fig.2} are suggestive of a possible explanation for this effect. There are essentially two regions where the global and local strategies differ, marked in figure \ref{fig.1} with dashed rectangles for clarity. The other two unmarked regions are simply the reflections of the latter by the bisector of the first quadrant, which correspond to switching particle positions and therefore the same explanation applies, switching particle labels 1 and 2.

Region A corresponds to a situation where particle 1 is near or not too far from the maximum and feels a positive force and particle 2 is in a negative force region but close to the minimum of the potential. In this situation, local optimization switches off the potential since the total force on the particles is negative due to the asymmetry of the potential. It is however not difficult to predict what will happen if we nevertheless switch on the potential and let the system evolve as the global optimization strategy suggests, at least in the limit of low noise. Initially the center of mass will in fact go backwards since total force is negative (particle 2 will move backwards faster than particle 1 will move forward). However, after a short time particle 2 will reach the minimum of the potential and effectively stop on average (it will fluctuate around the minimum). In the meantime, particle 1 will probably move forward until it reaches the next minimum, compensating and even exceeding particle 2 retrograde movement. As a result, the center of mass will have moved forward when particle 1 reaches the next minimum. Global optimization beats local optimization by using a prediction of what will happen based on the probability of each possible evolution computed from the dynamics.

Let us turn our attention now to region B, where particle 1 is close to the maximum in a region of small negative force and particle 2 in a positive force region of the potential. Local optimization prescribes switching it on. The most probable outcome of this action is that particle $2$ will move forward and particle 1 will move backwards away from the maximum until the backward force is big enough and the local protocol prescribes switching the potential off. In order for the center of mass to continue moving forward, particle 1 must diffuse with the potential off until it reaches again the position of the maximum and overcomes it.
On the other hand, the global protocol prescribes keeping the potential off
 and wait until it crosses the position of the maximum of the potential. Compared to the situation described for the local protocol, now the distance to overcome by diffusion is smaller, and so is the time on average one has to wait with the potential off.

Combining these two mechanisms the global protocol beats the local one, which already produces a faster movement for 2 particles compared to the open-loop protocols.

Increasing the noise-potential ratio in the system, that is, increasing temperature or conversely decreasing the potential, modifies the global stationary map. As explained before, the global criterion relies on a prediction of what will happen based on the dynamics of the system. As the evolution becomes noisier, future positions of the particles become increasingly uncorrelated to actual positions, and the global protocol necessarily becomes more local in time, its boundary becoming closer to the boundary for the local protocol.

\section{Conclusions}

We have devised a close-loop control protocol for a system of independent Brownian particles in a flashing ratchet potential. The aim of the protocol, which is based on a switching policy depending on the position of the particles, is the maximisation of the center of mass of the system. The strategy is based on the Bellman's criterion that allows to find a complete sequence of optimal decisions by a backwards recursive method. It is worth noting that this method is a global optimisation protocol, in contrast to usual control strategies which are local. The optimal protocol was solved numerically for a systems of two Brownian particles, and it produces a larger shifting of the center of mass, in the steady state, than the local protocol. The algorithm is very general and could be applied to any system with white noise (either Gaussian or not) and to different target functions, not just the average current.

Finally, the optimal closed-loop strategy could be implemented in systems where the particles are monitored, as in some experimental realizations of colloidal particles in liquids \cite{Marquet, Bader}
\section{Acknowledgments}
L.D.~ acknowledges support from grant ENFASIS (FIS2011-22644) form Spanish Government and MODELICO-CM (S2009/ESP-1691) from Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. F.R.~ acknowledges financial support from Ministerio de Educaci\'on, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) through Becas de Colaboraci\'on program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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The Construction Industry: A Hidden Culprit to Global Warming
BluEntCAD
Download Our Sustainability Brochure
"If we buy the wrong TV we're saddled with it for a few years. If we buy the wrong sandwich we're only saddled with it for the afternoon. But if we buy the wrong building, we're saddled with it for far longer," answered Peter Morris principal of the construction consultancy Davis Langdon, in response to a question by a leading Indian magazine, BusinessWeek.
Build green building and promote global environmental responsibility. Build green and save money.
Increasing environmental consciousness among people, international outcry for a "cleaner, greener and safer Earth", greenhouse issues raised by the environmentalists from the different corners of world are compelling architectural firms, real estate developers, home builders, virtual building solutions provider to focus on sustainable green building.
The architecture industry has a profound impact on our daily lives. Contrary to this belief that transportation industry is largely responsible for climate change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, buildings are the single largest contributors to global warming.
According to the US Energy Information Administration, buildings are responsible for almost half (48%) of all energy consumption and Green House Gas emissions annually. Globally the percentage is even greater. Architectural buildings including residential, commercial and industrial buildings consume 76% of total U.S. electricity generation.
The story does not end here. Building industry also generates tons of wastage materials which distort the soil structure and pollute environment largely. For example, the architecture industry in UK produces nearly 20 percent of all UK waste, equating to approximately 90 million tonnes sent to landfill every year.
This figure is sufficient enough to prove the impact of architecture industry on ecological system. In the US alone, more than 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) of open space, wildlife SUPS habitat, and wetlands are developed each year. More commercial and residential building will be developed in the coming years.
More energy and water consumption will alternate the ecological balance and healthy atmosphere. Immediate action in the building sector is required if we want to avoid the coming grave crisis. Architectural firms can gift us a green tomorrow as 80% of the sustainable design decisions that affect a building's energy performance are made by architect at the design phase.
With gradual advancement in technology and engineering, Architectural firm can evaluate the energy performance of a building at the early stage of designing building process.
Architectural firms can benefit the world with green tomorrow reducing the carbon footprints and sending less greenhouse gas in atmosphere. 38% of total amount of carbon dioxide in U.S. can be attributed to buildings, 21 percent from homes and 17.5 percent from commercial uses. More emphasis on green building by architectural firms indicates more sustainable and green cities being built. Go Green now…Save green tomorrow.
Movies like "An Inconvenient Truth" by Al Gore; "The Day After Tomorrow" and recently released "2012" directed by Roland Emmerich; the international panel for Climate Change; and environmentalists – all are raising various issues related to climate change and trying to rouse environmental awareness among people around the globe, advocating decisive action to make societies green and sustainable. Architectural firms should join the movement and emphasize their focus on green building to stabilize the environment.
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CAD Evangelist. "The Construction Industry: A Hidden Culprit to Global Warming" CAD Evangelist, Jan. 17, 2019, https://www.bluentcad.com/blog/the-architecture-industry-a-hidden-culprit-to-global-warming/.
CAD Evangelist. (2019, January 17). The Construction Industry: A Hidden Culprit to Global Warming . Retrieved from https://www.bluentcad.com/blog/the-architecture-industry-a-hidden-culprit-to-global-warming/
CAD Evangelist. "The Construction Industry: A Hidden Culprit to Global Warming" CAD Evangelist https://www.bluentcad.com/blog/the-architecture-industry-a-hidden-culprit-to-global-warming/ (accessed January 17, 2019 ).
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Doro - Warlock - Triumph & Agony Live (CD+Blu-ray)
Digipak + Blu-ray. Here's something big coming up! In celebration of 35 years of her classic album "Triumph And Agony" Doro Pesch Of Warlock will release "Triumph And Agony Live" in various formats including CD, vinyl, cassette, Blu-ray and a great boxset on September 24th! Doro says: "It was always
Digipak + Blu-ray. Here's something big coming up! In celebration of 35 years of her classic album "Triumph And Agony" Doro Pesch Of Warlock will release "Triumph And Agony Live" in various formats including CD, vinyl, cassette, Blu-ray and a great boxset on September 24th! Doro says: "It was always my dream to play the "Triumph And Agony" album in it's entirety live. The first time we did it was at Sweden Rock followed by a big tour in the USA and Spain, and more large festival shows like Graspop and Norway Rock." Now it's finally done: a great live album/Blu-ray called "Triumph And Agony Live". "It's one of my favorite records we've ever done! It includes some of our big classic anthems like ´All We Are´, ´Für Immer´ and ´I Rule The Ruins´ as well as fan favorites like ´Metal Tango´, ´Three Minute Warning´, ´Kiss Of Death´ and ´East Meets West´, not to forget headbanging album opener ´Touch Of Evil´. I'm super excited to let the fans hear and see it!"
01. Legacy
02. Touch Of Evil
03. I Rule The Ruins
04. East Meets West
05. Three Minute Warning
06. Kiss Of Death
07. FÜR Immer
08. Cold Cold World
09. Make Time For Love
10. Metal Tango
11. All We Are
Item No. RDP0024B
Format CD+Blu-ray
Sjanger Metal
Se alt av Doro


Original Canvas (20 x 16 inches) – Acrylic on canvas, framed in light wood (no glass).
The 'bear' symbol was important as it represented a protector of children and women and symbolized courage, physical strength and leadership. Bears are strong, agile, and quick. The black bear and the Grizzly were native to North America. The meaning of the Bear Symbol was to signify a good omen and convey authority. The brown bear could be found across Eurasia and North America and is the source of our beloved Teddy Bear. The Egyptian pygmy god, Bes (a half-lion, half- bear) was also a protector of children.


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Home / Announcements / The Presidential Library's opening hours in January
The Presidential Library's opening hours in January
In Junuary the Presidential Library is opened as follows:
Opening hours of the electronic reading room:
Monday - Saturday: from 11:00 - 19:00 (entrance to the building is carried out until 18:00),
Sunday - day off.
More information about visiting the electronic reading room is available by phone (812) 305-16-31 or e-mail address: reference@prlib.ru.
Exhibition halls opening hours:
Monday - Thursday: 09:00 - 18:00,
Saturday: 09:00 to 18:00,
In order to make a tour around the building and exhibitions of the Presidential Library please call (812) 334-25-14, e-mail address: excursion@prlib.ru.
When entering the library the temperature control will carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. Visitors must use personal protective equipment and keep social distance.
Entrance to the Presidential Library is carried out upon showing an identity document (a passport).
Please note that detailed information about the Presidential Library is available on the institution's portal www.prlib.ru, президентская-библиотека.рф and the institution's official pages on social networks Facebook, VKontakte and Instagram, as well as on the official pages of the Tyumen branch of the Presidential Library VKontakte and Instagram.


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Research success stories
Research Publications and Strategic Plans
Incremental Project Grant
What we do & who can help
Council for Responsible Innovation and Technology
Survey Research Centre partnership
Futures Framework
Research equity and inclusion
Canada Research Chair public accountability
Raising equity awareness strategy
Current CRC equity targets and data
Waterloo's CRC Equity Action Plan (public report)
Waterloo's CRCs
CRC position management
EDII resources and guides
Research Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (REDI) Council
Find and apply for funding
When awarded
Research with animals
Research using remains, tissue or bodily fluids
Research ethics system login
Research ethics system training
Reporting a breach
What is a breach
Breach histories
Investigational process
Prestigious Awards
Technology transfer and commercialization
Commercialization services
Work with WatCo
Commercialization success
Protecting your intellectual property (IP)
University of Waterloo Commercialization Framework
COVID-19 and research
Principal Investigator's Handbook
Research ethics system
Non-profit/public sector
Among the drivers of our successes at the University of Waterloo is our commitment to commercialization and entrepreneurship. Much of our activity results in taking research from foundational queries in our labs and classrooms to high societal, technological, and economic impact.
At Waterloo, we are also committed to developing prosperity by and for our local region through commercialization and entrepreneurship. We have many start-ups born from our labs that have gone on to excel in their very own boardrooms. Velocity alone has incubated more than 400 companies since 2008, creating more than 5000 jobs. Our office is here to help you thrive on your commercialization and entrepreneurship journey.
In the following sections you'll find tools, resources, and opportunities that can help you develop your commercialization and entrepreneurship goals. To support a strong Ontario economy, the Government of Ontario has created a new agency, Intellectual Property Ontario (IPON), which will provide Intellectual Property (IP) knowledge, advice, and services to support innovators, researchers, businesses, and entrepreneurs in Ontario. This agency was created under the recommendation of the province's IP Action Plan.
Under the Commercialization Mandate Agreement (CMA) framework, which developed best practices guidelines for technology transfer offices at colleges and universities, Waterloo has curated these helpful resources for you to consider. The proactive management and commercialization of IP for the socio-economic benefit of Ontario is our collective interest. I am personally committed to advancing these goals. We encourage you to reach out to us as you engage in IP and commercialization activities.
Charmaine B. Dean, Vice-President, Research and International
1. The management and protection of Intellectual Property (IP)
The University embraces a creator-own IP policy that serves to incentivize campus innovators to invest the requisite time and effort to translate their research discoveries into products, services and policies that provide societal and economic benefits to Ontario.
For more information on IP ownership (including IP disclosure requirements) at the University, please refer to Policy 73 – Intellectual Property Rights.
The Waterloo Commercialization Office (WatCo) provides IP management and commercialization support to clients under pre-arranged terms. It also provides IP-related advice to the campus community, including IP educational and awareness programs (as further described in Section 4).
For inquiries or information on IP-related matters, please contact WatCo.
In addition, the University provides a wide range of advisory programs and services to facilitate entrepreneurship and commercialization. These are provided via various units and channels including the Conrad School of Entrepreneurship and Business, Velocity Incubator, GreenHouse and Grebel Peace Incubator.
For more information on these advisory services, please visit innovation.uwaterloo.ca
2. Roles and responsibilities
The Office of the Vice-President, Research and International is chiefly responsible for the commercialization and entrepreneurship operations at the University and achieves the mission of this enterprise through areas and units in its portfolio. Relevant roles and responsibilities in the Office are listed below:
Charmaine Dean, Vice-President, Research and International
Karim Karim, Associate, Vice-President, Commercialization and Entrepreneurship
Scott Inwood, Director, Commercialization, Waterloo Commercialization Office (WatCo)
Adrien Cote, Executive Director, Velocity
John Dick, Director, Velocity Campus
Sarrah Lal, Director, Velocity Incubator
Mike Szarka, Director, Research Partnerships
Please do not hesitate to contact these leaders (or members of their teams) should you need more information or support for your commercialization activities.
3. IP education and awareness
The University provides a full suite of opportunities for IP education and awareness for researchers through various programs and channels. These programs, an important aspect of driving and supporting entrepreneurship activities at the University, include short-term courses, seminars, workshops, training programs, and online resources and supports, and are offered through various academic and non-academic departments including WatCo, Velocity, Co-op Experiential Education, the Conrad School of Entrepreneurship and Business, the University Centres and Institutes and Academic Faculties. These programs cover topics that include but are not limited to:
IP protection and patents
Generating and commercializing IP
Copyright and trademark protections
Licensing and IP in research data management
Rights and responsibilities around IP
For more information on available training programs or events in the University, please contact WatCo.
Further, external opportunities for formal IP educational courses can be accessed through the following:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
IP Academy (a federal government initiative)
IPON (a provincial government agency)
4. Disclosure of IP
Under the University's Policy 73 – Intellectual Property Rights, there is a mandatory requirement for faculty members to disclose IP and commercialization information directly related to their research activities, supported by the institution's resources, but excluding personal consulting and other private business activities. On an annual basis, concurrent with the annual performance review period, all faculty members are required to disclose their IP or commercialization activities using the Electronic IP and Commercialization Activity Disclosure form. Faculty members with no new information to report are still required to submit a 'null' report, which takes less than a minute to complete.
Metrics collected from these disclosures are used to meet reporting requirements from governments, including the Ontario Commercialization Mandate Agreement framework, and provided to various agencies such as ranking agencies that evaluate and rank commercialization activities nationally and globally. Participating in the disclosure process, helps the University maintain its position as a leader in innovation and commercialization in Ontario and Canada.
Data provided remain confidential and will be used internally for reporting purposes and in aggregate for external reporting.
For more information on disclosure of IP/commercialization activities, please visit the Policy 73 webpage.
For additional inquiries or information, please send a message to policy73form@uwaterloo.ca
5. Commercialization advice and benefit to Ontario
A significant portion of the University's research activity is linked to industry-sponsored research projects. The University pursues research partnerships with a wide range of companies, more than half of which have operations domiciled in Ontario. These partnerships confer numerous benefits to the sponsoring companies as well as to faculty and student researchers.
Research Partnerships, a unit in the Office of Research, works with researchers to negotiate customized IP and commercialization rights within industry-sponsored contracts. Researchers are encouraged to engage with this unit at the earliest practical time to obtain advice on securing IP and commercialization rights that are equitably structured and provide benefits to both the sponsoring company and the researchers involved.
For information on industry-sponsored research, please contact the Research Partnerships office.
IP creators on campus have access to programs and services that can support their commercialization and entrepreneurship activities.
To find the right advisory group for your commercialization needs, please visit innovation.uwaterloo.ca
Commercialization of IP is often pursued through the creation of start-up companies that are focused on resourcing, planning, and executing on strategies to bring new products and services to the market. Naturally, most start-ups are created in our local communities and stay in Ontario for several reasons, including the province's attractive incorporation laws, tax rates, access to a highly skilled and educated workforce and access to provincially-leveraged research and development funding opportunities.
To better understand the benefits of undertaking business within Ontario and the Region of Waterloo, please refer to the following linked resources:
Ontario Business and Economy
Ontario Credits, Benefits and Incentives
Ontario Chamber of Commerce
Ontario Collaborative Innovation Platform
Ontario Centre of Innovation
Waterloo Economic Development Corporation
We strongly recommend all researchers – faculty members and students – to partner and collaborate with regional organizations, as this will confer economic and societal benefits to our local ecosystem and more broadly the Province of Ontario.
6. Engagement with the Innovation Ecosystem
The University supports a deep and varied commercialization and entrepreneurship ecosystem and to find the right advisory group for your commercialization needs, please visit innovation.uwaterloo.ca
The University also has specialists across the institution (e.g., in the Office of Research, Faculty of Engineering) that are responsible for engaging with regional organizations, local companies, economic development agencies, and building connections and joint research and commercialization opportunities between these entities and researchers on campus.
For more information, please contact the Research Partnerships office.
The Office of Research is located on the third floor of East Campus 5


Are There Contingency Plans in the Event of a Catastrophe?
Do the four major US professional team sports leagues (MLB, NHL, NFL and NBA) have secret plans on how to proceed with the league and the league schedule in the event of a catastrophe such as a plane crash to one of the teams?
For example, Major League Baseball plays a 162 game schedule. What if a team perished in a plane crash after playing 62 of those games? What would become of the other 100 games? Would the team simply call up their triple A team? Maybe there is a provision for the team to draft players from other teams in order to field a competitive team.
I have to/want to believe that in this day and age of sports being a huge business, that there are stashed away contingency plans for each league on what to do. For the simple reason that nobody would want to publicly speculate on what happens in this event, I doubt there are public plans on what would happen, but good corporate governance would dictate that there at least be a plan in place. Whether that plan would be executed as written is open for debate, but is there at least a plan in place?
I believe in the Russian hockey league the KHL, in 2011, a team jet crashed killing all aboard. The team did not participate in the rest of the season (not sure what happened to the teams that were scheduled to play them), there was some sort of draft held to help them field a competitive team, and they geared up to play in the following year's league schedule.
Does anyone know of such contingency plans?
I don't know of contingency plans specifically, but my guess would be that the teams have insurance. If a team dies that team's owner would get a payout from their insurance and all the other teams would get a payout for their share of lost revenue (from games they would have played against that team) from either their own insurance or the insurance for the team that died.
I assume they would get a pretty sweet set of draft picks in the next draft.
They do indeed. There were a bunch of articles about this after the Lokomotiv pane crash you reference.
In the event that a team disaster ever did occur, each of the four major professional sports leagues has a contingency plan, built around some sort of "disaster draft" designed to restock the team in the event of a tragedy.
Some, like Major League Baseball, remain tight-lipped about its plan, tabbing it "confidential."
"All I can say is that, yes, we have a plan," MLB spokesman Richard Levin said. "But God forbid it should ever be needed."
Others, like the NBA and NFL are more open about their disaster plan. In fact, the NFL will go as far as to provide a faxed copy upon request. Headed under "Administrative/Business Operations," the NFL policy has extensive nuts-and-bolts instructions for replenishing a team in the event of a "disaster" or "near-disaster."
It's called a Disaster Draft. Here's the wikipedia page on it.
Thanks! I don't know how I missed the articles when I found the Lokomotiv example. Much appreciated.
The Wiki page talks about drafting players, but except for a vague reference for the NFL, it does not talk about what happens to the remaining schedule and the issue of teams that played that team having different games played if the team is not immediately replaced.
Yeah, I just realized that myself. I know the MLB official rules linked in that wiki has a section labeled "Disaster Plan" (section 29) but it doesn't go into scheduling. Considering MLB schedules were done by hand for decades by 2 people, it does make you wonder about contingency plans. . . .
An avenue of research might be to look at how the teams dealt with 9/11, when games were put off for ~ a week (at least for baseball). Also with how they redo schedules for strikes? Hockey's had a few strikes in which they had to release schedules at the last minute after the season's started, and it never seems like a big deal at all, but perhaps they kept a kind of "rolling" dynamic schedule going as the strike progressed. Perhaps they consider scheduling trivial compared to draft procedures? Or it would just be easier to give teams a bye for the remainder of the season in a mid-season catastrophe?
For the NHL: When the Phoenix Coyotes filed for bankruptcy a few years ago, some "off the record" NHL business dealings were released as part of the kerfuffle, including the NHL constitution and bylaws, and that's where the details about their disaster plans come from. The NHL's is called the "emergency rehabilitation plan" and it's Section 16c of their bylaws, although I'm having trouble finding a link that isn't hosted by the Toronto Star, which isn't working for me.
Another constituency to think about is individual players: First, there would be any non-dead players on the dead time. Presumably the teams insurance would pay out their salaries or the team would do so from its insurance money.
However, what about players on other teams. Some players have contracts with bonus structures based on scoring or averages or things like that, right? What happens to someone who gets paid an extra X for scoring at least Y times, or $Z / point or whatever when suddenly they lose many opportunities to score? Or what if you get a bonus for having a slugging average of W and the team that dies has the worst pitchers in the league and you would certainly have hit another gazillion home runs against them, pulling up your slugging average?
Baseball has a lot of performance clauses in their contracts including games played for starting pitchers and for some fielders. Do they prorate them? Football being such a short season in games played, you wonder what would happen with their schedule. If a team in say the NFC East had the disaster and one team in their division had not played them at all yet while the others had played them once, what would happen to the division standings?
I assume this has been thought out by the leagues. I wonder what the plan is. Now thinking about it, the restocking of the teams seems like the easy part. They are all in the league together and since they all don't know whose team might face the tragedy, it makes sense they would all agree to a draft of some sort. I think the scheduling is competitive and would be more contentious. The insurance and contractual issues would be a mess, but I think that would play out in a court or through negotiation/arbitration.
One thing that would help a team re-cuperate after something like this is that they would surely see a spike in revenues as soon as they were able to play again. If a team had a tragedy like that the fan-base and even fair weather fans would rally around the team, make a point of going to games the next season etc. They'd probably get a contract every game on the local network instead of just select games, etc. And while it probably wouldn't be enough to make up for the lost revenue from games not played, even before the team was playing again there would be a huge spike in merchandise sales.
If an entire team suddenly disappeared from the roster and it were impractical to do the emergency draft, the authority to make decisions about scheduling would rest with the commissioner, who would look at the specific situation, consult with players' and coaches' and owners' representatives, and make a decision on scheduling and team ranking that would try to balance all those competing concerns.
I honestly don't see any scenario other than the entire season being canceled or massively delayed. Athletes are so beloved here, and sports fandom is so emotional. Once a columnist points out that professional sports leagues routinely cancel or delay seasons to argue about percentage points of revenue, I think the general public will be upset if the season goes on as planned. In that case I think it depends on scheduling. Like if games can be suspended for 2-3 months and still allow for a reasonable albeit shortened schedule, maybe that would happen. If it's a month before the playoffs, I would imagine that they'd be canceled.


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May 24, 2021 8:49PM ET
Jonas Brothers, Marshmello Drop New 'Leave Before You Love Me' Video
Collaborators perform track in subway and on roof in visual
Althea Legaspi
Althea Legaspi's Most Recent Stories
Kanye West Calls Out Kim Kardashian, Pete Davidson On New Track 'Eazy'
Eddie Vedder Drops Emotionally Charged Song 'Brother the Cloud'
Crystals Singer La La Brooks Remembers Ronnie Spector: 'She Had the Most Unique Voice'
Jonas Brothers and Marshmello perform in a subway and on a roof at night in their new video for "Leave Before You Love Me." The collaborators debuted their new song live for the first time last night during the 2021 Billboard Music Awards.
The new visual opens with Nick Jonas sitting alone on a subway train before he joins his bandmates and Marshmello on the subway platform and later on a roof. He and his brother Joe take turns on the verses, which muse about regret and moving on before further heartbreak ensues. "Dancing on the edge 'bout to take it too far/It's messing with my head how I mess with your heart," they harmonize. "If you wake up in your bed, alone in the dark/I'm sorry/Gotta leave before you love me."
Last night, the Jonas Brothers launched their 2021 Billboard Music Awards' closing medley with the song alongside Marshmello. The band also performed "Sucker," "Only Human," "Remember This," and "What a Man Gotta Do." This summer, the group will embark on their Remember This U.S. tour, beginning on August 20th at Park Theater in Las Vegas. Tickets are available right now through VividSeats.com.
On Saturday, Marshmello is slated to headline the 2021 UEFA Champions League Final opening ceremony. On Monday, the DJ/producer revealed Selena Gomez and Khalid will also be appearing during Saturday's set.
In This Article: Jonas Brothers,	Marshmello,	The Jonas Brothers


You can see how Beckman families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Beckman family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The most Beckman families were found in the USA in 1880. In 1911 there were 39 Beckman families living in Ontario. This was about 37% of all the recorded Beckman's in Canada. Ontario had the highest population of Beckman families in 1911.
In 1881, the most common Beckman occupation in Canada was Farmer. 25% of Beckman's were Farmers. Farmer, Carpenter and Cigar Manufac were the top 3 reported jobs worked by Beckman. A less common occupation for the Beckman family was Gentleman Farmer.
There are 642 immigration records available for the last name Beckman. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in Canada, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.


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Dubai Outlet Mall
By Kajal January 2, 2019 January 3, 2019
Dubai Outlet Mall is the ultimate shopping destination to grab bargains and discounts. Home to more than 200 stores, it offers top brands at heavily discounted prices. The shopping mall collaborates with manufacturers directly without any third-men, that's why prices here are 30% lower than in other malls of Dubai. Various discounts and exclusive offers along with low prices are indeed an icing on the cake. So by shopping here, you can save up to 90% of product price.
Quick Facts About Dubai Outlet Mall
It is the first 'Outlet' concept mall in the Middle East
It is developed and owned by Al Ahli Holding Group
It has over 1200 of the world's premium and top brands.
It opened in August 2007 and is located on Dubai-Al Ain Road (Route 66) near the Dubai Bypass Road interchange.
It has a footfall of 65,000 to 80,000 shoppers a day
It has a total gross leasable area of 69,977 m2
It has over 240 retail outlets.
It has more than 1,200 premium international brands
It has been recognized by Forbes as one of The Five Best Shopping Malls in Dubai in 2017
It is also home to the first Chuck E Cheese's family entertainment venue in the UAE.
Anchor Stores in Dubai Outlet Mall
This mall is graced by stores of shoes, sunglasses, perfumes, toys, cosmetics, watches and lingerie Anchor stores in Dubai Outlet Mall include Sun & Sand Sports, The Outlet, Emax, Priceless, Studio R, and The Stock Market.
Sun & Sand Sports
It is the largest sports retailer in the Middle East. It stocks up everything that is sports related varying from t-shirts and swimming costumes to bicycles and golf clubs. Top brands include Adidas, Timberland, The North Face, Reebok, Dunlop, and Vans. You can find this outlet store on the first floor near the dome.
On the First floor, you can find a modern trail range of shoes and apparel by Timberland. Well known for making rugged outdoor gear since 1973, Timberland has set new standard for craftsmanship and durability in its boots. Authentic and well-crafted, it stands as a symbol for everything Timberland makes. Whether it's for kids, men, or women, Timberland gear is manufactured with a passion for the outdoors.
The multi branded fashion store for men and women is on the Ground Floor. You can find the latest in denims, tops, bottoms, dresses & accessories for women & shirts, tees, jeans & trousers for men. The high-street fashion retailer has a boutique concept format store
Food Courts and Restaurants
Food and dining options comprises a variety of food courts and restaurants, with over 20 selections. Perhaps, you'll be thinking on more than just retail stores to shop. The Dubai Outlet mall offers a good choice of restaurants and places to eat and drink. Most of them are located at the first floor food court.
Hatam, is a famous Iranian/Persian casual dining restaurant. It is widely known in the UAE for its traditional Iranian and Persian cuisine. The authentic ambiance is exhibited with its touch in furnishing and fitting that appeal to all of its clients.
Attractions in Dubai Outlet Mall
Cone Playing Area
It features age appropriate games, prizes, and entertainment that children of all ages from toddlers will love. Cone Playing Area believes that today, more than ever kids need a safe and wholesome place.
Chuck E Cheese's
The Kid-friendly chain is famous for its arcade games, pizza parties, play zones & mouse mascot. It also provides great food for the family including freshly baked pizzas and garden fresh salad bar. Whether you're dining at the kids' table or you are with the adults, Chuck E. Cheese's new menu can surprise everyone at your party. You can make your choice from the Thin and Crispy Pepperoni Pizza to the succulent Chicken Wings and so much more. Chuck E Cheese is the best place to bring kids for everyday fun and also for special occasions like Birthdays, Playgroups and fundraising events.
Customer service desks
Gift Vouchers and Outlet Plus Cards
Mall directories and maps
Baby strollers and wheelchairs
Baby changing rooms and Prayer rooms
The RTA public transport buses are available to and from Dubai Outlet Mall, Buses No. 66 & 67 cover Dubai – Al Ain Road (Route 66). Both buses start at Bur Dubai and stop at Almenhad 2 station for Dubai Outlet Mall drop off/pick up. Dubai Outlet Mall has a shuttle bus services to many hotels in Dubai. Guests staying in selected hotel in Deira, Bur Dubai, Sheikh Zayed Road, Jumeirah and Dubai Marina areas can be transported in comfort to Outlet mall.
Take Dubai Al-Ain Road (Route 66) if you drive a car or you get here by taxi. Visitors travelling by taxi should note that the mall has a comfortable taxi lounge where they can relax while waiting for their transport.
Opening Timings
Saturday to Wednesday 10am – 10pm
Thursday and Friday 10am – 12 Midnight
Dubai Outlet Mall Phone – +97144234666
Official Site – http://dubaioutletmall.com/
Dubai Outlet Mall – It is located at DUBAILAND on Dubai – Al Ain Road (Route 66).
Tags Dubai Outlet Mall Mall
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Q: Select the correct control in jQuery I have 3 tables - Table1 Table2 and Table3
I want to change this $("tr").filter to only effect Table2
Is this correct?
$("#Table2 tr").filter or is there any other way to do so?

A: The best way to do it is using:
$('tr', '#Table2')

As noted by the documentation, the 2nd argument of the $() function is a context selector that tells it where to look. By default that is the entire document, but you can specify something else, like a table:

By default, if no context is specified, $() looks for DOM elements within the context of the current HTML document. If you do specify a context, such as a DOM element or jQuery object, the expression will be matched against the contents of that context.

Although what you have will work, the above is the optimal way of doing it. Speed difference for your average use case will be insignificant, though. I just prefer specifying the context whenever possible.

A: If Table2 is the ID of the table then yes. Jquery uses CSS selectors, so to be more explicit you could try:
$("table#Table2 tr").filter

A: Sounds right to me, or paste some html so we can see what you're dealing with.


An online casino site is a website where gamers could bank on lotteries with actual loan and also take residence their jackpots. A couple of initial actions are vital prior to gamers could position wagers at the online gambling enterprise.
Gamers might do this by accessing the internet website of the online casino site, clicking the Download and install a switch as well as after that adhering to the simple to comprehend guidelines. Gamers need to go for the money of the nation of the house if approved at the online gambling establishment. It is crucial for gamers to comprehend the online casino's plans for settlement.
The gambling establishment will certainly typically supply appealing rewards to brand-new gamers. It is essential that gamers totally recognize the terms as well as problems of these incentives, whether or not they select to take benefit of them.
The games are identified right into classifications for the benefit of the gamers. You will certainly usually see online best online casinos ports, video clip online poker, live roulette, card games, dealt with weird games as well as scrape cards.
After picking a game the gamer could click on it to open up the game on his display. If the gamer does not win after that the online gambling establishment does not take any type of more activity as well as the gamer could position a brand-new wager if he desires to. When the gamer has actually completed wagering her could withdraw his equilibrium from the online casino site or leave it there for his following session.
Gamers could do this by accessing the internet website of the online gambling enterprise, clicking the Download and install a switch as well as after that complying with the very easy to comprehend guidelines. Gamers ought to go for the money of the nation of the home if approved at the online casino site. If the gamer does not win after that the online gambling enterprise does not take any kind of more activity as well as the gamer could put a brand-new wager if he desires to. When the gamer has actually completed wagering her could withdraw his equilibrium from the online gambling establishment or leave it there for his following session.
The market for offering online gambling enterprise software application is incredibly affordable with lots of business striving for getting a distribute of the forever before broadening online betting sector. It establishes online casino site software application program, especially for online casino poker, online bingo and also online sporting activities wagering.
In the start, there was a lot of customers that would merely register, obtain their reward as well as quit utilizing the online casino concerned. This method is called "scalping" in the net gaming scene as well as to prevent the technique, online casino sites have actually set up problems which should be fulfilled in order to squander one's bonus offer. These problems consist of waiting durations prior to one could squander, calling for a specific variety of wagers to be put prior to squandering is allowed.


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Director: Oh Seung-uk
Cast: Park Sin-yang, Ahn Sung-ki
Film genre: Noir
Cert 18, 108 mins, 2000
Distributed by CJ E&M
Released in 2000 when many renowned Korean directors such as Park Chan-wook and Ryoo Seung-wan began to make their mark, Oh Seung-uk's Kilimanjaro remains a little-seen but highly accomplished feature debut, made fourteen years before his second and most recent film The Shameless. Set in the seaside town of Jumunjin on Korea's East coast, it stars Park Shin-yang both as the detective Hae-shik, and as his identical twin brother, the gangster Hae-chul. Suspended for not properly investigating the killing of Hae-chul's wife and child, Hae-shik returns to his hometown with the ashes of his brother. There, mistaken for the late Hae-chul, he is sought after by a local gang. Also starring veteran actor Ahn Sung-ki, Oh's noir feature is an engrossing tale about the perpetual nature of violence.
Kilimanjaro + Q&A with the Director Oh Seung-uk
Regent Street Cinema, 04 November 2017 5:30 pm