text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Conventionally, quantum criticality can be described by a quantum-to-classical mapping,\cite{Suzuki_quantum-classical} whereby a $d$-dimensional
quantum model is represented by a ($d$+1)-dimensional classical model in which the extra dimension corresponds to imaginary time, $\tau$.
It is well known since the work of Hertz\cite{Hertz_quantum_critical} that this temporal dimension and the spatial dimensions do not
necessarily appear on an equal footing. In the presence of dissipative terms in the action for instance, long-range interactions are
introduced in the imaginary time direction,\cite{Caldeira-Leggett, Chakravarty_Josephson_fluct} making the model behave as if it were
 ($d$+$z$)-dimensional
rather than ($d+1$)-dimensional. The dynamical critical exponent $z$ can be regarded as a measure of the anisotropy between the temporal
dimension and the spatial dimensions, as defined by the scaling of the temporal correlation length, $\xi_\tau \sim \xi^z$.  Here,
$\xi \sim |K - K_c|^{-\nu}$ is the spatial correlation length upon approaching a quantum critical point $K = K_c$, with $K$ being some
arbitrary (non-thermal) coupling constant.  Knowing the value of $z$ is therefore of fundamental importance in the study of quantum phase
transitions, especially since this critical exponent determines the appearance of the quantum critical regime at finite temperatures above
the quantum critical point.\cite{Sondhi-Girvin_RMP, Vojta_QPT_review} Such quantum critical points with an accompanying quantum critical
region have been suggested to be responsible for instance for the anomalous behavior of the normal phase of high-$T_c$ cuprate
superconductors. \cite{Broun_beneath_the_dome, Varma_MFL}

To illustrate the effect of dissipation on the dynamical critical exponent, consider first a generic $\phi^4$-type non-dissipative
quantum field theory. The bare inverse propagator can  be obtained from the quadratic part of the action as $\mathbf{q}^2 + \omega^2$,
meaning that one has isotropic scaling between the spatial dimensions and the temporal dimension, \textit{i.e.}\ $z=1$.
Adding local Ohmic dissipation by coupling each spin to a bath of harmonic oscillators,\cite{Caldeira-Leggett} the inverse
propagator is  modified to $\mathbf{q}^2 + \omega^2 + |\omega|$. Assuming a phase transition to an ordered state and  taking the
limit $\mathbf{q} \rightarrow \mathbf{0}$, $\omega \rightarrow 0$, the dissipative term $|\omega|$ will always dominate over the dynamic
term $\omega^2$, and so, by using $\omega \sim q^z$, we may naively make the prediction $z=2$. Note that according to this
argument, the dynamical critical exponent for a given action is independent of the spatial dimensionality of the system. We
will refer to these scaling arguments as naive scaling, and postpone any discussion of caveats and other possible scaling
choices to Sec. \ref{sec:discussion}.

If one replaces this Ohmic site dissipation with dissipation that also couples in space and not just in time, this situation
may change significantly. A common form of dissipation in the context of arrays of resistively shunted Josephson junctions
and related models, is the Ohmic dissipation of gradients, \textit{i.e.}\ of the bond variable that is the difference of the quantum
phase between the superconducting elements. \cite{Chakravarty_dissipative_PT} In Fourier space this bond dissipation corresponds
to an inverse propagator $\mathbf{q}^2 + \omega^2 + \mathbf{q}^2 |\omega|$. (See, however, Sec. \ref{sec:discussion}.) Once again letting
$\mathbf{q} \rightarrow \mathbf{0}$, $\omega \rightarrow 0$, we can from naive scaling expect the dissipation to be weaker than in the
onsite case since in this limit $\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega| \ll \mathbf{q}^2$ for any positive $z$. A possible value is therefore $z=1$, for
which the spatial term balances the dynamic term and dissipation can be considered perturbatively irrelevant in
renormalization group sense.

Simple arguments of the kind given above have  been the approach most commonly used whenever a dynamical critical exponent
is to be determined. In recent years there has however been progress towards calculating the corrections to these lowest-order
estimates for $z$ both by field-theoretical renormalization group methods
\cite{Pankov-Sachdev, Sachdev-Werner-Troyer_nanowires,Werner-Troyer-Sachdev_dissipative_XY_chain} and by Monte Carlo methods.
\cite{Werner-Troyer-Sachdev_dissipative_XY_chain,Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty,Werner_dissipative_MC_algorithms, Cugliandolo_dissipative_random_ising} In addition, there has also been considerable recent interest in dissipative systems
exhibiting more exotic forms of quantum criticality where the critical exponents are varying continuously.
\cite{Tewari-Chakravarty_dissipative_Jos, Tewari_dissipate_locally,Goswami-Chakravarty_JJ_array}

The most notable advance from our point of view is however the work by Werner \emph{et al.} \cite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty}
justifying numerically the naive scaling estimate for the Ising spin chain with site dissipation by extensive Monte Carlo
simulations. More precisely, it was found that the dynamical critical exponent was universal and satisfied $z = 2 - \eta$,
with an anomalous scaling dimension $\eta \approx 0.015$. Apart from Ref.~\onlinecite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty},
almost no Monte Carlo simulations have been performed on extended quantum dissipative models. (See, however,
Refs.~\onlinecite{Werner_dissipative_MC_algorithms} and \onlinecite{Vojta_computing_QPT} for reviews of Monte Carlo simulation
for dissipative systems and quantum phase transitions.) The present work can therefore be regarded as a natural extension of
the work done by Werner \emph{et al.}, but more importantly as a first step towards more complex dissipative quantum models with
bond dissipation. For instance, the dissipative XY model with bond dissipation is very interesting both as a model of
granular superconductors or other systems which may be modeled as Josephson junction arrays.\cite{Chakravarty_dissipative_PT}
In particular, such a dissipative XY model\cite{Aji-Varma_dissipative_XY} and related Ashkin-Teller models
\cite{Aji-Varma_orbital_currents_PRL, Borkje_orbital_currents} have been proposed to describe quantum critical fluctuations
of loop-current order in cuprate superconductors.

Finding a value of $z$ is also of considerable interest for purely classical models that include strongly anisotropic
interactions. The reason is simply that performing a finite-size analysis to find the critical coupling or critical exponents
requires a choice of system sizes that reflects an anisotropy in the scaling of the correlation lengths. In other words, one
ideally needs to know the relative correlation length exponent $\nu_\tau/\nu = z$ a priori for the finite-size
analysis to be correct.

In this work, we seek to employ Monte Carlo simulations of Ising models to answer the following questions: 1) Can we confirm
numerically that the dynamical critical exponent is indeed independent of dimensionality? (neglicting the assumed small $\eta$)
2) How will the dynamical critical exponent for Ising variables change if one replaces the site dissipation with dissipation that
also acts in space? The first question will be addressed in Sec. \ref{sec:onsite}, where we study the 2D quantum Ising model
with site dissipation. In Sec. \ref{sec:q2omega} we turn to the second question by studying a 1D quantum Ising chain with bond
dissipation in a similar manner. The results will be related to the naive scaling arguments for $z$, after which we conclude
in Sec. \ref{sec:concl}.

\section{2D quantum Ising model with site dissipation}
\label{sec:onsite}

We first consider a quantum Ising spin model in two spatial dimensions coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators,\cite{Caldeira-Leggett}
\textit{i.e.}\ a higher-dimensional version of the model considered in Ref.~\onlinecite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty}. In Fourier space, the
quadratic part of the action for this model can be written as
\begin{equation}
	S = \sum_{\mathbf{q}} \sum_{\omega} (\tilde{K} \mathbf{q}^2 + \tilde{K}_\tau \omega^2 + \frac{\alpha}{2} |\omega|) \sigma_{\mathbf{q},\omega} \sigma_{-\mathbf{q},-\omega},
\end{equation}
where $\sigma$ is the Ising field. The discretized real space representation on a $L \times L \times L_\tau$-lattice then reads
\begin{align}
	\label{eq:onsite}
	S &= - K \sum_{x=1}^{L} \sum_{y=1}^{L} \sum_{\tau=1}^{L_\tau} \big[ \sigma_{x,y,\tau} \sigma_{x+1,y,\tau} + \sigma_{x,y,\tau} \sigma_{x,y+1,\tau} \big] \notag\\
	&- K_\tau \sum_{x=1}^{L} \sum_{y=1}^{L} \sum_{\tau=1}^{L_\tau} \sigma_{x,y,\tau} \sigma_{x,y,\tau+1}  \notag\\
 &+  \frac{\alpha}{4} \sum_{x=1}^{L} \sum_{y=1}^{L} \sum_{\tau \neq \tau'}^{L_\tau} \left( \frac{\pi}{L_\tau} \right)^2 \frac{( \sigma_{x,y,\tau}- \sigma_{x,y,\tau'} )^2}{ \sin^2(\pi/L_\tau |\tau - \tau'|) }.
\end{align}
We have assumed a spatially isotropic system, so that $K_x = K_y = K$. Periodic boundary conditions are implicit in the imaginary
time direction and are also applied for the spatial directions. Note that our representation is equivalent to that of
Ref.~\onlinecite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty}, although superficially appearing slightly different.

We could, as Werner \emph{et al.}, take a quantum Ising model in a transverse magnetic field as a starting point, and the field would then give
rise to the quantum dynamics of the spins as represented by the second line in the action in Eq. \eqref{eq:onsite}. However, in this
work we are not interested in the effect of a transverse field per se, and will therefore treat the dynamic term as a phenomenological
term of unspecified origin. (See, however, Sec. \ref{sec:discussion}). In the following, we will fix the value of the dynamic coupling
of the Ising field to $K_\tau = -1/2 \ln\left( \tanh{1} \right) \approx 0.1362$ and vary the spatial coupling $K$. For the
(1+1)-dimensional model\cite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty} this choice ensures that $K_c = 1$ for $\alpha = 0$, whereas in the
$d = 2$ case it is chosen primarily for computational convenience, and to allow for direct comparison with the $d=1$ case. For the
Monte Carlo simulations we have used an extension of the Wolff cluster algorithm\cite{Wolff} by Luijten and Bl\"ote\cite{Luijten-Blote}
which very effectively treats the long-range interaction in the imaginary time direction. We have mainly used an implementation
of the Mersenne Twister\cite{Mersenne_Twister} random number generator (RNG), but also confirmed that other RNGs yielded
consistent result. We also make use of Ferrenberg-Swendsen \cite{PhysRevLett.63.1195} reweighting techniques which enable
us to vary $K$ continuously after the simulations have been performed.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}{
		\includegraphics{phasediag_onsite}}
	\caption{Phase diagram for the 2D quantum Ising model with site dissipation for $K_\tau = -1/2 \ln\left( \tanh{1} \right)$.
	The ordered phase is found for large values of spatial coupling $K$ and dissipation strength $\alpha$.}
	\label{fig:phasediag_2D}
\end{figure}

We will first present the phase diagram for this model in the $\alpha$-$K$ plane, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:phasediag_2D}. The phase
diagram for the (2+1)-dimensional model is very similar to that for its (1+1)-dimensional counterpart, with a disorder-order phase
transition for increasing dissipation and/or spatial coupling. Along the $\alpha$-axis, a temporally ordered state is reached at
$\alpha = \alpha_c$ through a purely dissipative phase transition when $K=0$, in which case the model is simply a collection of
decoupled (0+1)-dimensional dissipative two-level systems. The long-range interaction in the temporal chains decays as
$1/|\tau_i-\tau_j|^2$, accordingly, the phase transition is of a kind closely related to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition,
\cite{Luijten-Messingfeld} in which the ordered phase consists of tightly bound kinks and antikinks.

With the same temporal coupling values as for the $d=1$ case we can with relative ease determine the critical dissipation
strength $\alpha_c$  for the independent subsystems, see the result stated in Ref.~\onlinecite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty}.\\

We have chosen a somewhat more quantitative approach to determine the dynamical critical exponent $z$ than the one given in the
presentation of Werner \emph{et al.}, so we will use the exposition of our results to detail the method. This method is essentially
the same as the one applied by the authors of Refs.~\onlinecite{Guo_3D_spin_glass} and \onlinecite{Rieger_2D_spin_glass}
for spin glasses in a transverse field, but as it is rather scantily described in the literature, we include it here for
completeness.

The basis of our approach is as follows. For systems with isotropic scaling, a well known method to determine the value of
the critical coupling is to calculate the Binder ratio
\begin{equation}
	Q = \frac{\langle m^4 \rangle}{\langle m^2 \rangle^2},
\end{equation}
and use this to plot the Binder cumulant $g \equiv 1 - Q/3$ as a function of coupling for several (\textit{e.g.}, cubic, in the (2+1)-dimensional
case) system sizes. The Binder cumulant at the critical coupling is independent of system size (to leading order in $L$), and the crossing
point of $g(K)$ for two different system sizes thus defines the (pseudo)critical point.

However, this finite-size scaling approach breaks down when the system size scales anisotropically. In this case the scaling
at criticality is given as a function with two independent scaling variables instead of just one,
\begin{equation}
	\label{eq:scaling}
	Q(L,L_\tau) = \mathcal{G} \left( \frac{L}{\xi},\frac{L_\tau}{\xi_\tau} \right),
\end{equation}
and anisotropic systems according to $L_\tau \propto L^z$ are the appropriate choice instead of cubic systems. Hence, given the
value of $z$, one should also observe data collapse as a function of $L_\tau/L^z$ for the Binder cumulant curves at the critical
point.

In order to find $z$ self-consistently, we consider first the Binder cumulant as a function of $L_\tau$ for given $\alpha$,
$K$ and $L$. For very small $L_\tau$, the system appears effectively two-dimensional, and consequently the
increased influence of fluctuations makes this system more disordered than the corresponding three-dimensional system.
In the opposite limit of $L_\tau \rightarrow \infty$ the system appears effectively one-dimensional, and with
$L_\tau \gg \xi_\tau$ the system is again disordered. As $g$ is a measure of the degree of order in the system,
$g \rightarrow 0$ in both the above limits, and accordingly $g$ must have a maximum for some finite value
$L_\tau = L_\tau^\ast$. One way of interpreting $L_\tau^\ast$ is as the temporal size for which the system
appears as isotropic as it possibly can be (or optimally three-dimensional), the anisotropic interactions taken
into account.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}{
		\includegraphics{finding_z.pdf}}
	\caption{(Color online) Illustration of the procedure for estimating the dynamical critical exponent $z$, as described in the
	text, here for the 2D  quantum Ising model with site dissipation and $\alpha=0.2$. a) The Binder cumulant $g$ as a function
	of temporal system size $L_\tau$ for a number of spatial system sizes $L$ at $K = 0.160312$. b) The peak value Binder cumulant
	$g^\ast$ as a function of coupling $K$. c) Finite-size analysis of the peak position of $L_\tau^\ast$ as a function of spatial
	system size $L$ at criticality, $K_c = 0.160312(2)$, which yields the estimate $z = 1.97(3)$. The straight line represents a
	least squares fit to the data points.}
	\label{fig:finding_z}
\end{figure}

The details of our procedure are as follows. First, we sample the Binder ratio as a function of coupling $K$ for a large number of system
sizes. For each value of $L$ we choose at least 14 values of $L_\tau$ close to the presumed peak position $L_\tau^\ast$ for the extent of
the imaginary time dimension. The procedure for estimating $z$ then follows in three steps. For each $K$, curves of the Binder
cumulant $g$ for all $L$ are plotted as a function of $L_\tau$, corresponding to the plot shown in panel (a) of Fig. \ref{fig:finding_z}.
Second, a 4th order polynomial fit is made to these curves, localizing the points $(L_\tau^\ast, g^\ast)$ defining the peaks of the
functions $g(L_\tau)$ with good precision. The obtained values for the peak Binder cumulants for each $L$ are then plotted as a
function of $K$, as shown in panel (b) of Fig. \ref{fig:finding_z}.
A value for the critical coupling $K_c$ can be found by estimating the value $K$ to which the crossing point for two subsequent
values of $L$ converges for $1/L \rightarrow 0$. The third step for finding the dynamical critical exponent is a simple finite
size scaling analysis of the peak positions $L_\tau^\ast$ of the curves $g(L_\tau)$ as shown in panel (c) of Fig. \ref{fig:finding_z},
assuming the relation $L_\tau^\ast = a L^z$, with $a$ being a non-universal prefactor. Finally, one may check the self-consistency of
the obtained values for $K_c$ and $z$ by plotting the putative data collapse of the Binder cumulant as a function of $L_\tau/L^z$,
\textit{cf.}\ Eq. \eqref{eq:scaling}.

Before moving on, we comment on the two interrelated (subleading) finite-size effects in the crossing point of
Fig. \ref{fig:finding_z}: the crossing point between two subsequent Binder curves moves towards lower coupling for increasing
system size, and accordingly the Binder cumulant at the crossing point decreases for increasing $L$. Consequently, the
value of $g^\ast(K=K_c)$ will never be independent of system size $L$ for finite systems. However, in our experience this
vertical deviation from collapse of the Binder curves - which is particularly evident when focusing on the peak of the
Binder curves as in our analysis - does not itself affect the finite-size estimate for $z$. More important is a possible
horizontal deviation. Likewise, a slow convergence of the crossing points to $K_c$ complicates the determination of the
critical coupling for finite systems. The resulting uncertainty in $z$ is dominated by this uncertainty in $K_c$, at least
for the $d=2$ case.

It might be possible to obtain better precision for the critical coupling by using the finite-size analysis technique
presented in Ref.~\onlinecite{Wang-Sandvik_finite-size_bilayers} for the crossing points, but in the present case
with an additional (and unknown) finite-size effect in $z$, this more rigorous approach seems by no means straightforward.
To ensure that finite-size effects are negligible, we have checked the dependence of $z$ on the lowest value of $L$ included
in the fitting procedure. In the analysis  illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:finding_z}, we have only retained system
sizes such that the value of $z$ seems to have converged. For the case $\alpha = 0.2$ considered above, the resulting
estimate is $z = 1.97(3)$. No significant variation in the dynamical critical exponent is observed for stronger
dissipation, and we conclude that we have $z \approx 2$ along the critical line. However, we have not been able to
determine conclusively whether or not one has exactly anomalous scaling dimension $\eta = 0$ in the relation
$z = 2 - \eta$, which might be expected\cite{Pankov-Sachdev} since the value $d + z$ lies at the upper critical
dimension for this phase transition for $d=2$.

We also give an estimate of the correlation length exponent $\nu$ using the peak values $g^\ast(K)$ of the Binder
cumulant. The leading order scaling properties of the Binder ratio can be stated as\cite{ferrenberg-landau_3D_Ising}
$Q(K,L) = \tilde{\mathcal{G}}( [K-K_c] L^{1/\nu} )$, and assuming negligible finite-size effects in the obtained
dimensions $L_\tau^\ast(L)$, one finds the finite-size
relation
\begin{equation}
	\log{ \diff{g^\ast}{K} } = C + \frac{1}{\nu} \log{L},
\end{equation}
The slope ${\rm d}g^\ast / {\rm d}K$ is estimated by the finite difference $\Delta g^\ast$ over a small coupling
interval around $K_c$, and $C$ is an unimportant constant. The resulting finite-size analysis for $\alpha = 0.2$
is illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:nu}, and we find $\nu = 0.49(1)$. This is very close to the expected (mean-field)
value $\nu = 1/2$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Pankov-Sachdev}), which is reasonable given that $z \approx 2$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}{
		\includegraphics{nu.pdf}}
	\caption{Finite-size analysis for obtaining $1/\nu$ for the 2D quantum Ising model. Here we have evaluated the slope of
	the Binder cumulant $g^\ast$ around $K = 0.160312$ for $\alpha=0.2$, which yields $\nu = 0.49(1)$. The straight line
	represents a least squares fit to the data points.}
	\label{fig:nu}
\end{figure}

We finally note that, whereas increasing $\alpha$ does not lead to a significant change of $z$, it certainly does increase
the prefactor $a$ of the scaling relation $L_\tau \sim L^z$ and thereby the peak position $L_\tau^\ast$. This reflects
the increased anisotropy of the interactions, and can be seen also for $\alpha=0$ when $K$ and $K_\tau$ are allowed to
vary freely. At criticality one has $a = 1$ for $K_\tau = K$, with increasing $a$ for increasing anisotropy $K_\tau / K$.
In fact, for the analytically solvable 2D Ising model there even exists an exact mapping between system size
anisotropy (\textit{i.e.}\ $a$) and interaction anisotropy (\textit{i.e.}\ $K_\tau/K$).\cite{Kamieniarz-Blote}

\section{Quantum Ising chain with bond dissipation}
\label{sec:q2omega}

In this section, we will consider a (1+1)-dimensional quantum Ising model where the dissipative quantities of interest
are bond variables involving Ising spins, rather than individual Ising spins themselves. The specific form of this
dissipation kernel has been proposed as a candidate for describing the origin of the anomalous normal state properties
of the cuprate high-$T_c$ superconductors,\cite{Aji-Varma_dissipative_XY}, but in that case involving two sets of Ising
spin on each lattice point. Such a model, unlike the one we will consider, may be mapped onto a $4$-state clock model,
and may be approximated by an $XY$ model with a four-fold symmetry breaking field, which in the classical case in two
spatial dimensions is perturbatively irrelevant near criticality on the disordered side. Due to the degrees of freedom in
our model being Ising spins with a spin gap, the present model should therefore not be regarded as directly comparable to
a dissipative XY model that the authors of Ref.~\onlinecite{Aji-Varma_dissipative_XY} consider. It should rather be regarded
as a simple, but spatially extended model system, illustrating how bond dissipation can affect a quantum phase transition,
which is certainly an important question on its own right.

In Fourier space the action is given by
\begin{align}
	\label{eq:grad_action}
	S = \sum_{\mathbf{q}} \sum_{\omega} (\tilde{K} \mathbf{q}^2 + \tilde{K}_\tau \omega^2
	  + \frac{\alpha}{2} |\omega|\mathbf{q}^2) \sigma_{\mathbf{q},\omega} \sigma_{-\mathbf{q},-\omega}.
\end{align}
The real space representation of this system is given by the action
\begin{align}\label{eq:gradient}
&S=-K\sum_{x=1}^{L}\sum_{\tau=1}^{L_\tau}\sigma_{x,\tau}\sigma_{x+1,\tau}
+K_\tau \sum_{x=1}^{L}\sum_{\tau}^{L_\tau}\sigma_{x,\tau}\sigma_{x,\tau+1}\\
&+\frac{\alpha}{2}\sum_{x=1}^{L}\sum_{\tau\neq\tau'}^{L_\tau}\left(\frac{\pi}{L_\tau}\right)
\frac{\left( \Delta \sigma_{x,\tau}   -  \Delta\sigma_{x,\tau'}\right)^2}
{\sin^2(\pi/L_\tau|\tau-\tau'|)},\nonumber
\end{align}
\textit{cf.}\ the site dissipation case in Eq. \eqref{eq:onsite}. Here, $\Delta \sigma_{x,\tau} \equiv \sigma_{x+1,\tau}-\sigma_{x,\tau}$.

The interpretation of this representation remains mostly the same as in the previous section. The only difference is that
the coupling to the heat bath is given in terms of the Ising field gradients rather than the Ising fields themselves. In the
limit $\mathbf{q} \rightarrow \mathbf{0}$, $\omega \rightarrow 0$ we may anticipate from the Fourier representation of the action that
the last term becomes irrelevant, which implies the value $z=1$ for the dynamical critical exponent. It is also evident
from Eq. \eqref{eq:gradient} that the bond dissipation is less effective than site dissipation in reducing quantum
fluctuations. While site dissipation tends to align all spins in the temporal direction, the bond dissipation tends to align
the {\it difference} of nearest-neighbor spins along the Trotter slices. At least in the presence of a finite coupling
$K \neq 0$ this is a less effective way of reducing temporal fluctuations of individual spins than onsite dissipation.

When expanding the dissipative term, it becomes clear that it contributes to both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic long-range
interaction. This renders the system intractable to the Luijten-Bl\"ote variant cluster algorithm used in the previous
section. This algorithm  builds up clusters with sizes comparable to the entire system and flips these as a whole, resulting
in extreme correlations.\cite{PhysRevLett.65.941} No cluster algorithm that effectively handles competing interactions has
come to the authors' attention.

In the Monte Carlo simulations, we have therefore used a parallel tempering \cite{Hukushima_parallel_tempering,Katzgraber_MC}
algorithm which adequately handles the critical slowing down in the critical regime. A number of independent systems perform
random walks in the space of coupling values, and this enables the systems to effectively explore
a rugged energy landscape like the one generated by the dissipation term in Eq. \eqref{eq:gradient}.

The coupling values are distributed according to the iteration procedure introduced by Hukushima,\cite{Hukushima_iteration}
which renders the accept ratio of the attempted exchange of two adjacent coupling values independent of the coupling value.
Consequently, the systems are allowed to wander relatively freely through the space of coupling values, although even more
sophisticated distribution algorithms are available in that respect.\cite{Katzgraber_MC}

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{phasediag_gradient}
	\caption{Phase diagram of the quantum Ising chain with bond dissipation for $K_\tau = \ln{(1 + \sqrt{2} )}/2$. The ordered
	phase is found for large values of spatial coupling $K$ and dissipation strength $\alpha$. The filled square on the $\alpha$
	axis represents an upper bracket for critical coupling $\alpha_c$ when the spatial coupling is tuned to zero, see
	the text.}
	\label{phaseVarmaDissip}
  \end{figure}

The parameter $K_\tau$ is fixed at $\ln(1+\sqrt{2})/2 \approx 0.4407$, the critical coupling $K_c$ is thus the same as for the
isotropic 2D Ising model when the dissipation strength is tuned to zero.
Anticipating $z=1$, this choice also ensures that the simulations will be performed
for convenient values of $L$ and $L_\tau$. The further steps necessary to find information about the critical properties are the
same as discussed in section \ref{sec:onsite}. The phase diagram of the system in the $\alpha$-$K$ plane is shown in
Fig. \ref{phaseVarmaDissip}.

For this model, the critical exponents are extracted for the two dissipation strengths $\alpha=0.1$ and $0.2$.
In Fig. \ref{fig:collaps} we show the results for the dynamical critical exponent for $\alpha=0.1$ as illustrated by
the collapse of the Binder cumulant curves discussed in Sec. \ref{sec:onsite} for the value $z=1$. The results confirm the
proposed value of $z$ based in naive scaling arguments, and it appears that the bond dissipation term is indeed irrelevant.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{collaps_inset}
	\caption{(Color online) Data collapse of the Binder cumulant for $z=1$ at $K_c=0.3306$ for the 1D quantum Ising chain with bond
	dissipation and $\alpha = 0.1$. The error bars are obtained from a jackknife analysis in the reweighting procedure. \textit{Inset:}
	Finite size analysis resulting in dynamical critical exponent $z = 1.007(15)$. The straight line represents a least squares fit
	to the data points.}
	\label{fig:collaps}
\end{figure}

The value of the dynamical critical exponent is very sensitive to finite size effects and therefore challenging to obtain
with the algorithm we have used given the limitations this entails. Increasing the dissipation strength makes these challenges
more apparent, so to illustrate the dependence of $z$ on system size we plot in Fig. \ref{fig:z_vs_L_VARMADISS} $z$ as a
function of system
size for a fixed $K=K_c$ for $\alpha=0.2$. Note that three adjacent $L$ values have been used to calculate every value
for $z$, $\langle L \rangle$ denoting the average of these. The evolution of $z$ is clearly seen to approach $z\approx1$
in the thermodynamic limit. Even larger dissipation strengths tend to require much larger system sizes not practically
feasible with the current algorithm.
Results for such dissipation strengths are therefore not included here.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{z_vs_L.pdf}
	\caption{The evolution of $z$ as a function of system size for the 1D quantum Ising chain with bond dissipation with $\alpha = 0.2$.
	Every point is calculated for the same coupling value $K_c = 0.231$ from three adjacent system sizes, and the error bars are obtained
	from the least squares fit in the finite size analysis.}
	\label{fig:z_vs_L_VARMADISS}
 \end{figure}

We have also attempted to extract the correlation length exponent $\nu$
for both dissipation strengths. When discarding the smallest
system sizes where finite size effects are expected to be important, the values are found to be
$\nu=1.00(2)$ for $\alpha=0.1$ and $\nu=1.005(8)$ for $\alpha=0.2$. This corresponds well with the exact value $\nu=1$
expected for the universality class of a 2D Ising model.

Sufficiently strong dissipation brings the critical coupling $K_c$ towards zero, and, as indicated on the $\alpha$-axis of the
phase diagram in Fig. \ref{phaseVarmaDissip}, the model undergoes a purely dissipative phase transition at some critical
dissipation strength $\alpha_c$.
The ground state at $K=0$ consists of columns in the direction of imaginary time of ordered Ising spins. However, the direction
of ordering is in general not uniform, as can be seen from Eq. \eqref{eq:gradient}, since a column can be flipped as a whole
with no cost of energy. This nonuniform order prohibits
the use of Binder cumulant curves to determine the critical coupling, so the exact value of $\alpha_c$ is difficult to deduct
from the simulations. These obstacles make an estimate of the dynamical critical exponent unfeasible by our methods.
Furthermore, since this phase transition is not of Kosterlitz-Thouless nature, any variety of the method of
Ref.~\onlinecite{Luijten-Messingfeld} also seem to be inapplicable to this model.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{4xcorr}
	\caption{The temporal spin-spin correlation function $g(\tau) = \langle \sigma_{x,\tau} \sigma_{x,0} \rangle$
	for the 1D quantum Ising chain with bond dissipation at $K = 0$ with $L=20$ and $L_\tau = 600$. The decay of the correlation
	function is illustrated for four different dissipation strengths as the system goes from the disordered phase ($\alpha = 0.52$)
	to the ordered phase ($\alpha = 0.68$).}
	\label{fig:4xcorr}
 \end{figure}

To corroborate that there is in fact a phase transition to an ordered state for increasing $\alpha$ also at $K=0$, we present in
Fig. \ref{fig:4xcorr} results for the temporal spin-spin-correlation $g(\tau) = \langle \sigma_{x,\tau} \sigma_{x,0} \rangle$. It
is clear that this correlation function decays exponentially to zero for low dissipation strengths, while in the opposite limit
of strong dissipation the correlation function quickly decays to some finite value. The character of the correlation function
as $\alpha$ is tuned through the intermediate region is better illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:xi_vs_alpha}, where we have extracted
the temporal correlation length $\xi_\tau$.
The diverging correlation length signifies a critical region with algebraic decay of the correlation function.
The spatial correlation length $\xi$, on the other hand, we have found to be vanishing also in the critical region, and the
behavior of the system depends only very weakly on its spatial extent $L$.
From a crude finite-size analysis based on Fig. \ref{fig:xi_vs_alpha}, we obtain the value $\alpha_c \leq 0.64$
as a best estimate for a upper bracket of the critical coupling, as we indicated in the phase diagram in Fig. \ref{phaseVarmaDissip}.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{xi_vs_alpha}
	\caption{(Color online) The temporal correlation length $\xi_\tau$ as a function of dissipation strength $\alpha$ for the 1D quantum
	Ising chain with bond dissipation at $K = 0$. Because of the extremely anisotropic scaling in this limit, and to be sure to avoid
	any spatial finite size effects, we have chosen to fix $L=20$.}
	\label{fig:xi_vs_alpha}
 \end{figure}

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}

We will begin the discussion of our results by taking a closer look at the scaling arguments presented in Sec. \ref{sec:intro} for finding
the dynamical critical exponent.
As indicated here, one important caveat of such arguments is that they only tell what exponent is naively expected to the lowest order
approximation, and in general field-theoretical methods (see, \textit{e.g.}, Ref.~\onlinecite{Pankov-Sachdev}) are needed to ascertain how
higher order corrections modify this estimate. Furthermore, with several terms in the quadratic part of the action, it is not always
obvious which terms should be required to balance at the critical point, or for which phase transitions this is valid.

For site dissipation, one obtains $z=2$ by balancing the spatial term and the dissipative term, since the dynamic term will be subdominant
to the dissipative term for all positive $z$.
For the bond dissipation case a similar argument excludes the possibility $z=2$ for which the
dissipative term would balance the dynamic term, since they both would be subdominant to the spatial term for all $z > 1$. It is therefore
interesting to ask if the possibility $z=0$, or alternatively $z \ll 1$, can be considered. In the limit that $z$ is strictly zero, a
dissipative term on the form $|\omega|$ would balance the dynamic term whereas a dissipative term on the form $\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega|$ would balance
the spatial term, but in the latter case both would be subdominant to the dynamic term. One interpretation is that $z=0$ in both cases would
imply unrestrained quantum fluctuations resulting in spatial correlations being infinitely stronger than temporal correlations, so that each
Trotter slice is essentially independent. In this interpretation, a strictly vanishing dynamical critical exponent may
however be considered unphysical since we are assuming a transition to uniform order for the entire ($d$+1)-dimensional system by taking
the limit $\mathbf{q} \rightarrow \mathbf{0}$, $\omega \rightarrow 0$.

Likewise, tuning $K_\tau \rightarrow 0$ may be considered unphysical since one removes the origin of the quantum nature of the system. For
this reason one can not say that there will exist a quantum phase transition with $z=0$ for the bond dissipation model even if the $\omega^2$
term had been removed from the action. The origin of the $\omega^2$ term in a physical quantum model can be a transverse magnetic field in
the Ising case or a Josephson charging energy in the XY case, and the interpretation of the prefactor $K_\tau$ is in general the
inertia of the degrees of freedom. Even though we have chosen to operate with a nonspecific parameter $K_\tau$, we therefore do not
regard taking $K_\tau = 0$ admissible in our simulations.

The opposite limit of $z = \infty$ may similarly be interpreted as spatially local criticality with correlations in the
imaginary time direction independent of (the vanishing) correlations in the spatial directions, see,
\textit{e.g.}, Refs.~\onlinecite{Aji-Varma_dissipative_XY}, \onlinecite{Tewari-Chakravarty_dissipative_Jos} and \onlinecite{Tewari_dissipate_locally}.
This is trivially the case in the limit $K=0$ for site dissipation with $\alpha > \alpha_c$, although one may argue that $z$
is undefined in that case as the system is strictly decoupled in the spatial directions. The same argument can not be applied to
bond dissipation. For  that model, the system does not experience dimensional reduction as $K \rightarrow 0$, but is
still dependent (although very weakly)  on the spatial extent of the (d+1)-dimensional system. We should however note
that the approach taken here for determining the dynamical critical exponent is not applicable when $z$ is either strictly
zero or infinite, and also for a constant value $z \gg 1$ it would be very difficult to determine the dynamical critical
exponent for practically attainable lattice sizes. If, on the other hand, one has $z \rightarrow \infty$ in the sense
of activated dynamical scaling, the method is in principle feasible.\cite{Vojta_computing_QPT}

Before continuing the discussion of the bond dissipation, we comment further on the relation between the real
space representation of $\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega|$ and the form of the bond dissipation used in Eq. \eqref{eq:gradient}. When Fourier
transforming $\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega| \sigma_{\mathbf{q},\omega} \sigma_{-\mathbf{q},-\omega}$ from Eq. \eqref{eq:grad_action} and discretizing the
resulting differential operators, we arrive at
\begin{equation}
	\label{eq:q2modw}
	S_{\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega|} \propto -\left(\frac{\pi}{L_\tau}\right)^2 \frac{ \Delta\sigma_{x,\tau} \cdot \Delta\sigma_{x,\tau'} }{ \sin^2(\pi/L_\tau|\tau-\tau'|) }.
\end{equation}
Now, writing out the last term of Eq. \eqref{eq:gradient} and comparing with Eq. \eqref{eq:q2modw} shows that the Fourier
space representation of the bond dissipation can be written as
\begin{equation}
	\label{eq:Sgrad}
	S_{\rm bond} = ( \mathbf{q}^2 |\omega| + C' \mathbf{q}^2 ) \sigma_{\mathbf{q},\omega} \sigma_{-\mathbf{q},-\omega}.
\end{equation}
Here, $C'$ depends weakly on dimensions for finite systems. In other words, the bond dissipation is of the same
form as $\mathbf{q}^2 |\omega|$ dissipation, but with renormalized spatial nearest neighbor coupling, which however does
not alter the critical exponents of the model. This extra term originates with the counterterm introduced to cancel
out the renormalization of the bare potential that arises due to the coupling with a heat bath.\cite{Caldeira-Leggett}
For the Ising model, this renormalization is responsible for stabilizing ferromagnetic order at $K > 0$.

We will now turn to the analysis of simulations on finite lattices, in particular with respect to the scaling relation
$L_\tau = a L^z$ and the system anisotropy expressed by it. To interpret our results it is useful to consider the dependence
of both $z$ and $a$ on the dissipation strength $\alpha$, and the variation of these quantities can be understood as follows.
If the dissipation term is relevant and thus determining the universality class, we may assume that the value of $z$ will be
given by the form of this term even for infinitesimal $\alpha > 0$ in the thermodynamic limit. In this case, increasing the
dissipation strength $\alpha$ further will therefore not change $z$, but the prefactor $a$ will have to change to reflect
the increased interaction anisotropy. Correspondingly, when the dissipation term is an irrelevant perturbation, the dynamical
critical exponent will remain  $z=1$ in the thermodynamic limit. Upon increasing $\alpha$, the dissipation will never grow
strong enough to alter the universality class, but the non-universal prefactor $a$ will in general change also in this case,
and whether it increases or decreases is determined by how the dissipation changes the overall interaction anisotropy.

Regarding the evolution of $a$ upon increasing $\alpha$ for the bond dissipation case, there are now two effects that must be
considered separately. One implicit effect is that increasing $\alpha$ decreases $K = K_c$ at criticality, thereby increasing
the anisotropy ratio $K_\tau/K$, which results in a much larger $a$ for large values of $\alpha$. The other effect is that
arising explicitly from the dissipation term and its contribution to the effective coupling strength in the imaginary time
direction. Whereas a site dissipation term obviously increases the anisotropy when increasing the dissipation strength while
keeping the other coupling values fixed, such an enhancement of $a$ does not appear for bond dissipation. This can be seen -
as we have checked - by evaluating $a$ for increasing $\alpha$ for isotropic short-range coupling, \textit{i.e.}\ $K_\tau = K$. One possible
interpretation of this result is that although bond dissipation does not change universality, it favors $z<1$ behavior, which
can also be recognized from Fig. \ref{fig:z_vs_L_VARMADISS}. In other words, the dissipation term contributes to making the
temporal dimension less ordered than the spatial dimension, in strong contrast to the case of site dissipation. This would
in part explain why one needs much longer simulations and larger systems to obtain reliable results for strong bond dissipation.

Given that the exceedingly strong finite-size effects thwart a precise determination of $z$ for higher values of $\alpha$,
one should in general also consider the possibility of continuously varying critical exponents. However, we have shown that
$z \approx 1$ for $\alpha=0.1$ and presented solid arguments favoring that this is the case also for $\alpha=0.2$, as it
is obviously also in the limit $\alpha=0$. Therefore, if the exponents are in fact continuously varying, they begin to vary
only for dissipation strengths above $\alpha > 0.2$, and would furthermore have to be varying very slowly.

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:concl}

This work represents a further step towards simulations of physically interesting extended quantum systems with dissipation.
Using Monte Carlo methods, we have studied a model similar to that by Werner \emph{et al.},\cite{Werner-Volker-Troyer-Chakravarty}
but with higher spatial dimensionality, as well as a model with one spatial dimension but with bond dissipation instead
of site dissipation. We have found that the (2+1)-dimensional model with site dissipation has a dynamical
critical exponent very close to  the corresponding $d = 1$ model, \textit{i.e.}\ $z \approx 2$. Bond dissipation, on the other hand, is
fundamentally different, and our results strongly suggest that this form of dissipation is irrelevant to the universality
class, \textit{i.e.}\ $z \approx 1$ and non-varying. We therefore believe that the same dynamical critical exponent
also applies to (2+1)-dimensional models with bond dissipation for the same degrees of freedom, although we have not been
able to reach sufficiently large systems to show this convincingly by numerical means. In both cases, the numerical estimates
for the dynamical critical exponent is consistent with those found by naive scaling arguments on the quadratic part of the
action.

\acknowledgments
We thank Steinar Kragset for his contribution during the early phases of this project. We also acknowledge discussions with
Egil V. Herland, Mats Wallin, and Chandra M. Varma.


text:
Watsons Loreal Promotion Up To 35% OFF (27 January 2023 - 30 January 2023)
Watsons Online Loreal Promotion Up To 35% OFF from 27 January 2023 until 30 January 2023
Hokkaido Baked Cheese Tart Lazada RM8 OFF Promotion (16 January 2023 - 25 January 2023)
Hokkaido Baked Cheese Tart Lazada RM8 OFF Promotion from 16 January 2023 until 25 January 2023
Dockers Sale Up To 60% OFF (15 January 2023)
Dockers Sale Up To 60% OFF on 15 January 2023
Sports Direct Shopee CNY Promotion Up To 70% OFF (11 January 2023)
Sports Direct Shopee CNY Promotion Up To 70% OFF on 11 January 2023
Watsons Online GrabPay RM5 OFF Promotion (11 January 2023)
Watsons Online GrabPay RM5 OFF Promotion on 11 January 2023
Huawei CNY Bundle Deals Promotion (9 January 2023 - 11 January 2023)
Huawei CNY Bundle Deals Promotion from 9 January 2023 until 11 January 2023
Starbucks Shopee New Year Shopping Promotion (9 January 2023)
Starbucks Malaysia Shopee New Year Shopping Promotion on 9 January 2023
Home's Harmony Online Chinese New Year Promotion (valid until 16 January 2023)
Home's Harmony Online Chinese New Year Promotion valid until 16 January 2023
Nike Online 18% OFF Sitewide Promotion (9 January 2023 - 24 January 2023)
Nike Online 18% OFF Sitewide Promotion from 9 January 2023 until 24 January 2023
Elianware Shopee Chinese New Year Sale (9 January 2023)
Elianware Shopee Chinese New Year Sale on 9 January 2023
AEON myAEON2go CNY Early Bird Promotion (26 December 2022 - 20 January 2023)
AEON myAEON2go Chinese New Year Early Bird Promotion from 26 December 2022 until 20 January 2023
Guardian Chinese New Year Crazy Deals Promotion As Low As RM0.88 (4 January 2023 - 15 January 2023)
Guardian Online Chinese New Year Crazy Deals Promotion As Low As RM0.88 from 4 January 2023 until 15 January 2023
HABIB Online Sale Up To 55% OFF (valid until 7 January 2023)
HABIB Online Sale Up To 55% OFF valid until 7 January 2023
Dockers Lazada 60% OFF Promotion (1 January 2023 - 8 January 2023)
Dockers Lazada 60% OFF Promotion from 1 January 2023 until 8 January 2023
GSC Keepsake Shopee Chinese New Year Big Sale Up To 50% OFF (9 January 2023 - 24 January 2023)
GSC Keepsake Shopee Chinese New Year Big Sale Up To 50% OFF from 9 January 2023 until 24 January 2023
Tealive Lazada Chinese New Year Huat Together Sale (3 January 2023 - 8 January 2023)
Tealive Lazada Chinese New Year Huat Together Sale from 3 January 2023 until 8 January 2023
Cheetah Chinese New Year Sale Up To 90% OFF
Watsons Online Cetaphil CNY Promotion Up To 40% OFF (3 January 2023 - 5 January 2023)
Watsons Online Cetaphil Chinese New Year Promotion Up To 40% OFF from 3 January 2023 until 5 January 2023
Sports Direct Shopee Promotion (2 January 2023 - 4 January 2023)
Sports Direct Shopee Promotion from 2 January 2023 until 4 January 2023
Parkson Online Chinese New Year Sale (26 December 2022 - 27 January 2023)
Parkson Malaysia Online Chinese New Year Sale from 26 December 2022 until 27 January 2023

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


陆军将无人航空系统"纳入建制"无助联合作战环境 - 《空天力量》杂志 - 知远防务论坛 ----学术性|资料性|研讨性! - Powered by Discuz!
Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unmanned Systems Roadmap 2007–2032 [无人航空系统的发展路线图,2007-2032 年], (Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense / Acquisition Technology and Logistics [OSD/AT&L], 2007), 23 http://www.jointrobotics.com/doc ... tary%20of%20Defense,%20Integrated%20Unmanned%20Systems%20Roadmap%20(2007-2032).pdf.
Col Christopher Chambliss, commander, 432d Wing, Creech AFB, NV (presentation to the US Air Force UAS Task Force [对美国空军 UAS 特遣部队的演讲], 9 January 2009).
Joint Unmanned Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence, Joint Concept of Operations for Unmanned Aircraft Systems [无人航空系统的联合作战概念], (Washington, DC: Joint Unmanned Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence, 2007), II-22.
Gen T. Michael Moseley, memorandum for record to all MAJCOM CCs, subject: Direction to Maximize UAS Capability [给各大司令部作战指挥官的存档备忘录,主题:关于最大程度提高 UAS 作战能力的指示], 29 February 2008.
Tom Vanden Brook, "Report: Insurgents Benefit from Drone Shortage" [报告:叛乱分子受益于无人驾驶飞机数量不足], USA Today, 25 March 2008.
Col Eric Mathewson, director, US Air Force UAS Task Force, "Predator 101" ["捕食者"简介], (presentation, Air Force Public Affairs, Washington, DC, January 2009).
"Products and Services" [产品与服务], General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, http://www.ga-asi.com/products/index.php (accessed 6 March 2008).
Department of Defense Instruction 5100.1, Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components [国防部条例 5100.1:国防部及其主要下属部门的职能], 1 August 2002, http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/510001p.pdf, 1, 15, 21.
Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine [AFDD 1:空军基本作战准则], 17 November 2003, 28, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afdd1.pdf.
Gen T. Michael Moseley, to US Army chief of staff, memorandum, subject: Unmanned Aircraft System Synchronization [给美国陆军参谋长的备忘录,主题:无人航空系统的协调], 2006.
AFDD 2-1, Air Warfare [AFDD 2-1.1:空中战争], 22 January 2000, 49, 54, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afd2_1.pdf.
Field Manual (FM) 1-100, Army Aviation Operations [野战手册 FM 1-100:陆军航空作战], 21 February 1997, 1-3, http://www.globalsecurity.org/mi ... m/1-100/index.html.
Institute of Land Warfare, U.S. Army Aviation: Balancing Current and Future Demands [美国陆军航空兵:平衡目前和未来的需求], Torchbearer National Security Report (Arlington, VA: Association of the United States Army, January 2008), 11, http://www3.ausa.org/webpub/deptilw.nsf/byid/rboh-7avkzb/$file/aviationtb_28dec.pdf?openelement.
James G. Rose, "Extended Range / Multi-Purpose (ER/MP) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Operational Requirements Document (ORD)" [增程/多用途(ER/MP)无人航空器(UAV)作战要求文件(ORD)], version 4.5 (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 14 June 2004), 4.
AFDD 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine [AFDD 1:空军基本作战准则], 28.
Air Force Instruction 13-1AOC, Operational Procedures—Air and Space Operations Center [作战程序 — 空天作战中心], 1 August 2005, 5, 9, http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/s ... s/AFI13-1AOCV3.pdf.
美国陆军退休将领、现任美国军事学院(USMA)国际事务副教授 Barry R. McCaffrey 给美国军事学院 Mike Meese 上校的备忘录,主题:行动后报告:访问奈利斯和斯各特空军基地,2007 年 8 月 14-17 日,2007 年 10 月 15 日,5, http://www.mccaffreyassociates.c ... ForceAAR-101207.pdf (accessed 5 April 2008).
Rebecca Grant, "Up from Kasserine Pass" [从凯塞林山口起步腾飞], Air Force Magazine 90, no. 9 (September 2007): 76, http://www.airforce-magazine.com ... 0907kasserine.aspx.
"Questions and Answers: Operating UAS" [问与答:操作 UAS], Federal Aviation Administration, 29 February 2008, http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_ ... uas_faq/uas_qa-op/.
"Addressing Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Accident Investigation and Prevention by ICAO Member States" [介绍国际民航组织成员国对 UAS 事故的调查和防范], International Civil Aviation Organization Working Paper, 18 September 2007, 3, http://www.icao.int/icao/en/assembl/a36/wp/wp217_en.pdf (accessed 4 April 2008).
Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center, "Doctrine Watch no. 22: Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and Airspace Control in the Combat Zone" [作战准则提示 22:作战区域内的无人驾驶飞机(UA)和空域控制], (Maxwell AFB, AL: Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center, 17 January 2006).
Joint Publication (JP) 3-52, Joint Doctrine for Airspace Control in the Combat Zone [联合作战准则 JP 3-52:作战区域内空域控制的联合作战准则], 30 August 2004, III-6, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new_pubs/jp3_52.pdf.
Office of the Secretary of Defense, "Global War on Terrorism—[Casualties] by Reason: October 7, 2001 through January 31, 2009" [全球反恐战争 — [伤亡] 按原因分类:2001 年 10 月 7 日至 2009 年 1 月 31 日], http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/gwot_reason.pdf (accessed 5 April 2008); 以及 Lt Gen James C. Riley and Brig Gen Michael Means, "The Looming Force Protection Crisis for Brigade Combat Teams" [旅级作战部队保护危机已显端倪], Air Defense Artillery, October–December 2006, 9, http://www.airdefenseartillery.c ... ection%20Crisis.pdf (accessed 18 February 2009).
Lt Gen David A. Deptula, "Toward Restructuring National Security" [关于重建国家安全的建议], Strategic Studies Quarterly 1, no. 2 (Winter 2007): 5, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/Winter/deptula.pdf.
JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States [JP 1:美国武装力量作战准则], 14 May 2007, I-2, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new_pubs/jp1.pdf.
FM 1, Army Forces in Unified Action [FM 1:陆军部队统一行动], 14 June 2005, 3-II, http://www.army.mil/fm1/chapter3.html.
Rose, "Extended Range / Multi-Purpose" [增程/多用途(ER/MP)无人航空器(UAV)作战要求文件(ORD)], 52.
House, Presentation to the Subcommittee on Readiness Committee on Armed Services, United States House of Representatives, In-Lieu-of (ILO) Taskings: Statement of Brigadier General Marke Gibson, Director of Current Operations and Training, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans and Requirements, United States Air Force [给美国众议院武装力量委员会战备状态小组委员会的报告,替代(ILO)任务简报:美国空军当前作战与训练局局长兼主管作战、计划与要求的副参谋长 Marke Gibson 准将的陈述], 110th Cong., 1st sess., 31 July 2007, http://armedservices.house.gov/p ... Testimony073107.pdf (accessed 4 April 2008).
FM 1, Army Forces in Unified Action [FM 1:陆军部队统一行动], 275.
Megan Orton, "General Underscores Commitment to Fielding Unmanned Aerial Systems" [将军强调部署无人航空系统的决心], American Forces Press Service, http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=52673.
Institute of Land Warfare, U.S. Army Aviation [美国陆军航空兵], 7.
Institute of Land Warfare, U.S. Army Aviation [美国陆军航空兵], 22.
JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States [JP 1:美国武装力量作战准则], I-2.


text:
World Economic Forum announces major circular economy initiative
by Mark Eltringham • Environment, News
The World Economic Forum is creating a new partnership which it claims will harness the potential of technology innovation and smart policy to fast-track the circular economy. WEF claims that SCALE 360 will collaborate with government, business, civil society and entrepreneurs around the world to find bright new ideas that will help us cut the waste in the world's economies. It defines a circular economy as a regenerative approach to production and consumption, in which products and materials are redesigned, recovered and reused to reduce environmental impacts. Research shows that this transition could generate $4.5 trillion in additional economic output by 2030.Although the concept has caught the attention of businesses and governments but is far from being mainstream. Today, only 9 percent of extracted materials are re-used. Meanwhile, the extraction and processing of natural resources continues to add to half of global greenhouse gas emissions and is projected to more than double by 2050.
SCALE 360 is affiliated with the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy. It aims to create new markets for circular goods, services and revenue by surfacing, supporting and connecting entrepreneurs and innovations through nationally-led challenges and partnerships. The idea is to help them scale up solutions in partnership with government ministries, impact investors, experts, and companies. The first of these national partnerships launches today in the United Arab Emirates. The next national partnership will launch in Chile with a long-term goal of growing a global network of change makers.
"This partnership aims to trigger a worldwide movement for radical change by identifying new technologies and business solutions that break our dependency on natural resource extraction while marrying targets for protecting the environment with ones for boosting economies," said Dominic Waughray, Head of the Centre for Global Public Goods, Member of Managing Board, World Economic Forum.
The announcement comes as innovations like blockchain-enabled asset tracking, digital business models, new materials and recovery systems enabled by artificial intelligence emerge across the world.
"SCALE 360 will fast track our global efforts to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. In addition to ensuring the conservation of our natural resources, a circular economy will step up our reliance on clean energy, enhance the consistent implementation of sustainable development standards, and generate greater opportunities for the youth in the region," said H.E. Dr. Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister of Climate Change & Environment of the United Arab Emirates. "Artificial Intelligence and advanced technologies have incredible potential to change our relationship with natural resources by applying it in new ways. This partnership provides an important opportunity to trigger new solutions and applications of these technologies" said H.E. Mr Omar bin Sultan Al Olama, Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence of the United Arab Emirates.
SCALE 360 builds on research developed by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture Strategy to explore the potential for Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies to accelerate the circular economy transition for plastics and electronics. The World Economic Forum will host the partnership with an initial investment of CHF 1 million from the UAE Government and will tap into the Forum's networks of experts, civil society, government and industry leaders, PACE and the network of Centers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Image: Nasa
HR leaders feel unprepared for the future of work The best smart cities focus on people rather than technology


text:
Image by Laurie Simmons
Artistic Expression through Domestic Dolls
Culture KERA Visual Art
Laurie Simmons is a New York artist whose photographs frequently feature dolls in domestic scenes. As a retrospective exhibit of her work opens in Texas, she reflects on her art and what it means to her. Listen to this interview with the artist to learn more about what is behind her fascination with photographing dolls.
Turning Trash Into Colorful Ink
A former illustrator who now owns an ink company finds ingredients for his ink in unlikely places, including city streets. Jason Logan has written a book that explains how he searches the environment for interesting sources of color that he uses to create a wide variety of inks. Listen to this story and follow the artist and his interviewer as they turn city trash into colorful ink.
Painting as Relationship
Art can be a helpful outlet for self-expression. This is the case for Texas-based artist Arthur Peña, who found that art offered him a safe retreat while growing in a community that could be dangerous. His mother, who was also an artist, encouraged his interest. After earning his credentials at prestigious art schools, he moved back to Texas and began a successful career. When he encountered some life challenges, however, Peña's art suffered. Listen to hear how working through his relationship with art helped to put his life back on a positive course.
Additional resources from KERA
Young Black Photographer Lands Vogue Cover
Shooting the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine is often considered the grand prize of fashion photography. Twenty-three-year-old Tyler Mitchell is the first African American photographer, and one of the youngest ever, to win that prize. Listen to this interview with Mitchell, who discusses what led to this important moment in his career, how he feels about it, and his thoughts about being the first black photographer to receive this honor.


Sticky: SEtool activation price goes down.
Sticky: FAQ about SETool support area access.
Sticky: Finally setool user manual!!!!
Sticky: How To Activate SETOOL Smart Card?
Sticky: what is that fuzz about s1 patch unlock ? what is difference from full unlock?
Sticky: .:: Se language description ::.
SETool update v1.1425 released !!!
SETool update v1.1423 released !!!
Welcome to the Universal Service Tool website!
SeTool New version v1.1411 Released.
SETool update v1.1302 released !!!


A cynic would look at projects like these and dismiss the lot. They're not Paris in the 1920s, or North Beach in 1950s, or SoHo in the 1970s. Cue up the intellectual scorn.
But the fact is that American expectations are being redefined — and the suburban landscape where most people live is following suit. This is, after all, a world where people want what they want when they want: music on their iPod, old movies or television shows on their DVD player, newspapers via the Internet.
Why shouldn't urbanism be available on demand as well?
The thing is, there's a difference between buildings and megabytes. One is ephemeral, the other isn't. You can watch a grainy snippet on YouTube and move on, but a poorly designed building stays right where it is, looking more faded and false by the day.
The suburbia of the future will be more dense than today, with a more varied set of options. And that's a good thing: There's a limit to how far a region's population should sprawl, or how much land should be consumed. Fighting change is absurd. Sneering at it is equally absurd.
On my long-term projects list is an effort to catalog today's "historic, gritty" urban neighborhoods when they, too, were brand spanking new — with shiny new buildings and tiny trees, they, too, looked pretty silly.
I think of the cover of Stewart Brand's _How Buildings Learn_. It depicts two identical speculative buildings in NOLA in the 1850s and then shows them after a half-century or more of alterations and ownership changes.


Today, we share the 30th episode of The JamBase Podcast. Episode 30 features a pair of interviews recorded aboard Jam Cruise 17. Iconic musician Karl Denson goes "Reelin' In The Years" before Shira Elias and Sammi Garett of Turkuaz discuss "The Art Of The Sit-In." The episode starts with "The Rundown" of recent news stories and live music experiences.
Karl Denson and JamBase's Scott Bernstein go "Reelin' In The Years," with a chat focusing on the different methods of touring Denson's utilized from his start as a professional musician through the present. Denson recalls the plush experience of touring in a bus during his first gig with O'Bryan, a band that was managed by Don Cornelius of Soul Train. It was then into cars and vans for his time of the road with Greyboy Allstars. Karl D. then experienced plenty of flying and bus tours as part of Lenny Kravitz's band. While Denson went back to vans for the first few years of touring with his Tiny Universe outfit, he joined The Rolling Stones in 2014 and he flies in The Stones' private plane for their tours. Karl has plenty of interesting stories about all of the different projects he's been involved with over the past four decades he shares in this not-to-be-missed interview.
Next, Scotty chats with Shira and Sammi about "The Art Of The Sit-In." JamBase contributor Chad Berndtson wrote a monthly column of the same name for five years and it now lives on in audio form. And who could be better to start the new format with than Elias and Garett? The pair has plenty of experience guesting with other acts and they talk about what works for them and wasn't doesn't, as well as other topics.
As usual, "The Rundown" comes ahead of the interview segments. JamBase's Andy Kahn and David Onigman host this episode's installment. First, DaveO discusses special shows he caught at San Francisco's Great American Music Hall. Then, AK and DaveO dive into recent news stories including a number of tour and festival lineup announcements and the passing of Jerry Garcia Band vocalist Gloria Jones.


text:
Q: How to call action of Controller outside the controller in Zend Framework? I am using Xajax in Zend Framework. I need to call action of particular controller in function of Xajax Class I have created.

A: Can you not place the action code you need to call into the model and then call it from there within the action and wherever else like:
$model = new Model;
$model->methodToCall();

A: Use jQuery. It makes AJAX easy.
$.ajax({
  url: '/my-controller/my-action',
  success: function(data) {
    alert('Successful response');
  }
});

In Zend Framework, create a controller action that you want to call using AJAX and send a response body that you want to use (either XML, JSON, or HTML for example).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
DALLAS – Notre Dame junior men's tennis player and sophomore women's tennis player Michelle Dasso dropped first round matches at the Rolex National Intercollegiate Indoor Championships, the third leg of the Intercollegiate Tennis Association collegiate grand slam. Sachire lost 7-5, 6-3 to Virginia Techs Adam Marchetti, while Kristina Kraszewski of Washington beat Dasso 6-3, 6-3.
Sachire, ranked third in the nation, was seeded third in the 32-player draw, while Marchetti was unseeded and ranked 23rd. The loss is just the fourth of the year for Sachire, who is now 16-4 in his junior season.
Dasso and Kraszewski were both unseeded and ranked right next to each other, with Kraszewski at 22nd and Dasso 23rd. Dasso is now 10-5 in singles this year.
Sachire returns to the court on Tues., Feb. 9, when the 24th-ranked Irish travel to 26th-ranked Kentucky. Dasso returns home to lead the 16th-ranked Irish against 59th-ranked Ohio State on Fri., Feb. 12, at 6:00 p.m. at the Eck Tennis Pavilion.


Why Should You Buy A Baby Comforter?
Without a doubt, babies can easily bring joy to anyone and at the same time, one of the most memorable moments that ever happened to you. But to ensure that your baby's needs are looked after, you'll have to give most of your time and attention to them. After having your first baby, you will soon realize that the main focus of your life has now changed differently. Regardless if it is buying a baby comforter, clothes, toys and the likes, your wants and priorities will mostly revolve in your little one.
Forgetting things and stuff is the least thing that every parent needs however, let's accept the reality that not everyone has the experience and know-how to take care of their baby in the first few months. The items that you are going to read next are not only an essential tool for your baby but can provide as well a level of comfort and happiness. The truth is, everyone could become beautiful parents only if they practice a bit of foresight.
We all know that babies have no sleeping patterns and it is hard to pinpoint when they will sleep or not. As for a parent, you want to have assurance that your little one is safely and soundly sleeping. Any less of it and you are threatening to ruin their sleep quality causing them to wake up. To ensure that your baby would enjoy uninterrupted sleep, it is smart to get a baby comforter for him/her.
Sleeps aids that are in form of baby comforter work wonders whether you believe it or not. This serves as a companion that comforts and allows your baby to feel protected as they sleep. Not only that, you can use the comforter for your babies to nibble, have something to hug and even chew. This is an effective way to sooth your child if for example that for no reason, they woke up and crying in the middle of the night.
The smell of the baby comforter is guaranteed to be a nice trick in making them feel happy when they feel upset. As you bring this while running errands or on your day trips, you have the chance to give your baby a way to sleep comfortably even outside of his/her typical environment. Just make sure that you wash and clean it regularly to avoid rashes and several related issues on your baby.
When washing it, it is preferable to use non-bio baby friendly detergent and non irritating sensitive fabric conditioner. By doing so, it is lessening the odds that the baby comforter will bring harm to your well loved baby.


These seven Operations Management classes offer some of the best business lessons online. In total, these courses offer over 47 educational contact hours across 79 lessons providing 4.7 accredited CEUs. All our operations management courses are completely online, self-paced, and proctored by a real instructor who will monitor your progress, assess your exams and assignments, and answer any questions you may have.
362 students have taken this course.
1,370 students have taken this course.
7 lessons: 4 hour class for 0.4 CEUs.
472 students have taken this course.
9 lessons: 5 hour class for 0.5 CEUs.
2,525 students have taken this course.
14 lessons: 9 hour class for 0.9 CEUs.


text:
DEADLINE INFORMATION
Ho-Chunk's top scholars travel to South Dakota during end-of-the-year incentive trip
By Tim Wohlers
Eleven middle school and high school students received a free trip to South Dakota this month, thanks to an incentive program sponsored by the Division of Youth Services in Tomah.
The five-day outing would serve as a reward for their performance in the classroom.
"It's just an incentive for the kids in our program," said Tomah Youth Coordinator Leland Bird. "Not many centers do this kind of thing. But we try to be different than the other centers, and do our own thing."
Stops included Badlands National Park, Wind Cave National Park, Mt. Rushmore Memorial, Crazy Horse Memorial, Cosmos Mystery Area, Bear Country USA and the SPAM museum.
Each would offer a glimpse into our nation's history that the students otherwise might not get.
"We like to get them out of their comfort zone," Bird said, "out of their box – because all they know is Tomah, Blue Wing and Tomah kids. So we try to get them out of that box, and let them discover new people and places."
According to Bird, the incentive program began five years ago with a camping trip to Mauston. After three years of pitching tents, though, the division set their sights on South Dakota.
Exclusive to this year's trip was a visit to the Boys and Girls Club of Rosebud.
"This is the second year we visited South Dakota," said Youth Coordinator Alicia Blackhawk. "And even though it's meant to be an incentive for staying in school and keeping their grades up, we wanted to add in some community service this year as well."
The group collected winter clothing, school supplies and baby products throughout the school year so that they could donate them to the club and the underserved reservation on which it sits.
Staff members said giving back to the community is a large part of their teachings.
"I think that's important," said Youth Coordinator Heidi Miles. "It gives them appreciation for what they have, and allows them to interact with kids from another area and see the similarities. I mean, you can look around and see the Rosebud version of each kid that we have."
During their visit to the Boys and Girls Club, the Tomah students also spent much of their time interacting with the youth living just outside its doors – on the Rosebud Indian Reservation.
They would teach one another traditional games played by their tribe, such as Moccasins.
"It's amazing how similar our children are to their children," Miles said. "I guess it's neat to see that, no matter where you go, people are still the same. They're different, but they're still the same."
With some extra time, and a little leftover money, the group would spend its last night in a hotel. There, they were able to get some relief from the 90-degree heat that had joined them on the trip.
Despite all the heat and humidity, those that went said they would love to do it again next year.
Students attending this year's trip included Thalia Nambo, Alexis Casarez, Savanah Blackhawk, Vanicia Blackhawk, Van Schwartz, Andrea Meers, Royce Roberts, Kierra Miles, Michael Miles, Breezy Mann and Kaidan Stewart.
Youth Service staff said they have not yet decided upon the destination for next year's trip, but are considering travelling to South Dakota once again.
Anyone interested in attending should contact a member of the division at (608) 374-3960.
Earth Partnership initiative recognized with UW-Madison's Community-University Partnership Award
Ardith Van Riper
Ho-Chunk Nation Oath of Office Ceremony
Ho-Chunk RV Resort and Campground hosts annual Youth Culture Camp
Annual Flag Day ceremony honors veterans and provides connection to families
Ken Luchterhand
Zunker heads effort in changing October day to Indigenous Peoples' Day
Chief John Winneshiek recognized for his military service with ceremony
Ho-Chunk Nation Digital Library project celebrates its third year of work
First Listeners Project Offers Ho-Chunk Language Classes
Copyright 2016 Ho-Chunk Nation: Hocak Worak


text:
WWE To Promote Pediatric Cancer Awareness Month
WWE has declared September Pediatric Cancer Awareness Month as they continue to honor the memory of Connor Michalek. On Monday, the company issued the following press release on dot com:
STAMFORD, Conn. — Connor Michalek left a special mark in WWE. WWE's Chief Brand Officer Stephanie McMahon met the 8-year-old superfan at the 2014 Royal Rumble in Connor's hometown Pittsburgh, and she could never forget their heart-warming meeting.
To show support for "Connor the Crusher," WWE will raise awareness for Pediatric Cancer Awareness Month throughout September wtih a special campaign. McMahon will turn her social media profiles gold, the internationally recognized color for pediatric cancer awareness, and will proudly display gold ribbons to show her support for finding a cure. Other parts of the campaign to spread awareness have not yet been revealed. Before campgain kicked off Sept. 1, McMahon published an article on Huffington Post Aug. 28 about Connor's lasting effect on her.
In June 2014, WWE formed Connor's Cure charity through Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation in honor of memory. WWE will also donate proceeds from McMahon's new T-shirt — featuring "Steph! Steph! Steph!" across the front — to Connor's Cure.
Download our FREE App! Dirt Sheet for iPhone, Android and iPad.


The McScribble Salon: Paperback Release!
We finally succeeded in producing a paperback edition of Charlotte Bronte's Thunder. For the next couple of weeks it'll only be available at CreateSpace, Amazon's 'Print on Demand' store. Takes time to get to the other outlets. The company only prints the number of copies requested. Nothing extra, so no remainders sitting for months on dusty shelves at bookstores.
The print edition will allow people who don't have e-readers to enjoy this unusual biography of Charlotte Bronte. It's more expensive than an e-book but you don't have to buy a reading device. At over 500 pages, we think it's a good deal.
After 7 years of writing and researching, it's a thrill to hold the actual book in my hands. I had been working off a computer screen for all those years and never actually imagined the size of the book, so when I received my proof copy I couldn't believe it. It's huge! When did I write all that?
The book analyzes my theory that Charlotte wrote all the Bronte novels. A shocker, I know, but the evidence is pretty convincing. I'll leave it up to you to decide.


Most of us will experience debt at least once in our lives. For some it may last for many years. At times it's unavoidable when traversing the daily tightrope of our financial lives. So here is some useful advice to help you get out of debt and into the light of financial freedom that lies beyond.
Make a list of your debts and choose one debt to pay off first.
Eliminate unecessary expenses from your budget, so that the money can be used to boost credit card payments.
Use a free service, such as ReadyForZero, to help you create a debt-payoff plan.
A guaranteed way to stay stuck in debt for longer than necessary is by making the minimum payments. It may stretch your budget, but by paying more you will save thousands of dollars in interest payments- money that could be better invested in building wealth rather than servicing debt.
A mortgage can turn into an ever-growing weight upon our shoulders. What seemed like a dream home when we were debt-free, appears now as a nightmare once our debts start piling up. It may be a good idea to cut the chains and downsize to a less expensive home, rent or let one of your rooms.
If you are looking to refinance your mortgage, check out a Mortgage Professor refinance calculator.
If you're serious in your efforts to get out of debt, then you must learn to say no. The author of "Life and Debt", Leslie H. Tayne says many people end up in debt because they borrow in order to spoil their children with purchases they can't afford. Tayne notes the case of a woman financially overburdening herself to pay $5000 a month to board a horse and pay for riding lessons for her daughter.
You need to sit down with your child early on and let them know what is and isn't in your budget. For advice on this visit Janet Bodnar's column, Saying No to Your Kids.
None of us know what is around the corner. It could be the loss of a job, a surprise home repair or a major health expense that in-expectantly hammers your finances. From those recently surveyed by Bankrate.com, only 38 percent had enough cash for that difficult day.
A general rule of thumb is to make sure that you have enough money tucked away to cover six months of expenses should that rainy day arrive.
A lot of us feel that we are entitled to things that perhaps stretch us a little too far. We treat ourselves to purchases as rewards for small achievements, because our friends have the same thing or just simply because we want it. We shove these purchases on credit cards and debt, when we simply don't need them.
It's okay to reward yourself from time to time, but you should only reward yourself for the reaching of a significant goal, such as giving up smoking or weight loss.
A significant way to get out of debt is to steer clear of late payments. The penalties that are imposed may seem like small change on their own, but if you are consistently late with payments then several over a month can become a real problem. Some credit cards charge as much as $37. That means if you fail to pay a handful of those in a month then you're easily receiving over $100 in new debt.
The best way to deal with this is to set up automatic payments so that each card is paid on time.
It's simple: the higher your interest rates, the more it will cost you to pay off your debt. And that means the possibility of having to wait much longer to get out of debt.
If you have good credit you could look for a zero percent or low-rate balance transfer offer from card issuers. However, if you can't pay off the debt during the promotional period, you'll have to transfer the balance to yet another card.
A better option could be to consolidate your high-interest debt into a lower-rate personal loan.


Following Adam Johnson's conviction for sexual activity with a child and his subsequent six year sentence (both of which are now the subject of an appeal), it has been well documented that his former employer, Sunderland Football Club, found themselves under intense media scrutiny resulting in the resignation of their chief executive Margaret Byrne in March. Organisations are frequently judged both internally and externally by their response to disciplinary issues involving their employees and, with the benefit of hindsight, the court of public opinion has judged that Sunderland handled this badly. In this article we consider the options that were available to Sunderland in dealing with the accusations against Johnson, the factors they could have taken into account and consider how they might have handled this matter differently.
If you require further information on anything covered in this briefing please contact Rob Lewis (robert.lewis@farrer.co.uk; +44 (0)203 375 7371), Tom Rudkin (thomas.rudkin@farrer.co.uk; +44 (0)203 375 7586) or your usual contact at the firm on 020 3375 7000.


text:
Home Keep Up Health & Pandemics Clay Travis says 'tide is turning' following reaction to Bari Weiss declaration...
Clay Travis says 'tide is turning' following reaction to Bari Weiss declaration she's 'done with COVID'
'We haven't gotten back to normal. And it's ridiculous at this point,' the former New York Times columnist said
Outkick founder Clay Travis credited former New York Times writer Bari Weiss with a tide-turning moment in the now two-year-long coronavirus pandemic after declaring she's "done with COVID" and the lockdowns that have come with it.
Progressive leaders have continued to enforce strict measures and vaccine mandates in the pandemic, most recently in response to the spread of the omicron variant. Weiss called it a "catastrophic moral crime" and a "pandemic of bureaucracy."
"We were told you get the vaccine, you get the vaccine and you get back to normal," she said. "And we haven't gotten back to normal. And it's ridiculous at this point," Weiss said during an appearance on HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher."
"I know that so many of my liberal and progressive friends are with me on this and they do not want to say it out loud because they are scared to be called anti-vaxxed or to be called science denial or to be smeared as a Trumper," she continued.
Her remarks received a raucous round of applause by Maher's audience, which Travis said proved the "tides are turning" in the pandemic.
"The most impressive thing about Bari Weiss on last night's Bill Maher is the wild applause after she finishes here," Travis tweeted. "After two years the tides are turning, even for the left leaning people in this country when it comes to covid."
The most impressive thing about Bari Weiss on last night's Bill Maher is the wild applause after she finishes here. After two years the tides are turning, even for the left leaning people in this country when it comes to covid. Watch this: pic.twitter.com/8DIH3zTibM
Several conservative figures and lawmakers agreed with Weiss.
By Cortney O'Brien
Read Full Article on FoxNews.com
Bari Weiss, "It's a Pandemic of Bureaucracy!"
Bari Weiss
Previous articleREACT 19
Next articleRoles of F.B.I. and Informants Muddle the Michigan Governor Kidnapping Case
https://www.foxnews.com/
FOXNews.com brings readers breaking news, latest stories and videos covering the world, entertainment, health, business, technology, politics, sports and more.
EXCLUSIVE: US Sen. Ron Johnson Tells FAA: Answer Questions About Pilots' Health, Possible Effects of COVID-19 Shots


Madam Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to rise today to speak to this important motion. It is obvious but nonetheless worth repeating that water is a vital resource. It is vital to human health, it is vital to the environment as it infuses our ecosystems, and it is vital to our economy, not just to agriculture and aquaculture in obvious industries that would use water, but also to industries like pharmaceuticals and computers. Just ask someone from the computer industry how much water it takes to clean computer chips to make sure that they absolutely pristine.
Water is also a very complex issue from the point of view of creating an integrated approach to the resource, or a national water policy vision.
In other words, it is extremely complicated to create an integrated approach to the issue of freshwater, whether it be in Canada or elsewhere. There are many reasons for that. First, there is a multiplicity of issues surrounding water, and water is governed by more than one jurisdiction.
There are a multiplicity of issues surrounding water. Water is governed by more than one jurisdiction, by a multiplicity of jurisdictions. The challenge is, how do we focus public and political interest on such a big issue that calls for a broad, visionary, and systematic policy approach? The answer is to shine the light on water at every opportunity, namely when specific water incidents arise, such as Walkerton, which would be one example, boil water advisories in First Nations communities, sewage overflows during rainstorms, or controlled sewage releases.
We have to use these opportunities not only to solve what are serious matters in a timely fashion but use these incidents to channel public concern about water to governments. These issues, in addition to being matters that require immediate government attention, are doorways for the public into the multiple facets of water policy.
The political ground is fertile for engaging Canadians on the issue of water. Canadians already rank water as a top priority. The Royal Bank of Canada water attitudes survey finds consistently that water ranks number two as a concern for Canadians, after health care. There is clearly an interest. The question becomes how to channel this interest to very specific water issues. The more, the better, because the more the public becomes interested in an array of water issues, the greater the chance that governments will act in an integrated, broad-based fashion to advance the water agenda.
I congratulate the member for Hamilton East — Stoney Creek for putting the spotlight on one particular issue, the very important issue of lead in drinking water, and in the process putting a focus on drinking water in general, and therefore on water itself in general.
Lead drinking water pipes are one pathway for lead to enter the human body. As we know, lead gasoline was another. Fortunately, we have addressed that problem. Lead in paint was another conduit, and that has been addressed fairly significantly, as far as I know. Lead in jewellery is another way lead can contaminate the human body. Of course, dust from smelters in areas that have smelters that emit emissions that have lead in them is another way.
One of the most recent flashpoints that underscores the need for a strong focus on water is what happened in Flint, Michigan. Flint also highlights a dimension that needs to be taken into account whenever we make policy decisions about water, or quite frankly any policy decision; that is, the socio-economic dimension. In this case, we are talking about the question of environmental justice.
Because of disparities in the quality of housing, community economic status, and access to medical care, lead in drinking water (and other media) disproportionately affects lower-income people. In addition, lead has disproportionate health effects on infants and children. In revising the LCR, EPA seeks to address environmental justice concerns and to prioritize protection of infants and children who are most vulnerable to the most harmful effects of lead exposure.
In Flint, 42% of residents live below the poverty line. It is a stunning figure. To reduce the water-fund deficit, the city switched water sources in 2014. It was getting its water from Detroit, but that proved to be too expensive so it had the intention of connecting a water line from Flint to Lake Huron whereby it could access drinking water more cheaply. In the meantime, it had a two-year period in which it needed another source of drinking water other than the Detroit drinking water system. Therefore the town turned to the Flint River for its drinking water for, as I mentioned, this two-year period. Flint River water was of poor quality, among other things due to earlier industrial pollution. It was 19 times more corrosive than Detroit water. The water therefore corroded the aging lead pipes of Flint's drinking water distribution system, and we know what the results were: a drinking water crisis in Flint, Michigan. Just to give an example, one home, the home of Lee Anne Walters, mother of four, had 104 parts per billion of lead content in that home's drinking water as compared to the EPA limit of 15 parts per billion.
Fortunately, our Liberal government has made a major financial commitment to upgrading and modernizing our infrastructure, including our water infrastructure. We will thus hopefully not be plagued by problems like those in Flint. In fact, this can be called Canada's infrastructure moment. The 2016 budget made a 10-year, $120-billion commitment to Canada's municipal infrastructure, in two phases. The first phase includes $2 billion for rehabilitating and modernizing water infrastructure. Then in the fall 2016 economic update, the Minister of Finance increased that commitment by $80 billion over 11 years, beginning in 2017 and 2018. This will be a further opportunity to address aging infrastructure, including old lead pipes in municipal water distribution systems.
Health Canada, for its part, is taking the initiative on lead in drinking water. A consultation has been launched by the federal-provincial-territorial committee on drinking water, and this consultation is open until March 15. It aims to set a new limit for the maximum acceptable concentration of lead in drinking water. The existing limit was set a quarter of a century ago in 1992. Health Canada's consultation document proposes a limit of five parts per billion, citing the impact of lead on IQ, especially in children.
It should be noted that no threshold can be identified below which lead is no longer associated with neuro-developmental effects. The U.S. limit is 15 parts per billion and the World Health Organization's limit is 10 parts per billion. Different limits are the product of different assumptions about consumption rates, body weights, and so on. In Canada, we are aiming ambitiously at lowering the maximum acceptable limit to five parts per billion. While Health Canada is working on the question of maximum allowable concentrations, we need to examine the issue from the point of view of controlling lead in drinking water, which is fundamentally an infrastructure issue.
Lead in drinking water serves to highlight the interdependent, interdepartmental, and interjurisdictional challenge surrounding water policy in our country. We need, at minimum, a two-track approach to this problem.
The best overarching solution to getting lead out of drinking water is to replace all lead pipes. However, beyond this clear and simple — but expensive — long-term solution the issue is complex because interim solutions will be required, in combination and carefully balanced with each other.
Placing filters on household taps is one temporary solution. The Flint crisis showed us that filters can be an effective short-term solution for reducing lead in drinking water.
Second, replacing lead service lines that run from the municipal service line to a home can apparently cut lead in drinking water by anywhere from 50 to 75 percent. But replacing these lines can be costly for homeowners, revolving between $2,500 and $8,000 per line, according to U.S. data. In the U.S., it is estimated that the aggregate cost could run between $16 and $80 billion.
Lead service lines tend to be in older homes which are often in lower-income areas. So, the ability to pay for line replacements becomes a question of environmental justice. Can only higher-income sectors afford to conduct the necessary work? If so, how do we ensure that residents in lower-income areas are provided the capacity to protect their residents from the negative health effects of lead pipes? Who will pay?
The City of Kirkland, in my riding, dealt with a similar challenge: crossed sewage connections from homes to municipal sewers that mistakenly sent household sewage into storm-sewer lines. The city eventually provided financial assistance for repairs to homeowners who, through no fault of their own, had bought homes with these faulty connections that were sending sewage through open streams into Lake St. Louis.
Finally, corrosion control treatment (CCT) can be used at the municipal level to reduce lead-leaching corrosion of municipal service lines. This is a recognized temporary solution but its implementation is complex — and moreover in the provincial/municipal domain — involving testing protocols and questions about discretion at local decision points. At the moment, in the U.S., CCT is focused on school areas.
So, in conclusion, decisions will need to be made that balance risks and financial realities and that recognize the need for rational inter-jurisdictional coordination. This is why we need deeper examination of the issue of how to reduce lead in drinking water as we strive to conform to Health Canada's upcoming new maximum acceptable limits for lead in drinking water. I congratulate the Member from Hamilton East-Stoney Creek for suggesting that this work begin at a parliamentary committee. The outcome of the committee study will prove valuable to policy-makers at Infrastructure Canada and, presumably, at Health Canada. I am sure the findings will benefit provincial and municipal policy-makers as well.


text:
Alberta Liberal Party slogan
Match the campaign slogan with the Alberta political party
The Alberta Legislature (FILE PHOTO) Article
Albertans head to the polls May 5 to elect a new provincial government.
Over the next few weeks, the parties will try to sway you with campaign promises and policy platforms.
Premier, and PC leader, Jim Prentice kicked off the campaign with a speech in Edmonton before heading out on the trail.
Meanwhile, Rachel Notley and Brian Jean highlighted their differences from the governing Tories.
Click here for more election coverage
Before voters will get a chance to hear what each leader is promising, each party has put forward its vision in the form of a handy campaign slogan.
Source: www.edmontonsun.com
Wildrose Party Alberta Rebate Cheques!
Justin Trudeau offers key glimpses of next Liberal platform
By hook or by crook: the Liberals are determined to have their way.(Liberals rush to pass proposed First Nations governance act (Bill C-7)): An article from: Wind Speaker
Book (Aboriginal Multi-Media Society of Alberta (AMMSA))
Alberta Liberal Party convention
Alberta Liberal Party David Swann
Alberta Liberal Party platform
Alberta Liberal Party caucus
The Alberta general election of 2001 was the twenty-fifth general election for the Province of Alberta, Canada. It was held on March 12, 2001 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
The incumbent Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, led by Ralph Klein, won a strong majority for its tenth consecutive term in government. In...
The Alberta general election of 1935 was the eighth general election for the Province of Alberta, Canada. It was held on August 22, 1935 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
Premier John E. Brownlee was forced to resign on July 10, 1934 when he was sued and found liable for the seduction of a young clerk working in the...
@Remedios Birnbaum: Former executive director of the Alberta Liberal party just said they're finished, too. Holy moly. Sun, 21 June 2015 02:41 PM


Greetings from All Saints School!
Thank you for the opportunity of introducing All Saints School to you. Many of you may be familiar with our school, situated in the Village of Denmark, Wisconsin. We have been educating the youth of our area since 1958, giving a strong educational foundation to hundreds of students. With our excellent educators, All Saints School provides for the intellectual, physical, emotional, moral, spiritual and social needs of our students.
All Saints School is accredited through the Wisconsin Religious and Independent Schools Accreditation(WRISA). To maintain accreditation, schools must conduct a self-study and host a visiting team every seven years. Schools must submit an Annual Report with an updated Long-Range Plan Form, as well as show compliance with WRISA. They must also demonstrate a continued commitment to school improvement. All Saints School has been recognized for the high standards we have achieved and the school improvements we continue to demonstrate.
Recently a new addition was completed on our school. The addition included a spacious media center, activity center, as well as handicapped bathrooms and additional storage area. The media center is home to an expanded library and computer lab. The activity center serves as a gymnasium and auditorium.
All Saints School educates students entering kindergarten through eighth grade. Each grade receives instruction in math, science, English, reading, social studies, music, physical education, art, and computer. Spanish is offered to our K-8th grade students and band is offered to the 6th-8th grade students of All Saints School by the Denmark School District. Religion is taught in each classroom, and the students plan and participate in weekly liturgies.
All Saints School is located within the Denmark School District. Our students are bused by the Denmark School District buses. Our enrollment is open to all students, regardless of parish membership or faith affiliation.
We would like to extend an invitation to visit our school. We welcome the opportunity to give a personal tour. Though All Saints School is the only Catholic grade school in the Denmark School District, our enrollment is open to all students, regardless of parish membership. Tuition assistance is also available.
We hope that you will consider All Saints School for the total intellectual and spiritual Catholic education of your children.


text:
Development on SNESguide has been discontinued as of 2017. Thanks for your support!
Publisher: Hudson Soft
Published by: Hudson Soft, 1994
Genre: Platform | Licensed
Based on the movie by the same name, Fievel Goes West is a platform game featuring the young mouse Fievel Mousekewitz. After immigrating to overseas to America in the 1800s(?), the Mousekewitz family has moved out onto the open frontier of the wild west. (more...)
Battle Grand Prix
Genre: Racing | Licensed
Formula 1 cars make their way to the Super Nintendo for some high-speed thrills. You?ll travel to tracks all over the world as you compete on some of the most intense and challenging courses you?ve ever seen. Take your pick from more than 40 drivers, 24 d (more...)
Bill Laimbeer's Combat Basketball
Genre: Basketball | Licensed
This futuristic basketball game is endorsed by none other than Bill Laimbeer of the Bad Boys Detroit Pistons. The game is 5-on-5 with no rules except for out-of-bound and backcourt. The storyline is that in the year 2023 Bill Laimbeer, the most physical p (more...)
Dig and Spike Volleyball
Genre: Sports, Other | Licensed
Dig and Spike Volleyball brings all the action of world-class v-ball into your living room. You can choose your country and play a 6-on-6 match against some of the best teams on the planet, or you can hit the beach and opt for some 2-on-2 action. In eithe (more...)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast
Genre: Action | Licensed
The classic animated Disney movie BEAUTY AND THE BEAST makes its way to the Super Nintendo, providing fun for the entire family. An enchantress who wants to punish him for his selfishness turns an egotistical prince into a huge, hulking beast. On top of t (more...)
DoReMi Fantasy: Milon's DokiDoki Adventure
"DoReMi Fantasy: Milon's DokiDoki Adventure" was released only in Japan for the Super Famicom and was made available to other regions more recently via the Wii Virtual Console. Milon heads up a mission to restore the music from the forest of (more...)
Hagane: The Final Conflict
No matter how hard they may try, it's virtually impossible for two clans to coexist in the universe. HAGANE: The Final Conflict tells the story of two such clans the KOMA-clan and the FUMA-clan. These two bitter rivals were constantly at odds until a (more...)
Dr. Claw has kidnapped Penny. Her uncle, the bumbling Inspector Gadget, is the only one who can save her. Guide Gadget as he tries to navigate through multiple levels filled with scorpions, moths, and Claw's henchmen. Luckily, He has a number of devic (more...)
#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAll
All video game characters, titles, artwork, music, and other creative elements of these games belong solely to their original creators.
NESguide is not affiliated with Nintendo of America, Nintendo Co Ltd, or any other video game publisher or development company.
General identity, web design and some content is © 2006-2021 SNESguide.com | NESguide Terms of Use - Privacy Policy


The Aircraft Maintenance Programs Analyst is responsible for analyzing, validating and revising the Aircraft Maintenance Program in safe and reliable operations, as well as maintaining regulatory compliance. Utilizes critical thinking to perform research and analysis as required to support the Maintenance Program as well as other departments, as needed. Reviews and audits various Maintenance Programs manuals and documents including OEM Maintenance Planning Documents, Supplemental Type Certificate Instructions for Continued Airworthiness and Engineering Orders. Maintains documents, such as task cards, to the most current revision.