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Item 11244 - Bannister arm chair, York, ca. 1740-1760
Contributed by Old York Historical Society
1284px x 2477px - 4.3"w x 8.3"h @ 300dpi | Need a larger size?
*Credit line must read: Collections of Old York Historical Society
This chair belonged to the Henry Gray family of York. Gray later moved to Sturbridge, MA.
The chair consists of maple as the primary and pine as the secondary woods. Bannister back with 5 split carved bannisters. Rectangular dropped seat rail with upper corners rounded. Carved 3-tiered crest with rounded edges. Round finials over blocked and turned stiles. Rear legs blocked below seat. Front posts extend 2.6cm above rush seat, elaboratedly blocked and turned. 1 turned stretcher on each side at varying heights, higher in front and lower in back. Front button feet. Dark rosewood graining over original black paint.
Title: Bannister arm chair, York, ca. 1740-1760
Creation Date: circa 1740
Subject Date: circa 1740
Local Name: Western Point
Town: Sturbridge, York
County: Worcester, York
State: MA, ME
Media: Maple and pine
Dimensions: 128 cm x 60 cm x 54 cm
Local Code: 2003.55
Object Type: Physical Object
For more information about this item, contact:
Old York Historical Society
P.O. Box 312, York, ME 03909
Cross Reference Searches
Standardized Subject Headings
Gray, Henry
Other Keywords
Great chair
Paint graining
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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of course there was shadow.
to for solace and release .
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Home » The Case of the Crazy Collections by Laura Lee Hope
The Case of the Crazy Collections
Laura Lee Hope
The Bobbsey Twins are the principal characters of what was, for many years, the Stratemeyer Syndicates longest-running series of childrens novels, penned under the pseudonym Laura Lee Hope. Series written under this pseudonym include: The Bobbsey Twins (1904-), The Outdoor Girls (23 vols. 1913-1933), The Moving Picture Girls (7 vols. 1914-1916), Bunny Brown (20 vols. 1916-1931), Six Little Bunkers (14 vols. 1918-1930), Make Believe Stories (12 vols. c. 1920-1923), and Blythe Girls (12 vols. 1925-1932).For The Bobbsey Twins series: the first of 72 books was published in 1904, the last in 1979. The books related the adventures of the children of the middle-class Bobbsey family, which included two sets of mixed-gender fraternal twins: Bert and Nan, who were 12 years old, and Flossie and Freddie, who were six. AuthorshipEdward Stratemeyer himself is believed to have written the first volume in its original form in 1904. When the original series was brought to its conclusion in 1979, it had reached a total of 72 volumes. At least two abortive attempts to restart the series were launched after this, but in neither effort was the popularity of the original series achieved.Speculation that Stratemeyer also wrote the second and third volumes of the series is believed to be incorrect- these books are now attributed to Lilian Garis, wife of Howard Garis, who is credited with volumes 4–28 and 41. Elizabeth Ward is credited with volumes 29–35, while Harriet Stratemeyer Adams is credited with 36–38, 39 (with Camilla McClave), 40, 42, 43 (with Andrew Svenson), and 44–48. Volumes 49–52 are attributed to Andrew Svenson, while 53–59, and the 1960s rewrites of 1–4, 7, 11–13, and 17, are attributed to June Dunn. Grace Grote is regarded as the real author of 60–67 and the rewrites of 14 and 18–20, and Nancy Axelrad is credited with 68–72. Of the 1960s rewrites not already mentioned, volumes 5 and 16 are credited to Mary Donahoe, 6 and 25 to Patricia Doll, 8–10 and 15 to Bonnibel Weston, and 24 to Margery Howard.--from Wikipedia
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There is a new Temporary Activity Visa Framework commencing on 19 November 2016.
Applications lodged before 19 November 2016 will be processed under pre-19 November 2016 legislation. However, applications for visas made after 19 November cannot be linked to nominations approved prior to 19 November 2016.
• if you apply for a Subclass 407 Training visa, you would need a nomination and to be sponsored, regardless of how long you intend to stay. No nomination is required if the sponsor is a Commonwealth agency.
No sponsorship will be required for this visa. It will be granted for a maximum of 3 months stay, with that stay calculated from the arrival date.
 A further stream of this visa will be available for competitors and teams entering Australia to compete in short term events.
This visa will be 'work-focussed'. Activities endorsed by the Minister as 'Significant Events' eg the Commonwealth Games, will be provided streamlined application processing. The usual genuine temporary entrant, adequate means of support and PIC requirements will apply to these applications.
 Coaches, sporting club professionals, adjudicators, judges and sports trainees would use this visa.
 Superyacht crew visas will be incorporated into this subclass and now attract the standard VAC.
 The sponsor of occupational trainees must be the training provider.
 PhD students, university researchers and academics are moved to the Temporary Activity 408 visa.
 The Seasonal Worker Programme will be incorporated into this subclass and Special Programme Agreements will be moved to the Temporary Activity Subclass 408.
The MIA will provide further information to members as it is received.
If you would like more information about this intended change, please do not hesitate to contact us before the costs of this visa continue to rise.


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Beautiful Disorder is the second and final album by hard rock band Breaking Point, released in 2005. The tracks "Show Me a Sign" and "All Messed Up" were released as singles. It was recorded with producer Ben Schigel playing drums.  The band's second drummer, Aaron "Zeke" Dauner was then added, who replaced Jody Abbott. David Cowell was also added on guitar to tour from this point.
The song "Goodbye to You" is featured on the Fantastic Four movie soundtrack.

Track listing
All songs written by Justin Rimer and Ben Schigel.
 Show Me a Sign - 3:03
 Don't Let Go - 4:02
 All Messed Up - 3:12
 Promise Keeper - 3:33
 Goodbye to You - 3:51
 How Does It Feel - 3:38
 Had Enough of You - 3:36
 Never Walk Away - 3:21
 Nothing Left at All - 3:29
 Reality Show - 3:18
 Killing with Kindness - 3:44

Personnel
 Brett Erickson - vocals
 Justin Rimer - guitar, backing vocals
 Greg Edmondson - bass, backing vocals
 Aaron "Zeke" Dauner - drums

References

2005 albums
Breaking Point (band) albums
Wind-up Records albums


text:
Home > Columns & Papers > Foreign Affairs & National Security > Two Dialogues in Beijing and Canberra
[Foreign Affairs & National Security]
Two Dialogues in Beijing and Canberra
JBpress on July 11, 2014
Kunihiko Miyake
[Expertise]
Foreign Affairs and National Security
At the opening ceremony of the 6th round of the S&ED (the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue) on July 9, Chinese President Xi Jinping reportedly stated that "China-U.S. confrontation, to the two countries and the world, would definitely be a disaster." Yes, he is right and we cannot agree more. But the real question now is how we can avoid such confrontation?
Honestly, the silent majority of Japanese do not know much about the S&ED. Probably, neither do many ordinary Americans. It is a high-level dialogue for the U.S. and China to discuss a wide range of bilateral, regional and global political, strategic, security and economic issues. Despite its ostentatious name, the meetings have hardly born fruit so far.
Recently, the Chinese side seems to be more interested in words and concepts than substance. At the opening ceremony President Xi reiterated the importance of building a "new model of major country relations." Later in a press conference, Chinese high level participants in the S&ED repeatedly referred to this notoriously ambiguous concept with special emphasis.
President Xi went on to say that China and the United States "should mutually respect and treat each other equally, and respect the other's sovereignty and territorial integrity and respect each other's choice on the path of development" and that "we should avoid enforcing one's opinion and model on the other." I beg your pardon? Do you treat Vietnam and the Philippines equally?
Great Chinese leaders' remarks often require information on connotation, if not outright interpretation. When they say they "should mutually respect and treat each other equally," that means America neither respects China nor treats her as an equal. When they talk about "sovereignty" or "choice," they are not happy with what the West does. In a nutshell, China is not ready to make a serious deal with the United States.
The response from Secretary of State John Kerry was intriguing. He said in a press conference that, "I heard many times President Xi Jinping just now talk about a great country relationship, a new model. I would say to you that a new model is not defined in words. It is defined in actions. The new model will be defined by the choices that we can make together."
While denying to seek to contain China, Kerry went on to say that a U.S.-China rivalry is "not inevitable but is a choice... that's why we are committed to a new model of relations, of great country relationship, a mutually beneficial relationship in which we cooperate in areas of common interest and constructively manage the differences."
All these mean that there will be no agreement in a foreseeable future on even the concept of the "new type of major country relations." It's too bad, but this is the undeniable reality between the United States and China as witnessed in Beijing on July 9. On the same day in Canberra, however, things seemed to be much more promising and substantive.
Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was visiting Australia and, together with Prime Minister Tony Abbott, issued a joint statement entitled "Special Strategic Partnership for the 21st Century." Unlike in Beijing, nobody is being asked to define the special strategic partnership for the simple reason that the two premiers just got the business done, period.
The most striking part of the joint statement is the following: "The two leaders decided to commence negotiations with a view to making an agreement that would reciprocally improve administrative, policy and legal procedures to facilitate joint operations and exercises." Few people will notice the significance of the sentence but this is extremely important.
Read it carefully. The sentence could mean that there may be a new security related bilateral agreement between Japan and Australia, which would remove various obstacles for the two countries' armed forces to conduct joint military operations or exercises. This, although still at a primitive stage, could dramatically enhance security cooperation between the two nations.
On July 8, Prime Minister Abe delivered a speech at the Australian Parliament. He said, "When we Japanese started out again after the Second World War, we thought long and hard over what had happened in the past, and came to make a vow for peace with their whole hearts. We Japanese have followed that path until the present day. We will never let the horrors of the past century's history repeat themselves."
"This vow that Japan made after the war is still fully alive today. It will never change going forward. There is no question at all about this point. I stand here in the Australian legislative chamber to state this vow to you solemnly and proudly." Then he quoted the words of former Prime Minister R.G. Menzies who restarted Australia-Japan ties after World War II. "Hostility to Japan must go. It is better to hope than always to remember." For Japan, Australia is a very special nation.
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this is a really good serum and I'm going to buy it as soon as possible.


text:
A genomic journey through time
20.03.2020 von Kerstin Viering in Science, Research
New genetic studies paint a surprising picture of plant evolution: When plants came ashore around 500 million years ago, their genetic diversity exploded - thus laying the groundwork for genetic innovation that would only later prove important.
Plant scientist Marcel Quint in the greenhouse - he specialises in studying the evolution of plants. (Foto: Maike Glöckner)
From gigantic sequoia trees and tiny duckweed, to ornamental orchids and unassuming moss cushions: in the course of around one billion years, the earth's plants have undergone enormous diversification. Botanists have identified more than half a million species, all of which can be traced back to a common ancestor. But how could just a few relatively simple algae produce so many different plants with such a diverse range of shapes, colours, features and ways of living? Professor Marcel Quint from the Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, and Professor Ivo Grosse from the Institute of Computer Science at MLU are leading a team that is looking into this question – and finding astonishing answers.
Every journey into the distant past begins with the genetic material of today's plants. "If you want to understand evolution, you have to look at the genomes of the individual species and compare them with one another," explains Ivo Grosse. The sequence of the DNA building blocks plays a decisive role. If two species have only recently split off from one another, these sequences will still look very similar. If, on the other hand, the last common ancestor lived a long time ago, there will be considerably more differences.
Making such comparisons, however, requires the DNA sequences of as many species as possible. For a long time, botanists were at a clear disadvantage in this regard. Their objects of research have a particularly large and complex genome, which is correspondingly difficult to analyse. "While hundreds of animal genomes have already undergone sequencing in the past twenty years, plant research has been lagging behind for a long time," says Grosse.
In response, around 200 experts from all over the world launched a mammoth project ten years ago called the "One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative". The aim was to sequence the genome of at least a thousand species across the family tree of plants - from the more primitive algae, mosses and ferns to more sophisticated flowering plants. "We wanted to work as efficiently as possible," says Marcel Quint. Many questions posed by evolutionary research do not require an investigation of the entire genome; only parts that actually contain genetic information are needed. Therefore, instead of examining a plant's DNA, the researchers are examining its RNA – in other words, a copy of the blueprints stored in the genome which the organisms use to produce their proteins.
Since its inception, the initiative has sequenced about 1,500 of these so-called transcriptomes. "It is a treasure trove of data that still contains many undisclosed secrets," says Grosse. The bioinformatician and his colleagues from Halle are investigating the evolution of gene families as part of a subproject. His doctoral student, Martin Porsch, recently traced the development of such large groups of genes with similar functions across the family tree of plants.
"There are many different gene families, some of which have several hundred members," explains Grosse. Botanists have a good idea of how this familial diversity came about. Crucial here is the ability of plants to duplicate individual genes or even their entire genome. In the process, new material for evolution to play with is constantly being created. This is because tiny changes allow these copies to take on a new function, while the original gene continues to function according to the established pattern.
A look at the genome reveals that evolution has proceeded rather erratically when it comes to these duplications: For a long time, hardly anything happened, then there were downright explosions in genetic diversity. Botanists already thought they knew when the latter took place. "It is obvious that particularly complex organisms, such as flowering plants, also have a particularly large number of genes," says Marcel Quint. Many experts had therefore assumed that, shortly before the emergence of this group of plants, around 160 million years ago, evolution had set off a virtual firework of duplication.
But that's not how it happened. "Many of these duplications are much older and date back 500 million years, to a time when the first plants began leaving the water," explains Quint, summarising the results of the study, which was published as a cover story in the scientific journal "Nature". The astonishing thing about this discovery is that evolution got hold of a large construction set of genetic material, which it did not make use of initially. The plants carried around gene families as part of their genetic material that would not be used in the development of flowers, seeds or roots for millions of years. "We were very surprised by this because nature doesn't normally carry around a lot of ballast," explains Quint. Anything that has no direct benefit only consumes energy unnecessarily and is therefore discarded.
The researchers still do not know exactly why it was different in this case. The gene families that are now responsible for flowers and other modern innovations most likely played a different role in the past. And it is quite possible that they will assume new roles in the future. There is a lot of material slumbering in the genome of plants that evolution can continue to work with. This is good news in times of climate change and other environmental changes. Because adaptability is urgently needed right now. This makes it all the more crucial to protect this genetic resource, stresses Quint: "With every species that dies out, genetic information that might be extremely important for the future is also lost."
Professor Marcel Quint
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences
Telephone: +49 345 55-22739
Mail: marcel.quint@landw.uni-halle.de
Professor Ivo Große
Tel. +49 345 55-24774
Mail: ivo.grosse@informatik.uni-halle.de
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The Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA, Minister for Tourism for Western Australia said, "The State Government is thrilled that Perth Convention Bureau has secured the rights to host Tourism Australia's Dreamtime 2019 for Western Australia".
City of Perth Chair Commissioner Eric Lumsden said, "The opportunity to host an event of this nature is a major coup for Perth. An unprecedented rate of change and expansion has recently transformed Perth and being selected to host Dreamtime 2019 reinforces Perth's positioning as a global player".


"Larger commerical area within this neighborhood"
Meiers Corners is a neighborhood in New York City's Staten Island borough that is sometimes mistaken for Westerleigh, an adjacent community. Meiers Corners comes from the commercial district where Watchogue Road, Jewett Avenue, Victory Boulevard, and Bradley Avenue all meet.
The south end of the neighborhood sits high above on a plateau where the elevation has increased. The Susan Wagner High School can be found in this area.
The area is highly residential and does not offer the five-star dining you find in Manhattan, but there are a few eateries within the commercial district. All of your retail needs and services can be found along Victory Boulevard and Bradley.
"Shopping time in Staten Island"
"Busy but oddly isolated street"


The Nashville Predators bested the Colorado Avalanche in regulation. With help from third line forward Colton Sissons, the Predators walk away from Pepsi Center with a 4-1 victory.
The Predators dominated the early stages in the game, creating chance after chance. MacKinnon came close to scoring the first goal, but solid defense forced an uncomfortable shot. Nashville's third line pressed the attack nearing five minutes left in the period when Ekholm found Bonino low in the crease. Bonino's shot slipped through Varlamov's pads, and Sissons picked up the loose change. Josi later created a 2 on 1 from an Avalanche line change, and Sissons slapped one past Varmalov for his second of the period.
Early in the second period, an off-sides prevented Colorado from pulling within one. However, Calvert tipped a Girard slapshot past Rinne, and the game was within Colorado's grasp. The Predators responded at the end of the period on the power play when Sissons tipped Turris' shot. It was Sissons' second career hat trick.
Colorado had a second goal waved off due to another off-sides call. As time began to expire, Hartman buried the empty netter.
The Predators officially move to 12-3-0 with 24 points, placing them ahead of the Minnesota Wild by six points. They currently lead the league as well- one point ahead of the Tampa Bay Lightning.
Nashville is currently undefeated on the road, posting a 7-0-0 record through 15 games this year. They are also undefeated in the Central Division this year.
Forward Viktor Arvidsson has been on the IR following the Vegas- Nashville game on October 30th. Secondary scoring finally broke through during the Vegas game. Hartman, Turris, and Bonino have each scored 4 points through four games while Jarnkrok and Fiala have scored 3.
Other huge offensive contributors include Josi, Ekholm, and Subban. Josi has racked up five points through four games, while Ekholm and Subban each have two.
In a nutshell, secondary scoring and offense from the defense have made up for Arvidsson's absence. Filip Forsberg hasn't scored in four games, and Johansen has only two points. The first line has tried Fiala and Sissons, but Arvidsson has been missed.
It's official- the Predators have one of the worst power plays in the league. Although they finally got a power-play goal last night, the team currently sits at 13% conversion on the man-advantage.
However, they have allowed fewest goals per game—only 2.07 per game. Goaltending has been a serious commodity, as Juuse Saros and Pekka Rinne have been absolutely phenomenal.
Rinne has posted two shutouts, won 6 games, and holds a save percentage of .949. Of the 51 shots he faced in the last two games, only one counted. (2 were discredited due to offsides). He's aging like fine wine- only getting better with time.
The Predators face their fourth Central Division foe on Saturday night- the Dallas Stars. The Stars are on a two-game losing streak, dropping games to Boston and Columbus. Dallas faces San Jose tonight to begin a homestead.
The Predators are the best team in the league right now, even without Arvidsson. Goaltending has been outstanding, secondary scoring is ever apparent right now, and Nashville is getting more offense from the defense. Their special teams aren't great, and it's been a tale of "What's working right now" for the Predators.
Once all aspects of their early success start working collectively, they will reaffirm what the rest of the league already knows- Nashville will be competing beyond 82 games.
-Jack Woods covers the Nashville Predators and the Central Division for FullPressCoverage.com and PenaltyBoxRadio.com. You can follow on Twitter at @jack_woods15 and the Full Press Predators at @FPC_Predators.


Cleveland golf is one of the top golf club brands used by professionals, from Woods, Hybrids, Irons, Wedges and Putters. It is no wonder they are a hit with many PGA pro players, including Hideki Matsuyama, J.B Holmes, Keegan Bradley and Graeme McDowell.
However, to get the very best out of Cleveland golf clubs, it is worth considering having your Cleveland club custom fitted. Here at Golfsupport, we can offer a one-on-one service in our fitting centre in store for the price of £35 (£20 if you decide to purchase the club directly from us), or using an interactive custom fitting service online, to cater for your preferences from the comfort of your own home.
Every golfer should know that each player has their own, unique swing. It is a known fact that playing with a standard, off-the-shelf club can often hinder your game, by struggling with flight, over-hitting putts or lacking accuracy. Therefore, having a custom fit can help to resolve these problems by building a club around your unique style.
When getting a custom fitted golf club in store, our experienced team will use up-to-date technology to analyse all areas of your game to ensure your clubs are customised in a way that helps to enhance every aspect of your golfing performance. Our Cleveland specialists will find you the best head design and shaft for your new clubs and then optimise their loft, lie, weight, balance and grip to match your playing style.
Custom fitting is all about putting together the ideal combination of fittings to match each individual's style of play. To begin, the custom fitters learn about how you like to play by looking into the way you use your current wedges and putters and discover your strengths and weaknesses.
From this, we carry out a detailed analysis of your playing technique using state of the art technology: GC2 Smart Camera System. The technology provides accurate data regarding all aspects of your game, including: impact speed, ball velocity, hitting distance, smash factor, launch angle, swing path, spin rates (back, side and total) and carry. This enables our custom fitters with the necessary information to create your perfect Cleveland wedge and putter. When your custom fitting session comes to an end, you'll receive a copy of the GC2 performance data to take away. This information can be useful when you want to buy customised clubs in the future.
The GC2 Smart Camera System cleverly takes measurements of your ball flight at the most important time: at the club head impact and launch. This creates key performance indicators required to create clubs that match your style of play.
92% of customers who use the GC2 for their fitting say that their new clubs bring immediate benefits to their game. Therefore, it is understandable to see why it is used around the world and by touring professionals, and used by manufacturers such as Cleveland, TaylorMade, Cobra, Ping and Callaway.
To properly custom fit your Cleveland clubs, we really need to see how you play with your current wedge and putter. Bringing them to the fitting gives us a fuller picture of how you normally play.
Bring your favourite golf balls, too. As different balls perform in different ways, it will help us ensure that your custom fitted clubs work well with your preferred ball.
What makes custom fitting at Golfsupport a truly unique is the people who carry it out. To guarantee expert service, you will be looked after by our highly-trained and experienced Cleveland fitter who is also a PGA professional.
Our PGA professionals are passionate about improving your game and want you to be totally happy with your Cleveland clubs. Their all-inclusive knowledge ensures your new custom fit clubs will be a perfect match for your style of play.
I've had customised drivers in the past but getting a customised Cleveland wedge was a first for me. What a difference it has made to my game. Hitting out of the turf is so much easier and much more accurate in terms of distance and accuracy. Great purchase.
Can't believe the difference between a custom fitted and a regular club. All the customisations just work so well together that the club feels like it's part of you. I've seen a real improvement in my game since I started using it. Very impressed with the results.
Thoroughly enjoyed the experience of getting a custom fit at Golfsupport. I always knew what was wrong with my swing but struggled to get better. My custom fitted clubs have helped me improve far more than the expensive lessons I paid for. Shaun – you're a star!
Contact us on 0844 324 6766 and book a Cleveland custom fitting today.


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The appointed organisations and/or a team leader from each participating country can register a team in the Asian Physics Olympiad 2019.
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text:
List of Orthodox Archbishops of Shemokmedi of the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church, centered on the Shemokmedi Monastery in Guria:
 Ioseb (present)

Georgian Orthodox Church
Shemokmedi


The most unique shopping mall in Jamaica (and perhaps the world) is the Village of St George in Port Antonio. The mall was built as a tribute to European architecture and features interior and exterior sections of Georgian, Gothic, Tudor and Art Deco architectural styles. Walking through the centre is like taking a fairytale walk through centuries of European history whilst being within earshot of the Caribbean Sea lapping against the shore.
The Village of St. George was built between 1995 and 1997 and was commissioned by Mrs Fahmi, the owner of the Jamaica Place Hotel. In its heyday the Village of St George was home to several upscale boutiques, a cafe and a nightclub. Nowadays the complex features high-street style shops such as bookshops, stationers and clothes stores.


Baseball, Basketball, Football, Wrestling... You might be asking... What do all of these things have in common? STRANGENESS. Thats right, STRANGENESS, and in this episode we're talking SPORTS STRANGENESS with very special guests The Sports Lordz! (Kevin Cobbs, Diego Martinez, Jimmy O'Connell). From Haunted Hotels to Alien Abductions, The Unbelievers & The Sports Lordz cover some of the most UNBELIEVABLE paranormal sports stories out there, SO TUNE IN NOW & CONTINUE to LEARN to ... See More UNLEARN, EVERYTHING YOU KNOW!
will be dying of suspense til I find out!
Yeah I know! It's a movie that's Unbelievers related?!
I know right? This is like the 4th or 5th.
There's the "A-A Ron" reference for ya!
I'm going to update my online dating profiles as "horny for ghosts"


text:
Cruciada a șaptea a fost o cruciadă condusă de regele Franței Ludovic al IX-lea și care s-a desfășurat în perioada 1248 – 1254.

În 1244 musulmanii au recucerit Ierusalimul, după încetarea armistițiului de 8 ani convenit la încheierea celei   de-a cincea cruciade. Căderea Ierusalimului, care nu a mai fost considerat un eveniment dezastruos pentru creștinii europeni, așa cum fusese văzut prima oară, nu a mai cauzat o chemare imediată la cruciadă. Papa Inocențiu al IV-lea și împăratul Frederick al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman erau implicați în lupta imperialo-papală. Frederick luase prizonieri din rândul clericilor care se deplasau la Conciliul de la Lyon, în 1245 fiind în mod formal deposedat de puterile sale imperiale de către Papă. Papa Gregorie al IX-lea oferise cu ceva vreme mai înainte fratelui regelui Ludovic al Franței, Robert de Artois, coroana germană, dar principele o refuzase. Din acest motiv, Sfântul Imperiu nu era pasibil de organizarea unei cruciade. Henry al III-lea al Angliei se luptă încă cu Simon de Montfort și mai avea de rezolvat și alte probleme în țară. În plus, regii Angliei și Franței nu erau în relații bune, fiind implicați în conflictul dintre casele Capetian și Plantagenet. Regele Angliei a semnat un armistițiu prin care se angaja ca atâta vreme cât Ludovic ar fi fost plecat în cruciadă să nu atace teritoriul francez. Ludovic al IX-lea l-a invitat pe regele Haakon al IV-lea al Norvegiei să ia parte la cruciadă, dar acesta din urmă a refuzat. Astfel, în 1245, singurul monarh care s-a arătat interesat de organizarea unei cruciade a fost doar regele, Ludovic al IX-lea al Franței.

În acele vremuri, Franța era unul dintre cele mai puternice state ale lumii, după ce regiunea Provence fusese cucerită de francezi după încheierea cruciadei cathare, iar Toulouse era stăpânit de fratele lui Ludovic al IX-lea al Franței, Alphonse, care avea să i se alăture în expediție în 1245. Alt frate regal, Charles I de Anjou, s-a alăturat de asemenea regelui Franței în cruciadă. În următorii trei ani, Ludovic a colectat o zeciuială eclesiastică (în principal din dările bisericești) și, în 1248, el și aproximativ 20.000 de militari au plecat din porturile din Aigues-Mortes și Marseille, cu corăbii care fuseseră construite special pentru expediție. Preparativele finaciare ale expediției s-au dovedit mai bune decât în cazul altor cruciade, fiind adunați aproximativ 1.500.000 livre. Cu toate acestea, mulți nobili care au participat la cruciadă au fost nevoiți să se împrumute cu bani, cruciada devenind pe ansamblu una extrem de costisitoare.

Cruciații francezi au călătorit mai întâi în Cipru și au petrecut iarna pe insulă, negociind cu diferite puteri din răsărit. Imperiul Latin a cerut ajutorul cruciaților împotriva bizantinilor Imperiului de la Niceea, iar Principatul Antiohiei și Cavalerii templieri doreau să fie sprijiniți în luptele din Siria, unde musulmanii cuceriseră de puțină vreme Sidonul. Totuși, Ludovic avea ca obiectiv debarcarea în Egipt. Cruciații au ajuns aici în 1249, au debarcat și au atacat Damietta pe Nil. Ludovic considera Egiptul ca o bază potrivită de plecare pentru atacarea Ierusalimului, iar bogăția agricolă a țării ar fi trebuit să asigure resursele necesare unei campanii victorioase.

Pe 6 iunie, Damietta a fost cucerită fără eforturi prea mari, egiptenii retrăgându-se peste Nil. Revărsările anuale ale fluviului nu fuseseră luate în calcul de regele francez atunci când organizase cruciada, iar ca urmare armata a rămas blocată șase luni la Damietta. Ludovic nu a luat în seamă înțelegerea făcută în timpul celei de-a cincea cruciade, prin care Damietta ar fi trebuit să fie predată Regatului Ierusalimului cu capitala la Acra, acum doar o palidă umbră a ceea ce fusese odinioară. Ludovic a înființat în schimb o arhiepiscopie aici, (sub autoritatea Patriarhiei Latine a Ierusalimului) și a folosit orașul ca bază de plecare a operațiunilor militare împotriva musulmanilor din Siria.

În noiembrie, Ludovic a plecat în expediție spre Cairo și aproape în același timp, sultanul Egiptului as-Salih Ayyub a murit. O forță condusă de Robert de Artois în alianță cu cavalerii templieri au atacat tabăra egipteană de la al-Mansourah, dar egiptenii au ieșit învingători și Robert a fost ucis. Între timp, forțele principale ale lui Ludovic au fost atacate de mamelucul Baibars, comandantul armatei. Și Ludovic a fost înfrânt, dar el a hotărât să nu se retragă, preferând să asedieze Mansourahul, acțiune care în loc să-i asigure victoria, i-a măcinat armata, mai degrabă prin foamete și boli decât datorită luptelor cu musulmanii. În martie 1250, Ludovic s-a retras spre Damietta, dar a fost luat prizonier pe drum, s-a îmbolnăvit de dizenterie și a fost vindecat de un medic arab. În mai a fost răscumpărat pentru suma de 400.000 livre și a plecat imediat din Egipt spre Acra, una dintre puținele posesiuni cruciate care mai rezistau în Siria. Între timp, soldații mameluci din Egipt s-au răsculat. Turanshah, succesorul lui as-Salih a cucerit orașul Cairo, punând bazele dinastiei Mameluce, care avea până în cele din urmă să cucerească și ultimele posesiuni cruciate din zonă.

Ludovic a făcut o alianță cu mamelucii și din noua sa bază din Acra a început să refacă celelalte orașe cruciate. Deși Regatul Ciprului pretindea că este puterea suzerană în zonă, Ludovic era conducătorul de facto. Ludovic a negociat și cu mongolii, care își făcuseră simțită prezența în răsărit, încurajat de legendele Regatului Nestorian. (Vedeți și: Preotul Ioan). În același timp, și musulmanii negociau cu mongolii, nimeni nesesizând faptul că noii sosiți în zonă aveau propriile lor planuri. Solia franceză trimisă la hanul Möngke Han a fost un eșec. Hanul a respins invitația lui Ludovic pentru convertire la creștinism, în schimb sugerându-i suveranului francez să i se supună.

În 1254, Ludovic a terminat banii și în plus i se simțea lipsa în Franța, unde mama lui și regenta Blanche de Castilia murise. Deși cruciada sa nu a avut niciun rezultat notabil, în Europa a fost considerat un sfânt de mulți creștini, iar faima sa a crescut și mai mult. În 1270 el a încercat să se alăture unei noi cruciade, expediție care a fost la rândul ei un eșec.

Istoria cruciadei a șaptea a fost scrisă de unul dintre participanți, Jean de Joinville.

Legături externe
 Memoriile lui Jean de Joinville

Cruciade


9. Purple lines appear when composing an image or shooting a movie with your digital camera.
21. What is the difference between 100, 200, 400, & 800 ISO/Film speeds?
24. Why do my images appear blurry?
Please review the Unsolicited Ideas Policy.


text:
Q: Restore a mongodb volume from backup file with docker, is it possible? from docker documentation
there is a way to save a backup of a volume and this is working fine with mongo, so when i run the command to backup the mongodb volume "/data/db" i got a backup.tar (35 file+dir) file on my host machine.
but when i want to restore that volume from the backup.tar file i got some error
so this is the command:
sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from server_mongo_1 -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu bash -c "cd /data && tar xvf /backup/backup.tar --strip 1"

the error is that this command is working and unziping the files from the backup.tar file to the /data/db (25file+dir) of the mongo container, but this not deleting the old data in /data/db  so this lead to fail the mongo container and stop running and never run again ( we finish with 45 files+dir) ...
i've tried to remove the /data/db directory before unziping with cd /data && rm -r db but got an error rm: cannot remove 'db': Device or resource busy
can you help me please ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: separate an array into two halves I like to split an array into first half and its second half. I tried following code, but it does not work:
A = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
B = A[:len(A)/2]
C = A[len(A)/2:]

The error message says:
TypeError: slice indices must be integers or None or have an __index__ method

Supposedly, I should get
B = [0,1,2]

C = [3,4,5]

I am wondering how I should do it? Thanks

A: You are doing float-math - use integer division:
A = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
B = A[:len(A)//2]
C = A[len(A)//2:]

print(A,B,C)

Output:
([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])

Have a look at the operators here:  numeric-types-int-float-complex

A: try this
A = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
half = len(A)//2
B = A[:half]
C = A[half:]

A: The error message states that you should be using integers. Your division by 2 currently results in a float. You can cast it into an integer using int():
A = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
B = A[:int(len(A)/2)]
C = A[int(len(A)/2):]

print(B)
print(C)

Out:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]


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text:
Q: Combinatorics Urn Problem I have 208 unique marbles:

*

*From this 208, I select 15 marbles without replacement and place them into an urn.

*I do this again with a new urn, 3 more times, but using the original
208 marble set, so I apply replacement after each selection of 15.

*I now have 4 urns of 15 marbles each, with no duplicate marbles within
a particular urn, but possibly duplicates across urns.

What is the probability that there are exactly 14 marbles that appear in more
than 1 urn $?$.

A: import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
count = np.zeros(208)
rng = np.arange(208)
exactly14 = 0
morethan14 = 0
history = []
for i in range(4):
    choice = np.random.choice(rng, 15)
    history.append(choice)
    count[choice] += 1
for i in tqdm(range(100000)):
    choice = np.random.choice(rng, 15)
    count[choice] += 1
    history.append(choice)
    count[history[0]] -= 1
    history.pop(0)
    ccount = count[count > 1].sum()
    if ccount == 14:
        exactly14 += 1
    if ccount > 14:
        morethan14 += 1

print(exactly14/100000)

0.11
IMHO this problem suffers from combinatorial explosion thus it's easier to go with monte-carlo

A: Following the advice from Quester I simulated the problem with Monte Carlo
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
count = np.zeros(208)
rng = np.arange(208).astype(int)
urns=np.zeros([4,15]).astype(int)
exactly14 = 0
morethan14 = 0
lessthan14 = 0
history = []

for i in tqdm(range(1000000)):
    for j in range(4):
        urns[j, :] = np.random.choice(rng, 15, replace=False)

    n_unique=len(np.unique(np.ravel(urns)))
    n_multi=len(np.ravel(urns))-n_unique
    history.append(n_multi)
    if n_multi == 14:
        exactly14 += 1
    if n_multi > 14:
        morethan14 += 1
    else:
        lessthan14+=1

print(exactly14/1000000)

0.000489


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text:
Q: PrearedStatement executeUpdate() is not working I'm new to JDBC and using the following code to update the row using MySQL JDBC driver. I have no idea why executeUpdate() is not updating the content in the database.
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

public class UpdateDb {
    UpdateDb() throws Exception,SQLException{
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/employeedb","root","");

        String q="update table inserttbl set Name=?, City=? where id=?";

        System.out.print("Enter new name to update: ");
        String n = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter new city name to update: ");
        String c = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter previous id: ");
        int id = sc.nextInt();

        PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(q);

        ps.setString(1, n);
        ps.setString(2, c);
        ps.setInt(3, id);

        ps.executeUpdate();

        System.out.print("updated");

        conn.close();

    }
    public static void main(String[] arg) {
        try {
            UpdateDb up = new UpdateDb();
        }
        catch(Exception e) {
            e.getStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Can anyone help me?

A: Your query string is wrong. It should be something like this:
String updateQuery = "UPDATE inserttbl SET Name=?, City=? WHERE id=?";

Look here for the proper syntax of update: https://www.mysqltutorial.org/mysql-jdbc-update
Also if you want to update then use an update table command. The command that you used for insert is wrong.
Also for error print out the exception that you logged.


text:
Miracles and the Kingdom of God
by Myrick C. Shinall Jr.
In the last decade or so, scholarship on the miracles of Jesus has shifted from reconstructions of the historical Jesus to the questions why and to what end early Jesus-followers told stories about miracles. Myrick Shinall contends that Mark and Q contain two distinct ways of remembering Jesus's miracles in relation to his proclamation of the kingdom of God. He compares three cases of Mark-Q overlaps which feature miracles: the Beelzebul controversy, the commissioning… (more)
In the last decade or so, scholarship on the miracles of Jesus has shifted from reconstructions of the historical Jesus to the questions why and to what end early Jesus-followers told stories about miracles. Myrick Shinall contends that Mark and Q contain two distinct ways of remembering Jesus's miracles in relation to his proclamation of the kingdom of God. He compares three cases of Mark-Q overlaps which feature miracles: the Beelzebul controversy, the commissioning of the disciples, and the testing or "temptation" narratives, and finds that in Mark, the miracles and the kingdom of God both point to Jesus' identity as a divine figure, whereas in Q, Jesus and the miracles point instead to the coming kingdom of God. Shinall further argues that these different views represent different strategies for creating group identities for Jesus' followers, strategies that came into conflict as the movement's identity coalesced. At length, he shows that the mix of "high" and "low" Christology in the Synoptic tradition requires reframing of the current debate over how early a "high" Christology developed in the nascent Jesus movement.
Publisher: Fortress Academic (March 28, 2018)


text:
Q: Where does pymssql get it's error codes from? I'm curious as to where pymssql gets its error codes from.
If I get an OperationalError: (18456, "Login failed for user '***'.DB-Lib error message 18456, severity 14), I know that the 18456 comes from the sys.messages in MS SQL. However if I get an OperationalError: (20009, 'Net-Lib error during Connection refused'), I have no idea where the 20009 is coming from. In the sys.messages table I only see The article '%s' could not be added to the publication '%s'. for 20009

A: According to the FreeTDS documentation:

If you get message 20009, remember you haven't connected to the machine. It's a configuration or network issue, not a protocol failure. Verify the server is up, has the name and IP address FreeTDS is using, and is listening to the configured port.

http://www.freetds.org/userguide/confirminstall.htm (Example 3-5) Good luck!