or the etherification of butanol with 2-chloroethanol. 2-butoxyethanol can be obtained in the laboratory by performing a ring opening of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane with boron trichloride. It is often produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde in a Parr reactor with palladium on carbon.
In 2006, the European production of butyl glycol ethers amounted to 181 kilotons, of which approximately 50% (90 kt/a) was 2-Butoxyethanol. World production is estimated to be 200 to 500 kt/a, of which 75% is for paints and coatings and 18% for metal cleaners and household cleaners. In the US, it is considered a High Production Volume Chemical because greater than 100 million pounds of this chemical is produced per year.
2-Butoxyethanol is a glycol ether with modest surfactant properties (and it can be used as a mutual solvent). In use since the 1930s, glycol ethers are solvents that dissolve both water-soluble and hydrophobic substances. Glycol ethers consist of two components, an alcohol and ether. According to the nature of alcohol, molecules of this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series which correspond to ethylene and propylene respectively. Glycol ethers are selected for specific purposes, such as solubility, inflammability, and volatility.
2-Butoxyethanol is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks. Products that contain 2-butoxyethanol include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photographic strip solutions, whiteboard cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides, latex paints, enamels, printing paste, and varnish removers, and silicone caulk. Products containing this compound are commonly found at construction sites, automobile repair shops, print shops, and facilities that produce sterilizing and cleaning products. It is the main ingredient of many home, commercial and industrial cleaning solutions. Since the molecule has both non-polar and polar ends, butoxyethanol is useful for removing both polar and non-polar substances, like grease and oils. It is also approved by the U.S. FDA to be used as direct and indirect food additives, which include antimicrobial agents, defoamers, stabilizers, and adhesives.
2-butoxyethanol is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties.
In the petroleum industry, 2-butoxyethanol is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing[clarification needed] When liquid is pumped into the well, the fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so 2-butoxyethanol is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension. As a surfactant, 2-butoxyethanol adsorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture. The compound is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing. It is also used as a crude oil-water coupling solvent for more general oil well workovers. Because of its surfactant properties, it is a major constituent (30–60% w/w) in the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9527, which was widely used in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
2-Butoxyethanol has a low acute toxicity, with LD50 of 2.5 g/kg in rats. Laboratory tests by the U. S. National Toxicology Program have shown that only sustained exposure to high concentrations (100-500 ppm) of 2-butoxyethanol can cause adrenal tumors in animals. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) reports that 2-butoxyethanol is carcinogenic in rodents. These rodent tests may not directly translate to carcinogenicity in humans, as the observed mechanism of cancer involves the rodents' forestomach, which humans lack. OSHA does not regulate 2-butoxyethanol as a carcinogen. 2-butoxyethanol has not been shown to penetrate shale rock in a study conducted by Manz. As a regularly encountered chemical in the home, 2-butoxyethanol may be a human endocrine disruptor.
2-Butoxyethanol can be disposed of by incineration. It was shown that disposal occurs faster in the presence of semiconductor particles. 2-Butoxyethanol usually decomposes in the presence of air within a few days by reacting with oxygen radicals. It has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant, nor is it known to bio-accumulate. 2-Butoxyethanol biodegrades in soils and water, with a half life of 1–4 weeks in aquatic environments.
2-butoxyethanol most commonly enters the human body system through dermal absorption, inhalation, or oral consumption of the chemical. The ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) for worker exposure is 20 ppm, which is well above the odor detection threshold of 0.4 ppm. Blood or urine concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol or the metabolite 2-butoxyacetic acid may be measured using chromatographic techniques. A biological exposure index of 200 mg 2-butoxyacetic acid per g creatinine has been established in an end-of-shift urine specimen for U.S. employees. 2-Butoxyethanol and its metabolites fall to undetectable levels in urine after about 30 hours in human males.
Harmful effects have been observed in nonhuman mammals exposed to high levels of 2-butoxyethanol. Developmental effects were seen in a study that exposed pregnant Fischer 344 rats, a type of laboratory rat, and New Zealand white rabbits to varying doses of 2-butoxyethanol. At 100 ppm (483 mg/m3) and 200 ppm (966 mg/m3) exposure, statistically significant increases were observed in the number of litters with skeletal defects. Additionally, 2-butoxyethanol was associated with a significant decrease in maternal body weight, uterine weight, and number of total implants. 2-Butoxyethanol is metabolized in mammals by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.
Neurological effects have also been observed in animals exposed to 2-butoxyethanol. Fischer 344 rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol at concentrations of 523 ppm and 867 ppm experienced decreased coordination. Male rabbits showed a loss of coordination and equilibrium after exposure to 400 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol for two days.
When exposed to 2-butoxyethanol in drinking water, both F344/N rats and B63F1 mice showed negative effects. The range of exposure for the two species was between 70 mg/kg body weight per day to 1300 mg/kg body weight per day. Decreased body weight and water consumption were seen for both species. Rats had reduced red blood cell counts and thymus weights, as well as lesions in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Environment and Health Canada recommended that 2-butoxyethanol be added to Schedule 1 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA). Under these regulations, products containing 2-butoxyethanol are to be diluted below a certain concentration. Only those in which the user performs the required dilution are required to include it on labelling information.
2-Butoxyethanol is listed in California as a hazardous substance, and US employers are required to inform employees when they are working with it.
It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as "an indirect and direct food additive for use as an antimicrobial agent, defoamer, stabilizer and component of adhesives"., and also "may be used to wash or assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables" and "may be safely used as components of articles intended for use in packaging, transporting & holding food". After it was deleted from a UN list of substances requiring special toxicity labeling in 1994, and a subsequent petition by the American Chemistry Council, 2-Butoxyethanol was removed from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants in 2004. The EPA currently lists it in the context of pesticides as a "potentially toxic inert, with high priority for testing". The safety of products containing 2-Butoxyethanol as normally used is defended by the industry trade groups the American Chemistry Council and the Soap and Detergent Association.
^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0070". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ a b "2-Butoxyethanol". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ a b c Harris O.; et al. (August 1998). Toxicological Profile for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate. U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services.
^ Bonner, Trevor (1981). "Opening of cyclic acetals by trichloro-, dichloro-, and tribromo-borane". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: 1807–1810. doi:10.1039/p19810001807.
^ Tulchinsky, Michael (2014). "Poly ethers and process for making them".
^ a b c Siegfried Rebsdat, Dieter Mayer "Ethylene Glycol" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000.doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_101.
^ a b c d e f "Ethylene Glycol Mono-N-Butyl Ether". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
^ Elskamp, Carl J. "2-Butoxyethanol (Butyl Cellosolve) & 2-Butoxyethyl Acetate (Butyl Cellosolve Acetate)". United States Department of Labor.
^ "Sharpie Frequently Asked Questions". sharpie.com. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ a b c d Dickey, Robert; W. Dickhoff. "Assessment of the potential impact of COREXIT® oil dispersants on seafood safety" (PDF). Dispersants and Seafood Safety. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
^ Rogers, J (2015). "A Framework for Identifying Organic Compounds of Concern in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Based on Their Mobility and Persistence in Groundwater". Environmental Science and Technology Letters. 2 (6): 158–164. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00090.
^ Barati, Reza (2014). "A review of fracturing fluid systems used for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 131 (16): n/a. doi:10.1002/app.40735.
^ "SAFETY DATA SHEET - PRODUCT: COREXIT® EC9527A" (PDF). Nalco Environmental Solutions LLC. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
^ "Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies 2-Butoxyethanol (CAS NO. 111-76-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies)". National Toxicology Program: Department of Health and Human Services. USA.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ Air Foam HD Material Data Safety Sheet. Product Safety. AquaClear, Inc. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ Gift, J. S. (2005). "U.S. EPA's IRIS assessment of 2-Butoxyethanol: the relationship of noncancer to cancer effects". Toxicol. Lett. 156: 163–178. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.08.014. PMID 15705494.
^ "Chemical Sampling Information | 2-Butoxyethanol". Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
^ Manz, K (2016). "Adsorption of hydraulic fracturing fluid components 2-butoxyethanol and furfural onto granular activated carbon and shale rock". Chemosphere. 164: 585–592. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.010.
^ Dodson, Robin (2012). "Endocrine Disruptors and Asthma-Associated Chemicals in Consumer Products". Environ. Health Perspect. 120 (7): 935–943. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104052. PMC 3404651. PMID 22398195.
^ Hullar, T.; Anastasio, C. Yields of hydrogen peroxide from the reaction of hydroxyl radical with organic compounds in solution and ice. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 7209.
^ "ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate". cdc.gov. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ 2009 TLVs and BEIs, American Conference of Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio, 2009, p.101.
^ R. Baselt (2008). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man (8th ed.). Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. pp. 208–210.
^ a b Franks, S. J.; Spendiff, M. K.; Cocker, J.; Loizou, G. D. (2006). "Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of human exposure to 2-butoxyethanol". Toxicol. Lett. 162 (2–3): 164–173. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.012.
^ "Current Use Patterns in Canada, Toxicology Profiles of Alternatives, and the Feasibility of Performing an Exposure Assessment Survey". Environment Canada. 2017-03-12. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
^ "Regulations Amending the 2-Butoxyethanol Regulations". Canada Gazette. Canadian Department of Public Works and Government Services. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
^ "California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 339. The Hazardous Substances List". State of California Department of Labor Relations. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
^ "Glycol Ethers Fact Sheet". California Hazard Evaluation and Information Service. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
^ "List of Hazardous Air Pollutants, Petition Process, Lesser Quantity Designations, Source Category List; Petition To Delist of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004-11-29. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
^ a b "EGBE: A World of Solutions 2000" (PDF). July 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
^ EPA List of Pesticide Product Inert Ingredients (May 1995) Listed Name(s): Butyl cellosolve. Retrieved Nov 17, 2015.


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Georges Haddad
Georges Hadded is the newly appointed President of Paris 1 - Pantheon Sorbonne. Georges Haddad, a graduate of the École Normale Supérieure, holds an M.A. in Mathematical Sciences from the University of Paris VII and a D.E.A. (postgraduate diploma) in mathematics from the University of Paris VI. He also holds the Agrégation in mathematics and a doctorate (Doctorat d'Etat) in mathematical sciences.
Professor Haddad started his career as an Assistant Lecturer at the University of Tours (1975-1976), later on moving to the University of Paris-Dauphine (1976-1983). From 1983 to 1984, he took up the position of Lecturer at the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. Appointed Professor in 1984 at the University of Nice, he has since been Professor at the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. He was President of the latter University from 1989 to 1994, and also First Vice-President (Chairman) of the French Conference of University Presidents from 1992 to 1994. Professor Haddad was formerly Honorary President of the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. He participated in the World Conference on Higher Education as Chairperson of its Steering Committee, from 1994 to 1999, and was also a member of the Task Force on Higher Education in Developing Countries (World Bank-UNESCO) from 1998 to 2000.
He founded the "Marin Mersenne" research laboratory for mathematics, informatics and interdisciplinary applications and is a member of several scientific and educational councils.
Professor Haddad's personal commitment to education and sciences through mathematics, their development and multidisciplinary applications has been rewarded by honorary distinctions such as Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur for Scientific Research and Commander of Palmes Académiques for Education, among others.
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Lunar Observer
April 1st is International Waluigi Day, for some reason
The absurd character has a cultish fanbase and a holiday all to himself.
Nicobbq / YouTube - Waluigi
Jacob Khepler Mar—27—2017 05:04PM EST
Lunar Observer records upcoming dates of interest: holidays, birthdays, best day to cut hair.
I don't know why this is, other than popular sentiment, which is as good a reason as any: April 1 is Waluigi Day. Be prepared.
Waluigi is a character from the Mario video game franchise — he's the evil version of Mario's brother, Luigi, and he operates in tandem with the evil version of Mario, who is of course Wario. To understand Waluigi, we must look at these four characters in relation.
Mario is the hero and main character, as blank a character as possible while still being plucky, a seeming underdog but clearly very strong and confident. His color is red, the color of bravery.
Luigi is Mario's brother, and by virtue of the group name "Mario Brothers," we can infer that his full name is "Luigi Mario." He is the perennial player 2 — if you're playing with a buddy, and you're at your buddy's house, your buddy is Mario, and you are Luigi. He is a little taller and a little skinnier than Mario. His color is green, the color of abundance.
Wario is the enemy of both brothers, and looks like a stouter Mario. He is strong but a little clumsy, bordering on bumbling. If Mario can be thought of as lucky, Wario is luckless. His name derives from the Japanese word "warui," meaning bad, poor, hateful, or abominable. To an English audience, his name has a clear association with war, which is the blistering shame of all humanity. His color is yellow, the color of gold, sickness, and jealousy.
I've just been informed "Waluigi Day" is on April 1st.
I am ready. pic.twitter.com/FT6ZUWDsPr
— Ray :D (@RayNarvaezJr) April 1, 2015
Waluigi is friends with Wario but they are not brothers. According to Charles Martinet, who provides the voice of Wario and Waluigi, they are "just two nice evil guys that found each other." He is much taller and much skinnier than Luigi, and whereas the other characters have bushy friendly mustaches, Waluigi's mustache is thin and pointy like a weapon. Like Wario, Waluigi's name derives from "warui," "bad," utilizing the lack of distinction between L and R sounds in Japanese. But it's also a syllabic reverse of the word "ijiwaru" which means "ill-tempered" or "sadistic." Unfortunately, to an english audience his name seems like an almost unbelievably lazy riff — the "Wa" from Wario, plus Luigi. Whereas Wario's central nature is jealousy, Waluigi's center is self-pity. In this sense his color, purple, the color of royalty, makes sense — he views himself as a deposed prince, deserving all and getting little.
As Luigi is the brother and supporter, Waluigi is the twisted enabler, the self-pitying perverter. He is agile — villainously good at tennis and dancing. He is a boastful cheater whose cheats frequently resolve to a disadvantage. While he's a villain in some games, he's a playable character in others.
This Waluigi Day (again, April 1, if video game message boards and tweets from the singer of My Chemical Romance are to be trusted), we recommend tennis, dancing, being a scheming friend to a bellicose bumbler, and drinking enough coffee to get psychotically agitated. While we can't recommend self-pity, even in jest, we do recommend eating disgusting miserable snack food, which has a strong association with self-pity. You don't have to wear overalls (the standard uniform for humanoids in the mushroom kingdom) but do try to comport yourself with the malignant vanity of a dictator, insisting that something ugly or inelegant is in fact very refined.
In the same way that we welcome sobriety with great relief on January 1st, or a light salad the day after Thanksgiving, we welcome back good spirits and a convivial supportive nature on April 2nd, when we resume our Luigi reality. But that is a world away from here. For now, and from the depths of my deranged core, I would like to wish all you jumping punks a twisted and nefarious Waluigi day! Waaaa!!!!!
Jacob Khepler is the main writer and publisher of Mothers News. He lives in Providence, Rhode Island.


The Source Engine is an engine used by Valve in their games. Questions with this tag relate to creating mods using the Source Engine.
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To all the stressed out and struggling moms out there, who sometimes feel like they just need a break, here's an open letter I wrote from another (much smaller) point of view.
As I lay asleep on your chest ever so dearly, I want you to know how much I love you and how I don't mean to stress you out. You see, I'm just a little baby and I'm still trying to figure out this big new place. I've only been on the outside for just a few months now, and I'm still discovering new and scary things each day.
You see Mommy, when I decided to sleep all day today, it was because I didn't really know any better. When I was in your belly, you rocked me to sleep each day as you walked around your office at work and ran errands in the evenings. I didn't realize my daytime naps would keep us up all night. I'm sorry and I love you.
You see Mommy, when I screamed and cried for those 3 straight hours, I didn't know what was happening to me. My tummy had a big aching pain and I simply didn't know if it was ever going to stop. Thankfully, it did. I saw the exhaustion in your face mommy, but I too was upset. I'm sorry and I love you.
You see Mommy, when you and Daddy tried to take me to dinner in hopes that I would sleep through it, I didn't know I would miss you and want you to hold me the entire time. I guess y'all just looked like y'all were having too much fun and I felt like I needed to join in. I'm sorry and I love you.
You see Mommy, when you try to let others hold me, but I scream and wiggle because I only want you, I don't mean to need you so much. I guess I just got so used to you carrying me for those 9 months and I simply don't want anyone else. I really don't mean to make your back ache and your arms sore all day. I'm sorry and I love you.
You see mommy, I do all of these things because, just like you, I'm still learning. Learning to grow and learning new things. I also love you more than I even understand, and being away from you is the most frightening thing of them all.
You see mommy, one day I will grow up. One day I won't be small enough to sleep on your chest, nor will I need to. I won't need you to feed me. I won't need you to rock me to sleep either. I won't even need you to dress me. And although that seems like a lifetime away, it will fly by before we know it. So if you don't mind mommy, while I'm still young, I'll continue to want you, continue to cry for you and continue to snuggle with you — as much as I can, for as long as I can. Thank you mommy. I love you.


Work perfectly even on damp hair, giving it a deeper straightening power for a softer, longer-lasting look. Engineered with titanium coated floating plate for a smoother glide and healthier hair. Work perfectly even on damp hair, giving it a deeper straightening power for a softer, longer-lasting look.


text:
Q: CSS: padding-bottom and max-height on a div do not work well together I'm trying to create a div that has extra space below its contents.
I don't know the height of the div a priori, but I set max-height, so it shouldn't go beyond that. However, when I add space (using paddding-bottom) the div expands in height beyond max-height.
jsFiddle
Question: How can I add the space on the bottom without increasing height?
I found this answer but it requires nesting divs, and I can't do that because I'm using bootstrap and that would require rewriting compiled CSS (things like .dropdown>ul>li).

A: You can also use a pseudo and a negative margin if you want things treated from ul and not its :last-child: https://jsfiddle.net/g4c704yx/9/

ul.dropdown-menu{
  border:1px #ccc solid;
  width:200px;
  max-height:100px;
  overflow-y:auto;
  }
 ul.dropdown-menu:before {/* using :before has its purpose, it will disseaper once the content will reach 200em height meaning content has an equal top negative margin, :after will always add 200em or will be swallowed if a negative margin is applied at content's bottom */
   content:'';
   display:block;
  padding-top:200em;/* average 200 lines ? */
}
ul.dropdown-menu li:first-child {  /* this margin-top has its purpose */
margin-top:-200em; /* climb back up those 200 empty lines made of padding                        and i'm gonne pull up all my folowing siblings, i'm a leader, i'm a ladder !*/
}

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

  <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenu1" data-toggle="dropdown">
    Dropdown

  </button>

Action

Another action

Something else here

Separated link

200em is 200lines of 1em line-height and no padding ..

A: What you're looking for is to set a margin-bottom on the final element in the list:
.dropdown-menu li:last-of-type {
  margin-bottom: 500px;
}

I've created a fiddle showcasing this here.
Hope this helps!

A: This code works for me:  https://jsfiddle.net/g4c704yx/8/
Try to add padding to the last li element.
li:last-child {
  padding-bottom:300px;
}

and remove from ul your paddings

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Home Feature Stories Attorney Feature
Ed Comitz: Meeting the Unique Demands of a Thriving Professional Disability Insurance Practice
By Katherine Bishop
When Ed Comitz and Mike Beethe left a large Phoenix firm to establish a specialized boutique practice, their goal was to emulate the efficiency and success of a big firm while leveraging the collaboration and flexibility of a small firm environment. "We wanted a practice that encouraged sharing ideas in a collegial environment based on trust," says Comitz. "We knew up front that we wanted to focus on strategy and outcome, not billable hours." With its unique approach and atmosphere, Comitz | Beethe provides widely acclaimed knowledge and skills to clients across the country, especially in its disability insurance practice, led by Comitz.
A Unique Niche
Comitz's practice focuses on representing physicians, dentists, attorneys and other professionals with private disability insurance claims. This includes obtaining his clients' initial payment, ensuring ongoing coverage, overturning claim denials, and litigating bad faith. Why did Comitz decide to focus on such a particular area? "When I initially heard what was going on in the disability insurance industry in the '90s, I knew there was a need that wasn't being fulfilled," Comitz says. "I immersed myself in studying industry practices in the private block of disability. The more I learned, the more troubled I was by the lengths to which some of these companies were going to deny legitimate claims, especially for health care professionals."
Comitz explains that throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, disability insurers aggressively marketed and sold "own-occupation" policies to doctors and lawyers. "Then market interest rates plummeted, and these policies turned into a bad block of business, set to cost the industry hundreds of millions of dollars." In order to combat these losses, Comitz says, companies developed internal methods for denying as many professionals' claims as possible.
"Companies were doing things like giving out awards to analysts who terminated the most claims and circulating lists of doctors that could be guaranteed to find a claimant not disabled," he explains. These practices started coming to light in bad faith lawsuits against UnumProvident, once the largest individual disability insurer in the country. "Ultimately, UnumProvident was subject to a regulatory settlement agreement that ordered it to stop some of these practices," says Comitz. "But that didn't change the culture of the industry. In today's economy, insurers are still fighting to maximize profits. I've found that these practices haven't gone away – they've just become more difficult to detect."
Though Comitz quickly developed a reputation for his industry knowledge, it was a personal experience that cemented his interest in the practice niche. "I suffered a severe neck injury while attempting to surf years ago," Comitz recounts. "I tried almost every type of treatment available, but I was still in an overwhelming amount of pain." Comitz eventually required an emergency multilevel discectomy and fusion in his neck. While he's improved since then, he still has pain and limitations to this day.
According to Comitz, this experience gave him a unique perspective on the struggles of professionals coming to terms with a potentially career-ending disability. "A lot of my clients have conditions similar to mine. They're in intractable pain, they're scared, they're overwhelmed. I know if I'd been a physician or a dentist like them, I wouldn't have been able to practice. The physical stamina and precision those professions require, along with patient safety concerns, simply wouldn't have allowed it."
"Ed is so committed to his clients partly because he's sympathetic to limitations that others don't fully understand," Beethe says. "From a practical perspective, Ed has firsthand knowledge of how injuries and chronic conditions progress and how your work can be affected. Other than the fact that he just knows so much about the industry, I think his personal experience with injury is a big reason why so many of our clients are drawn to him."
Managing a Professional Disability Insurance Practice
As the disability insurance practice grew, Comitz | Beethe brought in associates to learn directly from Comitz and help manage the cases. "I really enjoy teaching and working with our other attorneys," Comitz says. "We staff every disability case with three attorneys, and we all work together to develop creative solutions to attain optimal results." Comitz is known for his commitment to mentoring new lawyers and for giving them handson opportunities.
"I knew I wanted to work with Ed after working with him as a summer associate," says attorney Karla Thompson. "While a lot of my classmates sat in cubicles writing memos all summer, Ed invited us to participate in strategy meetings and offer our own insight. Being able to work so closely with such a sharp, experienced attorney has been absolutely invaluable."
Comitz and his team pride themselves on managing every aspect of their clients' claims, from the moment a client thinks he or she may need to file for benefits. "Ed has essentially built a practice where a client can hand over their claim and never have to worry about it again. He's one of the few attorneys I know who's so on top of every single aspect, every possible risk," says firm member Patrick Stanley.
"Industry knowledge, organization and attention to detail are key," Comitz says. "You only have one shot at the claim, and it's hard enough to secure approval of benefits without making errors. On more than one occasion, we've had to explain to potential clients that there's nothing we can do for them because they've unknowingly defeated their claim before coming to us for help."
Comitz explains that every case requires "meticulous document review from all sources. We have to know everything about our clients, backwards and forwards, including their policies, all of their medical records, employment contracts, CDT or ICD-9 codes, tax returns, interview their employees and spouses, and more. We also have to know about each particular company, including the critical and complex components of its claim management, its actuarial expectations, its underwriting standards, risk management approach, and, of course, client expectations about particular products."
Once the insurer approves a claim, the work is far from done. "Many insureds mistakenly believe that claim approval is the end of the process," notes Comitz. "In reality, it's only the beginning as companies change their orientation to claim duration, and for them, that means a quick recovery and return to work. And the best way for companies to get there is through what they call early intervention, the development of information early in the claim that will be helpful to achieving the desired outcome."
"Every claim requires constant attention in order to avoid termination. For example, we have to provide regular documentation, detailing the client's ongoing symptoms, treatment, employment status, outside activities, and the like. We also have to constantly monitor our clients' social media presence to make sure an insurer doesn't take something out of context and try to use it to terminate benefits. We have to consider and respond to insurers' requests for medical and vocational evaluations, neuropsychological testing, functional capacity testing, in-person interviews, as well as respond to overly aggressive surveillance."
By far, though, the biggest challenge associated with disability claims is the 460-page Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). "Claims administered under ERISA can be a nightmare for insureds. There are no bad faith damages; you have to undergo a series of claim appeals before initiating a lawsuit; court review is limited to the administrative record and often extremely deferential to the insurer," says Comitz. "Worse, courts use various standards and definitions in interpreting the regulations, so there's this pool of law that can have completely opposite holdings on similar facts. I've heard attorneys describe ERISA as a Frankenstein law because it's made up of so many mismatched rules."
Comitz says it's vital to determine at the outset whether a claim is subject to ERISA. "What people don't know is that even private disability insurance policies may be governed by ERISA depending on factors unknown to our clients, and once a claim is governed by ERISA, it is always governed by ERISA. Far too many times, I've consulted on legal malpractice matters where the attorney didn't correctly interpret the statute and its regulations. That kind of mistake can completely ruin your chances on a disability claim."
Advocate for Professionals
Despite the many challenges of the practice, Comitz is passionate about what he does. "It can be very fulfilling to help clients navigate the minefield and obtain the benefits they need to make it through the life-changing events that accompany a disability," he says. "The insurance companies fight tooth and nail to avoid paying, often over several years. Even clients who are being paid benefits have to submit to evaluation every month. That means we're meeting with all of our clients on a regular basis, frequently for years."
Comitz says he and his team end up developing meaningful relationships with clients in the process. "It's one of the most rewarding aspects of my practice. Over time, they become like family."
Katherine Bishop
Katherine Bishop is a staff writer for Attorney at Law Magazine. She has been a writer with the publication for more than four years. She also writes for Real Estate Agent Magazine.


text:
Todd Robinson '82 and David Duchovny on Filmmaking
Todd Robinson '82 and David Duchovny on Filmmaking Navigation
Adelphi's Theatre Department hosted a Q&A with two Hollywood veterans
by Bonnie Eissner and Jeffrey Weisbord
As a writer, director and producer, Todd Robinson '82 has worked with John Travolta, Emilio Estevez, Salma Hayek and Jeff Bridges, among others. Phantom, Mr. Robinson's latest release, which he wrote and directed, is a Cold War thriller about an ill-fated Soviet submarine mission and the clash between the hardened captain (played by Ed Harris) and the conspiring KGB operative (played by David Duchovny) assigned to his ship.
Five days after the film's March 1 release, Mr. Robinson and Mr. Duchovny were on campus for a special screening and a Q&A session moderated by Theatre Department Chair and Professor Nicholas Petron, M.A. '70. Mr. Robinson also hosted a master class for theatre students and attended a reception with students and alumni. "To come back to Adelphi, where I got my initial training, is just really quite wonderful," he told Long Island Online News.
What was on the minds of these two Hollywood veterans last March? Here, we share some of their thoughts.
Todd Robinson on why he wrote a Cold War submarine epic:
"We grew up with the Cold War as a very real thing. We had fallout shelters in our schools…My dad actually built bomb shel- ters. He was an architect…That kind of made it very real for me…But growing up, I was always wondering who'd be pushing the buttons, or exact that attack. As I got older, it dawned on me that it'd be regular people. And so the story has to do with how we objectify our enemy in order to do them harm."
David Duchovny on filmmaking and the unexpected:
"I've never really learned anything from success. I've only really learned from failure. The actual shooting of this was a great experience…We shot this in only 20 days. I just have a pleasant feeling about the whole experience. And as I work more and more, there is the finished product, which I'm proud of, but there is also just the experience of making the film as a human. And that human experience becomes more important."
Todd Robinson on the role of a director:
"The director's job is that of a conductor, and you have a 30,000-foot view."
David Duchovny on his biggest epiphany as an actor:
"I'm waiting for that. I don't know if it ever really happens. This is the key, again… relaxation. Stop questioning yourself and stop thinking in those terms…'When's the epiphany going to happen?'"
David Duchovny takes questions
following an on-campus
screening of Phantom.
Todd Robinson '82 (right) gives
Nicholas Moneta '13 advice
during a master class.
Todd Robinson'82 (with black cap) and Theatre Department Chair and
Professor Nicholas Petron, M.A. '70, center with Adelphi theatre students.
Back row, from left Lisa Gaylord '13, Julie Brannon '15, Kate Mcleod '15,
James Weippert '14, Felicia Ferrigno '14 and Caitlin Belforti '13.
Front, from left Ernaisja Curry '14, Christopher Trindade '14,
Leore Riven '14and Lauren Meloro '15 seated.
This piece appeared in the Adelphi University Magazine Spring 2013 edition.


text:
Q: Getting value from dynamic select box I am auto submitting a form via ajax after a select box has been changed...
Here is the select box:
<select id="parent:<?php echo $subject[0]['id']; ?>" contenteditable="true" style="padding:7px;">
<?php
    foreach ($subject_list as $item) {
?>
<option value="<?php echo stripslashes($item['id']); ?>"><?php echo stripslashes($item['name']); ?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>

Here is the code which submits and echo's back some JSON...
$(function(){
 $('.select_change').change(function(){
        $( ".form-errors" ).hide(); //Hide errors
        var field_id = $(this).attr("id") ;
        var value =  $(this).value() ;
        $.post('data/SUBJECTS_edit.php' , field_id + "=" + value, function(data){
            if(data.validation != 1)
            {
                $( "#" + data.fieldName + "\\:" + data.subjectID ).show().effect('highlight', {color: '#c0ffb9'}, 1500); // Show green fade
                $( "#" + data.fieldName + "_msg\\:" + data.subjectID ).hide(); //Hide errors
                $('#' + data.subjectID + '-' + data.fieldName).html(data.value); // Change data in list
            }else{
                $( "#" + data.fieldName + "\\:" + data.subjectID ).show().effect('highlight', {color: '#e29292'}, 1500); //Show red fade
                $( "#" + data.fieldName + "_msg\\:" + data.subjectID ).show(); // Show error DIV
                $( "#" + data.fieldName + "_msg\\:" + data.subjectID ).text(data.response); // Input text into error DIV
            }
        });
    });
});

Every thing works fine, except value is coming back as the following...
fieldName: "parent"
original: "0"
response: "Details Updated"
status: 200
subjectID: "1"
validation: null
value: "Art\n   English\n   Zoology\n   Mathematics\n   Design"

It's selecting the text, rather than the value, and its select all items in the list instead of the one selected.
I'm sure there is a bit of javascript I'm missing here but I haven't yet figured it out

A: Ignore me. Newbie mistake. I didn't have the select_change class applied to the select box! Working now

A: You can use
var value = $(this).val()

or alternative is
$('.select_change option:selected').val();


text:
namespace _20.InfiniteConvergentSeries
{
    using System;
    using System.Numerics;

    class MainClass
    {
        public delegate double CalcConvergentSeries(double precision);

        static void Main()
        {
            var dlg1 = new CalcConvergentSeries(CalcConvergentSum);
            var dlg2 = new CalcConvergentSeries(CalcConvergentSeriesAlternatingSign);
            var dlg3 = new CalcConvergentSeries(CalcConvergentSumFactorial);

            Console.WriteLine("1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... with precision {0} = {1}",
                 0.01, CalcInfiniteConvergentSeries(0.01, dlg1));

            Console.WriteLine("1 + 1/2 - 1/4 + 1/8 - ... with precision {0} = {1}",
                 0.01, CalcInfiniteConvergentSeries(0.01, dlg2));

            Console.WriteLine("1 + 1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! - ... with precision {0} = {1}",
                0.01, CalcInfiniteConvergentSeries(0.01, dlg3));
        }

        public static double CalcInfiniteConvergentSeries(double precision, CalcConvergentSeries dlg)
        {
            return dlg(precision);
        }

        public static BigInteger CalcFactorial(int number)
        {
            BigInteger result = 1;

            if (number < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Can not calculate factorial of a negative number");
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++)
                {
                    result *= i;
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static BigInteger TwoToPower(int number)
        {
            BigInteger result = 1;

            for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
            {
                result *= 2;
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double CalcConvergentSum(double precision)
        {
            double result = 1;
            if (precision <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Precision must be > 0");
            }

            double previousResult = 0;
            int counter = 1;

            while (result - previousResult > precision)
            {
                previousResult = result;
                result += 1 / (double)TwoToPower(counter);
                counter++;
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double CalcConvergentSeriesAlternatingSign(double precision)
        {
            double result = 1;
            if (precision <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Precision must be > 0");
            }

            double previousResult = 0;
            int counter = 1;

            while (Math.Abs(result - previousResult) > precision)
            {
                previousResult = result;
                if (counter % 2 == 1)
                {
                    result += 1 / (double)TwoToPower(counter);
                }
                else
                {
                    result -= 1 / (double)TwoToPower(counter);
                }

                counter++;
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double CalcConvergentSumFactorial(double precision)
        {
            double result = 1;
            if (precision <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Precision must be > 0");
            }

            double previousResult = 0;
            int counter = 2;

            while (result - previousResult > precision)
            {
                previousResult = result;
                result += 1 / (double)CalcFactorial(counter);
                counter++;
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Universal form finisher Mod. MG PNEUMATIC for outerwear garment - to be connected with external steam supply.
Universal form finisher for the blowing finishing of all outerwer garments, suitable for laundry , dry-cleaning, manufacturing, pressing and hotel industries.
Revolving dummy allows to intervene on the garment even during finishing cycles.
It is also available with a stainless steel body.


text:
@interface AccountsViewController : UIViewController  <UITextFieldDelegate> {
    IBOutlet UITextField *userNameField;
    IBOutlet UITextField *passwordField;
    IBOutlet UITextField *connectionField;
    IBOutlet UITextField *hostField;
    IBOutlet UIButton *okButton;
    RootViewController *rootViewController;
}

@property (nonatomic, retain) UITextField *userNameField;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UITextField *passwordField;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UITextField *connectionField;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UITextField *hostField;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIButton *okButton;
@property (nonatomic, retain) RootViewController *rootViewController;

- (IBAction)okPressed;

@end


text:
In Birmingham, England, each council constituency is managed by a Constituency Committee, made up of all the councillors for the wards in that constituency.

Birmingham's ten Council constituencies were formally created as eleven "districts" on 5 April 2004, based on the existing parliamentary constituencies as part of a move to devolve responsibility for the management of local services away from the centre of Birmingham City Council, the largest such body in Europe.

See also
Government of Birmingham, England
Area committee

References

Birmingham City Council

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Yo dawg, I heard you liked HipChat bots… so we put a HipChat bot into HipChat so you can make HipChat bots using a HipChat bot in HipChat.
Despite not getting very far during ShipIt, Botler gained a lot of popularity amongst the different chat rooms and teams accross Atlassian. Some used it to post dank memes while others used it to make answer frequently asked questions in their team's context. This signaled me to continue working on it and eventually shipping it to the Marketplace so that anyone can use it.
A personal Butler for HipChat; allowing anybody to take advantage of the HipChat integrations framework to create powerful chat bots in seconds.
HipChat bots are fun, annoying and useful little things that make our chatrooms more than just regular chatrooms. The process of making a HipChat bot is quite simple with BYO, the HipChat REST API, and HipChat Connect, that is, if you're a developer. What about all the non-technical HipChatters out there?
Enter Botler, your very own bot butler.
Create "room services" with a classic form in popup dialog. Just select what events and terms you want Botler to listen to and then enter what you want Botler to say whent that happens.
For you advanced users, you can use regular expression for smarter phrase detection and even use captured terms in your replies.
By default, Botler's replies will be rendered just like your normal messages, which means that your @mentions and emoticons will appear as expected. You can opt-in to use HTML rendering instead if you're a fancy hypertext wizard.
Botler is simple Node.js web application backed with express.js and PostgreSQL that does that the above sequence diagram shows.
The client was originally rendered on the server using handlebars but it was rewritten in React.js so that it would be easier to maintain and contribute to.
If you're interested in how it's built or have questions, feel free to check out the code on Bitbucket or contact me.


Chemical company DuPont is frequently in the news for the negative health and environmental consequences posed by its products. Even its facilities, both operating and defunct, have been linked to possible health concerns, personal injury, and wrongful death in the public. While many chemical companies refuse to own up to their mistakes, many victims are able to take them to court to obtain the damages they rightfully deserve.
If you or a family member has suffered a personal injury or death as a result of possible pollution or chemical exposure, you will need an experienced lawyer to assist you with your case if you decide to seek damages. The Miami personal injury lawyers at Gerson & Schwartz, PA work with you to help you design a case that is geared toward achieving the end result you want. Call us at 1-877-474-2905.
DuPont, one of the largest chemical companies in the world, has seen its fair share of lawsuits. Recently, a personal injury and wrongful death lawsuit have been filed against the company, specifically in connection to its operation of the Spelter smelter. The lawsuit was filed by the grandmother of a 7-year-old boy who reportedly died following a severe asthma attack. This attack was allegedly caused and exacerbated by exposure to pollution from the smelter.
Another case has been filed against DuPont by a married couple who claim to have developed pulmonary fibrosis in response to the pollution near their home. What is interesting is that DuPont settled a similar lawsuit five years ago; yet, at the time the company admitted no wrongdoing on their part. Around $34 million has been set aside for cleanup of the smelter property. Both of these cases report that exposure to heavy metals from the smelting process, including lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic, is what caused the negative health effects.
It is true that the chemical and refinery industries provide a valuable service to the economy and the world at large, but when they manufacture products that poison the environment and/or present a public health threat, that is when something really has to shift. Personal injury attorneys play a pivotal role in helping them clean up their act by forcing them to recognize their mistakes and provide compensation for the victims of their products.
If you or family member has experienced a personal injury due to direct or indirect exposure to chemicals or pollution, you deserve to be compensated for any damages or medical costs. The Miami personal injury lawyers at Gerson & Schwartz, PA has years of experience working with personal injury cases, and we strive to understand each and every case so our clients can aim for receiving the reward they deserve. If you would like to discuss the details of your case, please feel free to call our offices for a FREE consultation at 1-877-475-2905. You can also send us an email at info@gslawusa.com. Our free consultation is so we can understand the specific nature of your case and discuss the best strategies for achieving the best outcome for you and everyone involved.