Davidson alumnus Paul Schulz '82 has purchased and donated back to the college Ten Days, a literary and visual art collaboration between two Davidson professors in 2010 and 2011. Schulz made the donation of poetry and drawings to honor his former professor and long-time faculty friend, former Vice President for Academic Affairs Clark Ross.
Ten Days was created by Herb Jackson, Douglas C. Houchens Professor Emeritus of Fine Arts, and Alan Michael Parker, Douglas C. Houchens Professor of English and Director of Creative Writing. The two men selected 10 random days during a 15 month span on which Jackson created a painting and Parker created a poem. They worked completely independently, with neither seeing the other's work. The only rule was scale—Parker's poems were to fit on an 8.5-by-11 inch piece of paper, and Jackson's drawings would fit a 7-by-10 inch sheet.
When Jackson and Parker finally revealed their works to each other, they realized that the pieces were connected in almost mysterious ways. For example, on day 10, Jackson's work involved the use of horizontal lines, and Parker's poem concerned climbing into a childhood tree house.
When Schulz was a student at Davidson, he majored in economics—taking the first course Ross ever taught at Davidson in the fall of 1979—but he also took every art course possible to further develop his creative gift. He and Jackson formed a unique bond, and though their styles were different, they helped each other grow.
"It is extraordinary that an opportunity existed for me to make one gift that so closely touches Herb and Clark," said Schulz. "I took just about every class Clark offered during my time as a student, not unlike a lot of my classmates. He has a way of making a lot of not fun courses fun. Herb and I see the visual art world similarly, even though he is an abstract artist, and I am a representational artist who focuses on nature and wildlife. Herb challenged me."
The artists are overjoyed to see this special project live on through Schulz' generosity.
"I am thrilled that Ten Days will reside at Davidson, as the project represents for me a model of collaborative verve and trans-disciplinary ambition," said Parker. "How right, too, that the work should be donated in the name of Dean Ross, who has been the project's greatest champion. This was an invigorating, eye-opening project for me, artistically. Honored to work with Herb Jackson, and trusting his brilliance, I nevertheless had no sense of how to define success within the agreed-upon parameters. My feeling is that the results succeeded well beyond my assumptions, which amazes me."
"I think this project is an extremely visible example of collaboration between disciplines," said Jackson. "It has received tremendous response every time we presented it. I am so pleased that Paul's generosity makes it possible for future students and the greater community to encounter it for years to come."
Clark Ross is honored to be recognized in this way by Schulz, and because Ross will return to the Davidson faculty following a one-year sabbatical, he will be able to enjoy the collection well into the future.
"The exercise and creativity itself represents liberal arts and Davidson," said Ross. "I was excited by the original presentation of Ten Days, and it is gratifying for me to see it continue in this extraordinary way. It is very meaningful to be associated with these three people."
Schulz' first job out of college, a greeting card design manager with Hallmark Cards, combined both art and business skills. He pursued the position in part through his friendship with Davidson classmate, David Hall '84, whose family owns the Kansas City-based company.
Schulz then moved on to his family's business, Florida Chemical, which he managed for 21 years. He always wanted to make a significant impact for Davidson, and when his company was acquired by publicly traded company Flotek, he had the resources to consider the opportunities available to him. Ten Days is a project that represents everything Schulz loved about his time as a student as well as passions he continues to pursue through his art work.
"The morning the business announcement was made, I immediately called Clark," said Schulz, who serves on the college's Board of Visitors, "because I knew I could finally make this gift. Since graduating in 1982, I have seen Davidson's fingerprints in all meaningful endeavors in my life, and I'm pleased to give back in this way."
Paul Schulz knows how to take care of business. Now he's ready for his colorful paintings to take wing.
Colorful art by Paul Schulz has been on display at the Winter Haven Library.
He began his career as a design coordinator for Hallmark.
Paul Schulz uses real butterflies as inspiration. 'I embellish the color to get the essence of what I'm trying to convey,' he says.
A butterfly sculpture adorns the garden area at Paul Schulz's Winter Haven home.
WINTER HAVEN -- Paul Schulz's interest in all forms of life is reflected in his many creations, from wildlife paintings to the diverse ecosystems on his 30-acre estate, named Swallowtail Hollow.
Schulz, 42, said his interests are a fusion of his father's love of natural sciences and his mother's attraction to the arts.
Schulz majored in economics and minored in art when he graduated from Davidson College in North Carolina in 1982. He began his career working as a design coordinator for Hallmark Cards Inc. for 21/2 years until 1985, when he returned home to Winter Haven to run the family business, Florida Chemical Co.
After he took over, the company experienced rapid growth with increased popularity of orange household cleaners and laundry detergents. Now, with a firm corporate support system in place, he is finding more time to pursue his other interest -- art.
"I've enjoyed Florida Chemical and the business adventure getting me into my early 40s," Schulz said. "Now I can grow my art career into something."
One of Schulz's recent works, "Spectrum of Life," a tribute to biodiversity, is showing up in Winter Haven and beyond. The painting is the 2004 Florida Wildlife Art Exposition poster. It features 28 panels in rows of four and bands of seven colors. Each panel features an animal or plant from around the world in vibrant colors. Some of the flora and fauna portrayed come from Schulz's travels to many different environments, from the South American rain forests to the Galapagos Islands.
"I like color and am drawn to subjects that inherently strike a chord with people," Schulz said. "I embellish the color to get the essence of what I'm trying to convey and run with it, to bring out the most from that subject."
The new Winter Haven Library is displaying the painting in its children's room -- both in its entirety and as enlarged single panels.
"The colors add so much to the children's department. They're so bright and vibrant," said Debbie Couture, children's librarian. "We get lots of compliments on the paintings, from both the kids and the adults."
Reproductions of some of Schulz's work may be purchased at the Friends of the Library store in the Winter Haven Library lobby.
A new painting, "Grove Patrol," portrays a fox that used to wander the area around Schulz's home but was killed when it tried to cross the road. Schulz had the animal mounted and used it as his model.
"Grove Patrol" has been chosen for the poster of the Citrus Expo 2004.
"It's very important to me and something I have a specific acuity for," Schulz said of his painting. "I derive a lot of satisfaction from it."
Linda Florea can be reached at lflorea@orlandosentinel.com or 863-422-8017.
Looking at Winter Haven artist Paul Schulz's "Spectrum of Life" - the 2004 Florida Wildlife Art Exposition's event poster piece - the vibrant colors captured on the canvas suggest a life-long passion with color itself.
Schulz seems quite comfortable with his use of color.
The idea itself brings a smile to his face as the 43-year-old fondly remembers a conversation he had with his much- beloved art professor at Davidson College, acclaimed abstract artist Herb Jackson.
"I was working with oils at the time and when you work with oils, if you're not careful mixing them -you end up with mud, " said Schulz who was being particularly careful one day. "Herb Jackson's work is very colorful and one critique he had written of my work read, 'Paul, are you afraid of color?'"
"From that time on, I hear that phrase resonate in my head - it really made an impact on me," said Schulz, who sometimes finds himself busy working in his home studio "throwing an extra dab of paint and saying aloud, 'take that Herb Jackson!'"
These days, Paul Schulz isn't afraid of color or much else. The president of the successful family citrus oil company - Florida Chemical Company - in the citrus industry since 1942, Schulz continues to expand his family's business while enjoying the freedom of exploring his passion for art.
"I'm now in a really positive position with my 'day job' as our company continues to grow with an extremely capable and awesome team," said Schulz, who is assisted by Josh Snively, vice president.
The company's offices and hallways have become "a Paul Schulz art gallery of sorts" - showcasing Schulz's view of nature I a variety of forms.
"With the best artists, you can see they have taken something unique in nature and made it their own," said Schulz, whose own crystal-blue eyes twinkle with childhood delight when he discusses his passion for art. "When I paint, I take something from nature that I observe and personalize it while keeping the integrity of what I've captured. I tend to accentuate the color - embellish it to make it my own."
That's the case with the 2004 expo poster - "Spectrum of Life," a piece Schulz has spent two years creating in his home's studio. "The subject matter - a tribute to biodiversity -- is something that has wide appeal," said Schulz who is pleased that a Giclee reproduction of the original will be included at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera Research at the I University of Florida which will house the world's second I largest butterfly collection when it opens this spring. In each of the color panels featured in the artwork is a butterfly.
Schulz first became involved with the Florida Wildlife Art Expo last year after collaborating with former Florida Senator Rick Dantzler of Winter Haven as the illustrator for Dantzler's book, "Under the Panther Moon. "
"I thoroughly enjoy the expo," said Schulz. "It's really a homecoming of sorts - a reunion -- for artists. That's part of the appeal. Each art genre has its means of plugging in to the event."
"Rick's book was a big hit at last year's expo, " said Schulz. Some of the last pages of the book feature Schulz's graphite sketches - fishing lures, in fact - that are similar to the engravings his grandfather, the late William Pringle, did for the U.S. Mint. "My grandfather actually apprenticed for seven years with a master engraver from France," said Schulz, who was pleased to receive from his mother, Helene Schulz (who is actively involved in the local chapter of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill), a special Christmas gift --"the engraver's Bible, a publication that was printed in the late 1800s and given to my grandfather in 1910." The book joins Schulz's extensive collection of artifacts - many prominently displayed in shadow boxes - that he has collected over the years. "In my next life, I'm going to be a museum curator," said Schulz with a laugh, referring to a section of the home he shares with his wife Carole Ann and their son, Alexander that he calls "the Smithsonian room."
While many artists don't enjoy commercial success - despite their talents - Schulz is grateful for the success of his family's business so there isn't the pressure to produce art for financial gain.
In fact, it was his loyalty to his family that brought Schulz back to Winter Haven in 1985 to assist in the family business. He had been working as a design coordinator for Hallmark Card Company -a firm with, at that time, 600 + employees in its creative department (the most anywhere and the answer to a Jeopardy question, according to Schulz).
While the company was growing, Schulz's art was taking a back seat. AI originally thought I'd come home and help out Dad (H.E. "Bert" Schulz) at the office and paint on the side," said Schulz. "We were just too busy for that, I soon discovered."
To complicate the situation, in 1993 Schulz was diagnosed with a neurological condition known as spasmodic torticollis - which causes neck muscles to spasm - contracting muscles and pulling the head to the side. It adversely affected Schulz's ability to work as well as to paint.
Throughout it all, his family provided encouragement and support that resulted in discovering a "denervation procedure" performed by Dr. Guy Bouvier in Montreal, Canada that helped Schulz regain use of his neck - "clearly improving the quality of my life."
Schulz is now actively supporting projects to generate the $2 million needed to establish a neurosurgery chair at Emory University's Medical Center in Atlanta. A special bonus for Schulz during his visits to Emory has been the opportunity to meet former heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, -' who was presented with a signed reproduction of Schulz's "Emory Eagle" and Jane Fonda, who was in town for the opening of the Fonda Center and who also received a signed copy of Schulz's creation.
Paul Schulz in his studio at Swallowtail Hollow with his ongoing work "Spectrum of Life" a tribute to biodiversity.
WINTER HAVEN -- He attributes his success to Team Schulz.
For local artist Paul Schulz, the head of citrus oil producer Florida Chemical, support from family and a competent staff make life ideal. "I'm living the American dream," Schulz said. "Of course, getting here was an adventure. But I'm grateful every day, because you can't do it alone. You need good people around you. That's the best thing I have going for me, is the extended Schulz team."
The most important member of Schulz's team is his wife of 11 years, Carole Ann. "You can see all that's going on around me," Schulz said. "I couldn't have so much without her. She's so bright, so capable, and she has very practical, commercially viable skills." The Schulzes work together on both art and business projects. Carole Ann provides technological support for Florida Chemical, as well as for his art. Currently, she is touching up family heirlooms. "My grandfather was a master engraver. If something isn't done to archive his work, it will be lost," Schulz said. "Carole Ann is re-scanning and digitally doing touch-ups on the digital images. She's doing a remarkable job and it's such a wonderful project for our family."
Other family projects include 5-year-old Alexander, who has his own easel set up in his father's studio. "He's my buddy," Schulz said. "Of course, we've had our moments over the years, when he's wanted to sneak up behind me and paint on Daddy's painting with Daddy."
Schulz just entered the Federal Duckstamp Competition, a prestigious national project. He is currently completing a book with Winter Haven resident and former gubernatorial candidate Rick Dantzler. His current painting, "A Spectrum of Life: A Tribute to Biodiversity," will be marketed as prints and featured in libraries, museums, and a new science center at the University of Florida. But morning sketches on 3M notepads are some of his most important pieces of art. "It goes in Xander's lunch box," Schulz said. "Today's assignment was a giant squid with a horse. That's what he asked for, and I had five minutes to come up with something. So I sketched a horse on a beach waving at a giant squid in the water."
The sea theme is echoed in Alexander's room, where fish swim and crustaceans frolic across a blue wall mural. The room is filled with science posters teaching Alexander the facts behind the objects of art. The facts are echoed throughout the house, with shadow boxes of rare butterflies, collection books, cases of shells, and more. "In my next life, I think I'll be a museum curator," said Schulz. "I love to collect things, and this is my Smithsonian room." The arts and sciences fill his Smithsonian room, his studio, and Alexander's bedroom, bringing a sense of unity to very different aspects of one man's life.
"To the extent that art stuff is genetic, I got it from my mother's side of the family. I got my love of biology from my father's side. And now, artwork even has its place at Florida Chemical. The citrus industry knows me, knows my work, and we give out a lot of things. Our building is full of Schulz artwork," Schulz said.
Schulz has built the life he wanted to create. "Florida Chemical is a family business, and our company is over 60 years old. In the mid-80s, my dad was at a point to retire, and the citrus industry was picking up. We negotiated that I would build an art studio on my office. I naively thought that I could run the company and still be a freelance artist. It kind of worked, and for a while, I'd be oil painting and talking on the phone at the same time. But then the business boomed and my art took a back shelf for a while," Schulz said.
Life has a way of working out, if you're patient enough to let it. "I love it, now. A lot of good things have fallen into place, and a lot of it has to do with a very capable staff," Schulz said. "So Florida Chemical is fun now, and I do it on my terms. The neat thing, for my art, is that I can more or less do what I want. It's not my subsistence. I knew phenomenal artists at Hallmark who were at wits' end. They wanted to do great things, but they had to paint teddy bears." Schulz worked for the Hallmark greeting card company straight out of college, after going to school with the grandson of Hallmark's founder. He loved the people and loved the job, but knew he would move on to other things. "Businesses, life, everything -- they are fluid, dynamic things," Schulz said. "Everything today is so competitive, and if you're not changing, you get stepped on."
Schulz has built success on change. "I've kind of made the family business evolve toward me, and somehow it worked out," he said.
From his family's point of view, everything works out well because Schulz works hard to make it work and earns his success.
"He's so creative," said Carole Ann. "He gets it from his grandfather, who I feel like is in the room whenever I work on the engravings. Paul has so many projects going that his friends tease us for having so many balls in the air. It's great to get to be part of his creative process. He's the sweetest thing in the world."
Artist Paul Schulz, is supporting the Bouvier Initiative with his art. Those who make a gift of $1000 or more will receive an orginal signed print of "The Emory Eagle."
A surgical procedure known as denervation has given Paul Schulz back his life, he says, and he is working to share that gift with others who have the neurological condition know as spasmodic torticollis. The procedure involves severing carefully targeted nerves.
Schulz, an artist and businessman, made the first gift to the School of Medicine's Bouvier Initiative, an effort to raise $200,000 to bring Guy Bouvier, the specialist in spasmodic torticollis who performed Schulz' s denervation procedure, to Emory to teach it to others. The long-range plan is to secure $2 million to establish an endowed chair in neurosurgery for this area.
Spasmodic torticollis is a movement disorder that causes some of the neck muscles to contract, creating irregular head movements. Usually, those affected are unable to work and function normally without treatment.
"Bringing Bouvier to Emory to train our physicians in this procedure is a natural progression in our movement disorders program," says Dan Barrow, chair of Neurosurgery. "This will add an additional star in our repertoire of treatment options."
Art has always been part of Schulz's life. Working in acrylics, oils, and opaque watercolors, he paints the sandhill cranes, swamps, snowy egrets, and other fauna and flora of his native Florida. He is president of Florida Chemical Company, a 50-year-old family business that sells citrus oil. But he still found time throughout the years to produce some limited-edition prints and have several private showings of his work.
The spasmodic torticollis surfaced in 1993. Strong spasms in Schulz's neck muscles began to force his head to the right. Painting was very difficult-to be able to do so at all, he had to hold his head straight with one hand while painting with the other. "I had lived my life assuming I would always be able to paint," he says.
He tried medication and injections but gained back only about 40% of his normal posture and movement. Searching for other treatment, he learned about denervation, referred to as 'the option of last resort."
Denervation is not appropriate for everyone, and the procedure must be carefully customized. Schulz traveled to Quebec to have his condition evaluated, and after waiting three long years for his condition to stabilize, he underwent the procedure. Within days, he was able to hold his head straight. He had physical therapy to strengthen his muscles and had "a clear, huge improvement in quality of life."
For further information about the Bouvier Initiative, please call 407-727-0462.
For further information about spasmodic torticollis, please visit The Dystonia Foundation.


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Rapper Kanye West is under investigation after a report of battery was filed against him, Los Angeles police have said.
The incident which triggered the complaint allegedly took place in downtown Los Angeles at around 3am on Thursday, LAPD spokeswoman Redina Puentes said.
No arrests have been made.
The street where the alleged incident took place is outside Soho West, a members-only club popular with celebrities.
West is in the middle of divorce proceedings with Kim Kardashian
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In a statement, the LAPD said: "This morning at 3am, officers responded to Santa Fe Ave and Bay Street.
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"No arrests have been made and the incident is being investigated by our Newton Division."
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The 44-year-old rapper, who legally changed his name to Ye last year, is in the middle of divorce proceedings with Kim Kardashian West.
She filed a request last month to be declared legally single and have his former last name dropped, citing irreconcilable differences that "continued to exist" between the pair.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My experience with experimental archaeology started during my MA, attending to the experimental archaeology course at Sapienza University of Rome. After this formative experience, I started to apply this approach to ceramic study joining my personal skills of modelling developed in the pottery workshop of my family to a scientific study of prehistoric pottery for my MA thesis and later in my PhD research. This latter aimed to analyse technological and functional choices of the pottery production of the current Rome area. The analysis of the ceramic assemblages through raw material investigation, technological traces and use wear combined with dedicated experimental protocols lead to reconstruct manufacturing techniques featuring different pottery traditions and groups settled in such an area during the copper age.
My experience in experimental archaeology develops through academic research field and outreach events.
Currently my academic research is based on an integration of compositional analyses of ceramic materials, traceological investigation (technological traces and use wear) and experimental archaeology. The role of experimental archaeology is essential to understand the whole sequence of pottery production (from the raw material processing to firing, including use activities of ceramic vessels during everyday life) and to produce dedicated comparison collections interpreting archaeological traces and understand inferences essential to investigate social aspects of production.
During last years, I took part to various experimental archaeology courses (in collaboration the Laboratory of Technological and Functional Analyses of Prehistoric Artefacts - LTFAPA) focused on various aspect of ancient life involving pottery, as modelling, firing and use of prehistoric vessels, experiments on painted decorations on ancient pottery and production and use of ceramic textile tools.
Activity of dissemination of my research results consists in frequent outreach activities from 2012 as hands-on about prehistoric pottery modelling and firing, workshops and conferences in collaboration with museums, academic or public institutions in Italy and UK involving adults and kids.
Keywords: Prehistoric Pottery, Pottery Technology, Ceramic Use wear, Craft, Specialisation.
My current research (TraCTUs - https://www.facebook.com/MSCATractusProject/), at the McDonald Institute for archaeological research, focuses on pottery craft activity during the copper age with a project founded by the European Commission (MSCA). In this study, I am going to integrate a detailed empirical analysis on copper age pottery assemblages of funerary contexts from Central Italy (as scientific analyses of ceramic pastes, traceological analysis of manufacture and use wear) with major theories about specialisation to investigate knowledge and skills of copper age potters and contribute to understand their identity in prehistoric groups. During last months, I had many occasions (as Prehistory Day, Festival of Ideas and Science Festival in UK) to introduce TraCTUs project and ancient ceramic technology to adults and kids through hands on activities and media (see video https://www.facebook.com/archaeologycambridge/videos/1358228124252336/?…).


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Home Featured ArticleYour Eating Disorders Need-to-Know Guide
Your Eating Disorders Need-to-Know Guide
Featured Article, Growth and Development, Health and Safety
https://dailyparent.com/articles/your-eating-disorders-need-to-know-guide/
By Carla Morant
https://dailyparent.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/teen-eating-disorder-150x150.jpg
"I remember that it was around first grade the first time I purposely didn't eat when I was hungry," Andi Craven of Hendersonville, NC, recalls. "By that time, it was about a year after I began being sexually abused and it would be two more years that the abuse continued."
When she was 11, Andi's older brother attempted suicide, further straining family dynamics already handicapped by a mother struggling with her own undiagnosed mental illness.
By the time Andi was 14, not eating was the routine. Her hair began falling out from malnutrition and she was wearing her brother's baggy clothing in an effort to hide the extent of her diminishing frame. "I didn't break 100 pounds until I was 18 years old," she says.
Hiding, however, proved to be unnecessary.
"I was, basically, invisible. As long as my brother wasn't dead, nobody cared what was happening with me."
These days, the 30-year-old social worker and mother of two says her childhood experiences have shown her just how important it is, as a parent, to be diligent about really paying attention to changes in her own children's behavior. Although she says that she has gotten "much better" in her adult years, she still struggles with lingering mental and physical effects of her younger days. Had her parents sought early treatment for her, she believes, she would have had a better shot at a full recovery.
"I want (my children) to feel like no matter what is going on in my world, they matter and they are loved," Andi says. "It's not about how they make us look as parents. Being a mom, especially, made me realize that my parents should have known. I was just a kid, so I didn't even have a name for what was going on with me, let alone a solution."
It is estimated that 24 million people in the United States struggle with an eating disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 2.7 percent of teens ages to 13-18 are included among these. Of those, 0.3 percent are affected by anorexia, 0.9 percent by bulimia and 1.6 percent by binge eating disorder. No race, gender or socio-economic group is exempt. While the causes vary widely from trauma and bullying to peer and media pressures to be thin, the treatments all begin with the same step: Identifying the affected child.
In today's weight-conscious society when so many are trying the latest diet or weight-loss fad, it can be difficult to determine when a teen has crossed over into the arena of a full-blown eating disorder. Here are a few things experts agree can be red flags:
• Eating in secret or resisting sitting with the rest of the family for meals
If your child consistently makes excuses such as "I already ate" or "I have a stomachache" to avoid joining the family during mealtime, or if she is hiding or hoarding food, there could be a problem. They could be not eating much, if at all (anorexia nervosa) or are ashamed of the amount they are eating. (bulimia or binge eating disorder). "It's like I became desperate to be hungry," Andi recalls. "Not eating was a kind of euphoria for me so I would do whatever it took to not eat."
• Constant or frequent dieting
Although we often hear about the epidemic of childhood obesity these days, the truth is that the majority of teens do not need a restrictive diet. A developing child who limits food intake to control weight could be causing harm to their growing bodies. Besides, research shows that it often doesn't work and can even potentially cause weight gain and lead to further disordered eating habits later in life.
• A preoccupation with food
It's OK if your teen checks food labels and packaging in efforts to eat healthy, vitamin-rich foods, but if she is constantly talking about how "fatty" certain foods are or how many calories she has consumed or needs to "burn off," pay close attention. Food phobias or avoidance of certain foods should also be concerns.
• Hiding her body
For Andi, ditching fitted clothing for her brother's baggier wardrobe was one way to hide just how small she had become. It also could be a sign that your teen sees herself as overweight or "fat" even though she is clearly underweight. This is known as "Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)," a distorted body image seen in some eating disorders.
• Skipped periods
An occasionally missed period by a teen that has begun menstruating isn't cause for alarm. However, if you notice that she is missing several in a row or has stopped asking you to purchase feminine products, be aware that there could be a problem. Of course, consult with her physician to rule out any other medical conditions that could be the cause.
• Compulsive exercising
That is, exercising several times daily, particularly if your teen indicates the need to "work off" what she has eaten. Excessive preoccupation with burned calories, lost inches or weight, etc., can indicate an issue.
• Perfectionism
Pay close attention to your teen's hyper-emphasis on excelling in school, sports or other activities. "It was all about control," Andi says of her obsessive need for perfection, particularly as a lifelong dancer. "I was very regimented; everything had to be a certain way. The mentality that I had was, 'Either you're fat or skinny, right or wrong.' Everything was black or white. Nothing was gray, and it all had to be just right."
• Changes in appearance
Is your teen losing or gaining lots of weight in a relatively short amount or time? Do her hair, skin and teeth appear weaker or off-color? If so, you could be witnessing the effects of malnutrition. Hair loss, ashen or yellow skin tone and yellowed, decaying teeth are other signs to look for. And keep in mind that everyone with an eating disorder isn't thin. Some are even overweight, as is often the case with binge eating disorder.
If You Suspect Your Teen Has a Disorder
If you suspect a problem, whatever you do, do something. Burying your head in the sand not only will not work, its consequences could prove deadly. Eating disorders are life-threatening and should be identified and treated as early as possible to achieve full recovery. In fact, anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder, at up to 20 percent. Research shows that if left untreated or if treatment is delayed, eating disorders during adolescence often continue to manifest well into adulthood, potentially damaging the brain, heart, bones, kidneys and liver.
If your teen exhibits one or more of the signs included in this article, it is important to seek the care of a comprehensive eating disorder treatment program sooner rather than later. This usually includes a physician, a psychologist or therapist, a psychiatrist, a dietician and a physical therapist. The goal is to help your child achieve and maintain a healthy weight by reversing the physical damage and treating the underlying psychological causes.
There are many organizations available to help. The National Eating Disorder Association is one of several working to prevent eating disorders, eliminate body dissatisfaction and provide treatment referrals. They can be reached through their Information and Referral HelpLine at 800-931-2237.
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Your eye works a lot like a camera. Light rays focus through your lens on the retina, a layer of light sensitive cells at the back of the eye. Similar to film, the retina allows the image to be seen by the brain. But over time the lens can become cloudy and prevent light rays from passing clearly through the lens. This cloudy lens is called a cataract.
During cataract surgery, a small incision is made and the lens material is removed by using an ultrasonic probe. The man-made intraocular lens material cannot be implanted until the hardened cataract is removed. Once the eye has been cleaned, your Cataract Surgeon will determine whether or not the proper dilation of the pupil has been achieved. After this, a 3 millimeter micro-incision is made at the junction of the white part of the eye known as the sclera and the cornea. An ultrasonic probe is inserted into this micro-incision. The cataract is then pulverized by the ultrasonic probe and your eye surgeon then suctions out the cataract material so that the cataract can be removed.
Following the cataract removal, the ophthalmologist is then ready to implant a man made intraocular lens. The other option is a premium lens that can reduce the need for glasses after surgery. At Houston Eye Associates, our Cataract Surgeons will help you choose the lens that is best suited for you and will make sure that you have every option available.
If you or a family member are seeking a diagnosis for suspected cataracts, or if it has already been determined that you are a candidate for cataract removal, Houston Eye Associates can help you take the next steps. Our skilled team of Cataract Surgeons has the experience and the most up to date technology to help our patients reverse the symptoms and vision loss associated with cataracts. We will also walk you through all of the Premium Lens Implant options and help you choose the right lens for your situation.
Because of the many multi-focal intraocular lens implants available, including Premium Lens Implants, and your individual vision correction needs, it's important to discuss all of your options with a qualified eye surgeon. We invite you to make an appointment with one of our dedicated ophthalmologists at Houston Eye Associates. As with all elective eye surgery procedures, you should ask your ophthalmologist for a complete list of the risks and complications associated with Cataract Surgery, as well as the potential benefits and rewards that come with taking this important step.


AN ADDRESS BY THE NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF EBIRA PEOPLE'S ASSOCIATION, DR ADEIZA MUSA ABDULRAHMAN ON THE OCASSION OF THE TURBANNING CEREMONY OF PRINCE (ALH) ATABA MOHAMMED SANNI OMOLORI AS THE CIROMA OF EBIRALAND BY THE OHINOYI OF EBIRALAND, HIS MAJESTY, ALH (DR) ADO IBRAHIM, CON, ON THE 7TH FEBRUARY, 2013 TAGGED 'A TEMPLATE FOR ENDURING PEACE IN EBIRALAND'.
Let me begin this address by welcoming home all our sons and daughters, and most importantly, our non-native friends who are here to felicitate with us on our happiness of the moment. Many may have heard the name of this land but visiting here for their very first time. Ebira people welcome you today and assure you of our uncommon hospitality that would linger in memory for many years to treasure. Let me assure you that this land of hills and valleys whose name, Ebira, literally translates to virtue, is a land of hospitality, hard-working and strong-willed people. This hospitality I guess will be evident from the more than lavish entertainment that will ensue as an aftermath of this royal occasion. I pray the almighty God deliver our guests safely back to their destinations on completion of this occasion Amen.
Today's occasion is a unique one in several ways. It is a celebration of the coming together of two groups or homes. These are the homes of the legendry late Alh. Ibrahim Onoruoiza Atta and the iconic late Alh Muhammad Sanni Omolori, both of blessed memories, that held sway in this land for more than half of its contemporary national life. Like in all dynamics of aristocracy, subtle mutual suspicion, royal vendetta, acrimonies of all shades culminating into a widening gulf between contending interest groups seeking higher nobilities, had in the past characterize the relationship between these two families. The identification of good virtues in a prince across a family boundary is a sign of gradual unification of the two families in pursuance of peace. It is a mark of rare courage and fairness on the giver (the monarch) and a key virtue of good sportsmanship on the part of the receiver in accepting the offer of a traditional title. It is a significant milestone in the sense that our divergent fingers are closing up into a fist that could only translate to a greater strength for our people. This celebration of today therefore, is not only for the singular reason of conferment of title but more for the consolidation of the prevailing peace and unity in the land. In fact it should be tagged appropriately as a coronation of the peace and unity of the land. I am quite hopeful that the peace initiative of the monarch would not be limited to this singular effort.
At this juncture, let me in strong term, on behalf of Ebira People's Association appreciate the landmark effort of the initiator and purveyor of this peace mission, our exalted monarch, his Majesty, Alh (Dr), Ado Ibrahim, the Ohinoyi of Ebiraland. His majesty is gracious among all worthy men of the world, for, he passed and shone by the grace given to him by God. Viewed from his background, the Ebiras perceive him as a King from a successful royal lineage that is fortunate in life beyond measure. He is very wise and provident in counsel and he is well-learned and quick in comprehension. He is skilful in nature, elegant in speech, stern to the obstinate and calm to the humble. During his time on the throne, Ebira has been bruised in image with some pitfalls but also recorded some milestone successes. These successes include producing the Attorney–General of the Federation and Minister for Justice, our respected Alh . Mohammed Adoke, Group Managing Director, NNPC, Mr Austen Oniwon, Clerk of the House of representatives, Alh Ataba Muhammad Sani Omolori, President, Customary court, His Lordship, Justice Moses Bello, Chief Judge of Kogi State, His Lordship, Justice Nasiru Ajana, Leaders of Tertiary institutions and Federal agencies, Director of Armed Forces intelligence, Maj. Gen. S.Y. Audu, appointment of an Ebira as Sole Administrator of Ajaokuta steel company, Engr Joseph Isah, Appointment and upgrading of many Chiefs in Ebiraland, the proposed sitting of the Greenfield refinery in Ubogiri. We are happy that these great sons and daughters of our land in high positions are making the country proud in their assignments. Ladies and gentlemen, our Monarch, the Ohinoyi of Ebiraland is 84 years today. At 84, his Majesty has dwarfed virtually everyone of his generation. I pray and wish his Majesty many more years on earth.
Prince Ataba Mohammad Sanni omolori, the object of this gathering and the cynosure of all eyes today, is magnanimous and courageous above all the princes of our time. He is exalted, glorious and truly royal in spirit. He is neither dismayed at adversity nor puffed-up with prosperity. He wears a treasure of fame, a treasure of virtue and is always surrounded by men who are neither cowards nor weaklings but some of the finer picks of the land. Rather than being shamed in honor and arms, Ataba would rather die in defense of issues of the land. Ataba places reason above sentiments and believes that the price for peace is unquantifiable and limitless. He is very happy at this coronation because of the symbolic opportunity it offers for yet another peace in the land.
Today is a confluence day of these two great personalities, the monarch and the prince. It is the day when history is being made with the coronation of the prince Ataba as the Ciroma of Ebiraland by the Monarch. Ciroma in Ebira language will approximate to ANAYI-TURA. This title I believe can only be bestowed on a favored personality by a benevolent King. This is a reward for noble disposition, not brigandage and itinerant rascality. The Ciroma from today, has by this coronation become one of the revered Daudus of our land. E.P.A is happy to identify with this feat but quick to remind the Ciroma on the popular adage that " To whom much is given, much is expected''. We hope this coronation will afford the Prince the opportunity to mobilize all Ebiras of his status to come and build small-scale industries in the lands so as to offer employment to our teeming youths in other to mitigate the poverty crisis in the land. We are happy because we believe his Majesty in his royal wisdom has given the cap to the head that would best wear it. We can only naturally expect greater responsibility to the land from Ciroma on the premise that greater responsibility devolves on he who is bestowed with honor and recognition. We have no doubt that your conduct henceforth will represent only the finer virtues and values of our ancestors, our nobles and our great heritage.
The choice of Daudu Ataba has opened some veritable potential for hope, unity and peace of our land. It is a new chapter that must be embraced by all. It is hoped that various clans will sheathe their swords in the senseless fratricidal animosities that dot our political landscape, and embrace the present spirit of building peace across borders. Clan leaders and Chiefs should take a cue from the Monarch and embark on visitations and dialogue across their immediate borders to create peace and foster unity and understanding. It is only when you open up your borders to do this that you have truly answered to your God-given title as a leader. We also admonish all men of honor to banish all manner of mischief from their hearts and denounce a posture of "mutually assured destruction". It is only when we have done this that we can clench our fists and collectively denounce our marginalization in the state, collectively agitate for the completion of Ajaokuta steel project and Itakpe Iron-ore plant and plead for the quick commencement of the Greenfield Refinery at Ubogiri. We have fought bitterly and come a little too late to realize the vainglorious consequence of self- destruct. We are all guilty and we need to reform and re-evaluate our hard stance on issues at least to ensure a good future for our children.
A permanent king-making protocol and king makers' structure should be established and enshrined so as to minimize rancor that usually ensue before and after the emergence of our rulers.
A register of all honored and turbaned personalities and their contribution to the land should be maintained at the palace of a reigning king. This will be a motivation for worthy emulation by future generations.
A calendar of yearly royal visitations of the monarch to the various districts be maintained. This will foster unity and strengthen the fatherhood of the reigning king over his kingdom.
A time-table of the forum of all turbaned personalities should be made so as to enable the forum meet, and have a periodic review of the situations in the land and give appropriate advice to the reigning king.
The principle and protocol of succession to the stool of Ohinoyi of Ebiraland is still like a pregnancy shrouded in secrecy. It is only when we discuss the burden openly that we can lessen the pain. Let us acquire knowledge of geology that could mitigate our future earthquake. It is our collective future that must be discussed and enshrined in our system now. We should no longer beckon to the future in a half-hazard way.
If the object of today's event is to foster unity, his Majesty who is never known for half measures as could be glimpsed from the opulence and lavish beauty of his palace from where a strong fragrance of influence and affluence exudes, should by his royal grace extend his magnanimity to restoration to the fullest, the honors and dignity of the title to all those earlier de-robed by the palace. It is the view of EPA that the acrimony and recrimination emanating from that exercise should not be allowed to linger beyond our generation. A permanent structure of peace is needed and urgently too to minimize the pervading rancor and malcontent in our land and restore the confidence and hope of our children in their fatherland.
A compendium of the various titles and the hierarchy in the land should be made, harmonized, adopted and institutionalized, by the traditional council of the land so as to serve as object of healthy competition for children desiring such titles.
When I was asked to articulate these views by a cross section of Ebira people in my capacity as the President of their umbrella body, I felt I had been given a headache larger than my head and a burden bigger than my heart but to the Almighty God who created man and the jinns and sees their hearts, I believe I have delivered these messages with cautious and fair objectivity. My hope is that when these measures are implemented, they will go a long way in strengthening the 'Ohinoyi stool' and create a lasting peace.
The king, our king, the Ohinoyi of Ebiraland, Dr. Ado Ibrahim, C.O.N has blazed yet another trail by opening up this flank of peace by conferring the highest title in Chiefdom on this worthy son of Ebiraland, Prince (Alh) Ataba Omolori to whom I say big congratulation. To the Ohinoyi and Ciroma of Ebiraland, I pray Allah reward you both with peace in your hearts and peace in your homes amen.


text:
export PATH=$PATH:~/ExM/inst/stc/bin:~/ExM/inst/turbine/bin

export TURBINE_USER_LIB=$(dirname $0)/lib

export ARGS="--mu=-9 --sigma=1 --M=1000 --N=100"

../scripts/o-level-test.sh ./embarrassing_lognorm.swift ../scripts/o-level-takeone.txt ./o-level-takeone-out

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Four-day workweeks seem appealing to many workers in the U.S. and abroad, but have hidden dangers, writes Quartz. The four-day workweek is usually four 10-hour days instead of the traditional eight-hour days.
Employers toyed with the idea of adopting a four-day workweek back in the 1980s. Some employers view the shortened workweek as a way to lower overhead costs by using less energy or reducing commuting time. Workers like the shortened week so they can have more family or leisure time.
But a shortened workweek means longer workdays. Quartz says studies show that increased fatigue and stress occur in employees who work a 12-hour day or more, or a 60-hour week. Another study shows that compressed workweeks raise the incidence of industrial accidents by 31%.
Compressed workweeks might have more benefits than disadvantages for workers overall. But employers shouldn't overlook study results showing that compressed work schedules can cause employees stress and fatigue, and raise the risk of accidents.
While four-day workweeks are particularly common in the summer time for some employers, the benefits may not carry over all year round. Tired workers aren't likely to be productive or maintain productivity over time. Also, they might not have as much energy as they'd like to spend time with families or devote to leisure activities.
Employers that are thinking about adopting a compressed workweek schedule may also want to consider the bonuses of flexible work environments, which provide workers with the freedom to work from home when needed, instead of pushing all work into four days.


you have always been my idol. thanks for always being there for me whenever i was in trouble. i know i was a little spoiled brat who acts like a princess. only knowing how to give orders. but you've trained me to become a proper lady. and thats why im lucky to have someone like you to rely on.


4.1 This is a highly confidential trial of commercially sensitive and innovative equipment. It is very important that you ensure that anyone in your household who may see or use the Services and the NOW TV hardware is aware of the confidentiality restrictions in this Contract and adheres to them.
4.2 You agree that information relating to the Trial including, without limitation, the performance of the Device and the features, functions and 'look and feel' of the services via the Device is confidential to Sky. You will not use that information other than for the purposes of the Trial or disclose or make available to a third party any such information including, without limitation, on blogs or social media sites other than any site provided exclusively for use as a feedback tool for Trialists as notified by the Trials Manager. This obligation does not apply to information (a), which you are required to disclose by law, or (b) that we give you express written permission to disclose.


text:
Entries for 'bats'
NEW YORK, NY | October 20, 2021
Scientists Predict Scary News for a Species of Bat
Two recent scientific studies under a project led by the Wildlife Conservation Society have revealed new insights on where and when bats hibernate across their range, and subsequently predict continued extreme levels of mortality from white-nose syndrome.
IT'S BAT WEEK! How to Make Bats Less Scary
A team of conservationists say that in order for the public to help bats, they need to be perceived as less scary.
Culture Revolution: Scientists Developing Probiotic Cocktail to Combat Deadly Bat Disease
(TORONTO - October 26, 2017) – Researchers in Canada are developing a new preventative treatment to combat a deadly disease that is decimating bat populations by taking a cue from human probiotics.
BAT SIGNALS: $2.5M, Four Year Study Launched to Fight Bat-Decimating Disease
NEW YORK (October 4, 2016) A four-year $2.5 million study was launched on September 27th by the WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) and partnering institutions to help scientists understand White Nose Syndrome (WNS)—a deadly disease encroaching on western bats.
WCS's Bronx Zoo Debuts New Additions to Award-Winning Jungle Habitat
Bronx, NY – April 27, 2016 – An Asian small-clawed otter pup (Aonyx cinereus) has made its public debut in JungleWorld at WCS's (Wildlife Conservation Society) Bronx Zoo, and a colony of Rodrigues fruit bats (Pteropus rodricensis) now share an exhibit with the Matschie's tree kangaroos.
First Western Bat Found with Deadly White Nose Syndrome
April 5, 2016 — White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) has been confirmed in a little brown bat in Washington State – the first recorded occurrence of this deadly fungal disease in western North America. The presence of this disease was verified by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Centre.
New Bat Habitat Discovered in Western Alberta
Central Alberta (February 25, 2016) WCS Canada announced today the discovery of two bat hibernacula —places where bats hibernate during winter months—in the Alberta foothills. The discovery was made recently during Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Canada's ongoing research as part of the BatCaver program (www.batcaver.org).


High-waisted pants with hidden back zip closure.
Pearl detail on the pant legs.
TSR Care Instructions: Machine wash on low cycle, and cold water.
Click here to be notified by email when Pearl High-waisted Cropped Pants in Black becomes available.


text:
This example just shows the hostname of the docker container instance running th

### Executing ###

Installing your environment:

```shell
cd /vagrant/examples/example1-nodeid
sh install.sh
kubectl create -f deploy.yaml
kubectl create -f service.yaml
```

Execute the simple test:
```shell
$ curl http://kube1.local:30200
The hostname is: example1-deployment-998556453-hqp2n

$ curl http://kube2.local:30200
The hostname is: example1-deployment-998556453-hqp2n
```
As you can see, both request have the same output, this is because the kube-proxy is doing their job, exposing the service port and redirecting the request to the available node.

## Scaling the service ##

To scale your pod just run:

```shell
$ kubectl scale deployment example1-deployment --replicas=10
```

Now you can see we have 10 instances of the same service running:
```shell
[vagrant@kube1 example1-nodeid]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                                  READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP            NODE
example1-deployment-995804533-63vlp   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.14.3   kube1.local
example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.36.3   kube2.local
example1-deployment-995804533-b34wb   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.14.6   kube1.local
example1-deployment-995804533-g8hnq   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.36.5   kube2.local
example1-deployment-995804533-p47lh   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.14.2   kube1.local
example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.14.4   kube1.local
example1-deployment-995804533-v1xtd   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.14.5   kube1.local
example1-deployment-995804533-vbxht   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.36.4   kube2.local
example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.36.2   kube2.local
example1-deployment-995804533-z02t6   1/1       Running   0          1d        172.30.36.6   kube2.local
```

Let's curl the things:

```shell
[vagrant@kube1 example1-nodeid]$ while true;do curl http://kube1.local:30200;done
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-g8hnq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-63vlp
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-v1xtd
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-p47lh
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-v1xtd
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-vbxht
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-z02t6
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-p47lh
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-b34wb
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-v1xtd
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-vbxht
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-z02t6
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-z02t6
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-63vlp
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-b34wb
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-wr0gj
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-slbcq
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-p47lh
The hostname is: example1-deployment-995804533-7cpjc

```
You can see that the request are being balanced through all nodes and instances of services we have.

## Removing ##
To clean up this mess just run

```shell
kubectl delete -f deploy.yaml
kubectl delete -f service.yaml
```

And then

```shell
vagrant@kube1 example1-nodeid]$ kubectl get all
NAME             CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
svc/kubernetes   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   1d
```

All done.


text:
How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role from the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe is a non-fiction historical book written by Thomas Cahill.

Cahill argues a case for the Irish people's critical role in preserving Western Civilization from utter destruction by the Huns and the Germanic tribes (Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Ostrogoths, etc.). The book presents Western history from the collapse of the Roman Empire and the pivotal role played by members of the clergy at the time. A particular focus is placed upon Saint Patrick. The book details his early struggles through slavery, mirroring much of the content in The Confession of Saint Patrick. Initial portions of the book examine Ireland before the arrivals of Patrick and Saint Augustine of Canterbury. Particular focus is placed upon Saint Columba, the monks he trained, and the monasteries he set up in the Hiberno-Scottish mission. These holy men, according to Cahill, "single-handedly refounded European civilization throughout the continent." (p. 4)

Publication and reception

How the Irish Saved Civilization was first published in March 1995 and appeared on the New York Times Bestseller List for almost two years.

It was favourably reviewed in many general-interest, quality newspapers and magazines. However, it also provoked criticism from other reviewers, some of whom offered qualified praise or outright rejections of the main thesis, and some of whom perceived bias.

References

External links

 How the Irish Saved Civilization book review by Father John McCloskey @CatholiCity

1995 non-fiction books
History books about Ireland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Der Alte Dorfsee (auch: Altdorfer See) ist ein See im Stadtgebiet von Krakow am See im Landkreis Rostock in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Er befindet sich vollständig im Naturpark Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heide.

Der See liegt etwa 1,7 Kilometer südwestlich des Krakower Stadtkerns. Die bebaute Fläche am Nordufer wird vorwiegend gewerblich genutzt. Am Ostufer verlaufen die Bahnstrecke Güstrow–Meyenburg und in geringem Abstand die Landesstraße 37. Südlich schließt sich eine Waldfläche an.

Das längliche Gewässer besitzt eine Größe von 25,4 Hektar und ist wenig gegliedert. Lediglich im Nordwesten ist eine Bucht ausgebildet. Die Nord-Süd-Ausdehnung des Sees beträgt 1140 Meter, die maximale Breite 325 Meter. Der Wasserspiegel liegt 49,9 m ü. NHN. Am im mittleren Abschnitt moorigen Westufer fließt dem Alten Dorfsee ein Graben aus dem Derliener See zu. Nach Norden fließt der Mühlenbach in Richtung Krakower See ab.

Während des Zweiten Weltkrieges bestand von 1943 bis 1945 am Altdorfer See ein KZ-Außenlager des KZ Ravensbrück, in dem 150 bis 200 weibliche Häftlinge lebten, die in den Getreidehallen Zwangsarbeit bei der Produktion von Flugzeugteilen für die Rostocker Heinkelwerke verrichten mussten. Sie waren in Baracken untergebracht, in denen nach dem Krieg Flüchtlinge lebten. Die Baracken wurden inzwischen abgerissen.

Einzelnachweise

Siehe auch
 Liste der Seen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Geographie (Krakow am See)
See im Landkreis Rostock
SAlter Dorfsee
See in Europa


text:
Tag Archives: Wells
Harry Evertt Warren
b. 2 September 1883, Orleans, Orange County, Indiana, to Jackson and Clara (Worrell) Warren
d. 25 October 1956, Pengree, Bingham County, Idaho
m. 5 January 1908, Sedan, Chautaugua County, Kansas
Mable Edith Wells
b. 22 March 1887, Kapioma Township, Atchison County, Kansas
d. 1 October 1925, Wildcat Township, Elk County, Kansas
Children with Mable Edith Wells:
• Zella Mae (b. 1909)
• Vivian Clara (b. 1911)
• Beryl Bernice (b. 1912)
• Mildren Jeanne (b. 1916)
• James Jackson (b. 1925)
Harry emigrated from Orange County, Indiana, in 1884.
LeAnne C. Wilson
Blue Springs MD
This entry was posted in Orange County and tagged Warren, Wells, Worrell on September 21, 2014 by oahblog.
Frank Howell Neeld
b. March 1881, New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana, to James W. and Catherine C. (Wells) Neeld
d. 1954, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio
m. 8 June 1903, New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana
Catherine Ethel Edmonds
b. 1884, Jeffersonville, Clark County, Indiana
d. 16 October 1958, Euclid, Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Children with Catherine Ethel Edmonds:
• Catherine
• Agnes
• Lou
• Frank
• Lawrence
• Helena
The family left New Albany, Indiana, in 1915.
Joel K. Waszak
Louisville CO
E-mail: jwaszak@mho.com
This entry was posted in Clark County, Floyd County and tagged Edmonds, Neeld, Wells on September 20, 2014 by oahblog.
John Webster Richison
b. 24 November 1837, Ohio, to John R. and Elizabeth (Cory) Richison
d. 20 April 1908, Muncie, Delaware, Indiana
bur. Beech Grove Cemetery, Muncie, Delaware, Indiana
m. 24 November 1859, Clark County, Ohio
Sarah Jane Ayars
b. 21 August 1840, Ohio, to Micajah Robbins and Margaret (Priest) Ayars
d. 3 June 1906, Muncie, Delaware, Indiana
Richison gravestone
John Webster Richison gravestone
Sarah Jane Ayars gravestone
Children of John Webster and Sarah Jane (Ayars) Richison:
George Andrew (1860-1940) married Cenith M. Schwyhart
Frank Albert (1862-1944) married Sarah Jane Davis
Silas Alva (1863-1917) never married
William Allen (1866-1936) married Sophy E. Wells
Charles Anthony, Sr. (1868-1944) married (1) Ardie Ellen Miles, (2) Emma Carolyn Green
Carrie Alice (1873-1944) married William A. Beard
Margaret Ann (1878-1965) married Ebenezer Sherman Secrest
Micajah Arthur (1882-1886)
John did not move to Indiana until sometime between 1870 and 1880. His mother had died in 1865 and by 1870 his father was living with John Webster. He relocated to Jay County first and taught school there for awhile. Later he moved his family to Delaware County, north of Muncie, where he spent his remaining years.
Shirley Richison Fields
Avon IN
E-mail: richison@me com
This entry was posted in Delaware County and tagged Ayars, Beard, Cory, Davis, Green, Miles, Priest, Richison, Schwyhart, Secrest, Wells on July 14, 2014 by oahblog.
Hezekiah Stout Denham
b. Fall 1802, Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee
d. 1 May 1886, Mount Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa
m/1. 30 June 1824, Harrison County, Indiana
Winney Little/Littell
b. 1 January 1803, Georgia, to Reuben and Elizabeth Covington (Gormley) Littell
d. 20 April 1863, Columbus City, Iowa
m/2. 1864
Harriet Silley
Eliza S. Culver
Children with Winney Little/Littell:
daughter (1825-1829)
Penelope Jane (b. ca 1829) married (1) David Macdonald Little, (2) Patrick Dennis
Ursula Milon (1831-1901) married (1) Eli Lemuel Wells, (2) Richard C. Wells
William Jasper (1832-1869) married Esther M. Jeffries
Hugh Little (1835-1889 married Caroline M. Blosser
Reuben M. (1837-1895) married (1) Abigail Warn, (2) Eleanor M. Sheriff-Smith
Obediah E. (1839-1905) married Lucy Orman
Hezekiah arrived in Indiana from Virginia with his parent about 1817. He lived and married in Harrison County, Indiana, leaving there for Iowa between 1835 and 1837. At least five of his seven children were born in Indiana.
He was a Justice of the Peace, minister for the United Brethren Church, a farmer, and a tailor of clothing for doctors. He made beautiful button holes and created many quilts from fabric scraps until about four years before his death in 1886. He was a smoke and once accidently burned down his own home.
Rosalie L. De Martino
E-mail: turtle4u@q.com
This entry was posted in Harrison County and tagged Blosser, Culver, Denham, Dennis, Gormley, Jeffries, Littell, Little, Orman, Sheriff, Silley, Smith, Warn, Wells on July 8, 2014 by oahblog.
b. 4 March 1821, Gill Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, to Benjamin and Priscilla (Ridgway) Wells
d. 14 August 1903, Sullivan County, Missouri
m/1. about 1845, Sullivan County, Indiana
Rebecca Landers
b. to James Landers
d. between 1846 and 1852
m/2. 2 August 1853, Wayne County, Iowa
Mariah Elizabeth Cook
b. 21 July 1835, to Alfred and Rebecca Cook
d. 21 March 1920, Sullivan County, Missouri
Children with Rebecca Landers:
James (1846-1917) married Malissa Redding
Children with Mariah Elizabeth Cook:
Mary Jane (1855-1930) married Murl Kerns
Rebecca Priscilla (1856-1937) married Jacob Henry Hatfield
Isaac Alexander (1858-1954) married (1) Nancy J. Duncan, (2) Mrs. Hannah Franklin
Nancy Caroline (1860-1932) married George Miller
Benjamin A (1862-1896) married Jane Ellen Evans
Henry Morton (1864-1941) married Mary Catherine "Mollie" Lewis
Jacob Thomas (1866-1931) married Margaret E. "Mag" Evans
Laura Belle (1869-1952) married Martin G. Smith
Joseph Marrion (1871-1972) married Nettie Ann McDonald
Emma Cordelia (1875-1936) married John Frederick "Fred" Petre
Mildred May "Mid" (1878-1935) married Lee Roy Riley
John's parents, Benjamin and Priscilla (Ridgway) Wells, married on 17 February 1813 in Bullett County, Kentucky. By the 1820 Federal Census, they were living in Gill Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, with five children. John was the sixth child of eight and the first born in Indiana.
After his first wife, Rebecca Landers, died, John took his young son and went to Iowa where he had a brother. He met and Married Mariah E. Cook and they moved across the border into Sullivan County, Missouri. They had eleven children with seven born in Missouri and four in Indiana (1856, 1862, 1864, and 1866). John told family members in later years that he made so many trips to Indiana and was so well known along the way that he could borrow cornmeal for bread making if the family supply got low and repay the lenders on his return trip.
They were in Indiana when the Civil War broke out and his 17 year old son, James, enlisted and served in Company H, 132nd Regiment, Indiana Infantry from 30 April 1864 to 7 September 1864. John is said to have been in the Home Guard during that time.
John was always a farmer. In later years he and Mariah settled in the small town of Pollock, Sullivan County, Missouri, in a house on land owned by his son Jake. John was a member of the Church of Christ and was instrumental in organizing the Church of Christ in Pollock. John was always a Republican while his father, Benjamin, was a strong Democrat who considered John a "black sheep." John was totally blind in the final years of his life. He is buried in the Pollock Cemetery and his grave is marked by a tall spire tombstone.
Submitted by: 5363
Dorothy L. (Wells) Van Cleef
E-mail: dwvancleef@aol.com
This entry was posted in Sullivan County and tagged Cook, Duncan, Evans, Franklin, Hatfield, Kerns, Landers, Lewis, McDonald, Miller, Petre, Redding, Ridgway, Riley, Smith, Wells on July 7, 2014 by oahblog.
Amos Windsor
b. 21 June 1801, Surry County, North Carolina, to Isaac and Anne (Riley) Windsor
d. 27 November 1873, Benton Harbor, Berrien County, Michigan
m/1. About 1823, probably Surry County, North Carolina
Mary McDaniel
b. 9 September 1805, Surry County, North Carolina
d. 1 August 1855, Lafayette Township, Allen County, Indiana
Anne Senner/Sonner
Children with Mary McDaniel:
Judah (b. ca. 1827) married John Bitner
Aquilla (ca. 1829 – aft. 1910) married Eleanor Bell
William R.
Frances married Elihu S. Wells
Mary M.
Amos, the youngest son of Isaac and Anne (Riley) Windsor of Yadkin County, North Carolina, lived a few years in Virginia after marrying Mary McDaniel. Before 1840, Isaac moved his family, including his two oldest children, Amos and Mary, to Rush County, Indiana, where his family increased to at least six children.
In late 1848, Amos purchased 80 acres in Lafayette Township of Allen County, Indiana, and was living there with Aquilla, William R., Frances, Elizabeth A., and Mary M. at the time of the 1850 census. Sometime between 1860 and 1870, Amos and his second wife moved to Benton Harbor, Berrien County, Michigan. Amos, a farmer, died there of typhoid fever, at the age of 72.
Gretel Smith
Garrett IN
E-mail: gsmith@epl.lib.in.us
This entry was posted in Allen County, Rush County and tagged Bell, Bitner, McDaniel, Riley, Senner, Sonner, Wells, Windsor on July 6, 2014 by oahblog.
William Allison Wood
b. 1 November 1860, Liberty, Henry County, Indiana, to Benjamin and Eugene (Hodgson) Wood
d. 29 December 1954, Osage County, Oklahoma
m. 28 February 1886, Wilson County, Kansas
Emma Jane Routh
b. 4 August 1866, Henry County, Indiana, to Milton and Elizabeth (Stanley) Routh
d. 5 August 1954, Osage County, Oklahoma
Children with Emma Jane Routh:
Ora Elizabeth (1887-1949) married Warren Cress
Della May (1888-1939) married Clifford Wells
Gladys (1891-1922) married Ray Rex
Rex (1893-1958) married Fannie Kamm
John Franklin (1897-1960) married Faye Cole
Moses (1895-1984) married Marie Kamm
Oval (1900-1972) married Bertha Clyde Edmundson
Pauline (June 1902-December 1902)
Dorothy (1904-1929) married Marion Hall
Oren Milam (1909-1950) married Margaret Fanning
William Wood's father emigrated from Ohio to Delaware County, Indiana, with his parents. After his parents died in 1875, the orphaned William lived with the Milton Routh family in Henry County, Indiana, and moved to Wilson County, Kansas, with them in 1880. In 1886,
William married the Routh's daughter Emma Jane.
Jean Wood Cobb
This entry was posted in Delaware County, Henry County and tagged Cole, Cress, Edmundson, Fanning, Hall, Hodgson, Kamm, Rex, Routh, Stanley, Wells, Wood on April 13, 2014 by oahblog.
James Harvey Wells
James Harvey "Harve" Wells
b. 31 May 1834, Clark County, Indiana, to James and Malinda (Owens) Wells
d. 13 July 1902, Sangamon County, Illinois
m. 8 July 1852, Sangamon County, Illinois
Margaret Jane Sackett
b. 25 December 1834, Sangamon County, Illinois
d. 20 February 1914, Salisbury, Sangamon County, Illinois
Children with Margaret Jane Sackett:
Levi Marion
Harriett Ellen
James Harvey
Richard R.
James was one of five children born to James and Malinda Wells. His father died in 1851 when James was just 16 or 17 years old, and his mother is said to have also died when James was young. James married at the young age of eighteen and started with little or nothing. Through hard work he became a large land owner in Sangamon County, Illinois.
Besides being a farmer, James was a musician with a beautiful tenor voice. To supplement the family income and buy land, he would sing and provide music for various events in the evenings and on weekends. His work caused him to travel so much that sometimes he would swim his horse a mile and even two across rivers and streams to avoid the longer distances roads presented.
James built a fine home near Salisbury, Illinois, with a spiral staircase right in the middle of the house. All the floors were of alternate pieces of ash and walnut. No boards with knots were acceptable. When his grandchildren would play in the basement, they would look up, looking for knots in the wood.
Sharon Hohimer
Chatham IL
This entry was posted in Clark County and tagged Owens, Sackett, Wells on April 13, 2014 by oahblog.
b. 4 April 1844, Putnam County, Indiana, to James and Sarah (Hotsapiller) Smith
d. 17 May 1923, Mayes County, Oklahoma
m. 1 February 1871, Spencer Township, Owen County, Indiana
b. 24 April 1851, Indiana, to Daniel and Phebe (Walker) Owen
d. 22 June 1901, Mayes County, Ohio
Children with Caroline Owen:
Luther (1872-1954) married (1) Lou Alice Dugger, (2) Pearl Wells
Millard (1876-1968) married (1) Samantha Greathouse, (2) Nellie Schooley
Dessie (1878-1957) married Robert Hope
Della (1881-1933) married William Lewis Greathouse
Effie (1882-1975) married Okley Osteen
Mable (b. 1885)
Orvil (1887-1975)
Nola (1889-1959) married Eudous Dugger
Esca Earl (1891-1927) married Varillah Gobble
Geneva Dugger Taylor
Ft. Gibson OK
This entry was posted in Owen County and tagged Dugger, Gobble, Greathouse, Hope, Hotsapiller, Osteen, Owen, Schooley, Smith, Walker, Wells on April 3, 2014 by oahblog.
Elizabeth Rarrick
b. 7 December 1784, New Jersey, to Henry and Elizabeth (Roods) Rarrick
d. 12 November 1877, Monticello, Jones County, Iowa
m/1. 26 March 1801, Morris County, New Jersey
John Morss/Mors
b. 25 June 1780, Cayuga County, New York, to Benjamin and Irena (Mead) Morss
Benjamin Crouch
b. about 1776, Massachusetts
d. 1856, probably St. Joseph County, Indiana
Children with John Morss:
Anna B. (1802-1829)
Henry D. (1803-1817)
Elizabeth (1806-1896) married Chauncy Mead
Benjamin (1808-1892) married Sophronia Mead
Simeon (b. 1811) married Jane Manliff
John (1813-1814)
David A. (1815-1909) married Moriah Carpenter
Daniel (1818-1903) married Sarah Nancy Milliken
Children with Benjamin Crouch:
Ephraim (1821-1845)
Eleazer (1824-1892) married (1) Lucinda Matthews, (2) Ann Maria Wells
Nathan (b. 1827) married Susan Tracy
Elizabeth was one of eight children. She moved to Monticello, Jones County, Iowa, where she resided with her daughter Elizabeth (Morss) Mead until her death.
Barbara Taylor Szabo
Osceola IN
This entry was posted in St. Joseph County and tagged Carpenter, Crouch, Manliff, Matthews, Mead, Milliken, Mors, Morss, Rarrick, Roods, Tracy, Wells on March 31, 2014 by oahblog.


text:
'use strict';

var bonanza = require('../src');
var util = require('../src/util.js');
var list = require('./list.json');

module.exports = function () {
  var container = bonanza(document.querySelector('#example5'), { templates: { itemLabel: function(obj) { return obj.firstName + ' ' + obj.lastName; } } }, request);

  container.on('change', function (input) {
    alert(JSON.stringify(input));
  });
};

function request(query, done) {
  console.info('Loading using query: ', query);
  setTimeout(function () {
    var items = list
      .filter(function (item) {
        return util.queryRegExp(query.search).test(item.firstName + ' ' + item.lastName);
      })
      .slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit);

    done(null,
     items);
  }, 300);
}


Inmate's friends and family members can call Correctional Billing Services (CBS) at 1-800-844-6591 to receive rate information, verify line status, remove blocks, establish debt accounts, pre-paid accounts and more. Inmate may also purchase phone time via their commissary account.
***All calls are subject to recording and monitoring at anytime!!!


It is well known that, as living beings, we all require water. Water is a basic need, and our relationships towards it in a variety of ways determine the quality of life on the entire planet. "FLOW: For Love of Water" is a documentary that focuses on this issue. As the main message of the film, the documentary portrays a realistic and honest picture of the modern world in relation to water and its consumption.
Opening with the quote by W. H. Auden, "Thousands have lived without love, none without water," ("FLOW: For the Love of Water") the direct message of the film is to bring awareness of the impact that modern social, political and economic infrastructures have on the natural resource and how much we're dependent on it.The documentary opens up with an image of India's Ganges telling the audience about the shocking statistic concerning water: "More than two million people die from water-borne diseases. Most of them are children, below five years of age" ("FLOW: For the Love of Water"). Switching to the next episode the audience becomes faced with the fact of global scope that we're simply running out of fresh water. "The United States doesn't keep the active record of how many people die from water every year. There're estimates of 500 000 to 7 million people gets sick from drinking tap water" ("FLOW: For the Love of Water").
One of the problems that exist in the context of contamination of water is many developed countries are forced to give away their control of their water systems to the multinational companies, such as Suez or Vivendi Environment, whose main concerned is only seen in financial benefit, which leads them to purposefully contaminate the water. The documentary concentrates viewer's attention around the different aspects of this global issue. Bolivia is one of the countries where a struggle for water control turned into horrific fight between the government and its citizens. In South African suburban area people are forced to drink water from the river, as they cannot afford the tap water or any means to clean the stream water. As it is told in the interview with the film's authorities, when private companies came to these lands, they were welcomed by people, as it seemed like they were going to invest into the installation of facilities that would enhance the quality of living, yet, in reality, what seemed to be a project aimed to support poor people, turned out into a political and economic scheme where rich try to earn more money on the poor.


Beirut: Two French journalists who were trapped in the besieged Syrian city of Homs were on Thursday evacuated to Lebanon, where the French government was preparing to fly them home.
At the same time, videos posted on the Internet showed that American journalist Marie Colvin and French photographer Remi Ochlik were buried in Homs, where they were killed eight days ago in shelling that also caught their two French colleagues.
Freelance reporter Edith Bouvier, whose femur was shattered during heavy shelling of Homs's rebel-held Baba Amro district, and photographer William Daniels were brought across the border into Lebanon by Syrian rebels, the French government said.
President Nicolas Sarkozy told reporters in Brussels, where he was attending a European summit, that he spoke to Bouvier by telephone shortly after their arrival and that a government plane would be sent to fly them to France.
The outside world has proved powerless to halt the killing in Syria, where repression of initially peaceful protests against the rule of President Bashar al-Assad.
They were the last foreign journalists reported stranded in Homs during the Syrian government assault, which pushed rebels out of their positions in the city on Thursday.
"Edith Bouvier and William Daniels are safely in Lebanon and will very shortly be under the protection of our embassy in Beirut," Sarkozy said.
Foreign ministry spokesman Bernard Valero said heavy snow in the area meant the group might not arrive in Beirut before Friday, but said the journalists were in "excellent spirits".
French embassy officials, including a doctor, had met the group at the border and found Bouvier's leg wound to be in a stable condition that meant she could fly home. A government plane would likely leave Paris in the morning, he said.
"They are en route from the Lebanese border to Beirut," Valero said. "Either they will reach Beirut tonight or they will stop on the way and set off again tomorrow morning. We are not too sure yet because the weather is bad."
The outside world has proved powerless to halt the killing in Syria, where repression of initially peaceful protests against the rule of President Bashar al-Assad has spawned an armed insurrection by army deserters and others.
Spanish journalist Javier Espinosa has also crossed from Syria into neighbouring Lebanon, activists said on Wednesday.
A day earlier, British photographer Paul Conroy, who was also wounded in the February 22 shelling, was smuggled into Lebanon by activists in an operation in which some of his rescuers were killed.
The attack on Baba Amro killed Ochlik, an award-winning photographer, and Colvin, a veteran Sunday Times war correspondent on Feb 22, five days before the date of the videos.
A man who appeared in the videos showed two bodies wrapped in white shrouds, marked with their names, and said they were buried because electricity cuts in the besieged city meant the bodies could no longer be prevented from decaying.
"Marie Colvin was martyred in Baba Amro because she was sending ... a humanitarian message, carrying the truth about what was happening in Baba Amro," said the man, wearing medic's clothes, surgical mask and a stethoscope.
French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe said that while he was "immensely happy" that Bouvier and Daniels had been brought to safety, his thoughts were also with the families of Ochlik, Colvin and all the Syrian victims of the attack.
"In my own name and on behalf of the French government, I very sincerely thank all those who, often risking their lives, made this outcome possible," he said in a statement.


This cleanser gently helps eliminate dandruff and assists in controlling scalp dermatitis and mild psoriasis. It's laboratory-tested and features Jason's own mix of dandruff control ingredients. This tender cleanser heals, moisturizes and soothes while at the same time it gets rid of flakes and calms itchiness. Its ingredients include MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) which helps rebalance and trains the scalp to help prevent any dandruff in the future. As well as treating and helping control dandruff it also excludes phthalates, SLS and parabens.
The Jason Dandruff Relief Treatment Shampoo - 355ml product ethics are indicated below. To learn more about these product ethics and to see related products, follow the links below.
An amazing shampoo. Works effectively and smells lovely too. Would 100% recommend this product!
The best shampoo I ever had!


It all starts with the murder of mobster Gino Fish. Peepers is back and he's looking to get even. With Gino Fish taken care of, Peepers is looking at Jesse Stone next. Jesse doesn't seem to be taking a hint though, which is not pleasing Peepers one little bit.
Stone has his own issues. His romance with former FBI agent Diana Evans is picking up, and he's pretty happy about that. His ex-wife, Jenn, is set to marry down in Dallas and really wants him to attend her wedding. He's reluctant, however, and can't understand why she's so insistent.
When it becomes clear that Peepers is back and planning his revenge, Stone decides he has no choice but to head to Dallas to keep Jenn safe.
I've never really delved into the Jesse Stone series, so I admit I did feel lost. The story itself is whole, but I felt as though I'd missed a lot of backstory into Stone and Peepers' relationship.
Robert B. Parker passed away in 2010. Reed Farrel Coleman is writing the Jesse Stone novels now. I can't say I loved the writing style. It does have that old-school crime novel feel, but it was full of trite repetition that bogged the story down for me. For instance, there's one section where it's said "his cheeks flushing with rage," and a couple lines later, it's repeated with "his face turned an ugly shade of red."
I liked the characters and loved the pacing, but the writing just wasn't my style. It's a book I enjoyed, but can't see myself wanting to own it.


text:
Abortion and crime: who should you believe?
By Steven D. Levitt
Two very vocal critics, Steve Sailer and John Lott, have been exerting a lot of energy lately trying to convince the world that the abortion reduces crime hypothesis is not correct. A number of readers have asked me to respond to these criticisms. First, let's start by reviewing the basic facts that support the Donohue-Levitt hypothesis that legalized abortion in the 1970s explains a substantial part of the crime decline in the 1990s:
1) Five states legalized abortion three years before Roe v. Wade. Crime started falling three years earlier in these states, with property crime (done by younger people) falling before violent crime.
2) After abortion was legalized, the availability of abortions differed dramatically across states. In some states like North Dakota and in parts of the deep South, it was virtually impossible to get an abortion even after Roe v. Wade. If one compares states that had high abortion rates in the mid 1970s to states that had low abortion rates in the mid 1970s, you see the following patterns with crime. For the period from 1973-1988, the two sets of states (high abortion states and low abortion states) have nearly identical crime patterns. Note, that this is a period before the generations exposed to legalized abortion are old enough to do much crime. So this is exactly what the Donohue-Levitt theory predicts. But from the period 1985-1997, when the post Roe cohort is reaching peak crime ages, the high abortion states see a decline in crime of 30% relative to the low abortion states. Our original data ended in 1997. If one updated the study, the results would be similar.)
3) All of the decline in crime from 1985-1997 experienced by high abortion states relative to low abortion states is concentrated among the age groups born after Roe v. Wade. For people born before abortion legalization, there is no difference in the crime patterns for high abortion and low abortion states, just as the Donohue-Levitt theory predicts.
4) When we compare arrest rates of people born in the same state, just before and just after abortion legalization, we once again see the identical pattern of lower arrest rates for those born after legalization than before.
5) The evidence from Canada, Australia, and Romania also support the hypothesis that abortion reduces crime.
6) Studies have shown a reduction in infanticide, teen age drug use, and teen age childbearing consistent with the theory that abortion will reduce other social ills similar to crime.
These six points all support the hypothesis. There is one fact that, without more careful analysis, argues against the Donohue-Levitt story:
7) The homicide rate of young males (especially young Black males) temporarily skyrocketed in the late 1980s, especially in urban centers like Los Angeles, New York City, and Washington, DC, before returning to regular levels soon thereafter. These young males who were hitting their peak crime years were born right around the time abortion was legalized.
If you look at the serious criticisms that have been leveled against the Donohue-Levitt hypothesis, virtually all of them revolve around this spike in homicide by young men in the late 1980s-early 1990s. (There are also some non-serious criticisms, which I will address below.) This is the point that Sailer is making, and also the point made far more rigorously by Ted Joyce in an article published in the Journal of Human Resources.
So, a reasonable thing to ask yourself is: Was there anything else going on in the late 1980s that might be causing young Black males to be killing each other at alarming rates that might be swamping the impact of legalized abortion over a short time period? The obvious culprit you might think about is crack cocaine. Crack cocaine was hitting the inner cities at exactly this time, disproportionately affecting minorities, and the violence was heavily concentrated among young Black males such as the gang members we write about in Freakonomics. So to figure out whether this spike in young Black male homicides is evidence against legalized abortion reducing crime, or even evidence legalized abortion causes crime, one needs to control for the crack epidemic to find the answer. This is the argument that I have been making for years. First in the Slate exchange with Steve Sailer back in 1999, then in the Donohue and Levitt response to Ted Joyce, and now in a recent paper by Roland Fryer, Paul Heaton, me, and Kevin Murphy.
The key points I mentioned in Slate five years ago in debating Sailer are reprinted below:
Your hypothesis that crack, not abortion, is the story, provides a testable alternative to our explanation of the facts. You argue:
The arrival of crack led to large increases in crime rates between 1985 and the early '90s, particularly for inner-city African-American youths. The fall of the crack epidemic left many of the bad apples of this cohort dead, imprisoned, or scared straight. Consequently, not only did crime fall back to its original pre-crack level, but actually dropped even further in a "overshoot" effect.
States that had high abortion rates in the '70s were hit harder by the crack epidemic, thus any link between falling crime in the '90s and abortion rates in the '70s is spurious.
If either assumption 1 or 2 is true, then the crack epidemic can explain some of the rise and fall in crime in the '80s and '90s. In order for your crack hypothesis to undermine the "abortion reduces crime" theory, however, all three assumptions must hold true.
So, let's look at the assumptions one by one and see how they fare.
1)Did the arrival of crack lead to rising youth crime? Yes. No argument from me here.
2) Did the decline in crack lead to a "boomerang" effect in which crime actually fell by more than it had risen with the arrival of crack? Unfortunately for your story, the empirical evidence overwhelmingly rejects this claim. Using specifications similar to those in our paper, we find that the states with the biggest increases in murder over the rising crack years (1985-91) did see murder rates fall faster between 1991 and 1997. But for every 10 percent that murder rose between 1985 and 1991, it fell by only 2.6 percent between 1991 and 1997. For your story to explain the decline in crime that we attribute to legalized abortion, this estimate would have to be about five times bigger. Moreover, for violent crime and property crime, increases in these crimes over the period 1985-91 are actually associated with increases in the period 1991-97 as well. In other words, for crimes other than murder, the impact of crack is not even in the right direction for your story.
3) Were high-abortion-rate states in the '70s hit harder by the crack epidemic in the '90s? Given the preceding paragraph, this is a moot point, because all three assumptions must be true to undermine the abortion story, but let's look anyway. A reasonable proxy for how hard the crack epidemic hit a state is the rise in crime in that state over the period 1985-91. Your theory requires a large positive correlation between abortion rates in a state in the '70s and the rise in crime in that state between 1985 and 1991. In fact the actual correlations, depending on the crime category, range between -.32 and +.09 Thus, the claim that high-abortion states are the same states that were hit hardest by crack is not true empirically. While some states with high abortion rates did have a lot of crack (e.g., New York and D.C.), Vermont, Kansas, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Washington were among the 10 states with the highest abortion rates in the '70s. These were not exactly the epicenters of the crack epidemic.
So, what is the final tally? Two of the key assumptions underlying your alternative hypothesis appear to be false: The retreat of crack has not led to an "overshoot" in crime, causing it to be lower than 1985, and even if it had, the states with high abortion rates in the '70s do not appear to be affected particularly strongly by the crack epidemic. Moreover, when we re-run our analysis controlling for both changes in crime rates from 1985 to 1991 and the level of crime in 1991, the abortion variable comes in just as strongly as in our original analysis.
Re-reading this response five years later, it still sounds pretty good to me. Interestingly, at the time, Sailer refused to respond directly to my arguments. His response in Slate completely side-stepped the fact that I had destroyed his core argument. He wrote, for instance, "…rather than mud wrestle in numbers here, I'll privately send you my technical suggestions. In this essay I'll step back and explain why this straightforward insight [that abortion reduces crime] might not work in practice." I should note that I am still waiting for those technical suggestions he promised to arrive!! And if you compare his Slate arguments to his "new" article in the American Conservative, you will see that his thinking has not progressed very far on the issue. In contrast, I spent two years working on that paper on crack cocaine, which provides hard, quantitative evidence in favor of those earlier conjectures I had made.
Now let's talk about John Lott for a minute. Along with John Whitley, he wrote a paper on abortion and crime. It is so loaded with inaccurate claims, errors and statistical mistakes that I hate to even provide a link to it, but for the sake of completeness you can find it here. Virtually nothing in this paper is correct, and it is no coincidence that four years later it remains unpublished. In a letter to the editor at Wall Street Journal, Lott claims that our results are driven by the particular measure of abortions that we used in the first paper. I guess he never bothered to read our response to Joyce in which we show in Table 1 that the results are nearly identical when we use his preferred data source. It is understandable that he could make this argument five years ago, but why would he persist in making it in 2005 when it has been definitively shown to be false? (I'll let you put on your Freakonomics-thinking-hat and figure out the answer to that last question.) As Lott and Whitley are by now well aware, the statistical results they get in that paper are an artifact of some bizarre choices they made and any reasonable treatment of the data returns our initial results. (Even Ted Joyce, our critic, acknowledges that the basic patterns in the data we report are there, which Lott and Whitley were trying to challenge.)
To anyone who actually made it this far, I applaud you for your patience. Let me simply end with an analogy. Let's say that we are living in a world in which global warming is taking place, but also a world in which El Nino occasionally leads to radical, short run disruptions in normal weather patterns. You wouldn't argue that global warming is false because for a year or two we had cold winters. You'd want to figure out what effect El Nino has on winter weather and then see whether controlling for El Nino it looks like global warming is taking place. The impact of legalized abortion on crime is a lot like global warming — it is slow and steady and grows a little year by year. Crack is like El Nino, it comes in with a fury and then largely disappears. That is why I have invested so much time and effort in understanding both abortion and crack, and why the criticisms made against the abortion-reduces-crime hypothesis to date have not been very compelling.


Spring has almost sprung, and we can hardly wait to get out of the apartment and out in the wilds of our backyards—or our friend's backyard. Regardless of how you get there, outdoor gatherings are always better with a friendly game of tic-tac-toe, especially when you're playing with giant Xs and Os. This beautiful set was designed by Jeremy Exley and is sure to bring the right amount of friendly competition to your next outdoor event.
The set is made from birch wood and finished with a rich protective stain. Each letter stands at 9.5″ in height, and includes a 4'x4′ grid, making it super easy to transform any open space into a massive tic-tac-toe board. Plus the set can be packed up and transported without hesitation in its custom carryall tote.
The sets are made in Minnesota and can be purchased on Uncommon Goods. Exley has also created giant yard dice if that's more your thing!