text:
What Your "Algorithmic Citizenship" Says About Your Web Habits
Forget passport stamps, browser plugin Citizen-Ex determines your online nationality to show how the internet really works.
Rafi Schwartz
image via citizen ex
Despite all the time we spend online, many—if not most—of us are woefully underinformed when it comes to the internet's basic structure. What, for example, do we mean when we say we're "visiting" a website? Can browsing the internet cause us to cross physical international boundaries, simply by clicking our way from site to site? How does our nationality affect the way we experience cyberspace, and, in turn, the way cyberspace regards us as users?
algorithmic citizenship citizen ex digital citizenship citizenship global citizenship
Announcing #100StartsWith1: 100 Little Ways to Change Your World in 100 Days
Changing your world is easier than you think. #100StartsWith1
Here at GOOD, we talk a lot about how important it is to be a global citizen—locally rooted, globally connected, inspired to make positive change. We're also fully aware that "making the world a better place" sounds like a really big challenge.
community action citizenship superfoods 100StartsWith1
500 Years Later, Portugal Offers Citizenship to Descendants of Expelled Jews
Portugal welcomes back the Sephardic Jews it drove out in 1492 as part of the Inquisition.
Tasbeeh Herwees
King Manuel I, responsible for expelling tens of thousands of Jews from Portugal. Image via Wikimedia Commons.
In 1492 King Manuel of Portugal, in an effort to forge stronger ties with Spain, drove out tens of thousands of Sephardic Jews, many of whom had settled there after being expelled from Spain during the Inquisition. Now, more than 500 years later, Portugal will grant citizenship to their ancestors. The Portuguese parliament is finally implementing a law it endorsed back in 2013 to give dual citizenship to anyone who can prove descendence from the Sephardic Jewish victims of the Portuguese inquisition.
jews portugal citizenship
How We Can Grow a Generation of Engaged Citizens
Every Story Has a Somewhere, and Maptia Lets You Share It
This App Makes It Easier for Immigrants to Become American Citizens
Permaculturalists and a Buddhist Monk Are Walking the Keystone XL Pipeline
The construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline's southern leg is underway in Oklahoma and Texas. Depending on your worldview, extracting oil is...
Davey Rogner
The construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline's southern leg is underway in Oklahoma and Texas. Depending on your worldview, extracting oil is either a boon for jobs and industry, or it's the most potent symbol of ecocide within industrial culture. Those who believe most strongly that climate change and freedom from oil are of the utmost concern for national security and energy independence have been putting their bodies and freedom on the line to blockade the building of the pipeline. Many others, whose lives are presently supported by the extraction of crude oil and natural gas in North America have been hard at work lobbying our government officials to permit the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline and to even charge these peaceful, but persistent activists as terrorists.
environment america news energy transportation walking cities citizenship travel


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Growlers Take The Rubber Match 3-2 Over The Railers Sunday Afternoon
Railers close home three-in-three weekend with four out of a possible six points
By Bill Ballou
WORCESTER, MASS – The Railers beat Newfoundland by a goal Saturday night, 4-3, and lost to the Growlers by a goal Sunday afternoon, 3-2.
Saturday night Worcester played before more than 8,700 fans. Sunday, the crowd was 3,231 — a nice one for Sunday afternoon — but it also included 51 goals, 58 assists and 109 total points of Railers forwards.
Cunniff rested veterans Jordan Lavallee-Smotherman and Bobby Butler as well as dynamic forwards Jacob Hayhurst and Cole Coskey. The team is about to embark on an inhuman eight-game road trip, one that has Worcester playing five games in six days starting Tuesday in Reading.
That gives the Railers one day off after finishing this 3 in 3.
"Every single game is important," Cunniff said. "We go by winning percentage so we can't afford to throw any games away. We have to try to win. That said, we brought in two guys to potentially give us depth this weekend."
With the keep-them-healthy scratches, Worcester's top goal scorer in the lineup was Blake Christensen. He scored the game's first goal, his 17th of the season.
They trailed, 3-1, heading into the third period and got a shot in the arm when Reece Newkirk scored at 3:11. He was set up by the two newcomers, Max Newton and Steve Jandric, both picking up their first professional points.
The third period was the best of the day for Worcester. The Railers had several good scoring chances after Newkirk's goal but Growlers' goaltender Hayden Lavigne was very good. He stopped Nolan Vesey on a breakaway at 5:40, made a great glove save on Anthony Repaci from 20 feet at 8:50 and snared Charlie Spetz' high wrister from the left at 13:30.
"I thought the guys really competed," Cunniff said of his lineup. "They gave us a chance."
The Railers will travel to Reading Monday and play a pair of Covid makeups there on Tuesday and Wednesday. Next weekend is another 3 in 3 with a pair of games in Glens Falls, then a Sunday one in Reading. Worcester will not play again at the DCU Center until April 6.
The newly signed Newton and Jandric are both 24, and made their pro debuts Sunday. Newton was 14-24-38 in 35 games this season and was signed to standard contract. Jandric was 8-20-28 in 34 games and is here on an Amateur Tryout.
Worcester scored the game's first goal, usually a good sign, but not this time.
Christensen got his 17th at 3:58, snapping a rebound past Lavigne. He was assisted by Ethan Price, notching his first professional point, and Mitchell Balmas. Christensen has been on fire. He has goals in four straight games totaling five, with three assists as well.
Balmas has seven points in seven games with Worcester.
Things deteriorated in the second part of the period, though.
Tristan Pomerleau put a 20-footer through Colten Ellis' 5-hole at 12:13, Orrin Centazzo scored on a rebound at 15:07 and Riley McCourt had a killer goal at 17:54 when he stuffed in a rebound from outside the left post.
That turned out to be all the Growlers needed, but just barely.
MAKING TRACKS_ Good to see Norm Benoit, the DCU Center Supervisor of Off-Ice Officials through the IceCats years and into the Sharks, at the game. … The Railers have only three more home games in the regular season but two are against Trois-Rivieres, so Sunday was not the last performance of "O, Canada" here. … Liam Coughlin remained on injured reserve along with Grant Jozefek. … Newfoundland leads Worcester all-time, 15-5-2. That includes 8-4-0 at the DCU Center. … The loss snapped the Railers' season-best winning streak at five. … The Growlers are Lavigne's fourth ECHL team this season and Sunday was his debut in a Newfoundland uniform.
https://railershc.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RL45907-rich-leblanc.jpg 648 1152 admin /_media/2021-22/logo.png admin2022-03-20 18:17:032022-03-20 18:17:27Growlers Take The Rubber Match 3-2 Over The Railers Sunday Afternoon
Worcester Railers HC Sign Forwards Max Newton and Steve Jandric Playoff Primer – March 21, 2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Halley's Comet becomes visible to the unaided eye about every 76 years as it nears the sun.
It certainly captures the imagination: a star passing silently by our solar system knocks a deadly barrage of comets towards Earth. However, recent simulations by one group of researchers has shown that these star-induced comet showers may not be as dramatic as once thought.
The idea of nearby stars influencing comets goes back to 1950, when the astronomer Jan Hendrik Oort hypothesized an invisible repository of comets - the so-called Oort cloud - swarming around the solar system out to a distance of 100,000 AU (one AU is the distance between the sun and the Earth).
Oort assumed that stars passing through the cloud would cause a fresh batch of comets to fall in towards the sun, where they become visible to astronomers. Such a disturbance could have long term effects.
"The comets we see now could be from a stellar passage hundreds of millions of years ago," said Hans Rickman of the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in Sweden.
However, Rickman and his colleagues have confirmed that star encounters alone cannot explain comet behavior. Using a computer model of the Oort cloud, they show that gravity effects from the galaxy are equally important. The results are reported in a recent article in the journal Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy.
Although Earth has almost certainly been hit by comets throughout its history, it is not all that clear how often that has happened. Much of the crater history on Earth has been erased because of erosion or tectonic activity. The remaining craters could have come from asteroids instead of comets.
"It's quite difficult to tell a comet-induced crater from an asteroid one, since the impactor gets essentially vaporized," Rickman said.
What our Milky Way Galaxy may look like from above, and the position of our star, the sun, within the galaxy. The gravitational influence of the galaxy may disrupt the Oort Cloud of comets that surrounds our solar system.
Comet impacts are, however, likely to be more energetic (and therefore more damaging), since comets are moving much faster than asteroids when they pass by Earth.
Comet orbits can be altered whenever another star comes within 10,000 AU of our sun. Such a close encounter - occurring every 100 million years or so - will not typically disturb asteroids or planets, but it definitely "shakes up the whole Oort cloud," Rickman said.
Most scientists have presumed that these star crossings will lead to a shower of comets raining down on the Earth and the rest of the inner solar system. Some have even claimed to find evidence of periodic mass extinctions that might be explained by a single (as-yet-unidentified) star in an elliptical orbit around the sun.
To study the effect of stellar perturbations, Rickman and his colleagues model the Oort cloud with a sample of one million comets (the true number of cloud comets is unknown, but certainly much higher). The simulations are allowed to run for a time period corresponding to the 5-billion-year age of the solar system.
The results show that stars can induce comet showers, but the contrast with non-shower periods is less than what people have thought before, Rickman said. This leveling out in comet activity is due to the influence of the gravitational field of the Milky Way.
Astronomers have known for some time that our galaxy's gravity has an influence on the Oort cloud. Specifically, the cloud experiences a tidal effect due to the fact that the gravitational field is stronger the closer one is to the plane of the galaxy.
The simulations by Rickman and colleagues show how the galactic tide constantly gives a small nudge to the cloud's comets. Some of these comets are in rather unstable orbits to begin with, so the slight push can send them on a sun-bound trajectory. Eventually, however, all these unstable comets are ejected from the solar system.
And this is where stellar encounters become important. They scramble the Oort cloud, so that the galactic tide has a new crop of unstable comets to funnel into the inner solar system.
"The general picture spawned by our results is that injection of comets from the Oort Cloud is essentially to be seen as a team work involving both tides and stars," the scientists write in their paper.
This star-tide collaboration keeps a relatively steady supply of comets zooming nearby, so the threat from comet impacts probably does not change much over time.
Comment: Have you read Cosmic Turkey Shoot?


The original Babyprints Keepsake. Our Babyprints Wall Frame is a must have for any new parent. This classic white wooden shadowbox frame includes everything you need to make your baby's hand or footprint and display it in your home. Just press their tiny hand or foot into the non-toxic, soft air-drying clay to capture the precious imprint, and place in the frame. Includes a reversible pink and blue background board, and beveled mat to display a 4" x 6" photo. This is a keepsake that will truly last a lifetime.


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Arctic Rising #2
Hurricane Fever
Tobias S. Buckell
223 ratings40 reviews
A storm is coming…. Introducing a pulse-pounding technothriller by the New York Times bestselling author of Arctic Rising
Prudence "Roo" Jones never thought he'd have a family to look after—until suddenly he found himself taking care of his orphaned teenage nephew. Roo, a former Caribbean Intelligence operative, spends his downtime on his catamaran dodging the punishing hurricanes that are the new norm in the Caribbean. Roo enjoys the simple calm of his new life—until an unexpected package from a murdered fellow spy shows up. Suddenly Roo is thrown into the center of the biggest storm of all.
Using his wits—and some of the more violent tricks of his former trade—Roo begins to unravel the mystery that got his friend killed. When a polished and cunning woman claiming to be murdered spy's sister appears, the two find themselves caught up in a global conspiracy with a weapon that could change the face of the world forever.
In Hurricane Fever, New York Times bestselling author Tobias Buckell (Arctic Rising, Halo: The Cole Protocol) has crafted a kinetic technothriller perfect for fans of action-packed espionage within a smartly drawn geo-political landscape. Roo is an anti–James Bond for a new generation.
GenresScience FictionThrillerFictionSpeculative FictionEspionageCrime
First published February 25, 2014
200 books390 followers
Born in the Caribbean, Tobias S. Buckell is a New York Times Bestselling author. His novels and over 50 short stories have been translated into 17 languages and he has been nominated for the Hugo, Nebula, Prometheus and John W. Campbell Award for Best New Science Fiction Author. He currently lives in Ohio.
a discussion


Description:Miette in elder blood, it's a very intense cosplay set. What can you expect from Cosplay Erotica? They do it the best and Miette is definitely the girl you want to fight with.
Miette Elder Top Galleries Cosplay erotica See free 15 pics of Cosplay girl Luxmyn in Cryokinesis by Girls of Desire.


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text:
LaKyoto
Fri, Nov 8, 2019 7:30 PM
"Bold, brazen and utterly mesmerising. LaKyoto are a four piece Electronic Pop band from Scotland's music capital, Edinburgh. With their debut single, "Runaway", the quartet caught the immediate intrigue of the city's top grassroots venues and promoters such as Off The Record, Wide Days and Scruff of the Neck.
Led by the mesmerising vocals of frontman Conor Joss, LaKyoto's material is a generous helping of hard hitting, electronic synth pop, akin to artists such as Everything Everything, The Naked and Famous & The Wombats.
After just a year in the public eye, LaKyoto were featured on Channel 4's Made in Chelsea: South of France among many other public broadcast opportunities like BBC Radio Scotland, numerous Amazing Radio playlists and Official Spotify Playlists including New Pop Revolution, HipTronix and New Music Friday greatly increasing their ever growing fanbase.
In late 2019, LaKyoto released their most successful single to date, "Invincible", featuring an infectious blend of jagged guitars, propulsive rhythms, quirky synths and irresistibly catchy choruses. LaKyoto's potential knows no bounds with new material expected to be . unleashed in the near future.
With a fiery passion and unique chemistry that translates perfectly from the studio into live performance, the four-piece have a hugely exciting summer ahead of them, with a number of shows and festivals lined up throughout 2019."


text:
7 hours ago, Velma said:
The number of deaths linked to Covid-19 in India has moved past the 300,000 mark, so with a population of 1,380,004,385 people, that is not a pandemic. (Someone else can work out the percentage.)
It's 0.0217 per cent.
5 hours ago, SimonTV said:
Looks ominous. Can't imagine your average soldier is too impressed with cold calling on British citizens.
Edited May 24, 2021 by Outsider
This Richie Allens take on Fullmich process, might puncture few balloons
No Nuremberg-Style Trials For Covid-19 Crimes Against Humanity | RichieAllen.co.uk
Lamp Of Truth
9 hours ago, Thoth001 said:
I really don't think you can change anyone's mind on this. You can give him information, but that is all you can do. Maybe it is part of his soul's purpose to experience getting these injections. Just give him all the info you can and if he don't want to hear it, then their is nothing you can really do. You know you tried to inform him though.
Trying to convert someone by confrontation and force feeding of information will have the opposite effect than what you intended, the other person will only become even more entrenched in their position. In fact I wouldn't even try and bring up the subject of covid by yourself, if someone starts the conversation then fine, drop in a few subtle comments that may cause some doubt and then leave it.
4 minutes ago, Outsider said:
They would follow orders off a cliff, most of them.
TwopackShugar
yeah im with simontv on this one, Soldiers worldwide dont have much of an idea of whats going on. ive been saying the same marines in america that denied the shot will act as the governments protectors in a martial law scenario carrying out there evil deeds.
10 minutes ago, Outsider said:
Hope you are right. I wonder what your average solider thinks of this so called pandemic.
Something else on the "Indian Variant".
The Mainstream Media are lying to you – India's Government confirms the "Indian Variant" does NOT exist
What you are seeing on your TV screen and reading in a newspaper about an alleged 'Indian Covid variant' is nothing more than propaganda and lies which are being used to maintain the level of fear that they have managed to invoke in the majority of people in the United Kingdom since March 2020. You are being deceived, and we can prove it thanks to India's Government.
On the 12th May 2021, India's 'Ministry of Health and Family Welfare' released a statement entitled "WHO has not associated the term 'Indian Variant' with B.1.617, now classified as Variant of Concern".
The statement read –
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1717876
Several media reports have covered the news of World Health Organisation (WHO) classifying B.1.617 as variant of global concern. Some of these reports have termed the B.1.617 variant of the coronavirus as an "Indian Variant".
These media reports are without any basis, and unfounded.
This is to clarify that WHO has not associated the term "Indian Variant" with the B.1.617 variant of the coronavirus in its 32 page document.
In fact, the word "Indian" has not been used in its report on the matter.
So why is it that every headline from the UK mainstream media at the moment concerns a Covid-19 variant known as the 'Indian Variant?'
https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/05/23/the-mainstream-media-are-lying-to-you-indias-government-confirms-the-indian-variant-does-not-exist/
I think it's because they wish to stir up more discord between ethnicities.
I've seen its success too, as 2 different people I know have made comments to me that made it clear they are lapping up the Indian Variant misinfo, because it feeds into their existing racial prejudice.
The deviousness of those responsible can never be over-estimated.
21 minutes ago, owen said:
Opinions are like arseholes, everyone's got one. I noticed Richie provided zero evidence of his claims and just alleged that these people are full of shit. Now he may have a point with Mr O'Bernicia, but I disagree when it comes to Fullmich.
It's not just the case he's running these matters at Court, it's the other people involved that are equally interesting. Delores Cahill is an amazing women and doing amazing work. I don't see why she would be involved if this was horse shit. Why would she do that?
Sorry Richie, but if you're going to make bold statements at least back it up with something more substantial than "it's complete bollocks". I'd hope that the Icke's have considered this before they posted of the matter last week on their website and since David has shat on the Q movement saying it's a psyop, then I'd be more than willing to bet that if this was the case with this guy then David would say it.
But then, one wonders why Richie has rarely to never interviewed David since they went their separate ways. Hmmmm, I wonder why that is? It could be complete bollocks, buy we'll never know......
3 hours ago, Tinfoil Hat said:
This is true.
Don't forget the financial aspect of it too.
Youngsters have longer lifespans (if they survive the jab) so lots of revenue to be spun from serial jabbing.
Am at work now so shouldn't be on here.
Even better, being paid to post on here!!!! Made me chuckle!!!
❣
But yes, on a serious note, it's the youngsters that I'm so so worried about.
I know Parents who said, "it's fine for grandparents (ie people in their 70s or 80s) but not for me, and certainly not for my children."
Then the poor grandparents get really ill.
But then they get it themselves due to idiocy or whatever.
So what is the fate of the children?
Plus, what if (when) they turn the schools into death jab centres, and do not care about/ bother to get consent from parents? Jab them anyway?
Here's a lolly, roll up your sleeve?
And what if that child then has serious side effects?
Who will be held to account?
This is exactly what I see happening in secondary schools in the UK from September.
7 minutes ago, TwopackShugar said:
I think the military has been involved in this pandemic from the start. We know they were involved in setting up the extra hospitals that were never used. As UK column pointed out a lot of the language coming out from the BCU ending up in the media is military terminology, like surge and deploying vaccines centers. Of course they all convinced that the virus is a real threat haha, how many are I don't know but they all fairy around in face masks haha.
(Sorry if posted already, but well worth a bump if so)
Interview with Prof Delores Cahill.
https://rumble.com/vhfbov-professor-dolores-cahill-says-that-mrna-vaccines-enhances-the-illness-and-t.html
Ziggy Sawdust
FFS!
8 minutes ago, Ziggy Sawdust said:
It's intolerable, this array of nitwits being paraded in front of the world talking unqualified BS!
I just hope it's turned round in my lifetime so that I can celebrate these non-entities getting their worthless arses booted to the back of the dole queue.
GOYK
just wanted to throw this out there.........
sewage plant testing for covid......
you can test fertility from sewage waste............
10 hours ago, Velma said:
"The Truth Will Set You Free." Who was it that said that, David Icke? Oh wait....
LOL'z I wonder where he got that saying from
8 minutes ago, GOYK said:
you may find this post on Crowhouse forum of interest .... or not mate!
https://thecrowhouse.community/viewtopic.php?p=2549#p2549
7 minutes ago, ink said:
who is it quoting...but it is interesting pal.
9 hours ago, whatthefoxhat said:
Boris' plans of rewilding by 2030 (everything needs to be done by 2030 for what end i'm unsure yet)
Satan has but a short time to do his worst before the Lord returns.
19 minutes ago, GOYK said:
Please don't throw that out there, sewage waste.
CosmoGenesis
Two work colleagues today talking, one says I got my first jab, the other says 'Nice one mate' while patting his arm.
Well done lads, you let Pfizer and Astra Zeneca rape you with their experimental concoction.
ON BLIND FAITH ALONE.
All you need to do is look at these two corps rap sheet to see how fuckin' shady they are.
Edited May 24, 2021 by CosmoGenesis
It is quoting a site that many do not like to go to .... and I comprehend why, but they have posted many interesting pages which are all backed up by citing sources!
That page is this:
https://forgottenlanguages-full.forgottenlanguages.org/2018/12/early-warning-pandemia-network-real.html
which at the bottom of the page has the sources .... but many get a 'bad' feeling even opening their site?
2 hours ago, Outsider said:
If the Armed Forces come to your door, ask them if they swore the Oath Of Allegiance; to be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Her Heirs and Successors and, as in duty bound, swear by Almighty God to give your loyalty to the United Kingdom and respect its rights and freedoms, uphold its democratic values. Did you swear to "observe its laws faithfully and fulfill your duties and obligations as a British citizen?" If they say "yes" then tell them to fuck off!
Edited May 24, 2021 by Velma
So, on the BBC, and seriously it's got to be true and really significant because.....
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-detection-dogs-trial-launches
and given that anal testing is a thing...


A note made after the WSET Systematic Approach to Tasting Wine.
Appearance: clear, deep garnet with fat legs.
Nose: Clean, medium (+) intensity and developing. Notes of black plums, sweet spice, ginger and cinnamon. Cooked cherries and sweet vanilla oak. Seems a bit rustic and not alle focused.
Palate: dry with medium (+) harsh tannins and medium (+) acidity. High alkohol, my guess 14,5% (label said 14%) Full body and very intens flavour characteristics.
Notes of plums, blackberries, blueberry, cooked marmelade. Oak vanilla, coconut and prune. Very long finish. Seems a bit hot in style, but with a firm tannic structure and balanced acidity. Hot alkohol in the finish that is not all positiv.
Conclusion: Very good, high price. My guess was off, on Australian Cabernet. I knew I was wrong and should have stuck with my strucure feeling saying more traditional area. Would I ever have guessed South West France? I don't think so.


As you already know, our Cafe serves delicious light bites, lunches and cakes, but it is also host to a monthly changing exhibition by members of MKSA – Milton Keynes Society of Artists.
The current exhibition runs until the end of January and includes works by local artists David Wells, Brenda Burch, Alan Chown and Jim Coggins to name just a few!
Pop in between 10am – 4pm Mon – Fri to check it out.


text:
La Nouba by Cirque du Soleil Will Host Its Final Disney Springs Performance This December
With over 8,500 performances to date, La Nouba by Cirque du Soleil has been a Disney Springsstaple for nearly twenty years. Since its inception in late 1998, the show has welcomed many new acts; the most recent additions include a duo of comedic clowns followed by a troupe of world-famous break dancers and a real-life couple skilled in the rarely-seen art of aerial bamboo. La Nouba has been seen by over 10 million guests and will continue to dazzle audiences with its breathtaking blend of daring acrobatics and dazzling choreography through 2017, with a final performance scheduled to take place on December 31, 2017.
With ten months to take in a show, you still have plenty of time to be mesmerized by the artistry of the talented La Nouba team. For additional details, including current offers, or to purchase tickets, click here or call 407-939-7600.
"We are incredibly proud of the success that La Nouba has had for nearly two decades," said Jerry Nadal, Senior Vice President of the Resident Shows Division for Cirque du Soleil. "We want to thank Walt Disney World Resort for a wonderful relationship over the years. We look forward to announcing what's next for Cirque du Soleil."
Wondering what's next? Given Disney's strong relationship with Cirque du Soleil over the years, there may be news soon about exciting entertainment coming to Disney Springs, according to Disney.
Author RayPosted on March 3, 2017 March 3, 2017 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags Cirque du Soleil, Disney Springs, La Nouba, Walt Disney World
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World-renowned Data Journalist Giannina Segnini taught Myanmar journalists how to access information about the government and private companies in the Southeast Asian country. Giannina is a Professor for Data Journalism at Columbia University in New York City and has been a regular trainer at the Interlink Academy for many years. Her training at the Myanmar Journalism Institute was her first in Myanmar. The participants came from the major private media outlets in Yangon.


A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary. Fences are generally distinguished from walls by the lightness of their construction and their purpose. Walls are usually barriers made from solid construction blocking vision as well as passage, while fences are used more frequently to provide visual sectioning of spaces.


Australia's bush food industry is growing, with produce such as finger limes, lemon myrtle and wattle seed in demand.
But Indigenous representation in the supply chain — from growers to farm managers and exporters — is less than 1 per cent, according to an ongoing research project.tup took longer than 30 seconds to complete.
Suzanne Thompson, chairwoman of the industry's peak group Australian Native Food and Botanicals, said the industry was working hard to address the disparity.
Mr Cooley, Director of Sydney Project Indigigrow said that there was huge potential, particularly in regional and remote regions, to empower Indigenous communities to develop food and tap into the unexplored market potential.
"Our people hold a lot of cultural knowledge about how to grow these plants and there is huge potential for communities to benefit from this," he said.
Ms Smith helped develop Australia's first bush food production course for Indigenous people at Wollongbar TAFE last year and said organisers were blown away by its popularity.
"The response was so encouraging," she said.
"Ideally we'd be looking at a number of hubs working closely with communities where products can be quality tested and distributed out to international and local markets," she said.
"There is a danger here that Indigenous knowledge and communities will be exploited and our people left on the ground while the big players take off with the increasing demand.
"The industry needs an injection of support and funding as soon as possible or we are going to miss out on this opportunity to support community and country.


text:
Home > Free Essays > Literature > Historical Fiction Comparison > Comparison of Night by Elie Weisel and Cry of the Beloved Country by Paton
Comparison of Night by Elie Weisel and Cry of the Beloved Country by Paton Compare and Contrast Essay
Updated: Jul 6th, 2020
Elie Wiesel's memoir Night gives a thought provoking account of the ruthless maltreatment of his family during the Holocaust by Nazi Germany. Wiesel was brought up in the mountains of the present day Romania and in 1944, at fifteen years old, his family was captured as part of a mission by the Germans to torture the Jews. Thereafter, Wiesel and his dad were detached from his youngest sister and mum at Auschwitz.
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All the family members died in different circumstances leaving the young Wiesel behind. Alan Paton's novel Cry, the Beloved Country, is a commanding, spare, poetic modern classic that protests against the structures of the South African society that would lead to apartheid in the 1940s. The novel tells the story of Reverend Stephen Kumalo who undertakes the difficult and expensive journey to Johannesburg from the remote village of Ndotsheni (Paton, 1).
He makes the journey in order to find his wayward son, Absalom, and assist her sick daughter, Gertrude. In as much as the two novels are distinct, they portray the same thematic link: good and evil in the society.
To begin with, both the two novels give a portrayal of social breakdown and racial injustice in the society. The society represented in Cry, the Beloved Country, is unjust, segregated along racial lines in which the white people have assumed ownership of the most profitable farmland from the black people.
For that reason, blacks have been compelled to migrate from their tribal villages to try to find work in cities like Johannesburg. In the cities, white businesses rely so much on the labor provided by the blacks, for which they work for subsistence wages.
Since the blacks have been forced to leave their traditional social structures such as adherence to morals and reverence for the elderly in the society, social breakdown has inevitably followed. Because the blacks left the traditional social structures that lent stability to their lives, the crime rate among the blacks is increasing at a fast pace.
The novel Night, by Elie Wiesel, also portrays the theme of social breakdown and racial injustice in the society. The Nazi's captured and killed so many Jews after forcing them to endure treacherous situations. Wiesel notes, "Without passion, without haste, they slaughtered their prisoners" (4). Their oppressors did not even spare the weak among them.
The Nazis purposely withheld proper means of transport and forced the Jews to travel in cattle cars to the concentration camps. By doing this, they placed their voiceless prisoners on the same level as the animals. Therefore, this undermined the significance of the Jewish existence, dehumanized them, and belittled their self-esteem.
The novel depicts instances of the breakdown of the Jewish social structures. Wiesel witnessed occasions when sons turned against their fathers by abusing them, abandoning them, or fighting with them. The Jews themselves abandoned the traditional social structures that lent stability to their lives when they started turning against each other in the concentration camps. In addition to the kapos, who were also Jews, they never treated each other as brothers and sisters.
Even though the two novels give an illustration of extreme social injustices, they also have a human heart. In Cry, the Beloved Country, the sense of despondency is envisaged by the likelihood of reunion amongst the races and the blacks coming together once again.
Even in the evil parts of the book, bright spots wherein individuals show human love to each other, not considering the race, are evident in the story. For instance, a white man offers free transport to blacks who were on foot because of a bus boycott. Another show of human heart is whereby Kumalo and Jarvis desperately search for their sons to reconcile with them. Although Kumalo finally discovered that his son had changed to an evil man, he endured the ordeal of the trial with him until he was sentenced to death.
Jarvis is depicted to have undergone a change of heart when he tried to reconcile with his dead son through his writings that he had left behind. In the book, Paton seems to imply that societal change is possible if it can start to be effected from people's heart. The novel upholds that such change is possible in the future.
In Night, instances of compassion, as depicted by the relationship between Elie and his father, are evident. In the concentration camps, Elie did not want to give up because he never wanted to leave his father alone since they had been separated from the other family members.
A number of kinships portrayed in the novel are very different from that of Eli and his father in that the sons abuse, abandon, mistreat or kill their fathers. During the Holocaust, the Jews changed dramatically because there was scarcity of food and everyone was struggling for his or her own survival.
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Amidst the cruelty and selfishness that ruptured familial bonds, Elie showed compassion to his father. This strong bond between the father and the son illustrates that Eli's compassion and solidarity are stronger forces for his continued existence than his instinct for self-protection.
In Night, Eli seeks to find an answer to the questions he was having, but there is silence and he seems to get no answer. Eli asks, "Where is God?" but there is no divine response. He failed to understand why God could permit such a torture to be experienced by devout worshippers. Another type of silence in the book is seen when the Jews failed to resist the oppression that they underwent during the Holocaust.
On the other hand, in Cry, the Beloved country, Kumalo is able to get answers to the questions he was having. Even though he was going through tough times, his only solace came from faith in God. The trial of his son shook his faith but never broke it. He spent most of his time in prayer in order to get the answers from God. Unlike Eli's case, Kumalo was able to find comfort from fellow compatriots.
These two books are so rich, so proficient in describing the trouble, the dissatisfaction, and the unbelievable misery in a torn planet. Understanding the past is important when one wants to understand the future. Therefore, these novels remain relevant in our current society.
Currently, the world is full of various atrocities that parallel the situation in South Africa before apartheid and the oppression of the Jews during the Holocaust. In spite of these violence and gloom, the novels remind us that we have the power to change the world. Everyone has the potential to do good. Although the novels are set in different parts of the world, they indicate that at times good can prevail over evil or on the contrary, evil prevailing over good.
Paton, Alan. Cry, the Beloved Country. New York: Scribner, 1948. Print.
Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York: Hill & Wang, 1960. Print.
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"Night" by Elie Wiesel
"Dawn" by Elie Wiesel
Forms of Illegal and Extra-Legal Collective Action
Understanding of God - "Night" by Elie Wiesel
Forms of Illegal Collective Action in Chicago
Holocaust Experience in the Book 'Night' by Elie Wiesel
The Relation between Eliezer and His Father in Night by Elie Wiesel
"Night" by Elie Wiesel
Eliezer's Faith in God - "Night" by Elie Wiesel Literature Analysis
David Mccullough's 1776 Book Review [Analysis Essay]
Analysis of the reading experience for the "Framing Class"
Comparing and contrasting "The Tyger" by William Blake with "Traveling through the Dark" by William Stafford
Othello and Snow Country: Personal Opinion
The Long Voyage by Jorge Semprun
Literature	Historical Fiction Comparison
Key Facts about 'Night'
Paris, 1950s
Serious, Personal, Intimate
World War II and Holocaust,
Loyalty,
Struggle to Keep Faith in God,
Father-son Relationships
Eliezer, Moché the Beadle
Night, Fire, Violin, The Image in the Mirror
Time, Tradition, Animalism
When news of the Soviet army's approach reaches the camp, the Nazis force the prisoners on a death march. Eliezer survives, but his father dies
Extra Facts
1) The memoir has been translated into more than 30 languages and has become a staple in high school and college libraries across the US
2) Elie Wiesel received the Nobel Peace Prize for his humanitarianism


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Project acronym EDeN
Project Ependymal cell Development: New insight into neurological diseases
Researcher (PI) Nathalie Anne Spassky
Summary Understanding how billions of neurons are born, migrate and integrate into functional circuits has proved useful in elucidating the pathomechanisms of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Multiciliated ependymal cells have attracted less interest and their development is still enigmatic. However, their strategic location at the interface between brain ventricles and parenchyma and their unique morphology and functions strongly suggest that defects in the generation of these cells may be associated with a variety of severe neurological disorders. Multiciliated ependymal cells are epithelial cells that line all brain ventricles. The coordinated and oriented beating of their cilia is crucial for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles and the migration of new neurons. These cells also provide physical and trophic support that creates a permissive neurogenic environment in the adult. We have shown that elongated bipolar radial glial cells transform into ependymal cells at late embryonic stages through mechanisms that remain largely to be explored. The overall objective of this grant application is to develop a new line of research to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in ependymal cell development. We will use a multidisciplinary approach involving mouse molecular genetics, biophysical approaches, ex-vivo culture systems and advanced live cell imaging to investigate: i) the mechanisms that direct the transformation of RGC into ependymal cells; ii) the mechanisms of centriole amplification in ependymal cell progenitors; iii) how developing ependymal cells contribute to ventricular morphogenesis and adult neurogenesis. This ambitious project will pave the way for the identification of new therapeutic targets for a variety of neurological disorders.
Understanding how billions of neurons are born, migrate and integrate into functional circuits has proved useful in elucidating the pathomechanisms of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Multiciliated ependymal cells have attracted less interest and their development is still enigmatic. However, their strategic location at the interface between brain ventricles and parenchyma and their unique morphology and functions strongly suggest that defects in the generation of these cells may be associated with a variety of severe neurological disorders. Multiciliated ependymal cells are epithelial cells that line all brain ventricles. The coordinated and oriented beating of their cilia is crucial for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles and the migration of new neurons. These cells also provide physical and trophic support that creates a permissive neurogenic environment in the adult. We have shown that elongated bipolar radial glial cells transform into ependymal cells at late embryonic stages through mechanisms that remain largely to be explored. The overall objective of this grant application is to develop a new line of research to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in ependymal cell development. We will use a multidisciplinary approach involving mouse molecular genetics, biophysical approaches, ex-vivo culture systems and advanced live cell imaging to investigate: i) the mechanisms that direct the transformation of RGC into ependymal cells; ii) the mechanisms of centriole amplification in ependymal cell progenitors; iii) how developing ependymal cells contribute to ventricular morphogenesis and adult neurogenesis. This ambitious project will pave the way for the identification of new therapeutic targets for a variety of neurological disorders.
Project acronym ELECTRONOPERA
Project Electron dynamics to the Attosecond time scale and Angstrom length scale on low dimensional structures in Operation
Researcher (PI) Anders Mikkelsen
Summary We will develop and use imaging techniques for direct probing of electron dynamics in low dimensional structures with orders of magnitude improvements in time and spatial resolution. We will perform our measurements not only on static structures, but on complex structures under operating conditions. Finally as our equipment can also probe structural properties from microns to single atom defects we can directly correlate our observations of electron dynamics with knowledge of geometrical structure. We hope to directly answer central questions in nanophysics on how complex geometric structure on several length-scales induces new and surprising electron dynamics and thus properties in nanoscale objects. The low dimensional semiconductors and metal (nano) structures studied will be chosen to have unique novel properties that will have potential applications in IT, life-science and renewable energy. To radically increase our diagnostics capabilities we will combine PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy and attosecond XUV/IR laser technology to directly image surface electron dynamics with attosecond time resolution and nanometer lateral resolution. Exploring a completely new realm in terms of timescale with nm resolution we will start with rather simple structure such as Au nanoparticles and arrays nanoholes in ultrathin metal films, and gradually increase complexity. As the first group in the world we have shown that atomic resolved structural and electrical measurements by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy is possible on complex 1D semiconductors heterostructures. Importantly, our new method allows for direct studies of nanowires in devices. We can now measure atomic scale surface chemistry and surface electronic/geometric structure directly on operational/operating nanoscale devices. This is important both from a technology point of view, and is an excellent playground for understanding the fundamental interplay between electronic and structural properties.
We will develop and use imaging techniques for direct probing of electron dynamics in low dimensional structures with orders of magnitude improvements in time and spatial resolution. We will perform our measurements not only on static structures, but on complex structures under operating conditions. Finally as our equipment can also probe structural properties from microns to single atom defects we can directly correlate our observations of electron dynamics with knowledge of geometrical structure. We hope to directly answer central questions in nanophysics on how complex geometric structure on several length-scales induces new and surprising electron dynamics and thus properties in nanoscale objects. The low dimensional semiconductors and metal (nano) structures studied will be chosen to have unique novel properties that will have potential applications in IT, life-science and renewable energy. To radically increase our diagnostics capabilities we will combine PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy and attosecond XUV/IR laser technology to directly image surface electron dynamics with attosecond time resolution and nanometer lateral resolution. Exploring a completely new realm in terms of timescale with nm resolution we will start with rather simple structure such as Au nanoparticles and arrays nanoholes in ultrathin metal films, and gradually increase complexity. As the first group in the world we have shown that atomic resolved structural and electrical measurements by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy is possible on complex 1D semiconductors heterostructures. Importantly, our new method allows for direct studies of nanowires in devices. We can now measure atomic scale surface chemistry and surface electronic/geometric structure directly on operational/operating nanoscale devices. This is important both from a technology point of view, and is an excellent playground for understanding the fundamental interplay between electronic and structural properties.
Project acronym ENDOFOOD
Project Neurocircuitry of endocannabinoid regulation of food intake
Researcher (PI) Giovanni Marsicano
Summary Few tasks executed by the brain hold greater survival and adaptive value than keeping us fed and in adequate nutritional state. The regulation of energy metabolism represents a prototypical homeostatic system, with the brain acting as the central coordinator. Any alteration of these mechanisms can lead to pathological states threatening the survival of the individual. The main brain region regulating food intake behaviour is the hypothalamus. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), formed by cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and the enzymatic machinery for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids is centrally involved in the regulation of food intake. This project aims at defining the mechanisms of the ECS-mediated control of food intake. We will reach the following goals: 1.We will generate advanced genetic tools allowing conditional deletion, rescue and overexpression of ECS elements. The integrated use of these tools will lead to the detailed mapping of the brain neurocircuitries where the ECS controls food intake. 2.We will provide strong evidence pointing to differential functions of the ECS in food intake, depending on the specific circuits activated. 3.We will determine which endocannabinoid(s) are involved in specific aspects of food intake. 4.We will detail the electrophysiological impact of the ECS on the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating food intake. 5.We will identify novel biochemical mechanisms, linking the ECS to hypothalamic neuronal activity, mitochondrial functions and regulation of food intake. This project has the ambitious aim to explore new scientific avenues and to provide "in depth" knowledge on the neuronal mechanisms regulating ingestive behaviour in mammals. The results of this project will pave the way to novel lines of research for the physiology and pharmacology of the ECS in the control of energy balance.
Few tasks executed by the brain hold greater survival and adaptive value than keeping us fed and in adequate nutritional state. The regulation of energy metabolism represents a prototypical homeostatic system, with the brain acting as the central coordinator. Any alteration of these mechanisms can lead to pathological states threatening the survival of the individual. The main brain region regulating food intake behaviour is the hypothalamus. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), formed by cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and the enzymatic machinery for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids is centrally involved in the regulation of food intake. This project aims at defining the mechanisms of the ECS-mediated control of food intake. We will reach the following goals: 1.We will generate advanced genetic tools allowing conditional deletion, rescue and overexpression of ECS elements. The integrated use of these tools will lead to the detailed mapping of the brain neurocircuitries where the ECS controls food intake. 2.We will provide strong evidence pointing to differential functions of the ECS in food intake, depending on the specific circuits activated. 3.We will determine which endocannabinoid(s) are involved in specific aspects of food intake. 4.We will detail the electrophysiological impact of the ECS on the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating food intake. 5.We will identify novel biochemical mechanisms, linking the ECS to hypothalamic neuronal activity, mitochondrial functions and regulation of food intake. This project has the ambitious aim to explore new scientific avenues and to provide "in depth" knowledge on the neuronal mechanisms regulating ingestive behaviour in mammals. The results of this project will pave the way to novel lines of research for the physiology and pharmacology of the ECS in the control of energy balance.
Project acronym ENDOSWITCH
Project Network Principles of Neuroendocrine Control: Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine (TIDA) Oscillations and the Regulation of Lactation
Researcher (PI) Carl Christian Broberger
Summary The hypothalamus is essential for our survival and orchestrates every vital function of the body, from defence against predators and energy metabolism to reproduction. Yet, the network mechanisms underlying these actions remain largely hidden in a black box . Here, we will focus on the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system, where we have identified a novel robust network oscillation in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons that control prolactin release. This oscillation is synchronized between neurons via gap junctions, and phasic firing is transformed into tonic discharge by compounds that functionally oppose neuroendocrine dopamine actions. Using this novel preparation, we will investigate the 1) the cellular (conductance) and network (connectivity) mechanisms underlying TIDA rhythmicity; 2) how TIDA activity is affected by hormones and transmitters that affect lactation; 3) the functional significance of phasic vs. tonic discharge in the regulation of dopamine release and lactation; and 4) the generality of TIDA cellular and network properties to other parvocellular neuron populations. These questions will be addressed through several in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological techniques, including slice whole-cell recording, extracellular in vivo recording, voltammetry and optical recording. These experiments will provide novel insight into the link between network interactions and behaviour, and have important clinical implications for e.g. endocrine and reproductive disorders.
The hypothalamus is essential for our survival and orchestrates every vital function of the body, from defence against predators and energy metabolism to reproduction. Yet, the network mechanisms underlying these actions remain largely hidden in a black box . Here, we will focus on the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system, where we have identified a novel robust network oscillation in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons that control prolactin release. This oscillation is synchronized between neurons via gap junctions, and phasic firing is transformed into tonic discharge by compounds that functionally oppose neuroendocrine dopamine actions. Using this novel preparation, we will investigate the 1) the cellular (conductance) and network (connectivity) mechanisms underlying TIDA rhythmicity; 2) how TIDA activity is affected by hormones and transmitters that affect lactation; 3) the functional significance of phasic vs. tonic discharge in the regulation of dopamine release and lactation; and 4) the generality of TIDA cellular and network properties to other parvocellular neuron populations. These questions will be addressed through several in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological techniques, including slice whole-cell recording, extracellular in vivo recording, voltammetry and optical recording. These experiments will provide novel insight into the link between network interactions and behaviour, and have important clinical implications for e.g. endocrine and reproductive disorders.
Project acronym EnergyMemo
Project Dynamic Interplay between Energy and Memory
Researcher (PI) Thomas Jules Henri PREAT
Summary Understanding the links between neuronal plasticity which underlies memory and energy metabolism is a major goal of brain studies. The brain is a main energy consumer and the central regulator of energy homeostasis, and it prioritizes its own supply over peripheral organs. Interestingly, our work demonstrates that the brain is also able to regulate its own activity under energy shortage to favor survival. The EnergyMemo project proposes to perform in drosophila an original integrated study of the interplay between energy metabolism and olfactory memory at the molecular, cellular and circuit levels. On the ground of important preliminary results, we will investigate in vivo how and why the energy flux increases during long-term memory encoding, and how brain plasticity is regulated by the energy supply. We will focus on three major challenges: * Objective 1: to improve our understanding of brain physiology, we will characterize in drosophila neuronal circuits that integrate information about the brain energy status. * Objective 2: to understand how abnormal levels of energy can affect the brain, we will analyze how the energy level shapes the functioning of the olfactory memory center. * Objective 3: to characterize how energy stores are mobilized during memory formation, we will investigate how the neuronal and glial networks interact to manage the energy fluxes. This multidisciplinary project will benefit from our team's longstanding experience in behavioral studies and leadership in live brain imaging, in addition to the unmatched descriptive power of drosophila neuronal circuits at the single-neuron resolution. Successful completion of this program will surely uncover mechanisms of brain function conserved across species, and should bring-up new ideas about how deregulation of energy metabolism can affect cognitive functions in human. Thus the EnergyMemo project could have a major impact in neuroscience from fundamental research to human applications.
Understanding the links between neuronal plasticity which underlies memory and energy metabolism is a major goal of brain studies. The brain is a main energy consumer and the central regulator of energy homeostasis, and it prioritizes its own supply over peripheral organs. Interestingly, our work demonstrates that the brain is also able to regulate its own activity under energy shortage to favor survival. The EnergyMemo project proposes to perform in drosophila an original integrated study of the interplay between energy metabolism and olfactory memory at the molecular, cellular and circuit levels. On the ground of important preliminary results, we will investigate in vivo how and why the energy flux increases during long-term memory encoding, and how brain plasticity is regulated by the energy supply. We will focus on three major challenges: * Objective 1: to improve our understanding of brain physiology, we will characterize in drosophila neuronal circuits that integrate information about the brain energy status. * Objective 2: to understand how abnormal levels of energy can affect the brain, we will analyze how the energy level shapes the functioning of the olfactory memory center. * Objective 3: to characterize how energy stores are mobilized during memory formation, we will investigate how the neuronal and glial networks interact to manage the energy fluxes. This multidisciplinary project will benefit from our team's longstanding experience in behavioral studies and leadership in live brain imaging, in addition to the unmatched descriptive power of drosophila neuronal circuits at the single-neuron resolution. Successful completion of this program will surely uncover mechanisms of brain function conserved across species, and should bring-up new ideas about how deregulation of energy metabolism can affect cognitive functions in human. Thus the EnergyMemo project could have a major impact in neuroscience from fundamental research to human applications.
Project acronym ENIGMO
Project "Gut microbiota, innate immunity and endocannabinoid system interactions link metabolic inflammation with the hallmarks of obesity and type 2 diabetes"
Researcher (PI) Patrice Daniel Cani
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN
Summary "Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by metabolic inflammation and an altered endocannabinoid system (eCB) tone. We have provided evidence that gut microbiota modulate both intestinal and adipose tissue eCB system tone. Insulin resistance and inflammation have been linked to microbiota-host interaction via different Toll-Like Receptors (TLR's). Our preliminary data show that tamoxifen-induced epithelial intestinal cells deletion of the key signalling adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88), that encompass most of the TLR's, protect mice against diet-induced obesity and inflammation. A phenomenon closely linked with changes in the intestinal eCB system tone and antimicrobial peptides production. Moreover, we discovered that the recently identified bacteria living in the mucus layer, namely Akkermansia muciniphila, plays a central role in the regulation of host energy metabolism by putative mechanisms linking both the intestinal eCB system and the innate immune system. Thus these preliminary data support the existence of unidentified mechanisms linking the innate immune system, the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In this high-risk/high-gain research program, we propose to elucidate what could be one of the most fundamental processes shared by different key hallmarks of obesity and related diseases. A careful and thorough analysis of the molecular and cellular events linking gut microbiota, the innate immune system and eCB system in specific organs has the potential to unravel new therapeutic targets. We anticipate the key role of MyD88 and the enzyme NAPE-PLD (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase-D) involved in the synthesis of N-acylethanolamines family to be key determinant in such pathophysiological aspects. Thus, these approaches could provide different perspectives about disease pathogenesis and knowledge-based evidence of new therapeutic options for obesity and associated metabolic disorders in the future."
"Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by metabolic inflammation and an altered endocannabinoid system (eCB) tone. We have provided evidence that gut microbiota modulate both intestinal and adipose tissue eCB system tone. Insulin resistance and inflammation have been linked to microbiota-host interaction via different Toll-Like Receptors (TLR's). Our preliminary data show that tamoxifen-induced epithelial intestinal cells deletion of the key signalling adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88), that encompass most of the TLR's, protect mice against diet-induced obesity and inflammation. A phenomenon closely linked with changes in the intestinal eCB system tone and antimicrobial peptides production. Moreover, we discovered that the recently identified bacteria living in the mucus layer, namely Akkermansia muciniphila, plays a central role in the regulation of host energy metabolism by putative mechanisms linking both the intestinal eCB system and the innate immune system. Thus these preliminary data support the existence of unidentified mechanisms linking the innate immune system, the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In this high-risk/high-gain research program, we propose to elucidate what could be one of the most fundamental processes shared by different key hallmarks of obesity and related diseases. A careful and thorough analysis of the molecular and cellular events linking gut microbiota, the innate immune system and eCB system in specific organs has the potential to unravel new therapeutic targets. We anticipate the key role of MyD88 and the enzyme NAPE-PLD (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase-D) involved in the synthesis of N-acylethanolamines family to be key determinant in such pathophysiological aspects. Thus, these approaches could provide different perspectives about disease pathogenesis and knowledge-based evidence of new therapeutic options for obesity and associated metabolic disorders in the future."
Project acronym EpiFAT
Project Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adipose Tissue Function and Energy Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
Researcher (PI) Nicolas Adrien Michaël VENTECLEF
Summary Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction leading to the onset of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanisms underlying the development of obesity and T2D include the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipocytes and adipose tissue inflammation together with an altered secretion of adipokines. However, the explanation of why individual obese (and some non-obese) humans differ in their susceptibility to develop T2D is still an issue that is currently not sufficiently addressed. This susceptibility to T2D is mainly associated with environmental factors. One link between environment and disease is epigenetics influencing gene expression and subsequently organ dysfunction. Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue have been proposed to influence the susceptibility to T2D. However, the epigenomic mechanisms underpinning adipose tissue dysfunction are poorly known. In search for epigenomic modifiers that control adipose tissue function and also impact on T2D pathogenesis, we have recently identified the transcriptional coregulators GPS2 (G-Protein Pathway Suppressor 2) and KDM6B (Histone Lysine Demethylase 6B, also called JMJD3) as strong candidates. Our hypothesis is that the clinically documented dysregulation of GPS2 (down) and KDM6B (up) expression and function during obesity leads to the closely linked epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming of adipocytes and adipose tissue-macrophages, thereby enhancing the susceptibility to metabolic and inflammatory disturbances and the progression towards T2D. We propose here to test this hypothesis using the combination of unique mouse models, genome-wide molecular and epigenomic analyses and human studies to dissect the epigenomic functions of GPS2 and KDM6B in adipose tissue, aiming at identifying mechanism involved in the development T2D. Thereby, we anticipate the discovery of novel epigenomic targets for future prevention and treatment strategies in metabolic dysfunction.
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction leading to the onset of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanisms underlying the development of obesity and T2D include the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipocytes and adipose tissue inflammation together with an altered secretion of adipokines. However, the explanation of why individual obese (and some non-obese) humans differ in their susceptibility to develop T2D is still an issue that is currently not sufficiently addressed. This susceptibility to T2D is mainly associated with environmental factors. One link between environment and disease is epigenetics influencing gene expression and subsequently organ dysfunction. Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue have been proposed to influence the susceptibility to T2D. However, the epigenomic mechanisms underpinning adipose tissue dysfunction are poorly known. In search for epigenomic modifiers that control adipose tissue function and also impact on T2D pathogenesis, we have recently identified the transcriptional coregulators GPS2 (G-Protein Pathway Suppressor 2) and KDM6B (Histone Lysine Demethylase 6B, also called JMJD3) as strong candidates. Our hypothesis is that the clinically documented dysregulation of GPS2 (down) and KDM6B (up) expression and function during obesity leads to the closely linked epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming of adipocytes and adipose tissue-macrophages, thereby enhancing the susceptibility to metabolic and inflammatory disturbances and the progression towards T2D. We propose here to test this hypothesis using the combination of unique mouse models, genome-wide molecular and epigenomic analyses and human studies to dissect the epigenomic functions of GPS2 and KDM6B in adipose tissue, aiming at identifying mechanism involved in the development T2D. Thereby, we anticipate the discovery of novel epigenomic targets for future prevention and treatment strategies in metabolic dysfunction.
Project acronym EpiTALL
Project Dynamic interplay between DNA methylation, histone modifications and super enhancer activity in normal T cells and during malignant T cell transformation
Researcher (PI) Pieter Van vlierberghe
Summary Dynamic interplay between histone modifications and DNA methylation defines the chromatin structure of the humane genome and serves as a conceptual framework to understand transcriptional regulation in normal development and human disease. The ultimate goal of this research proposal is to study the chromatin architecture during normal and malignant T cell differentiation in order to define how DNA methylation drives oncogenic gene expression as a novel concept in cancer research. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases and was originally identified as a highly aggressive tumor entity. T-ALL therapy has been intensified leading to gradual improvements in survival. However, 20% of pediatric and 50% of adult T-ALL cases still relapse and ultimately die because of refractory disease. Research efforts have unravelled the complex genetic basis of T-ALL but failed to identify new promising targets for precision therapy. Recent studies have identified a subset of T-ALLs whose transcriptional programs resemble those of early T-cell progenitors (ETPs), myeloid precursors and hematopoietic stem cells. Importantly, these so-called ETP-ALLs are characterized by early treatment failure and an extremely poor prognosis. The unique ETP-ALL gene expression signature suggests that the epigenomic landscape in ETP-ALL is markedly different as compared to other genetic subtypes of human T-ALL. My project aims to identify genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications in genetic subtypes of human T-ALL as a basis for elucidating how DNA methylation drives the expression of critical oncogenes in the context of poor prognostic ETP-ALL. Given that these ETP-ALL patients completely fail current chemotherapy treatment, tackling this completely novel aspect of ETP-ALL genetics will yield new targets for therapeutic intervention in this aggressive haematological malignancy.
Dynamic interplay between histone modifications and DNA methylation defines the chromatin structure of the humane genome and serves as a conceptual framework to understand transcriptional regulation in normal development and human disease. The ultimate goal of this research proposal is to study the chromatin architecture during normal and malignant T cell differentiation in order to define how DNA methylation drives oncogenic gene expression as a novel concept in cancer research. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases and was originally identified as a highly aggressive tumor entity. T-ALL therapy has been intensified leading to gradual improvements in survival. However, 20% of pediatric and 50% of adult T-ALL cases still relapse and ultimately die because of refractory disease. Research efforts have unravelled the complex genetic basis of T-ALL but failed to identify new promising targets for precision therapy. Recent studies have identified a subset of T-ALLs whose transcriptional programs resemble those of early T-cell progenitors (ETPs), myeloid precursors and hematopoietic stem cells. Importantly, these so-called ETP-ALLs are characterized by early treatment failure and an extremely poor prognosis. The unique ETP-ALL gene expression signature suggests that the epigenomic landscape in ETP-ALL is markedly different as compared to other genetic subtypes of human T-ALL. My project aims to identify genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications in genetic subtypes of human T-ALL as a basis for elucidating how DNA methylation drives the expression of critical oncogenes in the context of poor prognostic ETP-ALL. Given that these ETP-ALL patients completely fail current chemotherapy treatment, tackling this completely novel aspect of ETP-ALL genetics will yield new targets for therapeutic intervention in this aggressive haematological malignancy.
Project acronym EPITOR
Project NEUROBIOLOGY OF EPILEPSY GENES
Researcher (PI) Stephanie Baulac
Summary Ion channel genes have long been linked to Mendelian focal epilepsies, but my recent finding of frequent mutations in DEPDC5 opens completely new perspectives. DEPDC5 is an inhibitor of the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, the master regulator of cell proliferation and growth. Mutations of this gene are found in a wide spectrum of focal epilepsy syndromes, with or without cortical malformations. I propose to examine the links between DEPDC5 and the mTORC1 pathway in cortical development and the genesis of epileptic activity. My proposal work will combine high-throughput sequencing, in vivo proteomics, biochemistry, electrophysiology, and animal behavior testing (video-EEG). Functional analyses will be made on human postoperative tissue and neuronal cultures from human iPSC and specific rodent models. These approaches will enable me to (1) ask if and how the mTORC1 signaling pathway may contribute to epileptogenesis and seizures in patients with DEPDC5 mutations, (2) attempt to explain the diversity of phenotypes, in particular the presence of cortical lesion by searching for somatic brain mutations in the gene, (3) explore neurobiology pathways and partners of DEPDC5, and (4) identify novel actors for inherited focal epilepsies. Our results will help us understand the genesis of epileptic networks, and more generally how defects in mTORC1 signaling cascade cause neurologic conditions. We anticipate genetic studies on germline and somatic mutations will have a significant clinical impact for genetic counseling and improved prognosis. The molecules and pathways that will be studied in this proposal differ completely from ion channels and receptors that have been so far associated with focal epilepsies. Thus I hope to provide a new orientation for the field, to identify novel genetic mechanisms and to provide an unbiased route to new molecular therapeutic targets.
Ion channel genes have long been linked to Mendelian focal epilepsies, but my recent finding of frequent mutations in DEPDC5 opens completely new perspectives. DEPDC5 is an inhibitor of the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, the master regulator of cell proliferation and growth. Mutations of this gene are found in a wide spectrum of focal epilepsy syndromes, with or without cortical malformations. I propose to examine the links between DEPDC5 and the mTORC1 pathway in cortical development and the genesis of epileptic activity. My proposal work will combine high-throughput sequencing, in vivo proteomics, biochemistry, electrophysiology, and animal behavior testing (video-EEG). Functional analyses will be made on human postoperative tissue and neuronal cultures from human iPSC and specific rodent models. These approaches will enable me to (1) ask if and how the mTORC1 signaling pathway may contribute to epileptogenesis and seizures in patients with DEPDC5 mutations, (2) attempt to explain the diversity of phenotypes, in particular the presence of cortical lesion by searching for somatic brain mutations in the gene, (3) explore neurobiology pathways and partners of DEPDC5, and (4) identify novel actors for inherited focal epilepsies. Our results will help us understand the genesis of epileptic networks, and more generally how defects in mTORC1 signaling cascade cause neurologic conditions. We anticipate genetic studies on germline and somatic mutations will have a significant clinical impact for genetic counseling and improved prognosis. The molecules and pathways that will be studied in this proposal differ completely from ion channels and receptors that have been so far associated with focal epilepsies. Thus I hope to provide a new orientation for the field, to identify novel genetic mechanisms and to provide an unbiased route to new molecular therapeutic targets.
Project acronym EQuO
Project Electron Quantum optics in quantum Hall edge channels
Researcher (PI) Gwendal Feve
Summary Quantum effects have been studied on photon propagation in the context of quantum optics since the second half of the last century. In particular, using single photon emitters, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics were explored by manipulating single to few photons in Hanbury-Brown and Twiss and Hong Ou Mandel experiments. In nanophysics, there is a growing interest to translate these concepts of quantum optics to electrons propagating in nanostructures. Single electron emitters have been realized such that single elementary electronic excitations can now be manipulated in the analog of pioneer quantum optics experiments. Electron quantum optics goes beyond the mere reproduction of optical setups using electron beams, as electrons, being interacting fermions, differ strongly from photons. Contrary to optics, understanding the propagation of an elementary excitation requires replacing the single body description by a many body one. The purpose of this proposal is to specifically explore the emergence of many body physics and its effects on electronic propagation using the setups and concepts of electron quantum optics. The motivations are numerous: firstly single particle emission initializes a simple and well controlled state. I will take this unique opportunity to test birth, life and death scenarii of Landau quasiparticles and observe the emergence of many-body physics. Secondly, I will address the generation of entangled few electrons quantum coherent states and study how they are affected by interactions. Finally, I will attempt to apply electron quantum optics concepts to a regime where the ground state itself is a strongly correlated state of matter. In such a situation, elementary excitations are no longer electrons but carry a fractional charge and obey fractional statistics. No manipulation of single quasiparticles has been reported yet and the determination of some quasiparticle characteristics, such as the fractional statistics remains elusive.
Quantum effects have been studied on photon propagation in the context of quantum optics since the second half of the last century. In particular, using single photon emitters, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics were explored by manipulating single to few photons in Hanbury-Brown and Twiss and Hong Ou Mandel experiments. In nanophysics, there is a growing interest to translate these concepts of quantum optics to electrons propagating in nanostructures. Single electron emitters have been realized such that single elementary electronic excitations can now be manipulated in the analog of pioneer quantum optics experiments. Electron quantum optics goes beyond the mere reproduction of optical setups using electron beams, as electrons, being interacting fermions, differ strongly from photons. Contrary to optics, understanding the propagation of an elementary excitation requires replacing the single body description by a many body one. The purpose of this proposal is to specifically explore the emergence of many body physics and its effects on electronic propagation using the setups and concepts of electron quantum optics. The motivations are numerous: firstly single particle emission initializes a simple and well controlled state. I will take this unique opportunity to test birth, life and death scenarii of Landau quasiparticles and observe the emergence of many-body physics. Secondly, I will address the generation of entangled few electrons quantum coherent states and study how they are affected by interactions. Finally, I will attempt to apply electron quantum optics concepts to a regime where the ground state itself is a strongly correlated state of matter. In such a situation, elementary excitations are no longer electrons but carry a fractional charge and obey fractional statistics. No manipulation of single quasiparticles has been reported yet and the determination of some quasiparticle characteristics, such as the fractional statistics remains elusive.


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HomeStatisticsFilmstarsDominic Purcell Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Dominic Purcell Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Dominic Purcell Quick Info
Girlfriend AnnaLynne McCord
Dominic Purcell is a British-born Australian actor who is popular for playing Lincoln Burrows in Prison Break (2005–2009; 2017) and Mick Rory / Heat Wave in The Flash (2014-2016) as well as Legends of Tomorrow (2016-Present). He has more than 2 million followers on Instagram and more than 3 million followers on Facebook.
Dominic Haakon Myrtved Purcell
Dominic Purcell as seen in April 2020 (Dominic Purcell / Instagram)
Wallasey, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom
British, Australian
Father – Phil Myrtvedt
Mother – Mary "Maureen" Purcell
Siblings – Damian Purcell (Younger Brother), Jaime Purcell (Younger Brother), Patrick Purcell (Younger Brother), Marie-Therese Purcell (Younger Sister)
6 ft 1 in or 185.5 cm
Girlfriend / Spouse
Dominic has dated –
Rebecca Williamson (1997-2008) – Dominic was married to Rebecca Williamson from August 1, 1998, until their divorce in 2008. Their marriage produced son Joseph Purcell (b. August 12, 1999), daughter Audrey Purcell (b. January 30, 2001), and twins Lily-Rose Purcell and Augustus Purcell (b. July 7, 2003).
Brooke Burns (2008)
AnnaLynne McCord (2011-2014; 2015-2018; 2020-Present)
Jodhi Meares (2019)
Dominic and AnnaLynne McCord posing together in 2020 (AnnaLynne McCord / Instagram)
He has Irish ancestry on his mother's side and is of Norwegian, French, and English descent on his father's side.
However, he frequently shaves his head.
Elaborate tattoos on both his arms
Angular jawline
Dominic Purcell Favorite Things
Season Of Prison Break – Season 1
Source – YouTube
(From left to right) Robert Knepper, Sarah Wayne Callies, Dominic Purcell, and Wentworth Miller (Gage Skidmore / Wikimedia / CC BY-SA 2.0)
Dominic Purcell Facts
His celebrity doppelgängers are Jeffrey Dean Morgan and Nick Lachey.
Hugh Jackman was one of his classmates at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts.
Dominic has British, Australian, and Irish citizenship.
While shooting for Prison Break in 2016, an iron bar accidentally fell on his head causing serious head injuries and nasal fractures that required emergency treatment.
He has appeared as Mick Rory / Heat Wave in TV shows like The Flash, Arrow, Supergirl, and Legends of Tomorrow.
Featured Image by Dominic Purcell / Instagram
Jasmin Savoy Brown Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
E.S.G. Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Kapil Talwalkar Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics


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Q: awk: cmd. line:1: { print \$9} : syntax error I am trying to run the following command to get the "gis" & "cpu" usage from shell script. However when i try to run this command even manually, then i am getting the below error.
Any senior/expert please help on this.
$ top -b | head -n 8 | grep -w gis | awk '{ print \$9}'
awk: cmd. line:1: { print \$9}
awk: cmd. line:1:         ^ backslash not last character on line
awk: cmd. line:1: { print \$9}
awk: cmd. line:1:         ^ syntax error

$ top -b | head -n 8 | grep -w gis | awk '{ print \$10}'

# Same error i am getting for second command as well.

A: You don't need to escape the $. You are using single quotes, so the shell won't interpolate the $9. If you were using double quotes, you would need to escape it.
So, you have to...
top -b | head -n 8 | grep -w gis | awk '{ print $9}'

or
top -b | head -n 8 | grep -w gis | awk "{ print \$9}"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: R Merging XTS time series causing duplicate time of day I've never found an efficient way to solve a problem I've encountered every time I try to combine different sources of time series data. By different sources, I mean combining say a data source from the internet (yahoo stock prices) with say a local csv time series.
yahoo.xts  # variable containing security prices from yahoo
local.xts  # local time series data
cbind(yahoo.xts,local.xts)  # combine them

The result is as follows:

I get a combined xts data frame with different time for a given date. What I want is ignore the time for a given day and align them. The way I've been solving this problem is to extract the two separate sources of data's index and converting using as.Date function and then re-wrapping them as xts object. My question is if there is another better more efficient way that I missed.
Note: I am unsure how to provide a good example of a local data source to give you guys a good way to replicate the problem but the following is a snippet of how to get data from online.
require(quantmod)
data.etf = env()
getSymbols.av(c('XOM','AAPL'), src="av", api.key="your-own-key",from = '1970-01-01',adjusted=TRUE,
            output.size="full",env = data.etf,  set.symbolnames = T, auto.assign = T)
yahoo.xts = Cl(data.etf$XOM)

Heres some data:
Yahoo:
structure(c(112.68, 109.2, 107.86, 104.35, 104.68, 110.66), class = c("xts",
"zoo"), .indexCLASS = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), tclass = c("POSIXct",
"POSIXt"), .indexTZ = "America/Chicago", tzone = "America/Chicago", index = structure(c(1508457600,
1508716800, 1508803200, 1508889600, 1508976000, 1509062400), tzone = "America/Chicago", tclass = c("POSIXct",
"POSIXt")), .Dim = c(6L, 1L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, "XIV"))

Local structure:
structure(c(0.176601541324807, -0.914132074513824, -0.0608652702022332,
-0.196679777210441, -0.190397155984135, 0.915313388202916, -0.0530280808936784,
0.263895885521142, 0.10844973759151, 0.0547864992300319, 0.0435149080877898,
-0.202388932508539, 0.0382888645282672, -0.00800908217028123,
-0.0798424223984417, 0.00268898461896916, 0.00493307845560457,
0.132697099147406, 0.074267173330532, -0.336299384720176, -0.0859815663679892,
-0.0597168456705514, -0.0867777000321366, 0.283394650847026,
-0.0100414455118704, 0.106355723615723, -0.0640682814821423,
0.0481841070155836, -0.00321273561708742, -0.13182105331959), .indexCLASS = c("POSIXct",
"POSIXt"), tclass = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), .indexTZ = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), tzone = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), class = c("xts",
"zoo"), na.action = structure(1L, class = "omit", index = 1080540000), index = structure(c(1508475600,
1508734800, 1508821200, 1508907600, 1508994000, 1509080400), tzone = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), tclass = c("POSIXct",
"POSIXt")), .Dim = c(6L, 5L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("D.30",
"D.60", "D.90", "D.120", "D.150")))

A: If you understand the sources of your problem, perhaps you can avoid the problem in the first place.
Your problem is that the 19:00:00 stamps in your printed results correspond to UTC dates (as at 12AM UTC) converted to "America/Chicago" POSIXct timestamps, when the merge happens.
As you've pointed out, one solution is to make new xts time indexes which are all of date format.  But it does get annoying.  It's best to avoid the situation in the first place, if you can, otherwise you have to resort to changing the date time series to a POSIXct time series with appropriate timezones.
The key thing you need to understand when you have misaligning xts objects with date data (or more precisely, what you think is date data), is that the time zones are not aligning in the objects.  If the timezones are aligning in the time indexes of your xts objects, then you will get the correct merging without the undesirable behaviour.  Of course, date objects don't have timezones, and by default they will be given the timezone "UTC" if they are merged with xts objects with time indexes of type POSIXct.
# reproduce your data (your code isn't reproducible fully for me:

require(quantmod)
data.etf = new.env()
getSymbols(c('XOM','AAPL'), src="yahoo", api.key="your-own-key",from = '1970-01-01',adjusted=TRUE,output.size="full",env = data.etf,  set.symbolnames = T, auto.assign = T)
yahoo.xts = Cl(data.etf$XOM)

z <- structure(c(0.176601541324807, -0.914132074513824, -0.0608652702022332,
                 -0.196679777210441, -0.190397155984135, 0.915313388202916, -0.0530280808936784,
                 0.263895885521142, 0.10844973759151, 0.0547864992300319, 0.0435149080877898,
                 -0.202388932508539, 0.0382888645282672, -0.00800908217028123,
                 -0.0798424223984417, 0.00268898461896916, 0.00493307845560457,
                 0.132697099147406, 0.074267173330532, -0.336299384720176, -0.0859815663679892,
                 -0.0597168456705514, -0.0867777000321366, 0.283394650847026,
                 -0.0100414455118704, 0.106355723615723, -0.0640682814821423,
                 0.0481841070155836, -0.00321273561708742, -0.13182105331959), .indexCLASS = c("POSIXct",
                                                                                "POSIXt"), tclass = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), .indexTZ = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), tzone = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), class = c("xts",
                                                                                "zoo"), na.action = structure(1L, class = "omit", index = 1080540000), index = structure(c(1508475600,
                                                                                1508734800, 1508821200, 1508907600, 1508994000, 1509080400), tzone = structure("America/Chicago", .Names = "TZ"), tclass = c("POSIXct",
                                                                                "POSIXt")), .Dim = c(6L, 5L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("D.30",
                                                                                "D.60", "D.90", "D.120", "D.150")))

#inspect the index timezones and classes:
> class(index(z))
# [1] "POSIXct" "POSIXt"
> class(index(yahoo.xts))
# [1] "Date"

indexTZ(z)
# TZ
# "America/Chicago"
indexTZ(yahoo.xts)
# [1] "UTC"

You can see that yahoo.xts is using a date class.  When this is merged with a POSIXct class (i.e. with z, it will be converted to the "UTC" timestamp.
# Let's see what happens if the timezone of the yahoo.xts2 object is the same as z:
yahoo.xts2 <- xts(coredata(yahoo.xts), order.by = as.POSIXct(as.character(index(yahoo.xts)), tz = "America/Chicago"))

str(yahoo.xts2)
An 'xts' object on 1970-01-02/2017-10-27 containing:
    Data: num [1:12067, 1] 1.94 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.96 ...
- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
..$ : NULL
..$ : chr "XOM.Close"
Indexed by objects of class: [POSIXct,POSIXt] TZ: America/Chicago
xts Attributes:
    NULL

u2 <- merge(z,yahoo.xts2)
tail(u2)
class(index(u2))
# [1] "POSIXct" "POSIXt"

tail(u2, 3)
# D.30        D.60        D.90       D.120        D.150 XOM.Close
# 2017-10-25 -0.1966798  0.05478650 0.002688985 -0.05971685  0.048184107     83.17
# 2017-10-26 -0.1903972  0.04351491 0.004933078 -0.08677770 -0.003212736     83.47
# 2017-10-27  0.9153134 -0.20238893 0.132697099  0.28339465 -0.131821053     83.71

Everything is as expected now.
A shortcut that you might find useful is to this:
z3 <- as.xts(as.data.frame(z), dateFormat="Date")
tail(merge(z3, yahoo.xts))

# D.30        D.60         D.90       D.120        D.150 XOM.Close
# 2017-10-20  0.17660154 -0.05302808  0.038288865  0.07426717 -0.010041446     83.11
# 2017-10-23 -0.91413207  0.26389589 -0.008009082 -0.33629938  0.106355724     83.24
# 2017-10-24 -0.06086527  0.10844974 -0.079842422 -0.08598157 -0.064068281     83.47
# 2017-10-25 -0.19667978  0.05478650  0.002688985 -0.05971685  0.048184107     83.17
# 2017-10-26 -0.19039716  0.04351491  0.004933078 -0.08677770 -0.003212736     83.47
# 2017-10-27  0.91531339 -0.20238893  0.132697099  0.28339465 -0.131821053     83.71

Convert to a data.frame, then convert back to an xts with the appropriate parameter setting : dateFormat="Date".  Now you are working with an xts object with a time index that is of type date with no timezone issues:
class(index(merge(z3, yahoo.xts)))
#[1] "Date"