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what it's worth & where to sell
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Where to Sell Sheet Music and How Much is it Worth?
Want to sell your sheet music, but aren't sure where to sell it? How much is old sheet music worth? Flipsy.com has the answers
A Flipsy customer recently asked us where they could sell a large collection of sheet music. We didn't readily have all the answers, so we promised to investigate. Our initial research led us to even more questions: Who buys sheet music? Are there websites that specialize in sheet music? How much is sheet music worth? The answers to these questions and more are listed below.
We reached out to experts to answer your questions about valuating and selling sheet music. We do this as a service to introduce who we are: experts in finding a place to sell your phone. Use Flipsy to find your phone's value plus get offers from more than 20 stores who compete to pay top dollar. Stores are trust verified, offer free shipping and pay within a few days of receiving your phone. Best wishes and thanks for visiting! Find your phone's value
A primer on sheet music identification
It's important to know exactly what sheet music you have before you try to sell it. First printings and vintage sheet music can be more valuable than reprints and modern sheet music, for example. Pricing, publisher address, and copyright date will help you identify your sheet music (eBay).
Sheet music printed in the early-to-mid 19th century typically did not include price symbols on the cover; instead, a star-shaped diagram was printed on the lower part of the title page with a number such as 2½, 3, or 4 – which denoted 25 cents, 30 cents, and 40 cents, respectively
The copyright date, followed by later dates, denotes a reprint: "© 1920, 1975, 2015"
Publisher address zip codes weren't used until 1962-1963, so sheet music that doesn't include a zip code in the publisher's address was likely published prior to those years
Beginning in 1993, sheet music began bearing ISMNs – International Standard Music Numbers – which serve as unique identifiers for each publishing. ISMNs are similar to the ISBNs of the book world.
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Sheet music comes in three sizes, according to Antiques Roadshow Insider:
11 X 14 inches (printed prior to 1918)
9 X 12 inches (printed after World War I to fit in new piano benches; the modern standard size)
5 X 7 inches (printed during the World Wars to save paper for the war effort)
Other ways to identify sheet music are through its composer and cover art, as you can find out what years a given composer or artist was active to determine a ballpark age for the sheet music. The size of your sheet music won't affect its value much, if at all, but it can help you identify its age.
IMAGE: Roosevelt March, dedicated to Teddy Roosevelt, published in 1902. Source: Kevin H. Lynch, The Lynch Archive
Who buys sheet music?
There are four primary types of sheet music buyers:
Sheet music collectors
Some people have extensive sheet music collections, with the largest being comprised of more than one thousand different categories.
Cross-collectors
Cross-collectors are interested in sheet music not for the music itself, but to augment other collections. For example, a collector of Civil War memorabilia might buy Civil War-era sheet music.
Local music stores and online resellers
Local music stores will purchase old sheet music they feel they can resell for a profit. There are also online sheet music resellers.
Sheet music cover art is popular among interior decorators; often used as wallpaper or placed in picture frames, for example.
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How much is my sheet music worth?
As you can see, sheet music has the potential to attract a large market.
Chances are, your sheet music is worth very little. Most sheet music sells for $5 or less, even in good condition. Still, some sheet music is rather valuable.
"We have a huge supply of extremely common 20th century music printings, the tattered kind you can find in many antique malls in America, and yes, it is practically worthless with little demand," says Kevin Hugh Lynch, archivist and publisher of FirstEpoch.com. "However, we have a drastic shortage of quality 19th century music and there is significant demand for this material."
The world record for the sale of a printed song (excepting manuscripts) is $506,500 (with Buyer's Premium), paid for the final copy in private hands of the first edition of Francis Scott Key's "The Star Spangled Banner," which sold at a 2010 Christie's auction. A second edition sold for $32,000 at a 2016 Sotheby's auction.
John Coltrane's original composition for "A Love Supreme" sold at a 2005 auction for more than $129,000, for example, though that example included handwritten notes from the jazz legend (Jane Viator).
Who's to say your sheet music couldn't be similarly valuable?
"There is a well-known story in our avocation of a collector in Texas who bought a bound volume of music many years ago for $400, and inside was a first edition of our national anthem, 'The Star Spangled Banner,'" says Lynch. "eBay sold a copy of one of the earliest baseball pieces a decade or so ago. It was the 'Live Oak Polka' and picture and early baseball scene. It was published in 1860 and brought $11,000 in the auction sale."
IMAGE: Lithograph by Sinclair lithography in Philadelphia. Issued in 1863 during the Civil War when the Greenbacks made their appearance. Secretary Chase was Lincoln's Secretary. Source: Kevin H. Lynch, The Lynch Archive
Lynch said great sheet music rarities go beyond the rarities that typically get promoted in the worlds of stamps, coins, and even baseball cards.
"There are many historically relevant or gorgeously artistic 19th century sheet music publications that are single-digit rarities with less than ten known to exist," he says. "The Library of Congress itself is missing hundreds, if not thousands, of important editions."
At the same time, 217 works of Broadway sheet music by well-known composers were sold in 2011 for $142 –or about 65 cents each. That's hardly winning the sheet music lottery.
"The vast majority of sheet music in America printed after 1830 or so is worth little or nothing," says Lynch. "Due to overprinting, poor condition, or simple lack of demand, as much as 90 percent or more of single title sales change hands in the range of $3 to $15. Unusually rare and significant printings can, however, sell for hundreds or even thousands of dollars."
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The most valuable sheet music typically exhibits some of the following features:
Rarity – most sheet music is easy to come by, but some is exceedingly rare. Be forewarned that a lot of online scammers claim to sell rare vintage sheet music, but they're actually selling sheet music that's abundant or otherwise not desirable
Artwork – many sheet music collectors collect based on cover art. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but it's worth noting the more visually exciting, the better. In addition, some collectors seek cover art created by specific artists
Historical significance – a first printing, or a handwritten original composition by a famous composer or musician, can make sheet music valuable. In addition, a particular piece of sheet music known to be used at a famous performance could have value. The historical time period of sheet music publication can also make it valuable to certain cross-collectors
Performer – again, cross-collection fuels this market. Someone who collects Elvis Presley or Michael Jackson memorabilia might have an interest in sheet music they performed, for example
Signatures – sheet music signed by an artist, composer, or performer can be valuable for the signature, and the combination of a signature on original sheet music can drive up the value
Value is also affected by sheet music condition: the better shape it's in, the more it's worth. Also, music that is no longer written – especially sheet music with ethnic stereotypes and accompanying artwork – can carry value simply because no one writes it anymore or is likely to write it ever again. Ragtime sheet music is likewise popular, as well as politically-themed sheet music. Cover art that features movie stars can also command higher prices.
IMAGE: A curious sheet music publication in 1854 featuring P.T. Barnum. Source: Kevin H. Lynch, The Lynch Archive
"The value of sheet music is extremely fluid and is dependent, in auction sales, on two or more serious buyers showing up," says Lynch. "Auction houses Swann's, Sotheby's, Christie's, and Heritage have all sold American popular sheet music items for $2,500 or more over the last half dozen years. Many on eBay have sold above $1,000. There is a very real market for rare and desirable music printings, especially before 1870, many of these being not only original prints but literally historical documents as well. And, indeed, many rarities from the 20th century can bring $500, $1,000, or more in auction sales."
Lynch adds that the auction site you select and the item description can affect how much you can get for your sheet music, as can the time of year and day. Summer is slow on eBay, for example, while Sunday nights are often prime on the popular auction site.
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It's said the sheet music community does not believe in set pricing guides, preferring to let the market dictate sheet music value. However, you can find the ballpark value of your sheet music by first identifying exactly what you have, determining whether it's unique or significant in any way, and then trying one of the following options:
Run a search for "sold" listings on eBay to see what comparable sheet music has sold for
Get a book such as "The Sheet Music Reference and Price Guide"
Check Kovels online sheet music price guide
Take your sheet music to an auction house for an appraisal
Ask a private collector or appraiser to offer an appraisal – though Lynch says appraisals are not common for sheet music because valuable collections are rare, and the time and expertise the appraiser must supply can drive costs to thousands of dollars
Sell your sheet music collection in bulk to local music stores and online resellers
Simply list your sheet music for sale to see what offers you attract
"eBay, the low end of the auction markets, sells 8,000 to 10,000 pieces of music a month during much of the year," says Lynch. "I track sales every three months, and you'd be surprised how long it takes to review all sales above $30 – about an hour! There are many over $100. These include 19th and 20th century music publications."
IMAGE: Very scarce first cover of what many consider to be America's first classic musical – "Showboat." This is from 1927 and these initial publications, quite different in design from later issues, also tend to worth maybe 10 to 20 times what the others are, dependent on condition and song. This is known as the 'lyre cover' as the graphic seems to suggest that instrument. They are very difficult to find and were issued for each of five songs from the score, adapted from the very successful novel. This is the first American musical where the book, with its commentary on race relations, was every bit as important as the music and lyrics. Source: Kevin H. Lynch, The Lynch Archive.
Here are some example prices from recently-sold listings on eBay:
18 sets of Confederate sheet music: $2,000
4 framed Confederate song sheets: $700
The Hoogie Boogie Dance (1900): $481
Honey Don't (Carl Perkins): $300
Golden Slumbers (The Beatles): $98
Death Song of the Titanic: $69
J.S. Bach Concerto No. 2: $9
How does the most valuable sheet music stack up to other famous collectibles? Lynch provided this comparison:
Collectible Number known to exist Selling price
Magna Carta, 13th century 24 presumed $21.3 million (2007)
Shakespeare's first Folio (1623) 200 to 250 $6.1 million (2001)
Action Comics #1 (Superman 1st edition) 50 unrestored copies $3.2 million (2014)
Honus Wagner T-206 baseball card 50+ $3.1 million (2016)
Declaration of Independence 1st edition (1776) 23 $2.4 million (1991)
Inverted Jenny stamp (upside-down biplane) Around 100 $977,000 (2010)
Star Spangled Banner 1st edition (1814) 11 or 12 $506,500 (2010)
"You'll notice the music is the lowest on the list in terms of amount of sale, but also it is the rarest on this list of famous firsts," says Lynch. "Popular American sheet music is a rich field for collecting that has yet to have its true heyday. For pure Americana and the power of an image, it can hardly be matched."
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Where can I sell sheet music?
There are several different outlets you can use to sell your sheet music; keep in mind that some of these places also sell sheet music, so they need to buy your music at a price that's profitable on resale.
Online auction sites, such as eBay and Invaluable Auctions
Online stores, such as Amazon and AbeBooks
Buy/sell/trade online stores – many of these are regional
Halcyon Days Music
Hawthorne's Antique Audio
Kampko Vintage Sheet Music Shop
Flea markets, swap meets, and trade shows cross-collectors attend
Directly to sheet music collectors
Directly to local music stores
Online collector communities (general)
"eBay is probably the best outlet for selling sheet music if you think you have something of value. It's the most popular Internet auction house for sheet music sales, and it's easy to post on their site," says Lynch. "Unless you have something quite valuable, you may want to use this option to sell. eBay has sold up to 10,000 pieces of sheet music in a month."
For common music with limited demand, Lynch recommends trying your local antiquarian bookseller or secondhand store.
IMAGE: This is the first edition of "The Stamp Galop," featuring a number of stamps from 1863, including several U.S. stamps. Lithography miming engraving. Litho by Roder in Leipzig, Germany. The American version followed this. Source: Kevin H. Lynch, The Lynch Archive
Be careful to avoid scams, especially on sites you're unfamiliar with, and understand shipping costs as well as who pays them when you sell your sheet music. If you sell a collection for $100 but it costs $200 to ship, you don't want to assume that cost.
Also, be sure to protect valuable sheet music. Lynch recommends storing valuable editions in a crystal clear, zero-acid poly vinyl bag such as those made by Clear Bags, and lay them flat in an archival box to shield them from dust and ultraviolet light. You can add archival conservation backing board to your most valuable pieces.
The best advice we can offer for selling your sheet music collection is to first understand exactly what you have and conduct your own research to find out what it's worth. Then, you can pick valuable volumes to sell individually at higher prices and pack the rest in lots to sell in bulk. Compare different selling options and offers, if possible, and always keep in mind your sheet music is ultimately worth whatever a buyer will pay for it.
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By Benita Chacko Published: 28 Nov 2022, 12:00 IST
Are marketers rethinking their strategy towards television news channels?
After Zee Media and NDTV, iTV Network was the third to pull out of BARC last week.
iTV Network pulled out its nine channels from Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) India on November 22. It was the third television news network, after Zee Media and NDTV, to pull out of the viewership measurement company.
In its official statement, iTV network said there is a total loss of faith and credibility in the working of BARC.
"Time and again, we've raised our concern and reservations over the arbitrary and unilateral mechanism being used by BARC. We have raised very serious issues regarding the reliability/trustworthiness of the Ratings, but none of our concerns has been addressed till date. We, along with many broadcasters, are forced to remain connected with BARC because it is the only TV Ratings Agency and enjoys a dominant position. The unexplained actions of BARC have greatly damaged our networks," the statement read.
Zee Media pulled out of the measurement system in September, citing issues with the landing page. NDTV was the first news channel to exit BARC, in March, over alleged infirmities in the rating system. It demanded that the council expand its sample size to ensure that the measurement process cannot be rigged or manipulated.
In the face of these allegations, are marketers rethinking their strategy towards news channels?
The news genre on television has been facing turbulent times in the last couple of years with issues like the Television Rating Points (TRP) manipulation scam and the landing page placements. Owing to the TRP scam, BARC India had suspended ratings data for the news genre in October 2020 and it was resumed only in March this year after a 17-month-break. So far only the news genre has raised complaints about the functioning of BARC.
A senior news industry professional, on the condition of anonymity, says there are multiple issues with the current system of television news ratings. The BARC-generated data is unreliable to take editorial and advertising calls. For example, one day it shows most viewers are watching news around the Russia-Ukraine crisis and on another it says viewers are most interested in content around astrology and horoscopes. With this, clients are not buying the TRP data and instead base their decisions on pre-2020 data, YouTube data and social media conversations.
However, it remains an important part of any brand's media plan. According to TAM's half year AdEx numbers, the January to June 2022 period saw 33% indexed growth in ad volumes in the news genre compared to the same period last year.
Marketers say that the channels pulling out of the system are not going to impact the larger ecosystem and they will continue to spend on the genre.
In June, the Indian Society of Advertisers (ISA), a shareholder in BARC India and an apex body of advertisers comprising big corporate houses, had issued an advisory to its members to watch out for those news channels that are pulling out of the audience measurement system. It directed advertisers to independently assess these channels and take an informed decision.
Most large advertisers, including Dabur, Maruti Suzuki and Parle Products, do not solely rely on the BARC data to make key decisions.
The news genre is an important media for Dabur. In fact, after GECs, news is the most important genre in terms of investments. Rajiv Dubey, senior general manager and head of media, Dabur, says, it spends its own money to do research and find out the preferred television channels and the consumer viewing behaviour.
"None of these channels that have walked out, except Zee's national channels, feature in our list of preferred channels," he says.
Similarly, Maruti Suzuki India, which has allocated 11% of its media spends on the news genre so far this year, also conducts its independent research.
Shashank Srivastava, executive director, sales and marketing, Maruti Suzuki India, says the questions raised on the methodology of the measurement system is a difficult and serious issue.
"One question is the basis of the rating itself and the other is the methodology of the execution. The basis can always be improved, but the second part is more difficult and serious. While spending huge money on advertising, some sort of basis is needed. We can't take decisions purely on the basis of our judgement," he says.
Parle Products conducts its independent surveys through dialogues with its channel partners. Krishnarao Buddha, senior category head, Parle Products, says not having a metric doesn't affect its advertising strategy. The revenue of the channels exiting BARC also doesn't take a major hit. Only certain advertisers who consider the numbers as the last word pull out.
"When these channels suddenly pull out of BARC, advertisers are not going to pull out of those channels. Over a period of time if we see that the channel is not offering good content or has other issues like toxicity or propaganda building, only then advertisers take a call," he says.
Dubey says these news channels that pull out of the system will suffer in the long term.
"They may not feel an impact in the short term. However, advertisers, like us, who are listed companies, will go by something measured," he says.
In 2020, news channels comprised 43% of the total registered channels in India. Furthermore, in the same year news genre viewership was 10.4%.
"At the top there is space only for one channel and if a news channel does not stay on the top it loses favour with the advertisers," Dubey says.
Another raging issue for news media is the landing page issue. Dubey says it is not a sustainable model for the channels. "Only one channel can use the landing page. In a media plan we use around 200 channels. The full media spend is not going to that one channel. As advertisers, we can use our judgement to decide about that channel," he adds.
"When you do it cumulatively over a period of time the effect may be small. It is not a problem for marketers right now," Srivastava agrees.
Paritosh Joshi, an independent media and communication consultant, says the landing page issue is not for BARC to solve. "BARC tries to deal with everything that attempts to subvert the integrity of the system. But this is a distribution issue or an issue for industry bodies," he says.
Buddha says BARC needs to work on setting its process right and establishing its transparency,
"As a member of ISA, Parle is also a stakeholder in BARC. But that doesn't mean we will allow any kind of lapse in the overall process. We keep demanding for improved or well thought processes in place. We'll keep demanding for a streamlined process. Meanwhile, the broadcasters should not move out. the idea is to have a robust system in place through discussions," he says.
Impact on the networks that have exited BARC
Joshi says agencies and clients are not going to stop using the metric because a few broadcasters have boycotted it.
"The rest of the television industry continues to be measured. There's no other basis for television advertising," he says.
Any medium to survive and thrive needs to have an agnostic measurement system.
"Any media industry that attempts to go without measurement for an indefinite period of time is endangering itself," he says.
According to estimates, the HSM viewer spends three and a half hours watching television everyday. However, barely half an hour or less is spent watching the news. The English news numbers are even worse, at around seven and a half to eight minutes. Joshi stresses that it is time for these news channels to self-examine their content and check if it is truly serving its purpose.
"It is not even the entire genre which has the problem. The time spent on news is much higher in the south than in the HSM. This just speaks of real content poverty. It is a stark and unpleasant commentary on the state of the entire genre. Being petulant will not serve them well. It will be detrimental to their own advertising proposition," he says.
afaqs! reached out to BARC for comments, but until the time of publication there was no response.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The company sells its brands in Burger King, McDonald's, Subway, Papa John's, Starbucks and Yum. For two years, the business has been operating in China, but currently, the company has spread across the world. It works in 8 factories in China becoming the largest poultry producer in China. David McDonald OSI Group has seen through the success of the company and has made a significant contribution to its incredible production.
David McDonald OSI Group launched DaOSI, which is a joint-venture corporation with DOYOO Group. This ensured a great stride in poultry production in the Chinese market. He has made remarkable development in the production and processing department. Such improvements and advancement in the department include the launch of beef production firm service in Poland, new frozen foods production plant in India and a modern feed mill located at Shandong Provence. David McDonald OSI Group has helped the company venture into new markets such as Hungary and Geneva. He has ensured that he has provided consumers with world-class products and services that give them confidence with OSI group.
David McDonald OSI Group has made a significant global network with other firms and individuals that offer him more knowledge on how to operate the OSI Group. His role in the company also includes chief managing of the group, where he is a board of director. He has also been appointed as the chairperson of the North America Meat Institute. He is the director of Marfrig Global Food South America, where he was elected in 2008 when OSI Group obtained Brazil and Europe processing plants. He ensures that he does his best in the operation of the businesses entrusted in him. He believes and trusts that consumers need a consistent quality of products. Therefore, he keeps improving the quality of the products at OSI group.
If you are a keen follower of the oil and gas industry, then you've probably heard of Gulf Coast Western. You may be wondering what Gulf Coast Western is and why it has become a household name in the oil and gas industry. We have all the answers.
Let's begin by answering the obvious question: What's Gulf Coast Western? Gulf Coast Western is leading multinational oil and gas company that specializes in exploration and acquisition of oil and gas primarily in the Gulf of Mexico. The company was founded in 1970 by Mathew Fleeger's father.
What Makes Gulf Coast Western Stand Out?
The first thing that makes this company stand out from its competitors is its legendary customer services. The people working at Gulf Coast Western treat their customers and partners like loyalties. Also, unlike other oil and gas companies, Gulf Coast Western is always ready to admit mistakes, solve problems, and cultivate stronger relationships with its customers and partners.
The company also came up with cerebral strategies that enable it to adopt new technologies, processes, and solutions quickly. Also, unlike other oil and gas firms that want to be jacks of all trades, Gulf Coast Western sticks to what they know best: exploration, development, and acquisition of oil and gas reserves. But that's not all. The company also has an active and talented CEO. Here is more information about Gulf Coast Western's CEO, Mathew Fleeger.
Mathew Fleeger is the current CEO and President of Gulf Coast Western. Mathew's exceptional background in corporate structuring general partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions made him the perfect candidate for the leadership position within this growing organization. Mathew Fleeger is also the man who founded MedSolutions, Inc., a waste management company that specializes in the collection, disposal, and treatment of waste produced by health facilities. Mathew also has a rich educational background. He went to Southern Methodist University, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Business (finance and marketing).
Under his direction, Gulf Coast Western has been able to come up with unique marketing, sales and after-sales strategies that have enabled the company to stay top of the game with clients and prospects.
Papa Johns has recently gone through some scrutiny from the press as well as their customers from many different communities. Unfortunately, these events were because of the actions of a former leader at the company. Papa Johns has a new CEO that is working his hardest to bring the company back up to par with its old standards. Not only has Papa Johns been transparent and apologized for their actions, but they are also making sure they complete the necessary changes in order to please their customers and maintain accountability for their actions.
Steve Ritchie is the new CEO that is taking control of Papa Johns and what direction they will take to reclaim their former standings in the market as one of the best pizza makers. Steve issued a personal apology on behalf of the Papa Johns organization and it was directed to the public as well as customers. Every single aspect of the company is going to be evaluated and improved if it can be improved, according to Steve Ritchie. They have even begun to bring in experts to help them make the necessary changes and help Papa Johns make a quicker transition to successful business practices. With more than 120 thousand employees spread out across the world, Papa Johns has a lot of feedback to go through from their employees to make every restaurant better for their communities. Here's a message from Steve Ritchie to their customers.
CEO Steve Ritchie Papa John's ensures that Papa Johns nor any of its employees condone harassment or inappropriate behavior and he hopes that the actions of a single person will not speak for every person working hard at the company. Although Papa Johns is on the right track for redemption, they still have a ways to go before they win the favor of the public again as one of the best pizza establishments to dine at. More info about Ritchie's apology letter can be seen on their Facebook account.


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Post shooting, Brazil looks itself in the mirror
Are the people that pull the trigger and kill innocent people the problem? Or the gun in their hands? Or both?
After a school shooting, there are usually three distinct phases: First the immediate shock of how anybody could do such a thing, followed by grief of young lives ended too soon, and finally the inevitable calls for more gun control.
Brazil is a country still very much grieving, and for good reason. It was last Thursday, just before 9am, when a 24-year-old mentally ill man named Wellington Menezes de Oliveira walked into a packed middle school classroom in the working class neighbourhood of Realengo in Rio de Janeiro and starting executing students who were barely teenagers.
According to eyewitnesses, he had a 38 calibre pistol in one hand, and a 32 calibre in the other - pulling the trigger of each as fast as his fingers would allow.
Oliveira, a former student at the school who might have been a victim of bullying, had a "speed loader" which allowed him to re-load his pistols with minimum delay to continue the killing spree.
Oliveira was shot by police and died at the scene.
But not before he had killed 12 kids - 10 girls and 2 boys, ranging from 12 to 15 years old. All have been laid to rest in funerals that were painfully emotionally to watch first hand.
Photo: A reproduction from Brazilian magazine Epoca of some of the students killed in the Rio school shooting.
Six other kids remain hospitalised. Two remain in critical condition a 13-year-old boy shot through the eye and a 14-year-old boy shot in the abdomen and hand who can only breathe today with the help of a machine.
Rio de Janeiro has a well-earned reputation for being a violent city, but never before has the city or country seen a school massacre the scale of what happened last week.
"I thought school shootings only happened in other countries," one Brazilian man told me. "I never thought I would see the day it happened here."
Sadly, that day has now arrived. But now this country is moving to another predictable element to this story: Gun laws.
Only hours after the shooting Brazil's justice minister, Jose Eduardo Cardoso, said he wanted to reinforce the national disarmament campaign, set for June.
And on Tuesday Brazil's senate will start discussing the idea of a bill, likely to be put to a national vote, banning the sale of hand guns and ammunition to non-law enforcement entities.
Photo: Headlines in the Brazilian press showed the horror of the shooting.
Brazil already has strict gun laws on the books restricting who can legally buy and carry guns on the street. The key word is legally. That word is not in the vocabulary of most bad guys.
Anti-gun groups in Brazil estimate there are between 15-20 million illegal firearms in the country, in all sizes and brands, most smuggled into Brazil through the Paraguay border.
And that is why in 2005 Brazil put to the voters a landmark referendum that asked a simple and straight forward question: "Should the commercial sale of guns and ammunition to civilians be prohibited?" Fifty nine million people (64% of the votes cast) said no. The measure failed after it looked as though in the run-up to the vote it would narrowly pass.
Only about two million Brazilians legally own guns, so what the vote equated to was 59 million people voted to uphold a "right" for two million users, even though there is no such right in the Brazilian constitution to bear arms.
So why would a country with so many people affected by gun violence vote to keep guns legal? That seemed odd to observers who analysed the vote afterwards.
Reporter Kelly Hearn investigated the referendum vote and discovered that the National Rifle Association (NRA), the powerful American pro-gun lobby, was allegedly quietly working behind the scenes advising their Brazilian counterparts how to frame their arguments as a "rights" issue and not a "gun" issue.
According to Hearn's reporting at the time, the NRA even sent one of their Washington DC lobbyists to Sao Paulo to advise the pro-gun movement in Brazil. Some of the pro-gun campaign material showed Hitler, invoking the idea that Brazilian's need the 'right' to guns to always protect themselves from monsters.
According to this report in Foreign Policy in 2005, the NRA was making an international push to securee gun rights in key countries, including Brazil.
Brazilian journalist Leonardo Attuch, a columnist for ISTOE magazine, wrote this week that Brazilians only voted against banning handguns in 2005 after a, "wide campaign of dis-information financed by private interests".
On Monday I called the NRA national headquarters in Fairfax, Virginia, USA, to ask them for a response, check the facts from 2005, and see if they had any thoughts about gun control in Brazil in light of the shooting in Rio.
I was transferred to a polite woman in the press office who told me to send an email with my questions. I did. I never heard back.
To this day, gun control advocates in Brazil credit the backdoor influence of the NRA as key to confusing the voters and swaying the 2005 vote.
It was a monumental defeat for the anti-gun movement, not only in Brazil, but also internationally.
But that was 2005. And now, here we are, six years later. There will be the inevitable debate of: Who kills? Are the people that pull the trigger and kill innocent people the problem? Or the gun in their hands? Or both?
Or does it even matter? Is that the wrong question to even start with?
Photo: Wellington Menezes de Oliveira, the Rio school shooter.
Consider the twisted and shady web of hand-offs that ultimately landed the pistols in the hands of Oliveira in the first place: Police say Oliveira bought the illegal pistols for the equivalent of $164 from two men, Charleston Souza de Lucena, 38, a locksmith, and Izaias de Souza, 48, who was unemployed.
The two men apparently threw in five bullets with the purchase, as a bonus. One gun, police have determined, was recorded as stolen years ago. The other gun has no record.
Both Lucena and Souza were easy to track down and quickly arrested by police. The men said they had no clue about Oliveira's deadly plan, they say they were just acting as intermediaries, selling the gun to Oliveira on behalf of someone else who illegally owned the guns.
Police have yet to fully identify or track down the alleged "other person".
But for their role in it all as "intermediaries", Lucena and Souza say they each received what is the equivalent of $18.95 for their work facilitating the sell.
Each man now faces between 4 and 8 years in prison for the sale of illegal weapons.
Would a ban on firearms have prevented this illegality? You can decide.
Here is where we are today: twelve innocent kids dead. More permanently maimed and clinging to life in a hospital ICU. The killer's decomposing corpse in a Rio morgue his family has fled Rio and refuses to claim the body. The original gun-seller unknown. Two "intermediaries" jailed for selling weapons so they could make a quick 18 dollars and 95 cents.
Based on the terrible scenes I saw at the funerals on Friday, countless parents, sisters, brothers, nieces, grandparents and dear friends of the victims now trapped in a forever hell that no future gun laws can solve, espeically after the fact. For them, the reality is that it's too late.
They ask one question nobody seems to have an answer to: Why? The next question is: When?
Follow Gabriel Elizondo on Twiiter @elizondogabriel


text:
Pattern: Use of `Optional` as parameter type for method

Issue: -

## Description

Do not use an `Optional` as a parameter type for a method or constructor.

Examples:

```groovy
class MyClass {
	protected MyClass(Optional<Integer> count) { }                  // violation
	MyClass(Optional<String> name, Optional<Integer> sum) { }       // 2 violations
	private MyClass(Optional something) { }                         // violation

	void doStuff(Optional<Integer> count) { }                       // violation
	public String getName() { return 'abc' }
	int count(Optional<String> alias, Optional<Integer> total) { }  // 2 violations
	private doSomething(Optional something) { }                     // violation
}
```

## Further Reading

* [CodeNarc - OptionalMethodParameter](https://codenarc.org/codenarc-rules-design.html#optionalmethodparameter-rule)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Overview for Colby Chartrand
Colby Chartrand
FOR Colby Chartrand YOU CAN
Birth Place: Profession: Stunts ...
Cast (feature film)
Truth, The (2012)
A former CIA operative turned political talk show host is hired by a corporate whistle blower to expose her company's cover-up of a massacre in a South American village. Upon arriving, he is plunged into a violent, chaotic situation, with the military cracking down on a group of protesters led by tw
Air Bud (1997)
After his father''s death, 12-year-old Josh moves to Washington state. Josh is very shy and afraid to try out for the basketball team until he meets a golden retriever named Buddy who can score baskets. Both Josh and Buddy eventually make the team, creating a sensation until Buddy''s former owner, Norm Snively, comes along to cash in on the dog''s celebrity. Josh and Buddy must stay one step ahead of Snively to rally the team to a state championship.
Visual Effects (feature film)
Philadelphia Experiment, The (2012)
An update of a film that was inspired by an alleged World War II experiment, military scientists attempt to make a ship invisible to the enemy.
Stunts (feature film)
Deadpool 2 (2018)
Predator, The (2018)
Storyline is under wraps.
Suicide Squad (Theatrical) (2016)
Deadshot, Harley Quinn, Captain Boomerang, Killer Croc and other armed super-villains unite to battle a mysterious and powerful entity, while the diabolical Joker launches an evil agenda of his own.
Come and Find Me (2016)
White House Down (2013)
Washington D.C. policeman John Cale has just been denied his dream job of being a Secret Service agent and protecting President James Sawyer. Not wanting to disappoint his young daughter with the news, he takes her on a tour of the White House, and they are there when the complex is overtaken by a
Cabin in the Woods, The (2012)
A rambunctious group of five college friends steal away for a weekend of debauchery in an isolated country cabin, only to be attacked by horrific supernatural creatures in a night of endless terror and bloodshed. Sound familiar? Just wait. As the teens begin to exhibit standard horror movie behavior
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011)
Greg Heffley is about to learn that there may be something scarier than middle school - his own family!
Twilight Saga: Eclipse, The (2010)
Bella is surrounded by danger when Seattle is hit by a string of murders and an evil vampire who is out for revenge. Bella must choose between Edward and Jacob - knowing that her decision may ignite the ageless struggle between vampire and werewolf.
Uninvited, The (2009)
A deadly battle of wills begins when Anna returns from a psychiatric facility and investigates the circumstances surrounding her mother's suspicious and untimely death. While Anna recuperates from the tragedy, her father becomes engaged to Rachel, her mother's former nurse, and moves her into their
The iconic monsters from the two film franchises wage a brutal battle in an unsuspecting Colorado town.
Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007)
The enigmatic, intergalactic herald, The Silver Surfer, comes to Earth to prepare it for destruction. As the Silver Surfer races around the globe wreaking havoc, Reed, Sue, Johnny and Ben must unravel the mystery of the Silver Surfer and confront the surprising return of their mortal enemy, Dr. Doo
It''s hard enough being the nerdy new guy on campus without also being the new girl on campus, who has fallen for the coolest guy on campus, who is totally obsessed with the most beautiful girl on campus, who is "crushing" on the nerdy new guy on campus. Viola Johnson had her own good reasons for disguising herself as her twin brother Sebastian and enrolling in his place at his new boarding school, Illyria Prep. She was counting on Sebastian being AWOL from school, while he tried to break into the music scene in London. What she didn''t count on was falling in love with her hot roommate, Duke, who in turn only has eyes for the beautiful Olivia. Making matters worse, Olivia is starting to fall for Sebastian, who--for reasons Olivia couldn''t begin to guess--appears to be the sensitive type of guy she''d always dreamed of meeting. If things weren''t complicated enough, the real Sebastian has come back from London two days earlier than expected and arrives on campus having no clue that he''s been replaced--by his own twin sister.
Kraken: Tentacles of the Deep (2006)
Thirty years ago, a giant squid killed young Ray Reiter's parents, but not before he gouged one of its eyes. Now as the one-eyed monster returns to terrorize a group of treasure hunters, Ray joins the expedition in hopes of avenging his parents' deaths.
Scary Movie 4 (2006)
The ever-naïve Cindy Campbell, seeking a career in home healthcare, finds work with a creepy old lady in an even creepier old house haunted by a ghostly presence. Throw in a good-looking guy next door and the threat of aliens intent on global domination and Cindy''s instantly up to the top of her extremely blond head in danger. Our fearless heroine catapults into action once again struggling to decipher ominous messages from the beyond, looking for love in some very weird places and trying to save the world from mass destruction. As she struggles to discover life-saving answers, Cindy encounters horrific plane crashes, bodacious blind girls, village idiots, disheveled rappers, kinky contraptions, psycho survivalists, alien sphincters and even Oprah!
When three popular girls from different cliques discover they've all been dating the school stud, they band together to seek revenge. Despite the jerk's charm and ever-growing popularity, the girls cleverly scheme with the help of the inconspicuous new girl in town, to soil his reputation and break
Today is the biggest day in the super-organized life of uptight overachiever Jane Ryan. She's due to give a major speech at Columbia University for a competition to win a prestigious scholarship to Oxford University. Meanwhile, her rebellious sister Roxy is planning to ditch school and go backstage
Carpool (1996)
Franklin Laszlo is a hapless, henpecked but eager-to-please carnival owner who''s taking a one-shot chance at robbery in order to salvage his business and relationship with his young son. Daniel Miller is a compulsive workaholic resentfully stuck driving the neighborhood carpool, including his own two overlooked sons, on the day of a make-or-break presentation at his advertising agency. Their paths cross in the middle of a bungled robbery when Franklin flees the site, taking Daniel and his vanful of kids as hostages and beginning a comic day-long chase.
Big Bully (1996)
Davey Leary was the kind of kid who was always getting picked on, chased after, beat up and cut down. Roscoe Bigger--known to every cowering schoolyard victim as "Fang"--was the kind of kid who always picked on, chased after, beat up and cut down kids like his favorite prey, Davey. But that was then... Now, David Leary is a novelist who has been asked to teach a semester of creative writing at his former school. David returns home with high hopes of being welcomed as the local-boy-made-good. Sure enough, he''s embraced by the small community, reuniting with his old gang and even rekindling his one-time crush on Victoria, now the school''s sex education teacher. But when his own rebellious son, Ben, is caught bullying a sensitive kid, Kirby, David is called in Principal Kokeler''s office to meet with the boys and Kirby''s father--a quiet, henpecked, deferential shop teacher. After the meeting, David makes the horrible discovery that this shop teacher is, in fact, his old tormentor--the dreaded Fang.


In addition to Agony's story mode, they are adding the appropriately named Agony Mode to make it even harder to survive. In Hell. The trailers don't make it seem all that inviting already, so how do you make it worse? You are given one life in a procedurally-generated level that is made of the same sure-to-give-me-nightmares-for-days design. That'll do it.
Surviving the level is not the only objective. There are goals, such as collecting statues within the level or solving puzzles, and chances are good that it will end in your death. If you do happen to make it to the end in the Red Chamber, you can go back through the level as a succubi or go on to a new challenge.
If you manage to survive the horrors of the underworld, you can earn the glory of a gaming god. Agony will have a global leaderboard, so you can compare scores with your friends.
Check out the new trailer for a scary peek at Agony Mode. Be sure to get plenty of rest before Agony's release date on May 29th, because good luck sleeping after you play.


Join us Sunday, June 19th, for an afternoon of live music with the Stevie James Trio as part of our celebration of the 79th anniversary of the 1937 American Record Corporation recording sessions which included Robert Johnson. The concert will take place in the Amphitheater of the historic 508 Park Ave building in Downtown Dallas at 2:30 pm.
Encore Park is downtown's newest multi-venue arts and culture campus. It is an extension of First Presbyterian Church and The Stewpot who bought the decades-long dormant and deteriorating building and are in the process of refurbishing 508 Park.
"The group plays a variety of blues-rock, ranging from BB King to Jimi Hendrix, as well as their own originals. Since forming in the middle of last year, they've built a solid reputation, already earning two nominations for the 2014 Dallas Observer Music Awards in the categories of Best Blues Act and Best Guitarist.
The band is led by the talented and charismatic Stephen Ketner on guitar and vocals. Ketner has a background in jazz, having played with the The Freeloaders for the past two years. The trio is also comprised by the reputable Merik Gilette on drums and the versatile Isaac "Crash" Burns on bass."
In case of rain, event will be cancelled.


United States of America is against any delay in resolving the status of Kosovo and wants to close the issue in a matter of months, according to Martti Ahtisaari's plan.
"We are standing firmly behind the international mediator Ahtisaari and we are strongly hopeful that the issue of Kosovo status would see its end this spring", US Assistant Secretary of State, Rosemary DiCarlo said in Skopje today.
She added that delay in solving of the "last remaining open issue on the territory of the former Yugoslavia" is not in the region's interest.
"We don't' think stalling of the resolution on this issue would lead to greater stability in the region, nor that postponement would produce improvement of the existing plans. On the contrary, we are dedicated to finding a solution on a manner that would promote the stability of the region and facilitate its way to NATO and EU", DiCarlo said.
After the meetings with the Macedonian leadership, she expressed content of Macedonia's support to Ahtisaari's plan and the country's assistance in the efforts to reach a solution on the Kosovo issue.


text:
#ifndef jm_vector_h_
#define jm_vector_h_
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "jm_callbacks.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
\file jm_vector.h Definition of ::jm_vector and supporting functions
*/
/**
\addtogroup jm_utils
 @{
   \addtogroup jm_vector
 @}
*/

/**
\addtogroup jm_vector A vector of items (dynamic array)
@{
*/

/** \brief jm_mange macro is used to construct names for the template instances
   Extra level (jm_mange_ex) is needed to force argument expansion (pre-scan)
*/
#define jm_mangle_ex(name, type)  name## _ ##type
#define jm_mangle(name, type)  jm_mangle_ex(name,type)

/** \brief jm_vector(T) is the type name (i.e., to be used as jm_vector(int) vi;) */
#define jm_vector(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector, T)

/**
* \name  Vector handling functions.
*
* \brief Allocates a vector on heap with the specified size and specified number of preallocated items (can be larger than size).

*  extern jm_vector(T)* jm_vector_alloc(T)(size_t size, size_t capacity, jm_callbacks*c );
*  Note that there is no need to call jm_vector_init for a vector allocated with this function.
*  @param  size - initial size of the vector, can be 0
*  @param  capacity - initial capacity of the vector, can be 0. At least initSize elements are allocated.
*  @param  c - jm_callbacks callbacks, can be zero
*  @return Newly allocated vector
*/
#define jm_vector_alloc(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_alloc, T)

/**
  jm_vector_free releases the memory allocated by jm_vector_alloc.
extern void jm_vector_free(T)(jm_vector(T)* a);
*/
#define jm_vector_free(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_free, T)

/**
*  \brief jm_vector_init initializes a vector allocated on stack.
*
*  Input:
*    a - pointer to the vector to be initialized;
*    size - initial size of the vector, can be 0
*    c - jm_callbacks callbacks, can be zero
*  Returns:
*    size of the vector (can be zero for non-zero size if memory allocation failed)
*    Note that for initSize < JM_VECTOR_MINIMAL_CAPACITY no heap memory allocation is needed
*  size_t jm_vector_init(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t initSize, jm_callbacks* c)
*/
#define jm_vector_init(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_init, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_free_data releases memory allocated for vector data
*  This only needs to be called for stack allocated vectors
*  (jm_vector_free does the job for heap vectors automatically)
* inline void jm_vector_free_data(T)(jm_vector(T)* a)
*/
#define jm_vector_free_data(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_free_data, T)

/**
  jm_vector_get_size get the vector size
inline size_t jm_vector_get_size(T)(jm_vector(T)* a)
*/
#define jm_vector_get_size(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_get_size, T)

/**
  jm_vector_get_item returns the specified item. Range checking is done with an assert.
inline T jm_vector_get_item(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index)
*/
#define jm_vector_get_item(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_get_item, T)

/**
  jm_vector_get_itemp returns a pointer to the specified item. Range checking is done with an assert.
inline T* jm_vector_get_itemp(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index)
*/
#define jm_vector_get_itemp(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_get_itemp, T)

/**
  jm_vector_get_lastp returns a pointer to the last item in the vector. It is an error to call this if size=0
inline T jm_vector_get_last(jm_vector(T)* a)
*/
#define jm_vector_get_last(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_get_last, T)

/**
  jm_vector_get_lastp returns a pointer to the last item in the vector. Zero pointer is returned if size=0
inline T* jm_vector_get_lastp(jm_vector(T)* a)
*/
#define jm_vector_get_lastp(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_get_lastp, T)

/**
\brief Function type for item comparison. Can be generated with jm_define_comp_f.

*/
typedef int (*jm_compare_ft) (const void* , const void*);

/**
\brief  A conveniece macro for comparison function definition

#define jm_define_comp_f(F, T, COMPAR_OP) is a conveniece macro for comparison function definition to be used in sort/search operations.
Here F - is the defined function name;
     T - type of the argument;
     COMPAR_OP(A,B) is a macro that returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first argument
is considered to be respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second.  If two  members  compare  as
equal, their order in the sorted array is undefined.
Default definition below is jm_diff and is implemented as (int)(first-second)
*/
#define jm_define_comp_f(F, T, COMPAR_OP) \
    static int F (const void* first, const void* second) { \
        return COMPAR_OP(  (*(T*)first), (*(T*)second)); \
    } \

#define jm_diff(first, second) (int)(first-second)

/**
  \brief jm_vector_find functions use linear search to find items in a vector. JM_COMPAR_OP is used for comparison.

  T* jm_vector_find(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, T item, jm_compare_ft f)

  size_t jm_vector_find_index(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, T item, jm_compare_ft f)

  @param a - the vector;
  @param item - the searched item;

  Return:
    T* jm_vector_find(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, T item, jm_compare_ft f)  returns a pointer to the found item or NULL if not found
    size_t jm_vector_find_index(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, T item, jm_compare_ft f) return the index of the found item or size of the vector if not found.
*/
#define jm_vector_find(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_find, T)
#define jm_vector_find_index(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_find_index, T)

/*
    jm_vector_qsort uses standard quick sort to sort the vector contents.
    JM_COMPAR_OP is used for comparison.

    void jm_vector_qsort(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, jm_compare_ft f);
*/
#define jm_vector_qsort(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_qsort, T)

/**
  jm_vector_bsearch uses standard binary search (bsearch) to find elements in a sorted vector.
  It returns the index of an item in the vector or vector's size if not found.
    JM_COMPAR_OP is used for comparison.

  T* jm_vector_bsearch(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, T* key, jm_compare_ft f)
  size_t jm_vector_bsearch_index(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, T* key, jm_compare_ft f)
*/
#define jm_vector_bsearch(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_bsearch, T)
#define jm_vector_bsearch_index(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_bsearch_index, T)

/**
  jm_vector_set_item sets the specified item. Range checking is done with an assert.
 void jm_vector_set_item(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index, T item)
*/
#define jm_vector_set_item(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_set_item, T)

/**
  jm_vector_zero sets all elements in the vector to zero
  void jm_vector_zero(T)(jm_vector(T)* a);
  */
#define jm_vector_zero(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_zero, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_resize resizes the vector
*   Input:
*     a - the vector
*     size - new size
*   Return:
*     size of the vector after operation. Can be less than size if memory allocation failed.
*     Note: resizing to smaller vector does not release memory.
*  size_t jm_vector_resize(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t size)
*/
#define jm_vector_resize(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_resize, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_reserve preallocates memory for the vector (to speed up consequent push_back)
*  Returns: the actually reserved space. Can be smaller than requested "capacity" if memory allocation failed.
*  Can be larger than "capacity" if more memory was previously allocated.
*  size_t jm_vector_reserve(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t capacity)
*/
#define jm_vector_reserve(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_reserve, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_copy copies source vector into destination.
*  Returns the number of elements actually copied (may be less than the source size if allocation failed).
*  size_t jm_vector_copy(T)(jm_vector(T)* destination, jm_vector(T)* source)
*/
#define jm_vector_copy(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_copy, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_clone creates a copy of the provided vector on heap and returns it.
*  Allocated capacity matches the size of the given vector. Returns the vector pointer or zero if memory allocation failed.
*  jm_vector(T)* jm_vector_clone(T)(jm_vector(T)* source)
*/
#define jm_vector_clone(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_clone, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_append appends source vector into destination.
*  Returns the number of elements actually appended (may be less than the source size if allocation failed).
*  size_t jm_vector_append(T)(jm_vector(T)* destination, jm_vector(T)* source)
*/
#define jm_vector_append(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_append, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_insert inserts an element at a given location.
*  Returns a pointer to the inserted element or zero pointer if failed
*  T* jm_vector_insert(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index, T item)
*/
#define jm_vector_insert(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_insert, T)

/**
* jm_vector_remove_item removes an item from the vector.
* Vector size is reduced by 1. Supplying index > size gives assertion fault.
* void jm_vector_remove_item(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, size_t index)
*/
#define jm_vector_remove_item(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_remove_item, T)

/**
* T* jm_vector_resize1(jm_vector(T)* a)
* Increase the size of the vector by 1 and return a pointer to the last item.
* Return 0 if memory allocation failed.
*/
#define jm_vector_resize1(T)  jm_mangle(jm_vector_resize1, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_push_back
*  Returns a pointer to the inserted element or zero pointer if failed.
*  T* jm_vector_push_back(jm_vector(T)* a, T item)
*/
#define jm_vector_push_back(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_push_back, T)

/**
*  jm_vector_foreach calls f for each element in the vector. "contect" parameter
*  is passed directly to the function as the second argument for the second version.
*  void jm_vector_foreach(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, void (*f)(T))
*  void jm_vector_foreach_c(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, void (*f)(T, void*), void * context)
*/
#define jm_vector_foreach(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_foreach, T)
#define jm_vector_foreach_c(T) jm_mangle(jm_vector_foreach_c, T)

/** @} */

/** number of items always allocated on the stack */
#define JM_VECTOR_MINIMAL_CAPACITY 16

/** maximum memory chunk (in items) to be allocated in push_back. */
#define JM_VECTOR_MAX_MEMORY_CHUNK 1024

/** Declare the struct and functions for the specified type. */
#define jm_vector_declare_template(T)		\
typedef struct  jm_vector(T) {                \
        jm_callbacks* callbacks; 			\
        T  *items;     				\
	size_t size;  				 \
        size_t capacity; 			\
        T preallocated[JM_VECTOR_MINIMAL_CAPACITY];			\
} jm_vector(T);					\
 \
extern jm_vector(T)* jm_vector_alloc(T)(size_t size,size_t capacity, jm_callbacks*);	\
    \
extern size_t jm_vector_copy(T)(jm_vector(T)* destination, jm_vector(T)* source); \
static jm_vector(T)* jm_vector_clone(T)(jm_vector(T)* v) {	\
    jm_vector(T)* ret = jm_vector_alloc(T)(v->size, v->size, v->callbacks);\
    if(ret) jm_vector_copy(T)(ret, v) ; \
    return ret; \
}\
        \
extern void jm_vector_free(T)(jm_vector(T) * a); \
    \
extern size_t jm_vector_init(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t size,jm_callbacks*);	\
\
static void jm_vector_free_data(T)(jm_vector(T)* a) { \
    if(a) { \
        if(a->items != a->preallocated) { \
          a->callbacks->free((void*)(a->items)); \
          a->items = a->preallocated; \
          a->capacity=JM_VECTOR_MINIMAL_CAPACITY;\
        } \
        a->size=0; \
    } \
} \
   \
static size_t jm_vector_get_size(T)(jm_vector(T)* a) { return a->size; } \
\
static T jm_vector_get_item(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index) { \
           assert(index < a->size); \
           return a->items[index]; \
}\
static T* jm_vector_get_itemp(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index) { \
           assert(index < a->size); \
           return (a->items+index); \
}\
 static T jm_vector_get_last(T)(jm_vector(T)* a) { \
        assert(a->size); \
        return (a->items[a->size-1]); \
} \
static T* jm_vector_get_lastp(T)(jm_vector(T)* a) { \
    if(a->size) return (a->items+(a->size-1)); \
    else return 0; \
} \
 static void jm_vector_set_item(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index, T item) {\
    *(jm_vector_get_itemp(T)(a, index)) = item; \
} \
extern size_t jm_vector_resize(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t size); \
extern size_t jm_vector_reserve(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t capacity); \
extern size_t jm_vector_append(T)(jm_vector(T)* destination, jm_vector(T)* source); \
extern T* jm_vector_insert(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, size_t index, T item);\
extern T* jm_vector_push_back(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, T item);\
extern T* jm_vector_resize1(T)(jm_vector(T)* a);\
extern void jm_vector_remove_item(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, size_t index); \
extern size_t jm_vector_find_index(T)(jm_vector(T)* a,  T *itemp, jm_compare_ft f); \
extern T* jm_vector_find(T)(jm_vector(T)* a,  T *itemp, jm_compare_ft f); \
extern void jm_vector_qsort(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, jm_compare_ft f); \
extern size_t jm_vector_bsearch_index(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, T* key, jm_compare_ft f); \
extern T* jm_vector_bsearch(T)(jm_vector(T)* v, T* key, jm_compare_ft f); \
extern void jm_vector_foreach(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, void (*f)(T)); \
extern void jm_vector_foreach_c(T)(jm_vector(T)* a, void (*f)(T, void*), void * data); \
extern void jm_vector_zero(T)(jm_vector(T)* a);

jm_vector_declare_template(char)
static jm_string jm_vector_char2string(jm_vector(char)* v) {
    jm_string str = "";
    if(v->size) return v->items;
    return str;
}

jm_vector_declare_template(int)
jm_vector_declare_template(double)
jm_vector_declare_template(jm_voidp)
jm_vector_declare_template(size_t)
jm_vector_declare_template(jm_string)
jm_vector_declare_template(jm_name_ID_map_t)

jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_voidp, int*, jm_diff)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_int, int, jm_diff)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_char, char, jm_diff)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_double, double, jm_diff)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_size_t, size_t, jm_diff)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_string, jm_string, strcmp)

#define jm_diff_name(a, b) strcmp(a.name,b.name)
jm_define_comp_f(jm_compare_name, jm_name_ID_map_t, jm_diff_name)

/**
@}
*/

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif


Daniel Day-Lewis may be the red-hot favourite for the best actor Oscar, but Hugh Jackman has at least one vote.
Jackman's Les Miserables co-star Russell Crowe announced via Twitter he has voted for Jackman, declaring his performance in the musical as more difficult than Day-Lewis's portrayal of US President Abraham Lincoln.
"Voted Hugh Jackman as Best Actor for the Oscars," Crowe tweeted.
"The character arc, the degree of difficulty, way more responsibility than any other nominee."
After dominating all of the lead-up Hollywood awards, Day-Lewis is expected to win the third Oscar of his career at the Academy Awards ceremony on February 24 for his performance in the biopic, Lincoln.
Jackman is a distant second favourite.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, which decides the Oscars, has about 6000 voting members who are the elite of Hollywood.
Australian members include Crowe, Nicole Kidman, Cate Blanchett, Jacki Weaver and Eric Bana, while the likes of Steven Spielberg, Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts are also in Hollywood's most respected club.
Crowe may get into hot water with the Academy for announcing who he voted for - doing so is frowned upon by the academy.


The My Status view provides a universal status monitor in the Main Window for all of your media channels.
You can view your status universally and by media type. Place the mouse pointer over the Global Status icon to view your status summary for each media to which you are logged in. For the voice channel, you can also forward your calls to a different extension.
You might be locked out of Workspace and have your status set to Not Ready, if you do not use your keyboard or mouse for an inactivity period that is defined by your administrator. If you are locked out of Workspace, you must reauthenticate and reset your status to Ready to receive new interactions.
In the ToolTip for the Global Status icon, you can verify the date and time of your last login. Place your mouse pointer over the Global Status icon to open its ToolTip.
The view of your state that other agents see might be configured to be based on a capacity rule. Your state on any channel might not be Busy until you are at capacity for that channel.
Use the My Channels tab to view and modify which interaction channels you are using.
To forward calls to a different extension, on the selected media channel, right-click in the Forward column and click Forward.
This action opens the Forward dialog box. Enter the extension to which you want to forward your calls and click Apply. Click Cancel to return to the My Channels tab without forwarding your calls.
If you have an active forward set and you want to disable it, on the selected media channel, right-click in the Forward column, and select Cancel Forward.
In the Cancel Forward dialog box, Click Apply to cancel the forward. To keep the forward active, click Cancel; this removes the active forward and changes the Forward status to No Active Forward.
Click the Global Status icon to open your status menu.
Select your status from the menu. The contents of this menu are defined by your administrator. Status choices might include Ready, Not Ready, Do Not Disturb, After Call Work, Not Ready with a reason, and Log On/Log Off.
Selections that you make from this menu are applied to all of the media to which you are logged in.
Retrieved from "https://docs.genesys.com/Documentation:IW:Help:My_Status:8.5.1 (2019-04-18 07:18:23)"


The Arizona Republic reported a bold move by the Congressional Leadership Fund, Paul Ryan's SuperPAC, to open a field office in Tucson. The strategy of the SuperPAC's Executive Director, Cory Bliss, is to canvass in Tucson in order to help Martha McSally in the most populous city in her District. Cory Bliss has had a great deal of success in special elections in several states where empty seats were left by Trump's cabinet, as reported by Forbes Magazine. You can read about Cory Bliss here.
The American Action Network is a non-profit that does not have to disclose it's donors. The Congressional Leadership Fund shares the same Board and Executive Director. SuperPACs cannot spend money on actual campaigns, they tend to use their millions on advertising attacking the opponents of the candidates they support. CLF spent $632,000 in attack ads against McSally's opponent, Dr. Matt Heinz, in 2016.
Here is a list of their donors.
Looking through the list of names and the industries they represent tells you a lot. They represent Wall Street, billionaires, oil & gas, the most loyal Trump supporters. The list tells a story of who McSally is beholden to.
At the top of the list of donors to the CLF is billionaire Sheldon Adelson and his wife who combined to give $20,000,000. These Sheldons' tax liability would decrease by $43 million under the AHCA. This is the healthcare bill supported by Paul Ryan, Trump and that McSally enthusiastically voted in favor of in May of 2017.
1. McSally is in trouble. The SuperPAC wouldn't be spending money this early if the healthcare vote didn't hurt her.
2. McSally's healthcare vote was bought and paid for by billionaires from outside our District. She promised to be an independent voice in Congress during her 2016 campaign, but it looks like billionaires got her tongue.
3. The presence of a field office in Tucson, whose volunteers will canvass door to door is ironic given her distaste for speaking to her constituents. In other words, Paul Ryan's SuperPAC is funding McSally's constituent engagement.


Traveling should be a fun experience. Even a work trip can be enjoyable if you can squeeze in a little sightseeing or a lunch break downtown in a new city. No matter where we go – there's always a photo opportunity. In the old days, we'd call them "Kodak Moments".
Traveling solo has really taught me a great lesson in human interaction. And it involves taking photos for complete strangers.
I'm not a fan of "selfie" photos. In fact, I absolutely hate the entire concept. Even if I did like it, I could never get just the right shot or approve of the goofy look on my face in the monitor. Photos should be special, thought out and the end product being a unique piece of art.
Considering I write and produce videos about people and places around the country, it's a given that I like to share photographs of where I've been or in the age of social media – what I'm doing right now. Since I've ruled "selfies" out – the only alternative in most cases, is handing my camera to a complete stranger.
Not so long ago, everyone had a different camera. Big cameras, small cameras, old cameras – God help us if we somehow screwed up that roll of film and walked out of Walgreens disappointed that a week's worth of memories were never really captured at all.
Digital, in particular the I-Phone, has made photography simpler for travel shots. Handing my phone to a person I've never met used to mean a 5 minute lecture about what button to push. Today, odds are that they also own an I-Phone, or at least a similar device where the layout is almost identical. How great to be able to let them push the button 10 times or more so you can be sure to get at least one good shot.
I decided awhile back that I would make an effort to help others with photos as well. Since none of us travel with a photographer on vacation – someone is going to be left out of a photo. Dad may take pictures of Mom and the kids. A husband may have to take a picture of the wife. Someone is always being cast as the photographer instead of being part of the memory.
So, I always make an effort to offer up my services to complete strangers who are missing out on being in the photo. And you know what? I've never been turned down. There's always a sigh of relief, sometimes complete shock that you'd take the time to help. The time is easy – it's usually 30 seconds to get a photo. But, what happens after is what's best. You usually build an instant bond with someone, or a group of people that you'd never talk to. Not at length anyway. In almost every case – you learn where someone is from, if they've been to the same place before and sometimes you get a great tip or hear a great story. At minimum, you get the same in return – a photo taken. That's almost never the plan, but if it happens – great. People almost always offer.
During a visit to the Smoky Mountains, I really made an effort to take as many photos as I could for people. Maybe I saw it as a game or maybe I was just in an incredible mood after seeing the amazing views up there. At one point, I was in my car about to drive away from a small parking lot after shooting some scenic photos of my own. I noticed in my side mirror what appeared to be a Mom and daughter trying to take a "selfie" photo in front of the mountains. I had already started the car, was about to leave – but couldn't. I put the car in park, hopped out and yelled across the lot, "I see you're struggling with that, do you want me to take your picture for you?" They were both excited and thanked me several times, amazed that a stranger would offer.
While you travel – seek out opportunities to be helpful and make good photos into great photos.


text:
Boris Johnson gives as good as he gets during Bristol heckling
October 31, 2012 Boris Johnson's columns	1 Comment
The mayor was on a tour of Bristol to show his support the Conservative candidates running in the city's mayoral and Police Crime Commissioner elections next month.
Mr Johnson is used to charming the public and often gets an enthusiastic reception, but a group of protesters who were less than thrilled by his arrival jeered "Tory scum" and "pleb".
Seemingly undeterred, the mayor gave as good as he got, urging the apparently divided group to "stick together" because he didn't want to "see a crusty civil war breaking out".
One man then thumbed his nose at the mayor, who retorted by making the same gesture.
Boris Johnson backs London Poppy Day appeal, 007 style
October 30, 2012 Boris Johnson's columns
The Mayor of London looked windswept but relaxed as he sped along the Thames on a motor boat before being winched aboard HMS Severn.
Mr Johnson admitted to having been rather nervous about the adventurous stunt, but said that, in the event, he had found it rather less stressful than expected: "If anything, in my view, the boat could have gone even faster."
He was there to launch the largest-ever London Poppy Day which, he said, would be the perfect forum for the public to show their support and gratitude for "the amazing professionalism of our armed services".
"I think people saw that during the
Newspapers are worth fighting for – even when they're wrong
October 29, 2012 Boris Johnson's columns	3 Comments
You can't "strike journalists off", as if they were accountants or lawyers or gynaecologists. They aren't a profession: they are a great pulsating rabble of people who are distinguished only by our desire – I will not say our ability – to write any old thing for any kind of ephemeral publication. Anyone can be a journalist. You just have to start a blog, break a few stories, and bingo, you are a household name.
Indeed, it seems incredible that we are proposing new regulation for the traditional forms of media just when they are facing the biggest threat to print since Gutenberg. I have it on good authority that they had a brainstorming session at the Guardian the other day, and discussed the possibility of axing the print version altogether. There is apparently a well-advanced plan to stop the presses, spare the trees and go completely online, within the next two years.
This story has now been officially denied by the Guardian politburo – a move that of course adds nothing but credence to the plot. Let me be clear about me and the Guardian. I don't think they have ever supported anything I have said or done. When I was standing against Ken Livingstone, they did a special supplement in which various members of the Lefty great and the good were invited to say what a prat/plonker/berk/buffoon I was. Many of them vowed to leave London if I were elected (a promise, sadly, they have not kept).
In spite of this strange hostility, I say to my Guardian friends: don't do it. It would be a national tragedy if we lost the paper version – the wood-pulp and ink version – of this historic publication. It's no use telling us that the content would all be there "online". Everything is online, a great charnel-house of porn and piffle. We need the Guardian lowering at us from the news-stands in all its highmindedness; we need to see people nodding over it gently on the Tube.
Take it online and you lose all political impact; you lose the vital editorial marshalling of the often excellent journalists and cartoonists and photographers into a single daily statement, a single product – and everything gets lost in the morass of Google news. We will always need a real and not a virtual Guardian.
Guilt-ridden Lefties will need it to swat the mosquitoes in Tuscany, or to light the wood-burning stoves in their second homes, or to line the tuck boxes of their little ones as they guiltily pack them off – like dear Polly Toynbee – to their fee-paying schools. And it would be a calamity for us Conservatives if we no longer knew what the enemy was thinking. We need a paper that is genuinely, viscerally hostile to anything that looks remotely like a spirit of enterprise and competition. We need a paper that believes capitalism is fundamentally flawed; that wishes fewer people had jobs in financial services; that thinks the euro was and still is a jolly fine idea; that dislikes the ideology of home ownership (except for Guardian journalists, who are allowed to have more than one); that dislikes anything "elitist" (except for the schools attended by the children of Guardian journalists).
We need a paper that believes the answer to all problems is more tax and more regulation. We need to have the enemy in plain view, on the table, in the shops – not skulking online. We need to know what not to think. So I appeal now to all Conservatives and indeed anyone interested in preserving our national heritage. Even if we only have a few hundred copies left, let us keep the Guardian's print edition – displayed in town halls, perhaps, like the People's Daily. Never mind the badger. Save the Guardian from extinction!
Don't honour a Brussels office block – give the Nobel to Maggie
Yes, instead of giving the prize to a clutch of ugly plate-glass office blocks in Brussels, the Nobel committee should have awarded it to Margaret Hilda Thatcher.
To understand why Baroness Thatcher deserves the Nobel prize for peace in Europe, you only have to think about the absurdity of giving the gong to the EU. It wasn't the Common Market that brought peace to Europe in 1945. I am afraid it was a series of other institutions: the Red Army, the US Marines, the Royal Air Force Bomber Command. They genuinely helped to pacify the continent, though you wouldn't think of nominating them for a peace prize.
It wasn't as if the EU was the body that helped to keep the peace during the Cold War. Most people would agree that was the work of Nato, and the threat of retaliation against Soviet aggression.
It wasn't the EU that went toe to toe with Russia over the stationing of Soviet missiles in Europe. It was Reagan and Thatcher. It was her ideas of free market democracy that inspired the peoples and politicians of Eastern Europe – and in some cases still do. Why not honour her, rather than a bureaucracy?
And look at where that EU machine is taking us now. The catastrophic programme for monetary union is continuing to impoverish the people of Greece and much of southern Europe. When the German chancellor paid a visit last week, to inspect the effects of the EU-imposed austerity measures, they had to protect Angela Merkel with 7,000 police – the largest such operation in history, and still there were protesters dressing up as Nazis.
In Spain, there are now thousands of young people fleeing for a better life in Latin America. The whole European economy is being held back by the fear that the euro will break up, when the ghastly truth is that a break-up is probably the best hope of salvation.
The solution on offer is more economic integration – a solution that is apparently supported by the British government – when that process of fiscal union will mean a hollowing out of democracy.
The reason the Greeks are turning out dressed as Nazis is that they feel as trampled on and as humiliated as they did when the swastika flew over the Parthenon. We are now proposing to give formal control of eurozone tax and spending policies to the EU institutions – a shorthand for German control. Far from ending tensions between EU countries, the euro project is now massively increasing them.
It is often said that two democracies have never been to war with one another. But when you make a mockery of democracy, and effectively hand tax and spending decisions to a foreign power, then you are creating the conditions for serious mischief. Vince Cable yesterday warned of "absolutely incalculable" consequences if the eurozone should rupture – but what does he think is happening now? We are already seeing neo-fascist parties in Athens and the agony of Greece is unabated.
All this Baroness Thatcher foresaw. She warned in her 1988 Bruges speech of the dangers of trying to create Identikit Europeans, when the peoples of EU nations were so different in their habits and productivity. She warned of a one-size-fits-all monetary policy and she spoke out strongly against the lack of democracy in the project. She has been completely vindicated.
According to José Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission, the Nobel prize is for all of us, in the sense that it is directed at all 500 million European citizens. Well, on behalf of millions of us, I suggest we turn down this meaningless award for an institution that has got things so badly wrong, and insist that it be handed instead to a woman who got it overwhelmingly right. Thatcher, not the EU, understood the route to peace in Europe.
Third Heathrow runway could triple pollution deaths
"On a nationwide basis, early deaths due to UK airport emissions decrease by a quarter relative to an unexpanded Heathrow," they wrote in the report by MIT's Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, which looked at pollution emissions at the top 20 UK airports.
"In other words, airport capacity would be expanded and health impacts reduced under the Thames Hub scenario."
Nationwide, the number of deaths linked to aviation pollution at current capacity will rise from 110 annually today to 250 in 2030, the report says.
A third runway at Heathrow would add a further 10 deaths a year because of an expected reduction in pollution at other airports, which will lose flights to the new, expanded hub.
MIT said a full academic paper on the subject had been accepted for publication in the journal Atmospheric Environment.
A spokesman for the Mayor of London said on Saturday: "The Mayor's team are keen to examine this latest research, which potentially adds further weight to why the Government should rule out now the possibility of expansion at Heathrow.
"There are clear environmental benefits from meeting the increasing demand for aviation at a hub airport located to the east of London, rather than the madness of expanding an airport that is already constrained by location, straining at the seams and in the heart of the western suburbs of London.
"The right thing for the Government to do is to return to the pledges it was elected on and rule out Heathrow expansion before the Davies Commission starts its work."
Mr Johnson repeated his call for a new "Boris Island" airport to the south-east of the city at the Conservative Party Conference last week.
He said: "We are not taking the decisive action that we need to make ourselves competitive with other European countries, with Dubai, with all these competitors of ours that are putting on new runways."
Expanding Heathrow during the current parliament was ruled out in the coalition agreement in 2010.
The Government has appointed former Financial Services Authority chief Sir Howard Davies to lead an independent commission into airport capacity needs.
But his final report is not due until summer 2015 – after the next general election.
A Department for Transport spokesman said: "Maintaining the UK's status as a leading aviation hub is vital to our economy. This is why we have set up an independent commission to look at all the options, which will naturally include an assessment of the environmental and social impacts of any proposal."
A Heathrow spokesman said: "The issue of air pollution is one faced by all major cities across the world.
Aviation is a far smaller contributor to air pollution than road traffic, however we are already taking significant steps to tackle the problem. For example, we subsidise local public transport so people can travel for free without the need for a car.
"We also charge airlines based on how green they are – so the cleanest aircraft are charged less to land at Heathrow."
Boris Johnson tells David Cameron to cut top rate of tax
October 9, 2012 Boris Johnson's columns	1 Comment
He accepted that Mr Cameron, under political attack from Labour for getting rid of the 50p rate, would not appreciate his public call for another tax rate.
"It's a difficult time, and I accept that people won't like to hear it, but it's the kind of point that you've got to make as Mayor of London which isn't necessarily welcome in No 10," Mr Johnson said.
It was the second time during the conference the mayor has openly differed with the Prime Minister, having earlier this week backed a return to academic selection in state school entry.
Mr Johnson is regarded by some Conservative MPs as a potential leader of the party, but would have to return to the Commons in order to take the post.
He insisted that he will not seek election as an MP before his mayoral term ends in 2016
But he repeatedly refused to rule out seeking a Commons seat after that, saying: "By that stage, it's really very difficult to say what I'll be doing … that is an awful long time in politics."
Mr Johnson was interviewed after his main conference speech, in which he poked fun at Mr Cameron but backed the Prime Minister to lead Britain to economic recovery and win the next general election.
Mr Cameron was in the hall to hear Mr Johnson praise his economic leadership.
"I know that David Cameron will win in 2015, when the economy has turned around and people are benefiting in jobs and growth from the firm leadership and the tough decisions you have taken," Mr Johnson said.
Ministers including Kenneth Clarke have said Mr Johnson should "calm down" and try to end speculation about his future.
Mr Johnson said he agreed, adding that he wanted to focus on his work in London. "Actually I would welcome the spotlight moving away," he said.
Still, his call for a tax cut will only reinforce his appeal to free-market Conservatives. The mayor's suggestion was echoed by Lord Forsyth, a former Cabinet minister.
Lord Forsyth, who once advised George Osborne on tax policy, said that the Chancellor has failed to cut and simplify taxes since taking office.
"He's complicated the system and he hasn't taken the action which is necessary to broaden the tax base and lower it," the peer said.
"Cutting the top rate to 40 per cent "would mean more money and therefore less pressure on lower-paid people", he said.
Boris Johnson: 'If I am a mop then, Dave, you are a broom'
October 9, 2012 Boris Johnson's columns
The Mayor of London wished David Cameron a happy birthday, before replying to the Prime Minister's earlier comment that Boris Johnson was a "blonde haired mop" with the retort that Mr Cameron is "a broom that is cleaning up the mess left by the Labour government".
Mr Johnson continued with the cleaning analogy to the laughter and applause of delegates to the Conservative Party Conference.
"I congratulate you and your colleagues George Osborne the dustpan, Michael Gove the J-cloth, William Hague the sponge. It is the historic function of Conservative governments over the last 100 years to be the household implements on the floor of the house, so effective at clearing up after the Labour binge has got out of control."
Boris Johnson endorses David Cameron amid leadership speculation
Boris Johnson appeared to dampen down speculation about his potential to be a future Tory leader with a resounding endorsement of David Cameron's government.
Speaking at a fringe event at the Conservative Party Conference on Monday night, Mr Johnson said believed the George Osborne and David Cameron were doing what was necessary for the country and that they deserved the backing on the Tory faithful.
"I believe that in tough circumstances he, George Osborne, the rest of the government are doing exactly what is needed for this country and to clear up the mess that Labour left".
He also said the Prime Minister "could deliver" through the rest of this parliament and beyond.
Conservative Party Conference 2012: Boris Johnson backs David Cameron
Boris Johnson backs David Cameron


Applications that require a graphics window, such as editors, browsers, or anything that pops open a new window, will not always work if run through SSH. This requires you to enable X forwarding with the -X option.
See our remote access page for more examples of this, and additional software you might need if using a mac or windows computer.


how to change turn signal bulb: How do I replace my turn signal bulb in a 02 Tacoma?
How do I replace my turn signal bulb in a 02 Tacoma?
I have a 2002 Toyota Tacoma, 4X4, V6. I need to change out the turn signal bulb. I bought the bulbs but have no clue how to fix it. Thus far the internet has been no help. Perhaps you can!


text:
A Szeretve mind a vérpadig Jókai Mór 1882-ben megjelent történelmi regénye. A mű a Rákóczi-szabadságharc idején játszódik, és Ocskay László életét dolgozza fel, valamint a korszak számos más fontos történelmi személyei is felbukkannak benne.

Történet

Nemzetes Tisza Istvánné nagyasszony egyetlen leányát, a még elég fiatal Ilonkát akarja férjhez adni, 1698-ban. Míg a lakodalomra készülnek, akkor érkezik egy szolga a hírrel az asszonyhoz, hogy egyetlen fiát, Tisza Gábort megölték párbajban. Az asszony titokban tartja ezt lánya előtt, hogy ne szegje kedvét. Az esküvő napján, mikor a vőlegényt várják, az már csak holtan érkezik, mert a labancok rajtaütöttek az esküvői meneten. Ilonka a kettős veszteségből csak a bátyját siratja, mivel a házasság nem az ő választása lett volna.

Megkezdődik a szabadságharc. Rákóczi oldalán tűnik föl egy ifjú hadnagy, Ocskay László, aki sorra nyeri a csatákat, foglalja el a várakat, és országszerte híressé teszik tettei.

Feldolgozások

Képregény
Szeretve mind a vérpadig címmel Cs. Horváth Tibor forgatókönyvéből, Sebők Imre rajzaival 1964-ben a Népszavában 1976-ban a Pesti Műsorban képregény jelent meg. 1986-ban a Kockás, később a Füles is közölte. Fazekas Attila saját kiadású képregényújságjában, a Botond a 18. számában 2011-ben újra megjelent a Jókai-regény feldolgozása.

Jegyzetek

Források
 Jókai Mór: Szeretve mind a vérpadig (Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1974)
 A regény szövege Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár
 A regény adatlapja a Moly oldalán

További információk
 Rákóczi mennykövéből a császár lángpallosa

Jókai Mór-regények
Történelmi regények
Az 1880-as évek regényei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Q. What size are Walden diplomas and certificates?
Diploma: Standard 11" x 14"
Certificate: 8 ½" x 11"
If you have additional questions or concerns, and your degree has already been conferred, please email graduation@mail.waldenu.edu.


Black Panther could win big at the Oscars this year because it is nominated for 7 categories including Best Picture. It was a big year for Marvel which Black Panther helped started when it was released in February 2018.
Let the video play while you read for a better experience.
The 7 nominations that Black Panther could win is listed below.
Black Panther was a box office success and it was a success on representing a black superhero that a young kid can imagine himself as. This film deserves a lot of praise for doing it right, the African setting, going all out with accents and the messages that it had in a Marvel film.
Director Ryan Coogler did an amazing job on pushing his vision to the big screen so the audience can enjoy and also relate to the story. Marvel also got Kendrick Lamar to make an album inspired by the Black Panther film which honestly was up there in top albums of the year for me. When the film came out it was breaking records like 5th Biggest Opening of All Time and gaining many other achievements. It is now the first superhero movie to be nominated for Best Picture!
Congrats to Marvel, Ryan Coogler and the cast for pulling off an amazing experience. If you haven't seen Black Panther for some odd reason, You can watch it now on Netflix. The Black Panther film is nominated for 7 Oscars which you will be able to watch on February 24th.


text:
[January 18, 2022 6:00 am ET] Ethiopian Predicts Higher Passenger and Cargo Capacity For 2022
[January 15, 2022 6:00 am ET] SkyWest Requests More Route Terminations
A Trent XWB engine. (Photo: James Dinsdale)
[ Planes ]June 21, 2018 12:54 pm ET
By Hemal Gosai
Rolls Royce Aerospace: The Engine Manufacturer Across the Atlantic
In the early 20th century, two men came together to start a company that would become world-renown in both car manufacturing and airplane engine manufacturing, Rolls Royce. Over the years, Rolls Royce had quickly evolved to become a major player in both fields, raking in over $16 billion in revenue in 2017 alone while supporting the livelihood of 50,000 employees across the globe. While the company has had its share of triumphs and tragedies, its history reminds us of how far…