text:
\section{Introduction}
Euphemisms are mild or indirect expressions used in place of harsher or more offensive ones. They can be used to show politeness when discussing sensitive or taboo topics  \cite{bakhriddionova2021needs} such as saying \emph{passed away} instead of \emph{died}, or as a way to make unpleasant or unappealing things sound better \cite{karam2011truths}, such as \emph{ethnic cleansing} instead of \emph{genocide}.  They can even be used as a means to conceal the truth \cite{rababah2014translatability}; for example, saying \emph{enhanced interrogation techniques} but meaning \emph{torture}. Euphemisms pose a challenge to natural language processing due to this figurative behavior, but also because they can have a literal interpretation in certain contexts. Furthermore, humans may not agree on what a euphemism is \cite{gavidia-etal:2022}. Thus, we consider any words/phrases used in this nature to be a \emph{Potentially Euphemistic Term} (PET).

In this paper, we present a proof of concept for finding PETs in an input sentence, and apply it to a novel euphemism corpus \cite{gavidia-etal:2022}\footnote{Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/marsgav/PETDetection}.}. We base our approach on several linguistic intuitions: (1) PETs tend to be commonly used expressions about a certain range of sensitive topics, (2) humans make a conscious lexical choice to convey politeness and formality and (3) because of their linguistic function, PETs should result in greater sentiment shifts when replaced by their literal interpretations; we experiment with distributionally similar alternatives as a source of such interpretations. Leveraging a variety of existing tools (Gensim's Phrases \cite{rehurek2011gensim}, word2vec classes \cite{mikolov2013efficient}, and roBERTa \cite{liu2019roberta}), we implement a simple algorithm to extract, filter, and rank PET candidates. Despite its simplicity, our approach is able to identify the target euphemism as one of the top two phrase candidates for 725 out of 1382 sentences in our test dataset. It also shows promising results in identifying PETs that were not originally marked, as well as for sentences outside our dataset. We believe our results and subsequent discussion are an important baseline for using distributional and sentiment-based methods for detecting euphemisms.

The structure of the paper is as follows: in Section 2, we discuss related work surrounding euphemisms. Section 3 provides details on the text data used, Section 4 describes our approach broken down into 4 stages: \textit{phrase extraction, phrase filtering, phrase paraphrasing and phrase ranking}. Section 5 includes our results and a quantitative and qualitative analysis, and Section 6 concludes with future work.

\section{Related Work}

Computational approaches to processing euphemisms \cite{felt2020recognizing,zhu2021self,zhu-bhat-2021-euphemistic-phrase,magu2018determining, kapron-king-xu-2021-diachronic,gavidia-etal:2022} have shown much promise, but the dynamic nature of euphemisms remains an obstacle.  A euphemism annotation task conducted by \citet{gavidia-etal:2022} shows that the inherent ambiguity of euphemisms leads to low agreement in what qualifies as a euphemism.  Through this task, the researchers found that some euphemisms are used so often to discuss sensitive topics (e.g., venereal disease as a euphemism for sexually transmitted disease), that they become \emph{commonly accepted terms}, or CATs.  Additionally, they find that even when annotators agreed on the intended meaning of a euphemism, e.g. \textit{slim} as a euphemism for \textit{skinny}, they still did not agree on the label of euphemistic vs. non euphemistic.  The nuance associated with euphemisms still remains one of the biggest challenges.

\citet{felt2020recognizing} were one of the first to tackle euphemisms from a computational standpoint. They leverage sentiment analysis to recognize \emph{x-phemisms}, which is the term they use to refer to both euphemisms and dysphemisms.  Whereas euphemisms are polite expressions to discuss sensitive topics, dysphemisms are purposely direct, blunt and can be derogatory.  They find near-synonym pairs for three topics: lying, firing and stealing, and use a weakly supervised bootstrapping algorithm for semantic lexicon induction \cite{thelen2002bootstrapping}.  They use lexical cues and sentiment analysis to classify phrases as euphemistic, dysphemistic or neutral. Their approach is interesting, as it is the first of its kind and their use of sentiment analysis to identify euphemisms has inspired our work.

\citet{zhu2021self} approach the task of discovering euphemisms from the lens of content moderation. Their goal was the detection of euphemisms used for formal drug names on social media. They define two problems: the first is the detection of euphemisms, and the second is identifying what the euphemisms found actually refer to. However, their view on euphemisms is different from ours, as they treat euphemisms simply as code words. This work is similar to \citet{magu2018determining}, who also explore euphemisms as code words in hate speech.  \citet{zhu-bhat-2021-euphemistic-phrase} and \citet{zhu2021self} both treat detection and identification as a masked language problem where they use a masked language model (MLM) as a filter to get rid of sentences that are not related to their seedlist of euphemisms and then again to find euphemistic candidates.  Like \citet{felt2020recognizing}, \citet{zhu2021self} and \citet{zhu-bhat-2021-euphemistic-phrase} show promise, though their narrow topic focus limit the kinds of euphemisms that can be found.

Lastly, \citet{kapron-king-xu-2021-diachronic} conduct a diachronic evaluation of euphemism usage between genders. While this work is not aimed at finding euphemisms, their work provides many of the PETs used in the creation of the Euphemism Corpus \cite{gavidia-etal:2022}, which we use in this paper.

\section{Data}
Our work utilizes a Euphemism Corpus created by \cite{gavidia-etal:2022} as our test data.  The raw text data for this corpus comes from The Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE)\cite{davies2015expanding}. GloWbE contains text data for 20 English speaking countries from websites, blogs and forums; this corpus is compiled using just a portion of the US Dialect of English text. \\
The Euphemism Corpus contains 1,382 euphemistic sentences, each annotated with one potentially euphemistic term per sentence.  These potentially euphemistic terms, or PETs \cite{gavidia-etal:2022} are single and multi word expressions that are used in a euphemistic sense.\\
Futhermore, we use the US Dialect of English portion of GloWbE to train a Phrases model (gensim) \cite{rehurek2011gensim} to create word collocations within our data which are then fed into a word2vec model to produce vector representations for the words in our corpus.  The following section explains both of these aspects in further detail.

\section{Our Approach}
The algorithm developed for this experiment performs the following sub tasks to identify a PET in a sentence:  \textit{phrase extraction, phrase filtering, phrase paraphrasing and phrase ranking}.  Simply put, the algorithm locates all of the single and multi word expressions within a sentence and through the subsequent tasks, determines which expressions may be a PET.

\subsection{Phrase Extraction}
We use the phrase (collocation) detection model, Phrases, in the Gensim library \cite{rehurek2011gensim} to identify single and multi word expressions within the US Dialect of English portion of GloWbE \cite{davies2015expanding}.  Phrases takes raw text as input and detects a bigram if a scoring function for two words exceeds a certain threshold.  It joins two unigrams into a single token, separated by an underscore. We use Phrases to train our data twice in order to create up to 3 word expressions to account for PETs like \textit{enhanced interrogation techniques}. Upon training, Phrases creates a Phraser object that can be applied to new text data to identify bigram and trigram expressions.  As such, we use this Phraser object on the Euphemism Corpus, resulting in identification of single and multiword expressions contained within it.

\subsection{Phrase Filtering}
The single and multiword expressions found with Phrases now need to be topically filtered. This step is essential in identifying the phrases that are related to a sensitive topic. We remove all stopwords, and then, leveraging the embeddings created with word2vec, calculate the cosine similarity between the phrases and a list of words representing sensitive topics \cite{gavidia-etal:2022}. These sensitive topics include: death, sexual activity, employment, bodily functions, politics, physical/mental attributes, and substances. We notice that many of the PETs in the Euphemism Corpus have a summed cosine similarity score above 1.5; therefore, we empirically set this as the threshold. Every phrase with a similarity measure above this is referred to as a \textit{quality phrase} and moves on to the next task of paraphrasing.

\subsection{Phrase Paraphrasing}
The idea behind paraphrasing a PET is that, in theory, if we replace quality phrases with "paraphrases" that are more literal, there should be a shift in the sentiment of the sentence.  Since using euphemisms can be seen as a conscious lexical choice made to avoid awkward or uncomfortable situations, when we choose to use a PET, our goal is to make our speech less negative, more positive and less offensive.
We test this by "paraphrasing" quality phrases using the top 25 most similar words as output by word2vec (excluding paraphrases which contain the quality phrase as a substring, as these are not really distinct alternatives) and perform sentiment analysis to measure negative, positive and offensive scores\cite{liu2019roberta} before and after replacement.\\
Using the distributionally similar words output by word2vec follows the intuition that phrase semantics are determined by their context, and that phrases which have the same mentions should have the same semantics \cite{li2022uctopic}.  We recognize that these are not official paraphrases; however, as seen by the example below for the PET \emph{intoxicated}, word2vec produces good results.\\

\includegraphics[width=0.98\columnwidth]{intoxsim.png}

From this list, we see that "drunk" and "under the influence of alcohol" would be considered literal interpretations of "intoxicated", and as such, would serve as suitable replacements for the paraphrasing task.
\subsection{Phrase Ranking}
To measure differences in sentiment and offensiveness of the original sentences before and after substituting with alternatives output by word2vec, we use a roBERTa base model trained on tweets for sentiment analysis and offensive language identification \cite{liu2019roberta}. We chose RoBERTa's sentiment and offensiveness models because they have been shown to be useful in distinguishing PETs from other phrases \cite{gavidia-etal:2022}. The specific scores we utilize are negative, neutral, and positive sentiment scores, as well as non-offensiveness and offensiveness scores. We calculate scores for all replacements and aggregate them into a single score as a measure of which PET had replacements that caused the greatest shift in sentiment. Reasoning that alternatives to PETs are likely more polarized than alternatives to non-PETs, we rank the quality phrases using this aggregate from highest to lowest. The phrases with the top 2 highest scores in each sentence are deemed to be PET candidates.

Empirically, we notice that both offensiveness scores tend to be particularly useful for distinguishing euphemisms from polarized (but otherwise non-euphemistic) terms, so we attribute more weight to them. We hypothesize that both non-offensive and offensive scores are useful because terms that are distributionally similar to PETs are likely to be either (1) similar, non-offensive alternatives or (2) their offensive alternatives. See Appendix~\ref{sec:sentshifts} for an illustration of the paraphrasing stage, along with sample sentiment shifts.

\section{Results and Discussion}
This section provides our quantitative and qualitative analyses and a discussion on the failures and limitations of our algorithm.

\subsection{Quantitative Analysis}
Table \ref{subtask-performance} summarizes the results from each step of our procedure.  The second column shows the number of total candidate phrases at every stage while the last column shows how many test sentences, out of 1382, still retain the target PETs in the list of candidates at that stage. Note the paraphrasing stage shows no changes as this stage is not meant to reduce the list of PETs.

\begin{table}[H]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{0.45\columnwidth}|p{0.2\columnwidth}|p{0.2\columnwidth}|}
\hline
\textbf{Stage} & \textbf{\# Candidates} & \textbf{\# Targets Retained}\\
\hline
Phrase Extraction & 31348 & 1251 \\
Phrase Filtering & 10503 & 1198 \\
Phrase Paraphrasing & 10503 & 1198 \\
Phrase Ranking & 2728 & \textbf{725} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{\label{subtask-performance}
A summary of the subtasks in our algorithm, along with the number of candidate phrases and PETs that were retained after each.
}
\end{center}
\end{table}
The algorithm correctly identifies the target PET in 725 sentences.  Additionally, through human evaluation, we find that it also identifies new non-target PETs in the data. Out of the 725 PETs deemed to have been successfully detected, 468 of them were ranked as the 1st place candidate, while 257 were 2nd place. Overall, this gives us a success rate of about \textbf{52.5\%}. Since there was an average of \textbf{7.6} phrase candidates per sentence, we calculate the chance of randomly selecting the target to be one of the top two candidates to be 2 * (1/7.6) $\approx \textbf{26.3\%}$. The sizable improvement over this baseline — which doesn't include new, non-target PETs that were detected — leads us to believe our results are significant.

\subsection{Qualitative Analysis}
Below, Table \ref{subtask-performance} includes an example of a correctly identified target PET as well as a new PET that was not annotated for in our test data.  While the target PET \textit{mentally disabled} is identified as the second top ranked phrase, we deem the first ranked phrase, \textit{intoxicated person}, to be a PET as well.

\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{X}
\textbf{Sentence:} \textit{in addition bats that are found in a room with a person who can not reliably rule out physical contact for example a sleeping person a child a mentally disabled person or an intoxicated person will need to be tested for rabies} \\
\textbf{Target PET:} mentally disabled \\
\textbf{ExtractedPhrases:} {[}'in', 'addition', 'bats', 'that', 'are', 'found', 'in', 'a', 'room', 'with', 'a', 'person\_who', 'can\_not', 'reliably', 'rule\_out', 'physical\_contact', 'for', 'example', 'a', 'sleeping', 'person', 'a', 'child', 'a', 'mentally\_disabled', 'person', 'or', 'an', 'intoxicated\_person', 'will\_need', 'to', 'be\_tested', 'for', 'rabies'{]} \\
\textbf{QualityPhrases:} {[}'bats', 'person\_who', 'can\_not', 'reliably', 'physical\_contact', 'sleeping', 'person', 'child', 'mentally\_disabled', 'intoxicated\_person', 'be\_tested', 'rabies'{]}\\
\textbf{RankedPhrases:} {[}(\underline{'intoxicated person'}, 2.898948520421982), (\underline{'mentally disabled'}, 2.7745959013700485), ('rabies', 2.036529041826725), ('physical contact', 1.7015496864914894), ('can not', 1.6931570619344711), ('sleeping', 1.267698973417282), ('person', 1.171182319521904), ('person who', 1.0447067320346832), ('bats', 0.9130769670009613), ('be tested', 0.864994041621685), ('reliably', 0.8625116124749184), ('child', 0.23687118291854858){]}\\

\end{tabularx}
\caption{Example of target PET 'mentally disabled' as second ranked phrase with new PET 'intoxicated person' ranked first. }
\end{table}

We include additional examples of sentences in which the target PET was correctly identified as a top two candidate phrase in Appendix~\ref{sec:successpets}. Appendix~\ref{sec:newpets} also showcases more new PETs that were found - by human evaluation. We discuss instances where our algorithm failed to detect a target PET in the following section.

\subsection{Failures}
The output candidates may not include the target PET for a couple of reasons: (1) it is not retained from the phrase detection or topic filtering stages, or (2) it produces a low sentiment or offensiveness shift compared to other candidates. Notably, for (1), we notice MWEs are sometimes not collocated properly, either because they aren't detected as a common collocation (e.g., 'between' and 'jobs' are never joined into a single phrase) or because they are collocated with other terms (e.g., 'almost\_lost' and 'my\_lunch' are detected to be MWEs, but as a result, not 'lost\_my\_lunch'). For (2), we notice that other candidates (polarized phrases or broad nouns in particular) simply produce higher shifts in all or most sentiment categories compared to the target PET. (See Appendix~\ref{sec:failures} for more examples.) As such, while simply computing the increases in sentiment scores and prioritizing offensiveness scores produces workable results for this proof of concept, there is a clear need to experiment with better methods for utilizing sentiment; this is left to future experimentation.

\section{Conclusion and Future Work}

Our work is a proof of concept for finding PETs in a given euphemistic sentence. While our algorithm produces significant results, we recognize the limitations of our work and propose the following ideas for advancement of this specific task. Firstly, we rely on the Gensim library for identifying multi-word expressions and obtaining word embeddings, but experimentation with different parameters and techniques (e.g., using different phrase extraction methods, different bigram scoring functions or contextualized word embeddings) may yield better results. Secondly, a mechanism for filtering each candidate's alternatives could help reduce the number of semantically dissimilar replacements during the paraphrasing stage. Next, while we only use aggregate increases in sentiment and offensiveness scores for ranking candidates, a variety of other methods (e.g., taking averages or maximums) and measures (e.g., indirectness and vagueness) may be useful for distinguishing PETs. Lastly, while the task of differentiating literal versus euphemistic usages of PETs is not a focus on this paper, our algorithm shows some promise on the issue (see Appendix~\ref{sec:newapps}), and it is an important task that could use future work; Appendix~\ref{sec:newapps} also shows the performance of our algorithm on unseen data.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.~1704113.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Thomas Cook shares? I'd rather buy this FTSE 250 dividend growth stock
Roland Head | Thursday, 11th July, 2019 | More on: DTG WIZZ
The Thomas Cook share price keeps falling. In the last month alone, shares in the troubled travel group have dropped about 27%. Over the last year, the fall is close to 90%.
I believe Thomas Cook shares are likely to end up at zero, as I explained in a recent in-depth article here at the Motley Fool. For this reason, I won't be going anywhere near TCG stock.
The good news is that for investors with an interest in this sector, I think there are some better opportunities elsewhere.
A winning choice?
One of the most successful stock market flotations of recent years has been budget airline Wizz Air Holdings (LSE: WIZZ). Shares in this flyer, which focuses on central and Eastern Europe, have risen by about 170% since the WIZZ IPO in March 2015.
However, recent comments from Western European budget airlines such as Ryanair and easyJet suggest short-haul operators may be starting to suffer from over-capacity on popular routes. This appears to be pushing down ticket prices and putting pressure on profits.
So far, there seems to be less evidence of this in eastern and central Europe, at least not at Wizz. The airline's latest results showed a 2.3% increase in average revenue per seat, which helped to offset higher fuel costs. By contrast, easyJet reported a 6.3% fall in revenue per seat in its recent half-year results, despite rising costs.
My view: Wizz Air expects earnings per share to rise by about 15% this year. The airline's load factor — the percentage of seats sold on each flight — is also improving. This key figure has risen by 1.6% to 93.2% over the last year, which I see as an encouraging performance. I'm not sure that Wizz Air is a bargain at current levels. But I expect this firm to remain successful and believe it could be a good long-term hold.
A better choice?
One company I rate very highly in the leisure travel sector is AIM-listed Dart Group (LSE: DTG). This £1.25bn firm operates the Jet2 holiday business and airline. It's also the owner of the Fowler Welch logistics business.
Figures released today show the company generated earnings of 98p per share for the year ended 31 March 2019, beating market forecasts for 95.1p per share.
These figures reflect a bumper year for the group. Pre-tax profit rose by 36% to £177.5m, while sales were 32% higher at £3,143.1m. Strong demand for Jet2 package holidays helped to support a good performance from the airline business.
What I'd do now
Given the cautious outlook reported by other airlines, Dart's views on the year ahead are arguably more important than Thursday's results.
The company says sales are still strong, but bookings are being made later than last year. This means pricing has to be "continually enticing."
The company says it's "optimistic" forecasts for the 2019/20 year will be met. This sounds hopeful to me, rather than confident, especially as analysts are already forecasting a 15% fall in earnings for the current year.
Despite this, I think DTG shares could turn out to be reasonably priced at current levels. Trading on 10 times 2019/20 forecast earnings, they don't seem overly expensive to me. I might consider opening a starter position in Dart at current levels, with a view to buying more shares at a lower price when the opportunity presents.
Roland Head has no position in any of the shares mentioned. The Motley Fool UK has recommended Wizz Air Holdings. Views expressed on the companies mentioned in this article are those of the writer and therefore may differ from the official recommendations we make in our subscription services such as Share Advisor, Hidden Winners and Pro. Here at The Motley Fool we believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Teișoru – wieś w Rumunii, w okręgu Vaslui, w gminie Pușcași. W 2011 roku liczyła 514 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Wsie w okręgu Vaslui

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


joyful and brightest of all Indian festivals.
over evil and the victory of light over dark.
cheer of festivity with everybody around.
Diya on my plate !!
There is a divine aura of the festive spirit around.
dipped in traditional brick red color or Geru !
monochrome and celebrate the essence joy around !!!
Wish you all a very Happy Diwali !!!


text:
in: Original Characters
This article is under construction and is as such, incomplete. Please do note this before reading and take it under consideration before commenting or editing. Thank you. Sincerely, The Nightwriter, creator.
Doki Doki Anime Club
Spud Ninja
Simon is a character from the Doki Doki Anime Club fangame. He functions as the anime club equivalent to Yuri. Like Yuri, he shows traits of timidness and humility, but has an interest in anime and science.
Warning! The following section contains spoilers for the up and coming "Doki Doki Anime Club". If you wish to experience the game blind when it releases, please do not read this section.
Simon was born in a small town in Florida. He's lived there his whole life and now goes to school there. He's well-known in the school for his academic brilliance, and has a few achievements under his belt, among them being winning the science fair in his Junior year. He joined the anime club when he heard about it on a student podcast. Being one of the first members, he gained the position of Treasurer. However, he had a troubled past. His father died of stress a few months before he was born, with his epitaph displaying only the minimum of "He was a good man." Upon discovering this lack of elaboration, Simon set out to make a full life. His mother currently resides in a hospital, fighting back against a life-threatening disease. He unknowingly suffers depression, often cutting himself to "satisfy a guilty pleasure." In his route, the player must work with Simon to uncover the truth behind some mysterious events happening. Starting with him borrowing a book titled "The Portrait of Markov" from Yuri, Simon starts suffering from intense and gruesome nightmares, and it begins to drive him crazy. MC then describes some strange dreams she's been having to him, and they decide to investigate together. They find that the "Portrait of Markov" was never actually published, meaning that the copy they have is one-of-a-kind. There's no additional info, but it peaks their interest since there are several adaptations of the story in existence. Yet, when searched up, they don't come up.
More Doki Doki Literature Club Fandom Wiki
1 Ako
2 Sayori
3 Midori


Before 1987's The Joshua Tree, U2 was the revolutionary flag bearer for post-punk idealists who were certain Reagan would blow up the world before they had a chance to drink legally. Then came With Or Without You, the strategic lead-off single whose melodic bassline and quasi-romantic delivery covered up the lyrics' tortured indecision almost as well as The Police's Every Breath You Take whitewashes stalking. Suddenly, you heard U2 at frat houses, wedding receptions, and on adult contemporary radio stations. U2 fans were understandably divided by the overwhelming success of The Joshua Tree, some lauding the band's sharpened pop songwriting, others lamenting the lack of politicised intensity that fuelled War. Though the songs still struggled with discontentment, the spotlight turned inward. I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For chronicles a person's search for truth, but it might as well have been describing U2's struggle with the mantle of "World's Most Important Band." The choice was evolve or die, and even if With Or Without You trod too deeply into Simple Minds territory, the band's ability to convey emotion via consummate soundscaping shone on the stark addiction tale, Running To Stand Still and the sorrowful, album-closing elegy, Mothers Of The Disappeared. As a high school journalist struggling for objectivity, I characterised The Joshua Tree as a good-but-imperfect continuation of the transition that began with Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois being brought in for The Unforgettable Fire. U2's next LP, I reasoned, would be the full blossom of their potential. I would live to eat those words, of course, but at least they tasted better than "This is a song Charles Manson stole from The Beatles - we're stealing it back!"


And I disagree with the idea that if the female teep trainee hadn't spaced the mundane she'd somehow have ended her career. Aren't P10's rather rate? One mistake on one "test" and you are out seems a rather careless attitude to take with sucha precious commodity.
If Bester's offer to space the mundane was sincere compassion for the girl, and I believe it was, it would hardly have been compassionate if accepting his offer would end her career. And, your point about P10's being rare is also pertinent. If she had declined to space the mundane, I think Bester would have counciled her, to try and toughen her up. If that had failed, she would have been given duties that didn't demand such a lack of compassion for mundanes. Possibly she would have had duties trying to rehabilitate teeps who messed up, where her compassion would be an asset.
That's how I figure it, too, though it may or may not have been Bester doing the "toughening". I got the impression he didn't serve regularly with any trainee.
Thank you for addressing the comment of my post, instead of nitpicking my horrible laptop typing.
Another creepy aspect of that: the guy definitely moves after he's spaced. So however long he lived, you know he felt it. Somehow, that's even creepier than just shooting him in the head, to me.
I suspect the Psi Cop progression works in a similar way to how certain... "institutions" rumoured to be connected to the police force (and another example from B5, the night watch) operate.
If you are naturally talented you can get a high rank job, but you don't move up into the higher echelons until you fulfill certain criteria.
It's pretty clear there are at least a few "good" high rankers in the Corps. Harriman Gray seems like a decent egg and he works in military investigations - presumably requiring more rank and P rating than a commercial.
And I disagree with the idea that if the female teep trainee hadn't spaced the mundane she'd somehow have ended her career. Aren't P10's rather rare? One mistake on one "test" and you are out seems a rather careless attitude to take with sucha precious commodity.
As you say, "It's interesting to see how people interpret what you write"
I didn't say that it would end her career. If that was a test, and if she hadn't willingly spaced that mundane, it probably would have kept her out of being a Psi Cop. There are other things a P12 could do (e.g. Instructor), and she was a P12, not a P10. IIRC, instructors are at least P10s.
Harriman Gray was a P10.
Speaking of Harriman Gray, I would love to see his character again.
Seriously. There were a lot of one-shot guest characters, even ones performed by good actors, that I never really liked. Herriman Gray was a one-shot that I really really liked. If we ever get the Telepath War told, I would enjoy seeing him involved.
If she was a candidate to become a Psi Cop she would have had to be a P12. And while P10s aren't common, they're not as rare as P12s. The distribution of teep abilities is probably described by a bell curve like most such things, with the very weak and the very stong being rare at either end and the vast majority in the middle. Psi Cops have support staff made up of lesser rankings, but actual Psi Cops themselves must be P12s - and also be tough enough to do "what is necessary" in Bester's eyes. Don't forget, he's planning a Teep War of his own for the future, in which "his" Teeps will take on, defeat and enslave (or exterminate) the mundanes. His elite forces will be drawn from the ranks of the Psi Cops, and he's molding them into his own little SS, the supermen who rule the other supermen. (I wouldn't want to be a P3 or a P5 under Bester's regime. I doubt his 12s would treat them much better than mundanes.) Lyta's revolt of the rogue Teeps against the Corps is probably the only thing that keeps the Teep vs. Mundane war that William Edgars and others foresaw, and which Bester was plotting, from coming to pass.
So yeah, I think that young lady would have been shunted into a training slot somewhere if she hadn't been up to Bester's challenge. Depending on how concerned Bester was about keeping his illegal activities to herself, I wouldn't be surprised if he were willing to kill her, too. Some have to be sacrificed for the greater good. Look at what he did to his own Black Omega Squadron when he felt it was in the long range interest of "his" Teeps.
I agree with Joe. It's much clearer if you read the Psi Corps trilogy but it's plenty clear in the show, too, that Bester cares for the Corps entire, NOT for individual teeps. He deep scanned one of his 'family' in "A Race Through Dark Places" and didn't care that it killed the prisoner teep. He sacrificed his Black Omega Squadron, he didn't seem to care if Jason Ironheart lived or not and on and on. As far as he's concerned, the end justifies the means as long as the end is for telepaths to run things.


Beautiful Markham meadow's townhouse in high demand Greensborough community, built by award winning Green Park. Only one year new, 9 feet ceiling, oak wood floor and stairs. Close to St. Brother Andre High School, Mount Joy GO station. Great opportunity for investment and first home buyer. 24 hours' notice for all showings. Buyer must assume existing tenancy until September 5, 2019. AAA tenant $1,850/mo.


For the first time in Canada, Kit Kat is celebrating Chinese New Year with new Kit Kat 2 Finger Orange. The special eight bar multipack has a removable sleeve with Chinese New Year graphics and a slot for 'red pockets' filled with money - a traditional gift during the season.
Kit Kat Orange – A perfect gift for Chinese New Year!
Kit Kat 2 Finger Orange is a perfect balance of delicious orange-flavoured milk chocolate with a light, crispy wafer. Each two finger bar has 110 calories, making it an ideal gift or special treat, or for sharing with family and friends.


When it comes to issues like obesity, with its myriad contextual factors underpinning the causes, it is very useful to look at trustworthy numbers that tell us how much a population-wide intervention is going to cost, how well it's going to work, and whether or not we'll end up "in front" so to speak.
This table, from one of a series of Lancet articles on obesity and its cost to society, spells it out quite clearly.
Posted on August 29, 2011 by adamgdunnPosted in UncategorizedTagged Australia, lancet, obesity, public health.


Lamborghini - Model Motorcars, Ltd.
Following up on the release of our replacement tires for the Lamborghini Aventador Coupe, we are very excited to release our replacement tires for Pocher Aventador Roadster.
Our tires are flexible so you don't have to heat them, they have the right feel, the perfect color and… just as with the tires on the prototype, they deflate under the weight of the model.
Our tires fit the rims that come with your kit and are an excellent addition to your Lamborghini build. They are sure to give it an even greater level of detail and realism and we know you are going to be thrilled with the results.
Pocher has announced the new 1:8 scale Lamborghini Aventador Roadster Kit in metallic blue and metallic white, as well as a new color for the Coupe; matte black!
Stay tuned to our site because we will be announcing tires for these new roadster kits soon.
As we have built new Replacement Tires for all the Pocher marquees: it was only natural we would build them for the new Pocher Lamborghini Kit.
They are flexible (no need to heat! See instruction photo from the Kit manual below), the right feel, color and…as the photo above shows they deflate. The secret was in the rib we built into the Tire. We were concerned the weight would squish the Tire, but, the rib holds them perfectly.
When a new raging bull conies out of Sant'Agata Bolognese, Bologna that's a big deal. And when a new Pocher model comes out, well... that's a real!,' big deal. And in 2013, the world was treated to both in the form of the Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4. Both the road-going model and the Pocher are rare, beautiful and exciting from every perspective. And this Aventador Reference Photo CD by Model Motorcars brings you every perspective in hi-resolution detail with hundreds of interior, exterior, engine and detail photos. From the LED headlights glowing up front to that 700 horsepower beast growling in the back, this CD is guaranteed to to provide you unique and invaluable views of the prototype that you can refer to as you build your own Pother Aventador.
Premium-quality showcase, specially designed to present and protect your Pocher Lamborghini Aventador 1:8 model kit.
The case is made of highly transparent acrylic glass of 5 mm thickness and the black wooden base is fully velvet flocked.
The showcase also features holes and screws to fix the Lamborghini Aventador kit on its base.
Car and plate not included in the showcase. The metallic name plate comes with each kit.


The launch party was held earlier today (Feb 15) and it's still on-going at the time of this publication.
Organised by PLAY Interactive, this activity filled event (link to FB event page) is also the time where the Pre-ordered copies of Street Fighter V will be distributed, at midnight of course.
Gaming and other activities aside, there were also merchandise for sale.
And that marks the start of the arrival of Street Fighter V to Malaysian shores. Game on!
© 2007 - 2019 goldfries.com | Powered by WordPress | Theme by goldfries | 70 queries in 0.931 seconds.


text:
Pak FM Dar says people behind Bajwa's income tax records leak identified
Islamabad [Pakistan], November 23 (ANI): Assuring a "logical conclusion" for the report related to the leak of Army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa's income tax records, Finance Minister Ishaq Dar shared that people behind the leak have been identified.
Dar received the interim report on Tuesday and repeated that leaking the army chief's income tax returns was "illegal," reported Geo News.
He shared that one person involved in the leak is from Lahore and another from Rawalpindi.
However, he added that there is a possibility that some of the individuals involved may have the authorisation to look at the income tax records as there is a "circle" in Rawalpindi where assessments take place, reported Geo News.
"These people are authorised to access (data) for their assessment," said Dar.
The finance minister believed that if "illegal work" is allowed or a blind eye is turned towards it then a person will not be fulfilling their duty, reported Geo News.
"The law does not allow the release of the army chief or anyone else's income tax returns without a court order," said the finance minister.
A day earlier, Finance Minister Ishaq Dar took notice of the "illegal and unwarranted" leakage of tax information of Gen Bajwa's family members, reported Geo News.
"This is clearly a violation of the complete confidentiality of tax information that the law provides," a statement from the Finance Division had read.
In view of this serious lapse on the part of to-date unknown functionaries, Dar had directed Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Revenue Tariq Mehmood Pasha to personally lead the probe, affix responsibility, and submit a report within 24 hours.
"I have seen the interim report. I hope to receive the final report today," Dar told Geo News. He added that the government has found a few people behind the leak and the issue will reach its logical conclusion.
Notably, a damaging report has shed light on the sharp rise of wealth of close family members of the most powerful person in the country in a span of six years, less than two weeks before Bajwa's tenure is about to end.
Writing for Fact Focus, Pakistani journalist Ahmad Noorani has unearthed how Bajwa's immediate and extended family members, in a matter of few years, started a new business, became owners of farmhouses in prominent Pakistani cities and bought foreign properties, making billions of dollars in the process.
The investigative report by Fact Focus is supported by a lot of data that looks into the financial dealing of Bajwa's family including his wife Ayesha Amjad, his daughter-in-law Mahnoor Sabir and other close family members.
"Within six years, both families become billionaires, started an international business, purchased multiple foreign properties, started transferring capital abroad, become owners of commercial plazas, commercial plots, huge farmhouses in Islamabad and Karachi, an immense real estate portfolio in Lahore, and so on. The current market value of the - known - assets and businesses within Pakistan and outside accumulated by the Bajwa family during the last six years is more than Rs12.7 billion," Noorani wrote.
Based on tax returns and other financial statements, the Pakistani journalist noted how between 2013 and 2017, Bajwa revised the wealth statement for 2013 three times, after being appointed country's army chief.
"In the revised wealth statement for the year 2013, General Bajwa added a commercial plot in phase VIII of DHA Lahore. He claimed that in fact he had purchased this plot back in 2013 but forgot to declare. He would continue to forget for the next four years and could only remember his omissions in 2017, one year after becoming army chief," he wrote in Fact Focus.
Back in 2016, Ayesha Amjad declared eight "Any Other Assets", without giving much detail. However, this was revised on April 17, 2018, when Bajwa became the Pak army chief. She declared that the net value of her assets during the previous financial year, 2015, was zero.
But within six years, after dubious dealing of residential and commercial plots, her wealth went from zero in 2016 to Rs 2.2 billion - "not including residential plots, commercial plots, and houses given by the army to her husband."The change in fortune of Bajwa's daughter-in-law Mahnoor Sabir is equally amazing.
"The total worth of a young woman's declared assets was zero in the last week of October 2018, it jumped to more than one billion (Rs 1271 million) just one week before her marriage on November 02, 2018," Ahmad Noorani wrote.
Though Mahnoor Sabir declared these properties to the FBR in 2018, the report added that the filing retrospectively stated that these properties were acquired in the tax years 2014, 2015, and 2016.
This report on Bajwa comes on Sunday, a day before the process for the appointment of a new army chief is likely to start. The content of Fact Focus is so damaging that the website of the publication is reportedly being blocked in Pakistan.
"FactFocus website being blocked in Pakistan. We will fight censorship. Please use VPN. Free VPNs are available in app stores. Or use the one you use to watch "those" sites," the publication tweeted on Sunday. (ANI)
23rd November 2022, 09:18 GMT+11


text:
Nicholas William Peter Clegg PC MP (nascut el 7 de gener de 1967), conegut com a Nick Clegg, és un polític britànic que fou viceprimer ministre del Regne Unit des de l'11 de maig de 2010 fins al 8 de maig de 2015. Diputat per Sheffield Hallam, va ser, des del 18 de desembre de 2007 fins al 16 de juliol de 2015 el líder dels Liberal Demòcrates, havent estat candidat a primer ministre britànic a les eleccions del maig de 2010. Fou nomenat membre del Consell Privat al 30 de gener de 2008 i va acceptar el càrrec el 12 de març següent.

Va estudiar arqueologia i antropologia al Robinson College de (Cambridge). Va participar en el teatre estudiantil i va fer campanya per al Survival International, per a la protecció dels drets dels pobles indígenes amenaçats. Després de la universitat se li va atorgar una beca per estudiar a la Universitat de Minnesota durant un any, on va escriure una tesi sobre la filosofia política de l'ecologia profunda. Després es va traslladar a Nova York, on va treballar com a passant de Christopher Hitchens a The Nation, una revista d'esquerres. L'any següent, Clegg va passar a Brussel·les, on va treballar en una unitat de coordinació de lliurament d'ajuda als països de l'antiga Unió Soviètica. Després va obtenir una segon mestratge al Col·legi d'Europa de Bruges, on va conèixer la seva dona, l'espanyola Miriam González Durántez. Clegg parla neerlandès, anglès, francès, alemany i espanyol.

L'abril de 1994 va ocupar un lloc a la Comissió Europea per treballar en el programa TACIS. Durant dos anys va ser responsable del desenvolupament de programes d'ajuda directa, per valor de 50.313.000€, a l'Àsia Central i el Caucas. Va estar involucrat en les negociacions amb Rússia sobre drets de sobrevol de les línies aèries, i va posar en marxa una conferència celebrada a Taixkent el 1993, que va fundar TRACECA -el corredor de transport d'Europa, el Caucas i a Àsia, també coneguda com a «Nova Ruta de la Seda». El comissari de Comerç Leon Brittan va oferir a Clegg un treball a la seva oficina privada, com a assessor sobre la Unió Europea i escriptor de discursos. Com a part d'aquesta funció, Clegg va estar a càrrec de l'equip de la CE en les negociacions d'adhesió de la Xina i Rússia a l'Organització Mundial del Comerç.

Clegg va ser seleccionat com l'euro-candidat Liberal Demòcrata a la regió de Midlands de l'Est el 1998. Després de la seva elecció el 1999, va ser el primer diputat liberal elegit a la regió de Midlands de l'Est des de 1931.

Clegg va decidir abandonar Brussel·les el 2002, argumentant que la batalla per convèncer el públic dels beneficis d'Europa s'estava lliurant a casa seva, no a Brussel·les.

Després de les eleccions de 2006 per al lideratge del partit Liberal Demòcrata, Clegg va ser promogut a portaveu d'Afers d'Interior. Després de la dimissió de Campbell, Clegg va ser considerat per gran part dels mitjans de comunicació com a principal candidat en l'elecció de lideratge.

En el seu discurs d'acceptació després de la seva victòria en la batalla per al lideratge, Clegg es va declarar «un liberal per temperament, per instint i per educació» i que creu que «Gran Bretanya és un lloc de tolerància i pluralisme». Ell va declarar que les seves prioritats són la defensa de les llibertats civils i protegir el medi ambient.

Persones de Buckinghamshire
Polítics anglesos
Membres del Consell Privat del Regne Unit
Diputats al Parlament Europeu en representació del Regne Unit
Militants dels Liberal Demòcrates
Alumnes de la Universitat de Minnesota
Alumnes de la Westminster School
Knights Bachelor


text:
Andrew Swift - Call Out for the Cavalry
Those familiar with Swift's impressive first record will notice the left turn taken on follow-up Call Out For the Cavalry. The classic sound of American roots country fits him like a glove. One would think from listening to assured tracks like 'Reckless Desires' and 'Ball & Chain' that Swift has been plying his trade in the Australian alt-country scene since he picked up a guitar. But this is new territory for Swift and he's quickly acclimatized.
"So much has changed for me musically between the first album and this one," says Swift. "In hindsight, I think I was floundering around the Melbourne music scene, not too sure of where I belonged."


These nouns do not exist in the singular form and are usually described as "plural-only nouns".
My trousers are dirty. I need to wash them.
We cannot use them with numbers.
Many plural-only nouns are tools or items of clothing that have two parts (like trousers, which have two legs).
Because the above examples have two parts, we can refer to them as "pair of" or "pairs of" to quantify them.
To talk about one item we can say a pair of, one pair of, my pair of, this pair of etc. To specify more than one item we can say two pairs of, three pairs of etc.
I need a new pair of sunglasses.
You can get rid of that old pair of headphones.
I'd like to buy one pair of boxers and two pairs of jeans.
glass, glasses (countable noun): a container for drinking from. I'd like two glasses of orange juice please.
glass (uncountable noun): transparent material used for windows, screens etc. Be careful not to break the glass.
Make sure your belongings are tagged with your name before you check them in.
Her thanks were clearly sincere.
If your clothes are wet you can dry them upstairs.
The outskirts of Washington are really pretty and they stretch for miles.
1. I lost my scissors. Have you seen _______?
3. I need a _______ glasses to protect my eyes.
4. Her clothes _______ you really well.


text:
Movie Scientist Blogathon 2016- The Menacing Altruism of Boris Karloff!
Hosted By Christina Wehner & Silver Screenings
This is a Blogathon I just couldn't resist, aside from the nifty idea, I always love the opportunity to cover one of my favorite actors… the great Boris Karloff. Corridors of Blood is a fine example of how Karloff's benevolent charisma always manages to create a sympathetic 'monster' either virtual or psychologically. He appeared in several films as the altruistic scientist seeking and working toward the ultimate good, only to inadvertently create a creeping chaos unraveling in a most horrific way.
Boris Karloff as the evil Mord in director Rowland V. Lee's Tower of London (1939) not a sympathetic character but a true villain who elicits no "I wish Boris Karloff was my Grandpa" from me while watching this historical horror play.
Speaking for myself and I am assured a gazillion other fans, even at his most nefarious, we never fail to align ourselves with most of Karloff's characters, perhaps with the exception of the sadistic Mord in Tower of London (1939) and the maniacal Master George Sims in Bedlam (1946). But, for most of his performances, including his poignant portrayal of Mary Shelley's eternally replicated monster, we began to see the depth of Karloff's craft. It's an art form in and of itself to be able to manifest personae that can be simultaneously benevolent and menacing, accessible and yet frightening- the ultimate anti-hero… (Vincent Price has that awesome quality as well). It is this gift that makes Karloff so beloved and so compelling to watch over and over again!
Thanks once again to Christina Wehner and Ruth from Silver Screenings for coming up with a fantastic topic and allowing me to come out and play!
Boris Karloff as the most sympathetic monsters of all time-Mary Shelley/James Whale/& Jack Pierce's Frankenstein's monster!– courtesy of Dr. Macro
From Boris Karloff More Than a Monster: The Authorized Biography by Stephen Jacobs " The scriptwriters had the insane scientist transplant brains, hearts, lungs and other vital organs. The cycle ended when they ran out of parts of anatomy that could be photographed decently." Boris Karloff (1962)
CORRIDORS OF BLOOD (1958)
Source: From A Day-by Day Guide to 366 Horror Films -A Year of Fear by Bryan Senn: According to Senn's marvelous book that includes some wonderful obscure gems, Corridors of Blood (1958) was promoted with this sensationalist trailer-
"You'll take shock after shock after shock! Don't hold in your terror; shriek if you must!"
And this quite sobering historical horror/melodrama at times does create several shocking moments, acid thrown in someone's face, defenestration that result in death by impalement, asphyxiation by pillow, & surgical amputation without anesthesia.
Mr Blount: "A good day's work, Bolton! You're getting faster all the time. Beats me how you do it!" Dr. Bolton: [Bitterly] "No matter how fast I still can't save them!" Mr Blount: "Yes, most distresing, but, alas, inevitably you can't have operations without screams. Pain and the knife, they're inseparable!" Dr. Bolton: "I beg to differ. Someday surgery must and will be made painless."
Produced by John Croydon, and directed by Robert Day, The Haunted Strangler and Corridors of Blood were shot back to back and released both in 1958.
Directed by Robert Day (First Man into Space 1959, SHE 1965, slew of superior tv movies such as, The House on Green Apple Road 1970, Ritual of Evil 1970, In Broad Daylight 1971, The Initiation of Sarah 1978 and television dramas: The Streets of San Francisco, The Name of the Game, Circle of Fear, Police Story, McCloud, The Sixth Sense, The Bold Ones, Bracken's World, & Ironside.)
Corridors of Blood stars Boris Karloff as the kindly Dr. Thomas Bolton, Francis Matthews as Jonathan Bolton, Betta St. John as Jonathan's girlfriend Susan, a standout performance by Christopher Lee as Resurrection Joe, a surly and imposing agent of death!
Finlay Currie as Superintendent Matheson who believed at first in believed at first in Karloff's surgical demonstrations.
Adrienne Corri (Doctor Zhivago 1965, A Clockwork Orange 1971, Vampire Circus 1972, Madhouse 1974) as Rachel : "Some day you'll wiggle that bottom of yours just once too often." speaking to Yvonne Romain (Circus of Horror 1960, Curse of the Werewolf 1961, Night Creatures 1962), as Rosa. Carl Bernard as Ned, the Crow and Francis De Wolff as Black Ben –all dwellers of The Seven Dials.
Corridors of Blood lobby card featuring Yvonne Romain as Rosa and Christopher Lee as Resurrection Joe
Buxton Orr (Fiend Without A Face 1958, First Man Into Space 1959, Suddenly, Last Summer 1959, Doctor Bloods Coffin 1961 and The Snake Woman 1961) is responsible for the music– a dark and threatening score that underlies some of the more disturbing scenes. Cinematographer Geoffrey Faithfull, (Village of the Damned 1960, Murder She Said 1961, Panic 1963) has done a marvelous job of creating a shadowing world lit with menacing ambiance.
Absent is the traditional monster terrorizing the villagers in the picture, it is more centered around the doctor/scientist who is at the heart of the narrative and his scholarly & personal struggle to find answers hidden in the world of science and medicine. The film opens with the inhabitants of The Seven Dial's tavern hearing the bell ringer summon the doctor to surgery. The whole effect is very reminiscent of a darkly melancholy Lewtonesque panorama. Once the bell peels throughout the town, even the butcher stops his very aptly to the scene, hacking away at the meat on his table in order to follow to hospital and the operating theater. The camera close up on the door might as well say 'welcome to hell.'
Putting down the saw dust to catch the blood that drops from the victims… uh, I mean patients!
With no anesthetic — they must strap the victim… Uh, I mean patient down to the operating table so they won't be bothersome during the amputation! Notice the fellow to the left wiping the knife with his hanky… very sanitary.
From Hammer and Beyond: The British Horror Film by Peter Hutchings
"the working-class patient functions as the object for the scientist's often very painful experiments; this in turn might be read as enacting a suspicion and fear of the notion of the nurturing Welfare State, which, as our earlier analysis of The Quartermass Experiment has demonstrated, was apparent in many areas of British cinema in 1950s. The differences between the two films are quite striking , however. Corridors of Blood was (like Grip of the Strangler) shot in black and white and strives for a realism which rarely concerned Hammer. The operations—done without anesthetic in Corridors of Blood are painfully authentic; the image of Karloff frantically trying to conduct the operation as quickly as possible stands poles apart from Cushing's cool relish of his surgical skills in the Frankenstein cycle."
"The Karloff figure in both of Day's films is a man crushed by the world in which he lives and works."
"Distinguishing features of 1950s Hammer Horror.These non-Hammer films -Blood of the Vampire, Flesh and the Fiends, Corridors of Blood and Grip of the Strangler (The Haunted Strangler)—certainly deal with issues that are also handled by Hammer: for example, the questionable authority represented by the figure of the scientist (in a nuclear age that saw the formation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) and the cruelty implicit in the medical objectification of the patient. But the stress laid by these productions on failure and defeat, especially in Corridors of Blood, immediately sets them apart from a more robust and assertive Hammer Horror."
Karloff in the Croydon/Day film The Haunted Strangler (1958) released back to back with Corridors of Blood (1958)
Peter Cushing appeared in the gorier Hammer horrors The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) & The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958) here with Francis Matthews as Doctor Hans Kleve in Revenge of Frankenstein
The Seven Dials, scenes are as Jonathon Rigby so aptly remarks not only captures the 'back-alley squalor' of the Seven Dials district but cites Tom Weaver's impression in his meeting with Richard Gordon that the film is very "Dickensian" Rigby also describes beautifully the mood of the atmosphere… "in a grimy chiaroscuro and peopled with unwashed grotesques like Ned, the Crow." A peg legged miscreant played by Carl Bernard. The Art Direction by Anthony Masters, (The Story of Esther Costello 1957, The Day the Earth Caught Fire 1961, 2001, A Space Odyssey 1968, Papillon 1973) adds another layer to the film with it's lavish quality that confronts the dark and seamy side of life. Utilizing the MGM Studios in London, the crew had access to the studio's incredible resource of their wardrobe department. thus, Corridors of Blood also features superb as well as authentic period costuming, in the time when medicine was grasping at discovery, cures and new techniques in the surgical arena.
Bolton-"I can't sign that, I don't know how he died!"
Ben- "it's a favor for a favor doctor. You want your book, hospitals want bodies!"
Richard Gordon, he talks a bit about Corridors of Blood with Tom Weaver who asks Gordon about the wide of the mark film title that suggests more gore than historical drama. "Corridors' lurid title and ad campaign added up to audience disappointment in the film when people got a movie about anesthesia."
He had this to say about the film's hybrid quality of being a medical melodrama mixed with elements of the horror picture. "I think the problem with Corridors of Blood is that it's really a hybrid film which isn't one thing or the other…{…}… It's not enough of a horror film like , lets say The Haunted Strangler, and yet it's too much of a horror film to be regarded as a picture dealing seriously with surgery and with the medical profession in that era. To my mind the finished film falls in the middle, and I wasn't too happy with the way it turned out. But I thought that Karloff gave an extraordinarily good and convincing performance in it"
From English Gothic a Century of English Gothic by Jonathan Rigby-"For Grip of the Strangler, Richard Gordon's deal with Boris Karloff's agency, MCA had included 'an option on a second film to be exercised within a certain period of time – subject to Karloff's availability naturally." (quoted in Tom Johnson Grip of the Strangler/Corridors of Blood in Midnight Marquee actors series Boris Karloff 1996)
Rigby goes on to talk about Gordon's plans for a 'lavish' production, costume piece/horror that would be a widescreen film called Dracula's Revenge (because we needed another one of those!), but things were happening over at Bray Studios, and The Doctor at Seven Dials started production at MGM Borehamwood in May of 1958 using Robert Day as Director of the picture. What's unfortunate because of mismanagement at MGM the film was not released until September 1962, using the more inciting & compelling title of Corridors of Blood to feed the audiences who craved more provocative exploitation tags & narratives. To prove this thirst for catchy titles, the film was released in the US along side the wholly inferior Werewolf in a Girls Dormitory.
"It's surgical horrors must have seemed no more than business as usual , but for it's time, it is remarkably graphic. And it's made all the more disturbing by the uneasy mixture of exploitative detail with a surprisingly serious, semi-historical account of the discover of anesthesia."
In this story it deals with Dr Bolton's quest to find the right anesthetic to relieve the patient of pain during invasive surgeries. Bolton is dedicated at all costs to take away the suffering of his patients.
Encyclopedia Edited by Phil Hardy "As such, it is an extremely puritanical spectacle in which sadism substitutes for sex, repressing the complex unconscious links between them. In Freda's move, or in Mario Bava's Sei Donne per L'Assassino (1964) , the links between sexuality, sadism and cinematic representation are the very subject of the films, enmeshing viewers in an oneiric delirium."
The Alternative title was Doctor from Seven Dials but MGM were against it, for fear that audiences would not make the connection to the area around London.
Initially, I had paired the two films together The Haunted Strangler & Corridors of Blood, I later learned that both films were in fact shot back to back by the Croydon-Day-Karloff team. I decided not to cover The Haunted Strangler however there is an odd paranormal-scientific phenomena, Karloff plays a journalist and not a scientist who inadvertently is taken over by the soul of the Hay Market Strangler. The Haunted Strangler was paired with another Croydon production Fiend Without A Face double bill. So perhaps I'll save that tremendous post for another day!
The films were actually lensed with more gore than what wound up on screen. Perhaps foretelling the style that was to come from directors like Jess Franco's hyper-sexual and perverse The Awful Dr. Orloff (1962) and Riccardo Freda's The Horrible Dr Hitchcock (1962) with it's fixation/fetish for necrophilia while both horrors dealt with surgical stages, Corridors of Blood is a straight forward horror picture which employs the use of the medical arena to showcase surgical procedures and human suffering. There are uncomfortable moments that are intensely suggestive of the gruesome conditions of surgical procedures, with unsanitary conditions, lack of full knowledge of the anatomy therefor testing on stolen human remains. What makes us feel that we're truly witnessing the gore is how the spectacle in the operation theater suggests body mutilation on a grand scale.
The filthy people from the Seven Dials, the child's mother has allowed the foot to get infected after all… it will have to come off! To the surgical theater with her!
Corridors of Blood (1958) opens during the 1840s before the emergence of anesthesia, the film starts with a strait-forward and frank amputation of the 'lower extremity of a femur.' The stage is set with an old woman prepping the operating table by scattering sawdust. This is done to catch the blood that will pool and collect. Dr. Blount (Frank Pettingell) is callous as he asserts that "You can't have operations without screams… pain and the knife are inseparable."
Boris Karloff our altruistic man of science Dr. Bolton who is working on a drug that can be used as an anesthetic as he goes on a mission to prove Blount wrong! We Bolton performing a surgery that demonstrates how pain and the knife can be inseparable, but things go horrifyingly wrong and Dr. Bolton is ultimately dismissed from service at the hospital.
But this becomes a chaotic journey while researching the answers for the poor doctor (Boris was 70 at the time) as he is seen reacting like a drug addict who is testing the laughing gas on himself, overdosing at times hallucinating until it ultimately kills him. In fact, Bolton having become addicted to the drug has terrible reactions, lucid nightmares and the jitters. The conceited and overbearing Dr Blount bathed in patient/victims' blood keeps reiterating his mantra about pain and the knife going together… Our kindly and dedicated Dr. Bolton who continues to inhale his own concoction, realizes that his passion has also thrown his own life into a tizzy as he realizes, "My whole being is stimulated."
A lot of us clubbing it in the 80s felt that way Boris/Dr. Bolton! But he truly is unstoppable to find a technique that will aide surgical subjects in a painless operation, who need not suffer under someone like Blount's inevitably torturous knife.
Watching Karloff's performance as he seeks this compassionate advancement in medical science is believable as it is hard to watch as he places himself in a difficult position of going up against his Medical peers…
Chairman (Basil Dignam) "Mr. Bolton, the committee have decided against holding any further demonstrations." Dr. Bolton: "Well, Charles, you've lost faith with me too?" Chairman: "The decision's for your own good." Dr. Bolton: "You can't stop me. Operations without pain are possible, and I'll not rest until I've proved it to you!"
Betta St. John plays Susan, Karloff's son's love interest who sees the strain that is being put on her dear father-in-law to be!
Bolton gets involved with the cut-throat opportunists in the criminal underworld he falls in with working behind the scenes at The Seven Dials who are exploiting the poor and suffering denizens who are at the mercy of their power. Shut out of the hospital, his demonstrations a failure, he continues to seek the formula for an anesthetic. Taken in by these cut throats, he delves deeper into madness, drug addiction, forced to steal chemicals, signs death notices for people who have been Burked (a nickname based on the infamous murderer who killed his victims in order to sell their bodies to science for prophet.)
Bolton falls in with this cabal of criminals led by sycophantic psychopathic innkeeper Black Ben (Francis De Wolff) and his grave-robbing henchmen Resurrection Joe played with the sinister disagreeableness of a reptilian brained killer with a cockney accent by Christopher Lee, who is the film's true Boogeyman. Of course the pair use Boltons addiction to drugs in order to blackmail him into signing phony death certificates. These lovely murderers are first killing their lodgers then selling their bodies on the black market to desperate anatomists who need fresh bodies to study medicine. Essentially it's a different visit with the historical events surrounding the murderous pair of Burke and Hare. Adrienne Corri is the beautiful but cold-hearted barmaid Rachel who has no conscience. Rosa is a girl flirting with trouble, ultimately Resurrection Joe tries to violently attack her, she should have listened when Rachel tells her, "Some day you'll wiggle that bottom of yours just once too often."
The beautiful Adrienne Corri plays the ruthless Rachel
Yvonne Warren as Rosa isn't going to be shaking it for long, after Resurrection Joe gets finished with her!
Christopher Lee as Resurrection Joe filling his body quota for the surgical hospitals pay well, and are in dire need or research corpses. Yeah, they died peacefully in their sleep Joe! that's a comfort to us all…
from: A Year of Fear: "We were looking for another subject for Karloff", recounted executive producer Richard Gordon of the film's genesis, "and {producer} John Croyden came up with the original story idea for Corridors of Blood. A woman named Jean Scott Rogers wrote the screenplay. Her idea was to make a very serious picture about surgery in the days before anesthetics, which of course wouldn't have made a very commercial picture. So we tried to inject horror and melodramatic elements into it." –Senn used quotes from Interviews with B Science Fiction and Horror Movie Makers, by Tom Weaver.
Interviews with Science Fiction and Horror Movie Makers by Tom Weaver is a staple in my book library, so here's a few more interview items of interest about the back story to Corridors of Blood.
One of the more interesting questions Richard Gordon was asked by Weaver, was which of the two films did Karloff prefer, The Haunted Strangler or Corridors of Blood?
"He much preferred Strangler. He was also unhappy about the mix in Corridors of Blood, and in fact that was where a lot of the real problems between him and John Croyden arose (earlier in the interview he mentions that Karloff and Croyden had a falling out). Karloff blamed Croydon , but it wasn't Croydon's fault; if it was anybody's fault it was MGM's, because they said 'You've got to put more lurid stuff into it and you've got to build up the scenes in Black Ben's Den in the Seven Dials.'- kind of create a little sex element, with the girls dancing and all of that. Of course that had nothing to do with the story, and it took away from the seriousness of the picture. Karloff was very disappointed with that-we all were! But when you're making a picture for a major company and they're financing it, they call the shots. The picture didn't turn out the way any of us would have liked, and it also wasn't as successful as any of us would have liked. We had a very hard time getting it properly distributed."
Resurrection Joe: "He died peaceful, governor."
Since MGM didn't know how to market the picture, it delayed it's U.S. release and as Gordon tells Weaver it "sort of languished" Corridors finally got released when a new unit was set up headed by Fred Schwartz who put the film together with the Italian import Werewolf in a Girl's Dormitory as the second feature. As Gordon relates it, "it was a disaster."
When Bolton is at the Tavern he remarks miserably about the conditions, there are close ups on a little street urchin sleeping and his filthy legs and mud covered feet, "This place must breed a hundred fevers." Actor Francis De Wolff who plays the treacherous Black Ben replies, "You're right there Doctor… I furnished it cheap when they pulled down the old small-pox hospital."
Using Bolton to line their pockets and supply drugs, also making him an unwitting accomplice to murder by being tricked into signing false death notices, Resurrection Joe and Black Ben so sadistic and maniacal in their plot to make money, leaving the suffocation pillows of their freshly smothered faces. So addicted to the drugs himself, Bolton eventually breaks into the apothecary to steal the chemicals he needs to get his fix. He is shadowed by Ned, the Crow and eventually Resurrection Joe who murders a police officer while Bolton is stealing drugs! There is just no way out for Dr. Bolton, who only wanted to help end the suffering of humanity at the mercy of a surgeons scalpel, in the end he himself suffers for his good intentions.
Geoffrey Faithfull's cinematography is outstanding in it's moodiness & grimy voyeuristic view of the suffering lower class characters like Carl Bernard as Ned, the Crow that dwell in the seedy dangerous Seven Dials.
Joe forces Bolton to assist him in breaking into the hospital dispensary in order to steal drugs, drugs that Bolton also needs to further his experiments with anesthesia.
Perhaps next to Karloff's incredibly sympathetic foray into the altruistic scientist who breaks passed the laws of nature and man, is the truly menacing persona that Christopher Lee brings to life in Resurrection Joe, a formidable macabre character, scarred face and darkly threatening presence.
Usually I don't give away the endings of films, but in this case, I wouldn't be ruining anything, due to the moody cinematography, interesting narrative and in particular the fabulous characterizations. It's all brought to a climax as 'The Peelers' basically the local constabulary headed by Nigel Green as Inspector Donovan raids the Seven Dials, tavern, leading to Black Ben being chased to the rooftops where fate deals out his punishment as he falls to his death, impaled on a set of railings. That's always a nice touch! In the end, Dr. Bolton is dying from a stab wound, as he says his last words to his son Johathan, "Prove what I've failed to prove-that pain and the knife can be separated."
SPECIAL MENTION OF A FEW OTHER KIND-HEARTED KARLOFFIAN MEN OF SCIENCE…
THE MAN THEY COULD NOT HANG (1939)
Boris Karloff plays Dr. Henryk Savaard is convinced he can bring people back from the clutches of death! Savaard winds up on death row, sentenced to hang because the police informed by the worried girlfriend (Lorna Gray) interrupt his experiment in cryonics on his assistant who dies. Driven by revenge he swears to get back at those who persecuted him!
BEFORE I HANG (1940)
Boris Karloff plays the altruistic Dr. John Garth who winds up on death row for committing a mercy killing. The prison warden allows Garth to continue his experiments by using his serum on other inmates. Garth actually injects himself secretly, and when he gets a pardon for his contribution to medicine, it turns out that the serum turns him into a homicidal maniac. Evelyn Keyes plays Karloff's daughter Martha!
THE DEVIL COMMANDS (1941)
Director: Edward Dmytryk's very moody story starring Boris Karloff as scientist Dr. Julian Blair who experiments measuring brain waves. With the help of his apparatus that resembles diving gear from Mars, and a nifty a electrical storm here and there, he manages to create a conduit with which the dead can speak. After losing his wife tragically when she is hit by a car, Julian sinks into isolation at his ominous mansion hoping to make contact with his wife Helen. He is manipulated by the austere and menacing medium who is a fake- played by Ann Revere as Mrs. Blanche Walters. One of the most sympathetic and atmospheric films Karloff ever graced the screen …
May the knife and the pain never touch your precious heart! –Your EverLovin' MonsterGirl saying be well my friends!
Posted on February 17, 2016 November 14, 2018 by monstergirlPosted in Adrienne Corri, Before I Hang 1940, Betta St. John, Boris Karloff, Buxton Orr, Christopher Lee, Corridors of Blood 1958, Elizabeth Allen, Finlay Currie, Francis Matthews, Geoffrey Faithfull-Cinematography, Mad Science, mad scientist, Men Doing Science, Robert Day, The Devil Commands 1941, The Haunted Strangler 1958, The Man They Could Not Hang 1939, Top Classic Horror Films, Tower of London (1939), Ubiquity
Previous Previous post: Postcards From Shadowland: no. 15
Next Next post: Cornelius, Zira & Questionnable Science
14 thoughts on "Movie Scientist Blogathon 2016- The Menacing Altruism of Boris Karloff!"
christinawehner says:
This sounds absolutely fascinating! I was introduced to my first Boris Karloff film (other than The Grinch Who Stole Christmas) several years ago and was so impressed at how much intensity of feeling he brings to his role. And as you say, he still manages to be frightening while making you care for him (though I haven't seen him as Mord, yet).
The historical angle, with anesthesia, makes this film sound rather unique from the usual horror films. It's interesting that they wanted to make it a drama, without any horror (though the very nature of surgery without anesthesia sounds horrible).
Thanks so much for participating!
That is so wonderful that you remember Karloff from The Grinch. His voice is completely memorable, and I'm not surprised that it was your first introduction. Karloff had so much integrity and was so serious about putting all his emotion into every role. He was also such a kind person in real life. I adore the man because he is so accessible and likable. Even as the Frankenstein's monster. Now as Mord, we'll have to give him a pass, since he was playing a reprehensible sadist. I love the idea of Corridors of Blood sounding like a vampire movie or mad scientist when it really shows the horror of surgery without anesthesia. That's nightmarish just by itself! Thank you so much for letting me come out and play with you and Ruth and all the amazing submissions to this very cool blogathon! Cheers Joey
Silver Screenings says:
While reading your post, it occurred to me that I never wondered how anesthesia was developed. I think I just took it for granted, like sunshine and flowers. Well, no more!
So MGM was both a hinderance and a help, no? They had the movie and the gorgeous costumes, but they had to mess with the integrity of the film. That is too bad. I'll keep that in mind if I'm ever watching this.
Jo, I loved your thoughtful analysis of Karloff's character and his approach to this film. It sounds like he gives a terrific performance.
Thanks so much for joining the blogathon, and for introducing us (me) to this little-known Boris Karloff film. :)
Ruth! I stopped by tonight and found all these marvelous comments. I need to read so many submissions, there were so many that interested me… It is a fascinating historical glimpse at a time, when grave robbing was rampant, and these surgeries without anesthesia are every bit a horror story by itself. Yes MGM, and the producer in their infinite wisdom kept trying to find different ways to sensationalize this story, add racy sex, (Karloff was against that too) slap a titillating title on it, and then send it out with First Man into Space (1959) which is actually kinda cool in a really creepy horror/sci-fi way. But still, this is a very historical drama with Karloff as passionate as ever. They used the costumes from the Paris studio wardrobe department. And the cinematography gave it a Lewtonesque feel. I really have to thank you for letting me submit this to your awesome blogathon! I'll be reading everyone's fantastic posts and commenting later on! Cheers on a very successful event!!!
Pingback: Movie Scientists Blogathon Day 1 Recap – The Good | Christina Wehner
Utterly fascinating look at genuine history and the muddled background of the film (probably many films) – not to mention, a much revered actor.
Hi Patricia, it is such a fascinating film. Karloff's presence as well as Christopher Lee's ominous character add the horror element, not to mention the idea of surgery without anesthesia.. YIKES! it really is disturbing when you think of how people suffered. The back fighting between producer and Karloff who had such integrity didn't ruin the film at least… Thanks for stopping by here Cheers Joey
Quiggy says:
I've seen probably hundreds of Karloff's movies. (Well, not quite that many…) But I've never seen this one. Gotta try to find it now.
It certainly feels like there are hundreds of Karloff films, he's got such a wonderful familiar face and unique voice. I hope you get to see Corridors of Blood it is very atmospheric and at times gruesome without being gory! Thanks for stopping by fellow Karloff fan!
Dan Day Jr. says:
One of Karloff's best performances during his later period. This film doesn't get enough respect from horror fans.
So true! He always gave an passionate performance no matter what, but Corridors of Blood is definitely a stand out!
Peter Putzel says:
You had me at 'defenestration'. My all-time favorite word.
Haha! It's a good one for sure!!! Cheers
PS: the act itself is frightening!


text:
<?php

/**
 * System Template admin controller
 *
 * @category   Mage
 * @package    Mage_Adminhtml
 * @author      Magento Core Team <core@magentocommerce.com>
 */
class Mage_Adminhtml_System_Email_TemplateController extends Mage_Adminhtml_Controller_Action
{
    /**
     * Index action
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $this->_title($this->__('System'))->_title($this->__('Transactional Emails'));

        if ($this->getRequest()->getQuery('ajax')) {
            $this->_forward('grid');
            return;
        }

        $this->loadLayout();
        $this->_setActiveMenu('system/email_template');
        $this->_addBreadcrumb(
            Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Transactional Emails'),
            Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Transactional Emails')
        );

        $this->_addContent($this->getLayout()->createBlock('adminhtml/system_email_template', 'template'));
        $this->renderLayout();
    }

    /**
     * Grid action
     */
    public function gridAction()
    {
        $this->getResponse()->setBody(
            $this->getLayout()->createBlock('adminhtml/system_email_template_grid')->toHtml()
        );
    }

    /**
     * New transactional email action
     */
    public function newAction()
    {
        $this->_forward('edit');
    }

    /**
     * Edit transactional email action
     */
    public function editAction()
    {
        $this->loadLayout();
        $template = $this->_initTemplate('id');
        $this->_setActiveMenu('system/email_template');
        $this->_addBreadcrumb(
            Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Transactional Emails'),
            Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Transactional Emails'),
            $this->getUrl('*/*')
        );

        if ($this->getRequest()->getParam('id')) {
            $this->_addBreadcrumb(
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Edit Template'),
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Edit System Template')
            );
        } else {
            $this->_addBreadcrumb(
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('New Template'),
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('New System Template')
            );
        }

        $this->_title($template->getId() ? $template->getTemplateCode() : $this->__('New Template'));
        $this->_addContent(
            $this->getLayout()->createBlock('adminhtml/system_email_template_edit', 'template_edit')->setEditMode(
                (bool)$this->getRequest()->getParam('id')
            )
        );
        $this->renderLayout();
    }

    /**
     * Save action
     */
    public function saveAction()
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();
        $id = $this->getRequest()->getParam('id');

        $template = $this->_initTemplate('id');
        if (!$template->getId() && $id) {
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError(
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('This Email template no longer exists.')
            );
            $this->_redirect('*/*/');
            return;
        }

        try {
            $template->setTemplateSubject($request->getParam('template_subject'))
                ->setTemplateCode($request->getParam('template_code'))
                ->setTemplateText($request->getParam('template_text'))
                ->setTemplateStyles($request->getParam('template_styles'))
                ->setModifiedAt(Mage::getSingleton('core/date')->gmtDate())
                ->setOrigTemplateCode($request->getParam('orig_template_code'))
                ->setOrigTemplateVariables($request->getParam('orig_template_variables'));

            if (!$template->getId()) {
                $template->setAddedAt(Mage::getSingleton('core/date')->gmtDate());
                $template->setTemplateType(Mage_Core_Model_Email_Template::TYPE_HTML);
            }

            if ($request->getParam('_change_type_flag')) {
                $template->setTemplateType(Mage_Core_Model_Email_Template::TYPE_TEXT);
                $template->setTemplateStyles('');
            }

            $template->save();
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->setFormData(false);
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addSuccess(
                Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('The email template has been saved.')
            );
            $this->_redirect('*/*');
        }
        catch (Exception $e) {
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->setData(
                'email_template_form_data',
                $this->getRequest()->getParams()
            );
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError($e->getMessage());
            $this->_forward('new');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Delete action
     */
    public function deleteAction()
    {
        $template = $this->_initTemplate('id');
        if ($template->getId()) {
            try {
                $template->delete();
                Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addSuccess(
                    Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('The email template has been deleted.')
                );
                $this->_redirect('*/*/');
                return;
            }
            catch (Mage_Core_Exception $e) {
                $this->_getSession()->addError($e->getMessage());
            }
            catch (Exception $e) {
                $this->_getSession()->addError(
                    Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('An error occurred while deleting email template data. Please review log and try again.')
                );
                Mage::logException($e);
                $this->_redirect('*/*/edit', array('id' => $template));
                return;
            }
        }
        Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError(
            Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Unable to find a Email Template to delete.')
        );
        $this->_redirect('*/*/');
    }

    /**
     * Preview action
     */
    public function previewAction()
    {
        $this->loadLayout('systemPreview');
        $this->renderLayout();
    }

    /**
     * Set template data to retrieve it in template info form
     */
    public function defaultTemplateAction()
    {
        $template = $this->_initTemplate('id');
        $templateCode = $this->getRequest()->getParam('code');

        $template->loadDefault($templateCode, $this->getRequest()->getParam('locale'));
        $template->setData('orig_template_code', $templateCode);
        $template->setData('template_variables', Zend_Json::encode($template->getVariablesOptionArray(true)));

        $templateBlock = $this->getLayout()->createBlock('adminhtml/system_email_template_edit');
        $template->setData('orig_template_used_default_for', $templateBlock->getUsedDefaultForPaths(false));

        $this->getResponse()->setBody(Mage::helper('core')->jsonEncode($template->getData()));
    }

    /**
     * Load email template from request
     *
     * @param string $idFieldName
     * @return Mage_Adminhtml_Model_Email_Template
     */
    protected function _initTemplate($idFieldName = 'template_id')
    {
        $this->_title($this->__('System'))->_title($this->__('Transactional Emails'));

        $id = (int)$this->getRequest()->getParam($idFieldName);
        $model = Mage::getModel('adminhtml/email_template');
        if ($id) {
            $model->load($id);
        }
        if (!Mage::registry('email_template')) {
            Mage::register('email_template', $model);
        }
        if (!Mage::registry('current_email_template')) {
            Mage::register('current_email_template', $model);
        }
        return $model;
    }

    /**
     * Check permissions
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _isAllowed()
    {
        return Mage::getSingleton('admin/session')->isAllowed('system/email_template');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's time for the hustle and bustle of Back to School, and we've rounded up a few events and school supply drives to get you and your family in the right frame of mind!
Aug. 5, 1 – 4 p.m.
Enjoy health screenings, get a library card, learn about tutoring, sample some snacks, listen to live music and more at this FREE back-to-school and health and wellness fair.
Breakfast and backpack give-away event. Activities, school supplies and breakfast provided.
Friday, Aug. 10; 6 – 9 p.m.
School supplies, haircuts, activities, food and raffle for grades K – 5.
Music, food, drinks and fun to kick off the 2018/2019 school year. All sales donated back to local community.
RSVP in advance for some fun stories and crafts to start off the new school year.
Aug. 19, 3 – 5 p.m.
RSVP for this FREE event that includes ice cream, summer memories, and new friends.
Visit any Mattress Firm in Cincinnati and donate your school items to local foster children to help them be confident in school too, or donate online.
Donate supplies or volunteer to help out students in the Greater Cincinnati area.


text:
Columbia Law School Students Argue Before Federal Judges in Harlan Fiske Stone Moot Court Finals
Jeremy Patashnik '19 takes top honors for Best Oral Argument and Best Brief.
Four Columbia Law School 3Ls demonstrated their oral advocacy skills when they faced off over complicated First and Fourth Amendment questions in the final round of the Harlan Fiske Stone Moot Court Competition on April 8.
About 300 people including faculty and students crowded into Jerome Greene Hall. Three federal judges presided: Judge Michael A. Chagares of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit, Judge Michelle T. Friedland of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit, and Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell '83 of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.
At the end of the fast-paced oral arguments, during which the students were interrupted frequently by pointed questions from the judges, Jeremy Patashnik '19 was awarded both the Lawrence S. Greenbaum Prize for best oral presentation and honors for best final round brief. He and his co-counsel, Christian Ronald '19, argued on behalf of a defendant in a fictional case arrested for damage to federal property. Tory Roberts '19 and Jing Wang '19 argued on behalf of the U.S. government.
Jeremy Patashnik
"Getting to argue in front of federal judges in the final round was an amazing experience and a great way to cap off my three years of law school," says Patashnik, who as a 1L shared the top prize in the National Environmental Law Moot Court Competition with two teammates.
The underlying criminal case was written by Harlan Fiske Stone student co-directors Sophie Tarazi '19 and Daniel Rosenfeld '19. It stemmed from a protest against the opioid crisis: a chalk drawing of a pharmaceutical pill bottle, a dollar sign, a skull and crossbones, and the words "prosecutorial discretion" on the sidewalk outside a federal courthouse. When police arrived at the home of defendant Jordan Clarkson to question him about the incident, Clarkson's computer mouse was inadvertently bumped, "waking up" his computer monitors to reveal a list of photographs taken at the time of the alleged sidewalk chalking incident and an open draft email with the same photos attached to it. Clarkson was arrested and charged with violating a fictional federal statute prohibiting damage to federal property.
In his case, Clarkson argued that the photos should not have been allowed into evidence because he had not consented to the officers' entry into his apartment and because the photos were not in "plain view." He also argued chalk art does not constitute "damage" under the law and that the law violates the First Amendment.
"The government has made a federal case out of chalk art," Patashnik said at the start of his argument before the judges. Later, arguing that the search was unconstitutional, he added, "If investigating misdemeanor chalk art arises to what the police need to show to create a reasonable suspicion that they felt threatened, it's hard to imagine what wouldn't meet that standard."
Christian Ronald
Ronald argued chalk art is not damage because it is easily removed and that traditional public fora, including a federal courthouse, are "in time immemorial used for expression of all different types."
Tory Roberts
On behalf of the government, Roberts said that since the officers did not directly touch anything to reveal the computer file, they did not do anything improper.
"What if the officer . . . snuck up on Mr. Clarkson and said, 'Boo,' and, because of that, he knocked his computer. Would that be direct or indirect?" Howell asked.
"The line is still whether the officers physically touched evidence and caused it to come into plain view, which the officers here did not do," Roberts answered.
Wang fielded some of the hardest questions—as Friedland described them after the competition—when he was asked if other forms of chalk art also would have led to an arrest.
"My kids always drew with chalk art," Chagares said. "Are you saying they could be prosecuted by your office if they happen to go on some federal property?"
Wang responded that children wouldn't have the necessary willful intent.
'The Best Columbia Has to Offer'
After the more than hour-long main event, the judges gave all the competitors high praise.
"The achievement of these four people, just to make it here, is spectacular," Chagares said. "This is about as good as you can get. You are all welcome in the 3rd Circuit any time."
In particular, Friedland said Patashnik, who will join Covington & Burling LLP as a litigation associate after graduation, delivered a "beautifully" crafted rebuttal in response to questions the judges and his opposing counsel Roberts raised.
Addressing the packed house, Gillian Lester, Dean and the Lucy G. Moses Professor of Law, called the students' performance "the best Columbia has to offer." She also thanked the judges, advisers, and participants for their efforts and joined the celebration that followed.
Rosenfeld and Tarazi said they divided their work in developing the record. Rosenfeld, who participated in the Criminal Appeals Externship, tackled the Fourth Amendment questions, and Tarazi, who externed at the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, worked on the First Amendment and statutory interpretation issues.
"We knew we wanted to create a problem that drew upon important issues of constitutional law, and we also wanted to make the problem realistic by infusing it with current events," Tarazi said.
The pair were guided by Daniel C. Richman, the Paul J. Kellner Professor of Law, and Ilene Strauss, director of legal writing and moot court programs. They sought additional feedback on the First Amendment and statutory interpretation issues from Vincent Blasi, Corliss Lamont Professor of Civil Liberties, and Peter L. Strauss, Betts Professor Emeritus of Law. Rosenfeld also drew on his coursework in his Criminal Investigations class, taught by Debra A. Livingston, the Paul J. Kellner Professor of Law and a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit.
"It was really amazing to see the competitors take our ideas and run with them," Rosenfeld said.
Richman said the case provided "an excellent platform for airing some important and topical legal issues."
"Engaging with Sophie and Daniel as each pursued a deep interest—Sophie in the First Amendment and Daniel in criminal procedure—made the advising process easy and rewarding," he said.
Roberts and Ronald have plans to continue their work with the courts after graduation: Roberts first will be an associate at Gibson Dunn in Washington, D.C., and then will clerk for Senior Judge Richard J. Leon of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 2023; Ronald will join the New York office of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP as an associate and will clerk for Judge Richard J. Sullivan of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit in 2020. Wang will work on patent litigation at Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP in Palo Alto, California.
The Harlan Fiske Stone Moot Court finals are the culmination of a three-round elimination competition. This year, 68 students entered at the start of the fall semester; 16 advanced to the semifinals in the spring. The four students with the highest semifinal scores from alumni judges were selected as finalists.
The annual competition is named in honor of 1898 graduate Harlan Fiske Stone and is part of the Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison Moot Court Program. In addition to Tarazi and Rosenfeld, Stephanie Adamakos '19 served on the student committee as executive director of the Columbia Law Moot Court Program and Sophie Gandler '19 provided editorial assistance.
Harlan Fiske Stone Moot Court