text:
Ready for the Weekend? The freelance work-life balance
Words by Joe Williams
Illustration by Emilia Schettino
Nietzsche once wrote: 'Whoever does not have two-thirds of his day for himself is a slave, whatever he may be: a statesman, a businessman, an official, or a scholar.' By far the most popular reason for freelancing is its flexibility, but with that freedom comes a blurring of the boundary between work and leisure. But how do freelancers negotiate their labour with their free time, and how important is the freelance weekend?
The 40-hour, 5-day working week might seem fundamental, but it's actually a lot younger than you think. In a study for the London School of Economics titled 'Productivity and days of the week', Alex Bryson and John Forth write that until the late-1800s, a 6-day working week was the norm in Europe and the USA. This continued until increases in productivity thanks to new technologies led trade unionists to begin campaigns to take Saturday off.
This movement was backed by the more innovative bosses, such as the American Henry Ford who had developed the moving assembly line. He introduced a 5-day working week with a higher rate of pay in his factories and argued, according to Bryson and Forth, 'that a shorter week was no less productive, as workers came back to work fresher after a two-day holiday.'
There are obvious similarities between those changes made over a century ago and our current historical moment, as our culture is beginning to consider alternatives to the 40/5 week. Today's workforce is already changing: in a 2018 report titled 'Self-Employment in the Modern Economy, IPSE described a 35% rise in the number of freelancers in the UK from 2008-2018, which culminated in the freelance sector contributing £275bn to the economy in 2018.
'When it comes to work, the boundary between work and leisure, paid and unpaid labour, gradually dissolves, meaning free time becomes treated as a means of opening up new opportunities (through networking or personal brand-building), while work becomes something that is done for pleasure and passion as much as for money.
This rise was 'driven by a 63% rise in highly-skilled female freelancers in this period.' With such growth in this portion of the workforce in the decade since Bryson and Forth's 2007, a reassessment of the 40/5 working week is long overdue. And in some senses, it has already begun: at the 2019 Labour Party Conference, Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell pledged to introduce a 4-day working week within 10 years, with no reduction in pay. But such proposals, unfortunately, do not consider freelancers.
'I think the 40-hour week is quite outdated,' says illustrator Tom Bingham, 'especially for freelancing and creative work. Freelance work tends to ebb and flow due to a variety of reasons. There will be times where you'll be super busy and equally there will be quieter times too. The important thing to remember is this kind of work isn't linear and can't be compared to the traditional work week.'
Journalist Tara Lepore is one freelancer opting for a much shorter working week. 'I try to get my work done in three and a half or four days,' she tells me. 'Overall, I'm probably working around 22 hours a week. Yes, I don't earn as much as I used to as a full-timer by doing this, but freelancing has given me the freedom to have three days off a week (which I love).
'A 40-hour week isn't something that sounds at all enticing to me. These days, people – particularly freelancers, I would say – can feel so defined by their work, which means they never really take proper time off. I've been living in the Netherlands for a year now, and free time is much more valued over here. A 4-day week is pretty standard, and that's something I can definitely get on board with!'
The UK is particularly bad when it comes to the work-life balance. In their 'UK Working Lives Report' (2019), the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development found that the UK is one of the worst countries for work-life balance by international standards. They ranked the UK ', and found that 60% of all UK workers (both freelance and in-house) are overworked by at least one hour each week, with 14% overworking 15 hours or more each week.
In her book 168 Hours (2019), time-management guru Laura Vanderkam recommends a shift towards a more fluid idea of the working week, those 7 portions of 24 hours. She writes: 'Looking at life in 168-hour blocks is a useful paradigm shift, because – unlike the occasionally crunched weekday – well-planned blocks of 168 hours are big enough to accommodate full-time work, intense involvement with your family, rejuvenating leisure time, adequate sleep, and everything else that actually matters.'
But some freelancers strike a 40-hour balance in a different way. Food stylist and recipe developer Carole Hector opts for what Bryson and Forth call a 'compressed' week: 'I do more hours per day, and less days per week,' she tells me. The TV commercials Hector works on begin at 7am and continue through into the evening, sometimes as far as midnight. 'Although it's annoying losing your evening, I really don't mind this.'
For Hector, it's the weekend that's really important. 'I think it's good to have a solid amount of time each week when you're not thinking about work. It definitely makes me more productive anyway!
'Working the weekend is fine every once in a while, but it's quite hard to socialise and take trips if you're always working weekends. I love my life outside of work too much to sacrifice the precious weekends. I feel I'm happiest and most productive when I have a good distinction between work and leisure.'
And Hector isn't alone there. Bryson and Forth's study also notes the benefit of a strong distinction between work and leisure. Whilst the Protestant work ethic of 'labour = good, leisure = Eternal Hellfire' may still be tattooed onto the UK's cultural psyche, continuous work is certainly not good for you. Bryson and Forth write that increasing fatigue often leads to a decline in productivity and output over the course of the week. 'The two-day weekend,' by which they mean a 48-hour block with no work, 'provides the opportunity to rest before beginning the working week again the following Monday.'
But productivity shouldn't be our only metric here: a weekly break improves mental outlook and wellbeing, too. In their report 'Taking Time Off as a Freelancer', IPSE writes that 92% of freelancers 'say taking time off has at least some positive effect on them' – well, you heard it here first. We might be surprised that as many as 8% of their respondents disagreed with that statement, but it can be easy to lose sight of self-care when a well-paying contract is up for grabs. In the end, though, the potential financial gain from overworking will not alleviate the stress of it all. As IPSE continue: 'There is a significant correlation between taking more days off and reporting lower levels of job-related stress. … Not taking a well-deserved break can lead to health issues such as burnout, stress and anxiety.'
This might all seem obvious, but many UK workers are ignoring this advice. In the same report, IPSE writes: 'A recent study of UK employees found that four in five (79%) admit going to work while physically or mentally unwell because of worrying about falling behind on their workload (40%), pressure from their boss (24%) and a range of other reasons.' In these cases, not having a designated weekend creates a lack of structure that does more harm than good.
But whilst a more fluid working week might lead to stress and burnout for some, for others it can be a lifeline. Women, parents, and disabled people especially benefit from the flexibility of a freelance schedule. In another report, 'Making Self-Employment Work for Disabled People', IPSE describes that 'while many of the disabled people we spoke to said employment had done little to support them, self-employment had allowed them to work more flexibly around their conditions and impairments.'
They continue: 'many told us that traditional employment was inflexible in terms of supporting them to manage their conditions or impairments, for instance when it was necessary to seek treatment or take time off work. … General flexibility around working arrangements such as working hours and working days was a key factor pulling people towards self-employment, and flexibility to work around an impairment or condition was a factor unique to disabled freelancers.'
Author and journalist Steff Green has achromatopsia, a genetic condition that means she is legally blind and completely colour blind. A key reason for her pivot to freelancing was having control over her work, alongside workplace discrimination. 'Having this lifestyle is all about working hard and working smart,' she tells me.
'I try very hard not to work weekends or weeknights now, but it is hard to break the habit I've formed over 10 years, especially because I know I have to work harder than others in order to reach the same place. … [S]ometimes I will if I have a tight deadline or if a story is really calling to me.
'I think that as you build a freelance business while you have a job, or if you start freelancing and you're keen to build client work, you have to work weekends. And I think like any business there are times you have to work weekends because there's a deadline and things need to get done. But I think we also can be too hard on ourselves – it's easy to feel as though if we squeezed in a few more hours, we'd get ahead – but the to-do list will never get shorter.'
But even those who benefit greatly from a different working week might find it difficult to actually stop working on their days off. In 'Taking Time Off as a Freelancer', IPSE writes: 'Psychological research suggests that some people are natural 'integrators' and prefer the blurring of boundaries between work and personal time, while other people are natural 'segmenters' who prefer to separate their personal life from their work.' Even on holidays, 58% of freelancers reply to work emails – so much for the Out-of-Office reply.
You'd be forgiven for thinking that freelancing is an especially dystopian form of work, but this smudged dividing line between labour and leisure is part of the neoliberal economic model in which we all live. Will Davies, Professor in Political Economy at Goldsmiths, tells me that 'Neoliberalism has always sought to inculcate and celebrate an entrepreneurial mentality, with which individuals are expected to be flexible, creative and self-reliant.'
Illustrators, artists, and reviewers may well be more susceptible to this dangerous blurring, as their work and their personal interests are so closely aligned. For Bingham, 'if you are doing a job that you love it's easy to let it completely absorb you. If you are constantly thinking about it every day it can lead to burnout. That's why I always try to take the weekends off. Obviously this is not always possible if I have a particularly busy workload but I do think its beneficial to have days where you don't think about work at all. That way, when you get started again you will be fresh and excited.'
The UK is particularly bad when it comes to the work-life balance. In their 'UK Working Lives Report' (2019), the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development found that the UK is one of the worst countries for work-life balance by international standards.
The work-life balance in 2019 has been further eroded by the internet and social media, where journalists and creatives often use a single account for both work and leisure. Gradually, the professional encroaches upon the personal. 'I feel that's one of the most insidious bits of operating in the world we all do,' says freelance journalist Francisco Garcia. 'We're all struggling with it to one degree or another.
'I think that for journalists especially, we do all think we are beholden to this platform and that, if you don't keep posting regularly then you'll be forgotten and your stock will dwindle. I think that's all actually very overblown.
'The blur of it all is very disconcerting. You think, "What am I actually using this for? I don't know." So I try to limit my usage at the weekend, because the two things do bleed into each other. When I'm not working and I'm taking 24 hours off, I don't want to look at social media. That's the last thing I want to do. I try to keep off my phone and only look at it for messages during my downtime.'
Whilst the flexibility of freelancing brings with it a difficult slippage between work and leisure, it also means that no two freelancers have to work the same week. But whether you work a few hours every day or three long days, don't forget to switch off and recharge. You'll be all the better for it.


.@DrChristianPean: Yemen (pop 24.4 million) has just ~7500 docs. #ImmigrantDocs wants some to come here, screwing Yemen. You support that?
.@DrChristianPean (Orthopaedic Surgery @NYULMC): #ImmigrantDocs RTed your support. They want docs to move from struggling countries to USA.


text:
AI used to rank NHS patients in order of urgency to clear COVID-19 backlog
With a large backlog of appointments caused by coronavirus, some hospitals in England and Wales have started using algorithms to prioritise patients most urgently in need of care and to help clear the mounting numbers.
Multiple companies are vying to get into this space from Babylon's AI services which provide health information, to DrDoctor, which recently released a new AI software adopted to collate and automatically rate patient's responses with digital questionnaires.
DrDoctor's software assesses the urgency of a patient's illness with a traffic light scoring system, giving patients either a green, amber or a red score.
Tom Whicher, CEO of DrDoctor estimates that if every hospital in the country adopted his technology, the time needed to get through the backlog would be dramatically reduced from four years to ten months.
DrDoctor has also stressed that the tool will not decide anything for patients, it does not make clinical suggestions or rule out any patients form receiving care. The platform will present the data and the clinician ultimately makes the decision.
AI like this can utilize machine-learning technology to identify unnecessary appointments. Not only will it reduce the backlog burden, but it can also help to significantly alleviate the need for in-person appointments, pushing towards more virtual interactions for less urgent medical needs.
Waiting lists have grown tremendously because of the pandemic, prompting senior health officials to warn the public that 10 million people could be waiting for treatment by Christmas.
Several hospitals in England have already rolled out DrDoctor's tool, including community hospital, Aneurin Bevan, which signed a four-year deal with the provider earlier this year and is using it across 20 specialisms. Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital has also started using this technology for dermatology and rheumatology patients.
However, a concern raised recently is the theme of digital health gap inequalities in which researchers have warned that such tools could worsen health inequalities due to certain groups having greater access to the internet and technology, as well as being more digitally literate. This could mean that certain groups might not be accounted for in the data.
There is also trepidation surrounding a computer's ability to effectively decide whether medical needs are deemed as urgent. Particularly as health providers such as Babylon Health have been critised for claiming its symptom checker could diagnose health issues.
Whicher told Healthcare IT News: "Our mission at DrDoctor is to solve the challenge of rising demand and costs in healthcare and ensure every patient receives the care they need. We're delighted to be able to present real world examples of this working at scale. There is no doubt that healthcare is at an inflection point. It's medicine's industrial revolution. By working together we can use technology to rise to this challenge"
Author mediabestPosted on 06/26/2020 Categories Health NewsTags Artificial Intelligence
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Escaping to a virtual world is as easy as snapping your Galaxy smartphone into your Samsung Gear VR. Developed in partnership with Oculus, the leader in virtual reality, Gear VR is completely portable, comfortable to wear and simple to set up.
Take part in an epic battle as a member of the Avengers, get up close with an Apatosaurus from Jurassic World, and get the best seat in the house at Cirque du Soleil. These are just a few examples of how the Gear VR can take you where you've never been able to venture before.
Transport yourself into an immersive 360 degree gaming experience. The Samsung Gear VR reacts to the movement of your head, so you feel like you're inside the game. There are dozens of games available on the Oculus Store, and with new titles showing up regularly, there's always something new and exciting to play.
The Jurassic World: Apatosaurus VR Experience allows the viewer for the first time to see what it feels like to be in the presence and close proximity of a living dinosaur and to experience a sense of connection with it - with the mixture of awe, striking beauty and danger that this implies.
Gunjack, for the Samsung Gear VR, is a first-person arcade shooter built from the ground up for virtual reality. With its intuitive controls and intense, full-immersion action, Gunjack is the ultimate pick-up-and-play virtual reality experience.
In Gunjack, players take on the role of a gun turret operator on a mining vessel in the Outer Ring region of known space. As part of the ship's defense team, it is up to the player to protect the rig from pirates, opportunists and anyone else looking to take what rightfully belongs to the company.
A surreal trip through an archipelago of forgotten worlds.


text:
Q: Higher derivatives than Jacobi fields The first and second derivatives of the distance function (either the full $d:M\times M\to \mathbb{R}$ function or the $d(p,\cdot):M\to \mathbb{R}$ function) as well as the derivative of the exponential map (again both of the full $\exp:TM\to M$ map and of the map $\exp_p:T_pM\to M$) may be computed with the aid of Jacobi fields, i.e, solutions to Jacobi's equation.
I have a scenario where I need second derivatives of the `full' exponential map $\exp:TM\to M$. That is, denoting the pushforward of a differentiable map by a  '$ _*$', I would like to know a thing or two about $\nabla_X\exp_*\mathcal{V}$ (where $\mathcal{V}$ is a section of $TTM$ and $X$ is an appropriate vector field). In particular, I think I will require some comparison techniques analagous to those for Jacobi fields (e.g., Rauch's comparison theorems).
Can anyone point me in the right direction?

A: The higher derivatives of the exponential map satisfy the corresponding higher derivative of the Jacobi equation (because the first derivative satisfies the Jacobi equation itself), which is just an inhomogeneous Jacobi equation, where the homogeneous part is the original Jacobi equation, and the inhomogeneous term involves lower order covariant derivatives of the Jacobi field and covariant derivatives of the curvature tensor. So you would proceed recursively, bootstrapping pointwise bounds on lower derivatives, as well as pointwise bounds on the curvature tensor and its covariant derivatives, into a pointwise bound of the derivative of the Jacobi field. You'll need to figure out how get pointwise bounds for a solution to an inhomogeneous self-adjoint linear second order ODE. I'm sure this has been done before, probably for exactly the same purpose as here, but I don't know or remember where.

A: You might be interested in the Jacobi flow on $TTM$ whose flow lines project to geodesics, velocity fields of geodesics, and Jacobi fields. You can continue to higher order.

*

*Peter W. Michor: The Jacobi Flow. Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Pol. Torino 54, 4 (1996), 365-372
(pdf)

A: Recently in the context of optimization on manifolds, the covariant derivative of the differential of the exponential map $\nabla \text{d } \text{exp}$ was studied in two papers:
1 ''An accelerated first-order method for non-convex optimization on manifolds'' and
2 ''Curvature-Dependant Global Convergence Rates for Optimization on Manifolds of Bounded Geometry''
As @Deane Yang describes, both papers show that this object satisfies a second-order inhomogenous linear ODE, see Proposition B.1 in 1, and Proposition 4.1 in 2.  The following is from 2:

Let $(M, g)$ be a Riemannian manifold, and let $\gamma$ be a geodesic
with initial unit vector $v \in T_p M$.  For two vectors $w_1, w_2$
perpendicular to $v$, the vector field along $\gamma$ $$K(t) = (\nabla
 \text{d } \text{exp}_p)_{tv}(t w_1, t w_2)$$ satisfies the following
ODE along $\gamma$ $$\ddot{K} + R(K, \dot{\gamma})\dot{\gamma} + Y =
 0, \quad K(0) = 0, \dot{K}(0) = 0$$ where $Y$ is the vector field
along $\gamma$ given by $$Y = 2 R(J_1, \dot{\gamma}) \dot{J}_2 +
 2R(J_2, \dot{\gamma})\dot{J}_1 + (\nabla R_{\dot{\gamma}})(J_2,
 \dot{\gamma})J_1 + (\nabla R_{J_2})(J_1, \dot{\gamma})\dot{\gamma}$$
and $J_1, J_2$ are the Jacobi fields along $\gamma$ with initial
conditions $J_i(0) = 0, \dot{J}_i(0) = w_i$.

Using this ODE, both papers derive bounds on $||\nabla \text{d } \text{exp}||$ based on bounds for the sectional curvatures and $\nabla R$.  Paper 1 uses a bootstrapping technique, while paper 2 uses ODE comparison techniques which yield comparatively tighter bounds albeit requiring a little bit more analysis.  For these results, see Theorem B.2 in 1, and Theorems 4.10 and 4.11 in 2.  The following is from 2:

Let $$\text{sn}_{\kappa}(t) = \left\{ \begin{array}{lII}
 \frac{\sin(\sqrt{\kappa}t)}{\sqrt{\kappa}} & \quad \kappa > 0 \\ t & \quad
 \kappa = 0 \\ \frac{\sinh(\sqrt{-\kappa} t)}{\sqrt{-\kappa}} & \quad
 \kappa < 0 \end{array} \right\}$$ and $$\pi_{\kappa} = \left\{
 \begin{array}{lI} \frac{\pi}{\sqrt{\kappa}} & \quad \kappa > 0 \\
 \infty & \quad \kappa \leq 0 \end{array} \right\}.$$
Let $(M, g)$ be a Riemannian manifold with sectional curvatures
bounded below by $\delta$ and above by $\Delta$.  Also assume
$$||(\nabla_u R)(w, u)w + (\nabla_w R)(w, u)u|| \leq 2 \Lambda ||u||^2
 ||w||^2 \quad \forall p \in M \quad u, w \in T_p M.$$
For a geodesic $\gamma : [0, r] \rightarrow M$ with initial unit
vector $v$, $r < \pi_{(\Delta + \delta)/2}$, and any two vectors $w_1,
 w_2 \in T_p M$, we have that $$||(\nabla \text{d } \text{exp}_p)_{r
 v}(w_1, w_2)|| \leq \frac{8}{3r^2} \text{sn}_{\delta}
 \left(\frac{r}{2} \right)^2\left(\Lambda \cdot
 \text{sn}_{\delta}\left(\frac{r}{2}\right)^2 + 2 \max\{|\Delta|,
 |\delta|\}\text{sn}_{\delta}(r) \right) ||w_1|| \cdot ||w_2||.$$

Finally, these bounds are shown to be tight, in a certain sense -- see the discussion after Theorem B.2 in 1, and subsection 4.6.1 in 2.

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Beautiful actress Asin will tie the knot with her long-time boyfriend Rahul Sharma in Delhi today. The couple will take their vows at the Dusit Devarana resort in New Delhi in a private family gathering. The marriage ceremony will happen as per Hindu and Christian rituals in a simple way. Also, a grand reception has been arranged in Mumbai on the January 23rd. A lot of celebrities from the Hindi and South Indian film fraternity will be present at the reception.
We wish Asin all the best for her new phase of life!
>>This Happening Hero Gets What Thalapathy Vijay Missed!
>> Asin ready for a comeback?


text:
Conophytum antonii är en isörtsväxtart som beskrevs av Steven A. Hammer. Conophytum antonii ingår i släktet Conophytum, och familjen isörtsväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Isörtsväxter
antonii

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text:
Free Library
Stories Rule Press Presents
Romantic Science Fiction
Action Thrillers
Romantic Thrillers
Freedom FightersTracyCP2020-07-26T10:01:47-06:00
FREEDOM FIGHTERS by Tracy Cooper-Posey
Vistaria Has Fallen. Book 3.0
Military Romantic Suspense Novel
Click cover to see full sized
Click to read excerpt.
EXCERPT FROM FREEDOM FIGHTERS
COPYRIGHT © TRACY COOPER-POSEY 2018
Carmen stopped hating Garrett long enough to dig into the battered backpack hanging from her shoulder and hand him the wad of Vistarian currency. He took it from her silently, then handed it to the man sitting on the other side of the little, scratched table.
Hernandez Garcia took the cash and looked at it. "Are you sure, señor?" he asked Garrett. "I am a loyal Vistarian. I would give you these things if you must truly have them."
Carmen scowled at Garrett and turned to look out the window of the small house they were in. She stood next to Efraín, who was their sentry this time. Efraín had his rifle cocked and the butt resting on his hip as his gaze flickered from point to point across the landscape outside.
"Still okay?" Carmen asked in a murmur.
"Still okay."
Behind her, Garrett spoke to Hernandez patiently. "It's better that you have a way to explain to the Insurrectos why you lost your phone and your laptop. This way, you can tell them that some strange people paid you a lot of money for them."
"Why can I not say that they were stolen? It's such a lot of money, señor!"
"Because if they were really stolen, you would have reported the theft to the community station as soon as they went missing and you would inform the telephone company, too. That would make the phone and the laptop useless to us more quickly that we would like."
"Then I will tell the Insurrectos nothing!" Hernandez declared.
"Garrett," Carmen said warningly. They had been in the house far too long already.
Garrett glared at her with flint gray eyes and turned back to Hernandez. "If you say nothing you will be declaring yourself a Loyalist. They're still hanging anyone they think is a Loyalist without benefit of a trial." He shook his head. "Take the money, Hernandez. Then you will merely look like an enterprising Vistarian."
Hernandez nodded. "I will do what you say, señor. But it troubles me to do so."
"Troubled is a condition I can deal with," Garrett said, standing up. "Dead, I cannot cure."
"Garrett," Carmen urged him once more.
"Take a pill," he snapped at her, in English. He picked up his rifle and slung it over his shoulder so it hung low on his back. Then he dropped the grubby serape over the top and donned the straw cowboy hat he favored. The scrubby growth on his cheeks and chin that he never bothered to shave grew in much darker than his blond hair. With the hat, he didn't look foreign at first glance. Foreigners were unknown on the streets of Vistaria's cities and towns these days. The beard also hid most of the scars on his face, which would make him memorable.
The serape was an indeterminate gray-green color. The stripes of wool were once brighter and more varied. Time, dirt, smoke and sweat had turned the serape into a muted, dirty and disguising garment. It didn't look like camouflage, but it worked just as well to hide Garrett among the trees.
Carmen stuffed the laptop and cellphone into her backpack, then tucked her own rifle back over her shoulder and checked the safety on the Smith & Wesson. She wore a light jacket that came down to mid-thigh and hid the gun on her hip.
Efraín kept his gaze on the window while they prepared.
"Efraín?" Garrett asked softly.
"Clear."
With a last nod at Hernandez, Garrett stepped out of the house, taking the lead. Carmen followed him out and moved to his right flank, quartering the area without turning her head. It was clear, as advertised.
Relaxing only a little, she hurried after Garrett. He was already striding down the steep hill toward the trees. They had left the rest of the unit on the outskirts of town, in a tucked-away glade on the edge of the tree line. Only three of them heading into the town had been a risk, but larger numbers would have drawn attention.
It was an overcast day, with an iron-gray sky that promised rain. The heat had not let up for more than a week. It was the dog days of summer. Until she had moved to the States to study, Carmen hadn't known what that meant. Now, moving through damp air bereft of the smallest breeze, her body sticky with sweat, she thought the name was perfect.
They maintained silence all the way out of Cerro Ciudad, which suited Carmen just fine. She glared at Garrett's back occasionally. He watched their route ahead. For all she knew, he also watched through the back of his head and sideways. Garrett had instincts that had saved them more than once. She always monitored him to catch his first twitch of alarm.
There was no one on streets. It was siesta time and although a town this high up in the foothills wouldn't need to sleep away the heat of the day, the habit was ingrained. They made the clearing without alarm.
Angelo moved across the clearing and touched Carmen's shoulder. That was all he did, but Carmen could feel Garrett's scowl in reaction.
The eight of them moved through the trees, skirting the town. Their progress was nearly silent. Carmen was still learning how to place her feet and avoid branches that could snap. She was a city girl, while all the others except Garrett had grown up in the south end of the island. Hiking silently through scrub was built into them.
Garrett, of course, was a freak of nature. He never made a sound when he was moving.
When Carmen stepped on leaf litter that was drier than it looked and crumpled loudly, he glared at her over his shoulder.
She stuck her tongue out at him when he turned back.
The current camp was a mile south of the rail line and almost directly due east of the town, Cerro Ciudad. It was too close to Cerro Ciudad, but it was in an unexpected place. They had been camped there for nearly two months and hadn't seen a single patrol.
The Insurrecto patrols swept farther east into the flatlands. They didn't seem to think a Resistance camp at higher elevations was possible. Either that, or they were too lazy and didn't want to scramble around the knees of the mountains looking for them. Whatever the reason, it made life easier for Garrett's unit.
As they drew farther away from the town, they relaxed their guard. Angelo fell back to the end of the line, where Carmen was checking their rear. He smiled at her.
He was a very typical Vistarian—tall, with clear olive skin, black hair and eyes and a nice smile. Carmen smiled back at him. He was a good fighter and he took care of her in bed. It wasn't his fault that she often felt fifty years older than him, even though they were the same age.
"I found some coffee in that village we passed yesterday," Angelo said. "I thought we could make some spiced coffee when we get back."
"We don't have any nutmeg. Or ginger or cloves," Carmen said. She spoke in a soft murmur. Her feminine voice was pitched higher and travelled farther, or so Garrett had warned her, more than once. "But I like coffee straight," Carmen added.
Angelo grimaced. "American style," he said, with a sniff.
Carmen laughed softly. "American style coffee got me through five years of college."
"Miss Brainiac," Angelo teased, using the English word. It was one of the few he knew.
Garrett whistled softly to get their attention. He held up his fist and they came to halt, listening hard.
After forty seconds, Carmen heard what Garrett had detected. There was a train coming from the south.
"Unscheduled," Angelo breathed.
She nodded. An unscheduled train could mean many things, but for sure, the Insurrectos were behind it. They didn't let anything run on the tracks without their say-so.
Garrett waved them closer, so he could talk without shouting. They gathered around.
"Let's hitch a ride and find out what's on that train," Garrett proposed. "Go."
Carmen began to run at as close to a full sprint as she could manage, heading downhill toward the tracks which were glinting through the trees, just ahead. There was no danger of being heard with a train clanking and groaning.
Click here to read an excerpt
Click here to read the reviews
Oh and a little something extra from Mother Nature thrown in just for added fun.
The tension ramps up with each book in this series. If you enjoy riding the razor's edge you can not miss this book or for that matter this entire series.
This was awesome! Like a rollercoaster ride with twists and turns so you don't see the end until your ride stops. Wow!
Tracy once again manages to produce a delicious pretzel of a plot, sprinkled with a full spectrum of human emotions! I was glued to the pages.
Twist and turns and non stop action makes this a series something to truly enjoy. And the end wow, you have to read it!!
The emotions and turmoil in this book were so real, I felt deeply for Garrett and his suffering. I almost cried when the last page was turned. I want more!
Yippy! So exciting to read about Carmen. I should have known better than to start one of Tracy's novels before bedtime. Who needs sleep anyway?
Only Tracy could stage a rescue during a Category 4 hurricane.
She has evolved from First Daughter to Freedom Fighter.
Once the privileged daughter of Vistaria's President, Carmen Escobedo now fights with civilian Loyalists to win back her country. She would be content except the rebel unit leader, Garrett Blackburn, is an inhuman slave-driver.
Deeply scarred, physically and mentally, Garrett is a doctor by night and a guerilla leader by day. His cold indifference shifts when Carmen helps uncover an Insurrecto plot to steal a silver mine and use the silver to buy respectability. The freedom fighters must halt the silver shipment no matter the cost…
Get your copy now of the fourth book in the Vistaria Has Fallen romantic suspense series reviewers are calling "original", "compelling" and "a rollercoaster ride."
[Reader Note: This series was previously published as erotic romance titles in the Vistaria Affair series. This new edition has been re-written for a general audience and re-titled.]
1.0: Vistaria Has Fallen
2.0: Prisoner of War
3.0: Hostage Crisis
4.0: Freedom Fighters
5.0: Casualties of War
6.0: V-Day
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by Stephany on Freedom Fighters
Another great installment of the Vistaria series' with some new characters. This is a must read series. A page turner, on the edge of your seat read.
by Rachel on Freedom Fighters
Keeps the tale moving along nicely. Really getting into this story now and am waiting patiently for the next instalment. Fast paced and raunchy I loved it as I do with all of Tracy's books. Roll on the next one!!
by Andie on Freedom Fighters
Freedom Fighters is another great addition to the Vistaria Has Fallen series. Carmen Escobedo has joined forces with Garrett Blackburn a rebel unit leader. Garrett is constantly riding Carmen to be better. He is harder on her which annoys her. Can they manage to work together to save Vistaria? This was a great read. I also really enjoyed getting to revisit with past characters.
by Audrey Cienki on Freedom Fighters
Yippy! So exciting to read about Carmen. I should have known better than to start one of Tracy's novels before bedtime. Who needs sleep anyway? I could not put it down.
This series would make a great telanovella. With non-stop action and engaging conversations, this story flows effortlessly from scene to scene. Only Tracy could stage a rescue during a Cat-4 hurricane.
by Merrie Weiler on Freedom Fighters
Viva Freedom Fighters!
Another fantastic entry in the Vistaria Has Fallen series. A headstrong Carmen Escobedo has fallen in with a group of freedom fighters. She's also fallen into a contentious relationship with the group's leader, Garrett Blackburn. She's hot-tempered and fiery, he's cold and controlled. They're both hiding secrets. What happens when they collide is a fireball of feelings! I think my e-reader is still smoking around the edges! I voluntarily reviewed an Advance Reader Copy of this book and immediately went out and bought the book. I highly recommend it to you.
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To start, apologies if this belongs in the Crews seeking Pirates thread. As I'm looking for actors and roleplayers as much as I am pirates, it seemed appropriate. Lock this and I'll repost there if I'm wrong.
The recent departure of RobertDonald from the Midnight Ocean has had me thinking on the nature of villainy. And I've come to the conclusion that Viridian needs some mythic villains. Someone to be whispered about and to strike terror into sailors plying the trading lanes between the islands. Scupperer is too big to be seen as a threat to the average pirate.
I have a small group of hearties who are willing to join me. We are forming a crew of alts named for deities; not for ranking purposes (I have no wish to exploit the PvP system) but for identity as this is a multi-crew and flag concept. No member knows the true identity of another. I would like us to be seen as an anti-pantheon, opposite to the OMs and their Greek god-themed crew.
This is a venture for fun, not profit (though profit is always nice). We are not out to grief anyone or to play favorites. We want to create a fabled villain on the seas, one who strikes fast and disappears even faster. Role playing these villains is of course a necessary step.
I don't want this to become an all consuming project for anyone, but a way for anyone interested in playing "the bad guy" to have that chance, even if just once a week.
Discuss, and PM if you have an interest in joining.
P.S. For reference, http://www.pantheon.org has an excellent selection of names to use for alts. A crew of underworld figures and trickster gods can be fun.
I'm curious as to what you actually plan to do though. Blockades? PvP?
PvP mostly, but only as part of the story. My first recruit, Kalikamata, and I had a nice scene yesterday when we bumped into each other on a navy ship. The greenies aboard were definitely interested in what was going on.
Scupperer is too big to be seen as a threat to the average pirate.
I shall be a threat again one day!
Whatever happened to Hades and his Nefarious Schemes(tm)?
Feel free. I'm also open to Midnighters who just want to come to Viridian and be the bad guy for a bit.
No offense Scup. You really pioneered the modern form of villainy, but you're Like Lex Luthor - so expansive with your reach that the little guy doesn't feel it. Flags fear you, Randombeard the pirate doesn't. If you were to pull a Fandango and embargo every flag on Viridian so only SSS old port at Olive, then you'd have some impact on the little guy.
You got the wrong island there. Scupperer is at Prolix. I was at Olive until I gave up the ghost. Now I'm lurking in the shadows before trying something new and interesting, maybe.
Apologies Akumu, didn't mean to switch your islands there. Of course, I'm not looking for big schemes or to collude to make us rich. I'm looking to provide some story, and hopefully have the bona fides (i.e. crew pvp and personal pirate stats) to make it seem a credible story.
Fronsac provides a nice outline for a classic villain in this post and Christoban throws around the overarching "plot" idea here.
I've said it a million times, Viridian needs Barnaby and Hades type plots to get it kick started.
Barnaby and Hades did the brunt of their activity on Azure. They encouraged people to do more than sit around and do trades and challenges.
Funny, I've not heard of any Midnighters actively interfering in Viridian as an outside influence. The Midnighters that moved to viridian actually play in that ocean actively.
Sometimes, it's up to the players to start something ;) The OP's idea is fantastic in my opinion.
Viridian needs Barnaby and Hades type plots to get it kick started.
Well I guess him and his family being a kidnap victim is giving him a bit too much credit for "plots"
And having every injury so the rest of us could be jealous we were whole!
Fordprefect says, "I don't know what's wrong with you cap...but im sure it's hard to pronounce."
Jamesofur says "its james of UR not james o fur!"
The only Midnighters who are "interfering" with Viridian are those of us who darn well play HARD on Viridian. Case in point. Me. I Play hard on Viridian, and blockade for fun on Midnight.
I want a big cookie!
Are you referring to the forum's general opinion of Viridian?
In som ways, it can't be helped. Minus all of the LOTF server references and the like, you have to realise that when about two thirds* of pirate's main home on this forum is Midnight.
It's much like a sport: Every fan loves the game, except they will always be biased for their own team.
It has been said, my friends, that I like war. My friends, I like War. No...I LOVE WAR!
Danet - An old salt of Y!PP, but not the oldest by a long shot.
Shore leave!=Game Design or Parley?
Well, your "proof" is from shore leave. Not really the best place to get your data.
I'm proud to announce that Kalikamata, Hindu mother goddess and symbol of destruction and dissolution, has been promoted to officer in "Ancient Scoundrels." If Anansi is unavailable to add you to our crew, Kali is generally around when I'm not.
Also, keep an eye out for the "Fallen Angelfish" PvPing it's way between Prolix and Lima.


Our own editor in chief Brian Halweil (speaking) moderated a panel of food waste experts, including (left to right) Marcel Van Ooyen (president and CEO of GrowNYC), Tony Vu (founder and CEO of MintScraps) and Kate MacKenzie (senior director for programs at City Harvest).
In the opening to his 2011 book, American Wasteland: How America Throws Away Nearly Half of Its Food (and What We Can Do About It), Jonathan Bloom writes that America wastes enough food to fill the Rose Bowl each day. The issue of food waste has only grown in public consciousness since then and was the main topic at our Feeding NYC by Reducing Restaurant Waste event on Monday, March 27.
TouchBistro co-hosted the evening and our own editor in chief Brian Halweil moderated a panel of food waste experts including Kate MacKenzie (senior director for programs at City Harvest), Tony Vu (founder and CEO of MintScraps) and Marcel Van Ooyen (president and CEO of GrowNYC).
Kate Mackenzie began by sharing that City Harvest will rescue 55 million pounds of food this year. Despite this impressive figure, Van Ooyen stated that the amount of food wasted in New York is astronomical. "Our schools alone are serving one million meals each day," he remarked. He conceded that "challenges are vast" but emphasized that there was reason to remain optimistic. "At GrowNYC we believe every act by an individual adds up to a big change by everyone," he encouraged. Suggestions for small individual acts? Consumers should buy the ugly produce at farmers markets and chefs should adopt the "tip to tail" ethos of animal butchery.
Vu who founded Mintscraps in 2013 did so because of a lack of "great tools to help food businesses, restaurants and hotels easily measure and quantify food waste." Mintscraps, an online platform that does just that, is in the process of onboarding 50 food businesses from New York, San Francisco and Thailand. His innovation has recently caught the attention of celebrity chef Mario Batali.
In New York, policy that mandates large restaurants must compost their organic waste and new technology are contributing to the early stages of progress, but there are barriers. Infrastructure, Van Ooyen noted, is one of them. He encouraged restaurant designers to start thinking about areas for food scrap storage and space to hold leftover food that can be donated. All three panelists agreed that while restaurant waste is a major issue, it's not any one sector's fault. Mackenzie affirmed this point noting that "the most food waste in this country happens in our homes at the consumer level," but small, easy steps we can all take will effect big change.


Marisa wandered around the sands near the northern mountains. She knew the Shriken, people who could fly, lived there. Maybe she would run into one. She looked up the mountain, and then into the sky. It was getting dark, so she decided to return to her village.
This came up again at supper. First, the children were fed, then everyone else split what was left. It was a little less than usual.
Marisa finished her food and then stared into the fire.
The next day, Marisa went out hunting once more. She took her dart, the Plainkind throwing sword, and headed north. She searched the desert for her prey, the dinosaurs that Plainkind preferred to feed on.
As time passed and she surveyed the plains, Marisa allowed herself to wander further and further north, her route wilfully deviating towards the mountains.
Marisa walked along the base curiously. She reached a cave she hadn't noticed before.
"If course, taking a break in the shade is a good idea," she said.
Marisa stepped into the cave and sat down on a portion of the ground. She ate a bit of dried meat and looked around. The cave split off in many directions.
"I wonder if these lead anywhere, or if they just end," she mused.
She scanned the cave with her eyes, as if looking for prey, and saw a trail of sand heading down one of the tunnels.
Marisa considered returning to explore it later, after she had gotten food for the village, but she convinced herself that the trail might be disturbed or that she may never find this cave again! Thus, she reasoned, she must explore the cave immediately.
Marisa stood and followed the sand trail deeper into the cave. After moving inwards a little ways, the tunnel opened up into a small, dimly lit cavern. Sunlight streamed in from a small hole in one of the walls. On the wall opposite the hole Marisa saw engravings. She saw, drawn into the walls, three simplified people.
She studied the engravings. The first person looked to be a Plainkind person. Then, the last one had wings, so it must be a Shriken. In between was a fearsome creature.
She looked between the three images, and then at the lines scrawled between them. She traced them with her finger, thinking.
The voice echoed across the cavern and Marisa's hairs stood on end. She turned around and saw a woman standing in doorway. She was no taller than Marica, but she was older, and had large, leathery wings folded behind her back. She also looked much stronger than Marisa.
Marisa watched the Shriken woman's face. She looked angry, but also something else. She looked worried.
There will be a couple more parts. I'm excited to work on this story, but I'm a little worried with how strange the plans are for it. We'll see how it plays out.
This is a writing I made way back in September. It's exam season right now, and on top of that, I'm not being as productive as I would like to be. However, I am intent on keeping this blog going even during my hardest times, so here is a piece, almost not even a story, that I wrote a while back.
It's a part of Alexandre Jutt's journal, and I wrote it while I was a little off mentally, so it might come off as odd. Looking back, however, I found it to be rather engaging nonetheless.
Epinephrine is the fight or flight hormone. Humans, when subjected to chronic loneliness, begin to release epinephrine and the hormone, left unchecked, will erode the body from the inside. It prevents the body from regeneration and inhibits the immune system. Is it your fault that you are lonely? Is it my fault that I am not lonely?
Is it true, even, that I am not lonely? Maybe I'm just deluding myself. Maybe, secretly, a secret even from myself, I am lonely. But I don't think so. There's a logic to it though, see, I don't feel much different after the ordeal than before. Is it that I'm too distant from my own situation? Perhaps. I have been seen as 'cold' in the past, and not just by one person. But I am not lonely. Even when I was with my uncle, I felt like this about half the time. Even when I left, I felt like this about half the time. And even now I feel the same, about half the time. Exactly the same.
"And what do you feel?" He had asked. And I didn't want to answer him.
But I did answer him. And, after all that happened, I am glad that I did.
Because after that I did research, a lot of research. I went to our private library, and then I went to the city's public library, and finally to the University's library.
And I learned what was happening. I learned all about the mind, about neurostudies, about biology and synapses, about the nervous system, about the third eye that was hidden deep within the core. I learned about a lot of things, but I don't know what to do, about epinephrine.
For more on Jutt and Epinephrine, check this post out.
This is an update on what I'm currently writing for fiction. Because I am still doing that.
I would say add that, despite opting out to a low-effort post here, I did actually start planning a short story (or chain of short stories). It'll be a second draft of sorts for the incredibly odd WHAT WAS IT LIKE? THE FUTURE? A tale that anyone, even me, could tell got really weird, almost nonsensical near the end.
So far, it's been almost entirely upheaved; even the main character is different. The things that are the same is, for now at least, the presence of the Shriken, and the fact that the main character did (in the next draft's case learned) something that they should not have.
This second version will probably also be a little weird, but it will be intentional, as opposed to what happened in the first version. That is, I had pulled all kinds of strange theoretical musings on Yaska out of my brain, and put some them (I have a lot more) into the story just to move the plot along. The latter half of it was written in an intense rush, and thus the downsides of rushing are clear.
I'm really happy to be finally both planning and writing a second draft of something, two things I've been neglecting pretty much since the beginning of this blog. I'm probably going to be shifting the main character from Yaska to her friend Marisa, a character that has existed for a long time, but hasn't often been written about. Especially not as a main character. She's mentioned in Yaska's Youth as a young child, and in other places in varying forms. I've drawn her a long time ago.
This is one from 2014, where I drew characters for a D&D campaign.
Both this and the featured image are drawings of older versions of Marisa/Mariça, and done nearly three years ago, so of course there will be differences when I write. That and I'm writing, not drawing.
Due to exams, I may not have time to write anything except for study notes until the 20th. As a result, I've queued up something I wrote a while back on Alexandre Jutt to be dropped around then. So, if my next post is not on Marisa (the new main character), that's why. The one after should be though!!
I hope for the best, and I hope you like it when it's done.
What were Judas Priest's "Best Years"?
I'm kind of in a bad way right now, and it's exam season. Despite this, I'm going to try to keep the ball rolling. Here's a short piece on the different eras of one of my favourite bands, Judas Priest.
Back in the beginning, Rocka Rolla (1974) to around Stained Class (1978), they were considered by some to be a band with an experimental style. The kind of early metal that still mixed with the blues and was still called rock (check Dreamer Deceiver). The pinnacle of this sound, I think most would agree, was Stained Class. Afterwards Hell Bent for Leather dropped; the transition into the British Steel era.
When Halford left after Painkiller, the band died. There was no Judas Priest from 1992-1995. It was during those exact years that Halford's solo band Fight ran. Other ex-Priest members weren't slouching either. Scott Travis actually joined Fight, and Tiptonn recorded material that would later become Baptizm of Fire (1997) and Edge of the World (2006). It was around then that the band decided to get back together. They had everyone except for a singer, (Halford would move on to 2wo in 1994 and then "Halford" in 1999) so they started auditioning. One day Scott Travis found someone who had a crazy vocal range, and even knew how to perform all the Priest classics.
Since Halford returned in 2003, I feel like the band has looking back and trying to figure themselves out. Angel of Retribution (2004) was highly retrospective, referencing a lot of older songs and styles, while adding a new touch. Released in 2008, Nostradamus was an experimental step in an interesting direction. I think with a bit more editing and research it could have been great, but it comes off a little longwinded. Redeemer of Souls, like Retribution, feels like a look back, but also a look forward with songs like, "The Beginning of the End" and "Going Down in Flames".
The new album, Firepower, looks highly energetic. It sounds like a fusion of Halford's Resurrection, Jugulator, and Angel of Retribution. They aren't messing around this time around. Although it's hard to tell with a 15 second clip, I feel like they're returning to a more natural direction.
For me, their best years are modern Priest. I like to see what they have been doing most recently, and I want to make the best of the newer albums while the band is still kicking. When Ian Hill was asked what his favourite was, he said, "Ask anybody that, I always say 'the last album'." Hill explains proudly, "Which at that moment in time it is the new album. Just because we've spent so much time on it, you know? But it is" (Macek). This sense of pride In the end, the "best era" for Judas Priest should be the one that matches your own tastes best. And don't be afraid to check them all out from time to time as well.
Macek, J.C. "'We're All Fans': An Interview with Judas Priest's Ian Hill." PopMatters, PopMatters, 1 June 2017, www.popmatters.com/193529-were-all-fans-an-interview-with-judas-priests-ian-hill-2495529544.html.
Judas Priest has been one of my favourite bands since around August of 2014 when Redeemer of Souls came out to . I listened to them pretty seriously until around early 2017. I still listen to them here and there, but my main band at the moment is Falling Up.
I do have another story in mind, but it's going to take a bit of work. Hopefully I get it out later this week.
Jason Arson walked through the streets, sliding leather gloves onto his fingers as he went. The reason Jason wore gloves was so that he could distance himself from any actions he made while wearing them. It was a single degree of separation, but for him it was enough.
He was twenty minutes behind his schedule, and it made him agitated. He was still ten minutes ahead, his schedules were very early, but it still put him out of his element. He had less time to hand anything unexpected or unwanted. He had considered breaking into a run or light jog, but either of these would make him stand out. Right now, he needed to blend.
Jason had grown his hair and beard specifically so that no one would recognise him. So far it was working because the townspeople didn't, especially since he no longer wore the uniform of a guard. Those that knew him best and might see through the disguise were in the castle. He knew he should feel safe about remaining anonymous in the crowd, but he felt as if he had forgotten something.
He turned a corner and saw it at the end of the street. The building with the item he was looking for. He looked at the sundial in the centre of the intersection. He was still behind, but he still had some time. He would sneak into the front door of the building just as the back door was being locked, and then hide as the owner locked up the front and left. Then he would find the paper bag, and unlock one of the doors, and leave. When Jason left, he would have to leave the building unlocked, since he had no key. That wouldn't be an issue depending on how valuable the item inside the bag was.
Jason walked down the street towards the building and then he noticed someone. He recognized one of the faces. Why, was it a castle guard he knew? But they should all be on duty right now. He looked at the person's face. It was a younger woman. No, he knew her for a different reason. This was one of the construction workers who had helped renovate the castle when had worked there.
He imagined what she would say if she recognized him. She would ask him what happened, she would ask him why he left. She would say that she was going to tell everyone that he was still in town. That he had just grown a beard, and to look out for him on the streets. To say hi, or something. Jason shook his head. She would ruin everything. He swiftly turned around before anyone noticed him, and took a detour. This was why he liked to be early.
When he finally got to the building, he figured that he had no more than a few minutes. Could couldn't seen anyone inside, but the door was still open. He figured that they must have gone to lock up the back, so he rushed inside and looked around. Where was the paper bag? He looked around the cabinets of syrups. He was confused, syrups used to be considered medicine, until people found out that they weren't very healthy, that they just made a person feel good. Sort of. Syrups were now just used for intoxication. Jason sighed, and then saw the paper bag on a side counter. He walked over and grabbed it, then immediately realized his mistake.
He had messed up the order and grabbed the bag before the owner had left.
A man rounded the corner of the shop, just as Jason guessed would happen. Jason didn't freeze, his instincts knew that that would look more suspicious. Instead, he continued picking up the paper bag, and then looked at the man, as if he belonged here, as if this was normal behaviour. And, thanks to ingrained social cues, the man believed it.
On the shelves? Jason looked inside the paper bag. It was a bottle of syrups. He assumed that he had grabbed the wrong bag. This couldn't be what he had been sent to take. He looked around for another bag, but there were none. This was what he had been sent to steal? Of all things, a bottle of syrups?
Jason considered putting the bag down, and saying no, then exiting and coming back later to take it. That wouldn't work, he would immediately be assumed to be the thief! And what then, if the guard was looking for his description? They would know both his trimmed and full grown faces! He couldn't grow more beard. Jason thought for a moment, and then he knew what to do.
He put the bottle and the bag on the table.
Jason nodded. He took his gloves off, put them in his jacket pocket, and took his coin pouch out of it. With his bare hands, he paid the man and took the bag with the bottle of syrups and walked out of the shop. He headed back to where he started. As he walked, he considered having a smug conversation with the leader about how he ended up getting the bag, what was actually in it in the first place.
Writing this one was actually a real struggle. I haven't written anything outside of essays in the last ten days (I technically wrote four last week, although two were shorter philosophy essays for an exam). Sunchaser was written on the 23rd, and it's the 3rd now, so it's really been a while. (You should check Sunchaser out, it's cool).


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List of Top Private & Government Medical universities in India
Home / Blog /List of Top Private & Government Medical Universities in India
Posted on 01st November, 2018 | Posted By Akash Yendhe
Seeking an MBBS Admission in India?
Becoming a doctor is a dream of every Medical aspirant who has completed higher secondary education in General Science. Studying medicine in India is like a part of their fantasy.
So, What's the big thing?
Yes, it is a big thing. It's not easy to take an admission for MBBS in India. But, it is not as much as difficult also. The student who wants to pursue an MBBS in India, "Searching Universities and Institutes" is the nominal factor for them.
The medical education in India is nurturing the medical aspirants to establish their own domain in Medical Field. Medical Programmes in India are well-recognized by worldwide authority.
The parameters like syllabus, training, study material, research programs are accomplished by Medical Universities in India.
In India, the ranking of Universities is higher than any other abroad countries. So, Obviously, it's high time for the students to explore MBBS in India. Student's get confused to designate the perfect place for their Medical Education.
We, At "Select Your University" emphasize the student not only for Medical Education also for the career scopes thereafter. We are one of the reputed overseas consultants in India assist the students for their Medical Career.
Our services provide proper guidance, counseling to students from well-craft management.
What Do We Provide?
We are affiliated with top Medical Universities in India for the sake of Medical Education. Also, we help the foreign students who want to pursue MBBS/BDS in India.
Gathering a admission assistance along with tuition fees, cost of living, accommodation, for the provision of Foreign students, is important to us.
Here, We have enlisted the top NMC Approved Medical Universities in India as well as the respective fee structure.
Let's have a Look:
Fee Structure of Top Medical Institutes/Colleges in India (Private & Government)
1 Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune
The Institutions of Bharati Vidyapeeth (BV) was accorded deemed university status in 1996 for its academic Programme. Dr. Patangrao Kadam is the founder of Bharati Vidyapeeth institute in Pune. It has 29 constitute institutions along with 3 research centres. Bhartiya Vidyapeeth Deemed University is recognized by Government of India.
All the programmes are approved by UGC and respective councils.The Institute has a world-class medical education with super-specialty hospitals and services at affordable cost. Bhartiya Vidyapeeth Deemed University offers undergraduates and postgraduate courses with respective specialization.
Fee Structure for Bharti Vidyapeeth Medical (Deemed) University
Fee in USD $ 30,716
Fee in Indian Rupees Rs.18,43,000
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) Rs.2,00,000
Total Rs.20,43,000
Know more about other branches of Bharati Vidyapeeth University:
Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College & Hospital, Sangli
Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Pune
Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College & Hospital, Sangli
Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai
2 All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS) is the one of the NMC approved institute in India. There are total 50 students are admitted every year for pursuing the MBBS course in AIIMS Institute.
AIIMS runs a variety of undergraduate courses in medicine, nursing, and related areas, and the postgraduate courses in virtually all the basic and clinical medical specialties and super specialties. Admissions to the courses are based on entrance examinations conducted across all over the country.
Fee Structure for All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Fee in USD 77 22 22 22 22
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 4,646 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,210
Total 5,856 2,560 2,560 2,560 2,560
3 Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune
Armed Forces Medical College in India, is the premier medical institute of India having great center of excellence and education.The proper training provided to medical and nursing students with adequate career prospective.
The institute is affiliated with Maharashtra University of Health Science and recognized by NMC(National Medical Commission). Armed Forces Medical College(AFMC) offers the program for both Undergraduate and post-graduate students
Fee Structure for Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC)
Fee in USD 1280 112 112 112 112
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 76,780 6,735 6,735 6,735 6,735
Total 76,780 6,735 6,735 6,735 6,735
4 Maulana Azad Medical College(MAMC), Delhi
Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Delhi is one of the Institute ranked in 3rd position by India today. Around 122 acres area occupy by this institute. The institute is affiliated with Ministry of Health Science and recognized by NMC (National Medical Commission).
The College was founded in 1958, with erstwhile Irwin hospital (now the Lok Nayak Hospital) attached to it. The college is named after great patriot and educationist Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad. The college provides beneficial training(Including Internships) to students in order to prepare for professional and scientific challenges comes during career point of view.
Fee Structure for Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC)
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) 320 320 320 320 320
5 Dr. D. Y.Patil Medical College, Pune
Dr. D. Y.Patil Medical College medical Institute & Research Center established in 1996, recognized by NMC (National Medical Commission). The Medical program in Dr. D. Y.Patil Medical College also recognized by Malaysian Government and Malaysian Council. The International recognition enable the medical students to work as government doctor in Malaysia.
The College has 1470 bedded well equipped hospital and Research Centre. The hospital is equipped with 18 operation theatres along with latest equipment, Clinical Laboratory, well maintained Intensive Care Units with modern types of equipment.
Fee Structure for Dr. D.Y.Patil Medical College
Fee in USD 43,333 44,633 45,972 47,356 48,772
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 26,00,000 26,78,000/td> 27,58,340 28,41,090 29,26,322
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) 2,05,500 2,05,500 2,05,500 2,05,500 2,05,500
Total 28,05,500 28,83,500 29,63,840 30,46,590 31,31,822
Note: The annual fee is increased by 3% each year.
Know more about other branches of Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute:
Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune
6 Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Pondicherry
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research is one of the oldest Government medical college founded in 1823 situated in pondicherry. JIPMER offered both postgraduate and undergraduate medical training and working hospital that provide inexpensive medical care to large number of patients.
The institute is affiliated with government and approved by NMC (National Medical Commission). The institute has a medical program for both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Fee Structure for Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) 14,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Total 25620 10,620 10,620 10,620 10,620
Note: Academic fee for NRI/OCI candidate is $75000/-. This will be one time payment of entire duration of course.
7 Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC)
The Lady Hardinge Medical College of women was founded in 1914 to commemorate the visit of Her Majesty Queen Mary in 1911-12. The college and hospital was formally opened by Lord Hardinge in 17th February 1916. The institute provides Medical education and training, Medical research, hospital healthcare policies and programme to students.
The Institute offers the undergraduate and postgraduate programmes to graduates and professionals. The courses offered in Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC) are approved by Medical Governance of India.
Fee Structure for Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC)
8 Grant Medical College, Mumbai
Grant Medical College is located in Mumbai, affiliated to Maharashtra University of Health Science, Nashik. Grant Medical College is associated with sir J.J. group of hospitals. It is the state medical college situated in the area of 44 acres.
The J.J. group of hospital is the combination of 4 hospitals which provides healthcare, training and research programmes, Medical deployment artifacts and many more facilities under the government council of India.
Fee Structure of Grant Medical College, Mumbai
Fee in USD 783 758 758 758 758
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 47,000 45,500 45,500 45,500 45,500
Total 51,000 49,500 49,500 49,500 49,500
9 Madras Medical College, Chennai
Madras Medical College is one of the premier Institutions in country started on 1st October 1850. The college is affiliated to university of Madras. The undergraduate and postgraduates courses are provided to students with medical education and training research.
The college is having para-clinical, pre-clinical departments along with super specialities hospitals.
Among top 15 medical colleges in India, Madras Medical College was considered one of them. The campus has nearly 1,250 students & 400 faculty as well as staff members.
Fee Structure of Madras Medical College
10 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore was established in 1953. KMC is recognized by the National Medical Commission and the General Medical Council of Great Britain, Australian Medical Council and the Malaysian Medical Council.
The many students from outside country like Malaysia, Netherland, USA, Ireland, New Zealand have the option for posting in Kasturba Medical College.
Fee Structure for Kasturba Medical College
Fee in USD 17,000 16,833 16,833 16,833 8,416
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 10,20,000 10,10,000 10,10,000 10,10,000 5,05,000
Hostel & Food in Rupees (approx) 64,500 33,000 33,000 33,000 33,000
Total 10,84,500 10,43,000 10,43,000 10,43,000 5,38,000
11 Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical college (BJGMC), Pune
Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College (BJMC) was founded on 23rd June, 1946. The Medical College is affiliated with the University of Pune in 1949. The B.J. Medical college is associated with Sassoon hospital which is apparently known for their healthcare facilities and medical education.
For several years, BJMC ranked among the top 10 medical institutes in India which is now affiliated to the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS), Nasik. The duration of training is of 3 years for the degree (MS or MD) courses & for diploma courses is 2 years.
Fee structure for Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College
Fee in USD 1,240 1,182 1,182 1,182 1,182
12 Osmania Medical College (OMC), Hyderabad
The government of Andhra Pradesh established its first university of health sciences namely Osmania Medical College (OMC) in 1919. The college is affiliated with University of Andhra Pradesh approved by National Medical Commission.
The main origin of the OMC college is to provide quality Medical education to students as well as professionals, appropriate training and research and vast study about healthcare sector.
Fee Structure for Osmania Medical College
Fee in Indian Rupees (approx) 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000
Total 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,20,000
Studying Medicine in India is beneficial for Indian and Foreign students. NMC Approved Medical Universities are the main cause for students to pursue a Medical course in India.


text:
About The Emergency Planning Zone
Original Language Title: o zóně havarijního plánování
11/1999 Coll.
of 9 June. December 1998
Government decrees for the implementation of law No. 18/1997 Coll. on peaceful uses of
of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation (the Atomic Act) and on the amendment and
to certain laws (hereinafter the "Act"):
The proposal for the establishment of emergency planning zone
(1) a proposal for the establishment of emergency planning zone ^ 1) presents A
the Office for nuclear safety (hereinafter referred to as "the authority"), the holder of the authorisation to
the location, the construction or operation of a nuclear installation ^ 2) or the workplace
with a very significant source of ionizing radiation in ^ 3) (hereinafter referred to as "the holder of the
enable "), if it cannot be ruled out radiation accident ^ 4)
probability of developing greater or equal 10-7/year.
(2) a proposal for the establishment of emergency planning zone includes:
and enumeration of possible radiological accidents), which are in the operation of nuclear
the equipment or workplace with a very significant source of ionizing radiation
the likelihood of greater than or equal to 10-7/year,
(b) a description of the evolution of and) during the individual radiation
the accidents studied under (a)). This description shall be accompanied by a calculation,
You can do this on the basis of the determination of the likely nuclear space
the equipment or workplace with a very significant source of ionising
radiation, in which the radiation accident has occurred to the anticipated
undue release of radionuclides or ionizing radiation, specifying
the time course of the accident, the time course of release of
radionuclides and ionizing radiation, radionuclides released and enumeration
the estimate of their activities, including the inclusion of the influence of meteorological conditions
on the spread of radionuclides in the vicinity of the device,
(c) enumeration of the possible consequences of radiological) accidents in the wake of the
the calculation referred to in subparagraph (b)), including an assessment of options to an unacceptable
the exposure of people and the consequences of this exposure, the assessment of options
guide values for urgent protective measures, ^ 5)
(d) the geographical boundaries of the design) the size of emergency planning zone.
Share holder to ensure the activities of the national radiation
the monitoring network in the emergency planning zone
(1) the permit holder is involved in ensuring the activities of the national
radiation monitoring network ^ 6) in the emergency planning zone in these
cases:
and the normal radiation situation), that's all the time of operation of nuclear
with the exception of a time when there is a suspicion of the authorisation holder in the creation or
during a radiological accident at the nuclear facility or operated
workplace with a very significant source of ionizing radiation,
(b)) for the emergency radiation situations, that's when the licence holder
There is a suspicion of the emergence and formation of a radiation accident at the
operated a nuclear device or workplace with very significant
the source of ionizing radiation,
(c)) within the framework of the emergency exercise national radiation monitoring network
for authentication, the emergency preparedness emergency planning zone.
(2) the permit holder shall exercise, in the cases referred to in paragraph 1, the following
and the normal radiation situation) in the emergency planning zone
checking compliance with the requirements for ensuring radiation protection
the population and the environment laid down specific legal
Regulation. ^ 7) check is performed by measuring the quantities laid down, including the
the scope and method of measurements in table 1 of the annex. The measurement results
Bureau once a quarter, at the latest by the end of the month
the following quarter, and collectively for the calendar year in the form of a report
not later than 31 December 2006. 3. the following year,
(b)) for the emergency radiation situations provides the measurement of uniklých radionuclides
and ionizing radiation in that part of the emergency planning zone, which is in the
due to the weather situation compromised, incited in the
the extent and manner according to table 2 of the annex, where the authority under section 3
paragraph. 2 (a). n) of the Act does not provide otherwise. The measurement results are to be transmitted
Authority in the manner prescribed by an internal emergency plan ^ 8) and the following
for details of the current meteorological situation at the site of a radiological
accident, and determine the location, duration, physico-chemical forms,
radiochemického composition, routes and leakage of radionuclides, the forecast, as soon as
This information is known. Other measurements provided by the holder of the
without prejudice to the authorization,
works on ensuring emergency preparedness emergency zone
planning. The Office may permit holder's participation in this exercise, you request,
but not more than once per calendar year.
Share holder for the equipment of the population in the zone of the accident
antidoty planning
(1) the holder of an authorisation furnishes the population in the emergency planning zone
resources to reduce exposure of internal radioactive contamination
substances (hereinafter referred to as "antidotes") in the following range:
and 2 doses) after 130 mg of potassium iodide for each person over 12 years
age and for each person who has reached 12 years of age in the course of time
applicability of the tablet,
b) 2 doses after 65 mg of potassium iodide for each person under 12 years of age.
Included these antidotes is always written instructions for their use.
(2) for the determination of the number of persons acquiring antidoty referred to in paragraph
1, using the existing results of the statistical investigation shall be
and all persons) have in the emergency planning zone continuous or
temporary residence, including children of school and preschool age,
(b)) all persons who work in the emergency planning zone, pupils
schools, children attending pre-school establishments and persons visiting
schools, if the school or facility is located in a zone of emergency
(c)) the numbers of beds in inpatient medical and social facilities
located within the emergency planning zone,
(d) all persons engaging in) zone military emergency planning
or civilian service
e) other persons who are involved in the removal of consequences of radiation
the accident in accordance with the external emergency plan.
As designated by the number of additional 10% shall be added as a reserve.
(3) the basis for determining the number of doses on the holder of the authorization passes
his request to the District Office, in whose territory the nuclear installation or
site with a very significant source of ionizing radiation is, (the
"coordinating District Office") within 6 months of receipt of the request.
Coordinating District Office verifies that the basis for determining the number of
benefits correspond to reality, a maximum of every 5 years. If it finds that the
need antidotes is not covered, it shall, on the request of the authorisation holder
retrofitting the population antidoty of the reserves referred to in paragraph 2. If
This reserve under 5%, the holder of the permit it to make up to 6 months from the
receipt of the request of the District Office for its replenishment.
(4) the holder of the authorisation shall entrust to the persons referred to in paragraph 2 and shall transmit the antidoty
the reserve referred to in paragraph 2 to the coordinating antidotes to the District Office at least
and before placing a nuclear device) under paragraph 2 (a). h) sections 2, 3 and 4
law or workplace with a very significant source of ionising radiation into
operation,
(b)) before the first zavezením of nuclear fuel into the reactor at the nuclear
equipment referred to in paragraph 2 (a). (h) point 1 of the law).
(5) if there is a determination of the emergency planning zone or change in
nuclear equipment or workplace with a very significant source of
ionizing radiation, which has already been put into operation or under the
the reactor, nuclear fuel has already been zavezeno, population shall be equipped with
antidoty to the extent referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 within 3 months from the date of the determination of the
or changes to the emergency planning zone.
(6) the replacement of the antidotes because of the expiry of the period of application
coordinating District Office shall transmit to the holder of the authorization documents for
determine the number of doses of at least 6 months before the expiry of their
usability. The distribution of new antidotes to the population, download
changing of antidotes and passing the reserve referred to in paragraph 2 to the coordinating
the District Office of the permit holder shall ensure that at least 1 month before the expiry of
the shelf-life changing antidotes. Coordinating District Office
antidotes, which passes the expiration date, the holder of the authorisation
within 3 months from the expiry of that period, and the holder of the authorisation shall ensure their
disposal under special legislation. ^ 9)
Share holder of the authorisation to ensure press and information campaigns to
ensure the readiness of the population in the emergency planning zone for
cases of radiation accidents
The permit holder ensures the print and information campaign for preparedness
the population in cases of radiological emergencies in the following range:
and processing, and printing) of the publication of an information guide, which introduces the
the population of permanently living and working in the emergency zone
planning basic data about ionising radiation and its effects on
the human body and the environment, with the measures for the protection of the population
and the environment prepared for the event of a radiological accident and
with instructions on how to proceed when a radiological accident. The part of the handout
to print the Guide, which is based on the external emergency plan,
shall transmit to the holder of the authorisation to any Tween coordinating District Office
at least 6 months before its publication. Before you print the manual you
its proposed contents discussed with the Coordinating Office and the Office of the district.
The form and frequency of issuing manuals must reflect the current state of the
the prepared measures to protect the population and the environment.
Guide type exposes the holder of the authorization, its distribution to the places specified
the district authority in coordinating emergency planning zone. The first
the authorisation-holder shall ensure that the publication of the manual at least 1 month ago
placing nuclear facilities under section 2 (b). h) sections 2, 3 and 4 of the law
or work with a very significant source of ionising radiation into
operation and at least 1 month before the first nuclear fuel into the zavezením
the reactor at a nuclear installation pursuant to § 2 (b). (h) point 1 of the law),
(b) the participation of their experts, security) for the training of representatives of authorities
authorities in a zone of emergency planning and training institutions
coordinating District Office, which are intended to address radiological
the accident, about links internal and external emergency plan, and to
the mutual exchange of relevant information, if the training
organized by the Coordinating Office of the district.
Share holder to ensure the system of notification of concerned
(1) the permit holder provides a summary of the technical and organisational
measures to ensure the immediate transmission of information on the occurrence or
the suspected creation of radiation accidents and its characteristics by the district
the authorities, in whose territory extends emergency planning zone, the authority and the
other authorities concerned, 2 the mutually zálohujícími
technical-organizational methods within the scope of a particular legal
^ 10) Regulation, which will enable those authorities to start preparing for
the most appropriate disposal of this radiation accidents and limit its consequences,
(hereinafter referred to as "the system of notification"). Other relevant bodies are bodies,
that the holder of the authorisation shall specify in their internal emergency plan. These
operators shall inform the authorisation-holder and, where appropriate, invite to participate in the
radiation accident at the nuclear disposal facility or workplace with
a very significant source of ionizing radiation and to limit its
(2) if the system of notification provided by the holder of the authorisation referred to in
paragraph 1 of the memorandum provided uses the system of Ministry of
Defense within the framework of the civil protection ^ 11) holder of the authorisation it ensures and
the costs shall be borne by the full extent needed for the retrofit system provided
The Ministry of defence over its status at the date of entry into force of this
of the regulation.
Share holder to ensure the system warning
measures belonging to the early warning of the population while the emergence of
radiation accident (hereinafter referred to as "system alert"). A warning means
the posting of the acoustic signal for the acceptance of the population in the entire zone
emergency planning and possibly the optical signal to the authorities of the municipalities and
informing the general public about radiological accident and on the necessary
measures on the basis of the decision of the public authorities or bodies
local government radio and television broadcasting on the way ^ 12)
using pre-built Visual and sound recordings.
(2) if the system of warnings provided by the holder of the authorisation referred to in
paragraph 1 uses the system of warnings provided by the Ministry of defence
in the framework of the civil protection, ^ 11) holder of the authorisation it provides and pays the
the costs associated with system provided by retro-fitting by the Ministry of
Defense over its status at the date of entry into force of this regulation.
Common provisions and transitional
(1) in the case where the overlap zone emergency planning more
permit holders, the measures referred to in § 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Regulation may
be in overlapping areas made by the authorisation holder together.
(2) in the emergency planning zone laid down before the entry into force of
of this regulation, the population of equip antidoty in the scope of this
Regulation within 3 months from the effective date of its effectiveness.
The effectiveness of the
This Regulation shall enter into force on the date of publication.
Prime Minister:
Ing. Zeman in r.
Minister of industry and trade:
doc. Ing. Gregr, r.
The annex to Decree-Law No. 11/1999 Coll.
Table 1:
Monitoring of the components of the environment and food chain
in the emergency planning zone, the normal radiation situation
Monitored the number of points measured variable Frequency the frequency of the measurements required sensitivity measurement
folder subscriptions
air volume activity and 4 places (of which continuously once a week able to provide volume
radionuclides 1 activity and survey
the predominant radionuclides can arise from (b), which causes
When operating the nuclear wind direction) when year-round R67
equipment or time effective dose (c)
workplace level 1 0/00 General
the basic limit (d)
water volume activity and 1 place under one subscription option on the weight of vždypo
radionuclides, the outlet sample monthly activity and survey
can result from waste water of radionuclides (b), which causes
operation of nuclear to the water consumption of full year full-time
device or recipientue the effective dose (c) at the level of
the workplace (after mixing) 1 0/00 general primary
limit (d)
public water supply (f) once the subscription vždypo
monthly sample
1 place in the direction of one vždypo subscription
the flow of quarterly sample
groundwater from
the object of the nuclear
device or
the soil mass activity g 4 places (of which one subscription option on the weight of vždypo
radionuclides that 1 sample per year activity (g) less than 100 Bq/kg
can result from prevailing to radionuclides (b)
operation of a nuclear direction winds)
the equipment or workplace
the air power of the batch of 16 seats outside the continuous possibility of laying down power consumption
+ land area of nuclear radiation equivalent (evaluation of dose equivalent
the gamma devices, or at least one higher than 0.05 gamaSv/h
site on a quarterly basis)
(for together
pie slices)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
16 points on the boundary of continuous able to lay down power consumption
the area of the nuclear (evaluation of dose equivalent exceeding
device, or at least one 0.05 gamaSv/h
workplace (quarterly)
adjacent to each other
22.5. circular
the slices)
at least 4 of the mass activity (g) at least 1 position once the subscription option on the weight of vždypo
in the zone of radionuclides that for each year the sample activity (g) survey
the emergency may occur in monitored radionuclides, b that causes
planning of the operation of a nuclear article food consumption year
grown device or string time effective dose (c)
agricultural workplace level 1 0/00 General
crops of the basic limit (d)
(of which
types are
zkrmovány
the above-ground
section),
and fruit
milk volume activity and 1 seat in the direction of once a vždypo subscription option to determine the volume
radionuclides that prevailing 2 weeks activity and sample survey
can occur when winds of radionuclides, b that
operation of nuclear will cause full year
device or the enjoyment of time effective
workplace benefits (c) level 1 0/00
General primary
fish weight activity g 1 instead of under one subscription option on the weight of vždypo
radionuclides, the outlet sample per year activity (g) survey
that can arise from waste radionuclides, b that causes
When operating the nuclear channel into the enjoyment of full year
device or the water time for effective dose (c)
workplace recipientue level 1 0/00 General
Note: the specific locations of sampling, frequency of donations and measurement shall be determined
so as to be representative of the results obtained in terms of radiation
protection of the population.
and Volume activity means a proportion of the activity
and the total volume of the sample taken.
(b) between observed radionuclides are included all the
radionuclides, whose contribution to the exposure of individuals
members of the public may under the approved conditions
the operation of the relevant nuclear installation or
site with a very significant source of ionising
radiation reach 1 General the basic limits
laid down in the Decree No 184/1997.
(c) section 3 of Decree No. 184/1997.
(d) section 9 of Decree No. 184/1997.
(e) Water recipientem means the body of water receiving
water from a river basin or water waste.
(f) between the public water supply, from which is taken the
those that operate under the approved conditions
the relevant nuclear installation or site
with a very significant source of ionizing radiation can
cause to the exposure of an individual contribution
from a population of 1 General the basic limits
(g) Mass activity means a proportion of the activity
and the total weight of the sample taken.
Monitoring of the environmental and food
the strings in the emergency planning zone for emergency radiation situations
(HRS)
Air displacement activity, and 4 c once a week continuously able to provide volume
radionuclides activity and survey
can result from radionuclides, d which causes
When you operate a nuclear inhalation for period 1
device, or of the month time effective
workplace benefits (e) level 1 0/00
General primary limit f
water volume activity and public water supply (f) every immediately after the possibility to determine bulk density
radionuclides that 6 hours sampling activity, and less than 10 Bq/l
can result from following the occurrence of radionuclides to d
operation of a nuclear HRS
zařízení nebo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
site 1 space below the outlet every immediately after the option of determining the bulk density
wastewater treatment within 6 hours of sampling activity, and less than 10 Bq/l
of the receiving water (g) since the inception of the radionuclides to d
(after mixing) HRS
land concentration (h) at least 2 every space immediately after the option of determining the areal
radionuclides, which set out in 6 hours sampling activity (h) less than 1000
can result from internal from the emergence of Bq/m2 for each
operation of a nuclear emergency plan HRS discovered radionuclides (d)
workplace b
the air power of a batch of space along the route, at least one opportunity to provide input
+ land equivalent of the radiation monitoring and dose equivalent to 6 hours of
the gamma of the emergence of HRS and always higher than 0.05 gamaSv/h
After a change of direction
the wind to another
22, 5stup. slice
16 seats outside the grounds of the possibility to provide for continuous power consumption
nuclear dose equivalent higher
device, or than 0.05 gamaSv/h
the area of the nuclear dose equivalent higher
place of work (c)
agricultural mass activity (j) 1 space for min. 1 time immediately after the option on the weight
crops of radionuclides, which each every sampling activity (j) less than 100
may arise when agricultural 12 hours Bq/kg for each
zkrmovanou operation of nuclear crop since the inception of the compounds radionuclides (d)
the above-ground facilities or HRS
parts of the site (b)
(at least
2 species)
milk volume activity and 1 location in the direction of min. 1 time immediately after the option of determining the bulk density
radionuclides that prevailing every sampling activity, and less than 10
can occur when winds 12 hours Bq/l for individual
operation of nuclear since the inception of the compounds
device or HRS radionuclides (d)
(b) with the exception of radionuclides emitting only particles
Beta.
(c) the terminal units are identical to the measuring points for
usual radiation situation.
(d) between observed radionuclides are included all the
(e) section 3 of Decree No. 184/1997.
(f) section 9 of Decree No. 184/1997.
(g) Water recipientem means the body of water receiving
(h) an areal activity means a proportion of the activity and the area
the content on which the activity is distributed.
and the Route monitors means a route provided for in
the internal emergency plan, which are crossed and on which
are determined by the location in which the samples folder
the environment, or in performing
(j) the mass activity means a proportion of the activity
1) § 17 para. 3 of law No. 18/1997 Coll. on peaceful uses of nuclear
energy and ionizing radiation (the Atomic Act), and amending and supplementing
Some laws.
section 2 (b) 2). h) Act No. 18/1997.
3) § 2 (b). c) of Act No. 18/1997.
4) § 2 (b). l) Act No. 18/1997.
5) section 64 and 65 of Decree No 184/1997 Coll., on ensuring
radiation protection.
6) § 17 para. 1 (b). f) of Act No. 18/1997.
7) Decree No 184/1997.
8) Decree No. 217/1997 Coll., on details to ensure emergency
the readiness of the nuclear installations and sites sources of ionizing
radiation and about the requirements for the contents of the internal emergency plan and the
the emergency order.
9) for example, Act No. 125/1997 Coll., on waste, as amended by Act No.
167/1998 Coll.
10) section 6 of Decree No. 217/1997.
11) § 46 para. 1 of law No. 18/1997 Coll.
12) § 5 para. 1 (b). e) Act No. 468/1991 Coll. on the operation of
radio and television broadcasting, as amended by Act No. 597/1992 Coll.,
Act No. 36/1993 Coll., Act No. 253/1994 Coll., Act No. 40/1995 Coll.
Act No. 237/1995 Coll., Act No. 301/1995 Coll. and Act No. 135/1995 Sb.
Search Translated Laws of Czech Republic
2016 About The Details, To Ensure The Management Of Radiation Incidents
1988 General Rules Of Radiation Safety
1998 Ensure The Cores. Safety And Radiation Protection. Device
1997 Atomic Act
2002 On Radiation Protection
2015 The Principles For Defining The Emergency Planning Zone
2002 The Emergency Preparedness Of Nuclear Facilities
2011 Amendments To The Law "on Radiation Safety And Nuclear Safety"
2013 Shandong Provincial Nuclear Emergency Management
2001 About The Details Of The Security Of The Integrated Rescue System