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Airstrikes Begin in Syria: A Decisive Blow or an Ominous Precedent?
Musa al-Gharbi,
The Southwest Initiative for the Study of Middle East Conflicts
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The Obama Administration has just announced that they and their coalition allies have begun a fierce campaign in Syria, bombing primarily "hard-targets" in the IS stronghold of Raqqa (about 20 of them). Here's what is known—and perhaps more importantly—what is not known so far:
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The U.S. was the only non-Arab actor to participate in the Syria raids. Collaborating with the U.S. were five other Arab states: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE, Bahrain, and Jordan.
While many pundits have and will continue to describe them as "moderate Arab allies"—what "moderate" usually means is something akin to "compliant with the U.S. agenda in the region." What may be more significant to note about these powers is that they are all monarchies—in fact, the actors who took part in the strike are most of the region's surviving dynasties (excluding only Oman, Kuwait, and Morocco).
The Gulf monarchs are far from beloved in Iraq, even among the Sunni population. Readers may remember that the "Sunni" Hussein regime wanted to go to war with the KSA, provoking the U.S.-led Operation Desert Shield. There is a long enmity between the peoples of Iraq and the Gulf monarchs—and an even deeper enmity between these powers and the Syrians. So the idea that the populations of IS-occupied Iraq and Syria will find these forces and their actions legitimate simply in virtue of the fact that they are "Sunni" is a gross oversimplification that reinforces problematic sectarian narratives even as it obscures important geopolitical truths. Among them:
If anything, the alliance that carried out the strike actually reinforces the narrative of the IS: it will be framed as the United States and its oppressive monarchic proxies collaborating to stifle the Arab Uprisings in order to preserve the doomed status quo.
In a similar manner, it is somewhat irrelevant that salafi and "moderate" Sunni Muslim religious authorities have condemned al-Baghdadi's "caliphate" as invalid and ill-conceived—in part because it presupposes that most of the foreign fighters who are joining ISIS for ideological reasons are devout, well-informed about fiqh and closely following the rulings of jurists, etc. In fact, the opposite seems to be true, and many of those coming from abroad to join the IS are motivated primarily by factors other than religion. Even much of their indigenous support is from people who join for money, or else due to their grievances against the governments in Iraq and/or Syria—not because they buy into the vision of al-Baghdadi and his ilk. Accordingly, the value of "Sunni buy-in," framed religiously, is probably both misstated and overstated.
And not only will the involvement of the Gulf kingdoms strikes be extremely controversial on the ground in Iraq and Syria, but also within the emirates who took part in these raids. Syria and the so-called "Islamic State" remain highly polarizing issues across the region—many will be apprehensive of their governments getting involved, others actually support the aspirations of these mujahedeen and view their own regimes as corrupt.
None of the local democracies in Turkey, Tunisia, or Lebanon are taking part—likely because the issue is so polarizing, and each of these countries face so many domestic problems that they cannot be dragged into a potential quagmire. But for this very reason, the governments who are participating will hardly be embraced by the Arab main street: regardless as to whether or not they are ostensibly "Sunni" they are the very sort of powers that ISIS and those who sympathize with them would want to resist or overthrow.
No Coordination With the Regime
U.S. military officials have stated that the strikes ongoing today are intended to be the most intense portion of the campaign in Syria, with the efforts taking on a look much closer to current operations in Iraq hereafter.
This announcement has puzzled many commentators, who wondered why the Administration would tell the enemy that they plan on scaling back; pundits have been similarly critical of the Administration's decision to broadcast its intention to begin this campaign nearly two weeks before the strikes were launched as it gave the IS plenty of time to relocate critical assets and to integrate themselves more heavily into civilian areas, hoping to drive up collateral damage in the event of a strike—which would likely fuel resentment against the international intervention.
However, the motivation for the explication is fairly obvious: the U.S. was essentially forced to broadcast its intentions because of its policy of not cooperating or coordinating with the Syrian government. The White House has to let the Syrians know what is happening because it does not want them to interfere with the mission for the sake of self-defense, or to overreact to a dramatic campaign in the fear that the coalition is moving for regime-change. So they have to be fairly transparent, as the Syrian government has previously stated that any non-approved strikes would be considered an act of aggression. An easy way, perhaps the only way, to avoid this would be to openly collaborate with the al-Asad regime–but this would come with its own set of complications.
There are conflicting accounts about the level of interaction between the Syrian and American governments prior to the raids. The Americans have denied that they would give any notice or information—however, the SANA News Agency is reporting that the United States did give the regime warning of the impending strikes via its UN envoy.
In any case, so long as the strikes remain confined to the IS held-territories, the Syrians have every incentive to let them proceed unabated, with or without the diplomatic boost they would get for being an overt ally in the "war against ISIS."
But it is an open question as to whether or not the strikes remain contained to ISIS held territories.
A Free-for-All?
If the United States is acting without the consent of the Syrian government, it would be a violation of its national sovereignty, and also, therefore, of international law. But what would be more disturbing, perhaps, is that the United States is encouraging these other regional actors, most of whom have an expressed intention to see the Syrian government overthrown, to also violate Syrian territory with impunity—with at least three of them having taken "kinetic action" (i.e. dropped bombs) during this incursion.
This is following closely after Egypt and the UAE decided to carry out strikes on "militants" in Libya without permission of the Libyan government or the U.N. Security Council—again, following on a U.S. precedent in that country.
While America's frequent and flagrant violation of other nation's sovereignty is disturbing, for the sake of preserving the unipolar order America generally tries to reserve for itself a monopoly on megalomania—especially in tactically-critical regions. That other countries feel increasingly confident to carry out these sorts of actions without meaningful international reprisal may be a troubling precedent.
Having already violated Syrian sovereignty with the blessing of the United States, if the monarchs decide to go further in an attempt to topple the al-Asad government or to opportunistically pursue other self-serving ends, the United States would be in no position to prevent this escalation. In short, it remains to be seen if the coalition remains a disciplined and unified front or if it devolves into a free-for-all—perhaps exploding far beyond the borders of Syria.
Either way, with this action America has also set the stage to expand its own operations in Syria–be it in this Administration or the next.
Musa al-Gharbi
Musa al-Gharbi is a research fellow with the Southwest Initiative for the Study of Middle East Conflicts; he has a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Arizona. You can follow him on Twitter @Musa_alGharbi.
Syria and Iraq: IS Casts a Chilling Shadow
Can the Islamic State's military victories in Sunni regions of Syria and Iraq translate into the creation of the so-called "Islamic Caliphate" it touts?
Richard Sale,


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1 DRV's 2023 Orlando Is a "Mobile Suite" Built for the Finest Living: Shows Off a Flex Room 2 Heartland RV's New 19HB Travel Trailer Brings Adventure to Your Mobile Doorstep and Inside 3 This Rare 1948 Airstream Wee Wind Trailer Is Looking for a New Owner 4 Venture RV Aims to Monopolize the RV Game With the Affordable Sonic Lite Travel Trailers 5 On-Road Living Has a New Name, and It's British: Swift Sprite Campers Bring Cheap Thrills
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Catalina Expedition Trailers Prove You Don't Need a Lot To Go Far and To Do It Comfortably
Cristian Curmei
"The perfect trailer for the most enjoyable off-grid experience!" are some of the first words that smack you in the face whenever you end up checking out the Catalina Expedition travel trailers. Let's see how accurate that statement may be.
Folks, Catalina Expedition is nothing more than a brand where we used to be able to find three different machines that Coachmen RV offered to take on "Adventure Without Limits!" These days, this brand offers just one floorplan, the 192FQS. Precisely why that is has not been specified; maybe it's that good. Time to find out what RV dealerships are offering for around $30K (€28,500 at current exchange rates). If that's not something to celebrate, the following text may help.
According to the manufacturer's website, these travel trailers are designed and built to not only perform while off-grid, but with a bit of attention to the suspension system, chassis, and tires, it also means you can break away from the typical road we're used to. If you see one of those little paths out of the corner of your eye, stop, back up, tack a hard right or left, and off you go.
To ensure you make it to that hidden lake or mountain meadow, the Catalina trailers are built using a structural steel frame upon which a Dexter torsion axle and independent suspension are added. Tie things off with self-adjusting brakes, aluminum wheels and AT tires, and that $30K is starting to sound pretty good. Throw on an insulated shell equipped with a winterization kit, and even the colder months shouldn't be an issue. A 6-gallon (22-liter) gas/electric heater is also standard.
Now, at this point, most travel trailers would be urging me to head inside as the exterior should be covered, not with the Catalina units. Another strong point for these campers is the number of exterior features in place. They're designed to get you out of the house and living outdoors. And so, the 192FQS includes a flip-down cargo rack suitable for 200 pounds (91 kilograms) of gear, an electric awning, an outdoor shower, a sound system, and, yes, solar power as standard. There's a bike carrier too, and an optional kayak rack can be mounted to the slide-out.
After you've made it out to your hidden Garden of Eden, it's time to start unloading all the goodies you have and set up your campsite. With everything in place, one thing to do is sit back, kick up your feet, and hang out by the fire; tomorrow's the day for adventuring. With the sun now setting and batteries fully charged, it's time to retract the awning, put out the fire, and head on inside.
Once you've taken your first steps into the habitat, you may feel like it's missing something. Well, from what I could make out, each unit is rather minimal. However, that's at first sight. As I explored the gallery and floorplan images, I realized that the 192FQS boasts features that campers within this price range do not.
For example, after you've taken your first steps into the unit, to your left, Coachmen adds the fridge, but the rest of the rear wall is reserved for a residential bathroom (separate features). A standing shower is tucked away in the corner while a toilet and vanity sit in wait for you to complete your nightly duties.
If you feel like cooking up a meal before you clean up, a fully loaded galley includes a large countertop to unfurl your knife skills, a two-burner top for cooking those prime cuts, and a sink to clean everything up once finished. Plenty of storage space overhead, and cupboards are found all around.
One thing to note about the unit is that it has no integrated dinette. Nonetheless, the port wall does include a slide-out with a couch on it, and a portable and foldable table is included in your purchase. Throw that up and eat on the sofa, or head outside for dinner under the stars. With bellies full and bodies relaxed, it's time for bed.
At the front of the 192FQS, a large queen bed sits underneath plenty of storage for your clothes and gear, waiting for your weary bones, and if you have guests, transform the sofa into another sleeping space for two people. Heck, throw down a sleeping bag or two, and bring some more folks, maybe a pet or two. Time for bed.
If you're worried about storage at this stage, don't be because not only are those overhead cabinets and ground-level cupboards available but so is a massive pass-through space sitting underneath the queen bed at the front. There's more than enough room for tools, adventure gear, pet food, you name it.
The next morning, you'll be awakened by the sound of birds in trees and sunlight heating up your shell, whisking away dew as the sun rises overhead. You open the starboard door and step outside with a coffee in hand and flip-flops on your feet. At the first touch of fresh grass, your feet leave your sandals, and you step onto lush green pastures and take in the world around you. Sounds like one heck of a way to celebrate this life.
travel trailer RV Camper off-grid off-road american Lifestyle Celebration Month 22

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Józef Roszyński (born August 18, 1962 in Nidzica) is a Polish clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wewak. He was appointed bishop in 2015.

See also
Catholic Church in Oceania

References

Polish Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic bishops of Wewak
Living people
1962 births
People from Nidzica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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La Fondation FondaMental est une fondation de coopération scientifique créée par décret du , dans le domaine des maladies mentales.

L'objectif de la Fondation est de promouvoir une prise en charge personnalisée des troubles psychiques (ou psychiatriques) sévères, en alliant soins et recherche de pointe dans des approches multidisciplinaires. Elle mène aussi des actions de formation scientifique et médicale, et d'information auprès du grand public ainsi que pour éclairer l'action publique.

Organisation
 Le conseil d'administration a pour rôles la politique d'orientation et contrôle la gestion de la fondation. Son président actuel est M. David de Rothschild.
 Le conseil scientifique, composé de scientifiques de renom international, est une instance consultative. Il évalue les activités scientifiques et conseille sur la stratégie scientifique.
 Le comité de direction, organe exécutif, a en charge l'animation de la vie scientifique de la fondation, ainsi que son fonctionnement administratif et financier. La Professeur Marion Leboyer est directrice de la Fondation FondaMental.

La Fondation FondaMental repose sur une centaine d'équipes hospitalières ou laboratoires de recherche reconnus, réunis en un réseau national.

Historique
Le Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche a lancé en 2006 un appel à projets « Réseaux thématiques de recherche et de soins », dont la Fondation Fondamental a fait partie des lauréats.

En 2011, huit centres experts étaient déjà ouverts par la Fondation FondaMental : cette organisation en réseaux spécialisés, qui fonctionnent sur le modèle des hôpitaux de jour, vise à améliorer le diagnostic et le suivi des patients atteints de troubles bipolaires. Ces huit centres (à Créteil, Paris, Versailles, Bordeaux, Nancy, Montpellier, Grenoble et Marseille) représentaient une première étape, l'objectif étant un centre expert par région.  En parallèle, des centres experts sont développés pour la schizophrénie et le syndrome d'Asperger, une forme d'autisme de haut niveau.

En 2017, 43 centres experts FondaMental sont en activité : 12 centres Troubles bipolaires, 10 Schizophrénie, 8 Autisme de haut niveau, 13 dépression résistante. Une étude publiée en 2017 dans la revue Bipolar Disorders, portant sur près d'un millier de patients bipolaires suivis à 12 ou à 24 mois, a montré l'efficacité du dispositif de prise en charge des patients dans le cadre des centres experts FondaMental.

Missions

Recherche
Les recherches menées sur les maladies mentales ont pour but d'améliorer leur dépistage précoce, leur diagnostic et leur traitement. Ces maladies sont non seulement nombreuses, mais aussi hétérogènes et complexes. Or leurs causes et les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués sont encore mal connus ; le diagnostic de chaque maladie mentale reste fondé sur l'observation clinique, car aucun marqueur biologique n'est disponible pour confirmer ces diagnostics.

Les recherches soutenues par la Fondation FondaMental visent à mieux caractériser les troubles psychiques majeurs, notamment en identifiant des mécanismes biologiques impliqués. Les objectifs sont d'identifier des marqueurs biologiques susceptibles d'améliorer les outils de diagnostic ou de mieux prédire les réponses au traitement, et de découvrir de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques.
La Fondation FondaMental réunit en France plus de 70 équipes de recherche, plus de 30 services hospitaliers, et des plateformes technologiques de soutien à la recherche. Elle développe également des collaborations internationales, notamment en Suisse.

Soin
La Fondation FondaMental a créé en France des réseaux de consultations spécialisées et de recherche. Les 43 centres experts FondaMental, hébergés au sein de services hospitaliers, prennent en charge quatre pathologies psychiatriques : la schizophrénie, les troubles bipolaires, la dépression résistante et le syndrome d'Asperger.

Ces centres experts conjuguent expertise médicale de pointe et recherche scientifique, avec l'ambition d'innover au bénéfice des patients, en matière de soins et de traitements, et de favoriser le diagnostic précoce alors que s'écoulent souvent plusieurs années avant le diagnostic correct, notamment pour les troubles bipolaires.

Formation
La Fondation FondaMental organise des conférences et symposiums scientifiques, pour le partage des savoirs les plus récents, ainsi que des actions de formation médicale continue (suivant les recommandations internationales) en direction des professionnels de santé.

Information
La Fondation FondaMental a pour objectif de lutter contre les idées reçues qui entourent les troubles psychiques (ou psychiatriques) majeurs. Briser les préjugés implique d'améliorer les connaissances du grand public, et de faciliter l'accès aux soins, pour en finir avec la stigmatisation trop souvent ressentie par les malades et leurs familles. La Fondation FondaMental co-organise en particulier (avec l'association Argos 2001) la Journée mondiale des troubles bipolaires qui a eu lieu le  depuis 2015.

Pour éclairer et guider l'action publique en matière de santé mentale, la fondation mène une démarche d'information et de sensibilisation des décideurs politiques.

Un livre récemment publié (coédité par la Fondation FondaMental et l'Institut Montaigne) présente l'état des lieux de la psychiatrie en France et se conclut par « 25 propositions pour sortir la psychiatrie de l'état d'urgence ». Ce livre a été précédé d'une étude (réalisée aussi avec l'Institut Montaigne) insistant sur la nécessité d'améliorer la politique de prévention, et de prise en charge, des maladies psychiatriques en France.

Orientation
La Fondation FondaMental suit désormais, comme indiqué aussi sur son site Internet, les pathologies fréquentes et invalidantes suivantes : .

Un débat existe en psychiatrie entre deux approches : d'une part ceux qui, comme à la Fondation FondaMental, mettent l'accent sur la recherche, le diagnostic et la prévention des maladies mentales, en utilisant notamment les ressources biomédicales (biologie moléculaire, génétique, neurosciences) et d'autre part une approche qui met en avant la tolérance aux plus fragiles, les relations entre soignants et soignés, est plus sceptique sur les apports potentiels de la biologie et des neurosciences, et prône une approche globale et humaniste.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Trouble bipolaire
 Syndrome d'Asperger
 Schizophrénie
 Dépression (psychiatrie)

Liens externes
 Site de la Fondation FondaMental
 Site de la Fondation Fondamental Suisse
 revue Santé mentale

Fondation de coopération scientifique
Recherche médicale


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Captain America: Civil War co-stars Chris Evans and Anthony Mackie have been spending so much time together that the duo have their own inside jokes, and one of them put a pause on ET's interview at Disney's D23 Expo.
"I wouldn't have said 'y'all.' I would've been like, 'You guys!'" Evans told Mackie during our interview.
The joke, seemingly apropos of nothing, sent the two action stars into a giggle fit that we'll blame on their long flight from Germany. They had just flown in from filming the Marvel franchise's third film.
"Sorry, that's an inside joke," Mackie explained.
Evans told People that after working together so much, they have an "aggressive inside joke."
"We just make fun of each other," Mackie added.


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'Major incident' Declared as Thousands Visit Beaches in Southern England
By Alex Hudson On 6/25/20 at 11:11 AM EDT
World Beaches Heatwave
A major incident has been announced in Bournemouth on the south coast of England after thousands traveled to the beaches because of hot temperatures.
The number of people on the beach was "like those seen on a bank holiday," council leaders said.
The U.K. is in the middle of a heatwave, with the hottest days of 2020 so far. Temperatures as high as 32.6C (90.68F) yesterday and 33.3°C (91.94F) today were recorded, both at Heathrow Airport.
Bournemouth Council had said that people should have stayed away, with COVID-19 still a significant concern and current lockdown restrictions remaining until easing further July 4.
Roads both in and out of Bournemouth have been unusually busy and, in some cases, gridlocked because of the number of cars on the road.
Reports of illegal parking and significant littering have all been made and cleaning crews have even received "abuse and intimidation" while they tried to work.
"We are absolutely appalled at the scenes witnessed on our beaches, particularly at Bournemouth and Sandbanks, in the last 24 to 48 hours," Council leader Vikki Slade has said.
"The irresponsible behavior and actions of so many people is just shocking and our services are stretched to the absolute hilt trying to keep everyone safe. We have had no choice now but to declare a major incident and initiate an emergency response."
The U.K. is in the middle of a heatwave Getty
There have been a record number of parking fines - 558 - issued and police are "urging people to stay away from the area."
Dorset police said that because of the pandemic, the number of people visiting the area "places a further strain on emergency services resources" and risked a spike in further COVID-19 cases.
"The illegal parking near the beach today was deeply irresponsible and dangerous," local member of parliament Conor Burns tweeted.
"Emergency vehicles would struggle to get through. We need tougher enforcement like clamping. Then look at the beach. Zero social distancing. This isn't over yet folks. It is in all our hands."
This comes after 15 police officers were injured in south west London while trying to break up a street party.
British Home Secretary Priti Patel condemned "utterly vile scenes" as four people were arrested at the unlicensed music event.
Video showing police retreating after being targeted by crowds using the legs of tables to attack police vans.
A statement from the police said: "Police were called to Overton Road, Lambeth on the evening of Wednesday, 24 June to multiple reports of a large unlicensed music event in the street.
"Officers attended to encourage the crowd to leave the location but they did not engage with police.
"The event continued and more officers attended the scene and the group became hostile towards officers."
The Met said a total of 15 officers were injured, "none seriously, although two did require hospital treatment."


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After 30 years, the truth behind Cruyff's World Cup absence
Dutch star reveals kidnap attempt on his family that changed his outlook on life
Graham Keeley in Madrid
Wed 16 Apr 2008 19.02 EDT
For three decades, it has been one of the most enduring mysteries in world football. Why did Johan Cruyff, widely regarded as one of the three greatest players ever, decide that he would not play for Holland in the 1978 World Cup finals in Argentina? The Dutch reached the final - despite being beaten by Scotland in the group stages - but lost 3-1 to the hosts, and many blamed Cruyff's absence for their failure to lift the trophy.
At the time, speculation over the reasons for his decision was rife. It was claimed he had fallen out with the Dutch football association over sponsorship. Or maybe he objected to Argentina's rightwing military junta.
Now 30 years on, Cruyff has finally broken his silence to reveal the real reason for his no-show on football's biggest stage.
The former Ajax and Barcelona player has revealed that he and his family had been the victims of a kidnap attempt a few months before the tournament.
He said several criminals entered his house in Barcelona at night and tied him and his family up at gunpoint.
The experience changed his attitude to life and was part of the reason he decided not to play in the World Cup.
In an interview with Catalunya Radio, Cruyff said: "You should know that I had problems at the end of my career as a player here and I don't know if you know that someone [put] a rifle at my head and tied me up and tied up my wife in front of the children at our flat in Barcelona."
The Dutch superstar managed to escape and the kidnap attempt was foiled. But Cruyff said it changed his outlook on life.
"The children were going to school accompanied by the police. The police slept in our house for three or four months. I was going to matches with a bodyguard," he said.
"All these things change your point of view towards many things. There are moments in life in which there are other values.
"We wanted to stop this and be a little more sensible. It was the moment to leave football and I couldn't play in the World Cup after this."
He was living at the time with his wife, Danny Coster, and their three children in Barcelona when the kidnap attempt happened at the end of 1977.
After he announced that he would not be attending the 1978 World Cup, Cruyff's wife was blamed by some fans for putting him off playing. But in the radio interview, he said he wanted to put a stop to these rumours, which have surfaced again in a recently published book by another former Barca player, Carles Rexach.
The book claimed Cruyff was influenced by his wife and their children in all his decisions.
In Holland, there is still a lingering belief that if Cruyff had played in the 1978 World Cup finals, Holland may have come home with the coveted trophy. They have never come as close since.
Marteen Wijffels, a Dutch football journalist, said: "If he had played we could have won the World Cup. He would have made us stronger. I think people were very disappointed at the time he did not go."
But last night, Archie Gemmill, whose mazy run to score the winning goal for Scotland in their pyrrhic victory over the Dutch at the group stage is the stuff of Scottish folklore, insisted Cruyff's presence would have made little difference in that match at least.
"If he had played, it would not have made a blind bit of difference. Maybe we would have beaten them 7-2 instead of 3-2. We won the game, and that is it."
Cruyff enjoyed a glittering footballing career. He was first selected to play for Ajax at the age of 17 and went on to win three European Cups with the Dutch side.
He was a star at the 1974 World Cup for Holland even though they lost the final to West Germany.
He later played for Barcelona before returning as manager, leading the club to the European Cup in 1992. He was voted European Footballer of the Year, three times during the 1970s.
Graham Hunter, a Barcelona-based football commentator, said: "As a footballer, Cruyff was elegant, visionary and skilled beyond measure. He ranks third among the best footballers ever, after Pele and Maradona."
Cruyff, 60, declined to say if the kidnap attempt was one of the reasons why he decided to leave Barcelona in 1978.
But his spokesman, Joan Patsi, confirmed Cruyff's comments. "Johan had asked police for protection for sometime before this as he had been receiving threats. It is true this happened," he said.
"Another reason he decided not to go to the World Cup was he did not feel he was at his best and you have to be 100%."
In 1981 another Barca star, the Spain forward Quini, was kidnapped and held to ransom until freed by police after a month.
Kidnapping for ransom or political gain has become such a universal agony that it is easy to forget that 30 years ago it was the world's rich nations that suffered most. In the 1970s, the proliferation of leftwing guerrilla groups from the US to Germany, Spain and Italy determined to wage war on wealth, capitalism and the established political order left a trail of victims and instilled fear among the rich and famous that anyone was a target. Patty Hearst, an American newspaper heiress was seized in 1974 by urban guerrillas known as the Symbionese Liberation Army and went on to join her captors. Peter Lorenz, a conservative candidate for mayor of Berlin, was abducted and freed in 1975. Hanns Martin Schleyer a German industrialist, was kidnapped in 1977, held for 43 days while ransom demands were made, and ultimately murdered. The Red Army Faction behind the abduction also counted leading banker Alfred Herrhausen and Karl Heinz Beckurts among its victims. In Italy the communist Red Brigades kidnapped Christian Democrat leader Aldo Moro. He was killed after a 55-day standoff. Spain was less acutely affected, though Eta and a shadowy leftwing group known as Grapo also resorted to abductions for political gain. Sports stars and athletes were rarely targeted, though the hostage taking at the Munich Olympics in 1972, which resulted in the deaths of 11 Israeli athletes, arguably set the chilling standards for the next decade. As the tactics migrated, footballers found themselves vulnerable in South America, as family members fell prey to kidnapping for ransom.
Mark Rice-Oxley


It's unbelievable how excited I am over an installation of a garage sink, but I am!!! I've made my own little sink station in our garage to wash all my paint brushes. No more washing in the bathroom sink!
My hubs did it again! He designed an built a rustic sink base for our new (old) cast iron sink we picked up at a garage sale for $35.00.
From using a hand planer on a 2" x 4" to the finished product. He did a fabulous job. Just what I wanted!
First a simple box for the skirting was built. 11 1/4″ tall x 46″ wide for the front & back. Sides measure 11 1/4″ tall x 21 1/2″ wide. The overall dimensions of the skirt ended up at 46″ x 23″.
Then the 4" x 4" x 4' legs were added.
Then it was time to add a 24″ x 48″ x 3/4″ piece of plywood on top for durability. This gave us a 1″ overhang around the perimeter accept for the back, we placed it flush to fit snug to the wall.
We could have just left it like this but I wanted to add planking on the top for looks.
We used 6″ wide pine boards (actually size is 5 1/2″) and cut a 2″ wide board for the center to make it exactly 24″ wide. Dave screwed the boards in place from underneath.
It was then time for me to take over and do some staining.
I always wear a heavy duty plastic glove (that is WAY to big for me) to protect my fingers. Dark Walnut stain is usually my choice of color.
I didn't have to worry about the center since it was all going to be cut out anyway. Thankfully our plumber offered to do the cutting. Normally, you would lay the sink upside down on your surface to trace around it. Then draw another cut-line 1/4″ inside of the traced line, but I couldn't help my husband lift the sink so we couldn't do it. Cast iron sinks are HEAVY!!! But SO cool.
I'm sure the plumber loved me taking pictures while he worked, but I was just so excited!!! We're almost to the finish line here. My poor laundry room was a mess at this point but he was very careful placing the sheet rock back in place after cutting into the wall to run the piping and his son mopped the floor. We'll be doing something in the future (maybe more shiplap) to repair the laundry room wall. No one will ever know if was cut apart once we're done with it!
And Voila, we have running water!!!
My new favorite place to be!!!
We planked the walls with 8″ pine and then I white washed them. This only took a few minutes. The wall color is a custom grey. I share the color code on my blog. For more photos and supply list, stop on by for a visit.
Price to build was approximately $200 which includes the wood, screws, sink and faucet...not the cost of the professional installation by a licensed plumber. That was an additional $500.00, but SO worth it!
Did you use varnish or what to clear coat over the stain, to protect the wood? We're going to do a wood counter top in our bathroom, too, but don't know how to finish it off for protection.
Could I use this plan to make rustic kitchen table?
Yes they are. Thank you for letting me know I had typo. It's now been corrected! Have a GREAT night!!!
Now I have sink attached to wall..... live in building. Do you think it possible to tweak your idea and create a wrap around base for the rustic look?


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During the 1999–2000 English football season, Walsall F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.

Season summary
In the 1999–2000 season, Walsall were relegated on the final day despite derby wins over local rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers, Birmingham City and West Bromwich Albion earlier in the campaign.

Final league table

Results
Walsall's score comes first

Legend

Football League First Division

FA Cup

League Cup

Squad

Left club during season

References

 Walsall squad for 1999–2000 season

Walsall F.C. seasons
Walsall F.C.


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"The Spirituality of St. Vincent de Paul"
November 4,5,6, 2018. 6:30-8:00pm.
This three-night parish mission is sponsored by the Catholic Parishes in Waterloo and hosted by Blessed Sacrament Parish. Each evening will include a message delivered by Fr. Bill Rhinehart, a Vincentian priest from St. Louis, followed by refreshments and fellowhip.
The mission is free and open to the public. A freewill offering will be taken.
Nightly Themes
Sunday, November 4. I Could Have Done More.
Monday, November 5. Merciful Like the Father.
Tuesday, November 6. Perseverance in Prayer and Service.
This program is appropriate for adults and young adults at thresholds 2-6 in faith development.
> Click here to learn more about the thresholds of faith formation.
Adults and young adults who participate in the mission will:
• Learn more about the spirituality of St. Vincent de Paul.
• Learn how to incorporate the charisms of St. Vincent de Paul in their own lives.
• Learn how the charisms of St. Vincent de Paul are incorporated into the work of the St. Vincent
de Paul Society.
More About Vincentian Spirituality
St. Vincent de Paul was a 17th century French priest who developed an untiring commitment to serving the poor. Following a personal conversion in 1617, St. Vincent became increasingly aware of the pervasiveness of material and spiritual poverty in his day. He responded with bold initiatives to address the causes of that poverty.
St. Vincent took literally the passage in St. Matthew's Gospel where Jesus says, "Whatever you did for the least of these you did for me." For him, Christ's presence in the poor was so real that the poor become our masters and we their servants. They also become our evangelizers. "The poor have much to teach you," St. Vincent said. "You have much to learn from them."
• In a world which craves material possessions and wealth, the poor challenge us to live a simple life.
• In a world which values success and accomplishment, the poor challenge us us to be humble.
• In a world which pays attention to those who are loud and brash, the poor challenge us to be
meek.
• In a world where it's every-person-for-themselves, the poor challenge us to sacrifice for the good
of others.
• In a world where no one wants to wait for anything, the poor challenge us to be patient, and not to
get discouraged, because it takes time and zeal to do God's work.
Vincentian spirituality is rooted in an awareness of, and relationship to, the poor. This relationship to the spiritually and materially needy shapes our lives and our priorities. It is expressed through works of justice and mercy, through words of forgiveness and acceptance, and through the witness of community.
The Society of St Vincent de Paul was founded in 1833 by Blessed Frederic Ozanam, a 20-year-old Frenchman who later became a lawyer, author and professor. The organization was inspired by the life and work of St. Vincent de Paul and was dedicated to helping the poor living in the slums of Paris. The organization gradually expanded to other parts of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Today there are local organizations or "conferences" in over 140 countries around the world. Local conferences provide material assistance and spiritual support to those in need. They raise money from donations and from thrift stores which sell donated goods at very low prices to the poor. The first conference of the Society in the United States was created in 1845 in St. Louis, Missouri, which remains the national headquarters of the Society in the U.S.
Fr. William Rhinehart CM was born in a small Missouri town where he grew up with ten brothers and sisters. He joined the Congregation of the Mission of Saint Vincent DePaul (the Vincentians) as a high school seminarian and was ordained to the priesthood in 1979. Fr. Rhinehart spent his first seven and a half years as a priest in Taiwan, then returned to the United States and served in parishes and missions of the Pueblo and Colorado Springs dioceses for 20 years. He returned to Missouri in 2007 and served as pastor in two rural parishes for seven years. He remains connected to parish ministry now through his work in the Vincentian Parish Mission Apostolate.


Staten Island is at it again. This time they are targeting mice as a means of mitigating the tick problem – instead of targeting deer.
Recall that Staten Island contracted with Cornell University to undertake a deer vasectomy program that is believed to stop or reduce the breeding and production of deer by making sure some of the male deer are unable to mate with a female deer in heat. There's a couple of problems with this dog and pony show. One problem is that one buck, that has not been snipped and clipped, will probably die trying to breed all the female deer that come into heat. The second problem is that when a doe deer goes into estrus (heat) she will remain that way until bred. Somewhere alone the lines in the misguided, perverse society we are subjected to, I read something about deer reproductive rights.
Now, some say due to an overblown deer population on the island, the threat of disease from ticks is growing as well. But this time, instead of going after the deer to curb the diseases, New York will spend a gob of money each year for 3 years to go after mice – the real culprits that spread the deer tick responsible for Lyme disease.
Deer meat tastes far better than mouse meat. Because we live in a post normal world, where everything is upside-down, our sick culture cannot see the benefits of killing the deer to eat, which in turn would help to mitigate the tick problem AND at the same time, seriously reduce the number of nasty, disease-carrying mice. Better health, better food.
Earlier I wrote about Maine's plan to subcontract out a portion of their black bear management plan. In that article I made the comment: "…why is the MDIFW willing to compromise their track record for their work over the years with black bears? I can only see one or two scenarios playing out here. One, if MDIFW doesn't have the tools to do the job, maybe it's time to ask why we have a Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife? Why not privatize the whole mess of departments? Have social demands gotten so big (because MDIFW decided to make management decisions based on social demands rather than science.) real science is replaced by socialistic Romance Biology?
And then it donned on me. Recently the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) took a similar tactic when they wasted (in my opinion) money hiring a scientismistic private entity to conduct a "survey" to help MDIFW decide how they should do their jobs. It has always puzzled me that MDIFW refuses to open their ears and communicate with the boots-on-the-ground outdoors people but are eager and willing to hire some environmentalist-trained, biased company to tell them how to manage wildlife and outdoor recreation when said company knows squat about Maine or the people in it.
We have seen results of this corrupt environmentalist, Human Interaction, "survey" in the recent big game management plans. I think MDIFW seeking "outside" assistance is just another nail in the coffin to go along with the fraudulent management plans that apparently the department is incapable of crafting or too scared to do without laying the blame and responsibility on the results of the survey, i.e. some outside private business for profit entity.
When you combine the actions of MDIFW leadership over the past 2 or 3 years, I am left with no other explanation as to why Maine, once thought of as the leader in wildlife management, also once a leader in big game hunting and world class fishing, is so eager to do a double-flush of the toilet making sure all that was once good is now gone.
When nothing changes with the bear management plans and reaching the goals crafted in the new plan is a failure, MDIFW can conveniently blame whoever or whatever it is that told them what they ought to do.
MDIFW has had multiple recommendations pushed in front of them concerning bear management. It's laughable that MDIFW will buckle and cave to the demands of environmentalists and guides, refusing to do anything constructive to reduce the bear population out of fear of reprisals from guides, environmentalists, and animal rights groups, while shutting their ears and eyes to the real sportsmen. And then, we see this act of seeking an outside opinion. You can't make this stuff up.
Because MDIFW refuses to do what's right, they are slaves to guides, outfitters and the environmental movement. The result, they claim, is they can't find (wink-wink) a solution to the supposed bear problem.
What will we hear next? MDIFW has decided to award their bear management subcontract to a subsidiary of the Humane Society of the United States based in China?


text:
Kosberg es un pequeño cráter de impacto lunar, situado cerca del centro de la enorme planicie amurallada del cráter Gagarin. También se encuentra justo al oeste de Gagarin G, un cráter de tamaño similar con forma de cuenco, pero más profundo y prominente. Pertenece a la cara oculta de la Luna y por lo tanto no se puede ver directamente desde la Tierra.

Se trata de un cráter de fondo plano, con un borde exterior circular, paredes interiores inclinadas simples y un suelo interior algo accidentado. El cráter cercano Balandin (al noreste y dentro de Gagarin) también tiene un suelo ligeramente accidentado.

Véase también
 Anexo:Cráteres de la Luna
 Selenografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Referencia UAI del CRÁTER
LPI Digital Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon
Mapa LROC
The-moon.wikispaces.com: Kosberg


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A new Javelin track that's like a spaced-out New York city brand of reggaetón — but not nearly as annoying as music in that subgenre can often be.
The sound uses sounds sampled from around the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, and I guess it's for a PureVolume-related music series brought to you strangely by ASUS — a computer hardware company — and Intel. Everyone's trying to get a bit of the musical pie.
See videos of Javelin recording the track on PureVolume.
I… think? They were probably happier to make this than they look like they are? Hopefully…?


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Aspac Developments Announces New Sponsorship for Richmond Olympic Experience
Aspac Developments Ltd. has announced its Elite Level Sponsorship of the Richmond Olympic Experience (the 'ROX') at the Richmond Olympic Oval. Aspac continues to show its ongoing support for sport […]
Patrick Chan Visits 2 River Green Presentation Centre
Patrick Chan is again inspired by the newest Aspac Developments' project. Last year, the two-time Olympic Silver medal-winning figure skater visited the six completed 1 River Green towers, describing his […]
River Green and Olympic Heroes Raise Funds for KidSport Canada at Winterfest
On February 13, 2011, two speed skating medalists from the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games – Denny Morrison (Gold Team Pursuit) and Kristina Groves (Silver 1500m and Bronze 3000m) return […]
Aspac Developments Partners with Richmond Olympic Oval Community Legacy Program
On February 11, 2011, the eve of the one year anniversary marking the opening of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the Richmond Olympic Oval Community Legacy Program announced a […]
Aspac Developments – Proud Sponsor of Richmond Newcomers' Guide
Richmond, BC – With a vibrant multicultural community hailing from all corners of the world, Mayor Malcolm Brodie proudly launched the first edition of the Richmond Newcomers' Guide at City […]
Speed Skating Canada Community Tour Continues its Journey Around Richmond Communities
The Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics are less than eight months away! To further garner support and promote the sport of long track speed skating, which will be held at the […]
SSC Community Tour Launches with a Splash – No, a Cling-Clank Rather
With the cracking of the 4-ft. ice sculpture, it marks the official launch of the Speed Skating Canada Community Tour from now till February 2010. The display will go into […]
Speed Skating Canada Community Tour Makes its Debut
As part of the effort to reach out to the community and create awareness of speed skating (both long and short track), Speed Skating Canada Community Tour is launched today […]
Aspac Sponsors Speed Skating Community Tours
Speed skating is a sport that requires speed, skill, competitiveness and ultimately, the pursuit of excellence. And with the completion of the Richmond Olympic Oval, a world-class speed-skating facility, Canada's […]
A Friendship Tree of Hope
At a reception in June 2008 a noteworthy Metasequoia sapling was presented by Mr. Rey Chiu to Aspac Developments at the British Columbia Canada Pavilion in Beijing. The Metasequoia is […]


text:
Walden in Winter
February 28, 2013 darianworden	2 Comments
On July 4, 1845, Henry David Thoreau moved into a cabin he had built in the woods near Walden Pond. He was not seeking the life of a hermit, but wanted a quiet place to write, study nature, and experiment with simple living.
Since his youth, Thoreau avidly explored nature and excelled academically. Upon his graduation from Harvard in 1837, he began meeting with Transcendentalist philosophers in Concord, Massachusetts, and became friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson. Thoreau's first published work would appear in Emerson's journal The Dial.
Thoreau soon got permission to use part of the Emerson family's land to gain a deeper understanding of nature. He bought scrapwood and secondhand windows, cut pines with a borrowed ax, and built himself a cabin. He also planted two and a half acres with vegetables, mostly beans. His house was on a gently sloped hill, and its location is now outlined by stone markers.
This was not an experiment in primitive living, but an experiment in simple living that Thoreau hoped could be applied more broadly in society.
A replica of Thoreau's cabin stands near the parking lot of Walden Pond State Reservation.
Thoreau made the walls of his cabin from the outer layers of pine logs, so the surface would have been a bit rougher than the replica's.
In Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Thoreau noted that he lived about a mile and a half south of Concord, and a mile from any neighbor. This was no mean distance for a proud saunterer like Thoreau, who said that "every day or two I strolled to the village." Thoreau also had many visitors at his cabin, including fugitive slaves he helped guide north.
Not many people visited the cabin in the winter, but Thoreau still walked to town to socialize and conduct his business before walking back through the snow to his cabin. On lonely winter days he sometimes visited the grounds of ruined homesteads nearby and thought of their former inhabitants.
Thoreau's cabin stood not far from the pond.
He described his winter morning work as taking an axe and pail to get water.
Standing on the snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet parlor of the fishes…
Thoreau was living on the fringes of civilized life, where culture met the wild. He was close enough to participate in Concord life and visit his family there, but far enough away that many people considered his situation odd. This is exactly where he wanted to be.
Thoreau hoped that the lessons he learned at Walden could be applied by other interested people. Discovering the essential facts of life would help determine how much time and work were really needed to obtain necessities and how much could be spent at leisure and study. It would also give Thoreau a deeper understanding of his relation with the rest of nature. Thoreau was a firm believer in the need for wildness as a tonic to restore and strengthen the civilized.
Our village life would stagnate if it were not for the unexplored forests and meadows which surround it. We need the tonic of wildness…
The railroad was one product of modernity that clamored through the wild at Walden. Thoreau often walked by the tracks, and he seems unsure of whether to be awed or annoyed at the power of the train. Either way he could not ignore it, as the tracks that pass by the banks of the pond across from Thoreau's Cove were operational in his day.
Thoreau reflected on heat as a basic necessity of life, something common to all humanity. The need for wood to warm and to cook was universal. Food for fire was as valuable to Thoreau's contemporaries as it was to their ancient ancestors.
In Walden, Thoreau describes nature as satisfying a need for infinite discovery:
At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be infinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature. We must be refreshed by the sight of inexhaustible vigor…
We need to witness our own limits transgressed, and some life pasturing freely where we never wander.
Thoreau did his best to explore and fathom the wild. He traveled around New England, observing and recording nature. His knack for measurement served him well in his work as a surveyor assessing property lines.
When Walden froze, Thoreau took the opportunity to measure the pond's depth by cutting through the ice and dropping down a sounding line. He noted that "There have been many stories told about the bottom, or rather no bottom, of this pond, which certainly had no foundation for themselves." The mystery of Walden was further compounded by the absence of streams feeding it, as it is a glacial lake filled by runoff. Thoreau's 1846 survey of the pond is accurate to a close degree.
The ice also served Thoreau as a clear area to walk when Concord was covered in deep snow. Walden Pond became his yard. It was also a draw for icemen, who gathered the thick ice to keep food cool in the days before electric appliances.
Today, walking on the ice is a welcome experience to those who rarely get to stand in the middle of a frozen lake.
The ice varies in thickness, and cracks run through it.
On September 6, 1847, Thoreau left his cabin at Walden and went back to living in Concord. He became "a sojourner in civilized life again" after two years and two months in the woods.
I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one.
Thoreau went on living his life and continued to deliver lectures on some of the day's most pressing questions, including how to confront a government that upheld slavery and how to keep the right amount of wildness in a developing society. His time at Walden undoubtedly refreshed his writing. In 1849 he penned what would become one of the most influential American essays, "Civil Disobedience." Originally entitled "Resistance to Civil Government," the essay was largely inspired by Thoreau's one-day imprisonment for refusing to pay a poll tax, which happened while he was walking to town from Walden. Thoreau also continued to study nature until his death from tuberculosis in 1862.
Walking around Walden, especially when the beach crowds are absent, gives us a chance to reflect on our connections with the rest of nature, and to consider the words Henry David Thoreau left us.
Rise free from care before the dawn and seek adventures. Let the noon find thee by other lakes, and the night overtake thee every where at home.
Thoreau, Henry David. Walden. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 2003.
Strolled to village, 154; Winter walks, 232, 240, 246; Gathering water, 256; Tonic of Wildness, 285; Wood, 227; Unfathomable, 286; Measuring pond, 259; Sojourner quote, 7; I left the woods, 291; Seek adventures, 188.
Baym, Nina. "Thoreau's View of Science." Thoreau Reader, EServer web publishing project, Iowa State University, 2009.
http://thoreau.eserver.org/science.html
Goodman, Russell, "Transcendentalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2011/entries/transcendentalism/.
Hoag, Ronald Wesley. "Walden, The Place." Thoreau Reader.
http://thoreau.eserver.org/waldenplace.html
"Replica of Thoreau's cabin at the Walden parking lot." Thoreau Reader.
http://thoreau.eserver.org/cabin.html
Schneider, Richard J. "Thoreau's Life." The Thoreau Society, 2006.
http://www.thoreausociety.org/_news_abouthdt.htm
"Thoreau's 1846 survey of Walden Pond." The Thoreau Reader.
http://thoreau.eserver.org/survey.html
Thoreau, Henry David. "Civil Disobedience," Ed. Richard Lenat. Thoreau Reader.
http://thoreau.eserver.org/civil.html
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2 thoughts on "Walden in Winter"
It is refreshing to find the example that Thoreau set long ago has found a breakthrough way to make an impression upon our too often technocratic society. How often does highlighting the experience of wildness resonate with technology? Hardly at all, and not often enough, to sustain the sanity of our human existence. Thank you.
Thank you. Modern technology sometimes makes it easier to experience nature, at least in locating and traveling to different locations, but a conscious effort is needed to balance modern and primitive, as Thoreau counseled.


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The Federal Court of Appeal will release its decision on the latest Trans Mountain pipeline expansion challenge, in a Feb. 4, 2020 story. (Photo by THE CANADIAN PRESS)
Federal appeals court dismisses application challenging Trans Mountain pipeline approval
This challenge was against the second approval
Feb. 4, 2020 10:08 a.m.
The Federal Court of Appeal has dismissed the legal challenge to Ottawa's decision to approve the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion a second time.
In a unanimous, 3-0 decision, the court dismissed four challenges to the approval filed last summer by First Nations in British Columbia, saying in the 95-page decision that "we conclude that there is no basis for interfering" with the decision.
The decision paves the way for construction to continue on the project, though the First Nations have 60 days to appeal to the Supreme Court.
Cabinet originally approved the project, to twin the existing pipeline, in November 2016. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said at the time it was in Canada's national interest to build the project, which will provide oilsands producers more room to get their products to market.
That approval was overturned by the Federal Court of Appeal in August 2018, citing an insufficient consultation process with Indigenous communities and a failure to properly take into account the potential impact on marine life from additional oil tankers off the B.C. coast. Ottawa then launched another round of consultations with Indigenous communities and asked the National Energy Board to look at marine life.
In June 2019, cabinet issued its second approval for the project. Following that, the Coldwater Indian Band, Squamish Nation, Tsleil-Waututh and a group of small First Nations in the Fraser Valley asked the court to review the decision a second time. In a December hearing, their lawyers argued the government went into the new consultations having predetermined the outcome.
In their 95-page decision, the judges said that was not true.
"Contrary to the what the applicants assert, this was anything but a rubber-stamping exercise," the decision says. "The end result was not a ratification of the earlier approval, but an approval with amended conditions flowing directly from the renewed consultations."
The judges say the government made a genuine effort, listened to and considered concerns raised by First Nations, and sometimes agreed to accommodate those concerns, "all very much consistent with the concepts of reconciliation and the honour of the Crown."
They also say while it is true not all the concerns raised were accommodated, "to insist on that happening is to impose a standard of perfect," that is not required by law.
The decision says the second round of consultations did not need to start from the beginning but rather address only some specific concerns raised by the court in its 2018 decision. Today's decision says the consultations the government held were sufficient to make their decision to approve the project reasonable.
The expansion project would triple the capacity of the existing pipeline between Edmonton and a shipping terminal in Burnaby, B.C., with the new pipeline carrying mainly diluted bitumen for export.
It has become a political football for Trudeau as he insists Canada can continue to expand oil production and still meet its commitments to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
Trudeau's government stepped up to buy the existing pipeline in 2018 after political opposition to the project from the B.C. government caused Kinder Morgan Canada to pull out from building the expansion. The government intends to finish the expansion and then sell both the existing pipeline and the expansion back to the private sector.
It has been in talks with some Indigenous communities about the sale but Finance Minister Bill Morneau has said the project won't be sold until all the risks about proceeding are eliminated. Those risks include this court case.
READ MORE: Trans Mountain begins laying Alberta pipeline for expansion
READ MORE: Landowner hearings begin for Trans Mountain expansion
READ MORE: Federal Court of Appeal to release ruling on B.C. First Nations' pipeline challenge
Island First Nations Tribe assumes ownership of iconic 49th Parallel General Store in Chemainus
Woman stuck in elevator at Island hotel for an hour during power outage


In the world of football games there is Madden and there is everything else. While Sega's latest NFL2K game, ESPN NFL, doesn't disprove that adage it certainly tries, and in many ways, nearly succeeds.
This latest Sega football game builds on the strong and agile controls of the 2K series but manages to enhance some of the gameplay balance issues that plagued last year's version and throws in a couple of neat new features to boot.
You can, pardon the pun, tackle ESPN in several different gameplay modes from quick pick-up games to practice, season, franchise, season, tournament or even multiplay.
One of the interesting aspects of this latest Sega football game is that it allows you to play the game in a first-person perspective, an equally daunting and thrilling mode that is handled surprisingly well. Basically you are looking out of the helmet from kick-off to touchdown. Besides the graphics change and some minor control differences the major change for first person is a threat indicator that flashes arrows to show you where potential tackles are coming from. Without the indicator first-person would be over in a painful second. The mode also allows for slow downs to help figure out where to pass and the like. Although first-person sounds gimmicky, Sega's skillful handling of the mode makes it a genuine addition to the game.
On the opposite end of the spectrum is the franchise, which has you playing multiple seasons as you try to build a better team. In this mode, you'll have to do everything from scouting and signing new players to checking out the competition.
The game's other major new edition is The Crib, a much ballyhooed, but truly gimmicky virtual apartment that does little to add to the game. Basically, The Crib is a new way to package all of the add-ons and unlockables into one room. The Crib is basically a player's home where you can check out top scores, play trivia or listen to music. You can also redecorate the place with unlockables' that's right' this game allows you to be a pro linebacker and a interior designer. Think of it as Feng Shui meets Hail Mary. Yes, it's as bad as all that.
Gimmicks aside, ESPN NFL is a superb football game. The graphics and level of realism are just unbelievable, although the Xbox version is a hair better and framerates seem a tad smoother. In general though, both versions of the game features gameplay that is smooth, natural looking and just plain out fun. Passing has been tweaked to include something called Maximum Passing, which allows you to have more control over where exactly the ball is thrown, not just to whom. Online play is just about lagless, allowing up to four players to duke it out on the gridiron.
All said, ESPN NFL Football proves that there are still plenty of contenders for the title of 'best'? football game. Look out Madden, someone might be landing a dive tackle next year.


Electrical Bosch P/N 0332 015 012 Lambda Relay Equivalent?
[Electrical] Bosch P/N 0332 015 012 Lambda Relay Equivalent?
Thread: Bosch P/N 0332 015 012 Lambda Relay Equivalent?
Anyone know what the Bosch P/N 0332 015 012 Lambda Relay equivalent is? I have what is probably an original relay and would like to replace it. Surely there is a more modern relay made, Bosch or other brand. Need brand and part number.
If you just pull the center pin, cut off the pin and splice to green/yellow wire on that socket, you can use a standard relay.
It will run a lot cooler also.
You might think so, but not necessarily. Common 12v relays are of the SPDT type.
The not so common Lambda relay is a DPST type with 87a/87b are internally connected.


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Heinz Eckhoff (* 1925 in Apensen) ist ein deutscher Politiker (CDU), Landwirt und Unternehmer. 1972 bis 1976 war er Bürgermeister von Apensen. Im Jahr 2000 erhielt er das Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande.

Leben

Heinz Eckhoff wurde 1925 in Apensen geboren. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs war Eckhoff ab 1943 Mitglied der Waffen-SS. Nach dem Krieg arbeitete er als Landwirt und Kartoffelgroßhändler. 1968 kandidierte er erfolgreich auf der Liste der NPD für den Kreistag von Stade. 1970 trat er der CDU bei. Nach Angaben der CDU war Eckhoff nie NPD-Mitglied, sondern habe nur auf der Liste der Partei kandidiert, um als zweiter Apenser neben dem als gesetzt geltenden CDU-Kandidaten in den Kreistag von Stade einziehen zu können. Von 1972 bis 1976 war er Bürgermeister von Apensen. Eckhoff war zudem Vorsitzender des Kreiswegeausschusses. Es gilt als sein Verdienst, dass Apensen mit Radwegen ausgestattet wurde. Zudem engagierte er sich in der Städtepartnerschaft seiner Gemeinde Apensen mit dem bretonischen Ploemel.

Für seine Verdienste als Bürgermeister der Gemeinde sowie der Samtgemeinde Apensen, seine Tätigkeit im Vorstand (auch als Vorsitzender) der Volksbank Geest und für diverse weitere Engagements in Vereinen und Verbänden wurde Eckhoff 2000 im Alter von 77 Jahren mit dem Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ausgezeichnet.

Kontroverse um die Verleihung des Bundesverdienstkreuzes

Die Verleihung des Bundesverdienstkreuzes an Eckhoff sorgte aufgrund dessen früherer Mitgliedschaft in der Waffen-SS für Aufsehen. Der Eckhoff auszeichnende parteilose Landrat Günther Armonat äußerte während der Verleihung, dass "alle, die Heinz Eckhoff kennen, wissen, dass er sich auf das Entschiedenste von Hass, Gewalt und Rassismus distanziert". Man müsse einem Menschen die Möglichkeit zubilligen, dass er seine Ansichten ändere.

Das Bundespräsidialamt teilte mit, Eckhoff sei über die kommunalen Stellen im Lande Niedersachsen vorgeschlagen worden. Sein Lebenslauf sei dem Bundespräsidialamt nicht vollständig mitgeteilt worden. Eine Sprecherin des Bundespräsidenten sagte, Johannes Rau habe den Fall zum Anlass genommen, nochmals an die Länder zu appellieren, "größtmögliche Sorgfalt bei den Ordensvorschlägen an den Tag zu legen". Im konkreten Fall habe das Bundesland Niedersachsen den Vorschlag zur Verleihung gemacht. Das Bundespräsidialamt konnte die Verleihung nach eigenen Angaben nicht mehr rückgängig machen.

Der Direktor des Jüdischen Weltkongresses (WJC) Elan Steinberg bezeichnete die Ordensverleihung an Eckhoff als "Schandfleck für Deutschland". Er wies darauf hin, dass die Waffen-SS im Jahr 1945 als kriminelle Organisation eingestuft wurde.

Irmela Mensah-Schramm, die 1996 eine Bundesverdienstmedaille für ihr Engagement gegen Rassismus erhalten hatte, gab ihre Auszeichnung zurück, als sie erfuhr, dass Heinz Eckhoff ebenfalls mit dem Bundesverdienstkreuz geehrt wurde.

Einzelnachweise

Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Person (Landkreis Stade)
CDU-Mitglied
Angehöriger der Waffen-SS
Unternehmer (Niedersachsen)
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Landwirt (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1925
Mann


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Are Sleep Questionnaires Valid in All Adult Age Groups as Screening Tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Ho Min Lee, Jae Ki Kim, Jung Gwon Nam, Tae-Hoon Lee
DOI : https://doi.org/10.18787/jr.2018.00278
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J Rhinol > Volume 27(2); 2020
Lee, Kim, Nam, and Lee: Are Sleep Questionnaires Valid in All Adult Age Groups as Screening Tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Journal of Rhinology 2020;27(2):90-94.
Published online: March 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18787/jr.2018.00278
Ho Min Lee, MD, Jae Ki Kim, MD, Jung Gwon Nam, MD, PhD, Tae-Hoon Lee, MD, PhD
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
Address for correspondence: Tae-Hoon Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan 44033, Korea
Tel: +82-52-250-7180, Fax: +82-52-234-7182, E-mail: thlee@uuh.ulsan.kr
Received December 11, 2018 Revised May 16, 2019 Accepted June 3, 2019
Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Rhinologic Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire validities for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening among various adult age groups.
Materials and Method
Results for each of those questionnaires were compared with diagnostic overnight polysomnography (PSG) data obtained for 396 patients suffering either insomnia, sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, or chronic snoring who had been divided into three age groups (20-39, 40-59, or ≥60 years). For each questionnaire, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.
Among the OSA group [apnea hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff >5], Berlin and STOP questionnaire sensitivity and specificity were significantly different among the age groups. Among the moderate-to-severe OSA sub-group (AHI cutoff >15), the specificity of Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire was significantly different among age groups.
The Berlin and STOP questionnaires differed with patient age in OSA screening. The ESS questionnaire, by contrast, did not show any age-related differences of sensitivity and specificity in OSA screening or moderate-to-severe OSA screening.
KEY WORDS: Obstructive sleep apneaㆍOSAㆍScreeningㆍQuestionnaireㆍAge
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), occurring in 26% of people aged 30-70 years, manifests as repetitive apnea and hypopnea episodes related to sleep-time upper-airway obstruction [1]. OSA causes sleep fragmentation, is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and decreased concentration, and has been linked to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, and neurocognitive impairment [2-4].
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaires have been developed as OSA-screening-tool alternatives to the expensive and time-consuming polysomnography (PSG) test. There have already been several reports published on the sensitivity and specificity of these screening tests [5-8].
For most sleep questionnaires, respondent age can be problematic. Hypertension, which longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have definitively shown to be strongly dose-response-related to OSA severity, is included in most of the current questionnaires [9,10]. The problem that arises is that hypertension is significantly correlated not only with OSA severity but also with older age. Therefore many relatively young OSA patients, even those with severe OSA, do not have hypertension, which can lead to false negatives (i.e., OSA sufferers deemed "no OSA"). Also, age usually is related to both social activity and physical strength, both of which can affect the answers to questions on sleep-de-privation-caused daytime fatigue. However, age is not adjusted for in the STOP or Berlin questionnaires or indeed in several others. On this basis, we hypothesized that the reliability of sleep questionnaires could differ according to patient age. In our study, we evaluated the ESS, Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire validities as OSA-screening tests for various adult age groups.
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who referred to a sleep clinic with symptoms such as insomnia, snoring, sleep apnea or excessive daytime sleepiness between April 2012 and May 2016. A total of 396 patients aged 20 years or over were enrolled in this study. After categorizing the patients into three groups according to age (20-39, 40-59, or ≥60 years), patient data, including age, sex, height, weight, history of hypertension and overall medical history, were collected. The ESS, Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaires, which had been translated into Korean and certified, and the diagnostic overnight PSG results were also collected. Those for whom the total sleep time was under 180 min in the PSG were excluded. The relevant Institutional Review Board approved this study.
The epworth sleepiness scale
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a self-reported questionnaire developed by Dr. Murray Johns for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness as well as daytime sleep propensity [5]. It consists of eight items, being daily routines for which respondents assess their propensity to fall asleep on a scale from 0 to 3. Those scoring 11 or over are deemed to be at high risk of hypersomnia.
The berlin questionnaire
The Berlin questionnaire is a widely used OSA-assessment tool that includes 11 questions broken down into three categories (snoring, daytime sleepiness, hypertension). For category 1 (snoring), "high risk" is persistent symptoms (>3-4 times/week) in at least two questions. For category 2 (daytime sleepiness), "high risk" is persistent symptoms (>3-4 times/week) concerning either daytime sleepiness generally, drowsiness during driving specifically, or both. For category 3 (hypertension), "high risk" is marked by either a body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2 or a history of high blood pressure. A patient whose scores indiindicate positivity for high risk in at least two categories is classified as high risk for OSA [6].
The STOP questionnaire
The OSA-screening STOP questionnaire was designed to reduce some of the risk associated with general anesthesia. It defines high risk as positivity for two or more of the following: high blood pressure, tiredness during the day, snoring, and observed apnea [7].
The STOP-bang questionnaire
The STOP-Bang questionnaire employs the STOP questionnaire to evaluate subjects for the following risk factors: age >50 years, BMI >35 kg/m2, neck circumference >40 cm, and male sex. High risk status is indicated by affirmative answers to three or more of the eight questions (items) included in the questionnaire [7].
The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) values for all of the questionnaires for each age group were analyzed according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The significances of the interage-group differences were evaluated by chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The patients were each assigned to one of three groups based on age: 20-39 (young adult), 40-59 (middle-aged), and 60 and over (elderly). Table 1 summarizes the patients' characteristics. The 396-patient cohort comprised 332 males and 64 females of 47 years mean age. Gender significantly differed among the three age groups (p=0.002). Hypertension, identified in 100 patients (25.3%) also showed significant differences by age group (p=0.000). The OSA group (AHI >5) included 313 patients (79.0%), and the normal (control) group, 83 patients (21.0%). There were significant OSA-distribution differences among the age groups (p= 0.022). Within the OSA group, the moderate-to-severe OSA sub-group (AHI >15) included 137 patients (34.6%), and the severe OSA sub-group (AHI >30), 64 patients (16.2%). There were also significant differences in these two groups' respective distributions among the age groups (p=0.000) (Table 1).
For the OSA group (AHI >5), sensitivity and accuracy were highest for the STOP-Bang questionnaire, specificity for the ESS, and AUC for the Berlin questionnaire. The specificity and specificity of the Berlin and the STOP questionnaire significantly differed by age. As for the Berlin questionnaire's AUC, the confidence interval did not include 0.5 for the young-adult or middle-aged group. However, it did not include 0.5 only for the young-adult in the STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaire's AUC (Table 2).
Meanwhile, about the moderate-to-severe OSA sub-group (AHI >15), the STOP-Bang questionnaire showed the highest sensitivity, the ESS the highest specificity and accuracy, and the Berlin questionnaire the highest AUC. By age group, the Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire's specificity significantly differed. As for the Berlin and STOP-Bang questionnaires' AUC, the confidence interval did not include 0.5 for the young-adult or middle-aged group (Table 3).
A comprehensive approach including physical examination, thorough history-taking, and overnight PSG is required for accurate diagnosis of OSA. Complaints of daytime sleepiness, fatigue and snoring should be considered suspicious of OSA. Additionally, the presence of any underlying disease, not to mention apnea-related information from a family member of a person living with the patient, also should be considered [11]. However, history-taking and physical examination are insufficient for distinguishing primary snoring from sleep apnea. Thus, supplementary overnight PSG, the current standard, is considered necessary for definitive OSA [12].
Because nearly 80% of men and approximately 93% of women with moderate-to-severe sleep apnea go undiagnosed, necessary screening tests must be further developed and improved to increase diagnosis rates [13]. Indeed, several studies focusing on the various questionnaires and the clinical OSA-associated factors have done just this [5-8].
The Berlin questionnaire has been widely employed since its introduction at the 1996 Conference on Sleep in Primary Care in Berlin, Germany. It is used to investigate excessive daytime sleepiness, the presence of fatigue and hypertension, snoring, and sleep apnea. One OSA-diagnostics study reported sensitivities ranging between 54 and 86%, specificities between 43 and 87%, and a PPV of 89% [6]. The OSA-screening STOP questionnaire was designed to reduce some of the risk associated with general anesthesia. Significantly, this tool's sensitivity has been found to improve with higher AHI: with an AHI ≥5, the sensitivity was 65.6%, with an AHI of 15, 74.3%, and with an AHI of 30, 79.5% [7]. The STOP-Bang questionnaire has been demonstrated to offer higher sensitivity and NPV, especially for moderate-to-severe OSA patients [7]. In light of these three (Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang) questionnaires' relative commonness, less complicated criteria, and relative ease of application in the clinical setting, we evaluated them in the present study. We additionally evaluated the ESS that was designed originally for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness, as it has been widely utilized by primary care providers to identify potential sleep disorders.
Two studies that compared STOP and STOP-Bang with Berlin and/or ESS, determining STOP-Bang to have the highest sensitivity and AUC, recommended it as the better OSA-screening tool [14,15]. Another, a meta-analysis of OSA-screening tests found Berlin to be the most accurate questionnaire for prediction of OSA diagnosis. The least precise questionnaire was determined to be ESS, due possibly to the fact that excessive daytime sleepiness is a common syndrome among obese persons without OSA, as driven by other-than-nighttime-sleep-deprivation mechanisms. The simplest questionnaire, STOP, was deemed a relatively poor predictor of OSA, while STOP-Bang was judged to be average [16].
As for the effect of age on OSA, increasing age has been correlated with both increasing prevalence and decreasing severity [17]. Male dominance for OSA prevalence and severity disappears above 55 years of age [18,19]. The present data showed similar results: the female ratio was found to have been significantly increased in the elderly group. Overall OSA prevalence increased significantly with age.
Also in the current study, hypertension prevalence increased significantly with age; in fact, it was markedly higher in the elderly group than in either of the other age groups. OSA prevalence, meanwhile, was much higher in both the middle-aged and elderly groups than in the young-adult group. These results strongly suggest the possibility of age-related prevalence differences between hypertension and OSA. Notably, this might have influenced the Berlin and STOP questionnaire's sensitivity and specificity differences among the different age groups because hypertension plays a relatively significant role in the Berlin and STOP questionnaires [9,10].
The ideal diagnostic test for an otherwise healthy population would offer the following: relatively high sensitivity, sufficient specificity, minimal intrusiveness, relative cheapness, and a utility for identification of patients early in the disease course [20]. We found that the ESS showed the lowest sensitivity; the STOP-Bang questionnaire, while affording the highest sensitivity, as found in previous studies, offered only inadequate specificity; the Berlin questionnaire's AUC results showed it to be recommendable for evaluation of patients with suspected OSA in young-adult and middle-aged groups, notwithstanding its relatively lengthy question list and complicated scoring system [14,15].
There are some research limitations. For example, both the OSA patients and the normal (control) group showed sleep-related symptoms. Also, the number of patients in the elderly group was small. Furthermore, we were unable to examine patient occupation and lifestyle, both of which factors might have affected the results.
In conclusion, the Berlin and the STOP questionnaire showed significant sensitivity and specificity differences among the age groups. Also, for the moderate-to-severe OSA patients, there were the Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire differences in specificity among the age groups. The ESS questionnaire, however, did not show any age-related differences.
Demographic characteristics and PSG findings for all age groups
Number 396 119 192 85
Gender (male/female) 332/64 (83.8/16.2) 110/9 (92.4/7.6) 159/33 (82.8/17.2) 63/22 (74.1/25.9) 0.002*
Hypertension 100 (25.3) 18 (15.1) 37 (19.3) 45 (52.9) 0.000*
All (AHI>5) 313 (79.0) 84 (70.6) 157 (81.8) 72 (84.7) 0.022*
Mod/Sev (AHI>15) 137 (34.6) 31 (26.1) 62 (32.3) 44 (51.8) 0.000*
Severe (AHI>30) 64 (16.2) 7 (5.9) 28 (14.6) 29 (34.1) 0.000*
Differences in overall scores were evaluated using the chi-squared test.
* : p<0.05.
PSG: polysomnography, OSA: obstructive sleep apnea, AHI: apnea-hypopnea index, Mod/Sev: moderate/severe
Predictive parameters of sleep questionnaires by age group (AHI>5 as cutoff). The age intervals are in years
Sensitivity % 43.8 44.0 48.4 33.3 0.102
Specificity % 66.3 65.7 62.9 76.9 0.777
Accuracy % 48.5 50.4 51.0 40.0 0.216
AUC (95% CI) 0.550 (0.492-0.608) 0.549 (0.453-0.645) 0.556 (0.466-0.647) 0.551 (0.420-0.683) 0.096
Sensitivity % 74.8 76.2 68.8 86.1 0.016*
Specificity % 48.2 54.3 54.3 15.4 0.039*
AUC (95% CI) 0.615 (0.556-0.674) 0.652 (0.557-0.748) 0.615 (0.524-0.707) 0.508 (0.398-0.617)
STOP-Bang
Specificity % 24.1 34.3 20.0 7.7 0.128
AUC (95% CI) 0.576 (0.527-0.625) 0.612 (0.525-0.699) 0.565 (0.495-0.635) 0.49 (0.407-0.573)
ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, SBQ: STOP-Bang questionnaire, AUC: area under the curve
Predictive parameters of sleep questionnaires by age group (AHI >15 as cutoff). The age intervals are in years
Specificity % 15.4 23.9 12.3 7.3 0.025*
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Kandi Burruss To Make Her Broadway Debut As Mama Morton In Chicago!
Last month, Kandi Burruss revealed on Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen that she won't be recording new music with Xscape after she finishes their current nationwide reunion live concert tour, and the Real Housewives of Atlanta star teased what she will be doing in the new year.
"I'm going to be doing Broadway and some other things, and they're going to be doing new music," she told Andy Cohen.
It's now official: Burruss will play Matron "Mama" Morton in Chicago, the longest-running Broadway musical of all time, from January 15 through March 11 at the Ambassador Theatre in New York City.
My official start date on #ChicagoOnBroadway is January 15th!!!! I'm so excited! Check out this article. https://t.co/rQJAYNZDJh pic.twitter.com/i48YMqxuBI
— Kandi Burruss (@Kandi) December 4, 2017
Burruss reveals how she landed the role of Mama Morton in Chicago. "I changed agents last year, and I said one thing that I really want is to be on the cover of Essence and I want to do Broadway," Kandi told TooFab. "I was auditioning for something else that I had to sing a song for, and I did Mama Morton's song. [My agent] ended up sending [the video] to the 'Chicago' people as well, and they wanted me to come in after seeing it. And from there, I got the part."
"Basically, I'm taking no days off," she said.
So why did she take on the role? "I've always wanted to do Broadway since I was in high school, OK? There was no way I was going to pass up this opportunity."
Tickets for Kandi's Broadway run in Chicago are available through Telecharge.
Labels: Kandi Burruss , Real Housewives News , Real Housewives of Atlanta , RHOA , RHOA Season 10


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