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Wolves 3-0 West Ham: Sizzling second half at Molineux
jauz 30 January, 2019 No Comments
Following what has already been a pretty dramatic Premier League campaign, fans could've been forgiven for not really knowing what they were going to get from these two sides. They've both won plenty of games they were predicted to lose and lose games that seemed slam dunks for them, which is kind of the nature of the Premier League – especially with teams at this level. Both sides harbour realistic ambitions of finishing in the top half, but tonight, it was Wolverhampton Wanderers that were able to impress in an emphatic win over West Ham United.
Hard to call
Both sides came forward in their numbers during the first half, but were unable to break the deadlock. The Molineux faithful were more than willing to be patient, but for a while, it felt like another 'same old, same old' against a team they'd usually fancy themselves to beat. Wolves were attempting to push the ball out wide and work their way towards goal that way, whereas the Hammers were trying to push their way through the middle of the park.
The game was goalless heading into the second half, and then around half way through the second half, Romain Saiss scored the first goal of the game with a powerful effort from a set piece. Raul Jimenez, who is turning out to be one of the signings of the season, made it two from yet another corner which almost certainly would've frustrated the visiting fans in attendance.
Sealing the deal
Raul wound up scoring his second goal in just six minutes, before West Ham even knew what hit them. They were beaten and battered in the second 45 minutes with some Wolves fans even calling it the worst display they'd seen from a visiting team at Molineux this season. In the end, though, it was another ruthless display from Nuno Espirito Santo's team, who will now have the belief within the squad that they could make a push for a Europa League spot to go alongside their FA Cup run.
Wolves will turn their attention towards a visit to Goodison Park in order to face Everton this weekend, meanwhile, West Ham will host Liverpool on Monday night.
Wolves: Patricio (7), Saiss (8.5), Coady (6.5), Bennett (6.5), Jonny (7.5), Moutinho (9), Neves (8), Dendoncker (7.5), Doherty (8), Jimenez (9.5), Jota (8.5), Gibbs-White (6), Cavaleiro (6), Vinagre (6)
West Ham: Fabianski (6.5), Zabaleta (6.5), Diop (6), Ogbonna (6), Masuaku (6.5), Snodgrass (6.5), Noble (6), Rice (6.5), Anderson (6), Antonio (5.5), Arnautovic (6), Carroll (6.5), Obiang (6), Hernandez (6)
Referee: David Coote
Goals: Saiss, Jimenez x2
Yellow Cards: Bennett, Saiss, Neves, Jimenez, Snodgrass
Red Cards: N/A
by Harry Kettle in Editorial,
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Arum says he killed Pacquiao vs. Terence Crawford fight
Promoter Bob Arum of Top Rank says he intentionally chose not to make the fight between Manny Pacquiao (61-7-2, 39 KOs) and Terence Crawford (34-0, 25 KOs) in the past, because he felt that the Filipino star wound end up losing that fight.
Arum believes that there would be only winner and that would be Crawford. It's a fight that Crawford wanted and needed to take his career to the next level, but Arum decided not to make it.
Pacquiao left Top Rank after losing a controversial 12 round unanimous decision to Jeff Horn in July 2017.
It's unknown if Arum truly believes that Crawford would have beaten Pacquiao, because he's still never matched the Nebraska native against anyone good during his time with Top Rank. Crawford's biggest victories have come against smaller, flawed fighters for the most part like Yuriorkis Gamboa, Felix Diaz, Ricky Burns, John Molina Jr., Henry Lundy and Dierry Jean.
When Crawford has fought bigger guys, they were limited fighters that lacked talent. Crawford's wins over bigger guys have been against these fighters: Viktor Postol, Jose Benavidez, Julius Indongo and Jeff Horn. Arum hasn't put Crawford against the following talents: Ivan Baranchyk, Josh Taylor, Regis Prograis, Errol Spence Jr., Jose Ramirez, Danny Garcia, Shawn Porter, Kell Brook, Keith Thurman, Kiryl Relikh, Manny Pacquiao and Maurice Hooker.
"Well, I killed the fight," Arum said to Fighthub about his decision not to make the fight between Pacquiao and Crawford. "Yeah, because I know how it would end," Arum said in giving his reason why he didn't want to make that fight involving Pacquiao. "Not that I knew that it would end in serious disability for Manny; that I wouldn't know, but as a fight it would only end one way."
Now that Pacquiao is with Premier Boxing Champions, it's not even open to debate whether he'll ever fight Crawford. even if Arum now wanted the Pacquiao-Crawford fight, it probably will never happen. Pacquiao has enough fighters in Al Haymon's PBC stable to keep him busy for a long time to come.
Some boxing fans think Arum didn't do Pacquiao any favors in having him fight Jeff Horn his hometown in Brisbane, Australia. That move was perceived badly by a lot of boxing fans, because Pacquiao was the star and he matched up against a non-star in his home country of Australia. That was a bad move. What was interesting is that when it came time for Crawford to fight Horn, he didn't have to fight him in Australia. The Crawford-Horn fight took place in the United States in Las Vegas, Nevada last summer. Crawford didn't have to go all the way to Australia to fight Horn like Pacquiao did. Crawford is nowhere near the PPV guy Pacquiao is. The only PPV fight Crawford has had was his match against Viktor Postol in 2016. That fight brought in a little over 50,000 buys. Those are horrible numbers, even for a fighter just starting out in the PPV business.
"Forget my emotions, I wouldn't want to see him [Pacquiao] take that kind of damage because it might affect his future life — quality of his future life," Arum said.
Crawford is 31 now, and still not a star. Although he has a lot of boxing fans in Nebraska, he still isn't a star in the rest of the U.S. Arum was able to get Amir Khan to agree to fight Crawford on ESPN PPV on April 20. The problem is, Khan has been over-the-hill since 2012, and there's a lot of interest from boxing fans in paying to see Crawford-Khan on ESPN PPV. That's not a PPV fight. Khan is shot to pieces. He almost lost his last fight against journeyman Samuel Vargas. Crawford needs a fighter like Pacquiao to agree to fight him, but right now that's not happening.
By Mike Smith
Bob Arum: "I don't think Keith Thurman can fight anymore"
Top Rank promoter Bob Arum says he thinks Keith 'One Time' Thurman is past his prime, and can no longer fight anymore after seeing him labor to an unimpressive 12 round majority decision last Saturday night against Josesito 'The Riverside Rocky' Lopez (36-8, 19 KOs).
Arum says the 34-year-old Lopez isn't an elite fighter, and he arguably could have knocked Thurman out in the 7th round after he had him badly hurt. The referee Steve Willis let Thurman, 30, stay in there without stopping the fight, but he took some major shots. Many boxing fans wondered why the fight wasn't stopped in the seventh, because Thurman was clearly defenseless and taking massive punishment. After the fight, Thurman looked like he'd a beating. Both eyes were blackened, and his face reddened and lumped up. You have to believe that most of the damage to Thurman's face and eyes took place in the 7th round after he was hurt.
Two years out of the ring seems to have eroded Thurman's physical boxing skills to the point where he's no longer the same fighter he once was, and he's not likely going to ever get back to that level.
"Well I don't think Keith Thurman can fight anymore. I thought he was awful with Lopez," Thurman said to Fighthub. "I mean let's be honest about it: Lopez is not an elite fighter, never was an elite fighter, and he had Thurman out of there in the 7th round. And you know Lopez is not known for knocking anybody out, and the referee could've very well stopped the fight in that round."
Lopez isn't considered a big puncher, and he's viewed as being in the same talent class as the likes of Errol Spence Jr., Terence Crawford, Shawn Porter and Danny Garcia. The way that Lopez was able to get to Thurman repeatedly throughout the fight doesn't instill confidence in him when it comes to picturing how he would do in a fight against Manny Pacquiao, Crawford, Spence, Porter or Garcia. We saw Thurman beat Porter and Garcia in the past, but that was when he was still an active fighter. Being out of the ring for 2 years is a long time.
In any sport, if you stay of competition for two years, you're not going to be able to come back and be the same guy you were. You lose something from your game. The thing is, Thurman was barely beating the likes of Porter and Garcia when he was at his best. He clearly isn't that fighter anymore from what we saw last Saturday. The only thing that hasn't changed is Thurman's power, and his running ability. He can still run like before, but that't not going to help him beat Spence and Crawford. The judges aren't going to give Thurman rounds with him back-peddling for 12 rounds to avoid Spence and Crawford's steady pressure.
Thurman beat Lopez by the 117-109, 115-111 and 113-113. Forget about the embarrassingly bad 117-109 score turned in by Tom Schreck; Thurman appeared to lose at least four rounds, possibly five. Although Thurman didn't go down in the seventh, the judges still scored it as a 10-8 round, due to him being badly hurt and out on his feet. Earlier in the fight, Thurman got a flash knockdown of Lopez
Arum thinks Pacquiao can beat Thurman possibly after seen how badly 'One Time' looked against Lopez.
"Yeah, I think that's a winnable fight. Yeah I do," Arum said about him believing that Pacquiao can beat Thurman. "Yeah, I think Freddie's sees the same thing I did."
Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach also believes that Manny will beat Thurman.
Thurman looked so bad against Lopez that it might not be worth it for Pacquiao to fight him, because he looks like a shot fighter at this stage in his career. Pacquiao won't get any credit if he beats Thurman, given that the boxing public will likely say, 'So what, Lopez almost beat Thurman before you beat him.' Pacquiao would have to chase Thurman for 12 rounds, just as Lopez was chasing him, and it would be an ugly to watch fight. Pacquiao would have more interest from boxing fans if he fought Danny Garcia, Spence, Mikey Garcia, Crawford or Shawn Porter.
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By Sean Jones
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The Saints really didn't need Sen. Bill Cassidy to argue on their behalf in Congress
It was a Friday in Congress with no significant votes on the docket, just a discussion about sending money and weapons to the Middle East. The U.S. Government was in the midst of a shutdown — the announcement of our government's temporary re-opening had yet to come.
That made it the perfect possible time for one senator to … pander to the home crowd with a little discussion about football.
Yup. The growing wave of complaints of Saints fans cheated out of a Super Bowl 53 appearance crested to a logical escalation Friday. In the span of five days, New Orleans has leveled up from punched televisions to billboards to change.org petitions to class action lawsuits, and now, a debate on the floor of the United States Senate.
Cassidy (R-LA) from Senate floor on Saints-Rams game: "What happened in my belief and the belief of many was the most blatant and consequential blown call in NFL history." pic.twitter.com/rbWJQtx0ny
— Craig Caplan (@CraigCaplan) 25 de enero de 2019
Was it weird that Senator Bill Cassidy called the fans watching the NFC title game a bunch of drunks? Sure! Was it reminiscent of Jonah Ryan rallying against school lunches in Season 6 of Veep? Kinda! Will Congress actually do anything to affect the outcome of a game played five days ago? Nope!
Cassidy's speech came hours before President Trump announced he'd end the longest shutdown in American history for three weeks time. On this same day, a major airport in one of the largest cities in the world briefly grounded its departing flights due to a shortage of federally paid air traffic controllers.
Needless to say, there's a lot going on right now … and we're talking about football! Not even in the cutesy "I'd like to make a resolution honoring the Clemson Tigers for winning a national championship" way, either.
"Cassidy scored the cheapest of political points Friday, which is both brilliant and stupid."
Cassidy starts his argument with some lip service to the shutdown, but this presentation is all about one thing — football. He cites Hulk Hogan, yet cannot name any of the players involved in the controversial play aside from Drew Brees. This is doubly impressive because he has a giant, blown-up picture of the play in which Tommylee Lewis' "LEWIS" nameplate is clearly visible.
He brings up "the integrity of the game," which, somewhere in New York City, silently made Roger Goodell perk up and nod silently to himself. He suggests the referee who missed the call may have been biased because he lives in California, a state that wasn't home to the Rams between the years of 1995 and 2015. He admits he doesn't actually know how officiating crews are assigned to playoff games — a Google search that takes literally eight seconds to complete.
This is a man who does. not. give. a. shit. about. football, yet here he is campaigning to an empty Senate to score the cheapest of cheap political points at a time where there were simultaneously bigger fish to fry and nothing, really, to do. He knows there's nothing meaningful the U.S. Government is going to do to reverse one blown call in an NFL playoff game, but he's still going to be able to tell voters "hell, I tried" when he's rubbing elbows with voters in Metairie.
It's dumb and brilliant at the same time, a speech Cassidy can pull out at LSU tailgates and stick in the face of every opponent he'd like to hear say "well, he's not all bad." With the news of Trump's decision to temporarily halt the shutdown, it'll be lost to the ever-churning news cycle but remain in Cassidy's archives, waiting for the right time to resurface. Just don't confuse his argument for actual caring. And don't think this will lead anywhere but to campaign ads in the New Orleans television market come October 2020.
"Bill Cassidy: standing up for Louisianans. Especially Drew Brees and that other guy. You know, the one who got hit. I want to say Tommy Lee Jones?"
By Christian D'Andrea @TrainIsland
Atletico confirm Morata
Atletico Madrid have confirmed the signing of Alvaro Morata from Chelsea.
The striker Morata, who fell completely out of favor with Chelsea manager Maurizio Sarri, will move to Wanda Metropolitano on an 18-month loan, as the two clubs agreed.
Morata spent four seasons at Atletico's academy under the name "Alevin", and during that time he played alongside Koke, and the La Liga side happily point out that the pair of them will now be reunited in the first team.
The Spanish international, however, made his name across town playing for Real Madrid for which he signed his first professional contract, before moving to Juventus in 2014. Real exercised their buy-back option two years later and sold them to Chelsea after a season of having him back. It's fair to say he didn't impress for the Londoners, and Sarri has recently preferred using Eden Hazard in a "false nine" role than giving Morata a chance to redeem himself.
A move away seems like a logical solution, one that should fit all parties' interests, and Atletico are obviously happy to have him aboard.
by Veselin Trajkovic
Roach says Thurman is his #2 choice for Pacquiao if no Mayweather
Trainer Freddie Roach says Keith 'One Time' Thurman is his #2 choice for Manny Pacquiao's next fight if they can't get a rematch with Floyd Mayweather Jr., which appears to be the case. Pacquiao (61-7-2, 39 KOs) has heard no word from Mayweather about him wanting to come out of his two-year retirement to fight him in a rematch.
Getting WBA Super World welterweight champion Thurman (29-0, 22 KOs) to agree to a fight against Pacquiao will be as easy as pie. Thurman, 30, wants the fight against Pacquiao in the worst way, and made that clear before and especially after his warm-up level fight last Saturday night against fringe contender Josesito Lopez (36-8, 19 KOs) on Premier Boxing Champions on FOX and FS1 from the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.
Thurman told the fans after the fight that it would be an honor for him to share the ring with the 40-year-old Pacquiao. Since both of them are with PBC, it'll be a snap to put the fight together. Pacquiao prefers to fight Mayweather, cause that's the bigger money match-up for him. Pacquiao also would like to face the winner of the Errol Spence Jr. vs. Mikey Garcia. Thurman might be a bigger fight for Pacquiao, however, being that he's a little more verbal and outgoing than Spence Jr. and Mikey. Thurman makes a lot more noise in the media when it comes to promoting his fights. Thurman has a gift for gab, and he'll work hard to sell a fight between him and Pacquiao, knowing that it'll help his career, as well as bring in more pay-per-view buys on FOX or SHOWTIME.
It's entirely possible that the 41-year-old Mayweather is playing coy with Pacquiao to feign indifference before pulling the trigger on the fight, but it could be that he really doesn't want the fight and doesn't care that he's walking away from $100 million payday. Mayweather seemingly doesn't care that he'll miss that money, and possibly regret it one day. Right now, Mayweather is doing his own thing.
"I [want Pacquiao] to fight him. The thing is, if we don't get Mayweather, Thurman's my second choice," Roach said to Fighthub in saying that Keith 'One Time' Thurman is his second choice for Pacquiao to fight next. "I love him for Pacquiao's style. I think he's good for us. Not easy, though."
Pacquiao will have to follow Thurman around the ring if he takes the fight with him. Thurman moves around a lot, and he's not going to stand and make it a fight. Against Lopez last Saturday, it was boring to watch much of the time due to Thurman trying to get away from his pressure in the second half of the fight. Thurman can make it boring when he gets tired or when he's hurt, like he was last Saturday. Thurman fought the same way against Danny Garcia when he got tired in the last six rounds in their fight in March 2017.
The way that Thurman looked last Saturday against Josesito Lopez may have cemented him in as Pacquiao's next opponent. Thurman looked vulnerable throughout that fight, and was almost knocked out in the seventh round by Lopez. Thurman eventually prevailed in winning a 12 round majority decision by the scores 113-113, 117-109 and 115-111. Thurman didn't look nearly as impressive in beating Lopez as guys like Marcos Maidana, Saul Canelo Alvarez and Andre Berto did in knocking him out.
If Thurman had looked sensational last Saturday night against the 34-year-old Lopez, would Roach still want him as Pacquiao's Plan-B opponent if Mayweather doesn't fight him again? Probably not. Roach wants Pacquiao to fight guys that he can beat, and Thurman looks beatable right now after his off performance against Lopez. Thurman didn't look much better in his fights against Danny Garcia and Luis Collazo. Thurman was hurt by Collazo, and almost dropped. Thurman was also hurt by Diego Chaves and Jesus Soto Karass. Thurman's punch resistance has never been good, but he was able to cover up for that vulnerability with his speed and footwork. Now that Thurman has slowed down a notch due to age and inactivity, he's now showing how vulnerable he is. Lopez is a fighter that would have likely been destroyed by the likes of Errol Spence Jr., Shawn Porter, Terence Crawford and Danny Garcia last Saturday night.
"Well he [Pacquiao] told me we'll take anyone out there," Roach said of Pacquiao. "The thing is there's one guy he really wants, and that's Mayweather, and he had all intentions of Mayweather maybe taking the fight right away."
Mayweather sounds like he's going to stay retired, and walk away from the money that he would get from a second fight. It doesn't make sense for a person to walk away from that kind of money, but that's Mayweather. Pacquiao will need to make the decision to fight Thurman or the Spence-Garcia winner next. Thurman looked like he'd aged badly in his last fight. The two years that Thurman has been out of the ring haven't done his boxing skills and chin any favors. Perhaps it's just rust that was cause of Thurman looking like that. It's more likely that Thurman has aged, and he's not going to get back to the level he was at before. Thurman's game is based on speed and movement, and those type of fighters don't do well when they hit their 30s, and start to lose speed and mobility.
"No, we haven't heard nothing yet. But, you know, we have to let them say it — just like last time. You know the drill. But, you know, he is the star though," Roach said about Mayweather not having said anything about wanting to come out of his two-year retirement to fight Pacquiao.
Mayweather probably won't come out of retirement unfortunately, and Pacquiao cannot wait for the next four months, hoping that he'll take the fight with him. Pacquiao's management will need to setup his next fight in a month or so in order to start getting the boxing public excited about it, be it Thurman or the Spence-Garcia winner. Mayweather will probably resurface in a year or two, fighting another MMA with no boxing background in order to try and sell another mismatch to the fans. Mayweather will soon find out that he's getting diminishing returns for his fights against MMA guys, and he'll need to make a decision whether to start fighting boxers again or stay retired. It would be in Mayweather's best interest to make that decision now rather than waiting to get older. The longer Mayweather waits, the less popular he'll become. The fans aren't going to want to pay to see an old guy in his mid-40s, who they barely remember, fighting Pacquiao 2 to 3 years from now.
Thierry Henry suspended by Monaco
According to Sky Sports, Monaco have suspended head coach Thierry Henry until a decision is made on his future. The Arsenal legend has struggled to turn things around in the principality, with his team currently 19th place in the Ligue One table.
Henry has won just five times since joining Monaco three months ago. With the team two points from safety in the French top-flight, it seems that the former France international is set for the exit.
Reportedly, Monaco have decided that they wish to reappoint predecessor Leonardo Jardim, which would be a shock considering how he left the club.
Team was in a mess before Henry's appointment
When Henry arrived at the club, he faced a massive challenge. The team had been decimated in recent years, as Monaco continually sold their star players and expected Jardim to find replacements.
The Portuguese boss had done an excellent job until this season when not only did the lack of quality show in the team, he also had to endure an injury crisis. In the end, the club dispensed with his services, as they believed a change would help the team out of the relegation zone. It has not, now it seems they regret their decision to fire Jardim.
The move was a gamble all round
Monaco hiring Thierry Henry and the Frenchman agreeing to take the job was a gamble all round. Henry had never been a boss. The closest he had been to being a boss was as assistant head coach to Roberto Martinez with the Belgium national team.
He has no managerial experience, so to take on the monumental job at Monaco was a brave decision. Henry had been linked with a number of managerial jobs in the past. However, his best role since retiring from playing so far has arguably been as a Sky Sports pundit.
The decision to appoint Henry was also a gamble from Monaco. It seems like a sentimental appointment. He had started his playing career at the club, so there was that attachment. Maybe Monaco believed that Henry's character and legend was enough to lift the players.
Unfortunately, it seems it has not been enough, as the team's fortunes have hardly sawed since the Frenchman's appointment as head coach. In fact, some would argue that the team has been putting in worse performances than under the highly-rated Jardim.
Monaco can still survive the drop
Monaco have been poor for most of the season. However, the good news for the team from the principality is that they have been cut off at the bottom of the Ligue One table. They are just two points away from the relegation play-off spots and three points from safety.
The fact that Monaco are odds of 7/4, fifth favourites for relegation this season suggest that not many believe they will actually suffer relegation.
However, it is not impossible that Monaco could still suffer relegation, with or without Thierry Henry in charge of the team. Henry's suspension suggests it will be without him in charge at the minute.
The former Arsenal star always seemed eager to get into management. However, despite his obvious football knowledge, maybe it was too soon for him. It was definitely not the right set-up to start his managerial career.
If as expected, Henry loses his job, no doubt he will look back at his spell in charge of Monaco as a tough, but a good learning experience. When he returns to management, the will be wiser and hopefully be able to make better decisions.
Will Thierry Henry recover from his time at Monaco to be a successful boss in the future?
by David Nugent in Editorial, Ligue 1
Kell Brook has a couple of options in U.S for next fight
Former IBF welterweight champion Kell Brook has a couple of options in the United States for his next fight, according to his promoter Eddie Hearn. He's not sure if the 32-year-old Brook will move down to welterweight or continue to fight at junior middleweight. Brook did not look like a world beater in his last fight at 154 against Michael Zerafa on December 8.
There's a possibility that Brook could face former WBO welterweight champion Jessie Vargas on April 6 in the U.S. Hearn isn't confirming that Vargas is one of the two options he has for Brook to fight next in the U.S. Vargas (28-2-2, 10 KOs) is a step up for Brook from his last two fights against Michael Zerafa and Sergey Rabchenko, but he's not what most boxing fans would consider a guy that would result in a big fight. Vargas' record in his last four fights is 1-1-2. Vargas' last two fights have been 12 round draws against Thomas Dulorme and Adrien Broner. Vargas was beaten by Manny Pacquiao in 2016.
"There's a couple of big fights in the States that are available to him,"said Hearn to skysports.com. "The Liam Smith fight is another fight he will be looking at as well, so yeah he's another guy that needs to pull the trigger in the next couple of weeks to decide his next step."
Brook is the WBA mandatory for WBA 154 lb champion Jarrett Hurd. However, Hearn isn't certain whether Brook will stay at 154 or move back down to 147 to resume his career at that weight. Hearn likes Brook's weight discipline now, and he seems to believe that he can go back down to 147 if he wants to. Hurd, 28, would be a real problem for Brook due to his size, power and youth. The way that Brook had problems with 26-year-old junior middleweight Zerafa last December, he would be at the mercy of Hurd's size and power if he dared to accept a fight against him for his World Boxing Association junior middleweight title.
Hearn signed former WBO 154 lb champion Liam Smith to a three-fight contract recently, and it's thought that the sole reason why he signed him is so that he can put him in with Brook, and have an excuse not to match Kell against the lions at 154 like Hurd, Jermell Charlo, Tony Harrison and Erislandy Lara.
Brook vs. Vargas would interest some boxing fans in the U.S. It would obviously be shown on DAZN, so the American fans would be able to watch it as part of their monthly subscription price for that platform. Apart from that, it's not a fight that would attract a lot of interest from people in the United States. Vargas' 1-1-2 record in his last four fights has shown pretty clearly that he's not talented enough to be a major player at 147. For Vargas' sake, he should move back down to 140, if he can make the weight. However, there's money for Vargas to make fighting Brook. Hearn will obviously make it worth his while to accept the fight.
By Tim Royner
Sevilla 2-0 Barcelona: The champions stumble
Barcelona have had a vice-like grip on the Copa del Rey trophy for four years now, and in that time they've certainly been able to earn their place on the throne. Alas, while the past may favour them the present certainly isn't on their side, as the reigning champions were defeated 2-0 in their quarter final first leg against Sevilla.
The favourites fall
Sevilla themselves have had a strong season thus far, and they certainly seem to be hellbent on picking up some silverware this season. That'll be easier said than done, of course, but it's not like they're strangers to success in cup competitions. After all, their recent history in the Europa League has been one of the shining accomplishments for Spanish football on the European stage.
There probably should've been some warning signs from the word go in this one, with Lionel Messi being rested for Barca. As a result Kevin-Price Boateng started the game, before being replaced later on by Suarez. It was a relatively uneventful first half either way, but early in the second, things came to life in a big way.
Backs against the wall
Pablo Sarabia smashed home a nice cross to give the home side the advantage early in the second half, and from that point on they just seemed to dictate the pace of play. Wissam Ben Yedder poked in a second, meaning that Barca have some serious work to do in the return leg.
Barcelona's next game will be a visit to take on Girona, whereas Sevilla will host Levante.
Sevilla: Soriano (7.5), Mercado (7), Kjaer (7), Gomez (6.5), Amadou (6.5), Navas (7), Andre Silva (N/A), Sarabia (7.5), Vazquez (N/A), Banega (6.5), Escudero (6.5), Lopes (N/A), Promes (6.5), Ben Yedder (7.5)
Barcelona: Cillessen (6.5), Roberto (6), Pique (5.5), Lenglet (6), Semedo (6.5), Alba (N/A), Vidal (6.5), Rakitic (6), Ramos de Oliveira Melo (6), Malcom (5.5), Coutinho (6), Boateng (6), Suarez (6), Alena (6)
Referee: Carlos del Cerro Grande
Goals: Sarabia, Ben Yedder
Yellow Cards: Gomez, Alba
By Harry Kettle in Editorial, La Liga
De La Hoya wants Canelo vs. Jermall Charlo & Munguia vs. Jermell Charlo doubleheader
Golden Boy Promotions CEO Oscar De La Hoya says he's thinking of putting together a double-header between Saul Canelo Alvarez and WBC interim middleweight champion Jermall Charlo, and Jaime Munguia facing Jermell Charlo. However, De La Hoya says Munguia isn't ready to fght top level opposition yet because of his youth.
De La Hoya isn't saying when he wants to make those two fights, but it's going to have to take place soon, since the unbeaten Jermall (28-0, 21 KOs) is Canelo's mandatory challenger for his WBC middleweight title.
The World Boxing Council will need to order the Canelo vs. Charlo fight sooner or later, being that Jermall has already been waiting two years for his mandatory title shot. Jermall earned the mandatory position in 2017, and the WBC has been slow in ordering the fight. Unless the WBC is going to let Canelo not defend against his mandatory for five years like the sanctioning body did with former WBC light heavyweight champion Adonis Stevenson, they've going to need to order that fight before long.
Munguia (31-0, 26 KOs) has a minor test that he needs to pass this Saturday against #3 WBC challenger Takeshi Inoue (13-0-1, 7 KOs) at the Toyota Center, in Houston, Texas. De La Hoya says he doesn't know if the 22-year-old Munguia will be able to beat the 5'8″ Inoue, but hes hoping he will. Munguia vs. Inoue will be streamed on DAZN on the internet this Saturday, January 26.
"One of the problems with these young fighters winning world titles at such a young age, a lot of these fighters aren't ready to fight the very top, the very best,""Jaime Munguia, the fact that he's 21-years-old, we have big plans for him, but first things first. We want to make sure he gets the experience. We want to make sure he's solid at 154, and then we fight one of the best," De La Hoya said.
It appears that De La Hoya is saying is that he's not going to put Munguia in with any of the talented fighters at 154 until he gets more experience under his belt first. As such, it would seem highly unlikely that Golden Boy Promotions will make the move to setup a fight between one of the Charlo twins like Jermell (31-1, 15 KOs) anytime soon, Jermell is coming off of a 12 round unanimous decision loss in his last fight against Tony Harrison (28-2, 21 KO) on December 22 of last year, but he's still a guy that is in the prime of his career at 28-years-old, and very experienced in comparison to Munguia.
If the fight between Munguia and Jermall Charlo is to be made, it's hard to imagine De La Hoya making it in the the next two to three years. What that means is if De La Hoya is going to wait until he Munguia gains more experience before matching him against Jermell, it seems to indicate that Jermall Charlo will need to wait until Munguia is ready for his fight against Jermell before he can get his mandatory title shot against Canelo.
Hopefully it doesn't workout that way, because it means that the boxing public is going to need to wait a long time before they see Canelo vs. Jermall, but it sounds like that's going to be the situation. De La Hoya might choose to wait until Munguia has more experience under his belt before he makes the Canelo-Jermall and Munguia-Jermell double-header. Jermell isn't ranked in the top 15 with the World Boxing Organization, so the WBO can't force Munguia to fight him. And if Jermell does win back his WBC junior middleweight title after he faces Harrison in their rematch in April or May, Munguia still won't have to face him until Golden Boy decides they want to make that fight.
The only guy that Golden Boy needs to worry about it Jermall, who is Canelo's WBC mandatory. As long as the WBC let's continue to bypass Jermall, then there's no threat of him losing to the talented fighter. You can argue the WBC is making it difficult for Charlo to get his mandatory title shot against Canelo, as he's already had to face Hugo Centeno Jr. for the interim WBC middleweight title, and then make a defense against Matt Korobov since he became the mandatory for the WBC 160 lb title. The WBC now wants Jermall to have to fight Gennady Golovkin to decide Canelo's next mandatory. That move by the WBC doesn't make sense, because Charlo is already Canelo's mandatory challenger. He earned that spot in 2017 in beating Jorge Sebastian Heiland by a fourth round TKO. Charlo having to fight Golovkin in another eliminator is pointless. The WBC should be ordering Canelo to defend against Charlo, but for some reason they're not going that.
"[Takeshi] Inoue, I don't know how difficult he's going to be. I don't know if Munguia is going to lose or win,""It's going to be a great fight, but I have bigger plans for Jaime Munguia. I have plans. For instance, imagine Canelo fighting one of the Charlo brothers [Jermall], and imagine imagine Munguia fighting the other [Jermell] Charlo brother. That'll be a great card. That'll be a solid card, that'll excite the people. Obviously, first things are first. Canelo has Jacobs in May. Jaime has Inoue this Saturday. I'm sure the Charlos have their plans, but that's what I'm envisioning for the future of boxing, putting the best against the best each time," De La Hoya said.
It doesn't seem too likely that the Canelo vs. Charlo and the Munguia vs. Jermell doubleheader will get made anytime soon. One major stumbling block that could make those fights near impossible to put together is the different networks they fight on. Canelo and Munguia fight on DAZN, whereas the Charlo brothers are with Premier Boxing Champions and fight on FOX, FOX Deportes and SHOWTIME. PBC isn't likely going to let the Charlos fight on DAZN, and a fight between them and Canelo and Munguia would need to be on PPV for it to be worth it. If those fights took place on FOX or SHOWTIME, those would easily be a PPV worthy card, but that might not be possible given that Canelo and Munguia are with DAZN. The fight card that De La Hoya talks about would be a great one if it happens, but could a deal be made between DAZN and PBC to have that card made? It's unclear at this time. De La Hoya is talking a lot, but he might just be throwing names out there to help increase the popularity of his young fighter Charlo. Canelo is soon going to run out of opponents for him to fight. Even if Gennady Golovkin signs with DAZN, Canelo is still going to run out of popular fighters for him to compete against at 160. The guys at 168, Callum Smith, Gilberto Ramirez, George Groves and David Benavidez, aren't popular enough for Canelo to bring in a lot of subscribers to DAZN in fighting them. Canelo needs the Charlo brothers, both of them, as well as Jarrett Hurd, and maybe even light heavyweight Dmitry Bivol, in order to continue to bring in great ratings. Canelo won't be able to bring in a lot of subscribers once he exhausts the small number of top middleweights in the division. These are the most talented middleweights at this time;
Gennady Golovkin: recently beaten
Jermall Charlo: looking poor in last fight
Jaime Munguia
Rob Brant
Sergiy Derevyanchenko: recently beaten
Demetrius Andrade: looked poor in last fight
Billy Joe Saunders: tested positive for a banned substance recently
Saul Canelo Alvarez
Wolves 3-0 West Ham: Sizzling second half at Molineux 30 January, 2019
Arum says he killed Pacquiao vs. Terence Crawford fight 30 January, 2019
Bob Arum: "I don't think Keith Thurman can fight anymore" 29 January, 2019
The Saints really didn't need Sen. Bill Cassidy to argue on their behalf in Congress 29 January, 2019
Atletico confirm Morata 28 January, 2019
Roach says Thurman is his #2 choice for Pacquiao if no Mayweather 28 January, 2019
Thierry Henry suspended by Monaco 25 January, 2019
Kell Brook has a couple of options in U.S for next fight 25 January, 2019
Sevilla 2-0 Barcelona: The champions stumble 24 January, 2019
De La Hoya wants Canelo vs. Jermall Charlo & Munguia vs. Jermell Charlo doubleheader 24 January, 2019


Visa interviews are by appointment only and appointments must be made online. For expedited appointments, please visit the same website and follow the prompts to request expedited service.
Visa appointments must be made online. For expedited appointments, please visit the same website and follow the prompts to request expedited service.


Jair Pérez (Jacó) claimed victory in Open mens yesterday. It was probably one of the most exciting heats I've seen in a long time. Alfredo and Matt have over 3000 photos from the event we will be posting today along with results from the event.


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Oconee County Lowe's on Epps Bridge Parkway Wants to Change its Parking Lot
Add Two Buildings
Lowe's Home Center on Epps Bridge Parkway, which lost one entrance when Jennings Mill Parkway was raised, will shift another and alter the traffic pattern for its parking lot if changes recommended by the Oconee County Planning Commission last night are approved by the Board of Commissioners on March 6.
The main entrance to the parking lot off Epps Bridge Parkway will be shifted south, and two out lots will be created on either side of the entrance.
One of those will be occupied by a Kauffman Tire store. The other doesn't have a firm tenant, according to Brad Callender, Oconee County planner. The "representative photo" submitted with the plans is for a Verizon Wireless store.
The Planning Commission approved the requested change in the existing B-1 zoning classification with minimal discussion last night.
More controversial was a rezone request by Samuel F. Border and Jacqueline M. Border to rezone their 15-acre lot on the west side of SR 15 in the south of the county. The official address is 4560 Greensboro Highway.
The Planning Commission recommended to the Board of Commissioners that this request be turned down.
Two houses exist on the lot, which is zoned for agricultural and residential use, and the Borders want to split off 5 acres that include one of the houses.
Neighbors objected, saying such a change would decrease the value of their houses, which sit on large lots.
One of the two houses, which, according to tax records, consists of 2,676 square feet of space, was approved as a farm tenant dwelling when it was built in 2007. Such a building is supposed to be used by someone employed on the farm.
Susan Feldman, one of the neighbors, said the land is not farmed at all.
Callender told me today that there are no size restrictions on farm tenant buildings.
The problem, he said, is that the building was approved at 1,500 square feet of space and a certificate of occupancy was granted for a building of 1,500 square feet of space. The septic permit is for 1,500 square feet of space, he said.
"We have no record of how it got to be 2,676 square feet," Callender said.
The other house, built in 1996, has 5,292 square feet of space, according to tax records.
After discussion, Commission member Bill Yarbrough made the motion to recommend denial of the request, and Commission member Penny Mills seconded.
The motion was approved unanimously.
Construction of the two buildings at the front of the Lowe's store is expected to take 21 months. The project is valued at $2 million.
Lowe's is proposing to create an access drive on the existing parking lot to connect the two out lots to the Oconee Connector and the existing access drive to the neighboring Wal-Mart site.
Each of the new lots will be about an acre, leaving about 15 acres for the Lowe's store and parking lot.
Prior to the reconstruction of Jennings Mill Parkway, which now is called the Oconee Connector, Lowe's had two entrances off that roadway. The road was raised in reconstruction, resulting in the closing of one of the entrances.
The Board of Commissioners is scheduled to hold public hearings on the Lowe's and Borders' rezone requests before making a decision on March 6.
Oconee County Lowe's on Epps Bridge Parkway Wants ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Smaller pitch LED displays for indoor use.
LED expertise to start ot further guide you through all aspects of LED Displays.
LED screens and displays for shops and stores, windows or in-store.
This is a brief project description.
We, at the LED Studio are constantly working to keep abreast in an ever changing world of media technology. We strive to create the best quality products we can and constantly pursue innovation to propel our customers in the industry.


50.6 is the official IT Employee Confidence Index score, down a significant 7.6 points from the second quarter this year.
Technology professionals are not brimming with confidence these days; instead, they have lower expectations about the economy and their own job security than they did just months ago, according to the quarterly Technisource IT Employment Report. Conducted by Harris Interactive, the survey indicates that only a small minority of IT workers believe the economy is getting stronger, and most IT employees say there are fewer jobs available now than in the recent past. The news isn't entirely bleak, as some tech workers are expressing confidence in the future of their current employer and their ability to find a new job; these and other results often vary according to gender and age. Also, more workers than ever say they are ready to look for another job. "This should serve as a warning to employers that have forgone retention efforts over the last year," says Michael Winwood, president of Technisource. "Doing so will likely hamper employer's ability to compete once the economy makes a full recovery." Nearly 190 tech workers took part in the survey.


Start Here Online Loans From Top Lenders. Our Large Network of Lenders offer loans for borrowers with Good or Bad Credit Scores. Loans for several months to several years. Finding options from top lenders in Saint Francis.
There many areas that now offer cash advances as well as they're truly very easy to obtain. short term loans are among the fastest and easiest methods there is to obtain the cash you require currently. As well as, depending upon the company, you could obtain a cash advance and also installment loans online for $1000 or as up to $35,500.
The amount you can obtain would certainly rely on which kind of lending you obtain. Keep in mind that there are additionally sub-types for unsecured individual loans such as a cash advance. Approval fasts as well as relatively very easy although the quantity you could get would be very little, and could just be optimal for points like an emergency situation, paying energy bills, and tuition charges, or possibly a getaway.
Individuals with reduced credit history find it challenging to obtain a lending. Lenders transform them down due to the fact that there is that risk of not being able to keep up with regular monthly payments, or a minimum of settle the loan amount. It is an unfortunate truth, however a truth however.
Our Local Lenders In Saint Francis, Minnesota Are Here to Help!
If you do not have a very good credit score and also you occur to be in need of cash presently, understand that your own is not a hopeless situation. Whilst in the past it was practically difficult to obtain a loan provider to accept a financing for a person operating bad credit, today, loan providers have actually already understood that there is a lucrative market for this as well as therefore, there is currently greater than one option for individual financings supplied to people with bad credit. Let us go over one of the most typical ones.
Cash advance Loans – these loans are the most preferred option for utilized people. All it takes is finding a lender in Saint Francis Minnesota that could offer you with this sort of financing, supply them with the necessary information such as your complete name, address, employment details, as well as bank information (checking account). You would have to equip them with a post-dated check, which they will deposit on your payday. These lendings are extremely simple to avail so as long as you meet the needs.
Unsecured Company Loans – normally, individuals would believe that it is extremely tough to obtain a company loan if they have bad credit- this is not completely true. Lenders are greater than ready to offer financings to entrepreneurs so as long as all the essential files are submitted and also they have the ability to settle the loan.
Debt Combination Financings – a number of us want to get a loan in order to repay our financial obligations. This is specifically real for those with big credit cards balances because the rate of interest for charge card are extremely, very high. To be able to reduce charges, individuals favor obtaining debt consolidation loans. Although not always the situation, this sort of financing can be thought about "unsecured" so no security is needed.
Lendings from Household as well as Friends – relying on the type of situation you have, this might either be your very first or last option. An individual lending from people you know is advised because you get minimal or no passion fees, plus you could get it without needing to protect any kind of requirements whatsoever. Occasionally though it is hard to loan from family and friends because they probably have no money to spare or it might additionally be that you are also embarrassed to inform them regarding your monetary problems.


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Mitchell's wastewater treatment plants to undergo $40 million of improvements, adding more drainage capacity
"We're doing a lot of manual removal of the solids from the wastewater. These new upgrades will be a lot safer for our workers," Wastewater Supervisor Jon Vermeulen said of the north plant project.
Wastewater Superintendent Jon Vermeulen explains the work being done to improve Mitchell's north wastewater treatment plant on December 6.
Sam Fosness / Republic
MITCHELL — Removing unwanted solids from Mitchell's wastewater has become more challenging and dangerous for city crews over the years.
That's about to change, as the city is bringing over $40 million in improvements to the north and south wastewater treatment plants – where Mitchell's wastewater is treated before it's discharged back into the water cycle.
"We're doing a lot of manual removal of the solids from the wastewater. These new upgrades will be a lot safer for our workers," said Jon Vermeulen, the city's wastewater superintendent. "We're not getting much grit removal like we should be, which all goes into our system."
The multifaceted projects that are estimated to cost a combined $48 million will expand the capacity of wastewater Mitchell can process and increase stormwater drainage capacity.
To enhance the process of grit and solid removal that's done at the north wastewater plant, the city is building a new headworks facility that Public Works Director Joe Schroeder said will provide "much more slick" equipment and make for safer working conditions.
"The new equipment will be slick enough that will allow us to back a trailer in and the screenings you collect will be discharged right into the trailer. That will allow us to take the trailer of discharge and dump it at the landfill," Schroeder said of the north facility's upgrades that construction teams have been making progress on this fall.
The new screens being installed at the headworks building will result in 40% more efficiency in collecting solids from the sewage that crews handle, according to Vermeulen.
Another key element of the project is the new 600,000-gallon equalization basin and pump station that Vermeulen said will help improve the city's drainage system during heavy rain events. For the past several decades, the city's equalization basin was a 100,000-gallon tank.
Since the September 2019 flood that doused Mitchell with over 8 inches of rain in less than two days, city leaders have kept their focus on addressing drainage issues.
When the September 2019 storm hit, Vermeulen said much of the north wastewater plant was fully engulfed with standing water, making it challenging to access emergency equipment needed to pump stormwater at overwhelmed lift stations.
"The odds of having bypasses during floods and heavy rain events will be significantly reduced," Vermeulen said. "What happened in 2019 was people's basements flooded with water and their sump pumps gave out, and all of that water went into the sewer system. So instead of having 14 lift stations in town filled with wet wells, we probably had 200 to 300 houses that filled up with stormwater due to the storm. That's what overloaded the sewer system."
The price tag of the north wastewater treatment project is sitting at $18 million, while the south wastewater project is estimated to cost $30 million. Both projects are the costliest in the city's 2023 budget.
The north plant dates back to the early 1900s and has undergone minimal upgrades in the past. Schroeder said the facility has reached the point of needing major upgrades to function efficiently.
"We have maximized the plant to its full potential with the rough condition it was in. It was time to get this project moving," Schroeder said. "There is a lot that goes into the process of treating wastewater, and it's one of things you have to make sure is working smoothly. The efficiency of a wastewater plant affects everybody in the city."
Crews work on the north wastewater treatment plant project on Dec. 6.
The wastewater and sewage that's handled at the north facility is pumped 2 miles to the lagoons at the south plant, which is where the brunt of the treatment phase is conducted. After it's treated to a certain level in accordance with environmental standards, the wastewater is discharged into the James River.
"We have stricter guidelines on our wastewater for fecal and bacteria than Lake Mitchell does to determine shutting beaches down," Vermeulen said.
While multimillion-dollar projects of this magnitude typically garner heavy discussion and debate among the Mitchell City Council during budget time, that wasn't the case for the two infrastructure projects.
To help fund the projects, the city increased the water and sewer rates in 2021. Both the north and south wastewater treatment plant projects are also being funded through the Clean Water State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) program, which is available for cities taking on projects to improve wastewater treatment, stormwater drainage and drinking water.
More capacity, means opportunity to welcome growth
The big investments that are being made to improve the city's wastewater treatment plants will position Mitchell for future growth. And that's been a major focus for Mitchell Mayor Bob Everson, who noted the city's slow 3% growth from 2010 to 2020.
"Mitchell was the slowest growing major city in the state in the past decade. We're on Interstate 90, and we should be growing a lot more than what we saw from the past decade," Everson said. "We're working on ways to get that done."
Although recruiting businesses and spurring housing developments isn't a function of city government, Everson said the few things the city can do in terms of growth is position Mitchell with infrastructure to handle more industry and residents. The wastewater treatment improvement projects are an example of that.
By expanding the wastewater capacity, Schroeder said it will equip the city to handle more housing developments and new businesses.
With a new soybean processing plant on the horizon and a handful of housing developments launching throughout Mitchell, there may soon be an influx of wastewater coming through the treatment plants. And the multimillion-dollar projects will have the facilities ready to handle it.
Related Topics: MITCHELLWATER QUALITYINFRASTRUCTUREMEMBERS-ONLY
Sam Fosness joined the Mitchell Republic in May 2018. He was raised in Mitchell, S.D., and graduated from Mitchell High School. He continued his education at the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, where he graduated in 2020 with a bachelor's degree in journalism and a minor in English. During his time in college, Fosness worked as a news and sports reporter for The Volante newspaper.


It is difficult to talk about photography without eventually talking about cameras. The choice of cameras available today is staggering as is the volume of reviews and opinions. How can we make sense of all this confusion?
There is no universal right answer when it comes to choosing a camera, it depends on many variables. I would like to suggest that deciding on what subject you will actually shoot is the first thing to be done; not what you might shoot or could shoot but what realistically is achievable.
To illustrate how this decision process could go I will talk about how I should have made my choices with the benefit of hindsight. From the pictures I have posted here you can see that my subjects are usually in good light, seldom move very quickly and that I enjoy most things to be in focus in the frame. Most of my pictures are viewed on a computer or an A4 print. Almost any camera will meet my requirements so an endless list of performance features is not required.
Reviews seem to stress features such as high ISO performance, focus speed, resolution and frame rate to arrive at the "best camera". However for my needs none of these things are important so those features can be removed from the decision making process. It turns out that a top end compact does a very good job for me and my recent pictures have been taken with an Olympus XZ-1.
Now I have to confess that my first choice of camera was a DSLR, an Olympus E-3 with some nice lenses. Then I wanted something a bit smaller so I bought a mirrorless camera, an Olympus E-PL1 with a few odd lenses. My last choice was the XZ-1. So how do I chose which camera to take? It depends on the job in hand but most of the time the XZ-1 wins if I am going to walk a lot, the E-PL1 wins if I need a bit more image quality and the E-3 wins if I need a weatherproof responsive camera.
My conclusion would be that the lightest camera that will do the job wins and if I was left with just the XZ-1 I could complete the majority of my photography. You don't have to spend a fortune or become a pack horse to enjoy photography. Each individual will have a specific set of camera performance needs and it is worth sorting those out before buying.
Having said that, if we want a camera that we don't need then that is fine also as long as it gives us pleasure.


Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the large arteries and their branches; its etiology is still unknown. In individuals suffering from TA, arterial inflammation progresses to stenosis and/or occlusion, leading to organ damage and affecting survival. Relation of TA with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known, but there have been only a few systematic studies focusing on this association. The IS6110 sequence identifies the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the HupB establishes the differences between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Our objective was to search the presence of IS6110 and HupB genes in aorta of patients with TA.
We analyzed aorta tissues embedded in paraffin from 5760 autopsies obtained from our institution, we divided the selected samples as cases and controls; Cases: aortic tissues of individuals with Takayasu's arteritis. Control positive: aortic tissues (with tuberculosis disease confirmed) and control negative with other disease aortic (atherosclerosis).
Of 181 selected aorta tissues, 119 fulfilled the corresponding criteria for TA, TB or atherosclerosis. Thus 33 corresponded to TA, 33 to tuberculosis (TB) and 53 to atherosclerosis. The mean age was 22 ± 13, 41 ± 19, and 57 ± 10, respectively. IS6110 and HupB sequences were detected in 70% of TA tissues, 82% in tuberculosis, and in 32% with atherosclerosis. Important statistical differences between groups with TA, tuberculosis versus atherosclerosis (p = 0.004 and 0.0001, respectively) were found.
We identified a higher frequency of IS6110 and HupB genes in aortic tissues of TA patients. This data suggests that arterial damage could occur due to previous infection with M. tuberculosis.
Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare primary vasculitis with a chronic inflammatory course , in most cases clinical diagnosis is established in advanced stages of the disease [2, 3]. It is more frequent in women younger than 40 years [4, 5].
TA pathology is found in the vessel wall at the adventitia, inflammatory changes start in the vasa vasorum (vasa vasoritis) and the inflammation progresses from the adventitia to the intimae characterized by mononuclear infiltration and poorly defined granulomas which dominate in the middle layer. The intimae (the endothelium) remain normal for a long time, until it is altered by atherosclerosis .
It has been postulated that the progressive inflammation in the aorta of TA patients can be due to a chronic infectious process .
Tissues, in their interaction with pathogens, produce responses mediated by immune mechanisms with or without infectious disease development. Occasionally, after an infectious disease has been resolved, there are pathological conditions linked to the immune response by diverse mechanisms, among these the ones which stand out are molecular mimicry and diseases induced by equivalent mechanisms when there is tissue damage and probable release of "neoantigens" [8, 9].
For more than five decades, a possible association of TA with tuberculosis-mediated infection has been proposed, because tissue injuries in both diseases show similarities. Cutaneous lesions similar to the nodose erythema or Bazin's erythema induratum have been found in TA .
On the other hand, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis there can be arteritis in the vessels near the cavitations, such as the Rasmussen aneurysm , tuberculosis, pseudo aneurysms, aortic and vascular damage secondary to abdominal tuberculosis similar to that found in TA, which have been discovered during surgical procedures and usually worsen prognosis [12, 13].
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by a bacteria (from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, >bovis > africanum complex). Fourteen different species have been reported to infect humans, but only M. bovis and M. tuberculosis have been completely related with humans; the presence of the other species could be related with a specific phenotype of the disease .
Only in a fraction, 5 to 10%, of the infected persons develop the tuberculosis disease, in the rest of the cases the infection is latent, and only, under immune deficiency conditions, the disease is expressed, with the pulmonary site being the most common. Extrapulmonary type involvement can occur through the hematogenic pathway and this infection is frequently found in lymphatic ganglia, serosa, pleura, peritoneum, brain, kidney, bone, and skin [15–17].
The behavior of this Mycobacterium is still unknown, but its evasion strategies inside the host are well known, which allows the pathogen to reach other tissues with varying clinical expressions . The DNA of M. tuberculosis persists in normal pulmonary tissue during latent infection; therefore it has been proposed to search for its DNA in tissues, where its presence could indicate a latent state, leading to the search of new elimination strategies .
Analysis of the IS6110 sequence was described for the first time in M. tuberculosis in 1990 [20, 21]. This sequence is also present in the genome of other members of the M. tuberculosis complex , suggesting that the IS6110 insertion element is an ancestral precursor of the microorganism; hence, the technique allows for gene differentiation [23, 24]. Previous assays to differentiate the C terminal region of the HupB gene in M. tuberculosis (Rv2986c) and M. bovis (Mb3010c) have yielded good results  and the usefulness of the test has been confirmed .
Morbidity and mortality due to TA occurs in young people at their productive stage. Although there is histological evidence suggesting an association with tuberculosis, the results remain controversial; therefore, improved research strategies are needed to define the possible involvement of infection in the arterial damage.
Our objective was to identify and compare specific sequences of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in aortic tissues embedded in paraffin obtained from autopsies of patients with TA, tuberculosis, and atherosclerosis.
We reviewed the autopsy files of the Pathology Department in search of cases of autopsy with TA, and controls with TB (pulmonary and extra pulmonary) reported positive with culture of secretions or tissues, for the given case, and cases with diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
After localizing the files of each disease group these were verified with the clinical files searching for clinical and laboratory data that would support without doubts the diagnoses of each group as established in the autopsies to define the phenotype of the TA cases and of the control groups.
The arterial lesion was classified according to Hata et al. who suggested five types of vessel damage involved: type I (aortic arch branches), type IIa (ascending aorta, aortic arch and his branches), type IIb (ascending aorta, aortic arch and his branches, thoracic descendent aorta), type III (thoracic descendent aorta, abdominal aorta and/or renal arteries), type IV (abdominal aorta and/or renal arteries), and type V (combine characteristics from type IIb and IV) and if there is coronary or pulmonary lesion the letter C or P is added  (Table 1).
Development of symptoms or findings related to Takayasu's arteritis at age <40 years.
Development and worsening of fatigue and discomfort in muscles of one or more extremity while in use, especially the upper extremities.
Decreased pulsation of one or both brachial arteries.
Difference of >10 mmHg in systolic blood pressure between arms.
Bruit audible on auscultation over one or both subclavian arteries or abdominal aorta.
Arteriographic narrowing or occlusion of the entire aorta, its primary branches, or large arteries in the proximal upper or lower extremities, not due to arteriosclerosis, fibro-muscular dysplasia, or similar causes: changes usually focal or segmental.
From the clinical files, data on classification criteria, gender, age, contact or exposure to patients with tuberculosis, origin from an endemic zone (site known in Mexico as prevalent for tuberculosis), symptomatology, evolution, time of the illness, and cause of death were extracted.
TA cases, those with more than four ACR criteria, controls with tuberculosis, tissue cultures and confirmed bacilloscopy. Atherosclerosis control with, histopathology-confirmed findings and the presence of atheroma in the intima layer type I, II and III according to American Heart Association.
We searched for those autopsy files with well described macroscopic and microscopic findings. Once the cases and controls were identified, we searched for the aortic tissue blocks and analyzed their storage conditions; those selected were sectioned with a microtome and to prevent any possible contamination with the microtome blade, this was aseptically cleaned with octane and 100% alcohol before and after cutting each sample.
Samples were blinded with a code, before being processed and analyzed by molecular biology experts, proceeding then with the deparaffinizing, and DNA extraction and amplification Figure 1.
There two cases one with Takayasu's arteritis and the other one with tuberculosis confirmed by culture. The nitrate silver stained amplification product of M. tuberculosis was electrophoreses on no denaturing 10% polyacrylamide gel. The 123 product obtained for M. tuberculosis is indicated by the arrows. a) Lanes: molecular size marker 123 bp for M. tuberculosis (MT) and 89 for M. bovis and; 1: DNA of bacillus of Mycobacterium in the aorta of case's code number 60; DNA H37Rv taken from cellular culture. Case of a woman of 12 years old with Takayasu's arteritis type I + C + P and low socioeconomic Level, with initial symptoms of palpitations. We found generalized aortic damage, located in the adventitia and she died to the 16 years; b) Case of a man of 18 years old, he had familiar with tuberculosis. He came to the Institute by dyspnea and he developed cardiogenic shock. He has extensive myocardium infarct and died.
The aortic lesion observed in the autopsy for the three groups is shown in the Table 2.
* vs** P= 0.04; OR= 3.06, CI 95% (1.00-9.52).* vs *** P= 0.02; OR= 3.13, CI 95% (1.16-8.59).
The DNA was obtained with a commercial kit (Illustra Nucleon Genomic, GE Healthcare). Briefly, 20 to 30 μm of paraffin embedded tissue, contained in a 1.5-ml assay tube, was covered with xylene to deparaffinize the tissue and incubated for 2 min, centrifuged, and xylene was removed. The tissue was rehydrated with successive ethanol (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) washings. Afterwards, proteinase K was added and the DNA was extracted with the Nucleon resin. The obtained DNA was stored at -70°C, until used.
To amplify the IS6110 sequence (123 bp) of M. tuberculosis, the primers IS6110 F (5'- CCTGCG AGC GTA GGC GTC GG-3') and R (5′-CTC GTC CAG CGC CGC TTC GG-3') were used . Briefly, for a 25 μl reaction, 10.7 μl of double distilled H20, 2.5 μl of buffer 10X, 1.5 μl of 25 mM MgCl2, 300 μM of each of the four deoxyribonucleotides, 0.125 μl of Taq polymerase (Invitrogen), and 400 μg DNA were added. The amplification cycle used was: 3 min at 95°C, 30 cycles each at 94°C-30 sec (denaturation), 63°C-30 sec (annealing), and 72°C for 1 min (extension), and finally one cycle at 72°C for 10 min.
The difference of 27-pb in the C terminal region of the hupB gene in M. tuberculosis (Rv2986c) and M. bovis (Mb3010c) was analyzed by nested PCR (N-PCR). In this case, the used primers were: N (5'-GGAGGGTTGGGATGAACAAAGCAG-3') and S (5'-GTATCCGTGTGTCTTGACCTATTTG-3') . For the N-PCR assay for the C terminal region of gene HupB, we used the following primers: F (5'-CCAAGAAGGCGA CAAAGG-3') and R (5'-GACAGCTTTCTTGGCGGG-3'). In this case, 5 μl of the PCR amplified product with primers N and S was used as DNA template for the nested PCR. Each reaction mixture (25 μl) for the N-PCR contained 1.25 mM MgCl2, 200 μM deoxynucleotide triphosphate, 0.5 μM of primers F and R, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.8), 50 mM KCl, 0.08% Nonidet P-40 and 1.0 U of Taq DNA polymerase. The reaction mixture was subjected to an initial denaturation at 94°C for 10 min and 35 cycles, each of 1 min at 94°C and an annealing and extension at 59°C and 72°C for 1 min, followed by an extension at 72°C for 10 min. Products were analyzed in a 10% polyacrylamide gel and stained with ethidium bromide and/or silver nitrate.
The expected sizes of the HupB sequences for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis were 116 and 89 bp, respectively. We included a double control to distinguish from mixed M. tuberculosis and M. bovis infection. In all the PCR we used a negative control, that is, the same reaction mixture except DNA, which was replaced by sterile water. Also, we used a positive control for the analysis a sample of Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis H37Rv) obtained from cell lines extracted from strains of M. bovis AN5 and M. tuberculosis HRv37, kindly provided by the Department of Cellular Biology of the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez" (Figure 1).
To evaluate the precision and fidelity of the test, we reviewed the results at two different time point's moments by the same molecular biologist and also evaluated the results through intra-observer and between inter-observer.
Tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Schiff's periodic acid, and Masson stain, and Auramine Rhodamina. The tissues were assessed by a certified pathologist, who assessed the presence of fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates.
We analyzed the size of the sample by calculating proportions, in which an alpha error of 0.01 and a power of 0.90 as well as a prevalence of extrapulmonary disease of 25% were considered, yielding a number of 33 per group.
An exploratory analysis of the data was performed. We estimated the proportions by categories for the qualitative variables and the central tendency measures and dispersion for the quantitative variables. A verification of the normality in the distribution of the latter variables by means of the Shapiro Wilk's test (p > 0.05) was made. Comparison among qualitative variables (gender, type of work, socioeconomic level, endemic zone, age at the time of diagnosis, previous or coincident tuberculosis disease in each group, type of tuberculosis, type of TA according to the Numano classification, antecedent of familial tuberculosis and cause of death) was performed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as needed. Comparison of quantitative variables (age at diagnosis and at time of death, time of disease evolution) among groups was performed by means of one-way variance analysis with the Bonferroni post hoc test.
The largest correlation will be identified between U1 and V1, the second largest between U2 and V2, as long as there is no correlation between U1 and U2, neither between V1 and V2; and the third largest correlation will be given between U3 and V3, and, as aforementioned, there can be no correlation between U3 and U1 and U2, neither between V3 and V1 and V2. These combinations are known as canonical variables.
The study protocol was in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, approved by the ethic committee of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez" and registered (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: 53248).
Informed consent was given by our Institution through Ethical Committee because patient's samples were obtained by autopsy. In this case, we presented the letter before to begin the study.
From a total of 5760 autopsies, 181 cases that complied with the inclusion criteria were selected; of these, two were eliminated because the samples had not been preserved adequately; in 20 not enough tissue was obtained to extract the DNA, in 24 no information on the clinical and laboratory studies was available, 10 more presented multiple co comorbilities, and 6 presented tuberculosis disease diagnosed before their admittance at the hospital. The final sample was of 119 tissues, 33 corresponded to Takayasu's arteritis according to the ACR criteria, 33 corresponded to tuberculosis, and 53 to atherosclerosis.
Ages of TA, TB, and atherosclerosis at the time of diagnoses were found with a median of 20 (range of 4-46), 41 (range of 8-70) and 56 (range of 40-90) respectively, the difference had statistical significance with (p = 0.001); the socioeconomic level was similar between TA and TB patients, whereas the atherosclerosis group tended to correspond to a medium to high socioeconomic level, but without statistical differences among groups. Table 3 depicts the demographic variables and the occupation of the patients.
* TA vs Tuberculosis or Atherosclerosis.** Atherosclerosis vs TA.
Classification of the TA cases revealed type V arterial lesion in 25 (76%), six of them had no coronary involvement; four were of type V + C; eleven of type V + C + P; and two corresponded to V + P according to Hata classification . Table 4 presents distribution of types I, II, and IV, time of disease evolution, and the cause of death associated to the arterial lesion and the average age at death.
First row indicate the type el lesion accord to Hata et al. + Coronary (C) or Pulmonary (P). Abbreviators in causes of death: CCF (Congestive cardiac failure), LV (Left ventricle), AMI (Acute myocardial infarction), TCRF (Terminal chronic renal failure), LVH (Left ventricular hypertrophy), TB (Tuberculosis), DCM (Dilated cardiomyopathy), SLE (Systemic lupus erithematosus), PTE (Pulmonary thromboembolism), PAH (Pulmonary arterial hypertension).
In this series, the main causes of death in TA was acute myocardial infarction in 8 (24%) and chronic renal insufficiency in 8 (24%) and of these cases, active disease was found in 75% and 87%, respectively and it was demonstrated by inflammatory infiltration in the microscopic analysis.
We found six TA cases, whose clinical records indicated that they had suffered from hemoptysis, and who until their death had no diagnosis of TB. The first case was a woman with hemoptysis, who's X-ray revealed a Ghon focus, and tuberculosis pericarditis was reported in the autopsy, the aorta had granulomatous injuries and inflammatory infiltrates in the adventitia. In the clinical interview she had informed of close contact with a relative having active tuberculosis. The second case corresponded to a 9-year-old boy who arrived at the emergency service with hypertensive encephalopathy and died. Stenosis of the left renal artery was described in the autopsy, and pulmonary tuberculosis lymphadenitis was found. The third case was a woman who had presented dysphonia, dyspnea, productive cough, and hemoptysis, angina pectoris, palpitations, and systemic arterial hypertension. The initial study revealed an aortic dissection, for which she was operated upon, but the ascending aorta was ruptured and she died due to massive bleeding. The fourth case corresponded to a patient complaining of hemoptysis and fever, the chest X-ray revealed a pulmonary nodule. He died due to a pneumonia complication acquired in his home town. For the other two cases with hemoptysis, autopsy did not report any tuberculoses lesion.
Three cases, in which pulmonary granuloma or Ghon focus was found, showed positive sequences of the mycobacterium gene in the aortic tissue; one of them, a 10 year old boy died from acute pulmonary edema. The autopsy also reported tuberculosis peri-pancreatic ganglia. The second case corresponded to a 12-year-old girl, who reached the hospital with congestive cardiac failure, anasarca, and was diagnosed with myocarditis. The third case died from bronchopneumonia acquired in his home town and presented hemoptysis, this case corresponds to one of the six aforementioned cases.
Each case report was classified and maintained with a code until the final analysis in which results were confronted with those of the gene study and histopathologic results.
Characteristics of the tuberculosis disease in these controls are shown on Table 5.
TCRF (Terminal chronic renal failure), PAH (Pulmonary arterial hypertension) AoR (Aortic regurgitation) CCF (Congestive cardiac failure), PTE (Pulmonary thromboembolism), VF (Ventricular failure), AMI (Acute myocardial infarction), SAH (Systemic arterial hypertension), ASCRV (After surgery of cardiac revascularization).
In these atherosclerosis control patients, 51 (96%) had arterial hypertension and were overweight, 93% coursed with dyslipidemia, 54% were active smokers; all had a sedentary life style. Also, the atherosclerosis patients had aneurismal disease, carotid disease and aortoiliac disease. The atherosclerosis was confirmed at the moment of the autopsy by the pathologist.
Time (in years) of storage of tissues was: for TA = 30 ± 11, for TB = 25 ± 11, and for atherosclerosis = 23 ± 9. The type of aortic tissue obtained during autopsy was from the abdominal aorta; the macroscopic damage at the time of autopsy was mainly described in the abdomen and in the whole aorta. The adventitia was affected most frequently (71%) in TA cases; controls with atherosclerosis showed an increase in atheromas in the intimae layer (86%) which is a common result in this disease.
Analysis of the autopsy tissues from the TA cases revealed macroscopic tuberculous injuries in the aorta and distant places such as lungs, peripancreatic site, kidney, complex Ghon, mediastinum, meningitis tuberculoses, pericardium and also tearing of aorta, which had not been identified previously when the patient was alive (Table 6).
The inflammatory infiltrate in aortic tissue in TA cases was observed in 73% vs. 33% of the controls with tuberculosis (p = 0.003) and 27% in the atherosclerosis controls (p = 0.000).
The inter-observer correlation in the detection of the IS6110 sequence had a Kappa value of 94%; whereas, for the HupB sequence this correlation was of 80%. Intra-observer concordance was of 90%.
IS6110 and HupB sequences that identify M. tuberculosis were detected in 82% of the tissues from tuberculosis patients and in 70% in those from TA patients; there were no statistically significant differences between these two groups, however they showed significant differences when compared to tissues of patients with atherosclerosis in which 32% were positive (p = 0.004). The characteristic sequence that identifies M. bovis was present in 45% of the tissues from tuberculosis patients. The presence of this sequence was similar in patient with tuberculosis, TA and atherosclerosis (Table 7).
Add: * Takayasu's vs Atherosclerosis.P= 0.001; OR= 4.87; CI 95% (1.73-14.0).* Tuberculosis vs Atherosclerosis. P= 0.0001; OR = 9.5; CI 95% (3.0-31.0).
On the other hand, in the TA subjects, during autopsy, tuberculous lesions adjacent to the aorta or in other sites were found in 16 subjects (48%). In twelve (75%) of these, positive sequences for IS6110 (suggests the presence of M. tuberculosis) were found, of these, in turn, eight were of pulmonary location, 3 were extrapulmonary, and one was both pulmonary and extrapulmonary.
In the group with tuberculosis, we identified 17 (51%) with pulmonary tuberculosis, 6 (18%) with extrapulmonary, 6 (18%) with both types, pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and 4 (12) with milliary. Both sequences (IS6110 and HupB) were identified in 13 samples with pulmonary tuberculosis (13/17 = 76%), in the 6 samples with extrapulmonary (6/6 = 100%), in 5 with pulmonary and extrapulmonary (5/6 = 83%) and in 3 with milliary (3/4 = 75%).
In the group with atherosclerosis, we found 10 (19%) tuberculous lesions distant from the aorta, 5 (9%) were in the lung, two of them were positive to both M. tuberculosis sequences, the other sites were negative.
The proportion of cases and controls originated from a tuberculosis-endemic zone was: 17 (52%) in TA, 19(57%) in the control group with tuberculosis and 37(69%) in the atherosclerosis group.
A bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the predisposing factors in relation to the presence or not of the sequences. The variables that resulted with statistical significance we included in a multivariate analysis model of canonical correlation.
Canonical correlation revealed a significantly high correlation between the first (0.8704) and second (0.6894) pair of canonical variables. Likewise, we identified lineal coefficients with statistical significance in the effect and explicative variables in both pairs of canonical variables. For the first pair, variables of type of tuberculosis, presence of the sequences of both genes, site of the aortic lesion, and presence of granuloma showed an inverse association with the socioeconomic level, the BMI, and the age stratum, and in the same sense with the exposure variable. For the second pair, only three variables kept coefficients with statistical significance, i.e., type of tuberculosis, presence of sequences of both genes, and site of the aortic lesion, the first two associated positively with exposure and age stratum, and the third variable showed an inverse association with these same variables. The canonical correlation reached 87% and the Wilk's Lambda test with an F = 0.0000; the Lawley Hotteling trace and Loy's largest root yielded the same statistical significance (Table 8).
In 1963, the TA cases presented by Nasu et al. were discussed, arguing that the histopathological findings were insufficient to warrant a possible tuberculous etiology ; however, this relation of tuberculosis with arteritis has been observed worldwide [31–34]. In Mexico, since 1971, it has been thought that it might just be a coincidence . Tuberculosis lesions located in distant regions from the damaged artery have been described by Rose , coinciding with our findings.
A high percentage of inflammatory infiltration was found in TA tissues as described before by Kerr  who found that 40% of cases with TA considered by the Physician without inflammatory activity on the clinical parameters and laboratory findings, the Pathologist found data of activity characterized by inflammatory infiltration, it is related probably with subclinical inflammatory activity. Our findings were higher than Kerr's findings with about 87%. The etiology of these findings is unknown however; our hypothesis is that could be due to increased autoimmune response, after previous stimulation with M. tuberculosis, or latent infection, with reactivation by immunosuppression.
We found tuberculosis lesions near and distant from the aortic tissue, which correlated with the findings of mycobacteria gene sequences.
Likewise, Sharma described autopsy cases in 1998, detecting TA in four patients and emphasizing that there was silent activity of the disease . After this report, case series have been published in which the relation is not clear and scarcely convincing, reinforcing the notion of coincidence [39–42]. In 1971, Sánchez-Torres reviewed 29 TA cases, and searched for a relation of the arteriopathies with tuberculosis; he described that 30% came from a rural zone and more than 50% from a low socioeconomic level. Clinical findings revealed that these patients had suffered from dermopathies and suppurative lymphadenopathy and tuberculosis was confirmed in two patients, while the Mantoux test had been positive in 18 cases . In another study, this author searched for a relation of Bazin's induratum erythema and nodose erythema with arteritis, from which he concluded that it was possible that the etiology of the dermal injuries were due to hypersensitivity to the tuberculous bacillus .
In a case report, Shimizu and Sano found a history compatible with tuberculosis, tuberculoid changes in the aorta or its branches have been found in isolated cases [43–46]. Other studies have reported convincing data of tuberculosis in up to 20% of TA cases , whereas in a more recent report scarce convincing evidence was found , whereas another report indicates that they occur simultaneously .
The widely proposed hypothesis that there is an infectious pathogen associated with the arterial damage, which can condition adjacent immune mechanisms prolonging the inflammatory response, independently from whether the pathogen persists or not in the affected tissue, has been controversial and could be due to the diverse methodological approaches.
The possibility of vasculitis in the aorta tissue of TA could be an extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, because it is well known that strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis evasion within the host, allowing invasion of different tissues results in great variability in the clinical expression of the tuberculosis disease [18, 48].
Only a fraction of the infected cases (5-10%) develop the tuberculosis disease, in the majority of them there is a latent infection for all their life and only in immune deficiency condition the disease could be expressed in different localizations -extra pulmonary and pulmonary, although the last one is more known [49, 50].
Other authors proposed that the genetic factor in the host could determine the activity and expression of the disease [51, 52], and also it was demonstrated that the mycobacterium has capacity to adapt in different host tissues during the progression, latency and reactivation of the disease . This adaptation is related with the identification of 13 factors sigma within M. tuberculosis and M. bovis genome which three of them were pointed to have capacity of response to ambient changes that probably occur during the adaptation of bacillus in the tissue the host where it has stayed .
Also it is known that in pulmonary tuberculosis there are vessel lesions located near the cavitations described as Rasmussen aneurysm , which is a form of arteritis in the wall of the cavitation that on numerous occasions causes hemoptysis. At the moment there are not many follow-up studies in patients with tuberculosis, in order to determine if they develop arteritris.
The prevalence of infections with M. tuberculosis in Mexico is unknown. However, according to official statistics in Mexico, in 2005, the pulmonary TB mortality rate was 3/100 000 inhabitants and the morbidity rate was 16.6/10 0000. However these numbers could vary depending of geographical zone, economic and cultural aspects in Mexico.
Currently, few systematic studies to resolve this controversy are underway, although the new diagnostic methods based on molecular tests to identify mycobacteria, used successfully since 1994, when Salo et al. identified M. tuberculosis in a preColumbian Peruvian mummy  and others groups  could be instrumental in resolving these controversies. The technique for the molecular study to identify the sequences of the M. tuberculosis complex in paraffin embedded tissues has been already used in other series, aimed at searching for variable length polymorphisms (RFLP′s) of the IS6110 insertion sequence, which were described in M. tuberculosis for the first time in 1990  and whose concordance degree with the PCR-RFLP technique has been greater than 90% .
The previous reports support our findings. Although we found 18% with negative sequence for IS6110, a possible explains is that not all TB patients had extra pulmonary tuberculosis and the samples analyzed were taken from aortic tissues. If the Mycobacterium tuberculosis found a stable site to develop it would not be required to move to other tissues.
In this study, we maintained blinded study protocol for the involved investigators, to diminish the inherent bias in the selection and to reach certainty and maintain internal validity of the results. The tissues were carefully evaluated before starting the study and they complied with the recommended requirements [58–60].
Finally, a multivariate analysis, which allows for the linear evaluation of the variables was included in this study, which confirmed the presence of IS6110 and HupB sequences associated to predictive factors already known for tuberculosis disease, as are exposure , low socio-economic level , and age, which, in this study, were strongly associated to the presence of the studied gene sequences.
The analysis of cases and controls coming from endemic zones of Mexico revealed a high percentage of positive sequences for both genes, and we found statistically significant differences among them, predominating in the groups with known tuberculosis disease. This allowed us to consider that it could be a predictive variable for tuberculosis disease. We do not have an explanation for the presence of these sequences of genes associated with M. tuberculosis in the aorta and the development of arteritis, but a probable hypothesis could be that the pathogen is able to evade the immune response  and that the aorta represents a highly oxygenated tissue allowing the bacillus to adapt to the stress generated in the host's tissue .
However, for the explanation regarding as to why arteritis could be an expression of a tuberculosis disease different from the known one, the answer could be that other factors are involved, such as the pathogen's virulence , susceptibility of the host , the anatomical site where it lodges in the aorta. To this regard, in the aorta there occurs diversity in thickness, and perfusion and also the cell composition is not the same along the aorta, which could be correlated with the diversity of the disease .
We identified the sequences of the genes associated with M. tuberculosis in tissues of the aorta from patients with Takayasu's arteritis. These results are significant and the lesions of the arterial disease of the patients could be a clinical expression of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Until now, the presence of a latent infection in TA is possible and cannot be discarded.
Regarding limitations of this study, it is known that bias can come up when performing retrospective analyses and searches; we lacked information on some variables of interest in both cases and controls, for example, if they have BCG vaccination and Mantoux test because these datas were not included in the files.
This study shows the presence of gene sequences associated with M. tuberculosis within the aortic tissue of TA patients and supports the possibility that arteritis results from a latent infection.
The results allow proposing new study hypotheses with respect to the pathogenesis of TA and could have important implications in the development of antituberculosis agents for therapeutic management, which would help in combating any latent infection by M. tuberculosis.
This work was supported in part by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Project number 53248-M/66782). The authors are grateful to the study participants.
The authors declare that they do have no competing interests.
MES Strategy desing, drafted the manuscript, obtained the tissue collection and the financial support, performed the statistical analysis. MDCAC and VS: Search, selection and analysis of tissues. VC and CH-G: Obtained the Mycobacterium DNA and molecular genes analysis. MV: Performed the statistical analysis. GV and PAR: Participated in the study design and helped draft the manuscript. NE-Z. Reviewed the English text and drafted manuscript. SHBCR.Technical assistant in the tissues and histological elaboration. RG: Performed the molecular analysis, participated in the strategy design and drafted manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Pantano Christian Church is hosting a free camp for children during the teacher strike.
Games, movies, snacks, lunch, and engaging activities are planned. Each child will be placed in an age-appropriate group with trained and screened adult supervision, according to a media release from the church.
Registration is limited to the first 240 elementary aged students.
*Future days are dependent on the situation and negotiations with the teacher walkout. Parents will be notified of future days.


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Showing 1 - 10 of 132 titles with a criteria of Subject is Performing Arts
Acting Blind
Takes audiences behind the scenes as a company of non-professional actors rehearse a play about life without sight. The performers have no problem imagining themselves in these roles: they are blind themselves.
Advertising Missionaries
Follows the mission of one theater company to bring the consumer revolution to the people of the highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Al Helm
An African American gospel choir goes to Palestine to sing in a Palestinian play about Martin Luther King, Jr. They become witnesses to life under occupation and a non-violent movement for justice.
Clarity Films | 2014 | 92 minutes
All That Bach
An international musical celebration of the music of J.S. Bach.
The Amazing Amy
Using humor and a love of fantasy, "The Amazing Amy" Harlib connects with audiences through performing strenuous yoga-based contortion acts in New York City. But behind the showmanship lives an incredibly lonely human being.
Anne Clark – I'll Walk Out Into Tomorrow
The film chronicles the work of the English poet and spoken word-artist Anne Clark. Shaped by punk she pioneered electronic music with her pre-techno classics "Sleeper In Metropolis" and "Our Darkness" and hugely impacted generations of musicians.
Deckert Distribution | 2017 | 81 minutes
Anonymous Artists of America
The psychedelic rock collective Anonymous Artists of America holds a performance at the University of Chicago.
Kartemquin Films | 1970 | 9 minutes
An Apollo Legend
One night a week, the stage at the Apollo Theater is an amateur's battleground, where performers have competed for stardom since 1934. Today, the legend of Ella Fitzgerald lives on in the hearts of those who pray for their own big break.
Beethoven's Hair
Traces the journey of a lock of Beethoven's hair, culminating in the scientific analysis that reveals Beethoven's medical secret.
The story of Hannah Senesh, a Hungarian poet who was captured by the Nazis while trying to rescue Jews in Hungary, including her mother


The giveaway associated with this update is INTERNATIONAL ONLY, but anyone can participate in the update.
It's time for the eighth update & mini-challenge! Here's your challenge: If you had bookshelves FULL of all of your favorite books, how would you organize them?
How I'm currently feeling: Feeling good! That last 2 hour period was the best for me. I'm heading out into town now to find some lunch, then I'll be back for more reading!
I'm MAJOR OCD when it comes to my books. I have to organize by author's last name and it has to be perfect. If there are more by the same author, I either organize them by the order of the series, or alphabetically by title.
If YOU participate in this update and mini-challenge, you will be entered to win any book of your choice under $15 from The Book Depository. Giveaway open anywhere the Book Depository ships.
If you want to link to your post, but do not want to be entered to win merely place two asterisks before your Mr. Linky entry.
This giveaway will only be open until the end of the read-a-thon.
It's fun to think about all those organized books I don't own!
I was confused about the contest and I already entered without checking first. You can just delete me off the linky.
Congrats to everyone that has been here since yerterday, i'll be visiting all of you!
I do my bookshelf the exact same way. It makes it so much easier!


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The Virginia Pork Industry Board was established to manage state check off funds and governed by Commonwealth Code §l 3.2-2000 et eq. The mission of this board was to plan and conduct programs, education, and research relating to the Virginia pork industry with primary emphasis on programs designed to increase the efficient production of slaughter hogs and feeders pigs in the Commonwealth.
The Virginia Pork Industry Board consists of 12 members representing the principle pork producing areas of the state, and are appointed by the governor. At least seven members shall be pork producers. Board members are appointed to four-year terms and, no board member is eligible to be appointed for more than two successive terms.
The Virginia Pork council is the newly created and recognized entity in Virginia that receives Pork Checkoff Funds from the National Pork Board. Federal law supersedes the state with regard to the Pork board. State funds will be collected or dispersed unless the federal Checkoff is dissolved or the industry moves to reinstate state collections.
Board members of the Virginia Pork Council and the current Pork Industry Board felt it was in the best interest of the industry to maintain the Pork Industry Board and their section of CODE for the sole purpose of being able to reinstate the collections and the mandatory program be suspended. The executive director of the Virginia Pork Council is the primary contact and responsible for carrying out the necessary directives to maintain the Pork Industry board.


Installation was simple and quick.
This bronze unit is attractive and very sturdy. Very good qaulity!
This items was exactly as described. Looks beautiful and compliments the bath.
The finish is really nice and it fits perfect up above the toilet.
This is sturdy and well made, but I wish it was smaller.


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Miejscowości w USA:
 Pleasant Run – jednostka osadnicza w stanie Ohio, w hrabstwie Hamilton
Gminy w USA:
 Pleasant Run (ang. Pleasant Run Township) – gmina w stanie Indiana, w hrabstwie Lawrence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia