Writing quines is hard. Why not have your computer write them for you!
Your program will take as input an interpreter (in a Turing complete language of your choosing) for a language X, and you will output a quine in language X.
Language X is guaranteed to be Turing complete (you do not need to check this (it would be impossible to do so anyways)).
Due to some issues that jimmy23013 raised in the comments, I'll also guarantee that the language has a quine.
A quine for the purposes of this challenge is a program that outputs its own source code when given no input.
Go through every possible program, running them all in parallel or via Dovetailing. Throw out programs that cause errors. Whenever a program outputs its own source code, you are done. Since every Turing complete language has at least one quine, this is guaranteed to eventually return a result.
This is code golf, so the shortest answer wins!
Browse other questions tagged code-golf quine interpreter or ask your own question.


Pump up the gold story. Get your friends to tell retail investors to buy some gold every month. Get your buddies in the financial business to offer exchange traded gold funds (ETFs) that claim to buy physical gold. This will sound safe to retail investors, but in fact, the ETFs are very risky. This will serve your purpose when you are ready to start a panic. These particular ETFs will allow the "gold" to be commingled with the custodian's gold, and the custodian can lease out the gold. Moreover, the "gold" custodian can give it to a sub custodian that the manager doesn't know. The sub custodian can give it to yet another sub custodian unknown to the original custodian. The manager will never audit the gold, and the gold is not "allocated" to a particular investor. Since this is an "exchange traded" gold fund, investors will probably assume the gold is regulated by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), but it isn't. By the time investors wake up to the probability that there is very little actual gold backing their investment, your plan will be ready to execute.
Step 3: Book up all of the space at gold refiners, so that no one else can do it. Buy as many gold mines as possible.
Step 4: Create credit derivatives contracts that give you the option to ask for your pay-off in gold.
Step 5: Pick the future month to make your big move. You will go long gold futures and demand physical delivery.
Step 6: Secretly and habitually start making some large early purchases in non-U.S. markets. That way, when the U.S. markets open, gold should follow the upward trend.
Step 7: The bullion banks and dealers that have hedged their physical gold with short positions will now be squeezed and have to make margin calls. Offer to cancel some of your forward contracts in exchange for early delivery of gold. This will temporarily relieve the bullion dealers' pain on their short positions, and give you control over even more of the gold supply.
Step 8: You and you friends have pinched off the gold supply and control most of the free gold supply having locked it up in your own vaults and warehouses. You are all long a lot of futures contracts, and you will all demand physical delivery. You now have the naked shorts exactly where you want them.
Step 9: Rely on bankruptcy and bailouts to get what you want. Normally, you would be afraid that you would never get paid, because your demands would bankrupt the naked shorts. But the naked shorts are likely to be unwary hedge funds or other sophisticated investors, and no one cares if you bankrupt them. Other naked shorts are likely to be the bullion banks, and they are all being bailed out by the Central Banks who will lend them what little gold they have left and then beg the IMF for whatever they have.
China is a wild card. If it is not part of your scheme and decides to lend its gold, it could dampen your profits or even upset your short squeeze. But China may not want to help out your victims. Why should they? If China buys enough gold mines and increases its reserves enough, it may be in its interest to befriend you. Your combined ownership will have made the futures markets irrelevant. Together you will not only have cornered the gold market, you will have cornered gold.
Note: This post was shortened and adopted from a longer article distributed by Tavakoli Structured Finance, "How to Corner the Gold Market," March 30, 2010.
* The Hunt brothers used a similar earlier strategy in an attempt to corner the silver market in 1979-80 as recounted by Stephen Fay in The Great Silver Bubble (Coronet, 1982).
Janet Tavakoli's book on the causes of the global financial meltdown and how to fix it is Dear Mr. Buffett: What an Investor Learns 1,269 Miles from Wall Street.


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org.apache.poi.hssf.record.chart

Class ObjectLinkRecord

java.lang.Object

org.apache.poi.hssf.record.RecordBase

org.apache.poi.hssf.record.Record

org.apache.poi.hssf.record.StandardRecord

org.apache.poi.hssf.record.chart.ObjectLinkRecord

public final class ObjectLinkRecord
extends StandardRecord

Links text to an object on the chart or identifies it as the title.

Author:

Andrew C. Oliver (acoliver at apache.org)

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type
Field and Description

static short
ANCHOR_ID_CHART_TITLE

static short
ANCHOR_ID_SERIES_OR_POINT

static short
ANCHOR_ID_X_AXIS

static short
ANCHOR_ID_Y_AXIS

static short
ANCHOR_ID_Z_AXIS

static short
sid

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

ObjectLinkRecord()

ObjectLinkRecord(RecordInputStream in)

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

java.lang.Object
clone()

short
getAnchorId()

Get the anchor id field for the ObjectLink record.

protected int
getDataSize()

short
getLink1()

Get the link 1 field for the ObjectLink record.

short
getLink2()

Get the link 2 field for the ObjectLink record.

short
getSid()

return the non static version of the id for this record.

void
serialize(LittleEndianOutput out)

Write the data content of this BIFF record.

void
setAnchorId(short field_1_anchorId)

Set the anchor id field for the ObjectLink record.

void
setLink1(short field_2_link1)

Set the link 1 field for the ObjectLink record.

void
setLink2(short field_3_link2)

Set the link 2 field for the ObjectLink record.

java.lang.String
toString()

get a string representation of the record (for biffview/debugging)

Methods inherited from class org.apache.poi.hssf.record.StandardRecord

getRecordSize, serialize

Methods inherited from class org.apache.poi.hssf.record.Record

cloneViaReserialise, serialize

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

sid

public static final short sid

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ANCHOR_ID_CHART_TITLE

public static final short ANCHOR_ID_CHART_TITLE

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ANCHOR_ID_Y_AXIS

public static final short ANCHOR_ID_Y_AXIS

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ANCHOR_ID_X_AXIS

public static final short ANCHOR_ID_X_AXIS

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ANCHOR_ID_SERIES_OR_POINT

public static final short ANCHOR_ID_SERIES_OR_POINT

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ANCHOR_ID_Z_AXIS

public static final short ANCHOR_ID_Z_AXIS

See Also:

Constant Field Values

Constructor Detail

ObjectLinkRecord

public ObjectLinkRecord()

ObjectLinkRecord

public ObjectLinkRecord(RecordInputStream in)

Method Detail

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

Description copied from class: Record

get a string representation of the record (for biffview/debugging)

Overrides:

toString in class Record

serialize

public void serialize(LittleEndianOutput out)

Description copied from class: StandardRecord

Write the data content of this BIFF record.  The 'ushort sid' and 'ushort size' header fields
 have already been written by the superclass.

 The number of bytes written must equal the record size reported by
  RecordBase.getRecordSize()} minus four
  ( record header consiting of a 'ushort sid' and 'ushort reclength' has already been written
  by thye superclass).

Specified by:

serialize in class StandardRecord

getDataSize

protected int getDataSize()

Specified by:

getDataSize in class StandardRecord

getSid

public short getSid()

Description copied from class: Record

return the non static version of the id for this record.

Specified by:

getSid in class Record

clone

public java.lang.Object clone()

Overrides:

clone in class Record

getAnchorId

public short getAnchorId()

Get the anchor id field for the ObjectLink record.

Returns:

One of
        ANCHOR_ID_CHART_TITLE
        ANCHOR_ID_Y_AXIS
        ANCHOR_ID_X_AXIS
        ANCHOR_ID_SERIES_OR_POINT
        ANCHOR_ID_Z_AXIS

setAnchorId

public void setAnchorId(short field_1_anchorId)

Set the anchor id field for the ObjectLink record.

Parameters:

field_1_anchorId - One of
        ANCHOR_ID_CHART_TITLE
        ANCHOR_ID_Y_AXIS
        ANCHOR_ID_X_AXIS
        ANCHOR_ID_SERIES_OR_POINT
        ANCHOR_ID_Z_AXIS

getLink1

public short getLink1()

Get the link 1 field for the ObjectLink record.

setLink1

public void setLink1(short field_2_link1)

Set the link 1 field for the ObjectLink record.

getLink2

public short getLink2()

Get the link 2 field for the ObjectLink record.

setLink2

public void setLink2(short field_3_link2)

Set the link 2 field for the ObjectLink record.

Overview

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                Copyright 2014 The Apache Software Foundation or
        its licensors, as applicable.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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(a) Except as provided in §45.22, no person may operate a U.S.-registered aircraft unless that aircraft displays nationality and registration marks in accordance with the requirements of this section and §§45.23 through 45.33.
(b) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may place on any aircraft a design, mark, or symbol that modifies or confuses the nationality and registration marks.
(3) It is marked temporarily to meet the requirements of §45.22(c)(1) or §45.29(h) of this part, or both.


text:
Acting to win
….I think that the left needs to stop feeling like a perennial loser and start acting more like the obvious winn[ing] choice.
Talking strategically
I think that we…[talk so much] about tactics that we don't ever talk about strategy
Plugging into radical politics
…I think that our strategy right now should be to be talking to people about what's fucked about the system that we live in….[How] are you going to plug people into radical political movements?
The meaning of 'radical'
…from our most individual and most intimate and personal relations all the way up to the most impersonal and macro social relations there's something wrong here and that it's a change at all levels that's going to be required…
Radical dialogue
…I think the left is the weakest it's ever been since the rise of capitalism in a lot of ways.
The limits of telling a better story
…we rankle at the idea of simplifying things for good reasons.
Connecting struggles
[I spend] a lot of time networking with people and trying to be inspired by others…
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21/04/2018 · wikiHow is a wiki similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are written collaboratively. To create this article, 24 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it …... Mobile phones and lightning The claim that mobile phones are a risk when used in a storm is misleading. According to safety authorities, somebody who is outside increases their risk of being struck if they are on high ground, in an open space, near water or near large metallic structures or trees.
Mobile phones and lightning The claim that mobile phones are a risk when used in a storm is misleading. According to safety authorities, somebody who is outside increases their risk of being struck if they are on high ground, in an open space, near water or near large metallic structures or trees. how to get rid of bikini hair bumps Mobile phones and lightning The claim that mobile phones are a risk when used in a storm is misleading. According to safety authorities, somebody who is outside increases their risk of being struck if they are on high ground, in an open space, near water or near large metallic structures or trees.
We've already given you some information on Mobile Strike, and offered some tips and tricks for general use that could help you get farther in the game.
Download this app from Microsoft Store for Windows 10 Mobile, Windows Phone 8.1. See screenshots, read the latest customer reviews, and compare ratings for CS:GO Stats. See screenshots, read the latest customer reviews, and compare ratings for CS:GO Stats.


In this defense drill, offense learns to bunt a runner over, while the defense learns to work together to execute good bunt defense.
Infielders set up at their positions.
Batter steps into the batter's box.
Offense tries to advance the runner to second with a bunt. Defense tries to get the lead runner and the double play if possible.
This drill is offense versus defense – first one to 10 points wins.
Offense scores a half point if batter bunts runner to second.
If runner is safe at second and batter is safe at first the offense earns a full point.
Also if pitcher throws a "ball" that is not buntable it is a point for the offense.
The defense scores a point if the pitcher throws a strike that is either not bunted or bunted foul.
They also earn a point if they get the runner out at second. If they turn a double play they get two points.
Up the competitiveness and pressure even more by requiring the losing team to run.


Fine libraries exist with public funds, but it is through private funds that they flourish!
The Libraries of Stevens County Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Washington state, formed for the purpose of supporting and enhancing library programs and services. The Foundation serves the entire library district and manages monies in a collective and productive way for the benefit of all libraries of Stevens County, Washington. The Foundation Board is comprised of representatives from area Friends groups and people who are passionate about libraries.
"A library is more than a brick and mortar building filled with delicious books. It is also a community of people who live to invest in our youth, who read for knowledge and fun, and who are ready to include anyone who walks through the door."


First and foremost, I am a Science Fiction fan. I have always been an illustrator but it was not until 1984 that someone noticed. I have had dozens of blueprint sets and books published by New Eye Studio back in the 1980's and 90's (now merged with www.intergalactictrading.com ). I took several years off to focus on family but could not abandon the pencil completely. I joined eBay in 2002 as a way to offer my self-published works and re-issues of older material. It has been a pleasure to connect with over 2,000 fans who share my love for BabTrek1999Wars.
I own the domain name for Starbase79.com and AlphaControlPress.com, and use those sites to show examples of my work and offer links to various auction sites and other illustrators. It is my goal to have a generous helping of information available on this website and, if you see anything you like, conduct all ecommerce through eBay or other auction venues. (It should be noted in order to avoid confusion that I have no affiliation with the defunct publishing house that went by the name "Alpha Control Press".) I chose the name Starbase 79 because I designed and had published a set of blueprints many years ago by that name.
My works have been published and sold through various outlets for over 24 years; many of these outlets now have stores on eBay (Intergalactic Trading, Starbase Atlanta, etc.).


Most previous evolutionary studies of influenza A have focused on genetic drift, or reassortment of specific gene segments, hosts or subtypes. Pinsent, et al. (2015) conducted a systematic literature review to identify reported claimed reassortant influenza A lineages with genomic data available in GenBank, to obtain 646 unique first-report isolates out of a possible 20,781 open-access genomes.
Despite unavoidable biases (publication, database choice and upload propensity) the researchers say these results synthesize a large majority of the current literature on novel reported influenza A reassortants and are a potentially useful prerequisite to inform further algorithmic studies.


I had a blast spending this afternoon with Shelley, Mark, and their family. It was so much fun hanging out with Kaiser, Bella, and CeCe and enjoying their antics. We had a beautiful setting and an even more beautiful fall day to work with, and I'm really excited to get to work on Shelley and Mark's shots.


Ghana will host Water Africa and West Africa Building & Construction Exhibition and Seminars from June 22 to June 24, 2016 at the Accra International Conference Centre.
A statement issued by African Conferences & Exhibitions Limited (ACE Event Management) and copied the Ghana News Agency said over 50 local and international companies have already shown their commitment to participate in the conference.
The statement said the event, is an internationally recognised trade show where exhibitors reach the key decision-makers from the water, wastewater and building and construction sectors in the West Africa region.
The event is endorsed and supported the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing; Association of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors; Chartered Institute of Building; Community Water and Sanitation Agency; Water Research Institute (WRI), and Ghana Contractors Association Council.
The rest are Ghana Institute of Architects; Ghana Institute of Engineers; Ghana Institute of Planners; Ghana Institute of Surveyors; Ghana Real Estate Development Association; Ghana Water Company; Water Research Commission, and the Foundation for the Development of Africa.
It urged both local and international companies to contact the organizers on their website www.ace-events.com for a detailed brochure, floor plan and application form or simply to request a free invitation. Click HERE for more information.
"Call for papers - please note that the deadline date for submission is March 31, 2016. Details of the topics to be discussed can be found on our website," it added.
As part of the celebrations marking this year's independence celebration, the Living Streams International (LSI) is organizing a Made-in-Ghana Show/Sales.
This event will feature a wide array of products and services that are Ghanaian made.
Venue: Living Streams International, located in Tseaddo, behind the Ghana Trade Fair.
Ghanaians are preparing to celebrate 59 years of independence from colonial rule.
This year's celebrations fall on a Sunday. The main celebration here in Accra will be held at the Independence Square.
May the spirit of nationalism that filled the hearts of the people of this country, as we celebrated the end of colonial rule and awaited the dawn of independence fill the heart of every Ghanaian.
The west African nation of Ghana will turn 59 in March 2016 and as part of celebrations, Koby Maxwell , a Ghanaian entertainer and artist based in the USA will be hosting his annual Ghana independence celebrations ball to commemorate the event.
Koby Maxwell begun the independence celebrations for Ghanaians living in the American Diaspora in the year 2013 as a display of his love for his country Ghana and to celebrate its exemplary leadership in Africa.
Ghana is the first sub-Saharan country in Africa to declare independence from British colonial rule on March 6, 1957.
Koby Maxwell Productions (KMP), organizers of Ghana 59th Ball say it will happen from 9PM Eastern Standard Time on March 12-13, 2016 at the Friendship Center on 9055 Maier Road in Laurel, Maryland in the USA. KMP revealed to TheAfricanDream.net that the 2016 event will see Ghanaian born Nollywood actor Chris Attoh return as host for the occasion after he hosted the inaugural edition in 2013.
"Because of the growth we have experienced over the years, KMP is being joined by Vantage Firm, David PRO and Jah PRO to promote this year's event. We are also proud to have South African Airways , a multiple award winning airline and a Star Alliance member who now flies direct to Accra in Ghana from Washington Dulles as our official sponsor.
Special guests at the event will include Haitian actress Blondedy Ferdinand who is a 3 time Best Actress award winner in her island nation, Miss Africa USA 2015 winner Fatoumata Sy, and Betty G; the Ethiopian songstress.
Ghanaian celebrities Ama K Abebrese and Prince David Osei will also be there, as well as Cameroonian singer songwriter and rapper Naomi Achu among other guests within the African diplomatic and Diaspora community.
Organizers of the event are working hard to ensure that people attending, whether as guests, media or audiences will be offered a greater opportunity to learn more about the African entertainment and fashion industry, culture and history and how they are positively impacting the USA and beyond.
This year the event will highlight and award the efforts of African Women of Influence in the Community. Koby Maxwell will also use the event to release his latest music compilation titled "The Album". Tickets for the event are now available online .
Community consciousness, which refers to a community's level of awareness of its current social, economic and environmental situations. Like activeness, the level of consciousness varies across and within communities.
World change begins by adopting a community consciousness that recognizes we are One World and One People. From this place of understanding oneness, we make decisions in integrity with the benefit of all people and planet earth, the home we all share, in mind. For One Community we see 4 primary principles as foundational to the success of global community consciousness and successful implementation of our model: comprehensive sustainability, diversity, open source sharing, and an efficiency model.
The event is in LIFE-MAC's way of participating in Global Partnerships Week 2016 to foster, support, and highlight the impact of cross-sectorial collaboration.
It will be a great knowledge sharing, networking and life changing opportunity.


A glyphward is a prayer, written in the form of glyphs, that is used in Vorinism. Glyphwards can be as short in length as a single glyph, or as long as several glyphs strung together. They do take some skill to draw well and neatly, so a person who can draw glyphwards calligraphically well is considered to have an impressive ability. After a glyphward is created, whether through drawing or sewing it into cloth, it is burned to send the soul of the prayer to the Almighty. If the prayer fails to be answered, it is simply treated as his will. In addition to sending prayers to the Almighty, glyphwards often appeal to one of the Heralds, such as Jezerezeh'Elin, or to the Stormfather. Glyphs were also drawn on surfaces with burn ink, and then set on fire to burn a glyph onto something.
The prayers sent by glyphwards vary quite a bit. Some are burned before an action, such as a duel, for a blessing such as luck or success. Others are burned in a prayer of thanksgiving for some perceived blessing. Some glyphwards are commissioned to absolve sins, such as visiting the Nightwatcher. When a person dies or is in danger, his or her wife or daughters will create glyphwards to pray for that person. Glyphwards are also believed to be able to turn away evil.
On some occasions, glyphwards are not burned right away, or at all. A bride's prayer is a glyphward made up of a glyphpair. A woman who is to be married has it sewn onto her sleeve. After the engagement is formally announced, the prayer is removed and burned. Other times, a glyphward is simply sewn onto a person's sleeve in the event that they ever need it, in which case it would be burned. Some are simply worn for protection or good fortune, without ever needing to be burned. On occasion, Rosharans will even get tattoos of glyphwards.
When fire or flammable materials are not available, one may sketch a glyphward anyway, in hope that the Almighty will understand the supplicant's situation and accept the prayer. In place of burning the glyphward, the petitioner will bow her head reverently for ten heartbeats. Less formal prayers may also be simply traced with a finger to ward off evil.
Women are the only ones to typically make glyphwards, although both men and women make use of them. In addition to being homemade, glyphwards are often purchased from luckmerches or apothecaries, the latter of which will often decorate their shops with glyphwards. Ardents will also burn prayers to the Almighty, to help the people they serve.
More scientifically minded or more logical Rosharans deplore glyphwards as mere nonsense and superstition. Some wonder why, if the Almighty is omniscient, he needs to have a prayer burned to him before he can aid someone.


text:
The Chimera is a 1721 comedy play by the British writer Thomas Odell.

The original Lincoln's Inn Fields cast included Anthony Boheme as Lord Gracebubble, William Bullock as Selfroth, Christopher Bullock as Ninnyhammer, George Pack as Teartext and Anna Maria Seymour as Lady Meanwell.

References

Bibliography
 Burling, William J. A Checklist of New Plays and Entertainments on the London Stage, 1700-1737. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1992.
 Nicoll, Allardyce. A History of Early Eighteenth Century Drama: 1700-1750. CUP Archive, 1927.

1721 plays
Plays by Thomas Odell
West End plays
Comedy plays

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text:
Daughter of Earth and Water: A Biography of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley by Noel Gerson: A Book Review
Daughter of Earth and Water: A Biography of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Author: Noel Gerson
Genre: History, Nonfiction, Biography
Publisher: Endeavour Press
Source: Netgalley/Publisher in exchange for an honest review.
Synopsis: Mary Wollstonecraft was fifteen when, in 1813, she met the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
A disciple of Mary's famous father, the philosopher William Godwin (her mother was the great feminist Mary Wollstonecraft), Shelley himself was only twenty, though he was married and soon to be a father.
Mary and Shelley fell in love the next summer; and several months later they ran away together.
Thus began one of the most tragic, poignant, and, in all respects, brilliant relationships between a woman and a man that has ever been recorded.
Shelley went on writing the poetry that was to make him one of the immortals.
And Mary, as the result of a contest to see who could produce the best tale of the supernatural, wrote the classic Frankenstein.
She was nineteen when she completed Frankenstein, which was at first published anonymously because of the prejudice at the time against female writers.
Though they married in 1816, following the suicide of Shelley's wife, Mary and Shelley were for all their time together considered scandalous for their behaviour; in fact, they were both quite prudish and disapproved, for example, of the celebrated sexual exploits of their friend Lord Byron.
Their lives were dogged by tragedy: suicide in both families, the early deaths of their first two children, and, finally, the death by drowning of Percy Bysshe Shelley at the age of twenty-nine.
This is a story of love and of genius. Of faith and of rebellion.
Mary Shelley was one of the most remarkable and celebrated women of her time, and for all her happiness with her husband, life was not kind to her.
But she never went under, and her story is touching, real, inspiring.
My Review: Mary Shelley is one of England's beloved writers, whose famous work of Frankenstein has lived in popular culture since the day it was published and has never been out of print. However, aside that she wrote Frankenstein, and she married Percy Bysshe Shelley, I really did not know anything about her personal life. This fascinating biography not only recounts her fascinating life and her accomplishments, but it is she who helped make Percy Bysshe Shelley from a minor poet into a classic figure whose works we know and love today.
I did not know this, but Mary Shelley's early life was scandalous. She met Percy Shelley, who was already married, at fifteen. Eventually, they had a romantic affair and ran away to Europe with her stepsister, Claire, that shocked the eyes and and was condemned by England including their families. While their relationship was scandalous, the two remained faithful to each other and eventually married. They were a good match for each other for they were intellectual equals and understood and supported each other.
I felt that this was a very well-written and comprehensive biography. The author focuses more on Mary Shelley's personal life and her emotional struggles. I like how it discusses her strained relationship with her family. This biography also dispels the myths of Percy Shelley's infidelities, including his relationship with Emilia and Jane Williams. The author said that these relationships were not romantic but rather platonic. He focused on spiritual love, and they served as models of his poetry. He was still faithful and loyal to Mary Shelley.
Overall, this biography gives us a human portrait of the mastermind behind Frankenstein. While her life is filled with tragedy, she overcomes it to become a successful author. After the death of her husband, she continues to work hard to make sure that her husband and works were never forgotten. Daughter of Earth and Water chronicles Mary's life, her love, and her accomplishments as she faces many obstacles and tragedies. She has also met and been acquainted with many famous poets of her age, including Lord Byron. I recommend this book to anyone who is interested in the Romantic era, and about this fascinating woman whose works continue to inspire and captivate many readers to this day.
19th Century 5 stars Biography Book Reviews England Female Writer History Italy Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Noel Gerson Nonfiction
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It feels like it's below-zero in Sioux Falls today. To make it worse, the Minnesota Twins will be starting Spring Training in Fort Meyers, Florida where it's 65 degrees today.
I bet you wish you could watch the Twins in sunny Florida in four days. I know I do. So let's take a look at what we could expect from the Twins in 2015?
1. How will the new guy in charge do?
Minnesota has a new face at manager this year. Paul Molitor takes over for Ron Gardenhire. He's 58 years old and eclipsed more than 3,000 hits in his playing career with the Twins, Milwaukee Brewers and Toronto Blue Jays. Molitor was on the coaching staff last season with Minnesota.
Molitor will have a young and old roster to work with in Minnesota.
2. How will the Twins' free agent acquisitions fare?
Two free agents the Twins brought in were Ervin Santana (RHP) and Torii Hunter (CF).
I think Hunter's names rings a bell for Twins fans. He's 39 now and has spent the last two years in Detroit. Hunter has blasted 17 home runs in each of last two seasons. In 2013, he hit .304 and in 2014, he hit .286. Hunter should provide stability and depth for a young outfield that features Oswaldo Arcia, Aaron Hicks, Eduardo Nunez and Jordan Schafer.
The other free agent pick-up is Santana. And no he's isn't Johan Santana. However, Santana should step into the starting rotation for the Twins and provide quality innings. He is 32 and pitched for Atlanta last season. He was 14-10 with a 3.95 ERA and struck out 179 batters. Santana will join ace Phil Hughes, Kyle Gibson and Ricky Nolasco. Tommy Milone (who came over from the Oakland Athletics), Trevor May and Mike Pelfrey should battle for the fifth spot in the rotation.
3. Can Phil Hughes repeat his 2014 performance in 2015?
Hughes came from the New York Yankees and pitched phenomenal for the Twins last year. He was 14-10 with a 3.52 ERA and 1.13 WHIP. Most impressively, he struck out 186 batters and walked only 16.
4. How will Joe Mauer do in his second season as the Twins primary first baseman?
Mauer is 31 entering his 10th year with Minnesota (Wow, he's been with the Twins a decade!) He started 99 games at first base and 19 at designated hitter last year. In 455 at-bats last season, he hit .277 with four home runs, 27 doubles and had 55 RBIs.
Here's a fact. Did you know Mauer has never drove in 100 RBIs in a season? In 2009, he hit 28 home runs and had 96 RBIs.
5. Will Miguel Sano and Byron Buxton play in the Major Leagues in 2015 with the Twins?
Sano has now had a full year to recover from Tommy John surgery. He's on the Twins active roster currently. It would be smart for the Twins to start him in Rochester in AAA to let him get the feel for hitting and fielding again. In his last full season in 2013, he split time between High-A ball and AA ball.
Until he's ready, Minnesota can trot out Trevor Plouffe to the hot corner. Plouffe had a solid 2014 season, where he hit .258 with 14 home runs and drove in 80 RBIs.
As for Buxton, he had his season end early last year due to a concussion. He split time in High-A ball and AA in 2014. In Class A, at Fort Meyers, Buxton played in 30 games, and hit .240 with four home runs. In Class AA, at New Britain, he only played in one game.
If I was the Twins, I would start Buxton in Class AA and then watch his production. Perhaps a late season call-up will be store for him.
Vegas has the Twins odds at winning the World Series at 100/1. Last year, Minnesota was 70-92. I'll say the Twins win a few more games in 2015 and will be 75-87.
*This the third column by Sam Tastad. Every week, he will write about a local or professional sports topic. For story ideas, please email him at tastadsam@gmail.com. You can follow him on Twitter @samtastad.


text:
Q: Is there any utility in java to create power set from a set? I have a set ={1,2,3,4}. I want to create power set of this set. One way to create the power set is to take every element as binary(0/1) and print all possible combination.
I was thinking about some utility/library in java to do the same.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Despite technological advances and policy efforts, environmental problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, competition for energy resources, access to clean water, air pollution, and land degradation, remain fundamental challenges for human societies in the 21st century. To tackle these environmental challenges, an important goal of K-12 science education is to enhance environmental literacy—the ability of students to master scientific knowledge and practices that will prepare them to analyze, interpret, and evaluate critical issues in complex natural and human systems, in order to make responsible and informed decisions about the environment.
•	Submit a separate cover page including proposed title of the manuscript, author(s), affiliation(s), e-mail address (es), and telephone number(s).
•	Submit a proposal for blind review. The proposal contains a descriptive title, an abstract (maximum of 200 words), a main text (between 1000-1500 words), and references. References must follow APA style.
•	Submissions must be single-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 pt font.
October 27, 2017: Proposals for manuscripts due.
November 17, 2017: Notification of proposal acceptance.
March 30, 2018: First draft of the manuscript due.
September 14, 2018: Feedback by special issue editors.
October 26, 2018: Revisions due..
To be considered for this special issue, please submit a proposal via e-mail to one of the guest editors: Hayat Hokayem (h.hokayem@tcu.edu) and Hui Jin (hjin@ets.org).


text:
We're hiring a Communications Coordinator!
March 9, 2020 Job opportunitiesNo CommentsDesign Coordinator
APPLICATION DEADLINE: March 30th, 2020 at 11:59 PM.
Please submit a cover letter, CV, and multimedia portfolio in one PDF file to Sebastian Di Poi at executivedirector@safconcordia.ca.
Interviews will be conducted in the weeks of March 30th to April 3rd.
Applicants will be selected using pre-established criteria set by our Board of Directors Human Resources Committee.
1-year contract (April 2020 – April 2021), with the option to renew for a second year.
Hours and Remuneration:
15-18 hours per week with a starting salary of $17/hour. Coordinators receive a cost of living increase upon renewal of contract in addition to a performance increase up to 6% depending on peer evaluations.
About the Sustainability Action Fund
The Sustainability Action Fund (SAF) is a student-run fee levy group at Concordia University. The organization collects approximately $205,000 of revenues a year from undergraduate (25-cent-per-credit) and graduate ($1.25 per term) fee levies.
The majority of funding goes to support projects to develop social, environmental, and economic sustainability projects, with the long-term goal of inspiring and developing a culture of sustainability at Concordia University.
The Communications Coordinator will work closely with the SAF executive team and members of the Board of Directors to design, produce, and maintain promotional tools and strategies to mobilize students interested in or in the process of applying to the SAF. The Communications Coordinator will also create and share content to increase the visibility of SAF-funded projects.
In their position, the Communications Coordinator will:
Develop, design, and disseminate web and print communications promoting the SAF funded projects, the Sustainability Research Awards, and the Living Labs projects in the Concordia community
Attend SAF funded events to enhance visibility of the organization and create content for web distribution
Assist in the development of the organization's Strategic Directions
Generate and share multimedia content related to funding activities via our website and social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn & Youtube
Design, develop and provide technical support for the SAF website and the PDF application form
Develop the organization's tabling kit and engage with students during Fall and Winter orientation events, Sustainability Week, and other concordia community events
Establish relevant media contacts on campus (student newspapers, fee-levy groups, Concordia University Communication Services, etc.)
Assist in creating a culture of engagement and public support for the SAF by representing the organization on the Concordia Campus Engagement Sub-Committee and Fee Levy Advocacy Committee
Collecting month to month data on social media/web performance
Lead the Marketing Committee
Experience and knowledge using Adobe Creative Suite software (InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop)
Strong written and verbal communication skills in English (French is an asset)
Superior command of all major social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Youtube
Knowledge of Social Media planning tools
Experience with the WordPress CMS
Proficiency in coding HTML/CSS; working knowledge of PHP a strong asset
Experience assessing and determining content, standards, and processes for website management
Comfortable interacting with the public
Experience workingas a team player, yet independently motivated
Ability to balance multiple projects and maintain a flexible schedule
Ability to meet deadlines with strict attention to detail
Working knowledge of the Microsoft Office and Google Drive
Knowledge of social, environmental, and economic sustainability
Experience working in a non-profit environment
Familiarity with Concordia University community
Enrolled as Undergraduate/Graduate student at Concordia University
Studies focused on sustainability, design, community engagement, communications, and/or other areas in which this position would contribute to the candidate's learning
We're Hiring a Board Facilitator!
SAF's Annual General Meeting – Join our Board of Directors!
We're Hiring a Finance Coordinator!
The Black Lives Matter Movement is a Matter of Sustainability
In Support of Students in Residence at Concordia University
Internal projects


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import

from celery.contrib.abortable import AbortableTask, AbortableAsyncResult
from celery.result import AsyncResult
from celery.tests.utils import Case

class MyAbortableTask(AbortableTask):

    def run(self, **kwargs):
        return True

class test_AbortableTask(Case):

    def test_async_result_is_abortable(self):
        t = MyAbortableTask()
        result = t.apply_async()
        tid = result.id
        self.assertIsInstance(t.AsyncResult(tid), AbortableAsyncResult)

    def test_is_not_aborted(self):
        t = MyAbortableTask()
        t.push_request()
        try:
            result = t.apply_async()
            tid = result.id
            self.assertFalse(t.is_aborted(task_id=tid))
        finally:
            t.pop_request()

    def test_is_aborted_not_abort_result(self):
        t = MyAbortableTask()
        t.AsyncResult = AsyncResult
        t.push_request()
        try:
            t.request.id = 'foo'
            self.assertFalse(t.is_aborted())
        finally:
            t.pop_request()

    def test_abort_yields_aborted(self):
        t = MyAbortableTask()
        t.push_request()
        try:
            result = t.apply_async()
            result.abort()
            tid = result.id
            self.assertTrue(t.is_aborted(task_id=tid))
        finally:
            t.pop_request()


Online Reference is one of the richest, and most amazing resources available at the library. It is also one of the most underused. We, the library staff, are confounded by this paradox…now more than ever. You see, we have all just attended a staff training course to better familiarize us with the wealth of information available to library users on our website. What we discovered, or rediscovered, is that a wealth of surprising, informative, practical facts and services are freely and easily accessible there.
and so much more it would be impossible to list it all here.
We've been down this road before (it used to be called "Virtual Reference" and we've also referred to it as our "Virtual Branch," which is even less clear). Given that history, we know that our ideas about what to call it probably won't improve things much. We think a better plan is to ask you, our loyal customers, blog readers and Facebook fans. What do you think we should name this section of our website to make it more user-friendly? What would get people to actually click on the link?
Let us know your ideas for a new name for the Online/Virtual Reference section of our website. Please leave your suggestions in the comment section of this blog post, or on our Facebook page. To thank you for your help, if we pick your suggestion to be used on our website, you'll get your choice of either a 32GB USB flash drive, or a wireless mouse. Please get your suggestions to us by April 30, 2013.
*If you don't currently have a JJML password, click here to create one.


text:
Le guerre dei tre regni sono una serie di conflitti verificatisi in Scozia, Irlanda e Inghilterra tra il 1639 e il 1651, quale seguito del periodo del Governo Personale di Carlo I, il più famoso dei quali è la guerra civile inglese.

La denominazione di questi conflitti rappresenta una tendenza recente tra gli storici per unificare gli eventi aventi come causa di fondo la guerra civile inglese. Alcuni, come Gaunt o Plant, le hanno invece definite guerre civili britanniche, ma ciò porta confusione, in quanto il regno non divenne una singola entità politica sino all'Atto di Unione (1800).

Le guerre ebbero un parallelismo sul continente europeo — come la Fronda in Francia e la ribellione nei Paesi Bassi, Catalogna e Portogallo contro il dominio spagnolo. Alcuni storici descrivono questo come un periodo di crisi generale in Europa, caratterizzato dalla ribellione delle società conservatrici contro il potere assoluto delle monarchie.

Sinossi
Le guerre comprendono le guerre dei Vescovi del 1639 e del 1640, quella civile scozzese del 1644–1645, la ribellione irlandese del 1641, la confederazione irlandese (1642–1649) e la conquista cromwelliana dell'Irlanda nel 1649; la prima, seconda e terza guerra civile inglese del 1642–1646, 1648–1649 e 1650–1651.

Le guerre furono causate dalle tensioni tra il monarca ed i sudditi in materia di diritti civili e religiosi. Le dispute religiose vertevano sul fatto che la religione dovesse essere imposta dal monarca oppure potesse essere una scelta personale. Le questioni civili invece vertevano sui diritti del parlamento e sulla possibilità del re di imporre tasse e imposte senza il consenso del medesimo. In più vi erano anche elementi nazionalistici, come le ribellioni in Irlanda e Scozia contro la supremazia inglese nei tre regni. La vittoria del parlamento inglese - sotto Oliver Cromwell — sul re, sugli irlandesi e sugli scozzesi contribuì a determinare il futuro della Gran Bretagna come una monarchia costituzionale con un potere centrale a Londra.

Antefatti

L'unione personale dei tre regni sotto un unico monarca avvenne come uno sviluppo relativamente recente nel XVII secolo. Fin dal 1541, i monarchi inglesi avevano definito il loro territorio irlandese come regno (governato cioè con la partecipazione di un parlamento separato), mentre il Galles divenne più integrato nel Regno d'Inghilterra sotto Enrico VIII.

La Scozia, il terzo regno autonomo, passò sotto la sovranità di Inghilterra ed Irlanda quando re Giacomo VI di Scozia divenne anche Giacomo I d'Inghilterra nel 1603. Governare questi tre diversi regni si dimostrò difficile per Giacomo e per il suo successore Carlo I, specialmente quando quest'ultimo tentò di imporre l'uniformità della fede religiosa.

In effetti, riguardo ai problemi religiosi, le situazioni di ciascuna delle tre giurisdizioni erano diverse. Con la Riforma anglicana, il re Enrico VIII fece di sé stesso il capo protestante della Chiesa d'Inghilterra e mise al bando il cattolicesimo romano in Inghilterra ed in Galles.

Nel corso del XVI secolo il protestantesimo divenne intimamente associato all'identità nazionale in Inghilterra: il popolo inglese in generale vedeva il cattolicesimo come un nemico della nazione, specialmente come espressione della Francia e della Spagna.

In ogni caso il cattolicesimo rimase la religione della maggior parte del popolo irlandese e per molti di loro fu il simbolo della resistenza alla riconquista Tudor dell'Irlanda nel XVI secolo. Nel Regno di Scozia la Riforma protestante fu un movimento popolare guidato da John Knox. Il parlamento scozzese legiferò in favore di una chiesa nazionale presbiteriana, la Chiesa di Scozia, o "Kirk", e la cattolica Maria Stuarda, regina di Scozia, fu obbligata ad abdicare in favore del figlio Giacomo VI di Scozia.

Egli crebbe sotto una reggenza contesa tra fazioni cattoliche e protestanti, quindi salì al potere aspirando ad essere un "re universale", favorendo il sistema episcopale inglese nel quale i vescovi venivano nominati dal re. Nel 1584 egli nominò alcuni vescovi incontrando una opposizione energica e dovette concedere all'Assemblea generale della Chiesa scozzese di continuare a dirigere gli affari di religione come prima. I calvinisti reagirono contro la liturgia formale del Book of Common Order aumentando la tendenza verso l'improvvisazione delle preghiere, benché ciò trovasse l'opposizione della Chiesa episcopale scozzese.

Il confronto religioso in Scozia
Giacomo rimase protestante, avendo cura di mantenere le speranze di successione al trono inglese. Egli divenne Giacomo I d'Inghilterra nel 1603 e si trasferì a Londra. Le sue capacità diplomatiche e politiche si concentrarono quindi nel trattare con la corte inglese e con il parlamento inglese ed allo stesso tempo a guidare la Scozia scrivendo al Consiglio Segreto di Scozia ed a controllare il Parlamento di Scozia.

Egli mise il blocco alle riunioni dell'Assemblea generale Scozzese e fece passare i Cinque Articoli delle pratiche episcopali che furono largamente boicottate. Nel 1625 gli successe il figlio Carlo I che fu incoronato nella Cattedrale di St Giles ad Edimburgo nel 1633 con rito totalmente anglicano. L'opposizione ai suoi tentativi di imporre le pratiche religiose anglicane raggiunse il punto di accensione quando fu introdotto il Libro della preghiera comune. Il confronto di Carlo I con gli scozzesi giunse al culmine nel 1639, allorché Carlo tentò, e fallì, l'imposizione coatta con mezzi militari. In un certo senso questa rivolta rappresenta anche il risentimento degli scozzesi per essere stati messi da parte nella monarchia degli Stuart dall'ascesa al trono d'Inghilterra da parte di Giacomo I.

Inghilterra

Carlo condivideva la convinzione del padre nel diritto divino dei re, e tale convinzione condusse ad una seria frattura fra la Corona ed il Parlamento inglese. Mentre la Chiesa d'Inghilterra rimaneva dominante, una potente minoranza puritana, rappresentata da circa un terzo dei membri del Parlamento, aveva parecchio in comune con i presbiteriani scozzesi.
Il Parlamento inglese ebbe inoltre numerosi contrasti con il re a proposito di tasse, di spese militari e del ruolo del Parlamento stesso nella guida della nazione. Mentre Giacomo I aveva le stesse opinioni di suo figlio riguardo alle prerogative reali, aveva tuttavia anche abbastanza carisma per convincere il Parlamento ad accettare la sua politica. Carlo non aveva le stesse capacità nella gestione delle persone e così, di fronte alla crisi 1639 – 42 mancò nel prevenire la guerra civile nel paese. Quando Carlo chiese al Parlamento di finanziare una guerra contro gli scozzesi, esso rifiutò, si dichiarò in sessione permanente e presentò tutta una serie di lagnanze di carattere civile e religioso cui Carlo avrebbe dovuto porre rimedio prima che il parlamento approvasse qualsiasi nuova legge.

Irlanda

Nel frattempo, nel Regno d'Irlanda (proclamato tale nel 1541 ma pienamente acquisito alla corona nel 1603), la tensione aveva incominciato a salire. Il locale Lord Deputato di Carlo I, Thomas Wentworth si inimicò la popolazione cattolica locale con ripetute iniziative di confisca delle loro terre, che venivano assegnate a coloni inglesi. Egli si era anche attirato l'ira dei cattolici imponendo loro nuove tasse ma negando loro al contempo i pieni diritti soggettivi (Leggi penali irlandesi)
Questa situazione divenne esplosiva nel 1639, quando egli offrì ai cattolici irlandesi le riforme che desideravano in cambio del pagamento di maggiori imposte destinate a finanziare un esercito irlandese da utilizzare per soffocare la rivolta degli scozzesi. Benché i piani prevedessero un esercito cattolico con ufficiali protestanti, l'idea di creare un esercito cattolico irlandese, che molti videro come una misura tirannica, scandalizzò sia il parlamento scozzese che quello inglese, i quali in risposta, minacciarono di invadere l'Irlanda.

La guerra

Gli storici moderni hanno posto l'accento sulla «non inevitabilità» delle guerre civili, facendo notare che tutte le parti ricorsero alla violenza in una situazione di reciproca sfiducia e di paranoia. Il fallimento iniziale di Carlo nel far cessare rapidamente le guerre dei Vescovi fece anche percepire ad altri gruppi di scontenti, che per ottenere ciò che desideravano conveniva il ricorso alla forza.

Alienati dalla dominazione anglo-protestante e spaventati dalla retorica dei Parlamenti inglese e scozzese, un piccolo gruppo di cospiratori irlandesi lanciò la rivolta irlandese del 1641, apertamente a sostegno dei diritti del re. Si diffuse un crescente numero di assalti a comunità protestanti in Irlanda, che talvolta culminarono in massacri.

In Inghilterra ed in Scozia si diffusero voci che le uccisioni avevano l'avallo del re e che tutto ciò presagiva il loro destino se le truppe irlandesi del re fossero sbarcate in Inghilterra. Come risultato, il Parlamento inglese si rifiutò di finanziare un esercito del re per sedare la rivolta in Irlanda ed invece decise di crearne uno proprio. Il re fece altrettanto, radunando quei realisti (alcuni dei quali sedevano in parlamento) che credevano che la lealtà al legittimo sovrano fosse prevalente rispetto ad altri importanti principi politici.

La prima fase della guerra civile inglese scoppiò nel 1642. I covenanti scozzesi, come i presbiteriani si definivano, schierati con il parlamento inglese, entrarono in guerra nel 1643, e giocarono un ruolo determinante nella vittoria del parlamento inglese.

Le forze armate del re si trovavano a terra, quanto ad efficienza, rispetto al nuovo modello di esercito del Parlamento, sostenuto finanziariamente dalla City of London. Nel 1646 Carlo I si arrese. Non avendo egli accettato un compromesso con il Parlamento, il partito del Parlamento lo fece arrestare e Carlo I fu giustiziato nel 1649. In Irlanda i cattolici ribelli avevano intanto formato un loro governo, l'Irlanda confederata, con l'intenzione di aiutare i realisti in cambio di tolleranza religiosa ed autonomia politica. Truppe inglesi e scozzesi combatterono in Irlanda e l'Irlanda confederata organizzò una spedizione in Scozia nel 1644, scatenando la guerra civile scozzese. In Scozia i realisti conseguirono una serie di vittorie fra il 1644 ed il 1645, ma furono schiacciati con la fine della prima guerra civile inglese e con il rientro delle principali armate dei covenanti scozzesi.

Dopo la seconda fase della guerra civile inglese le forze del Parlamento vincitrici, ora al comando di Oliver Cromwell, invasero l'Irlanda ed annientarono le truppe dell'alleanza fra confederati e realisti con la conquista dell'Irlanda stessa nel 1649. L'alleanza fra Parlamento inglese e covenanti scozzesi si ruppe e gli scozzesi elessero re Carlo II. Cromwell in persona si impegnò nella conquista della Scozia dal 1650 al 1651. Al termine delle guerre, i tre regni emersero come uno stato unitario chiamato English Commonwealth, palesemente una repubblica, ma con molte caratteristiche della dittatura militare.

Cronologia degli eventi principali

 1637: Carlo I tenta di imporre il servizio religioso anglicano alla presbiteriana Chiesa di Scozia, Jenny Geddes da inizio ai tumulti
 1638: firma del National Covenant in Scozia
 1639: conflitto fra covenanti e realisti in Scozia, iniziato in febbraio con l'occupazione della città di Aberdeen da parte dei primi
 1639: Guerra dei vescovi: Carlo porta le truppe in Scozia ma invece di combattere decide di negoziare. Firma del trattato di Berwick (18 giugno)
 1640: Carlo convoca il parlamento per ottenere denaro con cui finanziare la sua campagna militare in Scozia. Il parlamento si dichiara d'accordo a condizione che Carlo accolga le loro lamentele relative agli 11 anni della sua gestione personale del regno (o tirannia): Carlo rifiuta e scioglie il parlamento dopo tre sole settimane.
 1640: la seconda guerra dei vescovi (o "Seconda Guerra dei covenanti") scoppia in agosto. In risposta al tentativo di Carlo di armare un esercito contro di loro, un'armata di covenanti (20.000 uomini) attraversa il fiume Tweed e sconfigge un esercito inglese (4.000 uomini) a Newburn (28 agosto) e marcia sulla città di Newcastle upon Tyne
 1640: il Trattato di Ripon (26 ottobre) lascia Newcastle in mani scozzesi, che ricevono anche un generoso tributo da Carlo. Questi non ha alcuna alternativa alla riconvocazione del Parlamento inglese per ottenere i fondi necessari. Il Parlamento si riunisce in novembre e rimane riunito, in una forma o nell'altra, fino al 1660
 1641: 23 ottobre, scoppia la rivolta irlandese del 1641 nell'Ulster, con violenza segnata da massacri di protestanti da parte di cattolici. I rivoltosi vincono una battaglia contro le forze della Corona a Julianstown Bridge presso Drogheda in dicembre
 1641: 1º dicembre, il parlamento presenta la Grande Rimostranza a Carlo, che viene vista [dai realisti, N.d.r.] una sfida all'autorità del re. Carlo si rifiuta di rispondere alle lagnanze che essa ha sollevato
 1642: i covenanti inviano un esercito protestante scozzese in Ulster per difendere gli insediamenti protestanti
 1642: Carlo entra alla Camera dei Comuni per arrestare cinque "traditori". La notizia del suo "assalto" al parlamento è causa di tumulti a Londra e il re lascia la città temendo per la propria vita. In sua assenza il parlamento approva la Legge sulla milizia che, in effetti, assume il controllo dell'arsenale di Londra e pone le compagnie della milizia (trainbands) sotto il proprio controllo e Carlo risponde nominando emissari incaricati di assumere il controllo delle altre milizie regionali in nome del re. Da questo momento entrambe le parti arruolano truppe e fanno incetta di munizioni.
 1642-1646: Guerra civile inglese (prima)
 1642: un'alleanza di cattolici irlandesi, irlandesi gaelici e Old English formano la Confederazione Cattolica, con sede a Kilkenny, che si riunì per la prima volta nel marzo dei quell'anno
 1642: 23 ottobre: Battaglia di Edgehill, primo scontro militare della Guerra civile, conclusosi con un nulla di fatto
 1643: armistizio dichiarato fra realisti inglesi e irlandesi confederati
 1643: 25 settembre: dichiarazione di alleanza fra il Parlamento inglese e i covenanti scozzesi, la  Solemn League and Covenant. Truppe scozzesi marciano in Inghilterra per sostenere i parlamentari inglesi

 1644: 2 luglio: Battaglia di Marston Moor, una grossa disfatta dei realisti inglesi contro parlamentaristi e scozzesi
 1644: Guerra civile scozzese iniziata dal realista scozzese Montrose, con l'aiuto delle truppe confederate irlandesi al comando di Alasdair MacColla, che comprendono anche le forze miste di scozzesi ed irlandesi del reggimento di Manus O'Cahan
 1645: il Parlamento crea il Nuovo modello di esercito

 1645: 14 giugno: nella battaglia di Naseby il nuovo modello di esercito annienta quello realista, ponendo di fatto fine alla prima Guerra civile inglese
 1645: il 15 agosto, James Graham, 1º marchese di Montrose, ottiene il controllo realista della Scozia con la battaglia di Kilsyth ma successivamente le armate dei convenanti, tornate dall'Inghilterra, lo sconfiggono nella battaglia di Philiphaugh (13 settembre 1645)
 1646: in maggio Carlo I si arrende ai covenanti scozzesi, che lo consegnano al parlamento inglese
 1646: in giugno, nella battaglia di Benburb, un esercito di confederati irlandesi al comando di Owen Roe O'Neill sconfigge i convenanti scozzesi in Ulster
 1647: nelle battaglie di Dungans Hill (agosto) e di Knocknanauss (novembre) le forze armate del parlamento schiacciano quelle confederate irlandesi rispettivamente di Leinster e Munster. Il re, intanto, si trova nell'isola di Wight, dopo essere fuggito dalla "detenzione" ad Hampton Court.
 1648-1649: seconda guerra civile inglese
 1648-1649: Pace di Ormonde, dichiarata formalmente l'alleanza fra Confederati irlandesi e realisti inglesi
 1648: con la battaglia di Preston (agosto), l'armata di una fazione di covenanti scozzesi (gli Engagers) invade l'Inghilterra per riportare sul trono Carlo I, ma viene sconfitta da quella dei parlamentari
 1649: 30 gennaio, esecuzione capitale di Carlo I disposta dal parlamento inglese
 1649: 2 agosto, nella battaglia di Rathmines le truppe dei parlamentari cacciano una forza irlandese-realista fuori da Dublino; 15 agosto, il nuovo modello di esercito sbarca in Irlanda ed ha inizio la conquista dell'Irlanda da parte di Cromwell
 1649: 11 settembre, Cromwell assedio di Drogheda, seguito da Wexford l'11 ottobre
 1650: Montrose tenta di lanciare una rinascita realista in Scozia ma i covenanti lo sconfiggono, lo arrestano e lo giustiziano
 1650: Carlo II giura in favore della Solemn League and Covenant del 1643 e del "National Covenant" del 1638, e ripudia la sua alleanza con i confederati irlandesi (in conseguenza di ciò gli scozzesi lo incoronano a Scone a Capodanno del 1651)
 1650: La terza Guerra civile inglese scoppia fra gli scozzesi ed il Parlamento inglese. Cromwell invade la Scozia e batte l'esercito scozzese nella battaglia di Dunbar (3 settembre)
 1651: Henry Ireton assedia Limerick

 1651: giugno, conquista delle Isole Scilly da parte dell'ammiraglio Robert Blake
 1651: 3 settembre, la sconfitta di Carlo II e degli scozzesi a Worcester chiude la terza guerra civile inglese. Carlo II va in esilio in Francia
 1652: resa dell'ultima roccaforte irlandese a Galway (ma la guerriglia continua)
 1653: resa delle ultime truppe organizzate a Cavan.
 1654: fine della insurrezione realista 1651-1654 in Scozia

Conseguenze

Mentre le guerre dei tre regni prefiguravano molte delle occasioni che avrebbero dato forma alla moderna Gran Bretagna, nel breve termine esse risolsero ben poco. Il Commonwealth of England raggiunse un compromesso (per altro piuttosto instabile) fra la monarchia e la repubblica. In pratica Oliver Cromwell esercitava poteri politici grazie al controllo delle forze militari del parlamento inglese, ma la sua posizione politica rimase poco chiara, anche quando era divenuto Lord Protettore. Nessuna delle molte costituzioni proposte entrò mai in vigore. Perciò sia il Commonwealth che il protettorato stabiliti dal Parlamento vittorioso lasciarono dietro di sé ben poco nella via che porterà a nuove forme di governo.

Di quel periodo rimasero due importanti retaggi:

 dopo l'esecuzione del re Carlo I per alto tradimento, nessun re britannico potrà aspettarsi che i suoi sudditi tollerino un dispotismo palese
 gli eccessi del nuovo modello di esercito, particolarmente quello del Regime dei Maggior Generali, lasciò una duratura sfiducia nel governo dei militari in Inghilterra

I protestanti inglesi sperimentarono la libertà religiosa durante l'Interregno inglese.

Le nuove autorità abolirono la Chiesa d'Inghilterra e la Camera dei Lord. Cromwell sciolse il Rump Parliament ma non riuscì a trovarne una valida alternativa. Inoltre né Cromwell né i suoi sostenitori si mossero nella direzione di una democrazia di popolo, come avrebbero voluto le frange più radicali dei parlamentari.

Il nuovo modello di esercito occupò Irlanda e Scozia durante l'interregno.
In Irlanda il nuovo governo confiscò quasi tutte le terre appartenenti ai cattolici irlandesi come punizione per la ribellione del 1641 e dure leggi penali limitarono fortemente la comunità.
Migliaia di soldati del Parlamento si stabilirono in Irlanda sulle terre confiscate ed il Commonwealth abolì i parlamenti di Irlanda e Scozia. In teoria questi paesi erano rappresentati nel Parlamento inglese ma poiché questo insieme non ebbe mai un potere effettivo la rappresentanza rimase inefficace. Quando Cromwell morì, nel 1658, il Commonwealth si dissolse senza grandi violenze e Carlo II ridivenne re d'Inghilterra, Scozia ed Irlanda nel 1660.

Sotto la Restaurazione inglese il sistema politico ritornò nella situazione costituzionale di prima della guerra. Il nuovo regime giustiziò o condannò a vita i responsabili del regicidio di Carlo I. I neo-realisti fecero dissotterrare il corpo di Cromwell e gli comminarono una esecuzione postuma. I politici ed i religiosi radicali, ritenuti responsabili delle guerre, subirono una dura repressione. Scozia ed Irlanda riebbero i loro parlamenti ed alcuni irlandesi anche le loro terre, prima confiscate, ed il nuovo modello di esercito andò allo sbando.
In ogni caso le questioni che avevano causato le guerre – religione, poteri del parlamento e relazioni fra i tre regni – risultarono solo apparentemente risolte, ma erano solo posposte, riemergendo nuovamente come materia di contesa durante la Gloriosa Rivoluzione del 1688.

Solo a partire da quel momento prese forma la Gran Bretagna intravista durante le guerre civili: una monarchia costituzionale protestante con l'Inghilterra in posizione prevalente ed un forte esercito permanente.

Note

Bibliografia

Isole britanniche

Inghilterra

 J.C. Beckett, 'The Making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923'

Irlanda

Scozia

Voci correlate
 Conquista cromwelliana dell'Irlanda
 Guerre confederate irlandesi
 Prima rivoluzione inglese
 Storia del Regno Unito

Collegamenti esterni

Tre regni, guerra dei
Guerra dei tre regni
Guerre che coinvolgono l'Inghilterra
Guerre che coinvolgono la Scozia


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text:
[Lunchtime Lecture] The Piracy Issue Off the Coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden
Lecturer: Nakahata Yasuki, Head, C4 Systems Operations Division,
C4 Systems Department (J-6), Joint Staff, Ministry of Defense
Commentator: Ueno Hideshi, Adviser, Ocean Policy Research Foundation
Date & Time: Friday, April 22, 2011, 12:15 – 1:45 pm
Venue: Kabayama-Matsumoto Room, International House of Japan
In cooperation with the Japanese Shipowners' Association
Since Japan is highly dependent on imports via sea shipping for its energy, its economy and everyday life is greatly affected when the safety of sea lanes is threatened. Of the 445* incidents reported as piracy attacks in 2010, almost half occurred off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden, which are the lifeline of energy supplies to Japan. In this program, we will invite Captain Nakahata, the commander of the Escort Division Four that escorted ships off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden in 2010, and Mr. Ueno, an expert on the Somali piracy issue, to talk about the current situation and the background to it.
*Source: International Maritime Bureau Annual Report
Nakahata Yasuki:
Born in 1963. Graduated from the National Defense Academy and from the University of Tsukuba master's course (International Area Studies). Held prominent positions such as the Commanding Officer, JS Setoyuki, Chief Staff Officer, Escort Flotilla One. When he was Commander, Escort Division Four he took part in Anti-Piracy Measures from Sept. 2009 to March 2010 as Commander, the 3rd Dispatch Surface Unit for Anti-Piracy Measures off the Coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden.
Ueno Hideshi:
Born in 1942. Graduated from Nihon University. Before he assumed his present post, he worked as a senior fellow at the National Institite for Defense Studies. He specializes in U.S. defense policy and Japan and Asian security issues. His books include Shin Kokusai Chitsujo no Koso (The vision of a new international order, co-author, Nanso-sha, 1996).


Competition open to current members of any FFA Chapter or 4 - H Club supervised by a county agent or Ag. instructor within Comal and adjoining Counties.
1.All exhibitors and goats are subject to the General Livestock Rules No. 1 - 22. Exhibitor must own the goat entered.
2.Wether goats only of any breed or crossbreed may be shown. No doe will be shown.
3.Entry fee is $15 per head until Sept. 15th, $20 after deadline. All Entry fees after deadline must be cash. No Refunds.
4.Goats must weigh a minimum of 25 pounds. No upper weight limit. Weight cards will be provided by show. All weight cards must be turned in as stated on schedule. Classes will be divided by weight according to entries. Committee will designate class or classes to compete for Champion and Reserve of the Light Weight, Medium Weight and Heavy Weight divisions. The Weight Champions and Reserves will compete for Grand and Reserve Champion of the Show.
5.Baby teeth must be intact. Entries may be shown with halter or collar.
6.Goats must be shorn within 3/8 inch of skin or less above knee and hock joints. Goats must be dehorned or horns must be tipped prior to arrival. No artificial coloring allowed.
7. 50% of entry fees will be prorated and paid out according to entries. Ribbons will be awarded for 1st - 10th place, and Grand champion will be awarded a belt buckle.


text:
01/26/2016 10:08 am ET Updated Jan 26, 2016
Will Smith Once Boycotted The Grammys For Marginalizing Black People, Too
"The music is large enough and important enough to be on that show."
By Sara Boboltz
Ron Galella, Ltd. via Getty Images
Will Smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff at the 1990 Grammy Awards -- which did televise the rap category -- in Los Angeles, California.
Actors Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith will not attend the 2016 Oscars ceremony to protest vast racial disparity in the nominations. But it's not Will Smith's first boycott rodeo -- he also refused to appear at the 1989 Grammys for their lack of inclusivity.
In 1989, the Grammys included a rap performance category for the first time, nominating Smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff for their hit "Parents Just Don't Understand." It was a step toward rap music gaining mainstream recognition, however, that segment of the show wasn't going to be televised. In a video "Entertainment Tonight" unearthed from its archives, the rap duo explains why they considered that decision "a slap in the face."
"We don't have a problem with the Grammy as an award or the Grammys as an institution," Smith says in the clip, "we just had a problem with the 1989 design of the awards show."
Smith summed up the issue as "ignorance" on the part of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS), which puts on the Grammys.
"They don't know anything about rap music," he said. "Our boycott was to open their eyes to rap music so next year, some rap group will be able to perform at the Grammys, and the awards will be televised, because the music is large enough and important enough to be on that show."
In a 1989 interview with the Los Angeles Times, Smith also insisted he had no hard feelings toward Kool Moe Dee, the rapper who took Smith's place as a presenter at the event.
"Everybody to their own opinion," he said.
Lo and behold, the following year's Grammy awards did televise the segment honoring rap performers. But it wasn't until 1995 that NARAS allowed rap a Best Album category, like other major music genres.
Actors Of Color Who Should've Been Nominated For An Oscar
Sara Boboltz
The Oscars Will Smith Grammys Jada Pinkett Smith
Best Actor, "Beasts of No Nation"


Home » Personal Finance » What is required for Balance Successful life?
The world has transformed amazingly in past few decades. Today, money is considered as the most essential part of our lives. People are ready to do anything for money.
Every person has a different opinion about money but the most common derivation of each view is 'Yes money is everything'. And your success is defined by how much money you earn. So success is synonyms of money for many. Everything that we do today is mostly for the sake of making more money. So sound philosophy is Successful life = More Money.
First ingredient of balance successful life is time. I have seen many people who said to be successful but they always runs out of the time. They always remain busy in one or other activity. They spend their life time in order to earn money. They end up in making more money but they run out of time to spend this money. Money can be earned but time cannot be. Imagine person earning lakhs of rupees per month but not spending quality time with Family.
This time and money make vicious circle called as "Time Trap" & most of the people cannot come out from this circle.
So money is important but time is equally important.
Second thing you require in balance successful life is happiness. Remember with more money you can purchase more things but cannot purchase happiness, it is something internal.
If you earn more money by getting promotion or by making good business deal this will cause happiness but this happiness will be momentarily. It does not bring constant sense of joy. Part of the reason is that you don't know what to do with this additional money.
Third important thing for balance successful life is financial security. In other word one should reach to condition of having the resources or money to support a standard of living now and in the foreseeable future.
Most of people agree with me here that if they do job or business way they are doing currently till retirement age also they won't be financially secure. You have to plan your future income to become financially secure.
Forth important thing which is required for balance successful life is peace of mind.
A peaceful mind will tell you what you have to do, how to make use of your skills, how to improve upon what you possess and what are the things you are short of. In today's world money and peace of mind is opposite to each other. Person who has lot of money does not have time, happiness and peace of mind.
Satisfaction in life is another important thing. If I will ask you that how many of you are satisfied in job or business you are doing? Mostly your answer will be negative.
So point is you are not satisfied in work or business you cannot say that you are living successful life.
Another thing which is required for balance successful life is fame and recognition. This may not be mandatory but you can place this in good to have category.
It gives another set of feeling if you are well known personality. This could not be that important for balance successful life but you can't ignore it.
Most important ingredient for balance successful life is freedom. Freedom is the condition of being free and the power to act or speak or think without restraint.
Freedom is important to everyone. If someone is deprived from this innate right, he will definitely feel as if he is not a respectful human being.
Typical example is people who are doing Job most of the time it is observed that whatever work they are doing they are not doing with freedom. They are being derived by superior or boss.
Now as we know basic elements of Balance successful life let us try to find out who is living balance successful life, most of people I come across are missing one or other component mentioned above.
If we take example of Super star Amitabh bacchan most of people agree that he is successful, yes indeed he is successful but still basic ingredients of balance successful life like Time & Financial security is lacking in his life.
Write us at info@moneyexcel.com to know about new part time zero investment business opportunity for balance successful life.


What Country Makes the Best Fine Area Rugs?
Home/Creative/Custom order/Home Decoration/Home Improvement/Interior Design/Rugs and carpets/What Country Makes the Best Fine Area Rugs?
Indian Handmade Carpets are made in different materials like pure wool carpet, silk carpet, cotton, jute etc. Sometimes Indian carpets are woven in banana silk or bamboo silk which is available at cheaper price range. Indian handmade carpets are woven in hand-knotted techniques as well as hand-tufted technique. In this process, weavers use low pile or knots for easy vacuuming and for adding strength to the carpet. As we know that a handmade area rug is a traditional accent and has been used for a long time as a home decorating accent. Indian Handmade carpets are woven in traditional and modern design as per customer requirement. In traditional carpets, the design has been inspired by Persian designs but beautifully modified by Indian talented craftsmen. It is made in Kashan, Qum, Ardabil, Bidjjar, Bokhara etc. For example, You can see that mostly handmade Kashmiri silk carpets contain Chinar tree, birds, flowers, leaves etc. actually they want to represent their place on the carpet. Kashmir is surrounded by Chinar tree and mountains and carpets designs have been inspired from there.
Carpet making art was started by Mughal emperor and that's why these traditional antique carpets contain Mughal design patterns. Flat-woven cotton dhurries are specially made in Jaipur and Panipat. American people love to use handmade dhurries in their homes. It is a highly durable rug and nowadays India is the best exporter of luxurious modern carpet, Kashmiri carpets, and flat-woven dhurries worldwide.
Mostly Chinese carpets are made of pure silk material because China is the best country to produce pure silk. It is woven in pure silk. They can easily get pure silk in a reasonable price range. In the Chinese carpet, cotton is used for warp and weaves together with a rough pile and due to this reason the pile size is large. Large pile carpets are not suitable for easy vacuuming. It is hard to clean. In Chinese carpet, patterns show old religious symbols with specific religious dragon patterns.
Iran is known as one of the longest high-quality Oriental rug producers, but due to political and social unrest, production has declined in recent years. However, Iranian carpets are the original purveyors of fine area carpets while other countries have drawn inspiration from the beautiful art of carpet making in Iran.
Read More: HOW TO MAINTAIN YOUR HAND-KNOTTED CARPET LIKE A PRO?


A lawyer representing Proview International on Monday announced that the Intermediate People's Court in Huizhou, a city in southern China, ruled on Friday that distributors should stop selling iPads in China, Associated Press reports. Proview has claimed ownership of the "iPad" name in China and it says Apple is violating its trademark. "We bought Proview's worldwide rights to the iPad trademark in 10 different countries several years ago. Proview refuses to honor their agreement with Apple in China and a Hong Kong court has sided with Apple in this matter," Apple spokeswoman Carolyn Wu said earlier in response to the lawsuits. Proview is looking to prevent Apple from importing or exporting the popular tablet in China and may sue the Cupertino-based company for as much as $2 billion in the United States. At least 45 iPads had been pulled from store shelves in various Chinese cities last week, however Apple's tablets were still being sold at numerous retail locations across the country.
I don't understand, apple bought the rights for the name yet they don't…I'm more confused then Chavez bono, lol.


Robots that can dynamically reconfigure themselves to adapt to their environments offer a promising advantage over their less dynamic cousins. Researchers have been working through all the challenges of realizing that potential: hardware, software, and all the interactions in between. On the software end of the spectrum, a team at University of Pennsylvania's ModLab has been working on a robot that can autonomously choose a configuration to best fit its task at hand.
We've recently done an overview of modular robots, and we noted that coordination and control are persistent challenges in this area. The robot in this particular demonstration is a hybrid: a fixed core module serving as central command, plus six of the lab's dynamic SMORES-EP modules. The core module has a RGB+Depth camera for awareness of its environment. A separate downwards-looking camera watches SMORES modules for awareness of itself.
Combining that data using a mix of open robot research software and new machine specific code, this team's creation autonomously navigates an unfamiliar test environment. While it can adapt to specific terrain challenges like a wood staircase, there are still limitations on situations it can handle. Kudos to the researchers for honestly showing and explaining how the robot can get stuck on a ground seam, instead of editing that gaffe out to cover it up.
While this robot isn't the completely decentralized modular robot system some are aiming for, it would be a mistake to dismiss based on that criticism alone. At the very least, it is an instructive step on the journey offering a tradeoff that's useful on its own merits. And perhaps this hybrid approach will find application with a modular robot close to our hearts: Dtto, the winner of our 2016 Hackaday Prize.
Personal UAV's are becoming ubiquitous these days, but there is still much room for improvement. Researchers at [Modlab] understand this, and they've come up with a very unique method of controlling pitch, yaw, and roll for a coaxial 'copter using only the two drive motors.
In order to control all of these variables with only two motors, you generally need a mechanism that adjusts the pitch of the propeller blades. Usually this is done by mounting a couple of tiny servos to the 'copter. The servos are hooked up to the propellers with mechanical linkages so the pitch of the propellers can be adjusted on the fly. This works fine but it's costly, complicated, and adds weight to the vehicle.
[Modlab's] system does away with the linkages and extra servos. They are able to control the pitch of their propellers using just the two drive motors. The propellers are connected to the motors using a custom 3D printed rotor hub. This hub is specifically designed to couple blade lead-and-lag oscillations to a change in blade pitch. Rather than drive the motors with a constant amount of torque, [Modlab] adds a sinusoidal component in phase with the current speed of the motor. This allows the system to adjust the pitch of the blades multiple times per rotation, even at these high speeds.