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Quick Hits – Memorial Day Edition
May 31, 2021 By Richard Hunt in Accessibility Litigation Trends, ADA - Hotels, ADA - serial litigation, ADA - Standing, ADA Attorney's Fees, ADA Internet, ADA Policies, ADA Public Accommodation, FHA, FHA Emotional Support Animals, FHA Regulation, Internet Accessibility, Public Facilities Tags: ADA defense, Deborah Laufer, FHA Defense, HOA, hotel websites, supplemental jurisdiction, website accessibility
Once again – as in past Memorial Day editions – I'm firing up the grill with hundred dollar bills in honor of the money wasted on lawyers, who are the only ones who really benefit from most ADA and FHA litigation. There are, however, some cases dealing addressing important substantive issues, and few in which Courts seem ready to turn the ADA and FHA into laws to help people instead of laws to make lawyers rich. More
Covid-19, sneeze guards, social distancing signs and the ADA
March 23, 2021 By Richard Hunt in ADA, ADA - serial litigation, ADA Point of Sale, ADA Public Accommodation, Design Build Discrimination, Public Facilities Tags: ADA defense, COVID-19, sneeze guard, Square One Architecture, wheelchair access
I've gotten two emails from John Garra at Square One Architecture¹ with papers on different aspects of physical accessibility and Covid-19 that frankly had not occurred to me. The first dealt with sneeze guards that have been put up at most sales counters may, and frequently do infringe on the space required for those with disabilities to access the counter. The second concerned the signs being used to space out folks waiting in line or to block access to seating. These are not readable by the blind, who therefore can't tell where seating or standing is appropriate. I think these are the first non-mask related Covid-19 item I've seen.
Sales counters are a frequent source of ADA complaints and litigation, usually because they are not low enough, not wide enough, or cluttered with point-of-sale displays. Adding a sneeze guard that isn't carefully designed can easily create problems that didn't exist before. Garra also points out that the reason sales counters have a maximum height is that wheelchair users are sitting at a height lower than almost all standing users. That means the portion of a sneeze guard that is open for passing receipts or goods may be a just the face level of a wheelchair user, making the sneeze guard less effective or ineffective.
I'll share any additional insights that Garra sends me, but once you begin looking at public spaces in terms of accessibility it isn't hard to imagine other unintended consequences of Covid-19 protection. Restaurants that have eliminated tables in order to create greater social distance might easily have eliminated accessible seating without thinking about why some tables are differently configured. Sneeze guards aren't just a problem at counters. The picture above shows a sneeze guard that makes a booth inaccessible for a person in a wheelchair. The focus on masks as a problematic requirement for those with breathing disabilities may cause us to overlook the problem presented for deaf individuals who rely on lip reading when a clerk or server is wearing a mask.
There are, as Garra points out, many resources on accessibility available online from the U.S. Access Board,² the federal agency with general responsibility for accessibility standards. I would add this suggestion for businesses that want to both avoid litigation and better serve customers with disabilities. Just take a few minutes to walk through your business imagining you are in a wheelchair and see what barriers might exist because of Covid-19 precautions or for any other cause. Think as well about the experience of a blind customer or a deaf customer. The technical standards can be daunting, but in most cases the problems are easy to identify and understand with a little imagination.
¹You can contact John at john@sq-1.net if you want more information. His website is Square One Architecture.
² https://www.access-board.gov
Quick Hits – Christmas in September
September 23, 2020 By Richard Hunt in ADA, ADA - drive-by litigation, ADA - Hotels, ADA - Standing, ADA Internet Web, ADA Litigation Procedure, ADA Voting Rights, FHA, Interactive Process, Internet Accessibility, Public Facilities, Reasonable accommodation, Stadiums Tags: ADA defense, ADA standing, Braille gift cards, Catalina Express, FHA Defense, Greyhound, Nanette Brown, Peter Strojnik, Scott Johnson, Stadium Sightlines, Tom Hanks, voting rights
The title of today's blog recognizes the gift bestowed by Judge Nannette Brown on everyone interested in the ADA in all its many details. Bailey v. Bd. of Commissioners of Louisiana Stadium and Exposition Dist., 2020 WL 5309962 (E.D. La. Sept. 4, 2020) is the latest of Judge Brown's decisions concerning the dispute over stadium seating in the Superdome. Written after trial, the 64 page decision methodically dissects the law concerning concerning which standards apply to what parts of a facility after alterations, what the sight-line requirements for stadiums are under the various standards, including an exposition of the law concerning Auer deference and the effect of Kisor v. Wilke, how Title II program accessibility requirements fit into design/build standards, what kind of control is required for a person to be an "operator" of a public accommodation, when and how the "reasonable modification" requirement in Title III of the ADA applies to Title II entities, and last but not least the extent to which Title I's "interactive process" requirement might apply to Titles II and III. The Fifth Circuit, and maybe the Supreme Court, will have the last word in this case, but if you are looking for a quick reference to almost every issue that comes up in a case involving altered facilities you can find it in this decision.¹ More
Another ADA case heads to the Supreme Court – City of Trinidad v Hamer
October 21, 2019 By Richard Hunt in ADA, ADA Litigation Procedure, Public Facilities, Title II Tags: ADA defense, ADA Title II, continuing violation, FHA Defense, Hamer v Trinidad, repeated violations, Statute of limitations, Supreme Court, Tenth Circuit
I blogged about the 10th Circuit's decision in Hamer v City of Trinidad earlier this year.* The City has now filed a Petition for Certiorari that may well take the case to the Supreme Court because the issues and conflict between the Circuits are well defined.**
The heart of the dispute concerns a novel doctrine invented by the Tenth Circuit, the "repeated violations doctrine." Under this doctrine every Title II entity has an immediate obligation to fix every problem with accessibility everywhere, and its failure to do so constitutes a new ADA violation every day. The age of the facility doesn't matter because the obligation is to fix things regardless of when they were built. A sidewalk built a century before passage of the ADA must be fixed in the same way a sidewalk built last week must be fixed. Other Circuits have refused to impose this kind of endless liability, tying the limitations period either to the when the facility was built or renovated or to the date the plaintiff first suffered an injury, and refusing to find a generalized obligation to fix things that did not violate the law when they were built. More
Stadium Sightlines under the ADA – the winner is . . .
August 26, 2019 By Richard Hunt in Accessibility Litigation Trends, ADA Litigation Procedure, ADA regulations, Movies, Public Facilities, Stadiums Tags: ADA defense, Seattle Mariners, Stadium accessible seating, Stadium Sightlines, T-Mobile Stadium
Nobody knows. The August 19, 2020 decision in Landis v. Washington State Major League Baseball Stadium Pub. Facilities Dist., 2019 WL 3891566 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 19, 2019) is thoughtful, thorough, and from the standpoint of those looking for certainty concerning the stadium sightlines argument inconclusive. The Court denied the plaintiffs' request for a ruling that as a matter of law the T-Mobile Stadium at which the Seattle Mariners play failed to meet ADA requirements, but the Court found it could not do so without a trial. This is the inevitable result of the complexity of stadium design and impossibility of promulgating regulations concerning the location of wheelchair accessible seating that are both specific and cover every possibility. At trial the Court will hear more evidence and make fact findings about just what comparable sightlines means in this particular stadium, but that result will likely cover only the single stadium at issue, leaving other courts and other cases to determine on a stadium by stadium basis what is good enough. More


text:
<?php

namespace yiiunit\framework\db\pgsql;

/**
 * @group db
 * @group pgsql
 * @group validators
 */
class UniqueValidatorTest extends \yiiunit\framework\validators\UniqueValidatorTest
{
    public $driverName = 'pgsql';
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This summer, we are so excited to have Madelyn join our interiors team! Madelyn is majoring in Interior Design at Virginia Tech.
Madelyn has always had an interest in design, even as a child. She took many art and design classes throughout high school. Since people spend the majority of their time indoors, Madelyn decided to focus on interior design, so she can enhance living spaces and quality of life using colors and materials.
At Virginia Tech Madelyn has fully immersed herself in student life. She is in IDEAS (Interior Designers for Education and Sustainability club) where interior design firms and manufacturers' representatives come in and present their projects.
Madelyn has also taken Greek life under her belt and is in a sorority, Zeta Tau Alpha, where she is on the Relay for Life team and the design/decoration committee. Madelyn is planning on running the Hokie half marathon at Virginia Tech, this September.
As of now, Madelyn sees herself working at a design firm in a large city post graduation. She hopes to design commercial and retail interiors.
Welcome Madelyn, we are happy to have you as a returning intern!


text:
Antonio Toledo Corro (Escuinapa, 1 de abril de 1919 – Mazatlán, 6 de julho de 2018) foi um político e membro mexicano do Partido Revolucionário Institucional (PRI).

Carreira
Foi menbro do Partido Revolucionário Institucional.

Ele faleceu em 6 de julho de 2018, na idade de 99 anos. Ele tinha sido hospitalizado em Mazatlan no hospital desde 29 de junho, e estava sofrendo de várias doenças, incluindo pneumonia.

Políticos do México

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I am working as HR executive in a small software company. We have 10 employees including me. This employees are working from past 5-6 years. There is no PF facilities provided in this company. I want to start that facility in this company. I want to know how much should be the minimum no of employees in the company to start this facility. And from where I will get to know more about this Provident funds?
Re: What should be minimum no of employees in the company to get the Provident fund facilities?
''Only in special category a candidate can get pf in the company''.
->OPTION 1. WHEN ITS TOTAL EMPLOYEES WORKING = 20 OR MORE.
->OPTION 2. ONLY FOR ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE ---i.e. employees who are drawing salary upto 6500 (basic).
--For eg. total employees working in organisation are 50 numbers but staff having LESS BASIC salary than or equal to 6500 Will be eligeble for 10 only employees.
And this option goes with PF act and where it is mentioned to the employee's name.
Minimum numbers of employees required for PF entitlement is 20 .
As you have mentioned that including you there are only 10 employees then you are not entitled for EPF .
The establishments who are 3 or more years old having 20 or more employees are entitled for the EPF contribution.
Hi friend.. The Minimum Number of Employees required for PF entitlement is 20 You are not entitled for EPF as you have mentioned that Including you there are only 10 employees. The establishments who are three or more years old having 20 or more employees are entitled for the EPF and the Provident fund is for only those employee who are permanent and are grouped in special category are eligible for PF deduction. Special do mean that the employee who have the Basic Salary of Rs 5000+ about 12% are deducted every month from their salary as PF. Thank you.
Any company having employees 20 or more will get epf facility so it is not possible to you to get epf facility so.
You have a positive attitude for the organisations & all employees working with & under you.In general if you have 20 employees in your organisation,you can apply for PF code for your organisation.
There is a Regional Employees'Provident Fund Organisation Office situated in some of the commissionary town in our country.This office controls the pf account of all the related office situated in the respective region.You can search in details to the website http://www.epfoindia.com/delhi/chenn...kata/bhagalpur I mean to your region.
It is very good to incorporate the employees with provident fund.It is very useful in saving the amount,getting IT rebate as per IT Act 1961 under section 80c,drawing the lumpsum in need for education of self/children/wife/constrution of house/purchase of plot/illness etc.Also pension is payable on the basis of pension fund accumulated in PF a/c.
so try your level best for your success.
The Minimum range of workers needed for PF claim is twenty ar|you're} not entitled for EPF as you've got mentioned that as well as you there are solely ten workers. The institutions UN agency area unit 3 or a lot of years recent having twenty or a lot of workers area unit entitled for the EPF and also the Provident fund is for less than those worker UN agency area unit permanent and area unit sorted in special class area unit eligible for PF deduction.
Special do mean that the worker UN agency have the essential earnings of Rs 5000+ regarding twelve-tone music area unit subtracted monthly from their earnings as PF.
Definitely AN workers UN agency work with registered firm or company is eligible for all incentives bonuses and providential fund.but there area unit some rules for it.-as AN workers has completed minimum three years in working-company ought to has minimum twenty workers-the earnings of AN employee ought to be minimum 6500 Rs per month etc.if your company otherwise you fulfill these conditions then you'll be able to question for it.
You have a positive perspective for the organizations & all workers operating with & below you.In general if you've got twenty workers in your organization,you can apply for PF code for your organization.
there's a Regional Employees' Provident Fund Organization workplace set in a number of the com missionary city in our country.This workplace controls the pf account of all the connected workplace set within the individual region.You can search in details to the web site http://www.epfoindia.com/delhi/chenn...kata/bhagalpur I mean to your region.
it's superb to include the staff with provident fund.It is terribly helpful in saving the number,getting IT rebate as per IT Act 1961 below section 80c,drawing the payment in would like for education of self/children/wife/construction of house/purchase of plot/illness etc.Also pension is collectible on the idea of pension fund accumulated in PF a/c.


text:
How Computers Think
How powerful can AI be?
Chief Innovation OfficerInnovation
Simon Barton
5Mar
In a previous article we came to the conclusion that it is not unrealistic to expect robots to enter the consumer market by the second half of this century.
Powered by the development of Artificial Intelligence, the robot that we saw Theodore fall in love with in the film Her, although not on the horizon, may not be as far away as we all thought.
Many assume that the increasing sophistication of AI will only have an effect on scientists and companies who are looking at smarter ways to do manufacturing. The truth however is that over the next fifty-years, we could be surrounded by machines that have the capacity to rival our level of intelligence.
Whilst that remains a distinct possibility for the future, we're still some way off mixing with robots that can communicate with us freely. There have however been some interesting developments in the field of late, some of which could be viewed as a step forward.
For example, gaming researches have developed an 'intelligent' Mario which uses cognitive modelling to allow the character to move with rational and as if here were a real person. Although some commentators have suggested that this allows Mario to think freely and subjectively, he's actually a bot that's programmed to the nth degree. This makes the Mario experiment interesting, but not a massive step forward in terms of coming up with a free-thinking machine.
One of the main issues with the AI-powered examples is that at the moment they are only good at one thing, with that normally either vision or sound. These systems are often far from singular and fail to combine information in a way which is normal for a human.
It comes down to the fact that although AI has allowed these systems to understand and recognise people, they haven't found a way of getting them to think on a philosophical level, which in essence, is what makes us human.
Neural networks are interesting because they teach themselves new things as they see more data, just like we do when we're revising for an exam or just reading the news. But at the same time, these systems are not versatile, they are trained to be good at recognising speech or vision meaning that they often fail to pick up on certain things.
As it stands, AI has yet to bring us to a point where we're being introduced to machines that have the ability to communicate on a human level. We will get there, but today's systems remain rudimentary.
Amazon latest delivery drone demoed in Las Vegas
Why healthcare providers need automated data capture
Data-as-a-service must become the new standard for datasets
Why companies should take advantage of mobile technology
Chevron and Occidental invest in CO2 tech
Rolls-Royce partners with AI company to support its aero-fleet engines
Intel's new AI wheelchair technology helps individuals regain autonomy
Amazon aims high with its cashierless tech system
Infographic: Payment trends and disruptors
Xiaomi IoT platform to support IKEA's smart light products
AWS ML training courses to be made free to access
UK government's attitude to RPA adopts "massive shift" toward implementation
AWS RoboMaker made available to developers
How mass fragmentation of data Is restraining businesses growth
Weekend update: New York startups, Generation Z, Google News and content marketing
Panel Session: The Cultural Shift

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


India has many stock exchanges, but trading is dominated at two main exchanges – the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). BSE is among the oldest stock exchanges in the world, while NSE was established as part of India's economic liberalization process in the early 1990s. The NSE was quick to gain market share and now accounts for around two-third of stock trading and most of derivative trading in the country. BSE was slow to react to competition in the early days, but in the last five to six years has taken steps to up its game by making major changes in its technology. Structural issues with the Indian capital market have so far limited its ability to close the gap with NSE. The Indian CCPs that clear exchange trades are owned by the respective exchanges and at present only clear trades executed at the owner exchange. National Securities Clearing Corporation Limited (NSCCL) is the CCP for NSE while Indian Clearing Corporation Limited (ICCL) is the CCP for BSE. Interoperability among CCPs at an investor level is not allowed; i.e., investors can choose which exchange would execute their trades, but cannot choose which CCP would clear them. Therefore, in spite of having multiple players in the clearing space, there is not much competition among the CCPs. The dynamics in the Indian CCP space therefore are largely driven by the competitive developments on the exchange front. The capital market regulator SEBI allowed direct market access in India in 2008 and soon afterwards allowed colocation and smart order routing (SOR). This should ideally allow investors to execute their trades at any exchange of their choice. However, most of the liquidity is concentrated at the NSE due to its dominant position. Furthermore, since almost all of derivative trading takes place at the NSE, investors tend to prefer NSE for their equity trades as well, since that allows them cross-asset margining benefits of clearing trades in different asset classes at the same CCP. Because of this, smart order routing has not picked up in India yet. Thus algo trading reached around 15% in the cash segment in NSE in 2014, but smart order routing was only around 2%. Similarly algo trading was 70% at BSE's cash segment, but SOR was around 1%. This shows BSE (and its CCP ICCL), with its improved technology and latency capabilities, is attracting a higher share of algo trades but is still unable to capture share in smart order routing, due to unique clearing arrangements in the market. Going forward potential allowing of interoperability promises to be a significant force of change for the Indian CCPs. It would give investors the freedom to choose their CCP, and if they get better latency and pricing from ICCL, they could choose ICCL regardless of BSE's smaller share in trading volume. SEBI is considering this and is in consultation with a range of market participants. Eventual interoperability may be a boon for BSE and ICCL, allowing it to catch up with the dominant NSE and NSCCL.


Annoyance, it is a common word to all peoples around the world. Annoyance has many bad sides for mental and physical health. Annoyance effects human body seriously and it can turn your mind and behavior like a Crazy. Annoyances also attack your brain and heart easily. About maximum peoples are not aware about the bane or bad side of Annoyance.
So, everybody should be free from Annoyance. But some time it is really impossible to be free from Annoyance.
I will talk about some important matter about Annoyance in the article.
Health is very important to everybody, because without good health we cannot do anything properly. To lead a healthy and nice life, we have to be healthy. But there are a little peoples know How to be Healthy.
Healthy never feel bad for the pressure of hard work. But if you do same kind of work continually then you may feel bore or Annoyance, which is very bad and harmful for your mental and physical health.
1) For feeling annoyance your skin can be effected badly.
2) For feeling annoyance, brightness of your skin can be damage.
3) Irritable idea can grow in your mind for much annoyance.
4) Annoyance can influence on your eyes.
5) Many problems may be created by Annoyance in your body and mind.
6) Annoyance effects consumption of food and eating.
7) You may lose your appetite attraction to food.
8) For feeling so much annoyance your Heart can be effect.
9) Annoyance can increase your hypertension and blood pressure.
10) Foe feeling so much Annoyance you may lose your sexual capability.
1) Try to work as your own Interests and in your own time.
2) Try to do sometime yoga or meditation.
4) you may read some a books of your own choice. It will keep you out from Annoyance.
5) Go somewhere outside from your home in nice and natural place as traveling.
6) Keep a positive attitude mentality in your mind.
7) Sometimes you may play with the children, so that you may comeback in your childhood.
8) If you get time then watch any comedy movie. Laugh is important for health.
9) Women can go beauty parlor to change look their beauty. So that they may feel fresh and nice.
10) Take and think every easily, it will help you to be free from Annoyance.
To be free from any Annoyance is really an important matter. So try to be free from Annoyance in any way.
If you be Annoyance free then you will feel everything is nice and well to you. And I think if you follow those tips about to be free from Annoyance above, then you will feel better and you will be free from Annoyance and Annoyance bad side.


People have amazing experiences after having a heart transplant. Some say that they feel connected to the donor while others swear that they have memories and dreams from the donor's life.
Harlan's life after his transplant hasn't been that simple. He lived a peaceful naive existence for many years but since this transplant he's been having black-outs, he's been eating strange foods, he's been accused of murder and someone's trying to kill him. It's almost like there is this other person inside of him and sometimes that person just takes over. Well, it's that or Harlan's schizophrenic.
Jane started out on a trip to find someone she's sure she lost when strange things start to happen to her seemingly directing her in a different direction. She's not sure why but she just has some gut instinct that Harlan is more sane than he appears and not as guilty as the facts suggest. But can she prove it before both of them are wiped off the face of the earth?
What I liked: The hardest part of reading this book for me was slowing down enough to read every word. The plot was so exciting I just kept rushing and then I'd have to go back and reread the page because Ms. Dewey packs a lot you don't want to miss into these books.
This book is not only an interesting mystery but it also has a ton of supernatural good vs evil play that it's a terrific book for many other genres.
What I didn't like: The first four chapters were really difficult to enjoy. There was so much that just seemed random and eerie that I had trouble continuing but, as soon as I got to chapter five I didn't want to put the book down. It was so worth it.
Steam: Adult — It's not steamy per se but the language is definitely rated 'R'.
Laurel Dewey was born and raised in Los Angeles. She is the author of two nonfiction books on plant medicine, a Silver Spur nominated Western novella, hundreds of articles, and three other novels in her Jane Perry suspense series, Protector, Redemption, and Revelations along with the Jane Perry novelettes An Unfinished Death and Promissory Payback and the story collection Unrevealed. She is also the author of the novel Betty's Little Basement Garden.
Thank you to Open Road Media, Laurel Dewey and Partners In Crime Virtual Book Tours for generously offering this book for review.
I really enjoyed being a part of your tour.
I agree with you, this was definitely a page turner. Superb review and post. Thank you for sharing.


Lee Williams is an Assistant Professor for the Department of Communications at Rogers State University.
Substantial knowledge of broadcast law, management and community service.
Coordinated coverage of the Joplin, tornado, Picher, OK tornado, Miami, OK flooding, Texas/Oklahoma grassfires, school murder conspiracy, Oklahoma City bombing follow-ups, and other regional stories.
Led news team to ratings wins and top awards including top rated ABC late news in America for five years, all newscasts among ABC Top 10. Managed multi-million dollar budget and large staff.
Oversaw large staff supervising primetime promotions and all phases of news coverage. Created new format and graphics. Advanced quality and awards. Executive Producer United Way Special simulcast.
Top rated station; won more Associated Press and Colorado Broadcasters Awards than other stations combined.
Leadership Tulsa, Class 29. Local community, business and leadership training.
Crime Commission, Board Member 2001-2006, Interim Executive Director September-December 2005. Managed this non-profit organization that funds Crime Stoppers and created a new Crime Commission web site.
Citizens' Police Academy. Substantial training on police operations and issues.


MANILA, Philippines—Television director-choreographer Lito Calzado died Friday at 12:30 p.m., after a lingering battle with liver cancer.
A member of the folk dance troupe of the University of the East, the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company and the Ballet Folkloric Filipino in the 1960s, he worked onstage (at Clover Theater), in the movies and television, according to TV host German Moreno.
He was the director of Moreno's current late-night show "Master Showman" on GMA 7 and was choreographer of Moreno's old program "GMA Supershow" in the 1980s.
His daughter, actress Iza Calzado, followed in his footsteps in show biz.
"Iza took care of her father in his last days at the hospital," said Noel Ferrer, the actress' manager.
Wake is at the National Shrine of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in New Manila, Quezon City, until Monday.
"Always joking around with the doctors and nurses, Tito Lito remained jolly and exuberant until the end," said Ferrer.
After a Mass at Mount Carmel, cremation will follow at Arlington Memorial Chapels and Crematorium in Quezon City on Monday.


To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD, who addressed the words of this song to the LORD on the day when the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said: I love thee, O LORD, my strength.
the cords of Sheol entangled me, the snares of death confronted me.
He bowed the heavens, and came down; thick darkness was under his feet.
He rode on a cherub, and flew; he came swiftly upon the wings of the wind.
He made darkness his covering around him, his canopy thick clouds dark with water.
Out of the brightness before him there broke through his clouds hailstones and coals of fire.
And he sent out his arrows, and scattered them; he flashed forth lightnings, and routed them.
He reached from on high, he took me, he drew me out of many waters.
He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from those who hated me; for they were too mighty for me.
They came upon me in the day of my calamity; but the LORD was my stay.
For all his ordinances were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.
with the pure thou dost show thyself pure; and with the crooked thou dost show thyself perverse.
For thou dost deliver a humble people; but the haughty eyes thou dost bring down.
Yea, thou dost light my lamp; the LORD my God lightens my darkness.
Yea, by thee I can crush a troop; and by my God I can leap over a wall.
This God--his way is perfect; the promise of the LORD proves true; he is a shield for all those who take refuge in him.
He made my feet like hinds' feet, and set me secure on the heights.
Thou didst give a wide place for my steps under me, and my feet did not slip.
I pursued my enemies and overtook them; and did not turn back till they were consumed.
For thou didst gird me with strength for the battle; thou didst make my assailants sink under me.
Thou didst make my enemies turn their backs to me, and those who hated me I destroyed.
They cried for help, but there was none to save, they cried to the LORD, but he did not answer them.
Thou didst deliver me from strife with the peoples; thou didst make me the head of the nations; people whom I had not known served me.
Foreigners lost heart, and came trembling out of their fastnesses.
who delivered me from my enemies; yea, thou didst exalt me above my adversaries; thou didst deliver me from men of violence.
For this I will extol thee, O LORD, among the nations, and sing praises to thy name.
Great triumphs he gives to his king, and shows steadfast love to his anointed, to David and his descendants for ever.
To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork.
the fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever; the ordinances of the LORD are true, and righteous altogether.
Moreover by them is thy servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward.
But who can discern his errors? Clear thou me from hidden faults.
Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me! Then I shall be blameless, and innocent of great transgression.
To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The LORD answer you in the day of trouble! The name of the God of Jacob protect you!
May he send you help from the sanctuary, and give you support from Zion!
May he grant you your heart's desire, and fulfil all your plans!
May we shout for joy over your victory, and in the name of our God set up our banners! May the LORD fulfil all your petitions!
Some boast of chariots, and some of horses; but we boast of the name of the LORD our God.
They will collapse and fall; but we shall rise and stand upright.


Come in to Stewart Chevrolet for your next auto repair or car maintenance. Our ASE certified technicians have the knowledge and experience to make sure your vehicle is serviced correctly. We will have your vehicle back out on the road in no time. From an oil change, tire rotation, wheel alignment, to transmission repair, brake service and radiator repair, we can do it all. We only use genuine GM parts when repairing your vehicle so the part is guaranteed to be compatible for your vehicle. There is no appointment necessary when you're visiting our service department. You can drop off your vehicle any time with our convenient drop box. Call us at (415) 347-3284 for more information.
We are only a short drive from Burlingame and San Francisco. You can schedule an appointment, view our service specials, order tires or order Chevy car parts right here on the website. If you don't have time to browse our website, just drive into our service bay, no appointment necessary.
Stewart Chevrolet is your full service car dealership in the Bay Area. We don't just have vehicles, auto repair and Chevy service, we also have a parts department for DIY repairs and maintenance. We want to be your one-stop-shop for all your automotive needs. We also offer shuttle service and complementary car wash when you come into our service bay to service your vehicle. A great waiting room with TV, free Wi-Fi and complimentary coffee, tea and bottled water while you wait for your vehicle to be serviced. We really want to make sure you are welcome and feel comfortable every time you visit our dealership. Choose Stewart Chevrolet for all your automotive needs today.
Stewart Chevrolet has a great selection of cars, trucks and SUVs ready to be driven home by you. Take the Chevy Silverado 1500 for a test drive and discover the toughness, versatility and comfort of this light-duty pickup truck. We also have the Chevy Colorado, if you're looking for a new Bay Area Chevy truck that's just as tough, but in a smaller package. If you have a large family and like to go exploring, Bay Area Chevy SUVs, such as the Chevy Suburban or the Chevy Traverse, might be the SUV for you. These SUVs can seat up to 7 passengers comfortably, has with plenty of storage space, and has safety features to keep your family safe on long road trips.
For more eco-friendly and fuel efficient vehicles, check out the Chevy Volt or the Chevy Bolt EV. These EV vehicles provide you the comfort and cargo space while saving you money on fuel. We have plenty of other Chevy vehicles to choose from at our car dealership in Colma, CA, so make sure you browse through our inventory and contact us to take a closer look. If you don't see the car, truck or SUV you're looking for, give us a call at (415) 347-3291 and our friendly team member will help you find the vehicle you need. San Francisco, Burlingame and Peninsula Chevy drivers, take the short drive to Stewart Chevrolet today. Don't forget to check out our Chevy lease deals, especially our EV lease deals.
For budget minded individuals, used cars, trucks or SUVs can save you money and prevent further depreciation in the long run. Stewart Chevrolet wants to help you make your used car shopping easier. We are your used car dealer in the Bay Area that provides Bay Area used trucks, used SUVs and used cars near San Francisco and Burlingame. Search for used cars on our website and contact us to take one out for a test drive.
For a like-new used car experience, we provide Certified Pre-Owned Chevy vehicles at our Colma car dealership. These vehicles go through a 172-point inspection, come with limited warranty backed by the OEM, 24/7 roadside assistance and more to make sure the quality stands up to the Chevrolet brand. Browse through our Chevy Certified Pre-Owned inventory today.


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What Percent "JOMO" Are You?
Unlike FOMO (fear of missing out), JOMO is the Joy of missing out. Are you able to simply sit back and enjoy life as it comes or do you crave excitement and experience? With just 10 simple quiz questions, we can reveal just that.
Which social media platform do you use daily?
None, I don't use social media.
You just received a text message from a friend. How long does it take you to respond?
Like 30 seconds.
A few minutes.
A few hours.
It depends on how busy I am.
It depends on what they wanted.
It seems like all of your pals are going on a group vacation to the Caribbean. You don't even like the beach. Will you be going?
Yes, I wouldn't want to be the only one who didn't go.
Nah, that's not my scene. Hope they have fun though!
Maybe, it depends on the overall cost.
It's Friday night and you're beat. What are you going to do?
Hit the sack by 9 PM.
Watch some movies or TV.
Head out to the bar.
Host some friends.
I don't know, whatever my friends want to do.
Be honest, how much time do you spend outside per day?
Does walking to and from my car count?
As much as I can (weather permitting).
As little as possible.
Maybe 30 minutes or an hour.
When you're in the waiting room at a doctor's appointment, how do you pass the time?
I scroll through social media.
I read the news on my phone.
I text a friend.
I read a magazine.
I read a book.
You're out to dinner with the family. What are you doing?
Enjoying their company.
Scrolling Instagram under the table.
Checking my phone every few minutes.
Getting in a heated debate.
Taking a picture of my food.
Which do you use most often to communicate with?
Facebook Messenger.
Regular texting.
Phone call.
A mix of all.
Have you ever tried to meditate?
I meditate daily.
I've tried, I can't do it.
Not yet, but I'd like to learn.
Nah, it's just a bunch of bull.
Pick the magazine you're most likely to read:
O, the Oprah Magazine
100% JOMO
Awesome, you're 100% JOMO! While much of the world is addicted to their smartphones and glued to social media, you're just living your life and focusing on the here and now. Fear of missing out? Not you. You're happy for those who get to try new things and travel the world and you're content in your own path. You don't compare yourself to others nor do you try to compete for "best life" with those online. Your grounded, present, and always focused on living your own truth. Go you!
70% JOMO
Congrats, you're 70% JOMO! While most of the world is scrolling through social media and trying to outdo one another, you're simply enjoying the real world and living each day to the fullest. You don't worry about "missing out" because you know that life is what you make of it in the here and now. It's not a competition to the top! Your phone is not a crutch or something you depend on, it's simply a tool of communication, as it should be.
You're 50% JOMO! Let's face it- you've found a balance between FOMO and JOMO. Sometimes, you can't help but let the FOMO force you to try something new or to to go out when you really wanted to stay in. Other times, you listen to your own authentic voice and simply do your own thing. Put down the smart phone and remember that you're in control of your own life, no one else.
You are 30% JOMO! While you do relish in doing your own thing from time to time, you also have a big time fear of missing out. Since you're almost always on social media, it's hard for you to not compare your life to others. If all your friends are going to the bar, you're almost certainly going to be there too, even if all you really want is a night in with Netflix.
You are 10% JOMO! Put down the smartphone and step away from Instagram. You need a bit more JOMO in your life. Right now, you're pretty focused on keeping up with your friends and those you follow online. Rather than listening to your own voice, you feel like you're in a constant race for "best life" on the internet. Remember, there is joy in missing out and just taking time for you!
What Percent Rachel Green Are You?
What Percent Lazy Person Are You?
What Percent Marie Kondo Are You?


When it comes to high performance issue resolution, an out-of-the-box software solution stuck into a basic hosting platform just doesn't cut it. For organizations prepping for Black Friday, or handling a massive onslaught due to unexpected media attention, or gearing up for end-of-year donations, performance, security and stability are beyond mission-critical: they're existence-critical.
So when Election Protection, a U.S.-based, nonpartisan coalition founded to empower and enable voters, needed to boost performance and security of its issue tracking system for the 2014 midterm elections, it turned to GT.net. Our solution, detailed in the Online Issue Tracking Hosting case study, was built, tested and deployed to allow a network of thousands of volunteers the ability to enter voting data and issue tickets into the 'Our Vote Live' Request Tracker application. The data was then routed, classified and resolved as necessary by Election Protection staff.
The outcome? By any measure, a great success that underscored the importance of stress and load testing for high performance applications and websites. Thus when Election Protection needed similar support and capabilities for the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the group once again turned to GT.net.
Our solution was to turbo-charge what we had built in 2014, making sure that all voters in one of the closest and most fraught elections of the modern era would have their opinions heard. We were tasked with handling upwards of 100,000 tickets in 24 hours (or an estimated 120 tickets a minute at some points), 1,000 on-site end-users and 100 call-center end-users (routing issues from a toll-free hotline). Election Protection also required real-time analytics capabilities so that analysts could parse and examine trends in the data as it was collected.
1. Response times begin rapidly increase after reaching only 10% of throughput needed.
2. Request Tracker app crashes and reboots.
After recognizing that our initial load balancing solution wasn't working to expectations (see spikes in graph above), GT experts iterated through refinements several times – improving code, tuning the server, adding additional indexes and re-syncing the database – until the system scaled to the necessary performance. The result was the steady and consistent flow of tickets apparent in the graph below.
1. Response times spike temporarily due to extremely large amount of concurrent requests in a short period of time.
2. Average response time is now within an acceptable range at the number of concurrent users needed.
Seeing our work put to the test – and perform at optimal levels – during the election was about as gratifying as one might expect. It also re-emphasized the importance of high-level stress and load testing to ensure reliability, availability and consistency throughout peak usage periods and beyond.
Organizations that need performance – but gamble on off-the-shelf systems and hosting – all too often see failures instead of results. If your organization needs to deliver, contact us to discuss our proven solutions, methodologies and capabilities. We'll be happy to talk through any current or anticipated needs to ensure you're at peak performance – always.


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A New Era of Trust: Purposeful Content vs. Fake News
Jimena Sanchez
In this blog post I'll summarise how leading industry experts are aiming to achieve purposeful content in an era of fake news – taking learnings from Marketing Week Live, 2019.
The rise of fake news has led audiences to reconsider which media sources to trust. For content creators, one the main priorities is to demonstrate that the content being produced is trustworthy and engaging. However, how can content creators or brands achieve this when content is everywhere, and social platforms continue to facilitate the promotion of fake news?
Simple, by writing unique and trustworthy content that readers can engage with, allowing brands to stand out among competitors and most importantly, build a legacy with their audiences.
This was one of the topics discussed on March 5th, the second day of Marketing Week Live, where my colleague Phillip Dyte, Managing Partner of Strategy at iProspect UK, was a panellist. The panel included:
Hayley Selby, Content Strategy Professional
Ryan Battles, Content and Brand Director at Dialogue
Simon Coley, Co-Founder & Creative Director at Karma Cola
Catherine Maskell, Manager Director at The CMA, was the moderator questioning the panel on their views in relation to the impact of fake news. The panel explored the role of brands writing purposeful content to portray its values and truths, whilst still resonating with an ever-increasing audience.
Here are my top five takeaways from the panel:
How can brands combat fake news?
The use of social media allows brands and their audiences to keep track of events that are happening in real-time. Phillip Dyte's response focused on how advances in technology has allowed consumers to better understand the validity of content.
How can you respond to current events?
Hayley Selby highlighted that brands do not need to respond to every news story or trending topic. The main objective is to create content that has a strong point of view.
What do brands have authority to talk about?
Simon Coley stated that tone of voice is very important to show integrity about a certain topic and Hayley Selby agreed, she mentioned that it is important for a brand to understand what it has the authority to talk about. It is paramount that brands consider their position among different social topics such as, social issues and politics, otherwise this could have negative consequences.
Being Transparent
Phillip Dyte highlighted the importance of being transparent. He used the banking industry as an example to explain how customers' behaviour is changing the way brands build trust and credibility with their audiences. He referred to how the use of a bank app allows customers to monitor their accounts in real-time which help to build a close and trustworthy relationship between them and their banks.
How do you measure the true engagement of content?
Ryan Battles highlighted that purposeful content is long-term and can never be a fad! He supports the idea that through creating meaningful content customers will build a strong association with a brand.
A brands that reflects its ethical values through creating purposeful content will go a long way to achieving long-term relationships with its target audience.
As such, it is vital for a brand to understand its position when discussing a trending topic around social issues or events, for example, as a way to create content to connect with its consumers. As power shifts from brand to consumer, the content being created will need to feel authentic to allow for a better rate of engagement.
iProspect UK and Freemans Grattan Holdings extend media relationship
iProspect bags the Zalando media account
The importance of maintaining investment during periods of financial downturn


Where do you draw your lines in the sand? Standing your ground on something is powerful, vulnerable even. But where these lines are drawn is as important as drawing them in the first place.
Do you draw your lines in the sand below you? Do you say, I will not allow myself to go any lower than this, I will not deviate below this standard, I will not allow myself to step down from this challenge?
Or do you draw lines in the sand above you? Do you say, I cannot move beyond this point, I will not attempt to do anything beyond this, I do not or cannot do this or that and so I will not take the risk or accept the challenge to do so?
If all of the lines you've drawn in the sand exist to protect you from challenge or failure or uncertainty, they will undoubtedly contain you and hold you back.
If, however, the lines you've drawn in the sand serve to catch you when you fall, to act as a safety net and hold you accountable to a higher existence, they will certainly do just that.


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With 2018 approaching, we have compiled a list of exciting, unique, and romantic ways to celebrate the New Year. There are so many romantic things to share with your partner, but the best ideas are the most thoughtful and most creative!
Sometimes the most romantic and delectable meal on vacation is one that you are your loved one created together. Try something new or work together to combine your favorite dishes. Don't forget your favorite wines.
Use Spinnaker Resorts as the beautiful backdrop for your photos. Strike your best pose next to the dock at Bluewater Resort for an exceptionally romantic photo by the water. You could also travel to the Ozarks for fun hiking photos. No matter which location you are visiting, you will be able to find the perfect backdrop for your photos.
Create a handwritten list of all your 2018 resolutions with your loved one. This way you both can open the list at the end of the year and share the memories of completing each resolution. Add to the list throughout the year to keep it fresh and exciting. Keep your resolution list for your 2018 scrapbook.
Nothing says romance like a nice relaxing massage for two. Grab your partner and visit the best spas in the area. Ask your Spinnaker Resort Front Desk for recommendations. Treat yourself and your significant other to a relaxing and stress-free environment.
Make a pot of tea or coffee and sit on the back porch together while planning out the next vacation. Maybe you both want to try something new like Royal Floridian South at the Florida beach. Maybe you are interested in vacationing at a Carolina Club cottage with the entire family.
Branson always has live shows to see and experience. Both you and your loved one will get a kick out of shows like the Hughes Brothers or be amazed by the set of Moses. Some of the most romantic shows include live music performance by Pierce Arrow or Prince Ivan. Contact Branson Ticket Deals to get the best seats your favorite shows.
My favorite romantic town to visit is St. Augustine, the oldest city in America. It is a beautiful area filled with rich history, delicious restaurants, and great shopping. St. Augustine is fun to walk around with your significant other and it's a short drive from Royal Floridian.
Explore an old antique shop or find a local bookstore to rummage through. Pick out items that bring back old memories you and your significant other have shared in the past. This can also be a fun adventure to share on every vacation.
Whether you and your loved one are staying cozy in the mountains or spending winter on the beach you can truly ring in the New Year with lots of laughs and lots of love!
Share your romantic Spinnaker Vacation memories with us on Social Media!


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Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.

Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Furthermore, the range of molecular mass between hydrocarbons (or different carbon numbers) is defined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1, JP-5, and JP-8) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B and JP-4), between about 5 and 15.

History
Fuel for piston-engine powered aircraft (usually a high-octane gasoline known as avgas) has a high volatility to improve its carburetion characteristics and high autoignition temperature to prevent preignition in high compression aircraft engines. Turbine engines (like diesel engines) can operate with a wide range of fuels because fuel is injected into the hot combustion chamber. Jet and gas turbine (turboprop, helicopter) aircraft engines typically use lower cost fuels with higher flash points, which are less flammable and therefore safer to transport and handle.

The first axial compressor jet engine in widespread production and combat service, the Junkers Jumo 004 used on the Messerschmitt Me 262A fighter and the Arado Ar 234B jet recon-bomber, burned either a special synthetic "J2" fuel or diesel fuel. Gasoline was a third option but unattractive due to high fuel consumption. Other fuels used were kerosene or kerosene and gasoline mixtures.

Standards
Most jet fuels in use since the end of World War II are kerosene-based. Both British and American standards for jet fuels were first established at the end of World War II. British standards derived from standards for kerosene use for lamps—known as paraffin in the UK—whereas American standards derived from aviation gasoline practices. Over the subsequent years, details of specifications were adjusted, such as minimum freezing point, to balance performance requirements and availability of fuels. Very low temperature freezing points reduce the availability of fuel. Higher flash point products required for use on aircraft carriers are more expensive to produce. In the United States, ASTM International produces standards for civilian fuel types, and the U.S. Department of Defense produces standards for military use. The British Ministry of Defence establishes standards for both civil and military jet fuels. For reasons of inter-operational ability, British and United States military standards are harmonized to a degree. In Russia and the CIS members, grades of jet fuels are covered by the State Standard (GOST) number, or a Technical Condition number, with the principal grade available being TS-1.

Types

Jet A/A-1

Jet A specification fuel has been used in the United States since the 1950s and is usually not available outside the United States and a few Canadian airports such as Toronto and Vancouver, whereas Jet A-1 is the standard specification fuel used in the rest of the world other than Russia and the CIS members where TS-1 is the most common standard. Both Jet A and Jet A-1 have a flash point higher than , with an autoignition temperature of .

Differences between Jet A and Jet A-1

The primary difference is the lower freezing point of A-1:
  Jet A's is
  Jet A-1's is

The other difference is the mandatory addition of an anti-static additive to Jet A-1.

Jet A trucks, storage tanks, and plumbing that carry Jet A are marked with a black sticker with "Jet A" in white printed on it, adjacent to another black stripe.

Typical physical properties for Jet A and Jet A-1
Jet A-1 fuel must meet:
 DEF STAN 91-91 (Jet A-1),
 ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A-1), and
 IATA Guidance Material (Kerosene Type), NATO Code F-35.

Jet A fuel must reach ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A).

Jet B

Jet B is a naphtha-kerosene fuel that is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. However, Jet B's lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used, except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% kerosene and 70% gasoline, it is known as wide-cut fuel. It has a very low freezing point of , and a low flash point as well. It is primarily used in some military aircraft. It is also used in northern Canada, Alaska, and sometimes Russia, because of its low freezing point.

TS-1

TS-1 is a jet fuel made to Russian standard GOST 10227 for enhanced cold-weather performance. It has somewhat higher volatility than Jet A-1 (flash point is  minimum). It has a very low freezing point, below .

Additives
The DEF STAN 91-091 (UK) and ASTM D1655 (international) specifications allow for certain additives to be added to jet fuel, including:
 Antioxidants to prevent gumming, usually based on alkylated phenols, e.g., AO-30, AO-31, or AO-37;
 Antistatic agents, to dissipate static electricity and prevent sparking; Stadis 450, with dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid (DINNSA) as a component, is an example
 Corrosion inhibitors, e.g., DCI-4A used for civilian and military fuels, and DCI-6A used for military fuels;
 Fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) agents, e.g., 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (Di-EGME); FSII is often mixed at the point-of-sale so that users with heated fuel lines do not have to pay the extra expense.
 Biocides are to remediate microbial (i.e., bacterial and fungal) growth present in aircraft fuel systems. Two biocides were previously approved for use by most aircraft and turbine engine original equipment manufacturers (OEMs); Kathon FP1.5 Microbiocide and Biobor JF. Biobor JF is currently the only biocide available for aviation use. Kathon was discontinued by the manufacturer due to several airworthiness incidents. Kathon is now banned from use in aviation fuel.
 Metal deactivator can be added to reduce the negative effects of trace metals on the thermal stability of the fuel. The one allowable additive is the chelating agent salpn (N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-propanediamine).

As the aviation industry's jet kerosene demands have increased to more than 5% of all refined products derived from crude,
it has been necessary for the refiner to optimize the yield of jet kerosene, a high-value product, by varying process techniques.

New processes have allowed flexibility in the choice of crudes, the use of coal tar sands as a source of molecules and the
manufacture of synthetic blend stocks. Due to the number and severity of the processes used, it is often necessary and
sometimes mandatory to use additives. These additives may, for example, prevent the formation of harmful chemical species
or improve a property of a fuel to prevent further engine wear.

Water in jet fuel
It is very important that jet fuel be free from water contamination. During flight, the temperature of the fuel in the tanks decreases, due to the low temperatures in the upper atmosphere. This causes precipitation of the dissolved water from the fuel. The separated water then drops to the bottom of the tank, because it is denser than the fuel. Since the water is no longer in solution, it can form droplets which can supercool to below 0 °C (32 °F). If these supercooled droplets collide with a surface they can freeze and may result in blocked fuel inlet pipes. This was the cause of the British Airways Flight 38 accident. Removing all water from fuel is impractical; therefore, fuel heaters are usually used on commercial aircraft to prevent water in fuel from freezing.

There are several methods for detecting water in jet fuel. A visual check may detect high concentrations of suspended water, as this will cause the fuel to become hazy in appearance. An industry standard chemical test for the detection of free water in jet fuel uses a water-sensitive filter pad that turns green if the fuel exceeds the specification limit of 30 ppm (parts per million) free water. A critical test to rate the ability of jet fuel to release emulsified water when passed through coalescing filters is ASTM standard D3948 Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer.

Military jet fuels

Military organizations around the world use a different classification system of JP (for "Jet Propellant") numbers. Some are almost identical to their civilian counterparts and differ only by the amounts of a few additives; Jet A-1 is similar to JP-8, Jet B is similar to JP-4. Other military fuels are highly specialized products and are developed for very specific applications.

JP-1
was an early jet fuel specified in 1944 by the United States government (AN-F-32). It was a pure kerosene fuel with high flash point (relative to aviation gasoline) and a freezing point of . The low freezing point requirement limited availability of the fuel and it was soon superseded by other "wide cut" jet fuels which were kerosene-naphtha or kerosene-gasoline blends. It was also known as avtur.

JP-2
an obsolete type developed during World War II. JP-2 was intended to be easier to produce than JP-1 since it had a higher freezing point, but was never widely used.

JP-3
was an attempt to improve availability of the fuel compared to JP-1 by widening the cut and loosening tolerances on impurities to ensure ready supply. In his book Ignition! An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants, John D. Clark described the specification as, "remarkably liberal, with a wide cut (range of distillation temperatures) and with such permissive limits on olefins and aromatics that any refinery above the level of a Kentucky moonshiner's pot still could convert at least half of any crude to jet fuel". It was even more volatile than JP-2 and had high evaporation loss in service.

JP-4
was a 50-50 kerosene-gasoline blend. It had lower flash point than JP-1, but was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary United States Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. Its NATO code is F-40. It is also known as avtag.

JP-5
is a yellow kerosene-based jet fuel developed in 1952 for use in aircraft stationed aboard aircraft carriers, where the risk from fire is particularly great. JP-5 is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons that weighs  and has a high flash point (min. ). Because some US naval air stations, Marine Corps air stations and Coast Guard air stations host both sea and land based naval aircraft, these installations will also typically fuel their shore-based aircraft with JP-5, thus precluding the need to maintain separate fuel facilities for JP-5 and non-JP-5 fuel. Its freezing point is . It does not contain antistatic agents. JP-5 is also known as NCI-C54784. JP-5's NATO code is F-44. It is also called AVCAT fuel for Aviation Carrier Turbine fuel.

The JP-4 and JP-5 fuels, covered by the MIL-DTL-5624 and meeting the British Specification DEF STAN 91-86 AVCAT/FSII (formerly DERD 2452), are intended for use in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require unique additives that are necessary for military aircraft and engine fuel systems.

JP-6
was developed for the General Electric YJ93 afterburning turbojet engines used in the North American XB-70 Valkyrie for sustained flight at Mach 3. It was similar to JP-5 but with a lower freezing point and improved thermal oxidative stability. When the XB-70 program was cancelled, the JP-6 specification, MIL-J-25656, was also cancelled.

JP-7
was developed for the Pratt & Whitney J58 afterburning turbojet engines used in the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird for sustained flight at Mach 3+. It had a high flash point required to prevent boiloff caused by aerodynamic heating. Its thermal stability was high enough to prevent coke and varnish deposits when used as a heat-sink for aircraft air conditioning and hydraulic systems and engine accessories.

JP-8
is a jet fuel, specified and used widely by the U.S. military. It is specified by MIL-DTL-83133 and British Defence Standard 91-87. JP-8 is a kerosene-based fuel, projected to remain in use at least until 2025. The United States military uses JP-8 as a "universal fuel" in both turbine-powered aircraft and diesel-powered ground vehicles. It was first introduced at NATO bases in 1978. Its NATO code is F-34.

JP-9
is a gas turbine fuel for missiles, specifically the Tomahawk cruise missile, containing the TH-dimer (tetrahydrodimethyldicyclopentadiene) produced by catalytic hydrogenation of methylpentadiene dimer.

JP-10
is a gas turbine fuel for missiles, specifically the AGM-86 ALCM cruise missile. It contains a mixture of (in decreasing order) endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene, exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (a synthetic fuel), and adamantane. It is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of dicyclopentadiene. It superseded JP-9 fuel, achieving a lower low-temperature service limit of . It is also used by the Tomahawk jet-powered subsonic cruise missile.

JPTS
was a combination of LF-1 charcoal lighter fluid and an additive to improve thermal oxidative stability officially known as "Thermally Stable Jet Fuel".  It was developed in 1956 for the Pratt & Whitney J57 engine which powered the Lockheed U-2 spy plane.

Zip fuel
designates a series of experimental boron-containing "high energy fuels" intended for long range aircraft. The toxicity and undesirable residues of the fuel made it difficult to use. The development of the ballistic missile removed the principal application of zip fuel.

Syntroleum
has been working with the USAF to develop a synthetic jet fuel blend that will help them reduce their dependence on imported petroleum. The USAF, which is the United States military's largest user of fuel, began exploring alternative fuel sources in 1999. On December 15, 2006, a B-52 took off from Edwards Air Force Base for the first time powered solely by a 50–50 blend of JP-8 and Syntroleum's FT fuel. The seven-hour flight test was considered a success. The goal of the flight test program was to qualify the fuel blend for fleet use on the service's B-52s, and then flight test and qualification on other aircraft.

Piston engine use

Jet fuel is very similar to diesel fuel, and in some cases, may be used in diesel engines. The possibility of environmental legislation banning the use of leaded avgas (fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engine, which usually contains tetraethyllead (TEL), a toxic substance added to prevent engine knocking), and the lack of a replacement fuel with similar performance, has left aircraft designers and pilot's organizations searching for alternative engines for use in small aircraft. As a result, a few aircraft engine manufacturers, most notably Thielert and Austro Engine, have begun offering aircraft diesel engines which run on jet fuel which may simplify airport logistics by reducing the number of fuel types required. Jet fuel is available in most places in the world, whereas avgas is only widely available in a few countries which have a large number of general aviation aircraft. A diesel engine may be more fuel-efficient than an avgas engine. However, very few diesel aircraft engines have been certified by aviation authorities. Diesel aircraft engines are uncommon today, even though opposed-piston aviation diesel powerplants such as the Junkers Jumo 205 family had been used during the Second World War.

Jet fuel is often used in diesel-powered ground-support vehicles at airports. However, jet fuel tends to have poor lubricating ability in comparison to diesel, which increases wear in fuel injection equipment. An additive may be required to restore its lubricity. Jet fuel is more expensive than diesel fuel but the logistical advantages of using one fuel can offset the extra expense of its use in certain circumstances.

Jet fuel contains more sulfur, up to 1,000 ppm, which therefore means it has better lubricity and does not currently require a lubricity additive as all pipeline diesel fuels require.  The introduction of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel or ULSD brought with it the need for lubricity modifiers. Pipeline diesels before ULSD were able to contain up to 500 ppm of sulfur and were called Low Sulfur Diesel or LSD. In the United States LSD is now only available to the off-road construction, locomotive and marine markets. As more EPA regulations are introduced, more refineries are hydrotreating their jet fuel production, thus limiting the lubricating abilities of jet fuel, as determined by ASTM Standard D445.

Synthetic jet fuel

Fischer–Tropsch (FT) Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) synthetic fuels are certified for use in United States and international aviation fleets at up to 50% in a blend with conventional jet fuel. As of the end of 2017, four other pathways to SPK are certified, with their designations and maximum blend percentage in brackets: Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA SPK, 50%); synthesized iso-paraffins from hydroprocessed fermented sugars (SIP, 10%); synthesized paraffinic kerosene plus aromatics (SPK/A, 50%); alcohol-to-jet SPK (ATJ-SPK, 30%). Both FT and HEFA based SPKs blended with JP-8 are specified in MIL-DTL-83133H.

Some synthetic jet fuels show a reduction in pollutants such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and sometimes carbon emissions.  It is envisaged that usage of synthetic jet fuels will increase air quality around airports which will be particularly advantageous at inner city airports.
 Qatar Airways became the first airline to operate a commercial flight on a 50:50 blend of synthetic Gas to Liquid (GTL) jet fuel and conventional jet fuel. The natural gas derived synthetic kerosene for the six-hour flight from London to Doha came from Shell's GTL plant in Bintulu, Malaysia.
 The world's first passenger aircraft flight to use only synthetic jet fuel was from Lanseria International Airport to Cape Town International Airport on September 22, 2010. The fuel was developed by Sasol.

Chemist Heather Willauer is leading a team of researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory who are developing a process to make jet fuel from seawater. The technology requires an input of electrical energy to separate Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2) gas from seawater using an iron-based catalyst, followed by an oligomerization step wherein carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen are recombined into long-chain hydrocarbons, using zeolite as the catalyst. The technology is expected to be deployed in the 2020s by U.S. Navy warships, especially nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.

On February 8, 2021, the world's first scheduled passenger flight flew with some synthetic kerosene from a non-fossil fuel source. 500 liters of synthetic kerosene was mixed with regular jet fuel. Synthetic kerosene was produced by Shell and the flight was operated by KLM.

USAF synthetic fuel trials
On August 8, 2007, Air Force Secretary Michael Wynne certified the B-52H as fully approved to use the FT blend, marking the formal conclusion of the test program.
This program is part of the Department of Defense Assured Fuel Initiative, an effort to develop secure domestic sources for the military energy needs. The Pentagon hopes to reduce its use of crude oil from foreign producers and obtain about half of its aviation fuel from alternative sources by 2016. With the B-52 now approved to use the FT blend, the USAF will use the test protocols developed during the program to certify the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III and then the Rockwell B-1B Lancer to use the fuel. To test these two aircraft, the USAF has ordered  of FT fuel. The USAF intends to test and certify every airframe in its inventory to use the fuel by 2011. They will also supply over  to NASA for testing in various aircraft and engines.

The USAF has certified the B-1B, B-52H, C-17, Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom (as QF-4 target drones), McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, and Northrop T-38 Talon to use the synthetic fuel blend.

The U.S. Air Force's C-17 Globemaster III, F-16 and F-15 are certified for use of hydrotreated renewable jet fuels. The USAF plans to certify over 40 models for fuels derived from waste oils and plants by 2013. The U.S. Army is considered one of the few customers of biofuels large enough to potentially bring biofuels up to the volume production needed to reduce costs. The U.S. Navy has also flown a Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet dubbed the "Green Hornet" at 1.7 times the speed of sound using a biofuel blend. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funded a $6.7 million project with Honeywell UOP to develop technologies to create jet fuels from biofeedstocks for use by the United States and NATO militaries.

In April 2011, four USAF F-15E Strike Eagles flew over the Philadelphia Phillies opening ceremony using a blend of traditional jet fuel and synthetic biofuels. This flyover made history as it was the first flyover to use biofuels in the Department of Defense.

Jet biofuels

The air transport industry is responsible for 2–3 percent of man-made carbon dioxide emitted. Boeing estimates that biofuels could reduce flight-related greenhouse-gas emissions by 60 to 80 percent. One possible solution which has received more media coverage than others would be blending synthetic fuel derived from algae with existing jet fuel:

 Green Flight International became the first airline to fly jet aircraft on 100% biofuel. The flight from Reno Stead Airport in Stead, Nevada was in an Aero L-29 Delfín piloted by Carol Sugars and Douglas Rodante.
 Boeing and Air New Zealand are collaborating with Tecbio Aquaflow Bionomic and other jet biofuel developers around the world.
 Virgin Atlantic successfully tested a biofuel blend consisting of 20 percent babassu nuts and coconut and 80 percent conventional jet fuel, which was fed to a single engine on a 747 flight from London Heathrow to Amsterdam Schiphol.
 A consortium consisting of Boeing, NASA's Glenn Research Center, MTU Aero Engines (Germany), and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory is working on development of jet fuel blends containing a substantial percentage of biofuel.
 British Airways and Velocys have entered into a partnership in the UK to design a series of plants that convert household waste into jet fuel.
24 commercial and military biofuel flights have taken place using Honeywell "Green Jet Fuel," including a Navy F/A-18 Hornet.
 In 2011, United Continental Holdings was the first United States airline to fly passengers on a commercial flight using a blend of sustainable, advanced biofuels and traditional petroleum-derived jet fuel. Solazyme developed the algae oil, which was refined utilizing Honeywell's UOP process technology, into jet fuel to power the commercial flight.

Solazyme produced the world's first 100 percent algae-derived jet fuel, Solajet, for both commercial and military applications.

Oil prices increased about fivefold from 2003 to 2008, raising fears that world petroleum production is becoming unable to keep up with demand. The fact that there are few alternatives to petroleum for aviation fuel adds urgency to the search for alternatives. Twenty-five airlines were bankrupted or stopped operations in the first six months of 2008, largely due to fuel costs.

In 2015 ASTM approved a modification to Specification D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels to permit up to 50 ppm (50 mg/kg) of FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) in jet fuel to allow higher cross-contamination from biofuel production.

Worldwide consumption of jet fuel
Worldwide demand of jet fuel has been steadily increasing since 1980. Consumption more than tripled in 30 years from 1,837,000 barrels/day in 1980, to 5,220,000 in 2010. Around 30% of the worldwide consumption of jet fuel is in the US (1,398,130 barrels/day in 2012).

Taxation
Article 24 of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 7 December 1944 stipulates that when flying from one contracting state to another, the kerosene that is already on board aircraft may not be taxed by the state where the aircraft lands, nor by a state through whose airspace the aircraft has flown. However, there is no tax regulation in the Chicago Convention to refuel the aircraft before departure. The Chicago Convention does not preclude a kerosene tax on domestic flights and on refueling before international flights.

Kerosene tax can be levied throughout the European Union on domestic flights and between Member States according to the 2003 Energy Taxation Directive. In the United States, most states tax jet fuel.

Health effects
General health hazards associated with exposure to jet fuel vary according to its components, exposure duration (acute vs. long-term), route of administration (dermal vs. respiratory vs. oral), and exposure phase (vapor vs. aerosol vs. raw fuel). Kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures which may contain up to 260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds including toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes. While time-weighted average hydrocarbon fuel exposures can often below recommended exposure limits, peak exposure can occur, and the health impact of occupational exposures is not fully understood.  Evidence of the health effects of jet fuels comes from reports on both temporary or persisting biological from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels, or the constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products.  The effects studied include: cancer, skin conditions, respiratory disorders, immune and hematological disorders, neurological effects, visual and hearing disorders, renal and hepatic diseases, cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, genotoxic and metabolic effects.

See also

References

External links
 History of Jet Fuel
 MIL-DTL-5624U
 MIL-DTL-83133H
 Aviation Fuel Properties 1983

Aviation fuels
Liquid fuels
Petroleum products
Occupational safety and health


Heinrich saw vending machines everywhere when he visited Japan.
Merril knows how to win.
I'll visit Mickey's house tomorrow.
I think that's exactly what Raja is expecting you do.
Kirsten suggested I go with him to Boston.
Kyu was in bed with a cold.
Lee put the spare tire in the trunk of his car.
I assume this is due to the fact that Kylo is a minor.
Diana was barely able to breathe.
Wolfgang and Carlos exchanged a look of concern.
Herbert has no shortage of friends.
Blair can't get the lid off.
Marcia put the mop behind the door.
I want to speak with Kieran now.
Robert has always been very good to me.
Why does Anita always look so tired?
Sharada's dying for that apple.
We knew Sergio was there.
Brett can come, too, if he wants to.
I'll tell Scott when to go.
Ramiro has a low frustration tolerance.
Jacques almost always goes to work by car.
Rhonda is head and shoulders above others.
Tell me a little about Shahid.
I asked Syd why he did it.


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As I write this, there is a major kerfuffle in the Australian Federal Parliament about citizenship. In the Australian constitution, you can't be a dual citizen or even have the entitlement to be a dual citizen, if you interpret Section 44 literally (and I am not a lawyer, not even close). Now as Australia is very much a multicultural society and its parliament should reflect its constituency, this is now starting to pose a big problem for elected parliamentarians from all political persuasions. The current issue is with the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia. Watch this space.
There are rules around what has to be disclosed when a person wants to nominate to run for parliament and having their ID and citizenship status confirmed is one of many. This is also the same when you register with your favourite recruitment agency (obviously people2people). When we opened our doors in February 2005, our request for photo ID for every candidate registering with us was quite novel and we were asked a lot of questions, particularly by those not on overseas working visas, but 'locals'. In 2017, we are all used to showing our photo ID for just about everything. I was even asked for my ID when I deposited a cheque (of a modest amount I might add) to my bank.
It's our business to ensure you are who you say you are and also have the working rights required for the type of work you want to perform, ie permanent or temporary. When a hiring manager lodges a vacancy with us, it's the expectation that the successful applicant is bona fide and also can work, legally. It's very rare, actually almost never, that a hiring manager will come to us with the expectation that they will offer a 457 or related sponsorship to enable an applicant to work beyond their visa limitations. So if you are not a permanent resident or an Australian citizen, we will process your application with an immigration department check and ensure that you are notified when your working visa is close to its expiry date. In addition, the use of police background checks is also becoming more common and not just for positions which are in sensitive professions, such as working with children or money.
It's a fact of life now, that no matter where you go, you will be asked for your ID. When you register for work, this will also include your working rights.
Although sadly, I am not asked for my ID anymore when I buy a beer, they won't even take it if I offer it…..!


I'm sure he meant to post a picture of their new rail, which has a common rail and 47/48.
That's right I did. Boy ruff crowd.
Just poking. No offense intended.
Anyone else see the Firepunk video on facebook?
It sure made them giddy! I'd have probably shat myself, personally.
Last edited by CRT; 11-11-2018 at 08:13 PM.


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This paper analyzes the degree of persistence of the ex-post real interest rates of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) using long-memory ARFIMA models, as well as unit root tests with structural breaks. For the period ranging from July 2000 to December 2012, the results show very high persistence, and non-stationarity but mean reversion for all countries, except for Russia, which showed signs of non-stationarity and no mean reversion. However, when structural breaks were accounted for, the results indicate that part of the persistence found previously in the real interest rates of China, South Africa and India was due to those breaks. Brazil was not influenced by the breaks but was able to keep its pattern of high persistence, but with mean reversion. Russia, on the other hand, kept its pattern of non-stationarity and no influence of breaks.


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BHOPAL: In a strange incident, a youth was arrested and is in jail for five months over objectionable comments allegedly posted in a whats app group by others.
The youth who posted the comment exited the group and as per WhatsApp's default settings that make any other person default administration, he was made the group admin and hence got arrested for being responsible for the comments in the group.
The youth, Junaid Mev, who hails from Talen in Rajgarh, was slapped not just with IT Act but also booked for sedition. The youth's family says that a group admin had posted a comment and when it led to objections, he exited the group.
The post was allegedly by one Irfan. One of the admins, Raja Gurjar, left the group. The next default admins also quit the group soon. Then, Junaid became the admin by default, and as a result he was held responsible and booked.
The family members say that they made a complaint on CM helpline and even tried to meet police officials but to no avail. They rue that not only the youth's career is in jeopardy, he has been in jail for months now, without bail. The police officials say that the family's complaint would be examined and it will be verified.


text:
When You Believe
by Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston
Album: The Prince of Egypt: Original Soundtrack (1997)
Charted: 4 15
The song's message is that when you believe in God and trust in him miracles will happen.
This was recorded as a duet by the two superstar vocalists as the main theme for The Prince Of Egypt film. It won the 1998 Oscar for Best Film Song for the writers Stephen Schwartz and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds. Schwartz has been the lyricist for several movies including Pocahontas (1995), The Hunchback Of Notre Dame (1996) and Enchanted (2007). The Prince Of Egypt was the first movie for which he contributed toward the composing as well as the lyrics.
This was a chart-topper in several countries, including The Philippines, Israel, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
In 2007 Leon Jackson, the fourth winner of the British talent show The X Factor, recorded this as his debut single. It was released a few days after he was announced as the winner. Schwartz tweaked the lyrics for Jackson's version. Jackson only included this as a bonus track on his debut album Right Now. He explained to the Daily Record October 10, 2008: "I didn't include it on the album proper because it was then and this is now. It was made for four people who could have been the winner of X Factor and I did the best I could with it."
In the film, this song was performed by Michelle Pfeiffer and Sally Dworsky (dubbing for Sandra Bullock) as their characters Tzipporah, wife of Moses and Miriam, respectively. The song appears at the film's climax just before the parting of the Red Sea.
This version of the song was produced by Hans Zimmer, who composed the score for the film. It also appears on the soundtrack along with the Whitney/Mariah version.
More songs from Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston
More songs that were hits for more than one artist
More songs about spirituality or religion
More songs that won Oscars
More songs used in movies
Lyrics to When You Believe
Kato from Belgrade, SerbiaI absolutely love this song, though I prefer the original voices. I loved that this movie and this song appeal to a very large audience: you can be Jewish, Muslim, Christian, whatever and still enjoy this. It's hard to do and all of the singers did a great job!
Christopher from Charlotte, NcReliable sources say that Michelle's and Sally's vocals were recorded earlier than those of Whitney and Mariah who sang the pop version during the closing credits. So even though both versions are on the soundtrack and in the film, Since Michelle and Sally recorded theirs earlier, the Mariah/Whitney version is considered a cover. So this song need to also go into the
category of "More Songs Originally Recorded By Other Artists. Personally I like the original Pfeiffer/Dworsky duet better.
Jazzz from FrankfurtPretty good song, but it's one of those "God is light and love and happiness" kind of messages. They clearly tried to appeal to the biggest audience possible. Christianity has started to sell well. Oh, ok, in this song, Christ isn't even the topic, so even a happy Muslim or Jewish person will sing along. Let's all chime in "When you ..." Sorry for the sarcasm.
The Real Nick DrakeSong Writing
The head of Drake's estate shares his insights on the late folk singer's life and music.
Lajon Witherspoon of SevendustSongwriter Interviews
The Sevendust frontman talks about the group's songwriting process, and how trips to the Murder Bar helped forge their latest album.
Guy ClarkSongwriter Interviews
Vince Gill, Emmylou Harris and Lyle Lovett are just a few of the artists who have looked to Clark for insightful, intelligent songs.
Lou Gramm - "Waiting For A Girl Like You"They're Playing My Song
Gramm co-wrote this gorgeous ballad and delivered an inspired vocal, but the song was the beginning of the end of his time with Foreigner.
Yoko OnoSongwriter Interviews
At 80 years old, Yoko has 10 #1 Dance hits. She discusses some of her songs and explains what inspired John Lennon's return to music in 1980.


They expect us to tolerate, but they can't??? It goes both ways people!
Intolerance and hypocrisy at it's worst!
One has the right to chose and live by a standard of faith / belief system and they should not fear retaliation because of it. Gay rights activists are themselves promoting a right to chose so why when the shoe is on the other foot are they saying others cannot. Or is your agency / company only supporting the peoples right to chose what you wish them to believe. That is not a choice..that could be equated to black mail / prejudice.
Unbelievable discrimination. If the role was reversed the ACLU would be all over this, so I say goodbye to Mozilla and back to IE.
I have used Firefox for many years and have been quite satisfied with the browser and have highly recommended it to many, many people. As of today I am removing Firefox from all 6 of my computers, and it will remain removed until your pro-gay, discrimination is ended with public apologies to your former CEO and to the ENTIRE religious community. Your action is totally discriminatory and will NOT be tolerated.


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