text:
Intramoot Court Competition 2019
Diunggah oleh Rvi Mahay
simpanSimpan Intramoot Court Competition 2019 Untuk Nanti
Tenancy Agreement - Jb
Rental Contract2
Proposal for Management of Your Upcoming City View Flats Along Kipande Road Final
Townsend Brochure
Fitout Incentives LH v2 4 3 10
Michigan Month to Month Lease Agreement
Active Sports Rental AGREEMENT
A Guide to Tenant's Rights in a Lease
Apartment Contract
Brief Essay on Land Reforms in India
ncic-ch09
Case Law Digest on Tenancy and Rent Law
Housing Minister Simon Coveney is a Landlord
Colorado Renters Guide
Syllabus+Spring+2015+v5
Application for Tenancyasdfasdf
Digest of Agrarian
1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ 03
2. INDEX OFAUTHORITIES .................................................................................. 04
3. STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION ................................................................... 07
4. STATEMENT OF FACTS .................................................................................... 08
5. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS ........................................................................... 12
6. ARGUMENT IN ADVANCE ............................................................................... 13
7. PRAYER ................................................................................................................ 26
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENT Page 1
AIR All India Reporter
Ans Anothers
Art Article
Cl.Ap Civil Appeal
TPA Transfer of Property Act
H.C. High Court
WBPTA West Bengal Premises And Tenancy Act
Ld Learned
Ors Others
r/w Read with
S.C Supreme Court
SCC Supreme Court Case
Sec Section
u/a Under Article
u/s Under Section
v. Versus
CPC Code of Civil Procedure
p.g Page
L.n Line
3|Page
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Sr. Case name Citation Page
no. no.
1. 3Ammal V. G. Thangapalam (1995) 6 SCC 213 14
2. B arvind kumar v. Union of Writ Petition (Civil) No. 462/2007 14,20
3. Bishwanath V. Anjali AIR1975 Cal.45 25
4. 1C. Sarala v. Nalinak bhan AIR 1991 Ker 362 18
5. 8Chandrasekhar singh & ors. (1979) 3 SCC 118 17,30
. Vs. Siva ram singh & ors
6. 1Chunilal v. Mehta and sons (2001) 6 SCC 652 14
. ltd. Century spg. And mfg.
Co. Ltd
7. 1Deokinandan boobna v hara (1988) 1 Cal LJ 278: (1981) 1 CHN 180. 24
7Sundar sarkar
8. 1Jibon v taramoyee AIR 1979 Cal 383 22
9. Kashibai V. Parwatibai (1996) 3 SCC 392 14
10. Kk. Verma v. Union of india 1905 ILR Bom 213 22
11. 8M. Narasimha reddy v. M. AIR1976 A.P.77 25
. Moosamma
12. 1M.r.s. ramakrishnan v. AIR 1982 Mad 431 22
4Assistant director of ex-
. servicemen welfare
13. 2N.c dastane v. S dastane AIR 1957S.C 1534 26
14. 1Nanalal girgharlal v. AIR 1973 Guj 131 21
1Gulamnabi jamaibhai
. Moterwala
15. 5Nathu lal v. Union of india AIR 1932 All 65 15, 20
16. 2Pushpa rana v.vijay pal AIR1994 All 216 27
17. 7Ramsewak v sain datta AIR 1967 Del 113 16,24
18. 1Raptakos brett and co. Ltd AIR 1998 7 SCC 184 22
5V. Ganesh property,
19. 1Rudrappa V. Narsingrao (1905) LR 29 Bom 213 22
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENT
20. 2S jayakumari v. S. Krishna AIR1995 Ker 139 at 140 26
1Nair
21. 9S. Hanumantha rao v. S AIR 1999 SC 1318 at 1320 18, 26
. raman
22. 6Secy, of state v. Bhupal 39 Ind Cas 409 15,21
. chandraray
23. 2Sulekha bairangi v. Kamala AIR 1980 Cal 370 26
0kant bairangi
Statutes Referred
 TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT
 WEST BENGAL PREMISIS AND TENANCY ACT
 CONSTITUTION OF INDICA 1950
 CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
 HINDU MARRIAGE ACT 1955
Books and Commentary
 Dr. AVTAR SINGH – THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT
 VEPA. P. SARATHI – TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT
Serial No Title Web Address
1 Manupatra www.manupatra.co.in/
2 Lexis Nexis www.lexisnexis.co.in/
3 Live Law www.livelaw.in/
4 SCC Online www.scconline.in/
5 The Wire www.thewire.in/
6 Calcutta High Court www.calcuttahighcourt.nic.in/
Serial No Title
1 Merriam-Webster's Law Dictionary: Legal Terms in Plain English
2 Dictionary of Law - Oxford Reference
3 Black's Law Dictionary
MEMORIAL ON THE BEHALF OF RESPONDENTS
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
It is humbly submitted that Appellant has approached this Hon'ble High Court under Article 227
of the Constitution of Indica 1950. and Section 100 of Code of Civil Procedure.
The respondents have appeared to the Hon'ble H.C of Metropolis, Indica in response to the
appeal filed by the appellant.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
1. Rahul and Riya both are residents of Ambridge, a town in State of Metropolis, Indica and
are Hindus, they got married in February, 2011at Ambridge, Indica under the Hindu
Marriage Act, 1955. Immediately after their marriage both of them shifted to Jabalpur,
another city of Metropolis State, Indica, where Rahul is working since 2009.
2. Rahul and Riya took a flat on rent in Jamalpur after shifting to the new city. Mr. Ramakant
Shukla is their landlord who stays on the 2nd floor and gives the 1st floor on rent to Rahul
and Riya.
3. Mr. Ramakant Shukla makes an agreement for 11 months (i.e. from 01st March, 2011 to
28th February, 2012) with Rahul and Riya regarding renting the flat and handing over the
premises to both of them on 10,000/- per month.
4. Rahul and Riya started living in the aforementioned premises from 01st March, 2011.
Things were going good until Rahul lost his job in last week of May, 2011. However, Riya
was completely unaware of this incident.
5. Riya started working in a KidZee in Jamalpur as she used to get bored at home after Rahul
left for job. Riya was paid Rs. 5000/- per month. Rahul used to earn Rs. 20000/- per month.
6. Due to the loss of job of Rahul, the rent of the property remained due for 6 months
consecutively. However, Riya did not know the reason for such delay as to the payment of
the rent and kept on asking Rahul, while Rahul was trying to avoid confronting Riya.
7. At last, in November, 2011 Mr. Ramakant Shukla sent a notice to the Couple expressing his
desire to not continue the agreement with the couple. The said notice also disclosed that Mr.
Ramakant Shukla wanted the couple to leave the premises within 1 month.
8. Receiving this notice Riya confronted Rahul that followed a heated argument. Following
the argument Riya was informed about the unemployed status of Rahul.
9. Following this Riya left that house on 01st December, 2011 and went to her home at
Ambridge. Rahul made several attempts to call her and talk to her; however, everything
seemed to go in vain. Riya did not pay any heed and stayed back in her parental home.
10. It was on 22nd April, 2015 Riya came back to the shared flat at Jamalpur that the couple
had rented.
11. Mr. Ramakant shukla made repeated requests to Rahul during the absence of Riya to pay
the rent. However, every time Rahul has paid month for some months and then became
defaulter again and again for several months. Therefore, the payment of rent was irregular
in nature.
12. After coming back Riya asked Rahul to leave the said flat and also talked to Mr. Ramakant
Shukla that from now onwards Riya would stay in the flat and would pay the rent. Riya also
informed Rahul that she wanted to divorce him as he hide the fact of his unemployment to
her thereby causing mental trauma.
13. Mr. Ramakant Shukla did not want to face any unwanted problem therefore, he asked Riya
to vacate that flat no matter she agreed to pay the rent. Mr. Ramakant shukla has issued a
notice for eviction to the couple in May, 2015.
14. When the couple did not vacate the premises Mr. Ramakant Shukla filed a suit for eviction
against Mr. Rahul and Ms. Riya before the Controller in June, 2015.
Ms. Riya in the abovementioned suit contended that
a. she was having a matrimonial dispute with her husband regarding which she had
to take a decision,
b. She had a job in Jamalpur therefore she wished to stay back in the town and did
not want to go back to her parental home and be a burden upon her parents,
c. She needed a safe place to stay in the city
Therefore, vacating the premises would not be possible for her. She made a prayer before
the Controller to order for the continuation of the tenancy.
Mr. Ramakant Shukla contended that
a. He requires the suit property for his personal use, &
b. The couple became defaulter in paying the rent amount.
Therefore, he prayed before the Controller to order for eviction of the
couple.
15. Simultaneously, Rahul filed a suit for Restitution of Conjugal rights under section 9 of the
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 before the District Court stated-
a. The reason because of which Riya has withdrawn herself from the conjugal
relationship with him is unreasonable,
b. That he wanted to continue this marriage with Riya.
16. The Controller in the suit for eviction decided in favour of Mr. Ramakant Shukla and
ordered Ms. Riya to vacate the suit property.
17. The suit for restitution of conjugal right between Mr. Rahul and Ms. Riya was still pending
before the competent court.
18. After the decision of the Controller Mr. Rahul left the suit property. However, Ms. Riya did
not vacate the suit property and decided to file an appeal before the Tribunal.
19. An appeal was filed by Ms. Riya against the decision of the Controller to the Tribunal.
However, the Tribunal upheld the decision of the Controller and asked Ms. Riya to vacate
the suit property.
20. Aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal Ms. Riya filed an appeal before the High Court
of Metropolis, Indica contending that the order of the trial court regarding eviction of Ms.
Riya from the suit property amounted to grave injustice. Therefore, the Appellate court
should consider the situation and order accordingly.
21. During the pendency of the appeal before the High Court of Metropolis, Indica the issue of
matrimonial dispute between Ms. Riya and her Husband Mr. Rahul came up. This also led
to the disclosure of pendency of suit for restitution of conjugal rights before the District
22. Considering the issue of matrimonial dispute between Mr. Rahul and Ms. Riya an important
issue, the High Court of Metropolis issued a notice under Article 227 of the Constitution of
Indica to the District Court and took up the suit for adjudication.
12 | P a g e
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS
1. Whether the present suit is maintainable both in law and in fact?
This is humbly submitted before this honorable court that the rent appeal is not maintainable in
law and facts, That the rent petition nothing involve the any substantial question of law and as
well facts are not as such it may allowed by the Hon'ble court. The matrimonial petition is
maintainable in law and facts.
2. Whether there is landlord and tenant relationship between Ms. Riya and Mr. Ramakant
Shukla under the Transfer of Property Act?
It is humbly submitted before the Hon'ble court that the Appellant is not a tenant and Respondent
is the Landlord u/s 105 of Transfer of Property Act and u/s 3(g) and 3(c) of The West Bengal
Premises Tenancy Act, 1997. The decision of the Controller and tribunal is valid and justifiable.
3. Whether concealment of the fact of unemployment of Mr. Rahul is just and reasonable
ground for withdrawal from the conjugal relationship by Ms. Riya?
This is to be submitted before the honorable court that the concealment of fact of unemployment
of respondent no. 2 is a not reasonable ground for withdrawal from the conjugal relationship.
That the respondent no. 2 had no any malafide intension to concealment of fact of
unemployment.
Whether the High Court of Metropolis, Indica has the power to take up any case from a
Subordinate Court under Article 227 of the Constitution of Indica?
It is humbly submitted before this Hon'ble court that the power of H.C under article 227 of the
constitution of Indica is maintainable in the present case as there is nexus between these two
matters. And the court having wider powers under Article 228 to call a matter from subordinate
ARGUMENT IN ADVANCED
This is humbly submitted before this honorable court that the rent appeal is maintainable in law
and facts but the matrimonial petition is not maintainable in law and facts.
1.1 Whether rent appeal maintainable in law?
It is humbly submitted before this Hon'ble H.C of Metropolis, Indica that the present appeal is not
maintainable u/s 100 of CPC. H.C is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law
but in present appeal does not include any substantial question of law.
As per Section 100 of CPC the second appeal to the High Court from an appellate decree.
Second appeal:
(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any other law for the
time being in force, an appeal shall lie to the High Court from every decree passed in appeal by
any court subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a
substantial question of law.
(3) In an appeal under this section, the memorandum of appeal shall precisely state the
substantial question of law involved in the appeal.
(4) Where the High Court is satisfied that a substantial question of law is involved in any case, it
shall formulate that question1
In Annapoorani Ammal v. G. Thangapalam the Supreme Court held that a perusal of Section 100
CPC clearly indicates that the High Court had the jurisdiction to interfere only when a substantial
question of law is involved and even then it is expected that such a question shall be so framed
although the court is not bound by that question as the proviso indicates.2
Section 100 of Code of civil Procedure
(1995) 6 SCC 213
Chunilal V. Mehta and Sons Ltd. v. Century Spg. and Mfg. Co. Ltd.while determining the
said expression occurring in Article 133(1) of the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court laid
down the test as follows:
"The proper test for determining whether a question of law raised in the case is substantial
would, in our opinion, be whether it is of general public importance or whether it directly and
substantially affects the rights of the parties and if so whether it is either an open question in the
sense that it is not finally settled by this Court or by the Privy Council or by the Federal Court or
is not free from difficulty or calls for discussion of alternative views. If the question is settled by
the highest court or the general principles to be applied in determining the question are well
settled and there is a mere question of applying those principles or that the plea raised is palpably
absurd the question would not be a substantial question of law."3
The present case does not involve the substantial question of law and nothing anything of general
public importance is involved in the present case .
Kashibai v. Parwatibai the Supreme Court observed as under:
"It may not be out of place to mention that sub-section (1) of Section 100 of the Code of Civil
Procedure explicitly provides that an appeal shall lie to the High Court from every decree passed
in appeal by any court subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that the case
involves a substantial question of law. Sub-section (4) of Section 100 provides that when the
High Court is satisfied that a substantial question of law is involved in any case it shall formulate
that question."4
Ammal v. G. Thangapalam the Supreme Court held that a perusal of Section 100 CPC clearly
indicates that the High Court had the jurisdiction to interfere only when a substantial question of
law is involved and even then it is expected that such a question shall be so framed although the
court is not bound by that question as the proviso indicates.5
public importance is involved in the present case.
In M.S.V. Raja v. Seeni Thevar it was held by the Supreme Court that the formulation of a
substantial question of law may be inferred from the kind of questions actually considered and
decided by the High Court in second appeal, even though the substantial questions of law were not
specifically and separately formulated.6
1.2 Whether rent appeal maintainable in fact?
Anamika Roy v. Jatindra Chowrasiya and others, A lease of immovable property is a transfer of
a right to enjoy such property, made for a certain time, express or implied, or in perpetuity, in
consideration of a price paid or promised, or of money, a share of crops, service or any other thing of
value, to be rendered periodically or on specified occasions to the transferor by the transferee, who
accepts the transfer on such terms.7
According to the above mentioned cases and definition under section 105 of TPA clarifies that the
appellant is not the tenant of Respondent because all the ingredients are satisfied:
B Arvind Kumar V. Union of India the Supreme Court has given the essential ingredient under this
case. There should be a transfer of right to enjoy an immovable property; such transfer may be for a
certain term or in perpetuity. The transfer should be in consideration of a premium or rent the
transfer should be a bilateral transaction and the transferee accepting the term of transfer.8
According to the above mentioned case under section 105 of TPA clarifies that the appellant is not
the tenant of Respondent because all the ingredients are not satisfied:
Kalpana Gopalkrishna Singhania and ors. Vs. Naresh M. Kabra it was held as under Transfer of
Property Act, section 105 Suit for ejectment of defendant as trespasser Question whether defendant
is tenant. Recovery of rent from defendant by a person who is not owner of land in question it cannot
give right to defendant as tenant or amount to recognition of his alleged tenancy. Evidence Act, Suit
AIR 1963 SC 302
(2016) 10 SCC 209
Writ Petition (Civil) No. 462/2007
for ejectment of trespasser-plaintiff's title undisputed Burden of proof Failure of defendant to prove
his plea Effect Transfer of Property Act under section 105.Where in suit for ejectment of defendant
as trespasser the plaintiff proves his title and the defendant sets up plea of title by way of tenancy
under which he seeks to be in occupation of the suit land, it will be for him to establish that title.
Unless he does so, the plaintiff by virtue of his title will be entitled to possession of suit land and the
defendant must be held to be trespasser.9
Nathu lal v. Union of India Every tenancy is based upon an agreement between two persons
and contains covenants expressed or implied by one person with the other. The tenancy must
stand or fall with the agreement on which it is founded and with the covenants contained in it and
they fall so does the tenancy.6
According to the above mentioned cases and definition under section 105 of TPA clarifies that
the appellant is the tenant of Respondent because all the ingredients are satisfied:
The appellant have a transfer right to enjoy an immovable property. The appellant and
respondent make a valid agreement for a specific time period in which appellant name is
mentioned. An agreement for 11 months (i.e. from 01st March, 2011 to 28th February, 2012)
with Rahul and Riya regarding renting the flat and handing over the premises to both of them on
10,000/- per month.
The appellant has a personal issues as she had a job in Jamalpur therefore she wished to stay
back in the town and did not want to go back to her parental home and be a burden upon her
parents moreover she needed a safe place to stay in the city
Priyavarte Mehta vs Amrendu Banerjee, it provides that if the amount of 2 months' rent,
lawfully payable by the tenant and due from him is in arrears and if tenant has not paid within time
fixed by the contract or if there is no such contract than by the last day of the month next following
that for which the rent is payable and not having deposited the rent in accordance with the provision
of the said Act, will be liable for eviction.10
In the present scenario after the arrear of rent takes the agreement at end there is an implied consent
2002(5)BomCR370
AIR 1997 Pat 114
of the appellant that the tenancy will be continued as the respondent no 2 did not able to pay rent.
Grounds for eviction: A landlord can ask the tenant to leave if he has completed the tenure as per
the lease agreement. Other valid grounds are refusal to pay the rent or indulging in unlawful
activities on your property. Landlord can demand eviction if the tenant has sub-let a part or all of
your property without your permission.
If applied in the present case the landlord have sufficient ground for eviction because the appellant
and respondent no.2 did not pay rent. The Controller and tribunal give valid and justifiable
decision.
In the present case the respondent no 1 gave the sufficient ground to evict the appellant and the all
the conditions are fulfilled by the respondent
1.3 Whether the matrimonial petition maintainable in law?
That the court having the wider powers to adjudicate the matter under Article 227 of Constituion of
indica and the appeal is maintainable In law. The hon'ble high court has clubbed the Appeal and the
suit for restitution of conjugal rights which is its inherent power and the constitutional right. The
power of high court to take up the case and club it with subject matter which are nexus with each
other are under the power of high court mentioned in Article 227 of constitution of Indica
In Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai the Apex Court held that, Article 227of the Constitution
confers on every High Court the power of superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout
the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction excepting any court or tribunal
constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces. The jurisdiction under Article227 can
be traced back to Section 15 of High Courts Act, 1861 which gave a power of judicial
superintendence to the High Court apart from and independently of the provisions of other laws
conferring revisionsal jurisdiction on the High Court. Section 107 of the Government of India Act,
1915 and then Section 224 of the Government of India Act, 1935 were similarly worded and
reproduced the predecessor provision. However, sub-section (2) was added in Section 224 which
confined the jurisdiction of the High Court to such judgments of the inferior courts which were not
otherwise subject to appeal or revision. That restriction has not been carried forward
in Article 227 of the Constitution.11
(2003 (6) SCC 675)
Article 227 determines that every High Court shall have superintendence over all courts and
tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction except a court
formed under a law related to armed forces..
1.4 Whether the matrimonial petition maintainable in fact?
In the present facts and circumstances of this case the concealment of unemployment by the
husband to his wife is not a resonable ground for Judicial Separation or divorce as now the
respondent no.2 is doing his job and able to fulfill the necessity of life. This appeal is maintainable
under in fact, this is a prima facie case.
Madhukar Bhaskar Sheorey v. Saral Madhukar Sheorey: Section 10 of the Hindu Marriage
Act provides six grounds for a decree for judicial separation. Three of the grounds, namely
desertion, cruelty and isolated acts of adultery are grounds which arise from a wrong committed by
one of the parties to the marriage. The remaining three grounds namely, one of venereal disease or
insanity may arise without a wrong committed by a party to the marriage. In all the six
cases Section 10(2) provides that after the passing of the decree for judicial separation the Court
may rescind the decree in proper cases. This may be if the Court is satisfied that the desertion is
over, the cruelty is ended or even that the party guilty of isolated acts of adultery has given up the
committing of the matrimonial offence, or in case of diseases that there has been a cure.12
In the above mentioned case in which the Hon'ble court states that there are only seven grounds of
judicial separations. Other than those grounds are not considered as reasonable ground. The
appellant has no such reasonable ground for judicial separation. That the unemployment is not a
reasonable ground to left the home.
AIR 1973 Bom 55
although the court is not bound by that question as the proviso indicates.13
This is submitted to this honourable court that the Appellant is not a tenant and Respondent is the
Landlord under Section 105 of Transfer of Property Act, That the agreement of tenency is signed
between the respondent no.1 and respondent no. 2 and the respondent no. 2 is only paying the
rent so appellant directly or indirectly not form any relation.
2.1 The appellant is not the tenant under Transfer of Property Act
B Arvind Kumar V. Union of India the Supreme Court has given the essential ingredient
under this case. There should be a transfer of right to enjoy an immovable property, such transfer
may be for a certain term or in perpetuity. The transfer should be in consideration of a premium
or rent The transfer should be a bilateral transection and the transferee accepting the term of
transfer14.
the appellant is the tenant of Respondent because all the ingredients are not satisfied:
In the case of Nathu lal v. Union of India Every tenancy is based upon an agreement between
two persons and contains covenants expressed or implied by one person with the other. The
tenancy must stand or fall with the agreement on which it is founded and with the covenants
contained in it and they fall so does the tenancy.15
AIR 1932 All 65
Secy, of State v. Bhupal chandraray It must be conceded that the right to exclusive possession
and enjoyment of the property let out to him is an important feature of the rights of a lessee.16
In the instant case there was no exclusive possession enjoyed by the appellant in the instant case
and she was come back to the property after 4 years.
Justice Bhagwati in the matter of Nanalal Girgharlal v. gulamnabi Jamaibhai Moterwala had
explained the concept of a tenant remain in possession of the property after determination of the
lease in India. He said that 'we do not think that tenant possession in a property after
determination of lease can be equated to the trespasser. When a tenant remain in possession of
the property after determination of lease in India undoubtedly becomes a tenant at sufferance but
If the landlord accept the rent from him and otherwise assents s to his continuing in possession,
the tenency is, in in the absence of an agreement to the contrary, renewed from year to year
according to the purporse for which the property is leased. The tenant has the judicial possession
of the property and no one can deprive him of such judicial possession'17
In the present scenario after the expiration of the agreement there is was no consent of any kind
in the present case as there was various notices which were sent by the landlord for the eviction
and thereafter he has filed in the court of law.
In Bhaurao v. Rakhmin, the Bombay High Court adopted with approval the following
definition of adverse possession given by Markby, J. in...the true owner has no right to
immediate possession no adverse possession can begin against him16
M.R.S. Ramakrishnan v. Assistant Director of Ex-Servicemen Welfare the Madras High
Court said that, 'the law in India and English Law in this respect are different. The landlord in
India, even if the lease had expired, will not be entitled to dispossess his tenant except by due
process of law20
So, the respondent in the instant case after giving various notices has files a suit for eviction and
got the favorable response.
Kestur Chand v Raman Rajan, Interpreting the definition of 'landlord' in Tamil Nadu Buildings
(1898) ILR 23 Bom 137 (FB)
(Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, the Supreme Court has also held that sub-section 2(6) of the
Tamil Nadu Act shows that any person acting on his own account or on behalf of another or on
behalf of himself and others is a landlord, that the definition being wide and also inclusive does not
exclude a person who at all material times acted as a landlord to the knowledge of all the parties
concerned and whose authority to deal with the premises has never been disputed and that a person
who so acts also falls within the definition not as a mere agent as defined u/s. 182 of the Contract
Act, that he may also be an agent, but not a mere agent and is much more than that particularly in
the light of the facts of this case. It has, therefore, been held that the respondent for all purposes was
treated by all the parties interested in the transaction as a landlord. Such a landlord is, therefore,
entitled to file a suit for eviction against the tenant on the ground of arrears of rent.17
2.2 Appellant is the tenant under The West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act18
Section 3(c) "landlord" includes any person who, for the time being, is receiving, or is entitled to
receive, the rent for any premises, whether on his own account or on account of, or on behalf of,
or for the benefit of, any other person or as a trustee, guardian or receiver for any other person or
who would so receive the rent or be entitled to receive the rent, if the premises were let to a
tenant.
A person who is the holder of a life interest under the Will may be a landlord—Jibon v
Taramoyee so also an assignee of the landlord of the lessee of the interest of the landlord.19
Section 3 (g) "tenant" means any person by whom or on whose account or behalf the rent of any
premises is or, but for a special contract, would be payable, and includes any person continuing
in possession after termination of his tenancy and, in the event of death of any tenant, also
includes, for a period not exceeding five years from the date of death of such tenant or from the
date of coming into force of this Act, whichever is later, his spouse, son, daughter, parent and the
widow of his predeceased son, who were ordinarily living with the tenant up to the date of death
of the tenant as the members of his family and were dependent on him and who do not own or
1997 [WEST BENGAL ACT XXXVII OF 1997]
AIR 1979 Cal 383
occupy any residential premises. Provided that the time-limit of five years shall not apply to the
spouse of the tenant who was ordinarily living with the tenant up to his death as a member of his
family and was dependent on him and who does not own or occupy any residential premises,
According to the above mentioned definition the appellant cover under the west Bengal premises
tenancy act as tenant and all the ingredients of the fulfil.
According to the section 3 of West Bengal Premises tenancy act include the dependent of the
tenant, as the appellant left from the premises her husband respondent no 2 continued to stay
there which means after leaving from the rental home the appellant is still a tenant of respondent
no 1 and also clearly shows the intention of respondent no 1 landlord that he wants to continue
the tenancy agreement and in tenancy agreement the name of the appellant is written as a tenant.
In both the ways appellant is the tenant of respondent no 1. Moreover the appllent told to the
respondent no.1 that she is duly and on time will pay the rent.
2.3 Whether the Mr. Ramakant Shuklataken has taken reasonable ground to evict the
appellant?
Protection of tenant against eviction.—(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in
any other law for the time being in force or in any contract, no order or decree for the recovery of
the possession of any premises shall be made by the Civil Judge having jurisdiction in favour of
the landlord against the tenant, except for certain grounds20
If applied the abovementioned section in the present case the protection to the appellant (tenant)
against the eviction should be given because the appellant does not cover under the exceptional
grounds mention in the section 6. The Controller and tribunal fail to give the justice to the
innocent and give its decision contrary to the law. Because of this the appellant is mentally
disturb and with no option left file an appeal to this honourable court.
The prayer by the respondent no 1 is that he requires the suit property for his personal use.
Before jumping to the conclusion of respondent prayer the two conditions is required to fulfil
The two conditions mentioned in the case of Ramsewak v Sain Datta a) He requires the suit
property for his personal use and b) that he has no other suitable accommodation. Other than
Section 6 of West Bengal premises and tenancy Act 2007
these two conditions the Controller shall consider whether the existing accommodation of the
landlord is sufficient to meet his requirement. The onus to establish the plea of requirement is
always upon the landlord. The landlord's claim will fall to ground if he has any alternative
suitable accommodation.21
Deokinandan Boobna v Hara Sundar Sarkar The Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court
has observed that section 13(1)(ff) of the 1956 Act as amended in 1969 has imposed a statutory
obligation on the landlord to plead and to prove that he is not in possession of any reasonably
suitable accommodation elsewhere in order to entitle him to recover possession of any tenanted
premises for his own occupation22
In the present case the respondent no 1 has a sufficient ground to evict the appellant and the
above two conditions are not fulfilled by the respondent. The appellant is protected under section
6 of West Bengal Premises and Tenancy Act as the rent was not paid for the 3 months and
moreover the respondent required the property for the personal use.
of respondent no. 2 is not reasonable ground for withdrawal from the conjugal relationship.
Whether unemployment is a materiel fact of husband is the ground for Judicial separation
or divorce?
Judicial separation-Either party to a marriage, whether solemnized before or after the
commencement of this Act, may present a petition praying for a decree for judicial separation on
any of the grounds specified in sub-section (1) of Section 13, and in the case of a wife also on
any of the grounds might have been presented.23
M. Narasimha Reddy v. M. Moosamma the judicial separations and arrangement by which
AIR 1967 Del 113
(1988) 1 Cal LJ 278: (1981) 1 CHN 180.
Husband and wife live a part by the court decree.24
So, for living separately a degree of judicial separation is required by the court of law which is
not taken by the wife and still she is living separately.
S. Hanumantha Rao v. S Raman The court held that removal of mangal sutra by wife to irritate
her husband may amount to mental cruelty but when it is done at the instance of the husband
himself such act cannot be said to be one that of cruelty25
There is no reasonable ground for judicial separation and divorce. The husbands loved his wife a
lot and don't want to give unnecessary tensions to her wise so he hidden the fact of his
unemployment from the wife.
3.1 Whether Under Section 9 of HMA the conjugal rights are granted in the present case?
Restitution of conjugal rights. - When either the husband or the wife has, without reasonable
excuse, withdrawn from the society of the other, the aggrieved party may apply, by petition to
the district court, for restitution of conjugal rights and the court, on being satisfied of the truth of
the statements made in such petition and that there is no legal ground why the application should
not be granted, may decree restitution of conjugal rights accordingly.
Explanation- Where a question arises whether there has been reasonable excuse for withdrawal
from the society, the burden of proving reasonable excuse shall be on the person who has
withdrawn from the society
P Radha Krishna v. P Vijay Lakshmi The expression reasonable excuse should not be
confused with reasonable cause or justification26
Here as no ground for matrimonial rlief is there hence, act of the wife amount to unreasonable
excuse it amounts mere to a justification,so it is prayed before this hon'ble court to grant the
directions for restitution of conjugal rights.
AIR1995 Ker 139 at 140
AIR 1999 SC 1318 at 1320
4. Whether the High Court of Metropolis, Indica has the power to take up any case from a
It is humbly submitted before this honorable court that the power of high court under article 227
of constitution of Indica is maintainable in the present case and there is nexus between these two
4.1 High Court power under article 227 of constitution of Indica is not maintainable in law.
Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
(1) Every High Court shall have superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the
territories interrelation to which it exercises jurisdiction
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, the High Court may
a) call for returns from such courts;
b) make and issue general rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and
proceedings of such courts; and
c) prescribe forms in which books, entries and accounts shall be kept by the officers
of any such courts27
The honorable high court has clubbed the Appeal and the suit for restitution of conjugal rights which is
witin its power and violating the constitutional right of appellant. The power of high court to take up the
case and club it with some other subject matter is within the scope of the power of high court mentioned
in Article 227 of constitution of Indica.
4.2 High Court power under article 227 of constitution of Indica is maintainable in Facts.
In the present case the appellant filed a second appeal in this honorable High Court, when the
case is running in the high court, the court found out that there is one more case in which the
appellant is a party, without so in the interest of justice and by seeing a proper nexus between
both the matters this honorable court club it together.
State, through Special Cell, New Delhi Vs. Navjot Sandhu @ Afshan Guru and Ors This
Court held that the power must be exercised sparingly, only to move subordinate courts and
Tribunals within the bounds of their authority to see that they obey the law. The power is not
ART 227 of constitution of indica 1950
available to be exercised to correct mere errors (whether on the facts or laws) and also cannot be
exercised "as the cloak of an appeal in disguise".28
So, the power of high court is wide enough to take up any case from a Subordinate Court under
Article 227.
In Umaji Keshao Meshram and Ors. vs. Smt. Radhikabai and Anr. Court observed that the
proceedings under Article 227 of the Constitution are supervisory. Article 227 significantly imitates
the provisions of Section 107 of the Government of India Act, 1915 aside from that the power of
superintendence has been reached out by this Article to tribunals too. Under Article 227 is planned
to be utilized sparingly and just in fitting cases to keep the subordinate courts and tribunals inside
the limits of their authority and not for rectifying unimportant mistakes. The power might be
exercised in cases occasioning grave injustice or disappointment of justice.29
JT 2003 (4) SC 605, para 28
(1986) Supp. SCC 401
In the light of issues raised, arguments advanced and authorities cited, the complainant most
humbly and respectfully pray and request the Hon'ble Court:
1) To dismiss the appeal
2) To order the wife for restoration of conjugal rights
3) TO GRANTANY OTHER RELIEF WHICH THE HON'BLE COURT MAY DEEM
FIT IN THE EYES OF JUSTICE, EQUITY AND GOOD CONSCIENCE.
All of which is respectfully submitted and for such act of kindness the defendant shall be
duty bound as ever pray.
(Counsel for Appellant)
Penguasa Wilayah
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The teaching of math, science and technology combines the best of traditional methodology with cutting edge contemporary practice.
Multimodal and hands-on instruction allows students to process information in a variety of ways and offers strategies which are beneficial for all learning styles. Manipulative tools and technology based online instructional methods (IXL MATH, teacher created videos, iPads) engage students in meaningful activities. For students who struggle with math conceptual learning, intensive remediation in our resource room provides them with the strategies they require for concept mastery. Students who are working at advanced levels in math receive enrichment.
Incorporating STEAM education (the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) allows us to meet the guidelines in a variety of unique and engaging ways. With an emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking, an active classroom offers students real life authentic application opportunities. Our 3D printer, makerspaces in each classroom, coding and robotics classes, trigger an excitement for inquisitive, exploratory learning. Visits to the Montreal Science Centre, Biodome, Botanical Gardens, Insectarium allow students to experience the world of science in their own community. Our outdoor garden classroom immerses students in the natural world in our own backyard.
The use of information and learning technology is embedded within teaching and learning, and supports students in an active process of discovery and innovation.


text:
Categories catalogue African, Afroasiatic, Asian, Australian, Austro... LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics (LSASL) LSASL 65: Brahui, a Dravidian Language
LSASL 65: Brahui, a Dravidian Language
Brahui, a Dravidian Language
Mikhail S. Andronov
Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian Academy of Sciences
The Brahui language, spoken by some 1,5 million people in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan, is the earliest offshoot of the Dravidian stock. Isolated from the kindred languages for several thousand years, it combines ancient features inherited from the Proto-Dravidian ancestor with numerous borrowings from its Iranian and Indo-Aryan neighbours.
Apart from a detailed practical grammar, illustrated with copious examples from Brahui texts, the book offers the latest comparative-historical information on the evolution and origin of the main elements of the language. The Brahui phonemes are traced to their Old Dravidian sources, the origins of case Suffixes and other nominal desinences are expounded, the Brahui numerals and pronouns are also traced to their ancient archetypes, and so are the personal suffixes of the verb. The primary systems of gender, tense and mood, lost or modified in the contemporary language, are reconstructed in comparison with those of Old Tamil and other classical languages.
The Brahui syntax, although basically Dravidian, lost many original constructions, particularly those with nonfinite verbal forms. However, Brahui suffered the greatest losses in its vocabulary, where the layer of Dravidian words is remarkably thin. Etymologies of those which were retained can be referred to in the book.
The position of Brahui within the Dravidian family and its relationship ties with kindred languages are discussed at large in the final chapter.
General Information on Brahui is given in the Introduction. The history of its study is also briefly outlined there. A bibliography of earlier works on the Brahui language is appended in the end. The subject index will make the use of the book easier. (Revised and enlarged version of the 2001 edition (ISBN 3 89586 412 9 )).
ISBN 9783895863486 (Hardbound). LINCOM Studies In Asian Linguistics 65. 160 pp. 2006.
Parcourir cette catégorie : LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics (LSASL)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


at the wilshire/vermont station past the cops who smiled a hello and she smiled one back.
when she reached the bottom of the stairs the train arrived and she got on the car next to the driver, like i did.
we stopped, at the station for a few seconds, there was a series of beeps, the doors shut, the train pulled away, gained momentum and we were on to our last stop.
the train conductors always ease into the Wilshire/Western station because there are many intersecting tracks there since it is the end of the line.
we stopped, she got off the train, strutted past the driver's car, realised she was going to have to walk up stairs if she continued down that direction, turned around, right past me and headed towards the elevator.
i noticed that her super tight black tshirt said, "Cute." but it was written in a type of cursive that wasn't easy to read, so you were forced to decide whether you were going to read her shirt or check out her d-cups.
it was quite a decision.
i walked up the stairs and considered it my morning workout.
made it to the 720 bus, there were three of them waiting for us. i got on the first one that was half-full. the other two were mostly empty but Lord only knows when they would leave that stop. i sat in the back with a talkative older black gentleman and two mexicans who were speaking spanish to each other.
to my surprise, hot black chick got on my bus. she dug through her little purse for change and as she did the big fat black lady busdriver said, "good morning everyone. happy day after valentine's day." and waved at us behind her moving only her fingers. i cant explain it.
hot black chick made her way all the way to the back. the mexicans locked on to her immediately as did the black guy. when she eyed an empty seat near him, he couldnt hold it in any more.
she had tight red pants on, heels, hair done right, ruby red lipstick, very dark black skin, enough attitude for several busses of commuters.
the mexicans spoke spanish and the black guy kept talking to no one in particular. i pretended to be engrossed with my Bukowski poems.
my stop was coming up.
then he laughed through his smile and it sounded like a hiss, but everyone smiled.
the mexicans did their mexican handshake ending with the knuckle punch and one of them dug into his backpack and retrived a tupperware cube containing his buddy's lunch. and he and i exited through the back door and began our days.
yesterday while i was showering waiting for Ashley to come home for our romantical italian valentines dinner, she was at the Hollywood and Highland stop and saw a bunch of people standing by the red carpet near the Kodak Theatre. Disney was throwing a big thing for Bono from U2, and R.E.M and No Doubt were going to perform. Ashley and her friends stood near the carpet, No Doubt showed up and Ashley got Gwen's autograph and didnt stop smiling all night.
paypal did their IPO yesterday and you fools kept reading Drudge and i wonder, did he tell you to invest in the dot com like i did? doubt it.


Tom Anderson, EBRI's Business Development Manager, discusses the fundamental issues you need to address when considering a new bioenergy project.
Bioenergy is one of the fastest growing and most dynamic sectors within the green economy. By the end of the decade the bioenergy sector is forecast to be worth more than £12billion in the UK alone – that's more than 50 times the size of the UK market for electric vehicles by the same date!
Whether you are looking at large-scale combustion or micro-scale anaerobic digestion, all bioenergy processes rely upon a consistent and controlled supply of feedstock. From high-grade wood fuels through to lower quality wastes and residues it is essential that you have a strategy in place to secure a supply of feedstock to keep your plant operating. For smaller-scale projects local availability and sourcing of feedstock can be a great way to take some of the risk out of your feedstock supply chain, for example, working in partnership with local businesses or farms.
There are lots of different ways to convert biomass into low carbon energy. Our ancient ancestors were early 'bioenergy pioneers' when they first learned to set fire to wood and leaves to generate heat and light; we have come a long way in the last 100,000 years and we now have a plethora of 'conversion technologies' such as Pyrolysis, Gasification and Anaerobic Digestion to complement the 'ancient art' of combustion! With each technology and process resulting in very different outputs in the form of gases, oils and solid fuels, selecting the appropriate technology for your project is critical.
How will you use the energy (and by-products) produced?
With feedstock supply, capital investments and operating costs all essential to the successful running of a bioenergy plant, it is important that you consider how you plan to finance your project. Banks, Venture Capital and Private Equity firms are very active in the bioenergy sector but will steer clear of 'riskier' projects where unproven technologies or operators are seeking to break into the bioenergy sector. Where new and innovative technologies are concerned funding from government grant schemes and the European Union can provide an alternative to 'commercial' finance.
With feedstocks, subsides, technologies and finance to think about it can often appear that bioenergy is a complicated and complex arena. If your business or organisation is located in the West Midlands then you are eligible to receive free support from the experts at the European Bioenergy Research Institute. Whether it is helping you to identify the right technology or crunching the numbers on a business plan, EBRI is here to help you take the next step.


A player's hands serve two distinct roles in wheelchair basketball: controlling the ball, and controlling the wheelchair. During gameplay players are forced to make a choice between controlling their chair or controlling the ball, a choice that can lead to crashes on the court, often resulting in injuries and damage to equipment. The Balance Sport Wheelchair gives players more hands-free control of their wheelchairs, freeing them up for stealing, blocking, passing, and shooting.


This article makes what Western scholars call a "leap in the dark" by suggesting that, instead of comparing the "West" with the "Rest", we should compare the "East" with the "East"- in this case the media in China with the media in Russia. We have identified three blind spots in previous comparative media research that have resulted in turning attention away from comparative study of China and Russia. These are: (1) ahistoricism; (2) misunderstanding the relationship between the state and the market; and (3) understanding national media and communication as closed and homogenous systems. We propose three remedies: (1) historicizing comparative media studies ; (2) re-conceptualizing the relationship between the state and media markets; and (3) rethinking the dynamics between the global, the national and the media.


The Etrop Grange Hotel at Manchester Airport is one of our grander Manchester airport hotels. It is a gracious Grade II listed Georgian Mansion built on the edge of Manchester airport just over a mile away from the terminals. It is the closest hotel to the airport that is not under the flight path. The relaxed, friendly and individual style of the property will ensure you have a unique experience when you stay. The hotel has a bar and restaurant offering snacks, light meals and a full dinner service - room service is also available.
We've never used Hotel stay and Meet and Greet before and were a bit nervous about locating hotel and car park, etc., but everything was easier than expected.
Everything was good, excellent meet and greet parking very convenient with no hassle, dropped off car and straight into departure lounge.
Hotel okay and parking handy, but----when we arrived back the bus was less than half full and two people couldn't get on as everyone stood near the front. I told the driver the problem but he said it's not my problem. Doubt if illuse aph in Manchester again as the same problem arose last year.
The Meet and Greet parking went really well. Would definitely use it again. The Etrop Grange hotel was close to the airport, and the breakfast was good. However, the hotel as a whole has gone downhill since we stayed there some years ago and I would not recommend it. The room was shabby, no curtains but only a torn blind, bathroom primitive and poorly equipped. The reception staff were offhand. A pity because it was once a delightful hotel.
Our customers rated Etrop Grange on average 8/10 (298 reviews). Read Etrop Grange reviews.
The Etrop Grange is one of our grander hotels. It is a gracious Grade II listed Georgian Mansion built on the edge of Manchester airport just over a mile away from the terminals.
It is the closest hotel to the airport that is not under the flight path. The relaxed, friendly and individual style of the property will ensure you have a unique experience when you stay.
When it comes to dinner the Etrop has the fantastic new Grange Bar and Grill for you to experience. Packed full of delicious bites to eat, this brand new restaurant serves lunch, afternoon tea and dinner and has something for everyone on the menu.
Disabled facilities The hotel doesnt have any accessible rooms, so we recommend taking a look at our more wheelchair-friendly hotels if you have mobility issues.
2. Guests can park overnight at the hotel.
The hotel runs a bus from the hotel to the airport from 05:00 to 12:00 and from 15:00 to 22:00. The bus journey takes 3 minutes and is included in the price.
If you need to get to the airport outside of these times, the hotel can arrange a taxi for you at a cost of £5.
1. Drive to the hotel to park - your confirmation email will include driving directions and a postcode for sat navs.
2. Check in is from 2pm - park your car and head inside to check in.
3. Your car will be moved to a secured car park whilst youre away so youll need to leave your keys with the hotel.
The hotel runs a bus from the hotel to the airport from 05:00 to 12:00 and from 15:00 to 22:00.
The bus journey takes 3 minutes and is included in the price.
Once you have collected your luggage call the number the hotel gave you when you checked in and you'll be picked up at the airport and taken back to your car.
Drive to the Etrop Grange - your confirmation email will include driving directions and a postcode for satnavs.
Overnight parking is included in the price of your stay.
In the morning drive to the Long Stay T2 car park - its a couple of minutes from the hotel. Directions and a postcode for your satnav will be on your confirmation email.
Your car registration will be automatically recognised on your arrival.
Take the 24-hour shuttle to the terminal. Its included in the price, takes 5 minutes to get to T2 and runs every 10 minutes.
- Overnight parking is included in the price of your stay.
In the morning drive to the Long Stay T1 & T3 car park - its about 5 minutes from the hotel. Directions and a postcode for your satnav will be on your confirmation email.
Take the 24-hour shuttle to the terminal. Its included in the price, takes 5 minutes to get to T1 and T3 and runs every 10 minutes.
Collect your luggage. Take the shuttle back to the car park. Insert your token and the barrier will lift.


text:
Labour faces new challenges in 2013
Labour day isn't what it used to be in Brantford during the Massey, White Farm Equipment days, but members of several trade unions put on the colours and marched in solidarity through downtown Brantford on Monday. The face of labour is changing as unions battle against a Canadian government bound and bent on union busting
Labour day isn't what it used to be in Brantford during the Massey, White Farm Equipment days, but members of several trade unions put on the colours and marched in solidarity through downtown Brantford on Monday.
The face of labour is changing as unions battle against a Canadian government bound and bent on union busting and keeping the wages of most Canadian workers as low as possible and arbitrarily removing hard fought for benefits from the workplace.
Bruce Hazelwood, is a member of the teacher bargaining unit of the Secondary School Teachers Federation. He is also an executive member of the Brantford Labour Council."I think that unions over the last few years have been fighting against the Canadian government because what we have been having is a lot of strife within the public sector.
I see the possibility of this increasing in the next year with the so-called right to work legislation and other bills being put through. Those things stand in the way of unions being able to do what their real work is which is to support their members and the communities they operate in."
Donna Howey, the President of the Grand Erie Elementary Teachers Federation agrees."Over the past year we have been battling Bill 115, which was called the "Putting Students First Act" which is kind of ironic since it has very little to do with that at all.
It was imposing terms on all education workers that they were not free to negotiate. Those imposed contracts will be done by October 31some real negotiations next year."
But amongst the doom and gloom brought on by a labour busting government, there is hope and excitement in some labour sectors.
This past weekend marks the beginning of UNIFOR, and amalgamation of two of Canada's largest private sector unions, the CAW and CEP, which now represent 300,000 Canadian workers under one banner.
Cary Macmillan is Financial Secretary for UNIFOR local 504 and as a longtime unionist, he has a clear view of the future and the challenges organized labour will be facing in the coming years.
But now, with 300,000 members, he feels labour is beginning to push back and anticipates more of the same this year as UNIFOR stands together against Prime Minister Harper's anti-labour legislation."Our battle is with all the stuff Harper government is trying to legislate against organized labour," he said. "They want to take away the Rand ruling which made it mandatory for workers to pay union dues in union shops.
In doing so, Harper intends to starve out unions entirely. We negotiated that right years ago and we don't want to fight that battle st. Certainly we will continue to plan for again."
He observes that the CAW has always been very supportive of Native people and suggested that the birth of UNIFOR has reinvigorated that support.
Also marching was Frank Miller from Six Nations marching in solidarity with his union sisters and brothers.
Unions and Native Rights issues are closely paralleled, as treaties are being ignored and tossed aside just as readily as union collective agreements these days."The fight unions are facing and Onkwehon:we people are facing is the same fight," said Miller. "As much as I may have had certain feelings about unions before, in the long run unions help keep everything in balance and everybody needs more support that way.
Prime Minister Harper is down to the point where I don't know how we can do it. "There was a time not long ago when a single breadwinner could keep a family going, but that is impossible today, even working two or three full time jobs."
Brantfiord's Labour Day Parade is only a shadow of what it once was, but there is hope on the horizon within labour circles. (Photo by Jim Windle)
Six Nations' Frank Miller marches in solidarity with his union brothers and sisters in Monday's Labour Day March in Brantford. He believes the attacks against labour and those against Onkewehon:we people are parallel and standing together is the only way to preserve both treaties and collective bargaining. (Photo by Jim Windle)
[blockquote style="style-3″ icon="128227″]Got a news tip? Be a Two Row Times Tipster
Sports score? Story idea? – Don't hesitate! Call Jim Windle, any day, any time, at 519-900-5535 or send a text to 519-732-5700![/blockquote]


text:
Хо́бьо (, ) — город в Сомали в провинции Мудуг. Расположен в центральной части страны, на побережье Индийского океана. Население составляет 12 564 человека. Входит в государственное образование Галмудуг, но местные пираты не подчиняются правительственной администрации. Центр округа Хобьо в составе Мудуга.

История
В  XIII - XVII  веках Хобьо входило в состав Аджуранского султаната.
В конце XVII  века племя Хиран взбунтовалось против Аджурана, и создало имамат, в составе которого оказался город  Хобьо.

В конце XIX — начале XX веков город был столицей независимого Султаната Хобьо. После захвата фашистской Италией торговые пути переместились в Могадишо, и город, лишившись доходов от транзитной торговли, стал увядать.

Хобьо был захвачен Союзом исламских судов 16 августа 2006 года. Это произошло после нескольких дней переговоров с местными лидерами; и город сдался без единого выстрела. В настоящее время Хобьо является одним из центром сомалийского прибрежного пиратства и одной из основных баз, где пираты держат захваченные ими суда и моряков в ожидании требуемого выкупа.

Примечания

См. также
 Сомалийские пираты

Литература

Города Сомали
Галмудуг

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
25 Fun And Interesting Facts About Sandy, Oregon, United States
Sandy is a city located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, settled c. 1853 and named after the nearby Sandy River. Take a look below for 25 fun and interesting facts about Sandy, Oregon, United States.
1. Located in the foothills of the Cascade Mountain Range, the city serves as the western gateway to the Mount Hood Corridor, and is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) east of Portland.
2. The city of Sandy was originally settled by travelers passing along Barlow Road, one of the final sections of the Oregon Trail, and initially known as Revenue, after settlers Francis and Lydia Revenue.
3. The city subsequently took the name Sandy after the Sandy River, named by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1805; the river and previously been named the Barings River, after Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, following a 1792 expedition in the region.
4. In the late-19th and early 20th century, Sandy's local economy was mainly based on logging and the sawmill industry due to the abundance of timber in the area.
5. The city continued to grow with the arrival of German immigrants in the late-nineteenth century, and the city was formally incorporated in 1911.
6. In the latter half of the 20th century, the city's population saw a significant increase in residents, concurrent with the growth of the Portland metropolitan area.
7. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 9,570.[3] It is the home of Sandy High School, founded in 1914, which serves the population of Sandy as well as outlying communities, such as Boring and the Villages of Mount Hood.
8. Sandy was founded after pioneer Sam Barlow passed through the area in 1845 and formed Barlow Road, the most widely-used final portion of the Oregon Trail.
9. The first people to settle the area were Francis and Lydia Revenue, c. 1853.
10. The abundance of natural resources in the area, ranging from fish, deer, elk, berries and roots, attracted them to build a homestead and trading post.
11. Around 1873, the Revenues built the city's first hotel.
12. Initially known as Revenue (after the Revenue family), in the late-nineteenth century the settlement took its namesake of Sandy from the nearby Sandy River, which itself had taken its name from Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1805 expedition, who at that time named it the "Quicksand River" due to the abundance of sand on its banks.
13. The river had priorly been named the Barings River after Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, an English merchant banker, by Lieutenant W.R. Broughton of the Fort Vancouver expedition on October 30, 1792.
14. A second hotel was erected in Sandy in 1890 by Baron Otto Von Scholley, an Austrian immigrant who also served as the city's second postmaster and first notary.
15. In 1894, the city completed its first church, St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church, established by Benedictine monks, which had its first service on December 18 that year.
16. Though the original building was destroyed in a fire two decades later, it was relocated and reopened.
17. In 1902, a Lutheran church was established in Sandy.
18. On August 11, 1911, the city of was formally incorporated, and on November 14, 1913, city voters approved its charter.
19. Friedrich Meinig, a German immigrant and businessman, came to Sandy in 1876; his son, Paul Meinig, served as the city's second mayor from 1912 to 1918.
20. A significant part of Sandy's economy in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries was logging and sawmill operations which utilized the abundance of forests surrounding the city.
21. In October 1913, the city experienced a major fire which destroyed numerous buildings and businesses, including a restaurant, livery stable, and saloon, all located on the south side of the Main Street (contemporarily Proctor Boulevard).
22. As of the twenty-first century, Sandy's population has increased significantly with the growth of the Portland metropolitan area.
23. Per a 2018 study completed by Portland State University and Clackamas County, it is the second-fastest growing city in the state, and is estimated to reach a population of 18,980 by the year 2034.
24. Joe's Donuts is a nationally-acclaimed donut shop in Sandy that was established in 1974.
25. It started as a small shop frequented by locals and has now become a tourist destination in the northwest. Joe's Donuts sits on the corner of the two major highways that cross through Sandy and is recognized for its red and white checkered exterior, which has been recently retouched by the city's Facade Improvement program.
OregonSandyunited states
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Near Sky Ridge Rd., this 10 Acre parcel with endless possibilities sits next to an additional 10 acre parcel APN-647-070-013, both are for sale. Zoned R-A-1 1/4, and bordering government owned property to ensure privacy. There is already a well on the property that can provide water to both parcels. Property dimensions are 659' x 562' x 659' x 662', lot size 435,600 sq ft. Buyer to verify zoning information and permits with the City or County.


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Our Bride and Groom/Civil Partnership wedding cake toppers start at £130 or £120 as part of a wedding cake order. Other cake toppers generally range between £35 and £60 depending on complexity and level of detail.
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We also make novelty cake toppers which are ideal for birthday, christening, anniversary cakes etc.


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Phenotype and function of dendritic cells and T-lymphocyte polarization in the human colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma
Aim: To evaluate the status of activation of the intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (T cells) from surgical specimens of human colon and adenocarcinoma, and the potential effect of administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2). Methods: Patients undergoing colectomy for cancer were randomized to receive subcutaneous IL-2 (12 million UI/day) (treated group; n = 10) for 3 days before operation or no treatment (control group, n = 10). DCs and T cells were isolated and purified from the lamina propria (LP) of segments of normal colon and adenocarcinoma of both groups. Cell phenotype was determined by expression of membrane receptors. Interaction between DC and T cells was assesses by a mixed leukocyte reaction using naïve T cells co-cultured with DCs. CD4+ T-cell polarization was studied by intracellular staining with monoclonal antibodies for interleukin-4 and interferon-γ. Results: CD4+ T cells were significantly less in tumour than in LP (p < 0.05) in both treated and control groups. IL-2 did not modify the number of any of the T-cell subsets analysed. In contrast, T cells isolated from LP and neoplasm of treated patients produced more interferon-γ and less interleukin-4 (p < 0.05 vs. controls). IL-2 administration significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of mature, myeloid and plasmocytoid DCs compared to controls. Allogeneic naïve T cells were polarized toward a Th1 type of response which appeared to be mediated by IL-2 activated DCs. Conclusions: systemic IL-2 treatment may have immunomodulatory properties on intestinal DC maturation and drive a Th1 mediated anti-neoplastic response. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gianotti, L.V., Sargenti, M., Rescigno, M., Galbiati, F., Nespoli, L.C., Brivio, F., et al. (2008). Phenotype and function of dendritic cells and T-lymphocyte polarization in the human colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, 34(8), 883-889 [10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.026].
Citazione: Gianotti, L.V., Sargenti, M., Rescigno, M., Galbiati, F., Nespoli, L.C., Brivio, F., et al. (2008). Phenotype and function of dendritic cells and T-lymphocyte polarization in the human colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, 34(8), 883-889 [10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.026].
Titolo: Phenotype and function of dendritic cells and T-lymphocyte polarization in the human colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma
Autori: Gianotti, LV; Sargenti, M; Rescigno, M; Galbiati, F; Nespoli, LC; Brivio, F; Nespoli, A
GIANOTTI, LUCA VITTORIO
Sargenti, M
Rescigno, M
Galbiati, F
NESPOLI, LUCA CARLO
Brivio, F
NESPOLI, ANGELO
Rivista: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.026


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2.01 Capitolo / saggio in libro
This chapter discusses the role of the BBC and CBS embedded reporters in the 2003 Iraq conflict in the light of the debate about reporter objectivity, stance and voice and in the context of studies regarding ideological stance inherent in journalism. It has been mooted that one of the reasons why reporting from Iraq enticed high television audiences, was the role of embed reporters. The decision to assign reporters to coalition troops was taken to gear an unpopular war towards a sceptical public. However, it also put under a spotlight the unnatural relationship between the military and the media. Keeping in mind journalists' creed to remain impartial and objective, the obvious question was whether their duty to seek the 'truth' was compatible with their physical position. How were they able to balance their necessary trust in their host troops with the viewers' need for objective information.
"Wide angles and narrow views: how embeds reported the Iraq conflict"
CLARK, CAROLINE MARY DE BOHUN
Evaluation and stance in television news: a linguistic analysis of American, British and Italian news reporting of the 2003 Iraqi war
C. Clark


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Georg Tschurtschenthaler (* 1974 in Innichen, Italien) ist ein Filmproduzent und Drehbuchautor, sowie Dozent an der Zürcher Hochschule der Künste.

Leben
Tschurtschenthaler studierte Wirtschaft und Kommunikationswissenschaften an der Wirtschaftsuniversität in Wien und arbeitete zunächst als Unternehmensberater. Ab 2003 tritt er als Produzent, Regisseur und Drehbuchautor im Bereich Dokumentarfilmen auf. Seit 2009 ist er bei der gebrueder beetz filmproduktion tätig. Neben verschiedenen, teilweise mehrfach ausgezeichneten Dokumentarfilmprojekten wie Kulturakte und Mittsommernachtstango realisierte er verschiedene crossmediale Fernsehevents wie Supernerds, bestehend aus einer interaktive Fernsehshow, der Dokumentation Digitale Dissidenten, Suddenlife Gaming, Theaterstück sowie einem Buch oder Lebt wohl, Genossen!, bestehen aus einer sechsteiligen Fernsehserie, Buch und einer Webdoku.

Tschurtschenthaler wohnt in Berlin. Er unterrichtet regelmäßig an der Zürcher Hochschule der Künste und dem Institute of Documentary Filmmaking in Prag.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)

Als Produzent
 2010: Elf Onkel
 2011: Wadans Welt
 2011: Lebt wohl, Genossen! (Fernsehserie, sechs Folgen)
 2011–2013: Kulturakte (Fernsehserie, Dokumentation, sechs Folgen)
 2012: Die Lithium Revolution (Dokumentation)
 2013: Mittsommernachtstango (Dokumentation)
 2013: Wagnerwahn (Dokumentation)
 2014: Berlin Stories (Dokumentation)
 2015: Die Akte Tschaikowsky – Bekenntnisse eines Komponisten (Dokumentation)
 2015: Digitale Dissidenten (Dokumentation)
 2018: The Cleaners – Im Schatten der Netzwelt (Dokumentation)
 2019: Lampenfieber (Dokumentation)
 2019: Das Forum – Rettet Davos die Welt? (Dokumentation)

Als Drehbuchautor
 2015: Digitale Dissidenten
 2016: #Uploading Holocaust (Interaktive Webdoku, Konzeption)
 2020: Das Forum – Rettet Davos die Welt? (Dokumentation)
 2020: Rohwedder – Einigkeit und Mord und Freiheit (Dokumentarserie, 4 Folgen)

Als Regisseur
 2020: Rohwedder – Einigkeit und Mord und Freiheit (Dokumentarserie, 4 Folgen), Regie Jan Peter, Georg Tschurtschenthaler

Auszeichnungen (Auswahl)
Grimme-Preis 2013
 Preisträger in der Kategorie Information für Lebt wohl, Genossen!

Internationale Emmys 2014
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Dokumentarfilm für Wagnerwahn

Grimme-Preis 2019
 Preisträger für den Publikumspreis der Marler Gruppe für The Cleaners – Im Schatten der Netzwelt

Weblinks

 Georg Tschurtschenthaler in der Datenbank der ARD.ZDF medienakademie

Einzelnachweise

Drehbuchautor
Filmproduzent
Filmregisseur
Fernsehregisseur
Grimme-Preisträger
Geboren 1974
Mann


Ethiopia's green economy is booming, but most of the locals are not feeling the benefit.
Last week, the country opened Africa's biggest wind farm. The Ashegoda Wind Farm will generate 120 megawatts of electricity. It came online just days after Ethiopia announced a preliminary agreement to build a 1000-megawatt geothermal facility, the largest in Africa.
Ethiopia may have access to a terawatt of wind power to add to the vast hydropower resources that now supply 90 per cent of its electricity. Add to that the geothermal potential of the East African Rift and the country's goal of being carbon-neutral by 2025 starts to look plausible.
The real challenge will be delivering that power to its people. According to the International Energy Agency, 77 per cent of Ethiopians don't have access to electricity. Most of its power will be sold to neighbouring countries. The government is now trying to connect more people to the grid. Sawyer says cash from the new power plants could help pay for this.


New condo conversion! This renovated and restyled 2 bedroom unit really sparkles! It is just a short stroll from this emergent neighborhood to absolutely everything: restaurants, shops, commuter rail and all the village amenities of this quintessential coastal town. The 376 sf attic offers great storage and can be refinished and dormered if desired. This top floor unit includes a private deck,single car garage and off street parking. Whether you seek an inviting new home or a convenient pied-a-terre, prepare to be delighted.
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U.S. Treasury Is Going to Borrow $3 Trillion in Q2 2020
May 5 2020 · 10:16 UTC by Teuta Franjkovic · 3 min read
Photo: Depositphotos
The U.S. Treasury Department announced its plans to borrow about $3 trillion this quarter. The money is being used in large part to support the economy in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.
The United States Treasury Department stated on Monday that it plans to borrow a record-high $2.99 trillion in net marketable debt during the second fiscal quarter of 2020. The U.S. Treasury also noted that it expects to borrow another $677 billion in the third quarter of the fiscal year.
As per the statement:
"The increase in privately-held net marketable borrowing is primarily driven by the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, including expenditures from new legislation to assist individuals and businesses, changes to tax receipts including the deferral of individual and business taxes from April – June until July, and an increase in the assumed end-of June Treasury cash balance."
This 'salvation package' comes thanks to strong stimulus efforts Congress has passed to invigorate the country's economy that has been brought to a certain dead-end amid social distancing efforts to stop the coronavirus spread. Allocations, therefore, have totaled more than $2 trillion, and at least one more package is expected in order to help the more than 30 million American citizens who have faced the unemployment wall as well as thousands of other businesses that have seen their revenue flow disappear.
Initial Jobless Claims Are Falling while U.S. Treasury Plans to Borrow $3T
Let's just mention that the number of initial jobless claims in the United States came to 3,839,000 in the week ending April 24. That actually represents a certain fall of 603,000 from the previous week's revised level. During the past two months, the U.S. recorded more than 30.3 million jobless claims.
The Treasury Department also decided to halt few borrowing programs for the Federal Reserve, which is leveling Treasury guarantees in programs that are focused at creating another $2.2 trillion in funding to businesses and households.
Since March 1, the national debt has grown by $1.5 trillion to $24.9 trillion, a 6.4% increase. The budget deficit through March, or the first six months of the fiscal year, totaled $744 billion, on its way to easily exceed the biggest shortfall in U.S. history.
Companies to Experience 'Adoption Escalation'
Be it as it may, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond President Tom Barkin stressed that American businesses should learn how to adapt their way of working as they begin reopening amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Barkin especially commented on the fact that companies must start moving larger pieces of their operations online or introduce self-checkouts. He said he expects food delivery, telehealth, online education and shopping all to experience an "adoption escalation" in the aftermath of the crisis.
He stated:
"It will be important to implement safe, reliable and affordable modifications to current practices. If we continue living in the shadow of this virus, job retraining will also need to be a focus — targeted toward the large number of low-end service workers displaced by this crisis."
On the other hand, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President James Bullard said that a continued shutdown could severely "damage" the US economy.
Bullard went on to praise the actions of the Fed and the U.S. government but commented that the economy has to reopen in order to allow additional worsening of the impact of the current coronavirus crisis.
"We are okay for now, but if it goes on for too long, then too many other problems will arise and we are really at risk we won't be able to recover at an appropriate pace."
Bullard also commented that solutions need to be found as fast as possible because of the fact that the majority of the money that has been pumped into the economy was only focused on symptoms of the economic crisis.
next Market News, News
Author Teuta Franjkovic
Experienced creative professional focusing on financial and political analysis, editing daily newspapers and news sites, economical and political journalism, consulting, PR and Marketing. Teuta's passion is to create new opportunities and bring people together.
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The US remains the global economy, and though the dollar is weakened, it is still appreciating in value when compared to its peers.
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Turkish / TürkçeEnglish
Pikaia Is A Perfect Cambrian Living Thing, Claiming That It Is A Transitional Form Fossil Is A Deception
Other Languages Turkish / Türkçe
Pikaia
Pikaia, because of several of its features, was included in the phylum Chordata, which also includes vertebrates. The first known Cambrian representative of this phylum, it had a pair of short tentacles on the front. The trunk consisted of solid blocks of muscle, curved in an S shape. The tail expanded in the form of a fin. Pikaia swam just above the sea bed. It propelled itself by using the muscles to undulate its body.
The Vertebrates That Evolutionists Never Expected!
Excavations performed in Cambrian rock beds in China produced results that completely overturned evolutionist scenarios regarding vertebrates. The chordate now known as Haikouella, unearthed by the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology's Jun-Yuan Chen and his team, possessed a brain, heart and circulatory system, gills, a notochord, a well developed musculature and—in all likelihood—a pair of eyes.
As the evolutionist paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould admits, Darwinist textbooks particularly stressed the fact that no evidence of vertebrates in the Cambrian had ever been found, seeking to portray this as evidence that Cambrian rocks confirmed the truth of Darwin's theory of evolution. In their scenarios regarding vertebrate evolution, evolutionists suggested that Pikaia, a Cambrian chordate, was the ancestor of all vertebrates.
Yet as they were soon to see, these claims were unjustified.
The science journalist Fred Heeren describes how the discovery of Haikouella produced results that were the exact opposite of evolutionist expectations regarding Pikaia:
Biologist had been expecting to see something that would like a primitive ancestor to the middle Cambrian animal called Pikaia, formerly promoted as the world's earliest chordate. Rather than finding evidence that Pikaia had a less-complex ancestor, Chen instead found a chordate that already displayed many vertebrate characteristics 15 million years earlier.( Fred Heeren, "A little fish challenges a giant of science," The Boston Globe, 30 May 2000, p. E1.)
Thus it was that evolutionists had to abandon Pikaia, which for decades they had depicted in textbooks as the ancestor of vertebrates. The fact that the first known chordate had a highly developed anatomy and—moreover, that it had lived 15 million years before Pikaia—totally overturned the claimed progression of the theory of evolution. The elimination of this fictitious ancestor thus dealt a severe blow to the scenario of vertebrate evolution.
Yet the real blow came with the discovery that vertebrates had also lived in the Cambrian! These findings were the remains of a fossilized fish, dating back 530 million years, found at Haikou, near Kunming, the regional capital of the Chinese province of Yunnan. These remains literally stunned evolutionist scientists.
Research by Chinese, British, French and Japanese scientists showed that this was indeed a vertebrate. All the details of the animal's head and backbone could be seen in the remains. Such key features as a lobate extension to the head, eyes and possible nasal sacs provided detailed information regarding the creature. Many of the vertebrate features were right before scientists' eyes, and, what is more, in a fossil dating back 530 million years old.
This fish was given the name of Haikouichthys. Scientists are agreed that it is a true fish because of its gills and the zigzag arrangement of the muscles known as myotomes—features unique to fish.
Besides, Haikouichthys is not the only fossil fish that belongs to Cambrian. Another fossil, known as Myllokunmingia, was unearthed in Chengjiang. Philippe Janvier of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris says that this, too, is definitely a vertebrate and describes its significance:
It's important because up to now the vertebrates were absent from the big bang of life, as we call it—that is, the great early Cambrian explosion, where all the major animal groups appeared suddenly in the fossil record. ... It is practically certain that these are vertebrates.( http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/504776.stm)
The theory of evolution maintains that organisms emerged gradually, and that their complex structures are expected to appear only toward the end of the fictitious evolutionary process. Given that point of view, the chordate Haikouella and the Cambrian fish Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia represent major problems, because these animals have reduced by 15 million years the time necessary for the chordate evolution scenario and reduced the time necessary for the evolution of fish by a full 50 million.
Thus, the sudden appearance of these animals has reduced to nothing the time that these organisms supposedly need to evolve.
Naturally, these discoveries caused great astonishment among evolutionist circles, who needed to explain the sudden appearance of vertebrates in the Cambrian Period. This only added another problem to the Cambrian, which was in any case full of question marks. A great many evolutionists have finally had to abandon their previous scenarios regarding the evolution of vertebrates and to admit that on this subject, they have no answers at all.
John Maynard Smith has described this variety:
But in the Burgess Shale, information about soft parts is beautifully preserved. These fossils have been known for over fifty years, but recently they have been re-examined. It is now clear that there existed in the Cambrian a very wide array of forms, some of which may differ in their basic body plan from anything alive today. It also seems likely that, with a few minor exceptions, all the body plans that exist today were already present in the Cambrian.( John Maynard Smith, The Evolution, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 19.)
Eldredge:
Indeed, the sudden appearance of a varied, well-preserved array of fossils, which geologists have used to mark the beginnings of the Cambrian Period does pose a fascinating intellectual challenge. (Duane T. Gish, Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, Institude of Creation Research, California, 1985, p. 66)
Bob Holmes described the fact of the Cambrian in the 18 October, 1997, edition of New Scientist magazine:
Glass skyscrapers, Gothic cathedrals, yurts, Georgian terraces, Shinto shrines, wattle and daub, Victorian railway stations, Bauhaus, igloos, mock-Tudor. Imagine that all the architectural styles that human ingenuity could ever devise appeared during one 35-year period, sometime in the middle of the 15th century. Imagine how today's historians would be trampling over each other in their eagerness to learn what made that window of profound creativity possible. That's roughly how palaeontologists feel about the Cambrian explosion.
In just 35 million years, the blinking of an eye for evolution, animal life erupted in an explosion of inventiveness that far outshines anything the planet has seen before or since. ( Holmes, "When we were worms," New Scientist.)
(http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg15621045.100)


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Death of a Classmate - Ned Kellogg, 4th Co.
Edward S. "Ned" Kellogg III, died on September 2, 2013, at the age of 80. He was born on February 13, 1933, the only son of Edward and Dorothy Kellogg of Glendale, California. At the time of his death, he was a resident of Casa de las Campanas in Rancho Bernardo, California. A 1954 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he served his country with distinction for 30 years, retiring in 1984 with the rank of Captain. His naval career included the commands of USS Narwhal (SSN 671) and USS Fulton (AS 11). He served as Chief of Staff, Submarine Group 5 here in San Diego, Reactor Officer on USS Enterprise (CVAN 65), and Commanding Officer, Naval Station Mare Island. Following retirement, he embarked on his second career in the Episcopal Diocese of San Diego. Reverend Ned was an ordained Episcopal deacon, then priest. As in his career in the Navy, he served the Church with great dedication and enthusiasm. He served parish communities of the Cathedral of St. Paul, downtown San Diego, University City, Poway, Lake Elsinore, Escondido, San Carlos, El Cajon, and Lemon Grove. A longtime member of All Souls Episcopal Church in Point Loma, he was an active leader in both the San Diego and National Episcopal Cursillo. He was also a volunteer Chaplain at Sharp Memorial Hospital for 23 years. Upon his retirement from the ministry, he was pastoral assistant to the Bishop of San Diego. Ned is survived by his wife, Margaret (Wagner) of Los Angeles. Married for 59 years, they made their home in many states: Hawaii, California, Connecticut, New York, Idaho, Virginia, and Washington, DC. They settled in Point Loma in 1984. Ned is survived by three children, Stephen Kellogg (Ann Lindsey) of Burbank, California; Joyce Fischer Baird (Rodger Baird) of Escondido, California; and Carolyn Kellogg Davis (Jim Davis) of Kingwood, Texas. He is also survived by 11 grandchildren: Thomas and Phoebe Kellogg; Stephanie Fischer Wilhite, Jenn Fischer Price, John Fischer, Mark Fischer, Rory and Nathan Baird; Hope, Joy and Drew Davis; and three great-grandchildren. A Celebration of Life in his honor will be held at 11:00 am, Friday, September 27, at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, Poway. Military Funeral Honors will precede the service. In lieu of flowers, the family suggests that donations may be made to the Diocese of San Diego Bishop's Discretionary Fund; San Diego Episcopal Cursillo; Cure Alzheimer's Fund; or Elizabeth Hospice.
Published in U-T San Diego from September 8 to September 9, 2013


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Egypt court orders release of researcher Patrick Zaki: family
An Egyptian court ordered the release Tuesday of researcher Patrick Zaki, whose detention in February last year sparked international condemnation, particularly in Italy where he had been studying, his family said.
"I'm jumping for joy!" his mother Hala Sobhi told AFP. "We're now on our way to the police station in Mansoura," a city in Egypt's Nile Delta, where Zaki hails from.
Zaki still faces charges of "spreading false news", "harming national security" and "incitement to overthrow the state", among others.
His trial has been postponed to February, according to the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), a local NGO with which he worked.
In September, Zaki was referred to trial in front of an exceptional state security court for an article containing excerpts from his personal diary recounting the discrimination faced by the country's Coptic Christian minority.
Coptic Christians make up about 10-15 percent of the country's population of more than 100 million.
Amnesty International previously said that Zaki had allegedly been tortured while being interrogated by national security officers, including using electric shocks and beating.
In June this year, his mother told AFP: "When I imagine his confinement, I feel like I'm suffocating… We thought he'd be jailed for a few weeks, but it has gone on for over a year".
– 'First goal achieved' –
Zaki's detention drew condemnation particularly in Italy where he had been studying and which recently held a trial in absentia over the killing of Italian PhD candidate Giulio Regeni in Egypt in 2016.
Regeni's dead body was found bearing signs of torture, several days after he went missing on the fifth anniversary of the January 25 uprising. An Italian parliamentary commission report recently blamed his torture and death on Egypt's state security apparatus.
Thousands in Italy had signed petitions calling for Zaki's release, and the country's senate in April voted to grant him Italian citizenship, allowing him to receive consular support.
Shortly after the court's decision, Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio tweeted: "First goal achieved: Patrick Zaki is no longer in prison… A dutiful thanks to our diplomatic corps."
Egypt's space for dissent has been severely restricted since President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi took office in 2014, with authorities particularly targeting EIPR in recent years.
Hossam Bahgat, who founded the rights group and was fined by a court last month for an "insulting" tweet, welcomed the news of Zaki's release, writing "Thank God" on social media.
Three EIPR staff were jailed last year, sparking an international campaign supported by celebrities including Hollywood star Scarlett Johansson that resulted in their release.
Several researchers have been jailed, including Ahmed Samir, a postgraduate student at the Central European University in Vienna, and Kholoud Amer, head of the translation unit at the Library of Alexandria.
Egypt ranks in the lowest group on the Global Public Policy Institute's Academic Freedom Index.
Also on Tuesday, five human rights groups called on French President Emmanuel Macron to pressure Egypt to release Egyptian-Palestinian activist Ramy Shaath.
Macron had previously raised his case in a live press conference with Sisi in Paris but Shaath, the son of veteran Palestinian politician Nabil Shaath, has remained in prison since July 2019.