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« StarTalk Radio
Cosmic Queries: Human Impact on Earth with Dr. FunkySpoon
Planetary scientist Dr. David Grinspoon is back as guest host to answer your questions about the human impact on Earth during the "Anthropocene Era."
This is an unofficial transcript meant for reference. Accuracy is not guaranteed.
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Skip the commercials support star talk on patriarch to listen to every episode, Commercial free, welcome to start off your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide knocked off begin right now to star talk. Radio. My name is David grinned spoon, I'm an asteroid, biologist, interplanetary scientist. And I M here with my co host, Chuck Nigh, say Dave Hawaii, I'm fine. How are you doing chuck great man Oh I'm happy to see you yeah oh curious as to where Mr Thyssen Doktor Thyssen is busted. Now now people know, I'm not here. I am sitting in four Neil Thyssen, whose off filming
Cosmo somewhere right literally, he has left the galaxy so nails off doing the cosmos as You want to do and we are left here to carry on without him as best we can, and so we will be today doing cosmic queries Yes, answering your questions and what's what's the topic today? Okay, so today, of course, we call all of our resources and do a facebook and twitter in of the various outlets where we appear on the internet, and today we have questions about human impact on our very own planet. Yeah. It's a planet and therefore its part of space, and so it it belongs to start Accra. Ed certainly does you know, and you know, there's a lot of things in space that have a big fat on earth. You know, and so what we have done is we ve got all these questions here. You have not seen the have nots. The questions, and I understand that, even though you are an Astro biologists that this is
also something that you are a subject expert. Would that be well? It's something I've been A lot recently I mean, as a planetary scientist, I've always been interested in earth. That's a lot of what we learned when we study planetary Sciences, how to think about planets. Do you learn about volcanism earthquakes, things that make earth take that the climate so forth, but we usually, I am at other planets at what I've been doing recently is saying: well, let's take the techniques of planetary science and and think about earth as a planet and even think about about humanity. The human impact as a as an event on the planet. What what what humans doing to the planet and how? If, if we're thinking as planetary scientists, how without look how the way here they're changing the planet? So that is what I've been workin on recently and I think it's definitely a topic for space science. How? How does that space perspective, influenced
baby, look back at our own planet and what can we learn about our planet? From that space perspective, I'm going to say that what we can learn is that we as human beings sock when it comes. I got a feeling. Earth set us like we suck, I'm just sorry, that's pretty much our well! We got about to answer, for I mean we ve Ellie Ban would become a major geological force on this planet and some of what we're doing it is a little bit more about you compare two things in the past and you look at the asteroid that came and wiped out. Ninety percent of the species are right now we're that asteroid where you know we're causing a mass extinction, were changing the climate and radical ways and we're not it's not like we plan to do this. Nobody said hey. This is a good idea. We sort of stumbling into this role. For now a lot of people say no, let's look at this role and figure out
What do we want to be on this planet? So I think we're we're in this moment of realisation of what our role is. Let's hope, I think, you're a bit more optimistic than perhaps I am a bit more of a say, but let's see what thou, let's see, what our listening, I have to say in the form. The questions that they have for you are first, one is from Kalen Bug, be what great name from Huntsville Alabama we're talking about human impacts on earth. In one of my classes, we have been debating which human activity will lead to the collapse of society. As we know it, we have discuss energy consumption, overpopulation destruction by technology. These are the robots destruction by nuclear terrorism, pandemics and finally, water pollution. If you could pick one destructive human force, which one would it pay, what a happy class we got quite quite a menu there,
yes well! Thank you. Thank you for that question. I mean it's it's a good question and I would have to say your question does presuppose a certain pessimism like which one is going to destroy us. It doesn't leave us the option that may be. None of them will nonetheless, the first thing I would say so. Those are our conflated because it's it's it's what we call a wicked problem where, where you can't really separate things out, population is all what related to all those that are, as if we weren't pushing nine billion people commit century, then almost none those other problems, problems of human footprint would be have what they really signal as big a deal right, but I think Nigel Nature Travel because she says, like pandemics, wits apps honest, That that will happen if we weren't travelling all around to and fro the way we do. Yeah I mean those are all related problems. I would say you know. Out of those the most immediate one, is you gotta go to climate change, because that is one that we
no is happening now, it's accelerating and we don't have a clear path to saw that we have some good ideas. A lot of good intentions, and I don't see that is hopeless, but out of all those other ones like you know, robots taken over. Maybe you know that could be scary and future right now is not the thing a case me up at night, so we don't have to fear cyber dime systems. Quite yet not quite yet I mean I think it's it's. It's smart to be aware that our world will change rapidly as computers get smart, and some of those changes might not be completely to our liking. It right, you know it's good to have their on our radar, but but let's face it, climate changes. Right now. We don't all agree completely about the extent of it, but most scientifically literate people now ready, Nice that it is happening and that there is a large degree of implicate if humans and that, if we're not going to be the stupid species, that soils its nest right and dies, or at least destroys civilised
It should read and we ought to really be applying our intellect to dealing with that now, whether you go Kalen there's your answer: one don't poop where you eat and two were looking forward to terrorist at nuclear terrorist robots that cause climate change. That is the biggest fear that we set now that's great, ok, climate change. That makes a lot of sense. I must move on so the Mets one from Tommy means from Saint trawls. Missouri I'm reading Kevin Kelly's what technology once one hypothesis in the book is that technology was inevitable from the point of the big bang. Do you find this to be true? If so, can we now harness technology to heal our in via remit? So did the bid?
create technology own. How do we hear our environment where the laws of nature were set in motion with the big bang in those laws seem to be conducive to the evolution of life on some planets, and I think on some of those planets that complex life will lead to technology. So in a certain sense, technology was ordained by the Big bang, not exactly on this planet, some kind of round about in a round about what yeah the capacity for technology and yes, I think technology can be used to heal the problems. We have not technology alone. A lot of it's gonna come through self knowledge in us being able to manage ourselves more wisely, but that knowledge of self has to go hand in hand with knowledge of nature and knowledge of how to me daylight nature, which is technology so technology. Yes, it was ordained in the big Bang and yes, it will be part of the solution. Yes, our saviour technology. Thank you, big bang. All right what we gotta take a break now more star talk when we
today. Welcome back to start radio, David grins Bernheim and asked a biologist sitting in here for Neil Thyssen, with my co host Chuck nice ay- and I were talking about the human impact on earth and its space dimensions here so Let's see what what? What do we get for another question, I got some more questions come in your way. Let me just reiterate that you have not seen this questions you're, just answering them as if the person we're here as if we were all the annoying guy at the bar. You know I've met that guy before my god you're s reply I'll, just ok power. The planet
aren't you gonna buy me a drink and then we'll get to that are here. We got this is from southern noddy from Budapest. Do you agree with George Carlin that we exists because earth one it plastic but didn't know how to make it so pretty funny joke actually just a. As it looking at the earth with a microscope and seeing all this mould ass humans growing living spreading as a by product making plastic Clearly, she despises humanity by. Well, that's a question here: Ashton, yeah requesting here's cause she's she's, making a joke, but here's the real question here what we be considered: a virus, a bit of a scourge on the on the face of the earth and the second I'm gonna make an addendum to her question. Coming from me personally,
do we belong here, cause a kind of seems like we don't. It seems like the only people that are in sync, with what's going on earth is us, so are we a virus until we belong here? A great questions? Thank you Sabra, and yet and shall combat yeah. Thank you check. I want to stand up for the human race here a little bit, though I mean it's like sure. It's obvious in some ways were like a virus. You look at the pattern of our growth and you look at a virus, and in an organism in that it just reproduces to the point where it makes its host ill or kills its house. But, of course, a successful virus doesn't kill off a toast and a successful species may get to a certain point of over reproduction and then have some self preservation instinct and decide not to kill off its host, and you know, if you look at
long. History of life on earth were not the first species to come along and sort of screw up the planet. There have been catastrophes that have come along before that have been caused by species of life. The sino bacteria two point two billion years ago. Evolve photosynthesis and they thought. Oh, here's, a great energy source sunlight. This is wonderful and they started polluting the air with oxygen which cause a catastrophe and wiped out most species that we're alive than so interesting. They were not. First, species to come along in the quest for an energy source and screw up the planet. That's not to get us completely off the hook because we do have, possibly intelligence and foresight and consciousness, that is to say, ok, this life interacts with the planet in complex ways and we're it's our turn right now and we're interacting with a planet in this way. That so far has been this the exponential growth in this exponential perturbation. And yet, if we don't change,
in some of our patterns. Then we will be like that virus and just destroy our own. The delegation, and that would be too bad, but we're having this conversation were coming aware of our role on the earth, and so I actually think that that makes us different the Santo bacteria and maybe we'll get to the point where we have enough that conversation. We can start to actually sort of self consciously alter our role, My wish and actually that's my expectation, I think we're we got a lot of learning to do, but we our species that alters our world and Learns and changes our behaviour, and I am actually optimistic about the human experience on earth and I can see why people think we are like a virus. We have been like a virus, but most viruses don't talk about the fact that their like viruses. We do we're Talkin, and so, whereas the offer whereby reacts Agnes makes us a little different, all differences there, you go. There's your answer: human beings, better than this Ano bacteria, so let's violently bowed slightly
slightly were aware of it better than sly? That's it just a little bit better than slide. Smarts lie, that's our new model, but we're smart girl. Aren't let's, let's move on to rob Wilkinson and robs from Jacksonville Florida with pollution problems such as the Pacific garbage patch. How viable is using the magma of subjection zones to break down garbage, especially plastic, to reduce the number of landfills this guy's thought about this question just a little bit? What's what's what his theory does? Why that hold water? And that's that's pretty that's pretty wild. I mean first of all, yeah Pacific garbage patch, there's a big zone of garbage of plastic that has been found in the Pacific, it's kind of scary, because it's this huge zone, hundreds of miles across. That's that's all of our stuff- that sort of collecting there in the Pacific and slowly breaking down. So it's
you know it's big human impact on earth is not subtle any longer. Now, specifically, this Sean of using the magna in subjection for those of you that dont know us abduction zone is a place where you know earth has plate tectonics the plates that cross the solid part of our earth is split into these thirteen or sell place that are sliding around and crashing into each other, and some of my cropping up crumpling up into my and other ones are getting pushed underneath and the places where they get pushed underneath deep into the earth or subjection zones, and that is a place where material gets taken down into the earth and baroque down into its constituent, get all elements. Or at least small molecules, and so if you could take all the plastic and put it in the right place, yeah that would get rid of it. For sure and break it down. I dont know how feasible it is. I'd like to like the Beatles that I'd like to see you I am you know, but the but I'd die, wouldn't roll it out. I mean that's the kind of cream
thinking that we need. You know how do you really get rid of plastic shore? Put it on a Sabena, Seductions Onan Senate. The man of the earth. I am all for it. If I could see the details, I wouldn't wouldn't rule it out. I would I would you know before I invested in this we need to see the day after tomorrow, but no more of the yeah. That's the theory. He's got a pretty decent plan there such damning. There's nothing, there's nothing that sounds wacky about it to me. It sounds
you know like, and maybe maybe maybe there is a well developed plan for this- that I just don't know, give our trash the Morlocks. It's their problem, now read out there you go, they might even like it. Ok, let's move onto Youssef that Mark Esparza. What a great name regarding these recent earthquakes in Texas are their real. Are they really attributed to natural gas fracturing shit? We stop the fraction of find another way to get natural gas. Let me just say in addition to that, it is no longer just Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan and several other places in the country where we have seen seismic activity where we are I have not. There is also a fraction, of course, the people who fracture you there's no connection nano way. There is a connection, it's pretty, what's pretty well known in its understood physically how it works when you pump large amounts of water,
underground. You loosen up some of those faults and they move, and you got earthquakes. Fortunately, earthquakes you get from this, tend to be shallow, and rather small and there's even the argument that that's good, because the re leaving tension on the faults which otherwise would build up and eventually result in a large earthquake? So so there have been tracking related earthquakes. They haven't been like massive, catastrophic ones. It does speak to the fact that Our unintended consequences when we start doing these major engineering projects in like altering the earth in intense ways, in our greater and greater effort to extract those last bits of fossil fuels from the earth and in other different opinions about fracturing it
it's giving us fuel at a time that we need to re? Do sorry, foreign dependence on oil make an air could great have a natural gas is better than call, but on the law in the long run, its only at best interim solution, because we gotta move our energy supply away from fossil fuels. I mean we have to whether were worried about climate change or not because they're gonna run out and if we go to extreme, to get those last little few percent remains of fossil fuels. We could do a lot of damage. You know the tar sands and tabletop my mountain top mining there's a lot of like really horrible things. You can do to get that last bit of fossil fuel, Maybe fraction goes into that. Maybe not, I think, there's ways to do it safer and there's a lot of danger to the water supply and so forth. So I have mixed feelings about franking, but the earth, Our real and they do speak to the fact that we're not smart enough to enter
They are the unintended consequences and ultimately we know we gotta go beyond fossil fuels, so we really are putting our creativity and our ingenuity into those new energy supplies that we're going to need, no matter how much bracken we do here. So the answer is, without a doubt, these Earthquakes are real, oh yeah, and we pretty much need to stop racking yeah in the long run in the long run. Absolute ok and you do realise that never going to happen. Knobs hope, he'll kill a lot of money. We're talking about. Eventually, it's gotta happened because we're gonna run out of all that stuff. You know what now that's the day, I'm looking forward to the day we get off of fossil fuels is the day where there are no more fossil fuels,
that's one way to look at it, but one way or another. You know a thousand years from now, probably a hundred years from now and not can be using fossil fuels. Data are well, let's take a break and will come back and a little bit and will have some more star talk I've got no secret for you, when I consider singing all of the ads on this shell? Just one way to get out a hearing there go to patriarch arms last started, talk and the porters at the five dollar level or higher to listen the star talk ad free. You can download all current episodes into your favorite park, has player and ever hear. Another commercial on star talk ever again. You will definitely not after hear me saying if you support us at patriarch dot com last our talk,
I mean I'm just thinking I mean just saying. What about your star talk, radio, I'm day between spoon guest hosting sitting in four Neil Thyssen, and I'm here with with Chuck nice re most and on lifestyle that do a little self promotion, your chuck, what what's your twitter handle for the folks I thank you. David was so kind of you. You can find me at Chuck. Nice comic on Twitter, so If you like to follow me, I am more than happy to have yet so interesting. We now I've got a twitter handle to and what would that be? That would be doktor. Funky spoon at doktor, funky spoon is awesome, yander, funky spoon. I love it. Yeah yeah thanks and
and my website is funky science dot net fantasize, that net and the star talk website is STAR talk, radio, dot net. That's correctly, you can find all kinds more cool stuff at that address. Anyways, let's get back to doom industry, It seems like we ve, been on this on this rift over here the whole. I everything about the human impact on earth isn't like negative and destruction in, and terror and an doomsday, but it seems like that's what people associate with a topic that, through its understandable wise, is only because you know, you really don't see: lemurs screwing up the environment so that spoken up, we gotta, we got it. We got our own that, given enough time the lemurs would evolve to the point where it not be causing horrible industrial damages to I'm sure dad got
those lemurs. Eight million years from now, you just watch what they do. The plan exactly. I love your lemurs so much our right here we got let's go to. Let's go to Libby PAL Crow, who said the solution to pollution is dilution. Is it that's basically, what she wants to know is the solution to pollution dilution. What to say that all over those illusion to pollution is losing. I think, he's got it. Ok, let's get yeah. Well, it's a great question in its catchy to IRAN and superficially. Yes, I mean you know every
but he's some. Let's face it, taken a leak in the ocean at some point in their life, and you don't think too badly about that because they ocean is you dry it and it's like? What's the problem by but out fully you don't do it in a hot tub right. Could that's like little and but ultimately, of course, the world is more like that hot tub and on any given scheme I mean the hot question these days is Fukushima radiation and that's like a whole, Europe's hot, but in question. But the fact is, you can put a lot of the in the ocean at one point and by the time, We are talking about the hall Ocean. If you look at the numbers and you get to the other side of the ocean, then you're down in the noise you're down in it. You know the natural variation level. Were you really don't have to worry about it? So, in a certain not harmful exactly so, you have a solution to pollution is dilution, but you can't use that as a cop out in figure, because the ocean is
infinite right and wanting we ve learned. I think historically, people thought the world was infinite and yelled the west. Will you know we could just keep expanding forever, but hey you get. The end at some point and you come back and you encounter yourself and so ultimately know the solution to pollution it is not. I lose, I Lucian is it's a short term fix fora, awful horrible problem, yeah that you should probably look to something else other than the dilution. Yes, but it is catching, but in this case he I do like you know what I've learned from this question. Why no one wants to my hot tub. That's pretty much what I m not saying I do that just using an example. No I'm saying do and that's the problem. Ok, let's move on this from drew Willis from Davidson North Carolina. What impact
the industrial Revolution in America Slash Europe have on the current climate, now their pictures of small stacks and children and so etc. Are we now developing industrial aspects of Asia going through the same thing, yeah great question: when did this problem really start right? It was in the eighties that people first started really talk. But global warming. As this might be, you know some. We really need to pay attention to some people, and about two hundred years ago, but it wasn't considered a mainstream worry. But now people are looking at what we call the anthropogenic era, which is this study of the human impact on earth. Looking at us a geological period, do you know that the time at which humans are are changing the earth and end interesting question. When did that start? Some people say it was the industrial revolution. That's when you know we discovered this imagine we started using a lot of fossil fuels? That's when we started up and see or two into the air right. Some people say it say it started
before then, by the way we recall sure yeah, I was gonna, say Conniston with agriculture, with the lot account farts. Let's be honest, you got a lot of calico arts and clearing the latter in the land, with our two stage YAP changing that that the carbon cycle humans really started changing the carbon cycle and change in climate thousands of years ago. So it excels rated in the industrial revolution of the Euro, a teen fifty and it's really accelerator the last thirty years with what we call the great acceleration were everything's going exponentially off the charts so also, as is also too because now we're all doing it. You know you know before it was just Europe and America. Now it's Europe, America, China, Russia, the all of brick. You know it's it's every body out the developing nations. Now one of the ways in which their developing is their mimicking are no success in real him has
not the atmosphere- and you know how are we to say they shouldn't do it does because we did it, but in all in this together other than to say back is alert for what exactly. But hopefully you know it's in our interest to help them do their technology better, is in everyone's interests. So yeah, you know in a certain sense, they ve got the right to pollute because we ve- Who did that? In another sense, we have got to solve this problem because We are there's only one atmosphere more Aubrey than it could now very quickly. What was that error? You you set against the anthropogenic era at Super human, human, the anthropocentric era. Just remember that drew because there is the answer to your question. It's all of us at all times, yeah, alright! Well, on that now, we'll be back in a few minutes with more star.
I'm about to start on radio master biologist, David grinned spoon sitting in four Neil Thyssen, and I'm here with Chechnya. Yes, yes and we're talking about we're. Doing cosmic queries talking about human impact on earth and Chuck. Has all these great questions sent in by listeners and that's? What's? Let's have another: one is jump right back into an ok and this one from Markel horror, but now Marcos, as do you think, the climate change debate would be different if global warming was branded as climate change from the beginning of that tough question: you know it's like so much, not a science question. It's it's! A marketing and psychology question mean is very interesting and I think those of us in the science community we kind of get down and ourselves and say, or with handled this wrong. There's all this anti science and paperwork and
is in against. If only we had used this word and not that word, and I don't know, I think that resistance comes from the fact that that has a great deal of money being thrown at the problem. Why energy companies, add that to confuse the issue. May money exploiting human psychology in the human psychology is to not be able to believe that we are actually affect. The earth? In this way I mean, after all, it's the earth and we're just us right and how could we possibly be messing up the entire world and so others that there's a actual human disbelief. Innocent that's been exploited, I think, by those who do have an interest financially and saying oh you know global warming ha ha and then, of course we respond to these short timescale. Thing salvo be like a cold spell or snow storm and people will say of, where's your global warming right now and of course it doesn't work that way. In fact, you can have years of called temperatures and global warming is still happen
Because there's natural fluctuation superimposed on the long term trend- but you know you it is: it is a marketing problems, getting people to accept this, and so so you can wander off What if we hadn't used global warming, you know what did we make some horrible mistake? I tend to think no, it's like it's more a question of getting people to kind of grow up and face reality in the end. That's not like. Well good luck with that, but I don't think we made some horrible language choice by calling it global warming and climate change has better in a certain sense in that it's more complex than just oh things are getting hotter. It's all these changes rainfall dorms. You know moisture temperature is connected chain. I heard someone say once we should call a global weirding, because really it's more about extra weather patterns, not just climate or as as you say, temperature or not, whether yeah extreme, this of the absolutely absolutely global weirding, because because there are certain locations
course that we'll get warmer and certain locations that won't as much for a long time in certain places will, the winners and losers and they'll be changes in precipitation. Matters is much more complex than just a change in temperature, so global weirding is not bad course roll off the tongue. Ghetto economist earth seem creepy right yeah, just like you know with what are you wearing? You know that the global Weirding, that's me- that the basque or gettin weird? Well, you know what years a follow up to Marcos, question from Daniel heed or head I'm going heed. Our climate changes really climate changes. Ok, we look like we call it climate change. Is it really climate change? While what else would it be? I mean ok,
I would like, on a permanent basis, like harmony is harmony, changes like all permanent change, whelps, not just our racy, whether Pat it's not it's not permanent. What we're doing because the earth has these long term cycles, where, in fact the carbon is regulated without our interference at all long before we got here, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up, it went down and due to all kinds of complexities in the earth system and changes in the orbit and solar radiation and positions of the continent's there's. All these things that, over the long term, change climate and earth has a natural mechanism that regulates seo to regulates com. In the long run, because volcanoes, and because of chemical reactions that succeed, two out of the atmosphere and make limestone and all that the the earth returned to normal and the climate will return to normal. But that takes a few million years to happen up also, that will not help us daily girl will return to normal without
so nothin's permanent, but on the timescale we worry about our timescale of our civilization, it's what we're doing will last for thousands tens of thousands of years. So for your purposes in my purposes, it's pretty permanent gotcha. So here you go catastrophic for us, nothing to the earth, yeah, exactly exactly we're, not threatening the earth. People say: save the earth. None and it's not save the earthy earth. Will be fine, it's save the human right. So basically, you talk about these debates, it's about our own carcass, well and all the other species of my ankle with us. You know I don't care about them, David, outlying regions, because we need em. I gotta tell you I'm a little partially human beings because I happen to be want, but try to be a human being on earth without those other species and where host I we're gonna take a break. Now we back in a few minutes with more star talk. Radio. In the meantime, you can visit us on the website at STAR Talk, radio dot net followers on Twitter at STAR, talk, radio and check it out on
its work on the start off radio Facebook page will see you in a few. I welcome back to is talk. Radio, David grins, Bernard Monasterboice August, filling in four Neil Thyssen. I'm here with my co host Chuck nice yeah, and we are now ready, hopefully for the lightning round. This is where we quickly get to a lot of questions we didn't get to before and give succinct
but highly incisive. An accurate answer said is correct certain. Whenever you are done with your answer to allow me, there is time to move on to this and there we have it. So let us get it does not feel get right, let's just right into it. Alright, this is from a Susan monopoly to combat global warming. Besides reducing our production of greenhouse gases, is there any way to reduce the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth. I'm thinking ring world shadows squares around the earth rather than around the sun. Oh yeah, schemes that people have come up with where we could Box and solar radiation by putting things in orbit big, shadowy squares, massive engineering schemes,
in the long run. Humanity might want to do something like that. I am wary of that in the short run, because that sort of an abdication of our responsibility just like get control out of our energy and our emissions, but I think we should put that in the parking lot as they say and considerate for some food sure time when we know what we're doing a little bit more with space technology and we may ultimately need to because the sun's getting warmer and in the future we're going to take more drastic measure so yeah, maybe maybe ultimately will do that. Let's go for another one, yet they I right. This is from mark right on Twitter is nuclear power, maybe our best real choice. Morally, Chernobyl place territory beyond human use, but plants and animals thrive, the morality of nuclear power as a lightning question shorter! That's easy! You know it's a tricky question
more concern. You are about global warming as an emergency. The more you have to consider other power sources and nuclear power does not create the kind of carbon footprint that fossil fuels. Does nuclear power is scary because it makes all this waste that last for a long time, and we dont completely know how to deal with, but I think the responsible thing for us to do is to be seriously considering nuclear as part, the constellation of solutions that we need to come up with, but it's not gonna be the whole answer, and it's probably not something that should be completely off limits. Data also from Twitter, Rachel Fender says: what would the consequences of a sudden decrease in greenhouse gases be versus a gradual decrease good question
There is everybody's worried about climate change more and more seo to getting hot or what would happen if the co2 went away right away today by the way, when you talk about some of these solutions, like let's GEO engineer, something, let's design some organism that succeed two out of the atmosphere. What, if we're too successful, we can't turn it off and all the co2 goes away we would die. We depend on the fact that we have a couple honey parts per million co2 in the atmosphere to keep earthworm enough. So a sudden decrease in co2 would be just as bad or worse maybe even then a sudden increase in co2. You need a certain. A range of co2, and you don't want to go too far out of that range in either direction. Awesome answer I love it yet, but would it help if we just saw hyper ventilated? You know
It may help you are here we go. This is from Ben Ratner, also from twitter. What have we learned about life in space that we have been able to use to improve life on earth? Well, I mean an overall sense, the perspective of thinking about life in space and how life works on planets in general has given us a lot of new prospects, If on life on our planet, but more specifically, we ve learned about things about how radiation effects organisms. We ve learned how to think about closed environments if you're going to design a space station you need to recycle. Everything will ultimately were realizing now that our own earth is a closed environment. We talk about biosphere, two aware here by Us here one bows re one is a closed environment and so just death. Thinking about how you would desire in space systems. I think really has made
smarter about realising that a certain sense we are in a in a space system. We are life in space, our planet is spaceship earth, and so some of those design problems turned back around and bus conceive of how we are going to survive for the long term on this space ship that we happen to have evolved on awesome. Great answer right. This one is from Beth Grace. The risk we are taking with our planet reflect sir, mindsets we have about natural resources and our relationships with other life. What lessons to you think we need to learn before we colonise other planets in order to avoid transporting the same patterns of mismanagement other worlds to really get question, because people tend to have as utopian view of our watches a common as other planets and everything will be fine, but course we're gonna bring our same mindsets and patterns there.
And ultimately do. We want to just turn Mars into a giant strip. Mall and Us Strip, mind disasters own and now, of course you know I'm I'm all in ever of humans going into space and exploring and leaving elsewhere, but but we can escape ourselves and ultimately, the lessons of how to live sustainably on a planet are ones that we're going to have learn and carry with us wherever we go in the universe, so there it is get it right at home. First then, take it on the road. This has been really fun. I think we're gone to wrap it up now. This has been star talk, radio, thank you so much for joining us today. I've had a great time here with with Chuck Chuck nice and chuck one more time. What's your twitter, you can finally adds up nice comic. Thank you.
And I'm doctor fund spoon and you can find out more star talk radio got that. Thank you so much for listening. We should listen. The star talk commercial, free, joint star talk on pay. For as little as five dollars per month and the ads will disappear. Learn more at patriarch dot com slap star, talk, radio,
Transcript generated on 2020-01-25.


Eating out had never sounded so good as I was looking at my little 2 burner electric cooktop sitting on top of the fridge. That seemed like a lot of effort. The countertop was already filled with groceries that I was trying to unpack, and the idea of chopping up the vegetables that sat in front of me made me crave Jimmy Johns. We knew when we were designing the tiny house that we wanted to have a completely open countertop setup that didn't include a stove top, so this was our solution. That solution continued to sit unplugged on top of the fridge. I glanced around the room that Zach and I had created, still a little bit bewildered at the fact that we had built this thing on our own.
Last February Zach and I were talking about tiny houses more than we talked about anything else. We emailed tiny house photos back and forth to each other throughout the day, and created new design schemes constantly. Just like everyone else who had noticed the trend, we were hooked. It wasn't until we found out that Zach was deploying that we decided to make the big move to a small life. We had three weeks to build ourselves a home that we would live in for the next 5 years of our life. Every design was put on the table, and the planning began.
We tried our best to create a tiny house that looked like the ones you see in Instagram posts: those interior shots that are crisp and clean, with great lines…. and minimal storage space. It wasn't until we were halfway through designing our home that we realized we needed way more storage than our design was giving us. Every picture we were looking at for inspiration was beautiful, but totally unlivable! We needed to bridge that gap between having a home that was 'minimalist' and actually having something that we could store our belongings in comfortably. It was at this point that our design actually became our own. Once we started construction, we started obsessing over the smallest things— how else would your mind work when you're dealing with 240 sq. ft. of pure creation?
With something so small, every foot counted: every wall space, every shelf, every nook. We put all of our effort into designing our home, using graph paper to mark out the length of our kitchen sink, bedroom closet, all the way to the storage bins for our shoes. We had absolutely no background experience in architecture or design, we were just praying that Zach's one drafting class in High School would pay off. Most of all we knew we would have to get rid of stuff—and a lot of it.
The driving force behind our transition was our living situation. Zach and I were both students at University of Wyoming, and we were both acutely aware of the fact that we were throwing money at an apartment that didn't deserve it. We wanted something of our own that screamed Zach and Tessa. The hardest part about the tiny house wasn't the build itself, but deciding what 'look' we were going for. We knew that the design was going to define us for the next 5 years, and with that in mind we turned to rustic minimalism.
When you're young and making big changes in your life, impulsive attachments to material objects become the least of your worries. I know at 22 years old Zach and I didn't feel compelled to keep the majority of what we owned in an apartment that wasn't ours, but we also knew that we had to choose our belongings somewhat methodically. When we decided to switch gears and build ourselves a tiny house, the number of objects that we were going to bring into, and out of, our lives kept me up at night. I felt like I was teetering on this line between needing to keep everything that was functional and avoiding running out of clean underwear. We hadn't even started building yet and we were getting rid of everything: clothes, excess gear that we had multiples of, trinkets and gadgets. I suppose in a way we were becoming minimalists before we had even moved in. Our consolidation process started with all of our excess gear and clothing, which was packed away in boxes for a few months just to make sure we could do without. We already had our storage system planned out for the tiny house, the most important part of any closet-sized space. It took more effort to plan out where we were keeping our biking gear than it did to figure out where we were putting the kitchen sink. Zach and I were terrified that all of our spring cleaning and Goodwill trips weren't going to be enough.
Eventually we made it happen. After 3 weeks of immense frustration, copious amounts of stress, and overwhelming amounts of adoration, our tiny house was finished, our dismal belongings moved in, and our new life in progress. My only goal at this point is to not break anything at home before Zach comes back from deployment. Fingers crossed, our living situation in the tiny house will be just as comfortable with him home as it is by myself. Lucky for us we have a pretty decent set up.
When it comes to tiny houses, the only options is to adopt a minimalist design approach, and we knew that from day one. At the end of our build, our design was 'functional' by definition - thanks to hours of intensive contemplation - but it still had its quirks, and we've had to accept that. After all of the mental stressors, we successfully created a living space that was minimalistic but practical for what we needed. Yes, I still have to reach for the stove on top of the fridge, and we have yet to fill our shelves with books because I panicked and got rid of my novels before the big move. But we're learning, and adjusting, and mastering the art of living in a minimalist environment that we created with our bare hands… and a few power tools.


In the House of Commons on October 26th, 1999. See this statement in context.
October 26th, 1999 / 2:50 p.m.
Mr. Speaker, we have to remember that EI is not an industry or a business. It is an income support program for those who qualify. Those who are eligible apply for it and receive benefits based upon the earnings they have been taking home from the jobs they have had.
If the member would like to bring the particular details of this case to my attention, I will investigate it with him.


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Q: Under what conditions the quotient space of a manifold is a manifold? There are many operations we can do with topological spaces that when we apply to topological manifolds gives us back topological manifolds. The disjoint union and the product are examples of that.
Another common operation is to take the quotient by some equivalence relation. Now, the definition of manifold I'm used to is the following: a topological manifold is a topological space $M$ such that $M$ is Hausdorff, has an enumerable basis for the topology and is locally euclidean of dimension $n$.
Now, we know that the quotient of a Hausdorff space is not necessarily Hausdorff. So, under what conditions if we have a manifold $M$ and an equivalence relation $\sim$ on $M$ the quotient space $M/\sim$ will be a manifold?

A: As I'm sure you know, the category of smooth (topological?) manifolds is one of those categories where the objects are very nice but the category itself is terrible. I cannot describe the number of times I've heard the algebraic geometers curse the smooth category.
I am not certain this is a total classification, but From Lee's Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, Theorem 9.19:

If $\tilde M$ is a connected smooth manifold and $\Gamma$ is a discrete group acting smoothly, freely, and properly on $\tilde M$, then the quotient $\tilde M/\Gamma$ is a topological manifold and has a unique smooth structure such that $\pi: \tilde M \to \tilde M/\Gamma$ is a smooth covering map.

The manifold portion of this comes from the Quotient Manifold Theorem:

If $G$ is a Lie group acting smoothly, freely, and properly on a smooth manifold $M$, then the quotient space $M/G$ is a topological manifold with a unique smooth structure such that the quotient map $M \to M/G$ is a smooth submersion.

And then applying this to the (zero-dimensional) Lie group of deck transformations.
Edit: The proof of the Hausdorff property is very similar to @useruser43208's response, and uses the properness of the action. Take the orbit set
$$ \mathcal O = \{ (g\cdot p,p): g \in G, p \in M \} \subseteq M \times M$$
which is closed under the properness assumption. Any two distinct points $\pi(p)$ and $\pi(q)$ in the image of the quotient map $\pi: M \to M/G$ must have arisen from distinct orbits,  so $(p,q) \notin \mathcal O$. Hence we may find a product neighbourhood $U_p\times U_q \subseteq M \times M$ of $(p,q)$ disjoint from $\mathcal O$, hence $\pi(U_p)$ and $\pi(U_q)$ are separating open neighbourhoods (since $\pi$ is open).

A: My memory is that Bourbaki has a theorem which says: if $E \subseteq M \times M$ is an equivalence relation such that

*

*$E$ is a closed submanifold of $M \times M$, and

*The first projection $\pi_1: E \to M$ is a submersion,
then the quotient space $M/E$ inherits from $M$ a smooth manifold structure. Still trying to track down the exact reference.
Edit: Since there has been some commentary below this answer, let me provide a reference to the original Bourbaki. It's section 5.9.5 in Bourbaki's Variétés différentielles et analytiques, (Hermann, 1967). The statement is as I have it above, except that I added that $E$ should be closed in $M \times M$, in order for the quotient $M/E$ to come out Hausdorff.
Note also that Bourbaki formulates it in the form of an if and only if statement.

A: There is quite a lot on this problem already known. The study of the Hausdorff (usually metrizable) spaces gotten from taking quotients of manifolds is called decomposition space theory and has a wonderful history.
A special case of this which has gathered a lot of attention is when is the quotient of a manifold $M$ actually homeomorphic to $M$. Bing in the 1950's and 1960's studied cases of this problem extensively and showed a certain quotient of $S^3$ is actually homeomorphic to $S^3$ and used such a decomposition to construct involutions of $S^3$ not conjugate to any smooth ones.  Brown proved the generalized Schoenflies theorem using similar techniques. In the 80's Freedman used this theory to prove to 4-dimensional Poincare conjecture.
In your case, if the quotient map has only one nontrivial set $K$ being identified to a point and $K$ is compact, then the quotient space is homeomorphic to a manifold if and only if $K$ is a countably infinite intersection of nested closed balls ($K$ is cellular according to the literature). Such a characterization also works perfectly if there are only finitely many nontrivial sets identified to a point.
If there are infinitely many such sets, things become more complicated. Realizing when a "generalized manifold" is a manifold to my knowledge is not completely understood though there are a lot of partial results.
Daverman gives a nice account of most of this story in his book here including some of the mentioned partial results near the end.

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Star Wars and the Ancient Religion
By Peter Jones / January 8, 2016
Topic Paganism
The Occasion
Star Wars is pervaded by an overtly pagan worldview, throwing the contrast between the Christian gospel and the spirituality of "the Force" into sharp relief, and offering opportunities to present the Gospel in a fresh way for our time.
The appearance of a new version of Star Wars is an important moment for Christian witness. To be sure, we can shrug our shoulders, since Star Wars is old news. Or we can enthusiastically introduce our grandchildren to a beloved, harmless yarn. Or we can and should discover this as an occasion to help our children and grandchildren to understand the culture in which they live in order to speak the Gospel more accurately to it.
In this famous and creative saga, which we must respect for its artistic value, we find many positive ideals – bravery, friendship, love and spirituality, among others, which help explain the success of the series. However, in examining Star Wars' account of the mystery and nobility of human life, the Bible's answer, in comparison, emerges with incomparably more convincing power.
The Star Wars Phenomenon
Answering questions of morality and spirituality was the goal of George Lucas when he created the movies. In the 1970s, in the heyday of secular humanism, people were hungry for spiritual truth. Lucas realized that stories were more powerful than intellectual theories – especially for children. He intended to produce a children's fairy tale set in outer space as a "teaching tool" for the re-creation of "the classic cosmic mysteries," based on "The Force." In so doing, he influenced audiences young and old and deeply affected the last few decades of Western civilization. The new series will no doubt extend that influence into the next generations. The "It" has returned.
Understanding Worldview
As millions of people stream, perhaps naively, into theaters this weekend to reconnect with the powerful Star Wars adult fairy tale, most of them will be unaware of the worldview that gives this saga its structure and coherence. "Worldview" simply means the way we think about the world without stopping to think about it! The fish doesn't need to think about the water in which it swims. I've spent much of my teaching and writing years showing that there are only two ways to see the world. I call them "Oneism" and "Twoism,"[1] which is another way of describing what the Apostle Paul tells us in Romans 1:25. He says that there are only two ways to be human – we either worship nature (in a thousand different ways) or we worship the Creator. If you can count from one to two you can understand worldview. Worship of nature is Oneism because nature is all there is and everything is made of the same stuff. All is one! This is the essence of a pagan worldview. Worship of the Creator means that in all of reality there are two kinds of existence: the uncreated Creator, and everything else, which is created. That is the worldview of Twoism.
By this standard, Star Wars is clearly Oneist. In spite of the fun elements we all enjoy, the message of the film is self-consciously pagan. If this sounds harsh, it intends only to be accurate. Check out the following elements.
A Oneist Approach to Morality, Creation, Spirituality, Redemption and Death
Here are some of the Oneist principles we find in the Star Wars movies:
Morality is what you make it. The Force is either good or evil, depending how you tap into it via your emotions. There is no objective distinction between good or evil.
Existence creates itself. Obi-Wan Kenobi says: "The Force is an energy field created by all living things. There is no Creator/creature distinction.
Spirituality is found within, not revealed from the outside. Luke Skywalker must trust his feelings, empty his mind of questions and "feel the Force flowing through him," in order to create his own truth.
In redemption, Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader optimistically "saves" the galaxy and destroys the emperor, though evil cannot ultimately be eliminated, because evil is an integral part of a Oneist world.
According to Yoda, death is eternal sleep.
Specifically, Star Wars Contains a Pagan View of God
Lucas said he desired to produce something spiritual, but the spirituality he proposes is clearly not based on biblical Twoism. This is most obviously the case when the constant pagan blessing, "the Force be with you" replaces the typical biblical blessing, "the Lord be with you." For Lucas, God is a "force" not a person. Nature, containing that "force," or "energy" is part of the Force. God the transcendent Creator separate from creation does not exist. This makes Star Wars, at the deepest level, Oneist.
But just how Oneist? To answer this question, we need a little background. You may want to watch Only Two Religions, especially part three, "Carl Jung's Alternative Spirituality." Very simply, Lucas's terms, "dark side" and "light side" come directly from Carl Jung, an anti-Christian Swiss psychologist of the last century whose enormous influence planted seeds of Oneist pagan thinking that are now flowering vigorously in our culture today. Part of Jung's legacy is Star Wars.
George Lucas picked up Carl Jung's ideas from a man he called his "mentor" and "friend," Joseph Campbell, who was a committed disciple of Jung. A highly influential thinker in his own right, Campbell rejected Christianity and became an expert in pagan myths. He produced a highly successful PBS documentary series, The Power of Myth (1988), filmed, in part, at Lucas's Skywalker Ranch.
It was Jung who introduced the "spiritual," pagan myths about joining the dark and light sides. For him this meant the rejection of the biblical Christ and the worship of the Gnostic god, Abraxas, half man, half beast – a god higher than both the Christian God and devil and who combines all opposites. This joining of the dark side and light side, of good and evil, of God and Satan, is what Joseph Campbell called "the monomyth" of "the "ancient religion" which he taught to Lucas. At a high point in the series Darth Vader is revealed as "the balancer," the joiner of good and evil.
Though Lucas doesn't go as deeply into such ideas as did Jung and Campbell, he popularizes their ideas effectively. We see the "joining of opposites" in the following areas:
everything is relative;
there is no distinction between animals, humans and machines;
there are no moral absolutes;
there is no unique divine/human mediator;
there is no personal God, separate from us, who made and redeemed the world.
How Has Our Worldview Been Transformed?
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727), one of the West's greatest scientists, said many years ago: "This most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being. . . . This Being governs all things, not as the soul of the world, but as Lord over all." Thanks, in part, to Lucas, many now believe that humanity is that intelligent and powerful Being, empowered by the Force, and that we will save ourselves.
Will the "Force Awaken" with the Same Force this Time?
Doubtless The Force Awakens will attempt to capture a new generation of naive myth lovers. The trailer declares:" the Force is calling to you. Just let It in." The "It" reawakens.
With enough money and imagination, there is every reason to think that the Force will reawaken pagan thinking in a new generation of Western believers who have already bought half a billion dollars' worth of tickets. Moreover, the appeal of paganism has certainly not diminished since the 1970s and '80s! The movie is bound to catch the imagination of those who now call themselves "spiritual but not religious." Our contemporary world now embraces Eastern pagan spirituality:
In Iceland, even atheists are joining the fastest growing religion, Zuism, which is a pagan faith from ancient Sumer.
Faerie Magazine (for people who believe in fairies) is the 19th most popular lifestyle title of the 157 sold at Barnes & Noble.
Millions of Americans practice forms of Eastern meditation and yoga to be released from the bondage of opposites and to succeed in joining the dark and light sides of existence.
In rediscovering "The Force," these eager spiritual ticket-holders believe they will find themselves "in heaven," as one fan recently said.
A Christian Response
A large part of my life has been dominated by Star Wars imagery, as I have published a trilogy responding to the pagan phenomenon that it represents. Thus, I wrote The Gnostic Empire Strikes Back, Spirit Wars, and Return of the Rabbi (as an ebook – in printed form, Capturing the Pagan Mind). These "wars of the spirit," popularly revived by Lucas, represent, as noted above, the only two spiritualities offered: the "monomyth" of pagan Oneism or the historic gospel of biblical Twoism. With Stars Wars, we find ourselves at the very center of this timeless spiritual struggle.
To Go or Not to Go
IMHO, there are good reasons for viewing this film. We can certainly respect its artistic and entertainment value. Galactic battle scenes and human drama are a lot of fun. But also, by seeing this movie, Christians can sharpen their understanding of both contemporary culture and their appreciation of the Christian faith, allowing them to see in antithetical clarity both the Christian message and the message of Star Wars, in order to present the Gospel in a fresh way for our time.
In doing this, we follow what Christians have done throughout the ages. We need to realize that when Obi-Wan Kenobi instructs Luke to follow "the ancient religion," this is a clear technical reference, (for those in the know), to pre-Christian paganism. The gauntlet is thrown down, in a call to theological confrontation. But this ancient, modernized "religion," while implicitly claiming to be true, creates immense problems and really gives no satisfying answers to the major mysteries of life:
no impersonal force or "it" can meet the deep affective and moral needs of human persons;
no merely human or impersonal source can give an adequate account of the origins of the universe, since such an account fails to provide a convincing explanation of either the mystery of human personhood or of the overwhelming presence of intelligence, on which the entire universe, and this movie, in particular, are based – including the love between Luke and his father, and the technological wizardry that makes Star Wars so much fun.
Only a transcendent, personal, triune Creator can do that. Only the truth of such a personal God can meet our deepest needs.
At this re-launch of the Star Wars seductive myth, implicitly declaring that "all is finally well because all is one," the world needs to hear not myth but a bold proclamation of an historical fact, the fact that in Christ, in AD 30, God defeated the darkness of the evil empire of human sin. This is what Christians celebrate at Christmas. There is real deliverance to needy, guilty human souls, and a real promise, not of a soul-less eternal sleep, but of a future eternal resurrected life in a face-to-face personal relationship with Him, our Maker and loving Redeemer.
May the peace of Christ be with you.
[1] If you wish to study this more closely, please see my book One or Two: Seeing a World of Difference (2010)].
Only 7000: From Carmel to Horeb to Calvary
By Peter Jones
Pagan tolerance goes only one way; opposition is silenced. Ahab and Jezebel coveted, killed, and stole to get their way.
Spanish Sermon
The Coming Pagan Utopia
By Joe Boot and Peter Jones
In this collection of lectures given at the 2013 truthXchange Think Tank, the authors analyze a variety of current utopian visions that inspire false hopes in today's culture, as well as presenting the true hopes God offers humanity. By showing the emptiness of human utopias and the glorious truth that only God's final "eu-topia" offers, these articles will equip Christians to understand false hopes and to live out the truth of the sure hope Christ offers.
Embracing the Father or Facing Futilty
By Joe Boot
Having been brought into the family of God by the blood of Christ, we are now brothers and sisters who are required to love one another.
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Sheryl Underwood Net Worth
in Richest Celebrities › Richest Comedians
Sheryl Underwood Net Worth:
Place of Birth: Little Rock
Profession: Comedian, Actor, Screenwriter
What Is Sheryl Underwood's Net Worth and Salary?
Sheryl Underwood is an American comedian, television host, actress, and producer who has a net worth of $8 million. Underwood gained prominence as the first ever female finalist in the Miller Lite Comedy Search back in 1989. She has been a co-host on the CBS series "The Talk" since 2011, and she hosted "BET's Comicview" from 2005 to 2006. As an actress, Sheryl has appeared In the films "I Got the Hook-Up" (1998), "Beauty Shop" (2005) and "The Bounce Back" (2016) and the television series "The Young and the Restless" (2012−2013), "The Odd Couple" (2016), and "The Bold and the Beautiful" (2016−2019).
Underwood also hosted and produced the comedy/variety series "Holla" from 2002 to 2003, and she has her own "multi-faceted strategic marketing and brand development firm," Pack Rat Productions, Inc. She launched Sheryl Underwood Radio, which airs on more than 580 radio affiliates, and the "The World According To Sheryl," which is "the podcast of all Sheryl Underwood Radio produced content." She also hosts the "Sheryl Underwood Radio Podcast."
💰 Compare Sheryl Underwood's Net Worth
Sheryl Underwood was born Sheryl Patrice Underwood on October 28, 1963, in Little Rock, Arkansas. She was born with a twin, but sadly, her twin did not survive. Underwood has said that her mother lied and told her that her father murdered her twin and that her mother once stabbed her father. Sheryl has an older brother named Michael, and her older sister, Frankie, was diagnosed with polio as a child. Frankie is disabled, and she moved in with Underwood after the death of their mother in 1997. Sheryl helped take care of Frankie during her childhood and has said of that time, "I was becoming an adult at 8 years old." Underwood attended the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she joined the Zeta Phi Beta sorority and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in liberal arts. She then enrolled at Governors State University, earning master's degrees in mass communication and media management. After college, Underwood enlisted in the United States Air Force, serving two years in the reserves.
After making it to the finals in the 1989 Miller Lite Comedy Search, Sheryl appeared on "Def Comedy Jam" (1992), "Showtime at the Apollo" (1994), and "Make Me Laugh" (1997). In 1998, she made her big screen debut in the Warren Beatty comedy "Bulworth" and played Bad Mouth Bessie in "I Got the Hook-Up." She reprised her role in 2019's "I Got the Hook Up 2." In 2002, Underwood guest-starred on The WB sitcom "Nikki" and appeared on "Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn," then in 2003, she starred in her own episode of "Comedy Central Presents" and was featured in the TV documentary "Heroes of Comedy: Women on Top." In 2005, she played Catfish Rita in "Beauty Shop" alongside Queen Latifah, Djimon Hounsou, Alicia Silverstone, Alfre Woodard, Sherri Shepherd, Andie MacDowell, and Kevin Bacon, and she appeared in the TV movie "Getting Played" and the television documentaries "Made You Look: Top 25 Moments of BET History" and "A Comic's Climb at the USCAF." That year Sheryl also began hosting "BET's Comicview," and from 2007 to 2010, she appeared on "1st Amendment Stand Up" four times, twice as a host and twice as a performer. She became a contributor on "The Steve Harvey Morning Show" in 2010, and she has hosted the radio shows "Sheryl Underwood and Company" and "The Sheryl Underwood Show."
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In 2011, Underwood began co-hosting "The Talk" with Sara Gilbert, Julie Chen, and Sharon Osbourne. As of this writing, she has appeared in more than 2,000 episodes of the show and has earned seven Daytime Emmy nominations. Since joining "The Talk," Sheryl has also guest-starred on "The Millers" (2013), "Madam Secretary" (2014), "The Comeback" (2014), "Supergirl" (2016), "Happy Together" (2018), "Jane the Virgin" (2018), and "Kidding" (2020). She also had a recurring role as Diane on the CBS sitcom "The Odd Couple" in 2016 and as Emmy on the soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 2016 to 2019. Underwood competed on "Celebrity Name Game" more than a dozen times between 2014 and 2017, and she has appeared in more than 30 episodes of "Funny You Should Ask" since 2017.
In 1987, Sheryl married a chef named Michael, and on her first episode of "The Talk" in 2011, she revealed that he died by suicide three years into their marriage. In 2016, she told "People" magazine, "I made him a German chocolate cake that morning, and I said, 'Drop the bills in the mailbox and I'll see you when you get home.' It's the most painful thing in the world because he is not coming back." After graduating from college, Underwood was raped by an unknown assailant. She spoke about the traumatic experience in a 2017 episode of "The Talk," stating, "I remember having a 'this is it' moment when I was raped. I just kept thinking, 'This ain't it. I am not going to die today. I refuse to die today. It's not going down like this.' So the only thing I thought was: 'What do I do to survive?'"
Though Sheryl has generally voted Republican, she campaigned for President Barack Obama in 2012 and for Hillary Clinton in 2016. Underwood was elected International President of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority in 2008, and she has served as a Graduate Member at Large, National Chair of Honorary Members, and National Executive Board Chair as well. Sheryl is also a member of the NAACP and the National Council of Negro Women and the founder the African-American Female Comedian Association. She has received honorary doctorates from the University of Illinois-Chicago, South Carolina State University, Benedict College (Columbia, SC), and Voorhees College (Denmark, SC).
Between 2014 and 2020, Underwood and her "The Talk" co-hosts earned seven Daytime Emmy nominations, one for Outstanding Talk Show Host and six for Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host. They won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host in 2017, and the previous year, they earned a People's Choice Award for Favorite Daytime TV Hosting Team. In 1994, Sheryl received BET's Funniest Female Comedian on "Comic View" award, and she won the Platinum Mic Viewers Choice Award at the 2005 BET Comedy Awards. Underwood has also been honored with Johnson C. Smith University's Arch of Triumph Award and a UNCF Masked Award.
Sara Gilbert Net Worth
Wayne Brady Net Worth
Tamron Hall Net Worth
Adele Givens Net Worth
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Donnell Rawlings Net Worth
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Manatee-Sarasota
Business Observer Friday, Aug. 26, 2016 2 years ago
Not done yet
World War II veteran Chuck Palmeri has been a salesman, from shoes to condos to commercial real estate, for nearly 70 years. It's a long lifetime of lessons learned.
by: Mark Gordon Managing Editor
Individual. Charles "Chuck" Palmeri Industry. Commercial real estate Key. Active broker turned 90 in April.
The commercial property listing for the former Kalins Furniture store, on Tamiami Trail in Sarasota, checks the usual boxes for large retail spaces.
There's a 70,000-square-foot showroom and a 53,000-square-foot warehouse. It's two levels, with an elevator in the retail area and eight loading docks in the rear. It's listed for $8.75 million.
The most unusual part of the listing is the broker behind it: Charles "Chuck" Palmeri.
Palmeri is 90 years old, and although he says he's getting "too old for this," he's an active broker, working with the Erick Shumway team at Sarasota-based Re/Max Alliance. He posted $21.9 million in sales volume last year and closed $5.8 million in deals in the first quarter of 2016. Palmeri has four other active listings in the Sarasota area in addition to the Kalins location.
A decorated World War II veteran, with a unit that liberated a concentration camp, Palmeri is as determined as ever to sell the Kalins property. He's known the owner, Ed Kalin, for decades. "He's 94, and he wants to get out of the building," says Palmeri. "I'm going to work my ass off to sell it."
A licensed real estate broker since 1957, back in his native Buffalo, N.Y., Palmeri senses the end of his remarkable career is coming soon. "My wife says, 'You can't quit, you have too much going on,'" he says. "But I'm getting tired. When I sell all the rest of my listings, I'm done."
Re/Max Alliance President Peter Crowley marvels at his older colleague's stamina and dedication, in addition to Palmeri's non-work interests — which include poetry writing. "He's still going strong at 90 years old, out-producing a vast percentage of the brokers in this market," Crowley says. "That's pretty impressive."
Crowley recalls the time last year when Palmeri walked into his office and announced he was going to give up his active listings so he could retire. Crowley said OK, but told his assistant to put an asterisk on the retirement paperwork, and hold off on submitting it. "I didn't really think he was ready," Crowley says. "A week later he came back in and said he just got a $12 million listing, and he wanted to work on it."
Palmeri, who has three daughters, five grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren, recently sat down with the Business Observer to talk about his life, career and lessons learned in business. Here are excerpts of the conversation:
Greatest generation: Palmeri spent two years with the 42nd Rainbow Division during WWII in France, Germany and Austria. He received a Silver Star, Bronze Star and combat infantry badge for his service. His unit liberated the Dachau concentration camp near Munich, toward the end of the war. Although he was at another battle the day American troops arrived at the camp, Palmeri recalls the horrors he heard about. "The S.S. shot into train cars (mostly with dead bodies) as we were coming, because they knew the war was over and wanted to make sure they got everyone," Palmeri says.
No one left behind: The Silver Star stems from an attack on Bocholt, Germany, when a fellow American solider was wounded in the line of fire. Then 19, Palmeri, according to the official citation, "left cover, braved the intense enemy fire and carried the wounded man to safety." He later left the cover of a tank destroyer to grab a second wounded man from the battlefield.
Back home: Palmeri, with two younger sisters in Buffalo, got a job selling shoes at Thom McCann soon after the war. He made 90 cents an hour, plus 2 cents commission for each pair he sold. He held that job part time while he went to Canisius College in Buffalo.
He tried harder: Palmeri's first real job after college was doing something that, at the time, was a novel business concept: renting cars from an airport. He opened and managed the first airport car rental station in Buffalo for Avis, where he grew the inventory from 10 to more than 200 cars. The parking lot was gravel, and the airport, recalls Palmeri, wasn't always prepared for winter hazards. "If your car got stuck when it snowed, and it snowed a lot," says Palmeri, "then you were stuck."
Hang tight: Palmeri later worked for a large window and millwork company. In 1953 he led a team that created a new product for homebuilders, Ready Hung doors. Prior to that, he says, carpenters hung doors in homes piece-by-piece, a time-consuming process. Says Palmeri: "That was a real big factor for the building industry."
Rock it: In 1957, Palmeri took a job with Caldwell Development, a residential and commercial developer. He oversaw a 1,200-acre new home community on a Robert Trent Jones golf course, and he led development of a ski chalet with round lots. He also worked closely with prominent Buffalo-area developer William Caldwell, where Palmeri met other well-known people, such as New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller. "I learned about contracts, directing construction and how to buy property," he says about his time at Caldwell. "I also learned how to do a pro-forma and make a nice presentation. I learned about how important it is for builders to have cash flow. It was extremely helpful for everything else I've done, even today."
On the beach: Palmeri, having vacationed in the area, moved with his family to Sarasota in 1981. He sold condos on Siesta Key, and in 1982 he and some business partners bought and renovated a 12-unit beachfront motel on Casey key. They turned it into vacation condos, the Gulfside Beach Club, which Palmeri calls one of his most successful business decisions.
Motivating mentor: Another early career stop for Palmeri was with the Siesta Key office of Michael Saunders & Co. The Sarasota-based firm, now one of the largest brokerages in Florida, was less than a decade old when Palmeri worked there. He recalls weekly meetings/pep-talks from Michael Saunders that left everyone in the office "raring to go." Palmeri remains in contact with Saunders, and isn't surprised by her sustained success. "She doesn't put up with any nonsense from anyone," Palmeri says.
Job well done: Palmeri began to focus on commercial real estate in the 1990s. He liked the complex process behind connecting buyers with sellers, which he says was more dynamic than condos on the beach. Says Palmeri: "You learn something new every deal you make in commercial real estate." And he especially loves the times after a deal, when a client calls and says he has another listing or just to say thanks. "That makes you feel good," Palmeri says, "when you get happy people calling."
Charles "Chuck" Palmeri, a 90-year-old commercial real estate broker with Sarasota-based Re/Max Alliance, has five active property listings. The list includes:
The Former Kalins Furniture store on Tamiami Trail in Sarasota. Building has a 70,000-square-foot showroom and a 53,000-square-foot warehouse. It's two levels, with an elevator in the retail area and eight loading docks in the rear. Listed for $8.75 million.
The Myakka River Oyster Bar, a waterfront restaurant on two acres south of Venice. Seats at least 200 people, according to the listing, with wide water views of the Myakka River and boat dockage for dining guests. Listed for $2.49 million.
A 1,200-square-foot restaurant building on a corner lot on East Venice Avenue. Formerly a Vietnamese cafe, the kitchen has a working commercial gas range, hood, grill and coolers, according to the listing. Seats 24 people. Listed for $375,000.
Q&A | RICK HARCROW


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It's 'uninformed' to compare the stock market today to Black Monday in 1987
Akin Oyedele
Oct 20, 2016, 1:07 AM
CitiCiti's chart.
Last week, Citi technical analysts put two charts next two other and emerged with an overlay that gave them "the chills."
The chart showed the S&P 500 this year meshed with the index in 1987, leading up to the "Black Monday" crash that year. On October 19, 1987 — 29 years to this day — the Dow plunged 508 points, or 22.6%.
Tom Fitzpatrick and his team said the visual similarity and a number of risks like the US presidential elections had them worried about the market.
However, that is blindly comparing price action from one year to the next, according to Ryan Detrick, senior market strategist at LPL Financial.
"We thought about it in-house and the word we landed on is 'uninformed,'" he told Business Insider.
Besides, there are a few key differences between now and 1987.
The S&P 500 is less than 3% from all-time highs. Detrick noted that it rarely suffers a huge fall when it's that close to a new record. By his calculations, the index has only dropped by more than 3% eight times when it was less than 3% from a new high.
Also, the market hasn't had the kind of extremely sharp rise in 2016 that it did in the first two-thirds of 1987, suggesting that stocks haven't hit an unsustainable high.
"Going back to '87, there are still arguments over exactly what 'caused' the crash," Detrick wrote. "The bottom line is '87 saw a near vertical start to the year and was up close to 40% for the year at the start of September."
"In other words, stocks were extremely stretched — making a large pullback much more likely."
The S&P 500 has gained just 5% this year.
But there are concerns about the stock market's current valuation, judging by metrics like the price-to-earnings ratio. In fact, the median P/E ratio of S&P 500 stocks, which is well above its historical norm, had Bank of America Merrill Lynch strategists drawing comparisons to the tech bubble.
According to Detrick, the low level of interest rates and inflation somewhat justifies why valuations are high.
Fitzpatrick cited the upcoming US election as a risk to the market. Detrick said that while political risks are very real, the stock market rarely sees a huge pullback in the October before voting takes place.
And if we're to go back to the chart that started it all, Detrick published this one below, which shows the S&P 500 not by the index's level, but on a percentage basis by year-to-date returns. There's hardly a striking similarity here.
NOW WATCH: FEMA is tracking Hurricane Matthew using the 'Waffle House Index'
black monday clusterstock moneygame-us stock market


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Catching a Flight
County government hustles to attract American Airlines with $1 million guarantee
by Ryan Burns
photo by Bob Doran
Vintage advertising art for American Airlines at the Silver Lining Restaurant.
The Humboldt County government is rushing to catch a plane. Or a jet, actually -- an Embraer 140 regional jet equipped with a pair of Rolls-Royce turbofan engines so powerful they can propel up to 44 passengers (in leather seats) from the Arcata-Eureka Airport to LAX in just 90 minutes. American Eagle, a wholly owned subsidiary of American Airlines, would like to provide this service to and from Los Angeles twice a day, starting as early as June, as long as the county can do two things: put up at least $1 million to guarantee the airline's revenues for the first two years, and do it fast.
What's the rush? Brett Hooyerink, a market development manager for American Airlines, explained that after some schedule shuffling in Los Angeles, one of American's five hubs nationwide, the company has a jet available. Executives want that jet plugged into the airline's summer schedule, and to accomplish that they need to select a route by this week.
This has placed county officials in the difficult position of needing to move both cautiously and quickly. One the one hand, the region is in desperate need of expanded airline service. Delta Air Lines, which provided flights to and from Salt Lake City, Utah, for less than two years, abandoned the region in 2010 after collecting $500,000 in prepaid tickets, another $500,000 in revenue guarantees and $62,000 in deferred landing fees. Last April, Horizon Airlines discontinued its service to and from L.A., leaving Humboldt County with a single commercial airline, United.
Adding to the urgency: A major construction project will close one of San Francisco International Airport's two main runways from June of this year until 2015, promising countless flight delays and cancellations.
But on the other hand, county officials don't want to get burned again, like they did with Delta. Over the last two weeks, county staff and the Board of Supervisors have been working furiously, negotiating with airline representatives and meeting with local agencies to see if the deal can come together.
Last week, the board of directors for the Headwaters Fund, the county's unique pot of economic development money, agreed to finance a loan for the $1 million revenue guarantee. That's down from the airline's original request for a $2 million guarantee. The contract that's currently on the table includes a monthly revenue target for American Eagle's service to and from L.A. If the airline fails to hit that target -- which so far is publicly undisclosed -- during any given month, it will make up the difference by withdrawing money from the $1 million in revenue guarantees. At last week's Board of Supervisors meeting, 3rd District Supervisor Mark Lovelace asked if the county would get to share in the profits if the airline ever exceeds its target revenue. The answer was no. Furthermore, American Eagle wouldn't have to pay landing fees, terminal rental fees or a variety of other standard expenses thanks to a fee waiver program that the county offers to attract new airline service.
Hooyerink, the American Airlines rep, told the Journal that such guarantees and fee waivers are industry standard. "It's a way for us to ensure we don't sustain the heavy losses that are typical in the first two years or so of getting a new service up and running," he said.
From the county's perspective, these concessions may be a risk worth taking (again), given the potential economic benefits of the new service. Many local business owners say their economic growth depends on reliable transportation in and out of the area.
"Look, we just need it," said Briar Bush, general manager of Lost Coast Brewery. Humboldt County Film Commissioner Cassandra Hesseltine said the county pulled in $1 million last fiscal year from TV commercial productions, print ad shoots and independent movie projects. She predicted that direct flights to L.A. would vastly expand those revenues. HSU President Rollin Richmond said airline service is vastly important to the nearly 90 percent of Humboldt State University students who come here from outside the area.
There are a number of reasons to believe things will work out better this time around.
Gregg Foster has worked as hard as anyone to attract another airline to the region. Chair of the county's airport advisory committee and former executive director of the Redwood Region Economic Development Commission, Foster pointed out that Delta's service started amid record high fuel prices and just months before the worst recession in more than 60 years. Plus, Delta arrived as the third airline at Arcata-Eureka Airport, while American would be effectively replacing Horizon Airline's L.A. flights. Horizon was trying to fill 148 seats per day while American would only need to fill 88. "We have data we can rely on from 2005 that shows that if [American Eagle] can just capture what was the existing traffic, they will fill their two planes per day."
Last week, the Board of Supervisors unanimously directed staff to develop a funding package to finance the $1 million revenue guarantee with the following stipulations: It can't obligate any money from the county's strapped general fund, and it can't violate Federal Aviation Administration restrictions on how airport division funds are spent.
Public Works Director Tom Mattson said that in order to do that, the funding package will have to be handled through a separate agency. On Monday Mattson and other county officials met with the executive committee of the Redwood Region Economic Development Commission, the agency that handled Delta's revenue guarantee, and the committee expressed preliminary support. (The decision is ultimately up to the commission's board of directors.)
Complicated, right? While county government and local economic development agencies have all expressed enthusiasm for the American Airlines deal, the big questions remained unanswered as the Journal went to press Tuesday afternoon. Foremost among these is: Who will ultimately pay for the $1 million revenue guarantee? "That is up to negotiation," Mattson said earlier in the day. It could wind up being county funds (though not from the aviation division), or it could come through a grant, or the private sector might be able to pony up much of the money, he said. "That all has to be negotiated still."
The county has been working since Delta left to increase regional airline service. Sounding beleaguered but optimistic, Mattson said one thing's certain: "This is the closest we've been in a long time."


Beaverton, Oregon: Sunshine Pantry, a community resource for the needy for over thirty years, will be opening its new location at the Beaverton Christian Church, 13600 SW Allen Blvd, on Monday, April 29. Andrew Hansen, Director of Operations for Beaverton Christian Church, describes the addition of Sunshine Pantry to its campus as "… a new opportunity in serving our neighbors".
The Sunshine Pantry, which began in 1982 as a Cub Scout needy family project for founder Sharon Straus' oldest son, has grown into an essential provider for food security in the Metro area. Currently providing food, sundries and other essentials to over 50 families a day, it assures assistance to anyone without question. The Pantry is open Monday through Friday from 11am to 2pm and by appointment for special needs.
The move will not be a simple process, and volunteers are urgently needed to help relocate tons of canned and fresh food, equipment and storage fixtures. The biggest challenge will be dismantling and rebuilding the walk-in cooler and freezer. To volunteer or donate to support the cost of the move, please contact Sharon Straus by phone at 971-506-7827 or by email at sunshinepantrydir@gmail.com. Monetary donations can also be made at gofundme.com or paypal.


1910 butter consumption = 18 pounds per capita – mortality from heart disease was below 10 percent.
1924 American Heart Association (AHA) – founded.
1950 Discovered several fat-like substances circulating in the blood, including LDL and VLDL.
Reported that total cholesterol (TC) was a "dangerously poor predictor" of heart disease.
1951 Ancel Keys, professor, University of Minnesota, attends a conference in Rome on nutrition and disease and learns that heart disease was rare in some Mediterranean populations who consumed a lower fat diet. He noted, too, that the Japanese had low fat diets and low rates of heart disease. He hypothesized from these observations that fat was the cause of heart disease.
1953 Ancel Keys, convinced that dietary fat is the cause of heart disease, published his Six Country Analysis, suggesting an association between dietary fat and mortality from heart disease. Critics pointed out that Keys had data for 22 countries, but selected data from just 6.
(As an example, Keys excluded France, a country with a high fat diet and low rates of heart disease.) Keys selected data – he cheated!
1956 American Heart Association (conducts a nationwide fundraiser on all three TV networks urging Americans to reduce their intake of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
1961 Framingham Heart Study (data from five years). Men under 50 with elevated cholesterol were at greater risk of heart disease. However, this group of vulnerable middle-aged men were also more likely to smoke, be overweight, and not exercise – the famous Framingham "risk factors" and elevated cholesterol was at the top of the list.
1976 FDA gives GRAS status (generally regarded as safe) to hydrogenated soybean oil – even though lipid biochemist Mary Enig, PhD, warned the government that – among their many dangers – trans fats interfere with insulin receptors on cell membranes and thereby increase the risk of diabetes.
1977 "All hell broke loose!" in Washington DC after the proposed guidelines were released. Major players - like the American Medical Association – and scientists in federal government agencies were aghast at what McGovern and his staff of non-scientists had come up with. At this juncture, McGovern was forced to schedule six additional hearings.
1978 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) enters the sweetener market.
1980 U.S. Department of Agriculture released the official first ever low fat Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
1986 For the first time blood cholesterol over 200 mg/dl is treated as a disease.
1987 Mevacor, the first cholesterol-lowering statin drug, was approved in record time.
1988 After 20 years researching carbohydrate metabolism, Gerald Reavan, MD, University of California, announces his discovery of "Syndrome X," now referred to as Metabolic Syndrome or diabetes-related heart disease. Syndrome X is a cluster of abnormalities, including high blood sugar, high insulin levels, elevated triglycerides, and depressed protective HDL.
1990 In the year 2000, the CDC reported that the lifetime risk of diabetes is now 1 in 3.
2000 Nutritious lard consumption: Less than 1 pound per capita.
2000 Butter consumption in the US goes below 4 pounds per capita.
2000 Well over $1 billion has been spent on trials focusing on lowering LDL cholesterol.
"A mere 2 % increase in calories from trans fats can raise the risk of coronary heart disease by as much as 29 %. Substituting a healthy fat like extra-virgin olive oil or canola oil for those containing trans fats could prevent 30,000 to 100,000 premature deaths a year, the American Medical Association concluded in 2013."
"Denmark was the first to act, banning trans fats from food products and virtually eliminating them from that country's food supply in 2004. Within three years, the ban had saved an average of 14.2 lives per 100,000 people a year, according to a study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine."


Sometimes a patient's inability to concentrate, reason, solve problems or recall information is linked to an undiagnosed illness or substances that have altered these abilities. Neuropsychological assessments give therapists and medical professionals a powerful pathway to the inner workings of the brain. By assessing patients with a series of tests that measure their psychological functioning, St. Luke's team can determine the best course of treatment for each patient.