Why integrate over a hemisphere (and not a sphere) to solve the rendering equation?
Where $\Omega$ is defined to be a hemisphere (and all those functions depend on more variables, omitted here for simplicity's sake).
Now suppose the surface being rendered is some kind of glass, or some transparent plastic. Why would it make sense to only integrate over a hemisphere? I would imagine that there can be incoming light from any direction, and thus the integration domain should be the entire sphere. How is the light coming from behind the glass accounted for?
The form of the rendering equation that uses only the BRDF ($f$ in your example, often called $f_r$) and integrates over one hemisphere does not account for transmission.
When adding in transmission, it's fairly common to add a second integral over the opposite hemisphere, using a different BTDF function (bidirectional transmission distribution function). This is equivalent to an integral over the full sphere of directions with a BSDF function, but since that function would usually have to be defined as a piecewise function, writing it as two integrals can be more straightforward.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged transparency theory or ask your own question.
Why is this not a proper solution to handling transparency in deferred rendering?


text:
Queen Alexandra Hospital Pride of Portsmouth awards: QA medic who 'saved boy's life' is praised
Boy, 11, dies and driver suffers 'potentially life-changing' injures in serious Boxing Day crash on M3 in Hampshire
Man attacked in Waterlooville skatepark suffers cut finger - with people warned to be 'vigilant'
A MAN suffered a cut finger and bruises after being attacked by group of boys.
By Steve Deeks
Tuesday, 16th June 2020, 5:07 pm
Updated Wednesday, 17th June 2020, 4:42 pm
A group of young men approached the 22-year-old and his friends before lashing out at them in Berewood skatepark, Waterlooville, at 4.25pm yesterday.
The victim was hit with a stick and suffered cuts to his fingers.
Reports on social media claimed a knife was involved, but police said this was not mentioned to officers attending the incident.
Police attended
Pictures on Facebook show the man with bruises to his body.
A Hampshire police spokeswoman said: 'We received a report from a resident about a group of males fighting in the skate park at around 4.25pm yesterday.
'There was no mention of any knives being used or seen.
Nitrous oxide use in Portsmouth sees council and police step up work against lau...
'Officers attended a short time later and spoke to a 22-year-old man who reported that he and his friends were approached by a group.
'He reported being hit by one of them with a stick and pushed. He suffered a cut to his finger.
'He did not want to make a report. Local officers will be continuing patrols in the area.
'There was no mention of any knives by the aggrieved.'
Posting on Facebook, a woman claiming to be the victim's sister said: 'Please be vigilant/extra cautious if you or anyone you know goes to this skate park.
'My brother was assaulted here earlier today unprovoked.
'Two young people verbally assaulted him then hit him multiple times.'
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Is it illegal to watch TV without a TV licence? What are the punishments and fines? Is it legal to watch BBC iPlayer without paying licence fee? Can you watch Netflix without TV licence

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MORE than 100 years of sporting history in the heart of Dartmouth Park is set to end forever after a Whitehall planning inspector ruled a luxury housing development can be built on the site of a bowling club.
The directors of the Mansfield Bowling Club have been battling to build 21 homes on its site in Croftdown Road for nearly a decade. Blocked by the Town Hall, they discovered this week that a planning appeal has been successful.
The bowling club is on open land donated to the area by philanthropist Angela Burdett Coutts and has been used for bowling and tennis for more than a century. Its directors, however, said they had closed the club due to falling membership and instead applied to build housing.
The decision could cost Camden Council – who rejected the application – more than £1million, as the planning inspector, Kevin Gleeson, approving the development made the Town Hall liable for costs and struck out a request for developers to provide £600,000 worth of sports facilities as part of planning negotiations.
Council lawyers have now been asked to consider whether there are grounds to take the decision to a judicial review on the basis that the land should be used for sport.
In a further twist, the club directors say profits from the development will be shared out among their members, and not passed on to Bowls England, the national association for the sport.
The bowling club directors now say work will push ahead, and said there would still be a level of sport as the Kenlyn Tennis Club, also on the site, would get an extra court added for their use, rising from two to three. Chairman Andy Docker told the New Journal he believed it was a "win-win" situation, adding that 53 per cent of the scheme was social housing and previously private land would be opened to the public.
He also confirmed that the club changed their articles of association at an emergency general meeting, meaning profits will be shared out equally among bowling club members and would not go to Bowls England.
Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2017-02-03 16:36.
This is sadly what happens when local residents fight every development that appears on the horizon, and councillors don't have the guts to stand up to them. I live nearby (I am not a MBC member or director) but would never get involved publicly because the campaigners seem to be more interested in the campaign than the outcome, and anyone on the fence or in favour gets vilified in quite nasty ways. There were lots of pie in the sky ideas that Camden Council with it's massive budget cuts would buy the site and create a community oasis despite the Highgate Newton project taking obvious priority, or us local residents would raise the money from a cake sale or some such.
We have to live in the real world and accept that land is worth a certain amount and compromise with developers to find a way forward - if local people had actually accepted this as a business transaction then there could have been an agreed solution. Attacking people for making profits from "luxury housing" when we all live in very nice valuable houses is ludicrous (mine is worth well north of £1 million so I suspect my neighbours are in the same lucky position!!).
As for the DPCAAC and the Mansfield Neighbours Group, it seems to be run by people whose egos are more important than reality and they won't hesitate to attack people who disagree with them. We have lived next to a very ugly building for decades and it is now close to being derelict, but winning a purist moral argument seems to be more important to these "community leaders" than achieving something positive. Now Camden Council will lose £600,000 in sports facility money and £1million in legal costs and the development proceeds anyway.
But at least the local egomaniacs can be pleased that their campaign got them lots of publicity and made them look like champions of the common people (despite the £1million+ houses we are lucky enough to own!!).
Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2017-02-03 06:00.
This has been rumbling for years, glad we won't have to read about the whole sorry saga anymore!!


text:
Break & Fall soars to first place
14 June 2013 | Story by Newsroom
Emerging talents: Gerrit Matthee and Emma de Goede won an international song competition hosted by some of the biggest names in the music industry.
"Musically dynamic and refined."
This is how audio production giant Avid described the sound of Break & Fall, a song written and performed by two UCT music students and which won a prestigious international competition,- beating out close to 5 000 other pop hopefuls from across the world.
Emma de Goede (first-year BMus in jazz performance) and Gerrit Matthee (third-year BMus in Composition), who entered as their pop rock alter ego Emerger, were praised by industry professionals and competition judges after winning the Get Discovered song contest.
With lyrics written by De Goede and music composed by Matthee - Break & Fall - was adjudged top of thousands of entries, representing the hopes and dreams of musicians, producers and songwriters from around the world.
The competition, was hosted by Avid, the largest manufacturer of audio software and hardware, in partnership with the famous Abbey Road Studios.
The track (each entrant was allowed one song) fuses classical influences with catchy melodies and was produced by Neil Basson, an alumnus of UCT's School of Architecture, Planning and Geomatics, who produces music professionally for Contour Productions. The duo also benefitted from final mixing and additional production by David Langemann, who engineered Freshlyground's latest album, Take Me to the Dance, to great critical acclaim.
"Recording the song was a great experience," says Matthee. "The recording, production and mixing of a song can make the difference between sounding like amateurs or professionals."
John Feldman, the producer of Good Charlotte and Goldfinger fame, and one of three world-renowned judges, said: "[Emerger] have a great cinematic landscape to their music. They have a good image and provide a good example of what modern music can be. The producer did a great job on the track. The singer [De Goede] has a great voice and seems like she would be a good front woman."
De Goede and Matthee won a top-of-the-range Pro Tools HD Native recording system from Avid and will have their song mixed and mastered by Abbey Road's Online Mixing and Mastering Services. The duo is primarily focused on their studies, but will continue to write and record more material in their free time, working towards an official release.
Matthee says that he and De Goede saw the competition as the ideal opportunity to be heard by industry professionals.
"As one of the judges, Greg Wells, commented: 'The hardest thing for an aspiring musician is to get their songs heard by the right people, and this competition is the perfect way for artists to get their music out there'.
"Seeing that the three judges are very well known producers and A&R (artists and repertoire) guys for major labels, we knew that if they liked our song it would not only mean a lot for our confidence as musicians, but also possibly create great opportunities in the future."
Co-writing Break & Fall with De Goede was a lot of fun reported Matthee, praising the synergy between the two artists' styles.
"We understand each other's way of thinking musically and we share an almost exact taste in music."
A version of the track is available here.
(Yusuf Omar)
<!-- University of Cape Town News embed article --> <script src="https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/embed/js/-2013-06-14-break-amp-fall-soars-to-first-place"></script>
<!-- University of Cape Town News embed article --> <script src="https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/embed/js/-2013-06-14-break-amp-fall-soars-to-first-place?notitle"></script>
<!-- University of Cape Town News embed article --> <script src="https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/embed/js/-2013-06-14-break-amp-fall-soars-to-first-place?notitle&noimage"></script>


We're pleased to feature this guest blog by our partner, Campaign Stars. In this article, they discuss the importance of ensuring sales teams effectively articulate the right messaging and ABM strategy throughout the sales cycle. For more on this topic, and some great examples in action, register here for their upcoming webinar "Eliminate mediocre sales call -boost Sales & ABM results with better customer conversations".
Last month, we discussed "Data and the Future-Proof Marketing Machine," and how finding the right buyer reliably and repeatedly can feel like a full-time job. We laid out how to get your prospecting data in fighting shape, and shared several key tips and strategies on how to identify the right buyers for your business.
So that leaves one big question: Now that you know who to talk to, how will you engage them?
This is where the importance of well-defined, well-articulated messaging becomes clear.
Your first step is to define your buyer personas. Well-research personas give you a better understanding of buyers' responsibilities, needs, challenges, goals, and KPIs–so that you can engage with them more effectively with fine-tuned messaging.
Understanding personas and taking the time to flesh them out based on your market knowledge and experience will help your team create content and messaging that resonates with buyers, helping ensure, for example, all public-facing content uses your buyer's language: that is, communicating about challenges that your buyers face in their jobs every day. This makes the content not only easier to understand, but also enables buyers to see value in your offerings more easily.
Now that you've identified your buyers, and you've placed yourself into their world by fleshing out personas, how do you make sure your sales teams effectively convey the messaging every time, and to every customer?
The problem is that salespeople often talk about product features while neglecting the personas who are going to use them; it's a common trap that is prevalent among junior or unsuccessful reps. Fortunately, sales enablement platforms like Allego make it easy to coach your sales teams on the needed skills, knowledge, and messaging.
These platforms enable you to train and enable your sales force more effectively, while providing sufficient "gamification" to stir their competitive instincts and reward them for success. Features like video coaching and practices, micro-learning Flash Drills that offer "pop quiz" –style reviews, and just-in-time playbooks separated by persona all help you ensure your messaging is being shared and used.
Especially useful, too, are the options for sharing newly learned best practices from the field and comparing each team member's pitch. It's important to step back frequently and ask, "How did my reps perform, and what are the best ones saying?" Perhaps they're sharing your company story in a clever way, or in some better way you hadn't considered. This is because messaging, like the market in which you compete, changes all the time, and you need to learn from your best reps continually to stay ahead of the competition.
You must constantly evaluate, refresh, and update your messaging. At Campaign Stars, we recommend performing this exercise every three to six months. Tools like Allego help build in this critical feedback loop into your messaging, so you can not only standardize, but also continually optimize how you engage your customers.
You've identified who your buyers are. It's time to engage them with consistent, effective messaging.
To do that, you must equip the people who articulate that messaging – your sales teams – for ongoing success with the right tools, guides, and solutions.
And to do that, you need to constantly refresh, update, and reevaluate your messaging each quarter to ensure that all newly learned best practices have been taken into consideration. Your messaging always needs to reflect the latest realities of the market.
Then it's time to start thinking about content and campaigns.


A motise and tenon joint is joinery needed to hold two boards together for many different reasons, Come learn the secrets of this joint. Doors, table construction, plus many different options.
With a family business of over 100 years of traditional furniture construction in the Shenandoah Valley we have many methods to hone your carving techniques.
From bedposts to inlays we have many techniques to share to help you with your upcoming project.
Let us help you with layout and construction design with your next project.
What to use where, or maybe what to use wear. We can help you with wood movement to make sure to next piece you build for your grandchild will be around for their grandchild.


text:
0.0000 (-0.0000%)
Kyle Kashuv, Parkland shooting survivor, says Harvard admission was rescinded over past racist remarks
Eric Althoff
Yahoo Lifestyle June 17, 2019
Kyle Kashuv, a Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School student, speaks during the NRA-ILA Leadership Forum at the 148th NRA Annual Meetings & Exhibits on April 26, 2019 in Indianapolis, Indiana. His acceptance to Harvard was recently rescinded, allegedly because of inappropriate comments he made. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)
Kyle Kashuv, a student who survived the Feb. 14, 2018, mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., was all set to attend Harvard this fall. However, the Ivy League school revoked his acceptance to the class of 2023.
Taking to Twitter , the 18-year-old explained in 13 tweets that the reason for the abrupt about-face on the university's part was due to racist and anti-Semitic statements he made years earlier on a chatting app to friends. Kashuv alleges that "former peers & political opponents" contacted the Harvard admissions department, urging administrators to reconsider Kashuv as a future Harvard student, after the comments were recently publicized.
After being contacted by Harvard for clarification on the statements, which Kashuv made at 16, he wrote an apology letter, admitting what he said was wrong and in bad taste.
He also drafted a note to Harvard's Office of Diversity and Inclusion, seeking guidance on how to be more openminded toward people of color, at the university specifically and in the community generally.
This was followed by a response from the diversity office, thanking Kashuv for his " thoughtful reflections " and saying they would be willing to work with him when he arrived on campus in the fall.
However, according to a letter signed by William R. Fitzsimmons, Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid, which was posted on Twitter by Kashuv, the admissions department voted to rescind his admission.
7/ Harvard decided to rescind my admission with the following letter. pic.twitter.com/P3bLkF3hHn
— Kyle Kashuv (@KyleKashuv) June 17, 2019
Kashuv said that he is being judged unfairly considering that " Harvard's faculty has included slave owners, segregationists, bigots and antisemites " over its centuries of operation. "If Harvard is suggesting that growth isn't possible and that our past defines our future, then Harvard is an inherently racist institution. But I don't believe that," he said.
Kashuv's pro-gun stances also earned him attention in 2018, when, not long after the Parkland mass shooting that killed 17, he livestreamed a conversation with conservative commentators who were strong backers of the Second Amendment.
The cover page of Kashuv's Twitter account shows him seated in the Oval Office, seated across the desk from President Trump and next to first lady Melania Trump. During that trip to Washington, less than two months after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas — and during the height of the March for Our Lives movement — Kashuv also met with Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, who assured the student that despite the concerns and lobbying of his high school classmates for gun control, the Second Amendment "won't be touched."
Kashuv has more than 300,000 followers on Twitter, and on Friday he tweeted Trump well wishes for the president's 73rd birthday.
Read more from Yahoo Lifestyle:
Alyssa Milano gets called out for saying Joe Biden's stance on Hyde Amendment is why she hasn't endorsed him
President Trump says America has 'a new Jackie O': 'It's called Melania T'
Elizabeth Warren says ban on federal funding for abortion has been 'wrong for a long time': 'It's just discrimination'
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Ebola has been raging in DRC for 12 months: why is it proving so hard to control?


text:
CV: 6ZyYdN3xnk6QPqnb.16
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Choking the sky, and in return choking me.
Killing every son and daugher.
at the zoo, in the middle of a war.
in the Stars and Stripes?
never tell him who wins, if he lives.
like that tiger in the Saigon zoo, 1968.
Head of west hollywood police dept. 1970.
He tells me, Job is personal, this message is to you.
' like eatin' fish, chew them bones real good fo' ye swallow.
No mouth or tongue or breath, spirit, wind whatsoever.
the word that came to be named word.
the way that came to be named Tau.
begins. Big time. Long history.
a mortal mind in time to get this. Roght?
one gnose or knot and why or how. That's the aim.
What's missing? Heart strings untied?
what you see is what you got to work with, that's all.
An other story bubbling up from the Fairfax district or the tar pits. I'm near the source.
That dastardly devilish deviant wind!
When I have no space?
And then int he tunnel I choke!
I'd cry but it's dry.
There's no way that I can cope.
All I can do now is mope!
And live in the name of the wind.
Slander me, expose me; tell them who I really am.
No one can handle me, or control me; I know who I really am.
To keep our bond from being severed.
While you were sleeping in the fog.
You sat pretty and watched me choke.
You didn't take the ropes, you just let the wind blow.
Held on so tight for so long; my hands are bleeding.
The saltwater stings but it's also healing.
Even though it slowly kills me at the same time.
Slowly but surely; my favourite way to die.
I savour the taste of every single tear that I cry.
Can't you see these reactions, or hear the words that I've said?
Due to your actions and the words I've been fed.
I loved you so much, I would die for you.
You loved it so much, you'd let me die for you too.
And when it's love, it's both hearts that break.


While speculation often reigns supreme when it comes to sour relationships in football, occasionally the truth seeps through.
This usually occurs in moments of obvious dissent during match-days, and regardless of whether the foul dynamic in question is one that is shared between a player and a manager or players themselves, sparks always fly.
The most high-profile clash of egos that has been seen of recent is the reported fallout between Jose Mourinho and Paul Pogba at Manchester United.
With the Portuguese gaffer allegedly stripping the Frenchman of his vice-captaincy, it is becoming very hard to dismiss the rumors. Now, there may be visual proof of this bad rapport, as a recent training footage shows an interaction between the two.
The icy interaction, prior to which Pogba seemed in a positive mood, clearly had a momentous exchange of words. Throughout the apparent spar, Pogba appeared to be defending himself, akin to his encounters with referees during his on-field antics.
However, it is important to note that without the context of the actual words that were exchanged, interpreting the encounter as a major fallout between the duo is also slightly wishful thinking.
Further still, the speculation that surrounds the duo adds to the apparent drama, and one can be forgiven for reading into the situation too much.
Then again, the body language of the Frenchman is highly suggestive, as is the cold posture of Mourinho. While the gaffer is renowned for his hard love, this is one saga where the kind of words they exchange can have large implications.
An exit from the Carabao Cup after a defeat to Derby County, while not a huge loss, still doesn't look good on Mourinho's result sheet for this season. At the same time, neither does Pogba's attitude. Is Old Trafford not big enough for both of them?


text:
China, Hong Kong
Floating Village In A City
Posted by Maria Dass The World - Travel, Food, History & Heritage on May 29, 2017 May 29, 2017
I was initially skeptical about the sampan ride that was included in my Big Bus tour of Hong Kong and was planning to give it a miss due to time constraints.
Also, what could be so different from sampan rides I've taken back home in Malaysia or in lakes and rivers in Cambodia and Vietnam?
As I would later discover – a lot actually!
In most other places in the region, a sampan ride would most likely be in a rural setting, with peat swamps, farms, villages and green hills as a setting.
Not the Aberdeen floating village on Hong Kong island – which has towering skyscrapers for a backdrop.
The Aberdeen floating village is surrounded by skyscrapers
Also, when I heard the historical significance of the Aberdeen floating village of Hong Kong island over the audio guide – I just had to see it.
As a history buff, I've read about the floating villages in port cities like Hong Kong and Canton in the days of old.
The people on these boats played an important role in these ports, and to the merchants who sailed in from faraway lands.
The merchants and their ship crew would have spent months at sea and when they reach their port of call.
It will be several weeks or months before they set sail again after repairs and replenishment to their vessels, and rest, rejuvenation and replacement of crew.
The operators of boats in the floating villages were often engaged to transport goods and wares to bigger vessels in the harbor and vice-versa.
Some sold goods, wares and food to the crew of merchant ships anchored at the port, some served as floating restaurants, and some even as 'pleasure boats'.
Fishing boats anchored in Aberdeen harbour
A vessel probably used by fishermen
Fishing vessels anchored in Aberdeen harbour
Fishing vessels, floating homes, luxury yachts anchored in Aberdeen harbour
A floating house in Aberdeen Harbour
The people living here are mainly descendants of the Tanka people who arrived between the 7th and 9th century , also known as sea gypsies, whose main source of income is from fishing.
Aberdeen became a major fishing port in Hong Kong in the 19th century.
Of course, the scene today was unlike the pictures created in my head from the books I had read.
Some of the boats in the Aberdeen harbour- which also doubles up as a typhoon shelter, are a lot more luxurious and modern.
Luxury boats anchored in Aberdeen harbour
A fishing vessel and luxury boat anchored at Aberdeen harbour
The dilapidated and shabby ones look more like temporary operation spots for fishermen.
The tall skyscrapers around the harbour provide a unique backdrop for the floating village.
Aberdeen harbour is also a typhoon shelter
I'd say many of the former residents here would have moved on to homes with running water and better sanitation over time.
Many of what were probably old house-boats or sampans are now ornately decorated, and are used to ferry tourist on short trips around the harbour.
Gaudy decorations on tourist sampans
Sampans transport tourist around Aberdeen floating village
Gaudy but unique deco on tourist sampans
As our sampan maneuvered around the houseboats and fishing boats, remnants of what this floating village would have looked like at one time are occasionally visible.
The kitchen of a family home, laundry hanging out to dry, a lone dog protecting the home or goods stored on a boat, and people in boats just floating around having conversations with their friends – just like any other neighborhood, except they are on water.
There are also floating restaurants serving up seafood – as fresh off the boat as it can get.
The kitchen of a restaurant in the floating village
Jumbo restaurant in Aberdeen floating village
Unique backdrop of skyscrapers for this floating village
I have no regrets stopping by this floating village to savour a scene that has survived time and tide, and the rapid progress and development in this region over several centuries.
AberdeenFloatingVillageBigBusChinaFloatingVillageHongKongHongKongIslandmariadasstheworldTraveltravelertravellerTravelWriter
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RyanC says:
I absolutely love Floating Villages – theres a ton in China and Singapore, and I love taking photos there!
Such great insight into local culture!
Maria Dass The World says:
Yup. I love it too. The ones on Tonle Sap lake in Cambodia and Kukup in Johor that I wrote about earlier have rural settings. This one is quite unique- in the middle of skyscrapers.
I was in Cambodia in January – and loved the Tonle Sap!!
Choi says:
Living on a boat..i can't imagine how life would be like…but I guess you will never run out of seafood there..
Haha! That's true. Amazing isn't it. The floating village on Tonle Sap lake in Cambodia actually had a school and church for villagers. Got to dig up those pictures for a posting soon 😄
please do! haha can't wait to see it.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using QuantSA.Core.Products.SAMarket;
using QuantSA.Shared;
using QuantSA.Shared.Dates;

namespace QuantSA.CoreExtensions.SAMarket
{
    public static class JSEBondForwardEx
    {
        // Get coupon dates for books close dates that lie between settlement date and forward date
        private static List<Date> GetCouponDates(this BesaJseBond bond, Date settleDate, Date forwardDate)
        {
            var BooksCloseDates = new List<Date> ();
            var CouponDates = new List<Date>();

            var yr = settleDate.Year;
            while (yr >= settleDate.Year && yr < forwardDate.Year + 1)
            {
                var BCD1 = (new Date(yr, bond.couponMonth1, bond.couponDay1).AddDays(-bond.booksCloseDateDays));
                var BCD2 = (new Date(yr, bond.couponMonth2, bond.couponDay2).AddDays(-bond.booksCloseDateDays));

                if (BCD1 > settleDate && BCD1 < forwardDate)
                {
                    CouponDates.Add(new Date(yr, bond.couponMonth1, bond.couponDay1));
                    BooksCloseDates.Add(BCD1);
                }

                if (BCD2 > settleDate && BCD2 < forwardDate)
                {
                    CouponDates.Add(new Date(yr, bond.couponMonth2, bond.couponDay2));
                    BooksCloseDates.Add(BCD2);
                }

                yr += 1;
            }

            return CouponDates;

        }

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bondforward"></param>
        /// <param name="settleDate"></param>
        /// <param name="ytm"></param>
        /// <param name="repo"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static ResultStore ForwardPrice(this JSEBondForward bondforward, Date settleDate, double ytm, double repo)
        {
            var N = 100.0;
            var couponamount = N * bondforward.underlyingBond.annualCouponRate / 2;
            var forwardDate = bondforward.forwardDate;

            if (settleDate > forwardDate)
                throw new ArgumentException("settlement date must be before forward date.");

            // get all-in price of underlying bond
            var results = bondforward.underlyingBond.GetSpotMeasures(settleDate, ytm);
            var AIP = (double)results.GetScalar(BesaJseBondEx.Keys.RoundedAip);

            // calculate Unadjusted Forward Price
            var dt = (double)(forwardDate - settleDate) / 365;
            var ForwardPrice = AIP * (1 + repo * dt);

            // get coupon dates between settlement and forward date and calculate equivalent value function
            var CouponDates = GetCouponDates(bondforward.underlyingBond, settleDate, forwardDate);

            // adjust forward price for any coupons the counterparty might receive
            var EV = new List<double>();

            double AdjustedForwardPrice = 0;
            if (CouponDates.Any())
            {
                foreach (var date in CouponDates)
                {
                    if (date <= forwardDate)
                    {
                        EV.Add(1 + repo * (forwardDate - date) / 365);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        EV.Add(Math.Pow(1 + repo * (date - forwardDate) / 365, -1));
                    }
                }

                AdjustedForwardPrice = ForwardPrice - couponamount * EV.Sum();
            }
            else
            {
                AdjustedForwardPrice = ForwardPrice;
            }

            var resultStore = new ResultStore();
            resultStore.Add(Keys.ForwardPrice, AdjustedForwardPrice);
            return resultStore;
        }

        public static class Keys
        {
            public const string ForwardPrice = "AdjustedForwardPrice";
        }
    }
}


Never is a long time. The dictionary definition is, "at no time in the past or future; on no occasion; not ever." In the volatile oil and gas industry, those who try to look that far into the future and predict anything with certainty are invariably wrong. Here's hoping.
But it's not all bad, oil prices are gradually rising because of market physics and investor sentiment. Federal and provincial politicians are softening their opposition to, and have even publicly declared support for, pipelines to tidewater. The worst is over.
However, it is increasingly certain that the future will not be like the past. Previous downturns have been equally devastating but the primary causes eventually reversed themselves; low commodity prices recovered and damaging government policies were rescinded.
This recovery will be different for a variety of reasons which will combine to cap growth, opportunity and profits, even if oil and gas prices spike. The following major changes appear permanent.
Written by a climate and energy campaigner for the Sierra Club, this appeared on top of page 13 in the April 23 edition of Victoria's Times Columnist, under the headline, "Pipelines not the pathway to Paris solutions." B.C.'s views on pipelines are well known.
Whether you or the tens of thousands of laid-off oil workers believe the first paragraph or not, on April 22 at the United Nations in New York, 171 countries signed the Paris climate change agreement negotiated last year. At the event, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said: "Paris will shape the lives of all future generations in a profound way - it is their future that is at stake." He said the planet was experiencing record temperatures: "We are in a race against time. I urge all countries to join the agreement at the national level. Today we are signing a new covenant for the future." Related: Big Oil Surprises Analysts, Is The Worst Behind Us?
This is all caused by burning carbon fuel. True or not, this debate will not die anytime soon.
The anti-carbon movement is already affecting the oil industry in ways nobody would have imagined two years ago. Alberta's comprehensive carbon tax regime will become law January 1, 2017 apparently to prove that the province deserves a social license to stay in the oil business from carbon fuel opponents. The recent Canada / U.S. commitment to reduce methane emissions will come at an enormous cost to the oilpatch if implementation is not preceded by a significant study and comprehensive cost / benefit analysis.
These are just part of a growing trend to dismiss and / or deny the essential role hydrocarbon fuel plays in powering the world's economy. Oil doesn't matter any longer. University endowment funds have been pressured for years to divest shares in oil and gas companies. The Royal Bank of Scotland now refuses to provide funding for oilsands development. Historically, people sought jobs in the oilpatch and were proud of their work. This is changing fast.
Canada is one of the few major oil and gas-producing jurisdictions determined to push rapidly forward with major and expensive anti-carbon policy changes despite being only a nominal contributor to global emissions. We won't be followed anytime soon by Russia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Iran, Iraq, Mexico, Venezuela, Nigeria and so on. They will be happy to supply Canada with oil, whether Canadian supplies continue or not.
Following the 2008 / 2009 recession the world's central bankers embarked on a program of near-zero interest rates that would be expanded into something called "quantitative easing." Investopedia's definition is, "Quantitative easing is an unconventional monetary policy in which a central bank purchases government securities or other securities from the market in order to lower interest rates and increase the money supply." This has now been expanded in some countries to include experimental negative interest rates where banks and, ultimately, savers are penalized for holding cash and not spending their money.
The purpose has been to juice spending to keep the western economic miracle alive while government debt balloons and the economy stagnates. If interest rates ever approached the double-digit levels of 30 years ago, the economic devastation would be staggering. Prime lending and mortgage rates peaked at 22.5 percent in the early 1980s, long before it was believed (then accepted) governments could print money without collapsing the economy or creating runaway inflation.
Oops. This time oil prices collapsed and so did demand. The International Energy Agency is forecasting, despite low prices, demand growth of only 1.2 million barrels (b/d) per day this year compared to 1.6 million b/d or higher in 2015 and prior years. Middle class incomes, the main driver of growing oil consumption in the past, are no longer rising in the western world. Quantitative easing has run its course. What growth in oil demand may occur will be in Asia and other foreign markets. Should governments reverse policies on near-zero or sub-zero interest rates or people lose confidence in the long-term stability of central banks printing money as required, oil consumption and prices are doomed.
The hunt for yield in the era of lower to zero interest rates leads to peculiar investment decisions. In 2008 the collapse of the housing bubble – driven by an endless investor appetite for high-yield mortgage bonds of questionable quality – was said to cause the global recession. This precipitated the collapse of major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and the bailout of many more. Regulators frowned and tried to bring in policies to ensure it would not happen again.
The great light tight oil (LTO) or shale boom in the U.S. since 2010 has all the hallmarks of a similar asset bubble. Exploration and production (E&P) companies were able to finance significant drilling through the sale of subordinated bonds with an attractive yield of 6 percent or more. They were for the most part interest-only and due in several years. The problem with drilling high decline LTO wells with high-yield debt is by the time the bonds mature, the production from the wells the debt paid for has declined to the point the assets are only worth a fraction of the leverage outstanding. Many companies in the U.S. are already broke and more will follow. Much analysis has been done to show some of the top LTO drillers in the U.S. spent $2 on drilling for every $1 of cash flow prior investments had generated. The difference was made up by seemingly limitless capital inflows.
This has created two problems for Canada's oil future. The first is even if commodity prices rise and transportation issues are solved, the ability of companies to raise cheap debt will be impaired for some time, perhaps forever, depending on what happens to interest rates. Historical E&P spending has almost always exceeded cash flow providing investment, jobs and opportunity that would not exist otherwise. External capital inflows are essential to feed the machine.
The other is the impact debt-financing has had on oilfield services (OFS) sector balance sheets. As has been written on these pages before, in 2014 and 2015 alone 21 diversified Canadian OFS operators invested $37 billion adding new rigs, frack spreads, camps, processing plants, midstream facilities and pipelines for a growing North American oilpatch. Three large Canadian pressure pumpers alone carried a combined $2.6 billion in debt and one has gone broke. A lot of E&P demand was financed by debt, which is no longer available. Now OFS is overbuilt and many operators over-levered. It will take some recovery to clean this up.
Why Middle East producers do what they do remains a mystery. But whatever the plan or strategy, the cash cost of finding and producing the next barrel in this region remains the lowest in the world. In the past it seemed Middle East oil strategy was about price with oil sales assured. Now it looks like volume and market share. Related: Has the Oil Price Rally Gone Too Far?
The Middle East may soon be the world's most active market for drilling rigs. According to the Baker Hughes worldwide rig count, the only area of the world (Latin America, Europe, Africa, Middle East, Asia Pacific, U.S., Canada) still operating about the same number of rigs in 2016 as it was in 2014 is the Middle East. The only region that has increased its active rig count from 2013 and 2012 and its share of the global active drilling rigs is the Middle East.
Why? Because they can, and to sustain output, they must. Whatever the financial situation may be for the governments in charge, there is clearly sufficient cash flow from existing production to fund more drilling. With the Baker Hughes U.S. total active rig count for April 22 down to 471, the average 403 rigs drilling in the Middle East in the first three months of 2016 make it the second-busiest region in the world. Unless prices recover soon, it could become number one.
This is not a price war Canada can win. One of the attractions of Canada in recent years is foreign capital was welcome to develop massive, if expensive, oil reserves. Now Iran is said to be open for business. As is Mexico. Saudi Arabia wants to diversify its economy away from oil and sell its refining operations to global investors. The Saudis are talking bravely about an economy no longer dependent upon oil profits as soon as 2030.
Western Canada is not the only oil-producing jurisdiction wondering about its future. It is, however, the highest cost oil-producing jurisdiction wondering about its future.
Canada produces 7 million barrels of oil equivalent per day of bitumen, crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas, making it the fifth largest hydrocarbon-producing jurisdiction in the world. The country won't be going off the oil and gas business anytime soon, so keeping it going will remain good business and the largest resource industry in Canada.
But the current mantra of "lower for longer" is wrong. This is only the price of oil. In terms of the Canadian oil and gas industry there are multiple reasons it could be "lower for a long time, possibly forever." As a country that performs all elements of producing still-essential hydrocarbons as well or better than anyone else in the world – everything from broad economic participation to worker safety to environmental protection – that is a tragedy.
The CAODC (Canadian association of oilfield drilling contractors) has slashed drilling crew wages by 33% as of today. The carnage continues. Good luck getting anything but ex-cons at that pay rate.
@Wiltroy A bunch of companies in Alberta have cut welder wages by 30%. The company I used to work is fighting with the union to cut wages 20%. Workers are already on reduced hour 4 day work week.
Foreclosure's and car repos are accelerating. I talked to a tow truck driver and he says he repo's 5 cars a week just himself.
I disagree with your ex-cons comment because people are getting desperate and 30% less on $40/hour is still $28/hour. EI only pays out a MAXIMUM of $1900 clear a month so people will work for whatever they can get.
Even McDonalds and Walmart are reducing hours and laying off people here in the oil patch.
Don't fall for the environmentalist hype of politicians and others with limited knowledge of how the economy functions. Look around where you are sitting right now and try to see anything manmade that oil didn't put there. You can't. We consume about 45,300 gallons of oil per second. Not all of it goes to producing fuels, but most of it does. Trying to reduce that too rapidly will collapse the global economy. A couple of billion people would literally starve. I will explain what will happen, if the fools try and shift away from oil too rapidly. Trust me, if they try it, climate change will be the least of your worries.
Pull up a graph of world oil consumption and you will notice that as time passes, it has nearly always increased. The reason is that the economy of the world is continually getting larger. A larger economy means more work needs to get done. Some fuel must be consumed to do that work. In transportation today, nearly all of that work is accomplished using gasoline, diesel, propane, or kerosene. The biggest exception is electrified trains. That system could be greatly expanded, but not quickly, or cheaply.
If politicians decide to interfere with the amount of oil being produced, the economy will be forced to shrink. That is because nothing can be brought online fast enough to substitute for anything but a slight reduction in the energy obtained from oil. So oil will be in demand for decades to come.
You may be like I used to be, and think that a shrinking economy isn't that bad. When I first started working, I can still remember the feeling of dread that came over me as I was looking out of the windows of the top floor of the Plaza Tower skyscraper in the New Orleans CBD. From up there, you can watch the trucks on the freeway network, the ships from around the world on the Mississippi River, the barges moving grain, and the jets flying into the airport. I can remember thinking what would happen when all that oil powering everything moving started to run out. I comforted myself with the thought that I would be long gone before that happened.
Unfortunately, less oil won't be about having to do without another 70 inch TV, or driving a tiny little car, instead of an 8 cylinder Escalade.
The problem will be with the banking system. It isn't designed to function in an economy constantly shrinking due to lack of oil to do work. Shrink the global economy for too long, and the banking system will collapse from bad debts resulting from millions of bankruptcies. The amount of debt throughout the financial system is at an all time high. It won't take much to bring down the entire thing. It came very close to collapse in 2008. The politicians screw around with the oil industry in any meaningful way, and the financial industry will soon be toast. Consider what functions without banks. Nothing does. You won't have to worry about 'climate change'. You will be wondering if your neighbor will shoot you if you eat his dog.
Well said Bill Simpson. Paris was not at all about "climate change". Climate has changed since the earth was formed. Paris was all about fulfilling Maurice Strong's socialist dreams and reducing the standard of living of westerners and giving more power to the UN to control nations.
Ah, you've taken the oil industry's message hook, line and sinker, I see.
The vast majority of scientific evidence shows that the current spike in atmospheric CO2 and resulting temperature increase is human-made. It's too fast and sharp to be the result of natural processes.
You know the oil industry tried to pull the wool over the public's eyes like this before, right? When Clair Patterson uncovered evidence that the oil industry was responsible for harmful lead pollution, the companies paid a scientist to lie and convince people that those lead levels were natural and harmless. However, Patterson persisted, the truth prevailed, and gas went unleaded. Hopefully, you'll one day have your Patterson moment and accept the scientific consensus, rather than the paid-for lie.


text:
Summary
=======

A summary of my keireki-sho


text:
Home > News > News > The sky's the limit for developing Istanbul and its impressive skyline
The sky's the limit for developing Istanbul and its impressive skyline
Modern-day Istanbul is gaining a name for its growing skyscrapers, following the release of an independent index that ranks the city as the world's 22nd most visually impactful skyline.
The latest Skyline Ranking by research website Emporis also shows that Istanbul has Europe's second most impressive skyline, after Moscow, which is ranked 11th overall. Top of the ranking is Hong Kong, followed by New York, Singapore, Seoul and Dubai. Istanbul's position is a positive reflection of its real estate market and the increasing demand for quality residential and commercial property, both from Turks and international investors.
While Istanbul may not have the most visually impressive skyline, it can now match many cities for the volume of high-rise blocks it has. If the index listed cities according to the number of high-rise buildings in each, Istanbul would be eighth with 2,305. This puts it ahead of Dubai, as well as Chicago, Shanghai, Bangkok, Toronto and Mumbai.
According to the emporis.com, the Istanbul has 183 'official' skyscrapers, with the tallest building in Istanbul being the Sapphire Tower, built in 2010 and standing at 261 metres high. The next highest buildings are Anthill Residence 1 (210 metres), Anthill Residence 2 (also 210 metres), Spine Tower (201 metres) and Torun Tower (190 metres).
The Sapphire Tower has 22 different types of residential flats, with a total of 156 residential units. It is labelled an ecological skyscraper, making optimum use of natural resources. The foundation and subterranean floors of the building originally belonged to the Grand TAT Hotel project in Levent, which was not completed, and was later sold on for $25 million.


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text:
About the RAI
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Events by month
RAI Research Seminar: Richard Williams
Thu Jan 23 @ 6:00PM -
Anglo-Turkish Society/RAI concert: The Silk Road Collective
RAI Photographic Salon – Photography and Tourism
Wednesday 22 January 2020, 05:30pm - 07:30pm
RAI RESEARCH SEMINAR
SEMINAR SERIES AT THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
Music Videos and Prosthetic Memories in Pakistan's Coke Studio
Dr Richard Williams, SOAS
Wednesday 22 January at 5.30 pm
Since 2007, Coke Studio has rapidly become one of the most influential platforms in televisual, digital and musical media, and has assumed a significant role in generating new narratives about Pakistani modernity. The musical pieces in Coke Studio's videos re-work a range of genres and performing arts, encompassing popular and familiar songs, as well as resuscitating classical poetry and the musical traditions of marginalised communities. This re-working of the creative arts of South Asia represents an innovative approach to sound, language, and form, but also poses larger questions about how cultural memory and national narratives can be reimagined through musical media, and then further re-worked by media consumers and digital audiences.
This paper considers how Coke Studio's music videos have been both celebrated and criticized, and explores the online conversations that compared new covers to the originals, be they much loved or long-forgotten. The ways in which the videos are viewed, shared, and dissected online sheds light on new modes of media consumption and self-reflection. Following specific examples, I examine the larger implications of the hybrid text-video-audio object in the digital age, and how the consumers of Coke Studio actively participate in developing new narratives about South Asian history and Pakistani modernity.
This event is free, but tickets must be booked. To book tickets please go to https://raiwilliams.eventbrite.co.uk
Location : Royal Anthropological Institute
50 Fitzroy Street
W1T 5BT
http://www.therai.org.uk
© 2020 Royal Anthropological Institute


text:
Mathieu Gorgelin, né le  à Ambérieu-en-Bugey (Ain), est un footballeur français qui évolue au poste de gardien de but au Havre Athletic Club.

Biographie

En clubs

Les débuts
Mathieu Gorgelin commence le football au sein du club d'Ambérieu à l'âge de six ans. Il teste plusieurs postes, avant de s'essayer dans les cages. C'est le déclic, et le voilà qui suit les traces de son père, lui-même gardien de but du club d'Ambérieu pendant près de 2 décennies. Au mois de , alors qu'il n'est que poussin et participe à un tournoi organisé par le Conseil général, des recruteurs sont sur place et notent immédiatement des qualités hors du commun chez le jeune garçon. Il a incontestablement tous les dons requis pour aller loin. L'Olympique lyonnais lui propose de s'engager au club alors qu'il est âgée de onze ans. Ses parents préfèrent décliner cette première offre pour laisser à Mathieu le temps de grandir un peu, tout en suivant une scolarité traditionnelle. Bon élève, Mathieu Gorgelin n'attend pas longtemps, puisque ses résultats lui permettent dès la saison suivante, en 2002, d'intégrer la section Sports-Études des espoirs de l'Olympique lyonnais. Très vite il recevra de nouvelles sollicitations mais décide de rester à l'OL. Sélectionné en équipe de France espoir, Mathieu Gorgelin s'est immiscé petit à petit dans le groupe pro de l'OL. Il est récompensé à l'âge de 19 ans avec un premier contrat pro de 3 ans.

Prêt au Red Star FC (2012-2013)
Après avoir évolué les trois dernières saisons avec la réserve de l'Olympique lyonnais en CFA, il est prêté au Red Star FC pour la saison 2011-2012. Il effectue 15 matchs de National et trois matchs de Coupe de France avec le Red Star FC, dont le  de finale face à l'Olympique de Marseille (défaite 0-5 au Stade de France).

Retour au club en tant que doublure (2013-2019)
Il effectue ses grands débuts avec l'équipe professionnelle de l'OL le  contre l'EA Guingamp à la suite des blessures de Rémy Vercoutre et Anthony Lopes. Il est ensuite titulaire lors du match nul contre le HNK Rijeka en Ligue Europa, et prend part au derby, remporté 2-1 par les Lyonnais, face à l'AS Saint-Étienne. À l'issue de la saison, Gorgelin signe une prolongation de contrat de trois saisons avec son club formateur.

En , le joueur prolonge avec l'Olympique lyonnais pour trois ans et étale son bail jusqu'en 2020.

Lors de la saison 2016-2017, il ne joue qu'un seul match en ligue 1 lors de la réception de Dijon (victoire 4-2 de l'Olympique lyonnais) à la suite d'une suspension d'Anthony Lopes. Il ne jouera pas d'autre matchs de la saison en championnat.

Lors de la saison 2017-2018, il joue quatre matchs en Ligue 1 (tous en tant que titulaire) dont un derby face à l'AS Saint Étienne (1-1) en . Quelques mois plus tard, à la suite de la suspension d'Anthony Lopes, il enchaîne trois matchs d'affilée.

Il joue le premier match de la saison 2018-2019 de l'Olympique lyonnais le  contre Amiens lors de la victoire de l'Olympique lyonnais 2-0 et joue un dernier match dans cet intérim de la suspension d'Anthony Lopes contre Reims lors de la deuxième journée de championnat de Ligue 1. Comme à l'accoutumée, Mathieu Gorgelin est également titularisé par Bruno Génésio lors des rencontres de Coupe de la Ligue de Lyon, soit une victoire en huitièmes de finale et une défaite au tour suivant. La saison 2018-2019 sera l'occasion pour Gorgelin de faire ses grands débuts en Ligue des champions, au Nou Camp, face au FC Barcelone de Lionel Messi et consorts. En effet, Anthony Lopes, titulaire pour cette rencontre, se blesse à la suite d'un contact avec Phillipe Coutinho à la demi-heure de jeu. Gorgelin joue donc près d'une heure, mais ne peut empêcher la défaite lyonnaise 5-1, réalisant même une petite faute de main sur le but de Lionel Messi pour le 3-1. Lors de la saison 2018-2019, il est avec Lucas Tousart l'un des deux délégués syndicaux de l'UNFP au sein de l'OL.

Mathieu Gorgelin dispute le match face à Montpellier quatre jours après lors d'une victoire de l'Olympique lyonnais. Le , il dispute son dernier match sous le maillot lyonnais profitant de l'absence d'Anthony Lopes alors que le club est déjà qualifié en Ligue des champions.

Le Havre AC (depuis 2019)
Le , Mathieu Gorgelin s'engage pour trois ans avec Le Havre AC.

En équipe nationale

Mathieu Gorgelin joue deux matchs avec l'équipe de France des moins de 20 ans avant de se voir convoquer avec l'équipe de France espoirs. Il reçoit sa première et dernière sélection avec les espoirs le , lors d'un match face à l'Espagne. Auteur d'une sortie hasardeuse sur le premier but espagnol, le jeune gardien de l'Olympique lyonnais a fait une énorme erreur sur le deuxième but, inscrit par Rodri, même si la France menait déjà 3-0 à ce moment-là.

Statistiques

Palmarès
Il est vice-champion de France en 2016 avec l'Olympique lyonnais.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Gardien de but français de football
Gardien de but du Red Star
Gardien de but de l'Olympique lyonnais
Gardien de but du Havre AC
Naissance en août 1990
Naissance à Ambérieu-en-Bugey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Bernard C Moore
Know the History
Namibia Digital Repository
Know the History: Stock Theft and Taxes in Namibia
By bernardcmoore
On 24 May, 2017
Published in The Namibian, 27 May, 2016. p. B16. [URL] [PDF]
Farm Workers with Karakul Stud Ram –
National Archives of Namibia Photo Collection 20011
I was sifting through files in the National Archives of Namibia last year working on my M.A. Thesis on economic and labour history in Southern Namibia. Throughout these long days, one inevitably finds archival files and boxes which, unopened, seem useless for the specific project one is working on. But when explored further, really interesting insights come forth. This is one of those cases.
Taxes and Labour
I was trying to understand the relationship between taxes and labour recruitment during the early years of South African colonialism in Namibia. In these years, seemingly strange taxes and fees were implemented and enforced: the Wheel Tax, the Dog Tax, Dipping Fees, etc. When one compares the revenue gained to the large financial costs of enforcement, it becomes evident that there were other motives to these taxes than just supplementing the state budget. Enforcing the dog tax in rural areas required huge amounts of ammunition, petrol, horses, metal for badges, not to mention the salaries of overworked police and bureaucrats. It is difficult to do a formal cost analysis because of the often incomplete data, but it's clear that many taxes were a net loss for the colonial state. Why implement and enforce them then? In order to explain further, let's get some context.
Dr. Wolfgang Werner, Associate Professor at N.U.S.T., wrote in his 1998 book 'No One Will Become Rich': Economy and Society in the Herero Reserves in Namibia, that the early years of South African colonialism were a time of 'self-peasantisation'. This means that black Namibians were deliberately trying to remove themselves from wage labour to pursue an independent existence. Mobility and land access was facilitated by the internment of many German farmers and the removal of German police; it took time for the South Africans to move in. One of these strategies Dr. Werner briefly explored in his dissertation was stock theft. This intrigued me, so I looked deeper.
Stock Theft in Keetmanshoop
I found an interesting file in the National Archives describing a controversial case of stock theft near Keetmanshoop. Mr. R.J. Van Wyk migrated to German SWA from the Orange Free State around 1907 with Sara Bloom, a South African woman, and her two children from a previous marriage: Christian and Susanna. They arrived in Keetmanshoop district and began raising sheep.
In September, 1915, Van Wyk wrote to the Administration in Windhoek reporting stock theft and his subsequent inability to find any black Namibians who would work for him. When the war broke out, Van Wyk left Keetmanshoop district for Prieska in South Africa for 'business reasons'. He left behind 3000-4000 sheep under the supervision of his stepson Christian. When he returned a year later, he found only 963 sheep remaining. Out of confusion, he searched nearby farms and black locations, noting a significant increase in the numbers of black-owned sheep. In addition, all of the sheep he found in the locations had the ears 'mangled' – cut off low at the base of the ear, removing any ID tags Van Wyk would have used. He had no other identification for these sheep, so the administration responded to his letter saying that he cannot prove they were stolen.
When the Magistrate interviewed Christian about the matter, he found it was far more complex than a case of spur-of-the-moment stock theft. Christian, Susanna, the workers and servants were regularly beaten by Van Wyk with sjamboks. Christian claims that he was once hit by Van Wyk with a brick and knocked unconscious. Also, Van Wyk was never actually married to Christian's mother. After her death in 1911, Van Wyk began forcing himself upon Susanna, Christian's sister, aged sixteen, and he fathered a child with her. The actual reason for Van Wyk leaving to Prieska was to avoid being prosecuted for indecency: fathering a child with Susanna and falsely stating that she was his wife. He fled just before the arrest was to be made.
Black Karakul Sheep – National Archives of Namibia Photo Collection 02580
These testimonies can teach us a lot about stock theft during this period. Christian admits that a few hundred stock were sold to pay for workers' wages, food, and clothing after Van Wyk fled to Prieska. He also notes that there was near universal hatred for Van Wyk. It becomes clear that the sheep were taken in a planned manner with forethought, perhaps with the assistance of Van Wyk's 'stepson' Christian Bloom. Regardless of the new owner of the sheep, all had cut the ears to reduce identification purposes.
A Political Statement
So what does this have to do with taxes? In these early years of South African rule, taxes became an important way to coerce black Namibians to work on white-owned farms; many taxes were not about state revenue. As Dr. Werner pointed out, many black Namibians were distancing themselves from wage labour. Stock theft was a way to gain self-sufficiency; stealing enough sheep so you could qualify for a 'labour exemption certificate' was a crucial way to avoid becoming dependent on abusive white employers like Van Wyk (exemption was granted to Namibians with more than ten cattle or fifty small-stock). Taxes served as a way to make independent existence more difficult and cut into the gains black Namibians made after the Germans were defeated.
To conclude, was all stock theft like this? No. Many stock were stolen on a one-off basis; someone wanted a sheep, so he took it. What the R.J. Van Wyk case shows us, though, is that stealing sheep during this time was more than just a 'criminal' activity; it was a political statement: a desire for economic and social autonomy from the white colonial state. And it had the support of many people; one person could not have stolen over 3000 sheep from Van Wyk.
-N.B.: Names have been changed to protect anonymity. For those interested in learning more, consult National Archives of Namibia, ADM box 2, file A.13/15.
-Biographical Note: Bernard C. Moore is a doctoral student at the University of London, School of Oriental & African Studies. He recently completed his M.A. at Michigan State University, USA, with a thesis titled 'Canines, Carnivores, Capitalism, Colonialism: Some Transformations in Hunting, Agriculture, and Labour in Southern Namibia, 1915-1930s'. He can be reached at 081 613 3538 or bernardcmoore@gmail.com.
Know the History: Namibia's Dog Tax
Killing for Sheep: Locating "Vermin" in the Namibian Archives


text:
Body Makeup, Spray Tans, and Other Secrets From Dancing With the Stars' Makeup Artist
Dancing With the Stars' Makeup Artist Reveals Beauty Secrets
As POPSUGAR editors, we independently select and write about stuff we love and think you'll like too. POPSUGAR has affiliate and advertising partnerships so we get revenue from sharing this content and from your purchase.
18 November, 2020 by Kelsey Castañon
Anybody with access to cable TV in the last 15 years knows the following equation: mainstream celebrity + paso doble + glittery getup = Dancing With the Stars. For 29 seasons, it's been primetime's titular dancing show, with approximately 12 million eyeballs glued to the screen each episode. That's why, prior to 2020, there was no reason to change a thing. Then, the pandemic hit.
Like much else in the world, COVID-19 flipped everything upside down for the cast and crew of DWTS. For one thing, the network employed 70 percent more makeup artists than earlier seasons — an effort to avoid cross-contamination by giving each team their own glam point person, said the show's makeup department head, Zena Shteysel.
"This season has been quite different," she told POPSUGAR (and she would know — she's been working on the series since the very beginning). "Before, we used to create the looks the day of and then present it to the couple. We'd look at: what's the wardrobe? What's the dance? What's the story they're trying to convey? From there, we'd draw inspiration for a makeup look. Now, we have weekly meetings with our creative where they share the inspiration they've already discussed with the talent, and then each artist conveys that look one-on-one with their couple. It's a big collaboration, but safety precautions have us all in our own pods in the trailers."
In a close-contact industry that's been plagued by unemployment this year, the uptick in makeup artists was a bright spot. "Normally, my team is made up of eight artists and two body-makeup artists who just focus on the body, making sure any bruises or tattoos are covered if need be and do the body glow our show is famous for," she said. "But because of COVID and having to keep to our pods, we've employed 17 artists. It's really cool."
Even still, there is plenty of makeup magic to go around behind the scenes. Here, Shteysel is dishing on the show's biggest beauty secrets, from spray tans that take place every Sunday to drawn-on abs and more — because there are some things that will never change.
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Latest Beauty


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History was made in Paris on Saturday at 19h27 when Laurent Fabius, the French Foreign Minister, used his gavel to bring COP21 proceedings to an end: 195 countries had adopted the "Paris Agreement". If emotional energy could power the planet, then COP21 has provided us with enough to keep the lights on for the next hundred years. In a well-planned, theatrical show, watched live by thousands of sycophantic NGOs, governments of the world agreed to a text that allows the show to go on – in Marrakesh next year.
The Paris Agreement is not a treaty; it is not a protocol; it is not even a legally binding agreement – the onus on developed nations to reduce their absolute emissions was removed at the very last moment. "Shall" was changed at 19h25 to "should" in Article 4.4 – a "technical" correction to an error that had resulted from delegates and staffers being understandably sleep-deprived, according to the UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary, Richard Kinley (a Canadian national). The US Secretary of State, John Kerry, had done his job (see email 9 December 2015).
COP21 has boosted egos and made many people feel that they are engaged in something momentous. The European Commission will hail the agreement as a victory. EU citizens might be less enthusiastic. The EU and the EU alone, as a "regional economic integration organization", "shall" meet the emission reduction targets set out in 28 "nationally determined contributions" (Article 4.18). So, whereas all other developed nations "should" continue to reduce GHG emissions and developing nations "should" continue to enhance their mitigation efforts, the EU has agreed that it "shall" adopt emission reduction targets. In English, we would call this a momentous "stitch-up"!
The EU must now backtrack on its ambitious "intended nationally determined contribution" submitted to the UN in March 2015. It must do this before ratifying the agreement, so before 22 April 2016. Given that there is no legally binding, international agreement and no agreement with targets (except for the EU), only voluntary action to reduce emissions, the EU must now face reality and submit a new "nationally determined contribution" with a lower ambition level. A 30% target for 2030 now looks appropriate, as proposed by EURACOAL in our now infamous "suicide note" (https://euracoal.eu/2015/12/14/featured6/).
nations may ratify the agreement after 22 April 2016 – Mother Earth Day. It shall enter into force once at least 55 parties accounting for at least 55% of global GHG emissions have signed.
Crucially, the principle holds of "equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances". So China and India got what they wanted – developing countries can continue to develop, unhindered by emission limits.
188 nations have already submitted their "intended nationally determined contributions" which, taken together, would limit global temperature rise to 2.7°C (ref. Climate Action Tracker / Potsdam Institute). The 1.5°C ambition is impossible – we know that from the IEA's work on the 2°C target. Nevertheless, the IPCC has been asked to publish a special report in 2018 on low-emission pathways to achieve it. "Keep it in the ground" campaigns will morph into campaigns to "Put it back in the ground", watched with growing incredulity.
The importance of the Paris Agreement lies not in its wording, which is weak to the point of irrelevance, but in the direction of travel. For the first time, all nations will report transparently to the UN every two years their GHG emissions (except the least developed countries and small island developing states) and submit plans to curb future emissions. Thus, the Paris Agreement is a step towards global government – a notable achievement and reflected also by the UNFCCC's engagement with cities, regions, companies and investors, thus bypassing nation states.
You might be relieved that the agreement is weak. Don't be. The words and legal basis no longer matter. Fossil fuels are portrayed by the UN as public enemy number one. We are witnessing a power bid by people who see the democratic process as part of the problem and have worked out ways to bypass it. Governments use the influence of NGOs – many of whom are funded by governments – to create the illusion of progress. The UN wants to destroy the fuels that have enabled great progress over the last 250 years: the cycle of uncertainty that the UNFCCC now proposes will increase the cost of project financing in the fossil fuel sector.
The Paris Agreement is founded on the belief that we can switch away from fossil fuels and thus make deep cuts in GHG emissions: renewables are the answer and the UN wants Africa to become the poster child of sustainable development using renewable energy sources (and African nations are happy to have us pay). The IPCC forecasts a total investment in renewables of $5.1 trillion to 2020 and $7.2 trillion for the decade 2021 to 2030; it calls for effective enabling policies to encourage this investment.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects renewable energy sources to account for 18% of total global energy supply by 2040 in its relatively optimistic new policies scenario. In contrast, the IPCC selected one scenario from the 164 it analysed to project a 77% share for renewables in 2050 (IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN), Cambridge University Press, 2012). The selected scenario was prepared by Sven Teske of Greenpeace! Moreover, while the IEA forecasts energy demand growth in the future of 1.0% p.a., the Greenpeace scenario selected by the UN has no growth, in fact slightly lower global energy consumption in 2050 than in 2007, and an inexplicably large contribution from wind and solar.
The world is being sold a lie, yet most people seem to accept the lie, even if they do not believe it. The UN has successfully brainwashed most of the world's population such that scientific evidence, rational analysis, enlightened thinking and common sense no longer matter. Finding a common enemy that brings humanity together around a negotiating table is certainly better than fighting wars, but building that common enemy on a lie will end in tears.
What was COP21 really about?
We can all agree with her: wherever economic alternatives exist to fossil fuels, let's use them. So, no need for UN agreements or for trillions of dollars of public money.
The New York based campaign organisation, Avaaz, has exposed the seven biggest "climate criminals" at COP21. Activists handed out wanted posters in Paris and pasted them outside hotels. Avaaz is well-organised and well-funded (c.$20 million annual budget). No one knows where this money comes from – Avaaz says it is from individual donations, each of less than $5,000. Few believe this story and Avaaz is certainly no grassroots organisation: it comprises a group of PR professionals who make a living by feeding off US power brokers. It focuses on headline issues, using online petitions, media campaigns and direct actions, emailings, government lobbying and organised protests and events. It has been active in Syria, calling for the overthrow of President Assad. Somewhat disturbingly, Avaaz employed children to campaign in Paris. Thankfully, not something that the coal industry any longer does.
Greenpeace painted roads around the Arc de Triomphe yellow (here's how they did it: www.ibtimes.co.uk/tv/embed/16675). Police moved in before their rays of sunshine were complete. Very artistic, but against the law. And that highlights the problem that we, the coal industry, now face. The rule of law is being replaced by mob rule which is very dangerous for the future well-being of society. Governments, including the European Commission, are in cahoots with protest movements, because the ballot box is seen as an inadequate tool by those who know better than the "man in the street" about complicated problems such as climate change. The climate bandwagon is rolling and gathering speed such that the fossil fuel industry will spend the coming years and decades in the spotlight for all the wrong reasons. We will be hated and vilified, in the same way that slave traders were once hated and vilified. This is not a sustainable position and the industry should no longer acquiesce.


Jinze's presentation was entitled The Battle off Samar and it was dedicated to Bob DeSpain, a survivor of the World War II Battle off Samar. This battle was the centermost action of the Battle of Leyte Gulf — one of the largest naval battles in history — and it took place in the Philippine Sea off Samar Island in the Philippines on October 25, 1944.
The best part of this story–Jinze didn't do this for a grade or any kind of extra credit, or in response to an assignment. She felt so passionately about sharing Bob's legacy and service, she stepped up on her own accord to tell the story.
I'll bet you, my fellow educators, know a student–or two, or twenty–that have some great "stepping up" stories of their own.


text:
package org.webocr.data;

import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.webocr.model.SelectionData;
import org.webocr.model.SelectionList;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class SelectionListEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {

    @Override
    public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
	ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

	SelectionList collection = null;

	try {
	    JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(text).get("coords");

	    if (root.isArray()) {
		collection = new SelectionList();

		for (final JsonNode node : root) {
		    SelectionData data = new SelectionData();
		    data.setX(node.path("x").asInt());
		    data.setY(node.path("y").asInt());
		    data.setWidth(node.path("width").asInt());
		    data.setHeight(node.path("height").asInt());

		    collection.getSelectionList().add(data);
		}
	    }

	} catch (IOException e) {
	    System.err.println("Cannot map the JSON Object.\n" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
	}

	setValue(collection);
    }
}


text:
Q: modalViewController still set after dismissModalViewController I have a main screen that presents a modal view controller.
When the modal controller is done it calls a method on the parent to dismiss the modal and then display a different modal view.
The problem is that after dismissing the modal view controller (the view does correctly disappear) the subsequent presentModelViewController doesn't do anything.
If I look at the modalViewController property on the root controller I can see that after doing the dismiss it is still set to the old modal controller. As noted above the view is no longer visible and also if I profile the application there are no instances of that view in memory.
Any ideas?

A: The problem was that the modal controllers viewDidDisappear had not been called before I was adding a new modal controller.
Once I ensured that I only tried to add a new modal after the original modal viewDidDisappear had been called it worked ok.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
SN 2009ct – supernowa typu II odkryta 26 marca 2009 roku w galaktyce A131523+4625. W momencie odkrycia miała maksymalną jasność 17,90.

Przypisy

Supernowe zaobserwowane w 2009 roku


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Advice on conversion rate improvement.
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text:
Q: JSF PrimeFaces datatable filtering I 'record' objects and I put them in a datatable. A record has a boolean value 'Ignored', my idea is to make a filter so that it either shows all ignored records or everything. Here is my code:
<p:column headerText="Status" filterMatchMode="equals" filterBy="#{record.ignored}">
    <f:facet name="filter">
      <p:selectOneButton onchange="PF('logTable').filter()">
        <f:converter converterId="javax.faces.Boolean" />
        <f:selectItem itemLabel="All" itemValue="" />
        <f:selectItem itemLabel="Ignored" itemValue="#{record.ignored}" />
      </p:selectOneButton>
    </f:facet>
    <h:outputText value="#{record.status}" />
</p:column>

For some reason it is not working properly which i could not find, after searching for some examples online.

A: The item value for this item
<f:selectItem itemLabel="Ignored" itemValue="#{record.ignored}" />

should be either true or false since that is the condition that will be check during the filtering of the records
<f:selectItem itemLabel="Ignored" itemValue="true" />


Royal Tutoring is an innovative and modern provider of tutoring. It specializes in the provision of group classes and one on one tutoring (extra lessons) for all school and University subjects e.g. UNISA, MANCOSA. Tuition can be done in your home, at your workplace or at any one of our venue centres. We have professional tutors prepared to offer you the best quality tuition.


Posted on October 10, 2018 at 11:36 am.
We have gentrified not only the core neighborhoods that once nurtured artists, but even the very cultural resources and institutions that catalyzed those changes. Artists and arts organizations that were leaders a generation ago, are now ossified, diminished, lacking in vision or hobbled by institutional pressures. The cultural leadership of Portland responds to our historical struggles with diversity and equity, by showcasing token leaders or works, without any lasting or meaningful contextual discussions or ongoing relationships. We begin the work, but we mistake these beginnings to be adequate compensations for the generations' worth of systemic oppression and ignorance that we've inherited.
I have never experienced a "Golden Age" of Portland cultural life. Every year, every era of my career, I've engaged in conversations with peers, audiences, donors, patrons, and other stakeholders, and those conversations have always identified the same obstacles: lack of institutional support; lack of a robust donor / patron culture; lack of affordable arts performance and studio spaces; lack of public funding; an inadequate print media / arts criticism community; a tattered and desperate arts education environment, too unstable and too vulnerable to other priorities to compete for limited time and funding; grant and foundation support that is difficult to obtain, onerous to administer and ultimately an inadequate resource that hasn't kept up with escalating costs. Political and corporate leaders are reluctant to engage with the arts communities because they misunderstand our purposes, or they simply use the community-building rhetoric to sustain their own priorities.
My peers and I are not without responsibility in this. We've responded by devolving into ever more mercenary, fragmented and ephemeral sensibilities. We produce work that exists in a vacuum, often more solipsistic and self-referential, rather than connected to a cohesive discipline or body of work. So much of our creative energy is expended in simply self- producing—applying for grants, seeking out donors, cultivating audiences, generating publicity materials and relationships, wrangling rehearsal / studio / performance spaces—that oftentimes this work devours the majority of the time and resources budgeted to begin with, mortgaging the actual creativity we'd originally set out to achieve.
We are so busy sprinting from crisis to crisis, that we have no opportunity to put down roots, to consider the infrastructure of our community, to make intentional and sustained efforts that truly last. Policymakers and funders operate from strata of privilege that radically underestimate and misconstrue the experiences of artists now. For example, only now, after opening my 4th temporary homeless shelter for Transition Projects, am I able to access affordable health care, for the first time in over 17 years. At the same time, if I earn more than $30,000 per year, due to tax-credit-funded income restrictions, I am in danger of losing my housing. Confusing as that is, nevertheless, I am a 37-year-old, cis-gendered, heterosexual male person of color, occupying several positions of visibility and responsibility, and so I am what passes for an artist with privilege in this community. When I have a conversation with policymakers or funders, very seldom do I encounter anyone who can relate to these privilege circumstances. Their eyes glaze over when I attempt to explain, with any specificity, the challenges facing myself, my peers, or my organizations. By the same token, audiences and donors express bewilderment, and offer their best intentions, but do not have the capacity for more in-depth conversations.
We all have agency in these issues. None of what I have described is new, nor will any single policy initiative or community organization address this comprehensively. Doubtless much of my circumstance is my own responsibility, the result of artistic and professional choices I've made and the merits of my own work. Nevertheless, I do believe that more candid, transparent relationships between policymakers, leaders, and other stakeholders, and the artists and audiences whom we serve, would help with these issues. We need to actively ensure that our leadership and power-sharing positions are filled with folks that are truly representative of the diversity of perspective and experience that we possess in this community.
For example, boards of directors should be staffed not just with major donors and corporate representatives, but also people of color, LGTBQIA, different socio-economic and educational backgrounds, and others, with specific and detailed board position responsibilities that empower these advocates to carry the same authority and influence as their more-privileged colleagues.
We can also work to de-mystify the decision-making processes that fund the arts in this community. We should be discussing artist compensation, and the interplay between how we value artist's time and labor, and why ticket prices or funding sources won't sufficiently support the arts ecology as it's currently structured. We should be discussing these issues openly, and across the different arts disciplines.
In all events, please know that I do appreciate and see the work that you and our collective forebears have done to bring us to where we are today. There is much that I'm proud of, and much that contributed to bring me to these positions of privilege that I now occupy. I'm honored to be of the same community as all of you.
Paul Susi is an educator, activist, arts administrator and a performing artist based in Portland, OR. He has appeared onstage with Boom Arts, Profile Theater, Shaking the Tree, Push Leg, Anon It Moves, String House Productions, Action/Adventure Theater, Los Portenos, Cerimon House, NW Classical Theater Collaborative, and Portland Actors Ensemble / Shakespeare in the Parks. Paul has appeared regionally and internationally with Shakespeare Santa Cruz, Vermont Stage Company, Island Stage Left (San Juan Islands, WA), Boom Arts/Teatro SOLO (Argentina), and Stacja Szamocin (Poland).
Paul serves as the Co-Chair of the Multnomah County Cultural Coalition, the grass-roots re-granting arm of the Oregon Cultural Trust. He is a Conversation Project Facilitator for Oregon Humanities, where his Conversation Projects, "This Place" and "Does Higher Education Matter?", have connected with communities from Astoria to Grant's Pass.
He is currently touring a solo performance, "An Iliad," directed by Patrick Walsh and with live original music by Anna Fritz, to 15 prisons and other facilities throughout this state.


RPI UK has supplied five integrated measurement assembly platforms (iMAPs) to Rolls-Royce and its approved MRO facilities.
RPI's iMAP, which is proven to reduce inspection times by 90 per cent and improve gauge repeatability and reproducibility by up to 10 times, will be used by Rolls-Royce to measure and assemble engine turbine rotors at its sites in Derby and Germany.
Atlanta-based Delta Airlines, who carry out maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) of the Rolls-Royce Trent engine have also purchased a RPI iMAP machine – the first one sold to a Rolls Royce approved MRO facility.
Jim Palmer, RPI's sales manager, said: "We've been working with Rolls-Royce for over 30 years so its great news that both Rolls-Royce, and their approved MRO facilities, are choosing to invest in IMAP which has been independently verified to give significant operational improvements over traditional measurement methods.


As of 2017, Policy On Line® has been re-designed to meet Level AA Success Criteria of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 to the extent feasible. The application owner, TASB, Inc., is committed to making continuous accessibility updates to Policy On Line as commercially feasible. If you are a person with a disability having difficulty accessing any of the information in Policy On Line, please contact the Policy On Line account holder, Freer ISD, to request the information in an alternative format or for other assistance.
Freer ISD can be contacted at (361) 394-6025, and through the Freer ISD website.


text:
Q: A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client Hi I get this error when i hit the submit button on a user login form because there is a repeater on the same page with is repeating html which is being posted back with the form content. apart from applying ValidateRequest="false" to the login usercontrol is there anything i can add around the repeater to stop this?

A: When you set ValidateRequest to false all kind of dangerous characters are accepted as parameters so you must make sure to properly HTML encode them if you intend to redisplay this user input.

A: If for some reason you can't HTML encode the text:
1) In the repeater, render the dangerous text inside HTML elements that don't get posted, like <p> or <span>.
2) If you absolutely must render the HTML inside <input> elements, disable those elements and so your page doesn't submit them.

A: I answered how to allow this here:
"<" in a text box in ASP.NET --> how to allow it?
basically by escaping the HTML just before the post


Who will be the next gold Olympic medalist? "Pikes", "straddle", and "tuck" are common terms heard here, as well as the favorite "tada!!" This class will also facilitate flexibility, following instructions and cooperating with peers. This class is the perfect foundation before enrolling in a more formal gymnastics program.


Software engineer Scott Driscoll (also known as CuriousInventor) works at Foundry 45 and develops virtual reality marketing apps. In his free time he loves to get down to the core of how something works, sharing explanatory videos on Bitcoin, VR, AR and startups.
Scott Driscoll gives a clear, but very technical explanation of how Bitcoin works. It is recommended for curious people who want to dig in deep into what it really means to own, transfer, keep track of and mine Bitcoins.


Sage Software, a leading provider of business information management solutions, has known for several years that implementation of Sage MAS 90, Sage MAS 200, or Sage MAS 500 ERP software systems results in significant enhancements in productivity, efficiency and streamlined business processes. The net benefits of the deployment and use of these products in distribution businesses has been documented in numerous case studies, which illustrate both increased revenues and cost reductions, or even cost eliminations. These benefits significantly over-shadow the investment in the software solution itself and are typically realized in the first year of deployment.


text:
Two guards with rapper Juice Wrld arrested on gun charges after he suffered cardiac arrest at Midway
Jessi Roti / Chicago Tribune
Rapper Juice Wrld performs at ComplexCon Chicago, Saturday, July 20, 2019.
Rapper Juice Wrld performs at ComplexCon Chicago, Saturday, July 20, 2019. (Jessi Roti / Chicago Tribune)
Rosemary Sobol
Two guards who were with rapper Juice Wrld when he suffered cardiac arrest at Midway Airport over the weekend were arrested after three guns were found, along with a high-capacity magazine and metal-piercing bullets, according to Chicago police.
Both were charged with misdemeanors after the Cook County state's attorney's office rejected felony charges, police said Only one of the guards had a valid permit to carry guns in Illinlois, but it is still illegal to possess them at airports.
Police and paramedics were called to a hangar at Midway operated by Atlantic Aviation around 2 a.m. Sunday when the 21-year-old rapper, whose real name is Jarad Anthony Higgins, went into cardiac arrest after arriving on a private jet, authorities said.
Higgins was taken to Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, where he was pronounced dead about an hour later. An autopsy is scheduled for later Monday.
The rapper was with 10 or 12 people at the time, including associates, aircraft staff and the two security guards, Henry Dean, 27, from Chicago, and Christopher Long, 36, from California, police said.
Two 9mm pistols and a high-capacity magazine were taken from Dean, police said. A .40-caliber pistol suspected of belonging to Long was also found.
Dean was charged with possessing a high-capacity magazine and metal-piercing bullets, police said. Long was charged with unlawful use of a weapons. They are due in court later this month.
Check back for updates.
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