text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{s1}

The study of primary energy spectrum and mass composition in the energy range
$10^{15}$ - $10^{18}$ eV is of crucial importance for the understanding of the
cosmic rays origin and propagation in the Galaxy.

To measure the primary cosmic ray energy
spectrum and mass composition in the mentioned energy range,
the new array Tunka-133 (\cite{1}, \cite{2}), with nearly 1 km$^2$ geometrical
area has been deployed in the Tunka Valley, Siberia. It
records EAS Cherenkov light using the atmosphere of the Earth as a huge
calorimeter and has much better energy resolution ($\sim$ 15\%) than EAS arrays
 detecting only charged particles.

\section{Tunka-133}
\label{s2}

 The Tunka-133 array consists of 133 wide-angle optical detectors  based on the
 PMT EMI 9350 with a hemispherical photocathode of \mbox{20\,cm} diameter.
The detectors are grouped into 19 clusters, each cluster with seven detectors --
six
hexagonally arranged detectors and one in the center. The distance between the
detectors inside the cluster is 85 m.

The Cherenkov light pulse is sent via 95 m coaxial cable RG58 to the center of
a cluster and digitized.
 The dynamic range of the
amplitude measurement is about $3\cdot 10^4$. This is achieved by means of
two channels for each detector extracting the signals from the anode and from an
intermediate dynode of the PMT with different additional amplification factors.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\vspace{3mm}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig1.eps}
\caption{: Example of a pulse from one Tunka-133 detector, recorded by high and low gain channels}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

 The cluster electronics includes the cluster controller, 4 four-channel
FADC boards, an adapter unit for connection with optical dtectors and a special
temperature controller. The 12 bit and 200 MHz sampling FADC board is based on
AD9430 fast ADCs and
FPGA XILINX Spartan XC3S300 microchips. The cluster controller consists of an
optical
transceiver, a synchonization module, a local time clock and a trigger module.
The optical transceiver operating at 1000 MHz is responsible for data
transmission and
formation of 100 MHz synchronization signals for the cluster clocks. The cluster
trigger (the local trigger) is formed by the coincidence of at least three
pulses from the
optical detectors exceeding the threshold within a time window of 0.5$\mu$s.
The time mark of the local trigger
is fixed by the cluster clock. The accuracy of the time synchronization between
different clusters is about 10\,ns.
Each cluster electonics is connected with the DAQ center by a
multi-wire cable containing four copper wires and four optical fibers.

The central DAQ station consists of 4 DAQ boards synchronized by a single 100
MHz generator. The boards are connected with the master PC by 100 MHz Ethernet
lines.

\section{Data processing and reconstruction of the EAS parameters}
\label{s3}
\subsection{Data processing}

The primary data record for each Cherenkov light
detector contains 1024 amplitude values with step of 5 ns (Fig.\ref{fig1}).
Thus the each pulse waveform is
recorded together with the preceding noise as a trace of 5\,$\mu s$.
To derive the three main parameters of the pulse: front
delay at a level 0.25 of the maximum amplitude
$t_i$,
pulse  area $Q_i$ and
full width at half-maximum (FWHM) $\tau_i$, each pulse is fitted with a
special self-designed smoothing curve \cite{icrc0492}.

The reconstruction of the EAS core position is performed with two methods --
by
fitting the  measured charges $Q_i$ with the
lateral distribution function (LDF (\cite{cris_08}) and by
fitting the measured pulse widths
$\tau_i$ by the width-distance function (WDF)(\cite{cris_2010}).

\subsection{Energy reconstruction}
As a measure of energy we used the Cherenkov light flux density at a core
distance of 175\,m - $Q(175)$. Connection between the EAS energy E$_0$ and
Q$_{175}$ may be expressed by the following formula:

\begin{equation}
E_0=C\cdot {Q}_{175}^{g}
	\end{equation}

It
was found from CORSIKA simulation, that for the energy range of \mbox{$10^{16} -
10^{17}$\,eV} and zenith angle range
\mbox{$0^{\circ} - 45^{\circ}$} the value of index $g$ is 0.95 for pure
proton composition and 0.91 for pure iron compositon.
 For energy reconstruction the value of $g$ equal to 0.93 was chosen.

\begin{figure}[!t]
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{fig2.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{$N_e/E_0$ vs $P$ }
  \label{fig2}
 \end{figure}

To reconstruct the EAS energy from Cherenkov light flux one needs to know an
absolute sensitivity of Cherenkov detectors and the atmosphere transparency. To
avoid these problems, the method of normalization of the integral energy
spectrum to the reference one is used.
The reference energy spectrum was obtained at the QUEST
 experiment
 \cite{cris_06}.
In that experiment, five wide-angle Cherenkov
light detectors were installed at Gran-Sasso for common operation with the
EAS-TOP array.
The analysis of CORSIKA simulations shows a strict correlation between the
size/energy ($N_e/E_0$) ratio and the steepness ($P$) of the EAS Cherenkov light
lateral distribution.

The relation between $N_e/E_0$ and $P$ (Fig.\ref{fig2}) is independent both
from the mass of
primary particle and the hadronic interaction model used for the simulation and
provides the primary energy from the measurement of $N_e$ and $P$.
To reconstruct
the LDF steepness $P$, the knowlege of
PMT absolute sensitivity and the atmosphere transparency is not needed.  The
integral energy spectrum of
cosmic rays obtained in the QUEST experiment is used as the reference one now.
The integral
energy spectra obtained for each night of Tunka-133 operation is normalised to
that reference one.

\subsection{Reconstruction of $X_{max}$}

Recording the pulse waveform for each detector allows to use
 two methods of $X_{max}$ reconstruction,
which were developed for our experiment.
The first is based on the shape of the LDF and called $P$-method.
The second method,
 the $W$-method, is based on an analysis of time width of the Cherenkov pulses.

The LDF
shape is described by an expression with a single parameter, the steepness $P$
\cite{5}.
$P$ is strictly connected with the distance from the core position
to the EAS maximum \cite{p_hmax}:

\begin{equation}
H_{max}=A- B\cdot P
\end{equation}

MC simulations shows, that this relation does not depend on energy, zenith
angle of the showers, mass composition and the model of nuclear interaction used
for the simulation.
To get a uniform estimation for $P$  over a wide range of
energies, we remove from the analysis the detectors at core distances more than
200\,m during the last step of parameter reconstruction.

The $W$-method uses the sensitivity of the pulse width
at some fixed core distance to the position of the EAS maximum. We fixed this
distance to 400\,m and
recalculated the values measured with detectors between 200 and 400 m away from
the core to this distance.
To characterize the pulse duration, we use the effective pulse with $\tau$

\begin{equation}
\tau = S/(1.24\cdot A_{max}),
\end{equation}
where $S$ is the area under the pulse in $[dig.counts*ns]$, $A_{max}$ in $[dig.counts]$
 is its maximum amplitude.\\
To recalculate the pulse width to 400\,m, the width-distance function (WDF) is
used. This function was constructed on the basis of CORSIKA simulation and
descibed in \cite{cris_2010}.
It was also shown \cite{cris_2010}, that the value of
$\tau(400)$ is connected with the thickness of the atmosphere between the
detector and $X_{max}$ ($\Delta X_{max} = X_0/cos\theta - X_{max}$) by the
expression:

\begin{equation}
\Delta X_{max} = C - D\cdot log~\tau_{400}.
\end{equation}
This relation is correct for any primary nucleus, any energy and zenith angle of
the shower and any interaction model, as in the case of LDF steepness mentioned
above.

\section{Energy spectrum}
\label{s4}
\subsection{Energy spectrum for inside events}

The data taking by the Tunka-133 array started in October 2009 and has been
continued during two winter seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. As a result, the
data were collected for 597\,hrs of 102 clean moonless nights. Only the
nights with more than 2\,hr of clean weather were taken into account. The
average trigger rate was about 2\,Hz. The number of recorded events was about $4\cdot 10^{6}$.

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig3.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Energy spectrum for two zenith angle intervals. circles -
  $0^{\circ}< \theta <30^{\circ}$,
   squares - $30^{\circ}< \theta < 45^{\circ}$}
  \label{fig-tet}
 \end{figure}

For construction of the energy spectrum the events
 with core position inside a circle of radius $R < 450$\,m from the center of the array
 were selected.  The EAS zenith angle for the events collected into the spectrum is limited by
$45^{\circ}$.
 The threshold energy of 100\% registration efficienty for chosen area and
 zenith angles is $6\cdot10^{15}$\,eV.
 The energy spectra obtained for two different zenith angular ranges ($0^{\circ}
 - 30^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ} - 45^{\circ}$)
are in good agreement for energy more than \mbox{$6\cdot10^{15}$\,eV} (Fig.\ref{fig-tet}).
It was found, that the energy spectrum obtained
for the  first season of the array operation (2009-2010) is in
good agreement with the energy spectrum from the second season (2010-2011)
(Fig.\ref{fig4}) up to the energy \mbox{$6\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV}.
The difference in intensity at higher energies seems to be only due to
statistical fluctuation.

The indication of a "bump", found in the first season
 at the energy \mbox{$8\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV}
 \cite {Texas}, is not seen for the second season spectrum and
practically disappears in the combined spectrum (Fig.\ref{fig5}).

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \vspace*{-6mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig4.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Different energy spectra for two seasons of the array operation.
  Circles - 2009-2010, squares - 2010-2011}
  \label{fig4}
 \end{figure}

 \begin{figure}[!t]
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig5.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Summary energy spectrum for two seasons of Tunka-133 operation ( red circles)
   and Tunka-25
  energy spectrum ( green circles).}
  \label{fig5}
 \end{figure}

 The combined energy spectrum for two seasons of the array operation is presented
 in Fig.\ref{fig5}.
 It contains $\sim$40000 events
 with energy \mbox{$E_0 > 10^{16}$\,eV} and and $\sim$400 events with \mbox{$E_0
 > 10^{17}$\,eV}. The energy spectrum of Tunka-133 is compared with that of
 Tunka-25 \cite{cris_06},
 the predecessor of Tunka-133, in this figure. The energy spectrum beyond the
 knee looks rather complicated.
  One can see that the  spectrum can be fitted  by  power laws with 3 different
  power law indexes:\\
  $3.21\pm(0.01)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $6\cdot 10^{15} - 2\cdot
  10^{16}$\,eV,\\
  $2.95\pm(0.01)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $2\cdot 10^{16} - 10^{17}$\,eV,\\
  $3.15\pm(0.11)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $10^{17} - 10^{18}$\,eV.\\

\subsection{Energy spectrum for outside events}

 It was found that the energy
 spectrum including the outside events can be
 reconstructed too and this spectrum is in good agreement with
the energy spectrum for inside events beyond some
energy threshold. Fig.\ref{fig6} presents a comparison of the spectrum for
inside events ($R < 450$\,m) with
 spectra for events with core inside circles $R<550$\,m, $R<650$\,m and
 $R<800$\,m.

   \begin{figure}[!h]
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig6.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Comparision of energy spectrum for inside events (black circles) and
  spectra for outside events $R<550$ m ( red circles), $R<650$ m (green circles) and
  $R<800$ m (violet circles).}
  \label{fig6}
 \end{figure}

It is seen that the threshold energy of 100\% registration efficiency increases
with increasing of the radius $R$, but for
$E_0 > 6\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV all spectra are in good agreement.
 Based on such the result we construct the combined energy spectrum
 (Fig.\ref{fig7}) from the events with $R<450$\,m
for  \mbox{$E_0 < 6\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV}
 and events with $R<800$\,m for the
higher energy.
This combined  spectrum
 contains about 1200 events with \mbox{$E_0 > 10^{17}$\,eV}.

 \begin{figure}[!h]
  \vspace*{-6mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig7.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Combined energy spectrum. Green circles - Tunka-25 data.}
  \label{fig7}
 \end{figure}

 The shape of the combined spectrum is nearly the same as for inside events spectrum
 and can be fitted by the power laws with 3 different  indexes:\\
$3.21\pm(0.01)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $6\cdot 10^{15} - 2\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV,\\
$2.93\pm(0.01)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $2\cdot 10^{16} - 10^{17}$\,eV,\\
$3.20\pm(0.06)^{stat}\pm(0.05)^{syst}$ for $10^{17} - 10^{18}$\,eV.\\

\subsection{Comparison with results of other experiments}

 \begin{figure}[!b]
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig8.eps}
  \vspace*{-3mm}
  \caption{Tunka-133 all particle energy spectrum in comparison with results of other experiments.}
  \label{fig8}
 \end{figure}

A comparison of the Tunka-133 spectrum with the results of other experiments is
 presented in Fig.\ref{fig8}.
 Our spectrum is in good agreement
with spectra of KASCADE(\cite{KASCADE}),
  Tibet (\cite{Tibet}) and GAMMA (\cite{GAMMA}) arrays.
  The energy range covered by our spectrum (\mbox{$10^{16} - 10^{18}$\,eV}) is
  nearly the same as covered by the
   KASCADE-Grande array data \cite{K-Gr}.

Both spectra reproduce the same structures:
decrease of power law index  at $2\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV and
an increase at $10^{17}$\,eV.
  The difference in absolute   cosmic ray
flux intensity for Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande
  spectra is smaller than 30\%  even at  $10^{17}$\,eV where the difference
  reaches the maximum value.
  It should be mentioned, that if for $g$ (see expession 1)
  a value of 0.91 is used, the difference
   in the intensity becomes
  smaller than 10\%.

\section{Phenomenological approach}

The parameters derived from CORSIKA simulation may slightly differ from the
experimentally  measured parameters. For instance, the linear relation between  $P$ and
$H_{max}$ observed for MC simulation (equation 2) may hold also for the experiment, but with a
slightly different slope. For our recalculation procedure we used the slope
derived from experimental data, not from MC, i.e choosing a "phenomenological
approach".

\begin{figure}[!b]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig9.eps}
\caption{ $P$ vs.$\theta$ dependence from experiment.}
\label{fig9}
\end{figure}

In our case we can use the zenith angle dependence of the parameter $P$.
 This experimental dependence for the fixed energy $E_{0} = 10^{16}$~eV is shown
 in Fig.\ref{fig9}.
This mean dependence was constructed using all the 14400 events from the
energy bin $16.0<log_{10}(E_{0}/eV)<16.1$.
The mean zenith angle can be recalculated to the mean distance to the EAS
maximum. To make this recalculation we use the model of the atmosphere from
\cite{atm} for the real experimental
conditions $<t> = -30^\circ $C and $X_{0} = 965 g\cdot cm^{-2}$. This model
gives the following expression for the inclined distance to the EAS maximum in
km:

\begin{equation}
H_{max}=\frac{H_0}{cos\theta}\cdot
\Bigl(1-\Bigl(\frac{X_{max}\cdot cos\theta}{X_{0}}\Bigr)^{0.0739}\Bigr)
\end{equation}
where $H_0 = 96~ km$.\\
To fix the absolute value of $<H_{max}>$ we need to fix the
mean value $<X_{max}>$ for the above mentioned energy. The most reliable
experimental estimation of the mean depth of maximum by the data of our previous
Tunka-25 experiment is $<X_{max}> = 560 g\cdot cm^{-2}$ \cite{p_hmax}.
Recalculated to the mean $<lnA>$, this value is in good agreement with the
results of some other experiments \cite{KASCADE-1}.
The so derived experimental recalculated dependence $H_{max}$ vs. $P$ is
shown in Fig.\ref{fig10}. It can be fitted with a linear expression:

\begin{figure}[!b]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig10.eps}
\caption{  $H_{max}$ vs.$P$ dependence from experiment.}
\label{fig10}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig11.eps}
\caption{ $\tau_{400}$ vs.$\theta$ dependence from experiment.}
\label{fig11}
\end{figure}

\begin{equation}
H_{max}=A_1- B_1\cdot P
\end{equation}
where $A_1 = 12.67~ km$ and $B_1 = 2.09~ km$.\\
This expression was used for the estimation of $X_{max}$ for each individual
event.

A similar approach for the second parameter sensitive to the position of EAS
maximum $\tau(400)$ can be used but for higher energy because of the greater
energy threshold of this method. The zenith angular dependence of $\tau_{400}$
fot the logaritmic energy bin $16.5<log_{10}(E_{0}/eV)<16.6$\,eV is shown in
Fig.\ref{fig11}. The second method normalized to the $X_{max}$ obtained by the
first one for the energy
$3\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV to fix the absolute scale of $\Delta X_{max}$.  This
approach results in an expression connecting $\tau_{400}$
with the thickness of
matter between the array and the EAS maximum in $g\cdot cm^{-2}$:

\begin{equation}
	\Delta X_{max}=C_1- D_1\cdot log~ \tau(400)
\end{equation}
where $C_1 = 3493~ g\cdot cm^{-2}$, $D_1 = 1689~ g\cdot cm^{-2}$.\\
The result is shown in Fig.\ref{fig12}.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig12.eps}
\caption{  $\Delta X_{max}$ vs.$\tau (400)$ dependence from experiment.}
\label{fig12}
\end{figure}

\section{Experiment: $<X_{max}>$ vs. $E_{0}$}

The experimental dependence of mean $<X_{max}>$ vs. primary energy $E_{0}$
obtained with two methods described above in the energy range $5\cdot 10^{15} -
3\cdot 10^{17}$\,eV is presented in Fig.\ref{fig13}. The new measurements are
compared with
that obtained with our previous array Tunka-25 and with the theoretical curves
simulated with QGSJET-01 model for primary protons and iron nuclea.
The first conclusion is, that the threshold of the  $W$-method is higher
than that of the LDF steepness method, but the experimental points obtained by
both methods coincide within the statistical errors.

Much higher
statistics of Tunka-133 points has led to the much smoother behavior of the
experimental dependence
compared with the Tunka-25 data. The experimental
points go closer to the iron curve with energy grow from the knee to about
$10^{17}$\,eV.
There is a tendency of a backwards movement of the experimental
points to the proton curve at the energy more than
$10^{17}$\,eV, but the
statistical errors are too big to insist on such conclusion.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig13.eps}
\caption{ Experimental $<X_{max}>$ vs.$E_0$ dependence for Tunka-133,
compared with Tunka-25.}
\label{fig13}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!b]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=2.9in]{fig14.eps}
\caption{Experimental $<lnA>$ vs.$E_0$ dependence.}
\label{fig14}
\end{figure}

The mean values of $<X_{max}>$ can be recalculated to the mean values of $<lnA>$
by a simple method of interpolation taking into account the corrections to the
asymmetry of the $X_{max}$ distribution, estimated
at our previous work
\cite{cris_08}. The result of
such approach for the points derived from the LDF
steepness analysis are shown in Fig.\ref{fig14}.
We have to note that this procedure can
give different absolute values of $<lnA>$ for different supposed model of
nuclear interaction. The model QGSJET-01 we use for the analysis provides the
highest position of the EAS maximum as compared with the
other models used now
for simulations. The most deep position of EAS maximum can be obtained using the
QGSJET-II-03 model. The mean difference in $X_{max}$ between these models is
about 20 $g\cdot cm^{-2}$. Using of this last model can increase the estimation
of $<lnA>$ to about 0.8 for the same experimental value of $<X_{max}>$.

The experimental points are compared with that obtained from the analysis of the
muon/electron ratio in the KASCADE \cite{KASCADE-1} experiment in Fig.\ref{fig14}.

\section{Other Results}
\label{s5}

 \subsection{Measurements of radio signals from EAS}

To study whether, in addition to the Cherenkov light, also the radio
emission of air showers can be detected at Tunka, a SALLA
antenna \cite{Kroemer09} was deployed at Tunka cluster 7 in summer 2009.
SALLA is read out simultaneously with the PMTs of that cluster.
Indeed numerous radio pulses could be detected, but most of them are due
to RFI by the Tunka electronics or other background. However,
for Tunka events with a high PMT signal, i.e. a high primary energy,
an accumulation of events with a radio pulse shortly before the PMT
pulses is observed (see Fig.\ref{fig15} for an example).
Selecting these events, about 70 radio candidate events have been found
within the season 2009/2010.

\begin{figure}[!b]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig15.eps}
\caption{One of the radio candidate events.
A radio pulse is detected in both polarizations shortly before
the signal of the PMTs.}
\label{fig15}
\end{figure}

Several tests have been performed to confirm whether the detected
radio pulses are really from air showers or due to any kind of background
generated by Tunka.
One test was to check for which events in a selection of high quality
and high energy Tunka events a radio pulse could be detected
(see Fig.\ref{fig16}).
Consistent with the results of other radio experiments
(e.g., LOPES \cite{Falcke05}), a detection is more likely in the
east-west aligned antenna and for high energies. Furthermore,
the ratio between the amplitude in the east-west and north-south
aligned antenna has been compared to REAS3 \cite{Ludwig11} simulations.
For 7 out of 11 events which show a radio pulse in both polarizations,
the amplitude ratio is compatible within the measurement uncertainties
estimated with a formula derived for LOPES \cite{Schroeder11}.
This is another indication, that at least most of the detected
radio candidates are due to the radio emission of air showers.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig16.eps}
\caption{Energy distribution of a selection of Tunka events and the radio amplitude for those
of these events which show a radio pulse in at least one
polarization: radio pulses are preferred visible for higher energies}
\label{fig16}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Time calibration}

For time synchronization of the optical modules of the Tunka-133 array,
a dedicated calibration system has been developed \cite{LED}. The
calibration system is based on a powerful nanosend LED light source especially designed for the
system. The light source consists of four high InGaN/GaN royal blue ($\lambda_{max}$ = 450 nm)
LEDs with 100$^{\circ}$ full emission angle.
Thus, the light source covers 2$\pi$ azimuth angle.

  Each LED of the source is driven by its own avalanche transistor driver and provides $\sim$
  10$^{12}$ photons per pulse, with $\sim$4\,ns pulse width (FWHM). All LED drivers of
  the source are triggered simultaneously. Since the light source is installed a few meters
  above the ground it can, in principle, illuminate the whole array, given that
  all optical modules of the  array are equipped with appropriate reflectors.

\section{Plans for upgrading}

The Tunka-133 facility will be significantly upgraded until fall 2013. In 2011
we will install additional clusters of optical detectors at large distance
from the center of the array ("distant clusters"). In 2011-2013, we plan to install radio antennas and
scintillation detectors for common operation with Tunka-133.

\subsection{Deployment of six distant clusters.}

 To improve the accuracy of energy
reconstruction for the events with the cores located outside the array
geomentry we plan to install six new clusters
at 1 km radius around the center of Tunka-133 \cite{Texas}. These additional 42
optical detectors will increase the
effective area for $E_0 > 10^{17}$ eV by a factor of 4. The first distant
cluster was deployed in
autumn 2010, the next five will be deployed during summer-autumn 2011.

\subsection{ Net of radio anntenas at Tunka}

 The positive results of common operation of the first SALLA antenna and the
 Tunka-133 array suggest that it would
 be interesting to install a  net of the same type of antennas at Tunka. The principle aim of such
 a radio-array is to show whether radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers allow
 the same precision for cosmic ray measurements as Cherenkov light measurements.
 In particular, the precision of
 the energy and mass determination of primary cosmic-ray particles will be investigated. The determination
 of the precision is a crucial input for the design of the next-geneneration large cosmic-ray
 observatories, since radio measurements are not limited to dark, moonless nights as other calorimetric
 detection techniques, like Cherenkov or fluorescence light measurements.

  In autumn 2011 we plan to install additional 2-3 antennas, further $\sim$20 antennas will be
installed in 2012.

\subsection{Scintillation detectors}

 The deployment of scintillation counters within the Tunka array provides a
 cross-calibration of different methods of air shower parameters reconstruction.

 In 2010, a test variant of a scintillation detector was installed. It can
 operate independently as well as triggered by Tunka-133. The mass production of
 detectors will start at the beginning of 2012. We plan to produce 20 scintillation detectors
 with 10\,m$^2$ area each.
  As alternative possibility, it is under discussion, to move scintillator counters from Karlsruhe to
  Tunka after the shutdown of the KASCADE-Grande array in spring 2012.

Scintillation detectors will be installed with a spacing of 150-170\,m and cover an area of about
1 km$^2$. This will permit to perform a new QUEST-like experiment \cite{cris_06} and to obtain a point of absolute
energy calibration  at  $3\cdot 10^{16} - 10^{17}$\,eV in 2012-2013.

\subsection{HiSCORE station}

The aim of the HiSCORE project \cite{Tlu2009} is to explore the gamma-ray skymap beyond 10
TeV with a future large-area (10-100 km$^2$) wide-angle ($>0$.6 sr) non-imaging cosmic ray and
gamma-ray air shower detector.

HiSCORE is a net of detector stations with 4 PMT-channels equipped with
Winston cones. The station light-collecting area (0.5 m$^2$) will be a factor
16 larger than that of an Tunka optical detector, resulting in a significantly lower
energy threshold. The first such station will be installed in fall 2011 at the Tunka site.
In 2012-2013, a net of such stations (HiSCORE Engineering Array (EA)) will be installed for
common operation with Tunka-133. The aim of the HiSCORE EA is to prove methods of EAS
reconstruction before deployment of a full scale array.

\section{Acknowledgements}
\label{s6}
This work is supported by Russian Federation Ministery of Science and Education
(G/C 16.518.11.7051, 14.740.11.0890, P681), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants
10-02-00222, 11-02-10005, 11-02-0409, 11-02-91332, 11-02-12138). Authors acknowledge J.Oertlin (KIT) for his
 help in the analysis of the radio-data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Ponche (do inglês punch) é o termo usado para definir uma ampla variedade de bebidas, tanto alcoólicas como não alcoólicas, na maior parte das vezes contendo suco de frutas. A bebida surgiu na Índia e foi levada até à Inglaterra no século XVII, quando se popularizou e teve seu consumo expandido a vários outros países. O ponche é tipicamente servido, durante comemorações, em grandes tigelas.

Bebidas com frutas
Pratos servidos em tigelas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Christ Church Fareham partners with many organisations, helping us in our mission to bring hope and share truth in Fareham and the Solent region.
Our Parent Church is ChristCentral Church in Portsmouth. All the members of our Church Planting team are currently members of ChristCentral and we will be sent by them to plant Christ Church Fareham in September. We have many dear friends there.
Commission is a family of churches that is part of the worldwide group of Newfrontiers churches. Commission is led by Guy Miller and his team, with churches in the UK, India, Spain, Portugal and other countries around the world. Commission have a vision to see thousands of lives transformed in hundreds of churches in tens of nations. Commission churches work closely together, supporting one another to plant churches, raise leaders, work with the poor and go to the nations.
Newfrontiers is a group of apostolic leaders who, together with their teams and churches, are united on a global mission by core values and genuine relationship. Together they represent more than 850 churches in over 60 nations, serving many different cities, towns and villages around the world.
Christ Church Fareham is in the process of applying to be a member of The Evangelical Alliance, the largest organisation serving evangelical Christians in the UK. They work across 79 denominations, 3,500 churches, 700 organisations and thousands of individual members.


Two recent films, Deepwater Horizon starring Mark Wahlberg and Sully starring Tom Hanks, represent something of a breath of fresh air. Both movies feature men who are intelligent, virtuous and quietly heroic. If this strikes you as a banal observation, that just means you haven't been following much of the popular culture for the past 20 years.
VATICAN CITY – Catholic and Muslim leaders meeting in Rome said religion can humanize and civilize communities when followers actually adhere to their faith's teachings about loving God and neighbor.
CIUDAD JUAREZ, Mexico - Pope Francis urged society to rethink its ideas of locking up inmates and throwing away the key, calling such an approach another symptom of the "throwaway culture" he often decries and "a symptom of a culture that has stopped supporting life, of a society that has abandoned its children."
Everyone longs to know something that's secret, to know something that others don't know, but that you know, and the knowledge of which gives you some insight and advantage over others who are outside the inner circle of that secret. It has always been so. Historically this is called "Gnosticism," which forever makes an appearance in one form or another.


Elements - restaurang som specialiserar sig på internationell gastronomi och serverar frukost, lunch och middag. Gästerna kan beställa drinkar och umgås vid baren.
Gammalt men rent, dålig service och layout.
Rummet var inte vad man hade tänkt sig. Toaletten var inte i samma rum som dusch och handfat. Toaletten spolade knappt så toalett pappret låg kvar efter man spolat. Rummet storlek var bra och man hade en minikyl som man kunde ha sina egna varor i. Personalen var inte så värst trevliga och det fanns inte alltid personal i receptionen.
It is an expensive hotel that is not worth the price. Everything is clean and in good state, there is a free gym and small swimming pool, but it just feels like it is overpriced. I couldn't find a cheaper place but I would definitely do so, not worth this amount of money.
A boxing event took place in the Hotel with considerable noise till 22:30. The breakfast is overpriced. 5 min walk away is an Italian place that offers a lunchtime buffet with considerably wider choice of food for £5.50.
Checking in ok, pleasant experience. Disappointing to find out there was a parking fee of £10 - website should make it clearer. Room ok, but should always be a sink in with the toilet. Bin hadn't been emptied when arrived. Gym small but was fine. Nice pool. Bar area nice but not particularly cheap.


text:
Dragan Ćurčić (Janjac, Zenica, 1. rujna 1965. – Mostar, 1. prosinca 2019.) bio je zapovjednik HVO-e.

Životopis
Rodio se 1. rujna 1965. u selu Janjcu kod Zenice, BiH. Po zanimanju je profesionalna vojna osoba.
Srednje školovanje imao je u Zagrebu, gdje je pohađao opću srednju vojnu školu od 1980. do 1984. Od 1984. do 1988. pohađao je vojnu akademiju kopnene vojske  (Vojna akademija kopnene vojske JNA), smjer pješaštva. Dvije je godine pohađao opći smjer u Beogradu te je dvije godine specijalizirao pješaštvo u Sarajevu.
Znajući 1990. – 1991. da JNA nije ono kakvom ju se prikazivalo, Ćurčić je odlučio napustiti ju, no nije bilo sigurna načina da ju napusti u Zenici, a nije ni želio bježati u inozemstvo. Preko veza je početkom 1992. napustio JNA te otišao kući, a potom se priključio u Vrgorcu postrojbi Kralj Tomislav, kojom je zapovijedao Mate Šarlija Daidža. Iz te je postrojbe nastala Postrojba za posebne namjene Ludvig Pavlović. Kad je poginuo Božan Šimović, Ćurčić je postao zapovjednikom PPN Ludvig Pavlović. Godine 1994. postao je pomoćnikom načelnika Glavnog stožera HVO-a za obuku i školstvo. Nakon što je potpisan Daytonski sporazum, obnašao je dužnost dozapovjednika Zajedničkog zapovjedništva Vojske Federacije BiH.

Bio je metom pravosudne zloporabe. Protiv njega su vodili kazneni postupak u predmetu Hrvatska samouprava zbog navodnog podrivanja vojne moći Federacije BiH. Istina je izašla na vidjelo i pokazalo se da je optužba klasični primjer pravosudne konstrukcije. Također je jedno vrijeme mu je ime bilo spominjano u skupini generala HVO-a za koje Tužiteljstvo BiH ima spremnu optužnicu zbog navodnih ratnih zločina nad Bošnjacima u Čapljini i Stocu. Kako mu progonitelji nisu mogli naći ni trunčicu koja bi ga mogla ikako povezati inkriminiranim djelima, što je inače bilo i više nego dovoljno u drugim situacijama, optužnica nikad nije podignuta.

Izvori
Razgovor s generalom Draganom Ćurčićem 4. travnja 2006.-

Hrvatski vojni zapovjednici u ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini
Časnici HVO-a
Životopisi, Zenica


THE CHOICE IS YOURS. Keep doing what you have been doing, and keep getting what you have been getting, or take off the blind fold and learn how this business actually works!!! I will see you on this inside. So Grab Your Copy Now.
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How would you like to make money while you sleep? Well once you have your marketing machine set-up that is exactly what you will be doing. This will be where we show you how to set-up and fully automate your marketing machine. The same way I have. From building a massive targeted list of prospects, promoting your products, then running customers through you sales funnel and work on making back end sales with the products you are promoting for other. Then we collect payment and provide world class customer service. This is how I am able to make thousands every month without having to do anymore work- and you are going to find out how I actually make it happen-and how you can do it too!
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There are few things that really make your online business flourish. Email marketing and traffic. Email marketing is so important to your business and no one talks about it. This is your main source of traffic and sales. So we are going to walk you though step by how to make every email you send out turn into heaps of cash. The entire time people will be respecting and admiring you for your advice. Don't worry if you are not an amazing writer, there are only a few simple steps you need to follow to create thousands a month and loyal readership.
The money is in the list. People have been this saying it for years now, and they are brilliant for saying so. One of the biggest keys to my success has been my ability to create a massive and responsive list. The funny thing is that building a list is far easier than most people will have you believe. With one of the list building methods I will show you. You will find out how you can instantly and simply have a list of 2500 hungry buyers. The best part it is that with the copy and paste quick start method all the hard work is done for you, so you can focus on building your very own highly responsive list of buyers just itching for you to send out that next email. This way you can just send out an email and make a couple thousand bucks anytime you would like. Then we will show some simple yet effective ways to drive floods of highly targeted traffic to your offer, and websites to build your list fast and begin the all important relationship building.
OTO 1 List Masteree Bill Hugall Coaching Program is the fast and simple way to do your job. He has put together an easy to follow guide so that you can follow in his footsteps. OTO 1 List Masteree Bill Hugall Coaching Program is The Golden Opportunity To Make Thousands Of Dollars month by month.


A couple of weekends ago, Nina and I drove a good hour to hit up a vegan pop-up brunch at a new-to-us bakery. It was a (pleasantly) hectic end to a productive weekend, and an opportunity to see our dear friend Kathy who has been busy getting not one, but two cookbooks wrapped up for publication this year – it was an Occasion. Specifically, a glitter-encrusted shoes and blue velvet blazer Occasion.
Our friend Christine was there signing people up for the 2013 Vegan Pledge. Naturally, Nina wanted to help out.
This past weekend was also an occasion, a wonderful three-day laze-about-the-house affair. There were board games, hot cocoa, cast iron skillet Chicago style pizzas, and an accidental galette. Apple cinnamon, with a flaky rye-spelt crust. I had every intention of sleeping in that morning, but it was not to be. Instead, Nina found out firsthand what happens when you wake me up before sunrise on an otherwise lazy Sunday; you get to roll out pastry dough.
This dough recipe makes enough for two 9-inch galettes; the filling is for just one.
Sift the dry ingredients into a large bowl, adding back any bits of grain or other ingredients that may remain in the sifter. Cut the butter into 1/2-inch pieces and add them to the dry mixture.
Rub the butter between your fingers, breaking it into smaller bits. Continue rubbing it until the butter is in sizes ranging from peas to hazelnuts. The more quickly you do this, the more the butter will stay solid, which is important for the success of the recipe.
Add the vinegar and 8 tablespoons of ice water to the flour mixture. Working from the outer edge of the flour, mix the ingredients with your hands just to moisten the flour. The dough needs to come together as mostly one lump, with a few shaggy pieces. Squeeze the dough together to see if a ball forms. If it is too dry to come together, add additional ice water 1 tablespoon at a time.
Pile the dough onto a sheet of plastic wrap, sprinkle a few drops of water over the top, wrap tightly, and chill for a minimum of 1 hour or overnight.
Unwrap the dough onto a floured surface. Pat the dough into a square, then use a rolling pin to roll it into a rectangle about 8 1/2 by 11 inches. The dough will be crumbly and rough around the edges, but don't add more flour or water, as it will come together during the rolling.
For the first turn, fold the dough into thirds like a letter. The seam should be on the left side. Turn the dough so that the seam is at the top and parallel to your body.
For the second turn, again roll the dough into an 8 1/2 x 11-inch rectangle and repeat the previous step.
For the third turn, repeat the previous step, then wrap the dough in plastic and chill for 1 hour or up to 3 days before using.
In a deep pot over medium heat, melt the coconut oil. Stir in 1/4 cup of sugar and the cinnamon; continue stirring until the mixture has thickened to syrup consistency, about 4-5 minutes. Add the apples and stir an additional 3-4 minutes. Remove from heat and set aside to cool while you prepare the dough.
Cut the chilled rye dough into two pieces; wrap the piece you will not be using in plastic and return to the refrigerator to chill.
On a lightly floured surface, shape the remaining portion of dough into a rough circle about 15 inches in diameter. Transfer to a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Or, if your dough is being rolled out by a six-year old, perhaps consider rolling it directly on the parchment paper (lightly floured, of course). Transfer the parchment and circle of dough, together, to the baking sheet.
Using a slotted spoon, heap the apple pieces onto the middle of the dough circle. Fold an edge of the dough up toward the center to cover the fruit; about 3 inches of crust should be showing. Continue folding the edge of the dough toward the apples and over, creating folds; lightly pinch to seal as you go. Drizzle the syrup over the apple filling. (Unused syrup is fantastic on steel cut oats or ice cream.) Transfer the galette to the freezer for a minimum of 1 hour. At this point you could wrap the galette well and freeze for up to a month. If making more than one galette at a time, transfer this one to the freezer to chill while you prepare the next one.
At this point, position a rack in the center and preheat oven to 350 F / 180 C.
Once the galette is chilled from the freezer and the oven is hot, brush water around the edge of the dough and sprinkle liberally with the remaining 2 turbinado sugar. Bake for about 50-60 minutes, turning the pan halfway through. The galette is ready when the crust is golden brown. Serve warm from the oven if possible; tastes best eaten the same day it is made.


text:
Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (Berna, Suiza, 1 de noviembre de 1800 - Basilea, 2 de mayo de 1874) fue un botánico y profesor suizo.

Biografía
Natural de Berna, cuando fue bautizado tenía el apellido Meisner pero más tarde lo cambió a Meissner. Estudió en Yverdon y Vevey, aprendiendo francés y alemán. Su padre era profesor de historia natural en Berna. Más tarde asistió a las universidades de Viena, París y Gotinga, donde estudió ciencias naturales y medicina. Recibió el título de doctor en medicina en 1824. En Ginebra en 1825 fue instruido por A.P. de Candolle y, bajo la dirección de este maestro y usando su famosa colección, Meissner hizo sus trabajos en la sistemática del género Polygonum L.

Por más de 40 años fue profesor de botánica en Basilea. Hizo importantes contribuciones a la literatura botánica, publicando su trabajo comprensivo Plantarum Vascularum Genera y monografías de las familias Polygonaceae (especialmente el género Polygonum), Lauraceae, Proteaceae, Thymelaeaceae y Hernandiaceae.

Sus contribuciones a la descripción de la flora de Australia fue prolífica; describió centenares de especies de proteáceas australianas, así como muchas especies australianas de otras familias, especialmente Fabaceae y Myrtaceae.

Su salud se deterioró hacia 1866, por lo que disminuyó su actividad. Falleció en Basilea el 2 de mayo de 1874.

Algunas publicaciones
 1871. Notice sur le Professeur Martius. Reimpreso de Imprimerie de F. Le Blanc-Hardel, 38 pp.

 1870. Die Natur aufgefasst nach ihren Aeusserungen und Ableitung ihres Begriffs

 1840. Synopsis thymelaearum, polygonearum et begoniarum Africae Australis, inprimis a cl. J.J. [i.e. F.] Drège lectarum. Con Jean François Drège. 502 pp.

 1837–1843. Plantarum vascularium genera

 1832. De amphibiorum quorundam papillis glandulisque femoralibus, 30 pp.

 "Proteaceae" cap. en Augustin Pyramus de Candolle 1824-1839 Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis

 1826. Monographiae generis polygoni prodromus. 117 pp.

 1826. [Botanique: observations sur le genre des renouées (Polygonum Linné) : lu à la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, à sa séance du 21 septembre 1826]: 3-12

Honores

Eponimia
Género
 (Melastomataceae) Meisneria DC.

Véase también
 Anexo:Naturalistas y epónimos

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de Suiza del siglo XIX
Alumnado de la Universidad de Gotinga
Profesores de la Universidad de Basilea
Escritores en latín del siglo XIX
Escritores en alemán del siglo XIX
Miembros de la Leopoldina
Personas de Berna

Nacidos en Berna


text:
Q: How can i make global textbox? I work with a lot of page. I calculate some variable other pages and i want write the result other page. How can i make this?
I tried make static textbox but it did not work.
I can make the static variables but i want to static textbox. I want to access to textbox for every page.

A: A possible solution is to use a utility like MVVM light that implements a messenger service. Every page that needs to change to the textbox can send a message with the new contents and the page with the textbox can subscribe to those messages.
It seems like you're coupling data and pages much too tightly. In general your views and your data should be completely separated. If you do your data calculations in totally separate classes it is usually easier to get that data wherever you need it. If you're not using the MVVM pattern you should consider it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In this short story from Times of Trouble, Jon Ryan dreamed of becoming a doctor his entire life. Before he graduates from medical school, the government takes over healthcare, making him wary about the profession he's going to school for, but not enough to quit chasing his dream. He practices medicine as medical plagues and disasters occur, all the while the government says they're on top of things. Eventually, government oppression forces him to make changes to his practice that will affect his life as the End Times approach.
Used every Tea Party buzzword to show only praying Christians are true Americans. Nothing but a steaming load of fear mongering.
I like end time fiction, even if the Orthodox Church doesn't believe in rapture theology.
The book is fast paced and the overall story is well thought out.


text:
Zoopla >
House prices >
Bath & N E Somerset >
Bath >
Duke Street house prices
House prices in Duke Street, Bath BA2
Last 3 months Last 6 months Last 12 months Last 5 years Last 10 years Last 20 years Any property type Detached Semi-detached Terraced Flats
Average price paid £305,000 Sales 2 Current average value £345,488 Zoopla estimate Value change £9,307 ▲ 2.77%
What's the average house price in Duke Street?
The average price for property in Duke Street stood at £345,488 in January 2022. This is a rise of 2.59% in the last three months (since October 2021) and rise of 2.77% since 12 months ago. In terms of property types, flats in Duke Street sold for an average of £345,488 and terraced houses for £599,165. This is according to the current Zoopla estimates.
Sold price period All property records Sales in the last 3 months Sales in the last 6 months Sales in the last 12 months Sales in the last 5 years Sales in the last 10 years Sales in the last 20 years Sold price type Any property type Detached Semi-detached Terraced Flats
3 Duke Street, BA2 4AR
Overpaying on your mortgage? Save today Book an agent valuation
Flat 1, Westbourne House 3-4, Duke Street, BA2 4AR
Last sale - Nov 2005
Flat 1, 3 Duke Street, BA2 4AR
Last sale - Dec 2010
£331k - £404k
Last sale - Sep 2017
Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next
Properties for sale near Duke Street Bath BA2
Properties to rent near Duke Street Bath BA2
More about BA2
Data on sold house prices, such as the results above for Duke Street Bath BA2, is supplied to us via monthly updates from the Land Registry for England and Wales and from the Registers of Scotland for Scotland. There may be a delay of up to 3 months from when a property is actually sold to when it becomes officially recorded with Land Registry and/or Registers of Scotland. We provide data on house prices for information only, on an 'as is' basis as supplied to us and accept no liability for any errors or omissions. If you have identified any incorrect information in, please Report an error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Build-in washing machine and cooker on modern black kitchen Washing-machine in action. Washing-machine in spinning cycle Build-in washing machine and cooker on kitchen. Build-in washing machine and cooker on modern black kitchen Man sitting in front of a washing machine.
LG washing machines are top-quality appliances that come in elegant designs and fit any budget and washing needs, be it delicate or intricate cleaning. Consider the number of clothes, water limitations, dimensions and features like front-load and top-load beside the price while buying washing machines.
Pink old fashioned washing machine :-) so vividly remember my hand going thru the rollers as a 6 yr old child,quite painful! Find this Pin and more on Old Washing Machines by Rhonda Hicken. ours was white & this what I learned to do laundry with.
Designed to be durable, reliable and ready to handle your tough stains, our top-load and front-load washing machines give your laundry an optimal clean. When you buy a washing machine from Maytag, you're getting dependability, power and performance you can count on.
To find the most reliable washing machines, Consumer Reports asked more than 67,000 subscribers about their experiences with washing machines bought new between 2008 and 2016.
Antique washing machine. New England Antique washing machine, New England Antique Washing Machine. A vintage washing machine from the mid 1940`s Antique Washing Machine. Laundry machine to make housekeeping easier in the early 1900`s.
3,214 Front load washing machine stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. ... Set of three modern washing machines in metallic color. Closed, half open and open washing machine. 3d illustration Washing Machine Isolated on White. Front View of Stainless Steel Washer Machine.
Over 26,596 Washing machines pictures to choose from, with no signup needed. Download in under 30 seconds. Washing machines Stock Photos and Images. 26,596 Washing machines pictures and royalty free photography available to search from thousands of stock photographers.
Unfortunately, this washing machine isn't very gentle on fabrics, and it doesn't remove stains as well as front-loading machines, but it's relatively quiet, and it's quite affordable considering its wide feature set.


Posted June 1st, 2013 by cconnections & filed under Marketing & Communication, projects, Projects & Programs.
The current business and community directory was three years out of date. The objective of the project was to update and extend the current directory to create a new directory which can be reproduced, as well as a web-friendly version which will be put up on the Mainstreet Newspaper, Community Connections, Kootenay Lake Chamber of Commerce websites, and others where requested. Nearly two hundred businesses and one hundred and fifty community service organizations were contacted and asked to verify their contact information.


Have you ever logged into your online banking portal only to wonder why there are two separate, and often differing, balances listed within your various bank accounts? You may have pondered over why you have a 'current' and 'available' balance listed there; aren't they the same thing?
The simple answer is no, they most certainly aren't the same thing, and if the two balances don't reflect the same value, you should be aware of what that means and the implications thereof.
What is a Current balance?
Your current balance is the sum of money that you have in your account at the start of the current business day and doesn't reflect any pending payments, deposits, withdrawals or other uncleared transactions.
Your available balance, on the other hand, is your current balance minus pending payments, withdrawals, debit orders, deposits or anything else that may not have cleared as yet.
Based on these definitions, we can see that although the difference is quite subtle, these balances are not the same thing. It will usually be the case that your current balance is higher than your available balance and this can stress some people out, as they wonder where the discrepancy is coming from.
Let's say you treat yourself to lunch at your local café, you deserve it after all! You have a fantastic meal and before leaving the waiter brings you a point-of-sale card machine, and you pay your bill of R150,00 using your debit card. Now this amount will immediately be 'reserved' from your available pool of funds in your cheque account until it has been cleared and approved. So if you had R10,000 in your cheque account, your current balance would remain unchanged at R10,000, but your available balance will reflect your original funds (current balance) minus the pending payment amount and show your available balance as R9,850.
How often said transactions are processed, etc.
But once the payment is fully approved and cleared, your current and available balance will once again level out and reflect your new balance of R9,850.
Once you understand this simple logic, it actually makes a lot of sense and can help you keep control of your spending. It's a good idea to always use your available balance, rather than your current balance as the true indication of your available funds to ensure you're not spending more than you have.


text:
Q: Widget XML Android - Need diff dimensions in appwidgetprovider I have a device that is not displaying my widget properly...it is rendering the minWidth and minHeight in the xml to be a 3x2 and I need it to be a 4x2.  Is there a way to programmatically set these dimensions if a device meets specific dimensions?  It is an MDPI tablet with resolution of 1024 x 720, 160 DPI.
This works on all other devices in my xml (renders as 4x2):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<appwidget-provider xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:minWidth="294dp"
    android:minHeight="146dp"
    android:initialLayout="@layout/widget_loading_layout"
    android:previewImage="@drawable/widget_preview"
    android:updatePeriodMillis="1800000"
    android:resizeMode="horizontal|vertical"
    android:configure="com.accuweather.android.tablet.widget.WidgetConfigurationActivity"
    />

This works on the abnormal device(renders as 4x2):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<appwidget-provider xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:minWidth="368dp"
    android:minHeight="146dp"
    android:initialLayout="@layout/widget_loading_layout"
    android:previewImage="@drawable/widget_preview"
    android:updatePeriodMillis="1800000"
    android:resizeMode="horizontal|vertical"
    android:configure="com.accuweather.android.tablet.widget.WidgetConfigurationActivity"
    />

A: One solution is to create another xml folder named: "xml-w1280dp" and in it I have my "normal" rendering code minWidth=294.  This is a nightmare though because it would seem that this is device specific problem...a device should see my xml and know that it is a 4x2 widget, not change it to a 3x2.  The OEM needs to get on board!


text:
Edwin Diergaarde (12 augustus 1968) is een radio-dj. Sinds de zomer van 2015 is hij bij diverse programma's op Radio 10 te horen en voorheen op Radio Veronica, NPO 3FM en NPO Radio 2 bij TROS en AVROTROS.

Loopbaan
Diergaarde begon zijn loopbaan bij verschillende lokale radiostations; onder meer X-tra 108 in Amsterdam, Midstad FM in Utrecht en het commerciële Power FM, tot hij vanaf zaterdag 7 november 1992 bij Veronica op Radio 3 ging werken. Hij presenteerde er o.a. Goud van Oud, In 1998 maakte Diergaarde de overstap van het inmiddels commerciële Veronica naar de TROS, waar hij programma's ging maken op NPO 3FM en NPO Radio 2. Voor de TROS maakte hij tevens het weekendprogramma DierOpDrie op 3FM, op zaterdag en zondag tussen 10.00 en 12.00 uur, alvorens hij hiermee in februari 2009 zou stoppen. Tot augustus 2009 presenteerde Diergaarde op Radio 2 op zaterdagavond tussen 18.00 en 20.00 uur het programma NL, rondom het Nederlandstalige lied. Zijn laatste programma bij Radio 2 presenteerde hij op zaterdagavond tussen 22.00 en 00.00; The Best of 2night. Daarnaast was hij de vaste vervanger van Daniel Dekkers Radio 2-programma Gouden Uren. Naast zijn werk als radio-dj was Edwin Diergaarde tot zijn vertrek bij 3FM de mannelijke station-voice van die zender. Ook was zijn stem regelmatig te horen in radio- en televisiecommercials en diverse televisieprogramma's. Hij is de vaste voice-over van het AVROTROS-programma Ik vertrek.

In juni 2015 nam Diergaarde afscheid van NPO Radio 2 en maakte hij de overstap naar de commerciële omroep. Op Radio Decibel presenteerde hij elke werkdag tussen 10.00 en 12.00 Dier op Decibel en op vrijdagavond Ministry of Beats. Van 16 november 2015 tot en met 2018 presenteerde Diergaarde een dagelijks programma van 10:00 tot 13:00 uur op Radio 10, sinds juli 2018 is dat tussen 13:00 en 16:00 uur.

Trivia
 In 2005 speelde Diergaarde een gastrolletje in de jeugdserie, TopStars in aflevering 42 en in aflevering 44 van seizoen 1 als Radiopresentator Timo van Radio Groove.

Externe links
 Persoonlijke website
 Site van Ministry of Beats

Bronnen

Nederlands radio-dj
Nederlands radiopresentator


text:
George Ticknor to Thomas Jefferson, May 27, 1819
ticknor
george ticknor
the thomas jefferson papers at the library of congress series 1 general correspondence 1651 1827
thomas jefferson papers 1606 1827
http://www.loc.gov/
Explore: george ticknor
George Ticknor to Thomas Jefferson, February 10, 1820
George Ticknor to Thomas Jefferson, April 23, 1816
George Ticknor to Thomas Jefferson, December 25, 1823
Thomas Jefferson to George Ticknor, June 6, 1817
George Ticknor to Thomas Jefferson, August 10, 1818
Thomas Jefferson to George Ticknor, April 7, 1825
Explore: ticknor
Thomas Jefferson to Elisha Ticknor, February 14, 1818
Ticknor, [William D.], ALS to. Feb. 10, 1860.
Explore: 1819
Antoine Louis Claude Destutt de Tracy to Thomas Jefferson, March 10, 1819, in French
American domestic cookery, formed on principles of economy, for the use of private families.
John Brown to Andrew Jackson, September 25, 1819
James Johnson to Richard Mentor Johnson, September 20, 1819
Précis historique de la révolution de Saint-Domingue. Réfutation de certains ouvrages publiés sur les causes de cette révolution. De l'état actuel de cette colonie, et de la n'ecessité d'en recouvrer la possession.
Return Jonathan Meigs to Path Killer, August 7, 1819
Proceedings of General Court Martial of Beard, Senter, and Daniel Riddle, at Traders Hill Army Headquarters. September 24, 1819
The emigrant's directory to the western states of North America; including a voyage out from Liverpool; the geography and topography of the whole western country, according to its latest improvemtnes; with instructions for descending the rivers Ohio and Mississippi; also, a brief account of a new British settlement on the headwaters of the Susquehanna, in Philadelphia [!]
Isaac H. Tiffany to Thomas Jefferson, March 18, 1819


text:
Crepidium kerintjiense är en orkidéart som först beskrevs av Johannes Jacobus Smith, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Dariusz Lucjan Szlachetko. Crepidium kerintjiense ingår i släktet Crepidium, och familjen orkidéer.

Artens utbredningsområde är Sumatera. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Orkidéer
kerintjiense


Our range of wardrobes and storage is a perfect choice to complement our cot bed ranges. Whether you are looking for traditional or modern design all are crafted to the highest standards. Our wardrobes are designed and built to last and are now modeled to a standard adult size.


Gov. John Hickenlooper says President Trump has not asked him to send Colorado National Guard Troops to the U.S.-Mexico border.
The Trump administration wants 4,000 troops along the U.S.-Mexico line to fight drug trafficking and illegal immigration, as NPR reported. All four border states have agreed to send National Guard troops to the southern border, based on the president's request.
Gov. Jerry Brown of California specified that troops from his state will not enforce immigration laws or build a border wall.
"Let's be crystal clear on the scope of this mission," Brown wrote in the letter to Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, as reported by NPR. "This will not be a mission to build a new wall. It will not be a mission to round up women and children or detain people escaping violence and seeking a better life. And the California National Guard will not be enforcing federal immigration laws."
Hickenlooper said he won't discuss similar restrictions before there's a request from the president.


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Despite having the advantage made use of for developing choose in listing as well as additionally connect marketing and advertising, among one of the most required element to think of is strategies to preserve the interest of the customer. Remember, it is equally as uncomplicated for a customer to safeguard of the listing as it was to choose right into the list.
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Zhou Xun is a Chinese actress and singer who rose to international fame for her roles in Lou Ye's Suzhou River in 2000 and Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress in 2002. In addition to acting, she has also released solo albums in 2003 titled "Summer" and in 2005 "Come Across", and sang for "Baober In Love," "Xin Bian Guo Le Xi San Meng You Xian Jing," and "Perhaps Love" motion picture soundtracks.
*She is regarded as one of the Four Dan Actresses of China.
*She has been married to American actor Archie Kao since 2014.
*She has been Chanel's Brand Ambassador since 2011.


Adjacent an old and ancient castle in California is an abandoned house owned by Jim Moore. He regularly contemplates burning it down but finds that he can't. Moore grew up in that house and knows everything about it. He's owned it since his parents died. He has made a successful enough life at the house with farmstock and such that he regularly visits the bar in Monterey every Saturday. He marries a Slav woman, named Jelka whose father encourages him at the wedding to make sure he properly beats Jelka to keep her in line. Moore is put off by this advice and proceeds to enjoy his life with his new wife. Moore becomes frustrated with Jelka because though she is attentive to all of his needs, she does engage him or ever really talk to him. She is docile and passive in this regard. The lack of connection sends Jim back to his regular trips to bar and visiting with the women there. On one Saturday night as he ventures into town, he encounters a neighbor who mentions that he found a dead cattle in the corner of Moore's property that had been clearly killed by human hands. Moore sets out to explore his territory and eventually ends up back at his house wherein he finds Jelka in bed with her cousin. He promptly shoots the man. The local deputy sheriff arrives the next day and they discuss the issue. Though Jim will be officially charged, he will not need to be brought in and he will be exonerated. Before leaving, the deputy implores Moore to go easy on Jelka. He takes Jelka into the barn and whips her. When they come out, Moore tells her that he hurt her as bad as he could without killing her. She asks if he's hungry and she goes to make breakfast. After breakfast, he explains that they will go to town and get new lumber to build a new house.
The layering of this story with the idea of a castle, the need for a new space, and the various ideas of property and ownership were well constructed. However, the idea of property and ownership within this story were problematic, given that the protagonist is legally free to kill a man and nearly kill his wife. I would love to see a more complicated meaning here that provides more criticism of Jim but the biggest commentary appears to be to take proper care of his property and that is just not really a message I can appreciate in any way given who is considered property.