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Usain Bolt and Justin Gatlin; 100m and 200m
In the previous two posts I compared Usain Bolt and Carl Lewis as 100m and 200m sprinters. For that comparison I used as a source a website with all time best performances in track and field (maintained by Peter Larsson). I will use the same source to make a more relevant comparison nowadays: Usain Bolt and Justlin Gatlin, both in 100m and 200m.
Best ever ~800 100m times, focus on Usain Bolt and Justin Gatlin.
You can see in both graphics why there was so much attention in the races of this summer Beijing World Championship and expectation with the possibility of Bolt being defeated by Gatlin. 2014 wasn't a good year for Bolt due to injuries. Gatlin ran more often and faster that year. The year of 2015 had started in the same way, with Gatlin running more often and faster, to the point of beating his personal bests in both 100m and 200m (twice).
The best 5 times in 100m of the year belong to Gatlin, yet the 6th best time made Bolt the World Champion.
Of the best 4 times in 200m of the year, 3 belong to Gatlin, yet the Bolt managed the best time (better than Gatlin's personal best) on the final and that made Bolt the World Champion.
Note: the times included here exclude wind-aided races and times excluded due to doping.
Filed under Sports
Tagged as athletics, Beijing, Justin Gatlin, Peter Larsson, records, running, sports, Usain Bolt, World Championship
200m: Usain Bolt and Carl Lewis
Usain Bolt has recently won the gold medal in the 200m of Beijing Athletics World Championships, with a time of 19.55″, that is the 10th best ever time.
In the previous two posts, I wanted to highlight the size of the figure of Carl Lewis as a long jump athlete (here) and to compare both Usain Bolt and Carl Lewis as 100m sprinters (here). I want to recap here the following two graphics:
Best ever ~180 long jumps, focus on Carl Lewis.
Best ever ~800 100m times, focus on Carl Lewis and Usain Bolt.
Recall the following lines from those two posts, on the long jump:
Now, in 2015, 18 years later, of the best 184 long jumps ever (all those at or above 8.50m), 55 of those jumps (a 30%) correspond to Carl Lewis. I let you to qualify the feat.
The runs (100m and 200m) Carl Lewis did in the 80s would probably not win him any gold medal today; his jumps would still win him almost everygold medal today.
On the dash 100m:
[…] on all the times a runner has *ever* finished the 100m below 9″90, 187 times. Of those,
32 times correspond to Usain Bolt (17%), and
just 1 to Carl Lewis.
In this post, I want to compare Usain Bolt and Carl Lewis as 200m sprinters. I will use as a source again the website with all time best performances in track and field (maintained by Peter Larsson).
In the previous graph you can notice that times in the 200m have significantly improved since the 80s and 90s. Usain Bolt is today way faster than Carl Lewis was in the 80s.
If we want to focus not on the best ~950 times, but in a similar amount of marks as in the long jump and the 100m above, we can just focus on all the times a runner has *ever* finished the 200m below 19.95, 190 times. Of those,
just 7 to Carl Lewis (4%).
Compare that 14% of best times of Usain Bolt in the 200m with the 17% in the 100m. Despite his telling that the 200m is his preferred distance, his dominance of the 100m has been even greater. Anyway, compare that to the 30% of long jumps today (while he retired 18 years ago) of best long jumps of Carl Lewis.
In relation to Lewis, he retains 7 of the best 190 200m times (4%) while only 1 of the best 184 100m times… who would have suspected that? We tend to remember Lewis as more of a 100m sprinter and Bolt more of a 200m…
… and it seems that Lewis was first a jumper, then a 200m sprinter (despite of never holding the world record of any of those) and then a 100m sprinter. Whereas it seems that Bolt is a more distinguished 100m sprinter despite of what he likes best.
Tagged as 200m, athletics, Carl Lewis, Peter Larsson, running, Usain Bolt
Usain Bolt has recently won the gold medal in the 100m of Beijing Athletics World Championships, with a time of 9″79, that is the 34th best ever time.
In the previous post, I wanted to highlight the size of the figure of Carl Lewis as an athlete, but a long jump athlete. I want to recap here the following graphic:
Recall the following lines from that post:
The runs (100m and 200m) Carl Lewis did in the 80s would probably not win him any gold medal today; his jumps would still win him almost every gold medal today.
In the previous graph you can notice that times in the 100m have significantly improved since the 80s. Usain Bolt is today way faster than Carl Lewis was in the 80s.
If we want to focus not on the best ~800 times, but in a similar amount of marks as in the long jump above, we can just focus on all the times a runner has *ever* finished the 100m below 9″90, 187 times. Of those,
Compare that 17% of best times of Usain Bolt today (while he is running) with the 30% today (while he retired 18 years ago) of best long jumps of Carl Lewis. That speaks about the size of the figure of Bolt as a sprinter but, again, speaks a great deal about the figure of Lewis as a jumper and also about the different evolution of both events.
Tagged as 100m, athletics, Carl Lewis, long jump, Peter Larsson, running, sprinter, Usain Bolt
Carl Lewis, the jumper
I read earlier today an article claiming that Usain Bolt might be the best athlete ever (here, in Spanish). I do not want to dispute that with this post; by the number of olympic and world championship medals he has won and the records he has set, he might be so. However, in that article the author compared Usain Bolt (the runner) with Carl Lewis the runner. However, it happens that Carl Lewis was much more than a runner, he was a long jumper. In this blog post I just want to put into perspective the size of Carl Lewis as a jumper.
I will again base the analysis on the following terrific website with all time best performances in track and field (maintained by Peter Larsson (1)). In the following two graphics you can see the best ~2200 and the best ~180 long jumps *ever*. The red dots correspond to Carl Lewis' jumps.
Best ever ~2200 long jumps, focus on Carl Lewis.
Carl Lewis retired in 1997. His last great competition was the Olympic Games of Atlanta in 1996 (where, by the way, he collected a gold medal with a 8.50m jump at age 35).
That was Carl Lewis the jumper.
Finally, after having highlighted the talent of Carl Lewis as a jumper, I wanted to recall that several times along the past years we have read news indicating that Usain Bolt was going to venture into either long jump (here) or 400m (here), he hasn't done so far (not in big events, at least). This is not a criticism. Without a doubt, he is the best sprinter ever. However, athletics is much more than sprinting… (2)
(1) I already used this magnificent source when I analyzed Rotterdam marathon times, here.
(2) Personally, I would always pick a marathoner ;-).
Edit [28/08/2015]
(3) I believe it would be interesting to share the World Championship long jump competition of 1991, when Mike Powell managed to set a new long jump world record (8.95m), 22 years after Bob Beamon had set the previous one in Mexico DF (8.90). Find the explanation from the Wikipedia here. Despite of losing it, Carl Lewis managed the following four jumps in that competition: 8.91 (wind aided, therefore it doesn't count for world record and best ever jumps), 8.87, 8.84, 8.68 and 8.56. The first 3 jumps would have won *any* competition in history except 3, including the two world records referred. Unluckily for Lewis, these jumps got him only a silver medal.
(4) Better still, see it here:
Tagged as athletics, Carl Lewis, long jump, Peter Larsson, running, sprinter, track and field, Usain Bolt
Wide-body mix in 17 years of Boeing CMOs
Two years ago, I wrote a post showing the puzzling change in Boeing's predicted mix of twin-aisle sales, between small and medium wide-bodies ("Wide-body mix in 15 years of Boeing CMOs") (1). A few days ago I wrote a post about the publishing by Boeing of its Current Market Outlook for 2015-2034. As I noted in that post, this year's CMO is consistent with last year's figures, i.e., the larger share of the forecasted market corresponds to small wide-bodies (787s from Boeing's perspective). Recall the numbers:
small wide-bodies: 4,500 a/c in CMO2015 (passenger aircraft only),
medium wide-bodies: 2,990 a/c in CMO2015 (same figure as in CMO2014).
In the sub-segment of the medium wide-bodies passenger aircraft figures for have remained constant and there is a slight increase in freighters (60 a/c); whereas for small wide-bodies the main increase is seen in the passenger aircraft (+230 a/c).
Since I keep a collection of CMOs from many years, I will include again a comparison going 17 years back…
Twin-aisle mix distribution (Boeing CMO 1998-2015, includes both passenger and freighter aircraft).
Seeing at the graphic, made using Boeing's forecasts' figures:
During the first 5 years (1998-2003) the trends are quite constant, seeing medium wide-bodies a slightly higher demand.
From 2003 to 2007, the mix is reverted, possibly to favour the launch of the 787.
In 2008 the CMO did not provide the split.
From 2009 to 2013, you can see that both trends in the forecasts are erratic… why? Only Boeing knows. (2)
From 2013 to 2015, it seems that the trends are stabilized again in a higher demand for 787-size aircraft.
(1) Last year, I made an update of that post with the consolidated view of the last 16 years, find it here.
(2) A speculation: a Boeing-internal need to sell the concept of the 777X?
Filed under Aerospace & Defence
Tagged as 777, 787, aircraft, aircraft market, Boeing, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, CMO, commercial aircraft market, Current Market Outlook, forecast, wide-body
Review of Boeing Current Market Outlook 2015
Just ahead of Paris air show, Boeing Commercial published its yearly update of the Current Market Outlook (CMO) for the next 20 years of commercial aircraft market (2015-2034).
I have just compared the figures for passenger aircraft of the last two years' CMOs:
CMO 2015 vs 2014 comparison.
Some comments to it:
You can see that the total number of new aircraft delivered has slightly increased from 35,930 to 37,130, a 3.3%, which is consistent with the 4.9% traffic increase (1) that Boeing predicts (2).
The volume (Bn$) increases by a larger percentage, 6% (320Bn$)… this is due mainly to the increase in:
single-aisle aircraft expected sales in volume (8%, +210Bn$) and aircraft (+210), and
small wide-body segment with 230 more aircraft (+5%) and an increase in volume of 100Bn$ (+9%).
Two years ago, I wrote about a sudden change between CMO 2013 and CMO 2012 of the mix in wide-bodies; in this respect, CMO 2015 is consistent with last year's one, showing simply a slight increase in demand for both sub-segments.
Interesting to note how Boeing continues to downplay the large aircraft segment (-16% in terms of number of aircraft) at the moment when a A380neo is discussed.
This year study's figures and presentation focus on single-aisle (737 MAX, "fuelling forecast") and small wide-bodies (787, "re-shaping long-haul marketplace"), the products to be pushed by the sales force.
Find below the nice infographic [PDF, 2.1MB] that the guys from Boeing have put up together:
Boeing Commercial Aviation Market Forecast 2015-2034 infographic.
As always, I recommend going through the CMO, as you can learn a lot about the business: from global numbers, to growth, traffic figures, fleet distributions, forecasts, etc… You may find the presentation [PDF, 3.8 MB], a file [XLS, 0.6 MB] with all the data or the full CMO report [PDF, 6.5MB].
For a comparison between this CMO and the respective Airbus' GMF we will have to wait until after the summer, when Airbus publishes its update. Until then, find here the comparison based on 2014 market studies.
This year together with the CMO, Boeing provides two interesting papers from a couple of years ago: "Key Findings on Airplane Economic Life" [PDF, 0.3MB, dating from August 2013] and "A Discussion of the Capacity Supply -Demand Balance within the Global Commercial Air Transport Industry" [PDF, 0.6MB, dating from August 2013].
(1) Traffic increased measured in RPKS (revenue passenger kilometers) in billions.
(2) These two ratios, 3.3% fleet demand and 4.9% traffic growth, point to an implicit increase in the average size of the aircraft in fleet and / or a higher utilization of the aircraft (higher availability).
(3) Find the reviews I wrote comparing 2014 CMO with 2013 CMO and 2013 CMO with 2012 CMO.
Tagged as aircraft, aircraft market, Boeing, CMO, Current Market Outlook, forecast, Randy Tinseth
Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Enola Gay & Bockscar, Little Boy & Fat Man… National Museum of the Air Force
Today, August 6th, in 1945 the Boeing B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay" dropped over Hiroshima (Japan) the first nuclear bomb, "Little Boy", used in combat. I guess you have had the chance to read about it in several places along the day. A couple of years ago I wrote a post about that story touching it from different points of view that I had experienced in the previous years: Hiroshima Peace Site, Manhattan Project, Einstein's "The World as I see it", Genbaku Dome, Sadako Sasaki's origami, the "Enola Gay", Enola Gay's Navigator's Log replica at Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson…
… last November, we visited the National Museum of the Air Force (1) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. That museum enables the visitor to get more close-up experiences to the story of that August 6th of 1945.
As several other aerospace museums it counts with its own B-29 Superfortress… however, if the Enola Gay is displayed at National Air & Space Museum at Dulles, this one displayed at the National Museum of the Air Force (Dayton) is "Bockscar", the aircraft which dropped the "Fat Man" atomic bomb on Nagasaki on Aug. 9, 1945, three days after the atomic attack against Hiroshima. You can read about Bockscar in the site of the museum, here.
Bockscar, the B-29 which dropped "Fat Man" atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.
At Pima Air and Space Museum (Tucson) you could see a replica of Little Boy, however at National Museum of the Air Force (Dayton) they have in display a full size (a 4.4 tonnes, 3m-long bomb) replica of it:
Full size replica of atomic bomb Little Boy, launched over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.
Seeing the bomber B-29 Superfortress from up close is impressive, even more if they are either the Enola Gay or Bockscar, but a completely different experience is going inside the cabin of a B-29. At the National Museum of the Air Force (Dayton) they have at the exhibit dedicated to the Korean War a B-29 walk-through fuselage in display. See here its virtual tour.
B-29 fuselage.
See below some of the pictures we took of the inside:
My brother Jaime in the cockpit of a B-29.
Flight engineer's panel of a B-29.
Bomb bay of a B-29.
My brother Jaime walking down the bomb bay of a B-29.
Actually, you can get very close to experiencing that by going to the virtual tour at the National Museum of the Air Force (Dayton), where you can go through all sections of the bomber B-29 Superfortress Bockscar. Find the link here.
B-29 Superfortress Bockscar virtual tour.
Finally, see a map displaying US Army Air Forces operations in the Pacific at the time:
Map of US Air Force Pacific operations.
(1) I haven't yet written a post about that museum in this blog but my brother Jaime has, find it here; a superb piece of aeronautics information.
Tagged as atomic bomb, B-29 Superfortress, Bockscar, Boeing, Dayton, Einstein, Enola Gay, Fat Man, Hiroshima, Little Boy, Manhattan Project, Nagasaki, National Air & Space Museum, National Museum of the Air Force, nuclear bomb, Ohio, Pima Air and Space Museum, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Switching jobs to A330neo programme
About four and half-year ago I announced in this blog that I was coming to work to France. I will use this communication channel again to inform those of you who don't know it, that about a month ago I switched jobs within Airbus Group: I moved from Airbus Defence and Space A400M programme to Airbus Commercial A330neo programme.
Let me share a couple of pictures to depict the move:
A330neo artistic image.
A400M at ILA Berlin airshow in 2012.
Change of lanyards and key chains… a basic integration exercise…
I will nevertheless keep a close eye in A400M, a programme where I spent the last 5 years working on it…
My first flight on-board the A400M.
Tagged as A330neo, A400M, job
La corrida pedestre de Toulouse (2015)
About a month ago, on the evening of July 3rd, it took place the XVI edition of the "Corrida Pedestre de Toulouse", arguably the most popular race in the region with a participation of about 5,000 runners among the two distances, 3 and 10km (4,089 finishers in the 10km).
In the previous post I stressed how satisfying the experience is of running a race end to end in the company of friends. In the case of this race, I was lucky enough to have my friend Jose visiting us in Toulouse (being an aerospace professor, he made a study trip to Airbus during those days). Thus, we subscribed together to the race and we ran it again end to end together (1).
The Corrida is always a nice run as it goes through all the main streets of Toulouse. This year the organization had announced a revised circuit which had been measured again (2). Strangely enough during the race itself the circuit was also different to what had been announced! [PDF, 782KB] See it below:
Announced circuit for the 2015 edition.
Real circuit we followed (note the difference in the second loop).
But the essence of the race is kept: very good atmosphere in Capitole square both before and after the race, the chance of running through the main streets of downtown Toulouse (Alsace Lorrain, Saint-Rome, Metz, Quai de Tunis, Pont Neuf, Pont Saint Pierre…) emptied of cars for the occasion.
My friend Jose and I finished in the 534th and 535th positions in ~46'19" (that is among the first 13% runners; though that is aided by the amount of casual runners who take to the streets on this day). That is about 3 minutes slower than it took me last year.
Jose and I running the last metres (right side of the photo).
Within Airbus, we also arranged a team of above 30 runners to take part in the race, with the result of winning the companies challenge with accumulated time among our first 5 runners of 3h20'27"!
(1) To be honest, I lost him at the km 7 when he took some 10 metres of advantage that extended to some 50m by the 9th kilometre, but he then waited for me so we effectively completed the last stretch together again.
(2) In the previous years there had been complaints that the circuit was shorter than 10km. That had also been my experience (9.63km).
Filed under France, Sports
Tagged as La corrida pedestre de Toulouse, running, Toulouse


Setting up your site to run regular WordPress Backups will take you a few minutes of work, but it can save you a ton of trouble.
Many WordPress users learnt this the hard way. One day their site goes down, and what seemed like a temporary glitch, turns out to be an all-out data loss situation.
Since it is now so easy to backup your website, there is no reason why you shouldn't. But why are WordPress backups so important? Do not web hosting companies swear to take care of this?
Why Should You Run Regular WordPress Backups?
There is a long list of things that could bring down your website. Data loss in your webhost, a malware infection, your files getting hacked, etc. Sometimes, you may even install a plugin or theme that takes down your site.
Many web hosts promise data backups. But we (and many others) have found you cannot fully rely on these. Even when they do keep backups, it is jumbled up with the data of several other websites.
In many cases, when you do a restore from webhost backups, you still loose weeks or even months of work. And even then, you should be happy you were able to do some restore. There have been cases where a website gets lost and no one could do anything to get it back. Not the webhost, not the site owner.
Since it is now so easy to run regular WordPress backups, it makes sense to secure all the effort you put into creating your website by running regular WordPress backups and storing them away from your server.
There are many who still prefer a manual backup process, where you download your site files and database into your computer from time to time.
At Fixrunner, we prefer automated backups. This way, you can use a plugin to run backups of your files and database according to a schedule you set.
In this guide, we will show you how to use the UpdraftPlus plugin (which we highly recommend) to run automated backups to a remote location.
We will also show how to perform manual WordPress backups to your computer, for those who prefer this option.
Your WordPress website is made up two major parts – your files, which include your themes, plugins, uploads, etc; and your database, which is used to store posts, pages, comments, users, etc.
Using the UpdraftPlus backup plugin.
Manually backing up files and database to your computer.
Using UpdraftPlus, you can easily backup your site to remote locations such as Google Drive, Dropbox, Amazon S3, etc.
The free version comes with ample features to help you run WordPress backups. You would only need the paid version if you need special features like encryption.
UpdraftPlus creates backups of the files in your wp-content folder, which is the only folder you really need to backup. This folder contains your themes, plugins, uploads, and other files unique to your website. The other folders contain WordPress core files which you can always download from WordPress.org.
UpdraftPlus can be set to automatically backup your site according to a schedule, or you can directly run a backup using the interface.
In this section, we will show you how to set UpdraftPlus to backup your Website to Google Drive once every week. Depending on how busy your site is, you may decide that backups should run more often. For example, if your site gets 20 new posts daily, you may choose to set the backup to run once every day.
For someone who adds two posts per month, setting the schedule to monthly might just be good enough.
First, you need to install the UpdraftPlus plugin.
To do this, login to your WordPress dashboard and go to Plugins > Add New.
Search for UpdraftPlus and click Install Now.
Next, go to Settings > UpdraftPlus Backups.
Set the "Files" and "Database" backup schedule to weekly, and leave the number of backups retained set to 2.
Scroll down to the "Choose your remote storage" section and click on Google Drive. When it expands the Google Drive options, right-click on "Follow this link to your Google API console…" and select "Open in new tab".
Next, click on the My Project dropdown and click the plus button to create a new project.
Click on the My Project dropdown and click the project you just created.
Click Enable API at the top of the screen. When the API library opens, click Drive API.
To use the API you just enabled, you have to create credentials for it. These credentials are the actual information used to connect UpdraftPlus to Google drive.
To start this step, click on the Credentials tab on the left, click the Create Credential dropdown, and select "Help me choose".
Next, enter a name you choose for your Oauth client. Under "Authorized Javasript origins", enter the url of the site you want to backup with updraft.
To get your authorized redirect URI, switch to the tab where UpdraftPlus is open. You would find this in the Google Drive section. Copy this URI and paste it in your credential setup page.
After pasting the redirect URI, click Create client ID.
In the next step, enter a product name and click Continue.
Click Done to complete creation of your credential. You will be taken to a page listing your credentials.
Click on the credential you just created to reveal your "Client ID" and "Client Secret".
Copy the Client ID into the "Google Drive Client ID" input box in your Updraft Settings, and copy the Client secret into the "Google Drive Client Secret" input box.
Scroll to the bottom of the page, check the box to enable email notifications, and click Save Changes.
You would be prompted to authenticate Google Drive. Click on the authentication link.
If you are taken to Google login page, select the account you set up your credential with. Next, click Allow to authenticate UpdraftPlus.
After authenticating, you would be taken back to the plugin page and an authentication success message will be seen at the top of the screen. Also, your first backup would begin automatically.
And that's it. You've successfully set UpdraftPlus to backup your WordPress files and database once every week.
A note about authentication: In some cases, when you try to authenticate, you get an error message like the one below.
To resolve this, click the Learn More link. In the next page, scroll to the "Apps for testing or personal use only" section and click the "Risky Access Permission By Unreviewed Apps" link. Lastly, click Join Group.
You can now go on to authenticate UpdraftPlus to use Google Drive.
Beyond setting up a backup schedule, you may sometimes need to run a one-time backup of your site. For example, this would be necessary if you are about to make changes to your site that can break it.
Leave all items selected to backup everything in your wp-content folder and your database, and click Backup Now.
If you however decide to make changes to what is backed up, note that you can expand each section by clicking the dotted lines.
After, clicking Backup Now, you would see a backup progress report indicating the backup has started. Depending on the size of your website, this might take a while.
When the backup completes, you would see a message in the "Last log report" like the one below.
That's it. Your backup is complete!
Another way to backup your WordPress files and database is by storing them locally either in your computer, or in other physical media like an external hard disk, or a DVD.
To use this method, you would need to download your WordPress files and export your database.
As we already mentioned above, the main folder you would need to download is your wp-content folder. All other folders can simply be re-downloaded from WordPress.org.
However, you may also choose to download your wp-config file, especially if you have made many custom changes to this file.
To download and backup your files using this method, you would need to connect to your web server using FTP. Read this guide to learn how.
After connecting to your server using FileZilla as explained in the guide, your website files will be displayed on the bottom right, while your computer files will be displayed on the bottom left.
In the computer files area, double click Desktop to open the desktop folder. This is so you can easily find the folder we are going to download into your desktop.
In the website files area, search for the folder that contains your WordPress files (usually the "public_html" folder) and double click to open it.
Next, search for the "wp-content" folder, right-click on it, and click download.
Depending on the size of your website, the download may take a while. Wait for it to complete.
When the download it completes, look at the transfer count section in the bottom left.
If the download was successful, "Queued files" should be empty, "Failed transfers" should be empty, and "Successful transfers" should show a high number.
Also, on your desktop, you would see a "wp-content" folder.
Next, you may decide to also backup your wp-config file. To do this, scroll down to find this file, right-click on it, and click Download.
This download should only take a moment. When it completes, the wp-config file will also be seen in your Desktop.
Now, create a folder named WordPress Backup and move both the "wp-content" folder and the "wp-config" file into this folder.
You can easily backup your database with PhpMyAdmin.
This guide will show you how to do this using cPanel as your web admin panel, but the process should be very similar in other admin panels.
First, login to your cPanel account. The login details are the same you used in accessing your server through Filezilla, but you may ask your webhost for the login link if you do not have that.
In cPanel, scroll to the "Databases" section and click on phpMyAdmin.
In phpMyAdmin, click on Databases to view all databases in your account.
If you do not know which one is your WordPress database, you can find it in the wp-config file we downloaded in the previous section.
The part "Database_Name" will contain the actual name of your database. Find this database in phpMyAdmin and click on it.
When this database opens, click Export.
Leave "Export Method" set to Quick, and "Format" set to SQL. Click Go to start the export.
Your database SQL file would begin to download shortly. When this download completes, you have backed up your database.
Move the downloaded SQL file to the WordPress Backup folder which already contains your WordPress files. You may now decide to burn this folder to a DVD, or store it in an external storage device.
If you are using this backup option, you have to repeat this process often. Depending on how busy your site is, you could do it daily, weekly, or monthly.
We cannot stress enough how important it is to run regular WordPress backups. If this was not a practice for you, please use the steps covered in this guide to set up a reliable backup process.
We would recommend that you utilize the scheduled backup option using UpdraftPlus. This method is simple, works well, and is being used in millions of websites.
You may also add an extra layer of safety by performing manual backups every once in a while in addition.
If, on the other hand, you prefer only manual backups. Go ahead and use the steps covered, but remember to do it often.
As a reminder, do not store backups within your server. It should always be in a remote location, such as in cloud storage (Google Drive in our example), or in your local computer, or burnt to a DVD.
Also, another thing you need to address to improve your site safety is to secure it against hackers. Read this article to find out how best to do this.


text:
Q: File piping with find When I run the command cd dir && find . -name "*.html"it perfectly displays all the html files including the html files in the sub-directories. But when I run the command cd dir && find . -name "*.html" | for f in *.html; do "action"; done only loops for me in the current directory but does no change to the html files in the sub-directories.  I tried incorporating the find in the for loop but only resulted in an error message.

A: You can rewrite it as
cd dir && find . -name "*.html" | while read f; do "action"; done

when you did
... for f in *.html; ...

you where in fact listing the html files in the current directory, it is equivalent to ls *.html in fact, and not filtering the list received form the pipe (which is being ignored)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


By combining the principles of positive psychology with best-practice teaching, Positive Education fosters both traditional academic skills and skills for happiness and wellbeing. Research has shown that high levels of student wellbeing lead to better academic performance.
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Compliments are powerful little gifts but only work if they are sincere reflections of what we think and if they are given freely. The art of the compliment (giving and receiving) is a powerful social skill to learn and you don't need to be an expert to do it well, you just need to be genuine.
Compliments foster an atmosphere of positivity, enhancing social connections and communication.


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What's a mailing list? Why can making this kind of list benefit both your Internet site and your business as a whole?
A mailing list is a collection of email addresses which receive the same email simultaneously. When you send a message to the mailing list address, it will be re-sent to all the addresses on that mailing list automatically, but none of the receivers will know who the rest of the recipients are. Generally, users have to subscribe to a list, but occasionally email addresses are included manually without the awareness of their owners. Depending on the given list management software, you may also be able to add new mailing list subscribers, so users cannot sign up for a mailing list unless you okay their signup request. The mailing list option is exceptionally handy in case you want to send newsletters on a regular basis or some other kind of periodic announcements to clients, since you will need to send one single e-mail message and all of the mailing list subscribers will receive it immediately. As a consequence, you will not need to write a lot of mailboxes manually.
In case you choose to get a shared hosting package through us, you'll be able to set up multiple Internet mailing lists with only a few clicks from the Email Manager section of our in-house developed Hepsia Control Panel. You'll be able to select the email address from which you will send email messages to your mailing list subscribers, as well as the administrative address and password that will provide you with access to advanced functions when you administer the mailing lists. We use the feature-rich Majordomo mailing list manager, which will enable you to authorize and to remove mailing list subscribers without difficulty and to edit different settings. If you wish to get in touch with different types of people, you can create extra mailing lists and administer them just as easily.


Chapter One. What Is Sharpening?: And How Does It Work?
An old saw in photography goes, "If you want great prints, use a tripod!" While it's usually delivered half-jokingly, the important grain of truth is that one of the ways our brains try to make sense of the world as seen through our eyes is by breaking down the scene into edges (objects) and non-edges (surfaces). If the edges in an image appear too sharp or not sharp enough, our brains tell us that there's something wrong, and in the case of a photograph, the image appears unconvincing.


Mark Alyn is an award-winning host and producer. His mom always thought he should be a doctor. While he never became a doctor, he has interviewed many of them. And now with Late Night Health, he'll explore a wide variety of health and medical topics.
During the last 20 plus years Mark has been a television host, reporter and producer. Hosting a reality show, a live game show and movie trivia program and interviewing thousands of people has kept him busy. From high tech to careers, politics to travel, food to authors, Mark has presented shows a wide variety of topics.
He's the technical producer of Late Night Health, handling all the production and engineering duties needed to get the show recorded and sent to the various stations that carry the show. He's also a reporter, conducting interviews in the field.
As a partner in Late Night Health, he also helps to keep us on track and focus our show helping with many of the business aspects of producing a radio program.
There's a secret rumor circulating about Mr. Wayne. It's not a secret identity. The secret is he is one of the nicest people in radio!
Carole has over 12 years of radio and TV producing experience including writing, field producing, public relations and working in the edit bay. Carole is the first contact with our guests. She helps them relax, prepare for the interview and schedules the time for the show. Carole also works with other team members to write blogs and to update our website.
Kevin Stern has been in Los Angeles radio since 1971. During these years Kevin has been Production Director, Music Director, Show Host and Talk Show Producer, among other various positions. Kevin has worked alongside such Radio Personalities like Charlie Tuna and The real Don Steele. Kevin joins Mark Alyn and Darrell Wayne as an associate producer of Late Night Health.
Bill Frank is an Associate Producer for Late Night Health focused on social media and booking guests. Bill has led initiatives to boost listener-ship for the show and guest awareness through social media.
Outside of working for Late Night Health, Bill is a talk radio host in Ventura County. He's interviewed guests in business, entertainment, politics, technology, sports and the local community on Brainstromin' with Billy the Brain and The Bill Frank Radio Show.
Although Bill has been in radio less time than other members of the Late Night Health team, he is considered one of the top interviewers in the United States. He's interviewed such guests as Adam Carolla, Dan Rather, Steve Forbes, Mia Hamm, Ambassador Oliver Miles, Senator Scott Brown, Donald Rumsfeld, Seth Godin and Guy Kawasaki, among others.


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Q: how to set session for more than one hour in asp.net website i am trying to set session for more than hour in asp.net website. i am using iss7 for run website. i am also set the session state timeout 3600 in web.config but with in 10 min session expired also i am trying to setting in iis server but cant done that settings
   ** its my web.config**

Heading
     <!-- language: c# -->

         <configuration>
              <system.web.extensions>        <scripting>
                  <webServices>
                    <jsonSerialization maxJsonLength="50000000"/>          </webServices>
                </scripting>
              </system.web.extensions>
               <system.webServer>
                 <handlers>
                   <remove name="ChartImageHandler"/>
                   <add name="ChartImageHandler" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD,POST" path="ChartImg.axd"
         type="System.Web.UI.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartHttpHandler,
         System.Web.DataVisualization, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
         PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
                 </handlers>
               </system.webServer>
               <appSettings>
                 <add key="ConnectionString" value=""/>
                 <add key="AdminRole" value="Company-Admin"/>
                 <add key="ApproverRole" value="Approver"/>
                 <add key="StaffRole" value="Staff"/>
                <add key="ChartImageHandler" value="storage=file;timeout=20;dir=c:\TempImageFiles\;"/>
               </appSettings>
               <connectionStrings>

                 <add name="ConnectionString" connectionString="" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
                <add name="ConnectionStringDBePay_14_15" connectionString="" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
               </connectionStrings>       <system.web>

                 <trace enabled="true" mostRecent="true" />
                 <pages>
                   <controls>
                     <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.DataVisualization.Charting"
         assembly="System.Web.DataVisualization, Version=4.0.0.0,
         Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
                   </controls>
                 </pages>
                 <customErrors defaultRedirect="~/Error.aspx" mode="Off" />
                 <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0">
                   <assemblies>
                     <add assembly="System.Web.DataVisualization, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
                     <add assembly="System.Design, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B03F5F7F11D50A3A"/>
                     <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions.Design, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
                     <add assembly="System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/>
                   </assemblies>
                 </compilation>
                 <authentication mode="Forms">
                   <forms loginUrl="Default.aspx" protection="All" timeout="80200" name="MCSSCookie" requireSSL="false"
         slidingExpiration="true" cookieless="AutoDetect"
         enableCrossAppRedirects="false"/>
                 </authentication>
                 <httpRuntime executionTimeout="999999" maxRequestLength="1024000" />
                 <sessionState timeout="3600"></sessionState>
                 <membership defaultProvider="AspNetSqlMembershipProviderRelaxed">
                   <providers>
                     <clear/>
                     <add connectionStringName="ConnectionString" passwordAttemptWindow="10" enablePasswordRetrieval="true"
         enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true"
         applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Clear"
         maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="15" passwordStrengthRegularExpression=""
         minRequiredPasswordLength="3" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0"
         name="AspNetSqlMembershipProviderRelaxed"
         type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider, System.Web,
         Version=2.0.3500.0, Culture=neutral,
         PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/>
                   </providers>
                 </membership>
                 <profile>
                   <providers>
                     <clear/>
                     <add name="AspNetSqlProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProvider"
         connectionStringName="ConnectionString" applicationName="/"/>
                   </providers>
                 </profile>
                 <roleManager enabled="true">
                   <providers>
                     <clear/>
                     <remove name="AspNetSqlRoleProvider"/>
                     <add name="AspNetSqlRoleProvider" connectionStringName="ConnectionString" applicationName="/"
         type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web,
         Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/>
                   </providers>
                 </roleManager>
               </system.web>
             </configuration>

A: Set the session timeout like so. Please give this a try.
<configuration>
   <system.web>
       <sessionState timeout="61"></sessionState>
   </system.web>
</configuration>

Take a look at the official Session state docs

A: Update your web config as below.
<configuration>
   <system.web>
   <sessionState mode="InProc" cookieless="false" timeout="10" />
   </system.web>
</configuration>


EVER SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF DOUGLAS COUPLAND'S book "Generation X," we've been subjected to a barrage of essays, op-ed pieces and feature articles blaming us baby boomers for the sad face of the twentysomething generation: the boomers took all the good jobs; the boomers are destroying the planet, the media is boomer-dominated and boomer-obsessed. The litany is never-ending. If you believe the Generation X essayists, all the troubles of the world can be traced to us fortysomethings.
Well, enough is enough. As a baby boomer, I'm fed up with the ceaseless carping of a handful of spoiled, self-indulgent, overgrown adolescents. Generation Xers may like to call themselves the "Why Me?" generation, but they should be called the "Whiny" generation. If these pusillanimous purveyors of pseudo-angst would put as much effort into getting a life as they do into writing about their horrible fate, we'd be spared the weekly diatribes that pass for reasoned argument in newspapers and magazines.
Let's examine for a moment the horrible fate visited on Generation X. This is a generation that was raised with the highest standard of living in the history of the world. By the time they arrived on the scene, their parents were comfortably established in the middle class and could afford to satisfy their offspring's every whim. And they did, in spades.
Growing up in the '70s and '80s, the twentysomethings were indulged with every toy, game and electronic device available. They didn't even have to learn how to amuse themselves since Mom and Dad were always there to ferry them from one organized activity to another. If we baby boomers were spoiled, the Whiny Generation was left out to rot. They had it all.
That's the essence of the Generation X problem. We have a generation (or at least part of a generation) whose every need has been catered to since birth. Now, when they finally face adulthood, they expect the gift-giving to continue. I'm 28 and I'll never own a house, whines the Generation Xer. I'm 25 and I don't have a high-paying job, says another.
Are these realistic expectations? Of course not. It's the rare individual in the last 40 years who had a high-paying job and owned a home prior to his or her 30th birthday. But the Whiners want everything now. A generation raised on the principle of instant satisfaction simply can't understand the concepts of long-term planning and deferred gratification. What's their reaction when they don't get what they want? That's right--they throw a tantrum.
The Whiners' most common complaint is that they've been relegated to what Mr. Coupland calls Mcjobs-low-paying, low-end positions in the service industry. I don't doubt that many Whiners are stuck in such jobs. But whose fault is that? Here's a generation that had enormous educational opportunities. But many Whiners squandered those chances figuring that a good job was a right not a privilege.
My parents' generation provided a better shot at postsecondary education for their boomer children than they themselves had enjoyed. And we took advantage of that situation in droves as the number of college and university graduates soared. The Whiners were afforded even greater scope for educational success but many of them failed to maximize their opportunities. They had the chance to reach higher but often chose not to or chose foolishly or unwisely.
Those who pursued a liberal-arts degree with a view to obtaining a job were either wealthy or naive. Those who thought that fine arts or film studies would yield more than a subsistence living were only fooling themselves. And those who entered law school will find sympathy hard to come by. More lawyers is one thing we definitely don't need.
The twentysomethings who planned their education wisely and spent the required years specializing in the technologies of the '90s now have the inside track in the job market. Those who chose to slide through high school to achieve semiliteracy are understandably unemployed or underemployed. Their cries of anguish do not now ring true. In fact, the youth unemployment rate is lower today than it was during the babyboom recession of the early '80s. And despite the current recession, there are still plenty of positions available for highly skilled workers who exhibited the foresight and determination to achieve the necessary abilities.
The Whiners decry the lack of entry-level professional positions in the marketplace. Granted, during this current recession there are fewer such jobs. But that was also true in the early '80s. Instead of blaming everyone for this state of affairs, the Whiners should acquire more skills, education and specialized knowledge for the careers of the 21st century that will be awaiting those who have prepared themselves. Forget a career in law; start thinking about computers, telecommunications and health care.
As for the Whiners' complaint about the media being boomer-dominated and boomer-obsessed, that's nothing new. Once a generation has worked long and hard enough, it's only natural that some of its members become ensconced in positions of power. And once in power, it's not that surprising that they reflect the views, tastes and concerns of their contemporaries. Why should the media revolve around the lives of 25-year-olds? Remember, this is the generation whose biggest achievement to date is something called grunge rock. Once they've accomplished more, they'll get the media coverage.
So, I invite the Whiners to put aside their TV-generation values and accept cold, hard reality. Interesting, high-paying jobs and rich lifestyles are not automatic; they're not even commonplace. Most people live ordinary lives of quiet desperation stuck in uninteresting jobs that they're afraid to lose. If you want more than that, move out of your parents' houses, start working and, for heaven's sake, stop whining.


text:
/ Energy / American Hydro to modernise two units at Keokuk Hydroelectric plant in Iowa, USA
American Hydro to modernise two units at Keokuk Hydroelectric plant in Iowa, USA
pdubey@v1-media.com on October 19, 2020 - in Energy, Renewables
American Hydro, part of Wärtsilä Corporation, has been awarded a major contract to perform rehabilitation services and complete the upgrade and refurbishment of the Unit 5 & 15 turbines at Ameren's historic Keokuk Hydroelectric plant in Iowa, USA. The order with Ameren Corporation was booked in July.
American Hydro designed, manufactured and delivered new 200-inch, 120,000-pound Francis type runners for these units under a previous contract. The new contract includes all field labor and supervision to conduct a simultaneous two-unit outage, disassembly of the major turbine and generator components, shop and field rehabilitation and machining, installation of the new runners and refurbished turbine components, and commissioning of the upgraded turbines. Engineering and planning are currently underway, and the outages are scheduled to start this fall and finish in the spring of 2021. Upon completion of this work, American Hydro will have upgraded all 15 turbines at the Keokuk plant.
"For more than 100 years, the Keokuk Energy Center has provided clean, carbon-free energy to customers. Its continued safe, efficient operation is foundational to Ameren's net-zero carbon emissions goal," said Warren Witt, director of hydro operations at Ameren Missouri.
From Gerry Russell, Vice President of American Hydro: "This contract represents the culmination of a 20 year partnership to upgrade the Keokuk hydroelectric plant. We appreciate the trust Ameren has placed in American Hydro throughout this process."
The 142 MW Keokuk hydroelectric plant was originally commissioned in 1913 and has been in continuous operation with the original equipment since that time. It is the largest privately owned and operated dam and hydroelectric generating plant on the Mississippi River. The plant is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Lock and Dam No. 19.
Ameren Corporation is based in St. Louis, serving 2.4 million electric, and 900,000 natural gas customers across 64,000 square miles in central and eastern Missouri and the southern four-fifths of Illinois.
Wärtsilä in brief:
Wärtsilä is a global leader in smart technologies and complete lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. By emphasising sustainable innovation, total efficiency and data analytics, Wärtsilä maximises the environmental and economic performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers. In 2019, Wärtsilä's net sales totalled EUR 5.2 billion with approximately 19,000 employees. The company has operations in over 200 locations in more than 80 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is listed on Nasdaq Helsinki.
www.wartsila.com
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When our Editorial Director Todd Danielson gave me the heads up that Informed Infrastructure would…
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Перевалово — присілок, Куртамиський округ, Курганська область
 Перевалово — присілок, Лузький район, Кіровська область

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For single channel connection between e.g. a receiver and an active sub-woofer (often called LFE channel = Low Frequency Effects) with balanced input and XLR chassis contact. Supra Sublinks low capacitance and high noise interference immunity make longer cable routing possible, which most often is the case for sub-woofer connections. Further the low capacitance allow bass pulse build-up without flattening or slow down, the really desirable property of an excellent hifi sub-woofer sound.
This cable may also be used to connect active speakers such as studio monitors with balanced input to a single-end source. The properties of the Supra SubLink is of a high standard also for full range purpose.


text:
Ett togaparty är en fest där gästerna bär toga. Denna festform förekommer bland annat bland studenter, men är i dag ganska ovanlig.

Togapartyn blev kända och populära genom filmen Animal House (på svenska Deltagänget) från 1978 i regi av John Landis. Innan filmen var begreppet togaparty så gott som helt okänt, men företeelsen blev efter 1978 snabbt populär på amerikanska college. I filmen framställs togapartyn som mycket vilda fester med mycket alkohol.

Nöjen
Studentkultur


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Home » News & Features » Off-Broadway News & Features » Jocelyn Bioh and more to star in For Colored Girls at Public Theater
Jocelyn Bioh and more to star in For Colored Girls at Public Theater
For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow Is Enuf is scheduled to begin performances at the Public Theater on October 8, 2019.
Tom Millward
The Public Theater has confirmed complete casting for the previously announced first major New York revival of Ntozake Shange's For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow Is Enuf, directed by Leah C. Gardiner and choreographed by Tony Award nominee Camille A. Brown.
The cast of For Colored Girls includes Jocelyn Bioh (as Lady in Blue), Celia Chevalier (as Lady in Brown), Danaya Esperanza (as Lady in Orange), Jayme Lawson (as Lady in Red), Adrienne C. Moore (as Lady in Yellow), Okwui Okpokwasili (as Lady in Green), and Alexandria Wailes (as Lady in Purple).
Synopsis: "A groundbreaking work in modern American theater, For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf, returns to The Public for the first time since it premiered in 1976, before its breakthrough run on Broadway. Filled with passion, humor, and raw honesty, legendary playwright/poet Ntozake Shange's form-changing choreopoem tells the stories of seven women of color using poetry, song, and movement. With unflinching honesty and emotion, each woman voices her survival story of having to exist in a world shaped by sexism and racism. This seminal work speaks to our world today about women's struggles, strength, desires, resilience, and the sanctified magic of love and possibility."
The creative team behind For Colored Girls has also been announced and features all women of color. Original compositions are by Martha Redbone, scenic design by Myung Hee Cho, costume design by Toni-Leslie James, lighting design by Jiyoun Chang, and sound design is by Megumi Katayama.
Previews begin at the Public's Martinson Theater on October 8, 2019, ahead of an official opening on October 22 and a limited engagement through November 17, 2019.
New York Rumors
Is The Nanny heading to Broadway?
It has been reported that The Nanny is being adapted into a Broadway musical. The production is based on the 1990s American sitcom of the same name, which followed a fashionable Jewish wom...
Is Disney eyeing a Broadway revival of Tim Rice & Elton John musical Aida?
According to an Equity casting notice, Disney Theatrical is holding a developmental lab presentation for a revival of the Elton John/Tim Rice musical Aida in March 2020. The new production...
Read more rumors...


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Q: Custom CheckBox with ListView I have Implemented the custom check box with list view. I am getting the list now I want the list of package names which are checked with the help of getting position.How to get the position is there any way to do this.
class Custom_List extends BaseAdapter {

                Activity activity = null;
                List<String>  app_name = null;
                List<String>  app_usage = null;
                List<String>  app_last_updated = null;
                List<String>  app_cpu_usage = null;
                List<String>  app_package = null;

                public Custom_List(Activity this_activity, List<String> app_name2, List<String> app_usage, List<String> app_last_modi_data, List<String> app_CPU_Usage,List<String> app_package) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

                    activity = this_activity;
                    this.app_name = app_name2;
                    this.app_usage = app_usage;
                    this.app_last_updated = app_last_modi_data;
                    this.app_cpu_usage = app_CPU_Usage;
                    this.app_package=app_package;
                }

                public int getCount() {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    return app_name.size();
                }

                public Object getItem(int position) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    return position;
                }

                public long getItemId(int position) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    return position;
                }

                public  class ViewHolder {

                    public TextView textheader = null;
                    public TextView textcpu = null;
                    public TextView text_modified_date = null;
                    public TextView text_cpu = null;
                    public TextView text_checkbox = null;
                }

                ViewHolder holder = null;

                public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                    View vi = convertView;

                    if (convertView == null) { // if it's not recycled, initialize some
                        // attributes
                        LayoutInflater  inflater = (LayoutInflater) activity
                        .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
                        vi = inflater.inflate(R.layout.grid_item, null);
                        holder = new ViewHolder();

                        holder.textheader = (TextView) vi.findViewById(R.id.item1);
                        holder.textcpu = (TextView) vi.findViewById(R.id.item2);
                        holder.text_modified_date = (TextView) vi.findViewById(R.id.item4);
                        holder.text_cpu = (TextView) vi.findViewById(R.id.item3);
                        holder.text_checkbox=(CheckBox)vi.findViewById(R.id.checkBox1);
                        vi.setTag(holder);

                    } else {
                        holder = (ViewHolder) vi.getTag();

                    }

                    holder.text_checkbox.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

                        @Override
                        public void onClick(View v) {

                            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "coming here", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                            String packag=app_package.toString();
                            Log.d("package listttttttttt", packag);
                            addListenerOnButton() ;

                        }
                    });

                    holder.textheader.setText(Html.fromHtml(app_name.get(position)).toString());

                    int usage=Integer.parseInt(app_usage.get(position).toString().trim())/10000;

                    holder.textcpu.setText("Mem: "+String.valueOf(usage)+" M");

        //          System.out.println("      app_last_updated       "+app_last_updated.get(position).toString().trim());

                    holder.text_modified_date.setText("Last Updated Date: "+app_last_updated.get(position).toString().trim());
                    holder.text_cpu.setText("CPU: "+app_cpu_usage.get(position).toString().trim()+" %");
                    return vi;
                }

            }
            private void addListenerOnButton() {
                Clear = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
                Clear.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "coming in button", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    }
                });

            }
        }