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This is a story about the Crystal Palace. It is as true of a story as one can guess to be true having been handed down, so to speak, from one generation to the next until at least one Russian referred to it by note.
….A long time ago in Feudal Europe there was a very good King who was kind and caring for all of his constituents. It was a happy time and laughter was abundant. Smiles and well wishes and good will seemed to resonate from the King to the farmer, the merchant, the baker. It was a very happy place.
The King met and married a princess of equal nature, as she was also gentle and loving. A great day arrived when the King and now Queen announced at the city square the soon to be born first child of their union.
In this wonderful environment, the arts flourished. Music could be heard everywhere, the trades were of exceptional quality. In particular the trade of crystal making was renowned and there soon sprang the idea of a crystal palace.
It wasn't long till their existed a palace of exquisite beauty and this was the home of the King, his new wife, the Queen and their soon to be born first child, but really it was more than just that. It was the pride of it's people.
The day was eagerly anticipated and as the time for the birth came nearer there was growing excitement, for the peasantry's well being of this or any Kingdom, clearly revolved around the stable legacy of the Kingship. It was all that was known then.
As the King and Queen were of such good nature and so happy, they would socialize and take walks among the populace. This was by comparison to other Kingdoms in the vicinity unusual. Most often the Royalty of any house kept to themselves. The King and Queen were always met with deep respect and bows most graciously were courtesly rendered upon their chance meetings.
Finally the day arrived and squire made an announcement that the Queen was in labor. It was not long till the entire kingdom was aware of this anticipated moment and an eagerness of anxious people everywhere waited for the announcement of the child. The hours went by and this was attributed to the normal length of first born children to a mother. Then more hours passed and a growing concern began to surface on the emotions of all. More hours and more. That day passed and the night and then the next morning. Almost if not all of the entire kingdom gathered at the main square just outside the Crystal Palace's gate in solemn reverence waiting for any news. The day went by. At around mid afternoon more closer to late afternoon the Palace Squire came out and unrolled the scroll and read aloud: " His Highness regrets to inform you that Her Highness the Queen has deceased giving birth to the Prince. His Highness would like you to say prayers for the Queen and for the new Prince."
The assembled peoples were shocked. They knew something must have gone wrong but this? They stood there and could not move away. So many questions. So few answers. So many tears! And it started to rain!
A memorial took place with a great proceeding. It was of very somber affair. Everyone was in mourning and remained that way for what seemed a long time. Where there was laughter and cheers of good will, now there was a quiet of reflective mood.
Then one day the sound of an infants cry could be heard in the still of the morning and everyone was reminded of the last gift of the Queen, their heir air apparent, the new Prince and slowly but surely the mood shift of sober changed and once again the streets were more noisy and chatter of voices. The Good will returned. But then everyone was anxious about the King. He had not been seen. The period of mourning was expected but that had gone by and by and by. Of the populace, those who had relatives or acquaintances in the castle made inquiries about the King, his state of being. Even among these, there was scarce information. All that could be counted on for sure was that the King was in deep sorrow and remained so. The Kings brother, who was older than the King but who had stepped down in favor of his younger brother to be King – yes this was very unusual, but none the less it is what had occurred – became active in managing the affairs of the Kingdom at the Kings bequest and this provided some normalcy in the realm. But just barely so.
Six months were suddenly past and then a year. That year became two, then three! Then the Prince was suddenly out and about but never with the King. He remained a recluse to all but his closest court attendants and of course his brother.
Joy, none the less sprung from the people, seeing the new Prince and his seemingly good health.
With the Prince a new King someday and thus continuance of this realm. It was as vital as the very heartbeat of any living thing.
And the years rolled by, the Prince more in the public eye, growing each year and becoming a young lad then a young man but the King remained in seclusion much of the time. The only time that he was out was now for an occasional ride on his horse through the woods but even this was an act with no engagement, usually very early in the morning or at the dusk of some day.
As the Prince became a young man and being the only young man, the heir apparent to the Kingdom, great attention and tribute was being lavishly bestowed upon him and then it became a concern by some notable wise people that this could be a problem. Sure enough, stories now came out about the prince's desires and likenesses for wine, women and song, then smoking, which was such a rare thing, and some reckless abandonment of any values. Great parties and drunken brawls and a practice not know here but heard from a far, orgies became common!
The Prince seemed to have no regard for peoples thoughts. The King was not available having redrawn almost completely into a life of recluse, even having traveled to the mountains and been away for some time. The King's brother had no control over the Prince now in his early 20's and his ways continued in this vein of great lavish parties with far off strange people now having access to the castle freely and then suddenly the taxation system that had been in place for such a long time that no one could remember anything different, changed and increased. At first it was not a burden and everyone bore the weight with no complaint. A frown perhaps but more out of the uncertainty of, 'why the change?'
And then it increased again! And it became clear that the growing lavish banquets that went on for days and days where the cost of this increase in levied tax and the realm with it's peoples almost overnight became solemn.
The Crystal Palace a renowned and magnificent beauty with pride and luster adorned was suddenly not a concern and those who took great pride in the honor of her care suddenly found their position one of concern. Not the Palace. Where before there was great care and loving devotion to its maintenance, now was just a chore.
The Prince was taking on weight at a great pace. His breath was foul from the smoke and 'what was it???. Some knew but were not adverse to say. Many women from far away now could be heard in all rooms of the castle. The Prince's drunken laughter then the primary sound in realm. Day in day out.
The King returned and in his state of depression of which he seemed never to have recovered, barely noticed the fallen state of his realm and seemed not to even venture out on his rides which he at least did before.
And the realm fell into a place of disrespect. Places that were restaurants now had lounges and pubs and smoking tobacco which was introduced by the Prince was coming into common use.
The Kingdom that was a place of beauty signified by the Crystal Palace was now unkempt and gloomy. What was a shiny penny was now a dirty coin.
The Prince was now obese. Death came suddenly, he being barely 30! The King followed. The Kings brother was, being older than the King, and having not any wish to be King, his aptitude being less than capable found the task of this servitude more than he could bear. His death a year later left the gates open for other seekers of wealth and beauty to come calling upon this fallen realm and soon the crystal palace became what it is today a distant memory of some folk tales with knowledge for the inquisitive minds of those who would learn from it.
This has been a radical year


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Fundamentals in Programming Online Training
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Fundamentals of Wolfram Language
The Wolfram Language is a general multi-paradigm computational language developed by Wolfram Research. It emphasizes symbolic computation, functional programming, and rule-based programming and can employ arbitrary structures and data. It is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica.
Syntax sugar
Discover Get to know Chipmunk Basic
Chipmunk Basic as supplied to freeware interpreter for Basic programming language called Chipmunk Basic (release 3 version 6 updates 6 patches 0) for Mac OS X (Snow Leopard) or newer by Ron H Nicholson. Some statements work only in the GUI-version, other via the command-line interface or both. Most commands and statements should work more or less the same under other supported platforms like Linux or Microsoft Windows. It's no obligation to start statements with a line number if you write them using an advanced syntax-checking editor like TextWrangler for OS X or Notepad++ on Windows.
serial-ports
Subroutines
Discover Monkey Programming Language
Monkey is a BASIC dialect programming language that translates Monkey code into multiple cross-platforms. Currently, the supported target platforms include Windows, Mac OS X, Android, iOS, HTML5, Flash and XNA.
Monkey is the latest programming language by Blitz Research Limited, following BlitzMax (2004) and BlitzBasic (2000), two prior BASIC programming dialects from the same author.
Monkey code is translated into the target language via the Trans tool and into a native compiler depending on the target platform. Monkey requires the use of other compilers and development kits to reach the end target. This process is largely automated with the accompanying IDE, Monk (2011) and Ted (2012).
Discover MUMPS Programming
MUMPS is a programming language. It is named after the acronym Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming Systems.
If you have programmed before and would like to see a little bit of how MUMPS works and is different from other programming languages, you can get an overview.
Beginning MUMPS
MUMPS syntax and functions Lines, spaces, commands & arguments
Basic Terminology- Routines & Globals Programs: Routines, Database: Globals
MUMPS features
MUMPS and data
MUMPS code and interfaces
Setting up to Program MUMPS Set up the IDE and Install MUMPS
Advanced MUMPS
History of MUMPS
Learn PWCT (Programming Without Coding Technology)
PWCT is a general-purpose visual programming language and software development platform that enables the development of systems and applications, by generating interactive steps instead of writing code.
PWCT is Free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License version 2.
The visual source inside PWCT is designed using the Goal Designer where the programmer can generate the steps tree through the interaction with the visual language components.
Visual Languages
Get to know Vala Programming
Vala is a new programming language that aims to bring modern programming language features to GNOME developers without imposing any additional runtime requirements or different Application Binary Interfaces (ABIs) compared to applications and libraries written in C.
Programming Style
Know A Little C Primer
This course is a quick introduction to the C programming language. It is written by a novice and is intended for use by a novice. However, it does assume familiarity with a programming language.
The C programming language is a "middle-level" language. It provides low-level programming capability at the expense of some user-friendliness. Cynics tend to claim that C combines the flexibility and power of assembly language with the user-friendliness of a high-level language, but experienced programmers find that the limited set of keywords and the use of pointers allows for fast and elegant programming solutions. C first rose to popularity with the growth of UNIX, and has been used creating the Windows operating system from its earliest versions. It is also used in microcontrollers and super-computers.
The original implementations of C were defined as described in the classic reference, THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, authored by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. This definition left a few things to be desired, and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a group in the 1980s to create a complete specification. The result was "ANSI C", which is the focus of this document.
Tools For Programming
Introduction to C; Functions; Control Constructs
C Variables, Operators & Preprocessor Directives
C Input & Output
C Library Functions & Other Comments
C Quick Reference
Comments and Revision History
Fundamentals of F# Programming
This course is suitable for complete beginners to F# and Functional Programming in general. F# is a functional programming language. Not surprisingly, functions are a big part of the language, and mastering them is the first step to becoming an effective F# developer. "Data structure" is a fancy word which refers to anything that helps programmers group and represent related values in useful, logical units. F# has a number of built-in data structures which include tuples, records, lists, unions, and a number of others. F# is an "impure" programming language, meaning it allows programmers to write functions with side-effects and mutable state, very similar to the programming style used by imperative programming languages such as C# and Java. F# is a CLI/.NET programming language. CLI is an object-oriented platform. One of the most important features of F# is its ability to mix and match styles: since the .NET platform is Object Oriented, with F#, you often work with objects. F# is easy enough for beginners to learn as their first language, yet it provides a powerful set of tools which can be appreciated by experienced developers. This section describes advanced syntactic contructs and techniques often used in F# programs.
Declaring Values and Functions
Pattern Matching Basics
Recursion and Recursive Functions
Higher Order Functions
Option Types
Tuples and Records
Sets and Maps
Discriminated Unions
Imperative Programming
Mutable Data
Mutable Collections
Basic I/O
Modules and Namespaces
Learn Making a Programming Language From Scratch
This course covers the art of language creation. Making a language is a sophisticated task, however, simple languages can be made by transpiling to other higher level languages and by using lexing and parsing packages such as Bison or Flex. This course does not cover this. It demonstrates the creation of languages from nothing at all, as most commercial languages are. Here, the basic algorithms for conversion, assembly language equivalents for some common statements, the advantages and disadvantages of each type of compilation method, basic lexing and parsing are demonstrated. Note that This course assumes that you have at least a moderate understanding of x86 assembly and can write programs in a language. Keep in mind that language creation is an exhaustive process, and thus will require many days of hard labor to create.
Preliminaries
Line by Line Input System
Data Declarations
Simple Data Types
Simple Expressions
Comparing Two Values
Complex Conditions
The Braces Problem
If statements
Else if and else
While statements
Localizing
Function Definitions
Function Call
Learn Raku Programming
Raku is a successor of the Perl programming language, representing a major backwards-incompatible rewrite of the language. It's a versatile and powerful multi-paradigm programming language. This course is going to introduce the reader to the Raku language and its many features.
Raku Basics
Variables and Data
Types and Context
Blocks and Closures
Classes And Attributes
Comments and POD
Rules and Grammars
Language Extensions
Data Types and Operators
Lazy Lists and Feeds
Meta Operators
Roles and Inheritance
Blocks and Subroutines
Advanced Subroutines
Exceptions and Handlers
Property Blocks
Multitasking and Concurrency
Save States
Input and Output
Discover Alcor6L Programming
Alcor6L is a simple-to-use multi-language interactive programming environment that runs on a variety of embedded hardware devices.
It runs programs in:
Lua using eLua
C using PicoC
Lisp using PicoLisp
and in development:
BASIC using MY-BASIC
Scheme using TinyScheme
Forth (which?)
on cheap 32-bit single-board computers:
The Mizar32 models A and B by simplemachines.it, available from 4star.it
LM3S and STM32 ARM boards
Explore ColdFusion Programming
ColdFusion is a JVM-based programming language that supports scripting and templating and was developed by J.J. Allaire in 1995 to make development of CGI scripts easier and faster. It has matured over the years to include many interfaces with other languages and environments. Timeline: n language. ColdFusion servers prior to version 6.0 were written in C++. Since version 6.0, the ColdFusion application server is a Java application sitting on top of the Java Platform. When a page is first called, the ColdFusion code is converted into Java bytecode; this allows better integration with the Java platform and also allows JSP "Java server pages" to be called and run from within a ColdFusion application. Beginning in version 7 there was a dramatic focus on RIA (Rich Internet Applications). The ability to include flash forms, xhtml forms, dynamically created pdfs and flashpaper were all included. Version 8, released in mid 2007, showed dramatic performance improvements, and extended the language functionality to include image processing, presentations, MS Exchange integration, support for .Net components, PDF Form manipulation, Ajax form components (based upon ExtJs 1.1), and more.
Know Erlang Programming
Erlang is a general purpose, concurrency-oriented functional programming language suited for fault-tolerant, distributed, soft real-time systems. It features strong dynamic typing, lightweight concurrency, eager evaluation and prolog like pattern matching. Erlang was developed in the 1980s at the Ericsson Computer Science Laboratory to address a then-unfulfilled need for telecommunications programming: a high-level, expressive language suitable for rapid development that offered the error recovery, concurrency, distribution and performance features required by telecommunications equipment. Although its roots are in telecommunications, Erlang's unique features and extensive library make it suitable as a general-purpose programming language and well-suited to programming projects such as network servers, control systems and web development. The Erlang language, together with an extensive library of applications and modules, a virtual machine and operating system, and a set of design principles establishing standard behaviors, comprise Erlang/OTP (OTP stands for Open Telecommunications Platform). Erlang/OTP is distributed as free software (under the Apache Public License) as well as a commercially supported version from Ericsson. Both distributions run on Microsoft Windows, VxWorks by Wind River, and many varieties of Unix.
The Forth language is a stack-based language designed for rapid interactive programming in limited-resource environments. Forth is interesting because it can be simple and small, yet it allows for remarkably powerful extensions to be written in Forth itself; most fully-fledged Forth systems are implemented partially in Forth. Forth is most often used to write embedded applications. Forth emphasizes a number of classic computer ideas, such as Many ritual necessities of other languages and required designer syntax falls away. Forth is an extensible language, giving the user great flexibility to extend it. This is both a pro and a con. As with modeling clay, in the hands of an architect with a clear philosophy it can work wonders, or it can create a hodgepodge. Much Forth programming consists of "adding words to a dictionary" and learning someone's program, the words they have chosen to create, and their significance is often confused with learning the language itself.
Explore Pascal Programming
Pascal is an influential computer programming language named after the mathematician Blaise Pascal. It was invented by Niklaus Wirth in 1968 as a research project into the nascent field of compiler theory.
Standard Pascal
Beginning Pascal
Variables and Constants
Expressions and Branches
Object-oriented Programming
Exporting to libraries
Foreign Function Interfaces
Objective Pascal
Miscellaneous extensions
Fundamentals of Asymptote
This is a user-maintained reference to the Asymptote markup language. It is intended that this can serve as a useful resource for everyone from new users who wish to learn, to old hands who need a quick reference. This section should contain recipes for different tasks. Please help to make the command pages: asy -l | grep '(' and add the functions to the command page along with info and examples. This is the default Asymptote base file, which defines key parts of the drawing language (such as the picture structure). By default, an implicit private import plain; occurs before translating a file and before the first command given in interactive mode. This also applies when translating files for module definitions (except when translating plain, of course). This means that the types and functions defined in plain are accessible in almost all Asymptote code. Use the -noautoplain command-line option to disable this feature. abort abs acos acosh add alias align all angle arc ArcArrow ArcArrows arcarrowsize arcdir arclength arcpoint arctime arrow Arrow arrow2 arrowhead arrowheadbbox Arrows arrowsize asin asinh ask atan atan2 atanh atexit attach AvantGarde axialshade azimuth bar Bar Bars barsize basealign baseline bbox BeginArcArrow BeginArrow BeginBar beginclip BeginDotMargin begingroup BeginMargin BeginPenMargin beginpoint Blank Bookman box cap cast cbrt cd ceil Ceil circle clear clip close cmyk colatitude colors complement concat conj controls copy cos cosh Courier cross csv cubiclength cubicroots curl cycle cyclic deconstruct defaultpen degrees Degrees dimension dir dirtime dot DotMargin DotMargins dotsize Dotted _draw draw Draw ecast ellipse empty EndArcArrow EndArrow EndBar endclip EndDotMargin endgroup endl EndMargin EndPenMargin endpoint eof eol erase erf erfc error _eval eval execute exitfunction exp expi fabs fft fill Fill filldraw fillrule filltype find finite firstcut floor Floor flush fmod font fontcommand fontsize format gamma getc getint getpair getreal getstring gouraudshade graphic gray grestore gsave gui GUI GUIop GUIreset Helvetica hypot identity image init initdefaults input insert inside interact interp intersect intersectionpoint inverse invisible italic J label Label labelmargin labels Landscape lastcut latitude latticeshade layer legend length line linecap linejoin lineskip linetype linewidth log log10 longitude Longitude makedraw makepen map margin Margin Margins marginT Mark marker marknodes markroutine markuniform math max maxbound maxcoords merge MidArcArrow MidArrow midpoint min minbound minipage NewCenturySchoolBook newpage nib NoFill NoMargin none None nullexitfcn orientation output overwrite Palatino pattern pause Pen PenMargin PenMargins point polar polygon Portrait postcontrol postscript pow10 precision precontrol prepend quadraticroots quiet quotient radialshade RadialShade rand read1 read2 read3 readGUI readline realmult rectify reflect relative Relative - specifies a relative location. relativedistance reldir relpoint reltime remainder replace resetdefaultpen restore restoredefaults reverse rfind rgb rotate round Round scale scroll search Seascape seek sequence sgn shift shiftless shipout sin single sinh size slant solve sort spec sqrt srand straight subpath substr suffix sum Symbol system tab tan tanh tell tension tex texify TeXify texpreamble time TimesRoman transpose tridiagonal trim TrueMargin unfill UnFill unit uptodate VERSION write xinput xoutput xpart xscale xtrans Y ypart yscale ytrans ZapfChancery ZapfDingbats zpart
Know ATS: Programming with Theorem-Proving
ATS is a programming language that unifies specification and implementation. It is equipped with a highly expressive type system rooted in the framework Applied Type System, which also gives the language its name. In ATS, a variety of programming paradigms are supported, including functional programming, imperative programming, (a restricted form of) object-oriented programming, modular programming, etc. In addition, ATS contains a theorem-proving component ATS/LF that allows proofs to be constructed as total functions. With this component, ATS advocates a programmer-centric approach to program verification that combines programming with theorem proving: How do we know that a program is correctly implemented? We ask the programmer implementing the program to also construct a proof attesting to that the program meets its specification. Furthermore, the theorem-proving component ATS/LF may be used as a logical framework for encoding various deduction systems and their (meta-)properties. What makes ATS distinctive is its emphasis on employing types and proofs to ensure program safety. For example, dereferencing null-pointers can be ruled out in ATS statically, i.e., at compile-time; out-of-bounds array subscripting can be ruled out statically; improper handling of memory such as leaking and double-freeing can be ruled out statically; etc. More importantly, ATS offers the programmer a great deal of flexibility in designing a type-based approach to capturing specific safety violations that he or she is interested in. This course is aimed to introduce you to the ATS programming language, from the basics to the most advanced features and is positioned be an alternative presentation of the official tutorial. We do not aim to teach you programming, for which you should consult other books (e.g. HtDP).
Know Beginning Java
The Java programming language is used widely in education and industry, and is a great choice as a first programming language. The aim of This course is to provide a starting point for readers not only new to Java but to programming in general in a progressive order with examples they can follow. If you want to edit or contribute, feel free to dig in and start editing, you are entirely encouraged to be bold. For those who don't know Java and wish to learn, or are simply interested in Java, feedback is requested and much appreciated. Table of Contents
Learn Concurrent Clean
Concurrent Clean is a general-purpose purely functional programming language. This course is meant to be a companion Part I of Functional Programming in Clean. "Concurrent" refers to Clean's ability to run the same process on several computers, similar to Ada. The language is often just referred to as Clean. About Clean 1.1 The Language Reference Manual The language manual can be found at the Documentation page of the Clean website. Programming in Clean 2.1 Getting Started The Clean compiler can be found here [1]. Please register, as requested, though it is not necessary (you can click on "Download clean" on the left.) The .7z package is the quickest to download for Windows programming, if you have 7-zip. Then, get Part I of Functional Programming in Clean; get the 1-up PDF version if you plan to study from the computer.
Know D Programming
The goal for This course is to create a complete, free, open-content, well-organized online book for the D programming language. D is a programming language being designed as a successor to C++. Until this page gets better written and more informative, the D home can be found here. This course aims at beginners learning D language. It will cover all the language basics and some design aspects. In addition it will introduce topics like multi-threading, GUI programming and standard library to get you started with real-world applications. To quote Walter Bright, the author of the D Programming Language: D is a statically-typed, multi-paradigm language supporting imperative programming, object-oriented programming, and template metaprogramming. It also supports generics and design by contract. D has many features not seen in C++, implementing design by contract, unit testing, true modules, automatic memory management (garbage collection), first class arrays, associative arrays, dynamic arrays, array slicing, nested functions, inner classes, closures (anonymous functions), and has a reengineered template syntax. D retains C++'s ability to do low-level coding, and adds to it with support for an integrated inline assembler. C++ multiple inheritance is replaced by single inheritance with interfaces and mixins. D's declaration, statement and expression syntax closely matches that of C++.
Discover FPI Script
The FPI scripting language is a simple trigger-based artificial intelligence language used to program objects in games. It consist of a simple if/then syntax and a pre-defined list of conditional statements and commands. The statements start with a colon. Following that is a condition, a test to see if something is true. If there is more than one condition, they are separated by a comma. After all the conditions have been listed, there is another colon. The second colon separates the conditions from the actions. If you are familiar with other programming languages, this is similar to an IF THEN conditional statement. if(CONDITION) { ACTION } Translates to: There is also comments to help you organize a script, comments start with a semicolon e.g. FPI script can be used for a number of operations including object behaviour and Artificial intelligence scripts. A more detailed description of each clause and examples can be found in FPI Usage Examples
Learn Icon Programming
Icon is a modern high-level programming language. It provides many useful features for managing data, generators and much more. It is not object-oriented, but the UN-icon variant, UNICON, is object-oriented as is ObjectIcon (code.google.com/p/objecticon) Here is a tiny but complete Icon program. As you see, the code is very simple. Lines procedure main() and end enclose the body of the program. The second line is responsible for printing Hello world! on your standard output (usually screen). Naturally, procedure write prints the string which is given as a parameter. There is a similar procedure read which reads a line from standard input (usually keyboard). Save the program from the previous section to file helloworld.icn. Type in linux shell. The executable file named helloworld will be generated. You can run it now. The program consists of procedures. Every procedure begins with procedure reserved word followed by the name of the procedure and list of arguments (it can be empty). The procedure ends with end. All the instructions are separated by newline or semicolon.
Know Introducing Julia
The Julia programming language is easy to use, fast, and powerful. This course is intended as an introduction to the language for the less experienced and occasional programmer. For more learning materials, including links to books, videos, articles/blogs and notebooks, refer to the learning section at Julia's official site. The official Julia documentation is excellent, and you should refer to it as often as possible. The Julia community has established a good ethos of encouraging participation in the development of the language on github. The advantage of This course is that it's made and edited by the Julia community – you can edit anything at any time. If you find something that's wrong, or unclear, feel free to correct it, or add examples. (Your first few edits are reviewed, just in case you have less than good intentions. And, as with the Wikipedia, you should expect your writing to be edited by others!) The focus should be largely on the new user, rather than the computer science expert.
Know Introduction to BASIC
BASIC was originally implemented as a combined computer language and command interpreter invented in 1964 at Dartmouth College by J. Kemeny and T. Kurtz. it was an important part of a project to make timeshared computer access available to a large community, in this case Dartmouth College. It was first implemented on a GE 225 computer. BASIC combines both programming and computer control into a single interface. The language is a simple set of variable assignments, control flow and data handling. It was designed to be easier for most users than Fortran, but the Dartmouth version, surprisingly, included matrix operations which have not been part of most other implementations. The computer control allows the user to perform simple commands such as file save & load and program start and stop. Because BASIC can be interpreted, and because more or less useful variants can be implemented with a small interpreter, it was an attractive choice as a high-level language for the earliest microcomputers. BASIC interpreters were generally supplied burned into ROMs which were limited (in affordable sizes) to 2KB or 4KB. Apple supplied its IntegerBASIC in ROM with the Apple II; Microsoft began as a specialist in providing ROMed BASICs to assorted computer vendors, including Atari, Altair (the original Microsoft product!), Commodore (PET / VIC-20 / 64), Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 1, 2, etc and the Color Computer), and even, rather later on, IBM in its earliest PC models (ie, BASICA). Because the amount of RAM available on many of these early machines was severely limited, most of the ROMed BASICS had an extremely limited and abbreviated syntax to permit more than toy programs to fit into the installed RAM. Inevitably, this produced an opaque and obscure programming style. For instance, in most Microsoft BASICs, commented lines could begin with a single "'" character, rather than the original "REM", most commands could be abbreviated to the first letter ("L" for "LET"), variable names could be similarly contracted, and so on.
Learn Irony - Language Implementation Kit
Irony is a development kit for implementing languages on the .NET platform. It uses the flexibility and power of the C# language and .NET Framework 3.5 to implement a completely new and streamlined technology of compiler construction. Unlike most existing yacc/lex-style solutions, Irony does not employ any scanner or parser code generation from grammar specifications written in a specialized meta-language. In Irony, the target language grammar is coded directly in C# using operator overloading to express grammar constructs. Irony's scanner and parser modules use the grammar encoded as a C# class to control the parsing process. The Irony project is hosted on CodePlex. Do not fill out yet as code base is subject to major changes in this area!
Learning D With Project Euler
D is a systems programming language. Its focus is on combining the power and high performance of C and C++ with the programmer productivity of modern languages like Ruby and Python. Special attention is given to the needs of quality assurance, documentation, management, portability and reliability.[1] Project Euler is a website dedicated to a series of math problems intended to be solved with computer programs. Each problem has been designed according to a "one-minute rule", which means that an efficient implementation will allow a solution to be obtained on a modestly powered computer in less than one minute.[2] In this article, I pick some problems and show you how to solve them with D. First, we need a D compiler. All the examples below use dmd 2.0.32, you can download it from the official website. Extract the compiler from the zip file and try compiling the "Hello World" program: If you are using Windows, simply run something like this:
Explore Linoleum
L.In.O.L.E.U.M. (also called Linoleum or Lino) is a programming language developed by Alessandro Ghignola. It is an assembler, easier than native assembly, and twice as fast as C/C++. Uniquely it is designed to be recompilable across CPUs. Compilers are free. Versions exist for Linux and Windows, although the Linux port is currently incomplete (most features are working). Currently, compilable files use the extension ".txt". After installing, in Windows, right-clicking on a txt file gives the option to read into notepad (as usual) or compile into a Linoleum executable file ".exe". Code is cleaner and simpler than C, with comments appearing in parentheses (like so), which seems rather obvious and then someone does it. Code from MyLinoClock4.0:A tutorial to introduce Linoleum to people new to programming has been written by the user known on the anynowhere.com community as Ponche. It is available there, along with French and Italian translations and an editable version, in the "l.in.oleum" section under "Advice For Newbies".
Know REALbasic
Welcome to the REALbasic community maintained manual for beginning and intermediate users of the REALbasic computer programming language. This project is not an effort to recreate existing REALbasic documentation. Instead, our goal is create materials that can be used to teach programming skills using REALbasic. We want contributors to assume the readers of these pages are new not only to REALbasic, but to programming in general. Our goal is a complete beginners' guide to programming, not a guide to advanced techniques in REALbasic. Teachers and students are our primary audience. A secondary audience would be those individuals wanting to learn programming independently using REALbasic. To contribute to this project, please adhere to the standard book structure. We will also develop a Style Guide for this specific manual. It is key that all conventions be followed to ensure the print output generation functions properly.
Discover TeX
TeX is a language used to typeset documents, especially ones containing mathematics. It has both programming and mark-up features. In This course we will describe "primitive TeX"—the basic engine for the macro languages plain TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and so on. If you are new to TeX, then this is probably not what you want to read: you may be looking for LaTeX, a macro package for TeX that makes it easier to produce standard documents. TeX is Donald Knuth's macro language, written to typeset documents. TeX can in principle be used for any kind of program (it is a Turing complete programming language). The canonical source for learning the TeX language, both to write documents and to program, is the TeXbook by Donald Knuth. There's also a comprehensive programmer's reference called TeX by topic which the author has generously made available free at his website as well as TeX for the Impatient. We describe the basic anatomy of TeX: the registers, the parameters, and other resource that affect the processing of a TeX source file.
Learn OpenGL 4.0 Shading Language
OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language. It was created by the OpenGL ARB (OpenGL Architecture Review Board) to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline without having to use ARB assembly language or hardware-specific languages.
Introduction and features
Functions and control structures
Compilation and execution
Other shading languages
Is learning Fundamentals in Programming hard?
In the field of Fundamentals in Programming learning from a live instructor-led and hand-on training courses would make a big difference as compared with watching a video learning materials. Participants must maintain focus and interact with the trainer for questions and concerns. In Qwikcourse, trainers and participants uses DaDesktop , a cloud desktop environment designed for instructors and students who wish to carry out interactive, hands-on training from distant physical locations.
Is Fundamentals in Programming a good field?
For now, there are tremendous work opportunities for various IT fields. Most of the courses in Fundamentals in Programming is a great source of IT learning with hands-on training and experience which could be a great contribution to your portfolio.
Fundamentals in Programming Online Courses, Fundamentals in Programming Training, Fundamentals in Programming Instructor-led, Fundamentals in Programming Live Trainer, Fundamentals in Programming Trainer, Fundamentals in Programming Online Lesson, Fundamentals in Programming Education

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Member of the NYS AHEC System.
and/or a familiarity with Health Services. Click here for details.
Information for Internships, Volunteering & other Student Placements can be found here.
Catskill Hudson AHEC and New York State AHEC are pleased to partner with Project TEACH (Training and Education for the Advancement of Children's Health) to promote mental wellness resources to ensure that all children and families lead the best lives possible.
Free Second Annual Forum on Innovative Practices in Prevention Science for Pediatric Primary Care Providers.
Since 1972, The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) has been building healthy communities by connecting primary health care providers to areas of the United States with limited access to care. To explore the many facets and benefits of NHSC, click here.
For additional details, please contact our staff to be added to our distribution list.
Download the Flyer & Order Form here.


Take your mobile search marketing to the next level.
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By using PLAs and mobile bid multipliers, we were able to maximise sales at a target ROI and extract every piece of traffic possible from the mobile channel. Within a year of implementing mobile PLAs, these ads now comprise 22 percent of all Zee & Co's PLA conversions — all this with an average cost-per-click 10 pence lower than that of desktop.
Contact us today to discuss how we can take your mobile strategy to the next level.


text:
"""Export 3D FDTD simulation as compressed lzma

I use this file to compress ~600MB of data by a factor of 1000 using
lzma compression. The data is downsampled with the parameter `skip`
"""
import os
from os.path import join
import numpy as np
import tempfile

try:
    import lzma
except ImportError:
    from backports import lzma

import tarfile

def compress_folder_lzma(folder, outname="sino"):
    """
    Compress the contents of a folder using lzma compression method.
    """
    outtar = outname+".tar"
    outtarlzma = outname+".tar.lzma"

    # first create one big tarfile
    with tarfile.open(outtar, "w") as t:
        prev = os.path.abspath(os.curdir)
        os.chdir(folder)
        for f in os.listdir("./"):
            t.add(f)
        os.chdir(prev)

    # then compress with lzma
    with lzma.LZMAFile(outtarlzma, "wb", preset=9 | lzma.PRESET_EXTREME) as l:
        with open(outtar, "rb") as t:
            a = t.read()
            l.write(a)

    os.remove(outtar)

def write_license(folder):
    with open(join(folder, "license.txt"), "w") as f:
        f.write("""This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/""")

def write_readme(folder, skip=2):
    with open(join(folder, "readme.txt"), "w") as f:
        f.write("""This archive contains finite difference time domain simulation results
created with the meep package. The data is background corrected
and numerically refocused. The projections are equally distributed
between 0 and 2PI. The FDTD data is downsampled by a factor of {}
and the real and imaginary values are rounded to the second decimal
digit. The phantom data is rounded to the third decimal digit.""".format(skip))

def write_info(folder, kw):
    with open(join(folder, "fdtd_info.txt"), "w") as f:
        for k in kw:
            f.write("{} = {}\n".format(k, kw[k]))

def export_sinogram(sinoname, phantomname, outname):
    out = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    print("TEMP:", out)
    #sinoname = "sinogram_lmeas123.5_ts-1_af_phantom_3d_A0180_R13_T00015000_Nmed1.333_Ncyt1.365_Nnuc1.36_Nleo1.387.npy"
    #sinoname = "sinogram_lmeas123.5_ts-1_af_phantom_3d_tilted_A0220_R13_T00015000_Nmed1.333_Ncyt1.365_Nnuc1.36_Nleo1.387_volmax30.0_scale1.0.npy"
    #phantomname = "ri_reference.npy"

    skip = 2  # make sure that angles are dividable by skip

    # SINOGRAM
    sino = np.load(sinoname)
    angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, sino.shape[0], endpoint=False)
    sino2 = sino[:, ::skip, ::skip]
    angles2 = angles[::skip]

    for ii in range(sino2.shape[0]):
        np.savetxt(join(out, "field_{:03d}_real.txt".format(
            ii)), sino2[ii].real, fmt="%.2f")
        np.savetxt(join(out, "field_{:03d}_imag.txt".format(
            ii)), sino2[ii].imag, fmt="%.2f")

    # REFERENCE
    phantom = np.load(phantomname)
    phantom2 = phantom[::skip, ::skip, ::skip]
    for ii in range(phantom2.shape[0]):
        np.savetxt(join(out, "phantom_{:03d}_real.txt".format(
            ii)), phantom2[ii].real, fmt="%.3f")

    # get parameters
    parm = sinoname.split("_")
    for p in parm:
        if p.startswith("R"):
            res = float(p[1:])/skip
        if p.startswith("Nmed"):
            nmed = float(p[4:])

    write_info(out, {"nm": nmed,
                     "res": res,
                     "lD": 0,
                     #"tilt_yz":0.2,
                     })

    write_license(out)
    write_readme(out, skip=skip)

    #outname="fdtd_3d_sino_A{:d}_R{:.3f}".format(sino.shape[0], res)
    #outname="fdtd_3d_sino_A{:d}_R{:.3f}_tiltyz0.2".format(sino.shape[0], res)

    compress_folder_lzma(out, outname=outname)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I spend a lot of time on the command line, working with Unix commands. (If you don't, you can check out my talk Practical Unix for Ruby and Rails). Over the years, I have configured and tweaked my shell to my liking. Most unix configuration is done in "dotfiles", which are configuration files read by Unix utilities, usually residing in you home directory and named with a . in front, from which their name is derived.
I keep my dotfiles in a github repository. This let's me track my changes in a familiar way and sync more than one computer. It is especially helpful when setting up a new machine: I check out the repository and link the files. See rcm for a handy utility to manage the linking.
Most dotfiles contain preferences that can be shared publicly to the whole world, like .git, .zshrc, .bash_profile, etc. However, some are sensitive - like .netrc or .ssh - and should NOT be kept in a public repository, even though many people do. Until today, I used to keep those in a safe place separately and copy them manually to new machines.
git-crypt enabled transparent encryption and decryption of files inside a git repository. It leverages git filter mechanisms and gpg, a free implementation of OpenPGP standard, which provides public-private key cryptography. After following the rest of the instructions, you can keep an encrypted version of sensitive files into a public repository, without divulging any secrets AND work seamlessly with those files in your local machine.
The ins and outs of GPG are beyond the scope of this post. On my Mac I use GPGTools, which make setting up a private key very easy. Be sure to understand how to manage your keys: If you loose you private key or don't know the password, you won't be able to get any encrypted information back.
Edit the .gitattributes file. In it, you will direct git to use git-crypt as a filter for specific files (or pattern of files). Make sure that you do this before committing the sensitive files into git.
Next, give access to specific users. This is where the interaction with gpg comes in. Proceed to add yourself and any other user that you want to have access to the encrypted files (you will need to have their gpg public key in your keyring).
USERID is a key fingerprint or email.
After this, you can continue with business as usual. Use git as usual to stage, commit or diff your files. Locally, the files appear to be in plaintext, but when pushed to a remote repository they are encrypted binaries.
I am very happy with the new setup: I can work with my dotfiles in a single repository and keep sensitive information secure with strong encryption. As always, security requires some diligence on the user's part. git-crypt reduced the amount of inconvenience to a minimum and takes only a few minutes to setup, assuming you already know how to use gpg.


text:
HMRC suffer humiliating defeat in overseas pension scheme judicial review
In what can only be described as a humiliating capitulation, HMRC have conceded defeat during the course of a hotly contested judicial review hearing in the High Court.
HMRC withdrew the relevant assessments and were ordered to pay the applicants' costs on an indemnity basis. While HMRC's withdrawal means that a judgment is unlikely to be issued, the proceedings have been publicised by various investment advisers.1
Background to the judicial review application
The Recognised Overseas Self Invested International Pension Retirement Trust (Singapore) ('ROSIIP'), a personal pension scheme, was established in Singapore in 2007. ROSIIP's trust deed provided that any person (whether or not a Singapore resident) could be a member of that scheme. It was essential for ROSIIP that HMRC recognise it as a Qualified Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme ('QROPS') and include it in HMRC's public list of QROPS (the 'List'), which is updated twice a month. The List contains the names of pension schemes which have notified HMRC that they meet the conditions to be a QROPS, and asked HMRC to be included in the List. The advantage of being a listed scheme is that no tax is chargeable on transfers of funds into the scheme.
In 2006 HMRC accepted that ROSIIP was a QROPS and included it in the List on the basis of draft documents provided by ROSIIP's trustee (the 'Trustee') and an assertion by the Trustee that (a) Singapore residents could join ROSIIP and (b) there was no mechanism for the Singapore tax authorities to approve, recognise or register ROSIIP.
A significant number of UK pension holders transferred their pensions to ROSIIP, apparently relying in good faith on ROSIIP's inclusion in the List. HMRC decided in 2008 that ROSIIP was not a QROPS. ROSIIP'S recognition was withdrawn and it was delisted. If this was correct, all funds hitherto paid into ROSIIP were unauthorised transfers, giving rise to tax charges of up to 55% (i.e. a 40% charge plus a 15% surcharge, with interest and penalties likely to follow).
In 2011 the Trustee applied to the High Court for an order requiring HMRC to recognise ROSIIP as a QROPS. This argument failed in the High Court2 and, on appeal, in the Court of Appeal3 on the grounds that ROSIIP had failed to show that (a) Singapore residents could join it and (b) there was no mechanism in Singapore for the tax authorities to approve, recognise or register ROSIIP.
Judicial review proceedings
ROSIIP members applied for judicial review in the High Court claiming the delisting infringed:
EU law (in that it restricted the free movement of capital between an EU member state and a non-EU state);
The European Convention of Human Rights law (in that the circumstances of the assessments were such that the applicants could not have foreseen they would subsequently be chargeable); and
English public law (in that the applicants had a legitimate expectation that HMRC would not retrospectively alter their tax treatment of ROSIIP).
A group litigation order ('GLO') was made in 2012 and permission to apply for judicial review was granted in May 2013. The substantive application was heard by Charles J in the High Court over four days in June 2013. He is reported to have been critical of HMRC, describing their behaviour as "shameful" and "aggressive", and taking them to task for failing to make full disclosure. He was apparently particularly critical of HMRC's attempt to distinguish this case from another delisted scheme in relation to which HMRC had not raised a tax charge. He rejected HMRC's application to withdraw from the case, saying he would only permit this if HMRC undertook to issue within 21 days a public policy statement clearly setting out their position in relation to QROPS. Failing that, he would hand down judgment.
HMRC were probably confident that the judicial review would fail in the light of their success against the Trustee in the earlier High Court and Court of Appeal proceedings. The reality is that those proceedings determined the technical issue of whether or not ROSIIP was a QROPS, whereas the judicial review was concerned with how HMRC had administered the QROPS regime.
The Judge criticised the aggression with which HMRC had pursued ROSIIP. HMRC's approach can possibly be explained, but not condoned, as the product of a growing tendency to view every tax dispute as inevitably involving tax avoidance (HMRC appear to be concerned that QROPS are being improperly utilised).
A further concern is HMRC's decision to continue fighting this case despite having afforded more favourable treatment in relation to a similar scheme. The Judge rejected HMRC's contention that the two schemes were distinguishable. What is especially troubling is that a senior HMRC lawyer is said to have been of the view that the two cases were materially similar.
The Judge's criticism of HMRC's attempt to withhold relevant evidence is of particular concern. The question arises whether HMRC's conduct in this case reflects a move towards a 'win at all costs' approach to litigation. Although one is hesitant to reach such a conclusion on the basis of this case alone - in which so much appears to have gone wrong - the case does highlight serious errors of judgment on HMRC's part.
Perhaps not surprisingly, HMRC appeared keen to withdraw and settle the case once they ran into difficulties and their conduct began to attract adverse judicial comment. When the Judge demanded that HMRC provide a policy statement, this was apparently resisted by HMRC on the ground that it might be relied on by those seeking to use QROPS improperly (HMRC also stated that they were already carrying out a high level review of QROPS). The Judge is reported to have insisted that the public are entitled to know what HMRC's policy is. HMRC have not yet published a policy statement but they are believed to have filed relevant documents at the High Court. It will be interesting to see what is finally published.4
The current version of the List contains clear health warnings such as that (a) the List does no more than provide an indication to interested parties that a listed scheme has notified HMRC that it meets the conditions necessary to be a QROPS; (b) HMRC may temporarily remove a scheme from the List while a review is carried out; and (c) if a scheme is incorrectly included in the List, any transfer could give rise to an unauthorised payments charge and surcharge for the member and to a sanction charge for the scheme administrator. This must inevitably result in a worrying uncertainty for potential investors in QROPS, which is compounded by HMRC's willingness to withdraw recognition without warning.5
HMRC's administration of the QROPS regime has at times fallen below the required standard. For example, 432 schemes were mistakenly omitted from the List published on 1 July 2013, apparently because of a technical glitch. HMRC apologised for this error.6
This case has also demonstrates the value of a well-targeted discovery application against HMRC. Other scheme members may also benefit from it, but only to the extent that they are not precluded from doing so by strict judicial review time limits and the terms of the GLO. The case may also have application in other areas of tax where HMRC have issued documents similar to the List and have failed to apply them consistently to all relevant taxpayers.
1 An example is: http://www.accountancylive.com/croner/jsp/editorialDetails/category/Accountancy-Live/in-Practice/editorial/HMRC-capitulation-in-Rosiip-Qrops-case
2 Equity Trust Singapore Ltd v HMRC [2011] STC 1830.
3 Equity Trust Singapore Ltd v HMRC [2012] STC 998.
4 http://international-adviser.com/news/retirement/hmrc-files-documents-in-rosiip-case
5 An example is: http://www.ftadviser.com/2012/04/20/regulation/regulators/hmrc-axe-falls-on-guernsey-qrops-as-schemes-closed-2KqOIwrVXeP46oD9tyalUO/article.html
6 http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/pensionschemes/news.htm


text:
Special Considerations for Cancer Cases
by Robert Krughoff
Last updated in July 2016
It is important to choose a top-quality institution for the treatment of cancer, whether inpatient or outpatient. Choice of such an institution might have a big effect on the long-term outcome.
The types of cases used in our calculation of risk-adjusted death rates did not include cases in which cancer was the diagnosis listed as the primary reason for hospital admission. Calculating risk-adjusted death rates is not as meaningful for cancer cases as for many other types of cases. Often, what the hospital does can have little or no effect on whether the patient dies within 90 days after hospital admission, which is the period for which the hospital death rates were calculated. The death from cancer may be unavoidable, and the hospital's efforts may be focused on pain reduction or treatment of secondary problems. Some hospitals may have a higher proportion of advanced cancer cases than other hospitals have, depending in part on community customs and resources for treating such cases in nursing homes, hospices, or other settings.
Nonetheless, it is important to choose a top-quality institution for the treatment of cancer, whether inpatient or outpatient. Choice of such an institution might have a big effect on the long-term outcome.
One indication of an institution's competence in the treatment of cancer is designation by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a Comprehensive Cancer Center or a Clinical Cancer Center. This designation is given to major academic and research institutions throughout the United States with broad-based, coordinated, interdisciplinary programs in cancer research. These institutions have been selected by NCI for scientific excellence and capability to integrate a diversity of research approaches to focus on the problem of cancer. In addition to doing research, the institutions also treat patients.
A further indication of an institution's competence in treating cancer is membership in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN is a not-for-profit alliance of leading cancer centers. It seeks to help member institutions to do excellent research, measure the outcomes of the care they provide, and provide state-of-the-art cancer care to as many patients as possible.
Hospitals Rated nationwide
Overview of Our Hospital Ratings
Why Your Choice of Hospital Matters
Learning About Your Case
Details on the Data Used for Our Hospital Ratings
Other Information You Can Gather On Your Own
How to Get Good Care Wherever You Go
Hospitals Recognized for Excellence in Nursing Services
Medical Research: Resources for Doing Your Own
Medical Tests & Procedures: Efforts to Reduce Unnecessary Care


A newly constructed hotel aims to draw tourists to an area affected by Sri Lanka's 26-year civil war.
An ice factory revives the seafood industry in war-torn Jaffna.
Private sector investment helps small-scale dairy producers improve milk quality and productivity, and increase sales.
Rebuilding farmers' confidence through improved financial transparency and regulatory oversight.
The Zambia Fodder Pilot Project (ZFP) made fodder seeds available and accessible to the first-ever registered fodder seed growers in Zambia.
When Helen Usiri established Nronga Women's Cooperative in 1987, the men in her community predicted her business would collapse. Yet, she has silenced her skeptics with the cooperative's success.
The Marukeni Women's Cooperative and its success has given its members greater economic power and more respect in society.
A determined headmistress reopens a girls' school once inundated by floodwaters.
From schoolteacher to a confident and prominent leader, Farzana Buriro is dismantling inequality in her community.


The aging process brings about a myriad of challenges for those fortunate enough to live long enough to face them. As stress and health issues shift from things like occupational demands and exercise frequency, to a long overdue visit from a grandchild and managing medications, seniors may find the company of pets the most rewarding diversion.
The known benefits of Animal therapy are increasing and are becoming more popular in senior communities. Not only do seniors enjoy the benefits of animal therapy, but it has been proven to lower blood pressure, alleviate depression and bring a smile to ones face. Several studies have been done showing positive results in seniors of various care levels ranging from raising spirits of those whom had recently lost friends or loved ones to calming aggression/anxiety in seniors with Alzheimer's disease. One study showed lasting results from installing an aquarium in their senior community dining room. After installation, there was an overall increase in mealtime consumption resulting in healthy weight gain among the residents.
There are several groups that provided certified therapy animals and handlers. It is always a happy occasion when the therapy dogs come to visit. They also do room visits for residents who are unable to come out of their rooms, will jump on a bed when invited and give a snuggle to someone that has not been able to have their own dog for some time.
Whether it's a dog, cat, bird or fish, introduction of animal friends is a great way to promote socialization and minimize loneliness among those living in senior communities.


text:
Home » News & Events » MRO News » MROI Vehicles Volunteered to Aid in Relief Effort for Navajo Nation
Now, more than ever, it is vital that we as a community support one another. In this regard, the MROI proudly stepped up to aid the Alamo community by helping to deliver water, an undertaking that took combined efforts of local government, community members, and the quick thinking and driving spirit of Tara Jaramillo, owner of Positive Outcomes, Inc.
On May 1st, a water truck was loaned by the MROI to be filled with water from the nearby community of Magdalena. Socorro County employees then drove the precious cargo to Alamo, a rural community and the largest found in the Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation.
"They have approximately 3000 people living in the area. Many areas must haul water for daily use. Electricity is not always available nor is cell phone service. Food insufficiency is often an issue as well," Tara Jaramillo said of the issues currently faced by the people living in Alamo.
These issues were compounded by the spread of CoVid-19, but Jaramillo, Positive Outcomes, Inc, and countless others rose to the challenge to help our fellow New Mexicans. "We began a food distribution for the families whom we serve and quickly had more requests. Two weeks later we participated in an even larger food distribution campaign with donations from the City of Deming and the NM Wildlife aAssociation. We were able to distribute 3000 pounds of food and water. Verizon also hopped on board and brought a satellite hotspot tower and distributed 25 phones to the area. In the weeks that followed, we received donations of gallons of hand sanitizer, water and face masks from Sen. Heinrich and Rep. Torres Small and we began to share stories of homes without water."
One evening, Jaramillo received a phone call from a community member requesting help in getting water to the area. "Harold Peralto shared that the shelter-in-place and 57 hour curfews were making it almost impossible for people to collect and store water that was gathered at a local windmill. He asked that I come out and see the area. Harold's words, 'Water is the only vaccine we know that will stop this. We need it to sanitize and we need it to live.'"
Jaramillo reached out to Socorro mayor Ravi Bhasker and together they began to formulate a plan that would bring water to the people most in need. Eight 500 gallon water tanks were purchased and calls for help were sent out to New Mexico Tech and Magdalena. It was at this time that the MROI water truck was offered as a means of transport.
Normally, the MROI uses the truck to bring water up to the observatory. "There is no infrastructure that pipes water up to the top of the mountain, so we have to fill up the water truck here in Socorro and drive it up all the way to the top of the mountain and fill the tank up there one truck load of water at a time," says MROI's Lead Engineer of Operations, Isaac Salayandia. "We occasionally will use the water truck for maintaining the road but that is a bit more of a rare occurrence for us."
"Many wonderful people from the community came together to solve a problem for this area", says Jaramillo. "However, the fight is not over. Alamo still requires assistance through this pandemic. This community of 3000 has had 32 cases and lost 2 members. The needs are vast and the fear immense and they are now within the "hot spot". of New Mexico's fight of Covid-19. Positive Outcomes continues with distribution of masks and gloves to the clinic and EMS, toilet paper, bleach and food throughout this pandemic and hope to support Alamo to better days in the future."
A link to a donation page and information on how to help were provided by Jaramillo and can be found at the bottom of this page.
Donation site for tribal communities:
Native American Relief Fund – New Mexico Community Foundation
Localized donations can be made directly by contacting the Alamo Navajo Tribal Council representative Inez Herrera:
Administration: 575.854.2543
Clinic: 575.854.2626
Alamo, NM 87825
Image Credit: Tara Jaramillo


text:
BMW Automotive
BMW Enthusiasts page
by BMW AutomotivePosted on 18th January 2021
BMW will enter a new digital era in 2021. For the first time, you will be able to buy a BMW car online. The feature will initially be available in…
Despite a difficult 2020 year, BMW reported some promising sales numbers. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most automakers, including BMW, expected lower sales than the previous year. But there were…
E92 BMW M3 Takes on GT-R and 911 Turbo in C&D Retro Review
Inject these retro reviews into my veins. Every time Car and Driver, Motor Trend or Road & Track releases one of their reviews from years and years ago, especially those…
Pirelli offers 78 OEM fitments for the BMW 8 Series
Pirelli tire maker announces today that a total of 78 original equipment homologations have been tailor-made for the latest versions of the BMW 8 Series Coupe, Gran Coupe, and Convertible.…
VIDEO: Check Top Gear's Rolls-Royce Ghost Review
This new Rolls-Royce Ghost is an interesting car in the brand's lineup. The Ghost is supposed to be the entry-level car (if you can call a car that costs more…
BMWBLOG Podcast Episode 43 — We Talk the Best Cars of 2020 and More
In our latest episode of the BMWBLOG Podcast, and the very first episode of 2021, Horatiu joins me as we talk about some of the more interesting topics surrounding BMW…
BMW M8 Gran Coupe Competition vs Audi RS7 Sportback — Sexy Sedan Battle
Personally, I have some criticisms of the BMW M8 Gran Coupe Competition, a car that I wanted so much to love but just don't. However, there's one thing that I…
VIDEO: Learn About the Tires on the New BMW M3 and M4
One of the more forgotten aspect of performance and how it progresses over the years is tire technology. Tires have become so much more advanced than they were even five-to-ten…
VIDEO: BMW M5 Competition vs Audi RS6 Avant — Track Battle
The BMW M5 Competition is a brilliant machine but it also some some incredible competition. For one reason or another, some customers might prefer either the Mercedes-AMG E63 S or…
BMW to Cancel its Subscription Service After Nearly Three Years
Back in 2018, BMW started a trial subscription service, as part of a trend at the time, a trend that was followed by several other premium automakers. The idea was…
© Copyright 2021 – BMW Automotive


Teaching is a demanding profession, but it is incredibly rewarding. I suggest that all prospective teachers take advantage of their early field experiences in the school. These learning experiences allow them to see different teachers in a variety of school settings. It is important that someone considering teaching learn all that she can about the profession and about the different facets of a teacher's job.


Go big or go home. Built to beat big fish, again and again.
Single, powerful rattles echo like knuckles on a door. Fish have to answer.
Why is the Lucky 13 still in the line after 50 years? Because it murders trout and reds inshore and every freshwater predator that exists.
In the late 1890s James Heddon launched a hand-made lure into a Dowagiac, Mich., pond and the ripples are still expanding. It marked the beginning of a new era – the artificial-lure fishing era – for all anglers. Established in 1894, Heddon Lures is the oldest lure company still producing quality fishing products. Heddon is the manufacturer of legendary lures, including the Spook, Torpedo, Lucky 13 and many more, and these lures follow the same innovative vision James Heddon captured more than 100 years ago. Bass, redfish, trout, pike… make some fishing history with Heddon Lures.


text:
Q: Larvel Update and Destroy route not working
The accept button has the route route('members.update', $member->id)
The deny button has the route route('members.destroy',   $member->id)
These are the cards:
@foreach ($members as $member)

                                Full name:

 {{ $member->firstname }} {{ $member->lastname }}

                                Birthdate:

{{ date('d-m-Y', strtotime($member->birthdate)) }}

                                Student id:

{{ $member->studentid }}

                                Discord:

{{ $member->discordname }}{{ $member->discordtag }}

                            <form method="PATCH" action="{{ route('members.update', $member->id) }}">
                                @method('PATCH')
                                <button class="bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-700 text-white font-bold py-2 px-4 rounded mr-2">Accept</button>
                                @csrf
                            </form>
                            <form method="DELETE" action="{{ route('members.destroy',   $member->id) }}">
                                @method('DELETE')
                                <button class="bg-red-500 hover:bg-red-700 text-white font-bold py-2 px-4 rounded">Deny</button>
                                @csrf
                            </form>

            @endforeach

And this is my controller:
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\Member;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class MemberController extends Controller {

    public function index() {
        $members = Member::where(['status' => false])->get();
        return view('dashboard')->with(['members' => $members]);
    }

    public function show($id) {
        $members = Member::where(['id' => $id])->get();
        return view('dashboard')->with(['members' => $members]);
    }

    public function store(Request $request) {
        $validatedData = $request->validate([
            'firstname' => 'required|max:255|alpha|min:2',
            'lastname' => 'required|max:255|alpha|min:2',
            'studentid' => 'required|integer|alpha_num',
            'birthdate' => 'required|date',
            'discordname' => 'required|max:255',
            'discordtag' => 'required|max:255|size:5'
        ]);

        $member = new Member;

        $member->firstname = $request->firstname;
        $member->lastname = $request->lastname;
        $member->studentid = $request->studentid;
        $member->birthdate = $request->birthdate;
        $member->discordname = $request->discordname;
        $member->discordtag = $request->discordtag;
        $member->status = false;

        $member->save();

        return \redirect()->route('index');
    }

    public function update($id) {
        die;
        $member = Member::find($id);
        $member->status = 1;
        $member->save();
        return \redirect()->route('dashboard');
    }

    /**
     * TODO - SEND EMAIL ON DELETE
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function destroy($id) {
        DB::delete('delete members where id = ?', [$id]);
    }

    public function accepted($id) {
        update($id);
    }
}

My routes:

When i click the accept or deny button it sends me to this link: http://hit.localhost.nl/members/3?_method=PATCH&_token=0g5odDLEKCicceDOf4EuPMGIB1X95cwWHGMxMqcR
And runs the show() function instead of the update or destroy functions. What am i doing wrong here?

A: method="PATCH" and method="DELETE" don't exist, just get, post and dialog. Change both of those to method="post".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you know the ingredients that are in your sunscreen? Not many people do. But that's ok – you only need to know about the 'safe' ingredient – zinc oxide. And that's what this sunscreen has to protect your baby (6 months and older) and children from sun exposure without layering them in the sunscreens flooding the market that contain harmful chemicals.
LITTLE URCHIN Natural Sunscreen is made with no nasties, is preservative free and is suitable for the whole family as a body and face sunscreen. Free of any dangerous chemicals, it does not contain any UV absorbers, titanium dioxide, parabens, synthetic preservatives or synthetic fragrances.
LITTLE URCHIN Natural Sunscreen is a unique formula that provides UVA and UVB broad spectrum protection from the sun while also being 3-hours water resistant to provide protection while swimming, playing sports or simply spending time in the sun.
LITTLE URCHIN Natural Sunscreen contains Certified Organic Ingredients including: •	Green Tea Extract •	Cucumber Extract •	Rosehip Extract Other ingredients include: Zinc Oxide, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Grape Vine (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil, Silica, Shea (Butyrospermum Parkii) Butter, Candelilla (Euphorbia Cerifera Cera) Wax, Bees (Cera Alba ) Wax, Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis Seed) Oil, Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Aqua, Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Leaf Extract, Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Seed Oil, Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) Fruit Extract, Glycerin, Rosehip (Rosa Canina) Fruit Oil.


We strive to do this by creating opportunities that will bring people into a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, while building meaningful relationships with others. Please take a moment to check out all of the great opportunities for you and your family to get involved, grow in faith and be challenged to be all that God wants you to be.
A program of Bible teaching and activities geared towards children K-4 to 1st grade. King's Kids is offered during our Sunday morning services. We have a fun and inviting area that preschoolers will love!
A program of Bible teaching, songs, and activities geared towards children ages 3 through 12. PV Kids is offered in the lower level during our Sunday moring services.
Girls in K through 6th grade are welcome to attend Wednesday evenings at 7:00 PM. We provide an educational program designed to teach girls and boys* Biblical principles. Please fill out THIS FORM if you would like more information to be sent to you!
*Rainbows: Girls and Boys, 3-4 years old.
Boys will enjoy learning God's word and Biblical values as well as fun-filled activities. Boys in K through 6th grade are welcome to attend Wednesday evenings at 7:00 PM. Please fill out THIS FORM if you would like more information to be sent to you!
Zero One Discipleship takes place on Sunday mornings at 11:00 AM in the red building.
Girlfriends is all about women inspiring women with God's truths. Meetings are on Wednesday evenings at 7:00 PM in the building located behind the church.
Men meet each Wednesday at 7:00 PM in the upstairs community room at ShopRite in Brodheadsville.
Men's breakfast takes place on the first Saturday of each month at 8:00 AM in the lower level of the church.
Seniors, 55 years and older, meet the third Friday of the month at noon for a word of encouragement, fellowship, fun and a deliciously prepared lunch. Various activities are announced throughout the year.
Groups meet in homes across the area and simply do life together, laughing and growing in all seasons of life.
If you would like to join a Life Group, please contact Mandy Anderson for more information.
If you're interested in hosting a Life Group at your house, please fill out THIS form!
Pleasant Valley Community Outreach is a ministry that prepares and serves a hot meal to those in need of nourishment and a word of encouragement. We also have a clothes closet for those in need of clothing.
Bringing hope and compassion by sharing our faith and preaching the good news of God's word to the men and women that are incarcerated here in the Poconos.
Loving Hands is a ministry where quilts are made to bring comfort to babies and adults who are in need. Everyone is welcome to come out and be a part of this ministry!


text:
CAIO Induscar (empresa resultat de la fusió entre Induscar i l'antiga CAIO) és un fabricant brasiler de carrosseries d'autobusos, microbusos adaptats per a càrrega i usos especials.

CAIO Induscar va ser fundada per un grup d'empresaris per a salvar la Companhia Americana Industrial de Ônibus (CAIO, Companyia Industrial d'Amèrica de l'autobús), que a finals de 1990 va passar per dificultats financeres. El 2001 va ser integrat al grup Induscar.

Actualment a més del mercat de Brasil, exporta a Sud-àfrica, Angola, Xile, Costa Rica, Equador, Estats Units d'Amèrica, Jordània, Líban, Nigèria, Perú, Polinèsia Francesa, República Dominicana, Singapur i Trinitat i Tobago, entre altres països.

La Companhia Americana Industrial de Ônibus (CAIO) va ser fundada a São Paulo, al barri de Penha el 1945, per l'immigrant italià José Massa, besavi del pilot brasiler de Fórmula 1 Felipe Massa. Entre 1945 i 1982, la fàbrica es trobava al carrer Guaiaúna del barri de Penha de la ciutat de Sao Paulo, però el 1982 es va obrir una nova fàbrica a la ciutat de Botucatu, a l'estat de São Paulo. Aquesta fàbrica compta amb una superfície de 400.000 m² (dels quals un quart construïda) i la capacitat de producció és de cuaranta autobusos per dia.

Va produir milers de carrosseries venudes a tot el Brasil. El 2001 el Grup Ruas va prendre el control de CAIO a través d'Induscar. El març de 2009, Induscar definitivament es va convertir en propietària de la marca i del parc industrial. L'abril del 2013, l'empresa va anunciar la construcció d'una nova fàbrica a la ciutat de Barra Bonita, a l'Estat de São Paulo (Brasil). Es va fer una inversió de 25.000.000 R$ i va generar cinc cents llocs de treball directes i tres mil indirectes. La nova fàbrica va començar a funcionar a principis de 2014.

Models actuals
Autobús urbà
 Millennium IV (2016 - present)
 Apache Vip IV (2014 - present)
 Millennium BRT (2012 - present)
 Millenniun BRT Padron (2012 - present)
 Millennium BRT Articulado (2012 - present)
 Millennium BRT Super Articulado (2012/2013 - present)
 Millennium BRT Biarticulado (2012 - present)

 Mondego H (2005 - present)
 Mondego HA (2005 - present)
 Mondego L (2005 - present)
 Mondego LA (2006 - present)

Midibús
 Foz Super 2009 (2009 - present)

Microbús
 Atilis (2007 - present)
 Foz 2013 (2013 - present)
 Mini Foz (2008 - present)

Autocar
 Giro 3200 (2004 - present)
 Giro 3400 (2003 - present)
 Giro 3600 (2003 - present)
 Solar 2013 (2013 - present)

Models desapareguts
 Autobús urbà
 Jardineira (1945 - 1958)
 Coach (1948 - 1958)
 Leyland (1952 - 1962)
 Jaraguá (1958 - 1968)
 Trólebus (1960 - 1961)
 Gaivota (1966 - 1976)
 Bela Vista I (1972 - 1974)
 Bela Vista II (1974 - 1976)
 Gabriela I (1975 - 1977)
 Itaipu (1976 - 1979)
 Cascavel (1976)
 Gabriela II (1977 - 1984)
 Amélia (1980 - 1988)
 Vitória (1988 - 1996)
 Monterrey (1994 - 1995)
 Alpha (1995 - 1999)
 Papa-Fila (1995 - 2003)
 Millennium (1997 - 2003)
 Apache S21 (1999 - 2007)
 Apache Vip I (2001 - 2008)
 Millennium II (2003 - 2011)
 Topbus (2004 - 2010)
 Apache Vip II (2008 - 2012)
 Apache S22 (2007 - 2012)
 Topbus PB (2009 - 2012)
 Apache Vip III (2012 - 2014)
 Millennium III (2011 - 2016)

 Midibús
 Foz Super (2005 - 2009)

 Microbús
 Verona (1969 - 1974)
 Andino (1973 - 1981)
 Carolina (1974 - 1984)
 Carolina 1984 (1984 - 1995)
 Mobile (1993 - 1995)
 Carolina 1995 (1995 - 2000)
 Piccolo (1997 - 2006)
 Piccolino (1998 - 2005)
 Bambino (2002)
 Foz (2005 - 2013)

 Autobús interurbà
 Aritana (1982 - 1987)
 Squalo (1985 - 1992)
 Vitória Intercity (1988 - 1996)
 Beta (1994)
 Alpha Intercity (1997 - 1999)
 Apache S21 Intercity (1999 - 2002)
 Apache Vip I Intercity (2001 - 2009)
 Solar Foz (2009 - 2012)

 Autocar
 Papaléguas (1959)
 Bossa Nova (1959 - 1966)
 Gaivota (1967 - 1976)
 Jubileu (1969 - 1977)
 Bandeirante (1971 - 1976)
 Corcovado (1974 - 1984)

Galeria d'imatges

Referències

Vegeu també
 Busologia

Enllaços externs

Fabricants d'autobusos del Brasil
Empreses de l'estat de São Paulo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Attorney: DOJ memo, other documents, exonerate Michael Flynn
By World Tribune on September 12, 2019
by WorldTribune Staff, September 12, 2019
Prosecutors in the case of Michael Flynn have dozens of documents that will vindicate the former national security adviser, including an internal Department of Justice memo, Flynn attorney Sidney Powell charged.
The documents include a purported memo a British national security adviser sent Flynn in early 2017 regarding the anti-Trump dossier authored by Christopher Steele, Powell said at a Sept. 10 court hearing. Powell is asking the court to compel prosecutors to provide her with the documents, including the DOJ memo.
Michael Flynn. / Photo by Gage Skidmore / Creative Commons / CC BY-SA 2.0
"The letter apparently disavows former British Secret Service Agent Christopher Steele, calls his credibility into question, and declares him untrustworthy," Powell said.
Also on the list of documents Powell is seeking are records of payments, memos or correspondence between former Cambridge professor Stefan Halper and the FBI, CIA or Defense Department.
Flynn's legal team is now seeking to have the case against him thrown out, accusing the prosecution of "egregious conduct and suppression" of possibly exculpatory evidence.
"So they had a lot of information that they didn't disclose," Powell said. "They also have knowledge of a letter from the British Embassy that completely discredits [Trump dossier author] Christopher Steele and undoes the whole Steele dossier debacle."
Powell said Flynn might not have entered a plea agreement had his defense team at the time had access to the government documents she is now seeking.
U.S. District Court Judge Emmett G. Sullivan scheduled a hearing for Oct. 31 to decide whether prosecutors owe Flynn's team additional documents.
Former British national security adviser Mark Lyall Grant sent a letter to Flynn after the Jan. 10, 2017 publication of the Steele dossier stating that the British government did not have confidence in Steele, according to congressional investigators, The Hill's John Solomon wrote in an op-ed on May 29.
Halper organized a February 2014 event Flynn attended at the University of Cambridge, while he served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. That event would later become the source of unfounded rumors that Flynn and a Cambridge academic, Svetlana Lokhova, had improper contacts.
News reports came out in March 2017 that U.S. intelligence officials received a warning about Flynn and Lokhova. But both have denied doing anything improper. Lokhova accused Halper in a lawsuit in May of being behind the news reports, which she claims are false.
Prosecutors said that Flynn was charged for misleading statements about his conversations with then-Russian ambassador to the U.S. Sergey Kislyak.
Powell also is seeking details of Flynn's phone calls with Kislyak, which were leaked to the media.
Powell is seeking FBI documents regarding any contacts between top Obama intelligence officials and Washington Post columnist David Ignatius, who published the Jan. 12, 2017 article that first revealed a phone call between Flynn and Kislyak. Ignatius' article preceded leaks of classified details of the Flynn-Kislyak phone calls.
Powell is also seeking the cellphone and home phone records of former National Intelligence Director James Clapper and Ignatius, as well as records of any interactions between Ignatius and former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, former CIA Director John Brennan and officials at several other federal agencies.
Powell said at the Sept. 10 hearing: "There never would have been a plea to begin with if the government had met its Brady obligation disclosing what it knew before Mr. Flynn entered a plea and, frankly, before he even made a proffer."
The "Brady material" complaint is in reference to the Supreme Court case Brady v. Maryland, which established the government's obligation to turn over all exculpatory evidence.
Judge Sullivan noted during the hearing that the Brady order takes precedence over Flynn's plea agreement.
"Judge Sullivan is obviously taking the Brady issues very seriously and clearly told the prosecutors that his Brady order stands regardless of the plea agreement or the plea," Powell told SaraACarter.com. "If the prosecutors here were seeking justice instead of a conviction, General Flynn would not have been prosecuted. They have been hiding evidence that he was exonerated in early 2017."
According to a transcript from the Sept. 10 court hearing, Powell said: "We've … learned that there was a letter dated January 30th, 2017, or an internal memo from the Department of Justice, that completely exonerates Mr. Flynn of being an agent of Russia, and that document has not been produced to us yet."
Prosecutor Brandon Van Grack said Powell's concerns were irrelevant: "The government has not alleged in any filings in this court or before the court that the defendant is an agent of Russia. That is not part of this case. That is not part of the act that he has pled guilty to. It was lying to the FBI about particular communications involving Russia, not being an agent of Russia."
Fox News, however, noted that the new developments "raise questions over the underlying offense that formed the basis for the initial FBI and DOJ investigation into Flynn."
In a Sept. 9 report, Fox News noted that McCabe told the White House in early February 2017 that the bureau was not considering Flynn for a potential Logan Act prosecution over contacts with the Russian ambassador before Donald Trump was sworn in as president.
McCabe was referring to the rarely prosecuted 200-year-old statute that bars American citizens from engaging with a foreign government without authorization from the current U.S. government.
The records also indicated that Flynn reported, on two separate occasions, in the days leading up to his White House firing, that FBI agents told him the bureau investigation was over or being closed out, the Fox News report said.
Flynn was never charged with improperly communicating with Kislyak, but in December 2017 pleaded guilty to a single count of making false statements as part of a plea deal with prosecutors.
Powell also suggested there is another document that hasn't been released. "It would be in the FBI computer system. There is just a plethora of information out there that we need the actual documents to support and the notes to support," she said.
Intelligence Brief __________ Replace The Media
Attorney: DOJ memo, dossier, exonerate Michael Flynn, Judge Emmett G. Sullivan, Michael Flynn, other documents, Sidney Powell, Stefan Halper, WorldTribune.com
Attorney: DOJ memo, other documents, exonerate Michael Flynn added by World Tribune on September 12, 2019


text:
Q: Explanation of $y = x \exp(\triangle)$ for a Lie Group Let $M$ be a non-compact matrix Lie group and $T_e M$ its lie algebra.
Consider a point $x \in M $ and $ \triangle \in T_e M$.
To move from $x$ to a point $y \in M$ along $\triangle$, below group operation seems to be commonly used in iterative optimization on Lie groups.
$y = x \exp(\triangle)$
Is this straight forward? How can this operation be explained?

A: If I understand your question correctly, the story is as follows.  The Lie group $M$ acts on itself by (left, say) translation, and this action is transitive and faithful.  From this, we can trivialize the tangent bundle to $M$, by identifying ${\rm T}_mM$ with ${\rm T}_eM$ via the differential of the "left-multiply by $m$" map.  In this way, a choice of $\Delta \in {\rm T}_eM$ determines (and indeed is the same as) a right-invariant vector field $\Delta \in \Gamma({\rm T}M)$.  It is complete, in the sense that even when $M$ is not compact, this vector field has arbitrary-length flow.  The map $x \mapsto x\exp(\Delta)$ is "flow by time $1$" for this vector field; in particular $\exp(\Delta)$ is defined by flowing for time $1$ starting at $e$.
Fix $x \in M$.  As $\Delta$ varies through ${\rm T}_eM$, the value of $x \exp(\Delta)$ smoothly varies over $M$.  For small $\Delta$, the map $\Delta \mapsto x\exp(\Delta)$ is a local diffeomorphism (the derivative of this map as $\Delta = 0$ is the left-translation map ${\rm T}_e M \to {\rm T}_x M$, and so is an isomorphism).  So when $y$ is close to $x$, there is a unique $\Delta$ close to $0$ with $y = x\exp \Delta$.
Note that there might be other solutions $\Delta$ to $y = x\exp \Delta$, but they necessarily have $\Delta$ "large".  Note also that when $x,y$ are not close together, then there is no guarantee that a solution exists at all (even if $M$ is connected).  (When $M$ is compact connected, there is necessarily a solution, but not in the noncompact case.)  The standard example is $M = {\rm SL}(2,\mathbb C)$, the group of complex $(2\times 2)$-matrices with determinant $1$.  The Lie algebra ${\rm T}_e M$ can be identified with the vector space $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb C)$ of complex $(2\times 2)$-matrices with trace $0$, and then the exponential map is the matrix exponential.  Every traceless $(2\times 2)$ matrix with nonzero eigenvalues has distinct eigenvalues, and hence is diagonalizable; therefore its exponential is also diagonalizable.  In particular, there does not exist a traceless $2\times 2$ matrix $\Delta$ with
$$ \exp(\Delta) = \begin{pmatrix} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix} $$
as this matrix is not diagonalizable, but its eigenvalues are not $1$ so it is not the exponential of a matrix with eigenvalues $0$.
I don't know anything about iterative optimization.  Any reasonable book on Lie theory, even if it only discusses matrix groups, should contain a good explanation of exponentials.

A: The answer of Theo basically says it all what the exponential is concerned, but I maybe can shed some light regarding the optimization perspective.
Let $M$ be your Lie group and suppose it is a subgroup of $\textrm{GL}_n$. Now, if you want to solve
\[
 \min f(x) \quad \textrm{s.t. $x \in M$}
\]
by an iterative method, one usually uses a so-called smooth retraction map
\[
 R_x: T_x M \to M.
\]
to replace your current approximation $x$ to  $x_+ := R_x(\Delta)$. Think for example of doing a line-search $R_x(-t \textrm{ grad}_x f)$ for $t>0$ where $\textrm{ grad}_x f$ is the Riemannian gradient of $f$.
(The retraction map has to fulfill some properties, in order for this to work, likes smoothness and being a first-order approximation of the geodesics (see below).)
Due to the left (or right) action of a Lie group on itself by multiplication, the exponential mapping at the identity $\exp$ can be transported to get a retraction at $x$ as $x\exp$. As Theo already explained, $\exp$ does not need to be a global diffeomorphism, but that is not needed for optimization, since we perform updates locally.
Another typical choice for $R_x$ are the geodesics in $x$. For some metrics, the $\exp$ coincides with the geodesics (for instance, bi-invariant metrics), but not always. One can also use cheaper alternatives for $R_x$ if your are only concerned with optimization. A nice reference for this retraction-based optimization on manifolds (and so, also Lie groups) is http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8586.html .


text:
5 Singapore Art Events
By Gabrielle Lipton - December 8, 2014
Works by 18 artists from 10 countries fill MAD's new 1,800-square-meter abode.
An installation by architecture company WY-TO based on Da Vinci's mathematical theories at Shaping the Future.
Ever the art juggernaut, Singapore has clicked its creative agenda into especially high gear this winter. Two Da Vinci exhibits began with Da Vinci: Shaping the Future at the ArtScience Museum (through April 31), displaying 26 pages of his 12-volume Codex Atlanticus alongside six paintings from his students and five contemporary art installations inspired by his penned models. And just across the water at The Arts House of the Old Parliament, Leonardo Da Vinci's Earlier Mona Lisa (Dec. 6– Feb. 11) debuts the artist's portrait of the enigmatic madam in her younger years.
In a more Singaporean renaissance, the MAD Museum of Art & Design has moved into a new home on Tanglin Road, where it now fills two floors with works by contemporary artists as well as a cigar lounge, café, and gift shop. And as a finale to the season, Singapore Art Week (Jan 17–25) overflows with gallery openings, exhibitions, special events, and all the art-world glamazons who will flock to Marina Bay Sands for the coinciding fifth edition of Art Stage Singapore (Jan. 22–25), the flagship art fair of Southeast Asia. –Gabrielle Lipton
This article originally appeared in the December/January print issue of DestinAsian magazine ("Lion City Luster")
Gabrielle Lipton 11:42
What's On: Frieze New York
2 Modern Art Museums with Stunning Additions
Two of the world's most important contemporary art museums have major new expansions as brilliant ...
An Underwater Art Museum Opens in the Atlantic Ocean
Museo Antlatico comprises fascinating underwater sculptures by Jason deCaires Taylor, accessible to ...
A Floating Art Installation in Italy's Iseo Lake
The latest project by Bulgarian-American landscape artist Christo drew thousands of visitors to the ...
A Dazzling Jewelry Exhibition Comes to Singapore
ArtScience Museum is hosting a Van Cleef & Arpels jewelry exhibition through this August.
Dubai's New Hub for Art Lovers
With its recent expansion bringing in a wealth of new galleries and more, Alserkal Avenue has cement...
Introducing The National: New Australian Art
A new biennial dedicated to contemporary Australian art looks set to reinvigorate the country's cu...


May our lives be filled to overflowing with joy. Whether we're waiting on You for our next step or living according to plan, may we discover peace and joy that come to those who trust in Your will.
Give us the strength and courage to hold onto joy when others are dragging us down. For nobody can rob us of that which flows from Your Spirit.
It's not easy to rejoice in tribulation, or to give thanks when we experience loss, but all things are possible to those who believe. All things are beautiful to those who put their trust in Your hands.


21st Annual Golf Tournament at Tanglewood, May 9 | Goodwill Industries of Northwest North Carolina, Inc.
Goodwill's Annual Golf Tournament will be held on Thursday, May 9 at Tanglewood Park in Clemmons, NC. Proceeds from the event will be used to support Goodwill's Outreach Scholarship Fund which provides financial assistance and other resources to program participants. Regardless of the situation, Goodwill believes that everyone deserves the right to live, learn, and work in our community with dignity, choices, and opportunities. The Outreach Scholarship Fund ensures that costs is not a barrier to someone receive the training they desire. To sponsor the tournament or enter a team, please complete and submit the Golf Sponsorship Form, here.
Presenting Sponsor – Ryder System, Inc.
Your participation in Goodwill's Golf Tournament helps continue a tradition that has lasted more than 90 years. Since 1926, Goodwill has provided hope and opportunity for people in northwest North Carolina. Only with the community's support can we continue to assist thousands of people each year find jobs and reach their fullest potential.
Payment is respectfully requested prior to the tournament. Register and even pay online by submitting the Golf Sponsorship Form or request an invoice by email or US Mail. For more information, please contact Janet Lowrey at jlowrey@goodwillnwnc.org or (336) 724-3625 ext. 1201. Fees include sales tax. Contributions are deductible for federal income taxes in the amount over the market value of $65.00 per golfer.