text:
The Agricultural Producers' Organization Funding Act
It has been in effect since November 10, 2017.
30 Jun 2004 to 28 Feb 2014
Table of Contents Bilingual (PDF)	 Regulations
(Assented to December 20, 1988)
DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE
"agency" means the Manitoba Farm Products Marketing Council continued by subsection 12(1) of The Farm Products Marketing Act; (« Bureau »)
"agricultural product" means
(a) agricultural produce grown or harvested in Manitoba;
(b) livestock or poultry raised or kept in Manitoba, whether alive or slaughtered; and
(c) milk, eggs and honey or any product of agricultural produce, livestock or poultry produced in Manitoba; (« produit agricole »)
"certified organization" means the organization certified by the agency under Part 3; (« organisme accrédité »)
"common-law partner" of a person means a person who, not being married to the other person, is cohabiting with him or her in a conjugal relationship of some permanence; (« conjoint de fait »)
"designated purchaser" means a purchaser designated by a regulation made under clause 30(b); (« acheteur désigné »)
"minister" means the member of the Executive Council charged by the Lieutenant Governor in Council with the administration of this Act; (« ministre »)
"percentage of the value of agricultural product" means a percentage of the gross selling price payable by a purchaser for an agricultural product as specified by a regulation made under clause 30(c); (« pourcentage de la valeur du produit agricole »)
"person" includes a partnership, limited partnership, syndicate, trustee, joint venture, and any association of persons; (« personne »)
"producer" means a person who produces and markets an agricultural product in Manitoba; (« producteur »)
"purchaser" includes a designated purchaser and any person who acquires title to or possession of an agricultural product as principal or as agent; (« acheteur »)
"qualified organization" means an organization determined by the agency to be a qualified organization under section 14; (« organisme admissible »)
"regulations" means the regulations made under this Act. (« règlements »)
Registered common-law relationship
For the purposes of this Act, while they are cohabiting, persons who have registered their common-law relationship under section 13.1 of The Vital Statistics Act are deemed to be cohabiting in a conjugal relationship of some permanence.
S.M. 1995, c. 18, s. 3; S.M. 2002, c. 24, s. 2; S.M. 2002, c. 48, s. 28; S.M. 2013, c. 48, s. 1.
Purpose of the Act
The purpose of this Act is to facilitate the funding of
(a) a certified organization; and
(b) other organizations that represent producers of specific agricultural products;
by requiring the purchasers of agricultural products to assist in the collection of fees for those organizations.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AGENCY AND RELATED MATTERS
The agency is responsible for the following:
(a) determining what organizations are qualified organizations under Part 3;
(b) determining a certified organization under Part 3;
(c) recommending the designation of organizations under Part 4; and
(d) exercising and performing any other powers and duties assigned to it by this Act and the regulations.
Application of Farm Products Marketing Act
When performing a duty or function or exercising a power under this Act, the agency has the same powers as it has in its role under The Farm Products Marketing Act.
Definition of "dependant"
In this section, "dependant" means a person who resides with a member of the agency and who is
(a) the spouse of a member;
(a.1) the common-law partner of a member; or
(b) a child of the member.
Disqualification of agency members
No member of the agency shall participate in a determination by the agency under Part 3 that an organization is a qualified organization or that a qualified organization is the certified organization if
(a) the member is, or has been within a period of six months immediately preceding the date on which the determination or certification is to be made by the agency, a member of the executive, or an employee of the organization or any qualified organization that is being considered for certification;
(b) any of his or her dependants is a member of the executive, or is an employee of the organization or any qualified organization that is being considered for certification; or
(c) the member has, within a period of six months immediately preceding the date on which the determination or certification is to be made by the agency, acted as solicitor, counsel or agent for the organization or any qualified organization that is being considered for certification.
Immunity from liability
No member or employee of the agency or of the government is personally liable for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith and without negligence in the exercise of any power or the performance of any duty under the authority or supposed authority of this Act or the regulations.
Report to the minister
The agency shall advise the minister
(a) of a determination of an organization as a qualified organization;
(b) of a determination that an organization is no longer a qualified organization; and
(c) of a certification of a qualified organization as the certified organization;
(d) [repealed] S.M. 1995, c. 18, s. 6;
within seven days of making a determination or certification.
Report to the legislature
Each report provided to the minister under subsection (1) shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly within 15 days after its receipt by the minister if the Legislative Assembly is then in session or, if it is not then in session, within 15 days after the commencement of the next ensuing session.
DETERMINATION OF THE CERTIFIED ORGANIZATION
Application for qualification
An organization that considers itself entitled to be determined a qualified organization may apply to the agency in writing for such a determination.
Consideration of application
Upon receipt of an application under subsection (1), the agency shall
(a) review the charter and by-laws of the organization; and
(b) take whatever steps or proceedings it considers necessary or desirable to determine whether or not the organization meets the requirements of a qualified organization set out in section 14.
Determination of qualified organization
If an organization is a corporation without share capital incorporated under The Corporations Act, and in the opinion of the agency
(a) includes in the restrictions to its undertaking, the promotion of the interests of Manitoba producers and the development and promotion of a unified policy voice for Manitoba producers;
(b) is generally prepared to accept into its membership all individuals actively engaged in farming in Manitoba upon the payment of an annual membership fee; and
(c) is not a purchaser;
the agency shall determine that the organization is a qualified organization.
Loss of qualification
It is a condition of maintaining its status as a qualified organization that a qualified organization,
(a) in the opinion of the agency, continues to meet the requirements of section 14; and
(b) submits any changes in its charter or by-laws to the agency immediately following the making of any such change.
Agency to determine loss of qualification
For the purpose of subsection (1), the agency shall determine whether an organization is no longer a qualified organization.
Application for certification
A qualified organization may apply to the agency for certification as the certified organization.
Certification limited
Only one qualified organization may be certified as the certified organization at any one time.
Automatic certification
If on October 1 in any year
(a) no qualified organization has been certified as the certified organization; and
(b) the agency has received only one application under subsection 16(1);
the agency shall, prior to October 31 of that year, certify that qualified organization as the certified organization.
Effective date of certification
The certification under subsection (1) shall be effective from January 1 of the following year.
More than one application
(b) the agency has received more than one application under subsection 16(1);
the agency shall, prior to November 30 of that year, certify as the certified organization the qualified organization which in the opinion of the agency represents the greatest number of producers in Manitoba.
Review by agency
Before certifying a qualified organization under subsection (1), the agency
(a) shall review lists of persons who have currently paid annual membership fees to the applicants; and
(b) may take whatever steps or proceedings that it considers necessary or desirable to make its decision, including holding hearings or conducting a referendum.
Term of certification
Any certification shall be valid for a period of five years from the effective date of the certification.
Automatic renewal of certification
A certified organization shall automatically continue to be certified for subsequent consecutive five-year terms unless the agency receives an application for certification from one or more other qualified organizations under subsection 20(1).
Challenges to certification
If the agency receives an application for certification from one or more qualified organizations after January 1 and before October 1 of the fifth year of the term of certification of the certified organization, the agency shall prior to November 30 of that year certify from among
(a) the applicant qualified organizations; and
(b) the certified organization;
that organization as the certified organization which in the opinion of the agency represents the greatest number of producers in Manitoba.
A certification under subsection (1) shall be effective from January 1 of the following year.
(b) may take whatever steps or proceedings which it considers necessary or desirable to make its decision, including holding hearings or conducting a referendum.
Loss of certification
Notwithstanding subsection 19(1), certification under this Part shall automatically cease immediately upon the certified organization ceasing to be a qualified organization under section 15.
PART 3.1
COLLECTION OF ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FEES OF THE CERTIFIED ORGANIZATION
Maximum amount of fee
The maximum annual membership fee of the certified organization is $100., unless a higher amount is set by a regulation made under clause 30(a).
Amounts remitted are payments for membership
The certified organization shall treat the amounts remitted to it under this Part as an application for membership or renewal of membership in the certified organization and as payment of, or on account of, the organization's annual membership fee by the person for whom the amount is remitted.
Purchaser to keep books and records
A purchaser shall keep and maintain complete and accurate books and records that set out the following:
(a) the name, address, e-mail address and, if applicable, the certified organization membership number, of each person who sells an agricultural product to the purchaser;
(b) the type of agricultural product purchased from that person;
(c) the amounts withheld from time to time by the purchaser from that person under this Part;
(d) the date each amount is withheld;
(e) the date each amount is remitted to the certified organization.
Retention of books and records
A purchaser shall retain the books and records described in subsection (1) for at least two years after the date they are made.
Purchaser to allow inspection
A purchaser shall at all reasonable times permit an inspector appointed under this Act to inspect the books and records required to be kept and maintained under this section, and shall otherwise facilitate an inspection.
COLLECTION BY PURCHASERS OTHER THAN DESIGNATED PURCHASERS
This Division applies to the collection of annual membership fees by all purchasers other than designated purchasers.
Purchaser to supply information
Within 30 days after receiving a written request from the certified organization, a purchaser shall provide to the certified organization
(a) the name, address, e-mail address and, if applicable, the certified organization membership number, of each person from whom the purchaser has acquired agricultural products of a value of $500. or more during the preceding 12 months; and
(b) the type of agricultural product acquired from that person.
Purchaser to withhold fees
The certified organization may provide to a purchaser
(a) a list containing the names of persons; and
(b) a request that the purchaser withhold an amount equal to the annual membership fee of the certified organization from amounts that are payable or that become payable by the purchaser to each person named on that list.
Requirement to withhold
A purchaser shall comply with a request made under subsection (1) during the 12 months beginning 45 days after the date the list and request are received.
When remittance to be made
A purchaser shall remit to the certified organization any amount withheld under this section within 15 days after the end of the month in which the amount is withheld, together with
(a) the name, address, e-mail address and, if applicable, the certified organization membership number, of the person from whom the amount was withheld; and
(b) the type of agricultural product purchased from that person.
Notice to producer
At the same time that the certified organization provides a list and request to a purchaser under subsection 25(1), the certified organization shall, in writing, advise each person whose name appears on the list and who is not a member of the certified organization at that time
(a) that it has requested the purchaser to withhold and remit to the certified organization an amount equal to the annual membership fee of the certified organization from the amounts otherwise payable by the purchaser to that person; and
(b) that the person has a right to object to the withholding of that amount.
A person who objects to the withholding of the amount of the annual membership fee may advise the certified organization in writing of his or her objection.
Where objection received
On receiving an objection, the certified organization shall,
(a) within seven days, remove the name of the person who objects from any list prepared by the certified organization for distribution to a purchaser;
(b) within seven days, advise a purchaser who has received a list under subsection 25(1) on which the name of the person who objects appeared, that no amount is to be withheld;
(c) not add the name of the person who objects to any other list distributed by that certified organization under subsection 25(1) for two years after receiving the objection without the prior written consent of that person; and
(d) refund to the person who objects any amount withheld by a purchaser and remitted to the certified organization after the objection is received.
COLLECTION BY DESIGNATED PURCHASERS
This Division applies to the collection of annual membership fees by designated purchasers.
Purchaser to withhold amounts
The certified organization may request a designated purchaser to withhold, from amounts that are payable to or that become payable to every person delivering agricultural product to the designated purchaser, the percentage of the value of agricultural product that is specified by a regulation made under clause 30(c), up to an amount equal to the annual membership fee of the certified organization.
A designated purchaser shall comply with a request made under subsection (1) during the 12 months after the date the request is received.
A designated purchaser shall remit to the certified organization any amount withheld under this section within 15 days after the end of each month in which an amount is withheld, together with
(b) the type of agricultural product delivered by that person.
S.M. 1995, c. 18, s. 9; S.M. 2017, c. 39, s. 6 and 7.
Treatment of underpayments
If, during a fiscal year of the certified organization, the amount remitted for a person under section 27 is less than the annual membership fee of the certified organization, the certified organization shall, unless the person requests a refund under section 29, treat that amount
(a) as an application for supporter status in the certified organization, or renewal of supporter status; and
(b) as a payment to the certified organization towards supporter status.
Refund of overpayments
If, during the fiscal year of the certified organization, the amount remitted for a person under section 27 is more than the annual membership fee of the certified organization, the certified organization shall refund the excess amount to the person from whom it was withheld.
When refund to be made
A refund under this section shall be made at the time or times specified in a regulation made under clause 30(d).
Right to a refund
On receiving a written request from a person from whom an amount has been withheld under section 27, the certified organization shall refund to the person any amount remitted to it by a designated purchaser for that person during the organization's fiscal year.
AGENCY REGULATIONS
The agency may make regulations,
(a) for the purpose of section 23, setting the maximum annual membership fee of the certified organization at an amount higher than $100.;
(b) designating purchasers to whom Division 3 of this Part applies;
(c) specifying the percentage of the value of agricultural product that must be withheld under section 27;
(d) specifying the time or times when the certified organization is required to make refunds under sections 28 and 29;
(e) respecting the compensation to be paid by the certified organization to purchasers for the reasonable costs incurred by purchasers in the collection of amounts under this Part.
FUNDING OF DESIGNATED PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS
Petition for designation of organization of producers
An organization of producers of an agricultural product may submit a petition to the agency requesting that the organization be designated as the representative organization for producers of that agricultural product if the organization,
(a) is a corporation without share capital or a cooperative incorporated under the laws of the province; and
(b) is prepared to accept into its membership all persons actively engaged in the production of the agricultural product in Manitoba upon payment of a membership fee or other charge required to establish and maintain membership.
Petition to contain information
The petition shall set out the following information:
(a) the agricultural product that is the subject of the petition;
(b) the objects of the organization, including its proposed program for commencing, stimulating or improving the production or marketing of the agricultural product;
(c) whether the program is to apply to all of Manitoba or only certain parts of Manitoba;
(d) if the program is to apply to parts of Manitoba, those parts of Manitoba to which the program will apply;
(e) any class, variety, grade or kind of the agricultural product that is to be exempted from the program;
(f) the persons, if any, that are to be exempted from the program;
(g) the method by which the organization is to be financed, including the amount or method of determining fees payable by producers of the agricultural product;
(h) whether other alternatives are available for the funding of the program within a marketing plan under The Farm Products Marketing Act.
Agency to study petition
The agency shall assess the petition and may require such further information concerning the organization and its proposed program and operation as the agency considers necessary.
Referendum may be held
After assessing the petition, the agency may, if it considers it necessary to do so to determine the representative nature of the organization and its proposed program, cause a referendum to be held of the producers of the agricultural product to determine if the organization should be designated under this Part.
60% majority required
If a referendum is held, it shall be considered to be in favour of designation of an organization as the representative organization if at least 60% of the producers voting on the question vote in favour of the designation.
Eligibility to vote in referendum
For the purpose of this section, the agency shall determine all matters respecting the conduct of a referendum including what producers are eligible to vote.
Recommendation of designation
The agency may recommend to the minister the designation of an organization under this Part if
(a) the agency is satisfied that the organization's proposed program is not appropriately funded within a marketing plan under The Farm Products Marketing Act; and
(b) the agency is satisfied of the representative nature of the organization and its proposed program or, in a case where a referendum is held, the vote in the referendum is in favour of the designation.
If a recommendation is made under section 33, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations
(a) designating an organization of producers of an agricultural product, if the organization is a corporation without share capital or a cooperative incorporated under the laws of the province, as the representative organization of all producers of the agricultural product;
(b) establishing, amending, and revoking any program for stimulating, increasing and improving the production or marketing of an agricultural product;
(c) requiring producers of the agricultural product to pay fees to the organization for the purpose of funding the program of the organization;
(d) designating the amount or method of determining fees and the manner in which they are to be paid;
(e) requiring purchasers who buy the agricultural product from a producer to deduct from moneys payable to the producer any fees payable by the producer and to forward those fees to the organization;
(f) authorizing the organization to use the fees for the purposes of defraying the expenses of the organization in the carrying out of its program;
(g) requiring purchasers to keep books and records respecting the purchase of agricultural products and to furnish copies of them when requested to do so by the agency;
(h) requiring the organization to furnish to the agency such information and financial statements as the agency determines; and
(i) respecting methods to ensure that the fees paid to the organization are properly used for the program of the organization.
Fees are refundable
A regulation made under subsection (1) must provide that any fees collected will be refundable on the request of a producer on such terms as the regulation may specify.
[Repealed] S.M. 1995, c. 18, s. 12.
Limitations and exceptions
A regulation made under subsection (1) may
(a) be limited as to time and place;
(b) exempt from the regulation any person or class of persons or any class, variety, grade or kind of the agricultural product;
(c) fix fees of different amounts for different classes, varieties, grades or kinds of the agricultural product.
Referendum if 30% of producers request refund
When an organization is designated by regulation under subsection 34(1) and, within any year, the producers requesting a refund of the fees
(a) comprise more than 30% of the producers of the agricultural product; and
(b) account for at least 30% of the fees collected from producers during the year;
the agency shall conduct a referendum of the producers of the agricultural product to determine whether the organization should continue to be designated.
Recommendation to revoke designation
When in a referendum held under subsection (1) a majority of the producers voting on the question vote against continuing the designation, the agency shall recommend to the minister that the designation be revoked.
Appointment of inspectors
The Lieutenant Governor in Council may appoint persons as inspectors for the purpose of enforcing this Act and the regulations.
Powers of inspectors
An inspector may at any reasonable time and upon presentation of identification,
(a) enter any place where books and records of a purchaser are required to be kept under the Act or the regulations; and
(b) inspect and make copies of the books and records of a purchaser and any other documents of that purchaser or of any other person that relate or may relate to the information that is or should be in the records of the purchaser.
A person who contravenes a provision of this Act or the regulations is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $1000.
Payment in addition to fine
In addition to the fine provided for in subsection (1), the justice shall order a purchaser who is guilty of an offence under section 25 or 27, or a regulation made under subsection 34(1), to pay to the organization to whom the fees were required to be paid an amount equal to the fees that the purchaser failed to withhold or remit, or both, as the case may be, together with interest on that amount at a rate determined by the court.
Payment deemed to be withheld under Part 3.1
An amount paid pursuant to an order under subsection (2) is deemed to have been withheld and remitted in accordance with Part 3.1.
Prosecution of offences
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act of the Legislature, a prosecution for an offence under this Act may be commenced at any time within 6 months after the date of the alleged offence and, where an alleged offence under this Act relates to or arises out of a misrepresentation or fraud on the part of the accused, a prosecution for an offence under this Act may be commenced at any time within 6 months after the date on which the misrepresentation or the fraud becomes known to the minister.
(a) exempting any person or class of persons from the application of any of the provisions of Part 3.1 on such terms and conditions as the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers appropriate;
(b) exempting any agricultural product or any class of agricultural product from the definition of "agricultural product" as defined in this Act;
(c) [repealed] S.M. 1995, c. 18, s. 15;
(d) generally for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act.
DISSOLUTION OF FORMER AGENCY AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
"former agency" means the Agricultural Producers' Organization Certification Agency provided for in this Act as it read immediately before the coming into force of this section. (« ancien bureau »)
"new agency" means the Manitoba Farm Products Marketing Council. (« nouveau bureau »)
Dissolution of former agency
(a) the former agency is dissolved;
(b) the appointments of the members of the former agency are terminated, and all rights and obligations of the members in relation to or under those appointments are extinguished;
(c) the rights and property of the former agency are vested in the government; and
(d) all liabilities and obligations of the former agency are assumed by the government.
A legal proceeding or action commenced by or against the former agency may be continued by or against the new agency as if it were the former agency.
Judicial review of former agency's decisions
If a person commences a legal proceeding for judicial review of a decision or action of the former agency, the proceeding must be taken against the new agency.
Transitional — regulations
A regulation made by the former agency that is in effect on the coming into force of this section remains in effect and may be amended, repealed or enforced by the new agency.
Transitional — applications and petitions
If the former agency has not completed its consideration of an application under Part 3 of the Act or a petition under Part 4 of the Act, the new agency must deal with the application or petition as if it had been made to the new agency.
Transitional — determinations and certifications
Nothing in this section affects a determination or certification made by the former agency.
C.C.S.M. REFERENCE AND COMING INTO FORCE
Reference in C.C.S.M.
This Act may be referred to as chapter A18 of the Continuing Consolidation of the Statutes of Manitoba.
Coming into force of Act
This Act, except section 23, comes into force on the day it receives the royal assent.
Coming into force of section 23
Section 23 comes into force on January 1, 1989.


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text:
Q: How to get extra User properties? A few custom properties have been added to the user object via CA. I would I retrieve these fields programmatically?
Solution:
     UserProfileManager mgr = new UserProfileManager(SpServiceContext.current);
     UserProfile user = mgr.GetUserProfile(bool);
     String str = (string)user["fields"].Value;

A: I presume your talking about the code below?
SPSite oSiteCollection = SPContext.Current.Site;
using (SPWeb oWebsite = oSiteCollection.AllWebs["Website_Name"])
{
    SPUser oUser = oWebsite.AllUsers["User_Name"];

    string E-mail_Address = oUser.Email;
    string Display_Name = oUser.Name;
    string User_Notes = oUser.Notes;

    string cutomProp = oUser.CustomeMade;

}

did you add to Microsoft.SharePoint.SPUser? if you have, build save the Microsoft.SharePoint.SPUser. In your project add reference to the new dll (navigate to the folder and goto the bin folder with the updates).
You should now see your changes in the project ;)...... that is if it what your looking for ;)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sharepoint.spuser.aspx
hope it helps :)

A: You retrieve and set the custom properties the same as any other attribute in the profile property bag.
Here is a powershell script written to import CSV into the User Properties, works for standard and custom fields:
http://iedaddy.com/2010/06/sharepoint-2010-updating-user-profile-properties-with-powershell/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Notre Dame's restoration is a chance to make a symbolic stand against the new rise of religious hatred
Alexander Seale
The Independent April 22, 2019
Notre Dame's restoration is a chance to make a symbolic stand against the new rise of religious hatred
In the crypt of Notre Dame cathedral, there is a commemorative plaque honouring an archbishop of Paris, Jean-Marie Lustiger. He was born into a Jewish family from Poland that emigrated to France. His mother Gisèle was deported from Orleans in 1943, to be murdered in Auschwitz.
Three years before this tragedy, her young son Aaron had felt drawn to the new testament, and had converted to Catholicism during holy week. After the war, his distraught father had sought the help of Paris' chief Rabbi to have his son Aaron Jean-Marie's baptism annulled, but failed.
This diaspora teenager, who would come to preside over mass at Notre Dame Cathedral for almost a decade, saw himself as a bridge between Judaism and Christianity. He often said that he remained a Jew who had found fulfilment in Christ.
When the head of the European Council and former Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk described the cathedral as very much a European monument, I was reminded of that single Ashkenazi convert remembered in its crypt.
Notre Dame does indeed symbolise the continent's culture and majority religion, but it also embodies historical enmity between Christianity and Judaism.
Notable on its façade are the figures of Jewish synagoga (represented as a defeated woman with a sinister snake for a blindfold) and her foil Ecclesia (symbol of the triumphant thrusting force of the Catholic church).
Though the marriage of the Jewish grandparents of Jesus is highlighted above Notre Dame's entrance with a Torah scroll apparent in the depiction, highlighted too are contemporary figures of France's local Jews, in the pointed hats they were forced to wear by royal decree (foreshadowing the yellow stars that Hitler imposed on this religious minority, and which archbishop Lustiger's own parents were forced to wear during the occupation).
The building of the cathedral coincided with medieval turbulence in Europe. Tens of thousands of talmuds were burnt in the square outside Notre Dame; Jews were rounded up, arrested, then deprived of all their possessions before being expelled en masse from France. It was a time when European popes were obsessed with both crusade and the reconquista - those existential catastrophes for Jews and Muslims.
Intriguingly, it is also worth noting that the spectacular rose window and double-towered main structure of the building are a blueprint brought back from Syria by returning crusaders.
The 5th century original prototype that had so impressed these zealots was the church of Qalb al-Lozeh. It still stands in Idlib, which the world has cynically abandoned to bombardment and death. The stunning stained glass and towers of its Parisian descendant, meanwhile, were saved by firefighters.
The competitive French billionaires who rallied around president Macron as he called for the rebuilding of this European monument, may not have known the the origins and history of the architectural gem they dug into their pockets to rescue. But the restoration will be a chance for Notre Dame to build something new.
In the popular imagination, Notre Dame has a special place in the hearts of those moved to tears by Quasimodo's hopeless love for Esmeralda, as described by the great French author Victor Hugo. The pull of the breaking news cycle helped to deliver his novel to the top of the Amazon rankings.
Notre Dame is a metaphor of sublime beauty, of course, but also of the ugliness of human bigotry. And not just towards the heroic hunchback.
The bells of Notre Dame rang out at Paris's liberation from the Nazis. A mass of thanks was held there that had deep significance for the traumatised city. The restoration can now be a moment for symbolism that rejects Europe's drift towards an era when religious and racial hate crimes and the depraved ideology they spring from, are being normalised once again.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
»Other Environmental Study
The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa : Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo
Text file140.2KB
Croitoru, Lelia
Miranda, Juan José
Sarraf, Maria
West Africa's coastal areas host about one third of the region's population and generate 56 percent of its GDP. They are home for valuable wetlands, fisheries, oil and gas reserves, and high tourism potential. However, these areas are affected by severe pressures: rapid urbanization along the coast has increased the demands on land, water, and other natural resources; man-made infrastructure and sand extraction have contributed to significant coastal retreat; moreover, climate change and disaster risks are exacerbating these threats. As a result, coastal areas are undergoing alarming environmental degradation leading to deaths (due to floods, air and water pollution), losses of assets (houses, infrastructure) and damages to critical ecosystems (mangroves, marine habitat). This study estimates in monetary terms the Cost of Environmental Degradation (COED) in the coastal areas of Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo. Specifically,it values the impacts of degradation that occur during one year, as a result of three major factors: flooding, erosion, and pollution (from water, air and waste). The final results are expressed in 2017 prices. They are reflected in absolute (USD) and in relative terms, as percentage of the countries' GDP. Overall, the COED of the four countries is estimated at aboutUSD 3.8 billion, or 5.3 percent of the countries' GDP in 2017. Flooding and erosion are the main forms of degradation, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total cost. Moreover, coastal degradation causes over 13,000 deaths a year, primarily due to air and water pollution, and to floods.
"Croitoru, Lelia; Miranda, Juan José; Sarraf, Maria. 2019. The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa : Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31428 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO."
Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 : Taking on Inequality
World Bank Group (2016-10-02)
Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: •	What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? •	Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? •	What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? •	How can inequality reduction contribute ...
Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public ...
Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that ...
Rethinking School Feeding Social Safety Nets, Child Development, and the Education Sector
Bundy, Donald; Burbano, Carmen; Grosh, Margaret; Gelli, Aulo; Jukes, Matthew; Drake, Lesley (2009)
This review highlights three main findings. First, school feeding programs in low-income countries exhibit large variation in cost, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Second, as countries get richer, school feeding costs become a much smaller proportion of the investment in education. For example, in Zambia the cost of school feeding is about 50 percent of annual per capita costs for primary education; in Ireland it is only 10 percent. Further analysis is required to define these relationships, but supporting countries to maintain an investment in school feeding through this transition may emerge as a key role for development partners. Third, the main preconditions for the transition to sustainable national programs are mainstreaming school feeding in national policies and plans, especially education sector plans; identifying national sources of financing; and ...
This review highlights three main findings. First, school feeding programs in low-income countries exhibit large variation in cost, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Second, as countries get richer, school feeding costs become a much smaller proportion of the investment in education. For example, in Zambia the cost of school feeding is about 50 percent of annual per capita costs for primary education; in Ireland it is only ...
This review highlights three main findings. First, school feeding programs in low-income countries exhibit large variation in cost, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Second, as countries get richer, school feeding costs become a much smaller proportion of the investment in education. For example, in Zambia the ...
The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in Nigeria : Cross River, Delta and Lagos States
Croitoru, Lelia; Miranda, Juan Jose; Khattabi, Abdellatif; Lee, Jia Jun (2020-10)
Nigeria is Africa's richest economy. The country has a large population, abundant natural resources, and diverse cultures. Coastal areas are particularly unique: extending along more than 800 km, they are home to rich ecosystems, thriving industries, and booming opportunities. But these areas are also fragile. Every year, floods, erosion, and pollution of air and water have alarming consequences: they cause death, sicken children, and wash away land and houses. The poor bear the brunt. How big is the damage? This report provides a clear answer to this important question. Using a consistent valuation methodology, it estimates the cost of coastal degradation in three Nigerian states: Cross River, Delta and Lagos. The results are striking: in 2018 alone, floods, erosion and pollution in these three states cost society US$9.7 billion, or 2.4 percent of the country's GDP. As this estimate covers ...
Nigeria is Africa's richest economy. The country has a large population, abundant natural resources, and diverse cultures. Coastal areas are particularly unique: extending along more than 800 km, they are home to rich ecosystems, thriving industries, and booming opportunities. But these areas are also fragile. Every year, floods, erosion, and pollution of air and water have alarming consequences: they cause death, sicken children, and wash away ...
Nigeria is Africa's richest economy. The country has a large population, abundant natural resources, and diverse cultures. Coastal areas are particularly unique: extending along more than 800 km, they are home to rich ecosystems, thriving industries, and booming opportunities. But these areas are also fragile. Every year, floods, ...
The Cost of Environmental Degradation : Case Studies from the Middle East and North Africa
Croitoru, Lelia; Sarraf, Maria (2010-08-01)
Environmental degradation is costly, to individuals, to societies, and to the environment. This book, edited by Lelia Croitoru and Maria Sarraf, makes these costs clear by examining a number of studies carried out over the past few years by the World Bank's Middle East and North Africa region. Even more important than estimating the monetary cost of environmental degradation (COED), however, are the clear guidance and policy implications derived from these findings. This volume presents a new approach to estimating the impacts of environmental degradation. In the past, when government officials asked researchers the simple question how large are the impacts of environmental degradation? The response was often an emphatic 'large!' a rather imprecise number. The strength of this work is that it actually quantifies in economic terms how large is 'large' and thereby gains the attention ...
Environmental degradation is costly, to individuals, to societies, and to the environment. This book, edited by Lelia Croitoru and Maria Sarraf, makes these costs clear by examining a number of studies carried out over the past few years by the World Bank's Middle East and North Africa region. Even more important than estimating the monetary cost of environmental degradation (COED), however, are the clear guidance and policy implications derived ...
Environmental degradation is costly, to individuals, to societies, and to the environment. This book, edited by Lelia Croitoru and Maria Sarraf, makes these costs clear by examining a number of studies carried out over the past few years by the World Bank's Middle East and North Africa region. Even more important than estimating the ...
The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos
Croitoru, Lelia; Chang, Jiyoun Christina; Kelly, Andrew (2020-08)
Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital is one of the world's fastest growing megacities, but many are breathing polluted air. This report estimates that in 2018, air pollution caused more than 11,200 premature deaths in Lagos. Children under five are the most affected accounting for about sixty percent of the deaths. The health cost of air pollution was estimated at 2.1 billion US dollars, corresponding to about 2.1 percent of Lagos state's gross domestic product (GDP).
Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital is one of the world's fastest growing megacities, but many are breathing polluted air. This report estimates that in 2018, air pollution caused more than 11,200 premature deaths in Lagos. Children under five are the most affected accounting for about sixty percent of the deaths. The health cost of air pollution was estimated at 2.1 billion US dollars, corresponding to about 2.1 percent of Lagos state's gross ...
Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital is one of the world's fastest growing megacities, but many are breathing polluted air. This report estimates that in 2018, air pollution caused more than 11,200 premature deaths in Lagos. Children under five are the most affected accounting for about sixty percent of the deaths. The health cost of ...


Last Thursday Mr. DIY drove up to Pier 1 to pick something up that I had ordered online. As soon as we walked into the door, I couldn't help myself and had to tour all the Christmas displays in the store...several times.
I couldn't help myself. I was like a moth drawn to the light.
Every display was so cute.
They even had more "manly" displays up front with lots of leather chairs. I loved all the pillows.
Of course, this display was one of my favorites. A bit blingy, but fun. And of course, I loved the pillow.
The little stocking pillow was my favorite. I feel a diy sewing project coming on in the near future!
Mr. DIY saw me taking a photo of this pretty lamp. He immediately said "no". I just laughed. Mr. DIY is pretty easy going and just rolls with things. I told him not to worry- it wasn't my taste, even though I thought it was pretty.
They had these cute little deer all over the store. I would love to have 2 or 3 or 5, but we're in the process of paring down these days. I will have to wait until we get into our new place (wherever that might be) after we sell our house next Spring.
Loved the owl pillow. Can you ever have too many pillows?
My favorite is the sock stocking with the pom poms.
We made it through the whole store without buying anything.
I know what you mean...so drawn to Christmas displays too...there are lots of cute pillows there!
I'm the same way with Christmas displays!! I was in pottery barn yesterday and would have spent more time if I didn't have my little niece with me!


text:
Задача Коші — одна з основних задач теорії диференціальних рівнянь - полягає в пошуку розв'язку (інтеграла) диференціального рівняння, що задовольняє початковим умовам (початковим даним).

Задача Коші зазвичай виникає при аналізі процесів, обумовлених диференціальним законом та початковим станом, математичним виразом яких і є рівняння та початкова умова (звідси й термінологія та вибір позначень: початкові дані задаються при , а розв'язок шукають для ).

Від крайових задач задача Коші відрізняється тим, що область, в якій має бути визначений шуканий розв'язок, тут заздалегідь не вказується.
Проте, задачу Коші можна розглядати як одну з крайових задач.

Основні питання, що позв'язані з задачею Коші, такі:
 Чи існує (хоча б локально) розв'язок задачі Коші?
 Якщо розв'язок існує, то яка область його існування?
 Чи є розв'язок єдиним?
 Якщо розв'язок єдиний, то чи буде він коректним, тобто неперервним (в якому-небудь сенсі) щодо початкових даних?

Різні постановки задачі Коші
 Звичайне диференціальне рівняння першого порядку, розвязане відносно похідної:

 Система  звичайних диференціальних рівнянь першого порядку, розв'язана відносно похідних (нормальна система -го порядку):

 Звичайне диференціальне рівняння -го порядку, розв'язане відносно старшої похідної :

Історія

Диференціальні рівняння винайдені Ньютоном (1642—1727). Ньютон вважав цей свій винахід настільки важливим, що зашифрував його у вигляді анаграми, смисл якої в сучасних термінах можна вільно передати так: «закони природи виражаються диференціальними рівняннями».

Основним аналітичним досягненням Ньютона було розкладання всіляких функцій в ступеневі ряди (сенс другої, довгої анаграми Ньютона в тому, що для вирішення будь-якого рівняння потрібно підставити в рівняння ряд і прирівняти члени однакового степеня). Особливе значення мала тут відкрита ним формула бінома Ньютона (зрозуміло, не тільки з цілими показниками, для яких формулу знав, наприклад, Вієт (1540—1603), але і, що особливо важливе, з дробовими і негативними показниками). Ньютон розклав у «ряди Тейлора» всі основні елементарні функції (раціональні, радикали, тригонометричні, експоненту й логарифм). Це, разом з складеною ним таблицею первісних (яка перейшла в майже незмінному вигляді в сучасні підручники аналізу), дозволяло йому, за його словами, порівнювати площі будь-яких фігур «за половину чверті години».

Ньютон указував, що коефіцієнти його рядів пропорційні послідовним похідним функції, але не зупинявся на цьому детально, оскільки він справедливо вважав, що всі обчислення в аналізі зручніше проводити не за допомогою кратних диференціювань, а шляхом обчислення перших членів ряду. Для Ньютона зв'язок між коефіцієнтами ряду й похідними був скоріше засобом обчислення похідних, чим засобом складання ряду. Одним із найважливіших досягнень Ньютона є його теорія сонячної системи, викладена в «Математичних принципах натуральної філософії» («Principia») без допомоги математичного аналізу. Зазвичай вважають, що Ньютон відкрив за допомогою свого аналізу закон всесвітнього тяжіння. Насправді Ньютону (1680) належить лише доказ еліптичності орбіт в полі тяжіння за законом зворотних квадратів: сам цей закон був вказаний Ньютону Гуком (1635—1703) і, мабуть, вгадувався ще декількома вченими.

Із величезної кількості робіт з диференціальних рівнянь XVIII століття виділяють роботи Ейлера (1707—1783) і Лагранжа (1736—1813). У цих роботах передусім була розвинена теорія малих коливань, а отже — теорія лінійних систем диференціальних рівнянь; водночас виникли основні поняття лінійної алгебри (власні числа й вектори в n-мірному випадку). Характеристичне рівняння лінійного оператора довго називали секулярним, оскільки саме з такого рівняння визначаються секулярні (вікові, тобто повільні в порівнянні з річним рухом) збурення планетних орбіт згідно з теорією малих коливань Лагранжа. Услід за Ньютоном Лаплас і Лагранж, а пізніше Гаус (1777—1855) розвинули також методи теорії збуджень.

Коли була доведена нерозв'язність алгебричних рівнянь у радикалах, Жозеф Ліувілль (1809—1882) побудував аналогічну теорію для диференціальних рівнянь, встановивши неможливість розв'язання низки рівнянь (зокрема таких класичних, як лінійні рівняння другого порядку) в елементарних функціях і квадратурах. Пізніше Софус Лі (1842—1899), аналізуючи питання про інтегрування рівнянь у квадратурах, прийшов до необхідності детально досліджувати групи дифеоморфізмів (що отримали згодом ім'я груп Лі) — так із теорії диференціальних рівнянь виникла одна з плідних галузей сучасної математики, подальший розвиток якої був тісно пов'язаний зовсім з іншими питаннями (алгебри Лі ще раніше розглядали Сімеон-Дені Пуассон (1781—1840) і, особливо, Карл Густав Якоб Якобі (1804—1851)).

Новий етап розвитку теорії диференціальних рівнянь почався з робіт Анрі Пуанкаре (1854—1912). Створена ним «якісна теорія диференціальних рівнянь» разом із теорією функцій комплексних змінних привела до заснування сучасної топології. Якісна теорія диференціальних рівнянь, або, як її тепер частіше називають, теорія динамічних систем, зараз розвивається активно і має важливі застосування теорії диференціальних рівнянь у природознавстві.

Див. також
 Теорема Пікара — Лінделефа

Диференціальні рівняння

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My research looks at the impact of American political institutions on policy development and organized labor's influence on American politics and policy.
"Can the Democrats Deliver for the Base? Partisanship, Group Politics, and the Case of Organized Labor in the 110th Congress." PS: Political Science & Politics 41 (January 2008): 83-87.
"CTW vs. the AFL-CIO: the Impact of the Split on Labor's Political Action." International Journal of Organizational Theory and Behavior 10 (Summer 2007): 245-275.


text:
This is a Heroku build pack that generates a valid [Satis](http://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/handling-private-packages-with-satis.md) server for the `satis.json` in the build directory, allowing you to serve your own private [Composer](http://getcomposer.org) repo. The generated Satis `index.html` and `packages.json` are uploaded to Amazon S3 for serving.

## Usage

Place your `satis.json` file in your project root.

Configure your application to use this buildpack:

```
$ heroku config:add BUILDPACK_URL=https://github.com/rjocoleman/heroku-buildpack-satis-server.git
```
```
$ heroku config:add AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=123
```
```
$ heroku config:add AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=456
```
```
$ heroku config:add S3_BUCKET=example-satis
```

And push! Your Heroku app is now a Satis server. The index will be rebuilt on every deploy.
If you have trouble deploying or indexing please read _[Github API limits](#github-api-limits)_ below.

### Operating modes

This buildpack operates in three modes:

#### Stream

Satis are retrived from S3 via SSL and streamed to the client via Heroku. This is the default mode, it allows for the Heroku feature set i.e. `ssl` and `domains`.
It's the simplest configuration mode as it requires no settings. Point `composer.json` at your Heroku app's url and you're away.
The disadvantage of this is performance; there is no caching so it can be slow for larger files.

#### Redirect

Accessing your Heroku app's web url will redirect (303) the visitor to the files hosted on Amazon S3 (HTTPS).
Composer will follow this redirect.
This assumes that the files hosted on S3 have ACLs to allow them to be publicly accessed which is the setting they are uploaded with.
To enable this:
```
$ heroku config:add MODE=redirect
```

#### External

This mode is for using Amazon Cloudfront or CNAME with S3 etc. This decouples your Heroku app's web url and the file hosting completely.
Visitors that access your Heroku web url will be redirected (301) to the FDQN that you specify.
To enable this, you need both of the following:
```
$ heroku config:add MODE=external
```
```
$ heroku config:add SATIS_URL=http://satis.example.com
```

### GitHub API limits

GitHub API key can be set so that satis doesn't fail when pulling information from GitHub.
(Only [60 unauthenticated requests per hour are allowed](http://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting))

```
$ heroku config:add GITHUB_API_KEY=zyx
```

When [creating an oAuth Token](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-an-oauth-token-for-command-line-use) I reccomend `repo` to allow access to private repos you can access or use no scope for public read-only access.

```
$ curl -u 'GITHUB_USERNAME' -d '{"scopes":["repo"],"note":"Satis (Heroku Indexer)"}' https://api.github.com/authorizations
```

It's also reccomended to have the [Heroku Lab: user-env-compile](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/labs-user-env-compile) enabled before you first deploy so when the first index is run your GitHub oAuth token is used:

```
$  heroku labs:enable user-env-compile
```

### Rebuilding the index

The command to regenerate is `rebuild`
This can be used via:

```
$ heroku run rebuild
```

or Heroku's scheduler addon can be used to keep your index updated:

```
$ heroku addons:add scheduler:standard
```
```
$ heroku addons:open scheduler:standard
```

## Warning

Your satis `index.html` and `packages.json` are uploaded to Amazon S3 as world readable. There is no authentication or access control. Packages in private repos won't be accessable but this could constitute information leakage.

## Contributing

1. Fork it.
2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`).
3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`).
4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`).
5. Create new Pull Request.
6. Explain why you think this belongs in the code here, and not inside your own gem that requires this one.

Pull requests most graciously accepted.

## Hacking

To use this buildpack, fork it on Github. Push up changes to your fork, then create a test app with `--buildpack <your-github-url>` and push to it.

To change the vendored binaries for PHP, use the helper scripts in the `support/` subdirectory.  You'll need an S3-enabled AWS account and a bucket to store your binaries in, this is distinct from your S3 storage mentioned above that is used for hosting the generated satis files.

For example, you can change the default version of PHP to v5.4.10.

Install Heroku's [vulcan gem](https://github.com/heroku/vulcan), then:

`$ vulcan create you-vulcan-platform-name`
This will create a cedar platform so the output will look familiar to heroku users.

`$ export AWS_ID=xxx AWS_SECRET=yyy S3_BUCKET=zzz`
`$ bash ./support/aws/s3 create $S3_BUCKET`
`$ bash ./support/package_php 5.4.10`

Open `bin/compile` in your editor, and change the following lines:

`DEFAULT_PHP_VERSION="5.4.10"`
`PHP_S3_BUCKET=zzz`

Commit and push the changes to your buildpack to your Github fork, then push your sample app to Heroku to test. You should see:
````
    -----> Vendoring PHP (v5.4.10)
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Neville's Haze is a feminized Marijuana strain almost 100% Haze. This sativa will definitely surprise the lovers of this kind of Cannabis being the most purest Marijuana from Green House. Awarded with the 1st prize at the 1998 HTCC.
Neville's Haze is a feminized Marijuana strain, almost 100% Haze harboring just 1/4 of Indica genes thus being the perfect choice for sativa lovers but only recommended for expert growers.
It provides a powerful and cerebral effect stimulating a lot your thoughts and giving you an introspective experience that may be spiritual. Indeed, this strain has a THC level superior to 22%.
Its taste is mainly incensed and even not being known for having medicinal properties, it can help treating stress and depression.
Its has a slow flowering period, especially in a growing room so you will have to wait about 14 weeks to harvest it. It becomes an elongated plant with long branches, perfect for SCRoG or LST. Due to its long life cycle, it is not recommended for beginner growers.
In a growing room it is able to yield 700 grams per square meter. In the outside, Neville's Haze thrive particularly well in temperate climates like the equatorial, tropical and subtropical climates and is generally ready to be collected in mid-November (in the northern hemisphere), with impressive productions of up to 1.2 kg per plant. We recommend to give it some kind of support when growing it outside.


text:
Q: The project file could not be loaded. Could not find a part of the path I am developing a ASP.NET website in visual studio 2015. I am trying to install one NuGet package but getting The project file could not be loaded. Could not find a part of the path exception. I tried to delete the .suo file but not helped.
What's wrong with my project and how to fix this?

A: Opened the project in Visual Studio 2019 and able to install the package successfully.


I embrace all of my actions. I embrace everything I have thought, said and done in my life up until now. Some worked well, some didn't; but they are all parts of me.
I intuitively know that things will work out. No matter what situation I may be in, I know I will be presented with the perfect opportunities.
I seize opportunities quickly as they arrive.
I cast a wide net, knowing that some will work out and some won't. Casting a wide net prevents attachment to any one opportunity.
Some of those opportunities will turn out better than I expected, and some will turn out to be duds. But I can't know which are which in advance. So never prejudge and explore them all.
I get the daily, mundane, necessary obligations of life out of the way quickly. I'm talking about bills, laundry, the kinds of things none of us want to do but we all have to. If not taken care of, these things can fester into guilt and worry. Once out of the way, I'm free to focus on opportunity, possibility, the wonder in the world around me.
In addition, I'm careful not to clutter up my life by taking on any additional daily obligations without very good reason.
I am playful in everything I do. Playfulness is like a magnet, attracting good events and good people to you. Its opposite, over-seriousness, repels these things and is the kiss of death. Even when in situations where it's not appropriate to overtly exhibit my playfulness, I know it's there, under the surface.
…Okay. So that's the constitution. I typed it up in Word and have made it a point to review it once a day since.
Now, here's an interesting "coincidence" that I think is a result of adopting this constitution. As I mentioned in a previous post, I have decided to go back to work full-time doing something with my technology and/or training background. Back in March, I met a recruiter for a technical placement agency at an Mpact meeting, but I had misplaced his card. Just the other day I thought to myself, I need to find a way to get hold of him. Well, today I ate lunch at Court House Deli, stopped to feed the pigeons, then ran by my aparment to grab some library books I needed to return. As I walked out the door of my building, I bumped into the very recruiter I had been looking for. He had heard my building was nice and had come by to check on vacancies. So we talked for 15 minutes and he asked me to send him a resume. He also promised to say I referred him if he moves in, which will get me a $400 discount on rent.
Maybe it's just me, but I have a lot of trouble believing that was a coincidence. "No matter what situation I may be in, I know I'll be presented with the perfect opportunities." People are event magnets.
Okay, enough for now, gotta get that resume out.


Hugh Plaistowe was born in London where he worked in his father's confectionery business. In 1895, in partnership with a Mr. J. Hobbs, he began making confectionery in Perth. The factory in West Perth began operations in 1915. Among their products was the famous Choo Choo Bar, now revived by Lagoon Confectioners.
Plaistowe expanded their operations beyond confectionery and, from the early days, had a very active research and development operation. In 1919, because of the difficulty in obtaining essential oils and flavourings, they began to extract these from locally available material.
This opened up new business opportunities beyond the food sector and subsequently a new division, called Plaimar, was established. This division ventured into perfumes, distilling sandalwood oil, boronia otto, oil of lemon and peppermint from locally grown plants.
In 1928 Plaistowe developed a process for producing tomato concentrate, which was successfully exported to the UK and to the eastern states. The company also obtained a licence for the brand UK brand Fulcreem. Under this brand they made custard powder, Don jellies, lemon juice cordial, cakes and other goods.
An article published in 1930 recorded that Plaistowe and Co. Ltd. manufactured over 400 different confections including "chocolates, milk chocolates, and sugar confections, triple blend cocoa, icing sugar, lemon and orange peel".
Plaistowe was acquired by Nestlé in the early 1990s. The brand is now applied only to cooking chocolate products and cocoa.


text:
VulnerabilitiesSearch And Statistics
Sort results by: Publish Date Descending Publish Date Ascending Modified Date Descending Modified Date Ascending
Search Results (Refine Search)
Search Parameters:
Results Type: Overview
Keyword (text search): cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:edge:84.0.522.48:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CPE Name Search: true
There are 252 matching records.
Displaying matches 41 through 60.
Vuln ID
CVSS Severity
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory in Microsoft Edge, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Edge, ChakraCore. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0980, CVE-2018-0990, CVE-2018-0993, CVE-2018-0994, CVE-2018-0995, CVE-2018-1019.
Published: April 11, 2018; 9:29:07 PM -0400 V3.0: 7.5 HIGH
V2.0: 7.6 HIGH
An information disclosure vulnerability exists when Microsoft Edge improperly handles objects in memory, aka "Microsoft Edge Information Disclosure Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Edge. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0998.
Published: April 11, 2018; 9:29:06 PM -0400 V3.0: 4.3 MEDIUM
V2.0: 4.3 MEDIUM
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 1703 and 1709 allow information disclosure, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Information Disclosure Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0891.
Published: March 14, 2018; 1:29:03 PM -0400 V3.0: 4.3 MEDIUM
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 1703 and 1709 allow remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0873, CVE-2018-0874, CVE-2018-0930, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0934, and CVE-2018-0936.
Published: March 14, 2018; 1:29:03 PM -0400 V3.0: 7.5 HIGH
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 1709 allow remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0873, CVE-2018-0874, CVE-2018-0930, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0934, and CVE-2018-0937.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0873, CVE-2018-0874, CVE-2018-0930, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0936, and CVE-2018-0937.
Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, and Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows information disclosure, due to how Microsoft browsers handle objects in memory, aka "Microsoft Browser Information Disclosure Vulnerability".
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1709 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0873, CVE-2018-0874, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0934, CVE-2018-0936, and CVE-2018-0937.
Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0876, CVE-2018-0889, CVE-2018-0925, and CVE-2018-0935.
ChakraCore, and Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 and R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, and Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allow information disclosure, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Information Disclosure Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0939.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0873, CVE-2018-0930, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0934, CVE-2018-0936, and CVE-2018-0937.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0872, CVE-2018-0874, CVE-2018-0930, CVE-2018-0931, CVE-2018-0933, CVE-2018-0934, CVE-2018-0936, and CVE-2018-0937.
Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1607, 1703, and Windows Server 2016 allows a security feature bypass, due to how Edge handles different-origin requests, aka "Microsoft Edge Security Feature Bypass".
Published: February 14, 2018; 9:29:01 PM -0500 V3.0: 4.3 MEDIUM
Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1607, 1703, and Windows Server 2016 allows an attacker to force the browser to send data that would otherwise be restricted to a destination website of the attacker's choice, due to how Microsoft Edge handles redirect requests, aka "Microsoft Edge Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-11863 and CVE-2017-11874.
Published: November 14, 2017; 10:29:01 PM -0500 V3.0: 6.5 MEDIUM
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to gain the same user rights as the current user, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-11836, CVE-2017-11837, CVE-2017-11838, CVE-2017-11839, CVE-2017-11840, CVE-2017-11841, CVE-2017-11843, CVE-2017-11846, CVE-2017-11858, CVE-2017-11859, CVE-2017-11861, CVE-2017-11862, CVE-2017-11869, CVE-2017-11870, CVE-2017-11871, and CVE-2017-11873.
Published: November 14, 2017; 10:29:01 PM -0500 V3.0: 7.5 HIGH
Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to trick a user into loading a page containing malicious content, due to how the Edge Content Security Policy (CSP) validates documents, aka "Microsoft Edge Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-11872 and CVE-2017-11874.


Scattered along the edge of the Pacific coastline, Oregon Coast breweries are some of the best in the country. Whether you're a beer aficionado or simply enjoy a good, cold pint, you'll love exploring these Oregon Coast breweries and brewpubs. So get ready to take a guided tour or sip on some beers while watching the waves! Oregon's local breweries will meet your every need. Here are some of our favorites.
We've listed some of our favorite Oregon Coast breweries, but there's so much more to discover! Access our free Vacation Guide to find out picks for the best restaurants and cafes along the Oregon Coast. Our free Vacation Guide has helped countless visitors to the Oregon Coast, and it can help you too! Access it today to get started.
One of the best ways to experience Oregon Coast breweries is by signing up for the North Coast Craft Beer Trail. A car, bus, or trolley will take you to ten breweries between Astoria and Seaside. At the end of your trip, you'll receive a free souvenir glass! This is the best way to visit a great range of breweries safely. Cheers to that!
Originally a single brewpub, Fort George Brewery and Public House encompasses a whole city block in Astoria. This massive warehouse crafts delicious, original beers that are distributed only in the Pacific Northwest. Be sure to take a brewery tour and explore the facility's restaurants, music venues, breweries, and tasting room.
Buoy Beer Company is another one of our favorite Astoria breweries, located on the banks of the Columbia River. Here, beers are made with a few pure ingredients and a whole lot of local flavor. Guests can visit the taproom for a cold one and some classic American grub.
If you're looking for one of the best breweries in Seaside, Oregon, we've got just the spot! Seaside Brewing Company has turned the old Seaside City Jail into a spacious brewery that produces five craft beers on site. They also have a taproom and pub where you can pair your pint with a heaping bowl of chowder or a hearty hamburger. Yum!
Pelican Brewing Company was established by three beer lovers in 1996. Today, Pelican is an industry leader with multiple locations and over 300 prestigious awards. Feel free to take a tour of the microbrewery, or visit the full-production brewery that ships truckloads of beer each day. You can also enjoy scrumptious beer cuisine at one of their brewpubs and taprooms.
Are you traveling with children? Then head to Public Coast Brewing! At Public Coast, everyone is welcome, including even dogs. Kick back on the patio when the weather is nice, or grab a stool at the wrap-around bar. Public Coast even have live music on weekends!
Bill's Tavern is another great option for those seeking a kid-friendly brewpub. This Cannon Beach staple is known for its microbrews, fish & chips, and comfortable, saloon-like vibe. The outdoor patio is a fantastic place to people-watch during the busy summer season.
After your day exploring these Oregon Coast breweries, return to a gorgeous home from Starfish Vacation Rentals! Consider booking The Nordic Star, a Cannon Beach property that is just a five-minute drive from Bill's Tavern. This three-bedroom, two-bathroom home is just a short walk to the shoreline and features a great view of Haystack Rock. This home is fantastic for families who don't want to sacrifice privacy or space during their annual vacation.


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Making a career out of a marine dream
Where the seagrass is greener
Combining culture and science
Image by Harriet Spark, Grumpy Turtle Creative.
Mykala Wright
Land and Water Management
An island of inspiration
Growing up in the Central Torres Strait, part of Northern Australia, JCU Alumni Madeina David knew from a young age that she wanted to work on the water. As she got older, her fascination with the ocean evolved and her passion to preserve marine life for future generations led her to pursue marine biology.
As a child, Madeina spent most of her spare time on and in the water surrounding her home, Yam Island.
"Growing up, my dad was a fisherman. So, that meant I was out on the boat all day every day before I even started primary school," she says. "Being on the water all the time inspired me. I knew early on that I wanted to study the things in the water, I just didn't know at the time that it was called marine biology."
After graduating from Tagai State College on Thursday Island, Madeina heard about JCU's tropical research stations and hands-on approach to learning and made the difficult decision to move away from her family and home on Yam Island to pursue marine biology at university in Townsville.
"I heard James Cook University was the place to be if you wanted to study marine biology, so I knew that was where I needed to go," she says. "My decision was solidified when I got there and realised that students from all over the world had travelled to Australia to study there."
Her university experience was enriched when she was given the opportunity to work with the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA) in their first ever Fisheries Programme Indigenous Cadetship.
"I started my cadetship in 2017 and I did 12 weeks of work experience with them each year for three years before graduating uni. Undertaking a cadetship while studying helped me to think about what fields I wanted to go into after I finished my degree," Madeina says. "I was able to apply the theory I was learning in the classroom in the world of marine science and management in the Torres Strait. The work experience I gained during the cadetship gave me a strong head start to life in the workforce."
JCU Alumni Madeina David.
After graduating university and completing her cadetship, Madeina was offered a permanent role with the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA).
"Both the Fisheries Programme and Environmental Management Programme offered me a job, and I ended up choosing the Environmental Management position because they gave me the opportunity to go back home to Yam and work as a member of the Land and Sea Management Unit from there," she says.
The TSRA Land and Sea Management Unit (LSMU), overseen by JCU Alumni Stan Lui, aims to empower Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal peoples to sustainably manage their natural and cultural resources.
Although based at home, Madeina's work takes her across all of the Torres Strait, where she collaborates with local Land and Sea Rangers and Traditional Owners to monitor the marine environment. Her work includes using cutting-edge technology — such as environmental DNA (eDNA) — to monitor and map coral, seagrass and migratory species such as dugongs and turtles.
"Seagrass is important because it's an indicator species. This means that the health of seagrasses acts as a signal of the surrounding environmental conditions. So, if there is something wrong with the seagrass then there is something wrong with the marine environment," she says.
"It is also very important culturally for us Torres Strait Islanders. The dugong and turtles we depend on rely on the seagrass for food. So, if there is something wrong with the seagrass, marine life such as dugongs and turtles are greatly impacted, and it will affect our island communities.
"As custodians of our waters, Traditional Owners in the Torres Strait understand that sustainable use of marine life for cultural purposes is intertwined with sustainability of species and environment. Our physical, economic, cultural and spiritual lives literally depend on a healthy marine environment."
Madeina (second from the left) working with JCU TropWATER researchers on seagrass monitoring.
Supplied by Madeina David.
As the primary project manager for coordinating seagrass monitoring between Rangers and researchers, Madeina helps manage the partnership between the TSRA and JCU's Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER).
"My job involves working with the TropWATER researchers at JCU in Cairns, where I'm learning how to analyse and interpret the data from the seagrass monitoring the Rangers are doing and then assisting in communicating this data back to the community with a seagrass report card," she says.
Together, TSRA and the JCU TropWATER Centre are combining traditional knowledge and modern science to train Rangers from remote island communities to monitor seagrass meadows in the Great Barrier Reef.
Madeina says that her traditional knowledge combined with the skills she gained from her science degree can help carve a path forward for sustainable and coordinated responses to care for our marine environments.
"Traditional ecological knowledge is a lot like science, but I guess it has only recently become recognised in the science world as valid. It is based on observation just like science is based on observation, and it is becoming more valued as actual data. We Indigenous scientists and communities have thousands of years of observation data sets," she says.
"I can understand science and I can understand traditional ecological knowledge, so I can break information down to Creole for the Traditional Owners and speak in their language, and when they are trying to communicate traditional ecological knowledge back to the scientists I can translate their information into something the scientists will understand clearly."
Madeina David (right) and Dr Karen Joyce (left) on the Reef Women expedition.
A dream takes flight from a drone
In late 2021, Madeina was a part of an all-female team of researchers that set sail on a week-long expedition to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to trial methods for monitoring its health.
On the trip, 15 women from JCU, Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef, the local tourism industry and the Torres Strait community surveyed 120 sites across 45 reefs as part of the Great Reef Census. Madeina says she feels honoured to have been a part of an expedition that highlighted the contribution women are making to reef research.
"I'm very grateful that the Reef Women expedition gave me the opportunity to work outside of the Torres Strait and learn from other scientists," she says. "There were a lot of women from different fields; everybody brought different things to the table, and it was a privilege to get to work with them and share their knowledge."
On board, Madeina found JCU Researcher Dr Karen Joyce's work with drones to be particularly inspiring. Karen uses drones to map ecosystems from the sky.
"As part of the research, we were looking at sea cucumber populations. Karen had no prior knowledge of sea cucumbers, but she has the droning and mapping background, and I know about sea cucumbers from my work in the Torres Strait. So, while I was telling her about the different species, she was teaching me how to use drones for mapping and I had the chance to practice flying them," Madeina says.
Since then, Madeina has found a passion for using drones to monitor the marine environment and hopes to pursue drone mapping in the future.
"Moving forward, I don't want to stick to one field. The Reef Women expedition showed me that working with drones means being able to map a lot of different things," she says.
"I was very inspired by Karen's work. I hope that in the future I'll be doing work with drone mapping; I'd love to survey dugong populations but also map coral reefs and map seagrass meadows. I want to do a bit of everything, and the opportunities for ecosystem mapping seem endless with drone technology."
Madeina (far right) and the women on the Reef Women expedition.
Discover JCU Marine Biology
Dive into the world under the water and learn how you can help protect our marine environment


text:
The biggest, boldest songs of 2019
By Anna Conrad, David Levesley, Kathleen Johnston, Thomas Barrie, Olive Pometsey 29 December 2019
From Billie Eilish to Blackpink, Rosalía to Stormzy, these are the songs that defined the sound of 2019
Songs in 2019 were bigger, bolder and brasher than before. They broke records we never even knew about (we're looking at you, Lil Nas X) and introduced music from around the globe in a completely new way. From K-pop to empowering funk ballads and experimental collaborations, here are the best songs of 2019.
Special mention: 'Harmony Hall' by Vampire Weekend
That guitar hook that climbs and falls, almost like someone in swimming trunks climbing onto a diving board and tumbling back into the warm water of an LA swimming pool. Those syncopating piano chords, an American tribute to Happy Mondays. That timely refrain, lifted from Modern Vampires Of The City: "I don't wanna live like this / but I don't wanna die." It's rare that an opener (and this is the first "real" song on Father Of The Bride, as well as its first single) so perfectly signposts the direction of the album to follow. Thomas Barrie
10. 'Aute Cuture' by Rosalía
Last year's trap-tinted El Mal Querer was an exceptional and moody mission statement from Catalan flamenco disciple Rosalía. Then came 2019 and Rosalía has dropped single after single, banger after banger, with no less audacity and confident visual flair. While Rosalía has released more club-friendly singles this year – "Yo x Ti, Tu x Mi", "Con Altura" – "Aute Cuture" came out loud and strong, with flamenco percussion and a banjee gaucheness that translates into her video full of ornate nail designs and glorious outfits. It's Rosalía at her funnest, proof she deserves to be 2020's biggest star. David Levesley
9. 'Kill This Love' by Blackpink
Whenever people in my life suggest they don't like K-Pop, the litmus test is always "Kill This Love". Blackpink have never shied away from songs that feel like the Amazons staging a military parade, but their biggest single from 2019 takes it to a whole other level: the verses build and build, the bridges are sensual and feature a more mature, earthy vocal from Jisoo and Rosé and the chorus is absolutely exceptional. You don't even need to know their choreography to get your jush to those pounding horns, but their routine full of jagged poses takes it to new pop heights. DL
8. 'Don't Start Now' by Dua Lipa
As soon as the bass slides into the first verse of Dua Lipa's "Don't Start Now" you know you're going to dance, whether it's Saturday night or Monday morning's commute. The first single from her second album, Future Nostalgia, it kicks off the next era of her career with a modern disco jolt, pairing her signature assertive lyrics with a Studio-54-meets-Printworks sound. There won't be a New Year's Eve party in the country that isn't blasting this tune out come 31 December, that's for sure. Olive Pometsey
7. 'Shake It' by Charli XCX (featuring Big Freedia, Brooke Candy, Pabllo Vittar and Cupcakke)
Charli XCX's eponymous 2019 album is one full of experimentations, playing with just how far her industrial beats and aloof vocals can go. While there are bigger hits on the album, nothing is weirder than "Shake It"; in some ways, it's the spiritual successor of Pop 2's "I Got It", both queer-rap "Lady Marmalades" featuring Brooke Candy, Cupcakke and Pabllo Vittar. But here, with the added feature of bounce legend Big Freedia, the result is dissonant and elemental, more like Stravinsky than Sophie. Full of heavy breathing, twisted vocals, and with that perfectly written whisper verse from Cupcakke, it turns every dance floor into a coven of horny witches in an instant. DL
6. 'Old Town Road' by Lil Nas X
As well as being the catchiest song of 2019 (you're humming it in your head now, aren't you?), newcomer Lil Nas X's debut was also a record-breaking smash hit, spending more weeks – 19 – at No1 in the US than any other single, ever, as well as 20 weeks in the Top 20 on this side of the pond. Even its genesis is peak 2019, having risen to mainstream attention via TikTok, taking 20-year-old Montero Lamar Hill from making memes in his bedroom to global name and LGBTQ+ hero (not to mention GQ Hype cover star) in just a couple of months. While the original was itself a serious earworm, Billy Ray Cyrus' turn on the remix is what took this trap-rap-country mash up to outright omnipotent after an identity-politics controversy was kicked off by Billboard, which removed the track from the country charts for not being "country" enough. Here's betting the cowboy obsession continues well into 2020... Kathleen Johnston
5. 'Crown' by Stormzy
Stormzy's sweet spot is when he threads gospel influences through his music, giving an extra gravitas to his already poignant lyrics. Soulful and contemplative, "Crown" is one of those special instances, his own shy vocals contrasting with those of the choir, as he reflects on the pressures of life as a black role model for Britain's youth. In typical Stormzy style, the lyrics are brutally honest, but this single marked a noticeable elevation of his sound, with its full-bodied production and finessed air of a king who wears his crown with pride. OP
4. 'Bad Guy' by Billie Eilish
If Billie Eilish is a world away from your average teen, then her dark, eerily beautiful brand of pop is even further from the kind of cookie-cutter floor fillers that dominate the charts. "Bad Guy" is a case in point. Fast paced, ominous and brilliantly beat-driven, with a malevolent melody that makes you feel as though you're stuck inside a scary video game, there's a reason this wholly original hit has been streamed more than one billion times on Spotify. Beyond the production (props to Eilish's beat-making brother, Finneas) it's her breathy, destabilising but still saccharine-sweet vocals and the mischievously ironic lyrics, not to mention a thoroughly unusual beat change in the last third, which makes it stand out from the rest. The best part? The titular "Bad Guy" isn't some loser boyfriend or commitment-phobe love interest, but Eilish herself. As she says in the chorus, "Duh". KJ
3. 'Nothing Breaks Like A Heart' by Mark Ronson (featuring Miley Cyrus)
The song that popularised the sad banger. There's something desperate about "Nothing Breaks Like A Heart", perhaps thanks to that outlaw drumbeat, reminiscent of the galloping hooves of a bandito running for the border (a theme fully in keeping with the song's awesome music video), or because of the sheer depth of cinematic emotion in Miley Cyrus's vocals. Back in June, Ronson told GQ that he still gets shivers when Cyrus's voice first comes sweeping in over those opening chords that sound like something out of a classic Hollywood film. "This world can hurt you / It cuts you deep and leaves a scar," she sings. It sure can, but "Nothing Breaks Like A Heart" is proof that we still need that human melancholy to spur the very best dark, seductive bangers – and that they don't have to sacrifice their pop qualities to be moody as hell. TB
2. 'Motivation' by Normani
The "Check On It" of the 2010s, the throwback gift that 2019 pop music needed, Normani swooped in at the end of summer and gave us all the motivation we needed to get through the rest of the year. A track that paid homage to pop legend Beyoncé, with a confident and self-assured attitude that respectfully said, "I'm now ready to take over as queen," "Motivation" and its accompanying music video established Normani as a triple-threat force to be reckoned with. Bow down, there's a new pop monarch in town. OP
1. 'Juice' by Lizzo
"Juice" was the defining sound of 2019, with its retro glamour, confident swagger and mass appeal, it became this year's "Uptown Funk", a song that manages to celebrate old heroes – in this case drawing on David Bowie-esque guitar lines and Prince funk-pop – while still being familiar and current enough for it to fill the pointless hours of game segments on Love Island and also draw in mass crowds to Glastonbury. Percolating in January, the single came into its stride with each passing month, as more people warmed to Lizzo's charm, her playful sense of humour and love of jazz flutes. "Juice" was the antidote people needed in 2019, a feel-good, empowering pop anthem to escape to. Anna Conrad
Follow GQ on Vero for exclusive music content and commentary, all the latest music lifestyle news and insider access into the GQ world, from behind-the-scenes insight to recommendations from our editors and high-profile talent.
The albums that made 2019 great again
Great news everybody: Lizzo's already dropped the best song of the year
Mark Ronson: 'Miley Cyrus was born to sing "Nothing Breaks Like A Heart"'
CultureMusic
Miley Cyrus' car collection is all bangerz
By Benjie Goodhart 23 November 2020
The best things to watch right now according to your favourite musicians
By Kathleen Johnston 14 December 2020


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Collingwood premiership player Harry O'Brien is changing his name and will be officially known as Heritier Lumumba.
The Collingwood defender/wingman and 2010 All-Australian is changing his surname to Lumumba in recognition of his father's family name and his paternal Congolese heritage. He has made a formal application to have the name changed.
O'Brien was the name he took from his stepfather, Ralph, who passed away suddenly in 2009. The Magpie was born to a Brazilian mother, Elizabeth, and Congolese father in Rio de Janeiro, before moving to Western Australia, where he was raised by his mother and stepfather.
Lumumba is his biological father's family name.
Collingwood has confirmed not only that "Harry" will change his last name to reclaim his father's ancestry, but that he will be known as Heritier Lumumba, retaining the same first name. He has indicated that he prefers to be called either "H" or "'Tier" – the latter being the abbreviation his family uses – rather than Harry.
Lumumba told Collingwood's website that teammates were "having a lot of fun" with his new name.
"They said, 'we just can't wait until you get the ball and you're bouncing down the wing and we hear the commentators pronouncing your name'," he said, adding of the new name: "It's a bit stronger than Harry O'Brien ... it's always resonated with me."