text:
Миролю́бівка — село в Україні, у Синельниківському району Дніпропетровської області. Населення за переписом 2001 року становить 726 осіб. Орган місцевого самоврядування - Миролюбівська сільська рада., над річкою Середня Терса.

Географія
Село Миролюбівка знаходиться на березі річки Середня Терса, вище за течією на відстані 0,5 км розташоване село Котлярівське, нижче за течією на відстані 1,5 км розташоване село Андріївка.

Історія
 Поблизу села досліджено кургани кочівників XI-XIII століть.
 Село засноване в другій половині XIX століття.
 У 1917 році село Кільманське було перейменоване в село Миролюбівка.
Після розгрому Катериною ІІ Запорізької Січі ці землі були роздані панам та колоністам. Тоді і потрапили на територію с. Миролюбівка брати Яків, Іван та Федір. Одного з них, Івана Пилиповича, мали за обрусілого німця і навіть назвали його прізвищем село – Кільманське. Пан мав велику родину: шість синів та дві доньки. Відділяючи своїх дітей, Іван Пилипович  побудував чотири садиби: одну на території нинішнього села Миролюбівка, другу на хуторі Сичовка, третю на території теперішнього села Новочернігівське, четверту – на території нинішнього села Новий Посьолок( раніше хутір Невінчаний). Коли дочка вийшла заміж за пана Майяра, Іван Пилипович «відписав» молодятам землі, де згодом утворилось село Маярське (цією назвою до цих пір називають село Новочернігівське) Наймолодший син Кільманів навчався в університеті в Мюнхені. Старші брати його засуджували. Адже буваючи на канікулах, він не допомагав по господарству і навіть гадки не мав заводити своє власне. Натомість одного разу привіз із Німеччини саджанці, які потім насадили уздовж шляху аж до Циганівки.
- Що там ваші вівці, свині та корови? Незабаром від них і сліду не залишиться, а пам'ять про мене ще довго шумітиме кронами…- говорив молодий пан

Так і сталося. Правда, час не милував Кільманів. Іван Пилипович помер ще до революції 1917 року. У громадянську махновці посікли шаблями Майяра в яслах. Уже в кінці 20 років до Миролюбівської агрошколи приїздив той самий молодший Кільман, який ніби працював в міністерстві в Києві. Селяни бачили, як він ходив на могилу батька.

У 1918 році на вилучені землі у пана Кільмана переселяють сім'ї з густонаселених районів.
Таким чином  в 1921 році розпочалося заселення майбутньої Миролюбівки. Майже всі переселенці з полтавської землі.

Цілина була поділена на ділянки. Щоб урівняти всіх – ділянки роздавались за допомогою жеребкування. Трудовою нормою вважалася земельна ділянка, яку селянин мав змогу обробити силами власної родини, без використання наймитів. В малоземельних районах вона була меншою, у багатоземельних – більшою. В нашому селі вона становила 5 га на прибувшу людину (в т. ч. дитину)
Здавна городній клаптик був для українця тією рятівною соломинкою, яка давала можливість і в найскрутніші часи триматися на поверхні.

Розпочалося бурне будівництво хат. В залежності від природних умов, клімату, будівельних матеріалів, традицій в Україні споруджували житло найрізноманітніших типів. В Миролюбівці це були, в основному, довгі будинки  15 – 20  метрів. Вони поєднували в собі житло для людей, живності, реманенту. Так,  як людей приїхало багато на переселення, а матеріалу для будівництва  не було, то використовували  найдешевший місцевий матеріал – глину. Із гілок робився каркас стін, які  забивались   глиною.

В селі збереглась не одна така глинобитна хата, яка збудована в 20 роках минулого століття переселенцями.

Обов'язковим атрибутом кожної оселі була надвірна плита. А центром житла була піч, яка вважалася його душею. В Миролюбівці збереглась не одна піч і господині з задоволенням діляться своїми інструкціями в її використанні.
- Для того, щоб в печі спекти хліб, треба випалити велику корзину дров. Потім дивляться на черінь: якщо він вже  білий, то можна вигортати жар на перед печі і засувати спеціальною лопатою сковорідку з хлібом. Закриваємо піч і чекаємо поки по хаті підуть приємні запахи свіжоспеченого хліба.

Ви спитаєте: - А що ж таке черінь? Господиня з подивом і посмішкою скаже, що це – піднебіння печі ( як же можна такого не знати). Адже мешканці малих і великих поселень на українській землі були насамперед  хліборобами – людьми, що «робили» хліб і на золотавій ниві, і на млинному майданчику, і біля печі.

Де тепло, там і добро, і достаток, і злагода.
Господарювали наші селяни самостійно 6 років. У 1925році Пленум ЦК РКП(б) поставив вимогу «сприяти будівництву колгоспів».  Не минула ця участь і наших предків. Спочатку це були дрібні колгоспи (одна вулиця – один колгосп), а з 1932 – об'єднані колгоспи. Наталівський «Соз» та Андріївський «Бойовик» об׳єдналися в колгосп ім. К.Маркса. «Привілля», «Батрак», «Чонгарець» - в один колгосп «Чонгарець».

Першим головою колгоспу «Чонгарець» став Кулага Василь, але ненадовго. Другим головою був обраний Зуб Никифор Якович, який у молоді роки служив у лейб – гвардії графа Воронцова, яка виступала за революцію.

В житті колгоспів та суспільства наступає період політизації: не будучи членом КП(б) не можеш бути головою. І тому в 1937 році призначається новий голова колгоспу - партійний Назаренко Афанасій Григорович, який до цього в  голодні 30-і роки очолював комуну під назвою «Паризька комуна» Він залишався головою аж до війни, потім евакуював усю худобу до Ростова, здав усе і сам пішов до воєнкомату. З війни він так і не повернувся.

Майже 300 земляків не повернулися з фронтів НРВ. Із них - 84 миролюбівці.
Після війни, в 1946 році головою колгоспу   призначений Стрюк Іван Трохимович. Улюблений його вислів «Тьху ти, Боже мій!» Односельці так його ласкаво й піддражнювали. Землю обробляла Славгородська МТС, так як техніки своєї не було. Корів на пахоті  вже не використовували, а доїли за їх прямим призначенням.
В 1948 році справили  перші обжнивки.
1949 рік – колгосп «Чонгарець», за високі досягнення у тваринництві, стає учасником ВДНГ у Києві.
В 1950 році, у рамках політики укрупнення господарств, об'єднались 2 колгоспи: «Чонгарець» та «Карла Маркса»(с.Андріївка) і центральною садибою стало село Миролюбівка.

Після війни люди розправили крила, легко вдихнули мирного повітря, створюються нові сім'ї.
В 50 –і роки підключене  перше радіо. 1958 – 1959 роки – будується третя  тракторна бригада, ферми, свинарники.

1962 рік – вулиця підключена під загальну мережу освітлення. З'явилися перші телевізори. 1962 – останнє об'єднання колгоспів. Головою об'єднаних колгоспів «Чонгарець», «Карла Маркса», «Кірова», «Паризька комуна», став Шевченко Іван Артемович.  Розвивається тваринництво, будується тік,тракторна бригада, ферми, а в 1966 році нова школа. З'являються нові житлові будинки .

В 2000 році колгосп припинив своє існування.

Історії властивий розвиток по спіралі, епохи повторюються видозмінюючись:  селяни знову отримали земельні наділи і вже 9 років господарюють на власній землі.

Об'єкти соціальної сфери
 Школа.
 Миролюбівський аграрний професійний ліцей.
 Амбулаторія.
 Клуб.

Література
 Миролю́бівка // Історія міст і сіл Української РСР : у 26 т. / П.Т. Тронько (голова Головної редколегії). — К. : Головна редакція УРЕ АН УРСР, 1967 - 1974. — том Дніпропетровська область / А.Я. Пащенко (голова редколегії тому), 1969 : 959с. — С.774-775

Посилання
 Погода в селі Миролюбівка

Села Дніпропетровської області
Половецькі кургани Дніпропетровської області
Археологія Синельниківського району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SCHOLARSHIP: Are you Catholic and in your final year of High School? Are you planning to attend post-secondary school after graduation? If so, the Didsbury CWL is offering one (1) $500.00 scholarship. To receive an application, please email Maxine Moreau, president of the Didsbury CWL at dumax22@hotmail.com. The application process will ask for an essay and two (2) letters of reference. Deadline to submit application is May 17, 2019.
The Vatican has published the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Christus vivit ("Christ Lives"), addressed to young people and the entire People of God. The document was prepared drawing inspiration from the reflections and conversations of the Synod on Young People, the Faith and Vocational Discernment held in October 2018. Right from the opening lines of the Exhortation, the Pope calls on youth to recognize and embrace God's love and their special role in the Church. "The Church needs your momentum, your intuitions, your faith... And when you arrive where we have not yet reached, have the patience to wait for us."
The document is currently available online from the Holy See, and CCCB Publications will have printed copies of the document available for sale shortly.
Are you looking for a place to practice your faith while attending University? Check out St. Joseph's College at the University of Alberta! SJC offers residences for men and women, Catholic courses for U of A credit, Catholic Pastoral Services, and Catholic Mass.
Are you a university or senior high school student? Are you curious about the world around you? Do you like to write? Would you like to interview interesting people and learn from professional journalists? Do you want to enrich your faith? The Catholic Register wants you. They are assembling their new Youth Speak News team of writers from across Canada for the 2018-19 season. Check out the video to see what team members do, or find application details at catholicregister.org.


silicone bib baby children meals pocket waterproof bibs stereo tuba dinner online with piece on store best for toddlers.
silicone bib larger photo email a friend review.
silicone bib skip hop zoo fold go unicorn best bibs for toddlers.
silicone bib waterproof china pigeon review.
silicone bib cute cartoon pattern waterproof with pocket for baby girls and boys dark blue bibs toddlers.
silicone bib made in usa.
silicone bib roll up n go make my day baby australia.
silicone bib baby giraffe 1 count walmart.
silicone bib soft adjustable grab a bite baby target.
silicone bib premium waterproof easily wipes clean comfortable soft baby bibs keep stains off adjustable snaps feeding for infants target.
silicone bib baby bibs waterproof cute animals meals pocket feeding newborn infant functional food review.
silicone bib cartoon baby make my day uk.
silicone bib pink necklace kushies review.
silicone bib baby kids waterproof bibs feeding roll up food catcher pocket pigeon review.
silicone bib eat with crumb catcher 2 pack review.
silicone bib amazon best selling waterproof baby walmart.
silicone bib best hot sale updated new baby disposable kids bibs children pick rice pocket cute boy and girls under for toddlers.
silicone bib happy animal present baby clothes rompers bibs shoes babies r us.
silicone bib 8 colors baby bibs feeding waterproof dirt resistant aprons burp saliva towel adjustable bandana in cloths from make my day austral.
silicone bib bee made in usa.
silicone bib catcher barn yard friends skip hop review.
silicone bib girl power bibs babies r us.
silicone bib curious otter bucket skip hop review.
silicone bib green promotional bibs personalized custom baby wholesale make my day uk.
silicone bib modern twist bucket made in usa.
silicone bib make my day baby australia.
silicone bib baby with crumb catcher red make my day uk.
silicone bib baby bibs china pigeon review.


JABB releases the highly hyped second installment of Da Oceans. With no features save for a Black Cobain verse and some interludes from the homies, this collection of amazing songs is more like an album than a mixtape. With street stories, braggadocios lyrics, a girl song that everyone can enjoy, and hundreds of quotables, this is one project to make sure you don't miss. Most of the hard-hitting, sample-based production is from Bizness Boi, of the industry veterans Elusive Orkestra. These beats back crazy wordplay and content worthy of any rapper. Honestly, this reminds me more of Jay-Z on Volume 2. To some, comparisons like this may seem premature, but go listen to the project first before you judge.


text:
Q: Recyclerview with inside nested scrollview? I am using multiple View-holder inside recycler which placed inside nested scroll view,There is a change in Natural behaviour of onBindViewHolder() Recycler view because of Nested Scroll,getItemViewType() all items are called inside onBindViewHolder() when initiate recycler adapter,For Example I have 20 Items means in normal scenario only three items called when initiate,but in case of nested scroll view all 20 views create on first load.
Xml File
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/main_content"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:background="@color/light_gray_vd">
    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/app_bar_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">

        <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
            android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:contentScrim="@color/primaryColor"
            app:expandedTitleMarginEnd="16dp"
            app:expandedTitleMarginStart="48dp"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">

            <FrameLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
                app:layout_collapseMode="parallax">

                <include
                    android:id="@+id/inc_gallery"
                    layout="@layout/proj_galery_new"
                    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            </FrameLayout>

            <View
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar1"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                android:layout_gravity="top"
                app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
                app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">

                <include
                    android:id="@+id/toolbar_header_view"
                    layout="@layout/header_view"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:visibility="gone" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

        </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
        android:id="@+id/vde_mv_scroll_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">

        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/rlCollapseScroll"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">
            <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
                android:id="@+id/view_recycler"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content">

            </android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

        </FrameLayout>
    </android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

A: remove NestedScrollView and frameLayout, and set app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" for recycleView
 like this:
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/main_content"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:background="@color/light_gray_vd">
    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/app_bar_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">

        <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
            android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:contentScrim="@color/primaryColor"
            app:expandedTitleMarginEnd="16dp"
            app:expandedTitleMarginStart="48dp"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">

            <FrameLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
                app:layout_collapseMode="parallax">

                <include
                    android:id="@+id/inc_gallery"
                    layout="@layout/proj_galery_new"
                    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            </FrameLayout>

            <View
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar1"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                android:layout_gravity="top"
                app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
                app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">

                <include
                    android:id="@+id/toolbar_header_view"
                    layout="@layout/header_view"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:visibility="gone" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

        </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
                android:id="@+id/view_recycler"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
                android:scrollbars="vertical">

            </android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

A: The issue is both Recyclerview and NestedScrollview are scrollable. By removing one, you should be able to achieve the effect you wanted.
So, try using only Recyclerview without putting it inside NestedScrollView. Like this :
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/main_content"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:background="@color/light_gray_vd"
    >
  <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
      android:id="@+id/app_bar_layout"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
      >

    <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
        android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:contentScrim="@color/primaryColor"
        app:expandedTitleMarginEnd="16dp"
        app:expandedTitleMarginStart="48dp"
        app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed"
        >

      <FrameLayout
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
          app:layout_collapseMode="parallax"
          >

        <include
            android:id="@+id/inc_gallery"
            layout="@layout/proj_galery_new"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            />

      </FrameLayout>

      <View
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
          />

      <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
          android:id="@+id/toolbar1"
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
          android:layout_gravity="top"
          app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
          app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
          >

        <include
            android:id="@+id/toolbar_header_view"
            layout="@layout/header_view"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:visibility="gone"
            />
      </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

    </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

  </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

  <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
      android:id="@+id/view_recycler"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

You can also reference this example or read this article from Code path about how to handle scroll with CoordinatorLayout
CheeseSquare from Chris Bane also has a good CoordinatorLayout example

A: I also had same issue after Android Support Library 23.2.0 update.
Set RecyclerView's android:layout_height to match_parent.
And disable new automeasure feature (read more):
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getContext(),
    LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
layoutManager.setAutoMeasureEnabled(false);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Today determining the right cleaning company to offer you services is a very challenging task. This is an immediate consequence of the development in the number of associations today. Picking the right association to offer you cleaning services is the best choice on can make. A cleaning company is an organization that specializes in providing cleaning services to customers' businesses and residential premises. The cleaning association selected will determine the outcome. You require an association that will give a predominant result. Therefore this article will focus on some of the factors you should consider while selecting a cleaning company.
First, you ought to consider the experience of the cleaning company. Experience is a critical factor to recall at whatever point you are settling on a choice of picking any company. An experience company knows how to handle different services because they have the required skills. These diverse abilities are gotten amid the time they have been in the market. An experienced association moreover is a setup association that guarantee you better service for them to keep up the reputation. It is exceptionally dangerous to believe an unpracticed organization to offer you cleaning services. Therefore, you should consider choosing a cleaning company that is more experienced.
Secondly, the permit and qualified staff. This is another fundamental significance to consider while picking a cleaning company. While hiring a cleaning company, sometimes it requires you to trust it by allowing the company to offer services even at your absence. Therefore, you can't just trust any company to provide the cleaning services. An organization that you pick ought to be authorized in the event of any wrongdoing, you can have the capacity to follow the company. For an association to be approved in any country it is required to have an element of capacity for it to be permitted to function. You should consider a company that hires very qualified and professional staff.
Lastly, the kind of cleaning service you should procure. This likewise is another critical viewpoint to investigate making the last decision. There are different kinds of cleaning service. The residential cleaning service which is generally called house guardian service. It is the most widely recognized and practices just on offering residential based cleaning services. The commercial cleaning service which practices on cleaning business premises, and the cover cleaning service that spends significant time the cleaning of both residential and commercial premises. Therefore you should consider the kind of service you prerequisite for you to have the ability to make the benefit choice. In conclusion, these are some of the factors you should consider while choosing a cleaning company.


text:
Q: Laravel 5 - redirect not working I'm not able to redirect in my application using:
return redirect('/);

The problem comes from when the user do a login using facebook.
Facebook returns a url that contains #= and seems to block my site execution:
public function createUserFromFacebookInfos( $info )
    {
        $user = User::firstOrCreate([
            'email' => $info->email
        ]);

        $user->name = $info->name;
        $user->provider_token = $info->token;
        $user->provider_id = 1;
        $user->save();

        $this->auth->login( $user );

        return redirect('/');
    }

How can I remove that piece of url?
I have read that that code is added when redirect_uri is missing, but where should I set this redirect_uri?

A: Make sure that you are propagating the redirect object returned from sub-function out from your main controller function.


The goal of the Greater Pittsburgh Museum Council is to promote communication, cooperation, and growth among its member museums. It also seeks to inform the public about the many museums in southwestern Pennsylvania. If you're coming to Pittsburgh, check out the website for information on museums in the area.


text:
Q: to get individual rows of the list in a single data frame Python I have a list created after perforing basic filter in a WHILE loop. now I want each of my list ros in a single DataFrame That I can access outside the loop.
the code I have is
filePath = "pinToBall_Bump.csv"

with open(filePath, 'r') as inpFile:
    line = inpFile.readline()
    while line:
        # print(line)
        filter1 = re.sub(r'^[io_]+', "", line)
        filter2 = re.sub(r'^[gddr6_]+', "", filter1)
        filterList = filter2.split(",")
        print(filterList)
        line = inpFile.readline()


Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Manzullo, and Members of the Subcommittee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify about the growing U.S.- Cambodia bilateral relationship and, in particular, Cambodia's outstanding bilateral debt to the United States.
Given the many challenges that Cambodia faced as recent as a decade ago, the country has come a long way in recent years. It is enjoying increasing political stability and is slowly recovering from 30 years of war, including the atrocities of the Khmer Rouge era. Cambodia's economy was the seventh fastest growing economy in the world over the past decade. While Cambodia experienced a recession in 2009, current predictions call for a return to strong growth in 2010 and 2011.
There has been meaningful progress on political and social issues as well. National elections in July 2008—while falling short of international standards on several counts—were peaceful and allowed the Cambodian people to express their preferences in an open and fair manner. The Cambodian government allowed significantly greater freedom to the political opposition during the 2008 elections than in previous elections and showed some willingness to engage on civil liberties and human rights issues. The government recently passed anti-corruption legislation and revised its massive penal code—significant steps in Cambodia's fight against corruption. Cambodia has also made commendable progress in combating human trafficking, increasing prosecutions and convictions of traffickers, and launching a new National Committee to combat human trafficking, as well as establishing new national minimum standards on victim protection. According to an August 2009 public opinion poll, 79 percent of the Cambodian population believes that the country is headed in the right direction.
In regional and global arenas, Cambodia has sought a larger role in recent years, as illustrated by its participation in international peacekeeping efforts, its involvement in the Lower Mekong Initiative in partnership with the United States, and its campaign for a rotating seat on the UN Security Council. Cambodia's main foreign policy challenge is, not surprisingly, managing relations with its larger neighbors. Cambodia-Thailand relations have been strained since 2008, in part related to border disputes, but bilateral dialogue has begun to diminish that tension. Relations with Vietnam are good, but final resolution of an ongoing Cambodia-Vietnam border demarcation process remains elusive. China is an increasingly important provider of assistance and foreign investment in recent years, a fact that encourages Cambodia to keep relations with China on a positive footing.
Despite a generally positive trend on most of Cambodia's domestic matters, several economic and political issues continue to cause significant concern among local populations as well as the international community. Most Cambodians remain poor, with endemic corruption and impunity limiting efforts to improve their standard of living. Political expression is stifled, including by employing criminal defamation and disinformation laws to intimidate and prosecute politicians and journalists. The judiciary remains weak, politicized, and overwhelmed. Arbitrary arrests and extrajudicial killings remain a problem. Land disputes and forced evictions, sometimes accompanied by violence, persist. HIV/AIDS and maternal mortality as well as persistent gender based violence stand as critical areas for continued improvement. All of these issues must be successfully and fully addressed for Cambodia to achieve its full democratic and economic potential.
U.S.-Cambodian relations have continued to improve over the past few years. The tempo of interaction has quickened, and there has been both a broadening and deepening of positive engagement in a number of key areas. We benefit from Cambodia's cooperation on law enforcement issues, human trafficking, counterterrorism, demining, and efforts to account fully for Americans missing from the Indochina conflict. Our security cooperation with Cambodia is maturing, allowing us to focus even more on such areas as defense reform and professionalization, regional cooperation, international peacekeeping, border and maritime security, counterterrorism, and civil-military operations. The Global Peace Operations Initiative "Angkor Sentinel" exercise in 2010 was a milestone in our growing military-to-military cooperation and exemplifies Cambodia's commitment to international peace and stability. With United States encouragement and support, Cambodia has taken increasingly responsible positions on the world stage, including sending de-mining teams to participate in UN missions to the Central African Republic, Chad, and the Sudan.
We have actively supported the Khmer Rouge Tribunal's efforts to bring perpetrators of that era's atrocities to justice, and commended the tribunal's handling of the Kaing Guek Eav, aka "Duch," case. We paid close attention to previous allegations of mismanagement and corruption within the court administration, and successfully pushed for the appointment of an Independent Counselor function in August, 2009. Since then, the Independent Counselor has developed as a credible oversight and preventive mechanism. We and other donors are satisfied with its work. On March 31 of this year, Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Stephen J. Rapp announced a U.S. contribution of $5 million in FY2010 Economic Support Funds to the court, and we will seek ways to continue our support. Former Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Clint Williamson was recently appointed by the UN as Special Expert to the court in order to provide legal and administrative expertise as it continues its work.
Unfortunately, Cambodia's December 2009 forced removal to China of 20 Uighur asylum seekers, in contravention of its international obligations and long-standing cooperation with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, has complicated our efforts to further deepen the bilateral relationship. We have called on the government publicly and privately to uphold its international obligations to asylum seekers and refugees in the future, and seek assurances that cooperation on these issues in the future will be the norm.
We also continue to push the Cambodian government on human rights and rule of law. We have targeted our foreign assistance to support programs that strengthen civil society's ability to address legal and judicial reform, land rights, anti-corruption, the rights of women and children, prevention of human trafficking, and improving the quality of and access to education. We have also supported reform-minded institutions and individuals, sought to build capacity of public and private institutions, and encouraged expanded political participation by youth and women in elections and political processes. Our foreign assistance is also directed at a broad array of other important issues, including HIV/AIDS, maternal health, demining, professionalization of the military, and promoting economic development. Cambodia's identification as a "focus country" under the Administration's "Feed the Future" Initiative allows us to consider ways to expand our assistance into agriculture, food security, and resilience to climate change. The Peace Corps has been active in Cambodia since 2007 and is so popular that the Deputy Prime Minister spoke at the swearing-in ceremony of the most recent group of volunteers. In all, we are aiding Cambodia's development in FY2010 with more than $72 million, which makes it the fourth largest recipient of Department of State and USAID assistance in the East Asia and Pacific region.
In 2004 Cambodia joined the World Trade Organization. Between 2004 and 2008, Cambodia was the seventh fastest-growing economy in the world. This rapid development was driven largely by expansion in the garment, tourism, and construction sectors. The global economic crisis had a particularly painful impact on Cambodian economic growth. Because of a slowdown in external demand and foreign investment, Cambodia's growth dropped from 10.2 percent in 2007 to negative 2.5 percent in 2009. However, there is a positive sign for recovery: International Monetary Fund (IMF) growth predictions for the Cambodian economy currently range from 4 to 7 percent in 2010 and 2011.
The United States has been Cambodia's top trading partner since 1998, with exports to the United States accounting for approximately 17 percent of Cambodia's GDP last year. Garments dominate Cambodia's exports—especially to the United States—and accounted for over $2.6 billion, or 70 percent, of the country's overall exports between 2007 and 2009. The garment industry employs roughly 350,000 workers, mostly women. Cambodia has developed a relatively good labor record in the garment sector, built through close cooperation with the International Labor Organization and the United States under the Better Work Program. Since the expiration of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2004, Cambodian garment exports have grown by nearly 20 percent, due in part to safeguards placed on imports of certain apparel from China permitted under China's WTO accession agreement. These safeguards expired at the end of 2008. Due in large part to poor external demand, merchandise exports contracted by 8.6 percent in 2009, the first annual contraction since the mid-1990s. The Cambodian government, the garment industry, and labor unions are strong supporters of legislation that would allow duty-free access for garments from Cambodia and other less developed countries.
Cambodia's liberal investment regime has led to increased investment from Asian countries, particularly South Korea and China. American investors have lagged behind this trend, but a U.S. commercial presence is starting to expand rapidly. A weak business environment, poor infrastructure, inadequate enforcement of labor laws, and the highest energy costs in the region pose significant challenges to private sector-led growth. The government needs a more comprehensive, coordinated response to improve the competitiveness of Cambodia's economy. Moreover, irregular adherence to rule of law, endemic corruption, an incomplete regulatory framework, and underdeveloped human resources prevent Cambodia from becoming more economically competitive and hinder its full development potential. For all its growth over the past decade, Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia, relying on close to $1 billion per year in foreign assistance.
Under the United States-Cambodia Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) and the Economic Growth Bilateral Assistance Agreement, the United States is seeking to deepen and expand bilateral trade and investment ties. We support Cambodia's efforts to implement its WTO commitments and other domestic economic reforms, and seek ways to assist Cambodian authorities in areas such as Intellectual Property Rights enforcement, transparency, anti-corruption, and effectiveness of the banking and financial sectors.
Debt relief can be an important means of achieving U.S. goals of promoting economic growth, well-functioning financial markets, and economic reform abroad. Longstanding United States policy is to coordinate sovereign debt restructuring internationally, primarily through the Paris Club group of official creditors. This multilateral approach is a good value for the U.S. taxpayer because it increases recoveries from countries that are not paying their debts to the United States while maximizing benefits of debt relief for heavily-indebted, low-income countries that are unable to meet their payment obligations.
The United States provides debt cancellation only in limited circumstances, the majority of which are through the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. This approach provides U.S. resources to pay for the budgetary cost of debt relief for countries that are facing an unsustainable debt burden. To be eligible, HIPC countries must face a debt-to-export ratio greater than 150 percent and a debt-to-revenue ratio above 250 percent, among other factors. In the first stage, debtor countries commit to implementing economic reforms aimed at reducing poverty and avoiding a new build-up of unsustainable debt. Upon successful completion of the first stage, the United States and other Paris Club members jointly evaluate requests for debt cancellation and then reach individual implementation agreements with the debtor country. Throughout the process, State and Treasury officials rely heavily on International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank assessments of a debtor country's financial need for debt relief and willingness to undertake reforms. Congress has reinforced this need-based approach to debt relief by enacting statutes such as the Special Debt for the Poorest authorization (enacted this year as Section 7033 of Division F, Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Program, of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, P.L. 111-117) and the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (Title V of Appendix E of H.R. 3425, as enacted into law by Section 1000(a)(5) of P.L. 106-113, as amended). These statutes authorize the Executive Branch, under specific circumstances and criteria, to reduce sovereign debts.
Cambodia's public debt is almost entirely external. In 2009, Cambodia's debt outstanding to foreign creditors was nearly $3.2 billion, over one-quarter of which is owed to the United States and Russia. At the end of 2008, Cambodia's external public debt was 25 percent of its GDP. According to the most recent assessment by the IMF, Cambodia is at a moderate risk of debt distress, with rising contingent liabilities warranting increased vigilance. IMF data indicate that in 2008, Cambodia's debt-to-exports ratio was 37 percent and its debt-to-government revenues ratio was 167 percent (net present value terms). Cambodia, therefore, does not qualify for HIPC status. In 2005, HIPC was supplemented by the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), under which the IMF and the World Bank grant full debt forgiveness to any country that has completed its HIPC program. Cambodia, however, was granted an exception to the usual eligibility criteria for MDRI and benefited from $82 million in IMF debt relief in January 2006.
Cambodia's bilateral debt to the U.S. government remains an irritant to the relationship. A satisfactory resolution of Cambodia's debt would accelerate the development of an already improving bilateral relationship and enhance Cambodia's own economic development by improving its creditworthiness and access to international capital markets.
Cambodia's debt stems from shipments of U.S. agricultural commodities, such as cotton, rice, and wheat flour, financed with low interest-rate loans by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) under Title I of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, or P.L. 480 (now entitled the Food for Peace Act). The United States and Cambodia signed three P.L. 480 Title I agreements in 1972, 1973, and 1974, during the Vietnam War and Cambodia's turbulent Lon Nol era. The United States accepted significant payments in local currency under a "Currency Use Payment" provision commonly included in such agreements; the remainder of the debt was to be paid in dollars. The Lon Nol regime never consolidated its hold on the country and in 1975 Cambodia fell to the Khmer Rouge, which ceased servicing this debt. Arrears and late interest have accumulated since that time. By the end of 2009, Cambodia's total debt to the United States totaled approximately $445 million. About $405 million of that amount is in arrears and would be due immediately upon the implementation of any agreement to pay the debt.
In 1995, the Paris Club group of creditor nations and Cambodia reached an agreement to restructure Cambodia's debt on Naples terms – then the most generous treatment in the Paris Club's "toolkit." At the time, the United States was by far Cambodia's largest Paris Club creditor. Cambodia benefited from a 67 percent reduction of certain non-concessional debts and a long-term rescheduling of certain concessional debts. Since all of Cambodia's debt to the United States was contracted on concessional terms at below-market interest rates, the Paris Club agreement called on the United States to consolidate arrears and future payments scheduled between January 1, 1995 and June 30, 1997 into a new loan payable over 40 years following a 16-year grace period. Debt service falling due on or after July 1, 1997 was to be paid according to the original schedule. Cambodia eventually signed debt agreements with France, Germany, Italy, and Japan to implement the 1995 Paris Club agreement and began paying those countries accordingly. The United States and Cambodia never concluded a bilateral implementing agreement, in part because the Cambodian government refused to accept responsibility for debts incurred by the Lon Nol regime and also because of a disagreement at the time over the amount of debt owed.
In February 2006, the Cambodian Minister of Finance indicated that Cambodia agreed with the United States, in principle, that the amount of principal it owed was $162 million. He also agreed to move forward in drafting a Bilateral Agreement implementing the 1995 Paris Club Agreed Minute. Based on this understanding, the United States drafted a bilateral agreement that retroactively implemented the 1995 Paris Club agreement, including USDA's concessions, and presented it to the Cambodian government in the summer of 2006. The proposed U.S.-Cambodia bilateral debt agreement would reschedule the consolidated P.L. 480 debt at the original interest rate of 3 percent – a highly-concessional rate given the interest rate environment of the early 1970s.
To date, the Cambodian government has been unwilling to sign the draft bilateral agreement and now seeks additional concessions. Specifically, it seeks a lower interest rate and/or a debt swap arrangement. Longstanding U.S. debt policy, in keeping with Paris Club principles and U.S. budget rules, is to retain the same interest rate of the original loans in any rescheduling of those loans. Offering a lower interest rate would be an unauthorized form of debt reduction.
Cambodian officials have also indicated that domestic political obstacles still make the government reluctant to accept responsibility for debts incurred by the Lon Nol regime. Although some Cambodian observers may argue that this debt is illegitimate, the United States has on its side the international law principle that governments are generally responsible for the obligations of their predecessors. The government of Iraq accepted the debts incurred by Saddam Hussein. The civilian government of Nigeria accepted responsibility for debts accumulated by military governments that ruled the country in the 1980s and 1990s. Similarly, Afghanistan accepted the heavy debt burden left by decades of foreign occupation and civil war. There are many other examples.
Senior U.S. government officials have repeatedly encouraged Cambodia to live up to the 1995 Paris Club agreement it signed with the United States and other creditors, and urged it to sign the pending U.S.-Cambodia bilateral agreement without further delay. However, Cambodia may be reluctant to accept the current proposal to settle the bilateral debt issue if it believes there are good prospects of converting a significant amount of the debt service it would otherwise pay to the United States into a form of increased U.S. assistance.
Vietnam a debt rescheduling on terms similar to Cambodia's 1995 Paris Club debt agreement. Vietnam signed a bilateral implementing agreement with the United States in 1997, resumed making scheduled payments, and was in good financial standing when Congress created the Vietnam Education Foundation several years later. This program directs about 40 percent of Vietnam's total debt payments to the Foundation for joint education initiatives. Because Cambodia is not making scheduled payments, such an individualized debt-swap program is not a possibility.
The Administration is concerned that creating a special statutory debt reduction program for a country that is unwilling, rather than unable, to pay its debts sets a poor precedent for other counties in similar circumstances and sends the wrong message about prudent debt management. Cambodia has accumulated arrears to the United States while paying other creditors on time, and in at least one case, early. Every year, both within and outside of the Paris Club context, the United States reviews and declines similar requests for debt-for-assistance swap arrangements from debtor countries that are current on their debt service and may owe billions of dollars of debt.
The Administration has therefore urged the Cambodian government to sign the pending bilateral debt agreement and re-establish a track record of timely repayments under that agreement. We have told the Cambodian government that if it makes scheduled payments for at least one year, the U.S. government would communicate to the IMF that efforts are underway to resolve official arrears. This action could pave the way, should Cambodia then obtain an IMF program and a future Paris Club debt treatment, for a rescheduling of the accumulated arrears. Unfortunately, the Cambodian government has not responded to this overture and continues to accumulate arrears on debts owed to the United States.
Congress has also expressed its view on the importance of maintaining orderly creditor-debtor relations in a number of statutes, including Section 620(q) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Brooke Amendment (enacted this year as Section 7012 of Division F, Department of State, Foreign Operations and related Programs, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, P.L. 111-117). These statutes provide for an automatic cutoff of U.S. economic assistance to a country that is in default on certain loans for certain periods of time. Although Cambodia's USDA debts are not subject to these default sanctions, these statutes reflect Congress's expectation that countries repay their debts to the United States in a timely manner.
Another concern about funding foreign assistance programs through the principal and interest payments of debtor counties is that it circumvents normal budget rules. Congress passed the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 requiring U.S. creditor agencies to make realistic estimates about recoveries when calculating the true cost of lending programs. This approach saves U.S. taxpayers money by creating transparent incentives for agencies to manage credit programs efficiently and effectively. Accordingly, the Administration requests, and Congress annually appropriate, funds to be used to pay the U.S. budget cost of cancelling a country's debt obligation or providing a debt swap. The Cambodian proposal would circumvent this congressional budget oversight mechanism.
In sum, Cambodia's prompt agreement to resolve U.S. debt claims by drafting a Bilateral Agreement implementing the 1995 Paris Club Agreed Minute, as Cambodian officials proposed in 2006, would eliminate this long-standing dispute in a scenario of otherwise improving bilateral relations. A Cambodian agreement would also enhance the country's creditworthiness and its ability to access international capital markets. Other countries following this path have benefited enormously.
Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to appear before you today and welcome any questions you may have. Thank you.
I am a new generation of the Khmer people. We love our country and our cultures.
I don't think U.S will forgive for Cambodian Debt!
Phuket News - Thais ask: Who owns the jeep?
Phuket News – Thais ask: Who owns the jeep?


With the Broadway NYC FASHION B2B webstore we offer our retail customers the possibility to find the latest fashion trends in an easy way. Get inspired by a big selection of our articles and its end consumer friendly retail prices and attractive markups for retailers.
You are welcome to contact us for more information or to make a collection appointment in our showrooms to see the whole collections of BROADWAY NYC FASHION.


Looking to sell or improve your lifestyle?
Whatever the reason for making home improvements, we could help you get started. See our ideas on how you could add value to your home and find out the most popular things people do to improve their home.
Here are some examples of large and small home improvements. Some types of work could add more value than others so keep an eye on your spending.
Figures from Towergate Insurance September 2017, you can view full details on their website. These are indicative figures and don't represent financial advice. Always get professional advice and estimates before starting work. The amount of value added to your property will also be affected by other economic factors and changes.
The heart of your home and probably the first place you want to fix up.
If you do go for a new kitchen, make sure you don't overspend in relation to the value of your home.
Buyers often look at how many bathrooms are in a home.
Think about classic trends that won't date when it comes to decor.
The extra living space could work wonders.
You may not need planning permission, but you'll need to comply with building regulations.
Depending on the type of work you are looking to do, how much it's likely to cost and how soon you need to do it, you have a few different options. For long term projects, you could look to save up but for more urgent or larger pieces you may consider a loan.


AS 1/3 youth girl, 62 girl. Pls check the measurements for its ability to other brands.
This outfit is made of compound knitted fabric and lace .and skirt looks like Umbrella,this outfit can showed out the girl's lovely and tenderness .


Suzy "Mimi" from "A Tray of Bliss"
This wonderful blog is so full of inspiring hints, helpful parenting tips, delicious recipes, giveaways & linkies! This is how Stephanie describes herself & her blog: "Wife to J. Momma to C. lover of reading, traveling and a good dose of Mexican food. Obsessed with reality TV, Christmas and capturing life through a lense. Join me as I share life as a wife and mommy while remembering to take some time for me."
Thank you again so much for being an awesome Engineer! Have a lovely day!
Thanks for hosting!! Enjoy your day, Marci!


Rather, it means that the court asks him questions with regard to produce that is not found during that season.
Rabbi Zeira said to him: A mute, you say? Is your challenge based on the mishna which discusses one who is mute? A mute is different because it is clear that his mind is intact. As it is taught in a baraita (Tosefta, Terumot 1:2): With regard to one who speaks but cannot hear, this individual is categorized as a deaf person. With regard to one who hears but cannot speak, this individual is categorized as a mute person, and both this one and that one are considered to be like halakhically competent people with regard to all their matters. Rav Kahana stated his ruling with regard to one who can neither hear nor speak. This goes beyond the halakha of the mishna, as Rav Kahana says that the written statement of a deaf-mute is an indication of his mental competence.
The Gemara asks: And from where do we learn that one who speaks but cannot hear, this individual is categorized as a deaf person, and that with regard to one who hears but cannot speak, this individual is categorized as a mute person? As it is written: "And I am like a deaf man, I do not hear, and like the mute man who will not open his mouth" (Psalms 38:14). And if you wish, say as people say: The word for a mute [ilem] is a contraction of the expression his speech has been taken [ishtakil millulei].
Rabbi Zeira said: If Rav Kahana's statement is difficult for me, this is difficult for me, as it is taught in a baraita with regard to the punishment of one who was called to testify and failed to do so: "If he does not utter his testimony then he shall bear his iniquity" (Leviticus 5:1). The Sages derive from this that the verse serves to exclude a mute who is unable to utter his testimony, and he is exempt from bringing the offering of one who refuses to testify. And it is possible to raise the following question: Why is he exempt from bringing the offering; but he is able to utter his testimony through writing? Apparently, written testimony is not valid testimony.
Abaye said to him: You say testimony? Testimony is different, as the Merciful One states: "From their mouths" (Deuteronomy 17:6), which emphasizes that testimony must come from the witnesses' mouths and not from their writing.
The Gemara raises an objection to this based on that which is taught in a baraita (Tosefta 7:1): Just as the judges of the court investigate him, one who lost his ability to speak, with regard to bills of divorce, so too, the judges investigate him with regard to business transactions, testimonies, and inheritances. In any event it teaches: Testimonies, which proves that even one unable to speak can give testimony.
Rav Yosef bar Minyumi said that Rav Sheshet said: This is not referring to testimony in general. Rather, it is referring to testimony with regard to a woman whose husband died, as the Sages were lenient with her and allowed testimony that would normally not be accepted, in order to permit her to remarry.
The Gemara challenges: But isn't it also taught: Inheritances. This seems to be referring to monetary matters, where proper testimony is required. Rabbi Abbahu said: The baraita is referring to the inheritance of his own firstborn son, meaning that he is not testifying about other people's property but testifying which one of his sons is the firstborn. Since this testimony is merely considered to be a division of the property that belongs to him, the testimony of one who is unable to speak is valid.
The Gemara continues to challenge: In any event it teaches in the baraita: With regard to business transactions, what, does it not mean that a mute may testify with regard to business transactions for everyone else? The Gemara answers: No, he may testify for himself only. The baraita is saying that when a mute conducts business the court must first check if he is mentally capable.
The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: With regard to a deaf-mute, the judges of the court follow his signals, and follow the movement of his lips, and follow his handwriting only for matters of buying and selling movable property but not for bills of divorce. This appears to contradict Rav Kahana's statement that it is permitted for a deaf-mute husband to give written instructions to divorce his wife.
The Gemara answers: It is a dispute between tanna'im, as it is taught in a baraita (Tosefta, Terumot 1:1) that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: In what case is this statement that the court may not rely on the written testimony of a deaf-mute with regard to a bill of divorce said? Only in the case of a deaf-mute who was deaf from the outset, i.e., from birth. But if he had been halakhically competent, i.e., he could previously hear, but became a deaf-mute later, then he may write instructions to give his wife a bill of divorce and they, the witnesses, should sign, in accordance with the opinion of Rav Kahana.
The Gemara asks: And one who is a deaf-mute from the outset cannot give written instructions with regard to a bill of divorce? Isn't it true that just as he marries her with intimation, i.e., without speaking, so too, he divorces her with intimation.
The Gemara answers: If the baraita is referring to his wife, indeed this would be the case and he could divorce her through intimations, because such a marriage is not a fully valid marriage by Torah law. But with what are we dealing here? With his yevama, his sister-in-law whose husband, his brother, died childless to whom he performed levirate marriage, and whom he subsequently wishes to divorce. This marriage is a fully valid marriage.
The Gemara asks: His yevama from whom? If we say that she fell to him from his brother who was also a deaf-mute, then just as her marriage to the brother was through intimation, so too, her divorce from the yavam can be through intimation. Rather, it must be that she fell to him from his halakhically competent brother. Consequently, the bond of the levirate marriage is by Torah law, whereas the deaf-mute man's intimations that he desires to divorce her are valid only by rabbinic law.
And if you wish, say instead: Actually, explain that she fell to him from his deaf-mute brother, and the Sages instituted a rabbinic decree with regard to a woman bound in a levirate marriage from his deaf-mute brother due to the death of his halakhically competent brother.
The Gemara challenges: If so, and the Sages made such a decree with regard to a case where a deaf-mute brother died due to the case where a brother who is halakhically competent died, then with regard to his own wife as well, they should have made a decree that a deaf-mute husband cannot divorce her with a bill of divorce if he married her as a deaf-mute. The Gemara answers: His yevama who was married to his halakhically competent brother might be confused with his yevama who was married to his deaf-mute brother. But people would not confuse his own wife with his yevama. Therefore, there was no need to institute such a decree.
The Gemara asks: And do we, the Sages, decree with regard to his deaf-mute brother due to confusion between him and his halakhically competent brother?


← No, Pundits, This "Presidency" is Over. Period.
As anyone who has read this blog on a regular basis knows, I am in no way a "Chicken Little" liberal. I tend to be what Stephanie Miller refers to as a. "Happy Clappy" liberal because I tend to take a bit of an optimistic outlook on most things and I have no regard for those who believe cynicism is a sign of intelligence because it's not. Pronouncements of gloom and doom are not my style.
There is one exception, however, and that is the full faith and credit of the United States Treasury. that is why one thing I may seem a bit gloomy about is the debt ceiling. First of all, the fact that we have a debt ceiling is kind of stupid. However, the fact that we've had one for many years and it's only become a political football under modern Republican rule points to a serious problem. You see, the prospect of failing to raise the debt ceiling is one of the most dangerous things the Republican Party keeps doing to us. And now, for what has to be at least the tenth time in the last decade or so, the GOP is threatening to refuse to raise it. What that would mean would be a default on our national debt. If you imagine that's no big deal, then you are in for a bit of a shock at the end of the fiscal year, which is September 30.
Not only has there never been a time on record when Democrats held up a debt ceiling increase, but every single debt ceiling hostage situation and every government shutdown ha been carefully crafted by Republicans, based on a series of lies about what the debt ceiling means in the first place. This is something that has been going on for a while now and these cynical attempts by Republicans to make their brain-dead minions believe the debt ceiling has something to do with the budget and current government spending have had the effect of making people panic over something that should simply be common sense. Worse, however, it has made many others not realize that the full faith and credit of the United States was important enough to protect in the Constitution. The fact that Republicans who should know better, like the goddamn "president" think this is something that is optional, is truly frightening.
Remember when we used to only elect the best and the brightest? That notion seems relatively quaint, honestly. Now, we have an idiot in the White House who thinks he can convince us he's the greatest president ever and the genius above is now in his Cabinet, as HUD Secretary. If that's not bad enough, the "Freedom Caucus" (a more polite name teabagger in Congress gave themselves a few years back because they hated that we called them teabaggers) make up about half of the Republican Caucus in Congress and they are still too stupid to even read up on the debt ceiling and what it means. It means we could very well be doomed by the current incarnation of the Republican Party in charge.
First of all, the debt ceiling has nothing to do with the debt. However, the way the GOP frames it, it feeds into the false narrative that the United States is somehow "broke." This is the ridiculous notion that has energized the Republican "base" for almost 40 years. This is the richest nation on the planet; we're not even close to broke. As a nation, there is plenty of wealth; enough to build out every road and fully finance every school. There is enough to feed and shelter every single person in this country and more than enough to guarantee quality healthcare for everyone within our borders. The problem we have is a major political party that is trying to push the narrative that the government is spending too much money and the only way to solve that problem is to "starve the beast." Look more closely; the only part of this society that seems "broke" is the government, and that is by purposeful design. The Republican Party has to sell lower taxes and the only way to do that is to be misers and skinflints. Never mind that the poor pay more of their income in taxes than the rich these days, which is truly deplorable; the reason we have to keep raising the debt ceiling is because Republicans refuse to increase taxes on those who can afford to pay. Perhaps ironically, it's the Republicans' fault we have to borrow so much just to operate as a skinflint nation.
The debt limit is a self-imposed limit on the authority of Congress and the Treasury to pay our bills. Failing to raise the debt ceiling would have a massively negative effect on all of us, even on the short term. In part, this is because our economic system is not based on cash, it's based on confidence that cash will flow. Think about it; if you make $50,000 a year, you don't get that in one lump sum on January 1. The money coms in throughout the year. The same is true of tax revenue. In order to pay our bills as we go, the government has to borrow money in April in anticipation of the revenue they won't see until December. It's the same reason most people use credit. Republicans are like the person who buys a Mercedes when he's laid off. Think about it.
The debt ceiling has nothing to do with the current debt or deficits. It is about paying interest to those who lend us money and it has to do with paying the bills we have already run up. Failing to raise the debt ceiling would create a default, which has the potential to cause a depression, which, for the record, is far worse than the recession we went through in 2008, the last time Republicans lied to us on economic matters.
For the record, the debt ceiling is NOT a "credit limit," which implies there's a limit on how much people are willing to lend us. Such a limit is not apparent at all. Most people want to buy Treasury bills, and our debt to income ratio, as a country, is rather good; in fact, it's probably better than most families, if you want to compare them. That means, there is no credit limit, and won't be for some time. The debt limit is entirely self-imposed, whereas a credit limit is imposed by others. If our government decides to not pay our bills, even for an hour, that choice will create uncertainty. In turn, that uncertainty will have a devastating effect on the world economy. Worse, it will have a negative effect on your personal economy, especially in the wake of having elected a lunatic to lead this country and having caused the last major recession in the world. Right now, most of the world's bills are paid in dollars because ours is the most stable currency, but failure to pay our bills will shrink the value of the dollar overnight, and several other currencies could be in peril.
Most of the world's wealth is in the form of promises, and the value is based on confidence. You buy a home on a 30-year mortgage based on a promise that the value of the home will not crash during that 30-year period. The bank lends you that money, based on a promise that you'll pay that money back, plus interest. The bank is able to make that loan to you because there is a mortgage aftermarket, and that aftermarket can only be trusted if it is regulated. Likewise, banks can only afford to make loans because the federal government has set up insurance that guarantees most deposits. The entire economic process is dependent on governments setting up systems that reduce investment risk and create confidence. The mortgage meltdown was devastating to the world economy not because it was a loss of cash, but because of the lost confidence. Economies around the world depend on the power of the US dollar to keep them afloat, and we let them down.
We still aren't all the way back from that, thanks to the Obstructionist Republicans, who stopped virtually every piece of legislation needed to create a solid recovery. To compound that by repeatedly bringing us to the brink of default is as irresponsible as it gets. When Standard & Poor's reduced our credit rating a few years ago, they didn't blame President Obama, they placed the blame squarely on Republicans in Congress, because the debt ceiling is their responsibility.
It's not a big deal that the average idiot in the Republican "base" doesn't understand the concept of a debt ceiling — I'm surprised many of them can feed themselves — but for Republican politicians who want to run the government to not understand the debt ceiling is inexcusable. There should be no debt ceiling at all, but since it does exist, it has to be used responsibly.
Stop electing Republicans, and our economic stress level will be reduced significantly.
I avoid talking politics in real life but now and then I get drawn in by both conservative and liberal parties who completely misunderstand the debt-ceiling issue. This usually accompanies confusion about deficits, federal debt, trade deficits and so-on and mostly it a melds in their minds to the same thing: if allowed to liberals spend money to "bankrupt" to country and conservatives will fight against that. That's all they know. Many of them think China "owns the country" because we sold it to them and raising the debt ceiling just makes that worse somehow.
Your article today has given me some new wordage to push back against that and also to think about for myself. So thanks for that.
One question that I have wondered for a while. If members of congress take an oath to uphold the constitution before being seated, and protecting the full faith and credit of the U.S. is part of that, are they not in fact violating that oath of office by just threatening to not to vote to raise the debt ceiling? I don't see anyone saying that (including here) so I wonder if I missed something.
I am pretty sure, if they were stupid enough to default, they would be in violation of their oath, but then, they violate their oath much of the time. What worries me is, we used to have presidents who understood that choosing to not pay our bills is not an option, but with Trump in there, we really don't know. It is likely the courts would force the government to borrow the money, but since it's never happened before, who knows?
There are some real generaliztions in this article. Firstly, debt matters. I live in Ontario, Canada and our provincial governemnt has been in deficit for many years. The impact of that is that now our fourth biggest government expenditure is interest payments. While I agree that tax increases could provide revenue to reduce the debt, and allow a government from having to run annual deficits, in my country where the taxes are much higher, the government simply spends more. With respect to the description of how a mortgage is granted from a financial institution, in my country the security for the mortgage is the property, not a promise to repay. That is why when the mortgagor defaults, the mortgagee (the bank) repossesses the property.
I understand that the whole concept of a debt ceiling is just a form of poilitical chicanery, but that is what politicians do. It is up to the voting citizen to call them out on it however, and not be taken in. I also agree that taxation should be fair, in the sense that those who have more, should pay more.
Since I didn't say anything about debt and deficits, and since the debt ceiling has nothing to do with either, I'm not sure what this comment is here for. This is about the full faith and credit of the United States, which is completely different. It quite literally has nothing to do with debt and deficits and whether they are bad or good.
As for the comment about "generalizations," well… um… again, you're making a non sequitur, not any sort of valid point.


text:
DUT Matric Upgrade, The Durban University of Technology (DUT) is proud to announce the launch of its Saturday Matric School.
Classes will be held every Saturday from 08h00 until 15h00 on campus. For this year, the school will offer 2 hour lessons in Mathematics, Physical Science and Afrikaans. Lessons will be conducted by facilitators who have about 90 years collective experience in their subject matter.
DUT Senior Director of Corporate Affairs, Mr. Alan Khan says that he is especially excited about the affordability of the classes, making it a programme that is widely accessible for Grade 12 learners. He says that pupils must not miss out on this fantastic opportunity to achieve the best results in their most important year of study. The Saturday Matric School initiative forms part of the Community Development Program of the Enterprise Development Unit (EDU) of DUT.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Commons:Copyright rules by territory
(Redirected from Commons:CRT)
Shortcut: COM:CRT
Copyright rules by subject matter
Copyright rules by territory
Copyright tags
Freedom of panorama
Government works
Threshold of originality
Unprotected works
When to use the PD-signature tag
Worldwide map of copyright term length
Ambazonia†
Azawad†
Bir Tawil*
British Indian Ocean Territory*
Canary Islands*
Ceuta*
Madeira*
Melilla*
Puntland†
Réunion*
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic†
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha*
Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean*
Somaliland†
Western Sahara*
Anguilla*
British Virgin Islands*
Cayman Islands*
Clipperton Island*
Curaçao*
Dutch Caribbean*
Falkland Islands*
French Guiana*
Greenland*
Guadeloupe*
Martinique*
Montserrat*
Saint Barthélemy*
Saint Martin*
Saint Pierre and Miquelon*
Sint Maarten*
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands*
Turks and Caicos Islands*
United States Minor Outlying Islands*
United States Virgin Islands*
Arunachal Pradesh†
Cocos (Keeling) Islands*
Macau*
State of Palestine†
Taiwan†
Abkhazia†
Akrotiri and Dhekelia*
Republic of Artsakh†
Faroe Islands*
Gibraltar*
Bailiwick of Guernsey*
Isle of Man*
Jersey*
Kosovo†
South Ossetia†
Transnistria†
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus†
United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus*
Insular Oceania
American Samoa*
Cook Islands*
French Polynesia*
Guam*
Hawaii*
New Caledonia*
Niue*
Norfolk Island*
Northern Mariana Islands*
Pitcairn Islands*
Tokelau*
Wallis and Futuna*
Andean Community*
Antarctica*
British overseas territories*
Czechoslovakia*
European Union*
French Southern and Antarctic Lands*
Free City of Danzig*
Manchukuo*
Ottoman Empire*
Overseas France*
Soviet Union*
United Nations*
Wang Jingwei regime*
Yugoslavia*
*Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country†Limited international recognition
Laws about copyright differ from country to country. Images uploaded to Commons, unless uploaded from the United States, involve the interaction of two or more copyright jurisdictions. The laws of individual countries differ, especially in the following points:
The time for which a copyright applies. In most countries, copyright on works published during the author's lifetime expires 50 or 70 years after the death of the author.
Status of works of the government. In many (but not all) countries, documents published by the government for official use are in the public domain.
Material applicable for copyright. In some jurisdictions, pictures of artistic work like architecture, sculptures, clothing etc. cannot be used freely without the consent of the creator of the original artwork.
Almost all countries in the world are party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.[1] Following this convention, countries enforce copyrights from other countries, according to certain rules.
Full details for each country or territory can be reached directly from the infobox to the right.
1 International law
1.1 Berne Convention
1.2 European copyright law
2 Country-specific laws
2.1 Authorship
2.2 Derivative works
2.3 Consolidated lists
International law[edit]
Berne Convention[edit]
Almost all countries in the world are party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. One consequence of the Berne Convention rules is that we should always care about the laws of the country of origin of the work.
Most important is article 7, which sets the term of duration of the protections granted by the Convention. The Convention sets a minimal term of 50 years after the life of the authors (subject to some exceptions). However, each country is free to set longer terms.
In any case, the term shall be governed by the legislation of the country where protection is claimed; however, unless the legislation of that country otherwise provides, the term shall not exceed the term fixed in the country of origin of the work.
Even though many countries have accepted the rule of the shorter term based on Article 7 of the Convention, please note that the United States Copyright Act has not honored such a rule. For example, 17 U.S.C. 104A(a)(1)(B) may restore copyright on a work published outside the USA for the remaining American copyright term even if its copyright may expire sooner in its source country. This may affect works that were still copyrighted on 1 January 1996 in their source countries. This means, that a work now in the public domain in a Commons user's home country might still be legally copyrighted in the United States. For further details, visit the Non-US copyrights guideline at the English Wikipedia for a list of dates regarding American copyright restoration of non-U.S. copyrights.
European copyright law[edit]
The European Union has issued directives harmonizing copyright rules in the European Union (see Copyright law of the European Union). Note, however, that directives, unlike European regulations, do not apply uniformly. They have to be transposed into national law by each country's legislature, and they often offer significant leeway in doing so. This is, for instance, the case for the legal exemptions of copyright (equivalent of "fair use"), which are allowed to differ within certain limits.
The most important, for our purposes, is the Directive on harmonizing the term of copyright protection. This directive sets the duration of copyright to 70 years following the death of the author (for multiple authors, of the last author; for collective, pseudonymous or anonymous works, following the date of publication).
However, this directive does not shorten already running extended copyright terms in countries that apply them.
The 2001 EUCD, Article 5, specifies exceptions to copyright.[2] However, only one of these exceptions is mandatory (it concerns caching). The others are optional, meaning that for each exception, each country is free to choose whether it adopts it and how it restricts it. Thus, one should not assume that an exception true in one EU country applies in another. Notably, each country is free to choose how to copyright objects permanently located in public places and "simple" photographs.
Finally, there is a considerable amount of case law or jurisprudence on these issues. In some cases, they may create rights or restrictions that do not appear in the text of the law. Thus, one should always be wary in how the law is interpreted in the country of interest, as opposed to merely reading the legal texts.
Country-specific laws[edit]
Laws about copyright differ from country to country. Images uploaded to Commons, unless uploaded from the United States, involve the interaction of two or more copyright jurisdictions. Generally, the policy applied on Commons is to only allow images that can be used in all (or at least most) countries. The laws of individual countries differ especially in the following points:
The time for which a copyright applies. In most countries, copyright expires no later than 70 years after the death of the author (p.m.a.), sometimes extended by war periods when copyright protection could not be enforced.
Material applicable for copyright. In some jurisdictions, pictures of artistic work like architecture, sculptures, clothing etc. can not be used freely without the consent of the creator of the original artwork.
The safest way to apply international copyright law is to consider the laws of all the relevant jurisdictions and then use the most restrictive combination of laws to determine whether something is copyrighted or not. The jurisdictions that might need to be considered are:
The place where the work was created;
The place where the work is being uploaded from;
The place that any web server the work has been downloaded from physically is;
A work is only allowed on Commons if it is either public domain in all relevant jurisdictions or if there is a free licence which applies to the work in all relevant jurisdictions.
In the case of a painting published in France please do apply US-American copyright laws as those copyright laws apply to the servers of Commons. Also apply the copyright laws of the country you are in and the copyright laws of any web server you got the work off. In the case of a French painting uploaded to Commons from a French web server by someone living in the UK three copyright jurisdictions would apply: France, UK and US. US law would mean that if the painting had not been published before 1928 it would be in copyright. British law would mean that if the painting was by an artist who had been dead for less than 70 years it would be in copyright. French law would mean that, if the painting was by an artist who died while in service for France (a concept called Mort pour la France), it would be in copyright for 100 years after the artist's death: an additional 30 years past the term provided by British law. In this case the most restrictive combination of jurisdictions would be French and US. Only if the painting was legally in the public domain in both France and the United States could it be uploaded from a French web server to Commons.
Authorship[edit]
Rules are generally different for works with known authors and works published anonymously or pseudonymously. Works published anonymously or pseudonymously may gain the standard known-author copyright term if authorship is subsequently made public.
Rules may also be different for works of collective, corporate or government authorship.
Note that copyright rules based on the death of the author normally assume the work to have been published, and often require the work to have been published during the author's lifetime. Unpublished works, or works published posthumously, may have different rules.
See also Commons:Anonymous works.
Derivative works[edit]
Main page: Commons:Derivative works.
Many creative works are derivatives of other creative works. This may be a copyright infringement if the work used is not in the public domain. Exceptions exist for allowing derivatives to be made without infringing copyright; whether and how these apply varies widely across countries, by subject matter, and may depend on a range of circumstances.
V • T • E Copyright rules by territory
UN geographical subregions
Central & Mexico
All countries and territories
Consolidated lists[edit]
The table to the right gives links to consolidated lists of copyright rules for countries within the subregions defined in the United Nations geoscheme.
For consolidated lists of copyright rules for all countries in alphabetic sequence, see
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R Sa-Sl So-Sy T U V W X Y Z
Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Structure for technical information on this and related pages
Commons:URAA-restored copyrights for information on restored copyrights in the United States under the Uruguay Round Agreement Act
Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights#Dates of restoration and terms of protection
↑ Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. WIPO. Retrieved on 2019-04-09.
↑ Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. Official Journal L 167 10-19 (22 June 2001). Retrieved on 2019-04-09.
Wikimedia Commons policies and guidelines
Allowable file types
Neutral point of view
Pages, galleries and categories
Use of gender neutral language
When to use the PD-Art tag
Deletion policy
Criteria for speedy deletion
Revision deletion
Category policy
Blocking policy
De-adminship
Paid contribution disclosure
Translation administrators
Username policy
What Commons is not
Non-copyright restrictions
Photographs of identifiable people
When to use the PD-scan tag
Using ImageAnnotator
File renaming
Overwriting existing files
Grandfathered old files
Assume good faith
Ownership of pages and files
Talk page guidelines
User-specific galleries, templates and categories
Licensing help
(Village pump)
Choosing a license
PD files
Copyright principles
2D copying
Using files
Reusing content outside Wikimedia
Reuse of PD-Art photographs
How to detect
License laundering
Problematic sources
Picasa Web
Bad sources
License review
WMF policies
Office actions
Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory&oldid=723463800"
Copyright rules by territory transclusion lists
Commons licensing help


text:
Privacy Policy | Carbon Creative Agency
We take your right to privacy very seriously
Carbon Creative ("Carbon," "Carbon Creative", "we," "our," or "us") takes your right to privacy very seriously and wants you to feel comfortable using this site. This Privacy Policy ("Policy") deals with personally-identifiable information (referred to as "Data" below) that may be collected by this site. We describe in this Policy the information we collect, how we use it, and when and with whom we share it. This Policy does not apply to other entities that are not owned or controlled by Carbon Creative nor does it apply to persons that are not employees or agents of Carbon Creative or that are not under our site administrator's control.
COLLECTION OF DATA
Carbon Creative respects the privacy of the people who visit this site. We use the information you voluntarily provide to respond to your questions and requests. Among the types of Personal Data collected by voluntarily-completed forms on this site are first name, last name, email address, phone number, company name, profession, field of activity, number of employees and website address. We do not share this Data with anyone outside of Carbon Creative. As on many websites, the site administrator may also automatically receive general information that is contained in server log files, such as your IP address and cookie information, or Data that is obtained through the use of third party applications, which are outlined in this Policy below. All Data is processed at Carbon Creative operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved with the processing are located.
Data may be used to customize and improve your User experience on this site. Efforts will be made to prevent your Data being made available to third parties unless (i) your consent is obtained; (ii) a service provided on our site requires interaction with a third party, or is provided by a third party, such as an application service provider; (iii) pursuant to legal action or law enforcement; (iv) it is found that your use of this site violates our terms of service, or if it is deemed reasonably necessary by the site administrator to protect the site administrator's legal rights and/or property; or (v) this site is purchased by a third party, in which case that third party will be able to use the Data in the same manner as set forth in this Policy. In the event that you choose to use links displayed on this web site to visit other websites, you are advised to read the privacy policies published on those sites as they are separate of the policies for Carbon Creative.
We use cookies and log files to track User information. Cookies are small amounts of Data that are transferred to your web browser by a web server and are stored on your computer's hard drive. We use cookies to track which page variant a visitor has seen, to track if a visitor has clicked on a page variant, to monitor traffic patterns and to gauge popularity of specific content and service options. Carbon Creative reviews and analyzes such Data to improve the quality and usability of the site.
The services contained in this section enable Carbon Creative to monitor and analyze web traffic and marketing efforts and can be used to keep track of User behavior. Personal Data is collected using the following Services: Google Analytics (Google Inc.), Hotjar Heat Maps & Records (Hotjar, Ltd.) and MailChimp.
Google Analytics is a web analysis service provided by Google Inc. ("Google"). Google utilizes the Data collected to track and examine the use of this Application, to prepare reports on its activities and share them with other Google services. Google may use the Data collected to contextualize and personalize the ads of its own advertising network.
Place of processing: US – Privacy Policy – Opt Out
HOTJAR HEAT MAPS & RECORDINGS (HOTJAR, LTD.)
Heat Mapping services are used to display the areas of a page where User's most frequently move the mouse or click. This shows where the points of interest are. These services make it possible to monitor and analyze web traffic and keep track of User behavior. Some of these services may record sessions and make them available for later visual playback.
Hotjar is a session recording and heat mapping service provided by Hotjar Ltd. Hotjar and honors generic "Do Not Track" headers. This means the browser can tell its script not to collect any of the User's Data. This is a setting that is available in all major browsers.
Personal Data collected: Cookies, Usage Data and various types of Data as specified in the privacy policy of the service.
Place of processing: Malta – Privacy Policy – Opt Out
MAILCHIMP (THE ROCKET SCIENCE GROUP, LLC)
MailChimp is an email address management and message sending service provided by The Rocket Science Group, LLC.
Personal Data collected: email address.
Place of processing: US – Privacy Policy – Opt Out contained within sent email messages
CONTACT FORM (ON THIS WEBSITE)
By filling in the contact form with their Data, the User authorizes this Application (website) to use these details to reply to requests for information, quotes or any other kind of request as indicated by the form's header and identified fields.
Personal Data collected: first name, last name, email address, phone number, company name, profession, field of activity, number of employees and website address.
The Data is kept for the time necessary to provide the service requested by the User, or stated by the purposes outlined in this document.
AGGREGATED DATA
We may also use your Personal Information to generate Aggregated Data for internal use and for sharing with others on a selective basis. "Aggregated Data" means records which have been stripped of information potentially identifying customers or end-Users, and which have been manipulated or combined to provide generalized, anonymous information. Your identity and Personal Information will be kept anonymous.
This site may contain links to other sites. We are not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of such sites. We encourage you to read the privacy policy of linked sites. Their privacy policies and practices differ from our policies and practices.
EMAIL COMMUNICATION
If you choose to be included on our emailing list, we may monitor and make use of your User activity, such as the website address or specific link from which you accessed our site. We track correspondence in order to provide you with more relevant Carbon Creative news. You may choose to opt out of email communication from us at any time by emailing us at hi@carboncreat.es. At the time of sending any email communication to you, we will also give you the opportunity to unsubscribe from our emailing list.
CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP OR BUSINESS TRANSITION
In the event of a change of ownership or other business transition, such as a merger, acquisition or sale of our assets, your information may be transferred in accordance with applicable privacy laws.
RIGHTS TO YOUR INFORMATION
Users have the right, at any time, to know whether their Personal Data has been stored and can consult Carbon Creative to learn about their contents and origin, to verify their accuracy, or to ask for them to be removed.
All requests should be sent to Carbon Creative at hi@carboncreat.es.
We reserve the right to make changes to this Policy at any time by giving notice to our Users on this page. It is strongly recommended to check this page often, referring to the date of the last modification listed at the bottom. If a User objects to any of the changes to the Policy, the User must cease using this site and can request that Carbon Creative remove their Personal Data. Unless stated otherwise, the then-current privacy policy applies to all Personal Data that Carbon Creative has about Users.
If you have any questions about this Policy or about this site, please feel free to contact us at hi@carboncreat.es.
The most recent update to this Policy was made by Carbon Creative at 7:00 P.M. EST on September 28, 2016.
C A R B O N C R E A T I V E
P R I V A C Y P O L I C Y
© 2 0 1 9 C A R B O N C R E A T I V E A G E N C Y


text:
DACA Dreamers rush to renew permits; a majority of Americans support their fight; ICE raids continue
View this story in Spanish
Esmeralda Fabián Romero | September 29, 2017
Katia García, a DACA recipient from Los Angeles, at CHIRLA headquarters last year while renewing her DACA permit.
In Los Angeles, the lines to renew DACA permits are getting longer as the Oct. 5 deadline approaches, according to CHIRLA, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights in Los Angeles, which has been helping about 40 immigrants a day renew their permits for free. The usual processing cost is $495.
The Trump Administration announced on Sept. 5 that it was ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Only immigrants whose permits are expiring between Sept. 5, 2017, and March 5, 2018 — a total of 154,000 DACA recipients — can apply to renew their work permits, and they must do so by Oct. 5.
The renewal request form can also be sent by certified mail with a postmark of Oct. 5 to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
"If October 5 is the deadline for young immigrants, it should be the same deadline for members of Congress to take action on a DREAM Act," said Angelica Salas, CHIRLA's executive director.
The passage of a DREAM Act in Congress would be a permanent solution for DACA immigrants, but Congress has turned its attention to tax reform and health insurance instead.
A national survey last week by the Washington Post and ABC network found that 86 percent of Americans support "Dreamers," who had been eligible for the renewable two-year work permits under DACA. And more than two-thirds of adults — 69 percent — "strongly support" DACA.
CHIRLA also denounced national sweeps that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) conducted during the past several days arresting 498 undocumented immigrants. The advocacy group called ICE's "Operation Safe City" a "cruel, absurd, and politically motivated enforcement operation." One-fifth of those arrested were in Los Angeles.
ICE indicated that individuals with active DACA permits were not targeted for arrest.
"Of those detained, 101 were our neighbors, family members, co-workers, and residents of Los Angeles," Salas said. "The Trump Administration has taken one more step to intimidate immigrant-welcoming communities by moving forward with a national sweep that has negatively impacted at the very least 498 American families and several communities."
Here are five things DACA recipients must know about the Oct. 5 deadline:
If you are eligible to renew your permit but don't start the renewal process by Oct. 5, you will lose your protection from deportation and your ability to work legally as soon as your current permit expires.
If you can't afford the renewal fee, in California you can turn to dozens of community organizations listed here, for financial and legal assistance.
Read the DACA fact sheet here so you know all your options as a DACA recipient.
This is the bilingual hotline operated by NALEO to assist you with any questions related to DACA, 1-844-411-DACA (or 844-411-3222). It will be available during the weekend.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has stated that there will be no extension for the renewal process. Read all the official guidelines here.