text:
Minister responds to court ruling on fracking planning policy
By Ruth Hayhurst on May 24, 2019 • ( 9 Comments )
Local government secretary, James Brokenshire. Photo: Parliament TV
The government has made its first public comment on the legal challenge which quashed a key section of planning policy on shale gas and fracking.
In a short written ministerial statement, the local government secretary, James Brokenshire, responded to the High Court judgement in a case brought by a Lancashire campaigner.
Mr Justice Dove ruled in March that a paragraph of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) on the benefits of shale gas was unlawful and should be removed.
Claire Stephenson, who brought the case, argued successfully that the government had failed to take account of comments on the policy made during a public consultation. She said a submission from the campaign group, Talk Fracking, challenged the government's view of the impact of shale gas on climate change.
In the statement, issued yesterday (23 May 2019), Mr Brokenshire acknowledged that paragraph 209(a) of the NPPF had now been quashed.
This required local councils to recognise the benefits of onshore oil and gas developments for energy security and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. The paragraph also required councils to put in place policies to facilitate oil and gas exploration and extraction.
Mr Brokenshire said the government remained "committed to the safe and sustainable exploration and development of our onshore shale gas resources".
"For the purposes of the National Planning Policy Framework, hydrocarbon development (including unconventional oil and gas) are considered to be a mineral resource. Specific policy on the planning considerations associated with their development is set out at paragraphs 203-205 and the remainder of 209 of the National Planning Policy Framework.
He drew attention to two remaining extracts of minerals policy in the NPPF:
204(a): planning policies should "provide for the extraction of mineral resources of local and national importance"
205: "When determining planning applications, great weight should be given to the benefits of mineral extraction, including to the economy".
He also said written ministerial statements on shale gas and planning, made on 16 September 2015 and 17 May 2018, remained in force and unchanged. Planning practice guidance on minerals was also unaffected by the ruling, he said.
Mr Brokenshire added:
"This suite of policies and guidance remain material considerations in plan making and decision taking for hydrocarbon development and they should be afforded appropriate weighting as determined by the decision maker."
Ms Stephenson said:
A significant paragraph of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) is no longer legal or allowed to be used.
"This means that future planning applications for fracking will be able to be objected on current scientific evidence, specifically about climate change, and not constricted as before by government policy insisting 'great weight' should be placed on oil and gas extraction.
"Time and evidence has moved on and the government should now accept that fracking is dead: it has missed its window and that government support for dirty energy should be dropped. The future is in renewable and clean energy technology. It's time the Conservatives joined the rest of political parties and oppose fracking."
Steve Mason, of the campaign network, Frack Free United, said:
"The judge's ruling means there is now more power for local authorities to take a position against shale gas exploration and fracking. It has opened up the debate on what is a sustainable mineral. Following the judgement, there has been a fundamental change in the perception on the contribution of onshore oil and gas in climate change and energy security."
Last week, Mr Justice Dove ruled that the government did not have to carry out a new public consultation on its planning policy on fracking. He awarded costs against the government.
Categories: Environment, Politics
Tagged as: 209a, challenge, Claire Stephenson, climate change, government, High Court, James Brokenshire, judgement, Local Government, minister, Mr Justice Dove, National Planning Policy Framework, NPPF, paragraph, ruling, secretary, Talk Fracking
West Newton: Eviction costs and noise complaint
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Malcolm Kenward says:
The extracts 204(a) and 205 both use the word "should". They are therefore only guidelines and can consequently be ignored by councils if they so decide.
hewes62 says:
Malcolm Kenward
Section 1.1 of the National Planning Policy Framework uses 'should' to define the application of the policy as a whole. As such, I guess councils can ignore it in its entirety, if they so decide, based on that part alone.
You would be hard pressed to find a "shall" in the entire document.
gasman says:
Its quite obvious that the People who can afford to take the Government to court over the wording of their policy's are not the same people who struggle to heat their homes due to the high energy costs brought about by the overblown campaign on climate change of which the entire UK accounts for Less than 1%
Dr Nick Riley MBE, C.Geol., FGS says:
Could the anti-frackers please explain why in this ruling & the resultant decision of James Brokenshire to revoke 209a (if only this government would revoke Brexit instead, much more important at this monent than shale gas); why you are so pleased that a technology that can supplement our dwindling natural gas supply is now persecuted in mineral planning regs relative to coal? Indeed there is no VAT on coal, unlike gas. Please explain these inconsistencies. I am a scientist, & was a government advisor on energy for 9 years to the revolving door of energy ministers, for whom I gave some continuity. I warned them then that swapping evidence based policy, for politically correct decisions was a road to disaster, & nothing has changed my mind so far with respect to my evidence-based advice at that time. Please explain. I can't. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfuXblWUGOs
Judith Green says:
Nick, I'm not convinced that it's worthwhile even trying to get a logical answer to your question. I attended a really good lecture last week by Iain Stewart on communicating science to the general public and the depressing conclusion is that it's pretty much a waste of time trying to use scientific arguments and evidence to change the minds of the general public on these issues. They're opinion is made up based on gut feelings and values – the only interest they ever have in science is to find articles that reinforce their own beliefs.
Harry Barnes says:
If anti-frackers can find scientific articles which reinforce their beliefs, why then reject such articles out of hand ? Differing scientific forms of analysis need to be assessed by claimed experts as part of the dialectics of debate.
Just to nit pick slightly. It would be scientific articles to support their assertions? Beliefs can be held without any scientific evidence to support them. Similarly so can opinions.
This is why, in my opinion, we can only discuss discrete facts on here. Once beliefs come up it just reverts to evil fossil fuel vs hypocrites using it and so forth rather than some specific fact or assertion.
Judith, Indeed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYajHZ4QUVM
Leave a Reply to Dr Nick Riley MBE, C.Geol., FGS Cancel reply


text:
La Naute, ou ruisseau de Fayolle dans sa partie amont, est une rivière française du département de la Creuse, en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, affluent de la Creuse et sous-affluent de la Loire par la Vienne.

Géographie

Pour le Sandre, la Naute est une rivière dont la partie amont porte le nom de ruisseau de Fayolle.

Ce ruisseau prend sa source dans le département de la Creuse à  d'altitude, sur la commune de Guéret, trois kilomètres au sud-ouest du centre-ville, sur les hauteurs du bois de Fayolle, en forêt de Chabrières, sur les pentes sud-est du Maupuy.

Il prend la direction du nord-est, reçoit sur sa droite le ruisseau du Bois, les deux alimentant l'étang de Courtille (ou de Courtilles), un plan d'eau d'une vingtaine d'hectares.

Au sortir de l'étang, en limite des quartiers ouest de la ville de Guéret, le cours d'eau prend le nom de Naute. Il est franchi par la route départementale (RD) 914 et prend la direction du nord, passant sous la RD 942. Il marque la limite entre Guéret et Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois sur près de quatre kilomètres, passant sous la route nationale 145. Il oblique ensuite vers le nord-est et sert de limite naturelle entre Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois et Saint-Fiel sur un kilomètre et demi, passant sous la RD 33 et recevant sur sa gauche le ruisseau des Moulins, puis le ruisseau de la Barde. Au nord-est du bourg de Saint-Fiel, il est franchi par la RD 75a. Il entre sur la commune de Glénic et rejoint la Creuse en rive gauche, en limite de Glénic et de Saint-Fiel, à  d'altitude.

S'écoulant globalement du sud-ouest vers le nord-est, l'ensemble ruisseau de Fayolle-Naute est long de . Avec un dénivelé de , sa pente moyenne s'établit à  par kilomètre.

Communes et département traversés
La Naute arrose quatre communes de l'arrondissement de Guéret dans le département de la Creuse, soit d'amont vers l'aval : Guéret (source), Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois, Saint-Fiel et Glénic (confluence avec la Creuse).

Bassin versant
Son bassin versant est constitué d'une zone hydrographique : , au sein du bassin DCE beaucoup plus étendu « La Loire, les cours d'eau côtiers vendéens et bretons ».

Le bassin versant est limité aux quatre communes baignées par la Naute.

Organisme gestionnaire

Affluents et nombre de Strahler

Parmi les sept affluents répertoriés par le Sandre trois ruisseaux de rive gauche  dépassent les trois kilomètres de longueur ( : selon l'INPN, celui-ci porte le nom de ruisseau de la Barde ;
 et
) ; deux autres portent un nom : le ruisseau des Moulins () en rive gauche qui a un affluent, le ruisseau des Planches, long de , et le ruisseau du Bois,  en rive droite.

Le ruisseau des Planches ayant un affluent, le nombre de Strahler de la Naute est donc de quatre.

Hydrologie

Environnement

Le site « Marais du Chancelier » est une zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) de  dont la majeure partie est située sur le territoire de Saint-Fiel, en amont du bourg, le long des cours de la Naute et de son affluent le ruisseau de la Barde.

Bien que limitée à une superficie d'un demi-kilomètre carré, cette ZNIEFF présente une remarquable diversité biologique avec plus de  animales, dont onze espèces déterminantes (un amphibien, une araignée, quatre insectes, deux mammifères, un mollusque et deux oiseaux), ainsi que  végétales dont seize déterminantes.

Photothèque

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste de rivières de France
 Liste des cours d'eau de la Creuse
 Creuse (affluent de la Vienne)

Cours d'eau dans la Creuse
Système hydrologique de la Creuse
Cours d'eau issu du Massif central

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In a world of bouncy fabrics, two buttons are on the run to escape certain death. Each is equipped with a special power. Use Y to jump with one button and X to dash through breakable obstacles with the other. Hit YX simultaneously to switch the buttons.
Let fate never push you down!
As always time was short in the end and some stuff didn´t make it in. But we had a great time and a lot of fun.
If you can improve that you can get a very nice game.
Really neat game, I love the visuals!
Enjoyed the graphics and the concept! Experienced a number of bugs while playing though. Was challenging to learn correct movements and found myself mashing x and y, which causes the fabrics to spread further and further out, and then crashed on level complete.
Very neat interpretation of the theme, original mechanics and nice graphics!
Awesome game! A few bugs and the WebGL bug doesn't work. Anyways, the webplayer one was fine! Graphics were so cool.
Hi, WebGl is broken, if case you need help, maybe the solution will be to check ".htaccess". Sometimes you need to delete it from folder.
Its good game though some bugs here and there. Graphics are well done, though buttons could feel more responsive.
Control two buttons using two buttons? It really takes a moment to get used to controls (yeah, I know there only two buttons, but still) - not only you need to steer two characters in two separated levels, one of them is upside down! Visually game looks really nice and together with upbeat music fits well into carefree story of two buttons traversing the textile world.
Music's great, visuals are solid, and the design seems good, but the game's just a bit too glitchy to be playable.
Dashing seems to involve random jittering which sometimes tries to clip through the central platform. And jumping with Y sometimes makes X jump as well, at random points. I've found the most effective strategy to be mashing both Y and X quickly, which causes both buttons to leap away from the central platform and avoid all the obstacles.
Also, X and Y on a QWERTY keyboard are incredly far apart (I'm guessing you were developing for a QWERTZ). A and D might have been a cleaner option.
Very nice concept and cute art style. Perhaps a clearer difference between the two buttons would've been nice though, as I regularly found myself forgetting which was which. The controls were a bit hard to get used to and I feel like it took a bit too long to switch the character's positions, which meant doing so was a bit of a chore and often got me killed.
I also discovered that spamming y+x together allowed me to fly over the entire map, which was fun!
Overall a really neat concept for a puzzle game and one that was rather enjoyable, good work!
Interesting game. Love the cloth style.
I'm not sure if it's the WebGL version only, but this is what I tried, it seems that the buttons are randomly jumping / dashing and it is kinda laggy. Besides that it looks like an interesting concept, I'd very much like to play a solid version of it.
Great visuals, but I don't have a lot of feeling of control.
Nice entry, just a little hard, but fun! such a good exploitation of the theme!
Really liked the graphics and audio, really suited the game. Your take on the two button theme was great, I would never have thought of that.
Great game! Amazing audio, graphics and use of theme!


In dying a goblet gave.
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Not a drop again he drank.
This is how our new movement system works.
All movement commands play out at the same time. You can only move one character in a turn. The available reactions depend on the chosen character. If another character enters your character's area of reaction, your chosen reaction plays out. If you were about to attack, your character charges. If you chose to be cautious, your character flees.
This movement system gives the player nice control over the character. You can choose to patrol back and forth with a maximum reaction area, you can stand still and wait for the opponent's initiative, or you can try to sneak past them and only react if someone gets too close.
See those two Marios? That's where we are at with our online play after a few days of looking into it. You can create and join lobbies at this point. You can also move around and chat with your avatars. We're using Photon plugin, which at the moment seems pretty easy to get up and running.
Work on the game began on January 2014. The team consist currently of 7 game development students located in Kajaani, Finland.
Our goal with King of Thule is to create a single- & multiplayer strategy game. Simply put, the game is turn-based king of the hill, where all player actions happen simultaneously. The game is set in a low-fantasy version of iron age, in northern lands.
We'll upload some fresher in-game prototype pictures as we're done changing to Unity 5.


text:
Mr. Simeon Christie Smith, IV
Senior Partner at SmithBush, LLP
Leesville, LA 71446-4331
4.5/5.0 (14)
#1 in weekly profile views out of 55 Attorneys in Leesville, LA
Federal Litigation
University Attended:
Louisiana State University, B.A., 1992
Law School Attended:
Louisiana State University, J.D., 1996
2006, Tribal Court for the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana, 2008, District of Columbia; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; 2005, Tribal Court for the Sovereign Nation of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana; U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas; U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas; U. S. Court of Federal Claims; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas; 2010, U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit; 2001, U.S. Supreme Court; 1997, Louisiana; 1997, U.S. District Court, Western, Eastern and Middle Districts of Louisiana and U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
4.5/5.0 (14 reviews)
Analytical Capability
Legal Experience
5.0/5.0 Rated by a Partner on 02/25/13 in Personal Injury
5.0/5.0 Rated by a Member on 07/09/12 in General Practice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Living on a farm, surrounded by the landscape of Exmoor, wildlife and farming activities, where deer and sheep roam freely, is an inspiration for Sharon Plant.
Sharon is a pointillist painter: Pointillism is the technique of applying small, regular dabs of unmixed colour to the picture surface, relying on scientific theories, such as the precise combination of complementary colours – red/green, orange/blue, yellow/violet. Pioneered in the 1880's mainly in France by Seurat who used the term divisionism.
These are a mounted giclee print of the original painting printed on Hahnemuhle William Turner high quality matte paper and is sent ready to frame with a mount and backboard. The print is signed by the artist and numbered from a limited edition of 50.
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text:
Hospitality Series 2022
December 2 @ 4:00 pm - December 3 @ 5:00 pm
« Summer Camp 2022 – High School Discovery
Hospitality Series:
"Social Media or Social Ministry? Hospitality and Evangelism in the OnDemand World"
Friday, December 2 – Saturday, December 3
COVID has launched us into a time when many people's primary contact with church will be via social media, youtube, and other virtual and/or on-demand platforms. How do we harness that for its potential, without giving up our sense of community? How are we called to be the Body of Christ, while blending virtual and in-person forms of being together?
Retreat Leader:
Jerusalem Greer
Greer is the minister for formation and connection at St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Conway, Arkansas. For the past year, she partnered with the Presiding Bishop's Evangelism Team, as a consulting evangelist and as a member of the working group on the Way of Love. Greer also served as the Project Evangelist for Baptized for Life: An Episcopal Discipleship Initiative from Virginia Theological Seminary, as the creator and coordinator for Forma's Faith-at-Home resources, and as the author of multiple curricula through Forward Movement and Episcopal Relief and Development. She is an in-demand speaker and contributor around the topics of evangelism, discipleship, welcoming former evangelicals, and ministry with families and children.
December 2 @ 4:00 pm
Episcopal Retreat, evangelism, Hospitality Retreat, Jerusalem Greer, Social media, social ministry
Lindsey Nickel
lnickel@episcopalswfl.org
www.episcopalswfl.org
Parrish, FL 34219 United States + Google Map


In the Western world day by day the domain of truth shrinks as does the ability to challenge official explanations. A number of alternative media Internet sites have lost their YouTube platform, and Twitter is censoring what can be posted and preventing access to accounts. Google makes truth-tellers harder to find. All the while official organizations, such as the Atlantic Council and the print and TV presstitutes continue to lie through their teeth.
For example, in the face of complete and total evidence that the Russiagate claims are false that the Russian government hacked computers and helped Trump steal the presidential election, the false and orchestrated charge continues to be repeated as if it were proven fact, and the presstitutes continue to call for President Trump's impeachment.
In other words, truth is of no consequence. Regardless, you will not be told the truth by the print and TV media and by large swaths of the Internet media. I doubt that it is any longer possible for the presstitutes to even recognize, much less tell, the truth, because they are in service to material interests and ideologies.
I remember when Americans were free people. This is no longer the case. The prison in which Americans live is not a physical one with bars, although many Amerians including innocent ones do live behind physical bars. It is an informational prison achieved by control over the explanations that Americans are given. Over my lifetime I have observed that official propaganda has become more successful with the passage of time.
My generation was educated at a time when truth was still respected, when facts mattered, when integrity was valued, when "victim groups" had not been created and taught that they had a right to be shielded from "insensitive" words, concepts and facts, when "political correctness" and "Identity Politics" did not exist. Arguments and public debate could not be shut down with the charges that it was offensive, racist, sexist, homophobic, white supremacist. Dogmatism was not shielded by the claim that it is insensitive to cause a person in a protected category to confront the validity of their beliefs. In my generation's day, the struggle was to expand free speech, not shut it down as has occurred today even in academic institutions. Indeed, Identity Politics is in the process of banning free speech as insensitive and as a means of white supremicist control.
I remember when the police were not permitted to brutalize citizens and to shoot them down without cause on the streets and in their homes. I remember when a reasoned position was more highly regarded than an emotional one. I remember when children could go out and play unsupervised without parents being arrested for child neglect. I remember when history was what happened, not a story in service to some ideological or material interest. I remember so much that those born into the current system have never experienced and know nothing about. Perhaps one day I will face the excruciating sadness of writing about witnessing the complete destruction of my country during my lifetime.


A group campaigning for Brexit is facing criticism for having employed four non-British workers at its call centre.
The Remain campaign has accused Leave.EU of "hypocrisy" because it has previously argued that such low-skilled workers "deprive British citizens of jobs".
To put it another way, one can seek to integrate recent newcomers – by employing them, for example – while recognising that continued mass immigration would mean excessive competition for UK jobs and other problems best avoided.
Further problems with continued mass immigration include greater competition for housing; greater pressure on public services; difficulties with integration; and fears about a loss of a shared national identity and culture.
To recognise these problems is unremarkable. Indeed, many immigrants also recognise these problems and find them concerning. Consequently, some will vote for Britain to leave the EU, including EU migrants.
It's worth noting Leave.EU would have come in for even more criticism had it instead excluded non-British workers on account of their origin.


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text:
The Apprentice eliminated candidate reveals who he thinks could win
The former contestant noticed these two contestants during their time on the show.
Grace Henry
Published: Friday, 14th January 2022 at 9:00 am
We might only be on Week Two of The Apprentice, but a few of the The Apprentice 2022 candidates are already standing out.
Following his elimination on Thursday 13th January, Conor Gilsenan revealed who he thinks he could win the 16th series - and two of the girls, Kathryn Louise Burn and Amy Anzel, were his top contenders for Lord Sugar's £250,000 investment.
Speaking exclusively to RadioTimes.com, the sales executive said: "I think the girls are very strong. I got to know them like super briefly, but I got to know some of the girls on that day off. I remember Kathryn and Amy saying that they had businesses that were up and running and were doing quite well. They spoke well and they both were in leadership positions on both tasks."
When it comes to the guys, Alex Short and Nick Showering, were the two who stood out to Conor, who was the second contestant to leave The Apprentice 2022.
However, he worries they might not be "abrasive" enough for the series.
He said: "I really enjoyed working with with Alex and Nick. I thought they were both really smart guys, but I would worry about the fact that they're they're quite similar to me and they're not confrontational or abrasive enough for that process, because it really is like a dog eat dog world.
"And I don't know them that well, but I don't get the impression that they do that. So we'll just have to wait and see!"
New episodes of The Apprentice air on BBC One and BBC iPlayer on Thursdays. Want something else to watch? Check out our full TV Guide or visit our Entertainment hub for the latest news.


In this example we will iterate the string character value using For...in looping condition.
In this example we will iterate the object value using For...in looping condition.
In this example we will iterate the array value using For...in looping condition.
> "skptricks" > "php" > "android"


text:
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Mandatory Trading in Derivatives under MiFID II
Inicio Perspectivas Mandatory Trading in Derivatives under MiFID II
MiFID II introduces a mandatory trading requirement (Trading Requirement) for certain MiFID derivatives contracts to be traded on a regulated market (RM), a multilateral trading facility (MTF), an organised trading facility (OTF) or an equivalent third country venue (TC Venue) (together a Relevant Trading Venue). An investment firm that acts as a systematic internaliser (SI) is not a Relevant Trading Venue for these purposes. Please see our earlier alert on trading venues.
Autores: David Calligan Karen Butler
The TC Venue regime may also become relevant to UK platform operators in light of the UK's vote to leave the European Union (known as Brexit).
MiFID II will also introduce a mandatory trading requirement for equities, which we will cover separately in a later alert.
This diagram contains an overview of the Trading Requirement.
The Trading Requirement is potentially applicable to all derivatives within the scope of MiFID, but only where the derivatives asset class: (a) has been declared subject to mandatory clearing under the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR); (b) is traded or admitted to trading on at least one Relevant Trading Venue; and (c) is considered by the European Commission to be sufficiently liquid to trade only 'on venue'.
The Trading Requirement will apply when both counterparties to the derivatives contract are "qualifying counterparties" (i.e. financial counterparties (FCs) and above threshold counterparties (NFC+s) as defined in EMIR). So the Trading Requirement applies when FCs and NFC+s trade with each other and when they trade with non-EU counterparties who would be treated as an FC or an NFC+ if established in the EU.
The Trading Requirement will also apply to derivatives entered into between two non-EU counterparties where those trades have a "direct, substantial and foreseeable effect" in the EU or where the Trading Requirement should apply in order to prevent the evasion of the Trading Requirement.
Way out?
A derivatives trade that involves an individual or a below threshold undertaking (i.e. an NFC) will fall outside the scope of the Trading Requirement.
There is an exemption for "group transactions" provided that certain conditions are satisfied. It is important to note, however, that where the qualifying counterparty is based outside of the EU, the European Commission must have adopted an equivalence decision in relation to the regulatory framework of the non-EU jurisdiction.
It remains unclear what derivative products ultimately will be declared subject to the Trading Requirement; however, a Discussion Paper issued by ESMA on 20 September 2016 considers the trading obligation for derivatives. The paper concentrates on those products which have already been declared subject to mandatory clearing under EMIR (certain Interest Rate Derivatives and certain Credit Derivatives). It appears unlikely that equity derivatives, FX non-deliverable forwards and forward rate agreements will be subject to the Trading Requirement at the outset but it is possible that the Trading Requirement could eventually cover these products. Counterparties and platform operators should assume that more MiFID derivatives could be in scope and plan accordingly to ensure that they will be in a position to comply with the Trading Requirement when it comes into force.
This may mean that firms that operate as an SI may have to stop trading derivatives within the scope of the Trading Requirement or restructure their existing "bilateral" trading arrangements.
In order to retain European business, a platform operated by a firm based outside of the EU will need to consider whether it has to establish an entity in the EU that qualifies as a Relevant Trading Venue or whether it qualifies as a TC Venue. The latter requires the European Commission to issue an equivalence decision in relation to that third country's legal and supervisory framework (e.g. against MiFID II and the market abuse regulation (MAR)), and the operator must be authorised and supervised in its home state (the Equivalence Route). It is important to note that equivalent status is only relevant for the purposes of the Trading Requirement.
A third country's legal and supervisory framework will be deemed to be equivalent where:
the trading venue is authorised and subject to effective supervision and enforcement in its home state on an on-going basis;
the trading venue has clear and transparent rules regarding admission of instruments to its platform and they are capable of being traded in a fair, orderly and efficient basis and are freely negotiable;
issuers of instruments in that third country are subject to periodic and on-going information requirements ensuring a high level of investor protection;
the third country ensures market transparency and integrity via rules addressing market abuse in the form of insider dealing and market manipulation; and
the third country must have an effective equivalent system in place for the recognition of trading venues authorised under foreign regimes to request access to CCPs established in that third country.
On the assumption that the UK will still be a member of the EU on 3 January 2018, a UK authorised operator of an RM, MTF and OTF will still be recognised as a Relevant Trading Venue on 3 January 2018. Associate membership of the EU (e.g. on a Norwegian basis) would also produce a similar outcome for UK platform operators.
In the event that the UK is treated as a third country post-exit, a UK operator of an RM, MTF and OTF may still qualify as a Relevant Trading Venue under the Equivalence Route. Provided that the UK continues to apply MAR and that it implements and retains MiFID II post-exit then it is likely that the UK's legal and supervisory framework would be deemed to be equivalent by the European Commission, although the precise timing of such an equivalence decision would be unknown.
It is important therefore for UK platform operators actively to engage with industry bodies in any lobbying efforts to ensure that a sensible outcome is reached in the "exit" negotiations to ensure continued access to the single market.
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Journal of Rheumatology and Arthritic Diseases
Mini Review Article Open Access
Gout – Practicable Interdisciplinary Insights for the Clinician on a Surgeon's Perspective
Ingo Schmidt*
Medical Centre Wutha-Farnroda (Department of Orthopaedics), Gothaer Str. 67, 99848 Wutha-Farnroda (Germany)
*Corresponding author: Ingo Schmidt, Medical Centre Wutha-Farnroda (Department of Orthopaedics), Gothaer Str. 67, 99848 Wutha-Farnroda (Germany), E-mail: @
Received: September 18, 2018; Accepted: October 18, 2018; Published: October 30, 2018
Citation: Schmidt I (2018) Gout – Practicable Interdisciplinary Insights for the Clinician on a Surgeon's Perspective. J Rheumatol Arthritic Dis 3(3): 1-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2475-4676/3/3/00144
AbstractTop
Gout is a common systemic metabolic disease caused either by increased uric acid production or by decreased uric acid excretion potentially leading to crystal deposition of monosodium urate in various tissues and resulting in acute gouty attacks mainly initially presenting as mono arthritis of joints. The further course can be accompanied with development of chronic tophaceous gout with or without complications such as skin perforation of tophi accompanied with occurrence of chronic fistula and overlying bacterial infection. When the diagnostic management was early and sufficiently done, it can be successfully treated by specific drugs in most cases, and approximately in up to 5% of cases only surgical intervention becomes necessary that includes various extremity- and motion-preserving procedures, but in life threatening conditions primary amputation as well. The aim of this article is to present practicable interdisciplinary insights of the disease for clinicians on a view of a surgeon.
Key words: Gout; Diagnosis; Clinical presentation; Differential diagnoses; Treatments;
GA: gouty arthritis
MTPJ: metatarsophalangeal joint
MSU: monosodium urate
HU: hyperuricemia
CTG: chronic tophaceous gout
UA: uric acid
CT: computed tomography
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
OA: osteoarthritis
RA: rheumatoid arthritis
What is gout?
Gout is a common systemic metabolic disease affecting up to 2% of the Western population with an increase of prevalence up to 7% in patients aged 65 years and older, associated with an overall male-to-female ratio of 3.6:1, and the prevalence peaked in men between the ages of 75 and 84 years (7.3%), while in women its prevalence continued to rise beyond the age of 85 years (being about 2.8%) [1,2]. This entity was first identified by the ancient Egyptians in 2640 BC, Hippocrates was the first who used the term "podagra" referred to it as "the unwalkable disease" and as an "arthritis of the rich" in the 5th century BC for acute Gouty Arthritis (GA) occurring in the 1st Metatarsophalangeal Joint (MTPJ), 6 centuries later Galen first described the term "tophi" for the crystallized Monosodium Urate (MSU) deposits following longstanding Hyperuricemia (HU), and the alkaloid colchicine, derived from the seeds of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) (Figure 1), was introduced as a selective and specific treatment for gout by the Byzantine Christian Alexander of Tralles [3].
Figure 1: The autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), found in the Forest of Thuringia (Germany) near by the "big isle's mountain" on Sept. 16._2018.
Gout is to be classified in 4 four clinical phases: (1) symptomatic or asymptomatic HU, (2) acute GA (initially presented as monoarthritis in up to 90% of cases, mostly podagra), (3) intercritical gout (intervals between acute attacks), and (4) Chronic Tophaceous Gout (CTG) [4,5]. Uric Acid (UA) mainly exists as the urate ion, and as the more acidic un-ionized UA. Humans do not express the enzyme urate oxidase (uricase), because of a mutation during evolution of the uricase gene, which converts urate to the more soluble and easily excreted compound allantoin. Among mammals, only humans and other primate species excrete UA as the end product of purine metabolism [6]. HU may occur either by increased UA production that is found in 5 to 10% of patients (genetic enzymatic defects or acquired causes such as dietary indiscretions with purine-rich meat and fish, alcohol abuse, obesity, or excessive muscle activities accompanied with an increased purine metabolism) or by decreased UA excretion that is found in 90 to 100% of patients (genetic causes or acquired various kidney diseases leading to impaired renal function), and approximately 80% of the gout patients have a positive family history of gout or HU [6,7]. An increased serum UA level may exceed the solubility of the urate and imparts the risk of its crystal deposition as MSU which activates the monocytes producing the NALP3 inflammasome and subsequently leading to the liberation of various inflammatory mediators such as the interleukin 1 in soft tissues surrounding joints at the upper and lower extremity, nerves often firstly presented as peripheral nerve compression syndrome, cartilage, bones, but also in the eye and heart valve, and at the ear from the supersaturated fluids (Figures 2A-2C, 4, 5A-5C, 6A-6D, and 7A-7B) [7-17].
Diagnosis of Gout
One problem is that a majority of patients with gout present to and are being cared for by nonspecialists, and the management remains suboptimal [18-23]. For diagnosis of gout in routine clinical practice the New York criteria from 1966 are still helpful when 2 of these criteria are present: (1) at least 2 acute attacks of painful joint swelling with complete resolution within 2 weeks if untreated, (2) a clear history of podagra, (3) the presence of a tophus, and (4) a rapid response to colchicine within 48 hours of starting treatment; in comparison to the formerly introduced Rome criteria the response of colchicine was added and the serum UA level (>7 mg/dl in men / >6 mg/dl in women) was removed [6]. Under clinical aspects, a tophus is defined as a draining or chalk-like subcutaneous nodule under transparent skin, often with overlying vascularity [24]. Noted that the serum UA level is primarily increased when starting first symptoms of an acute attack, and then, it often early decreases to normal value within approximately 2 to 3 days later, hence, measuring of the serum UA level during the initial attack and at least 2 weeks later is required, and if its level at this time later is not increased (if untreated by drugs) then the diagnosis of gout is unlikely [25- 27]. However, probably the best investigation for establishing a definite diagnosis of gout is the presence of MSU crystals in aspirated joint fluids or tophus, but joint fluids should ideally be examined within 6 hours after its aspiration to minimize the risk of artefactual results [6,9,28,29]. Noted that MSU crystals are not radio opaque and are identified on polarized microscopy as negatively birefringent, and MSU crystals in synovial fluid are observed in more than 95% of patients with acute GA, but in some asymptomatic patients, MSU crystals are also detected in joints in which there is no inflammation [6,30,31,32]. MSU crystals in soft tissues around joints are well identified by dual energy computed tomography and Computed Tomography (CT) can clearly demonstrate tophi growing into the adjacent bones, ultrasound with Doppler imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with contrast showing increased vascularity with inflammation surrounding crystal deposits, and MRI is the only clinical imaging which accurately shows bone marrow edema [7].
Clinical presentation and differential diagnoses of gout
Typically, the acute attack of GA often begins at night mostly presenting in up to 50% of cases as monoarthritis of the 1st MTPJ (Figure 2A-C). In decreasing order, other joints can be involved such as ankle and insteps, knees, wrist (Figure 3), fingers, and the olecranon or prepatellar bursae [33,34,35]. Symptoms are agonizing pain around the swollen and reddened joint, fatigue, fever, and chills, but noted that GA is often less severe in elderly than in younger patients potentially leading to the misdiagnosis as having a non-specific Osteoarthritis (OA) especially at the finger joints (Heberden OA) [36,37]. The further course can be associated with polyarticular involvement which tends to be less abrupt in onset and less severely painful [30,38]. Primary acute polyarticular GA attacks are uncommon, more often observed in elderly patients, and often associated with a positive family history [39]. CTG usually develops 10 or more years after the first gout episode, and tophi may be the initial manifestation of the disease as well [6,40].
Figure 2: (62-year-old male): (A) Advanced stage of CTG at his left 1st MTPJ (clinical photograph after surgical incision). (B) A resection arthroplasty was performed, note the severe cartilage destruction associated with multiple crystal deposits on the particular surface of the 1st metatarsal head. (C) The postoperative course was uneventful.
Figure 3: (49-year-old male): Acute GA monoattack at his right wrist with painful swelling
Generally, gout must be demarcated from the also crystalinduced arthropathy pseudogout following deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, first described as "pseudogout syndrome" by Kohn et al. in 1962 [41], which is probably the acutest form of arthritis in the elderly, but associated with a relatively rare monoarticular involvement [42-45]. Pseudogout includes at least 6 presentations: (1) acute pseudogout, (2) asymptomatic chondrocalcinosis, (3) pseudo-OA (with or without acute attacks), (4) pseudo-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), (5) pseudo-polymyalgia rheumatica, and (6) pseudo-neuropathic arthropathy that can resemble a neuropathic Charcot's joint [46]. The prevalence of pseudogout among younger people is unknown, a major gender pre¬dominance do not exist, attacks of acute pseudogout appear more commonly in men, and women more fre¬quently exhibiting the pseudo-OA pattern of the disease [47,48]. The knee is most commonly involved, followed by the wrist, ankle, elbow, toe, shoulder and hip. Compared with true GA, pseudogout attacks may take longer to reach peak intensity and may persist for up to 3 months despite therapy [49]. Noted that acute pseudogout attacks can be provoked postoperatively by abrupt changes in serum calcium levels such as observed after parathyroidectomy, and after partial thyreoidectomy as well [42,50].
The main differential diagnosis for CTG is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). However, GA tends to be less symmetric than typical RA, and the non-chalk-like rheumatoid nodules typically appear polyarticular at the wrist and/or finger joints accompanied with its specific OA-related severe dislocations in volar and ulnar direction (Figure 8A-8C) [6,51]. Other differential diagnoses for CTG are various subcutaneous tumors arising directly from bones, joints or its surrounding tissues (Figures 9A-9H, 10) [52-55]. Chalk-like draining is observed as well from nodules of trichilemmal cysts (Figure 11A-11E), but its appearance at hairless regions such as the fingers is very uncommon, and it was probably first described by Ikegami et al. in 2003 [56-60]. Non-traumatic painful swelling around the wrist and finger joints are also observed by avascular osteonecrosis; furthermore, nontraumatic disruption of the scapholunate ligament can also be initially caused by gout; and moreover, a carpal tunnel syndrome can be the first manifestation of GA as well [8,11,12,13,14,15,61].
Intraosseous appearance of gout presenting as lytic lesions is challenging in diagnostic management [62]. For demarcation of osteomyelitis or intraosseous tumors dual energy computed tomography and/or MRI is the method of choice [7,63,64]. However, histological examination of intraoperatively taken specimens before definite surgical treatment is strictly recommended in order to avoid a failed treatment ( Figure 7A- 7B) [65].
How is gout treated?
Treatment of gout is based on 3 main pillars: (1) dietary modification or restriction, (2) medical treatment, and (3) surgical treatment. In 1876, Garrod was among the first to suggest that HU could be controlled by lowering the intake of purine-rich food, and later, Haig confirmed this in a series of clinical experiments he conducted on himself from 1894 to 1897 [3]. In acute GA attack, medical treatment that involves the application of the mitosis inhibitor colchicine which also has an anti-inflammatory effect based on the ability to impair the mobility and activity of neutrophil leucocytes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and maybe also prednisolone should be initiated immediately within 12 to 24 hours that often leads to relief of symptoms within 24 hours [66]. But noted that an overdose of colchicine can be associated with an intoxication presenting as severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; and in single cases with lactic acidosis leading to multiorgan failure with rhabdomyolysis, and death by cardiac arrest [67]. Uricosuric agents, first used at the end of the 19th century, are contraindicated in this phase because its application can provoke further acute attacks [3,68]. For the intercritical phase or CTG, the use of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, developed by Rundless et al. in 1963 [69], which acts by inhibiting the synthesis of UA from hypoxanthine and xanthine, is the treatment option of choice. The aim of allopurinol is to decrease the serum UA level below 6,8 mg/dl in order to avoid deposition of MSU crystals [70,71].
Figure 4: (53-year-old male with a longstanding history of alcohol abuse): Typical chalk-like CTG at the distal interphalangeal joint of his left little finger that led to ulcerations at the fingertip.
Figure 5: (83-year-old male): (A) Typical CTG with ulcerations and super infection around the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index and distal interphalangeal joint of the little finger at his right hand, noted that there are no joint dislocations. (B) Intraoperative clinical photograph showing the crystal deposits at the index involving the extensor tendon sheath. (C) Primary amputations were done at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index and proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger because the patient needed immediately a pacemaker.
Figure 6: (A 57-year old male presented with a history of drug-resistant arthritis at his left wrist over a period of 2 years [15]): (A) Initial radiograph showing a collapsed and sclerotic lunate bone with surrounding bony fragments (arrow) that suggests Kienböck's disease with its typical stress fractures. (B) Same findings in CT (arrow). (C) Intraoperatively, the severe destructed lunate bone was confirmed (light blue arrow), but there were crystal deposits on the same bone (white arrow), and the diagnosis of gout was confirmed by histological examination. (D) A non-cemented motion-preserving total wrist replacement was performed.
Figure 7:(A 38-year-old male presented with right chronic wrist pain over a period of 2 years): (A) Initial radiograph showing lytic intra osseous lesion at the ulnar styloid (arrow), and MRI showing tumor-like infiltrations of the surrounding soft tissue (arrows) that led to the diagnosis of a possible osteosarcoma with stage T4 by the radiologist, but histological examination of primarily taken specimens revealed gout. (B) A motionpreserving non-cemented ulnar head replacement was performed.
Figure 8:(Typical clinical presentations of RA): (A) Polyarticular non-chalk-like nodules at the finger joints. (B) Typical dislocations at the metacarpophalangeal joints in volar and ulnar direction. (C) Severely arthritic destructions of all joints at the hand with typical dislocations in ulnar direction at the proximal interphalangeal joints II-IV [51].
Figure 9:(Painful swellings around joints caused by various tumors): (A) Ganglion cyst of the ankle that led to an entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve (i.e. tarsal tunnel syndrome). (B) Volar wrist ganglion. (C) Giant cell tumor at the volar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint (arrow).(D) Ganglion cysts of the tibialis anterior tendon (arrows). (E) Ganglion cyst of the thumb's saddle joint (arrows). (F) Ganglion cyst of the proximal tibiofibular joint (arrows). (G) Schwannoma of the common peroneal nerve (arrows). (H) Chronic granuloma at the volar aspect of the ring finger caused by a previously incorporated foreign body.
Figure 10:(64-year old female): Monstrous subcutaneous tumor at the volar aspect at her left wrist that led to an entrapment of the median nerve (i.e. carpal tunnel syndrome). A radical debridement of all flexor tendon sheaths was done, and histological examination revealed a giant cell tumor.The postoperative course was uneventful associated with full recovery of neurological deficits.
Figure 11:(51-year-old male): (A) Initial findings, the patient reported a history of longstanding progressive growth of subcutaneous tumors at thevolar aspects of the metcarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of his left index (arrows) over a period of approximately 22 years. (B)Primarily, specimens were taken and there was a white viscous mass resembling chalk-like CTG, but histological examination revealed a trichilemmalcyst. (C) – (E) After correct diagnosis by the pathologist, the 2 trichilemmal cysts were en bloc rejected, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Figure 12:(43-year-old male): (A) Massive phlegmonous bacterial superinfection caused by ulcerating CTG of the overall right little finger. (B) The extremity-preserving radical surgical debridement of all tophi involving all flexor and extensor tendon sheaths was performed. (C) The further course was complicated by development of soft tissue necrosis at the distal phalanx. (D) After removal of the necrosis and wound conditioning the resulting defect could be covered by a skin graft. (E) At the 6-months follow-up there was marked functional loss with an incomplete fist conclusion due to adhesions of the tendons with overlying skin.
Figure 13:(58-year-old male): (A) Painful advanced stage of OA at his right 1st MTPJ (i.e. hallux rigidus), there was a longstanding history of multiple acute gout attacks (i.e. podagra). (B) A motion-preserving non-cemented total joint replacement was performed. (C) Dynamic radiographs demonstrating the well gait
Figure 14:(57-year-old female): Painful advanced stage of OA at her right 1st MTPJ (i.e. hallux rigidus), there was a longstanding history of multiple acute gout attacks (i.e. podagra). Primarily, a motion-preserving total joint replacement was performed, but it has been failed 2 years postoperatively.Therefore, the motion-restricting arthrodesis utilizing a non-vascularized corticocancellous iliac crest bone graft and a titanium plate had to be performed.
When GA is primarily diagnosed, only 5% of patients may not respond to medical treatment and surgical treatment at the wrist and hand becomes necessary [23]. The most important indications for surgery are longstanding drug-resistant painful joint OA and pronounced tophi with or without its ulceration potentially leading to chronic fistula and bacterial super infection. Extremity-preserving surgery, that includes radical debridement of tophi with or without coverage of resulting soft tissue defects, should generally be sought, but noted that complete functional recovery often cannot be achieved especially when the tendon sheaths are affected by the gouty inflammation (Figure 12A-12E). Motion-preserving joint surgery can be achieved utilizing partial or total joint replacements (Figures 6A-6D, 7A-7B, and 13A-13C) or resection arthroplasty (Figure 2A-2C), and another option is the motion-restricting joint arthrodesis (Figure 14). Which of these procedures had to be done depends on the patient's claim in activities of daily living. Primary amputation becomes necessary in patients with life-threatening conditions (Figure 5A-5C).
The author declares that he has none conflict of interests concerning this article content.
The author of this article content is "Winner of the World Academic Championship-2018 in Rheumatology (metacarpophalangeal joints) and Fellow" among 5657 nominations from 53 countries based on the subject "A 10-Year Follow-Up of Uncemented Constrained Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroplasties Using the RM Prosthesis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis" (published in: J Rheumatol Arthritic Dis. 2017;2(1):1-5. [51]), awarded by the Directorate of the International Agency of Standards and Ratings (IASR), and the IASR recognized him among "World's 500 Most Influential Experts in Rheumatology for the year 2018 on earth" [72-75].
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Ikegami T, Kameyama M, Orikasa H, Yamazaki K. Trichilemmal cyst in the pulp of the index finger: a case report. Hand Surg. 2003;8(2):253-255.
Choi CM, Cho HR, Lew BL, Sim WY. A Case of Trichilemmal Cyst oft he Finger. Korean J Dermatol. 2009;47(8):945-947.
El Hassani Y, Beaulieu JY, Tschanz E, Marcheix PS. Proliferating trichilemmal tumor of the pulp of a finger: case report and review of the literature. Chir Main. 2013;32(2):117-119. doi: 10.1016/j.main.2013.02.002
Melikoglu C, Eren F, Keklik B, Aslan C, Sutcu M, Zeynep Tarini E. Trichilemmal cyst of the third fingertip: a case report. Hand Surg. 2014;19(1):131-133. doi: 10.1142/S0218810414720113
Kwon KE, Kim SJ, Kim JH, Jung YY, Park NH, Park JY, et al. Imaging sonographic findings of in a case of proliferating trichilemmal tumor of a finger: A case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 2018;46(3):215-217. doi: 10.1002/jcu.22500
Schmidt I. The idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the third metacarpal head (M. Mauclaire/Dieterich's disease). Int J Case Rep Images. 2017;8(2):92-95.
Schuind FA, Van Geertruyden J, Stallenberg B, Remmelink M, Pasteels JL. A rare manifestation of gout at the wrist--a case report. Acta Orthop Scand. 2002;73(5):594-596. doi: 10.1080/000164702321022910
Tehranzadeh J, Ashikyan O, Dascalos J, Dennehey C. MRI of large intraosseous lesions in patients with inflammatory arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(5):1453-1463. doi: 10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831453
An JW, Troster SM. Lytic Bone Lesions: Osteomyelitis or Intraosseous Gout. J Rheumatol. 2017;44(9):1410-1411. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.170125
Schmidt I. An Unusual and Complicated Course of a Giant Cell Tumor of the Capitate Bone. Case Rep Orthop. 2016;2016:3705808. doi: 10.1155/2016/3705808
van Durme CM, Wechalekar MD, Buchbinder R, Schlesinger N, van der Heijde D, Landewé RB. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute gout. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;16(9):CD010120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010120.pub2
Erden A, Karagoz H, Gümüscü HH, Karahan S, Basak M, Aykas F, et al. Colchicine intoxication: a report of two suicide cases. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013;9:505-509. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S54558
Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, Singh MK, Bae S, Neogi T, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(10):1447-1461. doi: 10.1002/acr.21773
Rundles RW, Wyngaarden JB, Hitchings GH, Elion GB, Silberman HR: Effects of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor on thiopurine metabolism, hyperuricaemia and gout. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1963;76:126-140.
Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(10):1312-1324. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.055269
Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(10):1431-1446. doi: 10.1002/acr.21772
https://sites.google.com/site/internationalindexing/home/world-academic-championship/world-academic-championship-2018-in-rheumatology-metacarpophalangeal-joints-press-release
https://sites.google.com/site/usanewscorp/home/dr-ingo-schmidt-from-germany-wins-world-academic-championship-2018-in-rheumatology-metacarpophalangeal-joints
https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/rheumatology-arthritic-diseases
https://www.springermedizin.de/personalia/15611706


text:
Home >Industry >Moody's reaffirms Baa3 rating for India with positive outlook
Moody's lauded the NDA government's broad range of policy measures that are conducive to moderating inflation and limiting current account deficit. Photo: Bloomberg
Moody's reaffirms Baa3 rating for India with positive outlook
2 min read . Updated: 17 Nov 2016, 12:37 AM IST Asit Ranjan Mishra
Moody's says govt's reforms yet to accelerate private investment
New Delhi: Moody's Investors Service on Wednesday reaffirmed the lowest investment grade rating—Baa3—for India with a positive outlook, holding that the reform efforts of the government were yet to accelerate private investment.
The rating update comes days after S&P Global Ratings kept its sovereign credit rating for India unchanged at the lowest investment grade—BBB- with a stable outlook—and ruled out an upgrade till 2017-end.
In September, the finance ministry objected to a statement by Moody's to the effect that it was unlikely to upgrade India's rating anytime soon. After the S&P rating report was released on 2 November, economic affairs secretary Shaktikanta Das called for "introspection" by the rating agency.
India has long held that such ratings are inherently biased against emerging economies and has put in efforts to form a Brics-level sovereign rating agency without success. Brics is a grouping comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
Moody's said it continues to believe that economic and institutional reforms introduced by the government will ensure India's growth outperforms its peers over the medium term and that further improvements in its macroeconomic and institutional profile will be achieved. "However, the reform effort to date has not yet achieved the conditions that would support an upgrade to Baa2, in particular in accelerating private investment to support high, stable growth, without which the government's debt burden—a key constraint on the rating—is likely to remain high for a sustained period," it added.
Moody's upgraded India's rating outlook to positive from stable in April 2015 to reflect continuous focus on reforms by the Narendra Modi government.
The rating agency said it would consider an upgrade upon seeing evidence that institutional strengthening will elicit sustained macroeconomic stability, higher levels of investment, more favourable fiscal dynamics as well as additional policy measures. "These policies could include land or labour reforms by a significant number of states, the establishment of a credible and effective fiscal framework, complemented by measures to reduce expenditure or increase revenues; tangible progress in the implementation of the bankruptcy law and a workable strategy to resolve banks' bad assets over the medium term," it said.
Moody's lauded the government's broad range of policy measures that are conducive to moderating inflation and limiting current account deficit. "In particular, the passage and ongoing implementation of a range of economic reform measures, including the goods and services tax and reform of the bankruptcy code point to improvements in government effectiveness. This assessment is also supported by higher rankings in the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Index and World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators," it added.
However, the rating agency pointed out structural constraints to a rating upgrade such as lower per capita income of around $6,000 on a purchasing power parity basis, over-dependence on monsoon, and high debt burden of government.
Moody's also pointed out that bad asset quality continues to pose sovereign credit risks. "While recognition of non-performing loans has largely been achieved, lack of resolution of impaired loans will continue to constrain India's sovereign credit profile until a viable resolution mechanism is put into place," it said.


text:
Ronaldo, Salah, Modric make FIFA shortlist, Messi doesn't
September 4, 2018 (Mainichi Japan)
Barcelona's Lionel Messi celebrates scoring the opening goal during a Spanish La Liga soccer match between Barcelona and Huesca at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona, Spain, on Sept. 2, 2018. (AP Photo/Eric Alonso)
LONDON (AP) -- Lionel Messi failed to make the world player of the year shortlist Monday for the first time since 2006, with Luka Modric and Mohamed Salah making their first appearance in the final three alongside Cristiano Ronaldo.
【Related】Spanish League: Huesca takes early lead against Barcelona before losing 8-2
【Related】Soccer: Real Madrid wins Spanish league opener without Ronaldo
【Related】Soccer: Ronaldo leaving Real Madrid to join Italian club Juventus
【Related】Soccer: Messi and Ronaldo not only greats not to win World Cup
Messi and Ronaldo have been the only winners of world soccer's main individual award from FIFA since 2008.
Modric made the FIFA Best shortlist after helping Real Madrid to a third straight Champions League title in May and then leading Croatia to the World Cup final.
Ronaldo left Madrid after the Champions League final win over Liverpool to join Juventus. Salah was injured in the final but was recognized for his Premier League record 32 goals for Liverpool.
The women's player shortlist is headed by five-time winner Marta of Brazil. The Orlando Pride player is up against Lyon teammates Ada Hegerberg of Norway and Dzsenifer Marozsan of Germany.
Didier Deschamps, who led France to the World Cup title, was nominated alongside the coach he outwitted in the final: Zlatko Dalic of Croatia. Zinedine Zidane, who quit Real Madrid after a third straight Champions League title, completes the shortlist.
The three coaches in contention for the women's game award are: Asako Takakura, who led Japan to the Asian Games title last week, Reynald Pedros of France and Sarina Wiegman of the Netherlands.


I imported an xml color profile/format for my code, but this removed the golden curly bracket highlighting IntelliJ had prior. How can I readd this?
A change in the keymap fixed it. Command + Tab on Mac was conflicting with this. Is there a way to not have to do two shortcuts to tab between parameters?
For some reason, it does not work in method call parameters for me if values are already there.
Additionally, changing the next and previous parameters in Keymap doesn't work either.


Q: Our bank offers a savings account club for children between 13-18 years of age. Our marketing department would like to begin sending texts to these children to remind them about upcoming events like our scholarship classes or when the scholarship applications are due. Can we do this?
A: The texting activity would be subject to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), which requires that you obtain the "called party's" prior express consent. However, because these are minors, the safest approach is to receive consent from the subscriber (i.e., the parent).
If you want to dig deeper into the issue, it is not clear that consent must be obtained from the subscriber and not from the minor child. First, many states' laws provide that a minor can give consent to engage in commercial transactions all the time, some of which involve their consenting to something asked by the seller.
Second, the FCC has stated that a person who is not the current subscriber of the number may give consent to receive messages at that number. In its July Declaratory Ruling and Order, the FCC stated that in order to obtain prior express consent for the call, a caller must have the consent of the "current subscriber to or customary user of the number." This does not address the question of whether a minor can consent, but it does indicate that a person other than the subscriber may give consent.
Q: I think I understand the new flood rules regarding the detached structure exemption, but I have a slightly different question. We have a borrower who wants to purchase some land for recreational purposes. The land is located in a flood zone and contains a storage barn and two RV ports that have a roof and solid back wall that contains hook-ups for water and electric for the RVs. The front of the RV port is supported by two metal poles. Can these structures be exempted from the flood insurance requirements under the detached structure exemption? If not, is there any other way our bank can exempt the structures from the flood insurance requirements?
A: To your first question regarding the detached structure exemption, no. The § 22.4 Exemptions state that "The flood insurance requirement prescribed by § 22.3 does not apply with respect to: …(c) Any structure that is a part of any residential property but is detached from the primary residential structure of such property and does not serve as a residence." Although you might be able to argue that this is a residential property (e.g., the consumer parks his RV there when he goes camping) you would still not be able to use the detached structure exemption, because when there is no primary residential structure, there can be no detached structure. If your borrower builds a residence in the future, you may be able to revisit this determination.
To determine whether or not you can otherwise exempt these structures, you first need to determine if these are insurable structures as defined under the flood rules. To be an insurable structure, a building must have two or more walls and an attached roof. Based on your description, it does not appear that the RV ports meet that requirement, but the barn would. Therefore, the barn would require flood insurance.
Q: Our bank has decided to stop making home equity loans and offer only home equity lines of credit. If someone applies for a home equity loan, would we owe the applicant an adverse action notice because it's a credit term that we don't offer, or would we not owe them an adverse action notice because it's not currently a type of credit that we offer?
When an applicant applies for credit and the creditor does not offer the credit terms requested by the applicant (for example, the interest rate, length of maturity, collateral, or amount of down payment), a denial of the application for that reason is adverse action (unless the creditor makes a counteroffer that is accepted by the applicant) and the applicant is entitled to notification under §1002.9.
Q: Our institution does not share personal non-public information with non-affiliated third parties. When we (the bank) receive an application for consumer credit, and the client does not qualify under the bank's parameters (due to FICO score, for example), may the bank send the application information to a non-affiliated third party for the purpose of having that institution consider the customer's request?


Come rain or shine, you will need the most appropriate garden clothing. At Cedar Garden Centre you can have a look at their garden clothing range. If you are after wellies to keep your feet dry from the rain and mud to the gardening gloves to help with your pruning, the staff at Cedar Garden Centre can assist you! Located in Chichester in the county of West Sussex they stock a range of garden clothing. Speak to the staff at Cedar Garden Centre and find out what's available.
Have a look at the product range or check the address details and opening times of Cedar Garden Centre on the general tab.


text:
package com.yahoo.squidb.sql;

import com.yahoo.squidb.test.SquidTestCase;
import com.yahoo.squidb.test.TestModel;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;

public class CriterionTest extends SquidTestCase {

    public void testCriterionNegation() {
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.eq("Sam"), TestModel.FIRST_NAME.neq("Sam"));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.isNull(), TestModel.FIRST_NAME.isNotNull());
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.gt(5), TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.lte(5));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.gte(5), TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.lt(5));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.in(Collections.EMPTY_SET),
                TestModel.FIRST_NAME.notIn(Collections.EMPTY_SET));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.isNull(), TestModel.FIRST_NAME.isNotNull());
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.between(1, 2), TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.notBetween(1, 2));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.like("A"), TestModel.FIRST_NAME.notLike("A"));
        assertNegationEqualsTheOther(TestModel.FIRST_NAME.glob("A*"), TestModel.FIRST_NAME.notGlob("A*"));
    }

    private void assertNegationEqualsTheOther(Criterion c1, Criterion c2) {
        assertEquals(c1, c2.negate());
        assertEquals(c2, c1.negate());
        assertEquals(c1, c1.negate().negate());
        assertEquals(c2, c2.negate().negate());
    }

    public void testInstanceVsStaticConjunction() {
        Criterion c1 = TestModel.FIRST_NAME.eq("Sam");
        Criterion c2 = TestModel.LAST_NAME.eq("Bosley");
        Criterion c3 = TestModel.LUCKY_NUMBER.eq(7);

        Criterion c = c1.and(c2);
        Criterion cand = c.and(c3);
        assertNotSame(c, cand); // Tests immutability of conjunction criterions when appending with the same operator

        assertEquals(Criterion.and(c1, c2, c3), c1.and(c2).and(c3));
        assertEquals(Criterion.and(Arrays.asList(c1, c2, c3)), c1.and(c2).and(c3));
        assertEquals(Criterion.or(c1, c2, c3), c1.or(c2).or(c3));
        assertEquals(Criterion.or(Arrays.asList(c1, c2, c3)), c1.or(c2).or(c3));

        assertEquals(Criterion.or(Criterion.and(c1, c2), c3), c1.and(c2).or(c3));
        assertEquals(Criterion.and(Criterion.or(c1, c2), c3), c1.or(c2).and(c3));

        assertEquals(Criterion.and(c1, Criterion.or(c2, c3)), c1.and(c2.or(c3)));
        assertEquals(Criterion.or(c1, Criterion.and(c2, c3)), c1.or(c2.and(c3)));
    }

    public void testEmptyRawSelectionReturnsNull() {
        assertNull(Criterion.fromRawSelection(null, null));
        assertNull(Criterion.fromRawSelection("", null));
    }

    public void testNullCriterionsInBadPlacesThrowExceptions() {
        testThrowsException(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Criterion.and(null, TestModel.ID.eq(1));
            }
        }, IllegalArgumentException.class);

        testThrowsException(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Criterion.or(null, TestModel.ID.eq(1));
            }
        }, IllegalArgumentException.class);

        testThrowsException(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Function.caseWhen(null, 1);
            }
        }, IllegalArgumentException.class);

        testThrowsException(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Criterion.not(null);
            }
        }, IllegalArgumentException.class);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CEE and CIS
BOM Brabant
DIFC
EDB Bahrain
Greater Houston Partnership
Invest in Georgia
Invest in Hamilton
Invest Stockholm
JobsOhio
Masdar City Free Zone
Missouri Partnership
Montreal International
OpportunityEgypt
Surprise Arizona
Think Different, Think Scotland
Africa's reliance on China is only likely to get worse
Asia-Pacific continues to dominate the global semiconductor market
'Crypto winter' won't stop institutional banking sector from investing in digital asset business
Finding a cure: How cell and gene therapies could revolutionise medicine
How Montréal is leading the way in green transportation
New leadership programmes for the younger generation aim to boost long-term economic growth in Bahrain
How climate denial became the anti-ESG movement
Opinion: If businesses want to attract and retain talent, they must show their woke side
Ruth Strachan
Talent is in short supply for many businesses, and to retain or attract younger generations they must embrace 'woke' ideologies.
Staff walk out of Disney Animation in protest against CEO Bob Chapek's handling of the staff controversy over Florida's Parental Rights in Education bill, which has been criticised as anti-LGBTQ+. If businesses want the best talent, such anti-woke accusations can be hugely damaging. (Photo by Irfan Khan / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)
Covid-19 exacerbated many workplace trends, widening the skills gap, bringing forward early retirements and making the quest to find talent trickier for businesses and investors. As a result of this – and the widely reported 'great resignation', an economic trend that saw employees quitting their jobs en masse during the lockdowns – many businesses are doing all they can to keep their staff happy and well trained.
This focus on attracting and retaining talent has seen an change in worker priorities, particularly among younger people in the workforce, regarding what they look for when choosing an employer. With woke culture becoming more prevalent across society in general, more and more workers are looking for companies that wear their views on their sleeve and take stronger stances in cultural debates.
The digital generation
Younger generations have been brought up solely in a digital age, where defining themselves and their opinions using platforms across social media is the norm. The rise of the so-called 'cancel culture' is not exclusive to individuals making ill-advised Twitter or Instagram postings either, with entire brands finding themselves on the receiving end of social media storms for failing to embrace a woke ideology. For example, in 2020, US pancake brand 'Aunt Jemima' was on the receiving end of much criticism for, its accusers said, perpetuating racist stereotypes, causing owner Quaker Oats to announce a name change to Pearl Milling Company in 2021.
On this topic, Bhushan Sethi, partner and joint global leader of people and organisation at PwC, says: "The youngest generations in the workforce are more aligned and attuned to employee activism and understand the purpose of their roles in society. As a result, a lot of clients are looking at their reputations and what they can do to make sure they are connecting with workforces in order to attract and retain the people that they want to engage in a productive way."
So if the guidance for businesses is to be woke or go broke, how can global companies create a one-size-fits-all approach when stances on cultural debates vary so widely?
Is it possible to be woke on a global level?
The ideology behind what 'wokeness' means is nuanced and differs from topic to topic and across borders. Even in Western cultures, there can be large disparity over moral codes. If we look at LGBTQ+ rights, this has been a contentious issue with locations such as Poland and Florida passing legislation that has been condemned by many as homophobic or transphobic.
For Poland, this doesn't seem to have impacted foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, with the country still ranking highly for FDI when compared with its European neighbours. However, many companies operating in Poland have been vocal about their support of LGBTQ+ rights by offering the same benefits to same-sex couples, such as parental leave, and providing internal 'pride networks'.
In environments such as Poland, this adds pressure on companies to take a stand in divisive social issues or risk woke workers voting with their feet.
The woke balancing act
For some companies, the tightrope of appearing to care and cover important social issues, while maintaining internal business relationships, can also be problematic.
A senior analyst at an information services company in London told me recently of pushback from the C-suite when writing a white paper on the Ukraine crisis. When receiving his edits, he was surprised to find that his words had been changed from 'war' to 'conflict' and 'invasion' to 'situation'.
Not wanting to go against superiors, the employee dutifully made the edits, only to be met with backlash on social media for dulling down the terms. When they requested an update to the white paper, they were told by a superior that the situation was delicate as the company had Russian investment and did not wish to 'rock the boat'.
This balance of covering important issues while managing often-delicate internal business relationships is not an easy one for business leaders to maintain, more so when regions differ greatly on what is moral. However, if these businesses want to attract and retain the best young talent, it is a balance they must be constantly trying to perfect. The generations entering the workforce now put more importance on ethics and social issues than the generations that came before them. Hoping they will turn a blind eye to any perceived injustices is no longer an option.
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We are looking to recruit a Multi Skilled Plumber for a Social Housing Contract based in Richmond. Our Client is a National Social Housing Contractor looking for a reliable and experienced Multi Skilled Plumber for their contract based in Richmond.
To apply for this role you must have a CSCS card and all your own tools, and van. This position is to start ASAP and will run for a minimum of 13 weeks with the potential for longer term work. The hourly rate of £16.00ph.


text:
Y2 ac three-phase motor
Most common electric car questions - answered
Mark Perry, Nissan\'s North American Product Planning Director (
Nissan Leaf is currently on sale)
"The lithium-
Ion batteries powered by Nissan Leaf will go far beyond traditional automotive applications.
In fact, after 10 years, the battery\'s energy storage capacity will still reach 70 PCs.
After that, Nissan is looking for ways to continue its battery life.
Potential uses include capturing unused energy from wind or solar power plants; back-
Increase energy storage for facilities from hospitals to computer servers;
Even in the ongoing car market, such as the island, 70 miles away is enough to meet the daily driving needs.
\"The electric car industry in the UK is accelerating the world\'s fastest electric supercar to invest in Evo Daniel Johnston, product communications manager, Volvo cars in North America (
Volvo C30concept car)
\"The foundation of Volvo Electric cars is the production of cars.
This means that many parts can be used widely.
Same as any OEM [
Original equipment manufacturers]
Vehicles, technicians will be fully trained on how to serve the C30 electric vehicle.
Original equipment manufacturers must support their products or they will lose market share, which is not affordable by car companies.
In terms of service, this means that there is no difference between the C30 Electric car owners and the S60 owners.
They get the same quality service, excellent customer service and warranty from Volvo [1 [
Whether Electric should be listed in the end].
Sherif Marakby, director of electrified projects and Engineering, Ford Motor Corporation (
Ford Fox electric (available at the end of 2011)
\"Electric cars have their own uses.
At Ford, we are building an electric car family to meet the needs of consumers.
If you\'re in town most of the time, full battery power like Focus electric is perfect for you.
If you wish to be able to drive a further distance, you can choose between the plugs
Hybrid or general hybrid. A plug-
In hybrid, like C-
MAX Energi will use its battery until it runs out and then drives like a normal hybrid. Both the plug-
Hybrid and normal hybrid is great for long trips.
Dave Patterson, American engineer, Mitsubishi R & D, Mitsubishi Motors North America (
Mitsubishi \"I\" will be available later this year)
\"Mitsubishi \'I\' will provide three charging modes, so it is flexible in almost any case of charging. The 110-
Volt is fully charged for about 19 hours, but can be plugged into any 110 socket without the risk of a short-circuit fuse. The 220-volt [
Standard dryer plug]
Half the time.
You can find a DC quick charger if you only have a few minutes [
Will soon be found at Mitsubishi Motors North America headquarters in Cypress, California]
And charge to 80 PCs in 20 minutes.
This convenient charging station will provide a very cheap way to charge and have plenty of time for morning coffee or afternoon snacks.
\"Hobbiklin, communications management, Tesla Motors (
Tesla Sports cars are currently on sale)
\"On Tesla\'s car, the charger is built into the power system and can use any traditional 110-volt or 220-
Volt power outlet for charging.
Sports cars and their connectors are designed to provide owners with the freedom to charge anytime, anywhere.
The charging equipment is durable and weatherproof.
Tesla\'s vehicles and charging devices are designed with safety in mind and equipped with redundant systems to protect users.
Before each charge, the car and the computer in the charging system ensure that the car is parked in place and all electrical systems work properly.
Tesla has even added safety features to turn off charging if the rope is pulled or smoke is detected.
Daniel Johnston, product Communication Manager, Volvo Car, North America (
Concept car)
\"I think it depends on where you put the battery pack ,[the Chevrolet]
Volt and Volvo use the center tunnel housing and tank area.
As far as possible from the object hit.
In fact, we have tested the 40-mile/hour front offset, 30-mile/hour side impact, the 18-mile/hour front rod test, and the C30 electric vehicle that collided after 51-mile/hour.
The battery is right where it should be and it is not turned on.
In the accident, the battery electrical connection was turned off and the battery was isolated from the vehicle in about 50 milliseconds.
The risk of cars being powered is small.
Today we cut fuel on our cars.
Therefore, the fuel pump will shut down when the accident occurs.
The battery pack has the same idea and we want to turn it off as soon as possible.
\"When the utility rate is the lowest, most electric car owners will charge at night.
So Ford has developed a program called value charging powered by Microsoft, where consumers can charge their vehicles when the utility rate is the lowest.
All you need to do is plug in your vehicle, click the value charge button on your smartphone and your car will charge when the price is best for you.
This means that the full cost of Focus Electric can be between $2 and $3 using national standards.
Rob Peterson, communications manager, Chevrolet Volt (
Chevrolet Volt plug-in
Hybrid cars currently on sale)
\"Chevrolet worked with the utilities industry to think about all aspects of Volt
From how it should be charged and when to make it as seamless as the grid
Be as friendly as possible.
For example, Volt consumes a relatively small amount of electricity, so the standard 120-
Volt home sockets for the night.
In addition, Volt\'s smart-
The charging function adjusts the start of the charging cycle according to the driver\'s departure time for the next day, so when the grid demand is at its lowest, the Volt charges in the middle of the night.
\"The Tesla sports car is no doubt proof that electric cars are not slow.
For the motor, instant torque can be obtained at any rpm, which is different from the internal combustion engine\'s limitation on the way torque is generated.
When the accelerator is pressed, the entire rotational force of the motor is available.
The peak torque remains constant, close to 6000 rpm.
\"Tesla sports cars accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 3 minutes.
7 seconds, as fast as the fastest sports car in the world.
The top speed of a sports car is 25 miles per hour.
Compared with Porsche and other sports cars, it performs well in terms of performance, control and speed.
The mission behind the sports car is to prove that people don\'t have to compromise on style or performance when driving electric cars.
SWL screw jack with caster wheel