La présente version anglaise de la Loi sur les droits des minorités nationales et ethniques (1993) n'a qu'une valeur informative; il s'agit d'une traduction du hongrois (törvény a nemzeti és etnikai kisebbségek jogairól). Voir aussi la version française.
declares that it regards the right to national and ethnic identity as a universal human right, that the special individual and collective rights of national and ethnic minorities are fundamental rights of freedom, which it will respect and enforce in the Republic of Hungary.
In their entirety these rights are neither a gift from the majority nor the privilege of the minority, nor is their basis the numerical proportion of the national and ethnic minorities within the majority nation, but the right to be different, which is based on respect for the freedom of the individual and for social harmony.
In declaring the notions of equality and solidarity, and the principles of the active protection of minorities, the National Assembly is guided by respect for minorities, esteem for moral and historical values, and the consistent representation of the shared vital interests of the minorities and the Hungarian nation within the framework of recognised universal moral and legal norms.
The mother tongue, the intellectual and material culture, the historical traditions of the national and ethnic minorities who are Hungarian citizens and live in Hungary, and other characteristic qualities which support their minority status are considered aspects of their identity as individuals and as a community.
All these are special values, the preservation, cultivation and augmentation of which is not only a basic right of the national and ethnic minorities, but also in the interest of the Hungarian nation, and ultimately in that of the community of governments and nations.
In consideration of the fact that self-governments form the basis of democratic systems, the establishment of minority self-governments, their operation and the resulting cultural autonomy is regarded by the National Assembly as one of the fundamental preconditions of the special enforcement of the rights of minorities.
In view of the historical co-existence of the Hungarian majority with national and ethnic minorities, the National Assembly guarantees, also through this Act, all the rights of persons belonging to minorities as Hungarian citizens and their communities; ensuring not only their human rights, but also political rights that enable them to promote the preservation of their national or ethnic identities. The aim of this Act is to establish the institutional basis necessary to ensure that citizens can lead the lives of members of national or ethnic minorities as laid down in the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference on Co-operation and Security in Europe in 1975, including the freedom to maintain living and free contacts with the kin state and mother country. In preparing this Act, the National Assembly of the Republic of Hungary is guided by the vision of the establishment of a Europe without frontiers, reduction and elimination of the disadvantages which result from living in a minority, and the development of the democratic institutional structures necessary to achieve these goals.
(1) This Act applies to all persons of Hungarian citizenship living in the Republic of Hungary who consider themselves members of any national or ethnic minority and to the communities of these people.
(2) For the purposes of the present Act a national or ethnic minority (hereinafter 'minority') is any ethnic group with a history of at least one century of living in the Republic of Hungary, which represents a numerical minority among the citizens of the state, the members of which are Hungarian citizens, and are distinguished from the rest of the citizens by their own language, culture and traditions, and at the same time demonstrate a sense of belonging together, which is aimed at the preservation of all these, and the expression and protection of the interests of their communities, which have been formed in the course of history.
This Act does not apply to refugees, immigrants, foreign citizens settled in Hungary, or to persons of no fixed abode.
(1) Minorities living in Hungary share the power of the people: they are components in the formation of the state [Article 68 par (1) of the Constitution]. Their culture is part of the culture of Hungary.
(2) The right to national or ethnic identity is a fundamental human right, and is legally due to any individual or community.
(3) Every minority has the right to exist and continue to exist as an national or ethnic community.
(4) Each minority community, or the members of such communities, has the right to lead an undisturbed life in their country of birth, and maintain contact with their homeland. The right to have a country of birth not only means that the individual has a right to his/her own place of birth, but also to the place of birth or residence of his/her parents, or the people who raised them, their ancestors, as well as the freedom to relate to the former homeland and its culture, and the protection of these rights.
(5) Any form of discrimination against minorities is prohibited.
- aims at the forced evacuation or resettlement of a national or ethnic minority.
(2) The Republic of Hungary, through its international relations, undertakes to act against any political intentions that might result in any of the consequences listed in par (1). It also strives to provide protection against such a policy through international legal mechanisms and by international agreements.
(3) In drawing the boundaries of administrative units and constituencies, and in formulating plans for economic development and the development of settlements, as well as for environmental protection, the Republic of Hungary will take into consideration the local conditions, relations, economic interests and established traditions of national and ethnic minorities.
(1) In the Republic of Hungary minorities have a constitutional right to establish local and national self-governments.
(2) The basic function of minority governments is to protect and represent the interests of minorities by performing their duties and exercising their statutory authority.
(3) To assist them in performing these duties, this Act regulates the process of establishing a self-government, its rights and obligations, the terms of its operation, and its relations with governmental bodies.
The Republic of Hungary promotes the realisation of equality before the law by introducing measures with the aim of ensuring equality of opportunities [par (3) of Article 70/A of the Constitution].
(1) The admission and acknowledgement of the fact that one belongs to a national or ethnic group or minority (hereinafter 'minority') is the exclusive and inalienable right of the individual. No-one is obliged to make a statement concerning the issue of which minority one belongs to.
(2) The right to national and ethnic identity and the acknowledgement and admission of membership of such a minority does not preclude the recognition of dual or multi-affiliation.
It is the right of the citizen belonging to a national or ethnic minority to state in secret and anonymously during a census to which minority group s/he belongs.
A person belonging to a minority has the right to equality of opportunity in politics and culture, a right which the government is obliged to promote through effective measures.
Participation in public life by a person belonging to a minority must not be restricted. Members of minorities may establish societies, parties, and other civil organisations to express and protect their interests - in accordance with the regulations of the Constitution.
A person belonging to a minority has the right to respect minority traditions concerning family life, to cultivate family relationships, to celebrate family feasts in his/her mother tongue, and to require that the religious services associated with these feasts be performed in his/her mother tongue.
(1) A person belonging to a minority has the right to choose his/her own first name and the first name of his/her child freely, to have the first and last name of his/her child registered under the conventions governing the writing of the mother tongue, and to indicate the names in official documents as long as this complies with applicable provisions. If the names are not registered using Latin characters, it is compulsory to give the phonetic representation of the names with Latin letters.
(2) If requested, the registration of births and the compilation of other personal documents - as listed in par (1) - may also be bilingual.
c) have their personal data related to their minority status protected as determined by a separate Act.
Persons belonging to minorities have the right to maintain contacts with state and community institutions in their kin state and/or with nations as defined by the use of a language, and also with minorities living in other countries.
The preservation, fostering, strengthening and passing on of their minority identity is the unalienable collective right of minorities.
It is the right of minorities to cultivate and develop their historical traditions and language, to preserve and enrich their intellectual culture, and their culture as incarnated by physical objects.
Minorities have the right to establish civil organisations, as well as local and national self-governments.
(1) Public service television and radio stations - as provided for in a separate Act - will ensure that national and ethnic minority programmes are produced and broadcast on a regular basis.
(2) On territories inhabited by minorities, the government - through international contracts - will promote the reception of radio and television programmes from the kin state.
b) establish a national educational, training, cultural and scientific institutional network of their own within the boundaries of existing laws.
(4) The Republic of Hungary - within the framework of its laws - guarantees the rights of minority communities to hold their own events and celebrate their own feasts free from disturbance, to preserve and maintain their architectural, cultural and religious relics, to preserve, foster and pass on their traditions, and to use their cultural symbols.
Minorities and their organisations have the right to establish and maintain extensive and direct international contacts.
(1) Minorities have the right - as determined in a separate Act - to be represented in the National Assembly.
(2) The National Assembly shall elect an Ombudsman for National and Ethnic Minority Rights. Before the President of the Republic puts forward a proposal for the position of Ombudsman for National and Ethnic Minority Rights, s/he shall seek the opinion of national minority self-governments, or in the absence of such a council, the view of the registered national board representing the interests of the given minority. The provisions of Act LIX of 1993 on the Ombudsman for Civil Rights shall apply to the Commissioner for National and Ethnic Minority Rights.
(3) The Ombudsman for National and Ethnic Minority Rights shall have the authority to act on issues which fall within the scope of this Act.
(1) In accordance with the provisions of this Act, any minority has the right to establish a minority municipal government or a directly or indirectly formed local minority self-government in townships, towns, or the districts of the capital city, as well as a national minority self-government.
In the capital city directly formed local minority self-governments may be established.
(2) Concerning citizens belonging to minorities who are elected as representatives, the amended version of the present Act, as amended by Article 64 of Act LXIV of 1990 on the election of self-government representatives and mayors, shall apply.
(1) A municipal government may declare itself a minority municipal government if more than half the members of the elected body have been elected as candidates of one national or ethnic minority.
(2) If more than 30% of the members of the municipal government have been elected as candidates of one particular national or ethnic minority, the representatives may form a minority self-government (hereinafter `indirectly formed minority self-government') with a minimum of 3 members per minority.
(1) In accordance with the provisions of Articles 51-54 of Act LXIV of 1990 on the election of local government representatives and mayors, amended by Article 64 of this Act, electors may create minority self-governments by direct election (hereinafter `directly formed local minority self-government').
(2) The minimum membership of directly formed local minority self-governments is 3 in the case of settlements with a population of 1,300 or lower, whereas in settlements with a population of over 1,300 - including a district of the capital city - the minimum is 5, and in the capital city itself it is 9.
(3) A directly formed local minority self-government elects its own leaders in accordance with the rules set by a majority decision.
(4) If elected in accordance with Articles 51-54 of Act LXIV of 1990 on the election of local government representatives and mayors, which is amended by Article 64 of this Act, a member of a local minority self-government who is not a representative in the municipal government may only become a member of the body of a directly formed minority self-government.
(5) One minority in one settlement may establish only one indirectly formed local minority self-government, or, in the absence of such a body, may establish one directly formed minority self-government.
(6) Both directly and indirectly formed local minority self-governments (hereinafter together `minority self-government') have the same scope of duties and authority.
(7) A minority may only be represented in the municipal government by a spokesperson if the minority represented does not have a local minority self-government.
Unless other provisions exist in this Act, the provisions of the law on local governments will be applied appropriately to minority municipal governments and local minority self-governments.
(1) A minority municipal government is a legal entity. The scope of duties and authority of minority municipal governments, where different from the scope of duties and authority assigned to municipal governments, is provided for by the provisions of this Act.
(2) In the course of the management of public affairs of local interest, minority municipal governments - in accordance with par (1) - are obliged to ensure the assertion of the rights of the Hungarian population in a numerical minority, or the rights of any other national or ethnic minority.
d) object to a practice or decision related to the operation of institutions which violates the rights of the minority, and may initiate the amendment or withdrawal of the decision.
(2) The head of the appropriate board with the necessary authority and competence - in cases defined in par (1) - is obliged to provide a material response to the request within 30 days.
(3) If the subject of the request does not fall within the authority or competence of the head of the board, s/he is obliged to transfer the request to the person with appropriate authority and competence within 3 days after the request.
c) within the limits of the provision on the protection of historical monuments, the full list of such historical buildings and memorial sites, and the local regulations regarding their protection.
c) the local feasts of the minority represented.
d) adult education and socio-cultural animation.
(5) If it is necessary to obtain the approval of the municipal government for the minority self-government to exercise its rights, the board of representatives must put the initiative of the minority self-government related to this issue on the agenda of its next meeting. If the decision-making process falls within the authority of another self-government board the decision must be made within 30 days of the ubmission of the request for action.
The mayor's office, established by the municipal government - as defined under the terms of its organisational and operational statutes - is obliged to help the work of local minority self-governments.
(1) Concerning the issues of local basic education, local media, the promotion of local traditions and culture, and the collective usage of the language, any municipal government decree affecting the minority population in their capacity as such may be made by the board of representatives only with the approval of the minority self-government representing this population.
(2) The appointment of heads of minority institutions as well as the decisions of the municipal government concerning the education of people belonging to minorities, require the approval of the local minority self-governments affected. In the absence of such a minority self-government, the opinion of the spokesperson for the minority, or in the absence of a spokesperson, the opinion of the local association of the given minority is necessary.
(3) Whoever is entitled to the right either to approve a decision or to express an opinion shall make a statement within 30 days of the submission or the announcement of the request as defined in paras (1) and (2). Failure to comply with the deadline shall lead to the loss of this right.
(1) The minority municipal government as well as the local minority self-government may maintain contacts with any minority organisation or association, and may enter into an agreement on co-operation.
(2) Minority organisations, institutions and associations may submit applications focusing on national culture, education, science, etc., to state funding organizations under the same conditions as minority municipal governments and local minority self-governments.
(1) The national minority self-government (hereinafter `national self-government') may be established in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(2) The national self-government is elected by minority electors. Every municipal government representative who has been elected as a minority representative is a minority elector, as are minority self-government representatives, and spokespersons. If on the board of representatives of a municipal government the minority concerned does not have a minority representative or a spokesperson, or if in the settlement the minority concerned does not have a minority self-government, the election of the elector may be initiated by three citizens who are entitled to vote, who are residents of the settlement, and who declare themselves members of the minority concerned.
(3) An electoral meeting must be convened if initiated by at least three citizens entitled to vote and who belong to the same minority group.
(1) The electoral meeting shall be convened by the local election committee. One session must be held for each national and ethnic minority, in which only members of the electorate whose permanent residence is in the settlement may participate. The venue and time of the meeting must be made known by public notice.
(2) The electoral meeting must be held within 60 days of the day of the election of local government representatives and mayors. For the period of the election of the electors the local election committee is joined by one extra representative, jointly appointed by members of the electorate [par (3) of Article 31 ] initiating the electoral meeting. This common representative has the right to participate only in those activities of the local election committee which relate to the electoral meeting of the given minority.
(3) A meeting of residents belonging to the same national or ethnic minority in a settlement is entitled to elect an elector. The electoral meeting constitutes a quorum if there are at least 10 people present. The participants decide on the election of the elector with ballots prepared on the basis of open nomination, by secret voting, with a simple majority of votes.
(4) In any given settlement, one minority may only elect one elector, and one elector may only accept one electoral appointment.
(5) By using the electoral register compiled by the chief administrator of the Mayor's Office, the local election committee shall ensure that only the electors that have the right to vote in the settlement participate in the election.
(1) Within 3 days after the electoral meetings, the local election committees shall notify the National Election Committee of the names of the electors belonging to the same minority who have been elected at these meetings.
(2) The National Election Committee shall convene the electors' meeting on a date no later than 60 days after the date stipulated in par (2) of Article 32, provided that the number of electors has reached 14. The number of eligible representatives [par (3) of Article 63 ] must be less than the number of electors present.
(3) The same national or ethnic minority may only form one national self-government. Several national or ethnic minorities may form a common, joint national self-government.
The electors elect the members of the general assembly of the national self-government from among themselves by secret ballot - in accordance with the provisions on 'short-list voting' of the relevant Act on the election of local government representatives and mayors. The name of each candidate who enjoys the support of 10% of the electors will appear on the ballot paper. The presence of a minimum of three quarters of the electors elected constitutes a quorum at the statutory assembly.
(1) The term of office of the members of the general assembly of the national self-government lasts until the convention of the first meeting of the new general assembly. The statutory assembly of the new general assembly must be convened within 30 days after the election of the members of the general assembly.
(2) If no new general assembly is elected, the national self-government shall cease to exist.
(1) The national self-government represents and protects the rights of the minority represented by it at a national and area (regional, county) level. With a view to the establishment of the cultural autonomy of the minority it may establish institutions and co-ordinate their activities.
(2) The national self-government is a legal entity.
(3) In the event that the national self-government ceases to exist, its property is transferred to the Public Foundation established in accordance with par (3) of Article 55 , which assumes the management of this property, and ensures its protection. In the event that the once terminated national self-government is re-established, the Public Foundation must ensure that the property of the national self-government is returned.
r) the performance of other duties which legally fall within its authority.
(2) An administrative board which receives a request as outlined in point b) of par (1) shall proceed in accordance with the provisions of paras (2) and (3) of Article 26.
(3) In the course of legislation on the preservation and conservation of the historical settlements and architectural monuments of minorities, the national self-government - and also the local minority self-government if municipal government provisions on such matters are being enacted - has the right to agree. In the absence of a local minority self-government it is the spokesperson of the minority, and in the absence of such a person, it is the local association of the given minority which has the right of expressing its opinion.
(4) In developing the core curriculum of minority education - except for higher education - the national self-government concerned has the right of agreement.
The activities of the national self-government may include the announcement of calls for project proposals and the establishment of scholarships.
g) initiate action - in line with the provisions of par (1) of Article 101 of the LG - by the board of representatives to turn to an adequately authorised body concerning issues affecting the situation of a given minority.
(2) On the basis of the initiative specified in point b) of par (1) the mayor or the chairperson of the committee is obliged to present the proposal of the spokesperson at the next meeting of the board of representatives, or the committee. The board of representatives, or the committee, shall decide whether to put the issue on the agenda, and how the case should be prepared.
(3) If the spokesperson seeks information during the meeting of the board of representatives or a committee meeting from the mayor, the chief administrator, or the chairperson of the committee, s/he must be provided with a written reply at the meeting or within 15 days of the meeting at the latest.
(4) The verbal contribution of the spokesperson - at his/her request - must be recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the board of representatives, or the committee, or - if the contribution is submitted in writing - it must be enclosed with the minutes.
(5) The discussion of an issue - affecting a given minority - which has been put on the agenda in accordance with the provisions of par (2) on the basis of the initiative specified in point (b) of par (1) may be postponed or removed from the agenda by the board of representatives only if so requested by the spokesperson.
(6) Before the authorised local government body enacts a municipal government regulation concerning the rights and responsibilities of a minority, or before it takes a measure having a general impact on the situation of a minority, it must consult the spokesperson.
(1) The employer must release the spokesperson from his/her duties - at his/her own request -for the period s/he performs his/her duties as spokesperson. The board of representatives shall compensate him/her for the loss of income resulting from his/her absence from work. On the basis of this income the spokesperson is also entitled to social security.
(2) The provisions regulating the reimbursement of costs, payment of allowances, and the honorariums of town councillors shall apply to the spokesperson.
(3) The provisions of paras (1) and (2) do not affect the rights and duties of members of the board of representatives of a municipal government in cases where the spokesperson is also a member of the municipal government.
In accordance with this Act the following languages are deemed languages used by minorities: Bulgarian, Gypsy ('Romani' and 'Beash'), Greek, Croatian, Polish, German, Armenian, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian and Ukrainian.
(1) The state recognises the mother tongues of minorities as a factor contributing to community cohesion, and supports their teaching - where requested - in educational institutions which are not under the authority of minority municipal governments in accordance with the provisions of paras (2) and (4), and Articles 44-49.
(2) In accordance with the decision of their parents or guardian, children belonging to a minority will be and may be educated in their mother tongue, 'bilingually' (in their mother tongue and in Hungarian), or in Hungarian.
(3) The education of minorities in their mother tongue or 'bilingually' may be provided in minority kindergartens, schools, or in classes or groups within schools, according to local possibilities and demands.
(4) At the request of the parents or legal representatives of eight students belonging to the same minority group, it is compulsory to establish and run a minority class or group.
The extra costs of minority education in the mother tongue or 'bilingually' as provided for in Article 43 - in line with the provisions of the law - are to be met by the state as well as the municipal government.
(1) In the course of the legal regulation of education and higher education, the choice of the content and the structure of educational activity and the supervision of such activity, in line with this Act, cultural and educational interests corresponding to the cultural autonomy of minorities have to be enforced.
(2) To relieve the disadvantages of the Gypsy minority in the field of education specific educational conditions may be introduced.
(3) In educational institutions established for minorities in accordance with paras (3)-(4) of Article 43. (3)-(4) it will be ensured that students acquire a knowledge of their people, the history of their minority and its motherland, as well as its cultural traditions and values.
(1) Municipal governments and minority self-governments will co-operate in assessing the demand for minority education and in the organisation of such education.
(2) It is the duty of the state to train native teachers to provide education in the mother tongue or 'bilingually' to minorities.
(3) The state will ensure, also through international agreements, that members of minorities participate in full-time and part-time training, further training, and scientific training at foreign institutions which teach in the relevant minority language and foster that culture.
(4) To act in accordance with the provisions of par (2) the state shall support the employment in Hungary of visiting lecturers from the mother country or from the linguistic region of the minority concerned.
(5) If persons belonging to minorities pursue their studies in countries where there are universities, colleges and other educational institutions which run their courses in the mother tongue of that person and cultivate the culture of the community s/he belongs to, the degrees, diplomas and other certificates the student is awarded there - within the authority of applicable laws and international agreements - must be considered equivalent to the appropriate degrees, diplomas and certificates obtained in the Republic of Hungary.
A minority municipal government or a local minority self-government may assume control of an educational institution from another authority only if it can ensure the maintenance of the same standards of education. The amount of state subsidies granted to the institution transferred may not be reduced as a result of the transfer.
(1) Those who do not belong to the minority concerned may only study in educational institutions for minorities if the institutions still have places available after satisfying the needs of the minority. The admission of students (enrolment) will occur on the basis of regulations made public in advance.
(2) The teaching of the Hungarian language - carried out in as many classes as necessary and at the standard necessary to acquire the language - will also be ensured in educational institutions for minorities.
(3) In settlements where the Hungarian population - or the population of another national or ethnic minority - is in numerical minority, the mother tongue or bilingual education of children whose mother tongue is Hungarian or the other language will be guaranteed by the municipal government - in accordance with the provisions of the law.
(1) Minority organisations may engage in cultural activities and may establish - within the framework of applicable legislation - institutions, which may maintain international relations.
(2) The national self-government has the right to establish and maintain a minority theatre, museum/exhibition hall, public collection with a country-wide coverage, a library, publishing house, and a national cultural, arts, and scientific institute. It may apply for budget support for these purposes.
(3) A minority library system will ensure that the minority has access to the literature of its mother tongue.
(4) In settlements where no minority municipal government has been established, it is the obligation of the municipal government to provide the minority population with library material in their mother tongue.
(5) The right of acquisition of minority public collections does not extend to documents which must be transferred to archives in accordance with effective legislation governing archives.
(1) The state guarantees the compilation of textbooks and the provision of equipment necessary for minority education.
d) the performance of ceremonies related to the family rites of minorities in their mother tongue, and the religious activities of churches in the mother tongue of minorities.
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everybody may freely use his/her mother tongue wherever and whenever s/he wishes to do so. The conditions of the language use of minorities - in cases provided for by a separate law - must be guaranteed by the state.
(2) In the course of civil or criminal proceedings, or in administrative procedures the use of the mother tongue is ensured by the applicable procedural acts.
(1) In the National Assembly, MPs belonging to minorities may also use their mother tongue.
(2) On the board of representatives of the municipal government, a minority representative may also use his/her mother tongue. If the contribution is made in the language of a minority, the Hungarian translation of the contribution or a summary of its contents will be enclosed to the minutes of the meeting.
(3) If, from among the population of a settlement, there are people who belong to a minority, the minutes and resolutions of the board of representatives may also be recorded or worded in the mother tongue of the given minority - as well as appearing in Hungarian. In the event of disputes over the interpretation, the Hungarian version is deemed to be authentic.
c) signs bearing the names of settlements and streets, public offices, and companies undertaking public services, or announcements relating to their operations - in addition to the Hungarian wording and lettering, with the same content and form - may also be read in the mother tongue of the minority.
In settlements where there are people who belong to minorities, the local authorities will ensure that in the course of filling vacancies in local public services, candidates with a knowledge of the mother tongue of the given minority will be employed, provided that these people meet the general professional requirements.
(1) The state shall financially contribute to the enforcement of the rights of minorities in accordance with the provisions of paras (2)-(4).
b) the National Assembly shall ensure, in a proportion specified by itself, the operation of the governments of national or ethnic minorities, and support the operation of national or ethnic civil organisations.
(3) A public foundation shall be established to help preserve the identity of minorities living in Hungary, foster and pass on their traditions, preserve and develop their mother tongues, preserve their intellectual and material monuments, and promote activities aimed at diminishing the cultural and political disadvantages which derive from the fact that they belong to minorities.
(4) The provision of assistance by the public foundation is part of the public financing scheme targeted at minorities.
(1) The public foundation referred to in paras (3)-(4) of Article 55 shall be established by the Government of the Republic of Hungary under the name `Public Foundation for Hungarian National and Ethnic Minorities' (hereinafter `Public Foundation') with its headquarters in Budapest.
(2) The property of the Public Foundation comprises the assets transferred to it, and the financial assistance specified in the prevailing annual Central Budget Act.
c) one person appointed by each of the following: the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Culture and Education, the Children and Youth Co-ordination Council, and the President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
(4) The President of the Board of Trustees and the Head of the Office for National and Ethnic Minorities shall be one in the same person.
c) a person appointed by the Minister of Finance.
(6) The Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee shall be a person appointed by the Government official in charge of the supervision of the affairs of national and ethnic minorities.
(7) The Board of Trustees and the Supervisory Committee shall be appointed by the founder - from among the persons specified in paras (3)-(6).
Domestic and foreign organisations, foundations, and individuals may contribute to the aid provided to minorities. In cases of donations for the promotion of minority culture, the Government - in accordance with separate legislation - may offer partial or full exemption from customs duty.
The lawful use of subsidies provided by the State - in accordance with the regulations prescribed for the use of public funds - shall be supervised by the National Audit Office.
(1) The legal provisions concerning the property of municipal governments shall apply to the property of minority municipal governments - subject to the stipulations specified in this Act.
(1) The property - in the possession of the local municipal government on the territory under its authority - necessary for the minority self-government to perform its duties and exercise its authority shall be transferred for usage by the minority self-government. This transfer must not hinder the municipal government in performing its duties and exercising its authority.
(2) In order to ensure the operating conditions of individual national minority self-governments, the locally competent government must transfer a self-contained building, or part of a building with a net area of 150-300 square metres - with compensation by the state - within 3 months from their establishment, if the national minority self-government is established within two budgetary years from this Act coming into force.
(3) The general regulations of the provisions governing the property of self-governments shall apply to the right of use and to the transfer procedure.
c) whether, and in what proportion, the municipal government accepts responsibility for debts which have occurred during the implementation of the tasks and have not been settled from the property of the local minority self-government, in case if the local minority self-government has taken over, together with the property transferred, part of the tasks prescribed as legal obligation for the municipal government.
(4) As regards normative Government assistance, institutions operated by national minority self-governments shall be treated in the same way as non-Governmental institutions providing human services .
(5) Minority self-governments are entitled to normative Government assistance in accordance with the regulations concerning municipal governments. Minority self-governments shall have access to normative Government assistance through local municipal governments.
(1) The property of minority municipal governments, local minority self-governments and national minority self-governments (hereinafter 'minority governments') comprises all the fixed and movable assets transferred to their possession by legal entities, private persons, and natural persons under any legal title.
(2) Concerning the fixed or movable assets transferred, the minority government shall have the rights and duties of owners in accordance with the general regulations of property acquisition through transfer.
(3) Minority governments may participate in enterprises in which their liability does not exceed the total value of their own financial contribution.
(4) The exercise of the ownership rights minority governments are entitled to, falls within the exclusive authority of board sessions or the general assembly.
(5) If a local minority self-government terminates its activities, all of its movable and fixed assets will be transferred into the possession of the municipal government, which - should the former resume its activities - is obliged to provide the minority self-government with property of equal value.
(6) The municipal government is answerable for the debts of the local minority self-governments only incase if this has been explicitly accepted in an agreement passed between the two bodies and only to an extent specified in this agreement.
(1) In accordance with this Act the following ethnic groups qualify as ethnic groups native of Hungary: Bulgarian, Gypsy, Greek, Croatian, Polish, German, Armenian, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian and Ukrainian.
(2) If a minority other than those listed in par (1) wish to prove that they meet the requirements specified in this Act, they may submit a petition related to this subject to the Speaker of the National Assembly if supported by at least 1,000 voters who declare themselves members of this minority. In the course of this procedure the provisions of Act XVII of 1989 on Referendums and Petitions shall apply.
(3) Those national federations which are currently functioning shall decide independently whether to continue their operations, dissolve, or be transformed.
(4) a) The minority self-government of the capital city is elected by minority electors. Each district government representative who has been elected as minority representative is a minority elector; as are district minority self-government representatives, and electors elected for this special purpose.
b) If a minority does not have a minority self-government in any of the districts, upon the initiative of 10 voters who declare themselves members of the given minority, and who are residents of the capital city, an electoral meeting shall be convened. At the electoral meeting - in accordance with the provisions of paras (31) - (34) of the Act on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities - 9 representatives shall be elected from a short list. The election is deemed valid if, from among the participants of the electoral meeting who are resident in the capital city, a minimum of 100 voters cast valid votes for the short list. The minority representatives elected shall also perform the duties of the electors in the election of the national self-government of the given minority.
(1) The Government - with the involvement of the ministries and organs with nation-wide authority concerned, and in co-operation with the heads of county and capital city offices of public administration - shall assist the enforcement of the rights and special interests of minorities and arrange to ensure the conditions of this through the Office for National and Ethnic Minorities.
(2) The Government is obliged to set aside a sum of HUF 500-500 million under a `minority compensation fund' in the budget proposal for two budgetary years after this Act comes into force. It shall reimburse the verifiable losses of the given municipal governments which resulted from providing premises for the operation of national minority self-governments - and where necessary - of local minority self-governments. A committee shall be formed under the leadership of the President of the Office for National and Ethnic Minorities to evaluate claims for compensation. On the committee the fair representation of the minority and the organs of public administration concerned shall be guaranteed. The sum remaining unused in the "minority compensation fund" shall be allocated to national and ethnic minority purposes, primarily to support minority self-governments and minority educational and cultural institutions in crisis situation.
(3) The Government shall review the situation of minorities living in the Republic of Hungary at least once every two years, and submit a report to the National Assembly.
(1) The provisions of Act LXV of 1990 on Municipal Governments and other regulations concerning municipal governments shall apply in harmony with the provisions of this Act.
(3) The number of members of the General Assembly of the national minority self-government at its first convention shall be set by the Assembly of the electors at a number between 13 and 53.
(6) National minority self-governments may pass on a certain proportion of this property to local minority self-governments provided that it does not jeopardise the financial coverage of their own operations.
(1) This Act - with the exception of paras (2) and (3) of Article 20 - shall come into effect on the 90th day following its official announcement. A separate Act shall provide for the entry into force of paras (2) and (3) of Article 20.
(5) The Government is empowered to pass a decree containing the detailed regulations of the provisions related to the financial aspects of this Act.


text:
2 Oct 2016 - 16 Jan 2022
NOV DEC JAN
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last night HBO viewers were officially greeted (there was sneak preview last month) with a new series, David Milch's "Luck," based on the short story by William Faulkner. I did a piece on Milch's return to the channel and it is time to see what this show has to offer.
The first episode creatively named "Pilot," jumped right into the drama around the Santa Anita racetrack. In the opening scene, Chester "Ace" Bernstein (played by Dustin Hoffman) is picked up by his driver Gus (Dennis Farina) from prison, where he spent the last three years.
Being the headliner of the show, I was surprised at how little Hoffman was on screen, but that didn't take away from the episode, because it introduced us to a bunch of unique characters possible plotlines.
Like most pilot episodes, "Luck" gave its audience an introduction to the cast, setting and story developments. Nothing too noteworthy ever really happens because, first, we have to get a sense of emotional attachment to characters and situations, especially in a drama series.
For the average viewers, a lot of the dialogue might be difficult to understand. Since this show revolves around horseracing, we hear a lot about horses, training etiquette, and betting line ups (or claiming races). I found myself at the end of the episode looking up some of these definitions to get a better understanding of what was being said. The episode is based around a prize called the Pick Six, where someone has to be successful on six bets to win millions of dollars.
Oscar-nominated actor Nick Nolte plays Walter Smith, an over-the-hill horse owner, who feels he has one last gasp of fortune with a young steed. The most dialogue we get out of him is when he is telling inspirational stories to his young horse.
Michael Mann did a great job with his directing and some of his trademark editing and camera angles were prevalent. All of the following episodes will continue with this style (just like what Martin Scorsese did for "Boardwalk Empire").
This show kept my attention enough with its promising subplots and fantastic cast to keep me as a viewer for at least a couple of episodes.
Next week's episode can already be viewed on HBO Go, because not a lot of people will be watching with the Super Bowl being on next Sunday.


Aladdin Lamps reintroduced the Artichoke shaped glass shade in commemoration of the company's 100th Anniversary.
The perfect lamp shade for a brass table or student lamp! The cased green over opal provides an excellent, soft reading light.
This glass lamp shade will fit any lamp (electric, kerosene, coal oil, or oil) with a 10" shade support or shade ring.
10 inch fitter, hand-blown ruby red over opal, cased glass shade, 6 3/4 inch height www.p65warnings.ca.gov.


text:
Dreams Foundation, Inc.
About Nevada
Northern Nevada Area Profile
Located in the majestic Sierra Nevada mountains, the breathtaking Reno, Sparks, Lake Tahoe area is not your average vacation destination. From the arts to the cultural splendor, from the casinos to its unprecedented natural surroundings, Reno is a city rich in both tradition and fresh entertainment.
Minutes from world-famous Lake Tahoe, the Reno-Sparks community is surrounded by natural beauty and provides near-limitless recreational opportunities. The Reno, Sparks, Lake Tahoe region has over 18 downhill and cross-country ski resorts, including Squaw Valley, site of the VIII Winter Olympic Games in 1960. Many of these resorts are just a short 45-minutes from downtown Reno, and when it's not skis but golf clubs that are of interest, the area offers 40-plus golf courses.
The area also boasts 60 gaming locations, the National Bowling Stadium, the National Automobile Museum, Rancho San Rafael Park's Arboretum and Wilbur D. May Great Basin Adventure, the historic boomtown of Virginia City, and world-class fishing, hiking, biking and numerous other outdoor activities. The quality of life in the region is tough to beat.
At 4500-5000 feet altitude, the Reno area offers four distinct seasons with average temperature ranges in the winter from the 20's to summer highs in the 90's. Low humidity makes the cool days seem not so cold and the warm days not so hot. Rain is scarce, snow is certain; the sun shines 300+ days a year.
Consider the advantages of doing business in Reno, Sparks and Lake Tahoe: Nevada tax benefits (no corporate, personal income, unitary, inventory, or franchise tax), accessibility to western markets, transportation hub, abundance of available industrial/office/commercial space, advanced telecommunications infrastructure, business-friendly regulations, and high quality of life!
Reno/Sparks Economy
Reno's economy is principally based in the trade and service sector, with approximately 65% of the work force employed in these occupations. Although gaming and other recreational activities represent a significant portion of the growing economy and assessed valuation, the City is experiencing a gradual diversification of its business base with the expansion of distribution, warehousing, and manufacturing facilities. Approximately 25% of the workforce is employed in the fields of construction, manufacturing, transportation, communications, public utilities, and finance related services.
The Reno area is serviced by two major highways. Union Pacific railroad and a number of trucking and airline carriers make it possible to ship from Reno and Sparks to 80% of the 11 western states on a next-day basis.
Nevada's combination of no corporate or personal income tax and its right-to-work laws contributed to the state's tremendous growth in the 1990's and into the 2000's. In 2005, Inc. Magazine named Reno No. 1 on its list of the "Best Places to Do Business in America," based on job growth figures among 274 metropolitan areas.
In addition to the accomplishments of the Economic Development Authority of Western Nevada in bringing new business to Northern Nevada, the City of Reno Economic and Redevelopment Agency has begun both entertainment and housing projects in the City's downtown sector.
Over thirty million dollars ($30,000,000.00) of City and one billion dollars ($1,000,000,000.00) in private/other public investment has been made in downtown Reno to modernize and beautify the infrastructure and facilities. A maintenance district was established to ensure that the downtown area will remain clean and beautiful. The City also established a police district downtown to ensure a safer environment.
Reno/Sparks is home to the Annual Televised PGA Tour Event Reno/Tahoe Open, Hot August Nights, Reno Rodeo, Reno Championship Air Races, Great Reno Balloon Races, The National Bowling Stadium, Shakespeare at Lake Tahoe, and remains home to The Reno Aces AAA Baseball Team. Other popular annual events that draw out-of-state visitors include the Cinco de Mayo Celebration, The Great Italian Festival, Street Vibrations, and Burning Man — the counterculture festival held in the Black Rock Desert 90 miles north of Reno/Sparks.
Reno/Sparks/Tahoe is the cultural center of the Sierra's. The arts are alive with the area's own Philharmonic Orchestra, Chamber Orchestra, and the annual UNR Jazz Festival. One of the area's most successful events is Artown, which has grown in to one of the largest visual and performing festivals in the country owing to the variety, quantity and quality of the events that take place during the entire month of July.
Reno/Sparks/Tahoe's natural beauty and its distinctive four season climate combine to offer almost every type of recreational activity. The majestic Sierra Nevada mountains form the western boundary of the Truckee Meadows feature our Downhill and Cross-Country skiing resorts, while at the right times of the year, fishing, sailing, swimming, hiking, biking, camping and horse-back riding are all exceptional activity options, and less than half an hour away in the numerous mountains or desert lakes surrounding the Reno/Sparks/Tahoe area.
For event location and details, visit www.VisitRenoTahoe.com.
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Arrowcreek Country Club
2905 Arrowcreek Pkwy
golfarrowcreek.com
Montreux Golf & Country Club
16475 Bordeaux Drive
montreuxgolf.com
Thunder Canyon
19 Lightning W Ranch Rd
thundercanyon.com
Hidden Valley Country Club
3575 E. Hidden Valley
hvccreno.com
The Private Club at Redhawk
6295 Wingfield Springs
redhawkgolfandresort.com
Somersett Country Club
2019 Championship Trail
Somersettgolfandcountryclub.com
Lakeridge Golf Course
1218 Golf Club Drive
lakeridgegolf.com
Sierra Sage Golf Course
6355 Silver Lake Rd, Reno
sierrasagegolf.org
Washoe County Golf Course
2601 Foley Way
washoegolf.org
Wolf Run Golf Club at Fieldcreek
1400 Wolf Run Rd, Reno
wolfrungolfclub.com
Wildcreek Golf Course
3500 Sullivan Lane
wildcreekgolf.com
The Reno / Lake Tahoe region has a wide variety of top cross-country skiing areas, downhill ski resorts, and snow play areas. Sprinkled around the Lake Tahoe area, these winter sports areas are blessed with abundant snow, excellent accommodations, and easy access from Reno, Sacramento, and the Bay Area. In addition to downhill and cross-country skiing, winter sports opportunities include snowshoeing.
Tahoe Donner Snow Play Area- (530) 587-9437 – 11509 Northwood in Truckee
Squaw Valley USA- (530) 425-4000 – south of Truckee on Highway 89
Soda Springs Snow Park- (530) 426-3901 – I80 at Soda Springs exit
Sugar Bowl Sledding & Snow Play – (530) 426-9000 – I80 at Soda Springs exit
Northstar at Tahoe – (530) 562-2013 – south of Truckee on Highway 267
Adventure Peak and Heavenly Lake Tahoe- (775) 586-7000 – South Lake Tahoe
Boreal's Tubing Park – (530) 426–3666 – I80 at Donner Summit
Hansen's Resort- (530) 544-3361 – South Lake Tahoe
Granlibakken's Sledhill- (800) 543-3221 – Tahoe City, west shore Lake Tahoe
Kingvale Sledding and Tubing Park – (916) 622-6654 – I80 at Kingvale exit
Woodward Tahoe – (530) 426-1114 – 19749 Boreal Ridge – Soda Springs
521 Gordon Avenue
©2018 Reno/Tahoe Realty Group, LLC. All Right Reserved.


David LaChapelle, the great American artist and photographer, comes back, after more than fifteen year, at Palazzo delle Esposizioni with one of the most important and exhaustive retrospective.
Rome has been a milestone in the artistic life of David LaChapelle. In 2006, during a journey in Italy, the artist has the chance of a private visit of the Sistine Chapel; his artistic sensibility is so unsettled by the beauty and power of Roman art that those elements give the ultimate drive to the necessity of a change of his artistic production.
Until then LaChapelle prefers that his photos would be published on fashion magazines and books, without critical texts. The goal has never been to restrict to the mere picture, but to reach the broader audience as possible – this is the way to be a pop artist – and lead the lecture of his work on emotional shock level.
LaChapelle pushed his aesthetics to the limit, but in 2006 walked out on the scene. He turned away from worldliness in order to live in a wild island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean "I said what I wanted to say".
The exhibition will focus on the works realized by the artist starting from 2006, when he produces the monumental series titled "The Deluge", which leads to a meaningful turning point in the artistic path of David LaChapelle.
Through the realization of "The Deluge", modeled after Michelangelo's impressive fresco in the Sistine Chapel, the artist returns to conceiving works with the unique purpose to exhibit in art galleries and in museums. A work that is not commissioned and destined to the pages of a fashion magazine or an advertising campaign. After "The Deluge", the American photographer begins to produce artwork with new aesthetical and conceptual concerns.
The most evident sign of the change is the vanishing of the human presence in the serial works: the living models, that in all the previous works (the only exception is "The Electric Chair", 2001, personal interpretation of Andy Warhol's famous artwork) have had a central part in the composition and in the message embodied by the image, disappear. The "Car Crash", "Negative Currencies", "The Earth Laughs in Flowers", "Gas Stations", "Land Scapes", up to the most recent "Aristocracy" series, follow this new aesthetic choice: LaChapelle resoundingly deletes the flesh, what was the previously identifiable element of his art.
To allow the public to know the "origins" of LaChapelle work before "The Deluge", the exhibition will also include a selection of some of the most renowned and loved photos that made him famous, realized during the decade between 1995 and 2005. A body of work that will gather all the portraits of celebrities, from music to fashion and movies, scenes based on religious themes with surrealistic touches, references to masterpieces of art history and cinema, an artistic production defined by the chromatic saturation and movement, with which the American photographer reached his particular aesthetical style and influenced many artists of the following generations.
In the exhibition there will also be a projection space dedicated to the backstage videos, which, describing the composite process of photo sets construction, clearly reveal as that the artist's role is extended also to direction and scenic design of his own photos.
// Al Palazzo delle Esposizioni torna dopo oltre quindici anni il grande artista fotografo americano David LaChapelle con una delle più importanti e vaste retrospettive a lui dedicate. Saranno infatti esposte circa 150 opere di cui alcune totalmente inedite, altre presentate per la prima volta in un museo e molte di grande formato.
Roma è stata una città fondamentale nella carriera artistica di LaChapelle. Nel 2006 infatti, durante un soggiorno nella Capitale, l'artista ha occasione di visitare privatamente la Cappella Sistina; la sua sensibilità artistica è scossa dalla bellezza e dalla potenza dell'arte romana che danno il definitivo impulso alla necessità di imprimere una svolta alla sua produzione. Fino ad allora LaChapelle ha preferito che le sue foto viaggiassero sulle pagine di riviste di moda e di cataloghi senza testi. L'obiettivo non è mai stato fermarsi alla mera illustrazione, ma raggiungere un pubblico quanto più vasto possibile – è questo il suo modo di essere un artista pop – e portare la lettura dell'opera sul piano dello shock emotivo.
LaChapelle ha spinto la sua estetica fino al limite, ma nel 2006 è uscito di scena. Ha voltato le spalle alla mondanità per ritirarsi a vivere in un'isola selvaggia, nel mezzo del Pacifico: "Ho detto quello che volevo dire".
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text:
Q: Como fazer um sorteio de palavras e das letras, ao clicar no botão iniciar? Olá alguém pode me ajudar? Então eu preciso fazer um sorteio de palavras que estão no Array e um sorteio das lavras dessas palavras, toda vez que o usuário clicar no botão iniciar, que esta na tabela.
Agradeço desde já!!
SCRIPT
//chamar no onclick cada div (DEU CERTO O CLICK)
$(document).ready(function() {
  $('div[id^=num]', 'table').click(function() {
    var id = $(this).attr("id");
    //aqui está apresentado o elemento da id
    //alert(document.getElementById(id).innerHMTL);
  });
});
//BIBLIOTECA DE PALAVRAS
var palavras = new Array();
palavras[0] = "escola";
palavras[1] = "casa";
palavras[2] = "inverno";
palavras[3] = "macaco";
palavras[4] = "estudantes";

alert("Eu sou um alert!");

var p = new Array();

function tempo() {
  setTimeout("tempo()", 1000);
  itempo++;
}
/*
                -------------------
                SORTEIO,
                essa funcao eh chamada
                todas as vezes que o jogador
                iniciar ou terinar a jogada.
                -------------------  */
var numero = [];
var i;

function numero_aleatorio() {
  while (numero.length < 4) {
    var aleatorio = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);

    if (numeros.indexoOf(aleatorio) == -1) numero.push(aleatorio);
  }
}
/*-------------------
JOGAR -
inicia uma jogada.
quando o usuario clica em uma das
letras ele irá para a outra coluna */

function jogar(letra) {
  var nome = palavras[iconte].toUpperCase();
  nome.split("");
  var erroSim = 0;
  var coleta = "";
}

HTML

<input type="button" onclick='teste(this.value)'>

    Dica:

    Tempo

     <button>Iniciar</button>

    <button>Sair</button>

    Informações: As Letras da palavras, estão embaralhada; Tem 40 segundos para escrever corretamente; O tempo acabou e não conseguiu escrever, perdeu; terminou antes do tempo, mas a palavra está errada, perdeu;

    Respostas:

A: Você pode usar a função Math.random para selecionar um valor aleatório com base no tamanho total do array/String. No exemplo abaixo utilizei apenas uma função para selecionar os valores aleatórios:

const randomizar = opcoes => opcoes[Math.floor(Math.random() * opcoes.length)];

const embaralhar = (opcoes) => {
  return opcoes
    .split('')
    .map((a) => ({ sort: Math.random(), value: a }))
    .sort((a, b) => a.sort - b.sort)
    .map(a => a.value)
    .join('');
};

// Utilização

const palavras = ['escola', 'casa', 'inverno', 'macaco', 'estudantes'];

const palavra = randomizar(palavras);
const letra = randomizar(palavra);
const embaralhado = embaralhar(palavra);

console.log('palavra', palavra);
console.log('letra', letra);
console.log('embaralhado', embaralhado);

Adicionei também uma função que embaralha as letras de uma palavra.

A: Então amigo, eu sempre faço uns testes desse tipo aí. Eu faço da seguinte maneira:

function sorteando(){
   let palavras = ["escola","casa","inverno","macaco","estudantes"];
   let sorteio = Math.floor(Math.random()*palavras.length);
   console.log(palavras[sorteio]);
}

var botao = document.getElementById("sortear");
botao.addEventListener("click",sorteando);
<button id="sortear">Sortear</button>

Assim irá sortear uma das palavras no array. Bom eu entendi que era isso que vc desejava fazer. Boa sorte!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You live in the city? Well, the safest thing is that the only exterior space you have in your home is a balcony . In fact, it is most likely a balcony with a few square meters. It is not that we are fortune-tellers, it is that it is the most usual in current homes. Of course, although this is the case, you have no excuse not to decorate it. And is that even the narrowest and smallest balconies can look spectacular by adding some decorative details.
No matter how small, if you have a balcony at home we recommend that you do not hesitate to decorate it as if it were a small miniature room, because if you optimize it to your liking, during the next months you will be able to enjoy a quality time in the air free without having to leave home. In addition, we are sure that you will love being able to go out to your balcony to have breakfast, to read the newspaper or to drink something at nightfall. To show you what is possible to achieve in a small outdoor space, today we are going to show you a lot of images of charming balconies. In addition, we will take the opportunity to give you some interesting tips and ideas. Would you like to join us?
Believe it or not, the options for decorating charming balconies are numerous. Of course, your options will be subject to both the space available and the shape of your balcony. In any case, with a little imagination you will always find useful ideas. To achieve a balcony with style, the most important thing is that you do not leave aside any factor. For example, you should not neglect the soil, which you must choose conscientiously. A good alternative is to cover it with wood , either natural or synthetic. Also, you should know that more and more people are choosing to cover the pavement with artificial turf. And if your floor is deteriorated or you do not like it, you can always cover it with a nice carpet. Of course, remember to choose a model designed for outdoor.
If your balcony is very small, it is best to dispense with any piece of furniture. Of course, if you have enough space to put a seat and a small table, we recommend that you do not hesitate to do so. In this sense, a good option is to opt for folding furniture, which will allow you to take full advantage of the square meters. Another alternative is to opt for a hammock or lounger in which to be able to sunbathe and relax. And if your balcony is not very small, you can also choose large benches or chairs accompanied by a low table. Actually, you must choose the pieces depending on the use you are going to give the space.
Your balcony will not be complete if you do not add your personal touch. For example, you can add touches of color through the rugs that we mentioned before, the cushions, the vases, the pots, plaids … Of course, if you want a colorful balcony, you can also choose pieces of furniture in bright colors or paint the handrail of a funny hue. Of course, it is also a good idea to add plants and flowers. Finally, we want to remind you that you can not forget the exterior lighting. You can choose to place a lamp on the ceiling or on the wall, as well as more decorative alternatives: garlands, lanterns, candles … Then we leave you with our gallery, where, as we promised at the beginning, we show you a lot of images of charming balconies. Surely they will inspire you when decorating this area of your home.


text:
» Home » News » Newsevent940?id=940
Church and Society Commission speaks out against racism
The Church and Society Commission of the Church of Ireland has, following its consideration of the Black Lives Matter movement and issues of racism and related injustices on the island of Ireland, issued the following statement:
'The current phase of this global movement was sparked by the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in the United States on 25th May 2020. His bereaved family and the families of others who have died or who have been injured in this cause deserve our prayerful remembrance.
'The movement has brought to the fore the fact that racism permeates so many aspects of society. The stories emerging of the experiences of black people and other people of ethnic minority has been a salutary lesson for us all.
'The African slave trade was a shameful period in Western society. We celebrate the fact that Christians such as William Wilberforce (1759-1833) and in Ireland people such as Thomas Russell (1767-1803) and William Drennan (1754-1820) campaigned against it and were instrumental in its abolition. However, we must recognise that many Christians were involved in this trade either actively or as investors, and that many opposed its abolition. We lament the fact that Churches often provided biblical and theological justification for this evil trade. There has been conscious and unconscious racism in our Church and in society as a whole, and we need to hear and address constructively the issues and concerns raised by black people and other ethnic minorities.
'Sometimes evidence of this hidden history lies behind statues and monuments, some of which are in churches. As we become more aware of this, we hope to ensure that this aspect of history is appropriately recorded and acknowledged within the context of each monument.
'Racism is still with us. As Ireland, North and South, becomes more racially diverse and inclusive, we are appalled by outbreaks of racist attacks, insults and discrimination which occur all too frequently. We stand against such attacks and insults and we encourage church and other locally-based initiatives which provide welcome and support to all black and other ethnic minority individuals in our society, as part of our Christian witness.'


text:
Talk of reparations at St. Maarten Emancipation Day lecture
PHILIPSBURG, St. Maarten, July 14, 2015 (AMG) — The Prime Minister of Dutch St. Maarten, Marcel Gumbs, has made what might be the first direct statement on reparations by a leader of government in St-Martin/St Maarten – an island split in ownership between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and France.
Speaking at a recent Emancipation Day lecture, Prime Minister Gumbs noted that the movement for reparatory justice was gaining momentum with greater focus than ever before in the Caribbean region. "The Government and People of St. Maarten would be out of step with the history and progress of this dynamic region, if we do not pay close attention to the historical, socio-economic, political, and legal discussions and proposals about reparations – as it relates to the sovereign countries and the territories in the Caribbean, and the European countries concerned, including the Netherlands," said Prime Minister Gumbs.
The Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Dr. Ralph Gonsalves, delivered the Emancipation Day lecture, organized by the Independence for St. Martin Foundation. Gumbs commented that the lecture was about "enhancing the awareness in St. Maarten about the various positions on reparations," calling Prime Minister Gonsalves a learned, courageous, and steadfast frontline advocate of reparations in the Caribbean region.
The Emancipation Day lecture has become part of the island's "emancipation season", as author Lasana M. Sekou and cultural activist Shujah Reiph call the period from May 27 to July 1. The official Emancipation observation in Marigot and Philipsburg is linked respectively to the French and Dutch proclamations of May 1848 and July 1863, though the enslaved people on both parts of the island realized their freedom from slavery in 1848.
Image Credit- Dr. Rhoda Arrindell
Working with Caribbean media partners, we go behind the news to deliver impartial, evidence-based reports on issues that impact residents, governments and investors in over 21 Caribbean territories.
PUBLISHED — July 14, 2015
Category: CARICOM & Foreign Policy
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News, Our Experts
Baby with Rare Condition Undergoes Expert, Life-Saving Surgery at CHOC
April 14, 2017 CHOC Children's
Lizette Lough, experiencing a seemingly normal pregnancy, was making final preparations to welcome her first baby, when her water unexpectedly broke at 33 weeks. She was rushed to San Antonio Regional Hospital in Upland, close to home, where her son Landon was born early on May 3, 2016.
After a few days in the hospital, Lizette and her husband Sean noticed the baby had not made a bowel movement. Tests revealed that Landon had an obstruction in his intestine. His physician recommended Landon be transferred immediately to CHOC for an emergency surgery with Dr. Peter Yu, a pediatric general and thoracic surgeon.
"My husband and I lost it," Lizette says. "Our baby was only three days old and weighed about 4 pounds. The thought of surgery was beyond frightening."
Upon arrival at CHOC, the Loughs were immediately made to feel at home by the staff, who helped them find a nearby hotel. Dr. Yu explained every scenario of the complex surgery in a compassionate and confident manner, the Loughs recall.
Dr. Peter Yu, pediatric general and thoracic surgeon at CHOC.
"Landon was in stable condition when he arrived at CHOC, and I'm very pleased that our expert transport team was able to get him here quickly and safely. If there had been a delay in transfer, Landon could have become very sick and it's very possible that more of his intestine could have died. If that would've happened, he may not have had enough bowel to adequately digest food, which can be incompatible with life," Dr. Yu says.
Landon was diagnosed with jejunal atresia, a rare condition – approximately 1 in 5,000 births – in which the small intestine is incompletely developed, leading to one or more gaps, or blockages, in the intestinal tract.
Lizette had gone through the required genetic tests prior to Landon's birth, and jejunal atresia – often diagnosed prenatally – was not detected.
Additionally, Landon had malrotation of his intestines, which failed to coil in the proper position in the abdomen. This led to twisting of his bowel. If surgery had been delayed for longer, Landon could have died.
Landon's surgery involved making an incision on his abdomen, examining the entire length of his intestine and untwisting it, removing the dead bowel, stitching together his small intestine, and performing a Ladd's procedure. A Ladd's procedure places the intestines back into the abdomen in a safe configuration to prevent future twisting of the bowel.
Landon, recovering in CHOC's surgical NICU.
Sean, who works as a law enforcement officer, recalls how traumatic this was for his family. "I'm used to working in stressful situations, but this was a different kind of stress," he says. "We were so happy that our baby had a successful surgery and that he was better. However, we were still waiting for him to have his first bowel movement. We were trying to stay positive."
After his first bowel movement indicated that his intestines were recovering well, and spending about a month in CHOC's surgical NICU, Landon was finally able to go home with his family.
"It takes a team to successfully care for sick babies and complex patients," Dr. Yu explains. "Landon would not have had the excellent outcome that he had without our wonderful neonatologists, experienced and skilled pediatric anesthesiologists, Melissa Powell, our dedicated surgical neonatal nurse practitioner, and the outstanding NICU nurses who have dedicated their lives to taking care of newborn babies such as Landon and countless others. Together, we have the only dedicated surgical NICU in the area, with a special focus on taking care of newborns with surgical problems."
Landon today at 11 months.
Thanks to the expert multidisciplinary care provided at CHOC, today Landon is a happy baby, meeting all his milestones. The Loughs are enjoying their brave little boy, and look forward to his first birthday next month.
"Dr. Yu, as well as the nurses in the NICU, were so empathetic and amazing. They saw us through so much throughout our stay and we will forever be thankful," Lizette says.
Learn more about surgical services at CHOC.
Dr. Peter Yupediatric surgerypeter-yu-mdsurgical nicusurgical services


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Every business will at one time or another experience a situation that could potentially impact its reputation, operations, and financial stability. In these fast-paced digital times, the speed at which stories and issues can unfold is phenomenal. We've seen the rise of citizen journalists who can take photos and videos of incidents on their mobile devices to send instantly to media organisations. Lobby groups and individuals can now report their grievances through social and traditional media more quickly and with greater intensity than ever before severely damaging businesses.
The advice I'm giving here is generic. It's not intended to fill all needs but outline options for if and when you are in the midst of a PR storm. Be aware of other issues, including legal and financial consequences, must be taken into consideration at this critical time.
What is a PR crisis?
When a situation arises which is perceived to be a PR crisis or possible crisis the first reaction should be for the business head or next in line to confirm all facts relating to the incident and select a Crisis Management Response Team (CMRT). Even if you are a solo entrepreneur, you're going to want and need advisors, whether that be PR, legal or both.
A CMRT meeting should be held as soon as possible after you become aware of the incident and also include anyone who can provide insight into how the disaster unfolded, such as a witness or employees.
Ensure everyone is aware of the seriousness of the situation, short and long-term consequences.
Establish if an external expert needs to be called in to consult on the crisis.
Identify who may criticise the business publicly.
Develop an action plan around what to say and how to inform your stakeholders, e.g. clients or customers and suppliers plus media.
• Treat the media at all times respectfully.
• Tell the journalist they're not authorised to comment on behalf of the business.
• Take the journalist's details and tell them you'll arrange for a call back as soon as possible.
• Immediately tell the appropriate supervisor of the query.
• Avoiding giving information to the media as "off the record" or even say "no comment". Treat any information or comment to journalists as going to be used in coverage, even if given in confidence.
All of your frontline staff should receive basic training on the points listed above even before a PR crisis because often the first you'll hear about it will be from a journalist seeking a comment.
• Holding statement (see below) or press release.
• In person interview or media conference.
"We confirm that (state the nature of the incident) occurred at (state place) at (state time). This incident is being investigated and dealt with at the moment by (who). We'll issue a full statement at the earliest possible time. We appreciate your co-operation on this matter. For further media information contact (details of public relations officer).
When a crisis happens, there'll be minimal time for training, so its best to ensure all potential spokespeople are given media training in your organisation. This training should include information sessions on how the media operates along with role-playing and interview practice.
A business involved in a public relations crisis must understand it will be highly emotive and the media can be relentless in their pursuit of someone to blame. It is vital everyone stays calm, works together, anticipates likely worst-case scenario interview questions and assists the spokesperson prepare answers to what could be a media onslaught.
• Can you tell us what happened?
• Who is to responsible for what happened?
• How long have you known about the problem?
• How could you have not known about the problem?
• Why didn't you act earlier to prevent the situation?
• How much will this situation impact your business?
• Do you admit negligence?
• Do you admit you were at fault?
• What are you doing to help those affected?
For many of these questions, especially those that may have legal implications such as around negligence and admitting fault, public relations and legal advisors must together to determine appropriate ways for the spokesperson to answer.
To add to this post, I've also asked colleague Publicity Genie founder Annette Densham for some of her tips. Annette is also a highly experienced journalist with stints across various leading media organisations, including The Australian newspaper.
Annette's number one tip is to remember a public relations crisis can be extremely stressful.
"My biggest advice is to make sure you have emotional support because you'll need someone you can trust and let your feelings out in confidence," she says.
However, Annette warns about acting emotionally during the crisis.
"You don't want a knee-jerk reaction so think through the worst-case scenarios about what they can say about you or your business then work out a response.
If you look at the news on a daily basis, you will see individual public figures political parties, companies, schools, health care providers and yes smaller businesses too dealing with a PR crisis. Unfortunately, we can't make you immune from criticism, but help guide you to "weather the storm".


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Isa Lei (original name was Taiparu)
Posted on July 30, 2013 by Alan Houghton - waitematawoodys.com founder
Details & photos from Ann Hood (owner of Avanti) & Ken Rickitts
Isa Lei was Ann's parents boat & she was built in 1946/47 by Lidgards & was one of 2 identical boats — the other is 'Wakatere'. The only visible difference is, that the Wakatere had a dodger from new & Isa Lei didn't . They both had that unique shaped tuck, the streamlined bow porthole frames.
When she was built, she had the name on gold leaf in script, slanting up at an angle on the combings — (from the side deck line towards the cabin top if you like), after of the last window between the window & where the combings curved down to the cockpit.
Isa Lei was owned for a period in the 80s by a couple who lived in Wheturangi Rd Green Lane, called Jack & Isobel Lucas (the battery people, lived in Panmure) & Ken Rickitts first meet Jack in the early 1980's, when he pulled in to Mansion House Bay, one day on his way to Auckland with the boat from Whangarei, where he has just bought & taken delivery of her, from the previous owners, Helen & Jim Somner, who had had her for a number of years.
Ann says the small photo has a date on the back of 09.01.64 and believes this is when the Somner family owned her. The photos of her in blue were as her parents found her in Bowentown. She was hauled out quickly at Opua on arrival and then at the BOI Yacht Club for the work. The man doing the recaulking is Keith Edwards
Ann thinks that her Mum and Dad "filled in" the flying bridge and remembers spending hours stripping and sanding the pilot light mast and vhf mast and also sanding the Kauri for her nameplate.
Photos are a montage over the last 70 years. Some pretty, some not…. 🙂
Harold Kidd Update
ISA LEI was built as TAIPARU (not TAUPARU) by Lidgard Bros at the Western Reclamation, Auckland for J. Carlton of Sunny Bay, Kawau and launched on 7th December 1939 with a 6 cylinder 90hp Graymarine petrol engine. In 1946 she was owned by C. Pryce Jones. I H McRae owned her in 1953 and it was he who changed her name to ISA LEI. Roughly 1954 to 1975 she was owned by Lloyd and Jim Somner etc etc.
I think her sistership was WAKATERE which spent a lot of her life in Tauranga.
This entry was posted in 1930's, Launches and tagged Isa Lei, Lidgard, Taiparu, Wakatere by Alan Houghton - waitematawoodys.com founder. Bookmark the permalink.
11 thoughts on "Isa Lei (original name was Taiparu)"
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KEN RICKETTS on January 5, 2014 at 7:18 am said:
Which boat was on Trade Me Wakatere or Taiparu > Isa Lei?
Alan H - waitematawoodys on October 14, 2013 at 11:07 pm said:
Great photos Nathan – I love the Kotanui selection. I was talking to the current owner Peter S. at Milford this afternoon, Kotanui is about to slide back into the creek after 9 weeks on the hard at MCC getting a big makeover.
Nathan Herbert on October 14, 2013 at 3:38 pm said:
Photo from our 'duds' http://i926.photobucket.com/albums/ad109/nathherbie/img024_zps1d23c179.jpg there will be better ones in an album somewhere. Early 60s?
mike on August 22, 2013 at 2:39 pm said:
was recently for sale on trademe 25,000 ?
Harold on August 1, 2013 at 9:41 am said:
WAKATERE was lengthened to 39'6″ (probably by Lidgards) almost immediately after launching by her first owner, the well-known truck wrecker and repairer Ray Vincent. She went into service with NAPS in 1942-3 with Ray as skipper carrying the number Z27. In the early 60s she was owned in Tauranga by P D Simmonds still with a 90hp Graymarine, probably the one originally fitted, but possibly a screaming jimmy put in by NAPS at the Dockyard.
Alan H - waitematawoodys on July 30, 2013 at 11:50 pm said:
Ken Rickitts advised that Wakatere was owned for a number of years by the people who looked after Great Mercury Island in the 1950s era & was their transport, — in later years she was on her owners property in Te Atatu for at least the last 10 years up until circa 2005 having a slow, massive refit & probably still owns her.
Ann Hood on July 30, 2013 at 12:17 pm said:
Boat in photo with the four guys is "North Star" owned at the time by Keith Edwards
Alan H - waitematawoodys on July 30, 2013 at 10:54 am said:
More photos just added
Harold on July 30, 2013 at 10:08 am said:


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