An electronic chinical thermometer has a probe including a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor which are controlled to make measurements at specified time intervals. The measured values are used in solving the equation of heat conduction to estimate the temperature of an internal body position. A heater may be included to preheat a body part in order to reduce the time required for measurement. The probe may use two temperature sensors to measure temperatures at two body surface positions through insulating members which are different in thermal conductivity.
This invention relates to an electronic thermometer for estimating the temperature at an inner position of a live body based on temperature data taken on the body surface. More particularly, the invention relates to such an electronic thermometer using an equation of thermal conduction for making such an estimate.
When a conventional clinical thermometer such as a mercury thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a body by having it held under an arm or the tongue, the thermometer must be kept in that position until a thermal equilibrium is reached between the internal body position of interest and the surface temperature.
Japanese Patent Hei7-119656 B2 disclosed a method of using an equation for estimating the change in temperature while reaching an equilibrium and regarding such an equilibrium temperature as the body temperature.
It is desirable, however, to measure the internal body temperature of a patient directly. International Patent Publication WO-9850766 disclosed an electronic thermometer based on the method published in "Engineering of Heat Conduction" (at page 90) by Masahiro Shoji (published by Tokyo University). According to this method, temperatures are measured at two different positions and the temperature at a third position outside the region of the two positions is estimated. What is desired, however, is an electronic thermometer for measuring not a surface temperature but an inner temperature.
If the measurement cannot be taken until a thermal equilibrium is reached between the surface and inner temperatures, it takes as long as 10 minutes until the measurement can be taken. This wait time can be reduced by a method of estimating the inner temperature from the manner in which temperature changes to reach the equilibrium, but it still takes about 90 seconds. This method cannot fully take into account individual variations among patients or environmental changes.
As for the method according to International Patent Publication WO-9850766, the solution is unstable because the equation to be solved is non -linear and an accurate solution cannot be obtained without the help of a high -power computer, and a long computer time will be wasted.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an electronic clinical thermometer capable of accurately and quickly estimate the internal body temperature of a live body by measuring real-time external temperature values directly and calculating the temperature at the desired internal body position by solving an equation of thermal conduction and using the results of such measurements.
In view of the above and other objects of this invention, the temperature on an external surface of a live body is measured directly on real time according to this invention and the body temperature at a normally inaccessible internal position of the body is estimated on the basis of values thus obtained. For this purpose, an equation of thermal conduction is used in reverse, Such an equation is solved as a lower-order equation such as a first-order differential equation including measurable physical quantities such as the body surface temperature and the thermal flux as variables. The desired internal temperature is then estimated by directly measuring these physical quantities. If as many different measured quantities are obtained as there are variables, the internal temperature can be obtained accurately and quickly by solving simultaneous first-order equations.
An electronic clinical thermometer embodying this invention may be characterized as comprising a temperature sensor for measuring temperature, a heat flow sensor disposed proximally to the temperature sensor for measuring heat flow at nearly the same position where the temperature sensor measures temperature, a controller for controlling the temperature sensor and the heat flux sensor to make measurements with them at a specified time interval, a memory for storing values measured by the temperature sensor and the heat flow sensor, and a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position on the measured values of temperature and heat flow.
In order to solve the equation of thermal conduction in reverse to estimate the temperature at a specified internal body position, various physical quantities may be selected for measurement. According to this invention, temperature and heat flux at approximate the same places are selected as the physical quantities for this purpose. By measuring these physical quantities for a plurality of times at a specified interval, or specified intervals, different sets of measured quantities can be obtained, and these obtained quantities can be used to solve the equation of thermal condition and estimate the target temperature at the specified internal position of a body. In the above, the heat flux sensor is a device for measuring the quantity of heat which flows through a unit area per unit time and includes devices that calculate the heat flux from other physical quantities.
It is advantageous to place the temperature and heat flux sensors proximally to each other such that the thermometer can be made compact. If the sensor part including these sensors can be made compact, its heat capacity is reduced, and since quicker changes in temperature can be generated, the time required for the measurement can be reduced.
It is also preferable to dispose the temperature and heat flux sensors on a thermally insulating member because the effects of heat movement not from the body being measured can thus be eliminated or at least reduced such that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, a heater is provided in the thermometer. If the temperature difference is great between the target body for measurement and the environmental temperature, for example, the temperature of the part of the body through which heat travels from the internal target position to the sensors may be heated by the heater such that measurements can be taken with the temperature differences inside the body reduced. In this manner, the temperature changes inside the body become stabilized and more accurate measurements become possible. The time required for the measurement can also be reduced. If a thermally insulating member is introduced between the heater and the sensors, a stable heat gradient can be formed between the heater and the sensors such that the temperature and heat flux sensors are placed in a more suitable temperature condition for the measurement and hence that more accurate measurements are possible.
Another thermometer embodying this invention may be characterized as having two (first and second) temperature sensors each for measuring temperature, a first thermally insulating member disposed between the first temperature sensor and a target body to be measured, a second thermally insulating member having a different thermal conductivity and being disposed between the second temperature sensor and the target body, a controller for controlling these temperature sensors to make measurements at specified time intervals, a memory for storing first measured values obtained by the first temperature sensor and second measured values obtained by the second temperature sensor, and a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position from the first and second measured values. In this embodiment, the physical quantities to be measured are temperatures at two different points contacting thermally insulating members having different thermal conductivity values. If these physical quantities are measured at specified intervals and different sets of measured values are obtained, they can be used to solve the equations for thermal conduction and to calculated the temperature of an internal target position inside the body. Other physical quantities such as coefficient of thermal conduction and specific heat may be measured. Two insulating members with same conductivity may be used if, for example, they are different in thickness. In a thermometer according to this embodiment of the invention, too, it may be advantageous to include a heater for reasons described above.
Still another electronic clinical thermometer embodying this invention ma y be characterized as comprising a constant-temperature heater for heating to a specified temperature, a temperature sensor for measuring temperature, a controller for controlling the temperature sensor and the constant-temperature heater to make measurements at specified time intervals, a memory for storing the specified temperature and measured values obtained by the temperature sensor, and a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position from the specified temperature and the measured values. The constant-temperature heater in this case is used to prepare a body part which is heated thereby and stays at this specified temperature. It is possible to thus solve the equation of heat conduction by measuring the temp erature at another body position.
In all these thermometers according to different embodiments of this invention, a prove may be formed for making contact to a body part in a planar shape or in an elongated shape of a bar such that even an infant can easily keep it in position in a stable manner.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of a patient's body for explaining the principle of heat conduction.
Fig. 2 is an external plan view of an electronic thermometer embodying the invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the thermometer of Fig. 2 taken along line 3-3.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram for showing the circuit structure of the thermometer of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the process of taking a measurement by a thermometer according to a first embodiment of this invention.
Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C are examples of displays on the display device.
Fig. 7 is a portion of the flowchart of Fig. 5 shown more in detail.
Fig. 8A is a side view and Fig. 8B is a bottom view of another electronic thermometer embodying this invention.
Fig. 9A is a sectional view of the probe taken along line 9A-9A of Fig. 8B and Fig. 9B is a plan view of the insulating member in the probe shown in Fig. 8A.
Fig. 10 is a flowchart of the process of taking a measurement by a thermometer according to a second embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a portion of a patient's body for explaining the principle of body temperature measurement by a thermometer according to a third embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 12 is an external plan view of an electronic thermometer according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the thermometer of Fig. 12 taken along line 13-13.
Fig. 14 is a block diagram for showing the circuit structure of the thermometer of Fig. 12.
Fig. 15 is a flowchart of the process of taking a measurement by a thermometer according to a third embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 16 is a portion of the flowchart of Fig. 15 shown more in detail.
Fig. 17A is a side view and Fig. 17B is a bottom view of another thermometer according to the third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 18A is a sectional view taken along line 18A-18A of Fig. 17B, and Fig. 18B is a bottom view of the insulating layers of the thermometer of Fig. 18A.
Fig. 19 is a flowchart of the process of taking a measurement by a thermometer according to a fourth embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 20 is a sectional view of a portion of a patient's body for explaining the principle of body temperature measurement by a thermometer according to a fifth embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 21 is an external plan view of an electronic thermometer according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 22 is a sectional view of the thermometer of Fig. 21 taken along line 22-22.
Fig. 23 is a block diagram for showing the circuit structure of the thermometer of Fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is a flowchart of the process of taking a measurement by a thermometer according to the fifth embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 25 is a portion of the flowchart of Fig. 24 shown more in detail.
Fig. 26A is a side view and Fig. 26B is a bottom view of a thermometer according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 27A is a sectional view taken along line 27A-27A of Fig. 267B, and Fig. 27B is a bottom view of the insulating layers of the thermometer of Fig. 27A.
Throughout herein some of like components are indicated by the same numerals although they may be components of different thermometers and may not be described repetitiously for the sake of simplicity of description.
The basic differential equation for heat conduction may be written as follows: ∂T1/∂t = α(∂2T1/∂x2) where α is the thermal diffusivity. If the second-order term is included in its solution, this gives since q1 = -λ(dT1/dx): Tb = T1 + (h/λ)q1 + (h2/2α)(dT1/dt) and this means that if three or more sets of values for T1, q1 and dT1/dt are measured, the value of Tb can be estimated.
If the equation is of zeroth-order, the temperature at an internal body position can be estimated by a minimum of one measurement because there is no need to take in account any change with time. By making measurement for a plurality of times, accurate results can be obtained even by using a zeroth-order equation. If a higher-order equation is used, even more accurate estimates become possible.
In the above, the surface temperature T1 on the patient's body can be measured by means of a temperature sensor, and the heat flux can be measured by means of a heat flux sensor. Examples of a practically usable temperature sensor include IC temperature sensors using temperature characteristics such as platinum resistors, thermistors, thermo-couples and transistors. Examples of a heat flux sensor include layered structures and thermopiles.
Fig. 2 shows an electronic thermometer 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising a main body 2 which is approximately in the shape of a rectangular parallelopiped and a probe 3 which protrudes longitudinally from the main body 2 such that the user may hold the main body 2 to insert the probe under an arm or under the tongue. The main body 2 contains a display device 4 such as an LCD for displaying data such as a measured value and a power switch 5. The probe 3 is approximately circular in cross-section, as shown in Fig. 3, and its outer surface is covered with a thin material 6 such as SUS having a high thermal conductivity. On the inner surface of this cover material 6, a temperature sensor 7 and a heat flux sensor 8 are disposed proximally to each other. The entire inner surface of this cover material 6 is covered with a layer of a thermally insulating member 9. A heater 10 is disposed on the inner surface of this insulating layer 9 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The aforementioned first embodiment of the invention assumes the absence of this heater 10.
The temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 are preferably disposed as closely as possible to each other so as to be at the same temperature. If they are insulated from each other, they may be disposed in contact with each other. The insulating layer 9 is hollow, surrounding an empty space 90 inside. Lead lines (now shown) from the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 may be passed therethrough to the main body 2. The insulating layer 9 may be provided in the form of a film such that lead lines can be extended to the main body 2 along the baseboard for the film. A thin membrane of a resin material such as acryl, nylon, polyimides, polyesters and polyethylene may be used as the insulating member 9. The probe 3 can be made compact if the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 can be disposed close to each other. If the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 are disposed closed to each other, furthermore, the overall volume of the prove 3 and its thermal capacity can be reduced that this has the favorable effect of speeding up the response to a temperature change and hence of reducing the time required to complete the measurement. Moreover, the freedom of design choice is also improved. Since the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 are disposed on an insulating layer 9, effects on temperature and heat flux due to heat from the target body can be reduced or eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor can be improved for higher precision measurements.
As shown in Fig. 4, the electronic thermometer 1 comprises a controller 12, a driver 13, an A/D converter 14, a calculator 15, a memory 16, a power source 17 and a buzzer 18, in addition to the aforementioned temperature sensor 7, heat flux sensor 8, the power source 5 and the display device 4. The controller 12 comprises a CPU and serves to control the thermometer as a whole. The driver 13 is for driving the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 on the basis of signals received from the controller 12. Signals outputted from the driver 13 are converted into digital signals by the A/D converter 14 and inputted to the calculator 15. The calculator 15 performs various calculations such as for estimating the temperature of an internal target body position on the basis of the digital signals received from the A/D converter 14 and/or measured temperature and heat flux values stored in the memory 16, and outputs the results of its calculations to the controller 12. In short, the calculator 15 serves to store specified data in the memory 16 and to retrieve data from the memory 16 to carry out specified processes. The power source 17 may comprise a battery and serves to supply electric power to the controller 12 and the driver 13. The power switch 5 is for switching on and off the supply of power from the power source 17. The buzzer 18 is for generating a specified sound in response to a command from the controller 12 to alert the user of a certain situation. According to an embodiment where the heater 10 is provided, it is operated through the driver 13.
Fig. 5 is referenced next to explain the process for measuring an internal body temperature. When the switch 5 is turned on (Step S101), a preliminary temperature measurement is taken by means of the temperature sensor 7 (Step S102) to determine whether or not this preliminarily obtained temperature is within a specified range (Step S103). If the measured temperature is not within the specified range (NO in Step S103), a display is made to this effect on the display device 4 (Step S104) and the power is switched off (Step S105).
If the preliminarily measured temperature is within the specified range (YES in Step S103), a display is made to this effect on the display device 4 (Step S106) such as shown in Fig. 6A and the buzzer 18 may also be beeped to inform that the thermometer is ready to be used. Next, the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 are operated through the driver 13 and values of T1, q1 and dT1/dt are collected (Step S107). These data are now used by the calculator 15 to estimate the temperature at an internal target position (Step S108).
Next, the program checks to determine whether or not a start flag (to be explained below) is "1" or not (Step S109). If the start flag is "0" (NO in Step S109), it is checked whether or not a specified condition (to be explained below) for starting the temperature measurement is satisfied (Step S110). If this condition is found to be satisfied (YES in Step S110), it is displayed on the display device 4 that a measurement is now being taken (Step S111). Fig. 6B shows an example of such a display, causing the symbol "°C" to blink. The start flag is then set to "1" (Step S112) and the program returns to Step S107.
If the start flag is "1" in Step S109, it is checked (as will be explained in detail below) whether or not data that are sufficient for a measurement have been collected (Step S113). If sufficient data have not been collected (NO in Step S113), the program returns to Step S107 to repeat the collection of data. If sufficient data have been collected (YES in Step S113), the result of measurement is displayed on the display device 4, say, as shown in Fig. 6C and the buzzer 18 may be caused to beep twice to indicate that the result of measurement has been displayed (Step S114). Thereafter, power is automatically shut off (Step S115) after wait for a specified length of time (Step S115).
The portion of the program explained above from Step 107 to Step 113 is shown more in detail in Fig. 7. After the display device 4 is caused to display that it is ready to take measurements, the values of T1, q1 and dT1/dt are measured three times (Step S107-1) and the calculation of the temperature at the target position is carried out for the first time (n=1) (Step S108-1). Since the start flag is still reset ("0") at this moment, the program proceeds to Step 110 and, as explained above, the measurement-starting condition is checked. The condition may be, fo r example, that the calculated temperature be within the range of 35-42°C but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
If the calculated temperature is not within such a specified range, or if the specified condition for starting measurement is not satisfied (NO in Step S110), the program proceeds to Step S113 (as shown in Fig. 5) and it is checked if data that are sufficient for a measurement have been collected. This judgment may be taken by examining whether or not a plurality of successively calculated temperature values are nearly the same (say, to the second positions below the decimal point). Since this is the first (n=1) calculation and there is no other result to compare to, it is concluded in Step S113 that sufficient data have not been collected and the program returns to Step 107 to repeat the collection of data. If the specified condition is satisfied in Step S110, the display as shown in Fig. 6B is made (Step S111) and the start flag is set to "1" (Step S112) as explained with reference to Fig. 5 and T1, q1 and dT1/dt are measured (Step S107-2) to calculate the temperature for the second time (Step S108-2). Since the start flag is set to "1", the program proceeds to Step S113 to check whether sufficient data have been collected. If not, the program returns to Step S107. If sufficient data have been collected, the result of the measurement is displayed (Step S114).
The determination whether data sufficient for measurement have been collected may be made by examining whether or not a plurality of consecutively calculated temperature values are, say, within 0.01°C.
Fig. 8A and 8B shows another electronic thermometer 11 which may be considered a variation of the first embodiment of the invention, structured in the shaped of a flat rectangular parallelopiped with one end in a semi-circular form where a probe 20 in the form of a circular column protrudes. A display device 4 comprising an LCD and a power switch 5 are disposed on the opposite surface.
As shown in Fig. 9A, the probe 20 has its upper and side surfaces covered with a thin cover layer 26, say, of SUS. A temperature sensor 7 and a heat flux sensor 8 are disposed on the lower surface of the top part 26a of the cover layer 26. A circular disk-shaped insulating member 9 is disposed below the top part 26a of the cover layer 26, sandwiching the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 with the top part 26a of the cover layer 26. A heater 10 may be disposed (according to the second embodiment of the invention) on the lower surface of the insulating member 9. As shown in Fig. 9B, the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 are positioned on the top part 26a of the cover layer 26 proximally to each other.
The thermometer 11 thus structured is particularly advantageous for use by an infant who may find it difficult to hold the probe steadily under an arm or under the tongue.
Next, the process of taking temperature measurement according to the second embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Fig. 10. As briefly explained above, Fig. 4 also shows a thermometer 21 according to the second embodiment of the invention which is different from the thermometer 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention in that there is a heater 10 which is activated by a signal from the controller 12, as shown in Fig. 4.
The purpose of the heater 10 in the thermometer 21 is to preheat the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flow sensor 8 so as to preliminarily reduce the initial difference between the temperature to be estimated at an internal target body position and those of the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 such that the time required for the measurement can be reduced. The insulator layer 9 separating the heater 10 from the temperature sensor 7 and the flux sensor 8 allows them to be placed close together such that the probe 3 can be made compact and the temperature change can be stabilized for more accurate measurement.
In Fig. 10, Steps S201-S205 are the same respectively as Steps S101-S105 of Fig. 5 and hence will not be repetitiously explained. With this thermometer 21, however, it is determined in Step S206 whether or not a preheating is required on the basis of the temperature measured preliminarily in Step 202. It may be set, for example, that such preheating will be deemed necessary if the measured temperature is below a specified level such as 30°C.
If it is decided that a preheating is necessary (YES in Step S206), the heater 10 is activated S207 until the measured temperature indicates that the preheating is no longer necessary (NO in Step S206), and then a "ready" display is made on the display device (Step S208). The processes from the end of Step S208 to Step S217 are the same as those from Step S106 to Step S115 shown in Fig. 5 and hence will not be repetitiously explained. It is to be noted that the heating by the heater 10 is finished before the measurement is taken and the heater 10 is not active during the measurement.
Fig. 11 is referenced next to explain the principle of temperature measurement by a thermometer 31 according to a third embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
The third embodiment is characterized as using two insulating members with different thermal conductivity values, or to estimate the temperature Tb at an internal target body position by measuring temperatures T1 and T2 at different surface positions at a distance h from the target position respectively through an insulating layer with thermal conductivity λ1 and λ2. Thus, by solving the differential equation of thermal conduction by keeping the second-order terms. as done above, we obtain: Tb = Ts1 + (h/λb)q1 + (h2/2α1)(dT1/dt) Tb = Ts2 + (h/λb)q2 + (h2/2α2)(dT2/dt) where λb is the thermal conductivity of the body, Ts1 and Ts2 are respectively the temperature at the contact surface between the body and the first and second insulating member, q1 and q2 are respectively the heat flux through the first and second insulating member, and α1 and α2 are respectively the thermal diffusivity of the first and second insulating member. Since we also have: q1 = -λ1(dT1/dx) = -λ1(T1-Ts1)/X q2 = -λ2(dT2/dx) = -λ2(T2-Ts2)/X where X is the thickness of the insulating members, as shown in Fig. 11, we obtain simultaneous equations in the form of: Tb = Ts1 +A(Ts1-T1)+B(dT1/dt) Tb = Ts2 +C(Ts2-T2)+D(dT1/dt). If the two temperature sensors are disposed close to each other and both insulating members are in contact with the body surface, Ts1 = Ts2. Thus, by measuring T1, T2, dT1/dt and dT2/dt, it is possible to estimate Tb. In summary, it is possible to estimate the temperature at an internal position of a live body by measuring the temperatures and the time rate of their changes at surface positions through insulating members having different thermal conductivity values.
Instead of using two different insulating members as explained above, use may be made of two insulating members which may have the same thermal conductivity but are different in thickness.
Fig. 12 shows an external view of a thermometer 31 according to the third embodiment of the invention. Since its external appearance is the same as that of the thermometer according to the first embodiment, the same symbols used in Fig. 2 are used for corresponding components and they are not repetitiously explained with reference to Fig. 12. Fig. 13 shows its internal structure. Its probe 33 is identical to the probe 3 shown in Fig. 3 except for the structure of the insulating member, having a first insulating layer 39a and a second insulating layer 39b with different thermal conductivity values disposed on the inner surface of the cover 6. A first temperature sensor 37a is on the inner surface of the first insulating layer 39a and a second temperature sensor 37b is on the inner surface of the second insulating layer 39b. A heater 10 may be disposed (according to a fourth embodiment of the invention) on the inner surface of either of the insulating layers 39a and 39b opposite the first and second temperature sensors 37a and 37b, separated therefrom across the hollow interior 90 of the insulating layers 39a and 39b. Lead lines (not shown) connected to the temperature sensors 37a and 37b may be extended through this hollow interior 90. Thermometers accordin g to the third embodiment is advantageous in that they are less costly than the embodiments requiring the use of a heat flux sensor.
Fig. 14 shows the internal circuit structure of the thermometer 31, which is similar to that shown in the block diagram of Fig. 4 except that the first and second temperature sensors 37a and 37b take the places of the temperature sensor 7 and the heat flux sensor 8 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 15 is referenced next to explain the process for measuring an intemal body temperature. In Fig. 15, Steps S301-S305 and the step of shutting off the power (Step S315) are the same respectively as Steps S101-S105 and Step 115 of Fig. 5, hence will not be repetitiously explained. With this thermometer 31, however, the first or second temperature sensor 37a or 37b is used in Step 302 for preliminarily measuring the temperature and four pieces of data T1, T2, dT1/dt and dT2/dt are collected in Step S307.
Fig. 16 shows more in detail a portion of the flowchart of Fig. 15 from Step S307 to Step S313. This is similar to the portion explained above with reference to Fig. 7 except that four kinds of data T1, T2, dT1/dt and dT2/dt are collected in Steps S307-1 and S307-2 and since these four variables are to be obtained, that the data must be collected four or more times. As explained above, furthermore, the determination in Step S313 may be made by examining whether or not a plurality of consecutively calculated temperature values are, say, within 0.01°C.
Figs. 17A and 17B show another thermometer 301 which is a variation of the third embodiment, having a rectangular columnar probe 302 protruding at one end of one of its main surfaces and a display device 4 comprising an LCD and a power switch 5 disposed on the opposite surface. Figs. 18A and 18B show the interior structure of the probe 302, having its top and side surfaces covered with a thin material 326 comprising SUS. Thermally insulating members 39a and 39b having different conductivity values are disposed adjacent each other below the top part 326a of the insulating member 326. The side wall portions of the insulating member 326 are indicated as 326b. The temperature sensors37a and 37b are respectively disposed on the lower surface of the insulating members 39a and 39b. A heater (not shown) may also be disposed on the lower surface of either of the insulating members 39a and 39b (according to the fourth embodiment of the invention). This variation of the third embodiment is convenient for use by an infant who may find it difficult to hold the probe steadily under an arm or under the tongue.
Figs. 13 and 14 also show a thermometer 41 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, which is different from the third embodiment in that a heater 10 is included, adapted to be driving by a signal transmitted from the driver 13. The advantage of the fourth embodiment is that the heater 10 preheats the temperature sensors 37a and 37b and the insulating members 39a and 39b such that the time required for the temperature measurement can be reduced.
Fig. 19 is referenced next to explain the process for measuring an internal body temperature by means of the thermometer 41 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 19, Steps S401-S405 and Steps S408-S416 are the same respectively as Steps S101-S105 and Steps 106-115 of Fig. 5, hence will not be repetitiously explained. With this thermometer 41, however, it is determined in Step S406 whether or not a preheating is required on the basis of the temperature measured preliminarily in Step 402. It may be set, for example, that such preheating will be deemed necessary if the measured temperature is below a specified level such as 30°C. If it is determined in Step S406 that a preheating step is required, the heater 10 is activated for preheating (Step S407) as done in Step S207 with reference to Fig. 10.
Fig. 20 is referenced next to explain the principle of temperature measurement by a thermometer 51 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 21 and 22.
The third embodiment is characterized as estimating the temperature Tb at an internal target body position separated from a body surface by a distance of h from the surface temperature T3 detected by a temperature sensor in contact with the body surface and the specified temperature T4 of a heater which contacts the body surface through a thermal insulator. If p is the density of the insulator, d is its specific heat, X is its thickness, λ is its thermal conductivity, λb is the thermal conductivity of the body, q3 is the heat flux through the insulator and qb is the heat flux through the body, one obtains from the conservation law: ρcX(dT3/dt) = qb - q3 = -λb(dT3/dt) +λ(dT4/dt), or dT3/dt = ω1(Tb - T3) -ω2(T3 - T4), where ω1 = λb/pcXh, and ω2 = λ/pcX2. Thus, since T4 is a known temperature, Tb can be estimated by measuring two or more values of dT3/dt and T3.
As shown in Fig. 21, the external view of the thermometer 51 is the same as that of the thermometer 1 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2. The internal structure of its probe 53 is also similar to that of the thermometer 1 shown in Fig. 3 except that a temperature sensor 7 is disposed on the inner surface of the cover 6 and also that a thermally insulating member 9 is disposed so as to sandwich the temperature sensor 7 with the cover 6. The insulating member 9 is cylindrically formed with a hollow interior 90. A constant-temperature heater 52 is disposed on the inner surface of the insulating member 9 at a position opposite to the temperature sensor 7. Lead lines (not shown) connected to the temperature sensor 7 and the heater 52 are extended through this hollow interior 90.
As shown in Fig. 23, the interior circuit structure of the thermometer 51 is similar to that of the thermometer 1 shown in Fig. 4 except a constant-temperature heater 52 is provided to be driven by the driver 13 according to a signal outputted from the controller 12.
Where there is a significant difference between the body temperature and the environmental temperature, the medium through which heat flows from the internal target position in the body to the temperature sensor 7 is heated by the heater such that the temperature difference is reduced. In this manner, the temperature change of the probe 53 inclusive of the temperature sensor 7 becomes stabilized. Thus, an accurate measurement becomes possible and the time required for the measurement can be reduced. Another advantage of this embodiment is that the probe 53 is of a simpler structure, including essentially only the temperature sensor 7 and the constant-temperature heater 52 such that freedom of choice in positioning the components is improved. The presence of the insulating member 9 between the temperature sensor 7 and the heater 52 serves to create a stable temperature gradient such that the temperature sensor can be placed under a suitable temperature condition for the measurement.
Fig. 24 is referenced next to explain the process for measuring an internal body temperature by means of the thermometer 51 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 24, Steps S501-S505 and Steps S510-S518 are the same respectively as Steps S101-S105 and Steps 107-115 of Fig. 5, hence will not be repetitiously explained. With this thermometer 51, however, the heater 51 is switched on (Step S506) and temperature is measured by the temperature sensor 7 (Step S507) if the temperature measured in Step S502 is within a specified range. If the temperature is not stable (NO in Step S508), the program returns to Step S506. If the temperature is stable (YES in Step S508), a display is made to the effect that it is ready to take measurement (Step S509). In Step S510, unlike in Step S107, two kinds of data T1 and dT1/dt are collected, and the heater 52 is not switched off while the data are collected. Since the purpose of the heater 52 is to remain at a constant temperature level, it may be intermittently switched on and off.
The portion of the flowchart of Fig. 24 from Step S510 to Step S517 is shown in Fig. 25 more in detail. The processes from Step S510-1 to Step S517 are the same as explained above with reference to Fig. 7 except that two kinds of data T1 and dT1/dt are collected in the present embodiment in Steps S510-1 and S510-2 and, since there are two variables T1 and dT1/dt to be obtained, that data are collected at least twice. As explained above, furthermore, the determination in Step S516 may be made by examining whether or not a plurality of consecutively calculated temperature values are, say, within 0.01°C.
Figs. 26A and 26B show another thermometer 501 which is a variation of the fifth embodiment, having a rectangular columnar probe 502 protruding at one end of one of its main surfaces and a display device 4 comprising an LCD and a power switch 5 disposed on the opposite surface. Figs. 27A and 27B show the interior structure of the probe 502, having its top and side surfaces covered with a thin material 526 comprising SUS or the like. A temperature sensor 7 is disposed below the top portion 526a of the cover 526. The side wall portions of the insulating material 526 are indicated as 526b. A thermally insulating member 59 is disposed below the top portion 526a of the cover 526 so as to sandwich the temperature sensor 7 with the top portion 526a of the cover 52 6. A constant-temperature heater 52 is disposed in contact with the insulating member 59. It is a hollow space 53 between the insulating member 59 and the bottom part of the cover 526. This variation of the fifth embodiment is convenient for use by an infant who may find it difficult to hold the probe steadily under an arm or under the tongue.
With any of the electronic thermometers embodying this invention, the temperature at an internal target body position is calculated by making measurements on real time on the external surface of the body and by using the equation of thermal conduction. Thus, the measurements can be made accurately and quickly.
a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position on the measured values of said temperature and said heat flow.
The thermometer of claim 1 further comprising a thermally insulating member, said temperature sensor and said heat flow sensor being disposed on said insulating member.
The thermometer of claim 1 further comprising a probe which contains said temperature sensor and said heat flux sensor, a heater disposed in said probe.
The thermometer of claim 2 further comprising a heater disposed on said insulating member.
The thermometer of any one of claims 1,2,3 and 4 further comprising a probe which is planar and contains said temperature sensor and said heat flux sensor.
The thermometer of any one of claims 1,2,3 and 4 further comprising a probe which is bar-shaped and contains said temperature sensor and said heat flux sensor.
a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position from said first and second measured values.
The thermometer of claim 7 further comprising a heater.
The thermometer of claim 7 or 8 further comprising a probe which is planar and contains said first and second temperature sensors.
a calculator for calculating estimated temperature at a specified internal body position from said specified temperature and said measured values.
The thermometer of claim 10 further comprising a thermally insulating member disposed between said temperature sensor and said constant-temperature heater.
The thermometer of claim 10 or 11 further comprising a probe which is planar and contains said temperature sensor.
FR2665533B1 (en) * 1990-08-06 1994-03-25 Ortomedic Distance measuring device temperature and / or temperature differences.
Owner name: OMRON HEALTHCARE CO., LTD.


David Missal, 24, was pursuing a master's degree in journalism and communication at prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing.
Beijing: A German man learned the hard way that practicing journalism in China, even for a class project, could lead to serious trouble.
David Missal, 24, was pursuing a master's degree in journalism and communication at prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing. He landed in Duesseldorf on Sunday, after Chinese immigration authorities told him his student visa was cancelled and he had a week to leave China.
Missal said he thinks that's because he reported on the plight of jailed human rights lawyers in a journalism class.
Missal said a Tsinghua representative this year warned him twice against pursuing the politically sensitive subject, but he went ahead anyway because he wanted to "get to learn Chinese society and politics."


text:
Го́ри Украї́ни займають близько 5 % території країни. Вони розташовані на заході України — Українські Карпати, та на крайньому півдні — Кримські гори. Найвища вершина України, гора Говерла, належить до Карпатських гір; її висота 2061 м над р. м. У Кримських горах найвищою є Роман-Кош — 1545 м.

За походженням гори України тектонічні, складчасто-брилові (Кримські гори) і складчасто-насувні (Українські Карпати), за морфологічними ознаками середньовисокі, із значною крутизною схилів і переважно м'якими обрисами привершинних ділянок, з глибиною розчленування 600—1000 ма

Завдяки сприятливим природним умовам, в тому числі наявності лікувальних мінеральних вод, гори України є важливими рекреаційними регіонами.

Нижче наведено список деяких найвищих гірських вершин України.

Двотисячники
 Говерла (2061 м)
 Бребенескул (2032 м)
 Піп Іван Чорногорський (2028 м)
 Петрос (2020 м)
 Гутин Томнатик (2017 м)
 Ребра (2001м)

Тисячники

Карпати
 Менчул (1998 м)
 Туркул (1933 м)
 Пікуй (1405 м)
 Парашка (1271 м)
Лопата(1210 м)

Крим
 Роман-Кош (1545 м)
 Демір-Капу (1540 м)
 Зейтін-Кош (1534 м)
 Кемаль-Егерек (1529 м)
 Еклізі-Бурун (1527 м)
 Ангара-Бурун (1453 м)

Див. також
 Геологія України
 Фізико-географічне районування України

Джерела

Література

Посилання

 Орографічна карта України .

Гори

Рельєф України
Україна

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home›Entertainment›Breaking: Court Dismisses Car Theft Charge Against Naira Marley After Settlement With Complainant
EntertainmentFeatures
Breaking: Court Dismisses Car Theft Charge Against Naira Marley After Settlement With Complainant
SWITZERLAND, JANUARY 14 – A magistrate court at the Tinubu area of Lagos State has thrown out charges filed by the police against music artiste, Azeez Fashola popularly known as Naira Marley, as well as his two brothers and cousin.
Recall that the police had charged Fashola to court over his alleged involvement in car theft.
Presiding over the case brought against the musician, Chief Magistrate Tajudeen Elias threw out the four counts after receiving a settlement agreement between the complainant, Mr Adelekan Ademola, and the defendants.
Naira Marley, his two brothers , Idris Fashola and Babatunde Fashola, and their cousin, Kunle Obere were the defendants in the case.
They were all charged with conspiracy, stealing, assault, and obstructing the police from arresting Marley.
Naira Marley was absent in court but the other defendants were present.
At the commencement of proceedings on Monday, only Marley's brothers and cousin were present.
Prosecuting Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) Edet Okoi told the court that Marley and the three other defendants had reached an out of court settlement with the complainant, Mr Adelekan Ademola.
Okoi tendered a letter bearing the agreement to Mr Elias.
The defendants' counsel Mr Awokulehin Ayodeji confirmed that a deal had been reached.
Chief Magistrate Elias also confirmed the agreement from Mr Ademola, and who was present.
He said: "In view of the letter of withdrawal, the defendants are hereby discharged."
Afterwards, Marley's lawyer explained why Marley was absent.
Awokuleyin said: "As we speak, he is not even in the country. He is abroad for medicals. But the most important thing is that the charge has been withdrawn and consequentially, the matter is dead.
He is in the United States."
The lawyer declined to state the terms of the agreement.
Awokuleyin said: "We reached a resolution and parties were able to settle the matter. As we speak, the matter has been discharged from court and the charge has been dropped. The terms are confidential."
The complainant in the case, Mr Ademola revealed that his car had been repaired and the items taken from him returned by the defendants.
He also explained the reason for the prosecution.
Ademola said: "Nobody is above the law. You don't take the law in your hands. That's the reason.
It (what happened to me) could have happened to any other person. That was my main reason for taking it up to this level, that's what I gained out of it, to make an example. It's not for any (financial) gain.
"Also, I don't want a situation where I would have to be looking over my shoulders, the rest of my life.
He said he was not coerced into settling the case.
"I'm satisfied with the settlement terms. My items are intact, my car is fixed, my phone has been returned.
"I was not pressured to make the agreement I have never met Naira Marley. I have no relationship with Naira Marley. This is the first time of meeting him in person," Ademola said.
In the dismissed charge, the police claimed that Marley's brothers and cousins, while in a motorcade with Marley, stole a Toyota Camry vehicle with Registration No. FEE 120 AA valued at N1.8 million and an IPhone X5 worth N330,000 belonging to Mr Ademola.
The court heard that the three defendants and others at large assaulted the complainant by beating him up.
Okoi alleged that the second defendant, Babatunde Fashola and others at large obstructed the police while performing their lawful duty and prevented them from arresting Marley.
He sajd: "One of the vehicles in the musician's motorcade hit the complainant's vehicle from the back while he was throwing out money from his vehicle to his fans.
"When the complainant came down from the vehicle to inspect the damage, Obere entered the complainant's Camry and drove it off with the motorcade. Ademola reported to the police and the vehicle was tracked to where it was parked at Jakande Crescent, Oniru in Lagos.
"When the police arrived at the location in company of the complainant, Naira Marley and his boys started beating the complainant.
"A group of boys obstructed the police from arresting the musician but they were able to apprehend the three defendants."
He said the offences contravened Sections 112,172, 287 and 411 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.
Tagscar theftcasecourt
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Responsibility: Clark C. Richard, Galletly Cherrie A., Ash David J., Moores Kathryn A., Penrose Rebecca A. and McFarlane Alexander C.
Abstract: We provide a systematic, evidence-based medicine (EBM) review of the field of electrophysiology in the anxiety disorders. Presently, electrophysiological studies of anxiety focus primarily on etiological aspects of brain dysfunction. The review highlights many functional similarities across studies, but also identifies patterns that clearly differentiate disorder classifications. Such measures offer clinical utility as reliable and objective indicators of brain dysfunction in individuals and indicate potential as biomarkers for the improvement of diagnostic specificity and for informing treatment decisions and prognostic assessments. Common to most of the anxiety disorders is basal instability in cortical arousal, as reflected in measures of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Resting electroencephalographic (EEG) measures tend to correlate with symptom sub-patterns and be exacerbated by condition-specific stimulation. Also common to most of the anxiety disorders are condition-specific difficulties with sensory gating and the allocation and deployment of attention. These are clearly evident from evoked potential (EP) and event-related potential (ERP) electrical measures of information processing in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the phobias. Other ERP measures clearly differentiate the disorders. However, there is considerable variation across studies, with inclusion and exclusion criteria, medication status and control group selection not standardized within condition or across studies. Study numbers generally preclude analysis for confound removal or for the derivation of diagnostic biomarker patterns at this time. The current trend towards development of databases of brain and cognitive function is likely to obviate these difficulties. In particular, electrophysiological measures of function are likely to play a significant role in the development and subsequent adaptations of DSM-V and assist critically in securing improvements in nosological and treatment specificity.
Rights: © 2009 CBS Interactive. All rights reserved.


1. The RV was complete with all geopolitical issues solved.
2. According to sources, the toll-free 800 numbers were expected to be released midnight tomorrow Mon. May 28, as banks opened Tuesday May 29.
3. Other sources were claiming the release was scheduled on the first weekend of June (Fri, Sat, Sun. June 1, 2, 3).
1.Iraq will officially & publicly RV the Dinar any day after the public announcement of the ext Prime Minister – which looks to be Abadi. That should happen any day now.
2. We are focusing on the weekend of June 2, 3, with an optimum personal exchange window after the 15th, into the 3rd week of June.
3. We guess the exchange rate in the US on the Iraqi Dinar to be in excess of $4 within a few days of the release.
4. Our guess on the Dong was an exchange rate in the U.S. of over $2.00, within a few days of the public increases.
5. We expect them BOTH to move within 24 hours, of one another.
1. Zap: The mechanics of what is going on right now with the releases is best left unsaid for security reasons. Re-direction of funds is just one problem experienced by the main sources of the funds coming out right now.
2. It is going very well and we can expect action next week. It will be the start time of all the project side. We are a recipient of some setup funds that is scheduled to come in this week.
3. DJ: All reports, some from very profound sources, seem to now agree that there is actual activity occurring and transacting. How and when these activities will translate to the public involvement and benefit remains the ongoing mystery and debate.
4. Things overall appear to be great and moving in the right direction.
5. Susan: I'm hearing much good news regarding the PP's movement.We have entered into a phrase where it is quite possible that our collective patience is about to be compensated.
A friend overextended while at the casino Saturday and needed some "get back home" money and decided to go to a bank and exchange some Dong, expecting to get approximately $39 - $45 for $1million Dong. The bank person said they could exchange the currency if they insisted, but informed them that they would be happier if they waited until Tues. May 29 (maybe even Mon. May 28) to exchange that currency.


The following report will be covering the deconstruction during 1980-1990. This report will be covering Yohji Yamamoto, his influence and contribution to fashion. Deconstruction is defined by Merriam Webster as a philosophical or critical method which asserts that meanings, metaphysical constructs and hierarchal oppositions as between key terms in a philosophical or literary way. (Merriam-Webster, 1993). Deconstruction was initiated by Jacques Derrida in the late 20th century. It is a theory of literary criticism that fusions traditional assumptions by means of referring to other words attempting to demonstrate how any text can change their own meanings .
Derrida started articulating his deconstruction theories around 1950, Society is said to be socially constructed by establishing the individual blocks and overall settlements of our self-understanding and understanding of our society, Derrida started teaching and writing in France while believing that the idea of deconstruction is all-inclusive claims have been made that Derrida attempt's through his writing to are undermine the ethical, intellectual norms and accused of creating a blend of extreme scepticism and solipsism. Derrida believed deconstruction was enlivening, productive and well-disposed not undermining norms but that also through context development was revealed (Sanchis, 2012). Despite the definition of deconstruction, it is an activity or performance, reading, breaking up and closely investigating the body of a text. Derrida stated "Deconstruction is something that happens wand happens from the inside. " to an audience in 1994 in Villanova. He considered it to be philosophical with the goal set to upset the system of hidden hierarchies (Willette, 2014).
Examples of deconstruction in fashion are Comme de Garcons 2006 the design combines two opposing aesthetics giving both a presence while still being in play with one another. Deconstruction in fashion is shown through experimentation with other materials structure as well as form. Deconstruction was first seen as a rebellion against fashion and acceptance that the movement was in the domain of fashion and deconstruction seen as a trend as well as against global designer brands (Zhou, 2010). Well known designers during this time were Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Donna Kavan from New York. Armani, Fendi, Valentino and Versace from Italy. Rei Kawakubo under the label Comme Des Garcon, Yohji Yamamoto and Issey Miyake from Japan. Christian Dior, Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, Ungaro and Givenchy from Paris.
He uses black as there is no colour more important to him within the fashion colour palette. The aesthetic attributes of traditional Japan and contemporary cultures can be seen as the colour's associations with poverty. It seems as if he was fuelled by the generation that planned social changes of the 1960s carrying with a new vision for fashion. He started his brand in 1972. He had a vision for fashion that rails against the bourgeois conformity resulting from what he refers to as colonialism.
He said that in the dazed interview "my work gets finalised when someone wears it in the city." Referring to his home town of Tokyo, he also mentioned that he feels accomplished and rewarded when the sales within his stores are doing good. He sees the city, Tokyo, as the canvas for his collections mostly and majority for urban wear. He also states that he would not mind for the entire city to wear suits but feels that the businessmen or workers who wear them would feel separate from fashion and see no need for it. His single thought was said to be that he wanted women to wear that what was seen as men's clothing. His mother has been one of the greatest influences within his brand as he was raised by her and started working under her and eventually ventured on his own (Madsen, 2014).
I chose him as a designer because of the overall attitude he has towards fashion especially dressing women in men's clothes for the display of his clothing and making fashion neutral on that platform. I like the use of colour within his collections sticking to darker tones and mainly black throughout and I especially like his later collections more as I feel like he has matured and grown through his work and it could only get better from here. His method of layering material as well as his use of asymmetrical lines in his design is also a different and fresh approach to design and it questions the silhouette of how clothing should be.
The colours not only used within this time period were relatively dark, various tones of browns, blacks and neutral tones. His work is seen as a part of this time period of the 1980s – 1990 because it fits with the designs while still being within the boundaries of his style. There were also various textures and materials used such as leather and fur which were especially popular during this time even though it is not used that much today.
Redesigning his work into mine was ensuring there would be layering and the final design would be black because this is a constant theme throughout his work. I stuck to dark tones as this is common throughout his collections. I stuck to keeping the design long while having asymmetrical layering of material within the design. I kept the concept board simple and also including his sketches as this is also commonly shown throughout his designs.
It is clear through the definition of deconstruction that Yohji Yamamoto's work in terms of fashion design during the 1980s – 1990s show examples of deconstruction as deconstruction is looking at closely and breaking down examples shown and given to question them as he has done this htrough asymmetrical lines and layering of material with unfinished hems, seams and approaching the way womens clothing is seen opens up the door to new.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018. Deconstruction. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Online. Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/deconstruction. 27 September 2018.
Mastin L. 2009. Deconstruction. Philosophy Basics. Online. Available: https://www.philosophybasics.com/movements_deconstructionism.html. 27 September 2018.
Sanchis, D. 2012. Art and Deconstruction, Construction, Deconstruction and the Practices of Contemporaty Art. Artscape Magazine. Online. Available: http://www.artscapemagazine.com/inside_00.html. 27 September 2018.
Holland, J. 2008. Deconstruction. Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Online. Available: https://www.iep.utm.edu/deconst/#SH4b. 27 September 2018.
Willette, J. 2014. Jacques Derrida and Deconstrucion. Art History Unstuffed. Online. Available: https://arthistoryunstuffed.com/jacques-derrida-deconstruction/. 27 September 2018.
Zhou, P. 2010. Deconstruction ; Fashion. Fashion As Medium. . Blog Available: http://fashionmedium.blogspot.com/2010/02/deconstruction-fashion.html. 27 September 2018.
Mears, P. 2008. Yohji Yamamoto. Fashion History. Online. Available: https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fashion-clothing-industry/fashion-designers/yohji-yamamoto.27 September 2018.
Madsen, S. 2014. Inside the Head of Yohji Yamamoto. Dazed Digital. Online. Available: http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/19283/1/inside-the-head-of-yohji-yamamoto. 27 September 2018.


text:
Harper, Sandzik on to Ford Field
by Kevin Kissane | Feb 26, 2020
IMLAY CITY — Imlay City qualified two grapplers to the Division 2 individual state finals set for March 6-7 at Ford Field in Detroit.
They earned the right to compete there with top-four weight class placings last Saturday at a Gaylord High School-based regional.
Joe Harper headlined for Imlay City that day. Harper reached the title bout at 285 pounds where he pinned Dewitt's Connor Pochert with 3:50 gone.
Dakota Sandzik was the other Imlay City wrestler who continued his postseason path, acquiring a fourth. Sandzik wrapped up his stint at 119 pounds when he was pinned by Clio's Mason Malin with 1:35 gone.
Imlay City's Anthony D'Ambrosio came within a win of advancing to the state finals as well. D'Ambrosio competed at 130 pounds.
Cristian Rojas was the other Imlay City grappler who battled it out for a spot at the Division 2 state finals. Rojas wound up with a tough draw and exited with a 0-2 showing versus 125-pound counterparts.
Kevin Kissane
Kevin Kissane has been covering high school sports for the Tri-City Times since 1985. When not standing on a field or court with his camera and notepad, he enjoys golf, travel and family. Kevin is a 1980 graduate of Capac High School, and is also a grad of St. Clair Community College and earned a degree in journalism from Central Michigan University.


Kids give us a lot of joy as well as a lot of things to clean. Keeping carpet clean while we have kids in the house will almost be an impossible thing to do. However, the following tips can be helpful in keeping the carpet clean.
If our kids are young enough, we can make sure they only use specific area while playing, eating, or drinking. It narrows down the area we need to clean. The best will be teaching kids to eat and drink on their chairs.
The best way to avoid pilling problems or dry stain and spill will be immediate cleaning. Do not wait until later when you find spill, stain, or any other thing get on to the carpet. Appropriate cleaning is needed immediately.
Simple cleaning like dusting and vacuuming should be applied on daily basis. It cleans up things we do not see and it makes bigger cleaning a lot easier. Use different kind of solution for daily basis cleaning to avoid damage and colour transfer on carpet.
We can try to put area rugs over the carpet on places our kids like best. This gives them extra comfort while doing their things, and it keeps the carpet from any problems like stains and spills. Plus, rugs are easier to clean.
Weekly cleaning should be scheduled and it has to be deeper than the regular daily basis. We may hire professional if we have the budget. Consult to professional for the procedures so we can clean it through. It may take a little bit more effort to do.
Innovation gives us fresh air. We will find many solutions and several of them are perfect for this case. In addition to it, we may also need to use specific tools to clean the carpet. Several brands are very recommended.
This also makes the most important action. Try to teach discipline to the kids. Let them learn to sit still on their chair while they eat or drink. We can also ask them to take off shoes before hitting the carpet.
The key is regular basis and willingness to do the hard work. Replacing the carpet for a while is an alternative, but those tips are more than useful to help if we still want the carpet on the floor. Give it a try and make regular schedule.


text:
Biopharmaceuticals Cardiology
News Release - November 13, 2015
Merck Provides Update on REVEAL Outcomes Study
KENILWORTH, N.J.--(Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network)--Merck (MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) of the REVEAL outcomes study for anacetrapib has completed its planned review of unblinded study data and recommended the study continue with no changes. The DMC reviewed safety and efficacy data from the study, which included an assessment of futility. Merck remains blinded to the actual results of this analysis and to other REVEAL safety and efficacy data.
REVEAL is a 30,000 patient, event-driven study sponsored by Oxford University, which is projected to conclude in early 2017. The REVEAL Steering Committee and Merck will continue to monitor the progress of the study. No additional interim efficacy analyses are planned.
About Merck
Today's Merck is a global health care leader working to help the world be well. Merck is known as MSD outside the United States and Canada. Through our prescription medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products, we work with customers and operate in more than 140 countries to deliver innovative health solutions. We also demonstrate our commitment to increasing access to health care through far-reaching policies, programs and partnerships. For more information, visit www.Merck.com and connect with us on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIn.
Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA
This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA (the "company") includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company's management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline products that the products will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company's ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company's patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.
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Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Grants Exclusive License to Vertex for Two DNA Damage Response Inhibitors


text:
Pm Kisan
Govt planning e-registration for PM KISAN to speed up implementation
The govt is designing a system for the implementation of the farmers' pension scheme, announced after the first cabinet meeting of the new Modi government
Rituraj Tiwari
The government is planning to introduce online registration for PM KISAN to speed up implementation of the income-support scheme for farmers.
It is also designing a system for the implementation of the farmers' pension scheme, announced after the first cabinet meeting of the new Modi government.
The government gives 6,000 a year to all farmers under PM KISAN. Under the voluntary pension scheme, 3,000 per month would be offered to farmers attaining the age of 60, with an entry age of 18-40 years.
"We plan to introduce the option of online registration, where farmers can apply online from any common service centre. The form then can be verified online by the respective patwari or any authorised official of the gram panchayat. This will stem corruption and result in fast implementation of this scheme," said a senior agriculture department official.
He said there were a lot of rejections of applications due to information mismatch and illegible forms. "Online registrations will keep a check on this. Since the gamut of this scheme has been widened after extending this scheme to farmers irrespective of landholding, it has become all the more necessary to open the option of online application for fast disposal," he said, adding that online registration would work parallel to the existing system.
Currently, farmers deposit their forms at gram panchayats where the patwaris or other authorised people verify the information. "We have come to know about many incidents where farmers had to follow up officials and extend favour for getting the verification done. By going online, these incidents will reduce in numbers," he said.
The government so far has enrolled 36.6 million beneficiaries. Of these, 30.3 million have been paid the first instalment of 2,000 and 19.9 million have got the second instalment as well.
"After opening this scheme for all farmers, the number of beneficiaries across the country is estimated to be 145 million. Taking every farmer under the net would be a time-consuming exercise. We would introduce processes which can curtail the time," he said.
voluntary pension scheme
income-support scheme
Governance / 7 hours ago
Governance / 19 hours ago
Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram Smart City to issue tender for ICCC project in February
A detailed project report (DPR) pertaining to the Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) is ready now. The estimated cost of the ICCC is around Rs 150 crore.
'Digital India' to remain transformational programme: Ravi Shankar Prasad
Digital India programme, which looks to bridge the digital divide of haves and have-nots, must work to bring in digital inclusion


Managing a large workforce has become easier than ever for business owners and HR managers. With the rise of HR analytics and metrics, even the most complicated workforce can be managed efficiently. The added benefits of simple communication, performance tracking, and the ability to see all records in real-time add up to a win-win situation for your HR department and your employees. Have you implemented a plan that includes analytics and metrics? Here are some quick tips on how to make sure your strategy is being maximized.
As technology becomes the norm in almost every workplace, employees have come to expect their employers to provide solutions that make their lives easier. These solutions often have added benefits for business owners and allow them to get a quick overview of their team whenever they need it. If you have implemented a plan to help your HR staff manage the workforce, here are some tips that will help you take full advantage of all the benefits.
Don't make the mistake of introducing new technology that no one knows how to use. Technology is only as good as those who utilize it, and properly training your team on the program is key to its success. Make sure you have an orientation to show your team how to use the software. You should also keep an open door policy in case anyone has questions or needs extra help. In addition, you should create a plan for new employees during onboarding so they can learn the system as quickly as possible.
What does your analytics plan look like? You should consider utilizing an HR system that features real-time reporting to really get the most bang for your buck.
These systems can show your HR managers exactly what they need to know about each employee with the touch of a button. They can see any tardiness, how much overtime was worked, shift swap requests, and upcoming leave time instantly. This helps them to stay on top of details and make necessary adjustments. This type of software also makes communication easy for your HR team and employees alike. Schedule changes, absence reporting, and leave requests can all be communicated easily through the system.
If you don't currently allow employees to clock in and out remotely from their smart devices, you could be hindering efficiency. Requiring employees to come into a home office to clock in or asking them to keep track of time on spreadsheets is quickly becoming a thing of the past.
Employees in this day and age want to be able to clock in and out effortlessly. They also want to be able to manage their schedules efficiently. Using a system that features this type of timekeeping and schedule management allows everyone to use their time more wisely.
The best types of HR systems are the ones that benefit employees as much as they do the managers. Make sure you demonstrate to your employees how much time and energy they will save when they learn and use the new system.
When you incorporate employee-self-service software like management of schedules via their personal devices, you can easily show them the many benefits. Employees will be much more likely to embrace the system when they realize it makes their lives easier.
Not only do many HR programs provide owners and HR managers an easy way to access employee details, they also provide an alert system. Alerts can be set to notify management when an employee has violated an attendance policy or when a shift is not covered. Alerts provide a safety net for HR teams in case they miss a crucial detail that could impact the company.
When you have an easy way to track employee details, you can put a program in place to reward those who excel. HR managers can quickly access information and see who willingly takes on extra shifts or is always on time. This type of performance measurement makes it easy to put a rewards system in place. It can also be useful to identify red flags before they become performance issues. If your HR team finds that certain employees are abusing overtime or frequently showing up late, they can make adjustments or meet with the employees to come up with solutions.
Efficiently running a large workforce has become easier than ever with effective HR software. Incorporating these into your business can help you track employees as well as reward them. When you make sure all team members are trained on systems and realize their benefits, your entire business can benefit from these time and energy-saving programs.


PHUKET: A team from the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR) Phuket office inspected a number of restaurants in Karon this week to check whether they had protected marine life on their menus.
The DMCR inspection uncovered one restaurant with protected Parrotfish on the menu, and a second with protected reef shark.
The issue of protected marine life being sold in restaurants came to light when the 'GO-Eco PHUKET ' Facebook page posted photos of Parrotfish being sold in a restaurant on Dec 5.
On the same day, Director of the DMCR Phuket office Watcharin Thintalang and his team went to inspect the restaurants in the area and found two on Kata Rd – 'Coconut Seafood' and 'Focus' both with protected marine life fresh for sale.
At Coconut Seafood official found two Parrotfish longer than 50 centimetres for sale while at Focus they found a reef shark longer than 50cm.
The marine life were immediately removed.
The DMCR officials told both restaurant owners that by selling the said fish and sharks they were contravening the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment's (NRE) Supporting and Maintenance Environment Act 1992.
Those caught catching or possessing such marine life can be fined up to B100,000, jailed up to one year, or both.
Mr Watcharin said, "Parrotfish are a protected marine animal, they reproduce, they don't damage the corals or pollute the water, they also reduce atmospheric CO2, and protect some marine reserve areas.
Officials presented both restaurant owners with a written warning which had to be signed confirming they would no longer sell protected marine life in their establishments.
On Dec 6, DMCR official told visited a further five restaurants in Karon – Food Market, On Lee, On Lee 1, Ying and Karon Seafood – and although no protected marine life was douind on sale at the time, the owners were presented and made to sign the same document confirming they would not feature protected marine life such as Parrotfish, Bowmouth guitarfish or Shark Ray on their menus.
On Nov 19, the DMCR Phuket office inspected a number of seafood restaurants in Karon after Zebra shark and Bull sharks were alleged to have been found being sold on a menu at restaurant in the popular tourist town.
Parrotfish eats algae and dead coral. Each parrotfish poop fine white sand – lots of it! Each parrotfish produces up to 300 kilograms of sand each year.
This picture also clearly shows a Guitar Shark, also supposed to be a protected species.
So they were told they were in contravention but no mention if they were charged which means probably not so  foreigners are jailed for simply feeding fish and they're not presumably because they're locals and above the law, what a  country and worthy of unesco heritage listing when you can eat protected marine life at the local restaurant.


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New recipe with the same ingredients, Digital Identity 2020+
by Jorge del Prado
I recently had the privilege of attending "Think. Digital Identity for Government" event in a magnificent building, home of the Institution of Civil Engineers - at One Great George Street in London. It was a relatively intimate event attended by the most influential digital identity officers in government, technology innovators and practitioners.
We shared the stage for the finale, the 'Future of Digital Identity' and met with dozens of people all stakeholders in the key decisions we need to make involving the future of digital identity!
I took four major learnings away from the conference
1: The UK is very protective on identity matters. Being Spanish, I was surprised such a leading country didn't have a national ID card or any mandatory way of identification. Along the years I have learned that UK culture preserves people's identity as a fundamental right to the point that issuing a mandatory ID is considered a breach on the mutual trust between government and citizens.
The reality is the digital world is a big threat to this status quo and the UK will need to make decisions to be safe in a fully digital environment. My first takeaway was that the decision won't be issuing a National ID card so all other options need to be on the table, perhaps the solution will come from aggregating verifiable 'optional' ID's in a new way?
2: Self-Sovereign Identity is part of the future. If we understand self-sovereign identity as an identity fully controlled by the identity holder, self-sovereign identity is not only a trend but a reality. SSID in its "blockchain" form is one most talked about and has many obstacles, but other models are gaining mindshare like a self-sovereign mobile wallet or other forms of eID governed by the individual.
If we accept the people of the UK considers identity governance as a fundamental right for each citizen, it seems logical to me that self-sovereign Identity will be part of the recipe.
3: No global standards are emerging. A trending topic in government conversations is creating a digital identity that can be trusted globally, that is aligned with international standards, has no borders, no political or geographic limitations. That is far from trivial, so where are these international standards and are they complimentary?
eIDAS. The EU is proud to have created a digital identity framework that can allow interoperation inside the EU. I do see one weak link in the chain here - this model is based on the use of digital certificates that citizens have to manage. A big assumption here is if you have the certificate you are the person the certificate was issued to, but this is far too big an assumption. People usually install these certificated in multiple devices and in multiple locations (home and work usually). Even if the model is technically valid and follows 'world-wide best practice' I don't see it expanding as the global standard. Can we do better than this? Can we provide digital credentials that absolutely confirm the identity of the holder and make the job of self-management much simpler?
NIST SP 800-63-X Guidelines. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has created a set of guidelines around digital identity that are a great tool to build a digital identity framework. These guidelines are used worldwide by digital identity related companies and are a common foundation to build solid digital identity technology and ecosystems.
ISO. ISO29003 for Identity Proofing, ISO24760 for Identity Management and the not released yet ISO18013 for Mobile driver licenses are a small subset of ISO standards linked to digital identity, proofing and verification in one way or another. These also need to be considered when defining identity programs at a government level ( if the UK wants to be aligned with the rest of the world ). Even then, adoption and interpretation of these standards in isolation or together with others make the final recipe unique for each context, country or region.
GPG45. These are the UK guidelines for identity proofing and verification of individuals. They summarize other guidelines coming from ISO or NIST to create a set that is more aligned to the UK context. They are another tool to build digital identity ecosystems, I believe they are very well explained and relatively easy to understand and apply. They will need some adaptation to recent technology trends particularly with innovations in smart devices and biometrics, but they are not outdated yet.
There is, in summary, a lot of amazing work already done to define standards, technologies and methodologies to create and manage digital identities. In some sense the ingredients are the same for everybody but the recipe is different across regions and departments, so they are more or less favourable depending on taste. I don't see a solution for this in the short term, countries tend to believe in their own approach and that approach cannot be imposed on others.
4: UK government has an opportunity to make a difference. I didn't think I was going to say this in my life, but Brexit has brought a great opportunity to the UK in the context of digital identity. UK government now has a blank(ish) canvas and it can make its own decision around digital identity without depending on any decision in Brussels or elsewhere. This presents some risks, but I see it more as an opportunity in this specific domain. I honestly think the UK culture is, in general, one of the most pragmatic, decisive and forward thinking and can blaze a trail.
Let's wait and see what it is to come for the UK in Digital Identity and how companies working in that domain fit in. Exciting times are to come, let's enjoy them together.
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Navy's circular on NOC for constructions condemned by TCP
Porvorim: Goa Forward Party Chief and Town and Country Planning Minister Vijai Sardesai has said that the TCP board has rejected the circular issued by Indian Navy making their NOC compulsory for constructions within 20 kilometres of Aerodrome.
Town and Country Planning Board which met under the chairmanship of Sardesai took strong objection to the circular, which was conveyed to them through a letter by South Goa District Collector.
The airport is located in South Goa.
"We have received a letter from South Goa Collector south saying that 20 kms from aerodrome, anything that is constructed or erected, even a tree planted, should come with NOC from the Naval Authorities," Sardesai said.
"I am aghast that this kind of circular can be issued," he commented adding that the board has taken strong objection to the circular, which will affect majority part of Goa.
He said he would take up the issue with Union Civil Aviation Minister Suresh Prabhu.
"South Goa collector has fallen pray to the tactics of the naval authorities and has issued the circular.
This is a serious issue," he said.
"We are not going to agree to anything of this sort.
I also going to take this up with union civil aviation minister because this is issue of Goa's identity as a State," the minister said.
"Goa is not a Naval Enclave. It is not the case that the Portuguese has gone and Navy has come to Goa," he said.
Sardesai pointed out that in April 2018, the High Court Bench at Mumbai had cleared height restrictions in Mumbai.
"The height restrictions in Mumbai is 300 metres. In Goa, the maximum height is 24 metres. If Mumbai, they are clearing 300 metres, what is the issue in Goa? We are condemning this," he said referring to the circular.
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The Best USB-C Docks for Your New MacBook Pro
The new MacBook Pro ditches old-style USB ports, so we tested a bunch of docks that can help you get your ports back.
By Sascha Segan
Sascha Segan
Lead Analyst, Mobile
I'm that 5G guy. I've actually been here for every "G." I've reviewed well over a thousand products during 18 years working full-time at PCMag.com, including every generation of the iPhone and the Samsung Galaxy S. I also write a weekly newsletter, Fully Mobilized, where I obsess about phones and networks.
https://www.pcmag.com/news/the-best-usb-c-docks-for-your-new-macbook-pro
Goodbye, USB Type-A. I'd say it feels like we hardly knew you, but we knew you all too well, and as a result pro users' desks are festooned with devices that aren't compatible with the new Macbook Pro lineup. Apple isn't standing alone here, though. Many of the latest ultraportable laptops, such as the new HP Spectre 13 x360, are switching over to USB-C as well, although they aren't entirely casting off USB Type-A yet.
So how do you hook up these new MacBook Pros to your old peripherals? Accessory makers are aggressively churning out docks and adapters, from the small and inexpensive to the gigantic and comprehensive. We tested three good ones, two bad ones, and some smaller adapters.
Since we don't have a new Mac here yet, we tested a bunch of docks and adapters with 13- and 15-inch HP Spectre x360 laptops. One of them, the Caldigit USB-C dock, did not work properly with our Windows laptops. We're going to re-test it with new Mac laptops before writing a full review.
There's not one good dock for everyone, because it depends on what ports you need. Monitors, especially, seem to demand a different dock for every possible port. Here's how the devices we tested shook out. All of them power your laptop, whether through their own power supplies or with passthrough power.
Don't need a monitor? If you don't need an external monitor, for instance, the Aukey CB-C25(Opens in a new window) will do just fine. It sells for only $25 at Amazon and has Ethernet, pass-through power, and three USB ports—enough for a keyboard, a monitor, and a hard drive. In our testing, it had no problem handling a 150Mbps FIOS connection and a 400MBps solid-state drive (SSD), for a fraction of the price of a full-size dock.
HDMI but no Ethernet. If you need HDMI, but no Ethernet, Satechi's Slim 4K Multi-Port Adapter(Opens in a new window) ($59.99) is the way to go.
USB, Ethernet, and 4K HDMI. The Plugable USB-C Docking Station lets you attach a wired network, storage, and a monitor to your USB-C laptop.
USB, Ethernet, 4K HDMI, and an SD card slot. OWC's USB-C Dock wasn't our favorite because of its odd materials and lack of a mic jack, but it adds an SD card slot to the mix.
USB, Ethernet, and DVI. Only the Plugable USB-C Triple Display Docking Station gives you a real DVI port, although it's a bit temperamental and doesn't support huge displays.
No DisplayPort connectors yet. None of the working docks we tried had a true DisplayPort output. If that's what you need, keep an eye out for our review of Caldigit's dock.
Stay away from Thunderbolt 3 until December. A string of new Thunderbolt 3 docks will be coming out between now and the end of the year - Belkin just announced one(Opens in a new window) - and we've heard from people in the industry that Apple's new laptops may require firmware updates for existing Thunderbolt 3 devices. If you're interested in a Thunderbolt 3–based docking station for your Mac, wait until at least Christmas for the situation to shake out.
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Acer's $1,000 Bike Desk Can Charge Your Laptop as You Pedal
Glorious PC Gaming Race Finally Rebrands
The Best Docking Stations for Windows Laptops in 2023
By Jerry Jackson & Eric Grevstad
The Best MacBook Docking Stations for 2023
About Sascha Segan
Read Sascha's full bio
Read the latest from Sascha Segan
The Best Cheap Phone Plans for 2023
5 Times We Were Very, Very Wrong
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Newswise — New York, NY, June 8, 2015 - Professional physician associations consider certain routine tests before elective surgery to be of low value and high cost, and have sought to discourage their utilization. Nonetheless, a new national study by researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center finds that despite these peer-reviewed recommendations, no significant changes have occurred over a 14-year period in the rates of several kinds of these pre-operative tests.
The results are to publish online on June 8, 2015 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Conflicts and disclosures: Dr. Ladapo reports serving as a consultant to CardioDx, Inc., a molecular diagnostics company that develops clinical tests focused on coronary artery disease.
Funding: This study was supported by grant K23 H116787 to Dr. Ladapo from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Investigators: Besides Drs. Ladapo and Sigmund, Elizabeth R. Stevens, MPH, of the Department of Population Health and Jeanna D. Blitz, MD, of the Department of Anesthesia, both in NYU School of Medicine, were involved in the study.
About NYU Langone Medical CenterNYU Langone Medical Center, a world-class, patient-centered, integrated academic medical center, is one of the nation's premier centers for excellence in clinical care, biomedical research, and medical education. Located in the heart of Manhattan, NYU Langone is composed of four hospitals--Tisch Hospital, its flagship acute care facility; Rusk Rehabilitation; the Hospital for Joint Diseases, the Medical Center's dedicated inpatient orthopaedic hospital; and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, a comprehensive pediatric hospital supporting a full array of children's health services across the Medical Center--plus the NYU School of Medicine, which since 1841 has trained thousands of physicians and scientists who have helped to shape the course of medical history. The Medical Center's tri-fold mission to serve, teach, and discover is achieved 365 days a year through the seamless integration of a culture devoted to excellence in patient care, education, and research. For more information, go to http://www.NYULangone.org, and interact with us on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.


Josh and Gabe are joined by Angelica Jade Bastién on this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema to discuss Marvel's "Doctor Strange."
On this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema, Josh and Gabe talk about the 1996 sequel "Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco."
Josh Spiegel writes about the incredible new film "Moonlight" and how it stands apart from other, more traditional coming-of-age films.
Josh Spiegel writes this essay in celebration of the 70th anniversary of Powell and Pressburger's "A Matter of Life and Death."
Josh and Gabe are joined by Louis Peitzman of Buzzfeed on this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema, to discuss "Hocus Pocus."
Josh and Gabe are joined by Eric Goldman of IGN to talk about Wes Craven's iconic horror film "Scream" on this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema.
On this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema, Josh and Gabe celebrate the 30th anniversary of Martin Scorsese's "The Color of Money" with guest Noel Murray.
Josh Spiegel writes about the ascendant rise to stardom Kevin Hart is experiencing on the eve of his new stand-up special "Kevin Hart: What Now?"
Gabe and Josh are joined on this episode of Mousterpiece Cinema by Jason Bailey of Flavorwire to discuss Mira Nair's "Queen of Katwe."
In this episode, Josh and Gabe are joined by Alexander Huls to talk about M. Night Shyamalan's "The Village."


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March 23, 2011 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
A FAREWELL TO THE SINGLE CONVENTION
A FAREWELL TO THE SINGLE CONVENTION Thursday 24 March 2011 18.30 In front of Gate I at the entrance to VIC
FROM THE COMMISSION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS, DAY 1 + 2
Encod has sent a delegation to the 54th. session of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs Here is a first impression of Encod's president Fredrick Polak 23 March 2011
October 24, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
PLAN C: PROGRESS REPORT 3
In the end of june 2010 we launched "Plan C" with the purpose of obtaining the legal import of traditional derivates of the coca leaf in Europe. See also the first progress report of August and September 2010 Here we present you the report of October. We have also publish the full report of the […]
September 17, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
In the end of june 2010 we launched "Plan C" with the purpose of obtaining the legal import of traditional derivates of the coca leaf in Europe. See also the first progress report of August and October Herewith we present you the report on the current situation of 18 September 2010
August 11, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
PROGRESS REPORT OF PLAN C
In the end of june 2010 we launched "Plan C" with the purpose of obtaining the legal import of traditional derivates of the coca leaf in Europe. We present you a progress report until the month of August.See also the progress report of September 2010 and October2010
June 24, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
PLAN C
Read also the first progress report of August, the report of September, that of October and of April 2011 On 4 March 2009 we organised the conference "Coca 2009 – from persecution to proposal" in the European Parliament in Brussels.
May 12, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
REPORT ON CND MEETING
Report on the 53d session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) in Vienna, 8 – 12 March 2010 Watch Encods video report on the CND Meeting.
March 3, 2010 | By ENCOD | In 2010 - 2013
ENCOD STATEMENT TO THE MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT
On 19 March 2010, the following statement was printed in the Malaysian newspaper The Sun. It was also presented during picket-line manifestations in front of the Malaysian Embassies and consulates in Copenhagen, Kathmandu, London, Los Angeles, New York, Paris (on 4 March 2010) and Vienna (on 8 March 2010). Letters were delivered to Malaysian embassies […]


If she accepts water for cleansing the teeth, there is an offence of wrong-doing.
If one is filled with desire (and) she accepts, thinking, "I will eat, I will partake of," there is an offence of wrong-doing. For every mouthful, there is an offence of wrong-doing. If she accepts water for cleansing the teeth, there is an offence of wrong-doing.
There is no offence if neither comes to be filled with desire; if she accepts, knowing, "He is not filled with desire"; if he is mad, if she is the first wrong-doer.


Minor matter is the second part of a trilogy of trios (BLUE, RED, WHITE) that includes Sorrow Swag, which premiered in 2014 and won the prestigious Prix Jardin d'Europe.
Crawling out of a miniature house, crushing abundant fallen leaves, one gets the impression of people residing on a different sphere.
Injury is something that has dictated many critical moments in Charlotta Ofverholm's life and in the lives of her peers.