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The epistle's title has always been "1 John." It is the first and largest in a series of 3 epistles that bear the Apostle John's name. Since the letter identifies no specific church, location, or individual to whom it was sent, its classification is as a "general epistle." Although 1 John does not exhibit some of the general characteristics of an epistle common to that time (e.g., no introduction, greeting, or concluding salutation), its intimate tone and content indicate that the term "epistle" still applies to it.
Author and Date
The epistle does not identify the author, but the strong, consistent and earliest testimony of the church ascribes it to John the disciple and apostle (cf. Luke 6:13,14). This anonymity strongly affirms the early church's identification of the epistle with John the apostle, for only someone of John's well known and preeminent status as an apostle would be able to write with such unmistakable authority, expecting complete obedience from his readers, without clearly identifying himself (e.g., 4:6). He was well known to the readers so he didn't need to mention his name.
John and James, his older brother (Acts 12:2), were known as "the sons of Zebedee" (Matt.10:2–4), whom Jesus gave the name "Sons of Thunder" (Mark 3:17). John was one of the 3most intimate associates of Jesus (along with Peter and James—cf. Matt. 17:1; 26:37), beingan eyewitness to and participant in Jesus' earthly ministry (1:1–4). In addition to the 3 epistles,John also authored the fourth gospel, in which he identified himself as the disciple "whomJesus loved" and as the one who reclined on Jesus' breast at the Last Supper (John 13:23;19:26; 20:2; 21:7,20). He also wrote the book of Revelation (Rev. 1:1).
Precise dating is difficult because no clear historical indications of date exist in 1 John. Most likely John composed this work in the latter part of the first century. Church tradition consistently identifies John in his advanced age as living and actively writing during this time at Ephesus in Asia Minor. The tone of the epistle supports this evidence since the writer gives the strong impression that he is much older than his readers (e.g., "my little children"—2:1,18,28). The epistle and John's gospel reflect similar vocabulary and manner of expression(see Historical and Theological Themes). Such similarity causes many to date the writing of
John's epistles as occurring soon after he composed his gospel. Since many date the gospel during the later part of the first century, they also prefer a similar date for the epistles. Furthermore, the heresy John combats most likely reflects the beginnings of Gnosticism (see Background and Setting) which was in its early stages during the latter third of the first century when John was actively writing. Since no mention is made of the persecution under Domitian, which began about A.D. 95, it may have been written before that began. In light of such factors, a reasonable date for 1 John is ca. A.D. 90–95. It was likely written from Ephesus to the churches of Asia Minor over which John exercised apostolic leadership.
Background and Setting
Although he was greatly advanced in age when he penned this epistle, John was still actively ministering to churches. He was the sole remaining apostolic survivor who had intimate, eyewitness association with Jesus throughout His earthly ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension. The church Fathers (e.g., Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius) indicate that after that time, John lived at Ephesus in Asia Minor, carrying out an extensive evangelistic program, overseeing many of the churches that had arisen, and conducting an extensive writing ministry (e.g., epistles, The Gospel of John, and Revelation). One church Father (Papias) who had direct contact with John described him as a "living and abiding voice." As the last remaining apostle, John's testimony was highly authoritative among the churches. Many eagerly sought to hear the one who had first-hand experience with the Lord Jesus.
Ephesus (cf. Acts 19:10) lay within the intellectual center of Asia Minor. As predicted years before by the Apostle Paul (Acts 20:28–31), false teachers arising from within the church's own ranks, saturated with the prevailing climate of philosophical trends, began infecting the church with false doctrine, perverting fundamental apostolic teaching. These false teachers advocated new ideas which eventually became known as "Gnosticism" (from the Gr. word "knowledge"). After the Pauline battle for freedom from the law, Gnosticism was the most dangerous heresy that threatened the early church during the first 3 centuries. Most likely, John was combating the beginnings of this virulent heresy that threatened to destroy the fundamentals of the faith and the churches (see Interpretive Challenges).
Gnosticism, influenced by such philosophers as Plato, advocated a dualism asserting that matter was inherently evil and spirit was good. As a result of this presupposition, these false teachers, although attributing some form of deity to Christ, denied his true humanity to preserve Him from evil. It also claimed elevated knowledge, a higher truth known only to those in on the deep things. Only the initiated had the mystical knowledge of truth that was higher even than the Scripture
Instead of divine revelation standing as judge over man's ideas, man's ideas judged God's revelation (2:15–17). The heresy featured two basic forms. First, some asserted that Jesus' physical body was not real but only "seemed" to be physical (known as "Docetism" from a Gr. word that means "to appear"). John forcefully affirmed the physical reality of Jesus by reminding his readers that he was an eyewitness to Him ("heard," "seen," " handled," "JesusChrist has come in the flesh"—1:1–4; 4:2,3). According to early tradition (Irenaeus), another form of this heresy which John may have attacked was led by a man named Cerinthus, who contended that the Christ's "spirit" descended on the human Jesus at his baptism but left him just before his crucifixion. John wrote that the Jesus who was baptized at the beginning of His ministry was the same person who was crucified on the cross (5:6).
Such heretical views destroy not only the true humanity of Jesus, but also the atonement, for Jesus must not only have been truly God, but also the truly human (and physically real) man who actually suffered and died upon the cross in order to be the acceptable substitutionary sacrifice for sin (cf. Heb. 2:14–17). The biblical view of Jesus affirms His complete humanity as well as His full deity.
The gnostic idea that matter was evil and only spirit was good led to the idea that either the body should be treated harshly, a form of asceticism (e.g., Colossians 2:21–23), or sin committed in the body had no connection or effect on one's spirit. This led some, especially John's opponents, to conclude that sin committed in the physical body did not matter; absolute indulgence in immorality was permissible; one could deny sin even existed (1:8–10) and disregard God's law (3:4). John emphasized the need for obedience to God's laws, for he defined the true love of God as obedience to His commandments (5:3).
A lack of love for fellow believers characterizes false teachers, especially as they react against anyone rejecting their new way of thinking (3:10–18). They separated their deceived followers from the fellowship of those who remained faithful to apostolic teaching, leading John to reply that such separation outwardly manifested that those who followed false teachers lacked genuine salvation (2:19). Their departure left the other believers, who remained faithful to apostolic doctrine, shaken. Responding to this crisis, the aged apostle wrote to reassure those remaining faithful and to combat this grave threat to the church. Since the heresy was so acutely dangerous and the time period was so critical for the church in danger of being overwhelmed by false teaching, John gently, lovingly, but with unquestionable apostolic authority, sent this letter to churches in his sphere of influence to stem this spreading plague of false doctrine.
Historical and Theological Themes
In light of the circumstances of the epistle, the overall theme of 1 John is "a recall to the fundamentals of the faith" or "back to the basics of Christianity." The apostle deals with certainties, not opinions or conjecture. He expresses the absolute character of Christianity in very simple terms; terms that are clear and unmistakable, leaving no doubt as to the fundamental nature of those truths. A warm, conversational, and above all, loving tone occurs, like a father having a tender, intimate conversation with his children.
First John also is pastoral, written from the heart of a pastor who has concern for his people. As a shepherd, John communicated to his flock some very basic, but vitally essential, principles reassuring them regarding the basics of the faith. He desired them to have joy regarding the certainty of their faith rather than being upset by the false teaching and current defections of some (1:4).
The book's viewpoint, however, is not only pastoral but also polemical; not only positive but also negative. John's refutes the defectors from sound doctrine, exhibiting no tolerance for those who pervert divine truth. He labels those departing from the truth as "false prophets" (4:1), "those who try to deceive" (2:26; 3:7), and "antichrists" (2:18). He pointedly identifies the ultimate source of all such defection from sound doctrine as demonic (4:1–7).
The constant repetition of 3 sub-themes reinforces the overall theme regarding faithfulness to the basics of Christianity: happiness (1:4), holiness (2:1), and security (5:13). By faithfulness to the basics, his readers will experience these 3 results continually in their lives. These 3 factors also reveal the key cycle of true spirituality in 1 John: a proper belief in Jesus produces obedience to His commands; obedience issues in love for God and fellow believers (e.g., 3:23,24). When these 3 (sound faith, obedience, love) operate in concert together, they result in happiness, holiness and assurance. They constitute the evidence, the litmus test, of a true Christian.
Interpretive Challenges
Theologians debate the precise nature of the false teachers' beliefs in 1 John, because John does not directly specify their beliefs, but rather combats the heretics mainly through a positive restatement of the fundamentals of the faith. The main feature of the heresy, as noted above, seems to be a denial of the incarnation, i.e., Christ had not come in the flesh. This was most likely an incipient or beginning form of Gnosticism, as was pointed out.
The interpreter is also challenged by the rigidity of John's theology. John presents the basics or fundamentals of the Christian life in absolute, not relative, terms. Unlike Paul, who presented exceptions, and dealt so often with believers' failures to meet the divine standard, John does not deal with the "what if I fail" issues. Only in 2:1,2 does he give some relief from the absolutes. The rest of the book presents truths in black and white rather than shades of gray, often through a stark contrast, e.g., "light" vs. "darkness" (1:5,7; 2:8–11); truth vs. lies (2:21,22; 4:1); children of God vs. children of the devil (3:10). Those who claim to be Christians must absolutely display the characteristics of genuine Christians: sound doctrine, obedience, and love. Those who are truly born again have been given a new nature, which givesevidence of itself. Those who do not display characteristics of the new nature don't have it, sowere never truly born again. The issues do not center (as much of Paul's writing does) inmaintaining temporal or daily fellowship with God but the application of basic tests in one'slife to confirm that salvation has truly occurred. Such absolute distinctions were alsocharacteristic of John's gospel.
In a unique fashion, John challenges the interpreter by his repetition of similar themes over and over to emphasize the basic truths about genuine Christianity. Some have likened John's repetition to a spiral that moves outward, becoming larger and larger, each time spreading the same truth over a wider area and encompassing more territory. Others have seen the spiral as moving inward, penetrating deeper and deeper into the same themes while expanding on his thoughts. However one views the spiraling pattern, John uses repetition of basic truths as a means to accentuate their importance and to help his readers understandand remember them.
I. The Fundamental Tests of Genuine Fellowship—SPIRAL I (1:1–2:17)
A. The Fundamental Tests of Doctrine (1:1–2:2)
1. A biblical view of Christ (1:1–4)
2. A biblical view of sin (1:5–2:2)
B. The Fundamental Tests of Morals (2:3–17)
1. A biblical view of obedience (2:3–6)
2. A biblical view of love (2:7–17)
a. The love that God requires (2:7–11)
b. The love that God hates (2:12–17)
II. The Fundamental Tests of Genuine Fellowship—SPIRAL II (2:18–3:24)
A.Part 2 of the Doctrinal Test (2:18–27)
1. Antichrists depart from Christian fellowship (2:18–21)
2. Antichrists deny the Christian faith (2:22–25)
3. Antichrists deceive the Christian faithful (2:26, 27)
B. Part 2 of the Moral Test (2:28–3:24)
1. The purifying hope of the Lord's return (2:28–3:3)
2. The Christian's incompatibility with sin (3:4–24)
a. The requirement of righteousness (3:4–10)
b. The requirement of love (3:11–24)
III. The Fundamental Tests of Genuine Fellowship—SPIRAL III (4:1–21)
A. Part 3 of the Doctrinal Test (4:1–6)
1. The demonic source of false doctrine (4:1–3)
2. The need for sound doctrine (4:4–6)
B. Part 3 of the Moral Test (4:7–21)
1. God's character of love (4:7–10)
2. God's requirement of love (4:11–21)
IV. The Fundamental Tests of Genuine Fellowship—SPIRAL IV (5:1–21)
A. The Victorious Life in Christ (5:1–5)
B. The Witness of God for Christ (5:6–12)
C. Christian Certainties Because of Christ (5:13–21)
1. The certainty of eternal life (5:13)
2. The certainty of answered prayer (5:14–17)
3. The certainty of victory over sin and Satan (5:18–21)


I want to create new wallet using Electrum-apis. I have gone through the documentation given here but didn't found any method to create a new wallet or an address.
Can someone please clarify how I can achieve this?
There is nothing special about an electrum wallet. The electrum API will allow you to query address balances, and build transactions, for any address, regardless of how they were created.
Electrum itself does use a special key derivation scheme, but that does not affect the usability from an API point of view. If you are using electrum servers as a backend, you should be able to generate wallets using any BIP39 library in your language of choice, and simply querying with the resulting addresses.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged wallet api json-rpc electrum hd-wallet or ask your own question.


KARACHI: In the final part of the series, political party members who drafted the manifestos describe the intensive process behind it.
Policy hawks were deeply involved in developing manifestos for the 2008 elections, and say that the manifestos are used by political parties to strategise and develop their position on issues.
Sherry Rehman, who headed the PPP's policy planning committee, says the manifesto was a "culmination of a long process of consultation". PPP's manifesto emerged from work done by the policy planning committee which had several sub-committees dealing with areas such as health, education and the economy. Rehman said the committees met throughout the year, consulted with experts in the field and submitted their drafts to the policy planning committee which would then finalise them. "Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto did not want to go into these elections without a clear policy agenda," Rehman recalled. The final process of drafting the manifesto – which she says "we were very passionate about" – was done by Rehman, Kamal Azfar and Javed Laghari, who incorporated the policy papers into the manifesto and looked at how they would budget or mobilise funds for plans.
"We had meetings in Dubai with Mohtarma and frequent e-mail exchanges. There was a peer review process as well. Party heavyweights disseminated the document within the party, down to the union councils and would come back to us with feedback." Rehman then finalised the manifesto with Bhutto which was launched prior to her assassination.
Sartaj Aziz, who chaired the PML-N's policy planning committee that developed the 2008 manifesto, said, "Since we did not know when the elections would take place, we had time to develop it. We went through about six or seven drafts and input was taken from Nawaz and Shahbaz Sharif and the Central Working Committee." Aziz said a priority such as the judiciary issue was pushed to the top of the agenda because of the ongoing crisis before the elections.
Sardar Ahmed, who served as the honorary secretary of MQM's manifesto committee for the 2002 and 2008 general elections, said the manifesto took two months of intensive work, and required communication with party leader Altaf Hussain and the Rabita Committee in Karachi and London. Priorities such as land reforms and provincial autonomy were highlighted.
According to these representatives, manifestos represent party policy and are used after parties come into power.
Rehman said PPP's manifesto was given to each cabinet member, and recalled several meetings where the cabinet had to measure its progress with the manifesto and roll out programmes. "Mohtarma also wanted us to develop a 100-day agenda because governments often get caught up and can't deliver … BB did not live to see it but this agenda was updated and used," she said, citing examples such as the rollback of curbs on the media and introducing the Benazir Income Support Programme.
Published in The Express Tribune, February 27th, 2011.


A few days ago, Gun Media and Illfonic released a teaser trailer confirming the arrival of the much-awaited Part IV Jason in "Friday the 13th: The Game." In addition, it was also confirmed that the iconic killer will be equipped with a new weapon. A new map that will feature Jarvis House is also confirmed coming to the game alongside the new Weather System. The new information claims that the upcoming variation of the game's main character will also have its own chase music.
It appears that Gun Media and Illfonic are adding special chase music to the upcoming Part IV Jason variation.
Aside from the upcoming variation, Part IX Jason will also receive its own chase music. The information was shared by the co-creator of "Friday the 13th: The Game" Robby Hobbs.
In an interaction with a fan on Twitter, Hobbs revealed that both iterations of the iconic killer will get special cue music every time they run after the Counselors. While there is already a confirmation of the additional effects, the co-creator failed to disclose the date these effects will be added.
Yes, he will. Part 9 is being added as well.
Aside from the new chase music, content creator Slash 'N Cast revealed in a video a few days ago the new weapon that will be released alongside Part IV Jason.
The information was supplied to them by the creator himself, Wes Keltner. The killer will be equipped with the Pig Splitter. The weapon is a long-handled butcher knife. This new deadly weapon will come handy when severing the heads of the Counselors.
Aside from the new weapon and the new chase music, a brand new map will also be enjoyed by players.
The map features the Jarvis House. Fans are speculating that the house will play a significant part in the new map. There is also a cabin shown in the teaser trailer, which indicates an expansive area that Counselors and Jason can explore.
The trailer also shows the new Weather System that will soon be infused in the asymmetrical horror title. This was first seen by some fans in the Developer Diary released by Gun Media and Illfonic several weeks ago. Fans noticed that the latest teaser trailer has a stormy weather giving them the impression that the Weather System is already implemented in the game.
The addition of this feature will make "Friday the 13th: The Game" more exciting and challenging. Running after Counselors in a slippery and ground is not only fun but also tricky.
You can check out the latest teaser trailer that features Part IV Jason and the Jarvis House.


Chinese food is one of the great comfort foods,however it could be a caloric bomb waiting to destroy your physique!!! Today we are sharing a healthy spin on the typical buffet style fried green beans.
You can enjoy this delicious side dish without all the added sodium and oils. Add a cup of chickpeas and you have a healthy and hearty meal that will leave you feeling good.
Cook the green beans in a pot of boiling salted water until JUST crisp-tender (about 3 minutes) plunge into an ice water bath to cool completely.
Drain well and pat the beans dry using paper towels.
Heat sesame oil in a wok or large skillet over high heat; add in garlic and chili flakes (if using) stir-fry 1 minute.
Add in beans and stir-fry for about 2 minutes.
Add in soy sauce, rice vinegar, maple syrup and black pepper; cook until the sauce reduces slightly and coats the beans (about 1-1/2-2 minutes longer).
or arrowroot with a small amount of cold water and add in towards the end.
Add in the almonds or sesame seeds; toss to coat and transfer to a bowl.


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News | iran economy |
70% Reduction in Poultry Feed Importers
EghtesadOnline: The number of importers of livestock and poultry feed raw materials has reduced by 70% in the first half of the current year (March 20-Sept. 21).
According to Abolhassan Khalili, the head of Livestock and Poultry Feed Importers Union, 403 companies were engaged in the import of livestock and poultry feed during the first half of the last Iranian year, which number has now fallen to 111 and counting.
"Unlike what most officials assume, money transfer is a much bigger problem than the government's allocation of foreign currency. The transfer of foreign currencies other than the South Korean won, the Omani rial, the Iraqi dinar and the Pakistani rupee creates multiple challenges for importers. The 56% decline in the import of unprocessed vegetable oil, 60% soybean meal, 23% barley and the 35% decrease in oilseed import from March 20 to Sept. 11 compared with the corresponding period of last year is indicative of import problems," he was quoted as saying by IRIB News.
Shortage of poultry feed has become a growing problem, putting the entire poultry industry at risk.
According to Gholamali Fareqi, the head of Day-Old Chicken Producers Association, broiler chicken farms alone have suffered losses worth 20 trillion rials ($67 million) over the past six months.
The shortage of animal feed (corn and soybean meal) is expected to impact the prices of chicken and eggs in the coming months. This year's (March 2020-21) imports of animal feed plunged by almost half of last year's volume due to the rising value of US dollar and depreciation of local currency.
Poultry industry works by means of a simple mechanism, Mehdi Masoumi Isfahani, a member of Tehran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture and an industry player, says.
"The timely supply of raw material guarantees the timely production of chicken and eggs. The government supplies raw materials and the Central Bank of Iran allocates the needed foreign currency. The Agriculture Ministry is responsible for the level of output and the pricing is carried out by the Ministry of Industries, Mining and Trade. Therefore, chicken farmers have no authority when it comes to making decisions and policies," he told the TCCIM website.
Isfahani said whatever happens with the market, from price gouging to price cut to shortage of products or their abundance, the government is responsible; chicken farmers should not be blamed.
"Since the beginning of the current Iranian year [March 20], the supply of poultry feed has been carried out in a disorderly fashion, as a result, the market has been affected negatively. Government organizations need to collaborate with each other and we, chicken farmers, will do our jobs, i.e., producing chicken and eggs," he concluded.
His comments come as, according to reports, some chicken farmers set up temporary chicken-raising coops to secure cheap, subsidized poultry feed from the government and then sell the feed at free market rates.
Free market prices of animal feed are four times more than the government prices. Such practices are believed to be one of the main reasons behind egg price increases of late.
"Importers of livestock and poultry feed are only the government's designated agents in procuring the goods; they don't have a role in the distribution of products," Abbas Hajizadeh, the secretary of Iran's Livestock and Poultry Feed Importers Union, said.
"The president's chief of staff [Mahmoud Vaezi] recently claimed that middlemen engaged in the import and distribution of subsidized goods have caused a food price increase. Importers as the first link in the supply chain of animal feed don't have a role to play in the distribution and pricing of commodities. Importers of essential goods deliver products to those who have hawala transaction documents issued by the Agriculture Ministry as soon as they clear the goods at ports and customs," he said.
Livestock importers materials
Rise in Livestock Smuggling Into Iraqi Kurdistan
Latest on Light-Weight Livestock Count
Livestock Production at 15.5m Tons Last Year
Rise in Livestock, Poultry Feed Imports
CBI Chief Downplays Swiss Payment Mechanism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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PS3 - Who's going get one for wipEout HD?
When will WIPEOUT HD be avaliable for PC.......?
Sony Reveals More WipE'0ut" HD Details..
Bring Back The NegCon Controller For The Ps3 !
Wipeout HD trailer in the PSN, HD quality!
3 video's from the preview build..
Will a Blu-Ray retail version of WipeoutHD be released?
HD's use of the PS3 CPU.
FX350 Logo - WO3 AGSYS?
HD...how do you handle velocity???
How many GB is Wipeout HD?
Wipeout HD: Is it worth £350?
Will it be possible to use old wipeout music on HD?
THE WipEout to end all WipEouts???
Would you be open to a online no-barrel-roll club?
Will Wipeout HD be at Leipzig Games Con?
Omg finally what weve been waiting for!
How will Sony attract/gain new buyers interested in HD?
Any guesses as to how big (filesize) WO:HD will be?
What kind of DLC would you pay for, for WOHD?
Which Three tracks from Pure would you like to get as DLC for HD?
Just had to pop in to say W00000T!
Now I understand why WOHD got a 7.5 from GameSpot.
Who here has a headset for HD online?
I don't think I'm getting it.
Online Meetups: Sign up Here.
Thank you soooo much SL !
[G.A.M.E. 3.0] WipEout Edition: A custom soundtrack for WipEout:HD made by GAFers!
Zone mode and sharp turns?
Photo Mode Pics from Wipeout HD! Post Here!
So Is This just Pure On PS3???
VERY Cool WOHD Music Project!
Online Ranking and Pilot Assist.
Anybody else finding the speed grids hard to see?
How many races makes up a tournament?
Is there a 'point' to online?
Does the tiny font look any better on a 1080 screen?
Random HD Questions that don't need a thread of their own.
Campaign Mode! Whats your Stats!?
The game is a real stud with a terible hud!
Anyone have a screenshot of the chrome skin?
Résumé Circuit ?? Menu translations.
Full SIXAXIS pilots, advice & experiences.
How high can you go?!
What's the most times you've been eliminated in one race?
Nationality flags in the Lobby missing?
Online Modes - What would you like to see?
anyone else having difficulty getting online?
Do you think wipeout should have their own radio in game?
We're back because of HD - sign in here if you've returned to the zone for this.
WOHD will be out in japan!!
SL - Surely this isn't legal?
Piloting tips for Wipeout HD.
My idea for a new Game Mode: AG-R GP.
When the first download content will be released?
how do I justify buying a ps3 for one game?
Chenghou too difficult? Any tips?
if wipeout HD would have the skin editor what kind of skin you'd like to do?
Do you use Pilot assist??
Something strange with beating Zico.
A fun way to play.
Will I ever get used to Phantom?


1 in 10 people in the United States have a rare disease. Come connect with others who are interested in or have been impacted by rare diseases to hear about current research efforts in rare diseases and to hear stories from local families about living with rare diseases.
All are welcome! The event is free, but please fill out the registration form so we know to expect you.
You can also send us an email at baker@calvin.edu if you have additional questions or comments.
The event will be held at the Prince Conference Center (directions can be found here).
We are interested in hearing from patients, families, doctors, and social workers that would like to share their experiences related to rare diseases. Send us an e-mail at baker@calvin.edu and we will be happy to follow up with you.
The Rare Disease Research group at Calvin college is committed to better understanding the molecular basis of rare diseases to inform potential treatments and therapies and increase the availability of information for patients and their families affected by rare diseases.


text:
Interview: What you need to know about latest Gulf of Mexico lease sale
A Gulf Mexico platform / Image by BP
The U.S. last month held an offshore lease sale, attracting $244 million in high bids for 227 tracts in the Gulf of Mexico, which saw oil giant Shell snapping up the biggest number of blocks, Norway's Equinor submitting the highest bid for a single block, and ExxonMobil's absence from the sale.
Offshore Energy Today has caught up with William Turner, Senior Research Analyst – Gulf of Mexico at Wood Mackenzie to learn more on the bidding patterns, and trends, what message does Shell's acquisition of 87 blocks send to the players in the region, why Exxon wasn't there, what are some of the most interesting projects in the area this year, and if we can expect offshore rigs in the U.S. Atlantic any time soon – spoiler alert – we can't. Read the full interview below.
OET: How do you see the latest Gulf of Mexico lease sale? Did you expect this number in total high bids offered ($244 million)?
Turner: We were expecting flat to modest increase in spending, which we saw. One thing to consider was the increase in spend was outpaced by the increase in acreage, leading to a decline in average dollars per acre. Additionally, while the trends in the lease sales are continuing to increase, this sale still did not beat the Central lease sale in March 2017. So the region still has a way to get to a full recovery of investment.
OET: What are the work commitments and when can we expect to see the first concrete steps occurring in these blocks?
Turner: In US GoM there are no work commitments. The leases come with 5, 7 or 10-year lease terms depending on the water depth and the operators have that respective time-frame to drill and develop – or they can get a year-by-year extension approved with a robust development plan in place.
OET: What do you say about Shell submitting high bids for the most blocks (87)? What message does it send for the Gulf of Mexico offshore industry?
Turner: Shell are one of the most dominant players in US GoM and are clearly committed to keeping it that way. Unlike their peers, they did not bid with any partners demonstrating their independence in the region. While Shell and Chevron cannot bid together in the region, the two have recently partnered up on blocks that were held from previous sales, including some blocks that hold ultra-high-pressure prospects (20ksi operating pressure).
OET: While most blocks received single bids, two blocks in the Mississippi Canyon received four bids each. Any idea why these were the most attractive?
Turner: This is evidence that our industry is embracing Big Data. Many players in GoM are spending significant resources to reprocess seismic data. Today's technology and computing power can handle big seismic data much faster and adds a level of resolution to reveal targets that were passed up years ago. Talos and Equinor (among others) have been vocal about their data-heavy approach. Equinor demonstrated very deliberate and surgical moves with the second highest spend in the sale but on only three blocks; two of which were competitive.
OET: What are some other interesting points you've taken away from the latest GoM lease sale? What strategies could you pick up from the bidding patterns? Near-field blocks? Any frontier play opening areas being targeted?
Turner: A few interesting points: 1) There were no new entrants to the region and the only notable absence was ExxonMobil (which was not particularly surprising). This signals that those left in GoM are committed to the region and confidence is returning, however modestly.
2) There are some interesting partnerships trends in the region that continued into the lease sale. Majors and smaller players like Kosmos with Equinor, Fieldwood with Chevron, LLOG with BP and Talos with Ecopetrol demonstrates a shrinking pool of partners, but also an increased willingness of the majors to partner with these more nimble players.
3) With heavy bidding in the eastern side of the [available] area over the past three lease sales, there is speculation to a new play being targeted, deeper than the Norphlet. The target could be mid to early Jurassic or even Triassic.
Exxon looking elsewhere
OET: We saw several established names such as Shell, BP, Total, Equinor, Anadarko, BP, Hess, Murphy. However, there was no ExxonMobil bidding in the lease sale. How do you see this?
Turner: This is not particularly surprising as ExxonMobil has not shown a high interest in the region and are understood to be actively marketing at least a portion of its GoM portfolio. It has been vocal about divesting non-core assets to focus on pillars like Guyana, Permian, and Mozambique.
OET: What are some of the most exciting projects under development in the Gulf of Mexico you're currently watching? If I'm not mistaken, you've recently highlighted Chevron's Anchor project. Can you tell us more?
Turner: Anchor is very interesting and among three pivotal projects to deepwater GoM. Shenandoah and North Platte are the other two. Anchor is an ultra-high-pressure discovery – one which requires 20,000 psi operating pressure – and is likely to be the first of its kind in the world to be sanctioned. The success of these projects – whether defined onlookers as sanction or development – is likely to trigger more investment in ultra-high-pressure targets.
One telltale to Chevron's confidence in the progress of Anchor is their return to drilling ultra-high-pressure prospects in Kingsholm which we expect to be drilled by mid-year, and Crown which we expect to be drilled early next year.
Additionally, Appomattox is one to watch, with first oil expected soon, it will be the first production from the Norphlet play in the region, and like Anchor, success may trigger investment in Norphlet targets.
Atlantic drilling too expensive
OET: NOIA's Randall Luthi has recently stressed that the Gulf of Mexico is the ONLY offshore basin available for bidding in the U.S., while Oregon governor has recently signed into law a bill banning offshore drilling in the state.
Do you see offshore rigs coming to the Atlantic and the Pacific sides of the U.S. at all, given the opposition of the reps of coastal states there?
Turner: No…
OET: Luthi has also cited a report which claims that fiscal structure and the rate of return on investment in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico might be seen as less attractive compared to, say, Brazil, Mexico, and Guyana. Any thoughts?
Turner: We have run a sensitivity analysis on 18.75% vs 12.5% royalty rates and for most projects the chance would not move the project from "no-go" to "gGo". We reached out to some operators who confirmed the same in their view. Royalty Suspended Volumes (RSV) – the first X-amount of barrels carry no royalty at all – does a lot more to return capital faster and thus increase the IRR of a project. We have also written about incentives targeted to projects with higher technical specifications like Anchor mentioned above.
One example could be, if an operator logs a pressure and establishes the operating requirements to be above some threshold, then you qualify for some incentive. This could encourage operators to fund R&D programs at a higher rate and progress the technical capabilities in the region – then that technology could be used around the world.
OET: If we could also ask for a comment on the court decision to overturn President Trump's exec order revoking Obama's offshore drilling ban?
Turner: Regarding Atlantic drilling – look, there are large portions of Central and Western GoM that are already available, in geologic areas that are known well, much closer to infrastructure and accessible to construction yards, and with much less controversy than the Atlantic.
These deepwater acres already compete fiercely for capital with onshore/tight-oil investments. Much of the consideration for competition has to do with the long life cycle and heavy upfront capital required of deepwater projects.
Development in the Atlantic would be much longer life cycle and much more capital, simply because the area has not been developed at all. Under any circumstances, I would not predict seeing any capital move into the Atlantic before 2025.
Interview prepared by Bartolomej Tomić
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Posted on April 2, 2019 with tags Gulf of Mexico, Lease Sale, Wood Mackenzie.
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Editing Horizon:Volume 4C Chapter 93 (section)
==Chapter 93: Forerunner in a Gathering Place== [[Image:Horizon4C_0879.jpg|thumb]] ''When did ''We get so close ''And without even noticing it? '''Point Allocation (Looking Back) It was Avalon. Futayo was surprised when she continued below the entrance hall. "What is this place?" It was a circular space the same size as the entrance hall. The ceiling was tall and the passageway from the entrance hall was not a slope or stairway. It was a square black "gate" measuring 5 meters across. And inside… "A grassy plain, a forest, and a stream…" The greenery rising to ankle height and the forest giving off a leafy scent were real. The water of the stream audibly circulated and a light easily mistaken for the sun slowly revolved at the ceiling. "What is this…?" "It's the main garden." She heard someone step on the grass behind her and turned to see a half-dragon, a mobile shell, Masazumi, and Asama step through the "gate". And following them… "So Horizon-sama, Mitotsudaira-sama, and Mary-sama are with us too." She omitted the idiot and the ninja. Masazumi tilted her head as she looked around. "This is the same as Avalon's system. …And what do you mean this is the 'main garden'?" "Well," replied the mobile shell. "Our main garden is based on environmental construction technology cultivated since the Age of Dawn. I don't know what this Avalon you mentioned is, but this is either the starting point of that technology or one of the places that inherited that technology from the Age of the Gods." "A good analysis," said a voice. A giant tree stood in front of the large curving southern wall and the trunk had a blackboard hanging on it. They were indoors, but it still felt like an outdoor classroom. And someone stood there in black clothing. "Come here. …We have no time." Futayo looked to Masazumi and Masazumi looked to the idiot. The idiot turned to Princess Horizon. "U-um. …C-can we go? Is that okay?" "What has you so scared?" Princess Horizon called over a silver chain and had it dangle the idiot out in front. And just as they started to walk, the ninja suddenly spoke. "Everyone…look around you!" Asama activated Konoha, her false left eye, just in case. It instantly scanned her surroundings and confirmed there were no kinetic readings. As it did, it scanned the structure of the walls and placed line drawings over them. But… "That's…" The walls all around them had originally had some kind of pattern. Images had been carved into them. They formed giant reliefs far too large to see all at once even when viewed them from the center of the garden. The circular walls were decorated with a total of 8 engravings. Mary said what they were as her eyes widened and she eventually tilted her head. "That's the story of the Age of Dawn, isn't it?" "It is. And there are 8 of them. That's the same as the number of images on the partition screens last night. From what I can see, the distribution and order of the images is more or less the same…" This was a great discovery from an academic perspective. But Asama noticed something else as she followed Toori who looked up at the ceiling while carried by the silver chain. Konoha had not stopped working. There was something it had yet to scan. …''Eh? What? She did not know what this was. Perhaps it was gathering some initialization information after visiting this unfamiliar place. But at the same time… '''<Emergency: Class 1 Taboo Mysterious Phenomenon: Appearance – Underway.> A sign frame appeared to inform her of an emergency situation and another appeared to provide support information. They warned her of a mysterious phenomenon appearing. Asama gasped. Ever since Mikawa, Musashi had supplied all of its residents with divine protections to defend against mysterious phenomena. They had been installed in the residents' hard point parts and Asama had put together all of Class Plum's while using all of their different shrines as intermediaries. Considering the possibility of the Princess Disappearances or other mysterious phenomena that took people away, she had made sure she could forcibly purify them by cutting off the ether flow to provide temporary safety. Light sprayed from the backs of everyone but Narumi. One barrier's worth of ether had been cut off in the space behind them. Because she worked for the Asama Shrine, she first placed the strongest defenses on herself. Then the binder skirts on her left and right hips automatically switched to free mode. She pulled Katatsubaki and Kataume from the left and right, opened them, and… "There!" declared Hanami. "Clap!!" She could see 3 locations where mysterious phenomena were likely to appear, so she quickly checked them. "Masazumi! Mary! …Horizon!?" She quickly saw what appeared there. …''Rings of light!? Red circles of light that looked almost hand drawn appeared behind those three. They all looked back in surprise and Asama saw a red glowing line extend left and right from the center of the circle. Which formed… "The Double Border Crest!!" Asama immediately synchronized Kataume and Katatsubaki and then prepared to fire. Mitotsudaira looked her way. "Tomo!?" "I'm on it!" She drew a purified arrow from her binder skirt and considered going for a rapid fire attack. But at that very moment… "…Eh?" The Double Border Crests behind those three vanished. Those symbols of the Princess Disappearances left as suddenly as they had appeared. Asama stopped halfway through nocking the arrow. …''Wh-what does that mean? The Double Border Crests had vanished. To make sure that was accurate, Hanami looked around. "It's okay. Clap." The Mouse smiled and clapped. The Double Border Crests were gone. But it had been a sudden disappearance. There was no indication that anything had even happened. All that remained was everyone looking concerned and Mary clinging to Tenzou. …''Ohh, Mary-san has gotten pretty bold… "And yet you did nothing at all to me, Toori-kun." "The chains! Can't you see these chains!? I'm kind of tied up at the moment!" As everyone ignored the struggling crossdresser, the Prince of Orange spoke from behind the large tree. "The Princess Disappearances, hm? …I suppose you could call that a double captivity. Although you could also say it's our responsibility." …''A double captivity? Asama questioned it, but she did not understand. But since Masazumi pointed toward the large tree, she turned in that direction too. They all hurried over there, so she followed. Masazumi watched Mitotsudaira release the chain and lower the crossdresser to the ground. The crossdresser stepped out ahead of the others. He stood ahead of them on the grassy field with his back to them. "Hey, Seijun. What will we do once we see what the Genesis Project is?" "Think about whether we should stop it or cooperate. …We still don't know how the Logismoi Oplo are supposed to stop the Apocalypse, so this will hopefully provide a hint." "Neshinbara would probably love this," said the idiot with a smile. But… …''What was that just now? The Double Border Crest had appeared behind her. In fact, it had appeared behind more than just her. …''Does it just appear indiscriminately? Mary had lost her father Henry VIII to the Princess Disappearances, so she had enough of a connection for the Double Border Crest's appearance behind her to make sense. The same was true of Masazumi herself. …''So is that how it works? There was no point in confirming that here. Especially when Horizon had no memories of her past. So she focused on following the idiot as he walked out ahead. She heard a voice from the large tree. It was the Prince of Orange. "This is a story from the past." His words rang out. "We once tried to become friend with the Princess." "Eh?" said Asama and Crossunite, but the Prince of Orange continued. "But we failed at that, so we decide to come up with another method. And…" And… "We received an ugly sort of salvation." The Prince of Orange's words stopped there like he was taking a breath. Masazumi gulped as she listened. She did not know what he meant, but she understood what must have happened. …''A sacrifice. Just as Masazumi muttered that word in her heart, Mitotsudaira asked her a question. "Um, Masazumi? Who exactly is the Prince of Orange?" It was a little late for that, but it was worth going over, so she nodded. "His name is actually William, Prince of Orange. His Urban Name is the Resisting Chancellor. There are a number of reasons given as to why he goes by his title as Prince of Orange instead of his name: to avoid assassination or to ward off name-seeking curses sent by Tres España or the Catholics, his enemies in his war for independence. But…" But… "Looking at his results, he is a very skilled Chancellor. So if he's here…" Just as she said that, she realized the crossdresser had stopped walking. And his unmoving back spoke. "Uqui, Tenzou, take care of this." "Judge…!" While the others came to a stop, Crossunite and Urquiaga rushed out. Crossunite went in low from the right and Urquiaga went in high from the left. And their paths intersected at the giant tree. Finally, they straightened up and beckoned the others over. …''What is it? "I'm not sure, but let's go. My king, I will make sure you are safe." After Masazumi, Horizon, and Asama watched the crossdresser being wrapped in chains again to keep him safe, they jogged over to the giant tree. The light shining from the sky created a deep shadow below the large trees branches, but as they entered that shadow. "What happened!? Where's the Prince of Orange!?" Urquiaga gestured over with his chin. Masazumi kept jogging and looked over to see what he meant. She saw the blackboard hanging on the tree. A Double Border Crest was drawn there. Masazumi gasped when she saw it. It was just like with her mother. The Double Border Crest was drawn in blood red and the Prince of Orange was nowhere to be found. And something was written next to the crest. As usual the Princess Disappearance came with a message left by the Princess. And it said… "…What's keeping Mitsuhide-kun?" …''What does this mean? Asama asked herself that as she watched the Double Border Crest gradually fade from the blackboard. Next to her, she saw Tenzou gently hug Mary from behind after she ran up. ''Ohh,'' thought Asama again. ''Tenzou-kun really has gotten better.'' But that odd impression aside… …''I need to focus on the Double Border Crest right now. "Why was the Prince of Orange taken by the Princess Disappearances?" No, he had given a possible reason earlier. And Horizon pointed that out. "In other words, if you get too friendly with the Princess, you go bye-bye. That would be the reason." "Can you try to treat this with more weight!? Please!?" Horizon gave her a thumbs up, but if she was right… "Does that mean Masazumi's mom and Mary's dad were friendly with the Princess?" Mary's gaze wandered when she heard that. She could not give a definite 'yes' or 'no' and she finally looked to Tenzou as if to say "I don't know". Tenzou responded with a nod. "Mary-dono, you will not be taken away. I guarantee it." He had no proof of that, but it did seem to help Mary calm down. "Judge," she said with a smile. But Masazumi was still not moving. "Masazumi?" She did not respond even when spoken to, but when Tsukinowa rubbed against her cheek from her shoulder… "Eh? O-oh. Um…" It looked like she had only just noticed Asama. Her face was pale and Asama felt apologetic. …''Her mom was only just taken by the Princess Disappearances last year… The memory would still be raw and she would not have had time to come to terms with it. Asama decided she could not ask any further right now, so… "I will take some evidence that the Prince of Orange was taken by the Princess Disappearances. He is a nation's Chancellor, so we don't want anyone thinking we did something to him." "Oh, right. Judge…" Masazumi replied weakly, but then… "Oh, honestly! I can't be like this! Sorry!" Masazumi slapped both her cheeks. …''I can't be zoning out! Musashi had decided to continue toward the future, so she could not let her memories of the past overwhelm her when a mysterious phenomenon appeared in front of her. That might be fine if she was alone, but that was not the case here or now. So she slapped her cheeks again and… "Horizon! Gather your strength and give me a punch!" She gritted her teeth, saw Horizon raise her right fist, and quickly stopped her. "Wait, Horizon. That's too much strength. That would be dangerous." "Heh. I have determined I still have much to learn if my excessive talent is causing people to fear me." "Okay, Horizon! Then gather your strength and give me a- gfh." As the idiot ran over, he received two lazy kicks to the crotch, flew straight up, and fell back down onto his knees. "Now, then," said Horizon. "What shall we do, Masazumi-sama?" "Well," said Masazumi as she looked to the fading Double Border Crest and the writing next to it. …''What's keeping Mitsuhide-kun? "Does that mean," she said to help calm everyone down, "that the Prince of Orange is just Mitsu-hiding?" It was too powerful and everyone froze over. "Hey! Seijun! We're okay! We distributed the damage over everyone here, so it didn't do much to any one of us!!" "Dammit. And I thought that was a pretty good one too!!" For some reason, Mitotsudaira spread her mouth to the sides and wagged her raised finger. "Well, um, how about we investigate the place a little?" "Eh? Right. Asama, can you start by recording the situation in-…" Asama and Hanami were already using a heat detection spell to draw out a human-shaped line to record where the Prince of Orange had been. ''That looks pretty professional,'' thought Masazumi while she checked her sign frame. '''Novice:''' "The English forces are up above, so I'll have them look over Asama-kun's results as a non-Musashi witness. I've also spoken with the Provisional Council and they will be telling Holland that 'just as we tried to hold an anti-P.A. Oda meeting with the Prince of Orange, P.A. Oda attacked and he was taken by the Princess Disappearances'." '''Vice President:''' "Thanks. …I don't know what's going to happen, but it would be best to keep nothing hidden and to get this information out there as soon as possible." "Asama, did he leave anything behind?" "Oh, yes. His coat is on the ground here. Oh, also his inner suit and his under…wear?" "…Did he strip?" For some reason, everyone simultaneously turned toward the crossdressing nudist. Due to the damage from the kicks to his crotch, the nudist hopped back like a shrimp to escape them, but… "Wh-what's that look for, everyone!? Sunbathing! He was probably sunbathing! Right?" "Don't ask me," replied Tenzou. "Anyway, this was probably history's first nudist Princess Disappearance, but did he leave anything else behind, Asama-dono?" "Yes. This pen had fallen to the ground. It was probably in his coat pocket." Asama had Hanami hold it up so as not to get any fingerprints on it. And… '''Four Eyes:''' "Wait! That looks a lot like the graduation gift from the 13th Mutsugoirei Academy!!" Shakespeare must have seen it through the sign frame, but it was Urquiaga who responded. "Wasn't Neshinbara's school a new one?" Hanami tilted her head and spun around at that. The pen she showed off was a cartridge-style ink pen and it had the number "01" engraved on the bottom. Also… '''Novice:''' "That looks pretty old. There are traces of it being repaired. The design uses a cross with the corners removed, so it's probably Tres Españan. But the Prince of Orange was originally a leader in Tres España, so it would make sense for him to have something like that. Then again…" Neshinbara said more. '''Novice:''' "We fled that academy, but there was a custom of giving out pens like that at the graduation ceremony. So it's possible that…" '''Vice President:''' "There was an academy like that in the past too?" Masazumi nodded when Neshinbara answered with "most likely". She did not understand what any of it meant, but she felt like they had gathered a few of the pieces needed to reach the answer. Losing the Prince of Orange was a big deal, but it would also give them a chance to contact Holland in secret. ''I need to stay positive,'' she told herself while taking a breath. She was not zoning out. She was not focused on her past. So… "Asama…is already ready it seems. Then let's leave the rest to Novgorod and get out of here. They're fighting up above, but once they learn we won, that will qualify as the defense of Uozu Castle and should signal the end of the battle." So… "Let's go." To preserve the scene, Asama laid out thin warning shimenawa. And she followed the others while creating the paperwork to request that Novgorod preserve and continue to investigate the scene. In front of her and wrapped in a silver chain, Toori looked up at the ceiling. ''What is he looking at? Or is he looking up toward heaven to pretend he's a prisoner? He never does change, does he?'' she thought. "…Hm?" But then Konoha drew a diagram of white glowing lines in her vision. It had been working even after the scan of her surroundings earlier and now it was doing more work she did not understand. However… …''Could it be…? The giant walls had been engraved with the events of the Age of Dawn, but… "The ceiling…!" She looked up to the giant domed ceiling and she saw something there. A large engraving took up that entire space. Asama saw the ceiling diagram that Konoha had scanned. "Something that was erased…and people?" The outside edges of the domed ceiling were carved with people looking to and extending their hands toward the center. There were enough people to circle all the way around the ceiling. Regardless of race or species, they all looked like they were celebrating what was in the center. And when Asama looked to the center… …''There are marks showing that something was scraped away. As she had said, there were scrapes on the ceiling showing that something had existed there, surrounded by the people. It looked like everyone was celebrating whatever had been carved there. "What in the world was carved in the center there?" asked Mitotsudaira. Just as Asama started thinking about that, the ground shook beneath her feet. "An earthquake…?" ''No,'' thought Asama as everyone exchanged a glance. If this was indeed an Avalon and the system worked as Masazumi claimed it did, then it was cut off from the outside crust. Even if Novgorod shook, it would not reach here. But they were definitely feeling a small shaking and trembling. "Ah," said Mitotsudaira. "Are you feeling that?" Horizon nodded at that and placed a hand on Tenzou's shoulder. "Are you feeling 'that' again? …Please try to avoid doing so at mealtimes, Tenzou-sama." "I feel like I've been wrongly accused of something lately. I have, haven't I?" "Hey, hey. Calm down, Tenzou," said Toori. "And don't even think about using this shaking to help with that, okay?" "So I have been wrongly accused! Whatever it is, I've been wrongly accused!!" Asama ignored those weird people and checked on her surroundings. And… "Something's coming from above…no from outside!!" As soon as she shouted that, the ceiling split apart. And a beam of light dropped from the split like a wall. "Excalibur!?" It took a blade produced from the ley lines to interfere with the space inside of an Avalon and that was exactly what split this garden in two. Novgorod appeared to cover the heavens in the western skies of Sviet Rus, but a bluish-white ether blade pierced it from top to bottom. Its wielder was on the roof of the city hall in northern Novgorod. It was Katou Kiyomasa. She had launched a massive light sword from the combined Caledfwlch. She could not see what was below there, but she felt the tactile feedback through the blade's light. She raised her eyebrows. "That wasn't easy, but I pierced Novgorod's central power system!" Kiyomasa reached into her skirt and pulled out a reinforced reed tube measuring more than a meter. It was not an ether fuel tank. It held Orei Nero which contained a program. That program would be used on the power system below Novgorod. "It will self-destruct with a spell! This is meant to bring down and destroy Novgorod! …Instruct everyone in this region to evacuate!" With that, she shoved the tube into the combined Caledfwlch's pommel and removed the upper release plug. That would normally cause the ether to leak out into the air, but… "Finish this, Caledfwlch…!!!" The blade's width did not change, but the amount of light grew. "Fire straight through!" The sword of light was sticking out the bottom of Novgorod, but its tip pulled back inside. And a beat later, something else arrived. It was a cannon blast. The tip of the sword burst apart and became a muzzle. Novgorod's lower hemisphere portion swelled out in an instant and then Novgorod violently shook up and down. A 300 meter wide area at the bottom of that lower hemisphere collapsed. All that remained was Novgorod's underground bedrock and a torrent of yellow ether light leaking from the central region that supported Novgorod. That was proof that the power system that kept it afloat had been partially destroyed by Caledfwlch's blast. The ether extracted from the ley lines overheated and burst into flames. But Kiyomasa did not hold back. She removed the program tank from Caledfwlch's pommel, shoved another one in, and shoved a fuel tank in over that. "Time for another…!" Once she yelled that, she saw someone jump up onto the southern end of the roof. It was a pale demon woman. A hornless one. "Honjou Shigenaga!" Shigenaga prepared her Honjou Shield on the roof. She had a 16-layered one in front of her. "Firing form!" She tried to strike from behind and hit Kiyomasa, but… …''Nh!? It was a noise that told her something was amiss. It had not come from below the roof. She heard it along with something like blowing wind from the nearby skylight, the windows on the outer walls, and the passageway exits. It was a voice that sounded like a never-ending "oh". So… "Kh…!" Kiyomasa was defenseless after firing, but Shigenaga saw the girl opening a ''sankt okno'' and looking her way. The decision she made after being seen determined everything. Instead of sending her Honjou Shield forward as an attack, Shigenaga slapped it with her open hand. The force of that impact caused the 16-layer shield to come apart and point downwards. And just as they seemed to pierce into the city hall's roof… "I was right!" The roof grew scorching hot and swelled out. The area from where Kiyomasa stood in the center to the north end remained intact, but the part of the reinforced wood roof directly above the hall was struck from below. The roof creaked in resistance for a short time, but this was too much for it to bear. It exploded in a cannon blast from below. Shigenaga saw the cannon blast pierce the city hall from underground. The powerful attack seemed to combine multiple demon spells. The Honjou Shield was not so much broken as it was melted and scattered. And the roof did not so much collapse as erupt. The overheated roof broke apart and flew up into the air, so the city hall's central hall was visible below the shimmering heat and wind. Nothing remained. The floor had burned and collapsed and the giant blade of light had pierced a large hole straight down from where Kiyomasa stood. Shigenaga saw her Sviet Rus comrades in the northern entrance to the hall. Kagekatsu was there, Marfa was in his arms, and Saitou was there too. After a nod from Kagekatsu, they started down the passageway. They were escaping. Saitou gestured for her to come too, but… …''What happened to the Musashi group!? The large hole leading below Novgorod was currently burning away. Even the stairway tunnel leading to it had collapsed. The half-dragon and Date Narumi's mobile shell could fly, but were they in any state to do so? And… "I must stop them." She saw two people in the open hole in front of her. One was Kiyomasa who was piercing Novgorod with the glowing sword coming from her twin spears named Caledfwlch. The other was a girl wielding a spear and she stood next to Kiyomasa. "You're Fukushima Masanori, aren't you?" "We must be leaving soon, but listen: Novgorod is falling and it will be utterly destroyed." "That's true," agreed Shigenaga. The enemy was right. Novgorod was already tilting slightly and a low, deep noise was beginning to sound from the bottom. The fall was too slow to sense yet, but that massive area was pushing down on the air and producing a rumbling noise. "At this rate, it should take about 4 minutes before it truly begins to fall. Once it strikes the ground, all of the power system's heat will circulate to the accumulated ether. I believe Novgorod will be destroyed in an explosion. This is the end of the fiercely fought Siege of Uozu Castle. …We will be leaving. We leave it to Sviet Rus to secure this 'land of Novgorod'." "Is that so?" Shigenaga nodded. "Prepare yourself for a rematch." "But there are no more history recreations in which Sviet Rus battles P.A. Oda." "Not us. …Musashi against you." "Ridiculous." Kiyomasa raised her eyebrows. "How are they supposed to escape this-…" "You've fought them once or twice now and you still haven't figured it out? Or do you not want to figure it out? Do you want to think you've beaten them and thus you don't have to fight them again?" If so… "You could stand to learn a thing or two about persistence, resistance, and comebacks. After all, Musashi is already our comrade." Once Shigenaga said that, the light shattered. The light sword being fired from Kiyomasa's Caledfwlch was suddenly broken. At the same time, the fuel tank in its pommel exploded. "What…!?" "Don't look so shocked. …They're alive and they destroyed your light sword from below. I don't know if that was Excalibur or some other power, but I know one thing for sure: No matter what kind of battles they find themselves in from now on, they will never forget that you are their primary enemy. There is no changing that now." "Th-that was a close one…!" Masazumi sighed inside the entrance hall below Novgorod. That 200 meter room had a giant hole in the center where Caledfwlch's light sword had stabbed through it. At the largest point, that sharp hole was about 2 meters wide and 15 meters long and darkness was visible through it, but… "It was lucky that was a ley line style of ether sword… That allowed it to interfere with the Avalon and pierce the ley line reactor below, but it failed to directly destroy the Avalon and allowed us to destroy the blade." On the south side of the hole, Mitotsudaira held one of the Excaliburs and she exchanged a glance with Mary and the 1st Special Duty Officer who held the other one on the opposite side. Futayo looked up with Tonbo Spare in hand. "That is a long way up." A point of light was visible far above them. That was not the light of Novgorod's city hall. It was the night sky beyond it. There were piles of smashed stone and stairs around the outer edge of the hall, so… …''Fukushima must have destroyed them. "Hey, Seijun, what are they trying to do right now?" '''Novice:''' "Wait, Aoi-kun! Don't forget about me! …Are you listening!? So you want to know what P.A. Oda is trying to do here in Novgorod!? Well, I can only give my best guess, but-…" '''Hori-ko:''' "It sounds like he won't start for a while, so should we change the channel?" '''Smoking Girl:''' "I'm already on the transport ship back to Musashi, but are you all still wasting time inside? It's probably going to fall and go boom in about 4 minutes." '''Flat Vassal:''' "If you don't get back soon, I'll eat all of the snacks I brought back from Mogami." '''Asama:''' "They're already almost gone!? And shouldn't you be more worried about us!?" '''Vice President:''' "Seriously though, everyone back on the Musashi needs to think about what's going to happen to Novgorod and how the Musashi needs to respond. …Mukai!" '''Bell:''' "Y-yes!?" '''Vice President:''' "I leave control and approval of the Musashi's response with you, our Acting Captain. Aoi, Horizon, that's fine with you, right?" Horizon nodded and Aoi opened a sign frame. '''Me:''' "I know you can handle it, Bell-san, so just do it like normal. I know you've been away from the Musashi, so enjoy yourself now that you're back." '''Bell:''' "R-right. Judge. And Vice Principal…Yoshinao…?" '''We:''' "Not to worry. We have already provided our authorization." '''Me:''' "We, you're real quick with that stuff but slow with doing things for real, so try to work on that. You still haven't finished fixing Adele's mobile shell, right? Adele, you'll just have to resist the urge to be a shield this time." '''Flat Vassal:''' "I-it's not like I want to be a shield! It just tends to happen!" "Isn't that the same thing in the end?" everyone muttered, but Masazumi could only sigh since it was the usual way of things. And… '''Shigeko:''' "I'm staring the enemy down right now, but my escape ship has arrived. Can you all get up from down there?" '''Vice President:''' "Yes, we're fine. We'll be up soon." Narumi's mobile shell raised its hand on Masazumi's right. "If I change my power settings and armor placement, I can carry three people at my ascension escape speed. …What about you, Kiyonari?" "I suppose I can handle three as well." "Then," said Mitotsudaira while returning Excalibur to Mary. She smiled and made a suggestion. "2nd Special Duty Officer, please carry Mary, the 1st Special Duty Officer, and Futayo. That will be your three. Narumi can carry Masazumi, Tomo, and me while I use the silver chains to carry my king and Hori-…" Mitotsudaira seemed to realize her mistake as she made it. "…" She froze in place, so everyone else did as well. '''Musashi:''' "Even if you transfer some of the passengers to the chains, won't the weight remain the same? Over." '''Principal:''' "There have been a lot more tests like that lately. Y'know, where you have to think outside the box." '''Asama:''' "You're not worried! You're not worried about us at all!? That's what this is, isn't it!?" '''Wise Sister:''' "…" '''Novice:''' "Aoi Sister-kun, why are you glaring at me!? I didn't do anything!" ''Isn't you not doing anything the problem here?'' thought Masazumi, but then Narumi placed a hand on her centipede mandible. "Weight-wise, four people would probably be my absolute limit. And even that would be pretty unstable…" '''Mal-Ga:''' "Then leave it to us! …We'll be right there!" '''Vice President:''' "Naruze!? Are you free?" "Judge," replied Naruze and Naito's voice followed. '''Gold Mar:''' "Shibata's fleet is starting to retreat to the south and Shibata's forces are escaping Novgorod! …If you don't get out of there soon, you're in real trouble!" Naito and Naruze embraced in the night sky. Schwarz Fräulein and Weiss Fräulein were combined. Now that they were literally Zwei Fräulein, they could use their greater acceleration to rush to Novgorod's city hall. …''We need to hurry. The Sviet Rus fleets in the north were also leaving Novgorod and descending. They were ensuring they would not be hit by the powerful winds and air currents created when Novgorod exploded. The bottom of Novgorod was already surrounded in light where the power system was. And in their great speed, Naruze asked something of her partner in this embrace. "Margot. …Can you tell it's started to fall?' "Judge. According to my reduction detection, the power system's ether is only partially escaping. With nowhere to go, I think it'll overheat and sublimate. At this rate, the remaining fuel really will detonate when it crashes." As they flew through the wind, they could see the giant floating city. Several curving pillars of light burst from the bottom like flares and they began circulating within themselves. That process would reach the internal fuel when it crashed and then Novgorod would be blown away as a giant bomb. '''Musashi:''' "Novgorod's internal power system is of an unknown type, but given its size, Novgorod's own destruction will be the primary damage, but the secondary damages of scattering fragments and shockwaves will be much greater. Over." '''Mal-Ga:''' "So it's like a bomb with shrapnel placed inside to make it more lethal? How far will the damage spread?" '''Musashi:''' "The only records of such a large structure exploding are abstract ones from the Age of the Gods. But based on what data is available…its maximum radius will be about 70 kilometers. The effective range of the blast will likely reach a radius of 21 kilometers." '''Wise Sister:''' "Heh heh. They're done for! They're done for yet again! My clever brain has been thinking: whenever someone decides to destroy an entire city, they like to make sure it ruins our lives as well, don't they!? Asama! I'm about to head to the Asama Shrine and infiltrate your room, but is there anything you want me to do before the end!? Like disposing of some sexy underwear!?" '''Asama:''' "I don't have any of that, so don't bother. More importantly, there's a stack of porn games waiting to be poison tested next to the PC on the right side of the room. Could you have them all incinerated in Toori-kun's name? Also please delete the 'poison testing' folder on the PC." '''Me:''' "S-stop! Those are my…my…! Sob, sob. You're so mean…" '''Mal-Ga:''' "I'm having second thoughts about rescuing them…" '''Gold Mar:''' "Ga-chan! Ga-chan! Lose motivation and your piloting gets pretty rough!!" ''I guess we need to hurry,'' thought Naito. As the floating island grew in their vision, they took a rising parabolic arc to arrive directly above the city hall. But at that very moment, something shot by below them and toward Novgorod. …''Eh? Naito was briefly confused because she recognized the shape. But before she could think any further, Naruze shouted the answer. "Zwei Fräulein!?" Gold and black wings. White and black wings. That was what Naruze saw. The multi-wing shape looked a lot like her and Naito flying in combined form, but there was one clear difference. …''It's held together with gravity! The wings and outer hull were not held on by bolts and expansion joints like they were for Naruze and Naito's Weiss Fräulein and Schwarz Fräulein. The thrusters and wings were held on with gravity and the overall device was sharp and large. "What is that…!?" She did not know. She could not see the pilots from above, but since the wings contained the emblem of Edel Brocken… "Is that a different version of Schwarz Fräulein and Weiss Fräulein!?" That was likely. Their versions had been proven effective, but they were still in the prototype stage. So it would make sense for there to be competing versions. But the problem was whose side these belonged to. The rail wings and ''schale besen'' had M.H.R.R.'s emblem drawn on them several times. And there were also emblems saying SPEER-04 and SPEER-05. That meant this was #4 and #5 of the Ten Spears. And as the enemy Zwei Fräulein flew by below them… "Ga-chan, they're transforming!" The gravity construction meant it had no frame or expansion joints, so the position of the thrusters and wings could be freely altered. So the enemy focused most of the thrusters on the back and made use of their powerful acceleration. "…!" They instantly shot out ahead. Naruze and Naito's ascending trajectory was no excuse. The other pair had gained a powerful kick of power and they left a line of acceleration in the sky. White mist and a line of residual ether light split the air. The sound of the splitting air arrived a moment later, but the flying enemy was already passing over Novgorod by then. They had completely shaken Naruze and Naito. Shigenaga was there when it happened. Something flew by at such low altitude that it was better described as "overhead" than "in the sky". It was low enough that she felt the need to duck. …''A mechanical phoenix!? No. She had seen gold and black wings, but those were Technohexen thrusters attached to the top, bottom, and center of the ''schale besen''. The metal wings slammed into the wind like it was a solid wall and hopped up in the air. The next thing Shigenaga knew, they were ascending straight up into the northern sky. Fukushima and Kiyomasa were no longer in front of her. They had been snatched away by the owner of the ether light that had risen into the sky and was now circling west to disappear into the south. And in their place… "Musashi's Technohexen are here!!" The pair known as Zwei Fräulein dived into the hole in the city hall's roof without slowing down. The wind scattered and the roof swelled out, peeled away, and flew. Within that destruction and noise, Shigenaga decided to leave instead of watching it through to the end. She would hurry to the transport ships still waiting to the north. Or she intended to. However… …''Will we make it!? The northern transport ships were slow to leave port. Because Novgorod was slowly beginning to fall, people had to board using suspended nets instead of piers. But the bigger problem was the shell fire from Shibata's fleet. That fleet had already withdrawn, so as they fell back to the east while Cavendish's ship fired on them from the west, they were still within range of Sviet Rus's main fleet. They used physical shells. A hit from such a long range was more about the density of shots than about targeting, but the occasional hit prevented the Sviet Rus fleet from leaving for the northern sky and everything was brought to a standstill. "That main force protected everyone as they escaped, but now they're blocking the way like a giant lid!?" Then something else happened. Shigenaga felt a floating sensation at her feet. Novgorod had begun dropping all at once. The giant island instantly fell about 100 meters. The sky roared, the air below spread out in the shape of Novgorod, and white fog formed. The transport ships at the northern land port lost their stability. If Novgorod had just started plummeting, that would be one thing, but it almost immediately returned to its previous falling speed, so the air bounced back. The transport ships were shaken up and down and the people climbing aboard desperately tried to hold on. Then light raced out from below once more. It was a second explosion and it was far larger than the previous one. So… "…!!" Novgorod shook and started to fall again. This was devastating for the collapsing fleet. A rumbling sound continued without end and the rubble exploded and cascaded down. But… "…Eh?" The Sviet Rus transport ships wandered a bit, but they did not fall. The boarding warriors were thrown about, but none of them fell off. The expected blast of turbulent air never arrived. The demons yelled "Yes!" or "We're saved!" to express their relief, but a few voices all asked the same question. "Why…?" They were looking below Novgorod. Something was supporting the crumbling bottom of the floating city. "Why is the Jurakudai supporting Novgorod!?" <noinclude> {{HorizonNavbar | [[Horizon:Volume 4C Chapter 92|Chapter 92]] | [[Horizon:Volume 4C Chapter 94|Chapter 94]] }} </noinclude>
Please note that all contributions to Baka-Tsuki are considered to be released under the TLG Translation Common Agreement v.0.4.1 (see Baka-Tsuki:Copyrights for details). If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then do not submit it here.


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Red Hot Chili Peppers rocker calls out Lakers, demands they stop 'wasting' LeBron James' career
Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers urged the Lakers to make some major changes. The rocker does not want the last chapter of LeBron James' basketball career to end poorly.
Not an easy task: Tips for getting rid of fleas once they invade your home
A flea is a very small insect that survives by feeding on animal or human blood.
Red Hot Chili Peppers show Detroit extra love at huge homecoming stadium concert
It was all about the band's love for Michigan at this concert and it started with Smith's drum kit, front and center, featuring the Detroit Tigers old English D on it. Bassist Flea knew how big this night was for two of his bandmates and acknowledged it early. Thank you for Chad and Anthony."Kiedis then recalled the band's first gig in Detroit. You came out and beat my A@#."Even more reminiscing as Flea recalled recording one of the band's first album in 1985 in Detroit with George Clinton. MORE FROM MLIVE:Here are your 2022 Detroit Lions Cheerleaders comprised of 10 rookies, 7 veteransZillow Gone Wild goes nuts for Hobbit-looking Michigan Mushroom House hitting marketNorthern Michigan city ranked No.
Rebirth Brass Band brings New Orleans sound to Ferndale's Magic Bag
click to enlarge Courtesy of the Magic Baghas referred to the Rebirth Brass Band as a New Orleans institution, and Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea once called the ensemble free as a ray of light, adding there is not a band on Earth that is better.For more than 35 years, the Rebirth Brass Band has upheld the tradition of brass bands while also exploring funk and hip-hop for a sound that is equal parts technique and feeling, resulting in what co-founding member Phil Frazier once lovingly referred to as junk music. Formed in 1983 by Phil and Keith Frazier, the Rebirth Brass Band has done everything from performing to sold-out music halls to starring in, an HBO series about their neighborhood following Hurricane Katrina, to maintaining a standing Tuesday night residency at the historic Maple Leaf Bar in Uptown New Orleans. Get our top picks for the best events in Detroit every Thursday morning. Sign up for our events newsletter.
metrotimes.com
Red Hot Chili Peppers cover 'Just What I Needed' for Ric Ocasek
It's been a few days since lead singer Ric Ocasek of the new wave band The Cars died and tributes are still pouring in. Artists like Weezer and The Killers have made tributes to 75-year-old Ocasek, who died unexpectedly on Sept. 15. The Red Hot Chili Peppers took their tribute to the next level by playing a cover of one of The Cars' greatest hits, "Just What I Needed" at a recent concert in Singapore. RHCP bass player Flea posted a tribute to Ocasek on Instagram, writing, "What an interesting, smart, kind, funny man who made incredible records. Flea sounds incredible on bass during the cover, and lead singer Anthony Kiedis does his best to hit those high notes Ocasek used to sing.


Salt is a single poem about wounds visible and invisible, about illusion and disillusion, about running into truth. It is a poem about time and standing still. It is a poem about observing, about looking at the world, and pausing to see, to absorb, the way the water absorbs bath salts. All this, and it is only 29 lines, most of them a few words.
This unique poetry broadsheet ships with a 4oz bottle of crimson lemon verbena bath salts. The salts are a mixture of Atlantic sea salt and Epsom salts. Use them or display them with the poem, which will stand nicely without a frame on a book stand or easel. Or, put them both in a shadow box and hang it on your wall.


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Q: Dynatrace report show a gap between operation I am getting from Dynatrace in several part of the application a gap between call that has not significative or no processing between call. The graphic appear so:

All the call to the external services have its await and are async. The computer has enough memory and the processing time is not high. The program is itself a service developed on Core 3.1 C#.
Thanks in advance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The GOP Debate Opening Trailer Was So Dramatic, Michael Bay Would Be Proud
By Jo Yurcaba
Scott Olson/Getty Images News/Getty Images
The first Republican presidential debate opened in the most dramatic way possible on Wednesday night, and it was pretty hard to take seriously. CNN showed snippets of a few of the candidates who will be participating in the debate, and paired the photos and videos with dramatic music and a booming announcer, who said things like "They have big personalities!" while video of Donald Trump played on the screen. The dramatic debate opening isn't unique to GOP presidential runs, though. Many of the candidates have cinematic, action-film-like campaign videos that are hard to take seriously.
On Twitter, some characterized the opening of Wednesday's mini-debate as "WWE + Monday Night Football" and an action movie where "the gloves are off." The Survivor-like opening characterizes the Republican debate well. The candidates will be facing off against frontrunner and king of dramatization Donald Trump in an effort to bring some legitimacy back to the Republican Party. Sometimes, when Trump is leading your pack, you have to fight dramatics with dramatics. And that's not as difficult as it sounds -- especially for New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, whose campaign videos would put the SPCA's "Arms of an Angel" video to shame.
Christie's campaign video, which is titled "Telling It Like It Is," starts out with slow-motion crowd shots and slow music. At the start of the video, Christie says, "I get accused a lot of times of being too blunt and too direct, and saying what's on my mind just a little bit too loudly." But that's just who he is! Then, Christie gets even more serious. He tells heartwarming stories about his family, while the camera shows close-up, constantly slow-motion shots of his face against harsh light and mysterious shadows. He says:
If you're going to run for president of the United States, and you're going to ask these people for their vote, that is the single most trusting thing they can do as a citizen, is to give you their support. You better tell them exactly what you're thinking and exactly what you're feeling.
*Cue more dramatic camera zooms and harsh lighting effects*
But Christie can't get all the credit for dramatics among GOP candidates. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz's video features emotional photos of his two daughters alongside audio of him describing his father (who was an immigrant) and his mother (who was a pioneer in computer science, "smashing glass ceilings at a time when women were discouraged for following their dreams"). Then Cruz talks about his message of "hope, freedom, and God" alongside sunset images of him leading his daughters around on a horse.
In the video, Cruz said that he has helped America send a clear message that it will stand with it's allies and "against our enemies," alongside a troubling, slightly offensive (though certainly dramatic) image:
And dramatics are called for. We're at a seriously disturbing point in 'Merica's history, people! There's Obamacare, Planned Parenthood is killing people, and now kids are bringing clock bombs to schools. Keep the dramatics coming, Republicans. You could save all of our lives!
Images: Chris Christie, Ted Cruz/YouTube


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Maroviro is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Bekily, which is a part of Androy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13,000 in a 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 0.9% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts and cassava. Services provide employment for 0.1% of the population.

References and notes

Populated places in Androy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How do I create an Expert Page?
SelfGrowth.com provides the capability for experts in the topic areas we cover to build personal Expert Pages. You can use your Expert Page to promote yourself, your business and your philosophy about Self Improvement.
The first step in building your Expert Page is to send in a request to our editors. If approved, you will then be able to add your biography, picture, links, products, and more to your Expert Page.
2) In the "Member Center" look for the tab "Create Expert Page"
6) The tab should now say "Edit Expert Page"


Dawn is about to break. Before Doctor Bartolo's house the young Count Almaviva is serenading Rosina: but the girl's window does not open and the Count dismisses the players and hides under an arch to wait a better occasion. Now comes Figaro, a baber, busy- body, broker of all trades, the town's factotum. He is an old acquaintance of the Count's. Figaro offers his services and proceeds to inform Almaviva that Rosina, the pretty girl he once saw at the Prado in Madrid, is not Doctor Bartolo's daughter but only ward. The Doctor has recently come to live in Seville and Figaro is a great friend of his: he has free admittance to his house and therefore will be able to aid the Count in meeting the girl. In the meantime Rosina is standing behind the shutter taking advange od the Doctor's absence from the house. She hears Almaviva's declaration of love under the shape of another serenade in which the Count calls himself Lindoro, wishing to conquer the girl by his love and not by his riches and title. Figaro announces his plan; that very day a regimente will come to the town and Almaviva will disguise ad a soldier and again admittance to the Doctor's house by means of a false billeting card. Moreover he will pretend to be drunk because the Doctor surely will not suspect a man full of wine. Figaro gives his address to the Count and enters the Doctor's house.
Rosina is anxious to send a letter to Lindoro. Figaro who comes in to make the preliminary advances, appears to her to be the best messenger. But their conversation is interrupted by Bartolo. Figaro hides and Rosina runs away. With Bartolo is Don Basilio, the girl's music master. He informs the Doctor that Count Almaviva, Rosina's unknown suitor, is in Seville. Bartolo wants to marry his ward and is worried at the news, but Basilio reassures him. He will spread slander about Bartolo's rival so that he will be forced to leave the town in no time. The two retire to prepare the wedding contract: Figaro and Rosina can resume their conservation. Figaro delivers the Count's message and asks the girl to reply in writing. Rosina hesitates, then gives a note to the barber. Doctor Bartolo comes back, notices that a sheet of paper is missing from the writing desk and that his ward has a finger stained with ink. Brevely the girl defends herself. At this very moment the Count arrives disguised as a cavalry soldier and drunk. He shows his billeting card but Bartolo in his turn exhibits an exemption paper. This makes no difference to the fake soldier: he is determined to stay and eventually succeeds in handing a love letter to Rosina. Doctor Bartolo tries hard to grab the paper but must be content to hold a laundry list cleverly substituted by Rosina to the Count's letter. The drunken soldier raises his voice and draws his sword. There is great confusion. But Figaro begs them all to calm down and the noise has gathered in the square hals the population. In fact some gendarmes arrive to arrest the disturber. But when the soldier exibits a paper the commanging officer bows respectfully and lets the Count go free. Bartolo is astounded: he cannot move and all present make fun of him.
Bartolo goes back in his mind to the strange happenings: he cannot understand the meaning of the soldier's appearance. He suspects that he has been sent by the Count. Someone knocks at the door: a young man introduces himself ad Don Alonzo, a pupil of Don Basilio's. The old music master is ill and sends him to give Rosina her muic lesson. Needless to say, Don Alonzo is the Count. To win Bartolo's confidence he shows to him Rosina's letter: this will serve – he says – to break the girl's illusions by convincing her that the Count had handed her letter to another lover to make fun of her. Bartolo is convinced. He calls Rosina who begins her music lesson while Figaro, arriving in the nick of time, persuades Don Bartolo to be shaved. Pretending to go for the necessary towels he receives from Bartolo a bunch of keys from which he will detach the key of the shutter looking onto the square.Everything seems to proceed well until Don Basilio arrives. Bartolo is about to learn the truth but a purse from the Count and Figaro's tricks persuade Don Basilio to retreat on the excuse that he suffers from scarlet fever: At last Figaro can shave Don Bartolo and convers ad well ad he can the dialogue between the two lovers. But he is not omnipotent. Don Bartolo hears some words uttered by the music master and, infuriated, send him away. When the room is empty the old servant Berta sings sadly about love, the universal trouble which makes everyone delirious.
Don Basilio tells Doctor Bartolo that Alonzo is unknown to him. Could he be the Count himself? Bartolo decides to hurry matters: he sends Don Basilio to fetch the notary to arrange for the wedding. He shows Rosina the letter given to him by Alonzo and persuades her that both Figaro and Alonzo are procurers hired by Almaviva to deliver the girl into his hands. Rosina falls into the trap: sadly disappointed she accepts to marry her tutor and reveals to him the plat arranged by Figaro to aid her to escape. As soon as Bartolo goes out to call the gendarmes and have Figaro and Lindoro arrested the two appear at the window by means of a ladder from the street. There is a heavy storm. Rosina repulses resolutely Lindoro's embrace but he makes himself known. He is Count Almaviva. The happy lovers are about to leave by the window with Figaro but they notice with distress that the Doctor has removed the ladder. However Figaro does not lose courage; in the meantime Basilio and the notary arrive and the wedding will take place at once although thoroughly different from the one planned. When Bartolo returns all is settled: the precaution of removing the ladder has played against him. In the end, when the Count declares that he will waive his right to a dowry, the old man's fury is abated. Figaro puts off his lantern and a propitious darkness envelops the two lovers.


Developing and specifying commercial software for over 15 years.
Delivering successful software is highly reliant on having a great understanding of the business, then to realise a solution which best meets its needs. My work is analytical, creative and intuitive and together with my personable nature makes me well placed to offer the very best.
Developed a cutting edge Xamarin Forms enterprise app including offline data sync using 'Azure Mobile Apps'. This Wind Turbine inspection tool was available for Android and Windows UWP.
Heading up their medium size projects team involved implementing applications through every stage of the project life cycle. From requirements analysis, authoring specifications, through to the full development and implementation of my applications.
Prior to my employment in IT I had a number of positions within some of the most prestigious contemporary art galleries in London. With varying roles in some of the most challenging, but also rewarding, environments, helped to cement many of my core fundamental professional skills.
Being responsible for managing significant budgets, personnel, and being responsible for organising what have become historically seminal exhibitions within British cultural history, the work I accomplished during this period is something I am very proud of.
My old friend for the last 15 years - always there to help me persist my application's data.


It's FINALLY here: Malinda Lo's MUCH-anticipated follow up to Ash, HUNTRESS!
HUNTRESS is set in the same fantastical world but hundreds of years earlier. Two young women fated to go on a dangerous journey to Tanlili, the city of the Fairy Queen, to seek answers about their dying world. The girls barely know each other – Kaede is a fighter, chafing under her father's expectations, while Taisin is a born sage, dedicated to her magic. And yet, as members of their party are lost to unearthly attacks, the two come to rely on each other, and even begin to fall in love. But their quest's final step demands only one huntress to save the kingdom, and what it takes could tear Kaede and Taisin apart.
Check out the fantastic trailer for the book!
I read Ash and can't wait to read this one.


Chairs: Professor John Radford, Professor of Medical Oncology and Director of Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester. Dr Cheryl Fitzgerald, Consultant Gynaecologist, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester. Dr Claire Higham, Consultant Endocrinologist, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester.