Chairman of the Police Staff Association, Sonny Miller.
In the wake of the recent police-involved shooting, Chairman of the Police Staff Association (PSA) Sonny Miller said officers acted in self-defense.
The Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) said Deangelo Evans, 20, was believed to be an armed robbery suspect on Sunday past when he was reportedly apprehended by police in the Mason's Addition community.
Police reported that Evans allegedly withdrew a firearm and pointed it at police. It was reported that officers, in fear of their lives, fired at Evans. He died as a result of his injuries.
The family of the victim however argued that Evans was running an errand for his grand aunt and not armed with a weapon. The matter has since been sent to the Coroner's Court for further investigation.
Miller discussed the issue with Eyewitness News yesterday, noting that while the determination is left to the independent body, he is confident that officers were just in their dealings.
"It is simple. Anyone who points a gun at anyone of our members, we expect them to protect themselves," Miller said.
Miller added that officers are tasked with wearing many caps in the community.
"You give us a job to do, so allow us to do it," he stated.
"Not when something happens to one of your family members you want to take it as the police is not doing their work … Our members are out there every single day. If you ask right now, the police force is short according to information from the man power audit. No one wants to do the job because police officers, along with defense force officers, makes the ultimate sacrifice.
Miller said he is prepared to defend and support officers in this regard.
"Very seldom we find people prepared to give up their life for others … in most cases, from the information we have gotten, officers have been right," he explained.
The Minister of National Security Marvin Dames said yesterday that officers will be outfitted with body cameras as police involved shootings have seemingly increased in recent years.
As a former play police officer I do understand what the staff association is saying, however to shoot a man 18 times as it is alleged and 10 of those shots being in his back it leaves me to question what he mean by self defense ?


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Teenager Thunberg angrily tells U.N. climate summit 'you have stolen my dreams'
By webfact, September 23, 2019 in World News
Scott 15,000
Location:Bangkok/USA
Off-topic post removed.
pegman 5,442
1 hour ago, pegman said:
True, American corporate media treat the sheep like mushrooms feeding them ____ ______. Noam in the world treasure no doubt. Greta is about to speak in the heart of TarSands country in the State of Alberta.
7,000 in the crowd cheering her on in Edmonton, State of Alberta, Canada. Gutsy young woman to go to the heart of tar sands country to carry her climate change message.
Crazy Alex 752
On 10/17/2019 at 11:44 AM, Forethat said:
I'd say people are getting pretty sick of these so called "climate activists". Today they dragged them to the ground and kicked the <deleted> out of them.
https://metro.co.uk/2019/10/17/angry-commuters-drag-xr-protesters-off-tube-try-glue-10933003/
Wow, things are getting rough for climate change cultists when proper liberal Londonites are fed up with them to the point of beating the <deleted> out of them. Maybe the cultists should just consider getting jobs?
8 hours ago, rabas said:
"Peer Review is universally used to ensure the quality of scientific research, but the process may not be as reliable as people assume. A new study in PLoS One suggests that the recommendations reviewers may not be much more reliable than a coin toss."
https://www.science20.com/news_articles/how_reliable_peer_review
Not to mention that peer review does not determine if a theory is correct, just that there are no obvious holes in the argument, or perhaps your buddies in the field like you (or like climate change).
"Peer review is the worst possible way to judge papers, except all the others that have been tried"
Peer review = one political activist high-fiving another. Nothing more.
On 10/16/2019 at 7:19 PM, Orton Rd said:
How dare you!
I'm guessing any of us asking about her book deal will be equally offensive.
Edited October 18, 2019 by Crazy Alex
On 10/16/2019 at 10:55 AM, bristolboy said:
there is over a hundred years of sea surface temperature records. And the current argo system is already recording rises in temperatures.
As for "climate being connected to a great number of disciplines". What does that even mean? Farmers depend on climate. Are farmers or agricultural scientists actually researching climate change? Because that would make them climatologists. But are they doing that? There has been some research connecting solar cycles to climate change. You might by stretching definitions a bit connect that to nuclear physics. But the connection is a weak one and actually argues in favor of anthropogenic climate change.
Over 100 years of sea surface temperatures. Sounds impressive- until one reminds themselves Earth is 4,500,000,000 years old, making 100 years 0.0000022% of Earth's timeline. Making assumptions and predictions with that math would be crazy. Even worse, proposing things like moving people to higher ground, retrofitting building and eliminating aviation are flat out INSANE.
But getting back to predictions and assumptions: It's even worse that it appears, given how often Earth experiences increases and decreases in temperatures.
When a rational person puts in context how long we've kept records with Earth's timeline and other historical data, it's hard to conclude anything other than things are as they've been for hundreds of thousands of years or more.
Cryingdick 4,575
The dems would love to have her. She is the reason we should lower the voting age, not require ID, and let foreign nationals participate in our elections. I can't believe this thread is so long compared to the dems thread which is in moth balls. I guess this is as exciting as it gets.
2 hours ago, pegman said:
Oh I don't know... showing up to a cult gathering where fellow cult members will be adoring, fawning and practically worshiping? Doesn't sound so gutsy to me.
2 minutes ago, Crazy Alex said:
Any word on how she got to Edmonton? Did she sail there?
Edited October 18, 2019 by Cryingdick
Well there was a convoy of red necks from Red Deer who drove around the block while she spoke.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/greta-thunberg-edmonton-alberta-counterprotest-1.5324949
5 minutes ago, pegman said:
Wow, scary. Maybe she can follow the lead of a famous US politician and say she landed in Alberta under sniper fire just to spice things up a bit.
canuckamuck 29,048
Fine Specimen
7000 people from a city of a million. They get that many out for semi-pro hockey games. And despite Edmonton's reliance on the oil industry. You are probably aware that the city itself is the center of socialism in Alberta. Welfare addicts always congregate near capital cities. Plenty of unemployed ne'er-do-wells were available to come and hear Greta. Yet obviously most of them stayed home.
She is certainly dedicated to what she believes, It is terrible the adults have let her get so upset over a political opinion.
1 minute ago, canuckamuck said:
I thought you were telling us that your hometown is now full of the unemployed because Notley cut the world crude price by 2/3rds? Not nice what your calling those folks.
brokenbone 2,734
On 10/16/2019 at 10:55 PM, bristolboy said:
its modest these days compared to right when earth
came out of the last ice age, sea levels are confirming
we are at the moment at very stable temperatures
and sea level rise historically
7 minutes ago, brokenbone said:
Thanks for posting the chart on sea levels rising especially. It lines up perfectly with the 7,000 year-old burial site being discovered in 21 feet of Atlantic Ocean.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/florida-native-american-indian-burial-underwater/
It only takes very rudimentary observations of basic facts for one to see the global warming cult is a complete and total scam- not about science but about emotion and hysteria. That is precisely why they use abused little girls like poor Greta. They have to appeal to lower brain emotions because the logic is horribly flawed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Connecticut State Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection
Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection
Division of Statewide Emergency Telecommunications
Current: Connecticut Telecommunications System (CTS) Unit
Statewide Emergency Telecommunications
9-1-1 In Connecticut
Enhanced 9-1-1 Commission
9-1-1 Telecommunications Fund
Connecticut Telecommunications System
Public Safety Data Network
Public Safety Radio Frequency Coordination
Telecommunicator Certification Training
CT Alert ENS
Public Education Resources
PSAP Consolidation
Back to DESPP Home
Search Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection
Connecticut Telecommunications System (CTS) Unit
The Connecticut Telecommunications System (CTS) is comprised of several subsystems that are integrated into a statewide communications network. The CTS Unit operates under the Division of Statewide Emergency Telecommunications (DSET) and provides land mobile radio as well as other interoperable communications for the Connecticut State Police.
CTS manages over 65 sites across Connecticut to support equipment in the subsystems. Many sites include an antenna support tower and shelter, built to specifications that exceed industry standards, assure survivability, and maintain network operations during extreme conditions.
The CTS Mutual Aid (8CALL/8TAC) system was implemented as part of the 800 MHz radio installation to provide interoperability communications between Public Safety Agencies. This complies with the National Public Safety Planning Advisory Committee (NPSPAC) recommendations, FCC Rules & Regulations, and Regions 8 & 19 Regional Planning Update Committee (RPUC) plans.
Interoperability allows agencies to communicate with others regardless of manufacturer, equipment model, or frequency of their native system. CTS provides various ways to allow communication between agencies. The 800 MHz NPSPAC 8CALL/8TAC system, legacy radio systems and dispatch console cross patching can create many flexible interoperability configurations.
Connecticut Land Mobile Radio Network (CLMRN)
The CLMRN is a trunked P25 Phase 1 (FDMA) & 2 (TDMA) 700 and 800 MHz system that provides 98% mobile coverage statewide. The network radio sites are linked with both microwave and fiber optic cable. This provides public safety grade reliability with 24x7x365 monitoring by a dedicated team of experts at the Network Control Center.
Recent updates to the land mobile radio network have increased capacity; making it possible for municipalities, State and Federal agencies, neighboring states, and public safety providers to benefit from the advantages of the CLMRN. The network is able to integrate trunked systems with conventional radios and dispatch consoles and has over 15,000 radios currently in use.
Benefits of Joining the CLMRN
No fees charged by the State
Access to conventional channel gateway network (CCGW) with Motorola consoles
Over–the-air–rekeying (OTAR)
Over-the-air-programming (OTAP)
Interoperability with other CLMRN users
Access to the state radio management system
Potential increased/improved coverage
Reduced costs vs. building own system
Mobile phone/LTE integration
Quarterly User Group meetings
Connecticut Land Mobile Radio Network (CLMRN) Brochure
Network Control Center (NCC) Key Responsibilities
Monitoring (24 x 7 x 365)
Facilities, power, HVAC, site access, transport, circuits, P25 trunked radio system, conventional radio system
Logging of site activity and ticketing of trouble incidents and scheduled maintenance/repairs
Utilization of multiple systems to provide notification to technicians and customers of service affecting work (scheduled & non-scheduled)
· Daily, weekly and monthly system reports and ad hoc reports provided to CTS to support system health and peak performance
Can I just use my current system?
Any radios or equipment you wish to use on the network must meet P25 standards, pass the Compliance Acceptance Program (CAP), and be approved by CTS engineers.
Can our school buses add radios to the network?
The CLMRN is not designed to support routine school bus operations. See policy regarding school transportation (click here).
Is the network vulnerable to outages?
Most sites are equipped with a standby generator and 8 hour battery backup systems, redundant HVAC systems, entry control and alarm, and fire detection systems.
Can you enhance radio coverage?
To improve street level/in-building portable radio coverage, beyond the network's current capability, may require the user to purchase additional equipment (e.g., infrastructure, repeaters, etc.) to enhance reception.
Are communications encrypted?
Radios can be programmed for encrypted communication. The user is responsible for ensuring their radios and equipment are compatible.
Who is eligible to be on the Network?
Municipalities & public safety providers:
Emergency Response Teams
Other Public Safety Supporters
Click the links to see maps listing current users who are "Live" on the CLMRN.
DEMHS Regions
Other Public Safety Partners
CLMRN User Survey
Feedback is important and benefits the whole group. Here's what we learned from a recent survey:
77% reported improved interoperability with other users.
Users on their experience working with CTS Engineers –
"They were very informative and provided detailed information about the transition throughout the change over."
"Extremely helpful and responsive. Especially when called upon during critical incident."
Click to view a summary of the survey results.
Interoperability Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
CTS is Making Interoperability a Reality. The State does not charge a fee for municipalities and public safety providers to join the CLMRN. The MOU offers written assurances for a multi-year period that outlines the responsibilities and expectations set for public safety partners to join the network. Contact us if you'd like an MOU for your organization. Click to review a draft of the MOU.
Next Step: Contact Us
Joining the CLMRN requires more than just flipping a switch. It's important to note that any radios or dispatch consoles that you want to access the network must be compatible with the CLMRN. The best way to determine if you are eligible to join the CLMRN is to reach out and set up a conference call with the CTS team.
1111 Country Club Road
Middletown, CT 06457
Clayton Northgraves, Director of Emergency Telecommunications
Clayton.Northgraves@ct.gov
Scott Wright, Senior Telecommunications Engineer
Scott.Wright@ct.gov


text:
Q: Notifications when iPhone is turned off or app is uninstalled I was recently asked questions related to Notifications in an interview :

*

*What happens to the notifications when the iPhone is turned off

*What happens to the notifications when the user has uninstalled my application
I know there are already some questions related to Notifications but none of them explains what really happens to all those notifications like where are they stored or what happens to them for the time being but what they ask or others answer is that how to still get the notification which is not really my question

A: *

*When the phone is turned off, the notifications will remain on APNS for the expiry time and APNS will try to deliver it until it expires. See this and search for apns-expiration

*If the app is uninstalled, you will get an error on server side that the device token to which the notifications is sent is not valid any more.
You must read the docs carefully. It is all mentioned there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category: God of Small Things
Orientalism In Marvel!
On March 9, 2022 By Clark T.In God of Small ThingsLeave a comment
Typically, we look past the idea of Orientalism when it relates to the movies that we all know and love, and those are the classic Marvel superhero movies, yet there are quite a few examples of Orientalism shown in these movies that a lot of people don't notice. Marvel Studios recently announced that they are developing a film with Shang-Chi, or Master of Kung Fu, as the protagonist. While many are excited for Marvel Studio's first Asian-led movie, others are concerned that the studio's choice of character was a stereotypical martial artist who happens to be the son of Fu Manchu, the offensive and racist fictional villain popular during the twentieth century. When adding a Asian character to a Marvel film, the producers usually add a stereotypical Asian fighter who has a strength of Martial arts. Some examples of this in past films include the characters like Wolverine and Katana. Both of these characters were introduced in the early stages of marvel and are pictured in many comic books where they are seen as Asian fighters who have mastered street fighting rather than other white superheroes who have more of a power and doesn't necessary stereotype them as street fighters. It often goes unnoticed due to the popularity of Marvel, as well as the kid like persona that Marvel brings. When westerners are played in these type of action movies, there are often characterized as the villain and as a mean viscous fighter. Whereas the Eastern characters are usually the hero's and are the people who have the superpowers. As we move forward in the future, I hope that Marvel can shy away from these stereotypes and switch things up and go in a different direction.
Leave Your Job and Sing Songs From the Hilltop: Orientalism in "Lunana: a Yak in the Classroom"
On March 8, 2022 March 8, 2022 By Alex G.In Film, God of Small Things, Orientalism1 Comment
Set in the south Asian nation of Bhutan, "Lunana: a Yak in the Classroom" tells the story of Ugyen, a teacher who aspires to move to Australia to fulfill his lifelong dream of becoming a singer. However, to align with his duties to the Bhutanese government, he must complete his fourth year of mandatory service teaching in Lunana, home to one of the world's most remote schools.
Right away, I noticed the strong juxtaposition between a city kid like Ugyen and this remote town in the Orient. Ugyen spends essentially the entire journey complaining about its difficulty and pondering how, exactly, people survive in the middle of nowhere. He almost never takes out his headphones, completely disengaged with his natural surroundings and embraced in the material world.
But as he spends more time interacting with Lunana and its people, Ugyen starts to realize that they are not just a bunch of other-worldly "savages" — the people of Lunana value his presence and value teaching him the legends of their culture. For example, the yak is a motif that is a symbol of love and survival — they sing songs about it, they honor the dead with it, they start fires with its dung to cook food. The students of Lunana expose Ugyen to a different, engaging culture, and in return they value his own lessons through his teaching. This moment of realization in Ugyen's first few days is the catalyst in his decision to stay in Lunana rather than panic and leave at first sight.
Ugyen still struggles to see Lunana outside of the other-worldly orientalist lens — he has nothing to teach the students with, no electricity, and albeit he is learning, there is still a disconnect between the modern world and the orient in several instances — his students do not know what a car is, and after he runs out of teaching supplies, he must have more sent from the nearest civilization. While learning the traditional songs of Lunana, he is told to "leave his job and sing songs from the hilltop." While the citizens of Lunana imagined the "hilltop" as the physical hilltop that people sing songs from, one cannot help but imagine Australia — where Ugyen planned to go to become a singer before being sent off to Lunana; the place he thought success was the most possible.
When wintertime comes, Ugyen has the ability to fulfill his lifelong dream, but instead of the "it'll just be a few months" attitude we saw at the beginning of the film, we see him having trouble leaving. In spite of the disconnect, Ugyen did everything he could for his students, and they let him know. The students embrace of Ugyen as their teacher helped him embrace the culture of Lunana, and even as he heads off for the "hilltop" of Australia, he sings the songs of Lunana.
And I know, in this final scene of the film, Ugyen felt he was doing good — the reasons the filmmakers showed the altitude of each place Ugyen visited (Lunana being the highest; Sydney, Australia the lowest) was to demonstrate that Australia isn't a "hilltop" after all. As Ugyen got further away from civilization, the altitude literally and figuratively increased. "Lunana: a Yak in the Classroom" demonstrates orientalism's affect on civilization, and how one can somehow become more enlightened by getting away from the modern world.
God of Small Things and Parasite
On March 4, 2022 March 10, 2022 By Elizabeth SIn Film, God of Small Things1 Comment
"How could she stand the smell? Haven't you noticed? They have a particular smell, these Paravans."
Baby Kochamma, God of Small Things
"No, no, it's not that. What is it? Like an old radish. No. You know when you boil a rag? It smells like that."
Park Dong-ik, Parasite
*spoilers* GOST reminded me of many works of art, including Parasite, one of my favorite movies. Both works put smell at the center of tensions between classes.
This use of smell is very striking in both stories. Even though it's one of our most powerful scenses, smell tends to be sidetracked in movies and books.
Class might visually or audibly present itself differently in different cultures. Scent is the most universally recognized measure of class; no matter where in the world you live, it requires privilege to have access to perfume, running water, and soap, and to live in an area that isn't heavily polluted or have a job that doesn't include interactions with trash/chemicals.
The effects of orientalism are also present in Parasite. I haven't seen the movie for a while, but a detail I remember is that one character, Ki-jung, uses the fake name "Jessica" and claims to have studied in America when she tries to become the Park family's art therapist. She seems more qualified to the Park family because of her English name and American education.
There are more similarities between the two stories. Both are about relations between families of different classes, and all families involved in these stories are destroyed because of these relationships. If you haven't seen Parasite, I highly recommend it. Like GOST, it is as thrilling as it is thought-provoking.
Orientalism in Avatar
On March 4, 2022 By MAEVE MIn God of Small Things, Orientalism4 Comments
When I first watched Avatar as a kid, I was too young to really absorb the story. Instead, I loved it for all the bright colors and fun action sequences. However, after rewatching the movie recently, I noticed that it follows the basic structure for Orientalism in movies. Jake Sully, a white man, becomes a part of a study of the native "aliens" (the Na'vi) of the planet Pandora. The beginning of the film contains many scenes depicting the Na'vi as a wild and uncivilized group that needed help from humans. The main researcher, Grace, even tried to create a school on Pandora in order to teach them to live like humans. However as the film progresses, Jake begins to learn the ways of the Na'vi people and eventually be integrated into their community. By the end of the movie, Jake Sully acts as the leader of the Na'vi in order to protect them against the humans trying to take over Pandora. Basically, a white American man is thrown into this uncivilized group, learns their ways and begins to appreciate them, and finally ends up being a better version of them and becomes their leader.
I was shocked when I first noticed this. How did a sci-fi movie about an entirely different planet still manage to have Orientalism? This really scared me. A movie that isn't even about Earth managed to spread the message of Orientalism. What's even scarier is that Avatar is the #1 top grossing movie. How many people have watched it and not picked up on its problematic message? Although it has been criticized many times in the past, I doubt most of the world really took the time to look into what is so problematic about it. How many children have watched this movie and are subtly being influence they are better than people from other cultures? I also wondered, how many other movies have I watched with not-so-subtle Orientalism that I just didn't even pick up on? How many other movies are spreading these messages around without anyone noticing or caring? Although I doubt that I will always pick up on all the different problematic themes in movies, I definitely will be paying more attention from this point forward.
Orientalism in The God of Small Things
On March 4, 2022 March 10, 2022 By Gigi DIn God of Small Things, Orientalism5 Comments
While reading the theory of orientalism, I reflected on how casually and habitually orientalism shows up in television, works of literature, and every day discussion in Western countries. This theme is repeatedly incorporated throughout The God of Small Things,, specifically through its emphasis of "the other" and the power dynamic that this perspective enforces.
Exaggerated contrasts of culture are highlighted with the initial greetings of Sophie Mol and Margaret Kochamma. For instance, Margaret Kochamma exclaims, "How marvelous!…It's a sort of sniffing! Do the Men and Women do it to each other too?" which is returned by Ammu, " Oh, all the time!…That's how we make babies." Chacko then requests that Ammu apologizes to which she responds with, "Must we behave like some damn godforsaken tribe that's just been discovered?"(171). Ammu's sarcasm and frustration with Margaret Kochamma justifiably stems from the condescension of not only her inquiries, but the suggestion of other cultures being exotic or strange by Westerners as a whole. Moreover, this exaggeration of differences establishes the power of Westerners, as cultures of the East are further pushed into the label of being outsiders or labeled as "the other".
Furthermore, the idealization of Sophie Mol further emphasizes the presence of this perspective on a global scale. For example, "'She has her mother's color,' Kochu Maria said. 'Papppachi's nose', Mammachi insisted, 'I don't know about that, but she's very beautiful,'…Sundari kitty. She's a little angel'. Kochu's Maria's insistence of Sophie Mol's possession of solely her mothers physical characteristics and continued use of the word "beautiful" to describe her continues to reinforce the idea of orientalism, especially considering Estha and Rahel's consequent perspective of what "beauty" is. Roy notes, "Littleangels were beach-colored and wore bell bottom. Little demons were mudbrown in Air-port Fairy Frocks…"(170).
Fiction for Fissures in Orientalism
On March 4, 2022 March 10, 2022 By Maggie B.In God of Small Things, Orientalism1 Comment
In my life, I feel like my learning of the East and "other" cultures is pretty limited and after hearing about Orientalism it makes sense when I get a certain confusion about other cultures and lifestyles. The confusion can be frustrating and the lack of knowledge I have sometimes is real and this makes me think about why. The TV I watched or the books I read glamorized finding oneself in the East or oversexualized women from different cultures and realizing the extent of that is scary. The framework of analyzing these images has been opened up to me through discussions of literature that immerse readers into the "other' that Orientalism misrepresents way too often.
Last year, I got into reading and a fantasy fiction two-book series caught my attention, which inevitably led to a reading binge with breaks to eat, sleep, and repeat. Written by Hafsah Faizal, We Hunt The Flame and We Free The Stars raptured what I originally expected in reading a book. The books are based on ancient Arabia and I recall starting the book and being so clearly confused that I was desperately looking up terms like what sirwal were or what damma meant. Now reflecting on it I think Orientalism that has been around in my life became all too normal to me and while reading those concepts were challenged with the precise details that brought wonder and a desire to know more in this different setting. Faizal incorporated all these aspects into these characters' lifestyles with terms and structures that I had little to no knowledge of. In my learning of history, I acknowledge the bafflement that comes with the fact that I did not cover much of it with the importance it deserves and being immersed in a society based with Orientalism, there is a lack of understanding that comes with trying to know real aspects of different lifestyles around us. Instead of associating deserts with personal European discovery journeys, the author immersed readers into the realistic details of life at those times for people not normally represented accurately in media with aromas, food, clothing, hierarchies, transportation, and decor. Despite the series being a part of fiction, the books taught more to me in the value of self-reflecting on what knowledge I lacked and thinking about wonder/romanticizing the details of different cultures than I ever really had known. I acknowledge that numerous factors are playing into the perception of these cultures that Orientalism in our society puts into categories such as exposure, effort, and conscious thinking but I still believe that literature opened me up to perceptions that cracked the one mind path track that Orientalism tries to manipulate into being accurate.
Orientalism as a Veil for Promiscuity in Art History
On March 4, 2022 March 4, 2022 By SAMANTHA SIn God of Small Things, OrientalismLeave a comment
Orientalism is the theory coined by Edward Said which shines a light upon West's modern conception of the East. Siad claims with the West's increased interest in eastern culture (particularly ancient eastern culture) came the rise of a distorted perception of eastern customs and lifestyle. The scientistic, sociologists and archeologist perpetuated narratives about middle eastern and northern African culture that cast them mystical and mysterious in an archaic, patronizing manner. This narrative served the imperialist agenda; branding these foreign cultures as otherworldly and and antiquated justified European colonialism as a means of "civilizing."
Orientalism modern application are far reaching and fascinating, but what interests me most is the prominence of this theory applications in art history. Recently in my art history class, we looked at a piece by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres entitled La Grand Odalisque (Odalisque refers to female member of a concubine).
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, La Grande Odalisque, 1814, Oil on canvas, 36″ x 63″ (91 x 162 cm), (Musée du Louvre, Paris)
In the painting, done by a French artist, a women sits nude with her back to the audience. She is surrounded by relics from the East; a hookah pipe, bangle bracelets, a head scarf. Although the women does not appear to be from the East herself, her environment suggests that she belongs to the western conception of the orient.
This painting was likely created for several reasons. For on, Europe's newfound exploration into the middle east and northern Africa sparked an interest in these cultures that were seen as new and "exotic." But the arguably more prevalent reason why this piece was created, or rather how is was created, was because orientalism served as an excuse for sexual themes in art.
For hundreds of years in European art history, various excuses had been made for including suggestive female nudes in master art works. Most commonly, people referred to the nude figures in their paintings as "Venuses." This titled referred back to the greek goddess of love and beauty. So while is was frowned upon to have images of naked women for the sake of having images of naked women, if theme images were put in the context of ancient greece, they were no longer promiscuous, rather they were academic. The sexual nature of the piece could be cast off by the pagan environment it was set in. In fact, the piece that most heavily influence La Grande Odalisque was in fact Venus of Urbino which depicted one of these venus figures.
La Grande Odalisque has a similar idea only instead of using greek mythology to cloak sexual content, orientalism was the cloak. At the time of the paintings creation, France had just exited their revolution and while social change was stirring, people remained highly conservative in their beliefs. In order to get away with a painting of a nude female, Inges cast the figure as a part of an Eastern harem, or, Odalisque. It was a widely held notion to westerns at the time that people in the East often engaged in immodest sexual practices and multiple marriages. As such, setting this peice in the environment of the oriental allowed the artist and the patron to conceal the sexual themes as an interest in the eastern world and its culture (that is, its percieved culture).
On March 4, 2022 March 10, 2022 By Katarina O.In God of Small Things, OrientalismLeave a comment
"The God of Small Things" by Arundhati Roy highlights the aftermath of colonization through characters that readers emphasize with. The idea of orientalism is shown in the novel through the character's beliefs and way of life as well as their relationships with others. The negative impact of this belief is depicted through the perception of characters such as Baby Kochama, Ammu, Velutha, Estha, and Rahel. This results in social and political issues being at the core of the novel which informs readers on the long-lasting effect that orientalism has on the lives of people and their mindsets.
One example of this is Rahel's relationship with Larry McCaslin. Larry is never able to understand the darkness that Rahel has experienced which results in him not being able to connect with her. This is evident when Larry does not understand a certain look of Rahel. "He was exasperated because he didn't know what that look meant. He put it somewhere between indifference and despair. He didn't know that in some places, like the country Rahel came from, various kinds of despair competed for primacy. And that personal despair could never be desperate enough" (20). This passage is extremely powerful in illustrating the long-lasting consequences of colonization and orientalism. Orientalism has controlled the way of life and the values of those around Rahel which has caused a lot of destruction. Larry as an American has never experienced the power of history and the repercussions of colonization. While Roy portrays the damage caused by an orientalist mindset, she also sheds light on the misinformation of the east that is portrayed in western media and the false beliefs that form as a result.
Orientalism in 19th Century Interracial Relationships
On March 3, 2022 March 3, 2022 By ASHBY S.NIn God of Small Things2 Comments
While reading God of Small things set in post colonial India, I was reminded of the effects of Orientalism among British officers in the East India Company. More specifically when examining Orientalism, the relationships between British officers and Indian women came to mind.
The theory of Orientalism discusses the dangers of both stereotypes that diminish the validity of nations on the "orient" describing places outside of the West "primitive" and stuck in time, as well as stereotypes that over romanticize the culture, depicting the people, especially the women of the "Orient" as sensual, mysterious, and exotic. Both stereotypes are equally harmful because both work to dehumanize the people that live outside of the West, not allowing people who live in the "orient" the mutual recognition they deserve.
As a case study, the interracial relationships in colonial India reinforce the idea that Orientalism can manifest as a positive, or attractive view of people in India for instance, but is still extremely harmful because it diminishes humans to a single trait. Many British Officers of the East India Company, like James Kirkpatrick, married Indian women upon moving to India with stereotypes of women in the "orient" as their reason for attraction. British men claimed Indian women to be "more sexual" and "exotic" than British women and thus preferable as a sexual partners.
The British men of the East India Company were prime examples of Orientalism in action, their attraction to the women in India was motivated by stereotypes of women in the "orient" rather than the quality of their character. Thus, the concepts of Orientalism still apply even when the stereotypes are more positive, and desirable, the dehumanization no matter the stereotype remains the same.
Orientalism vs. Classism in The God of Small Things
On March 3, 2022 March 3, 2022 By MADDOX NIn God of Small Things, OrientalismLeave a comment
In Amurhatti Roy's, The God of Small Things, it is interesting to note how different people are judged in different ways. While there is blatant discrimination and oppression in the Caste System, there are less regulated prejudices in orientalism.
The classism seen in The God of Small Things mostly fits within the Caste System, but where it does not is where it is shown at its strongest. Through the Ipe family, we see what it's like to be at the top of the chain. We see how Baby Kochamma treats others that are not of their class, such as Velutha, and the magnitudes she goes to in order to preserve the family name. The most obvious being framing Velutha, whose death shows that Boaby Kochamma will go to any length for the family's position. Usually, as with Sophie Mol, the British are seen as high up in the caste system, just because of the color of their skin. Interestingly enough, this does not matter to Baby Kochamma. When Tacko told his family he was marrying Margaret Kochamma, Baby Kochamma did not approve, despite her future daughter in-law's nationality. To Baby Kochamma, money is what really sets people apart.
In comparison, it is less surprising that Margaret Kochamma's family also didn't approve of her and Chako's marriage. Margaret Kochamma's family is afraid of their daughter marrying an Indian Man because they have been tamed by orientalism. Through orientalism, the protrayal of the East in Western media and entertainment, Margaret's family considers India an "other". They are scared of their daughter going to a place that they aren't comfortable with, and losing the "civility" that they associate with the West. They don't truly understand what a place like India is really like, and the death of Sophie Mol must have only intensified their prejudice.
The Orientalist Mindset Through "The God of Small Things"
On March 3, 2022 March 10, 2022 By ELIZABETH LIn God of Small Things, OrientalismLeave a comment
"The God of Small Things" by Arundhati Roy brings a lot of issues to light, and compelling storytelling on the part of Roy helps emphasize systematic issues in interesting ways. A common theme one can associate with "The God of Small Things" is the orientalism and orientalist mindset present throughout the story, as well as how that affects characters and their perceptions of others. Roy does an excellent job of depicting the negative effects an orientalist mindset can have on a person's perspective and worldview, as well as how society's natural perception is not often prone to change. Although the story itself has a compelling plot, the way issues of class, politics, as well as societal issues are immersed into the story make it extremely informative and beneficial to read. Many societal issues are highlighted throughout the story, specifically those regarding the orientalist mindset and how it can be detrimental.
For example, from the beginning of our introduction to Margaret Kochamma and Sophie Mol, it is evident that they feel out of place, and they already have a predisposed idea of what they will be experiencing on their holidays. Although Roy does not shove these misalignments in your face, she does make it a point for readers to notice the difference in perspective, as well as how it is ultimately untrue and even offensive. For example, Ammu remarks sarcastically to Margaret Kochamma after she asks a question about Kochu Marie smelling Sophie's hands, asking whether or not it is a custom. Although to Margaret it may have seemed like an innocent question, so few words really put into perspective the misinformation that many people have, especially those with previous notions and opinions about things they have not experienced.
Roy's specific use of words and articulation of these differences shed light on how destructive the orientalist mindset can be, as it creates the expectation of stagnancy, without the anticipation of growth or development. Roy does an excellent job of bringing awareness to these differing perspectives and how although there is a lot of tradition and custom, such is true in any culture, and the division of "The East" and "The West" stems from a lot of misinformation and assumptions.
The Dangers of a Single Story paired with Orientalism
On March 3, 2022 By Ann Marie H.In God of Small Things, Orientalism2 Comments
One of the most powerful TED talks that I have ever listened to debuted in 2009. The conversation Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie holds with this audience about what a single story can hold against many people throughout the world and the harm that it may possess is captivating.
A single story is a concept which emphasizes the possibility of misunderstandings with another person or culture. Single stories spread throughout the world like a wildfire. As Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie explained her experience with her American roommate when attending college she explained the difficulties of the single story her roommate held for Adichie being from Nigeria, "My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe. In this single story, there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibility of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals." Single stories lead to misconceptions about culture, gender, and race.
Orientalism is described, by Richard Said, as a critical concept to describe the West's commonly contemptuous depiction and portrayal of "The East". Societies and peoples of the Orient are those who inhabit the places of Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. The critical concepts many people perceive are damaging and hold stereotypes that are untrue.
The single story articulates a similar narrative to Orientalism. Both contain a false conception about the cultures and lives of many people, which have lasting effects throughout the generations.
Ecocriticism
On March 3, 2022 March 10, 2022 By ALINA SIn God of Small Things2 Comments
When i started reading God Of Small Things, I immediately noticed Roy's altering use of language and specifics in his writing. Especially his comparison of almost anything and everything with nature. I was curious as to this style of writing and I found a word I think accurately describes Roy's literary ability to incorporate nature and how it challenge societys rule and customs: ecocriticism. Broadly speaking, ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. There are many events or significant places that represent this relationship, as well as give a deeper meaning to things in nature that may otherwhise go overlooked. For example water. The river had a very important meaning in this novel and served a physicall represntation fo a "boundary" one must overcome in order to cross it. Another example is the garden in which Baby Kochamma took upon herself in creating a whole world for herself and find pride in.
The title of this novel, being "God Of Small Things" has a bit of a two sided meaning when it coems to Roy's portrayal of nature and its meaning thorugout the book. In this wirting, nature is definitely more so seen as the "small things," while society, class, gender is all more seen as the "big things," which is why we end up understanding why Velutha is the "God Of Small Thing," because of his appreciation and commitment to the small aspects of nature and environment that surrounds him.
Three Children On The Riverbank
On March 2, 2022 March 10, 2022 By LEO GIn God of Small Things2 Comments
In Arundhati Roy's novel, The God of Small Things, Roy builds to the climax of the novel just for it to fall short of surprising. Through constant foreshadowing and revealing small details throughout the book, Roy leaves the audience already expecting what will happen, leaving a more emphasized yet comfortable storytelling. In Chapter 16, the disaster of Sophie Mol's death finally transpires. The passage begins with the kids entering the river bank with the motives of making the adults feel guilty. Sophie mol is hesitant and Roy's writing infers that something bad may happen, "Sophie Mol was more tentative. A little frightened of what lurked in the shadows around her." Roy contrasts the comfortability of Estha and Rahel who "seemed to trust the darkness" with Sophie Mol's hesitation and unfamiliarity, commenting on the twin's eastern origins and being careless with danger, while the cousin is western–innocent to the shadows. This idea of attempting to combine both the east and west is carried on when Sophie Mol tries to convince Estha and Rahel that her accompanying them is "essential". She states that "the absence of children, all children, would heighten the adults' remorse." Sophie Mol, while it would seem like the whole novel tries to depict easterners as yearning to become more western, tries to mix in with Rahel and Estha–her rejection of Chacko and Baby Kochamma in order to win their approval.
Roy, subtlely discusses the failure of the westerners trying to familiarize themself with the east, and this results in a horrific scene. With Sophie Mol's death left in the hands of Estha and Rahel, the motif of Pappachi's moth returns, showing the fear and anger that resides in Rahel's heart: "On Rahel's heart Pappachi's moth snapped open its somber wings. Out. In. And lifted its legs." The metaphor of Pappachi's moth is finally completed at this moment, finally opening its wings. This passage really exemplifies one of the main tragedies of The God of Small Things and answers questions about Orientalism that influence Western perceptions.
The Cost of Living
On March 1, 2022 March 10, 2022 By LYLA A.In God of Small Things5 Comments
The concluding chapter of The God of Small Things is possibly one of the best last chapter of a book I have ever read. It did a really good job of fully wrapping up the full meaning of the book and what/who the good of small things really is. The chapter starts off with Velutha and Ammu meeting up and sharing an intimate moment with each other. They are simply just enjoying each others presence and trying to live in the current moment with the joy they feel together. While they spent time together they "instinctively stuck to the Small Things. The Big Things ever lurked inside. They knew that there was nowhere for them to go. They had nothing. No future. So they stuck to the small things."(320) This is such a powerful line and honestly sums up the entire book. Ammu and Velutha can't be together and they know that so instead of dwelling on that and only thinking about that, they choose not to and I think that is super significant. They can't be anything together and they beat that by just enjoying each other and letting that be enough. While spending time together, they decided to focus of "ant-bites on each other's bottoms" and "the pair of small fish that always sought Velutha out in the river and bit him" While these things obviously don't matter, it calms them to focus on little things. Sometimes, when you can't control the big things it is easier to focus on the small things that you can control. The last chapter fully wraps up the full meaning of the book and the reason Velutha is The God of Small Things.
Casual Conversation
On March 1, 2022 By Michael D.In God of Small Things3 Comments
In the United States, there has been a pattern in popular culture of misrepresenting Eastern cultures. The classic examples are the cannibals in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and the representations of people in Mulan and Aladdin. While outside the scope of Eastern cultures, there is also the film trope of the dry, barren, gang-ridden Mexican desert. The proper term for this is Orientalism, and I think it affects people to such a degree because they are exposed to Americanizations of those cultures at a young age, which they then take to adulthood. They are then rarely, if ever, exposed to the actual cultures. The solution to this? Casual conversation.
The world lost it for the past two years, but I believe the best way to interact with someone else is face to face. When two people are standing in front of each other, there is no computer-generated filter, no screen, and no director to tell them what to say. There are no assumptions, because there is another person to explain things. There is no shield of anonymity to hide behind, because that other person is 5 feet away from you and not halfway across the globe connected to you via social media. All that is left is two people, their looks, gestures, actions, thoughts, feelings, and voices. When these two people are in front of each other, orientalist ideals fall away completely, because they are founded on obviously false assumptions about the other person standing in front of you.
Casual conversation is something every American should try, at least a few times per year. Everybody should find someone different from them, as different as possible, and just talk to them. It doesn't have to be about anything specific, but everybody should walk away having learned something.
Judging a Book by its Cover
On March 1, 2022 March 10, 2022 By VERITY F.In God of Small Things3 Comments
The saying "Don't judge a book by it's cover" is much easier said then done. Usually when I am put in a situation where I have to choose from two books, I will most likely choose the book that has a more "aesthetically pleasing" cover. A cover usually associates with what is inside the book, making the cover a preview of the book at hand. When 'The God of Small Things' was first placed on my desk, I started making assumtions of what this book could possibly be about before even reading the summary. Now that I have finished the novel I can not help but reflect on what I assumed the novel would be about based on the cover versus what the novel was really about.
The simplistic flowers on the cover are to vague to assume any specifics in the novel. Even after reading, at first glance, the flowers were not a major part nor brought up in the novel. These flowers are symbolic rather then literal.
Farther downstream in the middle of the river, Velutha floated on his back looking up at the stars…he was free to lie in the river and drift slowly withe the current.
When I first saw the cover of 'The God of Small Things' I was reminded of lilypads. Lilypads symbolize many gods in different parts of the world and cultures. Velutha is defined as the god of small things throughout the novel. The way that Velutha is floating in the riveris simillar to the ways that lilypads also float on bodies of water meaning these flowers could represent Velutha in a way.
Aside from Velutha, the flowers could represent the small things. In society flowers are seen as these beautiful pieces of life. Flowers are given as a symbol of proudness, a gift and/or love. Flowers are small, cheep and can be found anywhere, but the idea of recieveing and giving flowers feels genuine. Giving small things such as flowers are not necassarly for a purpose of a physical gift but rather a symbol of the love that one has for another. The small things in life can represent the most crucial pieces of life.
Bathroom Buddies
On March 1, 2022 March 10, 2022 By VAN T.In God of Small Things4 Comments
The novel, The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy exhibits some tendencies of the twins, Rahel and Estha, through a particularly unique scene of the Ipe family at the cinema. Before heading to watch the film, the family splits up to go to the restroom, Estha is directed to go alone while Ammu, Baby Kochamma, and Rahel go together. The significance of this passage was more specific to developing and reflecting the traits of the characters which would account for their actions later in the novel.
When Rahel sets foot into the restroom, Ammu and Baby Kochamma help her to relieve herself by holding her up above the pot. As Rahel is held up by her mother and baby grandaunt they have a little moment of laughter as Ammu is trying to mimic the urinating sound. Then while Baby Kochamma takes her turn Rahel thinks to herself that she "liked all this. Holding the handbag. Everyone pissing in front of everyone. Like friends'' (91). Rahel values the time she spends with the people she loves although they may disapprove of her. She feels secure in a vulnerable environment with others while Estha, on the other hand, feels, or at least tries to be more comfortable alone.
When Estha enters the restroom he faces a problem at the urinal, he is too short. He rectifies this issue by organizing some cans he found sitting on the ground in front of the urinal to stand on top of. The book states that Estha "stood on them, one foot on each, and pissed carefully with minimal wobble. Like a Man" (92). Through this action we can see that Estha wants to be seen as more mature and tries to present more grown, physically and mentally. Ammu confirms his act when Estha leaves the restroom to join the women. Ammu states that she "felt a sudden clutch of love for her reserved dignified little son in his beige and pointy shoes, who had just completed his first adult assignment" (93). Ammu is able to feel the matured energy from Estha which can explain why Baby Kochamma saw him as the 'responsible' and 'practical' twin when he was selected to confirm an identity for the inspector later in the novel.
Altering the Love Laws As We Thought We Knew It
On March 1, 2022 By Nicholas P.In God of Small Things, Orientalism3 Comments
Throughout the novel The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy the topic of caste differences, specifically between Velutha and the Ayemenem house. However, in the last chapter of the novel, we get an in-depth explanation of sex between Velutha and Ammu. From about the middle to the end of the novel the relationship between Ammu and Velutha seemed to be a crime of passion and lust. But with the description of the sex between these two, not only is it the only time in the story where we are told this is happening vividly, but the chapter holds more power than just lust. This chapter contrasts the traditional viewpoints between Touchables and the Untouchables and destroys everything thought of with the Love Laws motif explained throughout the novel, more specifically, who can be loved. In it's explained, "She could hear the wild hammering of his heart. She help him till it calmed down. Somewhat" (Roy 316). The explanation of Velutha's heart-pounding somewhat humanizes him, which goes against how he has been characterized before, as an animal. I also find the word choice of the chapter, The Cost of Living, very interesting because it tells the severity of the relationship between Ammu and Velutha. This while chapter not only describes the intimate story between two people but it's an opposition to the mistreatment and alienation of lower caste people but the true love between Ammu and Velutha, far beyond what Baby Kochamma — who could not believe that Ammu would even allow this to happen— thought of their relationship.


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Home » Fabric & Weaving History » Weaving Looms & Textiles » What is Silk?
What is Silk? - The History of Silk Weaving and Fabric
Silk is one of the most ancient fabrics known to humanity. According to the historical records, the material first originated in China associated with it, a royal tale of discovery. It was from here that the fabric got a head start after which it unfolded to Korea, Japan, Persia, and other parts via the Silk Route (Silk Road).
Until the 13th century, the fabric was considered only for royal and the wealthy. For several years, Italy remained the European leader of silk until France promoted its silk weaving during the 17th century.
Origin of Silk
Silk existed in China before the mid of the 3rd millennium BC during which just 1,000 yards, or 1 km, of thread from a silkworm's cocoon, was reeled, spun, and woven. It became a significant contributor to the rural economy of the nation.
As per a legend, the wife of the legendary Yellow Emperor Huangdi discovered silk in 27th century BC as a woven fibre. With the observation of unravelling cocoon that fell from a mulberry tree into her cup of tea, the empress discovered the process of obtaining shimmering threads. She soon came up with the cultivation of worms, sericulture, and conceived the reel and loom. Since then, for almost three millennia, China enjoyed the global monopoly for producing silk.
The Growth of Silk Production in China
The Song dynasty accomplished the art of kesi, a magnificent tapestry of silk woven with a needle acting as a shuttle on a small loom. Records state that the artwork was found by the Central Asia's Sogdians, which was enhanced by the Uighurs before Chinese went for it. Kesi stands for cut silk and is derived from the perpendicular space between colourful areas, caused by the threads not extending across the width.
During Han regime, silk weaving was the primary industry and chief export product. Early Han textiles found from Mawangdui act as the testimony of weaving development in the form of brocade, damasks, and embroidery. The next remains are usually damasks, which are finely woven with colourful patterns repeating at every 2 inches or 5 cm.
Silk Secret Revealed to the World
Almost 2200 years ago, in 200 BC, several Chinese people migrated to Korea and revealed silk production in that country. From here, the secret gradually was revealed throughout Asia. It also reached the West via various channels. In almost next 500 years, sericulture was established in India after which it started trading with Persians who developed their rich techniques in the 12th century AD.
In 550 AD, the Byzantine Emperor named Justinian got the first silkworm eggs from two Nestorian monks who have hidden them in their concave bamboo staves. The Byzantine state and church introduced imperial workshops and kept the secret to themselves due to which the silk industry boomed in the Middle East.
In the 7th century, the Arabs took over the Persians and spread sericulture throughout their victorious territories of Spain, Sicily, and Africa. Then the Mongol regime's Crusaders and Marco Polo's China trips resulted in commercial exchanges between the West and East. This led to a silk industry in Italy in the early 12th century.
During the regime of second Crusades in the 13th century, Italy started producing silk with the help of thousands of skilled silk weavers from the present Istanbul region (former Constantinople). Finally, the art of creating silk was spread into Europe.
The Improvement in Silk Technology before Industrial Revolution
According to Chinese sources, a machine was used in 1090 to unravel cocoons that were positioned in a big hot water basin. Silk was woven onto a big spool due to its back and fro motion. While not much is known about the Chinese spinning techniques, it is recorded that a spinning wheel moved by hand was popular at the start of the Christian era. A silk spinning machine driven with a water wheel was popular in the 14th century.
According to the compilations of the 13th century, Chinese looms were superior of all. It states of two loom types due to which the worker's arms were set free. First is the Eurasian drawloom and second is the East Asian pedal loom. Since the 2nd century BC, silk brocades were formed by using four-shafted looms.
The Middle Era witnessed the introduction of many techniques for manufacturing silk. While the period from 10th to 12th century saw minor changes, the 13th century marked the time of big twists. In its beginning, an ancient form of milling the silk threads had its hold in the industry. Then, several types of devices were introduced, whose complex structures were invented in the 14th century.
The earliest European spinning wheel together with Bobbins and warping machines boosted the production of silk. It is believed that the toothed warper was allowing a more uniform and a longer warp was first introduced by the silk industry.
The Black Death incidence in end of 14th century shifted the trend towards more economical techniques. In the silk industry, water-driven mills increased in the spread and the loom set up by Jean le Calabrais was universally used by the 15th century.
Silk production also flourished in England in 1680s due to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes that forced several skilled French weavers and experts to migrate to England to flee religious persecution. Likewise, silk spread to numerous nations including Mexico in 1522.
The Improvement in Silk Technology during Industrial Revolution
During the 17th and 18th centuries, further growth started for simplifying and standardising silk manufacture, most notably in the Lyon, France. In 1725 Basile Bouchon was believed to have created the first semi-automated weaving loom. In 1728, this loom was later refined by his assistant Jean Baptiste Falcon. In 1745 these designs were again improved upon to create the first fully automated weaving loom by Jacques de Vaucanson before being again enhanced by Joseph-Marie Jacquard and introduced the radical Jacquard weaving loom that processed a series of punched cards in the precise sequence.
Basile Bouchon's Semi-automated Loom 1725, on display at CNAM, Paris, France
These cards were a direct antecedent to the modern computer. Since 1801, embroidery was precisely mechanised because of the highly efficient Jacquard loom that also paved the way for mass production of intricate designs.
However, in the 19th century, the rise in the price of cocoons along with the fall in importance of silk in bourgeoisie garments resulted in the decline of the European silk industry. However, the launch of the Suez Canal and the shortage of silk in France brought down the cost of importing Asian silk, mainly from Japan and China.
Urbanisation in Europe forced several Italian and French skilled men to leave silk production for profitable factory jobs. Further, the outbreak of silkworm diseases made silk-rearing a reduced source of income.
After Industrial Revolution
After the fall of silk in Europe, sericulture's modernisation in Japan made it the leading producer. In the early 20th century, quick mechanisation made Japan the producer of 60% of the planet's raw silk. While Italy came up from the crisis, France was stuck.
However, during the Second World War, the scene soon changed! Silk supplies were stopped from Japan due to which the Western world had to come up with substitutes such as nylon and other synthetic fibres.
Even post-war, silk remained a luxury product. Japan restored itself to be the leading exporter of silk, via its improvements in reeling and inspection technology. This continued until the 1970s after which China gained back its prominent position, while Japan saw a decline due to the increasing importance of synthetic materials.
Today, India, Japan, USSR, Korea, Thailand, China, and Brazil are leading producers of silk.
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Evgeni Malkin Downplays Swinging Stick at Michael Raffl
By John Boruk	• Published February 12, 2019 • Updated on February 28, 2019 at 7:22 pm
Pittsburgh's Evgeni Malkin will have a mandatory meeting with the NHL's Department of Player Safety in which he should face a suspension following his violent stick swing directed toward Michael Raffl.
It will be interesting to hear how Malkin attempts to downplay his actions after reading his postgame comments.
"I didn't hit him in the face," Malkin said Monday. "If I had touched him in the face, for sure, I would get suspended. It's a high stick, but it's not like I broke his face. I think I won't get suspended."
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It appears from the image that Malkin indeed missed Raffl with his stick, but the Pens' star center completely downplayed the intention of his actions.
"I'm not trying to hit his face. I know it's dirty, but I missed, my stick [did] not touch his helmet or shoulder," Malkin said. "He just like dived and the referee gave me five minutes. Nothing like dangerous, [he's] not bleeding, nothing. I know I gave them a five-minute power play, but it's my fault for sure. Play smart next time."
Whether Raffl embellished or not (and don't get me started with the Penguins when it comes to embellishing penalties), Malkin swung his stick without looking that could have struck Raffl or another Flyers player in the face, resulting in a possible career-ending injury.
"I was a little surprised it was a match [penalty] because the player didn't get hurt on it or there wasn't real significant contact," Penguins coach Mike Sullivan said. "But that's not how the referee saw it."
Raffl initially engaged by throwing a punch to the back of Malkin's head, but the attempt at retaliation was much more severe and the league should punish Malkin, who admitted he engaged in a dirty play and has gained that reputation throughout his career.
Malkin was assessed a match penalty back in November for an elbow to the head of Washington's T.J. Oshie, but somehow managed to avoid suspension.
Malkin gets a major for this hit on Oshie, who went to the room pic.twitter.com/vUsRGLBbOL— CJ Fogler (@cjzero) November 8, 2018
It's time for the league to send a clear and direct message to Malkin and the Penguins.
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The idea for opening a bar and calling it Hogs & Heifers was conceived in, of all places, a bar. Allan Dell was a self-proclaimed functioning alcoholic and figured he spent enough time sitting at a bar and that he might as well make some money while he sat there. Allan's two friends and drinking buddies were a Master Carpenter and a Graphic Design Artist and he talked them into helping him build a bar. They would all drink for free and get laid regularly and for three broke guys in their early to mid twenties, who could ask for anything more. Allan's father agreed to finance his project if he could find an experienced bar owner to "father" him in the business. Enter Tom McNeil, legend in the Dive Bar business. McNeil owned the Village Idiot in Manhattan's East Side, which was the Boys' favorite watering hole, where they could sit for hours drinking ice cold Pabst Blue Ribbon for a $1.75 a can. Allan knew that he wanted to open a bar that had to do with motorcycles and women and the original logo did, in fact, include an illustration of a chopper. The Boys were trying to come up with a name, while sitting in the Village Idiot one afternoon…"Hogs & something". On the wall above the bar was a sign for a Heifer Auction, and a heifer being a cow that has not yet been bred, is essentially a virgin cow. The name Hogs & Heifers was born. The fact that the bar ended up being in a real meat market was simply due to the affordable rent at the time, but it was a perfect match and had a great deal to do with the success of the business.
Hogs & Heifers Saloon was to be an all American classic country and southern rock-n-roll dive bar. Allan knew he wanted it to have the look and feel of a gin mill and that he wanted to hang "stuff" all over the walls. Other than that, there was little else that he had thought about. He had a lot of friends who liked to drink and planned on throwing a party for them every night. Allan may never have imagined that it would turn into the famous bar it is today, but it was absolutely his pride and joy and he considered it his greatest achievement and reveled in its quick success.
Having entered the picture prior to its opening, Michelle Dell was the first bartender to be hired. The routine performed and style of dress worn by the bartenders behind the bar, which has made Hogs & Heifers famous, was born from Michelle's heart. Hogs & Heifers opened in November of 1992 during an unseasonably cold winter. There was literally no heat source of any kind in the bar and it was so cold you could often see your own breath. Both Allan and Michelle believed in the notion of less is more when it came to dressing behind the bar and it was always freezing; did we mention the bar had no heat? Finally, Allan bought these little space heaters that did next to nothing to provide heat and with Necessity being the Mother of all Invention, Michelle began dancing on the bar–in the empty bar–as a means to keep warm. She would throw a few dollars in the jukebox and just get up on the bar and dance. Little did she know it would become the trademark theme of Hogs & Heifers and lead to countless celebrities dancing on the bar and donating their bras. The Julia Roberts photo was seen around the world and her bra still hangs there today, albeit hidden beneath some 18,000 bras! Michelle's famous routine has inspired a Major Motion Picture and a league of copy cat Bars.
Essentially, Allan and Michelle, and their friends, were just a bunch of kids with nothing to lose and they threw a party that they enjoyed. They were fortunate and blessed that so many others would love to come to their party and would do so repeatedly. The two were married in Reno, Nevada, on November 16th, 1993. Allan Dell passed away on June 7, 1997. Hogs & Heifers continues to be run by Michelle Dell who was the sole proprietor of the New York City location. She now lives in Las Vegas, close to her favorite saloon!
Click here for a virtual tour of our original New York City Location!
Are you the type of person who could care less about that virtual world shit? You're in luck, there are some good old-fashioned film photos below…


text:
Q: Math Functions graph in c I'm new here, I searched for any related post like my question and I found nothing
I have a project to create a math function graph in a console like f(x)=ax^2+bx+c the user give me a b c and I draw the function.
Someone told me that there are a library called graphic.h that help me with that
so if someone can help me, I'm not finding anything about graphic.h and my project
And if there are another library or anything that could help
Thanks

A: Sorry for incomplete answer but you have incomplete question so it is impossible to answer ...
What environment you have to use ? You wrote console but what compiler and OS ? because graphics is very different for each

*

*DOS
many schools still use DOS console apps  which is not the same as win or linux console. In DOS there is graphics.h which switch to gfx video mode and then you can use CGA/EGA/VGA and sometimes VESA graphics. Haven't done anything in it since Turbo Pascal 7.0 few decades ago.
for DOS I am using direct VGA/VESA access instead (works on win32 too) but anyway look here and here for info about graphics.h with examples.
graphics.h stands for BGI (Borland Graphics Interface) but you need CGA/EGA/VGA or VESA for proper functionality. Most gfx cards emulate them so that should be no problem just do not expect any arbitrary pixel or color resolution. It can handle 640x480x16 or 320x200x256 and the rest depends on your HW. This lib is native only to ancient Borland/Embarcadero compilers so you will find it somewhere in include path so use < > not " " !!! (you do not need to copy it to your project).
#include <graphics.h>

*Windows
You have to create graphics window by WinApi or by IDE of your programing language and then you can use GDI which is part of WinAPI and most compilers have libs for it natively.

*linux or different GUI OS
I do not code for such so I do not know exactly but should be similar to Windows

*OpenGL (any GUI OS and also sometimes DOS with proper drivers)
if you use OpenGL then you can find tons of examples how to create gfx window + OpenGL and also OpenGL GLUT (OpenGL  utilities) have functions that take care of windows stuff. You just code code for events like keystroke, mouse move, redraw ...
google NeHe OpenGL tutorials ... not my favorite but beginners like it
Look here for some more info
Now for the function plot

*

*clear gfx screen

*create for loop from xmin to xmax

*compute y value for each x
do not forget to scale and offset x,y values to fit your gfx area !!!

*draw line from previous to actual point
with different color than clear ...


(April 27, 2015) — Kigo, a leading provider of vacation rental booking and channel management solutions, introduces the release of a powerful new revenue management system that removes the need for manual analysis of rates, market research and the time-consuming process of changing rates, to help owners and managers reach higher occupancy and revenue per unit (RPU) with each booking.
Kigo Revenue Management is a sophisticated tool based off proven principles used by hotel and airline industries, but tailored specifically for vacation rentals. This user-friendly solution takes the guesswork out of setting the optimum rates for properties, by automatically adapting to real-time rental rates based on seasonality and market demand. This enables the highest possible price for properties to be achieved and, in some cases, has resulted in growth of more than 20 percent for nights booked and RPU.
Kigo Revenue Management is currently available to vacation rental managers in the U.S. and will soon be available globally. For more information on Kigo Revenue Management, watch the video or visit the Kigo booth at the VRMA Eastern Conference held April 27-28 in Norfolk, Va.
Kigo offers online booking and channel management for vacation rentals. Vacation rental listings using Kigo can be automatically syndicated to hundreds of marketing channels and when a consumer clicks on a listing they can book it online, view more information through a marketing website, check pricing & availability with prices adjusted in near real time by our revenue management system, pay online, lease online with eSignature and purchase trip insurance. Currently, Kigo is used by more than 1,300 property management companies worldwide. For more information on Kigo, visit: www.kigo.net. Kigo is a wholly-owned subsidiary of RealPage, Inc.


text:
Three charged with modern slavery offences after GLAA operation
Three people have been charged with modern slavery offences in South Wales by the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority (GLAA).
GLAA officers were supported by Gwent Police in making the arrests at two addresses in Newport on Wednesday 4 September.
The suspects have been charged with offences under Section 1 (forced labour) of the Modern Slavery Act 2015:
Normunds Freiberg, 37, of Morley Close, Newport
Jacobus Stankevicius, 56, of Capel Close, Newport
Ruta Stankeviciene, 54, also of Capel Close, Newport
Freiberg has also been charged with offences under Section 2 (human trafficking) of the Modern Slavery Act, as well as acting as an unlicensed gangmaster and common assault.
All three have been bailed to appear before Newport Magistrates' Court on Friday 4 October.


text:
Q: How to prevent non members from directly accessing private content with PHP I am aware of the .htaccess Apache method of protecting folders from non members but am wondering how it can be done with PHP only.
Checking for session variables can protect php pages but direct access to photos and or pdfs seem to sometimes be overlooked. For example if I copy a direct link to a photo from facebook, logout, then direct my browser to the url of the photo it shows no problem.
How to sites like Rapidshare protect against direct access to their content?
I know there's a way to set variables in Apache. Maybe there's a way to check for session variables with Apache?

A: From the questions and comments, it seems that you are after URLs that look like direct access, but pass through a PHP script to allow for authorization to download them.  I don't know your current directory structure, so I'm going to make one up for this answer's test case - albeit a small listing:
public-html/
    content/        <- where the actual files are
        .htaccess   <- to deny access to the directory
    .htaccess       <- the one created here
    download.php    <- download script

From this, we are going to assume all the files are located in /content and the "direct link" will look like it is going to /file
The /content/.htaccess:
deny from all

The next one with the note that the first RewriteRule is so that normal files that already exist won't be overwritten, and the previous .htaccess prevent files in that directory from being accessed.  If you have an .htaccess that you are using already, the important rule is the last one, and it stops processing if it matches, so place it accordingly in your existing .htaccess.
/.htaccess:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR]
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR]
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
    RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L]

    RewriteRule ^file/(.+)$ download.php?file=$1 [L]
</IfModule>

With that in place, it will look like direct access to a file if going to /file/myDocument.pdf, and it will be sent to the script like download.php?file=myDocument.pdf.
From there, it is a matter of creating the download script to use.  The one I am posting is a modified version of one from Armand Niculescu found here.  I am only posting the relevant parts here (the entirety can be found on PasteBin where you can modify the parts posted here to fit your needs):
/******************************
 * PERFORM AUTHORIZATION HERE *
 *   The following is added   *
 ******************************/
if($_SESSION['validated'] !== true) {
    //Not authorized to download, send header and exit
    header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
    exit;
}

I have also made another minor edit for the correct file path 8 lines down:
$file_path  = './content/' . $file_name;

And that concludes this small example of how to get a working download script and making it look like direct file access.

A: From your question I get that you already know how to protect folders from direct access and also how to protect php scripts. So what you need is a protected php script providing indirect access to the files (as was already mentioned in the comments).
When creating this download script you should remember some important details:

*

*provide the mime type. In many cases header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream") is sufficient, though

*tell the client to download the file (instead of displaying it) and provide a filename: header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . basename($path) . '"')

*provide the file size: header("Content-Length: " . filesize($path));

*to avoid problems with large files you should use something like the following instead of readfile:
$file = fopen($path, 'r');
flush();
  while (!feof($file)) {
  print(fread($file, 4096));
  flush();
}
fclose($file);


text:
2 boys saved when caught in falls in French apartment fire
By Arno Pedram
French children dropped from burning apartment building
Two young brothers were saved from an apartment fire in the southeastern French city of Grenoble when they dropped about 10 meters (33 feet) from a window and were caught by people below. (Credit: Souhaila Saidi via Storyful)
PARIS (AP) - Two young brothers were saved from an apartment fire in the southeastern French city of Grenoble when they dropped about 10 meters (33 feet) from a window and were caught by people below.
The two, aged 10 and 3, were unharmed by the fall Tuesday but might have suffered from smoke inhalation, French media reported.
Video of the dramatic rescue showed the younger brother being dropped from at least three stories up as black smoke billowed from the window and flames engulfed an adjacent balcony. As onlookers screamed, the older brother then hung from the window and let himself fall into the arms of those below.
The boys were hospitalized along with 17 residents of the building, the media reports said. Four of the people who caught the boys also were taken to the hospital to check if any bones were fractured when they caught the boys.
Athoumani Walid, a 25-year-old student who suffered a broken wrist from helping catch the children, said he heard screams and went out to investigate after seeing the fire from his nearby apartment and rushed to help along with four or five other people.
RELATED: France: Macron rewards real life 'Spiderman' who saved dangling child
"We didn't know what to do," Walid told The Associated Press on Wednesday. "We wanted to break the door but it wasn't possible."
They then went outside and shouted for the boys to jump into their arms.
Although he initially feared for the boys, "when they jumped, fear disappeared," Walid said. "What mattered was to catch" them, he added.
Walid said he hopes the rescue will change perceptions of the Villeneuve neighborhood, which has a large immigrant population.
"We are told it's a 'sensitive' neighborhood," Walid said, "but yesterday we showed we are here for each other, and we save each other."
Mayor Eric Piolle congratulated residents on the rescue, which he said underscored the city's "tradition of solidarity and mutual help."
In May 2018, a young Malian migrant rescued a child dangling from a balcony and was offered French citizenship. Video of the rescue showed 22-year-old Mamoudou Gassama climbing up four floors of the apartment building in just seconds to rescue the child, to cheers from onlookers. By the time Parisian emergency services arrived, he had already pulled the child to safety.


text:
Name: lorenfamily -- Newell, Eisendrath, Rosenberg, Witmondt, Waag, Stanley, Guyon, Moatti, Bitoun, Le Baut
Updated: 04-10-2019 18:04:28. Owner: J. K. Loren
Jonathan (Rabbi) Eibenschütz (Natan /Eibenschütz/, Asher Zelig (Rabbi) /Eibenschütz/) was born 1690, and died 18 SEP 1764. He married Elkele bat Mose Isaak Spira on BEF 1736, daughter of Mose Isaak (Chief Rabbi) b. Aharon J. M. /Spira/ and Mati bat Mordechai /Ha-Cohen/. She was born ABT 1700 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 1764 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.
Children of Jonathan (Rabbi) /Eibenschütz/ and Elkele bat Mose Isaak /Spira/ are:
[?] bat Jonatan Eibenschütz was born ABT 1715 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Shewa Eibenschütz was born ABT 1719 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Search for Jonathan (Rabbi) Eibenschütz in Fold3 Records
Search for Jonathan (Rabbi) Eibenschütz in Newspapers
[?] bat Jonatan Eibenschütz was born ABT 1715 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). She married Simon Brandeis, son of Moses (Rabbi) /Brandeis/ and Blumle bat Gabriel /Levi/. He was born BET 1712 AND 1713 in Schnaittach, Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), Bayern (Bavaria), Deutschland (Germany), and died 1733 in Mladá Boleslav (Jungbunzlau), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Shewa Eibenschütz was born ABT 1719 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). She married Mordechai Bondi on 23 DEC 1734 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), son of Bella /Lichtenstadt/ and Isaac ben Solomon Zalman /Bondi/. He was born 1716 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 11 MAY 1777 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Children of Shewa /Eibenschütz/ and Mordechai /Bondi/ are:
Herz Bondi was born ABT 1735 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 05 NOV 1794 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Jontoff (Josef) Bondi was born ABT 1737 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Herz Bondi was born ABT 1735 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 05 NOV 1794 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). He married Eva Bunzel, daughter of Jonas /Bunzel/. She was born ABT 1740 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Children of Herz /Bondi/ and Eva /Bunzel/ are:
Emanuel Herz Mendel Bondi was born 1762 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 1827.
Jonathan Bondi was born 1769 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 03 JUN 1801 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Emanuel Herz Mendel Bondi was born 1762 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 1827. He married Judith (Gitel) Lämel, daughter of Lämel /Tuschkau/. She was born ABT 1764 in Mesto Tou?kov (Tuschkau near Pilsen), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died BET 1803 AND 1805.
Children of Emanuel Herz Mendel /Bondi/ and Judith (Gitel) /Lämel/ are:
Herz Emanuel Naphtali Bondi was born 25 DEC 1788 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died in Wien (Vienna), Österreich (Austria).
Jonathan Bondi was born 1769 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 03 JUN 1801 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). He married Rebeka Jeiteles on 29 AUG 1787 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), daughter of Jonas /Jeiteles/ and Levia /Austerlitz/. She was born 1769 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Children of Jonathan /Bondi/ and Rebeka /Jeiteles/ are:
Herz (Herzmann) Bondi was born 14 JUN 1795 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died BEF 1882.
Esther (Eva) Bondi was born 28 AUG 1796 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Herz Emanuel Naphtali Bondi was born 25 DEC 1788 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died in Wien (Vienna), Österreich (Austria). He married Martha Lippman Wehle on 1824. She was born ABT 1799, and died 1824 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). He married Martha (Marie) Frankel on 12 JAN 1832 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), daughter of Abigail /Kuh/ and Wolf Adam /Frankel/. She was born 25 DEC 1806 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Children of Herz Emanuel Naphtali /Bondi/ and Martha (Marie) /Frankel/ are:
August Bondi was born 21 JUL 1833 in Wien (Vienna), Österreich (Austria), and died 30 SEP 1907 in St. Louis, Missouri.
Herz (Herzmann) Bondi was born 14 JUN 1795 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died BEF 1882. He married Sara Lotti Abeles on 11 SEP 1844 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic), daughter of Samson /Abeles/ and Rachel /Heller/. She was born BET 1811 AND 1812 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 19 JUL 1900 in Wien (Vienna), Österreich (Austria).
Esther (Eva) Bondi was born 28 AUG 1796 in Praha (Prague), Bohemia (Czech Republic). She married Moises (Moritz) Abeles on 03 NOV 1819 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), son of Alexander /Abeles/ and Veronica /Stein/. He was born ABT 1799 in Letov, Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Children of Esther (Eva) /Bondi/ and Moises (Moritz) /Abeles/ are:
Rebeka Abeles was born 1820 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 09 NOV 1822 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Meir Abeles was born MAR 1822 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 22 SEP 1822 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Johann Abeles was born 16 MAY 1825 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 08 SEP 1826 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Sigismund Abeles was born 22 MAY 1828 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Frederika Abeles was born 29 JUL 1830 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 27 DEC 1832 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Regina Abeles was born 31 AUG 1832 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Rudolf Abeles was born 20 NOV 1834 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and died 26 DEC 1836 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
Alexander Abeles was born 13 MAY 1837 in Ceradice (Tscheraditz), Bohemia (Czech Republic).
August Bondi was born 21 JUL 1833 in Wien (Vienna), Österreich (Austria), and died 30 SEP 1907 in St. Louis, Missouri. He married Henriette Einstein on 28 JUN 1860 in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, daughter of Israel /Einstein/ and Sophia /Kettner/. She was born 15 OCT 1833 in Bayern (Bavaria, Germany), and died 24 AUG 1900.


text:
package common

import "time"

const (
	WarmupEventType   = "warmup.perf-test"
	MeasureEventType  = "measure.perf-test"
	GCEventType       = "gc.perf-test"
	EndEventType      = "end.perf-test"
	CEReceiverPort    = "8080"
	WaitForFlush      = 5 * time.Second
	WaitForReceiverGC = 3 * time.Second
	WaitAfterWarmup   = 5 * time.Second
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Posture problems are rampant, especially among those of us who work hunched over our keyboards all day. If you're not sure if your posture needs fixing or are sure and want some help, this guide from Men's Health is for you.
The first step is to analyze your alignment by having a friend take a full-body photo of you (with your shorts on) from the front and from the side. Then compare against the 7 points in the illustration.
Fix it: Do this neck "crunch" every day: Lying faceup on the floor, lift your head so it just clears the floor. Raise your head, and hold for 5 seconds; do 2 or 3 sets of 12 reps daily.
After doing the daily exercises needed to repair years of slumping, hopefully you'll realize the benefits of good posture, including more energy, better circulation, and less pain.
Article from Lifehacker, reproduced under a Creative Commons license.


text:
School of Science, Engineering & Environment 21.01.22
Artist Residency at University's research lab
The University of Salford Art Collection, in collaboration with Open Eye Gallery, is looking for a photographer for a new commission based at leading research facility Energy House.
The pilot project will see an artist or photographer join the team at the facility that has the world's first full sized two-bedroom terraced house built inside an environmentally controlled chamber.
Energy House is the University's cutting-edge facility that explores future issues facing the housing market in the area of energy efficiency. The successful artist will be asked to create work that explores positive solutions to combat the climate crisis and what we can do in our homes to make a difference.
The work will contribute to the LOOK Photo Biennial 2022, an exhibition of work that is delivered every two years by Open Eye Gallery, with the theme for this particular year being Climate Change. It will also be acquired into the University's permanent art collection.
Stephanie Fletcher, Assistant Curator for the University of Salford Art Collection said: "This is an incredibly exciting opportunity for an artist to creatively explore an issue that is high not only on the political agenda but important to many individuals. The climate crisis is such a complex issue and can be quite overwhelming, especially in mainstream media. We hope this commission will generate alternative narratives on the topic and bring focus on the positive solutions that are being pioneered right here in Salford.
"Energy House is a visually rich environment and will give the chosen artist a unique opportunity to collaborate with experts as they create their work."
The deadline for expressions of interest is 20 November 2020, and the artist in residency is planned to take place between December 2020 and Spring 2021.
Data Science Student secures role at Channel 4
Student overcomes health challenges and bags a First
University announced as a consortium partner for the next generation electric aircraft


This weeks Christmas job ad winner was found on MyCareer and also displayed in The Sydney Morning Herald. "Calling Blitzen, Dancer and Rudolph" Santa must have been in a rush because he forgot to check his diary.
Santa says "Want a new job by Chrissy?"
Corporate Travel Consultant - SANTA'S OFFLOADING PRESENTS ALREADY!
CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATOR – Unravel an early Christmas Present!!!
Sales Agents – Ho Ho Ho Santa Has A Great Career Present For You!
GO GO GADGET! ASSISTANT MANAGER - GIVE YOUR CAREER A GIFT THIS XMAS!!
Are you looking for an exciting new position? Well I've got the xmas gift for you to unwrap early!


This page is to tell us about our self. So let us tell us about it.
This site is about technology, tips and internet. Discussing verious topics of internet and technology is our speciality and we give through knowledge on it. and we hope all of this will be helpful for readers.


text:
package org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.restapi.publisher;

import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.OperationPolicyData;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.OperationPolicyDefinition;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.OperationPolicySpecification;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.utils.APIUtil;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class OperationPoliciesApiServiceImplUtils {

    private OperationPoliciesApiServiceImplUtils() {
    }

    /**
     * @param policySpecification Operation policy spec
     * @param organization        Validated organization
     * @return OperationPolicyData object
     */
    public static OperationPolicyData prepareOperationPolicyData(OperationPolicySpecification policySpecification,
                                                                 String organization) {
        OperationPolicyData operationPolicyData = new OperationPolicyData();
        operationPolicyData.setOrganization(organization);
        operationPolicyData.setSpecification(policySpecification);

        return operationPolicyData;
    }

    /**
     * @param policySpecification Operation policy spec
     * @param organization        Validated organization
     * @param apiId               API UUID
     * @return OperationPolicyData object
     */
    public static OperationPolicyData prepareOperationPolicyData(OperationPolicySpecification policySpecification,
                                                                 String organization, String apiId) {
        OperationPolicyData operationPolicyData = new OperationPolicyData();
        operationPolicyData.setOrganization(organization);
        operationPolicyData.setApiUUID(apiId);
        operationPolicyData.setSpecification(policySpecification);

        return operationPolicyData;
    }

    /**
     * @param policyData       Operation policy data
     * @param policyDefinition Operation policy definition object
     * @param definition       Policy definition
     * @param gatewayType      Policy gateway type
     */
    public static void preparePolicyDefinition(
            OperationPolicyData policyData, OperationPolicyDefinition policyDefinition,
            String definition, OperationPolicyDefinition.GatewayType gatewayType) {
        policyDefinition.setContent(definition);
        policyDefinition.setGatewayType(gatewayType);
        policyDefinition.setMd5Hash(APIUtil.getMd5OfOperationPolicyDefinition(policyDefinition));

        if (OperationPolicyDefinition.GatewayType.Synapse.equals(gatewayType)) {
            policyData.setSynapsePolicyDefinition(policyDefinition);
        } else if (OperationPolicyDefinition.GatewayType.ChoreoConnect.equals(gatewayType)) {
            policyData.setCcPolicyDefinition(policyDefinition);
        }

        policyData.setMd5Hash(APIUtil.getMd5OfOperationPolicy(policyData));
    }

    /**
     * @param query Request query
     * @return Map of query params
     */
    public static Map<String, String> getQueryParams(String query) {
        Map<String, String> queryParamMap = new HashMap<>();
        String[] queryParams = query.split(" ");
        for (String param : queryParams) {
            String[] keyVal = param.split(":");
            if (keyVal.length == 2) {
                queryParamMap.put(keyVal[0], keyVal[1]);
            }
        }

        return queryParamMap;
    }

}