text:
[ G.R. No. 88126, July 12, 1996 ]
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT
[PCGG]), PETITIONER, VS. THE HONORABLE SANDIGANBAYAN (FIRST DIVISION), ALFREDO (BEJO) T. ROMUALDEZ AND DIO ISLAND RESORT, INC., RESPONDENTS.
PANGANIBAN, J.:
The main issue raised in this case is: Is a sequestration order prepared, issued and signed by the head of a task force of the PCGG, and not by any two of the Commissioner, valid and legal?
Questioned in this petition for Certiorari, Prohibition and Mandamus are the following Resolutions of the respondent Sandiganbayan:
(i) Resolution promulgated on November 22, 1988[1] in Civil Case No. 0010 (PCGG Case No. 11) invalidating a sequestration order issued by the head of a PCGG Task Force in Region VIII and ordering the PCGG to return to herein respondent Dio Island Resort, Inc. the latter's property taken by the PCGG agents; and
(ii) Resolution promulgated on April 3, 1989[2] denying petitioner PCGG's motion for reconsideration.
On April 14, 1986, a sequestration order[3] was issued by Atty. Jose Tan Ramirez, a PCGG representative and head of its task force in Region VIII against Dio Island Resort, Inc. and all its assets and properties. The said order was served upon representatives of respondent corporation on April 15, 1986.
On July 22, 1987, petitioner filed with respondent Court a complaint docketed as Civil Case No. 0010 against Alfredo T. Romualdez, Ferdinand E. Marcos, Imelda R. Marcos and forty six (46) other defendants, for reversion, reconveyance, restitution, accounting and damages, seeking to recover alleged "ill-gotten wealth" acquired and accumulated by said defendants. Although respondent corporation was mentioned and listed in Annex "A" of the aforesaid complaint as among those corporations where defendant Alfredo T. Romualdez purportedly owned shares of stock, it was not impleaded as a party thereto.
In its Manifestation and Motion dated June 10, 1988 filed in the same case, respondent corporation asked respondent Court to stop the PCGG and its agents from further interfering with and exercising ownership over said resort, and to require the return of its properties and assets covered by said order. It further alleged that "up to the present time, there is no case filed against movant (herein respondent Dio Island Resort, Inc.) before the Sandiganbayan by reason of which, the alleged sequestration order is deemed automatically lifted pursuant to Article XVIII, Section 26 of the Constitution." In the course of the hearing of said motion, the validity of the sequestration order issued by PCGG's representative. Atty. Jose Tan Ramirez, was directly questioned.
Alerted by such challenge, the PCGG, at its Commission Meeting held on June 16, 1988, passed a resolution[4] "to confirm, ratify and adopt as its own all the Writs of Sequestration issued in the name x x x and under the authority of the Commission and signed by its duly authorized representatives in Region VIII, Messrs. Jose Ramirez and Ben Abella", including the sequestration order over Dio Island Resort, in order "to remove any doubt as to the validity and enforceability" of said writs.
On November 22, 1988, the respondent Court granted respondent corporation's manifestation and motion and issued the first of its assailed Resolutions, holding inter alia that the PCGG had not legally sequestered the assets of respondent corporation because they were seized pursuant to an order issued only by a "duly authorized representative" of the PCGG. Penned by Presiding Justice Francis E. Garchitorena, the said Resolution in its dispositive portion provided:
"WHEREFORE, the plaintiff, particularly the PCGG, is ordered to return to the movant Dio Island Resort, Inc., all of the property, assets, furniture, fixture and equipment which have been taken away from movant by virtue or as a result of the acts of the PCGG's authorized representative and to effect full compliance herewith within thirty (30) days from receipt hereof."
PCGG's Motion for Reconsideration of the abovementioned Resolution was denied by respondent Court in its April 3, 1989 Resolution, where it held that:
"1. DIO ISLAND RESORT, INC., was not sequestered on March 18, 1986 nor at anytime thereafter;
2. The confirmation, ratification and adoption by the PCGG of the "writs of sequestration" issued in its name by its duly authorized representatives Region VIII, Attys. Jose Ramirez and Ben Abella (Annex "1", Opposition to Manifestation and Motion) on June 16, 1988 cannot have the effect of curing the basic infirmities of those acts -- twenty-seven (27) months after the fact, sixteen (16) months after the ratification of the Constitution and eleven months after the suit thereon was filed. Messrs. Ramirez and Abella did not possess the authority to sequester so that there was nothing for the PCGG to confirm or to ratify, much less adopt, with any legal effect.
This Court has said in its original Resolution and it now says so once more: until the plaintiff through the PCGG establishes before the Sandiganbayan by at least prima facie evidence that attachment, receivership or any other provisional remedy is appropriate, no rights can be exercised by the PCGG over the Dio Island Resorts, Inc., its properties both movable and immovable.
WHEREFORE, plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration dated December 8, 1988 is DENIED for lack of merit."
Hence, this Petition.
Petitioner, in claiming that respondent Court committed grave abuse of discretion amounting to want or excess of jurisdiction, raised issues which can be succinctly summed up as follows:
1. Were Dio Island Resort, Inc. and its assets validly sequestered? and
2. Does the Sandiganbayan have jurisdiction over a motion questioning the validity of a "sequestration order" issued by a duly authorized representative of the PCGG?
The Court's Ruling
We affirm the impugned Resolutions in toto. The respondent Court acted strictly within the bounds of law and prevailing jurisprudence, and we find nothing in the assailed Resolutions that even remotely might suggest any abuse of discretion.
First Issue: Validity of Sequestration Order
The sequestration order subject of the case below was not issued in accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the PCGG promulgated on April 11, 1986. Sec. 3 of said Rules clearly outlines the requirements for the issuance of a sequestration order, thus:
"Sec. 3. Who may issue. A writ of sequestration or a freeze or hold order may be issued by the Commission upon the authority of at least two Commissioners, based on the affirmation or complaint of an interested party or motu proprio when the Commission has reasonable grounds to believe that the issuance thereof is warranted."
The aforequoted provision, couched in clear and simple language, leaves no room for interpretation. On the basis thereof, it is indubitable that under no circumstances can a sequestration or freeze order be validly issued by one not a Commissioner of the PCGG.
The invalidity of the sequestration order was made more apparent by the fact that Atty. Ramirez did not even have any specific authority to act on behalf of the Commission at the time he issued the said sequestration order. Thus, the respondent Court noted:[5]
"Contrary to plaintiff's representation, nothing exists to support its contention that the Task Force had been given prior authority to place DIO under PCGG control. On the contrary, as the text of the above letters clearly show, Attys. Jose Tan Ramirez and Ben Abella, had acted on broad and non-specific powers: 'By authority of the commission and the powers vested in it. . . .'" (Italics ours)
Even assuming arguendo that Atty. Ramirez had been given prior authority by the PCGG to place Dio Island Resort under sequestration, nevertheless, the sequestration order he issued is still void since PCGG may not delegate its authority to sequester to its representatives and subordinates, and any such delegation is invalid and ineffective.
Under Executive Order Nos. 1 and 2, PCGG is the sole entity primarily charged with the responsibility of recovering ill-gotten wealth. Under Sec. 3 of the Rules it promulgated, the PCGG may issue a writ of sequestration upon the authority of at least two Commissioners "when the Commission has reasonable grounds to believe that the issuance thereof is warranted." The power to sequester, therefore, carries with it the corollary duty to make a preliminary determination of whether there is a reasonable basis for sequestering a property alleged to be ill-gotten. After a careful evaluation of the evidence adduced, the PCGG clearly has to use its own judgment in determining the existence of a prima facie case. In Republic vs. Sandiganbayan,[6] this Court underscored the indispensability of such prima facie finding by the Commission to support a sequestration.
"The issue on the existence of prima facie evidence in support of the issuance of a sequestration order has likewise been laid to rest in the BASECO case, in this wise:
'8. Requisites for Validity
What is indispensable is that, again as in the case of attachment and receivership, there exist a prima facie factual foundation, at least, for the sequestration, freeze or takeover order, and adequate and fair opportunity to contest it and endeavor to cause its negation or nullification.
Both are assured under the executive orders in question and the rules and regulations promulgated by the PCGG.
a. Prima Facie Evidence as Basis for Orders
Executive Order No. 14 enjoins that there be 'due regard to the requirements of fairness and due process.' Executive Order No. 2 declares that with respect to claims on allegedly 'ill-gotten' assets and properties, 'it is the position of the new democratic government that President Marcos x x (and other parties affected) be afforded fair opportunity to contest these claims before appropriate Philippine authorities.' Section 7 of the Commission's Rules and Regulations provides that sequestration or freeze (and takeover) orders issue upon the authority of at least two commissioners, based on the affirmation or complaint of an interested party, or motu propio when the Commission has reasonable grounds to believe that the issuance thereof is warranted. A similar requirement is now found in Section 26, Art. XVIII of the 1987 Constitution, which requires that 'a sequestration or freeze order shall be issued only upon showing of a prima facie case.' (Emphasis in the original text.)"
And as correctly held by respondent Court:[7]
"The enabling Executive Orders of the Commission had granted it the power and imposed upon it the duty to make a preliminary determination and the identification of what these "ill-gotten" and "crony owned" properties. This power was not granted to, and this duty was not imposed upon, the Commission's subordinates or extensions. While subordinate entities, such as a committee or a task force may have been authorized to investigate for, and to report to, the PCGG and may have even actually seized properties which may have been apparent to the task force as having been ill-gotten, the preliminary determination of the character of the property to be 'ill-gotten' remained (with) (and never left) the Commission."
This Court had also ruled in PCGG vs. Peña[8] that the Commission, in the discharge of its vital task "to recover the tremendous wealth plundered from the people by the past regime x x x", was vested with ample powers and authority to sequester or place properties and records under its control, to provisionally take over business enterprises and properties constituting ill-gotten wealth, and to enjoin or restrain the commission of acts by any person that may thwart the efforts of the Commission to carry out its mission. And in order to ascertain facts germane to its objectives, the Commission was likewise granted power to conduct investigations, require submission of evidence by subpoena, administer oaths, punish for contempt, and promulgate rules and regulations. The foregoing powers, functions and duties of the Commission amount to the exercise of quasi-judicial functions, Peña declared. The exercise of such functions cannot be delegated by the Commission to its representatives or subordinates or task forces because, as explained in Villegas vs. Auditor General:[9]
"x x x As well established is the principle that judicial or quasi-judicial powers may not be delegated. In the absence of constitutional or statutory authority, an administrative officer may not alienate or surrender his discretionary power or powers which require exercise of judgment or deputize another for him with respect thereto. For, when a public official is granted discretionary power, it is to be presumed that so much is reposed on his integrity, ability, acumen, judgment. Because he is to look into the facts, weigh them, act upon them, decide on them -- acts that should be entrusted to no other. x x." (Emphasis supplied)
In the instant case, there was clearly no prior determination made by the PCGG of a prima facie basis for the sequestration of Dio Island Resort, Inc. Respondent Court found as follows:
"While some agent or agents ("authorized representatives") of the PCGG may have seized the properties in question, they did not do so upon specific determination by the Commission (but, at best, upon the determination of the authorized agents themselves) that the properties sequestered were "ill-gotten". The issue in sequestrations and freeze orders, it must be noted, is not primarily whether a particular property or asset is actually "ill-gotten" wealth but whether the Commission has made an informed determination of that fact. The reason for this is simple: the PCGG is the only entity authorized by law in the first instance to seize properties purporting to be ill-gotten as described in the pertinent Executive Orders."[10]
"Nothing has been presented which would indicate that before or after the above quoted letter of "sequestration" a prima facie finding had been made by the PCGG that DIO was an ill-gotten asset. Or even, though improperly, that the Task Force was given the authority to appreciate evidence in order to exercise quasi-judicial functions of prima facie determination of ill-gotten wealth."[11]
The absence of a prior determination by the PCGG of a prima facie basis for the sequestration order is, unavoidably, a fatal defect which rendered the sequestration of respondent corporation and its properties void ab initio. Being void ab initio, it is deemed non-existent, as though it had never been issued, and therefore is not subject to ratification by the PCGG. The PCGG does not have the magic power to cloak with validity a patently void act done without proper authority. As pointed out by respondent corporation, the "ratification" by the PCGG at its commission meeting held June 16, 1988, or more than two years after the issuance of the sequestration order, was therefore nothing but an exercise in futility.
The PCGG had propounded an interesting theory -- that the resolution adopted by the PCGG at its June 16, 1988 commission meeting be considered as another writ of sequestration, issued afresh by the Commissioners themselves.
We reject the proposition. First of all, the said Resolution by its very terms referred to, adopted and ratified the sequestration order of Atty. Ramirez dated April 14, 1986; there is no way it can be deemed a brand-new sequestration writ by itself. But even granting that it is indeed a new writ, the same would have to be considered ineffectual, because of the pendency of a judicial action involving the subject matter of sequestration. As mentioned hereinabove, the PCGG had filed before respondent Sandiganbayan Civil Case No. 0010 against Alfredo Romualdez, the Marcoses and others, for reversion, reconveyance, recovery of alleged "ill-gotten wealth" and so forth; marked as Annex "A" and attached to the complaint in said case was a list of corporations where Alfredo Romualdez allegedly owned stock, in which list the name of respondent corporation was included. In brief, the matter of the legality and propriety of the sequestration of respondent corporation became but an incident in said Civil Case No. 0010 and thus subject exclusively to judicial adjudication by the respondent Court. We thus uphold the ruling of respondent Court on this issue:
"x x x (c) While Freeze Orders and writs of sequestration may continue to be issued within eighteen (18) months from February 2, 1987, this could obviously refer only to matters which have not yet been subject of litigation initiated by the Republic (i.e., the PCGG); because
(d) Once suit has been initiated on a particular subject, the entire issue of the alleged ill-gotten wealth -- the acts or omissions of a particular defendant or set of defendants -- will have become subject exclusively to judicial adjudication. The issue of ill-gotten properties under the causes of action alleged in the Complaints will have been removed from the quasi-judicial level of the PCGG and elevated to the judicial level of the SANDIGANBAYAN, the Court which today maintains exclusive original jurisdiction on these matters;
(e) Writs may thereafter [i.e., after the lapse of eighteen months from February 2, 1987] still issue, of course, and writs already issued may thereafter be certainly quashed, dissolved, set aside or modified; but this time, only by the Courts, whether the Sandiganbayan or the Supreme Court. The power over these assets has become exclusively judicial."[12]
The foregoing holding has its roots in the very nature of sequestration orders and writs. BASECO[13] stated it in no uncertain terms:
"f. Kinship to Attachment, Receivership
"As thus described, sequestration, freezing and provisional takeover are akin to the provisional remedy of preliminary attachment, or receivership. x x x All these remedies -- sequestration, freezing, provisional takeover, attachment and receivership -- are provisional, temporary, designed for particular exigencies, attended by no character of permanency or finality, and always subject to the control of the issuing court or agency."
And this was amplified in Republic vs. Sandiganbayan,[14] thus:
"x x x [T]he PCGG's power to sequester alleged ill-gotten properties is likened to the provisional remedies of preliminary attachment or receivership which are always subject to the control of the court. That this power of the PCGG is provisional in nature has been emphasized in the Baseco case. We rule that the extent of such power should be related to the role of the Sandiganbayan in sequestration cases. x x x
xxx xxx xxx
The Sandiganbayan is tasked to determine the nature of properties sequestered by the PCGG -- whether or not they are ill-gotten and the actual owners of such sequestered properties. The court acts as the arbiter between PCGG which maintains that the sequestered properties are ill-gotten wealth and should be recovered in favor of the government and the claimants to such sequestered properties who maintain that such properties are not part of the ill-gotten wealth of the late President Marcos, his family, cronies and business associates. Necessarily, these properties should come within the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan which, therefore, has ample power to control the proceedings including the issuance of orders, and ancillary writs of attachment in order to effectuate its judgment or decree. x x x"
Second Issue: Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
Petitioner, citing Pena and invoking the doctrines of primary administrative jurisdiction and exhaustion of administrative remedies, contends that the Sandiganbayan cannot entertain respondent corporation's Manifestation and Motion challenging the propriety of its sequestration order, and determine whether the prima facie requirement had been complied with by the Commission, as such matter should properly be addressed to the PCGG itself.
We cannot possibly sustain such a puerile stand. Peña itself already dealt with the matter when it stated that under Section 2 of Executive Order No. 14, all cases of the Commission regarding alleged ill-gotten properties of former President Marcos and his relatives, subordinates, cronies, nominees and so forth, whether civil or criminal, are lodged within the exclusive and original jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan, "and all incidents arising from, incidental to, or related to such cases necessarily fall likewise under the Sandiganbayan's exclusive and original jurisdiction, subject to review on certiorari exclusively by the Supreme Court."
Any remaining doubts with respect to the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan ought to have been removed by the following pronouncement:
"We do not agree that the resolution issued by respondent court (Sandiganbayan) is tantamount to an encroachment of a purely administrative or executive function. While the PCGG is ordinarily allowed a free hand in the exercise of its administrative or executive function, respondent Sandiganbayan is empowered to determine in an appropriate case, if in the exercise of such functions, the PCGG has gravely abused its discretion or has overstepped the boundaries of the power conferred upon it by law. Any act or order transgressing the parameter of the objectives for which the PCGG was created, if tainted with abuse of discretion, is subject to a remedial action by the Sandiganbayan, the court vested with exclusive and original jurisdiction over cases involving the PCGG (PCGG v. Peña, 159 SCRA 556 [1988]; PCGG v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G. R. No. 82188, June 30, 1988) including cases filed by those who challenge PCGG's acts or orders (Holiday Inn [Phil.] v. Sandiganbayan, 186 SCRA 447 [1990]). Settled is the rule that when a law confers jurisdiction upon a court, it is deemed to have all the incidental powers necessary to render the exercise of such jurisdiction effective (Zuñiga v. Court of Appeals, 95 SCRA 740 [1980])."[15] (Underscoring ours.)
Obviously, respondent corporation's motion properly belonged to the class of cases challenging PCGG's acts.
Incidentally, we should also register our agreement with the following asseverations made by respondent Court:
"In other words, nowhere did the plaintiff Republic of the Philippines declare that, as an agency which acts for it, the PCGG had the power to declare that the rules and regulations which it enacted would be beyond the reach of the Courts. Put very simply, nothing in the Freedom Constitution (Proc. No. 3) placed the PCGG beyond the realm of ordinary judicial review, whether of its acts or of its otherwise valid enactments.
On the contrary, the very statutory authority (E.O. No. 14) that acknowledged the duty of the PCGG to initiate suit to confirm its initial finding of "ill-gotten" wealth, also vested upon this Court jurisdiction to determine if the acts of the PCGG for the recovery of "ill-gotten" wealth were valid and correct. The Supreme Court for its part has read this investiture of exclusive and original jurisdiction with this Court to include "those who wish to question or challenge the Commission's act or orders in such cases" (PCGG vs. Pena, G.R. No. 77663, April 12, 1988). Neither the legislative enactment nor jurisprudence grant the PCGG authority to establish rules and regulations which will determine when this Court could exercise jurisdiction over the PCGG's act and when this Court could not so act.
In other words, once a case has been filed with this Court, the party aggrieved by the acts of the PCGG cannot be required to resort to the procedures established by PCGG's own internal rules to have the matter reviewed by the Office of the President as provided in Sec. 6 thereof. On the contrary, resort to this Court becomes the proper, if not the only, remedy available to such a person.
In this instance, when the lack of authority on the part of the PCGG is apparent from its own averments, to compel the aggrieved defendant to take recourse to administrative process is wasteful and, therefore unnecessary."[16]
The Court took its time deciding this case, filed in May 1989, in its desire to give the government the benefit of the doubt and to consider its position in the best possible light. We even considered applying the very recent ruling of this Court in Republic vs. Sandiganbayan [First Division], Maria Clara Lobregat, et al., G.R. No. 96073 (promulgated June 18, 1996), where this Court directed the Sandiganbayan to resolve within sixty days from notice the preliminary question, among others, of whether there exists prima facie factual foundation for the sequestration of shares of stock subject matter of said case. However, we could not adopt the same measure here since in the aforesaid case, there was never any question as to the validity of the sequestration writ involved therein, whereas in the instant case, the very issue at hand is precisely the validity of such sequestration order.
All told, in the final analysis, it is not possible to ignore the fact that the PCGG and its agents and representatives failed to follow the Commission's own Rules in their attempt to effect the sequestration of Dio Island Resort. That failure, as pointed out by respondent Court, is not a mere technicality. The PCGG's failure to establish even just prima facie basis for the sequestration order as required in BASECO is no less than a flagrant and indecent disregard of 'the requirements of fairness and due process' being upheld in Executive Order No. 14 and by our Constitution, which requirements, in the words of BASECO, are "exigible in this jurisdiction in which the Rule of Law prevails and official acts which are devoid of rational basis in fact or law, or are whimsical and capricious, are condemned and struck down". Over and above the exigencies of recovering ill-gotten wealth, we must carry out the more pressing constitutional task of seeing to it that all parties are afforded due process and substantial justice. Thus we declare that, in issuing and enforcing the subject sequestration order which, from its very inception, was unauthorized and invalid, the PCGG has overstepped the limits of the powers bestowed upon it by law. Ineluctably, this Court must uphold its constitutional duty to give justice to all. Even those suspected by the state of having acquired and/or accumulated ill-gotten wealth are entitled to the benefits of the new democratic space brought by the people's revolution in 1986 and the due process clause of the 1987 Constitution.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the herein petition is hereby DISMISSED for lack of merit. The assailed Resolutions are AFFIRMED in toto.
Narvasa, C.J., (Chairman), Padilla, Regalado, Davide, Jr., Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza, Francisco, and Torres, JJ., concur.
Padilla, J., see separate concurring opinion.
Romero, J., no part, did not take part in the deliberation.
Hermosisima, J., no part, being signatory to the assailed Sandiganbayan decision.
[1] By the First Division, composed of JJ. Francis E. Garchitorena, presiding justice and ponente, Segundino G. Chua (special member designated pursuant to Supreme Court Adm. Order No. 56 dated June 1, 1988 and SB Adm. Order No. 184-88 dated June 8, 1988) and Luciano A. Joson, members; rollo, pp. 27-35.
[2] Penned also by PJ. Francis E. Garchitorena and concurred in by JJ. Regino C. Hermosisima, Jr. and Augusto M. Amores; rollo, pp. 37-47.
[4] Per the Certification dated June 21, 1988 of the PCGG Commission Secretary quoting excerpts from the Minutes of the Commission Meeting held June 16, 1988; rollo, pp. 49-50.
[5] Resolution of April 3, 1989, p. 4; rollo, p. 40.
[6] 192 SCRA 743 (December 26, 1990), citing BASECO vs. PCGG, 150 SCRA 181 (May 22, 1987). The same doctrine was reiterated in Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, Sipalay Trading Corp. and Allied Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 122708-09, (March 29, 1996).
[7] Resolution promulgated April 3, 1989, pp. 4-5; rollo, pp. 40-41.
[8] 159 SCRA 556, 564 (April 12, 1988).
[9] 18 SCRA 877, 884 (November 29, 1966).
[10] Resolution promulgated November 22, 1988, pp. 3-4; rollo, pp. 29-30. (Underscoring in the original text.)
[11] Resolution promulgated April 3, 1989, p. 4; rollo, p. 40. (Underscoring in the original text.)
[12] Resolution of April 3, 1989, pp. 7-8; rollo, pp. 43-44.
[13] Supra, at pp. 213-214.
[14] 186 SCRA 864, 871, 873-875 (June 27, 1990).
[15] Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, 221 SCRA 189, 195 (April 7, 1993).
[16] Resolution promulgated November 22, 1988, pp. 7-8; rollo, pp. 33-34. (Emphasis ours)
PADILLA, J., separate concurring opinion:
I agree with the Court's decision that the subject writ or order of sequestration is not a valid sequestration writ or order, not having been issued by at least two (2) PCGG Commissioners as required by law. At the same time, I reiterate my dissenting opinion in G.R. No. 96073 entitled Republic of the Philippines v. Sandiganbayan, et. al. And companion cases, dated 23 January 1995, to the effect that the Sandiganbayan itself as not acquired jurisdiction over Dio Resort, Inc. because it has not been impleaded as a defendant in Civil Case No. 0010 even if it has been listed in annexes to said complaint as among the corporations where the defendants in said case have allegedly ill-gotten wealth.


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Eupedia Forum > Humanities & Anthropology > Philosophy > Sartre, a failed philosopher ?
View Full Version : Sartre, a failed philosopher ?
In 1960, Jean-Paul Sartre (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartre) wrote "an anti-communist is a dog". Sartre was a convinced Marxist. It is partly due to his influence that there is still a substantial communist party in France today. His existentialist ideology made him become an engaged political activist. He spent much his late life attempting to reconcile his existentialist ideas about self-determination with communist principles.
So my question is "Was Sartre is failed philosopher ?". A good philosopher should be the voice of reason. Yet, apart from conveniently escaping the most essential philosophical subjects, most of his ideas revolve around communism, one of the worst economic theory ever invented. It is easy to say "oh, but he didn't know at the time". In 1960, Lenin and Stalin were both dead, and Mao had been leading the Chinese Communist party for 25 years and completed his disastrous "Great Leap Forward". So Sartre had no excuse. Sartre died in 1980, when communism in Europe was nearing its end, but he remained vociferously pro-communist.
Sartre was also a defender of terrorism. When eleven Israeli Olympians were killed by the Palestinian organization Black September in Munich 1972, Sartre said terrorism was a "terrible weapon but the oppressed poor have no others." He also found it "perfectly scandalous that the Munich attack should be judged by the French press and a section of public opinion as an intolerable scandal." In this sense he may have influenced modern Islamic terrorism by justifying it, because most Islamic terorist are poor and feel oppressed (by the concept of free society in the West).
Shame on Sartre.
I like his books. Little extreme copy of Albert Camus. Sympathized with the some kind of idealized communism. You have to distinguish between ideology and governance in Eastern Europe.
Anthro-inclined
One can never be a failed philosopher in my mind. At its fundamental philosophy is a profession of asking questions, to say one has failed at asking a question is absurd. Of course philosophers state their theories and opinions, but it is for you to decide its truth. I also think its pretty short sighted to look at satres political values as a reason for him to be an invalid philosopher,you have said nothing of his most well known political philosophy, Existentialism. Also if you believe that marxism holds no truth today, than you are delusional. I believe alot of the problems facing the EU are caused by greed which is encouraged by capitalism. However this is just my opinion, its for you to decide wether its true or invalid.
nordicwarrior
I frankly see No Exit to this thread, Stranger.
He never was an existentialist, but more of a sick, nihilistic old pevert.
Seems like someone who let their emotions and ideology takeover their life. Definitely too far to the left, and not logical enough.
It sounds like you never heard about him, until reading this thread. My recommendation is to read his actual work, instead of basing your opinion off someone elses interpretation. He did not gear most of his philosophy for the left, he simply agreed with the ideas set out by Marx. He is the most well known Existentialist, which deals with the nature and purpose of our lives. But even with what i have told you, if you are going to base your opinion on something, read the primary source and then make a judgement
Don't be so presumptuous. I have heard of him, otherwise I wouldn't have replied to this thread. Chill dude.
What you posted in your previous response,made it sound like you had never heard of him before. Maybe my interpretation of him is different, cause in my readings he never let his emotions get in the way of his quest for knowledge. Just because you think a left wing ideology is illogical, dosent mean everyone does, it sounds like everyone is dissmissing him because of his political ideals, most of his writings can be interpreted by all sides of the political spectrum. I also dont know why you think im getting angry, I was just trying to see if you actually knew what you were talking about, my mistake.
How did I get a thumbs down on this? I guess somebody didn't get the joke.
My Polish friend informed me that the Chinese communist leaders were originally bourgeois students who became communists in France.
France is often considered the place in which the seeds of communism were sowed. After the revolution and overthrow of the monarchy, socialism became a prevelent idea, this was represented by the Jacobins and more radically by the Piques. France still has a great communist presence, and has only began to decline recently. As for China, they no longer represent a communist government, at least according to most, and the same applys to North Korea, which better resembles a Despotism.
Yes, it is true China is not a true communist country. Former Premier Chou En Lai, the Leader in the 80s Deng Shau Ping were educated in France.
Interesting, however it is very common place for the asian upper class to send their children to West Europe or America for their education, as they feel the schools are better, and usually have more prestige than their Asian counterparts. Also, it dosent have much to do with the political system, but its really a universal thing among rich people in India, China and other progressing nations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ABSTRACT: In cancer patients, metastasis of tumors to sentinel lymph nodes (LN) predicts disease progression and often guides treatment decisions. The mechanisms underlying tumor LN metastasis are poorly understood. Using comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of primary and LN metastatic tumors in mice, we found that LN metastasis requires that tumor cells undergo a metabolic shift toward fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Transcriptional co-activator yes-associated protein (YAP) is selectively activated in LN metastatic tumors, leading to upregulation of genes in the FAO signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO or genetic ablation of YAP suppressed LN metastasis in mice. Several bioactive bile acids were highly accumulated in the LN metastatic tumor. Inhibition of FAO or YAP may merit exploration as therapeutic strategies for mitigating tumor LN metastasis.
Tumor metastasis to lymph nodes requires YAP-dependent metabolic adaptation.
Project description:During pancreatic cancer progression, heterogeneous subclonal populations evolve in the primary tumor that possess differing capacities to metastasize and cause patient death. However, the genetics of metastasis reflects that of the primary tumor, and PDAC driver mutations arise early. This raises the possibility than an epigenetic process could be operative late. Using an exceptional resource of paired patient samples, we found that different metastatic subclones from the same patient possessed remarkably divergent malignant properties and global epigenetic programs. Global reprogramming was targeted to thousands of large chromatin domains across the genome that collectively specified malignant divergence. This was maintained by a metabolic shift within the pentose phosphate pathway, independent of KRAS driver mutations. Analysis of paired primary and metastatic tumors from multiple patients uncovered substantial epigenetic heterogeneity in primary tumors, which resolved into a terminally reprogrammed state in metastatic lesions. This supports a model whereby driver mutations accumulate early to initiate pancreatic tumorigenesis, followed by a period of subclonal evolution that generates sufficient intra-tumor heterogeneity for selection of epigenetic programs that may increase fitness during malignant progression and metastatic spread. To map the epigenomic landscape of pancreatic cancer progression as it evolves within patients. BS-Seq of 4 patients (A13, A38, A124 and A125). Patient A38 included local peritoneal metastasis and 2 distant metastsis (liver and lung mets). Patient A13 included 2 primary tumors and 1 distant lung metastasis. Each sample has been done with replicates. Patient A124 included 2 primary tumors and 1 normal pancreas.
Project description:To uncover the gene expression alterations that occur during lung cancer progression, we interrogated the gene expression state of neoplastic cells at different stages of malignant progression. We initiated tumors in KrasLSL-G12D/+;p53flox/flox;R26LSL-tdTomato (KPT) mice with a pool of barcoded lentiviral-Cre vectors and purified Tomatopositive cancer cells away from the diverse and variable stromal cell populations. Five to nine months after tumor initiation, cancer cells were isolated from individual primary tumors and metastases using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Sequencing of the barcode region of the integrated lentiviral vectors established primary tumor-metastasis and metastasis-metastasis relationships. Tumor barcoding allowed us to unequivocally distinguish non-metastatic primary tumors (TnonMet) from those primary tumors that had seeded metastases (TMet). We profiled 10 TnonMet samples as well as TMet and metastasis (Met) samples representing 12 metastatic events. To examine additional earlier stages of lung cancer development, we also analyzed premalignant cells from hyperplasias that develop in KPT mice shortly after tumor initiation (KPT-Early; KPT-E), as well as tumors from KrasG12D;R26LSL-tdTomato (KT) mice which rarely gain metastatic ability Overall design: This study includes 52 samples: 3 KP late samples, 3KPT early samples,10 non-metastatic primary tumors, 9 metastatic primary tumors, and 27 metastasis in different organs. total RNA was isolated and prepared for sequencing using the Ovation® RNA-Seq system and Illumina TruSeq DNA kit (v2) to generate 100bp paired end reads. Reads were aligned to mm10.
Project description:Abnormal tumor vessels promote metastasis and impair chemotherapy. Hence, tumor vessel normalization (TVN) by targeting endothelial cells (ECs) is emerging as anti-cancer treatment. Here, we show that tumor ECs (TECs) have a hyper-glycolytic metabolism, shunting glycolytic intermediates to nucleotide synthesis. EC haplo-deficiency or blockade of the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 did not affect tumor growth, but reduced cancer cell intra- and extravasation and metastasis by normalizing tumor vessels, which improved vessel maturation and perfusion. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 inhibition tightened the vascular barrier by reducing VE-cadherin endocytosis in ECs and rendering glycolytic pericytes more quiescent; it also lowered the expression of cancer cell adhesion molecules in ECs. Additionally, PFKFB3-blockade treatment improved chemotherapy. Considering TEC metabolism for anti-cancer treatment might thus merit further attention.


The skip will be positioned near the footbridge entrance, opposite Barn House EX2 9RY. THIS SERVICE IS FOR BULKY HOUSEHOLD WASTE ONLY, NO TRADE WASTE. Please do not deposit any waste at the site before the skip has arrived. For more information, please call the Recycling team on 01626 215838 or visit http://www.teignbridge.gov.uk/recycling-and-waste/recycling/rural-skip-locations or see notices around the village.


The Untethered Soul by Michael Singer is a great book on better controlling our mind for a more peaceful, happy and fulfilling life.
The author, Michael Singer, is a spiritual teacher who has spent years on yoga and meditation.
Our mind never stops humming in the background. It's always churning out thoughts and interpreting what it receives from our senses.
The very first step towards enlightenment is being able to listen to that background voice, which The Untethered Soul call the "Inner Voice".
The Inner Voice is our self.
Our inner voice influences our emotions, and our emotions in turn influence how we perceive ourselves. How we perceive ourselves is the personal self.
For example if we often feel jealous -the self level-, then we will think of ourselves as jealous persons -this is the personal self, how we perceive ourselves-.
And this is a key concept of the book. What you think and feel is not the real you.
Feelings and thoughts do not define you. Your inner voice is not you.
The only way to go past your inner voice is to meditate for 15 minutes minimum. After a while you will notice that your background Inner Voice has disappeared.
And that's when you can get in touch with your true self.
The Untethrered Mind deals with a deep and important concept: not allowing negative events in our lives to leave a long lasting impact.
Imagine you're driving and see your ex with someone else. You'll keep driving, but the thoughts of your ex will depress you for days to come.
That happens at the Inner Voice level, and it keeps pestering us for a long time because we keep holding and blocking the inner voice thoughts within us.
The author instead recommends you "lean away" from the negative, painful thoughts. Look at them but don't dwell on them and they will not take over you.
Meditation will help you achieve the power to that.
Michael Singer says we should learn instead to let the thoughts of the Inner Voice go by. Negative thoughts will come anyway, but you let them go instead of holding them.
That image will run through my head for a few days and that's OK.
Most of the tohughts in our our mind are not true. They are random, or heavily skewed towards negativity. When we fully entertain them, think about them, and attach feelings to them, that's when they become real.
And that's when they poison our lives.
Learning to let negative thoughts roam without entertaining them and without attaching feelings to them is liberating.
The Untethered Soul explains how for evolutionary reasons (read The Moral Animal) we give more weight and importance to negative information.
But fear is just another thoughts of our Inner Voice. It's not you. It's not even part of you.
And same as jealousy, instead of bottling it up, rumunating over it and let it consume you, you can accept it and let it go.
Michael Singer explains how reflecting on death can help us make our lives more meaningful.
Also read leveraging death for a better life.
Meditation is not woo-woo stuff, it has real, proven benefits.
This is something that has always been hard for me. I want to win, and I hate losing.
I'm very happy to be getting better at moving past pain now and it's a life changer.
If you've been reading my summaries a bit you know that I like a tightly organized book. I don't think The Untethered Soul was well structured.
It felt like a bit of lengthy, verbose prose at times. I think The Untethered Soul could have been briefer and built around the 2-3 key deep nuggets of wisdom it presents and how to reach that state.
I found The Untethered Soul could have gone a bit deeper into the how to reach the enlightened stage the author talks about.
"Let go of fear" is not as helpful as saying "it took me X years to reach this level of awareness, and every day I've done X, Y, Z".
The Untethered Soul popularizes some key concepts of meditation and spiritual awakening, and that's a good thing.
Albeit reaching the level of awareness and control it takes to let go of things is not easy, I believe it's a key, central skill of an empowered (and happy) life.
And while not easy, it's certainly within reach for all of us.
The Untethered Soul is about the ultimate control: mind control.
It reminded a bit of Eleven Rings, where Phil also talks about a meditation practice of letting thoughts come and go. He says after a while, you will realize those thoughts have less power over you.
Definitely a book to read and cherish.


The beautiful Koh Lim is found within the popular national marine park, located towards the eastern part of Thailand. Apart from Koh Lim, there are a few other islands nearby.
Choices of things to see and do in Koh Lim are close to endless. In fact, the island's natural beauty and stunning landscape features many scenic points, trails and lush foliage.
Koh Lim's lush landscape features a hilly terrain with high mountains and fertile forested areas. You'll surely find some excellent hiking paths on the island. You can also explore the island's scenic beauty and check out the renowned diverse marine life.
The island's serene natural setting also includes long stretches of palm trees – this looks beautiful with the scenic backdrop that features stone cliffs and a rugged terrain. No wonder this island is a heaven for visitors.
Those who are coming here from Koh Samui will have to come by boat. Apart from diving and snorkelling, you can enjoy a bit of fishing here. In fact, these are some of the finest fishing spots around here.
Choices of other fun activities in Koh Lim include kayaking, sailing and trekking.


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Clădirea Rectoratului Universității Brașov a fost construită între anii 1881-1885 în stil neorenascentist, cu picturi Sgraffito, după proiectul arhitectului Peter Bartesch. Aflată la intersecția Bulevardului Ferdinand (azi Bulevardul Eroilor) cu Strada Vămii (azi strada Mureșenilor), pe locul fostei Porți a Vămii de la intrarea în Cetate dinspre Brașovechi, clădirea a fost inițial Palatul Oficiului de Pensii și sediul Prefecturii.

Istoric
Poarta Vămii cea veche includea un bastion de formă cilindrică profilat în afara zidurilor cetații și era prevăzută cu un pod mobil cu lanțuri. Afectată puternic în urma cutremurului din 1738, poarta a fost demolată în anul 1836, iar în 1838 a fost construită o nouă poartă cu dimensiuni mai reduse față de poarta veche, asemănătoare cu Poarta Șchei. În anul 1891, când au fost puse șinele pentru tramvaiul cu aburi, poarta Vămii a fost dărâmată pentru că locomotiva cu aburi nu putea trece pe sub ea.

Pe locul rămas liber după demolarea porții Vămii, au fost construite două clădiri impunătoare: Palatul Oficiului de Pensii, pe o parte a străzii Vămii și Palatul Soarelui, pe cealată parte a străzii.
Palatul Oficiului de Pensii, cunoscut și sub numele de Palatul Pensiilor, construit în stil neorenascentist cu fațadele registrului superior decorate cu figuri alegorice în tehnica "Sgrafitto" de pictorița Lotte Goldschmidt, a fost inaugurat în anul 1885.

La parterul clădirii se găsea restaurantul și terasa "Transilvaniaˮ, un local celebru în epocă.
Tot aici a funcționat și Poșta până în anul 1903, când s-a construit noua clădire a Poștei (Palatul Poștelor).

Palatul Oficiului de Pensii a fost prima clădire din Brașov racordată la rețeaua publică de apă potabilă proaspăt construită după proiectul inginerului șef al orașului, Christian Kertsch, astfel că, după finalizarea construcției apeductului de sub Tâmpa în 1893, edificiul a început să primescă apă din noua rețea.

La etajele I și II a funcționat Prefectura Județului Brașov, în acest imobil fiind amenajată și locuința prefectului.

După Al Doilea Război Mondial și venirea comuniștilor la putere, în clădirea Rectoratului a funcționat Sfatul Popular al Regiunii Brașov.

Din anul 1968 imobilul a fost dat în administrarea Universității din Brașov.

Clădirea, declarată monument istoric de importanță națională (), a fost restaurată între anii 2018-2019.

Galerie imagini

Note

Referințe

Vezi și
 Palatul Soarelui din Brașov

Legături externe

Monumente istorice din Brașov
Clădiri și structuri din Brașov
Fondări în 1885
Obiective turistice din municipiul Brașov

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Emmesomyia scutellata este o specie de muște din genul Emmesomyia, familia Anthomyiidae. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Stein în anul 1911.

Este endemică în Bolivia. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Emmesomyia scutellata nu are subspecii cunoscute.

Referințe

Emmesomyia


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The Attic Youth Center was founded in 1993 in response to a growing need for a welcoming place that creates opportunities for LGBTQ youth...
Attic Youth Leader Receives National LGBTQ Task Force Youth Leadership Award
1/23/2017 12:06pm
On Janurary 22, 2017 at the National LGBTQ Task Force's Creating Change Conference, Attic youth leader Hazel Edwars was presented with the Task Force's Youth Leadership Award.
Each year, the National LGBTQ Task Force presents these awards recognizing the hard work and dedication of colleagues in our LGBTQ movement. These awards are presented collaboratively with the Consortium of Higher Education LGBT Resource Professionals; the Evelyn and Walter Haas Jr. Fund; and Services & Advocacy for GLBT Elders (SAGE).
Hazel Edwards is a Philadelphia proud trans community advocate and youth leader. She conducts research and analyzes data to improve the school climate for transgender and gender nonconforming students in the Philadelphia School District. In 2016, Hazel co-authored the School District's Policy 252, establishing protections for transgender and gender nonconforming students and has led trainings for teachers and administrators on how to best implement the policy. Hazel is an intern at The Attic Youth Center with the Justice League program, mobilizing LGBTQ youth of color to address systems that have negatively impacted their lives. As part of this work, Hazel has presented and led workshops across the Philadelphia region for hundreds of people on gender, sexuality, racism, and anti-oppression. Hazel also co-facilitates GenderRevolution, The Attic Youth Center's support group for transgender and gender non-conforming youth. She is the only out transgender young person on the Mayor's Youth Commission in Philadelphia, where she regularly speaks to the issues that impact LGBTQ youth of color in Philadelphia. Hazel is a member of the Youth Leadership Housing Advisory Committee which advises the City of Philadelphia on how to address youth homelessness. Hazel has been recognized for her work and advocacy with the awards and titles: the keynote speaker for Philadelphia Trans March 2016, the Girls Rock Philly 2016 PhillyRising Award, the Youth Rising Star Award at Philadelphia Trans March 2015, and Youth Grand Marshall for the 2014 Philadelphia Pride Parade.
Read more at www.creatingchange.org/award-honorees/
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Net-a-Porter founder Natalie Massenet quits firm following Yoox merger
Zen Terrelonge -
On 2 September, it was reported that British online fashion firm ASOS was losing its founder and CEO Nick Robertson after 15 years at the helm, though he would stay involved as a non-executive director.
The move saw COO and CFO Nick Beighton named his successor, while Helen Ashton joined as the replacement finance chief.
Brian McBride, chairman of ASOS, said: "On behalf of everyone who works at ASOS, I'd like to acknowledge Nick Robertson's extraordinary achievement. His passion and vision have built a start-up into a world class company. We are all delighted that Nick will continue to contribute to the company that he started."
Keeping the trend alive, Natalie Massenet, the founder of digital fashion company Net-a-Porter has also decided to depart the company she founded 15 years ago.
The surprise announcement comes after a planned merger of the business with out-of-season luxury fashion company Yoox. The union of the two firms was announced in April and is expected to be completed in October, marking the creation of "an online global fashion giant".
She is said to have left following the sale of her shares in the company, which are worth around £100m, while rumours suggest that Massenet did not get on with Yoox's founder Federico Marchetti, who will become CEO of the joint firm.
Read more on the fashion industry:
H&M launches €1m grant for innovations aimed at recycling old clothes
New Look to focus on menswear stores and China as revenue grows under new ownership
London Fashion Week 2015's impact on UK businesses and designers
A brief statement from Yoox said: "Following Natalie Massenet's tendering of
her resignation today as executive chairman of The-Net-A-Porter Group, Ms. Massenet will not be a member of the Board of Directors of the new Group, which will result from the upcoming merger."
American entrepreneur Massenet, who is also the chairwoman of the British Fashion Council, created Net-a-Porter from her London flat back in 2000. The idea was to bring a digital magazine element to luxury fashion, one complete with the means to make purchases.
In related news, rival betting firms Paddy Power and Betfair are also planning a merger to forge "one of the world's largest public online betting and gaming companies". As a result, senior staff role changes are set to take place, so it will be interesting if similar unrest follows.
"The proposed merger with Paddy Power is hugely exciting. It would create a truly global sports betting group with unmatched products and talent, and significantly enhanced scale," said Betfair CEO Breon Corcoran.
Of course, at the time of the merger announcement with Yoox, Johann Rupert, chairman of Richemont, the owner of Net-a-Porter, said: "Established business models are being increasingly disrupted by the technological giants.
"It is with this in mind that we believe it is important to increase leadership and size to protect the uniqueness of the luxury industry."
By Zen Terrelonge
Tagged Ecommerce, Fashion, M And A, Mergers, News, Retail
How to make sure your business stays above HR law while staff continue to work remotely
How to become a human centric leader
7 great productivity hacks HR software can bring
Can my employer make me get a Covid-19 vaccine?
Staff motivation: Techniques, examples and quotes from SMEs
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6 second take: Sometimes turning saving into a game is exactly what you need. Try these money-saving challenges to get you going.
A money-saving challenge is the only sure-fire fun way to save money. I know what you're thinking: It's not fun to put money in a bank account when you can spend it on something you want. However, saving money is key to living a financially balanced life. Plus, once you make it a habit, it no longer seems so difficult.
The hard part is turning saving money into a habit. If you're having a hard time making it a part of your monthly financial activities, you may want to try out a money-saving challenge.
The penny challenge is simple. Save one penny on day one, two pennies on day two, and so on until the last day of the year, when you'll save $3.65 on day 365. At the end of this challenge, you'll have $667.95 in your bank account.
It's amazing how much power pennies can have when you save them.
While this challenge will seem easy in the beginning, it gets tougher as the year goes on. In the first month, you'll only have to save $4.96, but in the last month, you'll have to save $108.50.
If you start this saving challenge at the beginning of the year, that last month will be one of the most difficult months to save money, since it includes Christmas. I don't know about you, but November and December are always big spending months in my household. As long as you think ahead and are prepared to save — even during the holidays — this challenge should be a reasonably easy one to complete, and it will help you work your way up to saving $100 per month.
The $30 money-saving challenge is super straight forward, but may be exactly what you need to get used to saving. Simply save $30 every week of the year, and you'll be rewarded with a savings account with $1,560 in deposits. This challenge has the most realistic chance of being accomplished if you can get over the initial hump of saving a decent amount of money right away.
For some, saving $120 in the first four weeks can be too much of a challenge. If that sounds like you, then try the penny challenge first before graduating to the $30-a-week challenge in year two. Then, if you're really adventurous, you can try the next challenge in year three.
This one has a similar problem as the penny challenge: The biggest month of saving is during the expensive holiday season. Since this challenge has you saving $404 in the last month of the year, you definitely need to plan ahead with this challenge, as well.
One way to make sure that you can complete the challenge without worrying about the holidays is to delay starting it. Rather than starting on the first week of the year, try starting on Week 12 or Week 24. Grab a calendar and label your start week as "Week One" and continue numbering each week until you get to week 52. This could easily help you make saving during the holiday months a bit less painful, but you'll still have to plan to save.
If you can continue saving $404 per month after the challenge, you'll be able to put away $4,848 each year. A little extra will get you to saving $5,000 per year!
Pick the Right Money-Saving Challenge for You!
Sometimes you just need a way to gamify your financial goals to make them happen. If that sounds like you, then pick one of these money-saving challenges and start today. In a year, you'll take a look at your bank account and be glad that you did!
Millennials Saving for Retirement: Are You on the Right Track?
Cary J. Green, Ph.D.: Saving is Important!


In today's market, there's no shortage of supply chain technology providers. What's harder to find is a partner who can be trusted to deliver not only best-in-class solutions but also the expertise and connections necessary to implement those solutions, as well as quality support long after. It's that commitment to serve customers' broader needs that sets Intermec apart.
Intermec industrial solutions help make companies leaner, more efficient and more agile.
From the factory floor to the front door, Intermec systems deliver information wherever it's needed.
Intermec solutions maximize retail supply chain efficiencies to ensure products reach the customer on time.
Intermec secure data management systems help eliminate errors, improve staff productivity and reduce costs.
Honeywell Global Tracking develops satellite-based products and solutions that are used around the world to track, monitor and communicate with mobile assets.
From order to delivery, Intermec solutions lower costs and improve operations throughout the supply chain.
Intermec solutions keep track of goods through the entire distribution process to control costs and improve customer satisfaction.
Intermec provides solutions to manage critical systems, helping public agencies deliver more services with fewer resources.
Find out why Vocollect by Honeywell is #1 in the Business of Voice: Explore our comprehensive portfolio of voice-enabled workflows and voice-optimized solutions.
Honeywell Scanning & Mobility was formed via the acquisition of Hand Held Products (HHP), Metrologic Instruments, LXE, and Intermec, which included Vocollect Voice Solutions. Honeywell Scanning & Mobility is a leading manufacturer of high-performance image-, laser-, and voice-based data collection hardware, including rugged mobile computers and barcode scanners. Please Select your Location and Preferred Language.


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Tag Archives: Division 06
Measuring a building's embodied carbon
The ability to understand and to measure a building's environmental impact is pivotal in order to make buildings more sustainable. By exploring the principal methods and tools assessing carbon footprint in the context of building materials, architects and specifiers can compare alternate designs and make informed choices.
WRB-AB sheathing streamlines wall assembly and cladding compatibility
With the variety of cladding materials available today, and designers' penchants to combine styles and textures, it is essential to specify building envelope controls that are compatible with multiple cladding types. This balancing act between aesthetic preferences and air and moisture management is where gypsum-integrated water-resistive barrier-air barrier (WRB-AB) sheathings shine.
Historic Seattle market rings up award-winning design
A winner of the 2019 American Institute of Architects (AIA) Award for Regional and Urban Design, the $74-million Pike Place MarketFront addition to the landmark market in Seattle, Washington, represents a critical link between the historical district and several future developments along the waterfront.
Fire resistance and prevention in wood buildings
Mass timber buildings are capable of providing a level of fire-resistance comparable to steel and concrete. Building code changes are allowing more projects to capitalize on the cost, schedule, and environmental advantages of wood construction. As the popularity of wood grows, construction safety practices are also receiving greater emphasis to mitigate fire hazards during one of the most vulnerable periods of a building's lifetime.
Timber towers: The future of tall wood design
Advocates for mass timber construction boast of faster construction times, lower labor costs, and environmental benefits. However, some building professionals are skeptical. The design firm Hickok Cole has designed Timber Towers, a conceptual 60-story mass timber skyscraper, to showcase what is possible with wood.
Making the right deCIsion on continuous insulation
Growing use of continuous insulation (CI) across virtually all building types reflects its role as an essential means to achieving higher efficiency standards as well as sustainability goals.
Treating reinforcement corrosion in parking structures
Parking garages are an integral part of our nation's infrastructure. Although they are subject to more deterioration than other building types, their maintenance is typically not considered of primary importance to building owners or managers.
Designing with fiber cement to enliven façades
Architects specifying materials for building or remodeling projects consider the performance and aesthetics of construction products, along with material, labor, and installation costs.
Using ICFs and IFAs to enhance energy efficiency
The Academy at Nola Dunn is a K–5 elementary school in Texas' Burleson Independent School District (ISD). Completed in 2010, the 9940-m2 (107,000-sf) building has an external envelope consisting of insulated concrete form (ICF) walls and integrated framing assembly (IFA) door and window frames.
At the intersection of fire safety and energy efficiency
In 2015, The United States experienced 113,500 nonresidential structure fires (the latest year for which data on this are available), resulting in 80 civilian deaths and $3.1 billion in property damage.
The rise of the blue roof
Blue-roof implementation is on the rise in the United States and, indeed, around the world. First conceived in 2008, these ROOF assemblies have proved to be an emerging technology that changes the game in densely populated, urban areas like San Francisco, Philadelphia, and New York.


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Recent Excavations
County: Meath Site name: Bellinter 2
Excavations.ie number: 2006:1501 License number: A008/031, E3084
Author: Steve Linnane, Archaeological Consultancy Services Ltd, 21 Boyne Business Park, Greenhills, Drogheda.
Site type: Burnt mound
This site was located within Contract 2 (Dunshaughlin to Navan) of the proposed M3 Clonee to north of Kells motorway and was identified during advance testing by Steve Linnane in March–April 2004 (Excavations 2004, No. 1221, 04E0419). Full resolution of the site took place in July 2006 and three shallow spreads of burnt material including stone and charcoal flecks, two pits, one of which may represent the remains of an associated trough filled with fire-shattered stone, and two drains were located. The presence of some of these features probably demonstrates the previous existence of a now heavily truncated burnt mound.
http://www.excavations.ie/report/2004/Meath/0012343/
County: Meath Site name: TESTING AREA 15, DOWDSTOWN/ CASTLETOWN TARA/BALLINTER
Excavations.ie number: 2004:1221 License number: 04E0419
Author: Stephen J. Linnane, Archaeological Consultancy Services Ltd, Unit 21, Boyne Business Park, Greenhills, Drogheda, Co. Louth.
Site type: Prehistoric to post-medieval
An assessment was carried out in advance of the planned M3 Clonee-North of Kells PPP scheme, Co. Meath, on the Dunshaughlin-Navan section (Contract 2) between February and June 2004. This section of the scheme is c. 15.5km long from the townland of Roestown, north-west of Dunshaughlin, to the townland of Ardsallagh, south-west of Navan town. The EIS recommended testing any known or possible sites identified and Meath County Council further proposed to test the whole of the remainder of the route. For the purposes of testing, this section was divided into 26 testing areas. The assessment methodology generally consisted of mechanically excavating 2m-wide test-trenches along the centre-line and perpendicular to the centre-line to the edge of the land-take every 20m. The work was carried out on behalf of Meath County Council, the National Roads Design Office and the National Roads Authority.
Testing Area 15 is located in the townlands of Dowdstown, Castletown Tara and Ballinter between Chainages 32000 and 33600. Within this area 19,493m2 of the total 246,061m2 available was test-trenched, providing an assessment coverage of 7.9%.
The testing area was situated to the immediate south of the River Boyne crossing at Ballinter Bridge and extended to the south-east, where Dowdstown Bridge crossed the River Skane. At this point Testing Area 15 extended to west and east where county road L2201-29 was to be slightly rerouted and provided with the proposed Dowdstown Overbridge.
During the testing a series of features were noted as being archaeologically significant. These were given designated site names based on the townlands within which they were excavated.
A circular bowl hearth, Ballinter 1, was isolated and provided no material for dating.
Ballinter 2, a cluster of four burnt-stone spreads, appeared to be the remains of a ploughed-out fulacht fiadh, although no trough or other associated features were recognised within the test-trenches.
Dowdstown 1 comprised the foundations of a well-constructed building and a nearby roadway revealed during testing. Both features appear on the first- and second-edition OS maps. The walls of the building were constructed of coursed limestone, while the floor was of brick. The roadway was well constructed of small rounded cobbles and had a substantial stone-built drain running along its length.
Dowdstown 2 had been detected by the preceding geophysical survey and testing confirmed the nature of this complex site as a ringfort with additional annexes. The site seemed to have been occupied for a significant period and four phases of activity were noted. The primary phase consisted of a circular enclosure with a diameter of c. 40m, which was later enlarged by the excavation of a ditch containing an irregular annexe to the north and east of the primary enclosure. The greater part of the original ditch was enlarged at this time. Further phases of activity involved the construction of additional annexes, only now with rectilinear ditches. No finds allowed the dating of these features, but it is suggested that the site could date from the Early Christian period and may have remained in use into the medieval period.


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As the interface between industry and retail, we view it as our job to promote efficient communication between industrial and retail partners. In personal conversations, we bring together the interests of industry and retail, encouraging reconciliation of the interests of everyone involved. In addition to this, we also organize regular forums and exhibitions where manufacturers and purchasers at our retail partners can come together directly, industrial partners present their new products and selected speakers discuss current industry topics.
Our yearly Information Days in the individual countries offer additional industry platforms and forums for effectively exchanging ideas as needed.


Thank you for your patients as I update this site. Contact me at info@dogworks805.com with any questions.
In June of 2018 DogWorks has moved to the Santa Rosa area of CA.
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Artists Nigel Boddice
Nigel Boddice
Nigel Boddice MBE, Hon. ARAM is the former principal trumpet of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. A position held for twenty years [75-95]. Hghlights included solo appearances at the Henry Wood Promenade concerts, chamber work and leading the BBCSSO Brass Ensemble.
For his special association with the young brass musicians of West Lothian, he accepted the inaugural presentation of the Mortimer Medal from the Worshipful Company of Musicians in London and for his prolific presentation of contemporary music he was honoured by the Scottish Composers Society. In recognition of his input and work with the youth of Scotland generally, and West Lothian in particular, Nigel was awarded the MBE in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours List.
Teaching commitments
For the last few years Nigel has combined teaching duties at the RCS with a multitude of engagements conducting bands, youth orchestras and ensembles of every variance, giving him a strong repertoire in several mediums. Appointments in the wind band world have included Chief Conductor KNMM, NYWES as well as guest appearances worldwide. From this background there has been a natural progression towards adjudicating and examining, for example in New Zealand, Australia, throughout Europe, plus the four corners of the U.K.
n.boddice@rcs.ac.uk
Plug 10: MusicLab
Boddice, N. & Johnstone, P., 12 May 2017
Research output: Performances, compositions and other non-textual forms › Performance
RCS Wind Orchestra: Concerto Concert
Boddice, N. & O'Keeffe, M., 2 Mar 2017
Brass & Organ Concert
Hamilton, D., Bousfield, I., Boddice, N. & Logan, J., 3 Feb 2017
View all (27) »
Latest Press & Media
Classics Unwrapped [Session featuring Scottish brass band champions the Cooperative Funeralcare Band]
Stephen Broad & Nigel Boddice
1 Media contribution
View all () »


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Streams of Consciousness
The Gloom-and-Doom Disease: Should Woody Allens Have a Home in the Manual of Mental Illness?
By Ingrid Wickelgren on May 10, 2012
Part 4 of a series
Depression and anxiety are like a pair of warring siblings. Both are disruptive and trying. They don't want each other's company, but are stuck together by virtue of the same parentage. Depression, after all, is often a product of rumination, the grating mental do-overs of ugly past events, usually with no solution in sight. Anxiety is the brainchild of too much forecasting of doom. Both seem to emerge from the sort of person who is stuck so securely in his mental time machine that he has no idea the roses are even there. Forget about stopping to smell them.
Psychologists tend to link the depressed and the anxious by personality. Both groups share the trait of "negative emotionality," the propensity to harbor bad feelings such as anger and anxiety. (In contrast to those with depression, though, those with textbook anxiety spike their dourness with a dollop of wellbeing, energy, closeness to others, and the like.) And of course, the two temperaments feed each other. If your future is so terrible, what's not to be depressed about? Conversely, if you rake over the past enough, you'll undoubtedly unearth a goof that is sure to destroy your prospects. For all these reasons, not to mention shared genetic risk factors, lots of people who are depressed are also anxious—and vice versa.
Yet these practically conjoined twins of psychological distress have long been separated in psychiatrists' diagnostic bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), currently in its fourth incarnation. A depressed person is someone who feels overwhelmingly sad and worthless, the DSM says, and who can no longer enjoy activities they used to like. They may also have thoughts of death or suicide. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)—to pick one of the many certified forms of fretting—involves excessive, and at least somewhat debilitating, anxiety and worry about more than one part of your life that you experience on most days for six months or more.
But what about all those ruminators who can't help forecasting future doom—and yet don't qualify as officially depressed or pathologically anxious? Currently, as of the DSM-IV, these folks remain in a kind of diagnostic limbo. Their pending label, "mixed anxiety-depressive disorder" is in the book's appendix, a place for proposed ailments in need of further study. Accumulating data suggest that these people are numerous. In the United Kingdom, national surveys suggest that 8.8 percent of the population would qualify for mixed anxiety and depression as defined by the World Health Organization's compendium of diseases—the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). By comparison, fewer people—only 7.7 percent—satisfied diagnostic criteria for major depression, GAD or a combination.
Many of the 8.8 percent are more than moderately miserable. Studies show that the impact of this cocktail of sadness and worry on quality of life is similar to that for anxiety disorders: 12 percent of sufferers, for example, have reported suicide attempts and the disorder accounted for 20 percent of all disability days in the United Kingdom. So these folks do seem to need help.
As a result of such findings, the framers of the DSM-5 originally proposed to move "mixed anxiety/depression" (with its slightly altered name) up to an official diagnosis, meaning insurance would reimburse you for treatment (which, drug-wise, is likely to be Prozac and its ilk). The proposed criteria for the new disorder included having three or four of the symptoms of major depression along with anxious distress. The latter required having two or more of the following issues: feeling nervous & anxious, inability to control worrying, having difficulty relaxing, being so restless it is hard to keep still, and fearing that something awful might happen. These problems must have plagued you for at least two weeks and must have caused "marked distress or significant impairment." "Mood and anxiety disorders blur together," says Scott Lilienfeld, a psychologist at Emory University. "This was an admission that they can't be separated in any clean, neat way."
And in this respect, the mixed disorder makes a great deal of sense. And yet as of last Thursday, the DSM-5's framers seemed to take it all back. They reversed their initial push to promote this ailment to the body of the diagnostic bible. The criteria for mixed anxiety/depression were a bit vague and elastic, critics contended. The naysayers fretted that scads of mild chronic worriers—the Woody Allens of the world—would fall into it, their hypochondria ironically legitimized. The proliferation of false positives is a problem with the new DSM in general, some argue. "They are going to be diagnosing almost everybody," Lilienfeld quips. Taking back the proposed mixed anxiety/depression diagnosis was one attempt to cut back on the number of newly mentally ill.
Of course, these critics could have been among the masses eligible for the proposed-now-nixed label, worriers that they are. But let's give them some credit. Maybe they think they're fine. And maybe they are.
Yesterday: Edward Shorter, a historian of psychiatry at the University of Toronto, argued that the principal diagnoses of the DSM—depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—are artifacts and should essentially be discarded.
Tomorrow: Allen Frances, the chief framer of the DSM-IV, tells us why we lack biological tests for mental illness and how that deficiency hurts diagnosis.
Ingrid Wickelgren
Ingrid Wickelgren is managing editor of Spectrum News, an editorially independent division of the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative.
Blood Test Tells How Long Concussion Symptoms Will Last
Neuroscientists Break into the Brain to Expose Its Workings
Brilliance Often Springs from Boredom
Trouble at the Heart of Psychiatry s Revised Rule Book
By Ingrid Wickelgren on May 9, 2012
Why Are There No Biological Tests in Psychiatry?


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AIRLINE STAFF STRIKES AGGRAVATE SUPPLY CHAIN CRISIS IN EUROPE
Airline Staff Strikes Deepen Supply Chain Crisis in Europe
Strikes and staff shortages forced airlines in Europe to cancel thousands of flights at major airports in the summer.
Labor crunch, rising fuel prices and smaller fleets have also pushed up travel costs.
Some airports have agreed to pay ground staffers extra pay per hour during peak seasons.
October 31, 2022 | Market Intelligence Blogs
After sweeping job and pay cuts when COVID-19 brought air travel to a grinding halt, staffers across the airline industry — from pilots to baggage handlers — are asking for large pay increases and better working conditions amid record inflation.
The lack of pilots has also led airlines to cancel or delay many flights. As a result, thousands of passengers have been forced to wait in nightmare queues.
Why are Airlines Struggling
A root cause of this chaos is understaffing, and this issue has been made worse by the fact that security clearances for new workers can take six to eight weeks. This has escalated the problem and increased the chaos in the already understaffed European airline industry.
European flights faced widespread disruption as a strike by French air traffic controllers forced airlines to cancel half of those scheduled to arrive or depart Paris airports and others due to having flown over France in September.
Ryanair's Spanish cabin crew union members plan to strike from Monday to Thursday every week until Jan. 7, 2023, to press for higher pay and better working conditions.
Lufthansa and its pilots' union reached a deal in a wage dispute in September averting a second strike after the first one forced the cancellation of hundreds of flights.
European airlines including Lufthansa, British Airways, EasyJet, KLM, and Wizz Air cut thousands of flights from their summer schedules to try and ease disruption, while major airports including London's Heathrow and Amsterdam's Schiphol extended caps on passenger numbers into autumn.
Schiphol has decided to reduce daily passenger numbers by 18% until at least October 31 due to labor shortages, mainly in security staff. This was expected to cut average passenger numbers through the airport to 54,500 a day for the rest of September and to 57,000 in October.
British Airways has decided to make further cancellations up to the end of October after the airport extended its cap on passenger departures. It will also reduce its winter schedule by 8%, impacting around 10,000 flights.
Airlines' problems have pushed up the prices of travel. Fuel prices are rising, staffing problems are increasing, and aircraft fleets are getting smaller. More people are taking flights, but airlines are struggling to keep up.
Airport security company ICTS, which operates at Paris' Charles de Gaulle, offered a one-off 180 euro bonus to those delaying their vacation until after Sept. 15 and 150 euros for staff who sign up new recruits, a CGT union representative said.
Some of the major airports such as Schiphol agreed to pay 15,000 cleaners, baggage handlers, and security staff 5.25 euros extra per hour during the summer. It needed to hire 500 security staff after beginning the season with around 10,000 fewer workers than before the pandemic.
Impact on Supply Chain and Procurement
Supply chain and procurement activities in the region have been severely hampered by these disruptions in the European aviation market, which have also impacted transatlantic belly capacity and air freight rates. While the demand for procurement increased over the summer, it was constrained by the sector's ability to handle the rapid development as well as the effects of the war in Ukraine.
A scarcity of drivers has already affected road transportation in Europe. Additionally, freight flows through ships were disrupted by the distinct port jams brought on by related labor strikes. Airlines were being considered as an alternative to other forms of transportation by industry participants. However, the turmoil in the airline industry has compounded the problems of procurement.
Many airlines, including FedEx, have decided to take preventive action to align themselves with rising prices and declining demand. Air cargo shipments are a key component of procurement, but industry restrictions have a significant impact on the procurement manager's ability to make decisions. In the current scenario, various category managers are avoiding making long-term commitments due to uncertainty in the market.
Author: Subodh Kapadnis
businesstravelnewseurope.com/Air-Travel/Europes-aviation-recovery-reaches-critical-juncture
trend-online.com/world-news/travel-chaos-europe/
euronews.com/travel/2022/09/20/france-travel-the-exact-dates-to-avoid-flights-as-strike-dates-announced
washingtonpost.com/travel/2022/09/16/france-strikes-flights-queen-funeral/
bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-07/europe-s-aviation-crisis-spurred-by-exodus-of-younger-workers
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Let's take a walk on the wild side and say that Jesus giving his disciples the Christian faith is kind of like Jesus giving each of his disciples a brand new Batmobile. That's right, a jet-black, megacool, ridiculously powerful supercar just like Batman had in all of his movies, but with even more amazing high-tech gadgets and capabilities. Except this Batmobile can go anywhere—up a mountain, across the desert, heck it can even convert into boat mode and drive over the Sea of Galilee. It has no need for expensive gas, it runs on Christ's grace, baby! And do you remember how in the second Batman movie, with the push of a button the car could convert and become super skinny to squeeze through alleyways and stuff? Well, this Batmobile is even more amazing… with the push of a button, the entire car splits in half and miraculously duplicates itself! One moment, you could have the only Batmobile in town, and minutes later the whole neighborhood could be cruising up and down the street in their own brand new ride! Pretty sweet, huh?
And so, as he was about to return to his Father in heaven, Jesus commanded the Apostles to go out and make disciples of all nations, giving the Batmobile to as many people as they possibly could. And that's exactly what they did. They began in Jerusalem, sharing the Batmobile with over three thousand people in one day (beat that, General Motors!), and soon people throughout Israel and even throughout the entire Mediterranean were driving it around! And it has been passed down intact from generation to generation until the present day. Sure, over the centuries its external appearance has changed a little bit, and we have gradually come to a deeper understanding of certain aspects of it, but the Batmobile we're driving around today is still the same exact one that St. Peter and St. Paul and all the apostles were driving around 2000 years ago. Jesus is still working through it, helping us to zip down the road to eternal life by knowing, loving, and serving God.
Because that's the purpose of the Batmobile: to help us down the "Highway to Eternity" by knowing, loving, and serving God, so that one day we can experience the joy of heaven. Jesus knew that the Highway to Eternity is a difficult road, filled with obstacles and dangers and enemies that can cause us to forever lose our way, so in designing the Batmobile he spared no expense! He gave it a special GPS guidance system to guide and direct us along the right path (Christ's guidance through the leaders of the Church). He installed bulletproof armor that strengthens us against the attacks of our enemies (the sacramental grace of Baptism and Confirmation), a built-in mini-fridge that nourishes us along the journey (the Eucharist), state-of-the-art first-aid technology that heals us when we are hurt (Confession and Anointing of the Sick), and countless other features to help us on our journey to heaven. Jesus wants everyone to have these awesome gifts, but he does not force the Batmobile upon anyone.
We might ask, what does that mean about the other religions—Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, etc? Well, if Christianity is like the Batmobile, then Judaism is, say, like traveling down the Highway to Eternity in a horse-drawn buggy (they're still waiting on the engine!) And the other religions, they would be something like riding on a camel or a bicycle or walking on foot. God is all-powerful and can help a person to know, love, and serve Him even in these circumstances, but it is going to be a much more difficult and treacherous journey for them than if they had the Batmobile. He wants them all to have that gift, because it is only in Christianity that they will have the fullest and deepest experience of His fatherly love and care. That is why we are called as Christians to evangelize by word and deed, to help the entire world come to know Jesus Christ. We want every single person on earth to experience the joy of knowing Christ and becoming an adopted child of God!
And what about the other Christian groups around us—the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Methodists, Baptists, and all the rest? Where are they along the Highway to Eternity? Basically what happened is that five hundred years ago, a monk named Martin Luther and several other leaders each started churches that broke away from the Catholic Church and its fifteen-hundred-year-old faith. With the very best of intentions, believing that they were restoring the Church to how God meant it to be, they each decided that they wanted the Batmobile their own way. They decided that they didn't need its GPS guidance system, they got rid of the bulletproof armor, they tossed out the mini-fridge and the first-aid, and so on with many of the things that make the Batmobile so cool.
In other words, with all the best of intentions, the Protestant Reformers turned the Batmobile into a Ford Taurus or a Kia Sophia! The engine, Jesus Christ, is still intact, so they can still travel down the Highway to Eternity pretty darn well (much better than any camel or bicycle!) But nonetheless, God still wants them to have all of the gifts that He gave his apostles two thousand years ago! He doesn't just want them driving a Taurus or a Sophia, as nice as they are, He wants them to be enjoying the Batmobile! That is why we are called, as Catholic Christians, to evangelize not only non-Christians but even our non-Catholic brothers and sisters in Christ. It's not that they don't know and love Jesus, it's simply that we want them to experience the fullness of the Christian faith, all the gifts that God wants to give them through his holy Church!
« Is heaven on earth boring?


A comprehensive, integrated study on "Learning landscapes: needs and opportunities in the wine sector" has been delivered: click here to download!
The report, based on desk and field research, laying down the European and national state-of-the-art in the wine sector, analysing related practices from an academia-business cooperation perspective, mapping learning needs and provisions and putting forward recommendations for enhancing university-business cooperation in the wine sector across countries and at EU level. Also on that basis, learning and training material will be developed and a number of engaging activities will be organised to promote cooperation and innovation in the field.
Learning and training material will be developed in open source formats and online learning environment to be integrated in university curricula and wine hubs and tested in innovative formats that promote sharing of knowledge and experiential learning.
Mobility and placement of students will be put in place, including necessary guidelines and tools, to establish factual and constructive relations, facilitate dialogue between academia and business in the wine sector and engage stakeholders for common reflections on improvements, development lines, definition of competences and learning needs, etc..


One girl made a blog how do we look without a makeup and she asked us to post some pics, so here it is! :O Me without make up :P Hopefully i don't look too different xD I hate when girls put kilo makeup on the beach! Who does that common?! Nothing is worst then being a makeup addict..
Long beach with great sand and muddy sea..
Such a lovely summer pics!!! You have great figure!


Will Leah Officially Move In With Her Teen Mom 2 Beau?
Leah has said that her relationship with boyfriend Jason is "different" than it was with her exes -- and now it's getting pretty serious too. On tonight's Teen Mom 2 installment, Leah revealed that she and her daughters moved into Jason's house with him -- but not officially.
Why? Leah and her mini-mes relocated since their house was getting repaired after a flood. And though the mom of three insisted this wasn't a full cohabitating situation, even her offspring weren't convinced.
"We live at Jason's house," Aleeah said on their way to pick up some belongings from their home.
Later, while shopping for the twins' birthday party decorations—and yes, Leah's new roommate was helping her plan the party—Leah's sister Victoria asked if the move was official. Leah said no but that she was happy about the living arrangements.
We'd say the future is looking bright -- but what do you think of Leah and her girls living with Jason? And will they make the arrangement official? Share your thoughts, then keep watching Teen Mom 2 Mondays at 9/8c for more.


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Kendrick Lamar's DAMN.- The Lyrics We Love
6 years ago 6 years ago Lessons From Happy HourMusic, Opinionalbum, hip hop, kendrick, kendrick lamar, lamar, lyrics, Music, rap, Rihanna, u2, zacari
When you consider all of the emotions and themes touched upon throughout the course of Kendrick Lamar's latest album, DAMN. would appear to be the perfect title. While it's not quite...
Get Me Through The Week: Songs You Have to Hear
7 years ago Lessons From Happy HourMusicAriana Grande, beyonce, gallant, hip hop, indie, jmsn, kirby lauryen, Music, new, playlist, r&b, raury, Rihanna, vocals
As I've mentioned in a previous post in this series, music can really take me on a journey. Every week a few new songs (even some old ones) encapsulate all...
Kendrick Lamar's Verse on Big Sean's "Control" : A Revival of Hip Hop?
9 years ago 9 years ago Lessons From Happy HourLESSONS, Music, OpinionA$AP ROCKY, Big K.R.I.T., big sean, Control, drake, Eminem, hip hop, indre 3000, J.Cole, Jay Electronica, jay-z, kendrick lamar, Mac Miller, meek mill, Nas, new music, Pusha T, tyler the creator, wale
If you ever you thought Hip Hop was dead, Kendrick Lamar may have single-handedly revived it with his verse on Big Sean's "Control" (which also features Jay Electronica and was...
The Inevitable: Yeezus vs Born Sinner
10 years ago 10 years ago Lessons From Happy HourLESSONS, Music, Opinion, Reviewsborn sinner, competition, hip hop, J.Cole, kanye west, Music, new, rap, review, yeesuz
It's inevitable. With two major hip-hop releases dropping today, comparisons of the work is well–again, inevitable. The contenders in this round's showdown is a veteran of sorts versus a relatively...
A$AP Rocky rewrites the rules of Hip-Hop as he covers L'Uomo Vogue
10 years ago 10 years ago Lessons From Happy HourCelebrity News, Fashion, LESSONS, Music, UncategorizedA$AP ROCKY, Fashion, hip hop, Music, Vogue
A$AP Rocky isn't only one of Hip-Hop's best rookies with a #1 debut album, but he is also a fashion god of this new era of Hip-Hop. He has recently...
Two Guys Episode 03
Lessons from Childhood: How Structural Racism Impacts Our Upbringing
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30 Things I'm Thankful for as I've Entered 30
Lessons from Adulthood: Home Ownership
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All GREENFIELD LAKES PARCEL 8 homes currently listed for sale in Gilbert as of 04/19/2019 are shown below. You can change the search criteria at any time by pressing the 'Change Search' button below.
"Live like Royalty in this gorgeous Luxury Custom 5 bedroom bedroom, 5.5 bath home on an acre in Greenfield Lakes Golf Course, 8180 sq ft under-roof. Features: 10 ft Iron door, 14 ft high ceilings. Open floor plan, Retractable Glass wall opening into Atrium, Chef's Kitchen w/gas stove/grill , Dual Convection ovens, 10 ft Island, Dual sinks, Hardwood Cabinets and Doors thru out, Butlers Pantry, Theater, Game room w/wet bar, Formal dining, Travertine floors, Split Master Suite w/Jacuzzi Tub, Sho"


Our General English portfolio offer a wide range of General English, Cambridge exam preparation courses and value-added programmes designed to provide an interesting and enjoyable English language study experience.
Our General English courses aim to improve every aspect of your English so that you can communicate effectively with speakers from across the globe.
Our approach is to provide a stimulating and highly interactive environment in which you can develop your language skills. Lesson content concentrates on speaking, listening, reading and writing skills, as well as grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Every week you will work on developing and improving all language skill areas, with a focus on active communication in real life situations.
Our Parents and Children courses allow parents to choose from a variety of English language courses, whilst their child/children participate(s) in one of our Choices International residential Summer Camps, which also include English classes and specialised sports.
While children enjoy one of our residential Choices International Junior programmes, the adult programmes consist of an English language course, which can be fully personalized to fit your needs. Come to explore and enjoy your time in this vibrant and exciting city!
A stimulating and purposeful course to refresh and improve your English, combining it with golf, tennis or cultural activities. This is an exciting alternative to study an English course and to play golf or tennis in Manchester.
We have a comprehensive selection of excursions and social, cultural and leisure activities, carefully-designed to meet the needs and interests of our mature students. With our extensive range of English language programmes, you can choose the one that suits you best.
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