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The heritage dissent
Faisal SiddiqiJanuary 01, 2018
The writer is a lawyer.
"WE will probably be judged not by the monuments we build but by those we have destroyed."
— Ada Huxtable, architecture critic
LAHORE is really the only liveable city in Pakistan. Pakistanis do not dream of turning our cities into London, New York or Prague but making them like Lahore, which is a realistic goal. At the heart of Lahore's attraction is its heritage signified by its historic monuments. Therefore, to damage its heritage is to damage Lahore, and to damage Lahore is to shatter the dreams of Pakistanis like me.
The twin goals of heritage and development came up for adjudication first before the Lahore High Court and then the Supreme Court in the form of the potentially impairing impact of Lahore's Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT) project on 11 sites comprising old monuments and special historic premises.
Majority; impatient pragmatism: Four out of the five judges of the Supreme Court bench, through their judgement of Dec 8, upheld the NOCs/permission letters in favour of the metro train project, set aside the Lahore High Court judgement of Aug 19, 2016 (which had set aside these NOCs), and allowed the construction to continue, subject to certain conditions.
Firstly, in the battle of competing interests between heritage and development, the majority was more inclined towards development as the Supreme Court held that "whatever set-up we may have today and whatever odds we may come across, the project of the Orange Line Metro Train … has to be launched and completed". It went further in calling criticism against the project "paranoid" and "nothing but creating a storm in a teacup".
Dissent, as in the metro train project, is a constitutional conversation with a future court.
Secondly, on the suggestion that in order to eliminate the adverse impact on heritage, the metro train project could be realigned or its route changed, the Supreme Court held that although "known or conventionally recognised standards of protecting the monuments cannot be adhered to without realigning the road and the track ... we cannot pursue the ideal or what ought to have been". In short, alternatives like realignment are not financially feasible nor practically workable, without the court really examining in detail why the alternatives are impractical.
Thirdly, experts from the government's side like the engineering company Nespak or linked to the government like Dr Uppal and Dr Ayesha Pamela or suggested by the government like M/s TYPSA, were believed completely; the court said their opinions and conclusions were never rebutted or challenged in any material way. However, it did not examine the stringent critiques of these expert reports by dissenting Supreme Court Justice Maqbool Baqar, and Lahore High Court Justice Shahid Karim.
Fourthly, there is unsubstantiated trust in the government as the Supreme Court holds that "we have no reason to disbelieve or doubt the intention of the appellants [government] and their bona fides to undertake work on the project without taking undue risk of causing damage or deterioration to a protected or special premises", despite the overwhelming evidence that the process of approval of the NOC by the director general, archaeology, and the government were riddled with mala fides and gross illegalities, as minutely documented in the Lahore High Court judgements of Justice Abid Aziz and Justice Shahid Karim.
Fifthly, preferring local over international experts, the Supreme Court held that the petitioner/citizens "see heal-all in the arrival of the experts from Unesco ... what in the prevailing state of things would be sane, sound and sensible could be decided by the local experts". One wonders, how Unesco, or other heritage experts, will view such statements.
Sixthly, construction is allowed of the metro train project subject to conditions. Most of these conditions are nothing new but are already contained in the government NOC and expert reports with the notable exception that a special committee of experts, chaired by a retired Supreme Court judge, is to be set up to ensure the implementation of these conditions.
Minority; realistic ideals: A judge who is largely responsible for the largest distribution of compensation in Pakistan's legal history to the victims of Karachi's 2012 Baldia factory fire, and a judge who survived a bomb attack by the TTP in 2013, is the Supreme Court justice who has written a powerful dissent in the metro train case. Justice Baqar's dissent is precise and comprehensive.
Firstly, he notes that "it is nobody's case that the OLMT project be scrapped. All that is required is to ensure that no harm to the monuments is caused". Justice Shahid Karim explained this heritage prioritisation by holding that "the public interest in preserving the monuments far outweighs the interest of persons who shall stand to derive the benefit of travel on Orange-Line Metro rail".
Secondly, the metro train project has been only temporarily stopped by directions that a new heritage impact assessment of the project be carried out with the review of independent experts like Unesco; and later, the DG archaeology or the government will decide regarding the issuance of an NOC "with an endeavour to find practicable and viable solutions ... so that the project may be completed as early as possible". This is no radical judicial activism but findings that are quite reasonably practical. The key difference between the majority and minority judgements is the need for independent credible assessment.
Power of dissent: "A dissent in a court of last resort … is an appeal ... to the intelligence of a future day, when a later decision may possibly correct the error into which the dissenting judge believes the court to have betrayed" is how justice Khanna described the importance of dissent in the dark days of the emergency in India (1976). Whether it was justice Atkins in the Liversidge case (1941) or the dissents of justice Harlan or justice Shafi-ur-Rahman in the Zaheeruddin case/Ahmadiya case (1993) or the three dissenting judges in the Bhutto murder case (1979), dissents, like Justice Baqar's dissent, are primarily about courage of conviction and a constitutional conversation with a future court.
So, in a nutshell, this majority/minority divide is about judicial approaches, which Lord Atkin explained in his dissent when he held that "I view with apprehension the attitude of judges who … show themselves more executive-minded than the executive".
Now, only the verdict of judicial history in Lahore is awaited.
Published in Dawn, January 1st, 2018
Jalaluddin S. Hussain
The learned lawyer's views makes a lot of sense. There need to be struck a fine balance between the Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT) Project and preservation of memorable monuments in Lahore. Let the Supreme Court decide!
Shakaib Qureshi
What an incisive piece of writing,
u r one of the reasons i read DAWN
This reminds one the Tower of Pisa, leaning against gravity but still standing. Why? B/c some there do care for their heritage. But where the mindset is make money now b/c there is no tomorrow, what chance any heritage stands. Even the proverbial saying, another heritage: 'one who has not visited Lahore, is yet to be born' is at the brink of losing its power. Thanks to unbridled 'development' which is nothing more than a game of money making. As to the maintenance of the new structure and fleet of runners, it is yet another mega question or it may prove a source of income for next generations of developers, i.e., if someone be prepared to advance debts.
When cancer has spread throughout the body, to expect that some segment will remain immune from the consequences is wishful thinking. We are living in the 21st century when building underground train systems is at least 150 years old technology. Just think of the tunnel built under the English channel or underground subways in hundreds of cities all over the world. The Moscow subway was built in 1930'. Boston underground tunnel to lower the elevated highway that used to run through the heart of the city - just like the way Orange train is being built in Lahore - into the ground under a huge cosmopolitan city with skyscrapers galore through ground recovered from the sea hundred years ago and saturated with sea water. They had to freeze the ground while construction was going on. That the justices cannot see the monstrosity of the Orange line project is a sad state of affairs. They are unfortunately a part of the system and so one should not expect any better from them.


Orda, Ulrich, Gunnarsson, Ronny, Orda, Sabine, Fitzgerald, Mark, Rofe, Geoff, and Dargan, Anna (2016) Etiologic predictive value of a rapid immunoassay for the detection of group A Streptococcus antigen from throat swabs in patients presenting with a sore throat. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 45. pp. 32-35.
Orda, Ulrich, Mitra, Biswadev, Orda, Sabine, Fitzgerald, Mark, Gunnarsson, Ronny, Rofe, Geoff, and Dargan, Anna (2016) Point of care testing for group A streptococci in patients presenting with pharyngitis will improve appropriate antibiotic prescription. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 28 (2). pp. 199-204.
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Press Release: Washington STEM Teams with Bank of America to Strengthen STEM Career Pathways
Washington STEM is pleased to announce a partnership with Bank of America.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: December 7, 2021
Migee Han, Washington STEM, 206.658.4342, migee@washingtonstem.org
Britney Sheehan, Bank of America, 425.466.0378, britney.w.sheehan@bofa.com
Washington STEM Teams Up with Bank of America to Strengthen STEM Career Pathways for Underrepresented Students
SPOKANE, Wash. – Statewide nonprofit, Washington STEM, announced today that it has received a grant from Bank of America to increase access to STEM skills and pathways to postsecondary credentials for students in the Spokane region and across Washington state.
Washington's students need access to STEM learning and postsecondary credentials to ensure they have the skills they need to succeed in high-demand careers and thrive in Washington's economy. Bank of America made a $100,000 grant to help deepen efforts underway in the Spokane region, and around the state, to ensure all students have access to these skills—with a focus on rural students, students of color, girls and young women, and students from low-income communities— those historically underserved and underrepresented in the state's growing STEM fields.
The data show that a strong cradle-to-career STEM education prepares students for high-demand, better-paying jobs. Washington state ranks among the top states in the nation in the concentration of STEM jobs with opportunities increasing rapidly. By 2030, more than 70% of these well-paying jobs will require education beyond high school in the form of a 2- or 4-year degree or certificate and 68% will require STEM credentials or literacy. Support from Bank of America helps deepen Washington STEM's efforts, and work with local partners like Spokane STEM, to ensure there is equitable access to these skills and pathways.
"Washington STEM's commitment to advancing excellence, innovation and equity in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education for Washington students is critical for our students in Spokane and around the state," said Kurt Walsdorf, President, Bank of America Spokane. "A career in STEM begins with access and a clear pathway to success, especially in our under-resourced communities. Bank of America's grant is one way we are working with area nonprofits to create more inclusivity and greater economic mobility."
Students on a strong career pathway leads to family-wage careers that help create economic stability and an opportunity to fully participate in our shared community. Bank of America's partnership with Washington STEM will help strengthen the bridge that helps put students on the pathway to a postsecondary credential and a future that is self-determining and rich with opportunity. For many years, Bank of America has worked with nonprofit organizations, and other leaders across public and private sectors, in Spokane to help drive economic mobility and this influx of funding will help more students access the skills and postsecondary degrees that will help achieve that.
"Bank of America is recognized for making strategic investments in talent development to help businesses thrive while building economic mobility for all students. Washington STEM is excited to partner with BofA to impact opportunities for Washington students— especially students of color, low-income students, rural communities and women and girls across the state," said Dr. Christine Johnson, Chancellor, Community Colleges of Spokane and Washington STEM board member.
Washington STEM works with business, education, and community leaders through ten regional STEM Networks across the state that collectively impact more than one million students from preschool through postsecondary education. Support from Bank of America allows Washington STEM to sustain and expand efforts to focus on scalable solutions that create maximum impact for Washington's students.
"Partnerships with employers are essential for exposing young people to the variety of education and training pathways, industries and jobs in their communities and throughout the world. Bank of America's investment helps ensure access and supports for underrepresented students to pursue pathways to family-wage jobs and long-term economic security," said Alisha Benson, CEO, Greater Spokane Incorporated.
About Washington STEM
Washington STEM is a statewide, education nonprofit leveraging STEM for social change, removing barriers to credential attainment, and creating pathways to long-term economic security for historically excluded students. In our state STEM is at the forefront of discovery, on the frontlines of creative 21st century problem-solving, and serves as one of the largest pathways to family-wage careers and long-term economic security. STEM pathways have promise like few others in Washington and it is imperative that Black, Brown, and Indigenous students, rural students, students growing up in poverty, and girls have access. Washington STEM is working to ensure that all students have equal opportunity to benefit from the transformational possibilities that STEM has to offer. For more information, go to www.washingtonstem.org. You can connect with us on Twitter (@washingtonstem) and via Facebook and LinkedIn.
About Bank of America
At Bank of America, we're guided by a common purpose to help make financial lives better, through the power of every connection. We're delivering on this through responsible growth with a focus on our environmental, social and governance (ESG) leadership. ESG is embedded across our eight lines of business and reflects how we help fuel the global economy, build trust and credibility, and represent a company that people want to work for, invest in and do business with. It's demonstrated in the inclusive and supportive workplace we create for our employees, the responsible products and services we offer our clients, and the impact we make around the world in helping local economies thrive. An important part of this work is forming strong partnerships with nonprofits and advocacy groups, such as community, consumer and environmental organizations, to bring together our collective networks and expertise to achieve greater impact. Learn more at about.bankofamerica.com and connect with us on Twitter (@BofA_News). For more Bank of America news, including dividend announcements and other important information, visit the Bank of America newsroom. Click here to register for news email alerts. www.bankofamerica.com
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Home >> Tribeca Enterprises
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2012 Tribeca Film Festival Circuit Coverage
By Maria Esteves – June 26, 2012 The 11th Annual 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF 2012) presented by founding partner American Express commenced April 18 - 29, 2012 in New York. This year's festival showcased 106 features, 60 shorts, and 88 premieres including panel discussions, special events, online screenings, real time video streaming, free events (Tribeca Drive-In, Family Festival Street Fair, Tribeca/ESPN Sports Day, Tribeca Soccer Day), filmmakers, and industry parties. The opening ...
26.06.2012 | Aviva Press's blog
Interview with TRIBECA director Geoff Gilmore
Geoffrey Gilmore joined Tribeca Enterprises in 2009 as Chief Creative Officer. He is responsible for Tribeca's global content strategy and leads creative development initiatives and expansion of the brand. He was before in charge of the Sundance Film Festival. Under his direction the Tribeca Film Festival has become the most important market oriented U.S. film festival serving commercial and artistic interests. Running from April 18 and through April 29, 2012 the Festival pro...
2012 Tribeca Film Festival Opening Press Conference Coverage
By Maria Esteves – April 19, 2012 The 11th Annual 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF 2012) presented by founding partner American Express Opening Day Press Conference Breakfast was held at the 92Y Tribeca, New York, Wednesday, April 18, 10:00 AM. TFF speakers who officially opened the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival included Chief Creative Officer Geoffrey Gilmore, Tribeca Enterprises; artistic director Frederic Boyer, and director of programming Genna Terranova, moderated by executive director Nan...
By Maria Esteves – April 19, 2012 The 11th Annual 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF 2012) presented by founding partner American Express Opening Day Press Conference Breakfast was held at the 92Y Tribeca, New York, Wednesday, April 18, 10:00 AM. TFF speakers who officially opened the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival included Chief Creative Officer Geoffrey Gilmore, Tribeca Enterprises; artistic director Frederic Boyer, and director of programming Genna Terranova, moderated by ex...
19.04.2012 | Tribeca Film Festival's blog
Tribeca Film Institute's Interactive Day on April 23
Tribeca Film Institute's Interactive Day on April 23 to Feature Thought Leaders from Across Media, Technology and Education; Slate Features Keynote from Bartunde Thurson and Speakers from The New York Times, IDEO, Games for Change, Plus Interactive Case Study of HBO's Game of Thrones Tribeca (Online) Film Festival Expands Future of Film Blog Into Live Lunch Series at 92Y Tribeca With Guests Including Paranormal Activity Producer Jason Blum, Tumblr Founder David Karp, College Humor F...
2012 Tribeca Drive-In, Family Festival Street Fair announced
The 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF), presented by Founding Sponsor American Express, today announced the return of its signature free community events: the Tribeca Drive-In (April 19-21), Family Festival Street Fair (April 28), Tribeca/ESPN Sports Day (April 28) and the second annual Tribeca/NYFEST Soccer Day (April 21). The Festival also announced the three film titles that will be screened at the Tribeca Drive-In, co-sponsored by JetBlue and Time Warner Cable, hosted b...
Four Titles from 2012 Tribeca Film Festival will be available via Video-On-Demand nationwide
Tribeca Film today announced that it will release THE GIANT MECHANICAL MAN, DEATH OF A SUPERHERO, and SLEEPLESS NIGHT nationwide via video-on-demand during the Tribeca Film Festival, which runs April 18-29. The films are each an official selection of the Festival and feature notable actors such as Jenna Fischer, Topher Grace, Malin Akerman, Tomer Sisley, Andy Serkis and Thomas Brodie-Sangster. Tribeca Film also announced it has acquired North American rights to BOOKER'S...
2012 Tribeca Film Festival Announces World Narrative And Documentary Competition Selections Plus Out-Of-Competition Viewpoints
The 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF), presented by American Express®, today announced the World Narrative and Documentary Competition film selections, along with selections for the out-of-competition Viewpoints section—the program established last year that highlights personal stories in international and independent cinema. Forty-six of the 90 feature-length films were announced. The 11th edition of the Festival will take place from April 18 to April 29 at locations around New York City. ...
John Cooper: Indie Innovator
It is probably safe to say that John Cooper, the Director of the Sundance Film Festival, dreams in 24 frames per second. He has said in various interviews over the years that film has been part of his DNA going way back to childhood, although his first immersion in the arts was in live theater, ranging from performance to design. He spent the obligatory years in New York City, the center of live performing arts, but in 1989, by chance (or fate), he volunteered at the Sundance Institute...
26.01.2012 | Sundance's blog
Frederic Boyer Joins Tribeca as new Artistic Director
The Tribeca Film Festival (TFF) announced today that Frederic Boyer, a veteran executive who most recently ran the Directors' Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival, has been named Artistic Director of TFF. Boyer will report to Nancy Schafer, Executive Director of TFF, and Geoff Gilmore, Chief Creative Officer of Tribeca Enterprises. Gilmore will take on a more active role in overseeing the Festival program, while maintaining his existing responsibilities across Tri...
Frederic Boyer (former Cannes Director's Fortnight) joins Tribeca
Veteran Leader of Cannes Film Festival's Directors' Fortnight ArrivesAs TFF Starts Preparations For Its 11th Edition in April 2012The Tribeca Film Festival (TFF) announced today that Frederic Boyer, a veteran executive who most recently ran the Directors' Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival, has been named Artistic Director of TFF.Boyer will report to Nancy Schafer, Executive Director of TFF, and Geoff Gilmore, Chief Creative Officer of Tribeca Enterprises. Gilmore will take on a more ac...
International Film Festival Summit kicked off, packed room and creative sharing...Day 1
9:30 - 9:45 am Opening Remarks by Bryan Lhuillier Founder & Chief Product Officer Shiftboard, Inc. 9:45 - 10:45 am Panel "In the Trenches: Festival war stories" This panel will provide a curated discussion of the best and worst of festival war stories. Panelists and the audience will share stories from decades of dealing with filmmakers, sponsors, and party crashers. (Names will be changed to protect the guilty and innocent) The spirit of this panel is meant to be a hi...
Bruno Chatelin will attend The Film Festival Summit in Austin (Dec 4/6) with a busy agenda
2011 Conference Agenda in Austin, Sunday December 4th, 2011 2:00 pm Registration and Exhibit Floor Opens 2:30 pm - 3:00 pm First-time IFFS Attendee Orientation 3:20 pm - 3:30 pm Welcoming Remarks & Introductions ...
Arab Film Competition Jury for Narrative Film at Third Annual DTFF
Acclaimed Syrian director Mohammed Malas will be joined by internationally renowned filmmakers and actors to form the Arab Film Competition Jury for Narrative Films at the third annual Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF). The news came as the Doha Film Institute (DFI) announced the jury for the inaugural DTFF Arab Documentary Film Competition, which will be led by pioneering and award-winning British documentary filmmaker Nick Broomfield (Kurt & Courtney, Battle for Haditha, Biggie & Tup...
22.10.2011 | Doha Tribeca Film Festival's blog
The panels at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival
The 2011 Tribeca Film Festival (TFF), presented by American Express®, today announced its lineup for the 2011 Special Events and Tribeca Talks® panel series. The component programs are "Tribeca Talks: After the Movie," "Tribeca Talks: Industry," "Tribeca Talks: Pen to Paper, hosted by Barnes & Noble," the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival panel, and new this year, in celebration of the tenth Festival, the "Tribeca Talks: Directors Series," featuring one-on-one conversations wit...
Doha Tribeca Film Festival 2010 Awards
Hawi won Best Arab Film and Balls picked up the award for Best Arab Filmmaker in recognition for its screenplay at the second Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF) which came to a dramatic end at the Closing Night Gala and open-air concert by superstar Ragheb Alama along the Arabian Gulf at Katara Cultural Village.The First Grader and Grandma, A Thousand Times won the Audience Awards for Best Narrative Film and Best Documentary Film. The prize for Best Arab Short Film went to Sirwar Zirkly's Missi...
Doha Tribeca Film Festival 2 (DTFF) kicked off
The second annual Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF) kicked off tonight to an excited crowd of thousands, with the Middle Eastern premiere of award-winning French-Algerian director Rachid Bouchareb's Outside the Law. H.E. Sheikh Jabor Bin Yousuf Al Thani, Doha Minister of Culture H.E. Dr. Hamad Bin Abdulazz Al Kuwari, Outside the Law director Rachid Bouchareb, producer Jean Brehat, and co-producer Tarak Ben Ammar, DFI Executive Director Amanda Palmer and managing director Maggie Kim, DFI progr...
Second Annual Doha Tribeca Film Festival Announces Lineup
During a press conference at the Villaggio Cineplex in Doha this morning, the Doha Film Institute (DFI) announced the Arab Film Competition, the first 30 titles in the World Panorama section, the Arab Short Film Competition and a Special Screening for the 2nd annual Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF). This year the Festival, which runs from 26-30 October, will present a rich showcase including 4 world premieres. Headlining the second edition is award-winning French-Algerian director Rachid Boucha...
Tribeca 2010: From Pipelines to Film Culture?
It belongs to our common sense perception that distribution and production technologies develop more rapidly than the content they cover and that great competence in technologies is not equivalent to the mastery of creative content. Knowing grammar and vocabulary or different types of filters and lenses is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for creative output. Over the last few years in virtually all related film festival seminars there have been discussions about the new distribution p...
c Over the last few years in virtually all related film festival seminars there have been discussions about the new distribution platforms which for some observers will revive independent productions whereas others consider the sky already fallen for Indies. Spirited defenses of the internet as an answer to independent woes have subsided given the negligible financial impact the internet has been having, not to speak of the catastrophic unmooring of the music industry. Yet, whether or not the...
Tribeca Film Festival Awards
The ninth annual Tribeca Film Festival, co-founded by Robert De Niro, Jane Rosenthal and Craig Hatkoff, and presented by founding sponsor American Express, announced the winners of its world competition categories tonight at a ceremony hosted at the W Union Square in New York City. The world competition winners for narrative and documentary films were chosen from 12 narrative and 12 documentary features from 20 countries. Two awards were given to honor New York films, which were chosen from sev...
A Film Festival For The 21st Century
The Tribeca Film Festival, which opens tomorrow evening, is just in its 9th year (a baby by the standards of such veterans as Cannes, Venice, San Francisco and other 50 plus film events). In under a decade, the Festival has made a strong impression, being one of the few that is looking to create a brand name that is instantly recognizable and represents a particular kind of film culture (think Cannes, think Sundance). The Sundance connection is especially relevant, with this year...
20.04.2010 | Tribeca Film Festival's blog | 1 comments
The Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF) sets dates for the second edition
The Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF) has announced that the second edition of the Festival will take place October 26 - October30, 2010 in Doha, Qatar. The second annual DTFF will build on the success of the inaugural Doha TribecaFilm Festival which showcased an internationally diverse and tightly curatedfilm program with a focus on Arab cinema, public participation through largecommunity events, and educational filmmaking programs. A priority of the 2010Festival will be to increase the Arab...
New York Showcase En Route To Sundance
A group of very lucky Russian filmmakers will have the double opportunity of impressing North American audiences and industry professionals via a unique program sponsored by CEC ArtsLink. The not-for-profit organization has partnered with the Sundance Film Festival to co-host a group of four independent Russian filmmakers in the US from January 20 to February 2. Their award-winning short films will have a North American premiere screening in New York. The filmmakers will then continu...
Doha Talks with Danny Boyle, Mira Neir and Ellia Suleiman
The inaugural Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF will run October 29 through November 1, 2009) has announced a new series of thought-provoking dialogues that will be held year round. As part of the organization's overall efforts to foster an active cinema culture, these talks, panels, conversations and master classes will be free of charge. Doha Talks will feature events with filmmakers including Mira Nair (Amelia), Danny Boyle (Slumdog Millionaire), Elia Suleiman (The Time That Remains), R.J. C...


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Clay artist featured at area gallery
Since her introduction to pottery in high school more than 20 years ago, Genevieve Loso has been captivated by the limitless possibilities of clay. Now clay offers a connection to the past and a means of creative expression. Loso's pottery will be featured at Ripple River Gallery near Bay Lake from through July 10.
"Following a piece from start to finish and controlling each element gives me a sense of accomplishment that is like no other," Loso says. Pottery has also been a way to stay connected to her father-in-law's pottery legacy. "I married into the Loso family and feel proud to have worked under my father-in-law, Jim Loso, a renowned Minnesota potter, in his St. Joseph studio." (Jim Loso was well-known around Ripple River Gallery; he conducted an annual raku pottery firing each fall for many years.)
Under her father-in-law's tutelage, Genevieve Loso learned to refine knobs and handles and was introduced to different surface design and glazing techniques. "I enjoy contrasting colors and textures within a piece. Working with clay encourages my curiosity and promotes experimentation."
Ripple River Gallery is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday through Saturday; and 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sundays. The gallery is located five miles south of Deerwood on Highway 6, then 3 miles east of Ruttger's Bay Lake Lodge on County Road 14 to Partridge Avenue; or south of Aitkin on Highway 169 to Bennettville, then 3.2 miles west on County Road 11 to Partridge Avenue.
For more information call 218-678-2575 or e-mail ripplerivergallery@gmail.com.
Today, Loso's work ranges from organic ash glaze surfaces to structured tight architectural lines. "Making everyday items aesthetically pleasing without compromising functionality is my goal for each piece," she says.
Genevieve Loso now works from her home studio in Chaska where she balances hours behind the potter's wheel with time spent with her husband and twin daughters. She enjoys running, visiting local breweries and cooking.
Genevieve Loso
Ripple River Gallery
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Game Info - In the Blackjack cards game you have to get 21 points, or to get as close as possible to this value. Try to do this in as little attempts and time as you can. Pick new cards on the right. For each card you pick, you can decide whether to use it or not. You can't make series with a value higher than 21 points.


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EPA set to announce new methane regulations
Word is out that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will propose later today new rules aimed at reducing methane emissions from the nation's booming natural gas industry.
UPDATED: Here's our Gazette-Mail story on the EPA announcement:
The Obama administration is proposing new standards that are part of a broader strategy to require the nation's booming oil and gas industry to reduce its emissions of heat-trapping methane by 40 percent to 45 percent.
The Obama administration is expected to propose as soon as Tuesday the first-ever federal regulation to cut emissions of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, by the nation's oil and natural-gas industry, officials familiar with the plan said on Monday.
The proposed rule would call for the reduction of methane emissions by 40 to 45 percent over the next decade from 2012 levels, the officials said. The proposal was widely expected, after the Environmental Protection Agency said in January that it was working on such a plan.
The move is part of a broader regulatory agenda Mr. Obama is pursuing as he seeks to make addressing climate change a legacy of his time in the White House. Earlier this month, the EPA issued final rules cutting carbon emissions from power plants 32% by 2030 based on emissions levels from 2005.
Tuesday's announcement reflects the Obama administration's middle-ground approach toward the oil and gas industry. The Interior Department said Monday it has issued a permit to Royal Dutch Shell PLC to drill for oil and natural gas in the Arctic Ocean, providing the company a long-sought victory and angering environmentalists who say the move runs counter to Mr. Obama's efforts to address climate change.
Meanwhile, with the onset of the fracking boom, concerns over methane, a potent greenhouse gas, have grown within the administration. Methane has a warming effect on the planet more than 20 times greater than carbon dioxide, according to the EPA.
We've talked about this issue many times before on this blog (see here, here, here, here and here), most recently here.
Also today, there's a new study out on the issue, being reported by the Times this way:
A little-noted portion of the chain of pipelines and equipment that brings natural gas from the field into power plants and homes is responsible for a surprising amount of methane emissions, according to a new study.
Natural-gas gathering facilities, which collect from multiple wells, lose about 100 billion cubic feet of natural gas a year, about eight times as much as estimates used by the Environmental Protection Agency, according to the study, which appeared on Tuesday in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
The newly discovered leaks, if counted in the E.P.A. inventory, would increase its entire systemwide estimate by about 25 percent, said the Environmental Defense Fund, which sponsored the research as part of methane emissions studies it organized.
EPA is planning to announce its new rules at noon …


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I've had the privilege of interacting with my sister-in-law recently about a talk she's going to give soon on the topic of prayer. She asked my wife & I if we'd take a look, and I realized two things. First, she'd done a pretty good job of looking into the matter. Second, I think that her sources--among the best and most prestigious in evangelicalism--seem to actually obscure what prayer is about by going into a lot of nitty gritty details and examples--more or less making a talk with one's father into a doctoral dissertation.
And of course, nobody, including some committee members, actually bothers to read such documents. To use that genre completely obscures what prayer is all about.
So here's my challenge to the "multitude" of my readers; meditate upon the first line of the Lord's Prayer; "Our Father, which art in Heaven." Contemplate what a privilege it is to have the Creator of the Universe in your family, and have a word with Him today.
A consistent fiction indulged by politicians of many stripes is that if FICA taxes had somehow been put into a "lock box," that we then would face no problems funding Social Security. Let's take a look at that idea. Assume we place those FICA dollars in a box in West Virginia--the "Robert Byrd Social Security Lockbox"--and let's see what happens in 40 years.
Each bill would have lost most of its purchasing power due to inflation, right? Using FICA surpluses to fund current expenditures, and allowing those surpluses to earn interest, doesn't gut the program, but rather preserves it. Putting FICA surpluses in a lock box makes about as much sense as putting fresh fish in one.
If you're like many people, the confusing nature of the recently passed tax rebates probably requires some explanation. Thankfully, I'm here to help.
What it does is take, say, $600 from the pockets of high income taxpayers and investors, and puts it into the hands of people who aren't paying a whole lot in taxes.
Why is this so important? Well, it should be obvious to you that the economy benefits far more when my family goes to, say, "Famous Dave's", than it does when a rich person takes his family to "Manny's" and the economy benefits far more when I get my 1997 pickup repaired than when a rich person buys his new Caddy in a year or two. It also goes without saying that the economy benefits immeasurably more when I fill out my family's Roth IRAs, than when some person more prosperous than I does the exact same thing with the exact same amount of money.
Make sense? If it does, you're either breaking the law, or you live in a state where medical marijuana is legal. Just make sure you're buying the domestic stuff, so the economy gets its boost.
Apparently, an English woman has been fined approximately 65,000 pounds for the crime of selling vegetables by the pound. The irony of charging "pounds sterling" (actually "pounds worthless fiat" today) for this crime apparently escaped the barristers and judges.
I'm looking forward to a new British currency called the "kilogram sterling", worth approximately (at current prices for silver) about 130 quid.
I posted before on the reality that light rail doesn't work because, more or less, it has high profile and extremely high weight, and also is pretty much guaranteed to be empty 75% of the time. Now, here's why the darned things are "light" if they weigh a "mere" 50 tons, as do the Hiawatha Line carriages.
It all comes down to keeping the force vector between the wheels. More or less, if the center of mass, combined with lateral forces, don't point between the wheels, the carriage topples off the tracks. The designer therefore must cope with towing strains, centripetal acceleration, and the possibility that all the passengers go to one side of the carriage to see a pretty girl or a cow.
When the rail gauge is 4'8.5", and the width of the carriage is 12' or so, there is only one way to do this; make it far heavier than the likely load--generally 10x heavier. Of course, in doing so, you eliminate any efficiency advantages conferred by the low rolling resistance of steel on steel--it's lost in the energy needed to accelerate.
How to fix this? Use a wider gauge, and lower the center of mass, of course. When you do this, though, you more or less are required to build a road for your train.
And in that case, why not build a real road and use existing technologies like "buses" and "cars" on it? Vehicles that can climb, say, more than a 3% grade, don't need switches to change lanes, and don't need a roundhouse to be turned around?
Passenger rail was a great idea when the only efficient engine was the large steam engine. However, since guys like Benz, Diesel, Edison, Westinghouse, Tesla, and Ford came around, they've lost the market for a very good reason.
Although I am not an absolutist on any type of music in the church, I am struck by something that I've seen more or less whenever I see church music discussed.
Those who claim Christ are generally OK with modern praise choruses, and even defend their use quite vehemently. Those who are sporadic in their attendance tend to actually prefer the old hymns.
Of course, "tend to," not an absolute rule, but it's telling to me. If you want to reach those who are lost, you need to come to them with a message and a medium that they see as eternal and timeless--one conveyed by the grand old music of the church.
And it probably doesn't hurt, either, that history has winnowed out the less important hymns, and that people at most churches simply understand the older genre better than the new. Even so, I'd have to guess that "conveys a sense of permanence and awe" ranks highly as a reason that people may be reached more effectively with a traditional service, than with a contemporary one.
You know; the ones to lose weight and exercise that you (and I) probably make every year, but fail to keep. Well, here's some additional incentive; doctors are finding, apparently, that type 2 (adult onset) diabetics who drop 10% or more of their weight are often cured of their diabetes. The study was about gastric banding, but others who managed to do this with diet were also cured.
Annoyed with the cost of medical care? Looks like a walk and a salad are your prescription.
Or any drug, for that matter? It turns out, according to the Wall Street Journal, that the FDA does not require the publication of inconclusive or negative clinical trials of prescription drugs.
Pardon me, but aren't we paying for the FDA's expenses, and aren't we the ones who suffer when ineffective drugs are approved because adverse statistical results are removed from the analysis?
As I'm told Benjamin Disraeli once said, "Lies, damned lies, and statistics." Shame on the FDA for proving this once again.
A final note; one drug maker that DOES release (at least in meta-analysis form) its negative and inconclusive results is Eli Lilly. You don't always have the choice of their products vs. others, but when you do, you have another reason to consider them.
....that sanity will be brought back to our country by the private sector, take a look at reports that President Bush, the Fed, and Congress are working on a $145 billion package to "stimulate" the economy.
Yes, our political critters are telling us that the best way to get out of a recession brought on by poor financial decisions is to keep spending--to make another poor financial decision.
Thankfully, the WSJ reveals that 2/3 of the previous "insanity pill" recipients used their "prebate" to pay off debts or invest, and that 2/3 of people today plan to as well. Why is it that people who have at least a bit of financial sense keep sending the same old "vote-buying" crowd to Washington.
Once again, liberty starts at home.
Also, today marks the birthday of a great man who is said to have integrated his church in a day when that was not popular. His name; Robert E. Lee. Again, can we be as loving as a Confederate General when it comes to race?
It appears that the Japanese whaling industry has finally figured out a way to deal with the "Sea Shepherd" fanatics. More or less, an "environmental" group called "Sea Shepherd" has been harassing them for years, throwing acid on decks, trying to disable and even sink ships, and so on to disrupt legal whaling.
Think what you may of whaling, but "Sea Shepherd" apparently thinks that whales' lives are more important than human lives, and thankfully they've started to defend themselves by taking two of the terrorists captive. They're howling in protest, of course, but hey--shouldn't they be grateful that the whalers didn't put a harpoon into their boat?
Blame the Fed, according to the Mises Institute. More or less, the path the Fed uses to "stimulate" the economy is to artificially inflate the value of securities held by the rich, and the inflation of the currency simultaneously makes the earnings of the middle class and poor worth less.
All too often, the "solution" is the problem.
Snow in Baghdad, the first in decades.
I'm reminded of something my high school math teacher would say; "every teacher should be required to learn how to say three words: ' I don't know.'" I dare suggest that this ought to be a requirement for some other professions, most notably climatologists--especially those affiliated with the IPCC.
Appropriately, it comes from a New York lawyer, Rudolph Giuliani, and it's in some ways actually worse than what the Democrats are proposing in terms of tax hikes.
How so? Well, Giuliani would establish a two-tier tax system consisting of the old system in parallel with a new, ostensibly simplified system. The end result, of course, would be that you'd end up filling out both sets of tax forms in order to make sure you'd get the best deal, risking mixing up forms and getting an automatic tax audit and a delay in your refund.
In short, Giuliani would greatly complicate our tax system, perhaps costing taxpayers even more money in compliance costs than the Democrats want to collect in extra taxes.
I guess I should have expected as much from a guy who thinks disarming the law-abiding will reduce crime, but I'm still a bit stunned.
Well, the University of Michigan didn't take my "sage" advice on who to hire as their new football coach, but Mike Adams reports that they're doing a great job of making their English department into a laughingstock.
On a serious note, this is your tax dollars at work, especially if you live between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. Sad.
is, sad to say, a dog apart from its mileage. According to the Detnews review, going to the hybrid system costs you the top-end interior materials, a full ton in towing capacity, and you get to pay extra for it as well. All in all, I really don't see a huge advantage that this has over my 1997 Sierra pickup--unless you really like large car payments, of course.
Hint to the Big/Detroit 3; diesel. What about a 230hp six for pickups and (hint, hint) large station wagons that could get the pickup to 25mpg and the wagons to 30-35mpg? With a proper (six speed manual) transmission, it's eminently achievable.
Perhaps you thought that this would be a well-thought out bit about the issues. Well, if that's it, you are going to be disappointed. Sorry.
For now, since there is precious little serious talk about issues and implementing policy among the candidates, I'm going to have to go back to a fallback position; which candidates are absorbing the most unfair abuse?
On the Democratic side, Barack Obama wins easily due to the "revelation" that he'd said or written something in kindergarten about wanting to be President. I'm sure that as time goes on, lewd jokes made in junior high school will take top billing in political ads.
On the GOP side, it's a close call between Ron Paul and Mike Huckabee. Paul gets attention for his positions on the Federal Reserve and gold standard, as well as his foreign policy and general unwillingness to get along in Washington. However, I think that the firestorm of abuse given to Mike Huckabee for his passing of a tax increase under court order puts "the Huckster" over the top in terms of unfair criticism.
Congratulations, Barack and Mike. You're serving your nation well as lightning rods for ill-informed abuse taken out of context. Honorable mention as well to Dr. Paul; it's not everyone who gets to live life as a living tackling dummy in the WWE.
Lee Duigon points out that "sexual liberation" movements aren't just about what happens between the sheets, and with whom it might be, but rather often entail an attempt to weaken the state's main rivals in matters of worship and authority; the church and the family.
If you wonder why Ben and Faith (and Nightwriter & Reverend Mother, and I'd guess Ben's folks, too) are so dead serious about why it's so important that they court, and do not date. Courting necessarily brings friends, family, and even the church into the equation; dating not necessarily so. Courting also has the nice side effect of promoting personal and political liberty; dating...well, not so much.
....are in order for the MOB's own Mall Diva and Ben "Hammerswing", who are now engaged to be married. In honor of this, here is a recipe for cooking beef the way Ben likes it.
Correction: Not yet engaged, but they are heartily courting. My mistake, and thanks Ben.
Remove from fridge, and add salt.
I reckon that all the money they save on cooking costs will really help the family budget. And where did I get this recipe? Let's just say Ben's not the only one who appreciates meat in the French style in the MOB.
Having just received my annual "gift" from the IRS, it occurred to me that had Gutenberg never invented the printing press, it would have been impossible to implement the tens of thousands of pages of the Internal Revenue Code. Can you imagine trying to hire enough scribes to even make the copies needed for Congress to vote on it?
By the way, the candidates that are advocating a repeal of the Internal Revenue Code are Mike Huckabee, Ron Paul, and Fred Thompson, I believe.


text:
El Yantra és un suport gràfic de meditació de la tradició hindú, utilitzat més tard pel budisme (que l'anomena mandala) i pel taoisme. Al jaïnisme, el terme de yantra s'utilitza per parlar de diagrames místics anomenats siddhachakra, navapada on navadevata.

Són diagrames que dels diferents nivells i energies de l'univers personificats en una deïtat. I alhora representen el cos humà entès com una replica microscòpica del macrocosmos. Normalment tenen un perímetre quadrat que con conté rodones, triangles, pètals de lotus i un centre o llavor (bindu).

Per utilitzar el yantra com a suport de meditació es visualitzen tot intentant-lo reconstruir mentalment. Si s'aconsegueixi reconstruir totalment es comença a desconstruir. Sempre intentant concentrar-se únicament amb el suport i a les possibles reaccions que se'n derivin.

Simbolisme
Segons l'hinduisme un yantra simbolitza una veritat, una qualitat del món: l'amor universal, la veritat suprema, ... Les formes que el componen transporten a continguts conscients pel seu significat conegut, però alhora interpel·len a estructures a psíquiques inconscients.

Segons la simbologia mística tradicional de hindú, el sentit d'aquestes figures geométriques és:
 El punt, anomenat Bindu, simbolitza l'energia, el centre de la creació (en tantrisme, el bindu és igualment un chakra),
 El triangle equilateral cap al baix, Shakti Kona,significa l'aspecte femení, l'aigua,
 El triangle equilateral  cap a dalt, Shiva Kona, significa l'aspecte masculí, el foc ;
 El cercle, Chakra, significa l'aire ;
 El quadrat, Bhupura (on Bhur en sanskrit), significa la terra ;
 La flor de lotus, Padma, significa la puresa.
El yantra sempre està inscrit dins una  estructura globalment quadrada.

El Shri-Yantra

El « shri-yantra » és un dels més cèlebres yantras, format de quatre triangles apunten cap a dalt i cinc triangles apunten cap a baix. Aquests nou triangles juxtaposats al voltant del bindu formen 43 triangles secundaris. Estan envoltats per una flor de lotus de vuit pètals, símbol del deu Vixnu. Seguit d'una flor de lotus de 16 pètals representant l'objecte de desig. El nom del yantra es refereix a la deessa Lakxhmi, símbol de la fortuna

Galeria

Referències

Meditació
Ioga

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
€3M Irish Lotto Results for Wednesday December 10
Tags: Irish Lotto, Irish Lotto Results, jackpot, Lottery
The winning numbers from the Irish Lotto draw on Wednesday December 10th were 2, 15, 18, 21, 35, 39 and the bonus ball was 33. The winning numbers from the Irish Lotto Plus 1 draw were 13, 16, 19, 24, 29, 40 and the bonus ball was 15. The winning numbers from the Irish Lotto Plus 2 draw were 5, 15, 20, 26, 28, 40 and the bonus ball was 6.
The main draw produced a total of 22,981 winning players that shared prizes totalling €3,164,675. This includes one lucky player that matched all six main numbers and won the jackpot of €2,896,698. A further 30 players matched five of the main numbers and they each won €1,456 and a total of 59 players matched four of the main numbers and the bonus ball to win €186 each.
This Wednesday players of the Irish Lotto have the chance to win a jackpot of €2.5 million in the main draw.
£7.7M National Lottery Results for Wednesday December 10
December 11, 2014 Lottery
Augsburg vs Bayern München Preview and Line Up Prediction: Bayern to Win 1-0 at 11/2
December 11, 2014 Bundesliga


text:
LOTTO RESULTS: winning National Lottery numbers for Saturday, November 2, 2019
Are you a lucky winner?
Nick Reid
Are you a lucky winner? (Image: Getty)
Have you bought your ticket for tonight's draw?
The National Lottery Lotto numbers for Saturday, November 2, have now been revealed.
Have you got plans to stock up on the caviar or are you thinking of going on that once-in-a-lifetime holiday ?
Find out here if you have won tonight's prize.
The winning numbers for tonight's Lotto draw are 13, 16, 28, 34, 41, 56 and the Bonus Ball is 40.
The winning Thunderball numbers are 5, 14, 21, 23, 30 and the Thunderball is 3.
The biggest ever Lotto winner was created in April 2016, when an anonymous player banked £35m.
In January 2016, two ticket-holders walked away with £33m each.
Before that, a main Lotto game jackpot of £42,008,610, was drawn in January 1996 and split between three anonymous winners, with each being awarded £14,002,870.
National Lottery Lotto and EuroMillions results
A single ticket also won £26.4 million on the New Year's Eve Lotto back in 2016.
The UK National Lottery was first drawn on November 19, 1994.
Half of all money spent by players goes to the prize fund, with 28 per cent to good causes, 12 per cent to the Government as duty and five per cent to retailers.
The final five per cent has operated the lottery throughout its history.


text:
Vodafone Idea posts lowest quarterly revenue in more than two years
Vodafone Idea posts lowest quarterly revenue in more than two years - Copyright Thomson Reuters 2021
MUMBAI – Indian telecom operator Vodafone Idea Ltd on Saturday reported its lowest quarterly revenue in more than two years and a wider than expected loss, as it continued to lose subscribers to rivals due to intensifying competition.
The company, a joint venture between Vodafone Group and India's Idea Cellular, said in a statement its revenue had declined on account of a slowdown in economic activity due to COVID-19 restrictions.
Revenue for the quarter through June fell to 91.52 billion rupees from 106.59 billion a year earlier. Its subscriber base slipped to 255.4 million from 279.8 million a year earlier.
The quarterly loss 73.19 billion compares with an average forecast of a 65.01 billion rupee loss, according to Refinitiv data.
The results come after the company's billionaire non-executive chairman, Kumar Mangalam Birla, stepped down last week, fuelling concerns that the Indian wireless carrier may not survive a hefty bill it owes to the government.
Vodafone Idea owes roughly 500 billion rupees ($6.7 billion) over the next 10 years for the use of the airwaves and in licence fees. The company has filed a review petition with India's Supreme Court after it refused to allowed any recalculation of those dues.
In its statement, the company said it "is currently in active discussion with potential investors" for fund raising.
The company's financials have been hit by a price war since 2016 when Reliance Industries launched its telecoms venture Jio Infocomm with free voice and cut-price data.
Vodafone Idea's stock has plummeted more than 40% so far this year.
Rival Bharti Airtel posted a 15% rise in first-quarter revenue last week, helped by higher data usage and subscriber additions.


Replacement of most Tablet batteries requires skilled labor. Disassembling a device may void, or limit the scope of manufacturer's warranty. Any tools provided are to assist in replacing the battery And Empire will not be held accountable for any damage done to device or injury to the user. Please Note: More tools may be required to properly replace the battery.


Open for breakfast daily, Sunday brunch, with live entertainment, and $30 prix fixe & a la carte dinner menu Tuesday through Saturday. Whether you are returning from a walk on the beach, heading to the theatre or yearning for a warm winter meal, Claude's provides a beautiful dining experience. The restaurant also supports our in-house weddings, banquets, meetings, and catered functions.
Join us for breakfast, daily, Sunday brunch or $30 prix fixe dinner, Tuesday through Saturday.


Inspired by ORIGAMI, the Japanese art based on folding paper in order to get different forms, and the motto of ‰ۡóÁÌÎ??Less is more‰ۡóÁÌ_? The whole is composed of an armchair, sofa, and table, with a modular structure which allows you to freely adapt them to your individual needs in any space. The manufacturing process used is rotational moulding, which is a technical process that guarantees the maximum quality of the final product by taking care of even the smallest details.


text:
Q: Change default app I double click on a jpg file and see this -

There's a PPC-only rev of this software on my Mac, but it's on a different boot drive, a drive with older OS. The startup drive is running Yosemite and has a new version of this software. If I open the app first, all is fine, but is there any way to tell the system that this current rev is my 'main' image app?
FWIW, On a desktop MacPro 5.1, with multiple boot drives.

A: Select the file in Finder, choose Get Info (⌘I or right-click), then select the app you wish to use for opening such files in the 'Open with' section. If the app is not in the list, choose Other.
The important part is then to select Change All, such that all files with that file type open with the app you select. The Always Open With option when right-click → Open With only sets it for that specific file, rather than applying it to all files of that type.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PEOPLE v. GAUSE
PEOPLE of the State of New York, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Ray GAUSE, Defendant-Appellant.
Decided: December 31, 2003
PRESENT: PIGOTT, JR., P.J., GREEN, SCUDDER, GORSKI, AND LAWTON, JJ. Edward J. Nowak, Public Defender, Rochester (Elizabeth Clarke of Counsel), for Defendant-Appellant. Howard R. Relin, District Attorney, Rochester (Wendy Evans Lehmann of Counsel), for Plaintiff-Respondent.
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him after a jury trial of eight counts of forgery in the second degree (Penal Law § 170.10[1] ) and one count of petit larceny (§ 155.25). We agree with defendant that County Court erred in denying his request to charge forgery in the third degree (§ 170.05) as a lesser included offense of forgery in the second degree with respect to counts one through eight, and we therefore conclude that defendant is entitled to a new trial with respect to those counts.
Defendant worked as a shipping clerk for a Staples distribution center, and his duties included completing shipping and tracking labels to aid in the delivery of packages. Using shipping labels that he prepared, defendant sent eight packages to his own house containing items that he did not purchase, totaling $400 to $500 in value.
Penal Law § 170.10(1) provides in relevant part that "[a] person is guilty of forgery in the second degree when, with intent to defraud, deceive or injure another, he falsely makes, completes or alters a written instrument which is or purports to be, or which is calculated to become or to represent if completed: (1) A * * * commercial instrument * * * or other instrument which does or may evidence, create, transfer, terminate or otherwise affect a legal right, interest, obligation or status * * *." Penal Law § 170.05 provides that "[a] person is guilty of forgery in the third degree when, with intent to defraud, deceive or injure another, he falsely makes, completes or alters a written instrument." The parties are correct that forgery in the third degree is a lesser included offense of forgery in the second degree (see People v. Hayes, 133 A.D.2d 934, 935, 520 N.Y.S.2d 650, lv. denied 70 N.Y.2d 1006, 526 N.Y.S.2d 941, 521 N.E.2d 1084). Furthermore, "there is a reasonable view of the evidence in [this] case that would support a finding that [defendant] committed the lesser offense but not the greater" (People v. Glover, 57 N.Y.2d 61, 63, 453 N.Y.S.2d 660, 439 N.E.2d 376; cf. Hayes, 133 A.D.2d at 935, 520 N.Y.S.2d 650). The element in forgery in the second degree not present with respect to forgery in the third degree is the requirement that the writing must "affect a legal right, interest, obligation or status" (§ 170.10 [1] ). We agree with defendant that a shipping label may be viewed as merely directing delivery of an item without affecting the legal right to the item. We therefore modify the judgment by reversing those parts convicting defendant of forgery in the second degree under counts one through eight of the indictment and vacating the sentences imposed thereon, and we grant a new trial on those counts.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously modified on the law by reversing those parts convicting defendant of forgery in the second degree under counts one through eight of the indictment and vacating the sentences imposed thereon and as modified the judgment is affirmed, and a new trial is granted on those counts of the indictment.


text:
Q: When adding a lot of text inside div- next element moves down I'm using a flexed div. Right now when I add a lot of text inside it somehow it makes the divs near to move and lose their position, hope you guys could help out.
picture 1:

picture 2:

As you see in pictures, where there is not much text everything works fine, but a little bit of lorem and everything goes bad - and the sizes inside the divs also changes even though I used flex-grow of 3 on each of them
html:

My Projects

Name: Movies WebApp

Description: Manage movise stock Lorem, ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Molestiae asperiores obcaecati quaerat fugit nisi dolore optio possimus facere ratione, maiores dicta earum aut tempora unde facilis vitae vero, quas totam.

Backend: -

Frontend: Angular, CSS, Html

DB: -

css:
.slider {
  min-width: 100%;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.slider ul {
  flex-grow: 10;
  min-height: 300px;
  justify-content: center;
}

.slider ul .slider-item {
  min-height: 300px;
  display: flex;
  position: relative;
}

.app {
  padding: 20px;
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.app img {
  min-width: 500px;
  height: 300px;
  flex-grow: 3;
}
.app ul {
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin-left: 20px;
  color: black;
  width: 100%;
  flex-grow: 3;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.app ul li {
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.right,
.left {
  padding: 20px;
  flex-grow: 1;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  transition: 0.3s;
  position: relative;
  min-width: 40px;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.left-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  left: 30px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border-left: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.right-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  right: 30px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border-right: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.5s;
}

A:

.slider {
  min-width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}

.slider > ul {
  padding-left: 0;
  width: calc(100% - 160px);
}

.slider ul {
  flex-grow: 10;
  min-height: 300px;
  justify-content: center;
}

.slider ul .slider-item {
  min-height: 300px;
  display: flex;
  position: relative;
}

.app {
  padding: 20px;
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.app img {
  min-width: 500px;
  height: 300px;
  flex-grow: 3;
}
.app ul {
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin-left: 20px;
  color: black;
  width: 100%;
  flex-grow: 3;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.app ul li {
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.right,
.left {
  padding: 20px;
  flex-grow: 1;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  transition: 0.3s;
  position: relative;
  min-width: 40px;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.left-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  left: 30px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border-left: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.right-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  right: 30px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border-right: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(163, 163, 163);
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.5s;
}

My Projects

Name: Movies WebApp

Description: Manage movise stock Lorem, ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Molestiae asperiores obcaecati quaerat fugit nisi dolore optio possimus facere ratione, maiores dicta earum aut tempora unde facilis vitae vero, quas totam.

Backend: -

Frontend: Angular, CSS, Html

DB: -

A: Just remove the "flex-wrap: wrap;" from the slider class, that is being problem with your example. Just follow the below code -:
.slider {
  min-width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}


Easily and completely uninstall programs that could not be removed by the standard Windows Add/Remove applet, such as, Adobe Reader, AVG, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office, McAfee, Norton and much more difficult to uninstall programs.
Forcibly uninstall any corrupted programs. When a program runs with errors or its own uninstall feature doesn't work, Add/Remove Programs can't uninstall the corrupted program completely. However, Best Removal Tool can forcibly uninstall it without any difficulty.
Forcibly display and uninstall hidden programs installed on your PC. Once you install Best Removal Tool, all the hidden applications which maybe runs without your notice will show up instantly. You can uninstall these applications with Best Removal Tool easily.
Restore Registry. At any time, you can use the "System Manager"->"Restore"->"Restore Registry" to restore the registry to a previous state, and restore files from the recycle bin where the files were removed into.
Easy to use with friendly user interface. Provide 3 list view styles of programs before uninstall, including Detail, Icons, and List. Provide 2 options to uninstall, including Uninstall and Force Uninstall.
System Manager. Backup registry in order to restore system easily when Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 crashes. Three ways are available to restore system. Start Manger lets you easily administer which program is launched at the system startup. That is, you can enable, disable or remove the program that could run at the system startup within the two separate lists, Currently Startup and History Record. The applications that currently run at the startup are listed in Startup List while Restore List centrally manage a list of the previously disabled applications.
Operating System: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10; both 32-bit and 64-bit.
Want to Remove All Software from Your PC Easily and Completely?


The electric utility inspection app simplifies overhead and underground inspection using a graphical, iconic app, making it easy for users to gather critical information on maintenance interventions or asset updates.
It provides the critical base of information needed for updating a utility's asset (plant) records.
The inspection app imports all of the utility's poles, pole-based assets and underground assets, allowing users to download and cache these assets in the app by city or by circuit.
The inspection app works whether online or offline.
It is integrated with a utility's overhead asset management/GIS system.
The app can be used to update GIS or asset management when there are new assets, relocated assets or changes to asset properties. This is done via "remediation" wherein Engineering or Plant records approve changes and these then flow through to GIS automatically.
Utilities, including electric utilities, must perform, document and file mandated inspections of their distribution networks including poles, overhead equipment and underground equipment. Inspections are often required to be performed for a fixed proportion of the utility's assets annually.
Many utilities find their asset management and GIS systems capture information about assets as originally built. However, these systems are unable to keep up with the changes and replacements made during storm repairs or during the course of ongoing maintenance. As a consequence, asset management systems fall "out of sync" with the actual poles and equipment deployed on the ground.
Many electric inspection apps currently on the market are difficult to use, require specialized hardware, and/or do not work without a constant internet connection. Many utilities revert to paper for inspections, because the logistics of providing devices and software to a mixed group of inspectors (including utility employees and contractors such as pole testing companies) is too difficult to manage. Recognizing this need, iRestore's Electric Inspection app offers a more robust solution, taking the utility's electric inspection process and automating it, using a simple, graphical app designed for smartphones and iPads. Inspectors in the field simply download the app directly from the Apple app store and the Google play store, with app permissions set in the admin portal by the utility administrator.
The Electric Inspection app imports all of the utility's poles and pole-based assets and underground assets from their asset management system or their GIS system, and then makes them available to app users to download by city or by circuit from within the inspection app. These assets may then be selected in a map view or a searchable list view for inspection. Assets that need to be added or modified may be flagged within the inspection app.
The Electric Inspection app provides a detailed, granular inspection of a utility's overhead and underground assets. Designed for use by a utility's own personnel, the unique approach of this application is that it can be used by utility personnel for inspection. As V-DA users complete their assessments, office-based personnel can use the Inspection web console to view the inspections in near real time. Any maintenance issues may be flagged and assigned by managers or supervisors on the portal to field personnel for diagnosis and repair.
Another unique feature of the app is its ability to automatically capture asset changes, moves or new assets and flag them for "remediation" by the engineering or plant records department. Once Engineering and/or Plant Records approves the asset update, the data can automatically flow (usually in a nightly job when users are offline) to the GIS or asset management system without any further user intervention.


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Canada's Great Kitchen Party
Regional Qualifier for the Canadian Culinary Championships
With Ottawa Mayor Jim Watson accepting the "Championship Host Trophy" from Daniel Bibby, representing 2019 host Kelowna, Canada's Great Kitchen Party announced on April 16 that the nation's capital will host the 2020 Canadian Culinary Championships (CCCs). Featuring the top twelve Chefs in the country, all champions of regional Great Kitchen Party events, the CCCs will challenge in three events: Mystery Wine Pairing, "Black Box" and Grand Finale.
"We are thrilled to bring our premiere culinary event to Ottawa;" said Great Kitchen Party Co-Founder Karen Blair. "It's very fitting that the best chefs in Canada will be competing for the Championship trophy in the shadow of Parliament Hill".
For over ten years, Ottawa has held a regional event for 500 people and the gold medalist has travelled west to the Canadian Culinary Championships. "In that time, Ottawa-Gatineau has punched well above its weight," said Head Judge and National Culinary Advisor, James Chatto. "Michael Blackie, Jamie Stunt and Joe Thottungal have all won silver at the CCC. Marc Lepine won the whole thing twice, in 2012 and 2015; and now Yannick LaSalle is the new Champion. No other region in Canada has taken home the trophy three times."
With the Canadian Culinary Championships being held in Ottawa in Jan/Feb, 2020, there will be an event in November to crown the culinary gold medalist. The winner will then go on to compete at the Canadian Culinary Championships and will have home city advantage!
Details to be announced in June.
Thank you to the partners and supporters who provide vital support to the project!
To order tickets, discuss partnership or more information:
Sylvie Bigras
60 St-Andrew Street
Ottawa, ON K1N 5E9
E: ccc@greatkitchenparty.com
To be the first to receive this year's auction trip details:


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Ex-FIFA Ref Gets Aberdeen Uni ET Director Role
Underhill used to be a professional football referee on the FIFA circuit.
The University of Aberdeen has named John Underhill as the director of its new interdisciplinary center for energy transition.
Underhill is the Academic Executive Director of the UK Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT), entitled GeoNetZero (GNZ). Supported by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), GNZ is described as a $6.6 million (GBP 5 million) industry-academic collaboration between 12 Universities and eight industry partners that is exploring the role of geoscience for the low carbon energy transition and challenge to meet net zero emission targets.
Underhill, who has been the recipient of numerous awards in the geological industry, previously served as the president of the European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers (EAGE) in 2011-12. He has also previously held professorial posts at The University of Edinburgh and Heriot Watt University and was a member of the UK Energy Minister's Technology Leadership Board (TLB). Underhill was also a professional football referee on the FIFA circuit, which saw him officiate European Champions League, international and Scottish Premier League games between 1994 and 2008.
"The Energy Transition is a significant global challenge, and it is a privilege to have the opportunity to lead the university's efforts to address, critically evaluate and seek the right solutions that ensure we retain energy supply as we decarbonize," Underhill said in a university statement.
"Having been pivotal for the energy industry and wealth creation and quality of life that the UK has enjoyed over the past half century, Aberdeen and the north east region is uniquely placed to shape and deliver the transition that it is required," he added in the statement.
"I am delighted to take on this role and look forward to working towards the goal of a just, fair and affordable transition that protects jobs and livelihoods on the journey to meet net zero emission targets," Underhill went on to say.
The Uni of Aberdeen's new energy transition interdisciplinary center is one of five new interdisciplinary centers being established at the university. Aside from the energy transition, these will focus on health, nutrition and wellbeing; social inclusion and cultural diversity; data and artificial intelligence; and environment and biodiversity. The centers are hubs designed to encourage and enable academics to work across scientific boundaries to provide solutions to complex problems facing the key research challenges of our time, the university stated.
In January this year, the University of Aberdeen launched the UK's first postgraduate degree program in Energy Transition Systems and Technologies. In October, the university announced a commitment to divest from fossil fuels. The decision relates directly to the university's commitment to show leadership in working for the sustainable future of the planet through Aberdeen 2040, the university outlined in a statement at the time. The Uni of Aberdeen's 2040 strategy commits the organization to achieving net-zero emissions before 2040.
Petroleum Measurement Engineer
Plant Inspection


Ubud are world known as a part of Bali that provide view of traditional Balinese Artisanship and natural beauty with very warm community that welcomes anyone. Here in ubud, you will feel like a part of the local community that involved in daily life of the people. Ubud is a magical and emotional experience, a feeling as if thousands of years of cultural and natural heritage were unfolding in a huge, panoramic spectacle.
Black Penny Villas Ubud, are designed with a modern minimalist with a Balinese touch to keep you connected with the local atmosphere without leaving the comfort of your house. Daily services will be catered by our friendly and well trained staff. Anything you need regarding your stay can be arranged through our guest service team.
Our 10 Private compound villas are situated on the valley of Ayung River, which overlook in the Ayung River with its actives rice paddy field view right on the bottom of the valley.
Each of our villas is completed with a fresh water plunge pool with "on the edge" design so you can see the valley while you are relaxing on your pool. Our villas are designed with a modern minimalist with a Balinese touch to keep you connected with the local atmosphere without leaving the comfort of your house. Daily services will be catered by our friendly and well trained staff. Anything you need regarding your stay can be arranged through our Guest Service Team.
Non refundable deposit required for total payment more than US $ 3,000 and for staying during peak season period (20 Dec – 5 Jan).
Non refundable 1 night deposit from total stay is required for booking during high season period (01 Jul – 15 Sept).


The adventures of Tam and Gabriel continue with more time travel, Talents, spy work, and of course, the evil Knights.Since the gripping conclusion of Once A Witch, Tamsin Greene has been haunted by her grandmother's prophecy that she will soon be forced to make a crucial decision—one so terrible that it could harm her family forever. When she discovers that her enemy, Alistair Knight, went back in time to Victorian-era New York in order to destroy her family, Tamsin is forced to follow him into the past. Stranded all alone in the nineteenth century, Tamsin soon finds herself disguised as a lady's maid in the terrifying mansion of the evil Knight family, avoiding the watchful eye of the vicious matron, La Spider, and fending off the advances of Liam Knight. As time runs out, both families square off in a thrilling display of magic. And to her horror, Tamsin finally understands the nature of her fateful choice.
No book trailer, so here's another vid!
With the way that Once A Witch ended, just begging to give the world a sequel that sounded just as amazing as the first novel in the series. I was pretty eager to get started on Always A Witch. from the way it started, which I found a bit comical and was still serious, I was wondering how this novel would go exactly…it wasn't like how Once A Witch ended, with everything perfectly fine. There's still a hundred and fifty nine questions running through my head (and since I'm too lazy to list ALL of them I'll list my top three): What happens to Alistair Knight? How does Tamsin warn her family? Does she stop the Knight family from rising to power once again??? Now I know what you're thinking "I was thinking those same things too!" and now you're thinking "I want answers, now!". Those same thoughts were going through my mind while I was reading, and lucky for all of us they get answered. All one hundred and fifty nine of them.
In this installment, Tamsin has to travel to the past to a time before the Domani was created to warn her family about the Knights and that this time the Domani won't work. I instantly was intrigued because of the fact that Tamsin had to travel back to Victorian, New York City where we got present day insights on the past. I found that really, really cool. Well, not only that…the other thing that made this installment stand apart from Once A Witch was the way that MacCullough made her olden day New York so believable. I could easily imagine the outfits that the characters wore. I could imagine the settings genuinely and better yet, I found the old Victorian characters more memorable than the present day ones that we met in Once A Witch (That isn't a bad thing). Mainly because we got to get an insight into the Greene family's enemies, the Knights.
We got to see La Spider and see just how vicious and terrible she was, so willing to help increase her Talents no matter what the cost was. We got to see the sort-of-hunky-but-only-if-he-weren't-such-a-creeper Liam Knight whose Talent of slipping into other peoples bodies I found disturbing, what I found even more disturbing was the way he found his victims whose blood he would end up drinking. But despite meeting the frightening Knight family, the servants that they had control over were very interesting, like Rosie and Cook who ended up being very realistic characters who both remained in the Knight household for reasons unknown until later in the novel.
I remember myself gasping whenever a major point in the plot was revealed where I would end up stating what I thought might happen next (I won't say what). It had a spectacular ending though, one that I found very memorable and because I nearly cried. If you don't believe that Tamsin Greene is a strong and powerful character even after reading Once A Witch just wait until you read Always A Witch where you'll finally see just how strong she really is.
Wonderful review. I loved both of these books but I especially loved this one. The time travel is excellent and so is the story. I was sad about the way the book ended, but I think it totally ended the right way.


Nathan Hale School is one of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District's projects to provide updated schools in the Cleveland neighborhoods.
Metropolitan Architecture Studio in collaboration with the Cleveland Educational Design Alliance, developed the exterior aesthetics and details of ten schools built throughout the City of Cleveland. The school is designed to have an identifiable and memorable community presence, stretching out its facade along Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The main entrance incorporates historic stone elements from the former school. Designed to accommodate approximately 450 students. 64,000 sf, $12.3 million.


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Linden is a Grammy nominated jazz trained British songwriter, producer and artist who studied at Berklee College of Music. Linden co-wrote and produced 'Woman' and 'Alone' by Doja Cat on her 2021 album Planet Her. 'Woman' has since reached double platinum sales in the US with in excess of 1 billion streams and hit #1 on the US Top 40 radio chart for two consecutive weeks and #8 on the Billboard Hot 100. His other releases include cuts with Doja Cat, Kelis, Joji, Erick The Architect, Duke Dumont, Maverick Sabre, Kelis, Sinead Harnett, Jay Prince, Rejjie Snow, Lion Babe, Loyle Carner, grentperez, Reuben James and Flatbush Zombies. Recent studio collaborators include J. Cole, Bas, Chlöe, Nick Hakim, Tom Misch and James Bay. In April 2022, Billboard announced Linden as the first signing to Electric Bell – the newly established publishing JV between Louis Bell and Electric Feel. As well as releasing music under his own name, Linden is also one half of rising duo FARR who's releases to date have accumulated over 60 million streams.
800M x


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Q: IEEE template and caption=false option for subcaption package? According to the IEEE transactions information (tar file here contains IEEEtran_HOWTO.pdf along with the class files)

Axel Sommerfeldt's modern and actively maintained subcaption.sty package [23] can not be recommended at this time because it does not provide an option to prevent the underlying caption.sty from taking control of main caption formatting away from IEEEtran.

Instead they recommend using subfig invoked like this \usepackage[caption=false]{subfig}
Are there any plans to add a caption=false flag to subcaption? It seems that subfig has not been touched since 2005, so I would rather stick with subcaption if possible.
EDIT: There is a workaround posted here, but it involves re-defining how captions should be formatted, which seems to partially defeat the purpose of using a supplied style file.

A: An answer provided by Michael Shell gives this workaround:
\makeatletter
\let\MYcaption\@makecaption
\makeatother

\usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subcaption}

\makeatletter
\let\@makecaption\MYcaption
\makeatother


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Senior Services of Alexandria
Fostering independence and self-sufficiency, enabling seniors within the City of Alexandria to age with dignity.
Letter from the Executive Director
Contact SSA
Caring Connection
Friendly Visitor
Groceries to Go
"AniMeals" on Wheels
Silver Service Card
SSA Calendar (Month View)
Historic Tours and Creative Connections
Online Education Programs
Senior Links
SSA Connection: June 4th
Here is your weekly SSA Connection
Ted Talks – The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social LIfe
The Italian island of Sardinia has more than six times as many centenarians as the mainland and ten times as many as North America. Why? According to psychologist Susan Pinker, it's not a sunny disposition or a low-fat, gluten-free diet that keeps the islanders healthy — it's their emphasis on close personal relationships and face-to-face interactions. Learn more about super longevity as Pinker explains what it takes to live to 100 and beyond. To view click here.
Join in for Body Part Aerobics that you can do in your home with Rodney Bates from theAlexandria Recreation Department. Click here to get started.
Alexandria Library Offerings
1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in
George Combs and Audrey P. Davis talk about the 1939 Alexandria Library sit-in, led by African-American attorney Samuel Tucker. In 1937, the Alexandria Free library opened, and African Americans were denied its use. After several attempts to argue his case for a true public library, Mr. Tucker organized a protest in August of 1939. Click on
Library to view the video.
Virtual Book Discussions
Diversity Book Club – "A Woman is No Man" by Etaf Rum – Monday, June 8, 7:00 – 8:30 pm
Please join us for a virtual discussion of "A Woman is No Man" by Etaf Rum. This debut novel by an Arab-American voice takes us inside the lives of conservative Arab women living in America. Click on this link for details – BookDiscussion.
Check Out these Facebook and Online Events
All Things Zoom – Wednesday, June 9 @ 1:00 pm
Learn how to use Zoom to stay in touch with friends and family with free training from AARP and Senior Planet. Register by clicking on Zoom.
Check out AARP Movies for GrownUps
Hyde Park on Hudson highlights a momentous occasion in U.S. history – the first time a British monarch set foot on American soil. In 1939, King George VI visits FDR at his home in New York. War looms over the horizon, and England needs the help of the US and their President. Bill Murray, Laura Linney, Olivia Coleman, and Samuel West star in this film about one of the most momentous meetings in history.
How to Join: RSVP on this event page Movie. Visit the AARP Facebook Page at 8 p.m. ET on Friday, June 5, and click on the video link.
Cassie Chesson On June 4, 2020 / Events
206 N. Washington Street,
"One of the best small charities in the Greater Washington region."
Featured in the Catalogue for Philanthropy.
Proud Member of the United Way of the National Capital Area. #8311. CFC: 97867.
© 2020 Senior Services of Alexandria | Support by Webinence


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Home Article Cartegorisation Personal Banking
Cheques. It's meaning, Terms, Parties and Its Continuous Relevance.
Cheques have been around since the inception of banking, it had its origins in the ancient banking system in which bankers would issue orders at the request of their customers, to pay money to identified persons.
Such an order facilitates trade by eliminating the need for merchants to carry large quantities of currency (for example, gold) to purchase goods and services.
The Wikipedia defines Cheque as
"A cheque (or check in American English) is a document that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued.
'The person writing the cheque, the drawer, has a transaction banking account (often called a current, cheque, chequing or checking account) where their money is held.
'The drawer writes the various details including the monetary amount, date, and a payee on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the drawee, to pay that person or company the amount of money stated".
A Cheque is a negotiating instrument that guarantees payment for goods and services now or at a later date. It is a written order instructing a bank to make payment to the person whose name is written on it.
A Cheque book contains Cheque leaflets of 25, 50, 100 or 200 lots
Terms of cheques
Bearer Cheque. When the word "or bearer" appears on the face of the Cheque it means the Cheque is payable to the person whose name is written on the Cheque or any other person that presented the Cheque for payment.
Order Cheque: When the word "or order" is written on the face of a Cheque it means the Cheque is payable to the person whose name is written on the Cheque or any other person to whom the payee has endorsed the Cheque to.
Crossed Cheque: When 2 parallel lines are drawn on the face of a Cheque with or without additional words. It means the Cheque cannot be cashed across the counter but can only be paid into the beneficiary account. Such Cheque can however be opened by signing between the lines then it can be cashed across the counter.
Post Dated Cheque: A post dated Cheque is a Cheque that bears a future date. Such Cheque can not be honored earlier than the date on the Cheque.
Stale Cheque: A Cheque that is presented six months after the date written on the Cheque. Such a Cheque cannot be honored by the bank.
Bounced Cheque: A Cheque that is returned for lack of funds in the account of the drawer. Such Cheque usually ended up as dishonored Cheque.
Inchoate Cheque: A Cheque issued without a date, amount or signature or the amount in words and figures disagreeing.
Other Types of Cheques
Manager's Cheque, Bank Cheque or Bank Draft: Are cheque types that the issuing bank is guaranteeing its payment. The bank issue such Cheque at the instruction of customers whose account is debited immediately at the point of issuing such Cheque. The Cheque can be repurchased if no longer required.
Dividend Warrants: Are cheques issued by a public limited company addressed to its qualified shareholders for a share of profit.
Interest Warrants: Are cheque types issued by a public limited company addressed to qualified debenture holders for interest payment on debenture holdings.
Parties to a Cheque
Drawer: The account holder who issues the Cheque in favor of another party
Drawee: The bank on whom the Cheque is drawn. To whom the order to pay is addressed
Payee: The person who is to be paid or who is paid
Holder: The person entitled to possession of the Cheque and to receive the amount due.
Endorser: The person who has affixed his signature to the Cheque for negotiation.
Endorsee: The person whose name has been written on the Cheque to be paid.
Cheques, for many years has been the only alternative to cash as a means of payment for good and services in Nigeria. With the advent of electronic payment systems in recent years the use of cheque books have been reduced significantly as most businesses prefers electronic payment system because of its efficiency and timeliness.
Online and mobile banking transactions has also grown significantly in Nigeria putting stop to the continuous growth of the chequing system as a mean of settling financial transactions.
Read also: Why you should open bank account for kids