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Indonesia's Largest Humanitarian Body, Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) Brings 1,000 Tons of Rice to Syrian Refugees
Following the 2,000 tons of rice sent to Gaza earlier this year, the ACT Humanitarian Ship keeps focusing on assisting refugees in war-affected areas
To donate or learn how to get involved https://act.id/en/donasi
BANDA ACEH, Indonesia, April 16, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) delivered 40 containers of emergency aid for the Humanitarian Ship, carrying 1,000 tons of rice for Syrian refugees on April 15, 2018. Those containers were shipped from Baiturrahman Mosque in Banda Aceh to Belawan port in Medan and bound for Turkey, where Syrian migrants have been granted a temporary protection. The emergency aid was donated by Indonesian citizens and sourced from Acehnese farmers, as the province known as the Veranda of Mecca -always produces surplus in its rice harvest.
The convoy of 40 containers of emergency aid bound for Belawan port, Medan.
The ship will sail on April 21st from the Belawan port, Medan. "It will be sent to Syrian refugees through Turkey. Amongst 12.5 million of Syrian refugees, around 3.5 million of them are in Turkey. Thus, it is important to cooperate with Turkey in helping those refugees," said President of ACT, Ahyudin, in his opening remarks. It is expected to reach Turkey within a month.
The event concluded with prayer and the release of the aid convoy to Belawan port by the Mayor of Banda Aceh, Aminullah, the mother of the Governor of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) province, and the President of ACT, Ahyudin accompanied by Ulema and thousands of Acehnese who flew the flags of Indonesia and Turkey.
In the event, a number of Indonesian Muslim scholars from Aceh to Papua came to give sermons, including the Saudi Arabian scholar who is now an Indonesian citizen, Sheikh Ali Jabeer; Acehnese religious leader Tengku HM Yusuf A. Wahab; Deputy of the Consultative Assembly of Acehnese Ulema, Tengku H Faisal Ali; Jakartan cleric, Ustaz Herwibowo, Lc; and Papuan cleric, Ustaz Fadlan.
Sheikh Ali Jabeer expressed his happiness to accompany the departure of the Humanitarian Ship, bringing 1,000 tons of rice to the people of Syria who are being hit by misfortune.
"The 1,000 tons of rice distribution will be the beginning of prosperity for Aceh, even the prosperity for the Indonesian nation. Turkey can prosper because of its generosity to Syrian refugees, Aceh will also experience the same after sending 1,000 tons of this rice," said the Medina-born scholar.
Within two years, ACT has distributed more than 5,000 tons of rice and medical equipment to war-affected areas around the world like Myanmar, Somalia, Gaza and Syria.
Currently, on the global scale, ACT continues to develop networks in the form of representative persons to prepare ACT offices abroad. The global program activities have reached 43 countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East, Africa, Indochina and Europe. ACT's working area begins in every humanitarian tragedy in different parts of the world such as natural disasters, hunger and drought, conflicts and wars, including the oppression of minorities of various countries.
Photo - https://photos.prnasia.com/prnh/20180416/2105640-1


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text:
Renavas är en ort i Litauen. Den ligger i den nordvästra delen av landet,  km nordväst om huvudstaden Vilnius. Renavas ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Renavas är platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km söder om Renavas. Runt Renavas är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Mazeikiai,  km öster om Renavas. Omgivningarna runt Renavas är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet.

Trakten ingår i den hemiboreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C.

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Källor

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Le Monêtier-les-Bains is distinguished by strong alpine features, visible glaciers and wild and unspoilt mountainous areas.
In the north of the Hautes-Alpes department, the town occupies the high valley of the Guisane, the name of the river that starts its course at the summit of the Col du Lautaret (2058 m).
It is one of the four communes of the Serre-Chevalier resort and the peak of this major mountain resort whose ski lifts mark the north face of the valley over a stretch of around fifteen kilometres from Briançon.
It covers around 13,000 hectares between the Col du Galibier, the Cerces mountain range (the departure point for the main hikes is at the Pont de l'Alp) and the Parc national des Écrins.
The valley is wide enough to ensure that mountain agriculture still thrives here and still marks the features of the landscape.


ALPHALAS GmbH is a German high-tech company offering a wide range of products in the fields of lasers, optics and laser-related electronics.
The founder and president of ALPHALAS - Prof. Dr. Krassimir Stankov - has 30 years of experience in the development of lasers and laser systems. His deep knowledge in the fields of quantum electronics, optics and nonlinear optics is based on his academic background and many years of leading research at the University of Sofia and the Max-Planck-Institute in Goettingen.


Students at Clark Elementary School are benefiting from newly renovated and more modern classrooms.
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. (WVIR) - Students at Clark Elementary School (CES) are benefiting from newly renovated and more modern classrooms.
The Charlottesville school got an interior makeover this summer, and fourth grade classrooms now include comfortable furniture, relaxed lighting and even book nooks.
"The students love it, especially the lighting. It allows for them to feel comfortable in the space," said teacher Melissa Powell.
"Now it's much newer and more modern. And I like the old design, but I think the newer one is a lot more today and it's going to be easier to work in," said student Neva Boyd.
These updates at CES were part of the city's school modernization plan, and cost around $1 million.
VMDO Architects actually worked with students and teachers at CES to make sure the classroom updates best reflected everyone's needs.
"I felt like I had won the teacher lottery," Powell said.
Every classroom at the elementary school received some kind of update.
"Our other homeroom classrooms did receive furniture, flooring in some cases, a painting, upgrades with technology," CES Principal Anna Isley said.
The fourth grade classrooms will serve as a model for what a modern classroom actually looks like at CES. The hope is that one day the rest of the school will look the same.
"It's just such a positive-learning environment, so I'd love to see that in every classroom," said the principal.
The Charlottesville School Board plans to continue to discuss facilities expansion and updates throughout the fall.


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Expert appraisal services with experience in different specialties and consultant in threatened urban and forest ecosystem with experience from 1994 in private and public sector. Based in Santiago and Valparaíso, provides advice throughout Chile and foreign.
Alejandro Correa is a Expert Appraisal, with a Biologist degree (CBiol MRSB, UK), with postgraduate degree in Urban Economics, is holding out as expert in valuations of movable tangible assets and real estate property in various categories. Is a Judicial Expert (Official Journal of the Republic of Chile, 3 February 1997, Nº 35.682 to date) and registered in the Ministry of Hacienda as a provider of the Chilean Government according to resolution of 2007, advised private companies and public, preparing reports of high complexity. Also is expert in Real estate and machinery assessments. Consultant in Ecology and Environment and registered in the national register of consultants of the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism in environmental and ecological studies in Valparaíso. He was a doctoral researcher at the Museum of Zoology in Barcelona, Spain. Obtaining scholarship for Doctorate in Biology, Fellowships Sir Gareth Roberts (West Glamorgan County Council, Wales, UK). On the other hand he was a candidate at Postdoctoral Fellowship in Molecular Biology and Evolution at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Registered in the Appraisers Association of Chile N° 845047, Valparaíso, Chile.
Oficina: +56233422972 -Móvil: +56 993341862
home | valuation | experience | achievements | contact us | en español
®Víctor Alejandro Correa Rueda 2010, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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The African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) is Africa's first network of centres of excellence in mathematical sciences. We enable the continent's youth to shape the continent's future through Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) education- training Africa's next generation of leaders. AIMS South Africa is one of the centres of excellence for training, research and public engagement in Cape Town, South Africa. AIMS South Africa was established in 2003 as a partnership project of the following 6 universities: Cambridge, Cape Town, Oxford, Paris Sud XI, Stellenbosch, and Western Cape.
AIMS is a call to action to:
Empower Africa's youth to shape its future
Solve global challenges
Drive economic self-sufficiency
"We believe that the next Einstein will be African and that he or she will develop solutions that cross borders and change lives."
AIMS is incubating mathematical sciences to address global challenges. We offer a structured Master's in mathematical sciences and are focused on scientific training, cutting-edge research and public engagement. Our activities include:
TRAINING: AIMS South Africa provides a one-year structured Master's program in Mathematical Sciences that is enabling a critical mass of African academics, researchers and entrepreneurs on the cutting-edge of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). There are intakes in August and January. AIMS South Africa also offers specialised courses as part of regular honours and Master's degree programs at South African universities. AIMS South Africa hosts research and training workshops.
RESEARCH: The AIMS South Africa Research Centre was launched in 2008 and its mission is to conduct and foster outstanding research and learning in the mathematical sciences thus contributing to the next generation of pan-African leaders in many spheres and the advancement of African science and academia within a multicultural environment.
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT: AIMS South Africa through the AIMS Schools Enrichment Centre (AIMSSEC) is building the capacity of Africa's teachers through training programs to increase the pipeline of math and science students. AIMS South Africa hosts and participates in events and exhibitions to promote mathematical sciences in general. AIMS South Africa also has a public lecture series.
Mathematical sciences underlies every modern technology and its application is found in every field. Africa, which will be home to 40 per cent of the world's youth (18 and under) by 2050, is undergoing unprecedented transformation and growth- investing in mathematical sciences is critical to drive the continent's development forward.
STEM education is key to finding solutions for African and global challenges.
AIMS South Africa is located in Muizenberg, a small seaside suburb of Cape Town and an area of outstanding natural beauty. The site is a half hour drive away from the three local Universities, the centre of Cape Town and the Cape Town international airport. Please see the directions to AIMS South Africa if you will be travelling here with your own vehicle.
The main AIMS South Africa building is a self-contained residential centre with excellent computer, library and lecturing facilities. Lecturers and students live and dine in the main building, allowing for maximum contact time in an informal and collegiate setting. The AIMS South Africa Research Centre is housed in 2 buildings accross the road from the main building. These were acquired and renovated by AIMS South Africa in 2007. Tutors and visiting researchers are accommodated in two buildings located a short walk away from the Institute.
Centre President
AIMS | Enseignement-Formation
We're transforming Africa through innovative scientific training, technical advances and breakthrough discoveries! Established in 2003 in Cape Town, South Africa, the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) is a Pan-African network of centres of excellence offering postgraduate training, research, and public engagement for the advancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in Africa. Building on the success of its first Centre in South Africa, AIMS launched the Next Einstein Initiative (NEI) in 2008 to scale up and roll out the AIMS model across the continent. Five additional centres were established in Senegal (2011), Ghana (2012), Cameroon (2013), Tanzania (2014), and Rwanda (2016). Its global secretariat is situated in Kigali, Rwanda and it has global offices in United Kingdom, Germany and Canada. AIMS vision is to lead the transformation of Africa through innovative scientific training, technical advances and breakthrough discoveries which benefit the whole of society and its mission is to enable Africa's brightest students to flourish as independent thinkers, problem solvers and innovators capable of propelling Africa's future scientific, educational and economic self-sufficiency. Collectively, AIMS centres provide an intensive and broad education to over 275 African students each year and prepares them for leadership careers in academia, government and industry. The AIMS educational program relies on top international lecturers who teach in a 24-hour learning environment. If you bring a collaborative spirit with a passion to effect change, consider this opportunity as the… Centre President - AIMS Centre of Excellence The AIMS Centre for Excellence – an international setting that conducts teaching, research and outreach of mathematical sciences -- needs a dynamic leader to inspire, motivate and empower staff, students and guest lecturers alike to embrace and achieve the vision and mandate of the Next Einstein Initiative. Jointly reporting to the President & CEO, AIMS-NEI Secretariat, and to the Centre Board you will ensure the overall smooth and efficient delivery of all strategic and operational aspects of the Centre. As the Centre's senior leader, you will apply your practiced and respected expertise to oversee, direct and manage a diverse team of academic and non-academic professionals to create and sustain a world-class learning environment inclusive of a full functioning academic program, designated research, the student selection process, quality teaching, curriculum structure, course and lecturer selection. Your commitment to the Centre's research initiatives will be demonstrated as you instill and foster an environment that is in pursuit of the highest levels of academic research excellence, contributing to the ongoing development and growth of the mathematical sciences community. You are known for your ability to establish, nurture and maintain effective relationships with higher learning institutions in the country of station, across Africa and internationally and you are at ease identifying, sourcing and engaging with key funding partners/sources (governments and institutions) to facilitate the sustainability of the Centre. You will be an exemplary model to foster a culture that strives to achieve and set exceptional standards among a community of students, tutors, staff and visiting lecturers, all working towards a common goal. This is a 2-year, full-time contract opportunity and will be based in Mbour, Senegal. Do you have what we need?
Doctorate Degree within the mathematical sciences; Additional Degree Achievements in Business, Public Administration, Social Sciences, Development Studies or Educational Leadership, an asset
Full or Associate Professor, with an international research reputation and relationships
Extensive experience (min 10 years) managing advanced teaching programs and research initiatives
A proven track record of developing and professionalizing innovative start-up organizations
Experience and understanding of the requirements for using and working with international donor funding e.g. DFID, IDRC, USAID
Experience working in international environments, managing financial and other resources
A consummate diplomate with the drive to innovate and lead change with a collaborative spirit
Superb relationship management skills to lead, manage and interact with a diverse team of professionals
An influential communicator with strong verbal, writing and presentation skills
Fluency in English is essential; French is a desirable asset
Working knowledge of Microsoft Office Suite, including Excel, PowerPoint, Word and cloud-based applications
Willing and able to travel (25-30%) within and outside of Africa
Are you ready to be a part of the transformation? Submit your letter of motivation, including salary expectations together with a detailed CV in English to: careers@nexteinstein.org quoting "Centre President Senegal" in the subject line. Applications will be accepted until the right candidate is found. Should no feedback be received from AIMS-NEI within four weeks of your submission, kindly accept that your application will not be further pursued. AIMS-NEI reserves the right not to make an appointment at its sole discretion. AIMS-NEI is an equal opportunity employer. JA AIMS pdf
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Miuccia Prada's collection yesterday took some inspiration from the film 'Female Trouble' directed my John Waters in 1974. With the film's theme music featured in the fashion show's soundtrack. The main character 'Dawn Davenport' is a spoiled schoolgirl-turned-juvenile-delinquent who runs away from home and at the end of the film ends up with her in the electric chair. A rebelious school girl feel runs through the collection with tartan, bright leather, ruffles and crop tops. Added with some gorgeous over sized bow details on the shoes, tartan belts, slicked down hair for the ultimate rebellious school girl look.
The inspiration for this ready to wear collection was taken from the 18th century tradition of the Grand Tour. Which is a trip taken by young Europeans to explore the art, culture and traditions of Italy. A beautiful artistic, romantic collection, with long flowing gowns embroidered in wispy gold starfish, or watery seascapes. It was all anchored with knee-high gladiator sandals and half-up, half-down hair that was intertwined with precious gold marine trinkets such as seashells and starfish.
A gorgeous collection to go exploring Europe in!
Marc Jacobs ended his tenure at Louis Vuitton with a brilliant show at Paris Fashion Week showcasing the 2014 spring collection. Marc Jacobs had been the creative director at Louis Vuitton for nearly two decades. A new creative director for Louis Vuitton has not been named, Marc Jacobs will be free to focus on his own line.


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Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd. announces completion of offer for KEYreit - May 16, 2013
Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd. announces completion of offer for KEYreit
FREDERICTON, May 16, 2013 /CNW/ - Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd. (TSXV: PLZ) ("Plazacorp") is pleased to announce that it has been successful in its offer to acquire KEYreit ("KEYreit"). A total of 13,288,370 units of KEYreit ("Units") were validly deposited prior to the expiry time of the offer, representing approximately 88.5% of KEYreit's issued and outstanding Units. 9,894,399 Units were tendered to the cash alternative and 3,393,971 Units were tendered to the share alternative.
Plazacorp has taken up the tendered Units and payment will be made on or before May 22, 2013. KEYreit unitholders who tendered to the offer and elected the cash alternative will receive Cdn.$5.56, representing 66.6% of the total cash amount elected, plus 0.5692 of a Plazacorp common share for each Unit tendered. KEYreit unitholders who tendered to the offer and elected the share alternative will receive 1.7041 of a Plazacorp common share, representing 100% of the total number of Plazacorp shares elected, subject in each case to adjustment for fractional shares. Accordingly, Plazacorp will issue approximately 11,415,391 common shares in respect of the offer.
As the offer has now expired, Plazacorp intends to effect a subsequent acquisition transaction as soon as practicable and in any event within the next 60 days in order to acquire all of the remaining Units. With more than 66 2/3% of the Units having been deposited and taken up by Plazacorp under its offer, Plazacorp is in a position to cause a subsequent acquisition transaction to be approved by KEYreit's unitholders at a special meeting of unitholders to be convened and held for such purpose. On the completion of the subsequent acquisition transaction, Plazacorp intends to de-list the Units from the Toronto Stock Exchange.
ABOUT PLAZACORP
Plazacorp is a mutual fund corporation and is one of the leading retail property owners and developers in Eastern Canada. Plazacorp's current portfolio includes interests in 119 properties totaling 5.2 million square feet and additional lands held for development. Plazacorp's properties include a mix of strip plazas, stand-alone small box retail outlets and enclosed shopping centres, anchored by approximately 90% national tenants including Shoppers Drug Mart, Dollarama, Staples, Mark's Work Warehouse, Sobeys, and others. Our top ten tenants contribute just over 53% of total rent. Plazacorp is fully internalized, therefore providing shareholders directly with the synergies that come with an internalized management structure. Plazacorp has proven its strong "value-add" capabilities to develop, redevelop and acquire retail real estate throughout Atlantic Canada, Quebec and Ontario. Plazacorp has a strong track record of generating growth in distributions, having increased its distributions at least once every year in the last 10 years. As a result of its capabilities, its performance and its ability to increase dividends, Plazacorp's share price has also increased significantly since inception.
More information about Plazacorp can be found on our website at www.plaza.ca or at www.sedar.com.
Neither the TSXV nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSXV) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
SOURCE: Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd.
Visit our website at: www.plaza.ca
Michael Zakuta (President and CEO) at (514) 457-0997 ext #228, or
Floriana Cipollone (Chief Financial Officer) at (416) 848-4583
Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd.
E3B 1B8


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Entrepreneurship World Cup: Saudi Finalist Dhad
Posted on November 12, 2019 by KAUST Innovation
It is often said that language is the most common unifying factor in a culture. Languages and dialects are often used to celebrate that culture's customs and traditions and, indeed, from the time man came to express himself it was language that brought storytellers, the keeper of histories, and the lynchpin of communication. Dhad, a Saudi-based technology platform which grew out of the 9/10ths accelerator program in partnership with KAUST, aims to connect readers throughout the Middle East and abroad with readable content they can easily access through their application. They have often been compared to 'Audible' – offering both audio books and periodicals written in Arabic and those publications translated into Arabic.
Startup founder, Manar Al-Omayri, developed Dhad as a way to democratize and solve what she saw as a very fragmented publishing market. "The publishing sector in the Middle East in general is fragmented," says Al-Omayri, "The distribution market is really weak and that's why you don't see people from different regions exposed to different cultures of other Arabic countries or countries from the MENA region. I get really emotional when I see statistics and numbers that say we are lowest nation in the whole world that reads."
In response to this Al-Omayri set about creating a powerful app that would make it easy to gain access to recorded reading material. "Most of the population in the Middle East are really young and most of their purchase behavior is online." Explains Al-Omayri, "So they aren't the type of people to go find what they are looking for in a bookstore or a library branch. Put that together with the distribution problems and the regulations in other countries with regard to publishing and it's a dreadful experience – that's why people don't read."
Dhad started in 2014 as a service offered business to business only. However, as e-commerce strengthened and people increasingly adopted digital technology and smart phones, Dhad was launched as an app in 2016. Since then it has achieved tremendous success with some books purchased more than 10,000 times – a rare achievement for printed books. With the Dhad app, readers can find and listen to a book, magazine, audio show, or even just a book summary with one click. The app suits busy lifestyles and modern purchase behaviors allowing readers and listeners to digest content on the go. It's an app that anyone in the world can use and all the content is in Arabic. Though customers are mostly from Saudi Arabia, they also come from the Gulf countries, Egypt, North Africa, and Jordan as well as America, Argentina, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Manar Al-Omayri, founder of Dhad App, a Saudi finalist at the Entrepreneurship World Cup.
KAUST powers startups through 9/10ths accelerator
Al-Omaryri had graduated from 9/10ths startup accelerator program in partnership with KAUST, one of the entrepreneurship programs offered at the university. This program is a Human Resources Development Fund (HRDF) initiative organized in partnership with KAUST which aims to develop early-stage entrepreneurs and their concepts into new, high-potential startups and to accelerate the development of the Saudi Arabian startup ecosystem.
"All through the 9/10ths Accelerator at KAUST, there was always growth." Said Al-Omayri, "I've learned a lot from that experience. I connected with mentors who opened my eyes to a lot of new things such as business development and even beyond. I come from a very scientific background and field so I didn't have the business knowledge I needed to run my startup, and that's what the accelerator has really helped me with."
Dhad Wins Saudi Finals of Entrepreneurship World Cup
In June 2019, Dhad pitched and won at the Saudi finals of the Entrepreneurship World Cup (EWC) which qualifies startups to compete for millions in prize money that took place in November 2019 at the Misk Global Forum (MGF) finals. Competitors from 90 other countries will vie for the final prize. "Being one of six finalists nationwide is overwhelming, and it's even more overwhelming to know that I will be one in many hundreds of the best startups from each country." Said Al-Omayri. "It really feels very challenging and competitive but at the same time I feel good that my startup has gotten to this level. Now we're ready to show the world what we are doing."
Like many startups, Dhad's true aim is a real social impact with its celebration and preservation of the Arabic language. The time in the 9/10ths Accelerator program with its intense entrepreneurship training, access to investors, and one-on-one sessions with mentors, allowed the entrepreneurs the space to discover who they were and learn that short term goals are truly the pathway to the long-term.
Learn more about the Entrepreneurship World Cup
KAUST to Host Over 100 Startups From 64 Countries for Misk's Entrepreneurship World Cup
KAUST Startups Sweep Wins at Misk's Entrepreneurship World Cup
Highlights of KAUST Startups 2018
This entry was posted in Entrepreneurship and tagged Entrepreneurship, KAUST, Misk Global Forum. Bookmark the permalink.


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1 0. ‡aHitless wonder : ‡ba life in minor league rock and roll / ‡cJoe Oestreich.
1. ‡aGuilford, Connecticut : ‡bLyons Press, ‡c2012.
0 . ‡aThe first leg. The headliners : Detroit, Michigan -- Happy days : Milwaukee, Wisconsin -- A busload of faith : Chicago, Illinois -- Racing in the street : Columbus, Ohio -- The second leg. Going mobile : Columbus, Ohio -- Rock and roll professionals : Toledo, Ohio -- The call up : New York, New York -- The majors : New York, New York -- The third leg. Left of the dial : Baltimore, Maryland -- It's a long way to the top : Charlotte, North Carolina -- Celebrating the end of hope : Charleston, South Carolina/Raleigh, North Carolina -- The best is yet to come : Columbus, Ohio.
0. ‡aRock groups ‡zUnited States ‡vBiography.


text:
INEOS and Hyundai Motor Company cooperate on driving the Hydrogen Economy Forward
SEOUL / LONDON – WEBWIRE – Monday, November 23, 2020
Hyundai and INEOS signed a memorandum of understanding to explore together new opportunities in the hydrogen economy
Opportunities include production and supply of hydrogen as well as new hydrogen applications, technologies and business models
The two companies will also work together to explore the use of the Hyundai fuel cell system in the INEOS Grenadier vehicle
Hyundai Motor Company and INEOS announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding to explore new opportunities to accelerate the global hydrogen economy.
Hyundai and INEOS will jointly investigate opportunities for the production and supply of hydrogen as well as the worldwide deployment of hydrogen applications and technologies. Both companies will initially seek to facilitate public and private sector projects focused on the development of a hydrogen value chain in Europe.
The agreement also includes the evaluation of Hyundai's proprietary fuel cell system for the recently announced INEOS Grenadier 4x4 vehicle. This cooperation represents an important step in INEOS' efforts to diversify its powertrain options at an early stage.
Hyundai's proprietary modular fuel cell system, which evaluation vehicles will use, has already proven reliable and effective in the Hyundai NEXO SUV. The world's first dedicated hydrogen-powered SUV has the longest driving range among hydrogen-powered vehicles in the market. Hyundai is one of leading company in the field of fuel cell technology having started the world's first mass production of fuel cell electric vehicles in 2013.
Hydrogen Vehicle
"INEOS' move into the development of a fuel cell electric vehicle and hydrogen ecosystem marks yet another milestone towards sustainable and clean transportation," said Saehoon Kim, Senior Vice President and Head of Fuel Cell Center at Hyundai Motor Company. "Hyundai believes this will provide an important low-carbon option across a wide range of sectors. We also hope our decades-long expertise in hydrogen fuel cell work in synergy with INEOS' expertise in field of chemistry to realize the mass production of green hydrogen and fuel cells for the Grenadier."
Peter Williams Technology Director INEOS, said, "The agreement between INEOS and Hyundai presents both companies with new opportunities to extend a leading role in the clean hydrogen economy. Evaluating new production processes, technology and applications, combined with our existing capabilities puts us in a unique position to meet emerging demand for affordable, low-carbon energy sources and the needs of demanding 4x4 owners in the future."
INEOS recently launched a new business to develop and build clean hydrogen capacity across Europe in support of the drive towards a zero-carbon future. The company currently produces 300,000 tons of hydrogen a year mainly as a by-product from its chemical manufacturing operations.
Through its subsidiary INOVYN, INEOS is Europe's largest existing operator of electrolysis, the critical technology that uses renewable energy to produce hydrogen for power generation, transportation and industrial use. Its experience in storage and handling of hydrogen combined with its established know-how in electrolysis technology, puts INEOS in a unique position to drive progress towards a carbon-free future based on hydrogen.
In 2018, Hyundai Motor Group announced its mid-to long-term roadmap, Fuel Cell Vision 2030, to increase annual production of hydrogen fuel cell systems to 700,000 units by 2030.
Established in 1967, Hyundai Motor Company offers a range of world-class vehicles and mobility services in more than 200 countries. Hyundai Motor sold more than 4.4 million vehicles globally in 2019, and currently employs some 120,000 personnel worldwide. The company is enhancing its product lineup with vehicles designed to help usher in a more sustainable future, while offering innovative solutions to real-world mobility challenges. Through the process, Hyundai aims to facilitate 'Progress for Humanity' with smart mobility solutions that vitalize connections between people and provide quality time to its customers.
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Image rights © Hyundai Motor Company 2020
Oil / Energy


Lapland has to offer Rovaniemi to the world of Christmas. Here Christmas is celebrated on a very bombastic level. Tourists from all round the world visit this place to celebrate the snowy Christmas. Lapland celebrates Christmas with Santa and his gifts. The North Pole of the Arctic Circle is dominated with the beautiful, serene and classic touch of the Christmas. Every year thousands of tourists visit this place to enjoy their heart out. The Christmas tree, lightings, stars and cute kids are the elements which dazzle the Christmas Eve and the Christmas night.
Malta of Bethlehem is the core place of Jesus Christ. His birth place is very highly celebrated with loads of fun and frolic. The celebration and rejoicing is taken on a very large medium; the people open their shutters on a very warmly manner and welcome the people of the earth. Tourists from various countries, cities, towns and counties visit this place with love in their heart and mind fused. Bethlehem is the birth place of Jesus Christ. The life-size area of Bethlehem is 20,000 square meters. The well known Manoel Theater of Malta is famous for its annual Christmas Pantomime: the last known famous theme was Pinocchio.
Germany is the place of Christians. Every church and chapel lights up in Christmas; Nuremberg is the best place for celebrating the most glittering, Dazzling and bombastic Christmas. The most outstanding factor is the number of tourists visiting this city every year. The Nuremberg Christmas market is filled with more than two million tourists every year. The tourists enjoy the beautiful and soothing Christmas in Nuremberg every year.


I love that we have so many fun and different tools to create with. I really like how this turned out.
6 (June 2016), showing several well-known, early unofficial journals on its front cover and alluding to June Fourth.


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FDOT to soon begin $13 million resurfacing project on Hutchison Boulevard
Nathan Cobb
The News Herald
PANAMA CITY BEACH − A large resurfacing project is around the corner for a busy road on the beach.
According to Ian Satter, spokesperson for the Florida Department of Transportation, the group plans to begin in January an almost $13 million project to resurface about 3 miles of Hutchison Boulevard. It also will install new sidewalks on the south side of the road and upgrade existing sidewalks in the area.
The project will be funded by the state, not Panama City Beach.
More resurfacing:Panama City Beach will spend $3.3 million to resurface almost 40 roads next year
"We evaluate all of the roadways on the state highway system," Satter said. "The pavement and asphalt, just like everything else, has a lifespan. ... Maintenance, which includes these resurfacing projects, (is) a key component for us. We want to make sure we do these resurfacing project based on looking at the lifespan and condition of the pavement."
Panama City Beach reminded residents about the upcoming FDOT project in a Facebook post on Friday. As of Monday morning, the post had 62 reactions, 27 comments and 21 shares.
"We know construction is never fun, even if it is an upgrade at your own house," PCB said in a comment on its post. "But in the end, there is the reward of something new and updated that we can find joy in."
In addition to the FDOT project, PCB plans to resurface about 17 miles of additional roads next year. The PCB resurfacing project will revamp almost 40 city roads and cost the beach more than $3.3 million.
The city also hopes to begin in 2023 work on three segments of the Front Beach Road Community Redevelopment Area Plan. They are:
Planning for the future:Panama City Beach approves new comprehensive growth and development plan
Segment 4.1 − Reconstruction of Front Beach Road east of Lullwater Drive to about Hills Road. Construction is scheduled to begin toward the middle of 2023. About $14.31 million is budgeted for this project in fiscal year 2023.
Segment 4.2 − Reconstruction of Front Beach Road east of Hills Road to about Lantana Street. Construction is scheduled to begin toward the end of 2023. About $17.16 million is budgeted for this project in fiscal year 2023.
Segment 4.3 − Reconstruction of Front Beach Road from Hutchison Boulevard to about Richard Jackson Boulevard. Construction is scheduled to begin toward the end of 2023 or beginning of 2024. About $12.25 million is budgeted for this project in fiscal year 2023.
Satter noted the majority of work on FDOT's project to resurface Hutchison Boulevard will occur overnight to minimize its impact on drivers. There will not be any lane closures on the road from 7:30 a.m. to 10 p.m.
He said the project is expected to be complete by the end of 2023.
"With a new, resurfaced roadway, you have a level surface where you don't have rutting, where you don't have the wear and tear on the roadway, (which) makes the vehicles have a much more smooth and safer condition to drive on," Satter said. "(FDOT's) No. 1 mission is the safety of the traveling public."


11x17 Filing Cabinet to hold your 11" x 17" tabloid paper. We are currently researching and developing this filing cabinet. We would appreciate having your input while we are developing this product. Below is a poll that will help us understand what you are looking for. Currently our prototype is being developed and we are open to constructive criticism.
Please see below and share with us your thoughts and ideas so that we can implement them into creating this product.


On January 10, 2012, the Department of Health and Human Services released an Interim Final Rule (IFR), "Administrative Simplification: Adoption of Standards for Health Care Electronic Funds Transfers and Remittance Advice." The IFR 1) adopted NACHA's CCD with Addenda Record (CCD+) as the standard for healthcare EFT, 2) adopted the X12 835 TR3 TRN Segment as the standard for the data content of the Addenda Record, and 3) discussed NACHA's role in developing and maintaining the CCD+.
While the compliance date for this regulation is January 1, 2014, health plans and providers have already begun using the CCD+ Addenda Record for healthcare payments. Financial institutions should expect to see a steady increase in ACH transactions volume as well as requests for the delivery of remittance information in the weeks and months ahead.
One of the major barriers to provider acceptance of ACH transactions is difficulty in identifying the TRN Reassociation Trace Number as required in the CCD+ Addenda Record. Financial institutions could help overcome this impediment by educating providers to ask for the number by name. Financial institutions can also support providers by ensuring they have a product available that will deliver remittance data, if requested, by opening of business on the second banking day following settlement, as required by the NACHA Operating Rules.
Moreover, FIs should consider educating customer-facing staff to prepare for a possible upsurge in remittance data requests or requests for the "CORE-required Minimum CCD+ Reassociation Data Elements." Training staff on how to sign up customers and where to find additional information will go a long way in easing future growing pains.
For more information on healthcare legislation and its impact on financial institutions and providers, visit NACHA's healthcare microsite at healthcare.nacha.org.


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Q: How can I tell strongswan that left is local (independent of IPs)? Is there something like local = left which I could use in the strongSwan configuration?
I don't want to use any IP-addresses, as they might change. And I don't want the server to guess it, I want to fix it that way beyond any doubt.
In all of my "client-to-site" configurations I could not copy over the configuration to the other side unmodified. Not even the connection-section alone. Together with the fact that there seems no way to force it, this left/right-division is really not to my liking...

A: left = local is the default. Only if an IP or resolved FQDN defined in right matches a local IP will the sides be switched. The left|right distinction is a legacy from FreeS/WAN and obviously mostly useful in site-to-site and host-to-host scenarios.
Edit: The charon.plugins.stroke.allow_swap option mentioned in the comments that allows to ensure left = local is supported since strongSwan 5.3.3.
An alternative is to use a VICI / swanctl based config, which allows to clearly specify local and remote addresses.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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What Europeans believe about Hiroshima and Nagasaki—and why it matters
By Benoît Pelopidas, Kjølv Egeland | August 3, 2020
Japanese military leaders aboard the USS Missouri during the surrender ceremony in early September, 1945. Credit: Public Domain.
Did the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki shorten the war, and were they necessary to force the Japanese surrender? Many people believe the answer to both questions is yes: In dropping the Bomb, America chose the lesser of two evils.
Although historians have long challenged this narrative as wrong or misleading, a significant number of Europeans still believe it. That is the primary result of a recent survey of European views on nuclear affairs generally and the atomic bombings of Japan specifically. The survey, carried out in October 2019, involved approximately 7,000 respondents aged 18 and upward, carefully selected to ensure representative samples from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
The survey also shows that those who believe the bombings were necessary and effective at significantly shortening the war are more likely to harbor skepticism toward nuclear disarmament than those who do not. That being said, European publics remain on the whole staunch in their support for the elimination of nuclear weapons. Even in nuclear-armed France and the United Kingdom, large majorities reject the idea that nuclear weapons could ever be used morally. Although others across the world may hold similar views, to date there has been no broad survey posing these questions in the United States or elsewhere. Future surveys could investigate whether the same pattern exists beyond Europe.
Interrogating the "Stimson narrative." The debate about the moral acceptability and military necessity of the atomic bombings of Japan began almost immediately after the end of the war. While the American public was broadly accepting of the government's decision to use the atomic bomb, several commentators criticized it. As the historian Barton Bernstein has documented, this criticism irked many of those responsible for the bomb's development and use. The result was a coordinated campaign by a handful of wartime atomic policy makers, aimed at demolishing "the wrong kind of thinking." Among the most influential contributions to this campaign was former US Secretary of War Henry Stimson's February 1947 article in Harper's Magazine, "The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb." Stimson's article, as well as his memoir, published with McGeorge Bundy in 1948 (Bundy was also the uncredited co-author of the Harper's piece), provided a starting point for historians seeking to make sense of the decision-making process that led to the atomic bombings in August 1945.
The story told by the former secretary of war and his allies was the following: After careful deliberation, American authorities decided that the use of atomic bombs would be the lesser of two evils. According to Stimson's calculation, the choice to use atomic weapons was "a decision that brought death to over a hundred thousand Japanese." However, Stimson argued, the bombings spared America, her allies, and the world at large of what would inevitably have been a gruesome invasion of the Japanese home islands. "I was informed," Stimson wrote, that an invasion "might be expected to cost over a million casualties, to American forces alone. Additional large losses might be expected among our allies, and, of course, if our campaign were successful and if we could judge by previous experience, enemy casualties would be much larger than our own." Ultimately, the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki "put an end to the Japanese war."
The Stimson narrative has since been challenged by several historians on multiple grounds. First, it does not appear that the US executive spent much time deliberating whether atomic weapons should be used or not. Discussions instead focused on how, when, and where they would be employed.
Second, Stimson's utilitarian calculation appears to be based on numbers overly flattering to his own case. According to declassified documents, the US military estimated in June 1945 that a full-scale invasion of the Japanese home islands, in the worst-case scenario, could be expected to incur up to 220,000 casualties—quite far from Stimson's "over a million." Moreover, of the 220,000 casualties, only 46,000 were projected as fatalities. The number of people killed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, on the other hand, was probably at least twice as high as the "over a hundred thousand Japanese" reported by Stimson in 1947.
Third, the idea that the US government was faced with only two options in August 1945—full invasion or atomic bombing of Japanese population centers—has little basis in reality. Alternative courses of action, not mutually exclusive, would have included negotiations, a demonstration of the atomic bomb in an uninhabited area, continued strategic bombing short of the use of atomic weapons, continued economic blockade, and waiting for the Soviets to declare war against the Japanese empire.
Fourth, it is not clear that the atomic bombs were in fact responsible for the Japanese surrender. The Japanese war cabinet had over an extended period of time been divided between a "peace party," which argued that Japan should seek an end to the war as quickly as possible, and a "war party," which argued the war should be continued as Japan sought good offices from the Soviet Union to negotiate a peace deal with the United States and Britain. In the view of the acclaimed historian Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, who consulted primary sources in Japanese, it was the Soviet Union's breach of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact and attack against Japan on August 9, 1945 that tipped the scale and forced the emperor's decision to surrender the very next day (the final decision was formalized a few days later, following discussions within the Japanese executive). In the absence of the Soviet invasion, Hasegawa concludes, the two atomic bombs would "most likely not have prompted the Japanese to surrender, so long as they still had hope that Moscow would mediate."
The historian John Dower concurs: The Soviet entry into war was more important than the atomic bombing in producing Japanese surrender. Once the Soviets intervened, the Japanese appear to have favored surrendering to Washington over allowing Moscow to conquer their country. At the same time, from the perspective of the Japanese government, the atomic bombings provided an opportunity to frame the Japanese military's shattering defeat as a result not of its own incompetence, but as an outcome of the introduction of a new and revolutionary weapon by the enemy. In Dower's words, the atomic bombings allowed the Japanese emperor to spin the capitulation as "nothing less than a magnanimous act that might save humanity itself from annihilation by an atrocious adversary."
In an era of climate change and COVID, Hiroshima reminds us of another existential threat.
In fact, according to the US Air Force's own review, finalized not long after the end of the war, Japan would likely have surrendered that same autumn even in the absence of atomic bombings or an invasion. Similarly, the Joint Chiefs of Staff expressed skepticism about the use of atomic bombs both before and after the fact.
In summary, many of the central claims on which the official story about Hiroshima and Nagasaki is founded—that the atomic bombings were necessary to end the war, that they ended a conflict that otherwise would have slogged on, and that they saved a large number of American soldiers' lives—appear to rest on shaky ground. While certain aspects of the story stand up to scrutiny, others have been proven plain wrong, and others remain contested by scholarship. But have people caught up with the historiography?
European views on the atomic bombings of Japan. Asked to note their agreement or disagreement with the statement that "the atomic bombings of Japan in World War II shortened the war significantly," 23 percent of respondents to the October 2019 survey "strongly" agreed, 29 percent "somewhat" agreed, 31 percent reported no opinion, 9 percent "somewhat" disagreed, and 8 percent "strongly" disagreed. In other words, while 52 percent of respondents expressed support for the idea that the war was significantly shortened by the atomic bombings, only 17 percent pushed back against that idea.
Regarding the question of whether "the atomic bombings of Japan in World War II were necessary to bring Japan to surrender," the survey results were more balanced. 12 percent of respondents "strongly" agreed, 19 percent "somewhat" agreed, 33 percent reported no opinion, 15 percent "somewhat" disagreed, and 21 percent "strongly" disagreed.
On the statement, "The atomic bombings of Japan in World War II saved American soldiers' lives," 14 percent of respondents expressed that they "strongly" agreed, 25 percent that they "somewhat" agreed, 38 percent reported no opinion, 11 percent expressed that they "somewhat" disagreed, and 13 percent expressed that they "strongly" disagreed.
Finally, asked to note their agreement or disagreement with the statement that "the atomic bombings of Japan in World War II killed innocent civilians," 71 percent of respondents to the 2019 survey "strongly" agreed, 14 percent "somewhat" agreed, 12 percent expressed no opinion, and less than 5 percent "strongly" or "somewhat" disagreed.
The results suggest that the Stimson narrative still holds sway among Europeans, but that support might be weakening over time. On each statement, older respondents were slightly more likely than younger respondents to express agreement with Stimson's interpretation of the atomic bombings.
Finally, it bears mentioning that British respondents stand out among the nine European populations sampled as the greatest believers in the Stimson narrative. The results unfortunately do not give further insight into the causes of this tendency, but three mutually reinforcing hypotheses are plausible. First, the shared language of the United States and the United Kingdom allows narratives and talking points to travel relatively frictionless across borders. Second, the United Kingdom was directly involved in the building of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project and, by extension, partly responsible for the fates of the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Patriotic Brits may therefore be more susceptible to wishfully thinking that the bombings were decisive in ending the war and saving lives. An indication of this may be that, according to the survey data, Brits who express disagreement with the statement "I see myself as part of the European Union" are significantly more likely to subscribe to the constitutive claims of the Stimson narrative. Third, the same kind of mechanism could operate vicariously through the US–British "special relationship": British respondents, through affective identification with the US position, were predisposed to accepting the narrative that the bombings were meaningful and thereby justified. It is notable that the British public holds significantly stronger support for the Stimson narrative than do the French—citizens of Western Europe's other nuclear-armed state.
Attitudes toward nuclear disarmament. European publics have long offered strong support for arms control and the elimination of nuclear weapons. This pattern is further corroborated by the survey data, which show consistent support for nuclear disarmament. While 74 percent of respondents expressed support for "an international agreement for eliminating nuclear weapons," only 6 percent expressed opposition (the rest reporting no opinion). On the statement "It is desirable to eliminate all nuclear weapons worldwide within the next 25 years," 60 percent expressed "strong" agreement and 20 percent agreed "somewhat." And while 13 percent expressed that they neither agreed nor disagreed, only 7 percent "strongly" or "somewhat" disagreed.
The support for disarmament is robust and consistent: 81 percent of respondents who strongly agreed with the goal of eliminating nuclear weapons within 25 years also offered strong support for an agreement to eliminate nuclear weapons. Perhaps unsurprisingly, of the populations sampled, enthusiasm for the goal of disarmament was highest in Germany, where 76 percent "strongly" agreed with the notion that the elimination of nuclear weapons would be desirable, and lowest in France, where about half the population, 49 percent, expressed "strong" agreement (and an additional 28 percent agreeing "somewhat").
However, there is clear relationship between degree of faith in the Stimson narrative and support for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Respondents who said the atomic bombings shortened the war significantly, were necessary to bring about the Japanese surrender, or saved American soldiers' lives were significantly more likely to believe that the abolition of nuclear weapons would "make the world less safe" compared to those who did not express such views.
For example, among respondents who expressed "strong agreement" with the idea that the atomic bombings were "necessary" to bring the war to an end (12 percent of the total number of respondents), 43 percent agreed that abolition would make the world less safe and 38 percent disagreed. By contrast, among respondents who expressed "strong disagreement" with the notion that the atomic bombings were necessary (22 percent of the total number of respondents), only 9 percent agreed that abolition would make the world less safe while 81 percent disagreed.
In Ukraine, Putin tries his hand at nuclear blackmail. Here are seven ways to thwart him.
On the question of which strategies states without nuclear weapons should use to protect themselves in a nuclear-armed world, believers in the Stimson narrative were also significantly less likely to pick "Advocate for the abolition of nuclear weapons" as one of their favored options. (Other options included "seek protection by the nuclear weapons of their allies," "develop their own nuclear weapons for self-defense," "receive guarantees that nuclear weapons will never be used against them," "build a strong conventional arsenal but not nuclear weapons," and "request protection from allies without asking for the use of nuclear weapons." Multiple answers were possible.) Conversely, respondents who do not accept the Stimson narrative were more likely to pick advocacy for abolition as a reasonable security strategy for non-nuclear-weapon states.
The data also show statistically significant correlations between, on the one hand, the beliefs that the atomic bombings saved American soldiers' lives and were necessary to force the Japanese to surrender, and, on the other, lower levels of support for the statement that "it is desirable to eliminate all nuclear weapons worldwide within the next 25 years." Those who believe the bombings were necessary and saved American soldiers' livers are also more likely than those who do not hold such views to disagree with the statement, "I support an international agreement for eliminating all nuclear weapons."
All of this said, however, a majority of respondents, including a majority of believers in the Stimson narrative, favor abolition. In other words: Most believers in the Stimson narrative do not oppose disarmament, but most opponents of disarmament believe in the Stimson narrative.
Asked whether there are "any circumstances in which the use of nuclear weapons is morally acceptable" (a question that was only asked of French and British respondents), 79 percent responded that "it is never morally acceptable to use nuclear weapons." Only 21 percent responded that, "under certain circumstances, it might be morally acceptable to use nuclear weapons." This may be taken as an indication that support for the Stimson narrative does not translate into moral support for the use of nuclear weapons in the future.
But for those who maintain that nuclear weapons might be used morally, which conditions do they identify as valid for the use of such arms? Of the 21 percent of respondents who expressed that the use of nuclear weapons might be morally acceptable under certain circumstances, 50 percent submitted "If the existence of my country is in peril," 45 percent submitted "As a response to a nuclear strike," 16 percent submitted "If an allied country is attacked," and 35 percent submitted "To defeat terrorist groups." 45 percent—amounting to 9 percent of all respondents—submitted the scenario that most resembles the Stimson narrative about the atomic bombings of Japan: "To end a war, if doing so saves lives."
Future memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A last but crucial question is whether memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are likely to endure in the future. Asked to identify which city or cities were bombed with nuclear weapons during World War II, 85 percent of respondents to the 2019 survey correctly identified Hiroshima and 67 percent correctly identified Nagasaki.
There is, however, a notable correlation between being able to identify the correct cities and age; older respondents are more likely than younger respondents to know that Hiroshima and Nagasaki were targeted. For example, while 80 percent of respondents aged 70 or older correctly identify Nagasaki as having been bombed, only 53 percent of respondents under the age of 20 were able to remember Nagasaki. The fact that Nagasaki is less frequently identified than Hiroshima in every country (the difference amounts to 18 percent of respondents overall and varies from 11 to 23 percent depending on the country) may have an impact on the meaning people assign to atomic weapons and bombings, which vulnerabilities they take into account, and the possibilities for the future development of nuclear policy.
Beyond accuracy's sake, recent discoveries about Nagasaki bring an important dimension to nuclear politics that is often overlooked: the vulnerability of nuclear command and control and the role of luck in the outcome of nuclear events. While the attack on Hiroshima was well planned and executed, the opposite is true for the one on Nagasaki, which was originally just a secondary target and ended up being struck by a bomber heading for Kokura. The causes of that in-flight change remain debated, but even years later, the head of the Manhattan project, Lt. Gen. Leslie Groves, was not able to understand why Nagasaki ever became the target. Even after the change, ground zero ended up being some three-quarters of a mile off target.
So, remembering Nagasaki opens up a space for thinking about the vulnerability of the command and control of nuclear operations and the possible role of luck in some of their outcomes. Whether or not Nagasaki features in the narrative can shift the memory of the bombings from a story of strategic rationality, calculated decision making, and military planning and implementation to a story of errors, contingency, and bad luck for Nagasaki and good luck for Kokura.
While the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are often portrayed as the epitome of the material vulnerability of human societies to nuclear weapons, those societies are also vulnerable to forgetfulness, misremembering, and myth-making, creating a gap between warranted and actual levels of confidence in particular claims. Seventy-five years after the events—and in spite of the progress of historical scholarship—the Stimson narrative continues to hold sway among large sections of the public, shaping views on nuclear policy issues. By contrast, nuclear close calls and enduring weaknesses in the command and control of nuclear operations dating back all the way to the bombing of Nagasaki tend to be overlooked. It is the responsibility of scholars and educators to work against such epistemic vulnerability to expose citizens to the latest advances of knowledge so that they can independently form their political views.
Funding note: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreements 759707 and 841764)
Keywords: Europe, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, World War II, polls
Topics: Analysis, Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Nuclear Risk
Charles Forsberg
This old debate misses some unexplained realities. The Russians had no real navy. They could grab China but could not invade Japan–an island nation that exists because it is a set of offshore islands and hard to invade as shown by a thousand years of history.. It would have taken far longer for the Russians to build a fleet to invade Japan than the American conquest of Japan. The Japanese were well aware of these realities. If there had been no cold war, would anybody have seriously considered the Russian attack as decisive? Are we interpreting reality in hindsight to… Read more »
You omit one obvious reason why British respondents should favour the Stimson narrative. Britain was an active combatant in the area (and, of course, the only one of those European countries not occupied, neutral, or on the Axis side). Many thousands of British captives (both military and civilian) were brutalized by the Japanese. Many died as a result of forced labour and malnutrition. At the end of the war Japan had around 100 000 Allied POWs in the home islands and their lives were in the balance. Maybe you should ask the Europeans their views on the possible use of… Read more »
Motloli Mothepu
Great analysis – but I personally think there is one glaring ommission: The use of the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki made the weapon real. Even as world powers scrambled to build nuclear arsenals to 'protect themselves' – no one could ever lose sight of the image of the effects of actually using them. For the greater good of humanity, that there has always been a strong abolitionist movement against nuclear armaments might be the greatest legacy of the suffering experienced in these two cities and the nation of Japan
Jim Birch
Hmmm. It's too easy to develop an armchair analysis decades later and it is obviously motivated by quite different contingencies. The mythologies of western liberalism and the generic individual call for all lives to valued equally; the logic of war discounts enemy casualties, for reasons that should be obvious. To me, that's more of a reason for avoiding war. It seems crazy to me to imagine that the US command could, would, or should choose a path that would prolong the war for an indefinite period and produce an unknown but likely huge number of US and allied casualties. I… Read more »
Dr. T. Douglas Reill
Reply to Jim Birch
Thank you for this response; it is spot on. President Truman was never told of the Manhattan Project as Vice President. When FDR died, Sec'y of War Harold Stimson explained it to him; he also told him of the expected fatalities from Operation Downfall, the planned 1- to 2-year assault on the Japanese mainland. These were 500,000-to-1 million US and Allied deaths and 8-to-10 million Japanese deaths. Little Boy and Fat Man actually saved millions of US and Japanese lives.
Dr. T. Douglas Reilly, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Kent A. Peacock
In their article "What Europeans believe about Hiroshima and Nagasaki—and why it matters" Benoît Pelopidas and Kjølv Egeland argue that the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was unjustifiable, not only morally or legally, but militarily, in that Japan likely would have surrendered quite soon anyway. I want to draw into question not so much Pelopidas and Egeland's conclusions, but their sense of certainty. There is no question that the atomic bombing of the two cities in Japan in 1945 was an act of extreme brutality and cruelty. As well, very few would disagree that nuclear weapons must never be used… Read more »
Stalin had committed to entering the Pacific War within 90 days of the end of the war in Europe; he upheld his commitment to his allies. But that is neither here nor there: The point is that the Japanese had turned the Pacific Campaign into an unimaginable bloodbath in island after island, concluding with Okinawa, with 12,000 U.S. deaths. Anyone who thinks that an invasion of the Japanese home islands would have been less than 10-to-20 times that number is willfully disregarding the unmistakable message sent to the U.S. during that campaign. The military estimate of 46,000 comes from the… Read more »
Benoît Pelopidas
Benoît Pelopidas is the founder of the Nuclear Knowledges program at the Center for International Studies at Sciences Po in Paris (formerly chair of... Read More
Kjølv Egeland
Kjølv Egeland is Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow in Security Studies at Sciences Po, focusing on strategic narratives and global nuclear... Read More
This project is part of a collaboration between the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the Stanley Foundation.
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BURAK, PETER thru BURAK, VINCENT
BURAK, PETER was born 3 August 1917, received Social Security number 020-05-1550 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died July 1984
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BURAK, PETER was born 18 March 1926, received Social Security number 048-12-5352 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died December 1978
BURAK, PETER was born 22 July 1915, received Social Security number 194-07-2547 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died February 1986
BURAK, PETER H. was born 7 December 1922, received Social Security number 383-12-1748 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 31 July 1994
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BURAK, PETER MICHAEL died at age 62, and was buried in Block 6 Section X of St Marys in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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BURAK, PHILIP F. was born 5 April 1917, received Social Security number 390-14-5139 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 8 July 1991
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BURAK, PHILLIP was born 25 October 1933, received Social Security number 365-34-2164 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 12 January 1991
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BURAK, PHILLIP E. was born 17 July 1984, received Social Security number 397-94-1410 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 25 February 2012
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BURAK, PIOTR was born 1 August 1914, received Social Security number 269-30-3265 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died October 1972
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BURAK, PRASKOV was born 1 November 1906, received Social Security number 127-36-9337 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died January 1978
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BURAK, RALPH was born 5 June 1894, received Social Security number 180-32-8984 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died January 1967
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BURAK, RICHARD M. was born 2 September 1947, received Social Security number 036-32-5153 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died 27 November 2006
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Burak, Richard M., Rank: SP5, Branch: US ARMY, War: VIETNAM, was born 2 September 1947, died 27 November 2006, and was buried in Section I-4, Row 9, Site 476 in Rhode Island Veteran Memorial Cemetery in Exeter, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, United States of America.
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BURAK, RITA was born 30 July 1926, received Social Security number 184-20-4364 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 15 July 1993
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BURAK, ROBERT was born 20 March 1930, received Social Security number 328-24-5577 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 13 January 2008
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BURAK, ROBERT D. was born 4 April 1942, received Social Security number 332-32-7904 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 11 June 2012
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BURAK, ROBERT DANIEL married a bride named ELIZABETH EUNYONG LEE on 7 July 2010 on a license issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States of America.
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BURAK, ROBERT F. was born 15 May 1921, received Social Security number 187-12-3532 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 11 March 2007
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Burak, Robert Myron, Rank: OCSA, Branch: US NAVY, War: KOREA, was born 20 March 1930, died 13 January 2008, and was buried in Section 7, Site 232 in Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery in Elwood, Illinois, United States of America.
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BURAK, ROBERT S. was born 13 May 1947, received Social Security number 036-30-3707 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died 14 August 1988
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BURAK, ROBERT STEVEN was born in 1947; died 14 Aug 1988; and was buried in Providence, Rhode Island.
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BURAK, ROCHELLE married a groom named JACK BRODY in the year 1954 on license number 4791 issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.A.
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BURAK, RODNEY A. was born 9 March 1944, received Social Security number 097-34-1884 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 1 April 1995
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BURAK, ROMAN married somebody named EVA KOROL on 1 July 2016 on a license issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States of America.
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BURAK, RONALD was born 18 May 1941, received Social Security number 362-48-0047 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 3 January 2005
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BURAK, RONALD was born 21 December 1935, received Social Security number 521-42-0733 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died October 1983
Burak, Rosaria Margaret, wife of Henry Joseph Burak, was born 27 January 1925, died 15 May 2017, and was buried in Section CC5, Row B, Site 22 in Great Lakes National Cemetery in Holly, Michigan, United States of America.
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BURAK, ROSE was born 19 February 1912, received Social Security number 573-46-4582 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 5 February 2000
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BURAK, ROSE was born 21 February 1906, received Social Security number 177-24-1770 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died May 1985
BURAK, ROSE was born 31 January 1916, received Social Security number 048-10-7234 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died February 1981
BURAK, ROSE was 61 years old, residing in residence code 7093, when she died on 8 March 1958 in New York, U.S.A.
BURAK, ROSE P. was born 2 September 1918, received Social Security number 361-01-0757 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 27 May 2007
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BURAK, RUTH was born 2 March 1916, received Social Security number 111-01-9340 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died January 1977
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BURAK, RUTH E. was born 25 December 1919, received Social Security number 115-03-3676 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 21 June 1991
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BURAK, SABRINA MARIA married THOMAS PETER CLARO 21 July 2007 in Demarest Boro, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States of America. Special thanks to Reclaim The Records. Please consider donating to them.
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BURAK, SAM was born 2 February 1892, received Social Security number 139-07-3814 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died December 1986
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BURAK, SAM was born 17 May 1910, received Social Security number 100-03-6122 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1979
BURAK, SAMUEL died at age 90, and was buried in Block E Section PC of Queens Park in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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BURAK, SARAH was born 16 April 1908, received Social Security number 166-28-5929 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 5 December 1990
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BURAK, SASHA was born 18 January 1923, received Social Security number 095-14-8827 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died August 1973
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BURAK, SAUL G. was born 1 January 1915, received Social Security number 370-26-0669 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 10 February 1999
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BURAK, SAVERY was born 8 January 1892, received Social Security number 139-10-1996 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died December 1963
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BURAK, SERDAR married a bride named ALEKSANDRA SADOVA on 7 February 2008 on a license issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States of America.
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BURAK, SHANE P married a bride named CHRISTINE ONDREICKA on 25 April 2009 on a license issued in Queens, New York City, New York, United States of America.
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BURAK, SHIRLEY M. was born 30 March 1930, received Social Security number 209-22-5810 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 6 June 2010
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BURAK, SINOVIA was born 9 July 1925, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 20 May 2013, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20130029072
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BURAK, SONDRA married a groom named NEIL GRUNDMAN in the year 1960 on license number 16886 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A.
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BURAK, STANLEY died 27 September 2003, and was buried in section Garden of the Last Supper, lot 63, space 1 in Knollwood Memorial Park in Canton, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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BURAK, STANLEY was born 1 January 1916, received Social Security number 312-28-9394 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died August 1983
BURAK, STANLEY was born 21 September 1922, received Social Security number 114-22-1254 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1985
BURAK, STANLEY was born 23 March 1924, received Social Security number 210-16-2679 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 10 April 1993
BURAK, STANLEY was born 25 January 1921, received Social Security number 011-03-2302 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died January 1980
BURAK, STANLEY was born 26 May 1891, received Social Security number 319-03-2552 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 15 March 1985
BURAK, STANLEY F. was born 4 June 1924, received Social Security number 022-18-7864 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 15 January 1992
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BURAK, STANLEY J. was born 25 January 1920, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 20 January 2012, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20120003809
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BURAK, STANLEY T. was born 22 August 1931, received Social Security number 012-24-5210 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 27 September 2003
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BURAK, STEFAN was born 17 February 1924, received Social Security number 204-12-7922 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 24 September 2006
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Burak, Stefan, Rank: PVT, Branch: US ARMY, War: WORLD WAR II, was born 17 February 1924, died 24 September 2006, and was buried in Section 26, Site 172 in Indiantown Gap National Cemetery in Annville, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
BURAK, STELLA died at age 89, and was buried in the plot of MICHAEL BURAK, Block 7 Section V of Queens Park in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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BURAK, STELLA was born 6 January 1886, received Social Security number 141-05-1949 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died July 1971
BURAK, STELLA was born 27 February 1914, received Social Security number 098-09-2304 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 15 February 2000
Burak, Stella, wife of Steven Burak, was born 27 November 1922, died 13 December 1996, and was buried in Section E-1, Row 27, Site 1041 in Rhode Island Veteran Memorial Cemetery in Exeter, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, United States of America.
BURAK, STELLA A. was born 27 November 1922, received Social Security number 035-16-7404 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died 13 December 1996
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BURAK, STEPHAN was born 19 October 1918, received Social Security number 373-18-3767 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died September 1980
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BURAK, STEPHANIE was born 7 February 1922, received Social Security number 144-16-6823 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died August 1976
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BURAK, STEPHEN was born 25 January 1891, received Social Security number 170-10-7683 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died June 1970
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BURAK, STEPHEN was born 28 November 1914, received Social Security number 093-03-7697 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 7 September 2010
BURAK, STEPHEN E. was born 31 December 1924, received Social Security number 193-12-1429 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 29 March 2011
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BURAK, STEVE was born 01 Feb 1926 (child of GENERINSKI (mother)) died 28 Sep 1991 in HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
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BURAK, STEVE was born 05 May 1886 (child of NOT KNOWN (mother)) died 08 Apr 1956 in ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
BURAK, STEVE was born 30 Mar 1923 in ILLINOIS (child of DONOLEVITCH (mother)) died 20 Oct 1999 in HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
BURAK, STEVE was born 1 February 1925, received Social Security number 355-18-4745 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 28 September 1991
BURAK, STEVE was born 7 September 1916, received Social Security number 073-10-9686 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 6 January 1995
BURAK, STEVE was born 30 March 1923, received Social Security number 335-18-0546 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 20 October 1999
BURAK, STEVEN was born 3 August 1918, received Social Security number 039-01-8471 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died 18 May 2006
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Burak, Steven, Rank: PVT, Branch: US ARMY, War: WORLD WAR II, was born 3 August 1918, died 18 May 2006, and was buried in Section E-1, Row 27, Site 1041 in Rhode Island Veteran Memorial Cemetery in Exeter, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, United States of America.
BURAK, STEVEN PHILLIP married GLADYS MOLINA 3 April 2010 in Morristown Town, Morris County, New Jersey, United States of America. Special thanks to Reclaim The Records. Please consider donating to them.
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BURAK, SYDNEY LEIGH was born 21 January 2006 in Missouri, United States of America. Special thanks to Reclaim the Records. Please consider donating to them.
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BURAK, SYLVIA was born 7 January 1916, received Social Security number 078-32-1497 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 24 June 1998
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BURAK, SYLVIA was born 27 August 1925, received Social Security number 116-14-8508 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died August 1983
BURAK, TATIANA was born 9 September 1928, received Social Security number 312-34-5333 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died 22 December 2005
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BURAK, TENNIE was born 25 July 1918, received Social Security number 353-01-9875 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 29 June 1997
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BURAK, TEOFILA was born 8 September 1921, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 4 April 2012, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20120018091
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BURAK, TERRENCE was born 10 November 1908, received Social Security number 097-09-8665 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died January 1986
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BURAK, TERRI L. was born 10 June 1955, received Social Security number 363-64-9685 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 7 June 1993
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BURAK, TERRY H. was born 15 July 1956, received Social Security number 551-94-4042 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 27 August 2005
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BURAK, TESSIE was born 14 May 1914, received Social Security number 195-10-9831 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died January 1975
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BURAK, THADDEUS was born 23 March 1917, received Social Security number 044-18-0787 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died 25 September 2010
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BURAK, THADDEUS J. was born 12 September 1922, received Social Security number 023-16-5543 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 14 April 2006
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BURAK, THEODORE was born 25 December 1915, received Social Security number 160-10-1474 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died February 1970
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BURAK, THOMAS married a bride named CAROL GARAMONE in the year 1963 on license number 1184 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A.
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BURAK, THOMAS was born 15 June 1926, received Social Security number 303-34-0141 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died 31 October 2010
BURAK, THOMAS was born 25 March 1888, received Social Security number 107-01-4390 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died April 1973
BURAK, THOMAS ALLEN was born 27 February 1948, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 19 December 2014, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20140067639
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BURAK, THOMAS P. was born 8 March 1939, received Social Security number 385-36-8395 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 20 January 1999
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BURAK, URSULA was born 14 July 1885, received Social Security number 139-54-0894 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died February 1975
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BURAK, VERONICA was born 31 August 1925, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 3 December 2011, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20110063424
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BURAK, VICHENTY E. was born 6 February 1924, received Social Security number 386-14-3406 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 18 October 2013
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BURAK, VINCENT was born 18 February 1915, received Social Security number 139-07-4254 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died June 1983
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Burak, Vincent, Rank: PVT, Branch: US ARMY, War: WORLD WAR I, was born 14 May 1886, died 4 April 1967, and was buried in Section L, Site 598 in Rock Island National Cemetery in Rock Island, Illinois, United States of America.


As we all know, designing a kitchen is not really difficult especially if you can avoid some errors in the kitchen design. Designing a kitchen can be very simple of course if you know some tips and tricks related to this task. Using some minimalist kitchen appliances such as dishwashers, multiple sinks, ovens in the kitchen island, it is possible to change the look of your kitchen the easy way.
So there are several things you need to know when you want to design your kitchen the right way. First, you must understand that not all kitchens come with a large space allowing you to put as many items as you want. Chances are that your kitchen is quite small thus you need to be more careful when planning the design.
Having a well-designed kitchen will help you a lot in preparing the design for your kitchen. This will also minimize any errors related to a wrong design. Putting too many items will ruin the whole plan thus you need to be more selective when choosing kitchen appliances.
When picking kitchen accessories, make sure that you choose ones which come with functionality over design first. Your kitchen appliances should serve their purpose first.
When designing the kitchen, it is important to design the kitchen economically.
Work your kitchen design out from any corners, this will create more storage space for your kitchen. A kitchen that is comfortable comes from a well-designed plan.
Let's face it, there is nothing better than hiring a kitchen designer when it comes to designing your kitchen. Aside from hiring a kitchen designer, doing some research first is without a doubt the best and easiest way to achieve a perfect kitchen design, no matter what style you pick.


text:
package org.codehaus.mojo.webstart.pack200;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Bean that represents the Pack200 configuration.
 *
 * @author Peter Butkovic butkovic@gmail.com
 * @author $LastChangedBy$
 * @version $Revision$
 * @since 1.0-beta-4
 */
public class Pack200Config
{

    /**
     * Whether pack200 is enabled at all or not.
     *
     * @see #isEnabled()
     */
    private boolean enabled;

    /**
     * The files to be passed without compression.
     *
     * @see #getPassFiles()
     */
    private List<String> passFiles;

    /**
     * Gets the pack200 enabled configuration value.

     * Please note: Setting this value to true requires SDK 5.0 or greater.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if pack200 compression of jar resources is enabled, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isEnabled()
    {
        return enabled;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the files within jar archive to be passed without pack200 compression.

     * If file ends with a /, all files in the directory are passed through without packing.

     * The same functionality as achievable by:
     *

     * pack200 --pass-file= file, -P file
     *

     *
     * @return the files to be passed without pack200 compression.
     */
    public List<String> getPassFiles()
    {
        return passFiles;
    }

    public void setEnabled( boolean enabled )
    {
        this.enabled = enabled;

    }

    public void setPassFiles( List<String> passFiles )
    {
        this.passFiles = passFiles;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home > News > News articles > Celebrations mark milestone
Meeting the Covid-19 challenge
Celebrations mark milestone
More than 100 former students stepped back in time last month to toast the 60th anniversary of civil engineering courses at Kingston. Their reunion celebrations, organised by the Faculty of Technology and hosted by Vice-Chancellor Professor Peter Scott and Institute of Civil Engineering Vice-President Jean Venables, included a special dinner at the Guildhall.
Guests included alumnus Francis Yeoh, who has become one of Asia's leading innovators and entrepreneurs after transforming his father's Malaysian-based firm, YTL, into a major corporation. Specialising in property development, construction and cement manufacturing, YTL is one of the largest companies listed on Kuala Lumpur's stock exchange.
Associate Dean of Technology Andy Harris said many of the University's other graduates had also gone on to achieve national and international prominence in the industry. "The 60th anniversary celebrations gave them the opportunity to catch up with former colleagues and also see how the School has evolved over the years," he said.
Civil engineering has been taught at Kingston since 1942, when a full-time diploma was introduced by the University's predecessor, Kingston Technical College, to prepare students for Institute of Civil Engineering examinations. The course flourished, enabling many servicemen returning from the Second World War to obtain academic qualifications. In 1949, London University accredited the College as a centre for teaching the BSc(Eng) in Civil, Mechanical, Aeronautical and Electrical Engineering. Six years later, the Institute formally recognised the course.
In 1966, civil engineering became a separate department and moved to a base at Canbury Park Road. After Kingston Polytechnic was granted University status in 1992, the department returned to the Penrhyn Road site where it acquired purpose-built laboratories. In 1999 it became part of the School of Engineering and is now located at the Penrhyn Road and Roehampton Vale campuses.
Early days far from easy
Aubrey Pengilly never imagined he would be securing a spot in the University history books when he became one of the first students to enrol for a civil engineering course 60 years ago. Originally from New Malden, he signed up for the BSc(Eng) in Civil, Mechanical, Aeronautical and Electrical Engineering when it was launched at Kingston Technical College.
Just a year later, the Second World War brought his course work to a temporary halt. "It was a difficult time to be a student," Mr Pengilly, 79, recalled. "There were air raids and bombs going off everywhere and the wartime shortages made trying to get a degree even harder. I was learning the basic theory of civil engineering and how machines work in a makeshift environment. I can even remember having one lesson in the local Methodist church. Eventually the course had to close, but I finished my degree once the war had ended."
Following his studies, Mr Pengilly spent the early part of his career on building sites around the globe before moving to a desk job in the public sector managing civil engineering projects. "Being a civil engineer is a great life if you're cut out for it – and you can do the maths. I'm really grateful to Kingston for giving me a thorough grounding in the subject and, ultimately, the ticket for a fulfilling professional life," he said.
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