And the 2013 COFCA Award Winners Are….
(Columbus, January 2, 2014) Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity has been named Best Film in the Central Ohio Film Critics Association's 12th annual awards, which recognize excellence in the film industry for 2013. The film also claimed two other awards. Cuarón was honored as Best Director. Director of Photography Emmanuel Lubezki won for Best Cinematography.
Columbus-area critics recognized these screen performers: Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor (12 Years a Slave); Best Actress and Breakthrough Film Artist Adèle Exarchopolous [Blue is the Warmest Color (La vie d'Adèle)]; Best Supporting Actor James Franco (Spring Breakers); Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Lawrence (American Hustle); and Actor of the Year Matthew McConaughey for his exemplary body of work in Dallas Buyers Club, Mud, and The Wolf of Wall Street.
Other winners include: American Hustle for Best Ensemble; The Wolf of Wall Street's Terence Winter for Best Adapted Screenplay; Her's Spike Jonze for Best Original Screenplay and Arcade Fire for Best Score; Best Documentary The Act of Killing; Best Foreign Language Film and Best Animated Film The Wind Rises (Kaze tachinu); and Short Term 12 as Best Overlooked Film.
Repeat COFCA winners include: Jennifer Lawrence (2012 Best Actress for Silver Linings Playbook); Matthrew McConaughey (2012 Actor of the Year for Bernie, Killer Joe, Magic Mike, and The Paperboy); James Franco (2010 Best Actor for 127 Hours); and Emmanuel Lubezki (2011 Best Cinematography for The Tree of Life).
Winners were announced at a private party on January 2.
Richard Ades (Columbus Free Press); Kevin Carr (www.7mpictures.com, FilmSchoolRejects.com); Bill Clark (www.fromthebalcony.com); John DeSando (90.5 WCBE); Frank Gabrenya (The Columbus Dispatch); James Hansen (Out 1 Film Journal); Nicholas Herum (Columbus Underground; Movies Hate You Too); Brad Keefe (Columbus Alive); Kristin Dreyer Kramer (NightsAndWeekends.com, 90.5 WCBE); Joyce Long (Freelance); Rico Long (Freelance); Hope Madden (Columbus Underground and MaddWolf.com); Paul Markoff (WOCC-TV3; Otterbein TV); David Medsker (Bullz-Eye.com); Lori Pearson (Kids-in-Mind.com, critics.com); Mark Pfeiffer (Reel Times: Reflections on Cinema; WOCC-TV3; Otterbein TV); Melissa Starker (Columbus Alive, The Columbus Dispatch); George Wolf (Columbus Radio Group and MaddWolf.com); Jason Zingale (Bullz-Eye.com); Nathan Zoebl (PictureShowPundits.com).


Male Mount Name "Star Helper" Female Mount Name: "Cart Carrier W"
There is a SLIGHT difference between he wheels in the mage (female) mount, tell me which one actually looks better between the 2, notice that there's no steering wheel, they're automatic carts, the mage concept just kinda came to me, I tried doing it to a sage, but the sage sprite is really hard to put together the right way to get the legs in the right position, the mage sprite came as is, so that was quite lucky. For some reason I thought it would be better for the gender mount for the mages to be different...don't know why though, and yes, I did make the mage (female) sprite.
I tried hard, but the way I came up with the dragon was from Dragon Ball Z's Shenron and the fact that monks use a skill similar to Ka-me-ha-me-ha. The way I came up with elder for sage was the way the elder looks, because the sage does look like a wizard/sage and the fact that that's the only monster I was able to think of for a sage to sit on, and the fact that my imaginaion's a little.....poor. The giant spider I came up with for the assassin class was the fact that spiders can be poisonous like the sin, and that spiders are almost always sneaky, just like the sin (using cloak), plus, the spider uses 2 fangs and the normal sin attacks with 2 hands. Sitting or standing, tell me which is better for the sin.
Edited by lOOlOOlOl, 30 May 2011 - 04:39 PM.


screening formats available: 35mm print, HDCAM, Digibeta, Betacam, DV or DVCAM, and DVD.
Alone in Los Angeles, Enrique doesn't speak a word of English. Forced to work as a day laborer to earn money for loved ones back home, his loyalties are put to the test when a simple job escalates into a matter of life and death.
Synopsis: Enrique is a young man far from home trying to make a living wage as a day laborer on the streets of Los Angeles. He thinks he has finally caught a break when Marcus and Kathy pick him up, along with two other immigrant laborers, to help them move. On the job Enrique meets and befriends their teenage son Zack as he helps pack up his childhood room. But things quickly take a turn for the worst when Marcus attempts to pay the men with a check, unaware that day laborers are often cheated out of their wages with bad checks. A simple misunderstanding explodes into a violent standoff with Enrique stuck in the middle.
"A Day's Work" examines the hopes and fears inherent to the immigrant story, both on the part those crossing the border and those learning to live in a rapidly changing America. When violence erupts, the prejudices of all involved are brought to light and mistrust, assumption and language stand as barriers to an easy resolution.


text:
Vassar is a community located in southeastern Manitoba. It is located in the Rural Municipality of Piney, approximately  north of the Canada–United States border with Minnesota.

History
Vassar's first inhabitants settled in 1896 with the railroad's arrival. It is commonly believed that Vassar got its name after the first-born son of one of the first inhabitants, the Carpenter family.

The first store, post office, and school were all built in the early 1900s. A hotel was built in the late 1920s and parts of that building are incorporated into a current motel.

Notable people
 Marjorie Beaucage (born 1947), Métis filmmaker

References

 Geographical Names of Manitoba - Vassar (pg. 281) :published by Conservation Manitoba 2008

Unincorporated communities in Eastman Region, Manitoba

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
(1R,5R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
Currently viewing: S-01 | SummaryS-02 | Summary (JS Member)
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation. Weight of evidence. Based on the experimental results obtained with the analogue substance alpha pinene, the inhalation 90d-LOEL in rats for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 25 ppm (ca. 140 mg/m3) based on increases of incidences of kidney lesions in male rats. Also, the inhalation 90d-LOEL in mice for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 100 ppm (ca. 560 mg/m3) based on the effects on transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder for males and females and decrease in sperm per cauda epididymis for males.
sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
28 March 2005 - 29 June 2005
comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
no data on food consumption, no ophthalmological examination, some organ weights were not recorded (Adrenals, Brain, Ovaries, Thyroids, Uterus), animals weighed weekly and not twice weekly at the beginning.
In compliance with Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice Regulations (21 CFR, Part 58)
Fischer 344
- Source: NTP colony maintained at Taconic Farms, Inc. (Germantown, NY)
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: not specified
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 96-98 g (male) and 88-89 g (female)
- Fasting period before study: not specified
- Housing: individually. Cages: Stainless steel, wire bottom (Lab Products, Inc., Seaford, DE); rotated weekly. Cageboard: Untreated paper cage pan liner (Shepherd Specialty Papers, Kalamazoo, MI), changed daily
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): NTP-2000 irradiated wafers (Zeigler Brothers, Inc., Gardners, PA), available ad libitum (except during exposure periods)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water (Richland, WA, municipal supply) via automatic watering system (Edstrom Industries, Waterford, WI); available ad libitum
- Acclimation period: Animals were quarantined for 12 (male rats) or 13 (female rats) days
- Temperature (°C): 72 ± 3ºF
- Humidity (%): 50% ± 15%
- Air changes (per hr): 15 ± 2/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours/day
inhalation: vapour
Type of inhalation exposure:
Details on inhalation exposure:
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Test item was held in an 8-gallon stainless-steel chemical reservoir. Test item was pumped into a heated glass column filled with glass beads that increased the surface area for vaporization. Heated nitrogen entered the column from below and assisted in vaporizing the chemical while conveying it into a short distribution manifold. Concentration in the manifold was determined by the chemical pump rate, nitrogen flow rate, and dilution air flow rate. The pressure in the distribution manifold was kept fixed to ensure constant flow through the manifold and into all chambers as the flow of vapor to each chamber was adjusted.
Metering valves at the manifold controlled flow to each chamber through individual Teflon® delivery lines that carried the vapor from the manifold to three-way exposure valves at the chamber inlets. The exposure valves diverted vapor delivery to exposure chamber exhaust until the generation system was stable and exposures were ready to proceed. To initiate exposure, the chamber exposure valves were rotated to allow the test item vapor to flow to each exposure chamber inlet duct where it was further diluted with filtered, conditioned air to achieve the desired exposure concentration.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 72 ± 3ºF; 50% ± 15%.
- Air change rate: 15 air changes per hour
- Method of particle size determination: A condensation particle detector (Model 3022A, TSI, Inc., St. Paul, MN) was used with and without animals in the exposure chambers. No particle counts above the minimum resolvable level (approximately 200 particles/cm3) were detected.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: on-line gas chromatograph. Samples were analyzed using GC/FID to measure the stability and purity of test item in the generation and delivery system. To assess whether impurities or degradation products coeluted with test item or the solvent, a second GC/FID analysis of the samples was performed using a polar column capable of resolving compounds with similar boiling points and polarities.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes.
Chamber and room concentrations of alpha pinene were monitored by an on-line gas chromatograph. Samples were drawn from each exposure chamber approximately every 20 minutes during each 6-hour exposure period.
The average concentration measured were: 24.9 ± 1.1 ppm for the 25 ppm group, 49.8 ± 0.8 for the 50 ppm group, 99.6 ± 1.4ppm for the 100 ppm group, 200 ± 5 ppm for the 200 ppm group and 401 ± 6 ppm for the 400 ppm group.
14 weeks; 6 hours plus T90 (10 minutes) per day.
Groups of 10 male and 10 female clinical pathology rats were exposed to the same concentrations for 23 days.
Five times per week, weekdays only
Dose / conc.:
(0.14 mg/L)
- Dose selection rationale: doses were selected taken into account the results obtained in a previous 2-week range finding study conducted for exposure (inhalation) concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm.
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Time schedule: on day 7 (female), day 8 (male), weekly thereafter, and at the end of the studies.
- Time schedule for examinations: initially, on day 7 (female), day 8 (male), weekly thereafter, and at the end of the studies.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No
- Time schedule for collection of blood: on days 4 and 23 for clinical pathology rats and at the end of the studies for core study animals
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (carbon dioxide)
- Animals fasted: Not specified
- How many animals: 10 per sex per dose (core study animals) and 10 per sex per dose (clinical pathology rats)
- Parameters examined: Hematocrit; packed cell volume; hemoglobin; erythrocyte, reticulocyte, and platelet counts; mean cell volume; mean cell hemoglobin; mean cell hemoglobin concentration; and leukocyte counts and differentials
- Parameters examined: Urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and bile salts
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
IMMUNOLOGY: No
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes. Organs weighed were heart, right kidney, liver, lung, spleen, right testis, and thymus.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes. Complete histopathologic examinations were performed by the study laboratory pathologist on all chamber control and 400 ppm animals and 200 ppm female rats. In addition, the kidney in the remaining groups and the liver in the remaining groups of male rats were examined. Tissues for microscopic examination were fixed and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed and trimmed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 4 to 6 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
SPERM MOTILITY AND VAGINAL CYTOLOGY: At the end of the study, sperm samples were collected for sperm motility evaluations. Sperm heads per testis and per gram testis, spermatid counts, and epididymal spermatozoal motility and concentration were evaluated. The left cauda, left epididymis, and left testis were weighed. The tail of the epididymis (cauda epididymis) was then removed from the epididymal body (corpus epididymis) and weighed. Test yolk was applied to slides and a small incision was made at the distal border of the cauda epididymis. The sperm effluxing from the incision were dispersed in the buffer on the slides, and the numbers of motile and nonmotile spermatozoa were counted for five fields per slide by two observers. Following completion of sperm motility estimates, each left cauda epididymis was placed in buffered saline solution. Caudae were finely minced, and the tissue was incubated in the saline solution and then heat fixed at 65° C. Sperm density was then determined microscopically with the aid of a hemacytometer. To quantify spermatogenesis, the testicular spermatid head count was determined by removing the tunica albuginea and homogenizing the left testis in phosphate-buffered saline containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Homogenization-resistant spermatid nuclei were counted with a hemacytometer.
Vaginal samples were collected for up to 12 consecutive days prior to the end of the study for vaginal cytology evaluations. The percentage of time spent in the various estrous cycle stages and estrous cycle length were evaluated.
Calculation and Analysis of Lesion Incidences: Fisher exact test (Gart et al., 1979) was used to determine significance.
Analysis of Continuous Variables:
Organ and body weight data were analyzed with the parametric multiple comparison procedures of Dunnett (1955) and Williams (1971, 1972),
Hematology, clinical chemistry, spermatid, and epididymal spermatozoal data were analyzed using the nonparametric multiple comparison methods of Shirley (1977) (as modified by Williams, 1986) and Dunn (1964).
Jonckheere's test (Jonckheere, 1954) was used to assess the significance of the exposure-related trends and to determine whether a trend-sensitive test (Williams' or Shirley's test) was more appropriate for pairwise comparisons than a test that does not assume a monotonic exposure-related trend (Dunnett's or Dunn's test).
Proportions of regular cycling females in each exposed group were compared to the control group using the Fisher exact test (Gart et al., 1979). Tests for extended periods of estrus, diestrus, metestrus, and proestrus, as well as skipped estrus and skipped diestrus were constructed based on a Markov chain model proposed by Girard and Sager (1987).
For each exposure group, a transition probability matrix was estimated for transitions among the proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus stages, with provision for extended stays within each stage as well as for skipping estrus or diestrus within a cycle. Equality of transition matrices among exposure groups and between the control group and each exposed group was tested using chi-square statistics.
No signs of toxicity (e.g., abnormal breathing or behavior) were noted during clinical observations.
mortality observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence):
In the high dose group (400 ppm), 6 females were found dead before the end of the study with no specific cause of death identified through gross examination or histopathologic analysis.
Males: the final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of exposed males were similar to those of the chamber controls.
Females: In the high dose group (400 ppm), the final mean body weights and the mean body weight gains of females exposed to 400 ppm were significantly less than those of the chamber controls. All surviving females at 400 ppm lost weight between week 12 and week 14.
On day 4, there were mild exposure-related significant decreases in the leukocyte counts paired with mild significant decreases in the lymphocyte counts in 200 and 400 ppm male rats compared to concurrent controls. These decreases ameliorated by day 23. The leukocyte changes likely represent a secondary treatment-associated stress effect.
At week 14, there were mild significant decreases in erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrit values in males exposed to 100 ppm or greater.
The remaining significant differences in hematology parameters were not considered to be toxicologically relevant.
Also, no histopathological findings could be associated to these changes. Therefore, these treatment-related effects can be considered as not toxicologically significant.
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased in males and females exposed to 50 ppm or greater at week 14. Significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase activities were also seen in 400 ppm male rats on days 4 and 23. Significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in 400 ppm males and 200 and 400 ppm females on day 4 and in males and females exposed to 100 ppm or greater at week 14. The reason for the decreases in these enzyme activities is not known but may be related to alterations in liver metabolism or enzyme inhibition.
The remaining significant differences in clinical chemistry parameters were not considered to be toxicologically relevant.
None of these changes in enzyme activity were related to organ weight changes or evidence of histopathology.
Immunological findings:
Relative liver weights were significantly greater compared to controls in males at 100 ppm and greater and in all females treated groups. Absolute liver weights were significantly greater compared to controls in males at 400 ppm and in females at 50, 100 and 200 ppm.
The absolute heart weights of 100 and 200 ppm females and the relative heart weights of females exposed to 100 ppm or greater were significantly greater compared to controls.
Absolute kidney weights were increased in males at 100 ppm and greater, and relative kidney weights were increased in males at 50 ppm and greater. In females, absolute kidney weights were increased at levels of 50 and 200 ppm, relative were increased at level of 200 ppm and greater.
The absolute and relative thymus weights of 400 ppm females and the relative thymus weight of 200 ppm females were significantly less compared to controls. The absolute and relative spleen weights of 400 ppm males were significantly greater compared to controls.
The weight changes in lymphoid tissues were not accompanied by clinical chemistry or histopathologic changes indicative of immunotoxicity and, therefore, were not considered toxicologically relevant. With the exception of the male kidney, the organ weight changes in male and female rats were not accompanied by histopathologic lesions.
Neuropathological findings:
Renal tubule lesions including granular casts, hyaline droplets, and nephropathy were observed in male rats. In all male groups exposed to test item, there were significantly increased incidences of granular casts and hyaline droplet accumulation and the severities of these lesions increased with increasing exposure concentration.
Granular casts were not observed in the controls and in exposed groups the mean severity ranged from minimal in males exposed to 25 ppm to moderate in males exposed to 400 ppm.
Hyaline droplet accumulation occurred in the cytoplasm of the renal proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells, and the severity ranged from minimal in males exposed to 25 ppm to moderate in males exposed to 400 ppm.
With the exception of one chamber control rat, nephropathy occurred in all males, with the mean severity increasing from minimal in chamber control males to moderate in males exposed to 400 ppm.
There were no exposure-related microscopic findings in females, including those that died before the end of the study.
The presence of these nonneoplastic lesions in the kidney is suggestive of α2μ-globulin nephropathy, a renal syndrome that occurs in male but not female F334/N rats and that has been linked to the development of renal tubule neoplasms (Swenberg, 1993). This syndrome has been produced by structurally diverse chemicals and is thought to be secondary to toxicity caused by accumulation of hyaline droplets within the renal tubule epithelial cells.
However, measures of α2μ-globulin were not performed in the current study. While it is possible that the observed kidney lesions are secondary to α2μ-globulin nephropathy, the increases in kidney weights in both male and female rats suggest that another independent mechanism of toxicity may have played a role in the lesion development.
SPERM MOTILITY AND VAGINAL CYTOLOGY:
There were significantly decreased sperm count in cauda epididymis in 200 and 400 ppm males compared to control group.
Females in the 400 ppm group displayed an apparent increase in cycle length and a slight increase in the percentage of the cycle spent in metestrus, relative to the chamber control group. However, the apparent increase in cycle length may be secondary to stress, as evidenced by lower body weight and mortality in the 400 ppm group. Alternatively, the apparent changes in the 400 ppm females may have been an artifact of having too few animals available to allow for meaningful interpretation.
The minor changes in cycle length observed only in the 400 ppm group, combined with a lack of ovarian histopathology findings, did not provide sufficient evidence for female reproductive toxicity potential under the conditions of the study.
Thus, the test item exposure by inhalation exhibits the potential to be a reproductive toxicant in male rats, but not in female rats.
LOEL
other: Significant decrease of sperm per cauda in 200 and 400 ppm.
Lowest effective dose / conc.:
Organ:
Treatment related:
Dose response relationship:
Relevant for humans:
cauda epididymis
Table 1: Survival and Body Weights
(ppm)
Survivalb
Initial BodyWeight (g)
Final BodyWeight (g)
Change in BodyWeight (g)
Final Weight Relativeto Controls(%)
159 ± 5**
72 ± 5**
** Significantly different (P≤0.01) from the chamber control group by unnett's test
a Weights and weight changes are given as mean ± standard error. Subsequent calculations are based on animals surviving to the end of the study.
b Number of animals surviving at 14 weeks/number initially in group
c Weeks of death: 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 13
Table 2: Selected Organ Weights and Organ-Weight-to-Body-Weight Ratios
Chamber control
Necropsy body wt
R Kidney absolute
1.025 ± 0.019
1.137 ± 0.027**
R kidney relative
3.186 ± 0.042*
Liver absolute
10.54 ± 0.27
11.87 ± 0.45*
Liver relative
31.402 ± 0.375
33.152 ± 0.569*
34.393 ± 0.531**
Spleen absolute
Spleen relative
Heart absolute
Heart relative
Thymus absolute
Thymus relative
* Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the chamber control group by Williams' or Dunnett's test
** P≤0.01
a Organ weights (absolute weights) and body weights are given in grams; organ-weight-to-body-weight ratios (relative weights) are given as mg organ weight/g body weight (mean ± standard error).
Table 3: Hematology data
Treatment dose (ppm)
Hematocrit (spun) (%)
45.6 ± 0.3
48.3 ± 0.7*
47.6 ± 0.3**
Packed cell volume (mL/dL)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Erythrocytes (106/µL)
7.15 ± 0.09
8.94 ± 0.05**
Mean cell volume (fL)
Mean cell hemoglobin (pg)
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (g/dL)
Leukocytes (103/µL)
7.57 ± 0.36*
Lymphocytes (103/µL)
6.38 ± 0.22d
48.7 ± 0.
* Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the chamber control group by Dunn's or Shirley's test
Table 4: clinical chemistry data
Dose treatment (ppm)
0 (control group)
Urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
7.5 ± 0.4
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Glucose (mg/dL) Day
Total protein (g/dL)
6.8 ± 0.1**
Albumin (g/dL)
Globulin (g/dL)
A/G ratio
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)
546 ± 11*
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (IU/L)
12 ± 0*
Bile acids (µmol/L)
4.9 ± 0.6*
Glucose (mg/dL)
181 ± 5*
Creatine kinase (UI/L)
364 ± 20b
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (IU/L
Table 5: Incidences of Non neoplastic Lesions of the Kidney in Male Rats
Number Examined Microscopically
Casts, Granulara
9** (1.0)b
10** (1.2)
Accumulation, Hyaline Droplet
1 (2.0)
** Significantly different (P≤0.01) from the chamber control group by the Fisher exact test
a Number of animals with lesion
b Average severity grade of lesions in affected animals: 1=minimal, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=marked
Table 6: Epididymal Spermatozoal Measurements for Male Rats
Epididymal spermatozoal measurements
Sperm motility (%)
Sperm (103/mg cauda epididymis)
615.0 ± 34.3
Sperm (106/cauda epididymis)
120.89 ± 6.79
97.52 ± 3.51**
** Significantly different (P≤0.01) from the chamber control group by Shirley's test.
a Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
In a repeated dose toxicity study with alpha pinene after 14 weeks of vapour inhalation exposure to rats, increases of incidences of kidney lesions at 25 ppm and decrease of sperm per cauda at 200 ppm in male rats were reported, thus the LOEL was determined to be 25 ppm.
A 90-day repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene according to a similar method to OECD guideline 413 under GLP conditions. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 14 weeks. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, haematology, clinical chemistry, macropathology, histopathology and sperm motility and vaginal cytology investigations were undertaken.
All exposed male rats survived to the end of the studies, while six 400 ppm female rats died before the end of the study. The major targets for test item toxicity were the liver, urinary system, and male reproductive system.
Relative liver weights were significantly greater compared to controls in males at 100 ppm and greater and in all females treated groups (LOEL=25 ppm), however, without accompanying histopathologic changes. Increased liver weight is a common finding in toxicity studies and can be associated with induction of liver metabolizing enzymes.
Absolute kidney weights were increased in male rats exposed to 100 ppm or greater and 50 and 200 ppm female rats; in males, these increases were accompanied by histopathologic lesions including granular casts and hyaline droplet accumulation at all exposure concentrations, as well as exposure concentration-dependent increases in the severity of nephropathy (LOEL=25 ppm), which is a common spontaneous lesion observed in male rats (α2μ-globulin nephropathy). This syndrome has been produced by structurally diverse chemicals and is thought to be secondary to toxicity caused by accumulation of hyaline droplets within the renal tubule epithelial cells. However, measures of α2μ-globulin were not performed in the current study. While it is possible that the observed kidney lesions are secondary to α2μ-globulin nephropathy, the increases in kidney weights in both male and female rats suggest that another independent mechanism of toxicity may have played a role in the lesion development.
There were also significantly lower numbers of sperm per cauda compared to controls in 200 and 400 ppm male rats (LOEL=200 ppm). There was an accompanying minor decrease in epididymal weights that did not reach significance. Therefore, the possibility that the change in absolute sperm per cauda was due to a decrease in epididymal weight cannot be excluded. A definitive conclusion by histopathologic investigations could not be conducted due to an artifact resulting from formalin fixation of the male reproductive tract tissues. Thus, further studies on reproductive function are warranted.
However, in females the minor changes in cycle length observed only in the 400 ppm group, combined with a lack of ovarian histopathology findings, does not provide sufficient evidence for reproductive toxicity.
28 March 2005 - 1 July 2005
no tested on preferred specie rat, no data on food consumption, no ophthalmological and clinical chemistry exams, some organ weights were not recorded (Adrenals,Brain,Ovaries,Thyroids,Uterus), animals weighed weekly and not twice weekly at the beginning.
B6C3F1
- Age at study initiation: 5-6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 22.5-23 g (male) and 19.3-19-7 g (female)
- Acclimation period: Animals were quarantined for 12 days
- Time schedule: on day 8, weekly thereafter, and at the end of the studies.
- Time schedule for examinations: initially, on day 8, weekly thereafter, and at the end of the studies.
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at the end of the study
- How many animals: 10 per sex per dose
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes. Complete histopathologic examinations were performed by the study laboratory pathologist on all chamber control and 400 ppm animals. In addition, the kidney and urinary bladder of mice were examined in the remaining groups. Tissues for microscopic examination were fixed and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed and trimmed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 4 to 6 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
There were no treatment-related clinical signs.
All mice survived until the terminal sacrifice.
Final mean body weights and body weight gains were comparable for all test animals when compared to controls.
At the end of the study, there were small but statistically significant decreases in erythrocyte counts in 200 and 400 ppm females and in the hemoglobin concentration and the hematocrit value in 400 ppm females compared to concurrent controls. Decreases in erythrocyte count and hematocrit value also occurred in 400 ppm males. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were significantly decreased in 400 ppm males. The leukocyte changes likely represent a secondary treatment-associated stress effect. The exact mechanism for the mild decreases in the erythron are not known. Other significant changes in hematology parameters were not toxicologically relevant.
The absolute liver weights of 400 ppm males and females and the relative liver weights of 200 and 400 ppm males and 100, 200, and 400 ppm females were significantly greater than those of the chamber controls. The absolute and relative thymus weights of 400 ppm males were significantly less than those of the chamber controls. The absolute kidney weights of 200 and 400 ppm males were significantly less than those of the chamber controls. These organ weight changes were not accompanied by histopathologic lesions.
There was an increased incidence of transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder in males and females exposed to 100 ppm or more, the severity of which increased with increasing exposure concentration.
Transitional epithelium hyperplasia in the urinary bladder can be either reparative (e.g., regenerative or reactive) or preneoplastic, but there are no histologic features that can be used to reliably distinguish between the two etiologies.
Specific histopathologic indicators of either type of hyperplasia in male or female mice were not evident; therefore, the neoplastic potential of the transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder is uncertain.
SPERM MOTILITY AND VAGINAL CYTOLOGY: There were significantly decreased numbers of sperm per mg cauda in 200 and 400 ppm males and cauda sperm in 100, 200, and 400 ppm males.
There were no changes in the proportion of regularly cycling females, estrous cycle length, or percentage of time spent in the individual stages of the estrous cycle of female mice at any exposure concentration and there were no ovarian histopathologic findings.
Thus, the test item exposure by inhalation exhibits the potential to be a reproductive toxicant in male mice, but not in female mice.
other: Significantly decreased sperm count per mg cauda in males treated at 200 and 400 ppm and in cauda sperm counts in 100, 200, and 400 ppm groups
Initial Body Weight (g)
Final Body Weight (g)
Change in Body Weight (g)
Final Weight Relative to Controls (%)
a Weights and weight changes are given as mean ± standard error.
* Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the chamber control group by Williams' test
** Significantly different (P≤0.01) from the chamber control group by Williams' or Dunnett's test
Treatment concentration (ppm)
Reticulocytes(103/µL)
Nucleated erythrocytes/100 leukocytes
a Data are presented as mean ± standard error.Statistical tests were performed on unrounded data.
Table 4: Incidence of Non neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder
Transitional Epithelium, Hyperplasiaa
10** (2.0)b
Table 5: Epididymal Spermatozoal Measurements for Male Mice
537.5 ± 27.0*
445.8 ± 13.5**
* Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the chamber control group by Shirley's test.
The LOEL for alpha pinene after 14 weeks of vapour inhalation exposure to mice was determined to be 100 ppm based on the effects on transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder for males and females and decrease in sperm per cauda epididymis for males, both observed in the 100 ppm treated group or greater.
A 90-day repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene according to a similar method to OECD guideline 413 under GLP conditions. Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 14 weeks. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, haematology, macropathology, histopathology and sperm motility and vaginal cytology investigations were undertaken.
All exposed mice survived to the end of the studies. Some small changes in organ weights as liver or kidney, were noted but without accompanying histopathologic lesions.
The major targets for test item toxicity were the urinary system and male reproductive system.
There was an increased incidence of transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder in males and females exposed to 100 ppm or more (LOEL=100 ppm), the severity of which increased with increasing exposure concentration. Transitional epithelium hyperplasia in the urinary bladder can be either reparative (e.g., regenerative or reactive) or preneoplastic, but there are no histologic features that can be used to reliably distinguish between the two etiologies. Specific histopathologic indicators of either type of hyperplasia in male or female mice were not evident; therefore, the neoplastic potential of the transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder is uncertain.
There were also significantly decreased numbers of sperm per mg cauda in 200 and 400 ppm males and cauda sperm in 100, 200, and 400 ppm males (LOEL=100 ppm). There was an accompanying minor decrease in epididymal weights that did not reach significance. Therefore, the possibility that the change in absolute sperm per cauda was due to a decrease in epididymal weight cannot be excluded. A definitive conclusion by histopathologic investigations could not be conducted due to an artifact resulting from formalin fixation of the male reproductive tract tissues. Thus, further studies on reproductive function are warranted. However, in females there were no changes in the percentage of time spent in the individual stages of the estrous cycle or in estrous cycle length at any exposure concentration. Also, there were no ovarian histopathologic findings. Thus, no evidence of reproductive toxicity in females was found.
Based on these results, the LOEL for alpha pinene was determined to be 100 ppm.
short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
of which it is a range-finding study
- Principle of test: Mice were exposed to alpha pinene via whole body inhalation 5 days per week for 17 days
- Short description of test conditions: see below
- Parameters analysed / observed: see below
- Weight at study initiation: 23.1-23.9 g (male) and 19.8-20.6 g (female)
- Housing: individually. Cages: Stainless steel, wire bottom (Lab Products, Inc., Seaford, DE); changed weekly. Cageboard: Untreated paper cage pan liner (Shepherd Specialty Papers, Kalamazoo, MI), changed daily
The average concentration measured were: 99.8 ± 1.6 ppm for the 100 ppm group, 200 ± 1 for the 200 ppm group, 404 ± 4ppm for the 400 ppm group, 794 ± 37 ppm for the 800 ppm group and 1540 ± 129 ppm for the 1600 ppm group.
17 days; 6 hours plus T90 (12 minutes) per day.
1 600 ppm
- Time schedule: twice daily on exposure days and at the end of the studies.
- Time schedule for examinations: initially, on days 6 and 13, and at the end of the studies.
HAEMATOLOGY: No
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes. Organs weighed were heart, right kidney, liver, lung, right testis, and thymus.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes. Histopathology was performed on 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm rats. In addition to gross lesions and tissue masses, the lung and nose were examined. Tissues for microscopic examination were fixed and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed and trimmed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 4 to 6 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Organ and body weight data were analyzed with the parametric multiple comparison procedures of Dunnett (1955) and Williams (1971, 1972).
Lethargy and abnormal breathing were observed in three 800 ppm males and two 1,600 ppm males, and lethargy was observed in one 1,600 ppm female. Ataxia was observed in two 800 ppm males, two 1,600 ppm males, and four 800 ppm females.
All 800 and 1,600 ppm males and females died early.
The final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of all surviving groups of exposed mice were similar to those of the chamber controls.
The absolute and relative liver weights of 400 ppm males and females and the relative liver weight of 200 ppm males were significantly greater (up to 20%) than those of the chamber controls. The absolute and relative kidney weights of 100 ppm females were significantly greater (18% and 15%, respectively) than those of the chamber controls as was the relative kidney weight of 400 ppm males (12%).
In the nose, there were significantly increased incidences of minimal olfactory epithelial degeneration in 800 and 1,600 ppm males (chamber controls, 0/5; 100 ppm, 0/0; 200 ppm, 0/0; 400 ppm, 0/5; 800 ppm, 5/5; 1,600 ppm, 4/5) and females (0/5, 0/0, 0/0, 0/5, 4/5, 5/5). Degeneration was characterized by slight disorganization of the normal olfactory architecture in the Level I and II nasal sections and the epithelial cells in the mid layers of the olfactory epithelium were often pyknotic. The mucosa often had an undulating appearance, and strands of proteinaceous debris and/or mucus were present in the nasal passages.
Based on decreased survival and nonneoplastic lesions in the nose of 800 and 1,600 ppm males and females observed in this study, exposure concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm alpha pinene were selected for the 3-month study in mice.
LOAEL
23.5 ± 05
0/5 d
3.0± 0.3
0/5 e
b Number of animals surviving at day 18/number initially in group
c Days of death: 2, 2, 3, 4, 16
d Days of death: 1, 1, 1, 1, 2
e Day of deaths: 2
f Day of deaths: 1
R. Kidney
R. Testis
No data were available for the 800 and 1,600 ppm groups due to 100% mortality.
In the 2-week study with alpha-pinene, the two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1600 ppm) were overtly toxic to mice, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity and death. Based on this experiment a maximal dose of 400 ppm was administrated in the 90-day study.
A 2-week repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene as a dose range-finding study prior to a 3 month main test. Groups of 5 male and 5 female mice were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 17 days. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, macropathology and histopathology investigations were undertaken. The two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1,600 ppm) were overtly toxic to mice, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity (e.g., ataxia, tremors, abnormal breathing) and death. In the remaining exposed groups, there was evidence of a general increase in absolute and/or relative liver and kidney weights compared to chamber control mice of both sexes, but not considered to be life threatening. In the histopathologic exams only minimal olfactory epithelial degeneration of nasal tissue was found in male and female mice exposed to 800 and 1600 ppm. Therefore, 400 ppm was selected as the high concentration for the 3-month studies in mice.
- Principle of test: Rats were exposed to alpha pinene via whole body inhalation 5 days per week for 16 days
- Weight at study initiation: 100-102 g (male) and 90-92 g (female)
Abnormal breathing, ataxia, lethargy, and nasal/eye discharge occurred in one 1,600 ppm male. In rats exposed to 800 ppm, nasal/eye discharge was observed in two males and five females, ataxia was observed in two males and two females, and tremors and abnormal breathing were observed in one male. Nasal/eye discharge and tremors were observed in three females exposed to 400 ppm.
All rats exposed to 1600 ppm were found dead by day 2. All rats exposed to 800 ppm were found dead by day 16.
Final mean body weights of all exposed rats that survived to the end of the study were similar to those of the chamber controls; the mean body weight gain of 400 ppm females was significantly less than that of the chamber control group.
The absolute liver weights of 400 ppm males and 200 ppm females were significantly greater than those of the chamber controls. The relative liver weights of 400 ppm males and all surviving groups of exposed females were significantly greater than those of the chamber controls. The absolute kidney weight of 200 ppm females was significantly greater than that of the chamber controls, and the relative kidney weights of all surviving groups of exposed males and 200 and 400 ppm females were significantly greater than those of the chamber controls. In females, the absolute lung weights of the 100 and 200 ppm groups and the relative lung weight of the 100 ppm group were significantly greater than those of the chamber controls.
There were no exposure-related microscopic findings.
There were no exposure-related microscopic findings
Based on the mortality of 800 and 1600 ppm rats and a lack of significant histopathologic findings in rats exposed to 400 ppm or less, exposure concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm alpha pinene were selected for the 3-month rat study.
101± 3
91± 2
* Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the chamber control group by Dunnett's test
Necropsy body wt wtwwt
0.530 ± 0.021 b
b n=4
In the 2-week study with alpha-pinene, the two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1600 ppm) were overtly toxic to rats, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity and death. Based on this experiment a maximal dose of 400 ppm was administrated in the 90-day study.
A 2-week repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene as a dose range-finding study prior to a 3 month main test. Groups of 5 male and 5 female rats were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 16 days. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, macropathology and histopathology investigations were undertaken. The two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1,600 ppm) were overtly toxic to rats, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity (e.g., ataxia, tremors, abnormal breathing) and death. In the remaining exposed groups, there was evidence of a general increase in absolute and/or relative liver and kidney weights compared to chamber control rats of both sexes, but not considered to be life threatening. There were no significant histopathologic findings in rats exposed to 400 ppm or less. Therefore, 400 ppm was selected as the high concentration for the 3-month studies in rats.
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The target substance d-alpha pinene is an enantiomeric form of the analogue substance alpha pinene, therefore they share the same functional groups and also have comparable values for the relevant molecular properties.
See attached the reporting format.
read-across source
other: Read-across from an analogue
other: Read-across from an analogue for which significantly decreased sperm count per mg cauda in males treated at 200 and 400 ppm and in cauda sperm counts in 100, 200, and 400 ppm groups were observed.
other: read-across from an analogue for which LOEL = 100 ppm
other: Read-across from an analogue for which LOEL=100ppm
Based on read across from the analogue alpha pinene, the inhalation 90d-LOEL in mice for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 100 ppm based on the effects on transitional epithelium hyperplasia of the urinary bladder for males and females and decrease in sperm per cauda epididymis for males.
Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and the LOEL for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 100 ppm.
other: read across from an analogue
other: read-across from an analogue for which LOEL=25 ppm
other: Read-across from an analogue for which significant decrease of sperm per cauda in 200 and 400 ppm was observed.
In a repeated dose toxicity study with alpha pinene after 14 weeks of vapour inhalation exposure to rats, increases of incidences of kidney lesions at 25 ppm and decrease of sperm per cauda at 200 ppm in male rats were reported. Based on read across from the analogue alpha pinene, the inhalation 90d-LOEL in rats for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 25 ppm based on increases of incidences of kidney lesions in male rats.
Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and the LOEL for d-alpha pinene was determined to be 25 ppm based on increases of incidences of kidney lesions in male rats.
other: Read-across from an analogue for which LOAEL=800ppm
Based on the 2-week study with the analogue alpha pinene and the read across applied from this analogue, 400 ppm is determined to be the maximal dose for d-alpha pinene in the 90-day study.
A 2-week repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene as a dose range-finding study prior to a 3 month main test. Groups of 5 male and 5 female mice were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 17 days. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, macropathology and histopathology investigations were undertaken. The two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1,600 ppm) were overtly toxic to mice, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity (e.g., ataxia, tremors, abnormal breathing) and death. In the remaining exposed groups, there was evidence of a general increase in absolute and/or relative liver and kidney weights compared to chamber control mice of both sexes, but not considered to be life threatening. In the histopathologic exams only minimal olfactory epithelial degeneration of nasal tissue was found in male and female mice exposed to 800 and 1600 ppm. Therefore, 400 ppm was selected as the high concentration for the 3-month studies in mice. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and 400 ppm is determined to be the maximal dose for d-alpha pinene in the 90-day study.
other: Read-across from an analogue for which LOAEL=800 ppm
A 2-week repeated dose toxicity study (inhalation route) was performed on alpha pinene as a dose range-finding study prior to a 3 month main test. Groups of 5 male and 5 female rats were exposed to the test item by whole body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 16 days. During the study, clinical observations, bodyweight, organ weight, macropathology and histopathology investigations were undertaken. The two highest exposure concentrations (800 and 1,600 ppm) were overtly toxic to rats, resulting in clinical findings of toxicity (e.g., ataxia, tremors, abnormal breathing) and death. In the remaining exposed groups, there was evidence of a general increase in absolute and/or relative liver and kidney weights compared to chamber control rats of both sexes, but not considered to be life threatening. There were no significant histopathologic findings in rats exposed to 400 ppm or less. Therefore, 400 ppm was selected as the high concentration for the 3-month studies in rats. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and 400 ppm is determined to be the maximal dose for d-alpha pinene in the 90-day study.
LOAEC
140 mg/m³
Study duration:
subchronic
The study has a Klimisch score = 2
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from experimental results with alpha pinene in rat via inhalation:
Read-across from experimental results with alpha pinene in mouse via inhalation:
Based on the available data, the substance is not classified for specific target organ toxicity by repeated exposure (STOT-RE) according to CLP Regulation (EC) no 1272/2008.
Tervetuloa kemikaaliviraston verkkosivustolle. Internet Explorer 7 (ja aiemmat versiot) ei täysin tue tätä sivustoa. Päivitä Internet Explorerin uudempi versio.
Älä näytä tätä viestiä uudestaan.
Tällä verkkosivustolla käytetään evästeitä parhaan mahdollisen käyttäjäkokemuksen varmistamiseksi.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Son-con War for Their Son – Ch. 01
November 13, 2017 November 14, 2017 by Wu Jizun
"Your majesty, your majesty, I am coming in. Your majesty, it is unbecoming of you to be so lazy. You have been stalling for a long time. You have not attended your morning lessons yet. You cannot leave today's tasks for tomorrow. If you continue like this in a few days, you will put the Rosvenor kingdom to shame when you marry off to the Socina kingdom… Your majesty?" The maid who was lecturing the princess pushed the doors to the room open. Inside the large room, only a white curtain fluttering could be seen. There was nobody on the red bed. The open window, and rope tied to the bed-leg told the maid how her majesty escaped. The maid ran to the window with disbelief. Below, there was only a rope on the ground. No, it couldn't be called a rope. It was a bunch of cloth tied together to become a long piece of cloth, and the cloth came from the wedding dress prepared for her majesty's wedding.
"Her majesty has run away!!"
The cry of the maid could be heard throughout the outer court.
That's right, the beginning of this was as rotten as every other story, but it was something that truly took place. Perhaps the story of "the princess has ran away to avoid her wedding" gave the princess the inspiration to follow her heart. She escaped through her window from the fourth floor in the outer court, and then escaped out of the palace under the watchful eyes of the guards.
"My sister ran off?"
In the dining hall, a young man laughed out loud while holding his glass after hearing the maid recount what happened while panting. He laughed and said: "I thought this would happen. I knew it. How would my younger sister be willing to marry somebody she'd never even met before. The king of Socina is already over sixty, what would my sister marry him for?"
The king wiped his mouth, stroked his white hair and said: "After your sister marries him and he dies, Socina will become your sister's."
The young man looked at his father and without fear said: "Father, I think that a city conquered by using a woman will eventually be taken by a man. Nobody will accept their kingdom being ruled by a woman who was married into the kingdom. If we want to have Socina, we should send troops there, not my younger sister."
The king laughed and said: "Son, war can bring you glory and land, but will cause the people to lose their families and homes. I am very happy to know that my daughter can replace thousands of people."
"Father, a nation's army is one of the most important elements of its survival. I do not wish for war, however, conquest requires iron and bloodshed."
"Hahaha, son, you're wrong. A nation's army is their destruction." The king laughed as he stood up and continued, "Do the people want war? No. The people want a peaceful and stable life. Soldiers cannot provide them with any benefits. Instead of giving them a sabre, how about giving them a piece of bread? Take a look, son. With no wars in forty years, several of our food warehouses have been filled, and we also have a good relationship with our neighbouring tribe. Isn't that good? As for Socina, I've had a think. Since my daughter has run away, I'll go and apologise to the king of Socina, and give him some money. Wouldn't that solve it?"
The young man wanted to say something, but after a moment's hesitation, he decided not to.
The Rosvenor kingdom is very wealthy.
That is true.
The kingdom of Rosvenor is located in the Great Plains. While it is just a single city, it produces half of the continent's food. Thanks to their food export and the merchants at work in the city, the kingdom of Rosvenor's wealth grew. The people do not have to worry about food or clothing, the king is quiet and inactive, while the atmosphere in the society is free-going. Before we knew it, the kingdom of Rosvenor became a place for humans waging war on the courtyard to take shelter.
Uhm, other than the princess running away this time, they basically have no problems.
The maid which had been ignored the entire time finally had a chance, and she stuttered the words: "So how shall we deal with… the princess running away…..?"
The young man laughed, put on his hat and said: "Don't worry about her. She's always wanted to run away. She's finally achieved her dream. She'll come back on her own accord once she's bored. I've never heard of anybody dying from starvation in this nation."
That's right; the prince of Rosvenor wasn't lying. Indeed, you basically can't die from starvation in Rosvenor. If you truly have no home to return to, somebody will arrange for you to stay in a chapel if you can find a barrack. If that happens, you won't have to worry about clothing or food.
But the prerequisite is that you need to "be in this country".
The princess leaned on a large rough tree, and nervously looked at her surroundings that were basically covered in green. She was surrounded by nothing but trees while the tree leaves obscured her view above so not even a ray of light shone through. However, the forest wasn't particularly dark.
The princess was dressed in simple clothing peasants saw on the daily. She wore a shirt and long pants. Around her waist was a belt normally worn by soldiers. However, what hung from her belt wasn't a long sword but a small pouch with flowers sewn on. Her black hair, which is a rarely seen hair colour, was sprawled behind her head, while her beautiful face looked anxious. She scanned the forest which looked the same no matter where she went with her black pupils. What started out as a happy and energetic feeling from achieving freedom had now turned into fear.
How about… I go back…..
She had no idea where she was. She just climbed over the walls at night and then snuck aboard a box wagon. She thought it would've taken her to the West or Castor in the East, but instead, it took her into the forests up North. When she got busted, she used a gold coin to escape the scolding. Afterwards, she heard that she could see elves at the end of the forest, so the brave young girl entered the forest without any consideration.
However, she had never lived outside of her palace before, so she thought the forest was like the flower garden in the palace. She never expected the forest to look the same wherever she went. She had a sense of direction when she entered, but now that was gone too. While she started to feel scared and wanted go back, she couldn't find her way back.
The princess shook her head and pumped herself up, reminding herself that she'd have to marry an old sixty-year old man if she returned. She'd rather die from starvation in the forest. And so she stepped forward again…..
"Uwahhhh!!"
Her line of sight suddenly flipped upside down.
To be more precise, she was hanging upside down. She had stepped into a trap meant for prey.
When stepped on, the trap activates, hanging the prey up by its leg. And by the next day, the prey would be done for.
But what it had caught was a human!
The princess cried out as she swung back and forth from the tree she was hanging from. The princess finally understood what orbit meant. Not only was her sight flipped in reverse, she was being swung back and forth by the rope. The princess desperately tried to pull her body up to untie the rope, but since she was inexperienced, the more she struggled, the tighter it got.
The princess soon ran out of energy and hung upside down from the tree. Her despair and terror erased the courage and hope formed from her curiosity.
"HELP ME!!! HELP ME!"
She croaked once she ran out of energy. However, her voice quickly disappeared in the forest, scaring off only a group of birds flying past. The princess could no longer fight her fear and terror. She wanted to go home. She just said that she'd rather starve than marry the old geezer, but she was now willing to do anything to save herself. The young girl's cries and desperate cries for help echoed in the forest, but not even a wild animal gave her time of the day.
The sky was starting to get darker while the princess was losing her voice. The sunset was now just a slit and the forest had started to become dark, while the footsteps of who-knows-what beasts could begin to be heard as well as the whistling of the wind. The young girl hugged herself tightly. Her red eyes could almost no longer form tears. She was feeling dizzy, and everything she saw looked like blood.
Was she doomed to die in the forest? Was she doomed to slowly die while hung up like a rabbit, or a wild boar?
"No!! No!! I don't want to die!!"
The young girl cried out with all her might, even when her voice no longer resembled that of a human's. She was afraid as she ran from the reality hitting her. Her gaze was filled with despair. She knew that nobody could hear her cries, but she still cried out of instinct. Her cries slowly floated and disappeared into the distance, with only the angry birds who got shocked by her cries, crying back with frustration.
It looks like the princess really might not make it back alive.
Categories Son-ConTags Adult, Chinese Novel, Comedy, Fantasy, Incest, Magic, Mature, Romance, Son-con, Tsundere, Web Novel, Yandere, 告急!重生之后的妈妈们是子控!, 川香麻辣鸡肉锅


text:
Q: Can't create new program instance using System.Diagnostics My program's executable file's name is "foo.exe", and I'm trying to open another window of that same program. I cannot open another window by creating a new Form1 and Showing that because of a custom control I'm using. The only way to get to open a new window of my form properly is by starting the executable file again, "foo.exe". So far, I've tried:
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("foo.exe");
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("\\foo.exe");

None of those work, unfortunately. So I tried this with both .Location and "foo.exe":
System.Diagnostics.Process process = new System.Diagnostics.Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = (System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
process.Start();

After I observed the code using Task Manager, I've found that the process foo.exe is started and right away suspended.
The same thing happens when I open from Command Prompt! What should I do?

A: You can try this:
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Application.StartupPath + @"\YourApplicationName.exe");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With the end of the amazing Birchbox point program and also the cancellation of my subscription (I still have 7 months left in my pre-paid year, but as of last week I cancelled the auto rebilling so I'll no longer be subscribed), it's high time I used up my remaining point balance. After next months last round of sample reviews I'll have about $32 to use it. This week I bring you a Wednesday Wants: Birchbox Edition to give myself a list to work off of. Some of these things I'll definitely be hunting for a better bargain so stay tuned for a Birchbox haul sometime next month when I make my final decisions.
Royal Apothic Cuppa Cuppa Firming Tea Treatment Mask ($58) First up is a product that I actually discovered through Birchbox. This tea mask is amazing tingly and a little goes a long way. This clay mask is infused with an antioxidant rich blend of white, black and green tea as well as other botanical extracts such as acai, pomegranate, coffee, and goji berry. It firms, reduces dark spots, helps skin retain moisture and gently exfoliates to reveal brighter skin. It's very pricey for a tin plus six .33oz tubes. You're suppose to use the entire tube for one facial but when I had the sample which was just one of those tubes I actually got a good 3-4 uses out of it. It left my skin feeling firm and smooth while looking bright. I loved how it felt when it was on my skin and the results it gave. It's pricey but I would love to get my hands on it.
Beautiful Nutrition Lemon Rinse ($10) This seems like an interesting concept especially since you use it after you shampoo and condition. While a conditioner is great at hydrating your hair it's important to rinse thoroughly because it can really weigh down your hair. Since I use hair masks exclusively, that's double the weight on my strands. This lemon rinse is a clarifying treatment that balances hair pH, seals cuticles and promotes scalp health so it would really be great to remove any product build up from a wash cycle.
Sumbody Detox Facial Toner ($23.95) I'm still on the hunt for the perfect morning toner and this one seems interesting. The main ingredient is apple cider vinegar which is a great detoxifying ingredient and this toner has the addition of witch hazel which is a great antibacterial to fight acne. This seems like a great lightweight toner to use in the morning that is alcohol free. It's small though, only 4oz so in the end I might not be able to justify this purchase for something that might not even work for me.
ARROW HYDRATE Soothing Facial Mist ($12) A complexion boosting hydrating mist that I want for one purpose and it is to mix with powder face masks. I don't remember where I saw it but someone mentioned using a facial mist instead of water to activate powder form face masks and instantly I thought of my clariSEA charcoal mask (that I actually got off Birchbox) and how it would be perfect! I never thought to use something besides water to make that paste but it makes so much sense, like hacking together your own super powered mask. I like the blend of coconut water, eucalyptus, mint and hyaluronic acid that this stuff is made out of so I might be able to justify the hefty price tag.
Shea Terra Organics S. African Lavender Soothing Facial Water ($16) Here's another facial water that I would love to try mixing with powder masks. This one can double as a light toner too and lavender is an anti-redness agent that would mix well with my blemish prone skin.
Juice Beauty® Blemish Be Gone ($15) Still on the hunt for a good spot treatment to use in my morning routine so this is just one that I stumbled across while combing the pages of the store.
ORIGINS Super Spot Remover™ Acne Treatment Gel ($16) Another spot treatment I found.
Sigma Beauty F57 - Emphasize Contour ($26) I'm really into contouring lately and I find myself taking flat top kabukis and holding the bristles flat in order to hack my way into a contour brush. It seems high time that I invest in a real contour brush and in general I want to go through all my makeup brushes and clean house. It's such an odd mix of brands in there and a few of them are pretty horrible but I hold onto them just because I don't have alternatives. Time for some upgrades and I would love to start with this guy right here!
Illume Dylan Ceramic Candle ($13.50) I love the Birchbox shop because besides beauty and makeup products they also have home products. It's kind of crazy because this is quite expensive for a 4.7oz candle, but I just love the container it comes in for decor and aesthetics reasons. I would love to have all three of these but of course I'll hunt around for cheaper alternatives because I'm sure they're out there.
Umbra Magnolia Ring Holder ($10) A few more decor items that again I can probably find for cheaper, but this beautiful piece I imagine as a great catch all by the front door. It would be good for keys, change or any other little trinkets you pull out of your pocket. I think it might be a little small for what I'm imaging but the idea of it is here.
Umbra Zoola Elephant Ring Holder ($8) I've seen these a lot of places and it's always something I tuck in the back of my mind to pick up at one point. These adorable animal ring holders are great decor pieces on top of dressers or would make nice bookshelf decor in general. I'm loving the chrome guy since I'm definitely more of a silver and copper gal.
Umbra Anigram Giraffe Ring Holder ($8) I absolutely love giraffes and this would look adorable with the little elephant.
Umbra Prisma Tray ($15) This was an add-on box item once and I'm kicking myself for not getting it especially now that the brass one is out of stock. It's just a nice cushy tray but I think it would be lovely for holding perfumes, or at least my favorite ones.The good news is that Amazon does carry this particular tray as well as a bunch of beautiful Umbra decor items so I think I'll have another day of combing through Amazon for some fun pieces.
BAGGU® Standard Baggu Tote Bag ($9) I believe I got this free with a Birchbox purchase and I find myself using it so much that I want more. I love the watermelon and flamingo patterns, I might need both. These bags are sturdy and roomy but at the same time they can be folded up real small into their provided bag. They fold up flat enough to tuck into the tiny pouch I use to hold my wallet, keys, and phone making a trip to the grocery store very easy. Just having one now means I leave it all over the place so I would have to have more of these bags to stash everywhere that I might need one.
BAGGU® Big BAGGU® ($12) Basically everything I said above, but now the slightly bigger bag for holding even more things.
Acure Organics Pore Minimizing Facial Scrub ($12.99) I'm always buying into these gimmicky pore minimizing products when I know full well you can't shrink pores. But I'm always on the hunt for good cleansers to use with my Clarisonic because I have yet to find one that I really love. This one is formulated with red clay and black jojoba beads for exfoliation. I have a red clay peel mask that my skin loves so it makes sense to try out a scrub with the same ingredient.
Acure Organics Facial Cleansing Gel Superfruit + CGF ($9.99) Just another cleanser, this time gel because I love how lightweight gel cleansers are so I'm thinking this would work great with a Clarisonic.
clariSEA Skintox Activated Charcoal Salt Bar ($11) I'm really loving using a bar of soap to cleanse after an oil cleanser and this one looked interesting. Activated charcoal to detox skin with salt to draw the moisture to the surface. It's also pretty to look at and is a blend of olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil.
Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 8% AHA Gel Exfoliant ($28) I haven't quite given up on Paula's Choice products yet even thought everything I've tried hasn't been that effective. This is an AHA gel that you layer on underneath your serums and moisturizers that will work to gently exfoliate your skin. The concept is interesting albeit a little frightening to think of but I'm interested to test it out for sure.
COOLA® SPF 30 Organic Makeup Setting Spray ($36) Last item which is something I'll definitely be buying whether it's from here on from Sephora, is this amazing makeup spray. It smells great, really helps mattify my skin AND it has SPF, something I hate applying so I never use it even though I know that I should. Spritz and go, it's also great for a refreshing pick me up throughout the day.


January is always a challenge as I plan to get fit with Kilo the Pug, especially when it gets down to minus 30 with the windchill. Some dogs stay warmer than others in very cold temperatures and love the snow, but we both hate the cold. Kilo refuses to wear boots or coats and does not like going outside at all.
Get Active Indoors on this snowy day with Dog Tricks, Dog Games, and More!
Community member Marcy shared her tips for keeping all of her talented fur babies Sweetie, Lulu and Shivers entertained and active during the winter season.
Make sure you have an appropriate toy, something that is soft and comfortable to hold in your dogs mouth. Try a soft rope that's one to three feet long!
A game of Tug can be a great way to work on some basic training and mental exercise for your dog in a fun way. Use key phrases like "Drop it" or "Give," while playing, and throw in a "Sit", and "Stay" before letting your dog have the toy to work on self-control.
Kilo really loves playing Tug. He is not so keen on Drop It yet but we are working on it.
Tanun, one of our Rescues Rock! cuties loves to play a good game of Tug! For any high energy dog this can be a great way to engage their natural prey drive and burn some energy by jumping and tugging on the toy.
Have your dog stay while you go hide, then yell for your dog to come find you. This is a lot of fun for your dog as it plays on their natural instinct to track, plus they love it when they find you!
Or hide a toy or treat while your dogs stays elsewhere then call them to search- dogs like retrievers and Gussy the Goldendoodle love this game. I often throw or hide treats for Kilo to "go find".
Lazer toys aren't just for the felines anymore! Let your dog burn off energy by chasing that little red dot that just seems to be impossible to catch! Easy to do even in small spaces and so much fun.
Marcy showed us another great idea for small dogs – a swim in the bathtub. This can be perfect to burn off energy, get in shape and get clean all at once!
The benefits of swimming include strengthening heart and lungs, providing an aerobic workout in just a few minutes. and building muscle without stressing joints and ligaments. This is a safe, effective complement to exercise on dry land. Water's buoyancy makes it easy on joints, tendons and ligaments – allowing dogs to increase mobility, burn fat and build stamina.
You can even put your dog in a life jacket or a harness for safety before he goes for a dip and holds him up allowing him to paddle and rewarding him. For all dogs, constant supervision is a must!
Fill up your tub so that your dog can't touch the bottom and let the fun begin. Make sure the water is at a comfortable warm temperature but not too hot.
For larger dogs, check out a local Doggy Swim Class like Fit Dogs Training Centres in Toronto HERE!
Use your time inside to master some new tricks! We are constantly amazed to see the cool new tricks that our Talent Hound Community Members share on the site. They inspire me with Kilo the Pug and he loves learning (or at least the rewards LOL).
So with some extra time spent indoors this season why not work on some cool new tricks to wow the entire dog park with.
Here are Sweetie and Lulu showing off some cool tricks. Give them a try and share photos of your Talent Hound mastering new tricks! I have been teaching Kilo to ride his rocking horse too.
Ranger doing a Paw Stand which you can practice indoors.
Let us know how you keep your dog fit and happy indoors?
Great ideas for indoor activities when the weather is bad. A swim in the bathtub for the little guys is GREAT! Thanks for joining the Hop.
Thanks- Love this Hop and all your inspiration.
With our frigid New York winters, we don't get outside for as long as the dogs would like. So indoor activities are important. Fantastic ideas…and, I don't want to give it all away, but one of them hit upon our first K9Kamp challenge! Check next week and I hope you join in on K9Kamp!
We always get out the treat toys and brain games when the weather get rough. The dogs love it!
We're working on the pawstand among other things. Winter isn't too bad here except for when it pours.
Some great ideas! We do a lot of indoor Fetch and puzzles here!
Wows – I can only dream to be so fabulous!!
My humans have found a bunch of in door games to keep me busy through this long, cold winter! Great ideas, I will have to share them!
That's how I feel about dieting too!
Those are amazing tricks! Bentley LOVES to play laser light. He also does a mean death scene after being shot with your finger. LOL! LOL!
It was beautiful weather for our walk today. We will try learning some of these tricks, though – they look like so much fun! Thanks.
Those are some great ideas! Thanks for sharing!
These are great activity ideas. I loved playing tug with my dog as a child. I bet it's adorable to watch a dog swim in the bathtub!
My mom's dog loves to play tug-o-war all year long.
These are awesome tips to keep them active indoors. This is a great roundup. I will check the other posts later when I have the time.
These are all great tips. I love the bathtub swimming idea – very fun and cute. I've actually done that with one of my cats before MOL!
These are great ideas, although my dogs would not like the bath idea, LOL!
Our winters can be pretty long here, so I'm always appreciative of good ideas for helping my dogs stay active. Thanks!
Got some great new ideas for tricks!
I love playing hide-and-seek, it reinforces fast, happy recall!


Following the game's introductory mission, you'll get to explore your safe house and otherwise drive around Liberty City for a minute or two. During this time, you should receive a text message from Tony to meet him at the Maisonette 9 club. Drive due south from your safe house, and you'll get there easily enough, and in short order. Upon your arrival, you'll watch as Luis heads inside automatically, and waits for Tony to conclude a phone conversation. Hereafter, Tony rushes Luis back outside. It appears he needs to be driven to a location in Chinatown.
What's going on in Chinatown? As you'll find out when you're driving Tony to your destination at the southern end of Algonquin (more specifically, at the intersection of Albany Street and Diamond Street), he'll be pretty tight-lipped about what's happening. However, when you finally arrive at your destination, you'll get a better idea of just what's going on. Before you even enter the meeting, you'll see a Chinese mobster speaking with a familiar character (if you've played The Lost and Damned, that is). Then, you'll get your chance to do the talking.
Indeed, it appears something nefarious is afoot. This Chinese mobster will try his hardest to keep things easy and polite, but it won't take long for the conversation to devolve. After Luis is rather clear that he and Luis aren't patsies to sort out the Chinese character's licensing issue, a gun is drawn. Seemingly in a bind, Luis eventually flips the script on this man, kicking the gun out of his hand and sending him to an unconscious swoon on the concrete ground. Unfortunately, a bullet is fired off from the gun, and the noise from the shot has alerted his friends to what's going on up here. Good thing Tony handed Luis a gun on the way over.
This strange looking gun "out of a sci-fi movie," as Luis puts it, will be your best friend as you attempt to get out of this half-finished building. You're several floors up, and getting down to the ground level and back outside will be no easy feat. If you've played Grand Theft Auto IV (and I can't imagine you haven't, if you're playing this DLC), you'll know exactly what to do, how to fight, et cetera. Combat hasn't changed at all. However, if you're in need of some combat-based help, be sure to follow the on-screen prompts as you move forward, since they'll instruct you on all of the rules of combat. There is one thing you'll want to ignore, however, and that's how to swap guns. While this will come in handy later, there is absolutely, positively no reason to swap out your powerful assault rifle for an Uzi. Keep that in mind as you move out.
Take things slowly. Luis is Tony's bodyguard in addition to being his partner, so don't expect Tony to wield a gun and help you out. As far as combat is concerned, you'll be on your own. Don't round any corner without looking first, and be sure to stare down to the bottom of stairwells when you approach them, since enemies are almost always on their way up. This is a pretty straight-forward battle with unintelligent AI, so there's no excuse for dying here, especially because not only will you be drowning in ammunition, but you'll encounter two pieces of body armor moving forward as well, if you need it.
Eventually, you'll reach the building's bottom level, an indoor mall of sorts. This is where your Chinese adversaries will put up their final fight. Clear these enemies out and emerge outside via a double glass door. You won't be able to proceed until the scared (and slow) Tony finally comes down the final hallway and emerges outside himself. Once he does, get in the car and drive him back to his place on Feldspar Street, following the GPS to get you there. Once you arrive, the two partners will, for the time being, bid each other adieu.


The title fits perfectly with the video because it honestly shows the come up from someone who never had it. Throughout the visual, you get a glimpse of how Q Money is living as he shows off newly found money stacks. He also has local kids in the video from his town which can be a true indication of giving hope to those who are chasing those same goals and aspirations.


Ok so this isn't a political post and I don't plan to share how I am voting in the next few days. But I am going to talk about something serious that this election and the media have been discussing over the last few months. I wanted your attention and I hope I have it, because this is serious.
Trauma and sexual assault are a big deal. Like a really big deal. Like a life changing, altering big deal. I hear people say, "I was traumatized by such and such" or "I have PTSD after seeing or witnessing such and such". I hear this out of sarcasm and frustration. I have been guilty of dramatically exclaiming I have PTSD from time to time.
The problem with this is saying we have PTSD minimizes the disorder. Because generally after experiencing stress or witnessing something dramatic or unwanted, we can move on and live our lives. We are not haunted or bothered by the thing we said caused us to have PTSD. People cannot just get over PTSD. They remain stuck in the stressful and traumatizing event over and over. When we say "I have been traumatized" or "I have PTSD" and then move on we send a message to those with PTSD to "get over it" and "move on".
We also down play and minimize that women, and men, are sexually assaulted daily. I get it, no one likes to feel unsafe. You don't want to go throughout your day worrying about someone violating your body. So the way we convince ourselves that we are safe is to tell ourselves that we do make the same decisions as someone that has been sexually violated. We believe we make safer and better choices to avoid being put in a situation to be harmed.
I don't want you walking around feeling scared, but this type of thinking causes us to shame victims. We think, or say, that so-and-so should not have drank so much, so-and-so should not have been out so late at night, or that so-and-so should not have been flirting with or engaging with this person that hurt them. This must stop.
No one asks to be sexually assaulted. No one wants this to happen to them. Being sexually assaulted is a violation of your body, your control…your power. You own your body and control you body and when someone else decides to use your body as they wish violates your inner being.
Learn to keep yourself safe. Not be in fear, but education leads to awareness. The more aware you are the better you make decisions to benefit you.
Look out for each other. If you see something wrong. Say something!
Recognize that someone can not just get over and move on from a traumatic experience. They need patience, support, and compassion to overcome.
Respect others. Do matter what "signals" or "signs" you are getting from a person, you do not have the right to impede on their personal space until that person agrees.
If you have been traumatized you may be feeling a lot of shame and guilt. You question what you did wrong and blame yourself. You do not have to feel this way. There is hope. There is help. Contact me to learn how.


I am very excited to share with you our vision of the map of Ceres!
Of course this is a work in progress and the borders of the kingdoms and counties are not yet visible but you can see the overall landscape.
This map is the work of Robert Altbauer. You can check his other artwork here.
Under the watchful eye of lead writer Erik Scott de Bie, the writing team of Rhiannon Louve, Gabrielle Harbowy, and Chris Lites is now crafting the description of the thirty-three kingdoms of Ceres and the numerous factions controlling the nearly one thousand assets spread over the continent.
What mysteries lie in the deep forests of the East and up the highest mountains surrounding the secluded inner sea?
What do you think of this map? Let us know on the forum!
Be a Conqueror or a Diplomat. Be a Ruler!
© 2018 Seeds of Wars. All Rights Reserved.


Roden's 2nd release for is kit #448 Beechcraft SD17S in 1/48 scale! A pre war float plane.
Roden have published few pictures and boxarts of their latest 1:48 scale releases.
Roden's newest releases have arrived!
Greeting from sunny and very hot Kiev! With this message I inform you that a parcel with two new model kits. The 1:72 Nieuport 27 C.1 (# 061) & 1:48 DeHavilland DH 4 with RAF3 engine and will be sent to your address in several weeks. Please, let me know as soon as you receive it.
Greeting from sunny and very hot Kiev!
With this message I inform you that a parcel with one 1:48 Bee4chcraft Naval version model kits (# 447) have been sent to your address yesterday.
A new 1:32 wonder from Roden is the first in a series of WWI Nieuport fighters.
Roden just keeps on churning them out. I just got a package with examples of the second 1:144 issue DC-7C (They sold out of the first set issued in Feb. 2011.) The new 1:72 Nieuport 24 and the 1:48 PC-6/B2-H2 were also included. All in all a great selection.
This is the second issue of this kit mold. It is essentially the civilian version of the Fairchild Peacemaker AU-23 kit. The sprues for weapons and pylons are gone and have been replaced with a set of sprues that have passenger seats.
In the hands of England's Naval Aviators the unconventional Sopwith Triplane was to prove itself well in the hostile skies of 1917. As a model, it has been a favorite subject for decades. Now Roden has come to us with a very versitile kit.
Next inline for release is their mold of the DeHavilland DH 4 with the Puma engine (kit #430).
It will be available in the first 10 days of February, 2010.
Please, see also attached pictures. . . Sincerely, Olga"
Modelimex have released contents shots of the new 1:32 Siemens-Schuckert D.III from Roden.
Modelimex have released pictures of Rden's new quarterscale De Havilland D.H.4a with an enclosed passenger compartment.


Image for calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie: Grenade.
Source for calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie: Grenade.
How many calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie?
There are 108 calories in a ½ Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 215 calories in a Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 358 calories in 100g of Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
About 33% of the calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie comes from fat.
About 27% of the calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie comes from carbs.
About 40% of the calories in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie comes from protein.
How much fat in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie?
There are 4.1g of fat in a ½ Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 8.1g of fat in a Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 13.5g of fat in 100g of Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
How many carbs in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie?
There are 7.6g of carbs in a ½ Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 15.2g of carbs in a Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 25.4g of carbs in 100g of Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
How much protein in Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie?
There are 11.2g of protein in a ½ Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 22.4g of protein in a Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.
There are 37.4g of protein in 100g of Grenade Carb Killa High Protein Bar White Chocolate Cookie.


Board a real life crab-fishing vessel in Ketchikan. Popularized by the television show Deadliest Catch, fishing for king crab is notorious for being one of the world's most dangerous professions.
Very informative and entertaining crew.
Very informative and entertaining crew. We saw many bald eagles on this tour and learned a great deal about life on a fishing boat.
the excursion on the Alaskan Ballad was amazing.
The Deadliest Catch boat trip was the best excursion EVER.
Bering Sea Crab Fisherman's Tour was a great excursion and so much fun.
Not to be missed if you're a Deadliest Catch fan...or even if you're not.
Booked independently because the cruiseline was charging too much.
Booked independently because the cruiseline was charging too much. The three hour excursion was WONDERFUL! Only problem was the short stay in Ketchikan. No time for shopping after the tour.
This excursion was taken on one of the boats seen on the show, The Deadliest Catch.
Packed with information and personal experiences of the crabmen.
Packed with information and personal experiences of the crabmen. Get to touch and see closeup the crabs and sealife, in tank. Kids loved it. Bald eagles diving out of the trees and sky for frozen herring.
Loved it. Pricy but everything is if your taking excursions. Get ready for the eagles!
We were on the Allutian Ballad and it was the best excursion we took.
Great city and fantastic tour!
Great city and fantastic tour! The guides were very kind and informative. The eagles were amazing.
We booked through Viator because the exact same tour as the ship offered was $60 less than the ship price. Loved this experience. Got to see king crabs, stone crabs, squids and bald eagles up close and personal. Highly recommend.
Very good excursion. Took the deadliest catch tour. Guides were informative and we got to see whales too.
Fun, but very "touristy". I expected it to be more realistic. The captain was great though and moved the boat closer to whales when we saw them breech, so that was really cool.
The Bearing Sea Fisherman's Tour was fantastic!
Loved the personal experiences shared by the hosts!
Loved the personal experiences shared by the hosts! Interactive experiences with the crab and prawn were fun!
Eagles are AMAZING! Everyone gets to touch the crabs and prawns!!
My husband a huge fan of the series and remembers the boat.
Well run, got to see how they caught the crabs, lots of eagles up close, great personal stories from the crew!
Great trip, saw lots of eagles and got a great education in crab fishing.
Great trip, saw lots of eagles and got a great education in crab fishing. A great bonus was coming upon a salmon fishing boat as they pulled in their catch.
The Allucian Ballard is just a quick walk from the ship.
An outstanding shore excursion that provides lots of opportunity to see and hold different types of marine life. The crew provided interesting stories of their lives and experiences on the boat.
Whole family enjoyed it so much!


I had Easter dinner at my mother's house this past weekend. It was a particularly auspicious occasion since all three of my sisters were there with their families, and it's fairly rare these days for all four of us to be in one place at the same time.
So of course, my mom had made pie. Four pies, actually.
Much like Luke Skywalker in The Empire Strikes Back, believing he was ready to face Darth Vader even though incomplete was his training, I swaggered into my mom's house ready to taste test. I thought, hey, I've been making pies for four months now, I've got it. I'm ready to see how I stack up against the real thing.
And I got served. Pun intended. I was lucky to emerge without being frozen in carbonite.
My mother's pie is way, way, way, way better than mine. Sir Monkeypants and I both were like, OH RIGHT, this is how pie is supposed to be! How silly of us.
On Sunday, I talked my mom into making yet another pie with me and I learned about a thousand things I have been doing wrong. She makes her pastry with milk, not water; she bakes her pies at 400 degrees, not 375; she greases the pie plate before loading in the pastry (doh, that seems so obvious now!).
The biggest difference, though, is that she uses much more liquid in her pastry mix than I have been. She freaked me out by dumping at least a half cup of milk in there all at once, and then mixing it up to a nice soft lump like PlayDoh. I've been under the impression that the least amount of liquid, the better, and I painstakingly measure out two scant tablespoons of water each time and sprinkle the water ever-so-delicately over the entire thing, until it barely clings together. Apparently, wrong. At least, according to Yoda.
Also my rolling methods leave a lot to be desired, not a surprise. And I don't use enough sugar in my apple pie filling. And I should use water to seal the edges of the pie, and my mom's style of crimping is way more effective and faster, and I need to work on my vent cutting technique.
I like it that my mom cuts a 9-inch pie into only six pieces. Because that's the way pie should clearly be served. Testify!
So my mother remains the master, and I'm back in basic training. I'm smarting, but I'll be making another pie this week anyway and we'll see how it turns out.
those look like some mighty fine pies. look at it this way, at least you have now learn and everything will be easier and better the next time. i think it's a step forward, not back since now you are that much more ahead of making the perfect pie. tes-ti-fy!
Yum! It is good to take wisdom from the elders. It takes many years to make a Jedi . I'm sure I could come up with many more Star Wars encouraging mediphors but I will spare you my butchering of the classic. As long as you are enjoying the process, then that is what matters most.
Just reminded me of my mom and how we joke about her pie making abilities. She does make a decent pie (apple and pumpkin only) but it is an ordeal to her. Then of course these pies only get served on special occasions when we have cameras out. So we have lots of pictures of her with her pies. "My, how she loved to bake a pie" is how we snicker that we will always remember her when she goes to that great kitchen in the sky.
Oooh….I follow some of the tricks your mom does, but not all. I have to try using milk instead of water in the crust.
Out of curiosity, what kind of rolling pin does she use? A good ol' fashioned wooden one? I had a wooden one that kinda fell apart recently and ended up buying a fancy-schmancy silicone rubber one I found on sale. Not sure I like it as much as my old fashioned wooden one, though. I've seen marble rolling pins, too, but I've never used one.
My mom uses your basic wood rolling pin. I busted mine several months ago and have been making do with just the middle part, rolling it like it was a stick with no handles. Maybe this is why I am having trouble rolling, OY VEY.
You might be pleased to know that cooksillustrated (my favorite cooking website and IMHO the authority on all things cooking) find the one piece pins to be the best overall. Granted, they use rolling pins that are MEANT to be one piece. The features they liked were a large cylindrical region plus a taper at the ends for maneuverability.
Interesting…again, I've seen the one piece pins, but I've never used one.
Do you have any of the Cooks Illustrated cookbooks? They're fabulous. The instructions sometimes get a bit too ridiculously complicated, but I love how they go into so much detail about why they use certain ingredients and cooking methods over others.
And Lynn, if you're making this much pie, you definitely deserve a new rolling pin!
Hoping this week's pie makes an appearance at girl's poker night this saturday!!
Oh it will — strawberry :).
Isn't it nice to know that you can still learn things from your mom all these many years later? And that maybe you'll still have things to teach your kids long after they've had kids of their own?
Damn! Those are some good lookin' pies! Where does your mom buy her cherries for the cherry pie? I can't seem to find decent ones for pastry anywhere!
Okay, here's one reason I'll never make a pie as good as my mom's — she CANS HER OWN cherries. I KNOW. In the summer she gets a whole bunch from the farmer's market and then she cans them in some sort of sugar solution for pie making.
In the fall you can sometimes buy a big pail of pie cherries that are President's Choice brand. She used them once or twice when she needed to make a large number of pies for something. I'm pretty sure they aren't available all year round, though.
Oh, the hours I have spent sitting at the kitchen table with a cherry pitter, then working over a hot pot of boiling water as the cans sealed. Sheesh!
I've never made a cherry pie from fresh cherries before but I'm determined to make one this summer. Maybe I'll blog it!
Worry not, Skywalker. Make the perfect pie you will someday.
You are making me want to make a pie!
ohhh those pies look good. You still haven't taken me up on that "invite me over to taste test!" idea I had. What are you waiting for!
BTW, left you an award on my blog!!
Great looking pies! Glad you picked up some tips. I'm horrible at pastry myself. I usually just use a mix….. gasp! I should probably get my Mom out here to give me a tutorial as well.