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Home » Commentary » Success of Postwar Freedmen A Worthy Study for Historians
Success of Postwar Freedmen A Worthy Study for Historians
Too often in histories, the achievements of African-Americans are overlooked, and their success stories are untold or understated.
To be sure, African-American history is filled with accounts of discrimination, and African-Americans endured numerous legal restrictions during and after slavery. Even free blacks during the colonial and antebellum era, in the North and in the South, were considered second-class citizens. When those experiences are omitted, a far too rosy picture is painted and the past is misrepresented.
But there's another deficiency in many recent histories that ignore how more than a few African-Americans found a way to prosper even during difficult times. African-Americans often were agents of change, even within a repressive environment.
Those stories often are unheard, and those particular lessons from the past are unstudied. Two good historical questions to ask, then, are how black entrepreneurs and property holders found niches of liberty within an oppressive system, and what we can learn from their experiences.
Historians have called the Jim Crow era (1890-1950) the nadir of American race relations. It was an age predominantly of de jure segregation in the South and de facto segregation in the North. Even so, some African-Americans accumulated significant wealth and owned sizable estates. One 1990 history, Black Property Owners in the South, 1870-1915, compiles the records of 241 prosperous black property holders — those with total estate wealth exceeding $20,000.
In today's terms, those 20,000 1870 dollars would be worth about $340,000. A $20,000 estate in 1910 would equal to $462,000 today.
Among the 241 prosperous blacks in the study, 66 accumulated more than $100,000 in wealth. In 1870, a $100,000 estate would be $1,702,786 in today's terms after considering inflation. A 1910 estate worth $100,000 would be valued in today's terms at $2,310,263.
There were others who earned less yet still serve as examples of entrepreneurial drive and success. Their stories are worth telling.
One was Willis Hinton of High Point. Hinton was born in 1840 and had been a slave for 25 years before becoming a free man. A farm hand, Hinton moved to High Point in 1868 to lay track for the North Carolina Railroad. Hinton embarked on an entrepreneurial career in 1883 and opened a cafe. Five years later, he sold the cafe to open the Hinton Hotel, an 11-room establishment that he owned and operated until he died in 1924.
Ashley W. Smith (1850?-1928) of Smithfield is another example. Like Willis Hinton, Smith was illiterate, but he embodied the values of thrift and hard work and evinced an entrepreneurial spirit. After the Civil War, Smith worked hard, saved his money, and eventually purchased his town lot. He later bought a small farm outside of Smithfield. By 1885, 20 years after the Civil War, he owned 36 acres and three town lots. He had office buildings constructed on these lots during the late 1880s and early 1890s.
For his "pluck, energy, perseverance,and close application to business," he was respected in the community and served on the Board of Town Commissioners in the 1890s.
Smith's life provides an example of what a freed black could accomplish in a small town during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Despite these difficulties, entrepreneurs like Hinton and Smith overcame a disadvantaged past and exhibited ambition combined with thrift and a sound work ethic. They ran respected businesses when African-Americans struggled for respect and participated in a free market in which each held his own.
One wonders how much wealth and how many jobs these former slaves-turned-entrepreneurs might have created had they been able to participate fully in a free economy.


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NASDAQ:SMTC - Semtech Stock Price, Forecast & News
Adding Semtech Co.
Semtech Corporation designs, develops, manufactures, and markets analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products and advanced algorithms. The company provides signal integrity products, including a portfolio of optical data communications and video transport products used in various enterprise computing, industrial, and communications applications; a portfolio of integrated circuits for data centers, enterprise networks, passive optical networks, wireless base station optical transceivers, and high-speed interface applications; and video products for broadcast applications, as well as video-over-IP technology for professional audio video applications. Read More…
Industry Semiconductors & related devices
Sub-IndustrySemiconductors
SectorComputer and Technology
Current SymbolNASDAQ:SMTC
CIK88941
Webhttp://www.semtech.com/
P/E Growth4.72
Net Margins8.71%
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NASDAQ:SMTC Rates by TradingView
Semtech (NASDAQ:SMTC) Frequently Asked Questions
What is Semtech's stock symbol?
Semtech trades on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "SMTC."
How were Semtech's earnings last quarter?
Semtech Co. (NASDAQ:SMTC) issued its quarterly earnings data on Wednesday, December, 4th. The semiconductor company reported $0.41 EPS for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $0.40 by $0.01. The semiconductor company earned $141 million during the quarter, compared to analysts' expectations of $140.15 million. Semtech had a net margin of 8.71% and a return on equity of 10.64%. Semtech's revenue for the quarter was down 18.8% on a year-over-year basis. During the same quarter in the previous year, the company earned $0.63 earnings per share. View Semtech's Earnings History.
When is Semtech's next earnings date?
Semtech is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Wednesday, March 11th 2020. View Earnings Estimates for Semtech.
What guidance has Semtech issued on next quarter's earnings?
Semtech updated its fourth quarter earnings guidance on Wednesday, December, 4th. The company provided earnings per share (EPS) guidance of $0.33-0.39 for the period, compared to the Thomson Reuters consensus EPS estimate of $0.39. The company issued revenue guidance of $130-140 million, compared to the consensus revenue estimate of $138.04 million.
What price target have analysts set for SMTC?
11 Wall Street analysts have issued 1 year price targets for Semtech's stock. Their forecasts range from $6.00 to $60.00. On average, they expect Semtech's share price to reach $48.09 in the next year. This suggests that the stock has a possible downside of 11.6%. View Analyst Price Targets for Semtech.
What is the consensus analysts' recommendation for Semtech?
11 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for Semtech in the last year. There are currently 3 hold ratings and 8 buy ratings for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Buy." View Analyst Ratings for Semtech.
Has Semtech been receiving favorable news coverage?
Media coverage about SMTC stock has been trending somewhat negative on Wednesday, according to InfoTrie Sentiment Analysis. The research group identifies positive and negative media coverage by reviewing more than six thousand news and blog sources in real-time. The firm ranks coverage of public companies on a scale of negative five to five, with scores closest to five being the most favorable. Semtech earned a media sentiment score of -1.5 on InfoTrie's scale. They also assigned headlines about the semiconductor company a news buzz of 0.0 out of 10, indicating that recent media coverage is extremely unlikely to have an effect on the stock's share price in the near term. View News Stories for Semtech.
Are investors shorting Semtech?
Semtech saw a increase in short interest during the month of December. As of December 13th, there was short interest totalling 1,400,000 shares, an increase of 12.0% from the November 28th total of 1,250,000 shares. Based on an average daily volume of 403,900 shares, the days-to-cover ratio is presently 3.5 days. Currently, 2.1% of the shares of the stock are sold short. View Semtech's Current Options Chain.
Who are some of Semtech's key competitors?
Some companies that are related to Semtech include Intel (INTC), NVIDIA (NVDA), Texas Instruments (TXN), Broadcom (AVGO), Micron Technology (MU), Analog Devices (ADI), Microchip Technology (MCHP), Xilinx (XLNX), Skyworks Solutions (SWKS), Marvell Technology Group (MRVL), Maxim Integrated Products (MXIM), Cypress Semiconductor (CY), Monolithic Power Systems (MPWR), First Solar (FSLR) and Cree (CREE).
What other stocks do shareholders of Semtech own?
Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Semtech investors own include Endologix (ELGX), Apache (APA), Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG), Aegean Marine Petroleum Network (ANW), Bank Of The Ozarks (OZRK), AutoZone (AZO), Vicor (VICR), Accenture (ACN), Belden (BDC) and Charles Schwab (SCHW).
Who are Semtech's key executives?
Semtech's management team includes the folowing people:
Mr. Mohan R. Maheswaran, Pres, CEO & Director (Age 55)
Mr. Emeka N. Chukwu, Exec. VP & CFO (Age 56)
Mr. Asaf Silberstein, Exec. VP of Worldwide Operations & Information Technology (Age 49)
Mr. James J. Kim, Exec. VP of Worldwide Sales (Age 62)
Mr. Gary M. Beauchamp, Exec. VP & GM of Signal Integrity Product Group (Age 59)
Who are Semtech's major shareholders?
Semtech's stock is owned by many different of institutional and retail investors. Top institutional shareholders include Scout Investments Inc. (0.32%), Genesee Capital Advisors LLC (0.05%), State of Alaska Department of Revenue (0.02%) and Cerebellum GP LLC (0.02%). Company insiders that own Semtech stock include Alisair Fulton, Asaf Silberstein, Carmelo J Santoro, Charles B Ammann, Christopher H Chang, Emeka Chukwu, Gary Beauchamp, Glen M Antle, James Jungsup Kim, James P Burra, James T Lindstrom, John Michael Wilson, Marc Pegulu, Mark C Costello, Mohan Maheswaran, Rockell N Hankin, Sharon K Faltemier, Simon A Brown, Sylvia Summers and Ye Jane Li. View Institutional Ownership Trends for Semtech.
Which institutional investors are selling Semtech stock?
SMTC stock was sold by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Scout Investments Inc. and State of Alaska Department of Revenue. Company insiders that have sold Semtech company stock in the last year include Alisair Fulton, Asaf Silberstein, Carmelo J Santoro, Charles B Ammann, Christopher H Chang, Emeka Chukwu, Gary Beauchamp, James Jungsup Kim, James P Burra, James T Lindstrom, John Michael Wilson, Mark C Costello, Mohan Maheswaran, Rockell N Hankin, Sharon K Faltemier, Sylvia Summers and Ye Jane Li. View Insider Buying and Selling for Semtech.
Which institutional investors are buying Semtech stock?
SMTC stock was purchased by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Genesee Capital Advisors LLC and Cerebellum GP LLC. View Insider Buying and Selling for Semtech.
How do I buy shares of Semtech?
Shares of SMTC can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Robinhood, Fidelity and Charles Schwab.
What is Semtech's stock price today?
One share of SMTC stock can currently be purchased for approximately $54.40.
How big of a company is Semtech?
Semtech has a market capitalization of $3.60 billion and generates $627.20 million in revenue each year. The semiconductor company earns $63.06 million in net income (profit) each year or $1.33 on an earnings per share basis. Semtech employs 1,335 workers across the globe.View Additional Information About Semtech.
What is Semtech's official website?
The official website for Semtech is http://www.semtech.com/.
How can I contact Semtech?
Semtech's mailing address is 200 FLYNN ROAD, CAMARILLO CA, 93012. The semiconductor company can be reached via phone at 805-498-2111 or via email at [email protected]
MarketBeat Community Rating for Semtech (NASDAQ SMTC)
MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Semtech and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe SMTC will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe SMTC will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days.
Featured Article: How to calculate compound interest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to run multiple instances of a bash script in parallel/background, taking parameters from a file? I have a bash script that parses log files - aggregating data in an AWK array - that takes part of the file path as a parameter. It runs fine, I can run multiple instances in the background manually. The trouble is I can't figure out how to avoid invoking the script manually for each parameter in my list.
Depending on where I've put the & it either runs the instances serially or tries to run all the jobs at once (I don't want to see a load average of 9999 again).
script.sh param1 &

script.sh param2 & ... #works fine

script.sh < params.txt & ... #runs serially

Placing & at various places within the script had some undesirable outcomes.
hub=$1
while read date; do
    zgrep ^1 /logarchive/http/${hub}pr*/$date*.gz|\
    awk -F'[ ,]' '{print$34,$(NF-6),$6,$(NF-7)}'|\
    awk 'NR>1{bytesDown[$1 " " $2] += $3; bytesUp[$1 " " $2] += $4} END {for (i in bytesDown) print i, bytesDown[i], bytesUp[i]}'\
    > ${hub}.$date.txt
done < dates.txt

I'd like to run an instance in the background for each parameter in a file.

A: Use export -f to export a function, and then you can call it in parallel from shells started by xargs -P; in the example below, numjobs indicates how many dates you want to run concurrently.
myfunc() {
    date=$1
    zgrep ^1 "/logarchive/http/${hub}pr*/$date"*.gz | \
    awk -F'[ ,]' '{print$34,$(NF-6),$6,$(NF-7)}'    | \
    awk '
      NR>1{
        bytesDown[$1 " " $2] += $3
        bytesUp[$1 " " $2] += $4
      }
      END {
        for (i in bytesDown) print i, bytesDown[i], bytesUp[i]
      }
    ' >"${hub}.$date.txt"
}
export -f myfunc
numjobs=8

xargs -P "$numjobs" -n 1 bash -c 'myfunc "$@"' _

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: jquery filter image src issues if the image contains NO src then i want to hide the div.PageHeaderDescription

Bistro 300

    This is some text

To do this i used:
if ($("div.PageHeaderDescription img").filter("[src='']")) {
    $("div.PageHeaderDescription").hide();
}

however if you put a src path into the image the jquery still hides div.PageHeaderDescription which is wrong. It needs to be visable if there is an image src.
Here is my example: http://jsfiddle.net/dfasd/1/

A: $("div.PageHeaderDescription img[src='']").parent().hide();

Find img with empty src and hide its parent div.PageHeaderDescription;
DEMO
OR
$("div.PageHeaderDescription").has("img[src='']").hide();

Hide this div.PageHeaderDescription which has img with empty src.
DEMO

A: filter() returns a jQuery object, which is always truthy, whether or not elements were matched.
What you should be doing instead is checking the lengthproperty of the object returned;
if ($("div.PageHeaderDescription img").filter("[src='']").length) {
    $("div.PageHeaderDescription").hide();
}

Although you could shorten this to;
if ($("div.PageHeaderDescription img[src='']").length) {
    $("div.PageHeaderDescription").hide();
}

But if you have multiple div.PageHeaderDescription on the page, you should be doing;
$("div.PageHeaderDescription").each(function () {
    var self = $(this);

    if (self.find('img[src=""]').length) {
        self.hide();
    }
});

A: If you want to do that when page loads, you can use this code:
$("div.PageHeaderDescription img")     // search for all img's inside a div...
   .filter("[src='']")                 // get only ones with no src
   .parents("div.PageHeaderDescription")   // get their parent elements
   .hide(); // hide then

Or you can run the same script every time you want to check if any img with no src is in page and must be hidden.

A: No need to make it more complicated than it needs to be with a .filter().
var phd = $("div.PageHeaderDescription");
if ($('img:not([src])',phd).length || $('img[src=""]',phd).length) {
    phd.hide();
}

I check to see if the img doesn't have the src attribute or if it does have the attribute I check if it is blank.
Fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/iambriansreed/G6bPu/

A: As already said, a jQuery object always evaluates to true. But you don't need an if statement at all, simply reduce the set of elements to those that have an "empty" image. That's what .filter() is there for:
$("div.PageHeaderDescription").filter(function() {
    return $(this).find("img[src='']").length > 0;
}).hide();


text:
Another £200m for top digital trusts
By Ben Heather2018-09-06T06:50:00+01:00
£200m for new round of digital exemplars
Matt Hancock will call out "crashing" NHS IT systems
Five pilot sites for NHS app
A further round of £200m will be distributed to some of the most advanced digital trusts in the country, the health and social care secretary will announce today.
Speaking at the Health and Care Innovation Expo in Manchester today, Matt Hancock will announce a further round of trusts that will join the 25 already part of the flagship "global digital exemplar" programme.
These trusts will share the £200m, which they will be expected to match locally through to 2020-21. The intention is that they provide models for other, less advanced, trusts to follow.
It is not clear how many trusts will be picked in this latest round, but they will include hospital, mental health, community and ambulance trusts.
It is the second major tranche of digital investment to be approved by the Treasury since Mr Hancock started in July. In his maiden speech, he announced a £412m digital fund for sustainability and transformation partnerships.
Neither fund is new money and they form part of the £1.3bn of additional tech funding through to 2020-21 secured by Mr Hancock's predecessor, Jeremy Hunt, in early 2016.
In his speech, Mr Hancock will also highlight the disconnect between different IT systems across the NHS and poor reliability.
He is due to say: "Our hospitals operate dozens of systems each that don't talk to each other. GPs, social care, pharmacies and community care are on different systems. Systems crashing is a regular occurrence. The social care system is not at all integrated, when its integration is vital.
"The NHS infrastructure is stronger and moving in the right direction. Local pockets of brilliance shine out. The generic technology available outside the NHS is a million times better.
"Now is the moment to put the failures of the past behind us, and set our sights on the NHS being the most cutting edge system in the world for the use of technology."
Mr Hancock will also announce that a further five pilots of the national NHS app for patients will get underway by the end of month, ahead of a national roll out in December.
It is the second round of pilots for NHS apps, with Babylon Healthcare and eConsult involved in pilots in London late last year.
The new pilots are in Liverpool, Hastings, Bristol, Staffordshire and South Worcestershire. The app will allow patients to book GP appointments, share data preferences and access NHS 111. In total, the pilots will cover 239,000 people.
It will not include electronic consultation, one of the main features promoted by Mr Hunt at the Expo last year.
Information management/IT
Sustainability and transformation plans (STPs)
Rushed IT framework 'favours incumbent suppliers'
NHS England has been accused of favouring big tech suppliers in its flagship digital provider programme, after companies seeking inclusion were given less than a week to submit comments.
Build social prescribing into the architecture of the health system
Naomi Phillips on how social prescribing can reap benefits in the field of personalised care
More Technology and innovation
Quango spends £11m shedding hundreds of staff
The government agency charged with delivering NHS digital transformation spent £11m last year shedding more than 400 staff.
Sir Bruce Keogh joins messaging app company
Former NHS England medical director Sir Bruce Keogh has been hired to advise the health tech company trying to sell an alternative to WhatsApp to the NHS.


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After completing your online training, print your certificate and bring it to the office with your completed Disclosure and Information Form.
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Safe Environment Program Manual for the Diocese of Salt Lake City in PDF format.


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New York John F. Kennedy
Flights from Glasgow to New York John F. Kennedy
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There are 4 airports in New York: New York John F. Kennedy, New York Newark, New York LaGuardia, and Stewart International.
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The best price found on Skyscanner for a flight from Glasgow to New York John F. Kennedy is €335. This was found by aggregating across different carriers and is the cheapest price for the whole month.
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text:
Our Favorite Gadgets From 2019, Plus Our 2020 Predictions
The Gadget Lab crew highlights the stories, the products, and the trends that defined 2019. Plus, we look at what's coming next.
Video: WIRED
2019 was a tumultuous time for technology. While product engineers created hybrid Frankengadgets and software companies turned nearly everything into a subscription service, we also grappled with the increasingly chaotic ripple effects of social media and the realization that there are people listening to our private home recordings. (Not to mention Elon Musk's new Murdertruck.)
On this episode of Gadget Lab, we're going to try to make sense of it all. We talk about the most important product developments of 2019 and look ahead to predict the trends that will matter in 2020.
Read Lauren's review of the Sonos Ikea Symfonisk Speakers here. Read the story about the making of the California Consumer Privacy Act in The New York Times. Read more about this year's wild phone design choices here.
Lauren recommends the iPad Pro. Mike recommends the Google Pixel 3a. Arielle recommends getting an Amazon Kindle.
Lauren Goode can be found on Twitter @LaurenGoode. Arielle Pardes is @pardesoteric. Michael Calore is @snackfight. Bling the main hotline at @GadgetLab. The show is produced by Boone Ashworth (@booneashworth). Our consulting executive producer is Alex Kapelman (@alexkapelman). Our theme music is by Solar Keys.
You can always listen to this week's podcast through the audio player on this page, but if you want to subscribe for free to get every episode, here's how:
If you're on an iPhone or iPad, open the app called Podcasts, or just tap this link. You can also download an app like Overcast or Pocket Casts, and search for Gadget Lab. If you use Android, you can find us in the Google Play Music app just by tapping here. We're on Spotify too. You can also download an app like Pocket Casts or Google Podcasts, and search for Gadget Lab. And in case you really need it, here's the RSS feed.
Lauren Goode: Welcome to Gadget Lab. I'm Lauren Goode and today it's our end of year episode. Later in the show, we're going to look ahead and make some predictions about what's going to happen in consumer tech next year and beyond. But first, we'll go around the room and we'll talk about the most interesting stories in gadgets, gear, in consumer tech from 2019. I'm going to ask everyone to share the product or trend they think impacted our lives and your lives the most this year. Let's kick it off with Mike. Mike, what do you think?
Michael Calore: Well, I thought long and hard about nominating a product. I think my bed was at the top of the list, and my bicycle was not far below it, but I've decided instead to highlight a trend: the Swiss Army gadget. These things have been around for a couple of years now. It is the lamp that's also a speaker, or the wireless charger that also has a digital photo frame attached to it.
These are things where a company is basically looking around your house at all the things that are plugged in and trying to find two or three things they can combine into one item. You only have to plug one thing in. This is more than just putting a chip in something that has never had a chip in it before. It's more than just adding a camera and a microphone and putting Alexa inside of it. Although I will say that the rise of Alexa and specifically Amazon's release of the Alexa software developer's kit two years ago has led to this becoming a much bigger trend in the consumer product space. But this year was the year that we really saw the breakout of the Swiss Army gadget. We actually started tracking this at CES last year. Our colleague Brian Barrett wrote a lovely story about the rise of the Swiss Army gadget that you should all go read right now.
So some things that we saw this year that I really liked, there was the Simplehuman Sensor Mirror Hi Fi, which is a bathroom mirror. So it's like a makeup mirror that has a light around it that also has an Alexa speaker in it so you can like ask it to play NPR while you're doing your makeup in the morning. There is the Barisieur, which was a pour-over coffeemaker with a digital alarm clock in it, which is totally weird and delightful.
Probably the pinnacle of this trend is the Ikea Symfonisk. Lauren, you reviewed this for WIRED. It's a $180 Ikea lamp that also has a Sonos speaker in it, so I think it's the pinnacle because it just looks like a lamp, but it's also a Sonos speaker. Those are two things that everybody wants in their house. They're not things that you're trying to think may work in your house. These are things that you absolutely want in your house.
Arielle Pardes: But it's so ugly.
MC: It's not beautiful. It's not perfect. It's also like-
AP: I don't want that in my house.
MC: It's also not the best lamp and not the best Sonos speaker, but it is two big giants bringing their strengths to the table to create something new and unique that actually has utility for people. That's the thing that I'm excited about in this space and that's the thing that I think we can look forward to growing next year.
LG: It's a really interesting trend and one of the things that I did note in my review as well is that it caters to a certain consumer tech buyer or audience that perhaps is living in smaller spaces. You tend to think of younger people who are still living in apartments or just that our home space tends to be smaller in general in some places, in cities, in metropolitan areas. And so, like you think about the ways that these gadgets can do double duty in ways that you don't have to fit an entire speaker system and lamps and alarm clocks and whatever else there is.
But while these may make things more convenient in some ways, I do wonder, this is the cynical part of my brain, if it's also much more convenient for companies to then siphon our data away into, I don't know, somewhere where they're using our data in ways we don't really know about or fully understand because you're no longer just buying the lamp, you're buying the lamp with the smart speaker, with the voice assistant that you're talking to, and then those supposedly anonymous aggregate voice bits are being sent back to somebody's server somewhere.
MC: Why did you have to cast this dark cloud on my sunny optimism?
LG: I'm just saying, just saying. And that's actually a great transition to Arielle. Arielle, what do you think was the biggest trend in 2019?
AP: It's got to be privacy. This is something that we hear about every single year. The word privacy is nothing new in our space, but I think this year things really heated up and the telling example is definitely smart speakers. So smart speakers sales are way up this year. I just checked a report that said they had risen 35 percent in 2019. There are millions of smart speakers around the world. They're like in your grandma's house now and at the same time, as people are really excited about smart speakers and voice assistance have gotten so good and now everything's a speaker and it's so convenient, people are freaking out about the privacy implications.
And we saw this, this year with both Google and Apple catching a lot of flak for the ways that their voice recordings are being processed on the backend. So people for the first time got to peek behind the curtain and say, "The things that my Alexa speaker or my Google assistant or HomePod is recording are actually being processed by people," which means someone's listening to you in your house.
I think that sentiment has really shifted this year. Obviously, privacy concerns are nothing new, but this was the first time I can really remember hearing people at cocktail parties saying like, "I'm scared of what the tech companies are doing with my data of whether or not they're watching me, of whether or not they're listening to me" and people are interested, I think, now and pushing back.
LG: Do you get the sense that there's going to be any real action taken in 2020 or beyond that addresses some of the concerns that we've seen emerge over the past couple of years, whether that's concerns around social media sites and how Facebook is using our data or whether it's how giant tech companies are using human contractors to listen to our audio bits and train their AIs on them?
AP: Yeah, I do. So I think public sentiment is really powerful or at least recently has become so. Because of public sentiment now Google and Apple have both changed their practices for how people review these voice bits when they're collected on the backend. So that's already one example of something that the public has influenced in tech. But there's also this big push around regulation and there's something really exciting happening January 1, which is that this new piece of legislation called the California Consumer Privacy Act will go into effect.
This is a piece of legislation that was drafted by a bunch of unlikely activists in California who were wary of what these tech companies were doing to their data. They took inspiration from GDPR, which is this sweeping regulation across Europe that basically set standards for how tech companies can use people's data, what they can store, when they have to delete it, stuff like that. And yeah, these Californians got this piece of legislation passed.
It's going into effect in January. And I actually think that we'll have some widespread effects, not just because California is such a big economy with such a big population, but because all of these companies are headquartered here, and if there's now regulation that says, "Hey, if somebody asks you to delete their data, you actually have to do that." Then that changes how some of these companies operate.
LG: So that means going forward, if you're listening to this podcast and you want to send in a request that we delete all of your data, we'll have to do it.
OK, so one of the biggest trends for me this year was the emphasis on services. Very unsexy word. What are services? OK, it's software but it's also subscription software. So, for example, Apple is known for its very expensive hardware, its phones and whatnot, but the company also makes its own software and more and more. It's been pushing people to pay for software on a subscription basis.
At least that's been my experience both on Mac and iPhone and whether that's news or Apple's TV streaming services, they want you to start paying for everything now on a monthly basis and it's not just Apple, it's also Google. I also pay for Google's cloud services. I finally hit my limits this year on Gmail. I had to start paying more per month. I was really irritated. Boone and I wrote a guide about how to clear out your Gmail so you don't encounter this. Then there are streaming video services that we all subscribe to, Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, HBO Now.
Then there are direct to consumer companies, whether they're selling dental floss or shaving cream or whatever it is, who all wants you subscribing on a month to month basis. So this isn't exactly new. The whole idea of companies wanting recurring revenue from you as a customer, not a new idea, but it feels like in 2019 we hit something of a subscription peak.
I like to say it feels like we're frogs boiling in subscription water and it's a good idea once in a while to take a look through your bank statement or just look at all the products you are using and figure out what you no longer need and you no longer need in a subscription basis. What services are no longer serving you and it's something I plan to keep a closer eye on in 2020.
AP: Is there anything you canceled recently?
LG: I canceled a lot of stuff recently. I was doing Rent the Runway on a monthly basis. I ended up canceling that. Let's see. I unsubscribed to a few Patreon accounts I was no longer using. I unsubscribed to Adobe services that I was no longer using. Yeah, I've really been going through a lot lately and trying to pay attention to things. I did end up canceling Hulu, but then Spotify was offering a media bundle with Hulu, so I ended up resubscribing to that …
AP: Off.
LG: …and that's happening a lot too now as well. You're seeing the bundles.
You get cell phone service and then you get one of the streaming services. You buy an iPhone and you get access to Apple TV+ free for a year. All of this stuff and we're going to see more of this, I think, in 2020 so it's a good idea to pay close attention to services and what you're actually paying for.
All right, let's take a quick break and then we're going to talk about the future.
LG: Welcome back to the future. See what I did there? OK. 2019 was supposed to be all flying cars and 3D printed VR headsets and blockchain. But sometimes what tech companies say don't actually work out that way or things take a little bit longer than expected. So we at the Gadget Lab are going to make some predictions around the biggest developments we're going to see in 2020 and beyond. Arielle, you want to go first?
AP: Sure. So my prediction is called "look ma, no hands" and it's around how in 2020, we will stop touching our technology. So what do I mean by that? People are already really into voice controls. It's very common to shout into the void to play a song or unlock your smartlock or whatever. But I think 2020 is going to be the year that gesture controls really take off. And we've already started to see some of this with devices like the Pixel 4 that came out a couple months ago.
This has some really advanced gesture controls on it. You can do things like pinch to zoom or swipe to change a song without ever touching your phone. And I'm actually really bullish on this. I've gotten some flak about this on Twitter from people saying this is stupid. No one wants to be waving at their phone. Why don't you just touch it? But I actually think this is going to take off a lot. And not only that, but I think that we're barreling into a future where people are going to start developing genuine neural interfaces that allow us to control our devices with just our thoughts.
It sounds crazy, but it's coming. You heard it here first.
LG: Can you give some examples of that and how is that going to work?
AP: Yeah, I mean I think that's the million-dollar question, but there-
MC: Billion-dollar question.
AP: There are a handful of startups out there that are developing various types of neural interfaces that are noninvasive. So these are things that are either worn on your head or they're worn on your wrist and they pick up on brain signals or motor action potentials, which are a signal that comes through your arm basically. And this is basically data that can be translated into a control. So there are companies that are building this for gaming, companies that are building this as an alternative for a mouse or a keyboard.
I don't know that that's going to pan out in 2020 but I think this move toward gesture control and toward touchless control of our machines is definitely on the horizon.
LG: I hate to be cynical again, but I also wonder what that looks like in the early days in the world of false positives. I mean right now it's not that big of a deal if Siri accidentally hears a command—you say the word "seriously" and Siri starts responding and it's something awkward and goofy and you're like, "Oh, Siri misheard me." But like what does it mean when our brains are actually sending signals and they are interpreted or misinterpreted as something, some type of action that then happens in the real physical world.
MC: It'll be lulz. It will be definitely be lulz.
AP: I mean, you know the thing where you ask Siri to send a text message and Siri just totally bungles what you're trying to say, like that is definitely going to happen with gesture controls and it's going to be amazing.
LG: Yeah. Or brain computing interfaces. OK. Mike, what's yours?
MC: My prediction for 2020 is the death of the notch.
LG: Finally.
AP: Alright.
MC: You all know and love the notch. It's been around for a little more than two years. It showed up on the original Essential phone in 2017 and then in the iPhone X or the iPhone 10, as nerds call it, in 2017 and the notch is, you know there's stuff there that we need. There are things like the cameras that run the face unlock software. There's the selfie camera. There's a radar in there on some phones, but the notch has been getting smaller and smaller and now we're starting to see phone designs that are leaking out. We're starting to see patents. We're starting to see actual devices that get rid of the notch.
MC: So the solutions right now are a little bit inelegant. There are pop-up selfie cameras that pop up out of the top of the phone. There's also one phone that has come out recently. The Oppo Find X, which actually hides the camera behind the screen. Samsung has a patent that hides the camera behind the screen, so I think that it's coming. I think that the future is going to be a phone that has all that stuff. It has face unlock. It has a selfie camera, but when you look at the front of the phone, all you see is the screen. You're not going to see anything else. You're not going to see a notch.
MC: Personally, I don't mind the notch. Like the first time I got a phone, within a couple of days, I never saw the notch. It just disappeared. But I think we're actually going to see it disappear. I think the 2020 iPhone will probably have a notch but the 2021 iPhone definitely will not have a notch. And if you believe the rumors, it probably will also not have any ports.
LG: OK. But will it be folding?
MC: I certainly hope not.
LG: How do you think that this trend of disappearing design plays into what you said earlier about 2019 gadgets doing double duty? I mean, are things just going to start to disappear in our homes too, not just in the phones in our pockets?
MC: Yes and not only that, but we will control it all with our mind.
LG: Of course. And then of course our data will go somewhere that we don't understand and there will be a completely opaque privacy controls and then there will be some regulation that's passed as a result of disappearing design and data siphoning.
LG: OK, great. Well that's really great. My prediction for 2020 is that this is the year we seriously consider the role of public social media and that's probably not just for the next year, but maybe for the next few years. So there've been a lot of questions about social media's impact on our lives. Four or five years ago, researchers were doing some work into whether or not social media was making us depressed. And then over the past two years, ever since Facebook's mistakes around Cambridge Analytica came to light, there have been more questions about data of course and where that data is going and how it's being used. But I think next year is going to be the year that we start to question social media's role in our lives as a public or semi-public presence.
I think that people who build their businesses or their brands or they run a small business, maybe, influencers and that sort of thing will continue to use Facebook and Instagram and YouTube in the way that they have to to generate revenue and that is in a very public way. But I think for normal people, it's going to become a lot more about disparate, separate, private groups. We're starting to see that happen. We've heard Facebook talk about this in earnings calls saying that in some ways Mark Zuckerberg himself believes that the future of social media could be a more private experience, a more private social network.
We've seen the rise of messaging apps, WhatsApp, WeChat, in the past decade that create a private or a semi-private experience for people to connect. And then even just last week, Jack Dorsey, who runs Twitter, announced that Twitter has created a team of five people to explore a more decentralized Twitter experience, which makes me wonder what kind of apps are going to pop up around Twitter that offers something like Twitter, but it's not the main Twitter timeline or feed, which is a very public thing.
So yeah, I think 2020 is going to be a year where we reconsider social media as a thing that we use to put some public blast out there and instead define the whole idea of social as something that's more tightly connected within our own personal groups or spheres.
MC: More intimate, if you will.
AP: As Mark Zuckerberg would put it, it's a return to the living room and away from the public square.
LG: Sure. Alright. We're going to take a break and then we're going to come back for recommendations.
LG: Welcome back. We're doing recommendations a little differently today. Instead of telling you all what we're into this week, we're going to give you our number one buying recommendation for this whole year. Mike, you want to kick it off?
MC: Sure. I would like to recommend the thing that I have recommended to my own friends and family more often than any other device this year, and it is the Google Pixel 3a. This is Google's $400 smartphone. It's the device that made cheap phones cool again, and I think it's super important and the reason I keep recommending it is because phones are so damn expensive now. Like, for example, the Google Pixel 4, the big brother to the 3a, is $700, the iPhone 11 is $700, the iPhone 11 Pro is $1,000, the Samsung Galaxy S10 is $900. The cheap, big, good flagship phone is the OnePlus 7 Pro, which is around $620 to $650 depending on how the tariffs are shaking out that week.
Basically, the Pixel 3a is a plastic phone. It has a different screen. It's not an OLED, but it proves something very, very important. Having a phone that doesn't have all that stuff in it and is made of plastic is totally fine. You don't need a phone that has all of the latest, fastest, shiniest components in it. You can just have a phone that works and has great software on it and still have a tremendous experience and that experience is close to 90 percent of the experience that you get from something that costs literally twice as much money. So bargain of the century, bargain of the year. That's my pick.
LG: I like it. Arielle, what's yours?
AP: I would like to recommend something that is also plastic and is also something I recommend to friends and family all the time, which is a Kindle. Get a Kindle. This is the device that will last you for years. You never have to charge it and it will enhance your life so, so much. People don't think that they like reading on a tablet before they get a Kindle. Like I've talked to a lot of people who say like, "Oh, I prefer reading real books." And the thing is you can still read real books but you'll read so much more when you get a Kindle.
The key to reading more books on your Kindle is to get a library card and then download digital library books onto your Kindle. It's so convenient. I've read so many books this year. The other great thing about the Kindle is that it only does one thing. You can only use it to read books. You can't surf the internet. You can't check your text messages. You can't take a picture. You can just read and there's something so valuable in a world where every gadget does multiple things as Mike said earlier in the show. Where your phone is just this minefield of distractions, stuff you don't actually want to spend your time on but end up spending your time on anyway.
There's something really special about a device that does one thing. It's the thing you want to do. It's something that's good for you and there's no risk of doing anything else ever, ever again.
Mike, Lauren, do you have Kindles?
LG: I have used a Kindle I think when I've written reviews of Kindles but I don't own one currently, but I do like the Kindle and I particularly liked the newer versions that are waterproof because you can take them in the bath or if you're lucky enough to have a hot tub, the hot tub.
AP: Love to read in the hot tub.
LG: Yes. I mean pretty much I would get the Kindle just to take a bath.
MC: I have the Kindle Oasis. I love it. I take it absolutely everywhere. I paid too much money for it, but that's fine because it's awesome and it's my best friend.
AP: I have the Paperwhite, which is the standard, good for everyone, not expensive.
MC: It's like the middle one.
AP: Exactly. And the other thing about these devices is that they're so durable and they're so long lasting, you can buy one and expect to keep it for many, many years. You don't have to charge it often. They hold up really well.
LG: Yeah. It's one of those things that you can just charge and then take on vacation, but you don't have to bring the charger on vacation.
AP: That's right.
LG: Provided you're not going away for 30 days or something like that. It's just one less charger to carry around, which is really nice. OK, so my recommendation is a little bit more expensive than a Kindle and a little bit more expensive than a Pixel 3a but it's an iPad. This was the decade of the iPad. They were launched early 2010. My God, I can't believe it's been that long. But for about 10 years, I have resisted pretty much the whole notion of an iPad being unnecessary gadget. That may be because I don't work in an environment that lends itself well to iPads, feel like we have to have our laptops all the time because we have to just do a lot of writing and media production and that sort of thing.
Also, I know parents really like iPads because they are effectively a proxy for a babysitter sometimes, keeping your kids occupied and all that, but I personally just never really found the value in an iPad. This year though, that changed. I started using the iPad Pro 11-inch sometime. I think it was late spring, early summer, and I started taking it with me everywhere and it's so fast. I mean it's so amazingly fast and powerful and the way that the latest version of the software makes it more of like a desktop-like experience and not a tablet experience and how great it sounds when I'm watching videos on it, how long the battery life is. Even shopping on it if you're using Safari ends up being just really easy. If you have your information set up in Apple Pay, it's crazy how easy it is to buy stuff when you're browsing on it.
So yeah, I just, I don't know. I feel like a convert. I feel like I'm finally pro iPad Pro and it is pricey. That particular model starts at, I think, $650. I still don't use the pencil all that much, although it is occasionally convenient for signing documents digitally and things like that.
MC: You can do that with your finger.
LG: You can do that with your finger too. You don't need that. I'm not an artist so I'm not sketching and things like that, but it really is a pretty remarkable machine. I'm still not at the point where I would necessarily write like a 3,000-word story using it or using the smart keyboard, but I can see a future in which we are using things like iPads more than we're using traditional clamshell laptops.
MC: Hear, hear.
LG: Alright. That is our show for this week and also this year.
MC: Yay.
LG: Yay. Thank you so much for listening. Not only today but being our loyal Gadget Lab fans. We'll be off next week, but the show will be back the first week of January and we've got some really exciting things coming in 2020. Of course, early in 2020, we'll be at CES in Las Vegas, the huge consumer electronic show that we just can't avoid. Lucky for you, but we're going to be really excited to be podcasting from there as well. So stay tuned.
If you have feedback for this episode or just for Gadget Lab in general, you can find all of us on Twitter. Just check the show notes. You can also find us on wired.com. This show is produced by Boone Ashworth. Our consulting executive producer is Alex Kapelman. Arielle, Mike, thank you for joining me and thanks for a wonderful year and we'll talk to all of you in 2020.
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InfoQ Homepage Interviews Filip Hanik Discusses Tomcat and SpringSource's tc Server
Filip Hanik Discusses Tomcat and SpringSource's tc Server
Filip Hanik is a Senior Software Engineer for SpringSource and a key participant in the company's Apache Tomcat initiatives. Hanik is an Apache Software Foundation member and a committer to the Apache Tomcat project where he is a leading authority on Tomcat clustering and a key contributor to the core of the platform.
SpringOne 2GX is an annual event; it includes a technical exploration of the Spring ecosystem along with the latest developments in the Groovy/Grails space. As a participant, you will have the opportunity to attend two great events at one venue. Whether you're a Spring enthusiast, Tomcat user, Groovy/Grails fan, or just interested in open source development, you'll find valuable content in sessions presented here.
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1. My name is Ryan Slobojan and I'm here with Filip Hanik who is a software engineer with SpringSource. Filip, can you tell us a little bit about why Tomcat has become such a popular web app container relative to others in the space?
Tomcat started out as the reference implementation for the Servlet specification and eventually also the JSP specification. It became the container that you validated your application against. If it ran on Tomcat, it ran on all the other containers as well. Tomcat through its history then remained very lightweight. As these containers kept growing, kept adding features, kept essentially growing both in size and resource consumption, Tomcat went the other way.
So Tomcat never used to be the fastest container and never used to be the best container, but the focus was always on stability, simplicity and to keep the container and the core of the container very focused on what it was supposed to do, which is run easily. I think a lot of organizations bought into the idea that you do need the whole kit and caboodle when it comes to J2EE. It turned out that in those organizations, the developers were always using Tomcat because it started up so fast, it was so easy to work with, and they knew that if they developed on Tomcat they could deploy it into a commercial server later.
That is one of the reasons. The other part would be the licensing around it as well. The Apache license is one of the more generous software licenses that essentially doesn't hold you as liable. For an organization, there never has to be question of "Do we allow this license or not within our organization?" The Apache license is one of the first licenses to be approved by legal saying "Yes, that one is absolutely fine".
The popularity with developers was always big and what we are seeing now is that the popularity among operations is growing, in the same pace developers did 5-6 years ago it's growing today with Apache Tomcat. And that is operations teams saying "Well, we're running this in our development environment and sometimes in our test environments; we can cut cost by implementing Tomcat in our production environments as well.
2. How does Tomcat compare with other lightweight containers like Jetty?
Jetty is also a great little servlet container. It's lightweight, it's gained a huge popularity in embedded containers. It does have a little bit of a more flexible API, a simpler API for embedding it. I think the big differentiator with Jetty is not feature sets or performance. I think all these containers are pushing the boundaries of network and CPUs today, that we don't really see big gaps like "my container is 40% faster than your container". Those numbers don't exist. I think they are pretty much similar and they are pushing all the same boundaries.
With Jetty I think the difference is essentially the community around it. Jetty has been developed by a group of developers that essentially have taken control of it - "This is our product, this was our product to begin with." Apache Tomcat has been slightly different. Different in the way that Tomcat developers have gone through generations of developers. Some of the people that were there when it began are no longer there and we've gone through cycles of developers coming in and out of the project and helping out.
So that project has always kept around and I think it's been more of why Tomcat became more popular [than] Jetty was not really a feature result, but more of like we know the Apache software foundation, we know what's behind it, we know how it works, we know it's never going to deviate from it's original goals and policies. It is a very trustable organization, it's safe to go with as a corporate entity that you say "Can I actually get software from this place?"
3. What does Spring's tc Server provide on top of the base Tomcat distribution?
tc Server is not really a new concept. The idea comes from we want to provide Enterprise level support. We want to be able to provide a customer with the SLAs they can count on and also a name brand of a vendor that you can trust in your production environments. I think tc Server has a few feature sets that are definitely preferred over Apache Tomcat. What's interesting is that those features do exist in Apache Tomcat as well.
We talk a lot about how we lay out an installation of tc Server on the file system, that a runtime instance is separated from the binary installation. Well this is a feature of Apache Tomcat, it's just that we realize that feature within our deployment model. For developers, this is great. It means I can create a sample instance, I can zip it up and in 50 K or less I can email you and say "Drop this into your installation and you will have my configurations". I don't have to zip up a large binary installation or move huge files around. tc Server provides us with the ability of giving a customer security fixes, bug fixes, updates, new features in a way that is unique and doesn't exist in any other container.
Imagine the scenario where you are actually running 5 different applications. You've decided you want to run those in 5 different VMs, so that you can keep a separate setup and run those all off the same binary. We no longer will give you a single jar file and say "Replace your old file". The minute we do that, we lose track of what changes you actually have in your production environment. We will always give you a complete Tomcat installation that you drop in, and you can have as many installations as you want. They all run parallel and you tell your runtime instance "Use version 6.0.20" or 6.0.21 or any updates in between.
Now as you can switch over one application, because that's the one you QA'd for this version, that was the one that needed the bug fix, the other applications are not affected. Then, of course, there is the support. The support which we always provided for a very long time now, but essentially having a very shallow support organization - 2 levels. You have a senior support engineers team, and then you have the engineers behind the products themselves. We do this with all of our products as we always back the support with a line of engineers that are very keen on helping the customers; that are also out there every day working with customers. I think this is unique to our organization - we do get a lot of real world experience.
4. How are additional monitoring capabilities added into the tc Server distribution?
That is one of the interesting parts. There are a lot of blogs out there and tweets and all kinds of social networking feeds that talk about what tc Server is and the fact that it's not building off of a binary distribution, and what are the other components such as monitoring fit into the whole scheme of things. One of the things is that we can't build off of a binary distribution because then we can't provide our customers with a security patch in a timely manner. If we have an SLA of 48 hours, the customer will get an update in 48 hours. We can't wait for the Apache Software Foundation to say "We need a vote on this, we need to decide the best way to implement it" and so on.
All our fixes, all our contributions, are going back to the Apache Software Foundation and then it can take whatever time it takes there. The monitoring part comes with a toolset that we've got from Hyperic, which is a monitoring tool. The extensions - what we do to Tomcat is we don't change the core of it. We try to open up Tomcat by adding in new components. Tomcat in itself is very flexible. You can create custom components for almost any area of the container itself and that's exactly what we're doing. You can rip out all those through the configuration file and you have an exact Tomcat installation. What we do is we also make sure that that is an open API.
We try to leverage JMX as much as we can. If you don't want to use Hyperic or if you don't have your custom JMX pollers built on top of, for example, Nagios, or Big Brother, or some other framework, you will be able to get all that monitoring information out of the system as well. It's all about add-on components that can be added or removed, depending on how you want to configure your system.
5. Are the development cycles of Tomcat and tc Server related and how does tc Server influence Tomcat?
The development cycles are definitely not related. What we do though is that we follow Tomcat releases; if there is a Tomcat release, we'll make sure there is an update of tc Server that contains that release of Tomcat. Now we can do that because of the deployment methodology that we talked about before. We can drop in a new release, you choose when you are ready to use it. We never overwrite anything you have.
How do we influence the development of Apache Tomcat? I think it's a two-way street there - we take a lot of the great ideas of Tomcat, obviously Tomcat is a preferred platform. We are trying to keep as much of it as we can, but if we come up with good enhancements that could be usable to a fairly large user base out there, we add those in as contributions to the Apache community itself.
The community there can decide to reject any feature they want, if they don't find it useful, but if we find it useful, if our customers find it useful, there is a good chance that those features will work their way back into the code base. What is more to be said about that is that Apache Tomcat is still being developed under the rules of the Apache Software Foundation. Everything is based on general consensus and I think it's an important distinction that we don't really drive the development of Tomcat. We're part of that development community, and we act as part of that community accordingly.
6. What are the future plans for both Tomcat and tc Server?
The plans for Apache Tomcat are pretty straightforward. The servlet specification, Servlet 3.0, is imminent. We had a talk this morning about the new features in Servlet 3.0, and we did a deep dive into asynchronous request processing. That work is the main goal for Tomcat. That's what is going to become Tomcat 7.0, it is in development right now and that's where most of the activity is around. There has also been a fair amount of work on the embeddability of Tomcat.
What used to be a very clunky, fairly difficult API to work with has now become as mainstream as for example Jetty, where Jetty's biggest winner there was that there was no container that you could embed as easily as the Jetty container. Well Tomcat is getting there, it is a very valuable feature to developers. Of tc Server, it continues to build on the value adds for Tomcat. We do see a large group of customers and users that are requesting, "We want to use Tomcat, for it's a preferred container and we want the support for it, but we also do want a little bit more of a toolset around it".
What I like of what SpringSource is doing, and we'll be able to do even more as VMWare, is we will be able to create much more integration between the different layers We'll be able to go from the SpringSource tool suite, which is the extended Eclipse that we offer with amazing features in there, and take that and apply that to tc Server. Being able to go through QA and production, and now you have management and monitoring added into it, and then extending that into support, and now being able to actually extract diagnostic data and help the customer with issues on a much faster scale than before.
The core component of tc Server will always be Tomcat, so whatever features Tomcat come up with, will be available on tc Server. One of the pitches I like to do for tc Server is that there is a compatibility guarantee there. If your applications run on tc Server, you can go to Apache Tomcat, if you are running on Apache Tomcat, you can go to tc Server, and we will guarantee that that will continue to be that way. We do like the idea of "Here is an Apache license product. If there is a shift in your organizational needs, you are able to make that shift without being tied in".
Filip Hanik
Ryan Slobojan
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Tom Phillips is a freelance RPG designer whose Pathfinder Society Scenario, The Fabric of Reality, was released in 2013. Phillips was a contestant in the 2010, 2011, and 2012 RPG Superstar contests, and a guest judge in 2013. He was the first person to make the Top 32 in three consecutive years (2010–2012).
This page was last modified on 25 July 2017, at 15:00.


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How did the scientific revolution lead to the Enlightenment quizlet?
Was the Enlightenment after the scientific revolution?
Would the Enlightenment have been possible without the scientific revolution?
Why did the church oppose the scientific revolution?
What impact did the scientific revolution have on religion?
Did the church support the scientific revolution?
What role did the church play in the scientific revolution?
What happened in the scientific revolution?
What is the relevance of scientific revolution to the society?
When did the church accept evolution?
Do religious schools teach evolution?
Do any states teach creationism?
Why is evolution taught in schools?
Why is evolution helpful in classifying?
Why is it important to know about evolution?
What are the benefits of evolution?
Why is evolution important to humans?
the scientific method was a step by step process for finding the truth by observing, hypothesize, experiment, and repeat. The scientific revolution led to the enlightenment by applying reason to society, while using the scientific method it challenged beliefs from the church and also the government.
The scientific revolution began in Europe toward the end of the Renaissance period, and continued through the late 18th century, influencing the intellectual social movement known as the Enlightenment.
When we think of the Enlightenment, we tend to think of philosophers first. So finally, to answer your question, it is probable that the Enlightenment would have started nevertheless, but it is unlikely that the ideas of its thinkers would have made such an impact without the Scientific Revolution.
Church officials feared that as people began to believe scientific ideas, then people would start to question the Church, making people doubt key elements of the faith. Church officials feared that scientific ideas would threaten the powerful influence of the Church.
By removing religion from the equation, science became more based in fact and quantitative reasoning. This shift opened science up to so many scientific discoveries about the natural world. Without religion holding it back, scientific knowledge about the natural world knew no bounds.
The Church supported the development of modern science and scientific research by founding Europe's first universities in the Middle Ages.
Most scientists did not want to change their role of Christianity. The Church explained the world through inspiration but science explained it through logical reasoning. Basically the Catholic Church viewed the earth as the center of the universe and that God created the universe to serve people.
It replaced the Greek view of nature that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. The Scientific Revolution was characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.
The Scientific Revolution of the Early Modern Period was a significant era of discovery. New concepts such as heliocentrism and natural philosophy contributed to a society in which science dictated law. A lasting impact is evident within society today.
The religious education syllabus does not involve teaching creationism, but rather teaching the central tenets of major world faiths. At the same time, the teaching of evolution is compulsory in publicly funded schools.
The issue has remained contentious, with various US states debating, passing, or voting down alternative approaches to creationism in science classrooms. There is no bar in US law to creationism being taught in civics, current affairs, philosophy, or comparative religion classes.
Teaching about evolution has another important function. Because some people see evolution as conflicting with widely held beliefs, the teaching of evolution offers educators a superb opportunity to illuminate the nature of science and to differentiate science from other forms of human endeavor and understanding.
Organisms can be classified according to any number of criteria, including overall similarities, colors, ecological functions, etc. However, it is generally agreed that the most useful way for scientists to organize biological diversity is to group organisms according to shared evolutionary history.
Knowing the evolutionary relationships among species allows scientists to choose appropriate organisms for the study of diseases, such as HIV. Scientists are even using the principles of natural selection to identify new drugs for detecting and treating diseases such as cancer.
The greatest advantage of evolutions are: It explains how species are evolved and how the different species are related. Evolution also deals with the different forms of life, including how the changes occur within populations and new life form development.
Evolutionary biology has contributed greatly to human understanding of ourselves by describing our origins, our relationships to other living things, and the history and significance of variation within and among different groups of people.
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text:
This project is a complete rewrite of [PlayAuthenticate usage sample](https://github.com/joscha/play-authenticate):
* Rewritten completely in Scala 2.11.8
* It is a database-driven application i.e. the database design dictates what the generated Scala model is.
* Builds on top of Play 2.5.x, Postgres 9.4 and Slick 3.1.1
* Features "Remember Me" functionality using cookies.
* Features 2-Factor TOTP authentication using the [Google Authenticator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Authenticator) application.
* Features a generic Slick DAO that is self-contained and context-free, it can be reused in other projects `app/dao/generic`.
* Integrates [Web Jars](https://github.com/webjars/webjars-play) for all the relevant dependencies.
* Features reCAPTCHA using the excellent [Play reCAPTCHA Module](https://github.com/chrisnappin/play-recaptcha) implementation.
* Integrates [Play-Bootstrap](http://adrianhurt.github.io/play-bootstrap/) for all form implementations.
* Integrates [Font Awesome icons](http://fontawesome.io/) that is used as part of forms and design details.
* Integrates one free [Anli Zaimi](http://azmind.com/)'s custom Bootstrap theme for the different forms providing a neat consistent L&F that integrates well with the two points above.
* A custom Slick code generator is implemented under `test/generator` and it generates the class `app/generated/Tables.scala`.
* Features very strict separation of application layers and programming to the interface: DAO, Service, Play MVC:
    - completely context-free reusable DAO under `app/dao/generic`.
    - dao extensions e.g. UserDao have no dependencies outside the dao package.
    - Service layer under `app/services` uses the `app/dao` package.
    - A pattern "Pluggable Service" is implemented that enables calling natural members on vanilla
      case class e.g. `app/generated/Tables#UserRow` doesn't have a method `.roles` but this pattern allows
      calling that on any `UserRow` instance.
    - Play controllers and views only depend on the Service layer implemented under `app/services`.
* The DAO layer is fully unit tested under the test package `test/dao/`.
* There are two configured databases:
    - `myappdb` for running the application.
    - `mytestdb` for running the unit testing.
* The application builds on Travis CI https://travis-ci.org/bravegag/play-authenticate-usage-scala including
  execution of the unit tests on Postgres.

# Future work

Although I have tried very hard to have this project as a perfect template code base for my web
application projects there is some room for improvement:

* The PlayAuthenticate plugin is written in Play Java therefore to make this project in Scala
  it was necessary tunneling top Play abstractions (e.g. Context, Session, Request, etc)
  between Scala -> Java and back to -> Scala. The Play Java <-> Scala interoperability due to
  reusing a Java plugin resulted in some using of the Play internal `play.core.j.JavaHelpers`
  implementation. Once the top Play abstractions are made compatible between Java and Scala
  then one can refactor away from using `play.core.j.JavaHelpers`. See discussion the Playframework
  support page [NPE attempting to bindFromRequest a Java Form from a Scala App](https://github.com/playframework/playframework/issues/6831).

# FAQ

## Create/drop Postgres App database in Linux with:

`sudo -u postgres createdb myappdb`

`sudo -u postgres dropdb myappdb`

## Create/drop Postgres Test database in Linux with:

`sudo -u postgres createdb mytestdb`

`sudo -u postgres dropdb mytestdb`

# License

Copyright (c) 2016-2017 Giovanni Azua

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this work except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License in the LICENSE file, or at:
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Rockland County Charter proposal stipulates more than a dozen changes, including a requirement that the county executive submit his annual proposed budget by Oct. 1 each year. It is currently due by Oct. 23.
It would also shorten the time the county executive has to approve or disapprove a resolution or local law, from the current 30 days down to 21 days.
It would require the county executive to submit resolutions for appointments that require the Rockland Legislature's approval within 10 days of the appointment.
It would create for the first time the position of deputy county executive and place the person first in the order of succession if the county executive is disabled or absent from Rockland.
It would also create a means of succession for the chairman of the Legislature in case he is disabled or absent from Rockland.
Among other changes, the proposal would:
• Make the language of the charter gender neutral.
• Make all resolutions and local laws binding on all county government branches and departments.
• Allow the Legislature to approve or reject temporary appointments that are to last more than 75 days and pay $75,000 or more annually.
The proposal is opposed by County Executive Ed Day, who hoped to require term limits for all county elected officials, but could not secure the backing of the Legislature.
Legislature Chairman Alden Wolfe said the County Charter does not need to be amended to allow term limits, a resolution can be adopted through the county Legislature.
Day unsuccessfully attempted to get term limits approved during his tenure as a legislator.
Twitter: @LauraInc15
Visit the Rockland Board of Elections here for more information.


text:
WNBA: Natasha Howard leads Storm to win over Lynx
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Natasha Howard scored a career-high 33 points, Sami Whitcomb made five of Seattle's 12 3-pointers and the Storm closed the game on a 10-0 run to beat the Minnesota Lynx 90-79 on Wednesday night.
Seattle led 78-66 with 6:25 left until Minnesota made 3-pointers on its next three possessions to pull within three. The Lynx got as close as 80-79 , but Seattle answered with 10 straight points, highlighted by Whitcomb's drive and no-look pass to Alysha Clark.
Whitcomb had 15 points and eight assists and Clark added 12 points and seven rebounds. Seattle (11-8) has won a season-high three straight games without stars Breanna Stewart, Sue Bird and Jewell Loyd.
Seattle opened the game on a 15-4 run as Minnesota made just two of its first eight shots. The Storm led 26-16 after the first quarter and 40-30 at halftime behind 25 combined points from Howard and Whitcomb.
Sylvia Fowles had 16 points and seven rebounds for Minnesota (10-8). Danielle Robinson added 14 points, 10 assists and four steals.
Mercury 69,
Wings 64
PHOENIX (AP) — Brittney Griner scored 23 points, including the go-ahead basket with 33.9 seconds left, and the Mercury held off the Wings.
Griner made a hook shot in the lane to give Phoenix a 65-64 lead. After Kaela Davis was off on a 3-pointer, DeWanna Bonner sank two free throws for a three-point lead. Dallas elected to go for a quick 2-point shot, Griner grabbed the miss and she made two free throws to seal it.
Essence Carson and Camille Little each added 11 points for Phoenix (8-8).
Arike Ogunbowale scored 14 points on 6-of-22 shooting for Dallas (5-12), which is winless on the road this season in eight attempts.
Sky 77, Dream 76
CHICAGO (AP) — Diamond DeShields scored 20 of her season-high 22 points in the first half, Stefanie Dolson made a go-ahead layup with 2.3 seconds left and the Sky beat the Dream.
DeShields made 1 of 2 free throws with 31.3 seconds left to pull Chicago to 76-75, and the Sky forced Atlanta into a long 3-pointer by Alex Bentley at the other end. After a timeout at 6.9, Courtney Vandersloot drew two defenders on a drive into the lane and found an open Dolson under the basket. Atlanta had an open shot in the corner at the buzzer but Brittney Sykes' shot was off the mark.
DeShields was 10 of 13 from the free-throw line and also grabbed eight rebounds for Chicago (10-8), which has won three straight games.
Renee Montgomery led Atlanta (5-12) with 23 points and six assists.
NHL: Zero-Star rating
ST. PAUL (AP) — Coach Bruce Boudreau altered Minnesota's practice plans with a snowstorm hitting the state, ...
PISCATAWAY, N.J. (AP) — Rutgers coach Steve Pikiell doesn't want to talk about his team potentially being ...
NBA: VanVleet scores 29 in return as Raptors beat Wolves
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Fred VanVleet knew he was on a minutes restriction as he made his return from a hamstring ...
NBA: Wolves, Hawks swap guards Teague, Crabbe on expiring deals
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — The Minnesota Timberwolves traded 11th-year veteran point guard Jeff Teague to his original ...
NHL: Parise, Suter score as Wild beat Lightning to snap skid
ST. PAUL (AP) — Zach Parise scored his team-leading 17th goal and Ryan Suter added his seventh as the Minnesota ...
NCAA WOMEN'S BASKETBALL: Czinano, Doyle help No. 22 Iowa women rally, beat Minnesota
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Monika Czinano scored 21 points on 10-of-11 shooting and No. 22 Iowa hit five of its 10 ...
'Bad Boys for Life' debuts so good with box office top spot


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If you need to contact me, email at Grade6@StJosephSchoolTrenton.com.
6th Grade Science Book- Online resources for Glencoe Science: Level Red textbook.
7th Grade Science Book- Online resources for Glencoe Science: Level Green textbook.
8th Grade Science Book - Online resources for Glencoe Science: Level Blue textbook.
6th Grade ClassZone- Online resources for McDougal Littell: World Cultures and Geography textbook.
PhET- A cool website with a database of science simulations that will be used in class.
School Speak- School Speak allows parents and students to keep track of their grades.


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