text:
Falkirk Stadium
The Falkirk Stadium
Falkirk Stadium in 2018
Location in Falkirk
56°00′19.37″N 3°45′9.50″W / 56.0053806°N 3.7526389°W / 56.0053806; -3.7526389
Falkirk Community Stadium Ltd
Record attendance
7,926 v Dundee United
Field size
105 x 68 m [2]
synthetic pitch
2004–2005 (North stand)
2009 (South stand)
Main contractors
Mowlem (North stand and West stand)
Ogilvie (south stand)
Falkirk F.C. (2004–present)
Stirling University F.C. (2016–2018)
East Stirlingshire F.C. (2018–present)
www.falkirkstadium.co.uk
The Falkirk Stadium is a football stadium in Falkirk, central Scotland, which is the home ground of Scottish League One club Falkirk. The stadium has a capacity of 7,937[1] and currently consists of three fully completed stands.
The stadium was opened in 2004 with the main stand completed. It became the home of Falkirk in the same year after the club ground shared Ochilview Park for the 2003–04 season whilst the stadium was being constructed. The north and south stands were built and opened in 2005 and 2009 respectively.
2 Structure and facilities
3 Other uses
See also: History of Falkirk F.C.
Work began on building the stadium in 2003[3] after Brockville Park, the club's town centre home since 1885, was sold and demolished.[4]
The project of building the stadium was a partnership between Falkirk Football Club and Falkirk Council who set up the Falkirk Community Stadium Ltd which provided the funds to construct and run the stadium.[5] Falkirk Council estimated £6.1 million would be required for the first stage of the Community Stadium build and would contribute £3.1 million initially. The sale of Brockville Park amounted to £9 million pounds for the club, of which £2.8 million went towards the build, whilst £200,000 came from sportscotland.
The first stage of the stadium was completed in time for the 2004–05 football season and Falkirk moved in after spending the previous year ground-sharing with local rivals, Stenhousemuir at their Ochilview Park home.
The facade of the West Stand
Falkirk's first ever game at the stadium was a friendly in July 2004 against Dundee resulting in a 2–1 defeat.[6] A month later the first league game was hosted in the stadium with visitors Hamilton Academical drawing 1–1.[7]
In October 2004 construction work commenced for the building of a second stand to the north of the pitch.[7] The stand has a capacity of 2,000. After completion, the £1.58m[8] facility would bring the stadium's capacity to over the Scottish Premier League's 6,000 seating criteria meaning Falkirk would be allowed automatic promotion[9] from the First Division. The stand received its safety certificate in late March 2005, shortly before the SPL's deadline for a stadium which met the seating criteria.[9] By May of the same year the north stand was fully completed.[10]
Construction of the south stand began in December 2008 by contractors Ogilvie.[11] A £2m pledge from Sandy Alexander, founder of Schuh and Falkirk supporter, helped fund the project.[11] The south stand has a capacity of around 2,000 and is identical in appearance to the north stand of the stadium.[12] It was officially opened in August 2009 in a friendly game against Royal Antwerp FC of Belgium.[13] This brought the capacity of the stadium to around 8,000 people without the inclusion of the temporary east stand.
The joint venture that was set up between Falkirk F.C. and Falkirk Council, ended in 2009, just a few months before the opening of the south stand. The football club took full control of the facilities such as the pitch, seats, under-soil heating and floodlights,[5] whilst the council retained most of the development rights for the site and manages and receives rent from businesses set up the stadium's main west stand.[5]
An artificial playing surface was installed at the stadium in June 2013.[14] In 2016 Lowland Football League side Stirling University F.C. started playing their home matches at the ground, having moved from Stirling Albion's Forthbank Stadium.
Falkirk Stadium is situated opposite the fire station
In April 2018 it was announced that East Stirlingshire would begin playing their home matches at the Falkirk Stadium from the start of the 2018–19 season.[15] The club had previously played in the centre of Falkirk at Firs Park until 2008, before spending a decade ground-sharing with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview Park.
Structure and facilities[edit]
The three stands of the stadium
The Falkirk Stadium is an all-seater stadium which currently consists of three completed stands in the form of the main west stand and smaller north and south stands. Upon the stadium's construction the west stand was the first to be built, and subsequently completed in 2004. The north and south stands were completed in 2005 and 2009 respectively. The west stand has a capacity of roughly 4,200[16][17] and hosts several facilities which have ranged from a nursery to a restaurant. A temporary east stand has been present on several occasions.
The South Stand.
As well as hosting Falkirk F.C., the stadium has also staged several youth level international rugby union matches.[18] In 2008 the stadium was the venue chosen by the Scottish Rugby Union to host Scotland's home matches at the Six Nations Under 20s Championship which were played against England under-20s and France under-20s.[19] Former Falkirk manager John Hughes had commented on the condition of the pitch which was previously damaged during rugby matches.[18]
The stadium is also used on occasion by the Scotland women's national football team in World and Euro qualifying championships as well as in friendly matches.[20] Also in relation to football, the stadium has hosted the home matches of the Scotland national under-21 football team, the first happening in November 2004 in a game against Sweden.[21]
The Falkirk Stadium hosts summer music concerts, marketed under the "Rock The Stadium" brand.[22] The first act to appear at the Falkirk Stadium was Elton John, on 10 June 2012 as part of his Greatest Hits Tour.[23] In subsequent years, Status Quo (23 June 2013),[24] Midge Ure (22 June 2013),[25] Rod Stewart (21 June 2014)[26] Tom Jones (1 August 2015), Madness (4 August 2017), Jess Glynne (5 August 2017), and Little Mix (27 July 2018) have performed. Westlife will be performing in the stadium on 27 June 2020 for their "Stadiums in the Summer Tour".
The Falkirk Stadium is within a 30-minute walk of Falkirk Grahamston railway station which is on the main Edinburgh to Dunblane Line and Cumbernauld Line from Glasgow. During weekdays and Saturdays alternate trains between Glasgow and Cumbernauld call at Falkirk Grahamston.[27]
Special match day bus services provided by First Scotland East allow direct transport to the stadium from around the Falkirk area.[27] The number 98 service from Brightons passes through Shieldhill, Hallglen and Laurieston before terminating at the stadium. Access from Larbert on match days is provided by the number 99 bus, which is destined for the stadium via Stenhousemuir, Carronshore and Bainsford.[27][28] As well as the special match day routes, regular services are also provided by First Scotland East from Falkirk bus station to Grangemouth (routes 3 and 4/4A and 4B) and Bo'ness (routes 5/5A and 5C) which stop outside the stadium.[27][29]
Scottish stadium moves
^ a b "Falkirk Football Club". Scottish Professional Football League. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
^ Ground Guides Archived 30 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, SFL. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
^ Falkirk Stadium approved ... now work begins, Falkirk Herald. 20 March 2003. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ £9 million deal agreed for Brockville, Falkirk Herald. 19 July 2002. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ a b c "Football stadium venture to end". BBC News. BBC. 4 March 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Grahame, Ewing (26 July 2004). "Bairn again but Dundee contrive to rain on the Falkirk stadium parade". Daily Mail. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ a b News Archived 6 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Falkirk Stadium. 25 July 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
^ Work to start on new stand, Falkirk Herald. 29 April 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
^ a b Falkirk stadium gets green light, BBC Sport. 31 March 2005. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
^ Falkirk Stadium building design Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Falkirk Council. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ a b Work on third stand gets underway, BBC News. 3 December 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
^ What's The Ground Like?, Scottish Football Grounds Guide. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Club debut for new stadium stand, BBC News. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2012
^ Oliver, David (13 June 2013). "Falkirk are pitching in to bring the Bairns back to town". Falkirk Herald. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
^ Oliver, David (4 April 2018). "East Stirlingshire are back in town after decade at Stenhousemuir". Falkirk Herald. Johnston Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
^ Campbell, Alan (20 March 2005). "Falkirk keep rising from the rubble in more ways than one". The Sunday Herald. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ New Home, New Standards, TalkFootball. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
^ a b Fisher, Stewart (17 February 2008). "Hughes appeals for an end to rugby at Falkirk Stadium". Sunday Herald. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ U20's Six Nations Fixtures and Results, Retrieved 16 March 2012.
^ "Scots women buoyed by addition of baby Fleeting to the squad". The Scotsman. Johnston Publishing. 31 March 2010. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ "Pitch-perfect at Falkirk Stadium". Falkirk Herald. 18 November 2004. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ https://twitter.com/RocktheStadium
^ "Elton John to play Falkirk Stadium gig". BBC News. BBC. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
^ http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/rockers-status-quo-thrilled-after-1494770
^ http://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/news/local-news/1980s-pop-stars-set-to-rock-falkirk-1-2689319
^ http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/music/gig-review-rod-stewart-falkirk-1-3452900
^ a b c d Falkirk FC - Parking and Travel, falkirkfc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
^ South East and Central Scotland - Timetables for Service Number: 99, First Scotland East Retrieved 16 March 2012.
^ South East and Central Scotland - Timetables, First Scotland East Retrieved 16 March 2012.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Falkirk Stadium.
Falkirk Stadium official site
Falkirk Stadium at the Scottish Ground Guide
Falkirk Football Club
Notable matches
Records and statistics
Brockville Park
Ochilview Park
East Stirlingshire rivalry
Dunfermline rivalry
East Stirlingshire Football Club
League record by opponent
Merchiston Park
Firs Park
Falkirk rivalry
Football venues in Scotland
2019–20 Premiership
Almondvale Stadium
Easter Road
Fir Park
McDiarmid Park
New Douglas Park
Rugby Park
St Mirren Park
Tynecastle Park
Victoria Park (Dingwall)
2019–20 Championship
Caledonian Stadium
Cappielow
Dens Park
East End Park
Firhill Stadium
Gayfield Park
Palmerston Park
Recreation Park (Alloa)
Somerset Park
Tannadice Park
2019–20 League One
Balmoor
Bayview Stadium
Broadwood Stadium
Dumbarton Football Stadium
Excelsior Stadium
Links Park
Stair Park
Stark's Park
Station Park (Forfar)
2019–20 League Two
Ainslie Park
Balmoral Stadium
Borough Briggs
Cliftonhill
Forthbank Stadium
Galabank
Glebe Park
2019–20 Highland Football League
Bellslea Park
Claggan Park
Grant Street Park
Harmsworth Park
Kynoch Park
Mosset Park
North Lodge Park
Princess Royal Park
Station Park (Nairn)
Victoria Park (Buckie)
2019–20 Lowland Football League
3G Arena, Netherdale
Islecroft Stadium
K-Park
Raydale Park
Shielfield Park
2019–20 East of Scotland Football League
Humbug Park
Meggetland Sports Complex
Newtown Park
Pennypit Park
Prestonfield
Whitestone Park
2019–20 South of Scotland Football League
North Caledonian Football Association
The Pickaquoy Centre
Aberdeen Sports Village
Bellsdale Park
Beltane Park
Creamery Park
Dunterlie Park
Hannah Park
Hillhead Centre
Lister Park
Lochburn Park
Millburn Park
Petershill Park
Ravenscraig Stadium
Saracen Park
Valefield Park
Volunteer Park
Cathkin Park (second)
Lesser Hampden
Ravenscraig Regional Sports Facility
Toryglen Regional Football Centre
Defunct stadiums, closed before 1914
Barrowfield Park
Beechwood Park
Braehead Park
Carolina Port
Cathkin Park (first)
Celtic Park (first)
Dalziel Park
Dunterlie Park (first)
East Dock Street
Hamilton Crescent
Hampden Park (first)
Hawkhill
Hibernian Park
Ibrox Park (first)
Inchview
Langlands Park
Meadowside
New Logie Green
Old Ralston Park
Springvale Park
Underwood Park
Titwood
West Craigie Park
Westmarch
Whitefield Park
Defunct stadiums, closed 1914–1945
Ardencaple Park
Chancelot Park
Clune Park
Clydeholm
Dunterlie Park (second)
Forthbank Park
Kimmeter Park Green
Kintail Park
Meadow Park (Coatbridge)
North End Park
New Powderhall
New Ralston Park
Newfield Park
Old Logie Green
Recreation Grounds
Recreation Park (Lochgelly)
Royal Gymnasium Ground
Tontine Park
Defunct stadiums, closed since 1945
Adamslie Park
Allan Park
Annfield Stadium
Boghead Park
Broomfield Park
Chapelhill Park
Crawick Holm
Duckburn Park
Kilbowie Park
Kingsmills Park
Love Street
Meadow Park (Dumbarton)
Meadowbank Stadium
Muirton Park
New Meadowbank
Old Meadowbank
Raploch Park
Rosebery Park
Shawfield Stadium
Telford Street Park
Voluntary Park
Proposed stadiums
New Aberdeen Stadium
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falkirk_Stadium&oldid=924020541"
Falkirk F.C.
Sports venues in Falkirk (council area)
Rugby union stadiums in Scotland
Scottish Premier League venues
Scottish Football League venues
Scottish Professional Football League venues
Sports venues completed in 2004
Buildings and structures in Falkirk
East Stirlingshire F.C.
Use British English from January 2016
This page was last edited on 1 November 2019, at 08:25 (UTC).


Over the years, I have had a number of food allergies. As a child I always felt cheated. I was allergic to both strawberries, and (believe it or not) chocolate. Both foods were problematic for me from a health standpoint, causing me uncomfortable hives, facial swelling, and an ever present itching in my throat. It also proved to be an inconvenience for me emotionally, in not being able to eat the same goodies as everyone else. While my family enjoyed a huge serving of strawberry shortcake teeming with strawberries, I was relegated to eating the angel food cake with a dollop of whipped cream. After Trick or Treating at Halloween, my parents took all of the chocolate bars and chocolate covered confections out of my bag, and gave them to my brothers and sister. Of course, they were very happy to pawn off their jelly beans, apples, and stale popcorn balls on me, in exchange for my bounty. Picture a sad little boy with a popcorn ball watching longingly as his siblings enjoyed the creamy goodness of his favorite chocolate candies.
To this day, I HATE popcorn balls!
Fortunately for me, I grew out of those allergies. Of course as I got older, I developed sensitivities to other things. In our day and age, food sensitivities, intolerances, and allergies have become common with a number of people. But what exactly is an allergy anyway?
According to the National Library of Medicine, an allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful.
The immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses. It also reacts to foreign substances called allergens, which are generally harmless and in most people do not cause a problem. But in a person with allergies, the immune response is oversensitive. When it recognizes an allergen, the immune system launches a response. Chemicals such as histamines are released. These chemicals are what causes the adverse reactions in the body which are referred to as allergy symptoms.
Some people have allergy-like reactions to hot or cold temperatures, sunlight, or other environmental factors. Sometimes, even friction (rubbing or roughly stroking the skin) can cause these symptoms.
An allergy is not usually inherited per se, or passed down through the family line. However, both family genetics and environmental factors can play a role. If either of your parents have allergies, the chance is likely you will have allergies. The chance is greater if your mother has allergies.
Many people have what is called a food intolerance. This term refers to heartburn, cramps, belly pain, or diarrhea that can occur after they eat foods such as: Corn products, or milk and dairy products. These people are the folks you hear saying, "I like____, but it doesn't like me." While the symptoms of a food intolerance can be troublesome, these symptoms pale in comparison with those who suffer from the less common but more serious food allergies.
For example, some people suffer from what is called Celiac disease. They are highly allergic to Wheat products because they contain gluten. The consumption of a small amount would be enough to send them to the local hospital emergency room with breathing issues, and a host of other symptoms. How small an amount? About the size of ten mustard seeds, or about 30 times the size of the period at the end of this sentence.
If you develop symptoms shortly after eating a certain food, you may have a food allergy. Key symptoms of a food allergy include hives, a hoarse voice, and wheezing.
Food additives -- such as dyes, thickeners, and preservatives -- can cause either a food allergy or intolerance reaction.
While there are treatments available to combat other allergies, the only proven treatment for a food allergy is to avoid the food altogether. It is also very important to read the ingredient label on the package, or inquire about ingredients at a restaurant before making the choice to eat it.
As I have become more attuned to my body over the years, I am finding myself to be more and more sensitive to foods that contain artificial ingredients and preservatives. In fact, I had to stop eating a popular donut shaped breakfast cereal because it caused me to break out in hives. In this age of the skyrocketing amount of convenience foods being produced that are loaded with chemicals and artificial ingredients, more and more people have reported similar symptoms.
If you suspect that you might have a food allergy or intolerance, be smart, and consult a healthcare professional for advice. Be even smarter by making informed decisions about the food choices you make for you and your family!


text:
Pop Gun
Toy guns are toys which imitate real guns, but are designed for recreational sport or casual play by children. From hand-carved wooden replicas to factory-produced pop guns and cap guns, toy guns come in all sizes, prices and materials such as wood, metal, plastic or any combination thereof. Many newer toy guns are brightly colored and oddly shaped to prevent them from being mistaken for real firearms.
2 Popularity and proliferation
3 Toy gun control
3.1.1 Laws
Types[edit]
Wooden guns are made to resemble real guns. Often handmade, these toys may or may not have metal parts and are made with various levels of detail.
Rubber band guns, are toy gun used to fire one or more rubber bands (or "elastic bands"). Rubber band guns are often used in live-action games such as Assassins, in which they are common and popular toy weapons. They are also common in offices and classrooms. Rubber band guns have been popular toys that date back to the invention of rubber bands, which were patented in England on March 17, 1845 by Stephen Perry.[1][2][3]
An orange-tipped cap gun with its hammer drawn back
Cap guns, cap pistol, or cap rifle are toy guns that creates a loud sound simulating a gunshot and a puff of smoke when a small percussion cap is exploded. Cap guns were originally made of cast iron, but after World War II were made of zinc alloy, and most newer models are made of plastic.
Model guns are Japanese full-size toy guns that highly replicate the appearance, design, and operation of the real ones but cannot shoot any projectile. It comes as either ignition models (a very sophisticated type of cap guns) or non-ignition dummy models. Both are subject to the strict Japanese Gun Control Law for identification and to prevent possible modification.
Prop guns are toy guns that have to look like real guns. They are commonly used in movies, TV show, and other theatrical performances.
A typical factory-made toy die-cast spud gun. The cap attached to the muzzle converts it into a water pistol.
Spud guns are small toy guns used to fire a fragment of potato. To operate, one punctures the surface of a potato with the gun's hollow tip and pries out a small pellet which fits snugly in the muzzle. Squeezing the grip causes a small build-up of air pressure inside the toy which propels the projectile. The devices are usually short-range and low-powered.
Cross section of a typical water gun
Water guns are a type of toy gun that uses a variety of methods to spray jets of water. Many early small water guns used the same trigger based pumping mechanism used for spray bottles. In this type of device, the trigger actuates a positive displacement pump shaft. With the aid of two check valves, often using small balls, fluid is drawn into the pump from a reservoir, then forced out the nozzle upon squeezing the trigger. The simplicity of the spraying mechanism allowed these toys to be manufactured cheaply and allowed the majority of the body to be used as the reservoir. The primary limitation of this design is the volume of water that can be effectively moved per pump. Increasing pump volume would require more user effort to push the fluid out, making larger designs impractical. However, this technology remains widely used today both in spray bottles as well as small water guns that can be found in a wide variety of shapes and colors.[4]
Vintage 1950s Toy Cork Rifle ("Pop Gun") by All Metal Products
Pop guns (also written as popgun or pop-gun) is a toy gun that was made by American inventor Edward Lewis and uses air pressure to fire a small tethered or untethered projectile (such as cork or foam) out of a barrel, most often via piston action though sometimes via spring pressure. Other variants do not launch the obstruction, but simply create a loud noise.[5] This mechanism consists of a hollow cylindrical barrel which is sealed at one end with the projectile and at the other with a long-handled plunger. In this type, the plunger is rapidly forced down the barrel, building up internal air pressure until the projectile is forced out with the "pop" sound that lends the toy its name.
Space Pilot X Ray Gun
Ray guns are a science fiction particle-beam weapon that fires what is usually destructive energy. They have various alternate names: ray gun, death ray, beam gun, blaster, laser gun, laser pistol, phaser, zap gun, etc. In most stories, when activated, a raygun emits a ray, typically visible, usually lethal if it hits a human target, often destructive if it hits mechanical objects, with properties and other effects unspecified or varying. Toy ray guns often have a mechanical component that sparks, light-up and make a sound effect.
Tracer guns, sometimes known as a disc gun, is a kind of toy gun made of durable plastic. The toy shoots lightweight plastic discs roughly the size of a penny. The discs used as ammunition for these guns are often sold with the label "Jet Discs." The firing mechanism is a spring, The magazine holds 20 "discs." The range is about 10 feet, and even then, accuracy is far from dependable. The trigger requires some force. The firing sound is loud, low, and distinctive. Oftentimes the trigger will become loose and will take multiple attempts to shoot.
Children of U.S. Marines and Sailors shooting Nerf® guns at a mock shooting range during the unit's Kids Boot Camp. The event was held to commemorate National Take Your Child to Work Day.
Nerf guns are toy guns made by Hasbro that fires foam darts, discs, or foam balls. The term "Nerf gun" is often used to describe the toy;[6] however, it is often used as a blanket term for any foam dart blaster, regardless of whether or not it has the Nerf brand name. Nerf blasters are manufactured in multiple forms, including pistols, rifles, and light machine guns. The first Nerf blasters emerged in the late 1980s with the release of the Nerf Blast-a-Ball[7] and the Arrowstorm.
Airsoft M4A1 replica
Airsoft guns are replica toy guns used in airsoft sports. They are essentially a special type of very low-power smoothbore air guns designed to shoot non-metallic spherical projectiles often colloquially (and incorrectly) referred to as "BBs", which are typically made of (but not limited to) plastic or biodegradable resin materials. Airsoft gun powerplants are designed to have low muzzle energy ratings (generally less than 1.5 J or 1.1 ft⋅lbf) and the polymer pellets have significantly less penetrative and stopping powers than conventional air guns, and are generally quite safe for competitive sporting and recreational purposes if proper protective gear is worn. MilSim is a major element of appeal for airsoft guns, and airsoft games rely heavily on an honor system, where a player have the ethical obligation to call himself out of play when hit.
Gel blasters are replica toy guns similar in design to airsoft guns but much less powerful, and shoot superabsorbent polymer (most commonly sodium polyacrylate) water beads (often sold commercially as garden moisture retainers) which are hydrated into 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in)-diameter projectiles colloquially called gel beads or gel balls. Gel blasters are invented as a replacement toy for regions with airsoft-unfriendly laws (e.g. China, Australia, Malaysia and Vietnam), and are often played in CQB-style shooting skirmishes similar to paintball, but follows an airsoft-like honor-based gameplay umpiring system.
Spyder VS2 Paintball Marker Gun
Paintball guns , paint gun, or marker gun, is the main piece of paintball equipment in the sport of paintball. Markers use an expanding gas, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or compressed air, to propel paintballs through the barrel and quickly strike a target. The term "marker" is derived from its original use as a means for forestry personnel to mark trees and ranchers to mark wandering cattle.[8][9][10]
The NES Zapper, Nintendo's early light gun
Light guns are pointing devices for computers and a control device for arcade and video games, typically shaped to resemble a pistol. Modern screen-based light guns work by building an optical sensor into the gun, which receives its input from the light emitted by on-screen target(s). The first device of this type, the light pen, was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer.
Laser tag gun and sensor
Laser tag gun is a tag game played with toy guns which fire infrared beams. Infrared-sensitive targets are commonly worn by each player and are sometimes integrated within the arena in which the game is played. Since its birth in 1979, with the release of the Star Trek Electronic Phasers toy manufactured by the South Bend Electronics brand of Milton Bradley, laser tag has evolved into both indoor and outdoor styles of play, and may include simulations of combat, role play-style games, or competitive sporting events including tactical configurations and precise game goals. Laser tag is popular with a wide range of ages. When compared to paintball, laser tag is painless because it uses no physical projectiles, and indoor versions may be considered less physically demanding because most indoor venues prohibit running or roughhousing.[citation needed]
Parris U.S. Training Rifle Mk1 Navy
Dummy guns have been historically used by police and military organizations for training purposes. During World War II, Parris Manufacturing Company provided over 2 million accurate copies of the M1903 Springfield rifles, the MK 1 USN Dummy Training Rifle to the U.S. armed forces. After the war they continued to manufacture and sell their replicas as toy guns. As well as smaller sized models for children that featured a working bolt with a dummy bullet, leather sling, the clicker action, and a smaller rubber bayonet similar to the M1 bayonet.[11]
U.S. Navy sailor training with an M4 "blue gun"
Today, the United States military, calls these dummy training guns "rubber ducks" or "blue guns", usually resembling an M16 type rifle.[12] Trainees are issued rubber ducks before they have been properly trained to use actual rifles, in order to become familiar with the care, responsible handling, and added weight of an M16 during various activities, such as bayonet drills, water survival, and marches. They are also used to train soldiers in various ceremonial practices that differ when soldiers are armed. For example, standing at attention requires a different stance and set of movements when the soldier has a rifle in-hand.
Popularity and proliferation[edit]
Handmade toy rubber-band gun
Children have always had small imitations of things from the adult world and toy guns are no exception. From a hand-carved wooden replica to factory-produced pop guns and cap guns, toy guns came in all sizes, prices and materials from wood, to metal, to plastic or any combination thereof.
With the influence of Hollywood and comic strips, tie-ins could make an ordinary toy gun a major bestseller. In the 1930s Daisy Outdoor Products came out with a Buck Rogers Rocket Pistol (1933), Disintegrator Pistol (1934), and Liquid Helium Pistol (1935) that sold in record numbers.[13]
Advertisement for Dick Tracy Rapid-Fire Tommy Gun
Mattel had used television advertising to sell their "burp gun" on The Mickey Mouse Club in the mid-1950s to great effect. In 1959 Mattel sponsored their own television show Matty's Funday Funnies with their trademark little boy "Matty" showing cartoons and advertising their products. Mattel toys came out with Dick Tracy weapons in 1960 that were state of the art. Not only could the "Dick Tracy Crimestoppers" have a realistic snubnosed revolver in a shoulder holster, but Mattel also boosted junior law enforcement firepower with a Dick Tracy cap firing tommy gun that fired a burst of 6 caps automatically when the M-1 Thompson-style bolt was pulled back. One commercial featured Billy Mumy demonstrating the weapons to his father prior to watching Dick Tracy on TV. Mattel also came up with a "Dick Tracy Water Jet Gun" that was a miniature replica of a police pump action shotgun that fired caps when you pulled the trigger and squirted water when you pumped the slide. When the Dick Tracy craze faded the same two weapons were reissued in military camouflage as Green Beret "Guerrilla Fighter" weapons. (see United States Army Special Forces in popular culture). Mattel later issued the same tommy gun in its original colours as a Planet of the Apes tie-in complete with ape mask.
In the mid-1960s, Multiple Toymakers/Multiple Plastics Corporation (MPC) came out with James Bond's attaché case from From Russia with Love. Topper Toys replied with a copy called "Secret Sam" that featured a toy gun that fired plastic bullets through the attaché case and had a working camera that outsold 007's kit. MPC toys replied with a "B.A.R.K" - "Bond Assault and Raider Kit" an attaché case that opened up to display a firing mortar and a rocket shooting pistol. MPC also provided a "Bond-O-Matic" water pistol. Bond's television competition The Man From U.N.C.L.E. had their pistol with attachments that turned it into a rifle made by both the Ideal Toy Company in the US and the Lone Star Toys company in the United Kingdom. Mattel came out with a series of "Zero-M" secret-agent weapons such as a camera turning into a pistol and a radio turning into a rifle demonstrated by a juvenile Agent Zero M played by Kurt Russell.
The Johnny Seven OMA, set up and ready for action.
Star Wars Stormtrooper E11 Blaster
Perhaps the ultimate toy weapon was the 1964 Topper Toys Johnny Seven OMA (One Man Army) where an exciting television commercial showed one little boy using each of the seven weapons of the gun to wipe out a neighborhood full of children armed only with ordinary toy guns. Though an amazing seller, the Captain Kangaroo television program refused to air the advertisement. The proliferation of toy weapons was satirized in the "Our Man in Toyland" episode of Get Smart.
In the 1970s, the Star Wars media franchise provided new laser blaster and lightsabers produced by Kenner Toys.
Toy gun control[edit]
The imitation on top, real gun below
Toy guns can cause harm like many objects not under proper supervision. Unlike most other toys though, much of the danger of these toys is related to mistaking a toy gun for a real gun or vice versa. For example:
a robber or other criminals might threaten people with a toy gun.
people might call the police, flee, panic, or attempt to overpower someone carrying a toy gun.
police officers and armed citizens might mistake someone carrying a toy gun for a killer carrying a real gun, and shoot them.
a child might play with and fire a real gun confusing it for a toy gun.
United States[edit]
Toy guns were temporarily removed from the Sears Roebuck 1968 Christmas catalog after the April assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the June assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.[14] However, they returned to the Sears catalog the following year.
Brightly colored Jet Disc Tracer Gun
Beginning in the 1970s, American gun control advocates called for federal government to regulate and/or ban the manufacture and sale of toy guns. These calls were countered by toy industry groups, who preferred to set their own standards. In 1973, the newly formed U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission received petitions and letters from consumers, asking the commission to institute mandatory safety standards for the design of toy weapons. These calls for action were repeated in 1975. However, the trade association representing the toy weapon manufacturers also contacted the CPSC, asking them to delay until the industry developed their own set of voluntary standards. The voluntary guidelines that were published over the next few years emphasized the use of warning labels on packaging and instructions, rather than mandating safety standards for the design of projectile toys. The Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected further petitions to regulate toy weapon manufacture in 1981 and 1985.[15] In 1992, the Department of Commerce prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipping of toy guns unless they have an orange tip or are entirely brightly colored. The regulation does not prohibit end-users from modifying the toys.[16]
In March 2018, Walmart (the largest single retailer in the United States) announced that they would stop selling certain types of toy guns.[17] "We are also removing items from our website resembling assault-style rifles, including nonlethal airsoft guns and toys," the company said in a statement.[17]
Laws[edit]
Toy gun with an orange barrel, brightly colored exterior and transparent construction
In the United States, federal law and regulations indicate that all toy guns transported or imported into the country must have a 6mm-wide blaze orange tip or a blaze orange stripe 1-inch (2.54 centimeters) thick on both sides of the barrel. However, this is not required by federal law for airsoft and paintball. Part 272 of Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations on foreign commerce and trade (15 CFR 272) states that "no person shall manufacture, enter into commerce, ship, transport, or receive any toy, look-alike, or imitation firearm" without approved markings; these may include an orange tip, orange barrel plug, brightly colored (safety orange) exterior of the whole toy, or transparent construction.
New York City, Washington, D.C., Chicago, and parts of Michigan have completely banned airsoft guns.[citation needed] Chicago goes even further with their mandates. It is considered a crime to wield a look-alike or replica gun (e.g., toy gun, airsoft gun) in public. If a toy gun or replica gun is used to commit a crime in Chicago, then that person is treated as though they had actually used a real firearm.[citation needed]
United Kingdom[edit]
There is a controversy as to whether or not toy guns are appropriate for children to play with. Some people believe they can encourage violence. In 2007, the British Department for Children, Schools and Families (which existed between 2007 and 2010) has advised young boys be encouraged to play with toy guns, as it will encourage them to learn and foster their development.[18] However, the National Union of Teachers in England has criticised this advice, arguing that toy guns "symbolise aggression" and that encouraging boys to play with them fosters gender stereotypes.[18]
Pakistan[edit]
In 2016, Shafeeq Gigyani, who is a peace activist in Pakistan, started a campaign against toy guns.[19][20][21]
Ceremonial weapon
Drill purpose rifle
Lego gun
Rubber duck (military)
Shooting of Tamir Rice
^ Loadman, John; James, Francis (2009), The Hancocks of Marlborough: Rubber, Art and the Industrial Revolution - A Family of Inventive Genius, p. 89, ISBN 978-0-19-957355-4
^ March 17 - Today in Science History
^ How rubber bands are made. This reference states that the rubber is vulcanized before it is extruded. The rubber is then "cured" on mandrels.[unreliable source?][failed verification] The "Made How" reference appears to directly copy text from other sources, some of which appears to be incorrect. The exact same text regarding Thomas Hancock appears in a 1995 book entitled "CD's, super glue and salsa: how everyday products are made" by Kathleen Witman, Kyung-Sun Lim, Neil Schlager. Contradicting other sources, both credit Thomas Perry rather than Stephen Perry for the invention of the rubber band.
^ "Digital Water Gun Museum". Sinasnet.nl. 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
^ Hearst Magazines (July 1912). "Popular Mechanics". Popular Mechanics Magazine. Hearst Magazines: 1–. ISSN 0032-4558. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
^ Pinkerton, Lindsey (2009-04-03). "The Top 10 Nerf Guns of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
^ Nerf Blast-a-Ball
^ "FAQ ; Frequently Asked Questions". Paintball Markers, The. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ "SPLAT! ; South Sound Plays Host to Some of the Best in the World of Paintball". News Tribune, The. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
^ Gaines, Charles (December 6, 2004). "Who Thought This Was A Good Idea?". CNN. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
^ "Military Toy Guns & Western Toy Cap Guns For Sale - Parris Manufacturing Co". Retrieved 1 August 2016.
^ E. Kelly Taylor (2009). America's Army and the Language of Grunts: Understanding the Army Lingo Legacy. AuthorHouse. pp. 292–. ISBN 978-1-4389-6250-4.
^ "Daisy Museum". Retrieved 1 August 2016.
^ Sifakis, Carl Encyclopedia of Assassinations: Revised Edition Fitzhenry & Whiteside (2002)
^ Swartz, Edward M. (1986). Toys That Kill: Make Sure Your Child Is Safe. New York: Random House Inc. pp. 24–32. ISBN 0394746074.
^ https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/15/part-1150
^ a b https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/1/walmart-bans-sales-toy-guns/ Walmart dances with insanity and bans toy guns. By Cheryl K. Chumley. The Washington Times. Thursday, March 1, 2018.
^ a b "Boys 'can learn healthy lessons from toy guns'". Retrieved 1 August 2016.
^ Sher Alam, Shinwar (7 July 2015). "Legislation against toy guns demanded". DAWN.COM.
^ Inam, Ullah. "Pakistani critics call one-month toy gun ban insufficient". UPI.
^ Izhar, Ullah (27 June 2016). "Culture of violence: Activists voice concern over sale, import of toy guns - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune.
CNN: "A toy gun, a real crime". (January 8, 2003) Matt Bean on the dangers of toy guns being mistaken for real ones in the U.S.
Toy Rayguns
Super Soaker Central
Cap Guns Online
List of toys
List of wooden toys
Educational toy
Electronic game
Office toy
Skill toy
Model car
Toy advertising
American International Toy Fair
Toy Industry Association
Toy Industry Hall of Fame
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toy_gun&oldid=997112044"
Gun politics
Inert firearms
Toy controversies
Articles lacking reliable references from May 2010
Articles with failed verification from May 2010
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ambulance crews called to crash in Newmarket's High Street
Ambulance crews were called to Newmarket's High Street today after a collision between a car and a motorbike.
At about 9.40am today the East of England Ambulance Service was called to reports of a crash at the junction of High Street and Dullingham Road, near the Shell petrol station.
Eye witnesses said there was a collision between a car and a motorbike.
Crash in Newmarket's High Street (16012449)
High Street traffic was stopped as onlookers called emergency services. The road was soon clear to traffic.
An East of England Ambulance Service spokesman said an ambulance and ambulance officer was sent to the scene.
A Suffolk Police spokesman said a man in his 20s suffered minor injuries.
AccidentsNewmarket


text:
Lena Dunham (* 13. Mai 1986 in New York City) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin, Filmproduzentin, Filmregisseurin, Schriftstellerin und Drehbuchautorin. Bekannt wurde sie durch ihre Fernsehserie Girls, die mit zwei Golden Globe Awards ausgezeichnet wurde und einige Emmy-Nominierungen bekam. Für ihre Arbeit an der Serie Girls wurde Dunham 2013 als erste Frau mit dem Directors Guild of America Award für die beste Comedyserie ausgezeichnet. In demselben Jahr wurde Dunham vom Time-Magazine als einer der 100 einflussreichsten Menschen der Welt genannt. Im Jahr 2014 veröffentlichte Dunham ihr erstes Buch Not That Kind of Girl: Was ich im Leben so gelernt habe.

Leben
Lena Dunham wurde in New York City geboren. Sie ist die Tochter des Malers Carroll Dunham und der Künstlerin und Fotografin Laurie Simmons. Ihr Vater ist protestantisch und ihre Mutter ist jüdisch; Dunham sagt, dass sie sich "kulturell sehr jüdisch fühlt, aber ich weiß, dass das das größte Klischee ist, das eine jüdische Frau sagen kann". Ihr jüngeres Geschwister ist das Model und der mittlerweile nichtbinäre Politaktivist Cyrus Grace Dunham. Dunham bezeichnet ihre Erziehung als feministisch ausgeprägt. Seit dem Alter von neun Jahren ist sie in therapeutischer Behandlung. Mit 11 wurde bei ihr eine Zwangsneurose diagnostiziert und mit 14 wurden ihr zum ersten Mal Psychopharmaka verabreicht. Dunhams Umgang mit ihrer psychischen Krankheit ist immer wieder Gegenstand ihrer Arbeit. Sie besuchte die Saint Ann's School in Brooklyn und schloss 2008 ihr Studium in Kreativem Schreiben mit einem Bachelor am Oberlin College ab.

Im März 2020 wurde Dunham positiv auf Covid-19 getestet und litt wochenlang unter starken Beschwerden. Sie thematisierte die Erkrankung auf Instagram, um für die Einhaltung der Vorsichtsmaßnahmen gegen die Krankheit zu werben.

Seit 2021 ist sie mit dem britisch-peruanischen Musiker Luis Felber verheiratet.

Künstlerische Karriere
Bereits 2009 debütierte sie mit der Tragikomödie Creative Nonfiction als Schauspielerin, Regisseurin und Drehbuchautorin. Doch war es der Spielfilm Tiny Furniture (2010), gedreht mit einem Kleinstbudget von 25.000 $, der ihre Karriere in Gang setzte. Sie gewann damit den Independent Spirit Award (bestes erstes Drehbuch), den New Generation Award der Los Angeles Film Critics Association und den Independent Visions Award am Sarasota Film Festival. Diese ersten Kritikererfolge ebneten ihr den Weg zu einem Vertrag mit HBO für die Fernsehserie Girls, bei der sie gleichzeitig als Produzentin, Drehbuchautorin, Regisseurin und Hauptdarstellerin mitwirkt. Dafür wurde sie bei der Primetime-Emmy-Verleihung 2012 für drei Emmys in den Kategorien Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series und Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series nominiert. 2013 gewann Dunham für Girls den Golden Globe Award als beste Serien-Hauptdarstellerin in einer Komödie oder einem Musical.

Dunham wurde stark von der jüdisch-amerikanischen Drehbuchautorin und Regisseurin Nora Ephron beeinflusst. Ephron schrieb Dunham eine spontane E-Mail, nachdem sie Tiny Furniture gesehen hatte. Bis zu Ephrons Tod im Jahre 2012 blieb sie Dunhams Mentorin und Freundin. Auf die Bitte eines Redakteurs, der von dieser engen Freundschaft wusste, verfasste Dunham einen Nachruf im Magazin The New Yorker. Aufgrund der Publikation von Seeing Nora Everywhere ermunterte David Remnick sie dazu, weiteres Material zur Publikation einzureichen, und im August 2012 erschien ihr erster Essay mit dem Titel First Love im New Yorker.

2014 veröffentlichte sie ihre Autobiographie mit dem Titel Not That Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You What She's "Learned". In diesem Buch verarbeitet Dunham Psychotherapie, Nervenzusammenbrüche, ungesunde Beziehungen und fragwürdige persönliche Entscheidungen. Zu einem Skandal führte, dass sie dort mit Barry den Namen eines Republikaners angab, der sie zu Studienzeiten vergewaltigt haben soll. Eine Kennzeichnung für ein Pseudonym fand sich nicht, im Unterschied zu anderen Figuren des Buches, und die Beschreibung identifizierte eine Person, die sich und ihre Familie erheblichen Attacken ausgesetzt sah. Nach mehreren Wochen entschuldigte sich Dunham und gestand ein, diesen Mann nicht gemeint zu haben. Der Verlag verpflichtete sich dann, dies auch im Buch zu erläutern. Mittlerweile hat dies in den USA zu einer kontroversen Diskussion über den Umgang mit Vergewaltigungsvorwürfen geführt. Während die eine Seite die Anwürfe für Forderungen nach einem restriktiveren Sexualstrafrecht nutzt, sehen zahlreiche Medien durch diese Falschbeschuldigung auch die Glaubwürdigkeit Dunhams bei ihren weiteren Schilderungen stark in Zweifel gezogen.

Von 2015 bis 2018 gab Dunham zusammen mit ihrer Freundin und damaligen Showrunner Jennifer Konner die Publikation Lenny Letter, einen feministischen Online-Newsletter heraus.

Preise
 2010:
New Generation Award (Tiny Furniture), Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Independent Visions Award (Tiny Furniture), Sarasota Film Festival

 2011:
Bestes erstes Drehbuch (Tiny Furniture), Independent Spirit Awards

 2013:
Beste neue Serie (Girls), Writers Guild of America
Herausragende Regieleistung im Fach Komödie (Girls), Directors Guild of America
Herausragende Regieleistung im Fach Unterhaltung (Girls), Gracie Allen Awards
Beste Internationale TV-Serie (Girls), British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards
Beste Schauspielerin in einer TV-Serie (Girls), Golden Globe Awards

Rezeption

2013 zählt das Time Magazine Dunham zu den 100 weltweit einflussreichsten Personen. Im September 2014 würdigte das Magazin der New York Times Dunhams Schaffen mit einem umfangreichen Beitrag (Daum, 2014).

Werke

Filmografie
 2006: Dealing (Kurzfilm)
 2007: Una & Jacques (Kurzfilm)
 2009: Creative Nonfiction
 2010: Tiny Furniture
 2011: The Innkeepers – Hotel des Schreckens (The Innkeepers)
 2012: Immer Ärger mit 40 (This Is 40)
 2012–2017: Girls (Fernsehserie, 62 Folgen)
 2014: Happy Christmas
 2015: Scandal (Fernsehserie, Folge 4x16)
 2015: Sky: Der Himmel in mir (Sky)
 2016: High Maintenance (Fernsehserie, Folge 1x05)
 2017: American Horror Story (Fernsehserie, Folge 7x07)
 2019: Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
 2020: The Stand-In
 2020: Industry (Fernsehserie, Folge 1x01, Regie)
 2022: Sharp Stick
 2022: Catherine, Lady wider Willen (Catherine Called Birdy)

Musikvideos
 2015: Taylor Swift – Bad Blood

Autobiografie

deutsch:

Weblinks

 Radio Interview mit Lena Dunham auf Q with Jian Ghomeshi, Radio Show, CBC Radio One, Kanada, 30. September 2014 (englisch).

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Filmregisseur
Filmproduzent
Showrunner
Drehbuchautor
Golden-Globe-Preisträger
Künstler der feministischen Kunst
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1986
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ty Gant
City Council passes ordinance governing archery range use
The city council to be held on the second Tuesday of August was rescheduled, instead being held on August 17. One of the primary items on the evening's agenda - and the item to which over half of the meeting's duration was devoted - was an ordinance regarding the rules for the archery range that is in the works. Many members of the community turned out to offer their views on the issue; some were concerned for the safety of the surrounding properties, others for the natural access in the area, and there were members of the local archer's association in support of the development.
During the following deliberation, the city council outlined the safety measures, proper use and legality of the archery range that is in the works. It was emphasized that this ordinance is essentially allowing the archery range and confirming the rules and policies under which it will operate; this ordinance does not set the budget or location of the range. Alternatives to budgeting, location and time frame were presented and are still open for discussion. The ordinance was passed, four votes - council members Colson, East, Meyeres and Chamberlain - aye, and one vote - Councilman Heaton - nay.
The remainder of the meeting was devoted to various property concerns and addresses, working with the Cotori Canyon development as well as private citizens. Anyone wishing to review the specifics of the meeting can review the footage of the live broadcast on Facebook - though due to conflicting broadcasting channels, the quality can vary significantly from week to week. The city records audio channels separate from the Facebook broadcast, and those can be obtained along with the minutes on the state public notice site.
As for the August 23 city council meeting - back to the regular time and place - a large portion of the meeting, along with the majority of public comments, was dedicated to the project improving Kanab Creek Drive. The road is being reworked for a few interlacing reasons; to align it with the adjoining highway intersection, to prepare the road for assessment by the Department of Transportation to confirm the need for a traffic signal over that intersection and to prepare the road to be one of the primary accesses to the new elementary school. An engineer working for the city stated, "I think the pavement will be done tomorrow; we still have to paint lines, touch up edges, peoples' driveways - we're probably a month out."
The public expressed concerns about the ditches being used for flood control and water drainage, particularly where the road will be frequented by children and bicycles. The city's engineer responded, "We, like everyone else, are constrained by budget. A lot of roadway failure is caused by bad drainage … ditches weren't ideal. We would love to go put curb and gutter out there."
And it's not a minor budget constraint - curb and gutter, versus the ditches being put in now, would be an additional investment of thousands of dollars according to the engineers. In response to the public's concerns, the council's consensus was, "We progress as designed by the engineer, and handle individual concerns as needed." Per that conclusion, no vote was needed as there were no plans being changed.
In addition to the road project, there were a few planning and zoning items, as well as a revisit to the city's general city plan, which can be viewed on the city's website; feedback is encouraged, as according to the planner, "We get our public feedback, and we update our vision statement based on that."
The public was dismissed before the last item on the agenda, an executive meeting to host "discussion on the character, professional competence, or physical or mental health of an individual" per the meeting's agenda.
High speed chase reaches speeds of 130 mph east of Kanab
Raising Kane Business Summit 2023
City of Kanab welcomes Danielle Ramsay as Treasurer


This classic pink girl's bedroom is decorated with a traditional design fit for a princess, featuring antique furniture and a vintage chandelier. Several throw pillows adorn the British cane sleigh bed, adding a plush feel to the space.
Comfort is key for this French Country-inspired bedroom. A reading nook next to the French doors features a cozy chaise lounge with a simple end table and lamp. A natural fiber area rug adds warmth and softness to the floor.
A wooden canopy bed is the centerpiece of this beautiful bedroom. An old writing desk has been painted the same shade of red as the bed. Neutral drapes and walls, a wooden chair and floral bedspread complete the French Country look.
Toile wallpaper and matching toile bedding in green and white create a bright and airy space. Wood furnishings stand out against the light walls and bedding and break up the patterned room.
This elegant bedroom takes French Country style to a new level. Rich details abound, from the damask wallpaper to floral-print ottoman to lined canopy curtains. A curving chandelier adds golden light to the sunlight filtering through the skylight.
A balance of neutral cream and brown tones create an earthy, comfortable vibe in this Westlake, Texas, home's guest bedroom. The vaulted ceiling, four-poster bed and chandelier offer a sense of elegance and luxury.
This light and bright French country bedroom features a funky brass chandelier that adds a contemporary touch to the space. Natural wood planks cover the ceiling, while blue and white linens and a pintucked upholstered headboard decorate the bed. An orange desk adds a vibrant pop of color.
In addition to the vintage tub, this master bathroom features soft hues of neutral, custom Roman shades, and beige cabinetry that is illuminated by the small wrought-iron wall sconces creating a simply elegant space that is warm and relaxing.
A feminine bedroom is decorated with floral touches and bright pinks and pale greens. The large canopy above the wood-framed upholstered bed continues the floral theme.
This oceanside summer home uses bright, beachy pinks and yellows to create a French Country-inspired bedroom. A hammock chair makes for a cozy, whimsical spot to while away a lazy afternoon, while toile drapes and upholstered daybeds complete the look.
This master bedroom's many windows allows plenty of natural light, giving the space a bright and airy feel. The while, plank wood walls and light color palette all add to the airy feel of the room.
Lavender toile bedding, a green and lavender gingham dust ruffle and upholstered changing bench lend a French Country style to this guest bedroom.
Dreams take flight in the beautifully composed Moriann poster bed. The eloquent metal frame and twill upholstery are also mirrored in the eclectic bench.
A large, ornate mirror hangs above a marble sink in this French country-style guest bathroom.
The subtle sheen of the damask bedding picks up light from a petite glass lamp in this neutral bedroom. An embroidered detail on the sheets echoes the leafy pattern in a painted wood headboard without being too matchy. A black contrast welt on a throw pillow draws the eye to the statement-making headboard.
A warm yellow covers the walls of this French country master bedroom, while natural light spills in through beautiful French doors, making the space feel bright. The curtains' large floral pattern matches the bedspread, while built-in shelves provide storage and one set conceals a television.
This Master Bedroom conveys a modern twist on the French Country style of the home.
With yellow and blue patterned bedding, an antique-style wooden dresser and an ornate mirror, this bedroom screams French country sophistication. Fresh gray walls and crisp white trim add a stylish touch.


Book: Genesis (1), Psalm (1), Isaiah (1), Matthew (36), John (1), Acts (1), 2 Peter (1).
Matthew 2:1-23 (Part of the Advent 2018 series).
Preached by Robert Calvert on December 30, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 3:1-17 (Part of the Advent 2018 series).
Preached by Allan Webster on December 16, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Preached by Robert Calvert on December 9, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Preached by Alastair Morrice on February 18, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 25:14-30 (Part of the Matthew series).
Preached by Daniel Spencer on November 19, 2017 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 25:1-13 (Part of the Matthew series).
Preached by Robert Calvert on November 12, 2017 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 23:1-13 (Part of the Matthew series).
Preached by Robert Calvert on November 5, 2017 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 22:34-46 (Part of the 1 Corinthians series).
Preached by Robert Calvert on October 29, 2017 (Sunday Morning).
Matthew 22:15-22 (Part of the Matthew series).
Preached by Robert Calvert on October 22, 2017 (Sunday Morning).


text:
Calyptra orthograpta är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Butler 1886. Calyptra orthograpta ingår i släktet Calyptra och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Nattflyn
orthograpta


We appreciate your choosing our center for your procedure. The staff at our center is dedicated to making your surgical experience the best it can be. Your comments and opinions are important to us! If you have a comment or suggestion, please feel free to call our Quality Manager at (706) 738-4925.


text:
Q: Non-exhaustive patterns in function which is exhaustively defined So i've come across this particular error. Searched the web but didn't find any matches. The weird part is that I can't understand how can it be non-exhaustive.
Here are the functions in cause:
myand :: [Bool] -> Bool
myand (x:xs) | null (x:xs) = True
             | null xs = x
             | otherwise = x && myand xs

myor :: [Bool] -> Bool
myor (x:xs) | null(x:xs) = False
            | null xs = x
            | otherwise = x || myor xs

safetail :: [a] -> [a]
safetail (x:xs) |null (x:xs) = []
                |otherwise = xs

These are very simple functions, defined in files, and all are generating the exception when I try to run them with the empty list.
Example run:
*Main> myor [True]
True
*Main> myor []
*** Exception: tp2.hs:(10,1)-(12,38): Non-exhaustive patterns in function myor
*Main> myor [True, False, True]
True

Weirdest part is the first two were running fine yesterday - and also generate the same error if "null (x:xs)" is substituted by "length (x:xs) == 0". I also find it interesting that the null (x:xs) = True works for the recursive case but not for the pure empty list case

A: Rewriting these to use conditionals instead of guards, we get
myand (x:xs) = if null (x:xs) then True
               else if null xs then x
               else x && myand xs

myor (x:xs) = if null(x:xs) then False
              else if null xs then x
              else x || myor xs

safetail (x:xs) = if null (x:xs) then []
                  else xs

It is pretty clear that each definition has exactly one clause, with the pattern x:xs, and x:xs does not match the empty list.
(Note that null (x:xs) is never True, since x:xs is a list with at least one element.)
These are what you intended to match:
myand [] = True
myand [x] = x
myand (x:xs)  = x && myand xs

myor [] = False
myor [x] = x
myor (x:xs)  = x || myor xs

safetail [] = []
safetail (_:xs) = xs

Also note that myand and myor only need two clauses.
The reason that your functions don't fail when recursion reaches the empty list is that it doesn't reach it, due to your "exactly one element" guard, null xs.
myand [] = True
myand (x:xs)  = x && myand xs

myor [] = False
myor (x:xs)  = x || myor xs

A: The problem is very apparent in Visual Studio Code / Haskell Language Server:

The item (x:xs) doesn't match [], since (x:xs) implies that it has at least one value:
matchit (x:xs) = "Match 1"
matchit lst = "Match 2"

-- matchit [] == "Match 2"
-- matchit [1] == "Match 1"
-- matchit [1,2] == "Match 1"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Best Father Ever Coffee Mug Funny for Father's Day Gift for Dad or Fat – Monkeytailz Fun Stuff!
The best gifts are both personal and functional, and that's why this FATHER COFFEE MUG is a fantastic choice. You can also dress the mug up even more by placing additional gifts inside, such as stickers, magnets, candies and chocolates, or coffee grounds and tea bags.


At Quest, our primary goal is to provide supplementary educational courses to help support and complement the education children receive at home or through other schooling. Courses range from the core subjects; like science and math, to electives; like photography and dance and include everything in between.
Call (520) 818-8064 or send us an email at office@questforeducationandarts.com to arrange for a visit! We will give you a tour and answer any questions you might have. If courses have already started, please review the Course Catalog to see if there is a particular course that interests you, then send us an email letting us know! If available, we will arrange for you to meet the instructor and sit in on a session. If courses have not yet started, please go to the next step.
Once you've figured out which courses you'd like to attend, Register Online to hold your spot. Don't worry if you later find out the class isn't working for you, you will be able to drop the class. Alternatively, if the class is full but you really want to take it, still attend the class for the first week to see if a spot opens up!
Are you registered for courses? The next step is to attend orientation. If you have registered for a course, then you will receive an email about a week before the Orientation date that will link you to the form to register for a timeslot. At orientation, you will receive valuable information about Quest, along with a directory, a calendar, access codes, have your photo taken for ID badges, and more!
You may be surprised to know that Quest is non-profit business and does not charge for services. Because of this, Quest runs completely on donations from many wonderful, generous people like you.There are many ways to give, please visit our page Ways to Invest in Quest to see all the various ways you can help keep this amazing program running.


Offering an outdoor pool and free bikes, Casa Chamac is located in Barra de Navidad. Free WiFi access is available in this holiday home. At Casa Chamac you will find a terrace. Other facilities offered at the property include a shared lounge and laundry facilities. The property offers free parking.


Library¿s unique and historical materials and curating digital content.
* Manage a growing digital image collection and its metadata.
* Assist with prioritization of collections for digitization and manage the digitization schedule.
* Coordinate outsourced projects with vendors; implement internal quality checks for deliverables.
* Develop efficient workflow models for in-house digitization and scan-on-demand services.
* Develop online exhibits and programming to promote the digital special collections.
* Advise the Special Collections Manager on issues related to the Library¿s digital assets management system (DAMS), the DAMS as it relates to the OPAC, and other discovery tools.
* Stay apprised of current and future trends and technology for digital collections, cataloging, and digital preservation.
* Participate in a new Advisory Board to strengthen DCPL¿s digitization program, explore digital access partnerships, and keep pace with best practices and new technology.
* Provide customer service both virtually and in Special Collections¿ Reading rooms.
* specialized training preferred and/or experience in digitization.
* Experience with relevant software and an application is preferred (i.e. XML, HTML, EAD, MARC, Dublin Core, Archivists' Toolkit, CONTENTdm, CollectiveAccess, VuFind, and general open source software).


If sardines produced a horror film, the vicious serial killer would be a sailfish. Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), named for their sail-like dorsal fins, brandish elongated knifelike bills and swim at speeds up to 110 kilometers per hour—12 times faster than Michael Phelps. The function of the pointy bill eluded scientists, though some argued sailfish wield the appendages as a weapon when hunting schooling fish.