I am a Kentucky "ex-patriot" of sorts and also a former Ace contributor. If anyone doubts my Kentucky credentials, please tell them I witnessed Laettner stomping Timberlake. I'm still angry about this. Go Big Blue!
At first I was curious as to why Ace, a publication based in the Bluegrass, would be at all interested in an insider's take on the Minnesota's Senate Race. On one hand the race is ongoing, incredibly vicious, insanely expensive, and most perhaps the most controversial senate race in the country.
So what? Your readers are in Kentucky! You've got Mitch McConnell.
He was involved in the second most vicious, expensive and controversial senate race in the country. Known as the "Kentucky kingmaker" in some circles (known as "King Douche" to the rest of the country,) McConnell has been making Kentucky look bad for many years. He won by a very narrow 5.8%. His previous victories in 1984 and 1990 were just as slim. What's it going to take to get rid of that guy? The answer may lie here in Minnesota. It may not. How will it end?
Surprise! I have no updates for you so I looked up a couple of stats. I learned today that Minnesota had the highest voter turnout in the Nation at 77.8% (+ or – the ones that the judge lets in for the recount). This would explain why I had to wait in line 2 1/2 hours to vote this year. This number is no exaggeration. What are the only lines I have waited in longer?
The Rolling Stones (1989) – 12 hours.
U.K. enrollment before real computers (1990) – 3 hours.
Some damned roller coaster that she "just had to ride" (1991) 3 hours.
I have to say I felt very patriotic on that Tuesday and I have not a single regret even though my district really didn't need my vote as it's annoyingly liberal.
Again, no updates. Some very good patriots ("Civic Minded Angels" as we all call them) are still recounting votes. What would that be like? In my mind it goes something like this… Scene – A man sits under a dimly lit light bulb at a table piled with ballots. He combs both hands through his thick brown hair and sighs. He places his elbows on the table and his face in his hands. He sobs quietly. Why the hell did he sign up for this? This was not volunteering! Why did he have to recount the votes again? None of it made any sense. None of the ballots made sense. What did they mean? Just look at this one. Is this an ink mark or is it a smudge? He's certain it was a smudge…maybe it was…And what was this one? Who the hell turned this in? Oh crap…what number was he on? Good Lord! The swirling thoughts came crashing down and he was now longer able to think. He felt a deep void from within and then it hit him… Didn't we elect a professional wrestler a few years ago?!!!???!!! What the Hell? That's it, I'm finished! Screw your civic duties!
"The Douche" leads by 188 votes. 188 votes.
All policy-making for the next 6 years will be decided by something less than half of one percent. This is a mind-boggling percentage, but no one really has time to think about it because it's Monday and we have to get to work and it's really really cold here.
It's 33 below today with the wind chill…The lawyers are poised. The papers are still flooded with daily editorials from angry old people. "The Douche" is still leading Franken. I heard this on the radio because my Minneapolis Star Tribune delivery has stopped. I haven't paid in months and they finally pulled the plug on me. Why? I stopped paying back in October when they officially supported "The Douche" for Minnesota State Senate. How and why a newspaper feels a need to support any candidate is beyond me. Oh, I forgot–to appease their Liberal readers, they also supported Obama…could they be more transparent? I am a big boy. I know I am the jerk here and I will pay The Star Tribune their money but really, it was a subscription tele-marketed to my wife as a "free trial." (She was pregnant and half asleep during that call) Screw 'em! Don't worry, The Star Tribune is selling more papers than ever. They even have a ballot re-counter and headline-updater for your Facebook page! What on earth would we do without that? My theory is that without the newspaper's support, "The Douche" would not have gotten so many votes. Lots of morons vote a certain way because someone else tells them who to vote for.
The family is in from Kentucky. They are not sure how to deal with the cold or the politics. Franken is ahead in the polls for the first time in the recount. He holds a 188-vote lead! Is that not a strange number? It was the same lead that "The Douche" held over a week ago. It is exciting news—-however, I must explain to my family that the news here is no longer real. You cannot believe anything. They understand because, like many Americans, they have not believed anything for 8 years. Still–188 votes! That's just strange. Chaos ensues. Both Franken and "The Douche" issue press releases urging voters to remain calm. The pointlessness of blogging becomes a daily part of life for those with absolutely no influence on the process at this point. Angry old people send in the letters. The recount continues! The people of Minnesota have spoken, but what have we said? My Dad laughs at me because the dog left a turd on the sidewalk again and it's frozen solid.
No updates. I begin to feel a bit guilty for not using the proper name for the incumbent. By using the nickname "The Douche," I realize I'm coming off as childish and inappropriate. I am a bigger person than that. So, in good faith, I dusted off the thesaurus in search of something more suitable, only to find there is no other word for "douche." Look it up. It's true. Look – the biggest reason "The Douche" angers me is that he used to be a Democrat, and once elected "changed" parties! Regardless of your party YOU CAN'T DO THAT! This happened a while back. People seem to have forgotten. Who would have guessed it? This guy is so very Republican that you could not possibly believe it. The National Republican Convention was held over in St. Paul where he was the former Democratic mayor. Coincidence? Nope. You see, they are grooming "The Douche." You will see him on the national stage in 2112 along with Tim Pawlenty (Our Republican Governor) somehow. Pawlenty was initially on the short list before McCain surprised the nation by announcing "what's her face" as his VP running mate. OK look- I could present you with many facts related to the blunders that "The Douche" has supported. I could go on about his record of voting with Bush, his shady contributions from health plans, his support of war, how he has strangled the state by not supporting tax raises (taxes that fund roads and bridges…remember the interstate bridge that fell into the Mississippi River last year? Yup, that was here.) but it's pointless. It's a recount…there's nothing you can do.
Republicans or Democrats will try to cast doubt on Minnesota's electoral process depending on who wins.
Eric Levy was a contributing Ace writer in the 90s and now lives in Minneapolis.
Next articleWhat's a Billy Gotta Do?


Rotary's motto is "Service above Self".
Club Service focuses on making a strong and active club. As a thriving club, WEGO is anchored by strong relationships, fellowship, meetings in person, online discussions, projects and an active membership development.
Vocational Service calls on every Rotarian to work with integrity and contribute their expertise to the problems and needs of society. WEGO encourages professional development and sharing your knowledge of your vocation.
Community Service encourages every Rotarian to find ways to improve the quality of life for people in their communities and to serve the public interest. WEGO strives to stimulate, incubate and develop educational, humanitarian and vocational initiatives.
International Service promotes peace and understanding around the globe through partners. WEGO sponsors or volunteers on international projects fighting diseases, providing clean water, growing economies, saving mothers and children and supporting education.
New Generation Services empowers youth and young professionals through leadership development programs such as Rotaract, Interact, Rotary Youth Leadership Awards, and Rotary Youth Exchange. WEGO also supports numerous youth community programs.
Rotary advocates for peace and goodwill throughout the world. WEGO supports causes such as the eradication Polio and Malaria. Through our network of global partners, we leverage our member's expertise bringing hope and resources to bear where it is needed most.


a) Write activity reports and keep records of the same.
In-depth understanding of media self regulation, press freedom and freedom of expression issues; Broad knowledge of the Tanzania media sector dynamics; Strong managerial and administrative skills; Proven experience and competence in advocacy work; Ability to lead in a participatory, rolhip-your sleeves manner; Strong analytical skills; Solid communication skills, both written and oral, in English and Kiswahili, and ability to produce concise reports; Excellent attention to detail; Results oriented; Ability to proactively work independently with minimum supervision, and as an effective team member.
Closing date is February 28, 2019.


text:
Q: Outgrowing cron: what's the next scheduler? We've been using cron for about as long as I can remember to handle all of our job scheduling needs.  Everything from storage clones/snapshots to reports against databases to daily system reports to monitoring checks are scheduled across a few hundred servers via cron.
The drawbacks are pretty obvious: difficult to manage jobs, no easy way to create dependencies (especially across different servers), and, of course, it is inevitable that someone "temporarily" skips a job but later forgets to remove the comment.
We tried a commercial offering, but in the end it was deemed too expensive as a step up from cron.
I see other options out there, such as SLURM, Oracle Grid Engine, Torque/Maui, Quartz, DIET, Condor which appear to be geared toward larger, more homogeneous cluster environments with jobs which would run on any number of similar nodes: grid computing and the like.  Our environment is fairly mixed (various Linuxes, AIX, and FreeBSD), and we need to create dependencies across different types of systems (e.g. a job on a Linux box may need to determine whether a job on an AIX box should run.)
Does anyone have any experience moving from cron to a more centrally-managed offering?  Any tips for choosing the software or whether it is better to go open source or commercial?

A: Chronos looks very promising.

Chronos is Airbnb's replacement for cron. It is a distributed and fault-tolerant scheduler that runs on top of Apache Mesos. You can use it to orchestrate jobs. It supports custom Mesos executors as well as the default command executor. Thus by default, Chronos executes sh (on most systems bash) scripts. Chronos can be used to interact with systems such as Hadoop (incl. EMR), even if the Mesos slaves on which execution happens do not have Hadoop installed. Included wrapper scripts allow transfering files and executing them on a remote machine in the background and using asynchronous callbacks to notify Chronos of job completion or failures.

I've also head great personal success using Jenkins as a cron replacement. It handles executing jobs on remote servers quite nicely. Here's a writeup on it: http://www.22ideastreet.com/blog/2014/05/02/replace-local-cron-with-jenkins/

A: For the past 4.5 years, I have worked with HP's (nee Opsware) Server Automation platform, and the rest of the Business Technology Optimization suite (Network Automation, Operations Orchestration, etc).
For a large enough environment, job management via SA is a highly-viable (and desirable) tool. In conjunction with OO, jobs can be controlled via change control management, ticketing, etc.
Here's the not-so-fun part: it's pricey (very pricey). You might check some of the suggestions in a similar question I asked a while back: FLOSS Server management and audit tools.
I'd also say that Torque/Maui/Moab (from Adaptive Computing) are very cool: not sure on pricing, but they are highly flexible tools as well.

Disclaimer - I work for a partner of HP BTO and Adaptive

A: NOTE A completely different take on the problem!
cron is old and clunky in certain terms.
If you are indeed looking for new ways to do scheduling I'd try something event based with a messaging middleware. Think RabbitMQ with clients on each server.
Inter Host dependencies can be solved by "notification queues".
"Real" Time based events are a little trickier, that's actually what cron is for (and is quite good at, at least regarding small environments). Where it get's tricky to get hold of the idea is to prevent hickups. Like in: every night at 0100h do a snapshot. You might see some load spikes or a lot of failing logins at that very moment thruought your whole infrastructure. If you have a queue based a approach you'll get at least some deviation for free (although it's not guaranteed -- unless some logic implements that).
The thing to get around is that without real time based jobs you can't rely on things like: yeah my backups will start at 0200h and if they still run on 0400h something's wrong. What's easier to do is making sure that no 2 jobs that interfere are run at the same time. Just make a blocking agent that will only consume one job at a time.
The managing part would be some nice web interface where jobs could be submitted either on-demand, or -- now it get's back to "cron" or your favorite implementation of it the java quartz scheduler has a granularity on seconds AFAIK -- for the time based part just use good old cron :)
Please don't downvote me for being OT -- it's a rather rough concept but since the question doesn't rule out money one might as well spend the money to get the solution for the exact in-house requirements by creating something rather than spending the money by buying something where a vendor thinks that it fullfills some requirements :)

A: Condor, OGE, and Torque can all get you there but only Condor has built-in dependency management with it's DAGMan tool. DAGMan lets you set up a directed, acyclic graph that describes your work flow and the manager takes care of moving through jobs in your workflow and evaluating pass/fail results at each step in the flow. Condor is relatively platform agnostic, which means DAGMan is too, and you can certainly have one child step run on AIX when the parent ran on Linux or Windows. DAGMan isn't concerned with where jobs run, just that exit codes are pass or fail.

Any tips for choosing the software or whether it is better to go open source or commercial?

With some caveats I think the free communities in this space are well worth looking at.
OGE is in a weird space now. It's no longer free to run the Oracle-produced GE variant and Oracle is no longer contributing code it writes back to the GE SCC, but there are several forks of the code that exist that are trying to soldier on as free, open source projects. Univa in particular has lead the charge, hiring ex-Sun GE devs to continue to work on an open source, freely available GE variant. Grid Engine has two things going for it: it's easy to setup, it can handle short running (<2 minute) jobs without imparting a lot of scheduling overhead on the jobs that slows down throughput. It's big downside is there is not very good support for Windows. Some of us put some efforts in to porting it to run on Cygwin many years ago, but it's not as good as native that's for sure.
Now Condor is my favourite of the three technologies you mentioned. There's a strong community around Condor and the software is very mature (>20 years old now). Native Windows and POSIX OS support means it runs all over the place very well. The aforementioned DAGMan is just one of the many great pieces that come with Condor. It can be a touch complicated to set up, but once it's up and running it's rock solid. It has an incredibly flexible language for doing job <-> machine matching and building your use rules for your resources. It also supports dynamic provisioning on machines, letting jobs select how much of machines resources they need and then re-advertising the difference as being still available. It supports global resource counters so you can constrain against things like software licenses. And of course, it has DAGMan, which is an incredibly powerful tool for workflow management. The downside to Condor is the scheduling overhead for short-running jobs can be burdensome. You want jobs that run longer than 2 minutes ideally, otherwise scheduling starts to become a big part of the job's time in the system.
Torque is a little more niche. I know less about it I'm afraid. It compares more to Grid Engine than Condor. There are paid add-ons that @warren mentioned that can expand what the basic, free Torque can do.
If you want to try out the three technologies and see how they work with your specific workloads, CycleCloud can spin up secure, virtualized, pools that are pre-configured with Condor, GridEngine or Torque -- so no time spent in figuring that stuff out on your part. It'd be a few dollars to spin up small pools of each technology and try them with representative workloads. (Disclaimer: I work for Cycle Computing, we make CycleCloud)

A: I've used Espresso (Cybermation) from CA. Not sure what they're calling it now. I've also used UC4. They both work, cost a lot of money (to my understanding), and can be a bear to maintain, but they do what it says on the tin.
/Edit - missed that you say that commercial apps are too expensive. I can definitely agree, but for some companies, it's worth it, especially when it's for business applications that make money.

A: I've worked with the Open Source Job Scheduler as an option to replace a 2000+ line central crontab in a production environment. Things got so complicated with cron, that we could not determine what downtime windows were or how to deal with inter-server dependencies. This product helped, but was a bit complex to setup.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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What We Know About Maurice Sendak's Partying Pig Book
'Where The Wild Things Are' creator returns with first book in almost 30 years
By Ray Gustini
Fans of googly-eyed monsters and the active senior lifestyle rejoice: 82-year-old Where The Wild Things Are creator Maurice Sendak has a new book coming out this fall called Bumble Ardy, the first one he's both written and illustrated since 1981's Outside Over There. Here's what we know so far about the project, which Sendak revealed this morning in an interview with The Wall Street Journal's Katherine Rosman.
It will be about pigs--pigs who like to party
No little kids or wild rumpus-causing monsters in this one. The main character is Bumble, an orphaned 9-year-old pig who "invites over a styful of pigs for a costume party" and gets more than he bargained for when they start going wild. (The character was originally supposed to be a human boy but Sendak "changed the character's species, reasoning that "boys tend, generally speaking, to be pigs."
It will be loosely based on this 1971 Sesame Street animated short

It will probably be scary
In 2009, Sendak told parents who thought the Where The Wild Things Are movie was too scary that they could "go to hell." Keeping with the spirit of these remarks, The Journal reports Ardy's birth parents are slaughtered and eaten in the book's prologue.
The pigs will drink brine, not wine.
Sendak changed the drunk pigs beverage of choice from wine to brine. "I didn't think I could get away with wine in this day and age," he explained.
It will be a pretty big children's publishing event
Publishing house HarperCollins has ordered an initial 500,000 copy print run. By way of comparison, last year's Caldecott winner, A Sick Day For Amos Lee, had 100,000.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The climatic changes of the glacial cycles are thought to have been a major driver of population declines and species extinctions. However, studies to date have focused on terrestrial fauna and there is little understanding of how marine species responded to past climate change. Here we show that a true Arctic species, the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), shifted its range and tracked its core suitable habitat northwards during the rapid climate change of the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Late Pleistocene lineages survived into the Holocene and effective female population size increased rapidly, concurrent with a threefold increase in core suitable habitat. This study highlights that responses to climate change are likely to be species specific and difficult to predict. We estimate that the core suitable habitat of bowhead whales will be almost halved by the end of this century, potentially influencing future population dynamics.
Climate change is a major selective force that can cause population declines or extinctions1,2,3,4. Darwin was one of the first to suggest that species could avoid extinction and remain in evolutionary stasis by tracking suitable habitat northwards and southwards during glacial cycles5. However, studies of ancient DNA (aDNA) have found that changes in numerous species' distribution during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene transition were caused by the extinction of populations outside of isolated habitat refugia1,6,7. This is often associated with a loss of genetic diversity7, which is concerning because northwards habitat shifts are a common and global consequence of contemporary ongoing climate change8,9,10. However, most aDNA studies have been based on terrestrial species and little is known about the responses of marine species to climate change during the glacial cycles11.
The bowhead whale is a true Arctic species that remains in polar waters throughout the year12. Like the polar bear, it is a sentinel species of the Arctic marine ecosystem due to its dependence on the sea ice13,14. Bowhead whales specialize in feeding on copepods and euphausiids, which are associated with primary production around the sea ice12,13,14. This ecological specialization and a long lifespan15 make the bowhead whale a poor candidate for adapting to rapid climate change13,14; thus the species is listed by the International Whaling Commission as being vulnerable to climate-induced disturbance16. However, bowhead whales are known to travel long distances within relatively short timescales17,18, which should enable the tracking of suitable habitat even in fast-changing environments. Radiocarbon dates of subfossil bowhead whales also suggest changes in presence and absence in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago that may be due to climate-induced range contractions and expansions during the Holocene19.
Although bowhead whales are currently separated into five geographical stocks for management purposes, there is little genetic evidence of population structuring. Sea ice does, therefore, not appear to have been a barrier to movement between stocks, even those in different ocean basins, during warmer periods of the Holocene20,21. Previous aDNA studies have found that genetic diversity was maintained throughout the Holocene, despite bowheads being heavily exploited across their range by whalers20,22. Modelled projections based on Holocene data suggest that effective female population size increased in the Late Pleistocene20,23. However, it is not known whether these predicted changes in demography reflect changes in connectivity or overall population size11. Ancient DNA analysis of samples from the Late Pleistocene would allow the direct measurement of genetic parameters through this period of rapid climate change and potentially the inference of the underlying processes11.
Here we present a multi-disciplinary study that utilizes aDNA and habitat suitability modelling to provide the first analysis of population dynamics of a marine species using a Late Pleistocene aDNA data set. Specifically, we use aDNA to verify the species identification of subfossils catalogued as bowhead whales based on morphology, but which could be right whales given their southerly distribution and the difficulty in distinguishing between the two taxa based on some morphological traits24. We model the distribution of the preferred habitat of the bowhead whale during the Late Pleistocene using paleoclimate data from the Last Glacial Maximum to investigate if the distribution of bowhead whale subfossils matched the predicted range. We test the hypothesis that, as with other Holarctic species, the bowhead whale would have suffered a demographic decline during the rapid climate change of the Late Pleistocene. We compare the genetic composition of Late Pleistocene samples south of 59°N with Early Holocene samples found North of 75°N to investigate whether these southern bowhead whales repopulated the Arctic following the retreat of the permanent sea ice. Finally, we use predicted climatic data to estimate the change in the distribution and extent of core suitable habitat for the bowhead whale by the end of this century.
We carried out aDNA analysis on 44 subfossil bone samples that had been morphologically identified as possible bowhead whales. These samples originated from an area south of 59°N, over 1,000 km south of the current Arctic range of the bowhead whale11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22. We successfully genetically identified the species of 27 ancient samples, of which 15 were bowhead whales (Supplementary Fig. S1). These southern bowhead whale samples were all radiocarbon dated to the Late Pleistocene (Fig. 1). In contrast, nine of the younger, Holocene, samples from the same geographic range were genetically identified as the closely related North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) (Fig. 1, Supplementary Fig. S1), which occupies a more temperate climatic niche (Fig. 2a). This presence/pseudo-absence data strongly imply that the bowhead whale was replaced by its sister species, the right whale, at this latitude during the start of the Holocene. The North Atlantic right whale sequences were new haplotypes for this species, but clustered with previously sequenced haplotypes from the western North Atlantic stock, suggesting there may have been low population structuring between the eastern and western North Atlantic (Supplementary Fig. S2).
Figure 1: Changes in species occurrence during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition.
Ancient DNA analysis of radiocarbon-dated balaenid subfossils identified the occurrence of a true Arctic species, the bowhead whale, south of 59°N during the Pleistocene, which is then replaced by the right whale during the Holocene. Insert shows a map of the study area and locations of the samples used in this study: Late Pleistocene bowhead whale subfossil samples (blue squares); Early Holocene bowhead whale subfossil samples22 (blue circles); and Early Holocene right whale subfossils (purple circles).
Figure 2: Modelled predictions of suitable habitat.
Predicted suitable habitat for right whales during (a) the Last Glacial Maximum and (b) the Holocene; and for bowhead whales during (c) the Last Glacial Maximum and (d) the Holocene. Red areas correspond to core suitable habitat as defined in the Supplementary Methods. Locations of the samples used in this study are marked as: Late Pleistocene bowhead whale subfossil samples (blue squares); Early Holocene bowhead whale subfossil samples22 (blue circles); and Early Holocene right whale subfossils (purple squares).
The distribution of the Late Pleistocene bowhead whale subfossils overlapped with areas of core suitable habitat, which were predicted using AquaMaps25 based on climate data from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; Fig. 2c). During this period, much of the bowhead whale's current range would have been inaccessible due to the extent of the permanent sea ice (Fig. 2c), and so could not have supported a refugial population. The occurrence of early Holocene subfossils in the high Arctic20,22 also overlapped with the predicted geographic range of suitable habitat for bowhead whales during the Holocene (Fig. 2d). The most southerly bowhead whale samples, found off the coast of the Netherlands, were also the oldest (>30,000 years BP). No bowhead whales were dated to the LGM, during which most of the North Sea would have been dry land26. The younger bowhead whale samples (10,000–14,000 years BP) were all found around northern Denmark and southern Sweden (Supplementary Table S1).
We compared the Late Pleistocene samples with two data sets from the Arctic dated to the Early Holocene19,22 to determine whether the southern lineages repopulated the Arctic following the rapid climate change that occurred between these sampling periods. The first comparison with 34 samples from Svalbard22, which is almost directly north of the locations of our Late Pleistocene subfossils, revealed four shared haplotypes and no significant differentiation (ΦST=0.008, P=0.252) between the two time periods (Fig. 3). The second comparison with a data set of Early Holocene subfossils from the Central Canadian Arctic20 identified three shared haplotypes and no significant differentiation (ΦST=0.003, P=0.473) between the two time periods.
Figure 3: Survival of bowhead whale lineages during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition.
A haplotype network illustrates the survival of the lineages of bowhead whales found south of 59°N during the Late Pleistocene through to the early Holocene, when bowhead whales were found in their current Arctic range. The haplotype network is stratified into two time periods: the top network (blue) indicates data from the Late Pleistocene and the lower network (green) indicates data from the Early Holocene22. Vertical lines link haplotypes found in both time periods. Circles are proportional to haplotype frequency in that time period. White circles indicate haplotypes found in one time period, but not the other; black circles indicate inferred haplotypes.
The Late Pleistocene bowhead whale sequences were compared with a data set of 99 Holocene bowhead whale sequences from subfossils collected from Svalbard in the Arctic22. The skyline plot estimated from these sequences (Fig. 4) did not detect any loss of genetic diversity due to a founder effect in early Holocene Arctic bowhead whales. This is contrary to predictions arising from the leading-edge model of post-glacial expansion4,27. Conversely, using coalescent-based estimation of changes in effective female population size through time, based on a data set of 114 radiocarbon-dated mitochondrial DNA sequences of bowhead whales spanning 50,000 years, we detect an approximately sixfold increase during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (Fig. 4). Therefore, bowhead whales are an unusual case study, as most terrestrial Holarctic mammals that have been studied using aDNA went through demographic declines or went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene1,3,7. The area of predicted suitable core habitat of bowhead whales tripled during the rapid climate transition between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (Fig. 2c), concurrent with the detected increase in effective population size (Fig. 4).
Figure 4: Skyline plot showing temporal changes in genetic diversity in bowhead whales.
The x axis is in calendar years; the y axis is the product of effective population size and generation time (Neτ). The temporal span of the radiocarbon-dated samples used in this analysis is shown as vertical lines below the x axis; each line represents one dated individual.
There has been a significant linear warming of the upper 300 m of the world's oceans in recent decades28,29. This increase is almost twice as large in Arctic waters due to Arctic amplification, a feedback mechanism whereby the loss of sea ice increases the rate of temperature rise, which in turn increases the rate of loss of sea ice29. As a consequence, it is expected that sea ice will further and rapidly diminish from Arctic waters in the next few decades. Modelling future habitat distribution using AquaMaps25, we predict a loss of almost 50% of core suitable habitat for bowhead whales by the year 2100 (Fig. 5).
Figure 5: Changes in predicted bowhead whale core suitable habitat by the year 2100.
Red areas are predicted to be lost by 2100, green areas are predicted to become core suitable habitat by the year 2100 and turquoise areas are not expected to change in habitat suitability.
Our analysis of the population dynamics of bowhead whales has documented the survival of lineages through the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, with evidence of an increase in effective female population size concurrent with a shift in geographic distribution. This is in contrast with many terrestrial Holarctic mammals, which suffered population declines or went extinct altogether during the Late Pleistocene1,3,4,6,7,26,30. Cold-adapted Arctic species are thought to have been in a contraction phase and living in refugia during inter-glacials such as the Holocene1,4,6. However, our findings of increases in both core suitable habitat and effective female population size during the Holocene suggest that bowhead whales do not follow this pattern, providing further evidence that responses to climate change are likely to vary among species3. The ability to adapt to climate-induced shifts in habitat distribution may therefore sometimes depend on changes in the amount, rather than distribution, of suitable habitat available for a species. Additionally, the lower energetic cost of movement may make habitat tracking more feasible for marine than terrestrial species31.
It is also important to consider that population structuring of bowhead whales and other Arctic marine mammals is likely to have changed during the climatic shifts of the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene transition11. Bowhead whales in the Atlantic and Pacific were probably isolated from each other by the ice sheets during the Late Pleistocene32. In contrast, the Northwest Passage was thought to be open to bowhead whales at the start of the Holocene, with the greatest frequency of bowhead subfossils in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago occurring between 11,000 and 9,000 years ago32. Previous aDNA studies of the bowhead whale showed that there has been connectivity between the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas, the Central Canadian Arctic and Svalbard-Barents Sea stocks during periods of the Holocene20,21,22. Therefore, the increase detected in effective female population size at the end of the Pleistocene may be linked to habitat increase, but may also reflect an increase in connectivity between the Atlantic and the Pacific. The lack of genetic differentiation between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene samples suggests we were unable to detect potential recent migrants from the Pacific. Given the substitution rate of 2 × 10−7 substitutions per site per year33 and a separation of stocks lasting approximately 10,000 years during the LGM, we would not expect sufficient sequence divergence to be generated between Pacific and Atlantic bowhead whales to be able to distinguish between them.
Given the lack of phylogeographic structure in this species, we are unable to conclusively determine the relative contribution of the Late Pleistocene samples included in this study to the repopulation of the northern habitats. However, we can make some inferences. Previous studies suggested that the Arctic habitat of the bowhead whale was unavailable to them while it was glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum. From 99 samples found around Svalbard, three were dated to 40,000–51,000 years BP, the remainder were dated to 11,000 years BP or younger22. Furthermore, all of the >400 bowhead whale remains found in the Canadian Arctic were radiocarbon dated to 10,500 years BP or younger19. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the bowhead whales that contributed to the Holocene populations survived in northern refugial populations during the Late Pleistocene. Following deglaciation, the waters around Svalbard would have been reoccupied by bowhead whales from either more southerly waters in the Atlantic or from the Pacific. Therefore, some northerly movement and large-scale migrations must have taken place. A genetic study of bowhead whale subfossils from along the coast of Norway as the sea ice retreated would shed further light on how bowhead whale lineages tracked the retreating ice sheets.
The potential relationship between the extent of core suitable habitat and effective female population size has implications for bowhead whale conservation, given our prediction of a 50% decrease in core suitable habitat by the year 2100. The extreme depletion of the North Atlantic bowhead population through whaling over the past three centuries may mean that population growth is unlikely to be constrained by habitat availability in the immediate future. Nevertheless, if population responses to past climatic change are indicative of future responses, cumulative impacts related to climate change and the associated habitat loss may eventually limit the carrying capacity of bowhead whale populations. Furthermore, if populations respond to ongoing directional climate change by shifting their distribution northwards to track the retreating sea ice, then the endangered Okhotsk Sea population may become increasingly isolated and vulnerable11. Therefore, as with other Arctic species dependent on sea ice such as polar bears34, measures to mitigate climate change and sea ice reduction are needed if bowhead whales are to be effectively conserved.
Subfossil baleen whale samples were sampled following the protocol outlined in McLeod et al.20, from collections held at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen; Natural History Museum, Rotterdam; Gothenburg Museum of Natural History; Gothenburg Stadsmuseum; Vendsyssel Historical Museum; Museumcenter, Hanstholm; and Natural History Museum of Aarhus. Previous genetic studies have shown that bowhead whale B. mysticetus and right whale E. glacialis skeletal remains cannot always be reliably distinguished based on morphology24. Given that many of our samples were from vertebrae, from which curators suggested they could not conclusively distinguish among taxa, species identification was molecularly determined using aDNA protocols. All laboratory work on unamplified DNA was carried out in a designated clean lab, set up specifically for aDNA analyses. Blank DNA extractions and PCRs were incorporated to monitor for contamination. No modern whale DNA was present in the same building. Workflow conformed to aDNA protocols, that is, individuals did not return to the clean lab on the same day following working in post-PCR areas. All post-PCR laboratory work on amplified DNA was conducted in a separate laboratory facility. DNA was extracted and purified from approximately 0.01–0.19 g (sample dependent) of powdered bone. Blank extractions were included every five samples to monitor for contamination. PCR amplification of 219 bp of the hypervariable region of the mtDNA d-loop was conducted using primer pairs fwd1 5′-TTCACTACGGGAAGTTAAAGCTCG-3′ and rev1 5′-GGAGCGGCCATAGGATTCAGTTG-3′; fwd2 5′-CCGCTCCATTAGATCACGAG-3′ and rev2 5′-CTGAAGTAAGAACCAGATGTCT-3′; fwd3 5′-CAGGGATCCCTCTTCTCGCA-3′ and rev3 5′-CCATCGWGATGTCTTATTTAAGRGGAA-3′ resulting in two non-contiguous fragments corresponding to positions 15,676–15,753 and 15,791–15,927 of the bowhead whale mitochondrial genome. Each 25 μl PCR contained 5 μl of extracted DNA, 1 × buffer, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM of each primer, 1 mM mixed dNTPs and 0.2 μl AmpliTaq Gold enzyme (Applied Biosystems). PCR amplifications were performed using an MJ Thermocycler with a 4 min activation step at 95 °C, followed by 50 cycles of 95 °C for 20 s, 54 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 20 s, followed by a final extension period of 72 °C for 7 min. PCR negative controls without DNA were included for every three samples amplified to monitor for contamination during the PCR set up. To guard against the incorporation of erroneous data derived from DNA damage or contamination, the PCR amplification and sequencing process was replicated twice for each sample. The amplified PCR products were purified using a Qiagen MinElute PCR purification kit. The product was cloned with the Invitrogen TA cloning system, and 16 colonies per sample were sequenced with the commercial facility offered by Macrogen (Seoul, Korea).
Species identification was determined by comparing with sequences in GenBank using the BLAST algorithm (see Supplementary Table S1) and by building a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree performed using PHYML 3.0 (ref. 35). The HKY model of nucleotide substitution36 was selected based on the Bayesian information criterion using Modelgenerator37. The transition/transversion ratio, the proportion of invariable sites, the gamma distribution and the starting tree, estimated using a BIONJ algorithm38, were also estimated by PHYML 3.0. The reliability of the optimized tree was estimated using the approximate Likelihood Ratio Test method with Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like support39 (Supplementary Fig. S1). Sequences identified as right whale were aligned by eye with previously published right whales DNA sequences from GenBank, and these were built into a phylogenetic tree as above (Supplementary Fig. S2). Sequences identified as bowhead whale were aligned by eye with previously published bowhead whales DNA sequences from samples from Svalbard dated to the early Holocene (11,000–8,500 BP)22 and visualized as a heterochronous parsimony network using TempNet (ref. 40). To estimate population history, a Bayesian skyline analysis was conducted using the phylogenetic software BEAST v1.7.2 (ref. 41). The HKY+G model of nucleotide substitution36 was selected based on the Bayesian information criterion using Modelgenerator37, with rate heterogeneity among sites modelled using a discrete gamma distribution with six rate categories. Population history was inferred using the Bayesian skyline plot with six groups of coalescent intervals. Estimates of the substitution rate and coalescence times were calibrated using the radiocarbon ages of the samples. To evaluate whether these sampling times presented sufficient temporal information for calibration, we analysed ten replicate data sets in which the sampling times were randomized among sequences42. All ten replicate data sets yielded rate estimates that did not overlap with the mean rate estimated from the original data set, suggesting that the sampling times provide sufficient calibrating information. Posterior distributions of parameters, including the tree, were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Samples were drawn every 5,000 steps over a total of 50,000,000 steps, with the first 10% of samples discarded as burn-in. Convergence to the stationary distribution and sufficient sampling were checked using Tracer v1.5 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer)41. We repeated the analysis using an age-dependent model of post-mortem damage43, but a Bayes factor analysis yielded decisive support for the original model (without post-mortem damage). Furthermore, the 95% credibility interval of the damage parameter included a value of zero, suggesting that there is no evidence of appreciable post-mortem damage in the sequence data. Power analyses to see if the data could be used to compare nucleotide diversity between time periods were conducted following McLeod et al.20, but power was low as previously found by McLeod et al.20 and this comparison is not included here. New mitochondrial sequence data have been deposited at GenBank (Supplementary Table S1).
Several samples had been radiocarbon dated by previous studies44. The remainder were AMS dated at the 14CHRONO Centre, Queens University Belfast. C:N ratio was between 3.2 and 3.4, indicating acceptable preservation of collagen45. The results in Supplementary Table S2 were calibrated using the INTCAL09 Marine modelled curve46. Accounting for a reliable reservoir offset is difficult, as the reservoir may vary through time in single locations and the mammals themselves are migratory species and their protein intake varies, and probably crosses different reservoirs47. For this reason we have corrected the radiocarbon dates using a delta-R value of 0 and estimated an uncertainty of 40 years. For radiocarbon determinations of ~10 ka BP or older this uncertainty makes little overall difference, but of course it can be manifestly more significant for younger measurements. However, it does not alter the conclusions of this paper.
We used the AquaMaps approach (http://www.aquamaps.org) to species distribution modelling for mapping current, potential Pleistocene and future bowhead and North Atlantic right whale ranges48. AquaMaps is a bioclimatic envelope model that combines existing point occurrence data with available expert knowledge on species occurrence in environmental and geographic space to generate large-scale predictions of the relative occurrence of marine species. In this context, habitat usage of species can be described based on a predefined set of environmental parameters including depth, temperature, salinity, primary production and sea ice concentration, which is subsequently projected into geographic space in a global grid of 0.5 degree latitude by 0.5 degree longitude cells. As an environmental niche model, AquaMaps was developed specifically to deal with non-representative sampling of marine species ranges, but also to address the prevailing overall paucity of available point occurrence records by incorporating expert knowledge on species habitat usage.
For bowhead whales specifically, there is currently only a single record available through OBIS (http://www.iobis.org). Similarly, bowhead whale records accessible through GBIF that can be used as input data of species distribution models are almost equally rare: only 11 out of >1,000 bowhead whale specimen records accessible through GBIF (http://www.gbif.org) are identified as geo-referenced observations of live animals (that is, sightings). However, all of these records are clustered along the US Alaskan coastline in the Beaufort Sea, thus making it problematic to directly base predictions of species occurrence in the North Atlantic on these data alone using standard presence-only species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches such as Maxent49. Using AquaMaps allowed the verification of environmental envelope settings, calculated from available point data, and the resulting extrapolated species occurrence in the North Atlantic during an iterative review process involving several species experts. Resulting model outputs are highly consistent with available other range maps such as NOAA (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/rangemaps/bowheadwhale.pdf) and the IUCN (http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=2467) and checked by colleagues familiar with the distribution of this species. Similarly, use of expert knowledge allowed modelling of the pre-exploitation range of North Atlantic right whales, including the Northeastern Atlantic where there are almost no point locality data, as whaling extirpated the species several centuries ago in these waters.
For the purpose of this study, we used a slightly modified version of AquaMaps default, expert-reviewed, envelope settings for both, bowhead and North Atlantic right whales. Specifically we excluded primary production from the model, as there are no data for Pleistocene conditions including this parameter (Supplementary Table S3). Comparisons of Fig. 2d with AquaMaps predictions for bowhead whales, which included this parameter (http://www.aquamaps.org/preMap2.php?cache=1&SpecID=ITS-180533, reviewed version 2012-07-13) and outputs from a similar model using distance from the ice edge as an input parameter (50, p. 164) indicated that model outputs are fairly robust to these changes, resulting in just some localized changes in the relative suitability of habitat.
We projected predictions of relative probability of whale occurrence based on local conditions into geographic space using environmental data for different time periods, assuming no changes in species-specific habitat usage over time. As the climate has been relatively stable throughout the Holocene, with variability being small compared with the difference between glacial cycles51, current environmental conditions were assumed to be representative of conditions throughout the Holocene. Current distribution was based on the compiled standard AquaMaps environmental data, as described by the meta-data available at http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php. Pleistocene environmental conditions reconstructed for the last glacial maximum (~20,000 calendar years before presence) as part of the GLAMAP project52 were used in the hind-casting scenario. We computed mean annual environmental conditions during the Pleistocene based on the available interpolated winter and summer predictions for sea surface temperature and salinity deduced from sediment core data52. As an approximation for mean annual sea ice concentration required as input by the AquaMaps model, we used the mean proportion of time a given cell had been defined to be covered by ice in the GLAMAP data set52. Future annual average environmental conditions for the 2091–2100 decade were based on the Special Report on Emissions A2 climate change scenario53. Applying a presence threshold of 0.6, as indicated by recent validation analysis54, we predict a loss of 47% of core suitable habitat (throughout the whole range) for bowhead whales by the year 2100 and an increase in core suitable habitat of 69% after the end of the Pleistocene.
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We would like to thank Katherine Ann Marske of the Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Kurt Kjær and Kim Aaris-Sørensen of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen; Grethe Leth-Espersen of the Natural History Museum of Aarhus; Per Lysdahl of the Vendsyssel Historical Museum; Randall Reeves of Okapi Wildlife Associates, Canada; Christian Schäfer-Neth of the Alfred-Wegner-Institute, Bremerhaven, for their help with this study. This work was funded by a Marie Curie Actions ITN Fellowship 'KWAF10' grant awarded to A.D.F. and the Danish Basic Research Foundation 'Geogenetics' grant.
A.D.F. and K.K. conceived the study. A.D.F., K.G., F.J., H.E. and K.P. sampled museum collections. A.D.F., S.E.S. and C.S. conducted the genetics lab work. A.D.F. and S.Y.W.H. analysed the DNA data analysis. T.F.G.H. calibrated the radiocarbon dating. K.K., C.G. conducted the habitat modelling. The first draft was written by A.D.F. and K.K. All authors contributed to the final version of the paper.
Correspondence to Andrew D. Foote or Kristin Kaschner.


text:
The opening up of international organizations: transnational access in global governance
Tallberg, Jonas, Sommerer, Thomas, Squatrito, Theresa Jeanne ORCID: 0000-0002-6726-7629 and Jonsson, Christer (2013) The opening up of international organizations: transnational access in global governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. ISBN 9781107325135
Identification Number: 10.1017/CBO9781107325135
Once the exclusive preserve of member states, international organizations have become increasingly open in recent decades. Now virtually all international organizations at some level involve NGOs, business actors and scientific experts in policy-making. This book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of this development. Combining statistical analysis and in-depth case studies, it maps and explains the openness of international organizations across issue areas, policy functions and world regions from 1950 to 2010. Addressing the question of where, how and why international organizations offer transnational actors access to global policy-making, this book has implications for critical issues in world politics. When do states share authority with private actors? What drives the design of international organizations? How do activists and businesses influence global politics? Is civil society involvement a solution to democratic deficits in global governance?
H Social Sciences > HM Sociology
J Political Science > JX International law
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/101740


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THE CONGREGATION, a new cinema vérité documentary by Alan and Susan Raymond, profiles a progressive United Methodist church in the midst of profound change as it struggles with the arrival of a new minister and must reinvent itself under new leadership. Co-produced by WETA Washington, DC, the film airs Wednesday, December 29 from 9:30 to 11:30 p.m. ET (check local listings) on PBS.
Producers Alan and Susan Raymond spent more than two years filming the tumultuous life of The First United Methodist Church of Germantown. Located in a changing Philadelphia neighborhood, it is a racially mixed urban church with a commitment to a ministry of social justice.
Conflict arises upon the arrival of the Reverend Fred Day, a more traditional minister newly appointed to replace a progressive pastor who retired after 37 years of service. The congregation must confront the realities of a divided and dwindling membership and subsequent financial shortfall as they clash over Reverend Day's style of leadership, changes in the order of worship and a perceived shift to a more conservative ministry.
The congregation hires outside consultants to determine whether Reverend Day is the proper selection as pastor and to consider new directions for their church. This eight month process causes further tensions within the congregation as they struggle to decide whether their new senior pastor should remain.
Another ordeal emerges when their associate pastor the Reverend Beth Stroud announces to the congregation that she is a self-avowed practicing homosexual. Although openly admitting her sexual orientation puts her at risk of losing her ministerial credentials, she receives the full support of the congregation in her challenge of church law.
(On December 1, 2004 Reverend Stroud faced a jury of 13 Methodist ministers who voted 12 to 1 to find her guilty of violating the United Methodist Church's ban on self-avowed practicing homosexuals being ordained as ministers. Reverend Stroud's ministerial credentials were removed and she can no longer administer baptisms, marriages or Holy Communion. She remains a lay minister at the First United Methodist Church of Germantown.
Despite the controversy, Reverend Day and the congregation continue their ministry for social justice by participating in anti-Iraq war protests at The National Cathedral in Washington, DC and supporting aids victims in South Africa as they host the Sinikithemba HIV Choir. The importance of teaching the congregation's next generation is shown through Reverend Stroud. In her role as youth minister, she guides the confirmation class and escorts the senior youth group on a community service project in Appalachia.
THE CONGREGATION presents a microcosm of those mainline Protestant churches which have historically supported such causes as civil rights, racial and economic equality, anti-war movements and full inclusion of homosexuals. Churches like the First United Methodist Church of Germantown, itself a long-time standard bearer for such causes, are challenged by declining membership and by more conservative voices from both inside and outside of their denomination. This is a congregation that must persistently fight for both its liberal heritage and financial stability.
THE CONGREGATION offers an intriguing look at the behind-the-scenes work of a church in transition and the intimate stories of its two ministers. It is a complex portrait of a Protestant church moving into the 21st century.
THE CONGREGATION is a co-production of Video Vérité and WETA Washington DC.


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Help the llamas grab flowers along the way. Watch out for the bees, if you hit them, you..


ISLAMABAD — Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Marine Corps Gen. Joseph Dunford and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo met with their Pakistani counterparts Wednesday to try to persuade Islamabad to do more against the terror networks operating within its borders.
The visit came amid rising tensions between Islamabad and Washington. The Trump administration's South Asia Strategy depends heavily upon Pakistan going after Haqqani network and Taliban leaders who organize attacks on Afghans from inside Pakistan. As long as the attacks continue, Afghanistan may not stabilize to the point that a negotiated settlement is possible. That lack of stability and settlement is one of the key factors keeping U.S. forces in Afghanistan after 17 years of operating there.
Military-to-military relationship is key to a reset between the two countries, they said.
"We need Pakistan to seriously engage to help us get to the reconciliation we need in Afghanistan," Pompeo said to reporters traveling with him to Pakistan.
It was a historic first visit for both Dunford and Pompeo in their respective military and diplomatic roles, although Dunford has made numerous visits in his prior role as head of U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
Dunford will meet up with Mattis and Pompeo on a historic visit to India to press Afghanistan and Indo-Pacific priorities.
Without greater pressure from Pakistan, it will be difficult to get Afghanistan settlement talks underway, said Seth Jones, director of the transnational threats project at the Center for Strategic and International Security.
"I think the idea of settlement for the moment, especially as long as the Taliban's command and control structure is untouched in Pakistan, I think they are unlikely to conduct serious negotiations in general," Jones said. "I suspect they're likely to continue to fight and give themselves better bargaining position for future negotiations of their own."
The Trump administration has become increasingly frustrated with Islamabad, and has withheld hundreds of millions of dollars in military assistance since last fall, including another $300 million last week in Coalition Support Funds.
The cancelled aid raised the question of whether Pakistan would take retaliatory measures against the U.S., to include restricting access to two key ground shipping routes, commonly known as GLOCs, that the U.S. uses to ship supplies to forces in Afghanistan.
Dunford said he did not expect the GLOCs to be affected.
Pakistan's GLOCs are the least expensive way to deliver supplies to U.S. and NATO forces, and currently 40 to 50 percent of the supplies supporting the coalition still move through there. But the GLOCS are vulnerable to shifts in U.S.-Pakistan relations and were closed for months following a November 2011 NATO shooting incident along the Pakistani border.
The remainder of the supplies are either flown into Afghanistan directly or transit into Afghanistan through the northern route, a network of shipping and rail lines that moves goods from the Mediterranean Sea through Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to Afghanistan's Hairatan rail port.
The reliance on Pakistan to support a large force in Afghanistan keeps the U.S. from being as aggressive as needed to convince Pakistan to go after the militants, said Blackwater founder Erik Prince, who is pitching that the U.S. use a small contracted force in Afghanistan instead that wouldn't need the GLOCs.
Jones said even if the U.S. applies additional pressure and stops relying upon the GLOCs, Pakistan may have already decided to go another way. For example, some of the aid cancelled last year froze the transfer of up to 16 AH-1Z Viper attack helicopters Pakistan had ordered from Amarillo, Texas-based Bell through the Foreign Military Sales program. Those helicopters still have not been transferred, and Jones said it may just shop elsewhere.


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How Much Should a 5'11 Male Weigh?
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The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute uses the body mass index (BMI) to calculate a healthy weight based on height 2. According to the NHLBI BMI tables, a 5-foot 11-inch tall male should weigh from 136 to 179 pounds to maintain a healthy weight. Anything above or below this range would be considered overweight or underweight respectively.
The NHLBI admits certain limitations to BMI calculations. It acknowledges that BMI "may overestimate body fat in athletes and others who have a muscular build" and "underestimate body fat in older persons and others who have lost muscle." As of 2010, there are some studies that suggest people classified as "overweight" on the BMI scale may actually be healthier and live longer than those within the recommended range 3.
Although BMI may give some indication as to what constitutes a healthy weight for a 5-foot 11-inch tall male, there are drawbacks and limitations to relying on that as a sole source of data. You should consult your healthcare provider to help determine your own ideal weight.
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Warren Patrick is a freelance writer. He is a contributor and editor at Technorati and Blogcritics, where he writes about film, music, books and popular culture. He holds a bachelor's degree from Emerson College in Boston.
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Covid-19 Visitor Guidelines for Georgian Bay Land Trust properties
The Georgian Bay Land Trust's public-access properties are now OPEN to visitors with new Covid-19 guidelines in place. We're so happy to be able to welcome you and your family back to enjoy nature in these special places. It is very important that visitors follow all current government guidelines for COVID-19 related behaviour while they are on a Georgian Bay Land Trust property. Updated visitor guidelines are posted on each public-access property – please take some time to read the guidelines below so you are prepared before you arrive. Please also understand that we may be required to restrict the number of visitors to…
King Family Bursary Winner – Brennan Guse
Congratulations to Brennan Guse, winner of the 2020 King Family Bursary! Brennan is a Master of Landscape Architecture Student with and Undergraduate Degree in Geography, who is always thinking about how to plan for healthy, resilient and inclusive communities. His research focusses on creating a waterfront revitalization strategy for Parry Sound's post-industrial southern waterfront. As Parry Sound shifts from an industrial economy to a more tourist-based economy, many of the properties along the southern waterfront have become vacant industrial sites. Although the land along the southern waterfront is now zoned as Marine and Resort Residential, there has been little investment in decades due to concerns…
Connecting with nature from home
Connecting with nature is one of the most valuable recreational activities available to many people right now. Whether you are able to go for walks outdoors*, are enjoying the natural world from your backyard or balcony, or are relying on virtual connections, there are many ways we can stay in touch with the great outdoors during this period. Every two weeks, we will be sharing some new ideas by email, and adding to the cumulative list below. *Please remember that social distancing and responsible behaviour apply even in nature. Don't go out if you are sick or returning from travel,…
Remembering John Catto
We are saddened to share with the Georgian Bay community the passing of John Catto, one of the Georgian Bay Land Trust's leading supporters over the last fifteen years. John was an incredibly kind and generous man, and the Georgian Bay Land Trust was one of the many beneficiaries of his generosity and community service over his lifetime. A lifelong naturalist, John became involved with the Land Trust in 2005 while exploring options for donating part of the land in Pointe au Baril that he shared with his wife Margaret. That property is now the beautiful and beloved West Lookout…
The Georgian Bay Land Trust welcomes two new Conservation Easements
We're closing 2019 on a happy note, with two new properties protected forever! Both are protected under conservation easement, meaning that the landowners retain ownership but agree never to develop or otherwise degrade the natural features of their land. Thank you so much to the two generous families who have made this protection possible. One Bear Island One Bear Island is a small property in the Manitou area of Georgian Bay. In classic Georgian Bay fashion, it contains a variety of habitats – forest, rock barrens, and coastal wetlands – in close proximity, which support a variety of species….
New funding for species at risk work in Georgian Bay
We're thrilled to announce that the federal government has committed $1.9 million to species at risk protection efforts in the Georgian Bay area. On September 4th, Minister of the Environment and Climate Change Catherine McKenna visited Toronto to launch the Community-Nominated Priority Places (CNPP) program, a subset of the Species Stream of Canada's Nature Fund. Announced in 2018, the Nature Fund is a federal commitment to invest $500 million in land and species protection across Canada over five years. The CNPP program funds collaborative, community-driven projects that will improve outcomes for multiple at-risk species in priority places. Earlier this year,…
Summer 2019 Photo Contest
Thank you to everyone who entered our Summer 2019 photo contest! This year we wanted to see how you experienced the Georgian Bay Land Trust's protected properties, and the results were beautiful. Thank you for sharing your special moments with us. Congratulations to the winners: People & Pets Winner: Tara Pape, The Lizard, Cognashene Sensational Scenery Winner: Jan Dowling, American Camp, Wah Wah Taysee Wonderful Wildlife Winner: Tassie Brautigam, The Lizard, Cognashene
Tadenac Conservation Initiative
Tadenac Conservation Initiative: a 5,400-acre sanctuary for nature We are thrilled to announce the Tadenac Conservation Initiative, a 5,400-acre protected area of pristine wilderness south of Twelve Mile Bay. Containing some of the highest biodiversity in the Georgian Bay region, this area provides an important refuge for numerous species and a critical link in coastal habitat corridors. Minister Carolyn Bennett joined us in Toronto today to announce the federal government's contribution of $967,000 towards this project. This funding is part of the "Quickstart" prelude to Canada's Nature Fund, a $500 million initiative to fulfill Canada's commitment to protect 17% of…
2019 King Family Bursary winners
Congratulations to the 2019 winners of the King Family Bursary: Art Tent and Elora Grahame! We're excited to follow their projects as they promote knowledge and appreciation of the Georgian Bay environment. Thank you to Wally and Marilyn King for making these projects possible through their funding of the King Family Bursary. We'd also like to thank our volunteer jurors for contributing their time and insights, and all the wonderful applicants who made our choice extremely difficult! Art Tent – Jesse Matas & Kyle Scheurmann "It is an incredible honour to receive the support and encouragement of the Georgian Bay Land Trust in creating…
Dattels Reserve expanded!
The GBLT is delighted to announce the completion of a 10-year dream with the addition of 5.4 acres to Pointe au Baril's Dattels Reserve. The reserve now covers an entire 10-acre island in Pointe au Baril's Hemlock Channel. The Dattels Reserve was first created in 2009, when neighbouring conservationist Jennifer Dattels purchased the eastern side of the undeveloped island and donated it to the GBLT. After waiting for nearly a decade, Jennifer says "my dreams were realized last year when the western half of the island came up for sale, allowing for a further purchase and donation to the GBLT….
200+ acres protected including Provincially Significant Wetland
We're delighted to welcome two new Conservation Easement properties to our protected areas. The Ingram Biodiversity Reserve and Estelle's Reserve protect high quality inland wetlands and other habitat, providing homes to numerous species and strengthening conservation on a regional scale. Conservation Easements are agreements which allow landowners to conserve biodiversity on their properties forever while retaining ownership of the land. Learn more here. Ingram Biodiversity Reserve Situated in the inland Honey Harbour/Port Severn area, the 92-acre Ingram Biodiversity Reserve is a high priority for conservation due to its significant wetland and rock barren habitats, which provide homes to numerous…
Congratulations to our 2018 King Family Bursary winners!
This summer, two very deserving recipients will be embarking on projects supported by the GBLT's King Family Bursary, intended to increase awareness and appreciation of the eastern Georgian Bay and North Channel environment, history, communities, and culture. Congratulations to Sean Tamblyn and Kate Marshall Flaherty! Thank you to our generous bursary funders, Wally and Marilyn King and John Hartman, for making these projects possible. We'd also like to thank our volunteer jurors, Elizabeth King and Alan Stein, for contributing their time and insights, and all the wonderful applicants who made our choice extremely difficult! Sean Tamblyn "I'm thrilled to receive the King Family Bursary and partner with the…
GBLT celebrates federal commitment to conservation in Budget 2018
The Government of Canada made a significant commitment to conservation in Tuesday's federal budget, and Georgian Bay's natural areas will benefit from it. The $1.3 billion invested over 5 years in nature conservation will include matching funds towards the costs of establishing new protected areas, allowing land trusts across the country to scale up their efforts to protect environmentally significant lands. Bill Lougheed, the Executive Director of the Georgian Bay Land Trust, was part of a coalition of conservation organizations that met with government representatives in Ottawa, including the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Catherine McKenna, to advocate for…
Welcome to three new easements
This past December, the Georgian Bay Land Trust was delighted to welcome three new easements to our roster of protected properties. All three have been donated by individuals who are passionate about the environment, and wish to leave a legacy of conservation on Georgian Bay. Easements are a wonderful way to ensure that the land you love will remain in its natural state in perpetuity, without actually transferring ownership to a conservation organization. Also called Conservation Agreements, they lay out a legal conservation plan for your property, which includes regular monitoring by a qualified organization. The Georgian Bay Land Trust currently…
Endangered King Rails discovered on GBLT property
Exciting news! We're delighted to share that endangered King Rails were recently discovered making use of a Georgian Bay Land Trust property. Bird lovers will know that these small marsh birds are extremely rare in Ontario, which is at the far northern end of their range. It is estimated that only 30 breeding pairs are left in the province. King Rails are shy birds, and are more often heard than seen. They make their homes in freshwater and brackish marshes throughout eastern North America, and prefer wetlands bordering large bodies of water where they can hunt for food. The Rail bird…
Protecting Algonquin Wolf Habitat: McGregor Bay – La Cloche Mountains
The Georgian Bay Land Trust is delighted to welcome McGregor Bay – La Cloche Mountains as our newest and second most northern protected property. Located just west of Killarney Provincial Park, the property consists of a larger mainland portion and a small island, both containing high quality habitat for eight confirmed at-risk species, including Bald Eagle, Monarch Butterfly, and Northern Map Turtle. We were particularly excited to discover fresh Algonquin Wolf prints on a visit to the property this past August, a rare species sighting on the Bay. The largely undeveloped nature of the Killarney area makes it one of the few places…
Introducing Cognashene's Portage Island Reserve
Cognashene's turtles, fish, birds and more have a permanent place to call home at the newly protected Portage Island Reserve. Donated to the Georgian Bay Land Trust by Rob and Val Thompson, this 5 acre property contains a variety of key habitats for local species. A long shoreline on a sheltered bay means this property is home to high quality wetlands where at-risk species like the Northern Map Turtle thrive. Mixed deciduous and coniferous forest and shrubbed rock barrens round out the property, allowing many species to easily travel between the different habitat types they need throughout their life cycle….
We're Moving!
The Georgian Bay Land Trust is relocating our Toronto office space. You can now find us at: Georgian Bay Land Trust 120 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 1000 Toronto, ON M4P 1E2 Please update our mailing address in your records – all other contact information remains the same.
Georgian Bay Skies Photo Contest
Thank you to everyone who submitted photos! We received over 350 incredible images, and had a very hard time choosing the winners. Congratulations to the winning photographers: The Georgian Bay Skies poster was unveiled at Bayscapes on November 24th. Copies are now available at the GBLT office, or by mail. Please contact Sarah at sarah.koetsier@gblt.org or (416) 440-1519 x102 to order your copy. Capture your best photo of a Georgian Bay sky and enter our photo contest! Photos should feature the sky but can contain other elements (trees, rocks, water, etc.) Be creative! We love sunsets, but there is so much…
Migratory bird tracking program launched!
Big news for bird science! The Georgian Bay Land Trust has installed our first of three remote telemetry stations, which will track the flight paths of migratory birds using the Motus tracking system, in partnership with Bird Studies Canada. This tower, installed at the Port Severn Wetlands, has a 15km range, with two antenna pointing towards Beausoleil, and a third toward Matchedash Bay. A further two towers will be installed on Brebeuf Island and Giant's Tomb. Together, these three towers will form a line that should record any tracked bird travelling up the eastern Georgian Bay coast – an area…
Welcome Janet Brough Tinsley, Senior Development Officer
The Georgian Bay Land Trust is delighted to welcome Janet Brough Tinsley as our new Senior Development Officer. Janet has been summering in Wah Wah Taysee all her life with family roots in the area dating back over 80 years. Many of you may already know Janet – those who don't, be sure to say hello when you see her on the bay this summer! Janet is passionate about sharing the beauty of the bay while preserving and protecting it for future generations. She has had a long and rewarding career in marketing and advertising with a number of well-known…
Congratulations to our King Family Bursary winners!
The Georgian Bay Land Trust is delighted to announce the winners of this year's King Family Bursary. Supported by the Wally and Marilyn King Endowment Fund, as well as an anonymous donor, the bursary provides $3,500 to support projects that promote knowledge and appreciation of eastern Georgian Bay and/or the North Channel. This year's winners are both embarking on very important projects for Georgian Bay. Katherine Denune will spend the summer tackling one of the biggest threats to conservation on the Bay, invasive Phragmites, while Boshdayosgaykwe will set out to document one of the area's most important cultural practices, the…
A new book has just been published on the founding of the Township of the Archipelago. Passion for Georgian Bay chronicles the efforts of a group of ordinary citizens to establish a new township in the District of Parry Sound during the latter decades of the twentieth century. The Georgian Bay Association, led by Tony Ormsby and then Wally King, provided the leadership for this significant accomplishment, with help from Gary French and Tom Martin. Professionally written and containing detailed maps and other interesting documentation, this full colour publication of over 200 pages with some lovely Bay photo's is an…
Steamboat Channel Protected!
Hooray! After more ups and downs than we can count, and incredible effort and generosity from our community of supporters, we are thrilled to announce that the 35 acre northern section of Pointe au Baril's Mackenzie Island is now protected by the Georgian Bay Land Trust. Known locally simply as "Steamboat" after the channel whose southern shore it borders, this property is both highly ecologically significant and historically treasured by the Pointe au Baril community. One of Georgian Bay's few remaining pockets of old growth white pine forest is found here, a rare occurrence as the coast was so extensively…
The Georgian Bay Land Trust protects Crane Lake Reserve
The Georgian Bay Land Trust welcomed a new protected property to our network last week. The Crane Lake Reserve is located on the northern shore of Crane Lake, just to the west of Blackstone Lake. One of the Land Trust's few inland properties, the reserve boasts more extensive soil development than is common along coastal Georgian Bay, and contains sugar maple and eastern hemlock forests in its inland portions. The reserve's shoreline consists of an interior coastal wetland, which provides an important link to a significant high-quality wetland adjacent to the property. Protection by the Georgian Bay Land Trust ensures…
At-risk wading bird call sampling at Port Severn Wetlands
Last week, Ministry of Natural Resources scientists were busy installing a sound recording station at our Port Severn Wetlands property. The purpose of this sampling station is to fill important knowledge gaps pertaining to the distribution of two at-risk birds in Ontario. The King Rail (Rallus elegans) is classified as Endangered in Ontario (SARO) and across Canada (SARA), and the Least Bittern (lxobrychus exilis) is classified as Threatened in Ontario and across Canada. Port Severn Wetlands is known to provide habitat for these birds, and forms an important part of a larger study of their habitats and distribution across the province….
King Family Bursary Winners
The Georgian Bay Land Trust has awarded our third annual King Family Bursary to two talented artists who will each set out to capture different aspects of the Bay this coming summer. Melanie Gausden will examine the interaction between people and the Bay in a series of paintings, while Sylvia Galbraith will focus her photographic talents on the geologic forces at work in our environment. Congratulations Melanie and Sylvia! We'd like to thank Wally and Marilyn King, as well as an anonymous donor, for funding this bursary which aims to promote knowledge and appreciation of the eastern shore of Georgian…
1960s Wooden Outboard for Sale
The Georgian Bay Land Trust is selling a boat and motor that were bequeathed to us along with the Thomson Reserve property in Nares Inlet. Please see below for details about the boat and how to make an offer. This is the boat that accompanied the final bequest of the cottage islands from Robert Thomson's estate to the Georgian Bay Land Trust. It came documented as "a 1971 Voyager boat and 1964 Johnson 50 hp motor" but it is likely that if those years apply, they have been reversed. The motor is clearly not from 1964, but the hull could be. Boat is…
Scotiabank 5K Charity Challenge – October 18th 2015
On October 18th, the Georgian Bay Land Trust will be participating in the 5K Charity Challenge as part of the Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront Marathon. We'll be running or walking 5K and raising funds to help us protect the wilderness of Georgian Bay. Want to get involved? Join us for the walk or make a donation to our team. WOULD YOU LIKE TO WALK WITH US? It's easy to sign up, and there's free registration for the first 20 walkers! Click here to register for the walk. Do not enter a discount code on Step 2. On Step 3, select Yes next to Would you…
You Could Win a Rossiter 14 Boat & 40 HP Yamaha Motor in the GBLT Lottery!
Support the GBLT and you could cruise home in this beautiful Rossiter 14—designed here in Georgian Bay—with a 40 HP Yamaha Four Stroke Engine! All proceeds help protect Georgian Bay wilderness. Tickets are just $25, 2 for $40, or 3 for $50. Buy your tickets by phone at 416.440.1519 ext 102 Tickets are also available at GBLT events this summer, and at: Desmasdons Boatworks Generously donated by Rossiter Boats and Desmasdons Boatworks Georgian Bay Trust Foundation, Inc. Lic #M473628. Draw date and location: Noon, Jan 19, 2016 at 51 Highland Ave, Barrie ON 2,000 tickets printed. Prize value $27,000 incl. HST.
Wild Mammals Photo Contest
Capture a wild Georgian Bay mammal with your camera and enter the GBLT's 2015 photo contest. The contest is open for submissions until September 15th, 2015 (*deadline extended until September 30th), at which time 25 winning photos will be selected to be made into a poster. All submissions must be original photos from the eastern shore of Georgian Bay or the North Channel. Photos do not need to have been taken in 2015 – if you have a great shot from the past we'd love to see it. Only digital submissions will be accepted, and all photos must have a minimum…
Welcome to our new Director of Development: Jason Wagar
The GBLT is delighted to welcome Jason Wagar to our team as our new Director of Development. Jason holds a Masters of Charity Marketing and Fundraising from the Sir John Cass Business School at City University London, and comes to us after three years as the Senior Manager of Individual Giving and Foundations at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF). A Certified Fundraising Executive (CFRE), he is an Instructor of Fundraising at Ryerson University and has previously worked as the Manager of Donor Services and Marketing with the Toronto Community Foundation. Jason's personal experience with land trusts began when his…
The GBLT is thrilled to announce this year's winners of the King Family Bursary. With over fifty wonderful original applications our judges had a very difficult time making the final decision, but we're confident that this year's winners will be more than up to the challenge of creating unique and meaningful works that will help us all appreciate and understand Georgian Bay. Congratulations to Kendall Flower and Jillian McDonald! We'd like to sincerely thank all applicants and wish them well in their work. It was very inspiring to see so many creative and passionate responses to Georgian Bay and we…
Bayscapes Art Auction Raises $40,000
A big thank you to the wonderful artists who made everything possible, and our fantastic sponsors and volunteers without whom we could not have run the night. Special thanks to Mary Ann Sayers, Event Chair, and Lewis Reis, Volunteer Coordinator. Thank you to everyone who purchased artwork and to all who came out in support of the Bay. We hope you enjoyed the night as much as we did!
The Unsinkable Janet Lougheed
After 9 years of unflagging dedication to the GBLT, Janet Lougheed is retiring from the position of Communications and Development Director to do some world travels with husband George. Janet has been the spark-plug of the organization and we will dearly miss her. She will continue to help the GBLT out in an advisory role. A full tribute to Janet will appear in this winter's LandScript. From all of us we wish Janet and husband George the same smooth sailing as they enjoy their trips ahead.
Blanding's Turtle habitat survey
During the 2013 summer field season, we actively surveyed 4 islands owned by the Georgian Bay Land Trust (Figure 1). These data (Table 1) were collected to validate Blanding's turtle habitat suitability models created for the Georgian Bay archipelago. These data will be used in a geographic information system (GIS) to allow us to determine the accuracy of our habitat models. Our goal is to produce a model which accurately predicts islands in the Georgian Bay archipelago that provide suitable habitat for the Blanding's turtle. This model will aid in the protection and management of this species at risk and…
Dr. Norman Pearson 1928–2014
It is with much sadness that we learned recently that Norman passed away, August 8, 2014, in London Ontario. He was predeceased, earlier this year, by his wife, Gerda. They had no children. Norman fulfilled his military service in the RAF and later, the RCAF, as Navigator, NATO Command. Norman came to Canada in 1954 after graduation in Fine Arts, with honours in Town and Country Planning at the University of Durham, England, and obtained his PhD in Land Economy and Ecological Planning at the Institute of Advanced Studies in 1979. Norman received many honours, awards and citations both academic…
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