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Q: Proof of $\sup(1,3) \cup (5, 8) = 8$. Proof:
Let $S = (1,3)\cup(5,8)$
Clearly $\forall x \in S,\;x<8$. Hence $8$ is an upper bound of $S$.
To prove that 8 is the least upper bound suppose there exists an upper bound less than $8$.
So $\exists m<8 \;s.t \;\forall x \in S,\;x<m$.
But $m<\frac{m+8}2 < 8$ and $\frac{m+8}2 \in S$.
Therefore $m$ is not an upperbound. Hence $8$ is the supremum of $S$.
Is the proof correct ?
I have seen in some proofs, they choose an upper bound $m$ as above and take $x = m+\frac{8-m}2$. Then prove $m < x$  and $x \in S$. Is my proof simpler than that ?

A: Your proof is very similar to the other proof; note that
$$m + \frac{8 - m}{2} = \frac{2m}{2} + \frac{8 - m}{2} = \frac{8 + m}{2},$$
i.e. you're using the same counter-example as the other proof, just written differently.
As for whether this proof works, I would say it doesn't quite work. If I gave you the possible upper bound $m = 0$ (I know it isn't an upper bound, but still) and naively plugged it into your argument, then $\frac{m + 8}{2} = 4 \notin S$, contrary to your claim.
You might want to modify the expression $m + \frac{8 - m}{2}$ to $m + ???$ where $???$ is some expression involving $\frac{8 - m}{2}$ and a max formula...

A: As was noted, the main problem is whether the argument for $\frac{m+8}{2}\in S$ is valid. We suppose $m<8$ is an upper bound of $S$. We have to show $1<\frac{m+8}{2} < 3$ or $5<\frac{m+8}{2}<8$.
Suppose it's not the first one. As $m<8$ we have $\frac{m+8}{2}<\frac{8+8}{2} = 8$. If $\frac{m+8}{2} \leq 1$, then $m\leq -6$, which is impossible, because $m$ is an upper bound of $S$, so we must have $\frac{m+8}{2} \geq 3$. If $\frac{m+8}{2} \leq 5$, then $m\leq 2$, which again would be impossible. Thus $\frac{m+8}{2} >5$.
We also see that $m = \frac{m+m}{2} < \frac{m+8}{2} < 8$, which contradicts $m$ being an upper bound of $S$.

Note that it doesn't matter what $m$ is, exactly. All that matters is the supposition $m<8$ enables us to define a certain element in $S$, which gives us a contradiction.

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Dan Gusty had the idea he'd like to be a history teacher and a high school football coach. That lasted roughly halfway through his first quarter at Ohio State.
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HIDN is a way of designing with an aim to add purposeful, obvious functionality, aesthetics or value to a design without adding obvious material. It is all about the hidden things you see and don't see around you. It is a consistent exploration and search for possibilities hidden in material or processing to reveal a hidden shape, function, idea, efficiency, emotion or design feature. They are the hidden treasures, you unexpectedly discover while designing.
Approaching the design process with the HIDN concept, you look at products in a new way. Think of it as a natural step in the table of content for every line drawn and idea thought. Pushing the boundaries of the common use and reuse of waste, the fundamental principle comprises utilising and optimising material and resources at the beginning of a process and not after the production phase.
This essential principle is considered precycling. A guideline for the HIDN design language. With a precycling approach, you actively take initiative before the production phase, before the materials actually become waste. You optimise the materials and processing at an early stage while thoughtfully revealing the hidden possibilities. A cornerstone in waste reduction and a fundamental element of the HIDN design language.
In short, the HIDN design language is
Searching for hidden possibilities in material or processing to reveal a hidden part, function, shape, inspiration or design feature
A way to think outside the box, be innovative and unfold your creativity
Treasure hunting for the hidden gems and surprises
Design with a precycling approach; optimising material and process in an early stage
Getting more out of a product than initially thought
Adding obvious functionality, value or aesthetics to a design without adding obvious material
A responsible and considered take on minimalism
A naturally integrated step in your table of content when designing
Meet Roel Vandebeek
The creative mind behind HIDN
Humour, user-centred design, tactility, efficiency, sustainability, semiotics, thoughtfulness, simplicity with a touch of originality. These are some of the aspects reflecting the work of the experienced, Belgian designer and artist Roel Vandebeek. He highly values engendering interaction through design. Encouraging to enter a dialogue.
Since the very beginning of his career, he has explored various spectrums within art, industrial design and interior design. This holistic view of design projects made Roel establish the creative hotspot Dêpot des Arts. This constellation allows him to commence and delve into projects with uncompromising possibilities and wholeheartedly ways to solve the case.
With his creative mind, he is the driving force behind the HIDN concept. A design language brought to life with the aim to approach waste reduction differently while creating purposeful designs. "I hope that this new way of thinking and handling of new products can be seen as an inspiration to think about other issues in the same open way. I believe that the role of designers more and more is to reach new ways of solving problems rather than it is only designing new things," Roel Vandebeek explains.
"Let the HIDN concept form a way to think out of the box, be innovative and unfold your creativity"
- Roel Vandebeek
Are you the next HIDN designer?
The HIDN design language is intended to inspire and motivate design minds in the process where a design comes to life. Based on this drive the very first HIDN design competition is now open. A space with room to challenge, play and flourish.
The way we collaborate with designers is eminently near and dear to our hearts. And it has always been. Therefore, it makes beautiful sense to us to cherish the creative students and upcoming design talents by welcoming their new thoughts and inventive views on future design. To stay true to our founding vision of establishing a design collective of newcomers to give something back.
With HIDN design competition, we encourage you to become a part of the HIDN collective. Discover and explore the hidden gems and you will bring surprising, engaging and original products to life. To illustrate tangible examples, we took the first small step and revealed our very first HIDN products. We are can not wait to see the flourishing designers' take on the HIDN concept.
THE HIDN
To illustrate tangible examples, we have taken the first small step and revealed our very first hidn design suggestions.
BOOKND
Booknd appears as a true demonstration of a fundamental pillar in the HIDN design language: Getting more out of a product than initially planned.
To obtain its basic function efficiently, a bookend needs a certain mass. A mass that, in this case, hides an additional piece, you can take out and use for a second bookend. Giving you two individual products instead of one without adding any additional material. With the HIDN approach, the Booknds both optimise the material and process while illustrating a transparent connection. Although the Booknds are separated by books, they are visually connected, which strongly enhances the unity of the objects. Demonstrating the HIDN design language in a tangible and perceptible way.
FLOWR
There are a lot of latent possibilities hidden in fundamental, basic shapes, waiting to be revealed. Based on the archetypal silhouette of a vase, the inspiration for Flowr emanated. With an aim to add an ingenious, purposeful function while enhancing the visual aesthetics, the idea of integrating a flower divider arose. Not as a separate element but by simply taking the material from the vase and form itself.
As a natural integrated step in the production process, the ceramist can effortlessly cut off one or two rings from the top of the finished traditional vase to reposition them at an oblique angle. A design feature that allows you to arrange individual stalks or fascicles of flowers in a vivid yet defined way. This added value is what the Hidn design language is all about.
BOOKLGHT
As the name refers to, Booklght unites a bookshelf and a lamp in an honest and transparent way. Subtly merging two common functions. Booklght illustrates a different take on the HIDN design language. By implementing the HIDN approach as a natural part of the design process, the opportunity for integrating a lamp into a shelf was revealed to the designer. He found a hidden idea to add a new function. The result is a playful and distinctive design that leaves you with a moment of wonder.
Made from the same piece of metal, the additional material, that has been added to form the lampshade, is added at the right moment of the production phase to optimise the process. Also, with this combination of two products in one, there is only one production, one packaging and one transportation.
TABL
Have a look at Tabl. Can you spot the hidden part? A circular part of the classic cylindrical base has been cut out and transformed into a functional tabletop. Consequently leaving a round, open space in the foundation. Creating a strong visual silhouette. With this playful and tangible approach, we efficiently optimise the material by providing the design with a new function without adding additional material. We deliberately optimise the production process as the laser cutter can create the base and top simultaneously. And we responsibly reduce waste in an earlier stage as the shapes from the opening and the top recur.

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#pounditFriday, January 27, 2023
Jalen Ramsey addresses infamous brawl with Golden Tate
by Larry Brown
Jalen Ramsey recently opened up about his infamous brawl with Golden Tate.
Ramsey and Tate got into a fight on the field after a Rams-Giants game in Oct. 2020. Ramsey was said to have thrown the first punch in the fight. The Rams cornerback also was said to have waited for Tate outside the locker room after the game.
Tate had hard feelings towards Ramsey over personal matters. Tate's sister Breanna was dating Ramsey and pregnant with the couple's second child. But Ramsey split with her and began dating a dancer.
Ramsey joined "The Pivot Podcast" and addressed the situation.
Ramsey said in the episode that both he and Tate knew they would end up fighting. He also said that the perception of him ditching Breanna while she was pregnant is wrong. He said they agreed they were better off as friends and broke up on amicable terms.
"We ain't feel like we needed to announce it to any and everybody," Ramsey said.
Ramsey also was upset that Tate went public about the matter.
"Golden had tweeted something about it and that's when it got super public. I ain't like that. I was hot about that," Ramsey said.
That could explain why he ended up confronting Tate.
Tate had 35 catches for 388 yards and 2 touchdowns in 2020. He was on Tennessee's practice squad last season but did not see game action. Ramsey has toned down some of his trash talk in recent years, but he's still getting into fights.
H/T TMZ Sports
Photo: Kyle Terada-USA TODAY Sports
Golden TateJalen Ramsey
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La Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance è una monoposto di Formula 1 realizzata dalla Mercedes, per gareggiare nel campionato mondiale di Formula 1 2020.

La vettura, guidata dal sei volte campione del mondo uscente Lewis Hamilton (poi riconfermatosi iridato per la settima volta), dal finlandese Valtteri Bottas e dal britannico George Russell (quest'ultimo solamente in occasione del Gran Premio di Sakhir, dove ha sostituito l'indisponibile Hamilton), è stata l'assoluta dominatrice della stagione con 13 vittorie, 15 pole position e 8 giri veloci.

Livrea

La livrea originariamente presentata per la W11 il 10 febbraio 2020 era simile a quella della precedente W10, con l'argento predominante e con la zona posteriore che sfumava verso il nero all'altezza del cofano motore; l'unica novità era rappresentata dal colore rosso aggiunto nelle zone dellairscope, nelle paratie interne dell'ala anteriore e in una sottile fascia di quella posteriore, ciò per via del nuovo sponsor Ineos. Com'era già avvenuto per la seconda parte della stagione precedente, tra le varie stelline presenti al posteriore e rappresentative del logo Mercedes-Benz ne è rimasta una rossa, appena di fronte al numero di gara, in riferimento alla memoria di Niki Lauda. Con tali colori, la W11 si sarebbe dovuta presentare al via del campionato, il 15 marzo 2020 a Melbourne.

Tuttavia, con la sopraggiunta pandemia di COVID-19 che annulla la tappa australiana e posticipa l'inizio della stagione, e soprattutto alla luce del crescente sostengo al movimento Black Lives Matter che vede in prima linea, tra gli altri, l'alfiere Mercedes Lewis Hamilton, la scuderia decide di adottare una nuova livrea atta a sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica circa la succitata battaglia sociale. Presentata nel giugno 2020, pochi giorni prima del nuovo via alla stagione, ora calendarizzato per Spielberg, la nuova livrea della W11 mostra una netta predominanza del nero sull'argento, quest'ultimo relegato alle stelline sul cofano motore.

Per il Gran Premio di Abu Dhabi, onde celebrare la vittoria del settimo campionato costruttori da parte del team di Brackley, viene presentata una livrea speciale che, nella zona tra il cofano motore e la pinna, elenca i nomi di tutte le persone della squadra che hanno contribuito alla vittoria del titolo ; oltracciò, una fila di sette delle stelline che decorano il retrotreno della vettura — in particolare, quelle collocate sotto allairscope — sono state colorate nel verde aziendale Petronas. Per questa variante di livrea, la stella rossa dedicata a Lauda è stata spostata sotto lairscope.

Caratteristiche
Novità principale della monoposto, emersa nel febbraio 2020 durante i test prestagionali di Barcellona, è l'adozione del sistema Dual Axis Steering (DAS): questo permette, durante qualunque momento nel giro di pista, e tramite spostamento assiale del volante, di variare l'angolo di convergenza delle ruote anteriori, permettendo un migliore ingresso in curva e una precisione più elevata; sul rettilineo, riportando lo sterzo in posizione normale, il DAS riallinea le ruote migliorando il rotolamento degli pneumatici e quindi l'efficienza aerodinamica.

Scheda tecnica

Carriera agonistica

Test

I piloti chiamati a guidare la vettura durante le sei differenti giornate di test sono i due piloti titolari per la stagione, Lewis Hamilton e Valtteri Bottas. Nella prima giornata le due Mercedes chiudono ai primi due posti realizzando rispettivamente 94 e 79 giri. Durante la seconda giornata, il team si concentra sui long run con gomme dure: ciò porta i due piloti a non far segnare tempi da parte alta della classifica. La terza e ultima giornata della prima sessione di test vede nuovamente i due alfieri Mercedes in testa a tutti, con Bottas davanti ad Hamilton con un tempo di 1'15"732 fatto registrare con gomme morbide C5.

La seconda sessione inizia con una raccolta di informazioni su gomme a mescola C2 e C3, portando i due piloti a non essere competitivi sul giro secco. Il giorno successivo i piloti si concentrano sulla gomma a mescola C3, con il miglior tempo che viene fatto segnare da Bottas in 1'17"985, che gli vale la settima posizione. L'ultima giornata si conclude con Hamilton e Bottas rispettivamente al quinto e al primo posto.

Stagione

Nel Gran Premio inaugurale in Austria le due Mercedes conquistano la prima fila con Bottas in pole; Hamilton che inizialmente si era qualificato come secondo, viene penalizzato di tre posizioni sulla griglia di partenza per non aver rallentato sufficientemente sotto il regime di bandiera gialla. Nonostante i problemi al cambio patiti per tutta la gara da entrambe le vetture, il pilota finlandese riesce a vincere la sua ottava gara in carriera. Hamilton dopo aver recuperato velocemente posizioni ed essere arrivato dietro a Bottas, si classifica solo quarto a causa di una penalità di 5 secondi per aver causato il contatto con Alexander Albon. Hamilton ha conquistato la pole position nella sessione di qualifiche sotto la pioggia nel Gran Premio di Stiria, con oltre 1 secondo di vantaggio sulla seconda vettura, quella dall'olandese Max Verstappen, mentre Bottas si qualifica quarto. Alla domenica Hamilton domina la gara rimanendo in testa per quasi tutto il Gran Premio e conquista la vittoria, mentre Bottas supera Verstappen nei giri di chiusura finendo al secondo posto per completare così la prima doppietta stagionale.

La settimana successiva in Ungheria, sin dal venerdì il ritmo delle W11 sia in simulazioni qualifica che sul passo gara appare nettamente superiore rispetto alle altre vetture. In qualifica la Mercedes conquista facilmente un 1-2 con Hamilton che ottiene la sua novantesima pole e Bottas secondo con nove decimi di vantaggio sul terzo, Lance Stroll. Hamilton conquista la sua seconda vittoria consecutiva e la sua ottava vittoria all'Hungaroring eguagliando il record di Michael Schumacher per il maggior numero di vittorie in un singolo Gran Premio. Bottas invece commette un errore in partenza scalando al sesto posto al primo giro. Tuttavia il pilota finlandese riesce a recuperare e a chiudere al terzo posto, finendo appena dietro a Max Verstappen.

Al Gran Premio di Gran Bretagna la Mercedes conquista un'altra prima fila con Hamilton che realizza la terza pole stagionale con Bottas staccato di tre decimi. Verstappen, qualificatosi terzo, è a sette decimi dal pilota finlandese. Dopo la partenza che vede Hamilton resistere all'attacco di Bottas, la gara prosegue con le due Mercedes che duellano a colpi di giri veloci e con Bottas che non riesce mai ad avvicinarsi a meno di un secondo dal compagno di squadra. Al cinquantesimo giro la gomma di Bottas cede e il pilota finnico è costretto a compiere quasi un giro prima di poter rientrare ai box uscendo così fuori dalla zona punti. All'ultimo giro lo stesso problema si presenta sulla vettura di Hamilton, che grazie al grande vantaggio accumulato su Verstappen, fermatosi un giro prima, riesce a concludere la gara primo anche se su tre gomme funzionanti. Hamilton vince per la settima volta il suo Gran Premio nazionale, mai successo a nessun pilota nel mondiale di Formula 1. Il britannico ottiene anche il record di Gran Premi condotti per l'intera lunghezza, ovvero 20. Nel Gran Premio del 70º Anniversario è Bottas a conquistare la pole con Hamilton alle sue spalle staccato di meno di un decimo di secondo, con il terzo Nicolas Hülkenberg a otto decimi dal pilota britannico. In gara le Mercedes faticano a tenere un buon passo gara a causa delle elevate temperature che provocano eccessiva usura gomme e blistering. Verstappen riesce così a vincere la gara.

In Spagna e in Belgio Hamilton conquista pole position e vittoria con Bottas rispettivamente terzo e secondo, mentre la prima battuta d'arresto stagionale arriva a Monza, gara in cui al pilota britannico è comminata una penalità di stop and go per essere entrato in pit lane in un momento in cui la stessa era chiusa; Hamilton non riesce quindi ad andare oltre la settima posizione, mentre Bottas si piazza quinto. Nei Gran Premi successivi la Mercedes torna a dominare ed inanella sette vittorie consecutive, sei delle quali conseguite da Hamilton ed una da Bottas; in ognuno di essi, fuorché in Turchia, la scuderia anglo-tedesca conquista anche la pole position. Il Gran Premio di Sakhir è invece caratterizzato dall'assenza di Hamilton (contagiato dalla COVID-19), il cui posto viene preso da George Russell; la gara si rivela però una delusione per la squadra, che in un caotico doppio pit stop confonde i treni di pneumatici riservati a Bottas con quelli di Russell: il finlandese è quindi costretto ad una sosta di circa trenta secondi, mentre il giovane pilota inglese deve sostituire nuovamente le gomme a fine gara per non incappare in una penalità; nelle fasi conclusiva del Gran Premio sosta per la quarta volta a causa d'una foratura lenta.

Nell'ultimo Gran Premio stagionale, caratterizzato dal ritorno di Hamilton, le Frecce d'Argento non hanno il ritmo sufficiente per contrastare Verstappen e concludono sui gradini più bassi del podio. La Mercedes conquista così, con quattro gare d'anticipo, il proprio settimo titolo costruttori consecutivo, seppur con meno punti degli anni precedenti dovuti al minor numero di gare in calendario: viene quindi battuto il record di sei titoli consecutivi allora detenuto a pari merito con la Ferrari, che aveva vinto dal 1999 al 2004. Hamilton vince nuovamente la classifica piloti, ottenendo con tre gare d'anticipo il quarto titolo iridato consecutivo ed il settimo complessivo della sua carriera. Per il secondo anno consecutivo Bottas chiude la stagione al secondo posto in classifica.

Piloti

Risultati in Formula 1

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Vetture di Formula 1 Mercedes-Benz
Vetture di Formula 1 2020

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Visual Arts & Film Studies Essay
Women artists during the period c. 1860-1930 Essay Example
Women artists during the period c. 1860-1930
Hagar was abused by Sarah, Abraham's wife, after she bore him Ishmael. In United States of America, African women were abused, and their rights infringed upon. They were viewed as sex symbols, and objects of slavery. These types of art are neo-classical in nature (Goggin and Tobin, 2009).This is because they are symmetrical in nature, bringing out the notion of reason and restraint. They also portray a form of nobility, and stillness. This is depicted by the sculptures appeal to religion/deity. Another famous American artist is Harriet Hosmer. Harriet was born in 1830, and died in 1908. Harriet trained in physical curriculum, and specialized in riding, and skating. She also practiced rowing, and was interested in travelling. In 1852, Harriet went to Rome, and between the periods 1853 to 1860, Harriet studied the art of sculptures, under the tutelage of Charlotte Cushman (Culkin, 2010).Besides sculpturing, Harriet Hosmer developed machines that had the capability of converting the Italian limestone into marble. Amongst her works includes the sleeping Faun, Zenobia in Chains, and Beatrice Cenci. Despite her prowess in sculpturing, Harriet Hosmer was depicted as a lesbian. This is because of the female movement she was heading in Rome, and the sculptures she was designing. This art was considered masculine, and women who engaged in it, had some defaults. In the sculpture Beatrice Cenci, Hosmer depicts a girl, who is chained and condemned to die. The girl holds a rosary, and she is comfortable with her fate. This sculptor tells of a story of a girl who killed her father because of abuse (Culkin, 2010). Due to this crime, she was sentenced to die without consideration of the circumstances in which the father died.This piece of art denotes that any act of crime committed by women, will result to severe punishment by the male oriented society. On this note, women were expected to be submissive and obedient despite the oppression they were undergoing through. The style used to create this piece of art is neo-classical. This is because the artist uses an ancient Roman Hero, that is Beatrice Cenci and clean lines to bring out her point. This is a major characteristic of neo classical style of art. Another famous American female sculptor is Anne Whitney. She was born in 1821, and died in the year 1915. Whitney began her career in art in 1860s, when she
Eli Whitney
Harriet Jacobs
Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Expert in: Visual Arts & Film Studies, Performing Arts, Family & Consumer Science
Expert in: Visual Arts & Film Studies, Design & Technology, Architecture
Subject: Visual Arts & Film Studies
Art and architecuture during the renaissance period
Japanese Women in Meiji Period
Famous Artists of Renaissance Period
Impressionist Artists
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Women in Culture in the 1930's-1940's VS Women in Culture Today
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How to make an outdoor word game — Are your kids spending too much time indoors? When you encourage them to go outside, do they complain that theres nothing to do? Not anymore! Get them into the backyard with supersized lawn letters for a game of words. Theyll be out in the fresh air and theyll be learning, too.
no sew pillow stealing from Lisa! I hv other throw pillows…and this would be such an awesome up-cycle!!


or financing your own amount.
Very sad FACT: trilliarderŝiki, which reference was made in The Weather Forecast their silence on his own volition refused to confirm the ability to own The Existence Of in Present, Thus the reluctance Exist in Future… That amounts to iz″âvlennomu request for Non-Existence does. And after all this, no doubt, declines to reflect all the people The Universe: could it be the reason, on which the Creatures, pozicionirovavšie yourself and blocking their adherents as The Gods Local World, refused to Exist taking advantage of the The Fundamental in The Universe The Right Of Free Will? Could it Reasonable Creature, considered the best of the best on the universally accepted criteria to do so? There Are Lee the reasons for able to push the? The answer is obvious: such causes of do not exist. And that's why they moved in The Degree Of The Presence Of Related It Causes. No doubt the root of the trouble lies in the reason of such conduct, and the picture clearly shows that, that flaw, that was allowed even if Creating These Madmen. And who is their Creator? It's not hard to guess… All these issues require special consideration in a separate topic.
Creative Fund Of Infinite Space.
In any case, do not forget to help those, whom Love, telling Laws Nature, and assisting in the understanding These Laws. Cosmos Loves You Always.


data relative to you as an individual (surname, name, address, e-mail, telephone number, telefax number, date of birth), as well as language and vehicle license plate number.
data relative to the methods of payment or relating to payments (e.g. banking information, details of credit cards).
date of arrival and duration of visit.
data relative to access, utilization and communication.
data regarding access, utilization and communication, which are processed for security reasons and to guarantee correct functioning of the Internet page.
for legitimate interests (art. 6, section 1, para. f) of the RGPD).
Your consent is necessary if special categories of personal data are processed during the course of your visit to Residence Klementhof.
These cookies are stored on the user's device only during the session itself and are used to ensure that the web site functions correctly. Analytical cookies, which are utilized for processing statistical access data, are classified as technical cookies. These collect general information without any identification of the client.
Profiling cookies are used to identify the way in which the user navigates the site, including their preferences, etc., in order to send promotional messages relative to products previously viewed or similar products.
Third-party cookies are those featured by other web sites. By closing the information banner or clicking on any section of the site, the user consents to the use of these cookies.
Which cookies are used on this web site?
This site uses technical and third-party cookies.
To this end, we maintain sites on facebook.
IT specialist for the remote maintenance of the hotel programme.
Your personal data may also be collected from booking portals.
1.1. The company KLEMENT Gottfried (Residence KLEMENTHOF), address: Natz, Schlossergasse 46 – I – 39040 Natz-Schabs (BZ), phone: +39 0475 41 55 11 – E-Mail: info@klementhof.it is responsible for the protection of data with regard to the processing of personal data in the Touristmanager software, which is used to manage guests.
1.2. The Company respects and protects the rights for the protection of data and privacy. They will take every measure legally required to protect the guests' personal data.
1.3. The following information will provide you with a quick, simple overview of that personal that will be processed for you as an interested party and/or guest, for which purposes and on which legal basis. Furthermore, it will also inform you about your rights related to data protection, the so-called rights of the affected party.
2.1. In particular, Touristmanager manages and processes the data of the Company's (potential) guests, specifically names, addresses, services used, documents and correspondence associated with such services, gender, nationality, country of origin, document data, bookkeeping and payment figures, indicated interests and indicated intolerances, handicaps and other health-related information and information related to registration and stay at accommodations. Using this information, the Company can complete the services for local taxes, registration of the guests with their accommodations (such as reports to police) and the necessary statistics. To the extent that the corresponding data is not provided, the Company will not be able to provide the services as a rule.
2.2. The legal basis for processing this data is, on the one hand, the necessity for the fulfillment of the Company's contract with the guest or the execution of the pre-contractual measures that can be revoked by the guest at any time upon request (Art. 6, Paragraph 1, lit. b of the GDPR) or, in particular with regard to any potential health information, the respective (express) agreement (Art. 6, Paragraph 1, lit. a of the GDPR and Art. 9, Paragraph 2, lit. a of the GDPR). The revocation may be declared by email sent to LTS at gdpr@LTS.it, whereby LTS will immediately transfer the revocation to the Company. The contractual data will be processed until the contractual purpose has been completed and for legal obligations of storage, in particular in accordance with tax and/or commercial law or with regard to the legal basis of the agreement until the point of revocation.
2.3. The Company operates as the IT service provider for the technical operation of Touristmanager on behalf of LTS, the Landesverband der Tourismusorganisationen Südtirols (National Association of Tourism Organizations in Southern Tyrol), via Conciapelli 60, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Tel +39 0471 978060, Fax +39 0471 977661, e-Mail: info@LTS.it, Web: www.LTS.it, (hereafter LTS), which will receive the data indicated above under some circumstances. The Company has concluded the agreements necessary for data protection with LTS so that the data indicated above will only be processed in a legal and secure manner.
3.1 Right of Revocation To the extent that processing is based on (express) agreement, the person affected by the data processing has the right to revoke the agreement at any time without affecting the legality of the processing performed based on the agreement up to the point of revocation. Regarding the process, refer to Item 2.2 above.
3.2 Right of Information Each person affected by processing the data has the right to demand confirmation from the responsible party regarding whether the responsible party is processing personal data. If that is the case, the affected person has a right to be informed about said personal data (copy of the personal data, that is the object of processing) and about the following information: (a) the purpose of the processing, (b) the categories of personal data that will be processed, (c) the recipients or categories of recipients who will or may receive the personal data, especially recipients in foreign countries or international organizations, (d) the planned period during which the personal data will be stored if possible, or the criteria for determining the period, if not possible, (e) the existence of a right of correction or deletion of the personal data or limitation of processing by the responsible party or a right of complaint against processing, (f) the existence of a right of complaint to an overseeing committee, (g) all information about the source of the data if it is not collected from the affected person, (h) the (non-)existence of automated decision-making, including profiling. The responsible party will make a copy of the personal data that is the object of processing available. The responsible party may demand appropriate compensation on the basis of the administrative expenses for all additional copies requested by the affected person. If the affected person submits the request electronically, the information must be made available in a standard electronic format, if not otherwise specified.
3.3 Right of Correction and Deletion The affected person has the right to demand the immediate correction of incorrect personal data affecting them. In consideration of the purposes for processing the data, the affected person has the right to demand the completion of incomplete personal data, even by means of a supplement declaration. Furthermore, the affected person has the right to demand that the responsible party immediately delete personal data affecting them. The responsible party shall be obligated to delete the personal data immediately, if the following reasons do not affect such deletion. (a) The personal data will no longer be used for the purposes for which it was collected or process in any other manner. (b) The affected person has revoked their agreement that is the basis for processing and there are no other legal reasons for processing the data. (c) The affected person has complained against the processing (see the next item below). (d) The personal data has been processed illegally. (e) Deletion of the personal data is required for fulfillment of a legal obligation with which the responsible party must comply. (f) The personal data was acquired as part of a service offer from an information company (agreement by a child). In particular, the right of deletion does not exist if the processing is required for the fulfillment of the responsible party's legal obligations or for the exercise of a duty that is in the public interest or the exercise of public power that has been transferred to the responsible party and/or for the enforcement, exercise or defense of legal claims.
3.4 Right of Limitation of Processing The affected person has the right to demand the limitation of processing from the responsible party, if one of the following prerequisites exists. (a) the correctness of the personal data is disputed by the person affected for a period that allows the responsible party to examine the correctness of the personal data, (b) the processing is illegal and the affected person rejects the deletion of the personal data and instead demands the limitation of the usage of the personal data, (c) the responsible party no longer need the personal data for the purpose of processing, however the affected person requires it for the enforcement, exercise or defense of legal claims or (d) the affected person has submitted a complaint against the processing as long as it has not been determined if the justified grounds of the responsible party supersede those of the affected person. If processing has been limited, such personal data (regardless of its retention) may only be processed with the agreement of the affected person, for the enforcement, exercise or defense of legal claims, for the protection of the rights another natural or legal entity or for reasons of important public interest of the Union or a member state. The responsible party will inform an affected person who has obtained a limitation of processing, before the limitation is released.
3.5 Right to Transfer Data If processing is based on an agreement or contract and it will employ automated procedure, the affected person has the right to receive the personal data that they have provided to the responsible party in a structured, popular, electronic format. For the exercise of their right to transfer the data, the affected person must obtain the right that the personal data will be transferred directly from a responsible party to another responsible party, if such is feasible at the technical level.
3.6 Right of Complaint The affected person has the right to submit a complaint for reasons that result from their special situation at any time against the processing of the personal data that is required for the exercise of a duty, that is in the public interest or in the exercise of public power, which has been transferred to the responsible party or the exercise of the responsible party's justified interests or is required by a third party. The responsible party will then cease processing the personal data, unless they can prove absolute reasons worthy of protection for processing it, which supersede the interests, rights and freedoms of the affected person or the processing serves the enforcement, exercise or defense of legal claims. If personal data will be processed to operate direct marketing, the affected person has the right to submit complaints at any time against the processing of the personal data for purposes of such advertisement. If the affected person complains about the processing for purposes of direct marketing, the personal data may not be used for this purpose.
3.7 Right to Complain to an Overseeing Authority Each affected person has the right to complain to an overseeing authority regardless of any other legal aid for management or courts, in particular in the member country where they reside, where they work or the city of the suspected breach, if the affected person believes that the processing of their personal data is contrary to the legal guidelines. The contact data for the Italian Data Protection Authority is Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, Piazza di Monte Citorio 121, 00186 Rome, Italy, garante@gpdp.it.


text:
Computer Arts wins big at the Digital Magazine Awards
( Computer Arts )
CA's interactive iPad edition is Visual Arts Magazine of the Year for the second year running at the DMAs – try it for yourself now!
Jo Gulliver was highly commended
Computer Arts has scooped Visual Arts Magazine of the Year at the Digital Magazine Awards for the second year running – with CA's Art Editor Jo Gulliver highly commended for Designer of the Year, in a tough field that included representatives from GQ, Elle, Shortlist and BBC Top Gear magazine.
The team walked away with the award following a year that's seen a succession of innovative, interactive digital cover treatments – in particular – that have pushed the boundaries of digital publishing.
Highlights include a wipe-to-reveal cover on the Money Issue to simulate the scratch-off latex finish in print; an animated 3D scene for the Innovation issue (opens in new tab), with drones buzzing around a giant neon lightbulb; and a simulated 'glow' that could be tapped on and off to complement the Global Design issue's glow-in-the-dark print cover.
Tailored for tablet
With a slick iPad-optimised UI, bonus image galleries and plenty of extra content to give iPad readers a bespoke experience, CA's iPad edition is packed with insight and inspiration for designers – and has gone from strength to strength in 2014.
Want to try it? You can have a play, for free, with a 30-day trial. You can also now subscribe to both the premium print and interactive iPad editions in one discounted bundle, and save up to 61% (opens in new tab) in the process.
Don't miss Computer Arts' exclusive Designer Series video documentaries, which are available to CA's iPad readers at the tap of a button. Having begun with the redesign in 2013, these have branched out on location interviewing legendary designer Stefan Sagmeister at Design Indaba in Cape Town and popular illustrator Jon Burgerman at OFFSET in Dublin, as well as giving a glimpse inside many of the UK's leading design agencies. Get 10 issues free when you subscribe.
iPad readers can also enjoy the Design Matters idents that kick off each issue, the results of an open brief to talented animators and motion graphics artists from around the world to interpret the magazine's tagline.
If you'd like to have a go, drop the Computer Arts crew a line at: hello@computerarts.co.uk with a link to your portfolio site and the subject line: Design Matters.
I can't get enough of the National Portrait Gallery rebrand
Vegan restaurant cheekily trolls McDonald's branding
This optical illusion is doubly confusing


text:
module DragOrder::PageControllerExtensions

  def move_to
    @page = Page.find(params[:id])
    @old_parent = @page.parent
    @current_position = params[:pos].to_i

    ensure_no_nil_position_values

    remove_page_from_old_position unless copying?

    @target = Page.find(params[:rel])

    make_room_for_page if @current_position != 2

    if copying?
      @orig_parts = @page.parts
      @orig_children = @page.children
      @page = @page.clone
    end

    @target.reload

    put_page

    solve_slug_conflicts if copying? || new_parent_different?

    if @page.save

      if copying?
        create_copy_of_parts
        @orig_children.each do |child|
          copy_child(child, @page)
        end
      end

      clear_cache
      redirect_back_or_to_admin_pages_page

    else
      flash[:notice] = "There was a problem copying the page. Please check for duplicate slugs and try again."
      redirect_back_or_to_admin_pages_page
    end
  end

private
  def copying?
    params[:copy].to_i > 0
  end

  def copy_child(child, page)
    original_parts = child.parts
    original_fields = child.fields
    original_children = child.children
    child = child.clone
    child.parent = page
    child.save
    original_parts.each do |op|
      klass = op.class
      part = klass.create({
        :name => op.name,
        :page_id => child.id,
        :filter_id => op.filter_id,
        :content => op.content
      })
    end
    original_fields.each do |op|
      PageField.create({
        :name => op.name,
        :page_id => child.id,
        :content => op.content
      })
    end
    original_children.each do |c|
      copy_child(c, child)
    end
  end

  def ensure_no_nil_position_values
    if @page.newly_created_siblings?
      i = 1
      @page.siblings_and_self.each do |p|
        p.position = i
        p.save
        i += 1
      end
      @page.reload
    end
  end

  def remove_page_from_old_position
    @page.following_siblings.each do |sibling|
      sibling.position -= 1
      sibling.save!
    end
  end

  def put_page
    if @current_position != 2
      @page.parent = @target.parent
      @page.position = @target.position.to_i + (@current_position == 1 ? 1 : -1)
    else
      @page.parent = @target
      @page.position = 1
    end
  end

  def make_room_for_page
    new_siblings = Page.children_of_after_position(@target.parent_id, @target.position + @current_position)
    new_siblings.each do |sibling|
      if sibling != @page || copying?
        sibling.position += 1
        sibling.save!
      end
    end
  end

  def new_parent_different?
    # @page.parent.changed? always gives false...
    @page.parent != @old_parent
  end

  def solve_slug_conflicts
    check_slug = @page.slug.sub(/-copy-?[0-9]*$/, "")
    count = 0
    parent_id = @current_position == 2 ? @target.id : @target.parent.id
    duplicates = Page.children_of_with_slug_like(parent_id, check_slug )
    duplicates.each do |d|
      m = d.slug.match("^#{check_slug}(-copy-?([0-9]*))?$")
      if !m.nil?
        if !(m[2].nil? || m[2] == "")
          nc = m[2].to_i + 1
        elsif m[1]
          nc = 2
        else
          nc = 1
        end
        count = nc if nc > count
      end
    end
    if count > 0
      # Remove old copy counters
      re = / - COPY ?[0-9]*$/
      @page.title.sub! re, ""
      @page.breadcrumb.sub! re, ""
      # Add new copy counters
      @page.slug = check_slug + "-copy" + (count > 1 ? "-" + count.to_s : "")
      @page.title += " - COPY" + (count > 1 ? " " + count.to_s : "")
      @page.breadcrumb += " - COPY" + (count > 1 ? " " + count.to_s : "")
    end
  end

  def create_copy_of_parts
    @orig_parts.each do |op|
      klass = op.class
      part = klass.create({
        :name => op.name,
        :page_id => @page.id,
        :filter_id => op.filter_id,
        :content => op.content
      })
    end
  end

  def redirect_back_or_to_admin_pages_page
    request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] ? redirect_to(:back) : redirect_to(admin_page_url)
  end

  def clear_cache
    if defined? ResponseCache == 'constant'
      ResponseCache.instance.clear
    else
      Radiant::Cache.clear
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Sundays are the biggest day for our Preschool Ministry. We start with offering Bible Study which is our equivalent of Sunday School. These classes are grouped by developmental level until the age of two. After age two, children are grouped by age. These classes remain the same for the entire church year. Our new church year starts the last Sunday in August. By staying in the same class your child is able to build relationships as well as skills that are relevant to their developmental stage.
The curriculum we use on Sunday mornings is called "Bible Studies for Life" by Lifeway. Your child will learn developmentally appropriate lessons each week based on their Spiritual level of understanding.
Our computerized check-in system provides you with two labels. The first is a name tag for your child, the second is a receipt which you must surrender at pick up. Your child will not be released to anyone without the receipt or to anyone under 18 years of age.
Everyone that teaches in our preschool area has had an recent background check. This includes the following programs: CDC, Childcare, Bible Study, Wednesday night programming, Camps and any special emphasis weeks such as VBS or Special Events.
After checking in, proceed to the classroom indicated on your child's name tag. Please make the teachers aware of any allergies or special circumstances.
It is natural for young children to have difficulty separating from their parents. You can help to ease the process by reassuring your child you will be back and then exiting quickly. Should your child not settle in a reasonable amount of time, you will be notified by text message.
Please pick your child up promptly at the end of the session. This will minimize his/her anxiety and shows respect for our valued staff. Be ready to submit your receipt when picking up your child.
Please dress your child comfortably for active play. Preschoolers learn by doing, and doing can sometimes be messy. Therefore, a change of clothing is recommended for all preschoolers. All items brought to church must be clearly labeled with the child's name. Please bring any diapers, bottles, pacifiers, etc. your child may need. Toys from home are discouraged, as preschoolers have difficulty sharing their belongings.
Younger preschoolers (under age two) are placed in classrooms according to their age as well as their stage of development. Older preschoolers (twos through Pre-K) are placed according to their age on September 1st of the current school year.
Light snacks are served during most sessions. Saltines, graham crackers, animal cookies, cheerios, goldfish and water are standard fare. Occasionally other foods are used as part of a teaching experience. When we serve special snacks or treats we will post an allergy alert sign. Please take note of these and inform the teacher of any pertinent allergies, or if you prefer your child not be given snacks.
Teachers will happily work with you toward toilet training your child. There is a lot of activity in our Preschool classrooms. This can be distracting to young children and accidents do happen. Be sure to bring a complete change of clothes until the toilet training process is complete.
A room has been designated in the preschool hallway as a comfortable and private nursing area. There is also a nursing room available in the ladies restroom on the North Hallway off of the Worship Center.
Parents will be notified if a child should become ill during a session. Keep your child at home if he/she exhibits symptoms of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, or any potentially contagious condition. (see list below) When in doubt about your child's health, please apply the Golden Rule. FYI Volunteer and Childcare Teachers cannot administer medications. Below is a chart of our illness guidelines for sick children.
While this list is by no means exhaustive it contains the most common illnesses that we face.
If you have a concern about whether your child is well enough to attend our programs please email our Preschool Minister (smcclelland@fbclewisville.org) or call 972-436-5502 to verify.
Due to the two hour nature of the Preschool care offerings, Preschool Parents who have children enrolled in our ministry areas are asked to serve during their Worship Hour on a rotating basis in the Preschool area. You will be contacted about this commitment.
Need more information and advice about parenting issues? Want a faith based forum to ask parenting questions? Check out the links below.


Ten things I learned on my first trip to the Common Ground Country Fair in Unity Maine.
Normally, I am an exceptionally prepared person but when I decided to head up to Unity for the last day of the Common Ground Country Fair I jumped into the car on a whim and with no supplies. We had just celebrated the first day of fall but the temperatures were rebelling and heading up towards the 90s. A few basics like sunscreen and water would have been helpful, but fortunately it didn't ruin my first experience at the Common Ground Country Fair.
The Common Ground Country Fair is a sponsored by the Maine Organic Farmers & Gardeners Association (MOFGA) and celebrates organic agriculture and rural life. This scouting trip gave me a basic overview of the event and will help me be better prepared next time I head back for hopefully a longer visit.
Come Prepared with Supplies. The Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association website has comprehensive fair information with important tips on how to have a healthy visit to the fair. It's on the main page. It's clear and concise. I will review it before my next trip. At the top of my list for next year are a water bottle, sunscreen, and a baseball hat. Fortunately, there were many drinking water stations setup throughout the fair.
Bring a Reusable Shopping Bag. I keep a stack of reusable bags in my car so I always have them readily available. What I fail to do is take them out of the car to bring with me, so generally I arrive at my destination bag free. I realized I had repeated my long-standing tradition of forgetting them in my car only after going through the entrance gate to the fair. I contemplated heading back to get them, but my car wasn't close and I had limited time. I made do with a brown paper shopping bag I got with my purchased rye flour although it was in tatters by the end. A combination of over filling it with purchases, and holding it with my sweaty hands, broke down the integrity of the bag and it had started to rip in a few places but fortunately I made it back to the car before a catastrophic breach.
Understand the Layout. With my limited time, I was still able to visit most areas of the fair, although I might have passed over a few spots too quickly. As you walk through the entrance, they were handing out copies of the Autumn issue of the Maine Organic Farmer & Gardner with comprehensive information on the fair along with a schedule of events so you can plan out your visit. Overall, the fairgrounds were laid out like a wheel with spokes and a large common area in the middle. It made it easy to navigate.
Bring a Good Camera. While my iPhone was serviceable, I saw many people with more elaborate cameras hanging from their necks. I understood why photographers would be drawn here after only a short time at the fair. Who doesn't want pictures of adorable farm animals and delicious fresh veggies?
Attend Some Educational Sessions. My short three-hour visit was barely enough time to fully walk the fair and did not leave enough extra time to attend any of the educational sessions scheduled throughout the day. There was an extensive range of sessions lined up for each day, covering many interesting topics. On my next trip, I hope I can join a few sessions.
Take Cash & Small Bills. There were local vendors throughout the fair and ample shopping opportunities. With the advent of products like square it's much easier to use credit cards at venues like this but, even so, there are always some smaller vendors that can only accept cash. You don't want to miss out on that perfect souvenir.
Come Hungry. There were so many fun, interesting food vendors to choose from and I was a little sad that I was only there during one meal. I ended up with a slice of brick oven pizza and ice water. Bottle water is not sold at the fair. The food was diverse and not your typical fair selections although there was organic funnel cake. Sadly, I was too full to try it even though I always get funnel cake at a fair. It gives me another reason to head back again next year. I need to try that funnel cake.
Buy Tickets in Advance. Since this was a last-minute decision, I bought my ticket at the door which worked out fine but it was more expensive than buying them ahead of time. For this year's fair, the cost was $15 at the door, or $10 in advance. Even better, join MOFGA and get free admission with your membership. Current membership rates are $40 for individuals and $60 for families.
Prepare for Cuteness Overload. Entering through the Rose Gate, the first area I wandered to was the livestock area. This expansive space showcased everything from bunnies to oxen. One especially relaxed pig was taking a nap in his water trough.
Plan for Traffic. Unity is a few hours from my home. It was an easy drive, mostly on the turnpike, but as you get closer to the fair it does start to get more congested. They've been running this fair for many years, so they were well setup and moving cars along incredibly efficiently. Even so, it was a bit slow going towards the end. It was congested as I was leaving too although at that point I was incredibly happy to be sitting in an air-conditioned car.
This was much too short a visit and impossible to truly see everything but it was a nice first exposure to the Common Ground Country Fair. It provided great incentive for me to head back again next year.
Favorite ♥ Local Food – All in One Place!
A Visit to Urban Farm Fermentory for Kombucha and a Tasting Flight.
AWESOME POST! I always like the county fairs and events where there are many vendors are set up about homesteading. They have a lot of natural and homemade products. Thanks for sharing!
It is great to have so many local vendors in one place.
This looks like a fantastic event (though I admit I thought there would be rides involved with a fair!).
Rides would be a good addition. They'd have to be solar powered though.
They probably wouldn't be terribly exciting, then!
Thank you. I thought it was so funny the way he was keeping an eye on the booth.
This event is such fun and great opportunity for photos. September warmth was not as pleasant as other years.
There is so much to see at the fair. I took tons of photos!


Bathed in sunshine are exceptionally pink lotus blossoms.
How to Get There? Take Tourist line 1, 2, 3, get off at the Xiling Qiao stop, or take bus 7, 27, 507, get off at the Geling stop.
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Do You Have a Property in Dewitt County You Need to Sell?
Do you want a GREAT price without the waiting and hassles of listing?
Tired of paying property taxes on a run-down property?
Ready to move quickly for a new job?
About to lose your house to foreclosure?
Looking for a larger or smaller home to meet your family's needs?
Going through a divorce or separation, and would like to sell in a timely manner?
Stuck with a home that has more repairs needed than you can afford to make?
Sick of playing landlord to a run-down property or dealing with disrespectful tenants?
Listing Can Be Expensive! And the Process Can Take Months!
You have options when you want to sell. There is a different solution that will work best for each situation, and we want to help you find the one that's right for you!
When you list, agent fees, and commissions can cost thousands. In some cases, it pays off. But many other times, you become obligated to an agent, meanwhile, you are doing all the work yourself! There are no guarantees that say you will get your asking price, or that the property will close on a certain day. Most of the time, repairs and upgrades are needed in order to get your asking price. You will have to pay for these costs upfront before listing your home. Many sellers find that a direct sale is the best and most lucrative choice for them!
Find out what we can do for you! Fill out this short form to get started!
Contact us at any time with questions or to discuss your property in greater detail!
Anchored Sunshine, LLC is buying homes in all conditions. We are buying run-down properties, properties with tenants and properties that had been considered unsellable! You don't have to feel stuck with a home you no longer want to own! Call us now to find out how we can help you!
Can You Get Your House In Dewitt County Back After Foreclosure?


text:
package org.apache.calcite.test;

import org.apache.calcite.adapter.java.ReflectiveSchema;
import org.apache.calcite.avatica.util.DateTimeUtils;
import org.apache.calcite.jdbc.CalciteConnection;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Enumerable;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Linq4j;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.QueryProvider;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.function.Function1;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.function.Predicate1;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.tree.Expression;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.tree.Expressions;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.tree.ParameterExpression;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.tree.Primitive;
import org.apache.calcite.linq4j.tree.Types;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.SchemaPlus;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.impl.AbstractSchema;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.impl.TableMacroImpl;
import org.apache.calcite.schema.impl.ViewTable;

import com.google.common.base.Function;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Time;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import static org.apache.calcite.test.JdbcTest.Employee;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link ReflectiveSchema}.
 */
public class ReflectiveSchemaTest {
  public static final Method LINQ4J_AS_ENUMERABLE_METHOD =
      Types.lookupMethod(
          Linq4j.class, "asEnumerable", Object[].class);

  /**
   * Test that uses a JDBC connection as a linq4j
   * {@link org.apache.calcite.linq4j.QueryProvider}.
   *
   * @throws Exception on error
   */
  @Test public void testQueryProvider() throws Exception {
    Connection connection = CalciteAssert.getConnection("hr", "foodmart");
    QueryProvider queryProvider = connection.unwrap(QueryProvider.class);
    ParameterExpression e = Expressions.parameter(Employee.class, "e");

    // "Enumerable<T> asEnumerable(final T[] ts)"
    List<Object[]> list =
        queryProvider.createQuery(
            Expressions.call(
                Expressions.call(
                    Types.of(Enumerable.class, Employee.class),
                    null,
                    LINQ4J_AS_ENUMERABLE_METHOD,
                    Expressions.constant(
                        new JdbcTest.HrSchema().emps)),
                "asQueryable"),
            Employee.class)
            .where(
                Expressions.<Predicate1<Employee>>lambda(
                    Expressions.lessThan(
                        Expressions.field(
                            e, "empid"),
                        Expressions.constant(160)),
                    e))
            .where(
                Expressions.<Predicate1<Employee>>lambda(
                    Expressions.greaterThan(
                        Expressions.field(
                            e, "empid"),
                        Expressions.constant(140)),
                    e))
            .select(
                Expressions.<Function1<Employee, Object[]>>lambda(
                    Expressions.new_(
                        Object[].class,
                        Expressions.field(
                            e, "empid"),
                        Expressions.call(
                            Expressions.field(
                                e, "name"),
                            "toUpperCase")),
                    e))
            .toList();
    assertEquals(1, list.size());
    assertEquals(2, list.get(0).length);
    assertEquals(150, list.get(0)[0]);
    assertEquals("SEBASTIAN", list.get(0)[1]);
  }

  @Test public void testQueryProviderSingleColumn() throws Exception {
    Connection connection = CalciteAssert.getConnection("hr", "foodmart");
    QueryProvider queryProvider = connection.unwrap(QueryProvider.class);
    ParameterExpression e = Expressions.parameter(Employee.class, "e");

    // "Enumerable<T> asEnumerable(final T[] ts)"
    List<Integer> list =
        queryProvider.createQuery(
            Expressions.call(
                Expressions.call(
                    Types.of(Enumerable.class, Employee.class),
                    null,
                    LINQ4J_AS_ENUMERABLE_METHOD,
                    Arrays.<Expression>asList(
                        Expressions.constant(
                            new JdbcTest.HrSchema().emps))), "asQueryable"),
            Employee.class)
            .select(Expressions.<Function1<Employee, Integer>>lambda(
                Expressions.field(e, "empid"),
                e))
            .toList();
    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(100, 200, 150, 110), list);
  }

  /**
   * Tests a relation that is accessed via method syntax.
   * The function returns a {@link org.apache.calcite.linq4j.Queryable}.
   */
  @Ignore
  @Test public void testOperator() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
    Connection connection =
        DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:calcite:");
    CalciteConnection calciteConnection =
        connection.unwrap(CalciteConnection.class);
    SchemaPlus rootSchema = calciteConnection.getRootSchema();
    SchemaPlus schema = rootSchema.add("s", new AbstractSchema());
    schema.add("GenerateStrings",
        TableMacroImpl.create(JdbcTest.GENERATE_STRINGS_METHOD));
    schema.add("StringUnion",
        TableMacroImpl.create(JdbcTest.STRING_UNION_METHOD));
    rootSchema.add("hr", new ReflectiveSchema(new JdbcTest.HrSchema()));
    ResultSet resultSet = connection.createStatement().executeQuery(
        "select *\n"
        + "from table(s.StringUnion(\n"
        + "  GenerateStrings(5),\n"
        + "  cursor (select name from emps)))\n"
        + "where char_length(s) > 3");
    assertTrue(resultSet.next());
  }

  /**
   * Tests a view.
   */
  @Test public void testView() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
    Connection connection =
        DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:calcite:");
    CalciteConnection calciteConnection =
        connection.unwrap(CalciteConnection.class);
    SchemaPlus rootSchema = calciteConnection.getRootSchema();
    SchemaPlus schema = rootSchema.add("s", new AbstractSchema());
    schema.add("emps_view",
        ViewTable.viewMacro(schema,
            "select * from \"hr\".\"emps\" where \"deptno\" = 10",
            null));
    rootSchema.add("hr", new ReflectiveSchema(new JdbcTest.HrSchema()));
    ResultSet resultSet = connection.createStatement().executeQuery(
        "select *\n"
        + "from \"s\".\"emps_view\"\n"
        + "where \"empid\" < 120");
    assertEquals(
        "empid=100; deptno=10; name=Bill; salary=10000.0; commission=1000\n"
        + "empid=110; deptno=10; name=Theodore; salary=11500.0; commission=250\n",
        CalciteAssert.toString(resultSet));
  }

  /**
   * Tests a view with a path.
   */
  @Test public void testViewPath() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
    Connection connection =
        DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:calcite:");
    CalciteConnection calciteConnection =
        connection.unwrap(CalciteConnection.class);
    SchemaPlus rootSchema = calciteConnection.getRootSchema();
    SchemaPlus schema = rootSchema.add("s", new AbstractSchema());
    // create a view s.emps based on hr.emps. uses explicit schema path "hr".
    schema.add("emps",
        ViewTable.viewMacro(schema,
            "select * from \"emps\" where \"deptno\" = 10",
            Collections.singletonList("hr")));
    schema.add("hr_emps",
        ViewTable.viewMacro(schema,
            "select * from \"emps\"",
            Collections.singletonList("hr")));
    schema.add("s_emps",
        ViewTable.viewMacro(schema,
            "select * from \"emps\"",
            Collections.singletonList("s")));
    schema.add("null_emps",
        ViewTable.viewMacro(schema, "select * from \"emps\"", null));
    rootSchema.add("hr", new ReflectiveSchema(new JdbcTest.HrSchema()));
    final Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
    ResultSet resultSet;
    resultSet = statement.executeQuery(
        "select * from \"s\".\"hr_emps\"");
    assertEquals(4, count(resultSet)); // "hr_emps" -> "hr"."emps", 4 rows
    resultSet = statement.executeQuery(
        "select * from \"s\".\"s_emps\""); // "s_emps" -> "s"."emps", 3 rows
    assertEquals(3, count(resultSet));
    resultSet = statement.executeQuery(
        "select * from \"s\".\"null_emps\""); // "null_emps" -> "s"."emps", 3
    assertEquals(3, count(resultSet));
    statement.close();
  }

  private int count(ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
    int i = 0;
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      ++i;
    }
    resultSet.close();
    return i;
  }

  /** Tests column based on java.sql.Date field. */
  @Test public void testDateColumn() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new DateColumnSchema())
        .query("select * from \"s\".\"emps\"")
        .returns(""
            + "hireDate=1970-01-01; empid=10; deptno=20; name=fred; salary=0.0; commission=null\n"
            + "hireDate=1970-04-11; empid=10; deptno=20; name=bill; salary=0.0; commission=null\n");
  }

  /** Tests querying an object that has no public fields. */
  @Test public void testNoPublicFields() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select 1 from \"s\".\"allPrivates\"")
        .returns("EXPR$0=1\n");
    with.query("select \"x\" from \"s\".\"allPrivates\"")
        .throws_("Column 'x' not found in any table");
  }

  /** Tests columns based on types such as java.sql.Date and java.util.Date.
   *
   * @see CatchallSchema#everyTypes */
  @Test public void testColumnTypes() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select \"primitiveBoolean\" from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returns("primitiveBoolean=false\n"
            + "primitiveBoolean=true\n");
    with.query("select * from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returns(""
            + "primitiveBoolean=false; primitiveByte=0; primitiveChar=\u0000; primitiveShort=0; primitiveInt=0; primitiveLong=0; primitiveFloat=0.0; primitiveDouble=0.0; wrapperBoolean=false; wrapperByte=0; wrapperCharacter=\u0000; wrapperShort=0; wrapperInteger=0; wrapperLong=0; wrapperFloat=0.0; wrapperDouble=0.0; sqlDate=1970-01-01; sqlTime=00:00:00; sqlTimestamp=1970-01-01 00:00:00; utilDate=1970-01-01 00:00:00; string=1\n"
            + "primitiveBoolean=true; primitiveByte=127; primitiveChar=\uffff; primitiveShort=32767; primitiveInt=2147483647; primitiveLong=9223372036854775807; primitiveFloat=3.4028235E38; primitiveDouble=1.7976931348623157E308; wrapperBoolean=null; wrapperByte=null; wrapperCharacter=null; wrapperShort=null; wrapperInteger=null; wrapperLong=null; wrapperFloat=null; wrapperDouble=null; sqlDate=null; sqlTime=null; sqlTimestamp=null; utilDate=null; string=null\n");
  }

  /**
   * Tests NOT for nullable columns
   * @see CatchallSchema#everyTypes */
  @Test public void testWhereNOT() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query(
        "select \"wrapperByte\" from \"s\".\"everyTypes\" where NOT (\"wrapperByte\" is null)")
        .returnsUnordered("wrapperByte=0");
  }

  /**
   * Tests NOT for nullable columns
   * @see CatchallSchema#everyTypes */
  @Test public void testSelectNOT() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query(
        "select NOT \"wrapperBoolean\" \"value\" from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returnsUnordered(
            "value=null",
            "value=true");
  }

  /** Tests columns based on types such as java.sql.Date and java.util.Date.
   *
   * @see CatchallSchema#everyTypes */
  @Test public void testAggregateFunctions() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that()
            .with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    checkAgg(with, "min");
    checkAgg(with, "max");
    checkAgg(with, "avg");
    checkAgg(with, "count");
  }

  private void checkAgg(CalciteAssert.AssertThat with, String fn) {
    for (Field field
        : fn.equals("avg") ? EveryType.numericFields() : EveryType.fields()) {
      with.query("select " + fn + "(\"" + field.getName() + "\") as c\n"
          + "from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
          .returns(CalciteAssert.<ResultSet, Void>constantNull());
    }
  }

  @Test public void testClassNames() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query("select * from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returns(
            new Function<ResultSet, Void>() {
              public Void apply(ResultSet input) {
                try {
                  final ResultSetMetaData metaData = input.getMetaData();
                  check(metaData, "primitiveBoolean", Boolean.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveByte", Byte.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveChar", String.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveShort", Short.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveInt", Integer.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveLong", Long.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveFloat", Float.class);
                  check(metaData, "primitiveDouble", Double.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperBoolean", Boolean.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperByte", Byte.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperCharacter", String.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperShort", Short.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperInteger", Integer.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperLong", Long.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperFloat", Float.class);
                  check(metaData, "wrapperDouble", Double.class);
                  check(metaData, "sqlDate", java.sql.Date.class);
                  check(metaData, "sqlTime", Time.class);
                  check(metaData, "sqlTimestamp", Timestamp.class);
                  check(metaData, "utilDate", Timestamp.class);
                  check(metaData, "string", String.class);
                  return null;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                  throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
              }

              private void check(ResultSetMetaData metaData, String columnName,
                  Class expectedType) throws SQLException {
                for (int i = 1; i <= metaData.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                  if (metaData.getColumnName(i).equals(columnName)) {
                    assertThat(metaData.getColumnClassName(i),
                        equalTo(expectedType.getName()));
                    return;
                  }
                }
                Assert.fail("column not found: " + columnName);
              }
            });
  }

  @Test public void testJavaBoolean() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select count(*) as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
        + "where \"primitiveBoolean\"")
        .returns("C=1\n");
    with.query("select count(*) as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
        + "where \"wrapperBoolean\"")
        .returns("C=0\n");
    with.query("select count(*) as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
        + "where \"wrapperBoolean\" is not true")
        .returns("C=2\n");
    with.query("select count(*) as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
        + "where \"primitiveInt\" > 0")
        .returns("C=1\n");
  }

  /** Test case for
   * CALCITE-119,
   * "Comparing a Java type long with a SQL type INTEGER gives wrong answer". */
  @Test public void testCompareJavaAndSqlTypes() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    // With CALCITE-119, returned 0 rows. The problem was that when comparing
    // a Java type (long) and a SQL type (INTEGER), the SQL type was deemed
    // "less restrictive". So, the long value got truncated to an int value.
    with.query("select \"primitiveLong\" as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
        + "where \"primitiveLong\" > 0")
        .returns("C=9223372036854775807\n");

    // count(nullif(b, false)) counts how many times b is true
    with.query("select count(\"primitiveBoolean\") as p,\n"
        + "  count(\"wrapperBoolean\") as w,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"primitiveShort\" >= 0, false)) as sp,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"wrapperShort\" >= 0, false)) as sw,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"primitiveInt\" >= 0, false)) as ip,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"wrapperInteger\" >= 0, false)) as iw,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"primitiveLong\" >= 0, false)) as lp,\n"
        + "  count(nullif(\"wrapperLong\" >= 0, false)) as lw\n"
        + "from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returns("P=2; W=1; SP=2; SW=1; IP=2; IW=1; LP=2; LW=1\n");
  }

  @Test public void testDivideWraperPrimitive() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select \"wrapperLong\" / \"primitiveLong\" as c\n"
        + " from \"s\".\"everyTypes\" where \"primitiveLong\" <> 0")
        .planContains(
            "final Long inp13_ = current.wrapperLong;")
        .planContains(
            "return inp13_ == null ? (Long) null : Long.valueOf(inp13_.longValue() / current.primitiveLong);")
        .returns("C=null\n");
  }

  @Test public void testDivideWraperWrapper() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select \"wrapperLong\" / \"wrapperLong\" as c\n"
        + " from \"s\".\"everyTypes\" where \"primitiveLong\" <> 0")
        .planContains(
            "final Long inp13_ = ((org.apache.calcite.test.ReflectiveSchemaTest.EveryType) inputEnumerator.current()).wrapperLong;")
        .planContains(
            "return inp13_ == null ? (Long) null : Long.valueOf(inp13_.longValue() / inp13_.longValue());")
        .returns("C=null\n");
  }

  @Test public void testDivideWraperWrapperMultipleTimes() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that().with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    with.query("select \"wrapperLong\" / \"wrapperLong\"\n"
        + "+ \"wrapperLong\" / \"wrapperLong\" as c\n"
        + " from \"s\".\"everyTypes\" where \"primitiveLong\" <> 0")
        .planContains(
            "final Long inp13_ = ((org.apache.calcite.test.ReflectiveSchemaTest.EveryType) inputEnumerator.current()).wrapperLong;")
        .planContains(
            "return inp13_ == null ? (Long) null : Long.valueOf(inp13_.longValue() / inp13_.longValue() + inp13_.longValue() / inp13_.longValue());")
        .returns("C=null\n");
  }

  @Test public void testOp() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that()
            .with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    checkOp(with, "+");
    checkOp(with, "-");
    checkOp(with, "*");
    checkOp(with, "/");
  }

  private void checkOp(CalciteAssert.AssertThat with, String fn) {
    for (Field field : EveryType.numericFields()) {
      for (Field field2 : EveryType.numericFields()) {
        final String name = "\"" + field.getName() + "\"";
        final String name2 = "\"" + field2.getName() + "\"";
        with.query("select " + name + "\n"
            + " " + fn + " " + name2 + " as c\n"
            + "from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"\n"
            + "where " + name + " <> 0")
            .returns(CalciteAssert.<ResultSet, Void>constantNull());
      }
    }
  }

  @Test public void testCastFromString() {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query("select cast(\"string\" as int) as c from \"s\".\"everyTypes\"")
        .returns("C=1\n"
            + "C=null\n");
  }

  private static boolean isNumeric(Class type) {
    switch (Primitive.flavor(type)) {
    case BOX:
      return Primitive.ofBox(type).isNumeric();
    case PRIMITIVE:
      return Primitive.of(type).isNumeric();
    default:
      return Number.class.isAssignableFrom(type); // e.g. BigDecimal
    }
  }

  /** Tests that if a field of a relation has an unrecognized type (in this
   * case a {@link BitSet}) then it is treated as an object.
   *
   * @see CatchallSchema#badTypes */
  @Test public void testTableFieldHasBadType() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query("select * from \"s\".\"badTypes\"")
        .returns("integer=0; bitSet={}\n");
  }

  /** Tests that a schema with a field whose type cannot be recognized
   * throws an informative exception.
   *
   * @see CatchallSchema#enumerable
   * @see CatchallSchema#list */
  @Test public void testSchemaFieldHasBadType() throws Exception {
    final CalciteAssert.AssertThat with =
        CalciteAssert.that()
            .with("s", new CatchallSchema());
    // BitSet is not a valid relation type. It's as if "bitSet" field does
    // not exist.
    with.query("select * from \"s\".\"bitSet\"")
        .throws_("Table 's.bitSet' not found");
    // Enumerable field returns 3 records with 0 fields
    with.query("select * from \"s\".\"enumerable\"")
        .returns("\n"
            + "\n"
            + "\n"
            + "\n");
    // List is implicitly converted to Enumerable
    with.query("select * from \"s\".\"list\"")
        .returns("\n"
            + "\n"
            + "\n"
            + "\n");
  }

  /** Test case for a bug where a Java string 'Abc' compared to a char 'Ab'
   * would be truncated to the char precision and falsely match. */
  @Test public void testPrefix() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query(
            "select * from \"s\".\"prefixEmps\" where \"name\" in ('Ab', 'Abd')")
        .returns("empid=2; deptno=10; name=Ab; salary=0.0; commission=null\n"
            + "empid=4; deptno=10; name=Abd; salary=0.0; commission=null\n");
  }

  /** If a method returns a
   * {@link ViewTable}.{@code ViewTableMacro}, then it
   * should be expanded. */
  @Ignore
  @Test public void testTableMacroIsView() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new JdbcTest.HrSchema())
        .query("select * from table(\"s\".\"view\"('abc'))")
        .returns("empid=2; deptno=10; name=Ab; salary=0.0; commission=null\n"
            + "empid=4; deptno=10; name=Abd; salary=0.0; commission=null\n");
  }

  /** Finds a table-macro using reflection. */
  @Ignore
  @Test public void testTableMacro() throws Exception {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new JdbcTest.HrSchema())
        .query("select * from table(\"s\".\"foo\"(3))")
        .returns("empid=2; deptno=10; name=Ab; salary=0.0; commission=null\n"
            + "empid=4; deptno=10; name=Abd; salary=0.0; commission=null\n");
  }

  /** Table with single field as Integer[] */
  @Ignore(
      "java.lang.AssertionError RelDataTypeImpl.getFieldList(RelDataTypeImpl.java:99)")
  @Test public void testArrayOfBoxedPrimitives() {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query("select * from \"s\".\"primesBoxed\"")
        .returnsUnordered("value=1", "value=3", "value=7");
  }

  /** Table with single field as int[] */
  @Ignore(
      "java.lang.AssertionError RelDataTypeImpl.getFieldList(RelDataTypeImpl.java:99)")
  @Test public void testArrayOfPrimitives() {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new CatchallSchema())
        .query("select * from \"s\".\"primes\"")
        .returnsUnordered("value=1", "value=3", "value=7");
  }

  @Test public void testCustomBoxedScalar() {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new ReflectiveSchemaTest.CatchallSchema())
        .query("select \"value\" from \"s\".\"primesCustomBoxed\"")
        .returnsUnordered("value=1", "value=3", "value=5");
  }

  @Test public void testCustomBoxedSalarCalc() {
    CalciteAssert.that()
        .with("s", new ReflectiveSchemaTest.CatchallSchema())
        .query("select \"value\"*2 \"value\" from \"s\".\"primesCustomBoxed\"")
        .returnsUnordered("value=2", "value=6", "value=10");
  }

  /** Extension to {@link Employee} with a {@code hireDate} column. */
  public static class EmployeeWithHireDate extends Employee {
    public final java.sql.Date hireDate;

    public EmployeeWithHireDate(
        int empid, int deptno, String name, float salary, Integer commission,
        java.sql.Date hireDate) {
      super(empid, deptno, name, salary, commission);
      this.hireDate = hireDate;
    }
  }

  /** Record that has a field of every interesting type. */
  public static class EveryType {
    public final boolean primitiveBoolean;
    public final byte primitiveByte;
    public final char primitiveChar;
    public final short primitiveShort;
    public final int primitiveInt;
    public final long primitiveLong;
    public final float primitiveFloat;
    public final double primitiveDouble;
    public final Boolean wrapperBoolean;
    public final Byte wrapperByte;
    public final Character wrapperCharacter;
    public final Short wrapperShort;
    public final Integer wrapperInteger;
    public final Long wrapperLong;
    public final Float wrapperFloat;
    public final Double wrapperDouble;
    public final java.sql.Date sqlDate;
    public final Time sqlTime;
    public final Timestamp sqlTimestamp;
    public final Date utilDate;
    public final String string;

    public EveryType(
        boolean primitiveBoolean,
        byte primitiveByte,
        char primitiveChar,
        short primitiveShort,
        int primitiveInt,
        long primitiveLong,
        float primitiveFloat,
        double primitiveDouble,
        Boolean wrapperBoolean,
        Byte wrapperByte,
        Character wrapperCharacter,
        Short wrapperShort,
        Integer wrapperInteger,
        Long wrapperLong,
        Float wrapperFloat,
        Double wrapperDouble,
        java.sql.Date sqlDate,
        Time sqlTime,
        Timestamp sqlTimestamp,
        Date utilDate,
        String string) {
      this.primitiveBoolean = primitiveBoolean;
      this.primitiveByte = primitiveByte;
      this.primitiveChar = primitiveChar;
      this.primitiveShort = primitiveShort;
      this.primitiveInt = primitiveInt;
      this.primitiveLong = primitiveLong;
      this.primitiveFloat = primitiveFloat;
      this.primitiveDouble = primitiveDouble;
      this.wrapperBoolean = wrapperBoolean;
      this.wrapperByte = wrapperByte;
      this.wrapperCharacter = wrapperCharacter;
      this.wrapperShort = wrapperShort;
      this.wrapperInteger = wrapperInteger;
      this.wrapperLong = wrapperLong;
      this.wrapperFloat = wrapperFloat;
      this.wrapperDouble = wrapperDouble;
      this.sqlDate = sqlDate;
      this.sqlTime = sqlTime;
      this.sqlTimestamp = sqlTimestamp;
      this.utilDate = utilDate;
      this.string = string;
    }

    static Enumerable<Field> fields() {
      return Linq4j.asEnumerable(EveryType.class.getFields());
    }

    static Enumerable<Field> numericFields() {
      return fields()
          .where(
              new Predicate1<Field>() {
                public boolean apply(Field v1) {
                  return isNumeric(v1.getType());
                }
              });
    }
  }

  /** All field are private, therefore the resulting record has no fields. */
  public static class AllPrivate {
    private final int x = 0;
  }

  /** Table that has a field that cannot be recognized as a SQL type. */
  public static class BadType {
    public final int integer = 0;
    public final BitSet bitSet = new BitSet(0);
  }

  /** Object whose fields are relations. Called "catch-all" because it's OK
   * if tests add new fields. */
  public static class CatchallSchema {
    public final Enumerable<Employee> enumerable =
        Linq4j.asEnumerable(
            Arrays.asList(new JdbcTest.HrSchema().emps));

    public final List<Employee> list =
        Arrays.asList(new JdbcTest.HrSchema().emps);

    public final BitSet bitSet = new BitSet(1);

    public final EveryType[] everyTypes = {
      new EveryType(
          false, (byte) 0, (char) 0, (short) 0, 0, 0L, 0F, 0D,
          false, (byte) 0, (char) 0, (short) 0, 0, 0L, 0F, 0D,
          new java.sql.Date(0), new Time(0), new Timestamp(0),
          new Date(0), "1"),
      new EveryType(
          true, Byte.MAX_VALUE, Character.MAX_VALUE, Short.MAX_VALUE,
          Integer.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, Float.MAX_VALUE,
          Double.MAX_VALUE,
          null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null,
          null, null, null, null, null),
    };

    public final AllPrivate[] allPrivates = { new AllPrivate() };

    public final BadType[] badTypes = { new BadType() };

    public final Employee[] prefixEmps = {
      new Employee(1, 10, "A", 0f, null),
      new Employee(2, 10, "Ab", 0f, null),
      new Employee(3, 10, "Abc", 0f, null),
      new Employee(4, 10, "Abd", 0f, null),
    };

    public final Integer[] primesBoxed = new Integer[]{1, 3, 5};

    public final int[] primes = new int[]{1, 3, 5};

    public final IntHolder[] primesCustomBoxed =
        new IntHolder[]{new IntHolder(1), new IntHolder(3), new IntHolder(5)};
  }

  /**
   * Custom java class that holds just a single field.
   */
  public static class IntHolder {
    public final int value;

    public IntHolder(int value) {
      this.value = value;
    }
  }

  /** Schema that contains a table with a date column. */
  public static class DateColumnSchema {
    public final EmployeeWithHireDate[] emps = {
      new EmployeeWithHireDate(
          10, 20, "fred", 0f, null, new java.sql.Date(0)), // 1970-1-1
      new EmployeeWithHireDate(
            10, 20, "bill", 0f, null,
            new java.sql.Date(100 * DateTimeUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)) // 1970-04-11
    };
  }
}

// End ReflectiveSchemaTest.java


text:
Making use of waivers under ESSA
Susanna Loeb,
Heather Hough
Evidence Speaks Reports - The Brookings Institution
https://www.brookings.edu/research/making-use-of-waivers-under-essa/
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) devolves many decisions to states about how to design their accountability system and the measures to use in these systems in order to meet new goals of college and career readiness. Because few states presently have adequate measures for the new goals, they will need to develop the measures along with accountability structures. ESSA includes a provision that would allow district waivers to their state's programs. States can use such waivers to make use of particularly high-capacity districts' ability to innovate and test new approaches. The CORE districts in California serve as a model for the potential for waivers to benefit their state as well as other states. These districts received the only district-level waivers from No Child Left Behind and have designed a new accountability system that incorporates a wide range of measures that could also be used under ESSA. In collaboration with Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), CORE has produced a series of reports about their experiences with the new measures that are important with respect to future state and federal policy. Among the significant findings are the large impact on which schools are identified as underperforming that follows from decisions about the minimum number of students that must be included to calculate and report on the academic outcomes of subgroups of students, such as African-Americans. In a similar vein is the finding that only 13 percent of schools that are identified as low-performing based on end-of-year test scores in a given year are likewise identified as low-performing when the measure is growth of test scores from the end of one year to the end of the next. Not all states will need district waivers or have districts that could provide the kind of insights that the CORE districts have been able to. But states with both the need and such districts could use the waiver provision to help them to develop and refine an accountability system under ESSA.
Loeb, S., & Hough, H. (2016). Making use of waivers under ESSA. Evidence Speaks Reports - The Brookings Institution
Annenberg Authors
Susanna Loeb