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Video routes
360° VR travel video
Press trips
International travel industry needs new strategies to manage 'overtourism'
Mass tourism hits quality of visitor experiences - Not only cities overcrowded - New solutions needed to manage global tourism growth - ITB Berlin exclusively publishes World Travel Monitor® Forum results
'Overtourism' has made headlines worldwide this year due to record visitor numbers at many destinations, prompting well-publicised protests by residents and diverse measures by local authorities in some places. Over-crowding is also negatively affecting travellers themselves, and the international travel and tourism industry needs to find solutions to manage visitor numbers without restricting growth, experts agreed at the 25th World Travel Monitor® Forum in Pisa, Italy (November 9-10). At this exclusive industry meeting, initiated at the invitation of consultancy IPK International and supported by ITB Berlin, around 50 tourism experts and academics from around the world present the latest figures and current trends in international tourism.
One international trip in ten affected by over-crowding
Overtourism not only impacts directly on destinations, tourist attractions, local infrastructure and residents, but also on travellers themselves, Rolf Freitag, CEO of IPK International, made clear. Around 25 percent of all international tourists had the feeling that their destination had been "over-crowded" this year, according to a special World Travel Monitor® representative survey of 29,000 international travellers in 24 countries in Europe, Asia and the Americas conducted in September 2017.
Moreover, 9 percent - equivalent to around 100 million tourists - said this over-crowding had actually affected the quality of their outbound trip. At 13 percent, this feeling was the highest amongst families with children and young people under 34. In terms of origin regions, 15 percent of Asians, 9 percent of North Americans and 8 percent of Europeans said their trip experience had been affected by excessive visitor numbers. Hence, Asian outbound travellers seem to be more sensitive with regard to "over-crowding".
All kinds of holidays and destinations affected
Contrary to public perceptions, the worst over-crowding is not always in big cities, according to World Travel Monitor® figures. Ski resorts are the most crowded tourism locations. Nearly one international traveller in five (19 percent) said their winter sports holiday had been affected by overtourism, resulting, for example, in long waits for ski lifts.
Other types of holidays were fairly equally impacted by high numbers of visitors, suggesting that overtourism is a general problem rather than restricted, for example, to cities. About one traveller in ten described the quality of their touring holiday, cruise, city trip, sun & beach holiday or countryside holiday as affected by too many tourists. The most affected cities include Guangzhou (24%), Shanghai (23%), Beijing (21%), Amsterdam and Istanbul (both 19%), and Barcelona, Florence and Venice (all 18%), according to World Travel Monitor® respondents.
Analysing the results, Freitag said: "Overtourism is clearly not good for nature, culture, locals and tourists alike. However, global tourism has not reached its limits. Many destinations would be happy to see more visitors, either throughout the year or in the low season. So tourism does not have a growth problem but rather a regional and seasonal problem!"
Local strategies with all stakeholders needed
Various speakers at the Pisa forum highlighted the need for the international travel industry to act together with destinations on coordinated strategies to tackle overtourism. Such strategies could focus on issues such as managing seasonality and visitor flows, spreading tourism benefits such as jobs and revenues more widely among local communities, and investing in infrastructure and protection of tourism assets, they suggested.
Cruise expert Prof. Dr. Dr. Alexis Papathanassis, director of the Institute of Maritime Tourism in Bremerhaven, Germany, explained: "Overtourism is a very localised problem at certain times in certain places, and is not always a problem in the surrounding area. The problem is not over-tourism in general, but under-management of tourism." Above all, solutions needed to be found in destinations, for example by tackling seasonality, and not by limiting demand, Papathanassis urged. He underlined: "Each destination case is different. There is no one-size-fits-all solution."
Venice tackles overtourism
One city that is suffering increasingly from over-crowding is Venice, which has just 55,000 residents in its historic city centre. Valeria Minghetti, chief senior researcher at CISET - the International Centre of Studies on Tourism Economics of Ca' Foscari University Venice, told the forum that mass tourism is resulting in far more costs than benefits for the city, including over-crowding, pollution and rising prices.
In response, the Italian city reacted to heavy over-crowding of St Mark's Square and its narrow canals this year with measures to ban cruise ships from docking directly on the waterfront and with the 'Enjoy Respect Venice' initiative for 'responsible tourists', including fines for tourists who break local laws. Minghetti said that other ideas under discussion include limiting access to St Mark's Square, a new tourist tax and an app with real-time information on visitor levels.
David Ruetz, Head of ITB Berlin, commented: "Overtourism is a major challenge for the global travel and tourism industry, and new solutions are obviously needed. This will be a hot topic at the ITB Berlin Convention next year where experts will discuss the problems as well as potential solutions."
Alongside special evaluations from IPK International's World Travel Monitor®, ITB Berlin will publish further key data from the World Travel Monitor® as part of the 'ITB World Travel Trends Report 2017/18' in January
ITB World Travel Trends Report 2016/2017
International tourism continues to grow
ITB creates a new platform for Virtual and Augmented Reality
ITB Berlin Convention looks at the future of travel
© 201, JakNaTuristy.cz / Needtourists.com ... We are experts of travel industry


JPG file is a commonly used photo file format.
File extension JPG is related to JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) image file format. It is mostly used for bitmap images (photos, pictures, etc.).
The most common filename extensions for files employing JPEG compression are .jpg and .jpeg, though .jpe, .jfif and .jif are also used. It is also possible for JPEG data to be embedded in other file types - TIFF encoded files often embed a JPEG image as a thumbnail of the main image.
How to open JPG files?
These instructions are for opening a file with a name ending in .jpg. JPG is a graphics file format. When the file is opened, you should see a picture.
Double click on the file. If the jpg file is attached to an e-mail you should be able to click twice in quick succession on the file name or file icon inside the e-mail. If it's saved on the computer, you'll need to navigate to it's location, then double click on it.
If the jpg file didn't open right away, you will be presented with a window asking what program you what to open the jpg file with. To the right of open with there will probably be a browse button. Click on the browse button.
Choose a program you want to use to open the file from the list.
All internet browsers will open jpg files. You are reading this now using an internet browser. Some common browser names are Firefox and Internet Explorer.
How to create an Icon file from JPG?
Windows ICO extension files, commonly called "icon files," allow you to display small pictures along with file names for easier file identification on the Windows desktop. While Windows comes with some stock ICO files, the stock library is not very extensive, and many users run out of distinct icon choices for desktop items. Even though stock image editing programs like Microsoft Paint do not allow users to save image files as ICO files, conversion from JPG to ICO format is possible over the Internet.
Use image editing software such as Microsoft Paint, Microsoft Office Picture Manager, Adobe Photoshop or Corel Paint Shop Pro to crop the JPG file so it is square. It is possible to convert rectangular images into icons, but it is not recommended. If you use a rectangular image, the resultant icon will be distorted since the rectangle will be stretched or squished into a perfect square shape during file conversion.
Right-click on the JPG file you want to change into an ICO file, and then select properties.
In the properties window, look under the File Size heading to make sure the JPG image is less than 100Kb in size. If the file is over 100Kb, you'll need to reopen an image editor and shrink the image size until the saved file takes up less than 100Kb of space. Images over 100Kb are not easily converted without downloading special software, so it's best to avoid such large JPG files whenever possible.
Go to web page. This online converter is preferred because it allows you to make icon files from smaller JPG files without installing any new programs onto your computer.
Click Browse. A new window will open.
Browse your computer's files until you've located the JPG image you want to make into an icon. On most computers, JPG images are found in the My Pictures folder, unless you manually saved your JPG file to a different directory.
Click on to select the JPG file and then click Open.
Click the hyperlinked text reading Convert to ICO. A dialogue box will open asking if you want to Save or Open the file. Click Save and select a location on your hard drive to save the newly created icon file.
Universal Document Converter is the most complete solution for the conversion of documents into JPEG, TIFF or other graphical files. The underlying basis of Universal Document Converter is the technology of virtual printing. As a result, converting documents from PDF to JPEG format is not any more complicated than printing on a desktop printer.
Please follow this manual to start converting of PDF documents.
Use the Open dialog to select "PDF to JPEG.xml" and click Open.
Press OK in Acrobat's Print dialog to start converting. When the JPEG file is ready, it will be saved to the My Documents\UDC Output Files folder by default.
The converted document will then be opened in Windows Picture and Fax Viewer software or another viewer associated with JPEG files on your computer.
How to convert BMP to JPG?
Converting bitmap to jpg is very easy with Image Converter Plus. Select file you want to convert in Windows Explorer and right click on it. You'll see a preview of file and will be able to select format you want to convert to.
Click on Convert to JPG. Program window will open.
Switch to Script tab if you need to make any changes in file.
You can convert several files at a time and apply the same effects to all files.


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Tagged With "University of Pittsburgh" | TravelGumbo
Tag: University of Pittsburgh
Tagged With "University of Pittsburgh"
Re: July 11, 2018: New Orleans Streetcars
George G. · 7/12/187:12 PM
Pittsburgh residents also call them streetcars. They were such an easy way to get around when I was a youngster. Not sure if the city has them any longer, but I took the German Strassenbahn's many times during my 18 years of living in that country. Unlimited weekly tickets made it a breeze to get around the cities.
Samantha · 7/12/189:06 PM
HI George. I hope they still have them in Pittsburgh. It is on our bucket list and would love to ride them around the city Thanks for sharing.
Re: Passau: Small City, Big Past
George G. · 7/31/179:31 AM
Didn't know about the Three Rivers moniker. Coincidence that my father, born and raised in Pittsburgh, fought in many WWII campaigns, then when the war ended, he was stationed as a peacekeeper of the war aftermath in Passau.
Re: April 15, 2018: Pittsburgh Panther
Glad you made it to my hometown. I was there a few months ago and also snapped a few photos of the Pitt Panther. Did you get to the Frick or the Carnegie Museum nearby? Lots of connections between your hometown of NYC and Pittsburgh during the industrial gilded age.
Re: Gumbo's Pic of the Day, May 22, 2014: Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida
Travel Luver · 5/22/1410:34 AM
What's the best ride?
Ottoman · 5/22/1411:31 PM
Originally Posted by Travel Luver: What's the best ride? Hi Travel Luver! I can honestly say that I enjoyed all the rides at the Universal Studios Theme Parks, but if I had to pick a favorite or favorites, I would have to say that I particularly enjoyed the 3-D rides such as "Despicable Me Minion Mayhem" (where Gru turns you into a Minion and you embark on a wild ride through Gru's lab), "The Simpsons Ride" (where you embark on a wild ride through Krustyland and Springfield), and "The...
Re: Visual Bulimia? A Bloated Surfeit of Images?
PHeymont · 2/15/156:54 AM
Sheer volume has become a digital-age issue not only for images. The constant flow of e-mail (more spam than real, often); tweets about celebrities' teeth, clothes and turmoil; TV and radio repetitions as well as Konstant Kardashians are serious forms of mind pollution. Sometimes it takes an extended series of images to create a picture, an insight. But too many will mask, not highlight, the point. That's why I enjoy well-curated exhibits of the work of thoughtful (not merely skillful)...
Re: New aluminum battery could be traveler's best friend
DrFumblefinger · 4/6/154:36 PM
It might just revolutionize consumer electronics -- and perhaps even make battery powered cars and such a more feasible option.
Re: It's magic: Harry Potter boosts park profits 38%
GarryRF · 2/26/156:50 AM
The Harry Potter collection has also boosted the number of younger folks that are reading books. That's got to be a bonus ! Kids here in the UK say there's so much more detail in the books than the films. Got to be better than "Blob dodging" on a computer screen !
I agree...and I thank you for a wonderful phrase and image: "blob dodging!"
Re: June 23, 2016: Thomas Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
DrFumblefinger · 6/23/163:37 PM
I like this memorial, especially at night time, when the bronze figure of Jefferson really stands out against the light colored dome. Thanks, Ottoman!
Re: 'The Walking Dead' attraction coming to Universal Studios Hollywood
Nice to know there's an attraction out there I can skip!
Re: Going to Heathrow? Well, it's NOT in London!
GarryRF · 1/5/175:36 PM
Its hard to find an Airport in the US that I find convenient too ..... LAX - Los Angeles 18.2 miles PIT - Pittsburgh 19.1 miles IAH - Houston 20.1 miles DFW - Dallas 20.9 miles; Ft. Worth 24.5 miles MCI - Kansas City 21.0 miles DTW - Detroit 22.1 miles DEN - Denver 25.2 miles IAD - Washington DC 26.9 miles
Re: Wallace, Idaho: From mining town to "Center of the Universe"
PHeymont · 2/10/1410:23 AM
Wish I'd had THAT manhole cover for the blog we had here on Gumbo! And you got my heart with the bus...same model was my school bus at Fort Leavenworth in the 50s...
PortMoresby · 2/10/1411:55 AM
Wallace reminds me of all my favorite places in the western US although I'd never heard of it before. I guess it's the look of an era rather than a particular place, when civilization arrived, paid for by the mines. Shacks replaced by wood replaced by stone & brick, a similar story all over the West. And amazing that so many survive. Thanks, DrF.
DrFumblefinger · 2/11/148:40 AM
Wallace is a very neat town to visit, very recommended stop along the I-90 freeway. Perfect place to walk around for a half day or day and take in the ambience of small town America. As you say, Port Moresby, there's a repeatable charm to how these towns grew up.
Former Member · 2/11/142:01 PM
Nice bus, i would like to take a trip on it
IslandMan · 2/13/142:02 AM
I love visiting old, small towns. There can be so much to see and it looks like Wallace has a lot of interesting history. The Bordello museum sounds fascinating and classic buses are a favorite of mine too. Thanks for taking us there DrF.
Re: Charlottesville, Virginia: Land of Presidents
GarryRF · 3/21/148:34 PM
I've spent many days exploring the early times of the Du Pont family around Delaware and Pennsylvania. Explore the old homes and gardens of the American chemical giants. Really fascinating. Chateau Country Route 52 passes thru Delaware's Chateau Country. Many DuPont homes and estates are tucked away in the areas surrounding Greenville, Delaware and Centerville Delaware. Local residents have managed to preserve the rural character of Route 52 by controlling development. Twin Lakes Brewing...
Re: Liverpool UK. Voted #3 by Rough Guides
PHeymont · 1/7/142:38 PM
Congratulations, Garry...I'm sure it's your doing, and in such good company as well! I think Liverpool is a bit like RBCiao's town, Pittsburgh: It gets no respect. People laughed at us when we went there for a vacation, and yet, like Liverpool, it is a fascinating place that is not like its reputation but is truly built on its history. Definitely on my list!
Not much progress yet on Universal Airline Tracking
After the disappearance nearly a year ago of Malaysian Airlines MH370, nearly everyone agreed how important it would be for better technology to track all airliners in real time. But that appears to be the last agreement on the issue, as some airlines...
Google vs. Uber? With no one in driver's seat?
PHeymont · 2/3/159:38 AM
Wait for it...Google is on the verge, apparently, of offering a ride-share app that would compete with Uber (a company it previously invested in). In the long run, Google hopes to pair it up with its longstanding driverless car research, which company...
New aluminum battery could be traveler's best friend
Imagine a smartphone battery that could recharge fully in just over a minute, could be recharged 7500 times, and is lighter than any battery you've ever had. And, oh yes, it can't catch fire as lithium-ion batteries can, and it's easier to recycle....
JetBlue's boutique hotel: Sorry! No vacancy for you!
JetBlue, which has its training center ("JetBlue University") in Orlando, along with some operations and maintenance centers, has now opened its own 196-room boutique hotel with all the amenities, from pool to gym to good food. But it's not...
It's magic: Harry Potter boosts park profits 38%
PHeymont · 2/25/1512:12 PM
The extended Harry Potter theme park Universal opened in Orlando last summer has boosted Universal's take on the park business by 38%. When the new attraction opened, lines up to 7 hours long waited for their turn. MORE
Gumbo's Pic of the Day, April 12, 2015: Cambridge, England
Non Stop Destination · 4/12/155:00 AM
Last weekend, I visited two of the most famous University cities in the world: Oxford and Cambridge. Both cities have a long history dating back to the medieval times, but it was Cambridge that stole my heart. With its quaint houses,...
Amsterdam on JetBlue? Orlando on Icelandair? Codeshare coming!
JetBlue Airways and Icelandair, which already have an interline partnership, have asked for U.S. government permission for a codeshare agreement. If approved, JetBlue would place its code on seven Icelandair routes from the U.S. to Iceland, and eight...
Visual Bulimia? A Bloated Surfeit of Images?
PortMoresby · 2/10/156:30 PM
Moments ago a newsletter landed in my inbox from Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal, announcing its 14th edition of the Biannale of Contemporary Photography, curated by Catalan artist/curator, Joan Fontcuberta, to be held in...
Airport updates: Welcome to Pittsburgh; Boston not so much
Pittsburgh and Boston try new airport ideas: one to welcome more non-flying visitors, the other to charge a toll for dropping off passengers.
Healy Hall, Georgetown University (Where Gumbo was #234)
George G. · 9/4/175:00 AM
Gumbo was visiting Healy Hall in Georgetown University. George G shares the history and some great photos of the site.
Passau: Small City, Big Past
A small German city on the Austrian border, Passau has a past bigger than its size would make it seem. It's a pleasant visit along the Danube
Pittsburgh getting its wings back as Spirit arrives
With the arrival of Spirit Airlines, Pittsburgh is up to 8 new carriers in the past two years, and a near-doubling of its non-stop flights.
Carnegie Science Center, Pittsburgh (Where Gumbo was #209)
Gumbo was visiting George G's home city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, specifically the Carnegie Science Center.
FLASH SALE: $69 to Europe on WOW
WOW juices the competition with an early-fall sale to Paris, Berlin, London and more.
Pittsburgh's airport to get smaller, smarter
PHeymont · 9/19/172:00 PM
Pittsburgh plans to re-work its pioneering airport to meet the needs of a new age.
Nov. 4, 2017: Along the Lincoln Highway (U.S. 30)
George G. · 11/4/175:00 AM
George G takes a detour while on a road trip to catch some of the sights along a stretch of Pennsylvania's historic route 30.
Where in the World is TravelGumbo (#210)
A new travel puzzle is posted, with new clues to follow every day so follow along and see if you can solve where in the world TravelGumbo has gone to this week.
University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Where Gumbo Was (#208)
Jonathan L · 3/6/175:00 AM
Jonathan L takes us to see this historic campus with its richly-decorated tower.
Travel Rob · 5/8/205:00 AM
Travel Rob shares a fun visit to Orlando's Universal Studios, proving it's not just for kids!
Ashland, Virginia: "Center of the Universe"
Stephanie Kalina-Metzger · 11/28/195:00 AM
Stephanie shares a visit to the charming community of Ashland, known by some as the "Center of the Universe".
Memories of Dijon, France
George G shares memories of some wonderful travel experiences in Dijon which, as he shares with us, has a lot more going for it than its famous mustard.
Air and cruise lines: Out of parking space?
The near shutdown of major parts of the travel industry has left airlines and cruise lines scrambling for storage space.
Back in Time at Bedford's 1700s-era Tavern
Stephanie Kalina-Metzger · 3/26/205:00 AM
Stephanie shares a visit to the popular historic Jean Bonnet Tavern.
University of Oklahoma, Home of Sooners Football
Samantha · 3/5/205:00 AM
Samantha and her husband pay an unplanned visit to the University of Oklahoma Sooners' stadium. The found some of the nicest fans.
Oklahoma Sooners Football - The University of Oklahoma
Samantha · 4/2/2012:00 AM
Samnatha and her husband enjoy a visit to the home of Sooners football, and find some of the nicest fans.
The 'Strip District' of Pittsburgh
George G revisits a street he often went to with his parents when he was a child. He shares some observations on how it has changed.
Ron's Antique Radio Museum, Pennsylvania
George G. · 11/29/195:00 AM
George G visits Ron's Antique Radio Museum, located on Route 30 (Lincoln Highway), 4-1/2 miles west of Bedford, Pennsylvania
Berkeley Springs, West Virginia
George G visits the historic spa town of Berkeley Springs and shares its history and some of its interesting sites.
Drones to travel for armchair tourists?
Imagine sitting in your armchair with a virtual-reality helmet and a remote control and "visiting" the streets of your favorite city, an art gallery, the Grand Canyon, or...? There have long been travel documentaries and the like for armchair...
Barcelona cruises to a new cruise record
Barcelona, which has expressed some doubts recently about just how much tourism to promote, has scored an all-time record for a weekend's worth of cruise ship visitors, with just under 60,000 arriving. That includes over 26,000 on Sunday alone...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Women's History Month: Lessons to Learn
Women's History Month: Lessons to Learn
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March is a special month not only because it heralds the breaking in of spring but also because it celebrates women worldwide. The momentum that began with Women's Day has been carried forward by Women's History Month with this year's theme "Visionary Women: Champions of Peace & Nonviolence"
An interesting theme, especially for NGOs, this year is aimed at honouring women "who have led efforts to end war, violence, and injustice and pioneered the use of nonviolence to change society."[1] Women and social movements are intertwined in history but often forgotten or skipped. Gender practice in development has been an issue for development agencies – NGO, bilateral and multilateral alike – since the mid-1970s. As Women's History Month dawns to a close, here are five things you could implement at your non-profit organisation that will help you acknowledge, encourage and celebrate the vital role women play in the development sector:
Balance Better:
Boards: Board decisions determine the NGO's direction, policies and ultimately, the impact it has on the people it serves. Your non-profit should aim to establish a well-balanced board that collectively represents the community and the cause you are working for. Women's representation in executive positions is, of course, low across all industries. But according to recent reports, the figure is particularly low in the NGO sector, where women head just 12%of major NGOs in the United States.[2] A philanthropic foundation in India found that 13 out of 74 non-profit organisations that were headed by men had no women on their board.[3] The theme continues across countries and it is critical for NGOs worldwide to have a fair representation of women on their board of trustees/advisors.
Staff– Women make up 75 per cent of the nonprofit workforce, but just 18 per cent of the largest nonprofits' CEOs are women and they earn up to 8 per cent less than their male peers.[4] Latest gender compensation findings for the non-profit sector shows that the richer an organization is, the larger the gender-based compensation gap[5]. The Global Gender Gap Report further notes, historically female-dominated industries such as the non-profit industry, tend to pay less than those with higher male representation. When women enter a profession in large numbers, pay tends to decrease relative to other industries.[6] As a fair employer, it is crucial that you take gender diversity into due consideration while hiring for middle and senior management positions and pay fairly without gender-bias.
Partners—In both India and Tanzania, it was found that women's NGOs had made vital contributions to the success of development projects, but they were easily marginalized and trivialized once those projects got off the ground.[7] If you are a woman run NGO/ independent consultant partnering with other agencies or organisations, please ensure to have a legally valid MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) or contract signed and agreed upon before devoting yourself to a project.
Gender Audits—If you have the capacity as a sustained NGO to conduct gender audits, they are a great tool for promoting effectiveness, efficiency and coherence, that can help organisations identify what gender-based policy works and where there are issues that can be resolved.
Gender Budgeting– Gender budgeting should be an ongoing approach, following gender audits, to ensure that resources are going to address gender issues. Gender budgets are a tool for NGOs to make visible and track how program resources are being used to benefit women and men, contributing to more transparent budgeting and financial monitoring.
Pro-Women Staff Policies: Several NGOs that work in women empowerment and related fields, consider gender-friendly attitude as a 'coat' that they put on during fieldwork and take off when they come back to the office. It is important that the vision, mission and values of your non-profit are implemented both for your beneficiaries and your staff. Having basic infrastructure such as maternity leaves, grievance redressal mechanism, safe space, women-friendly work styles can go a long way.[8]
No decisions about us, without us: Incorporating a women's perspective, which would mean listening to and including women in planning and programming as a participatory approach is the only right way to make an action plan. NGOs can identify and appoint Gender Champions—advocates of gender equality that inspire others in the workplace to contribute, confide and communicate ground realities to the decision makers.
Beneficiaries: It is in the field and in the programs and activities of local NGOs (and their donors) that gender policy is put into practice. Effective gender work requires a good understanding of the local context and entry points for addressing gender inequalities. However, the capacity of local NGOs to work in gender-informed ways is often an area for development, with staff themselves part of a culture that ascribes gender roles to women and men. Gender sensitization among fieldwork staff as well as behaviour change modules for the beneficiaries should be an integral part of your project onboarding process.
Leverage Networks: Networking can be helpful in negotiating gendered spaces and sharing successful strategies. There are several networks of women development workers and women-for-women funding opportunities that are exclusively helping women get recognized and be credited for their valuable work. A women-friendly non-profit may endorse a culture of gender-balance but it is up to the women to grab the opportunities that come our way. Signing up for quality assignments, agreeing to mentorship, convincing leaders to nominate you for training programs and awards is ultimately incumbent on us. Keeping a log of activities and impact on key projects on a regular basis helps your contribution be more visible and less dismissible.
fundsforNGOs has an impressive list of opportunities for women in development practice as well as non-profits working towards women empowerment. Circulate this article among colleagues and friends to start conversations around Women's History Month and the change we need to bring in.
[1] National History Women's Alliance
[2] https://mic.com/articles/59871/ngos-help-women-everywhere-except-in-their-own-boardrooms#.xGhvhaiDN
[3] Dasra Survey
[4] https://www.cgdev.org/blog/assessing-gender-gap-nonprofits-global-development
[5] https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2018/09/25/nonprofits-gender-gap-persists-says-guidestar-and-the-largest-may-get-worse/
[6] https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/women-leaders-key-to-workplace-equality/
[7] Women's NGOs are changing the world – and not getting credit for it, theconversation.com
[8] LinkedIn
Action Grants to support National or Transnational E-Justice Projects
Funding Call to Prevent and Combat all forms of Violence against Children, Young People and Women
European Commission seeking Applications for Civil Society Projects
Road Safety Grants Programme on Vehicle Safety Standards open for Mexico and Colombia
Global Road Safety Partnership announces CFPs for Road Safety Grants Programme on Safer Road Users (Round 16)
2020 Go Global Africa inviting Most Innovative Startups from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa
Small Grants Program to Strengthen Cultural Ties between the U.S. and Moldova
European Union: Improving The Quality of Vocational Education and Training (VET) Through Establishment of Sectoral Centres of Excellence (Turkey)
The Waterloo Foundation seeking Applications for Tropical Rainforests Programme (United Kingdom)
ACF/Greece seeking Proposals to Increase Citizen Participation in Civic Activities
ACF announces Call for Proposals to Increase Support for Human Rights in Greece
Funding for Climate Change-related Problems in Czech Republic
EU Call for Proposals: European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) Turkey Program
RWJF's Culture of Health Leaders Program for the United States
Incubator Grant Fund for Small Visual Arts Organizations in the United States
United Kingdom: Strategic Legal Fund for Vulnerable Young Migrants is now Open for Applications
St.George Foundation's Inspire Grant to Improve the Lives of Children in Australia
Small Grants to Strengthen Cultural Ties between the Philippines and the United States
Apply for Nation Rebuilding Program in Canada (2020 – 2021)
JRS Biodiversity Foundation announces 2020 Request for Proposals for Multi-Year Projects
SIDA's International Training Program on Sustainable Urban Water and Sanitation
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Animal welfare has become an important determinant of meat quality with poor animal temperament leading to huge economic losses to the meat industry due to carcass bruising and condemnation. Handling and transport of live animals is a stressful experience for animals. The temperaments of cattle affect their behaviour and differ between breeds, i.e. studies have shown that Bos indicus types are more temperamental than Sanga and Bos taurus types. Catecholamines (CAT's) are considered as indicators of stress, because higher concentrations of CAT's in brain tissue were noted in animals that are better adapted to stressful situations. In the present study, urinary CAT's of three beef breeds were determined immediately post mortem. Brahman cattle represented Bos indicus types, Simmentaler cattle represented Bos taurus types and Nguni cattle represented the Sanga type. Nguni steers showed higher urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations than Brahman and Simmentaler steers. Simmentaler steers showed a higher concentration of urinary dopamine (DA) than Br and Ng. The results suggest that Nguni cattle are less stress sensitive compared to the other beef breeds studied. These observations may be due to the process of domestication and selection for specific genes that influence tameability and consequently resulting in a shift in circulating concentrations of urinary CAT's.
Stress experienced by slaughter stock is unavoidable and animal welfare issues have become an important determinant of meat quality as perceived by the consumer. Transport, handling and mixing of animals from unfamiliar groups lead to stress (Ferguson & Warner, 2008).
The fear response of cattle towards human handling is defined as their temperament (Fordyce et al, 1985; Petherick et al, 2003). After transportation, cattle with higher temperament scores have more bruises along the back and around tuber coxae and tuber ischii areas leaving them with lower carcass grading scores (Fordyce et al, 1988b). Any bruised tissue trimmed from a carcass reduces carcass weight and, in turn, decreases the economic return to the producer and yield to the processor. Removal of bruised tissue is time consuming and adds to labour costs. Rails become congested and moving production lines halted and thereby interrupting or reducing the throughput and efficiency of the plant (McNally & Warriss, 1996).
Animals that display less fearful behaviour during routine handling and management are less likely to injure themselves and their handlers. The heritability of animal temperament is relatively high (h2 = 0.45) (Lanier et al., 2000); therefore, selection for improved temperament or less fearful cattle, can facilitate both human (i.e. handler) and animal welfare (Ferguson & Warner, 2008).
The evolutionary relationship between the two main types of cattle, the humped zebu (Bos indicus) and humpless taurine (Bos taurus), have been an active area of research to explain genetic differences between the two subspecies. Phylogenetic analyses and data from other disciplines provide the strongest evidence to date for independent domestications of zebu and taurine cattle. Although controversial, it seems as if the Bos taurus subspecies has a longer domestication time line compared to Bos indicus (Loftus et al, 1994). Cattle with more Brahman breeding, notably of the Bos indicus subtypes, have higher temperament scores compared to those with lower or no Brahman influence (Voisinet et al, 1997). However, the main characteristic of Bos indicus cattle that distinguishes them from Bos taurus cattle is their high degree of adaptability to hot climates. The Nguni cattle breed can be classified as an ecotype of a group of cattle breeds known as Sanga cattle - Bos taurus africanus. These cattle may have evolved from crosses between Zebu (indicine) and humpless Hamitic longhorn and shorthorn cattle (taurine) in central and east Africa around 1600 BC (Payne, 1964).
Catecholamines (CAT's) are the neurotransmitters and hormones of the adrenomedullary, sympatho-neuronal and brain catecholaminergic systems discovered at the beginning of the 20th century (Kvetnansky et al, 2009). The discovery was based on experiments by Walter Cannon (1929) who described the importance of adrenal medullary secretions of "adrenaline" during various types of stimulation in animals and humans. The terms homeostasis and "fight-or-flight" were introduced to the scientific literature and are still being used today (Kvetnansky et al., 2009).
In research on the domestication of wild rats, lower levels of whole brain norepinephrine (NE) were found in wild rats compared to domesticated rats (Cuomo-Benzo et al, 1977). The researchers concluded that selection pressures have favoured a higher whole brain NE content in the domesticated rat, thus enabling it to perform effectively in laboratory test situations. Thus, domestication has resulted in significant increments in whole brain NE and epinephrine (E) content in rats (Cuomo-Benzo et al., 1977). Two possible mechanisms were hypothesized. Significant increments in NE and E content in whole brain of domesticated rats could either be the result of an increase in the biosynthetic enzymes or a decrease in the degrading enzymes. Similarly, classic research regarding tameness and domestication of silver foxes shows that tameness in the presence of humans can be directly related to brain chemistry (Price, 1999). Selection for tameness in foxes and rats influences the catecholamenergic system of the brain (Cuomo-Benzo et al, 1977; Price, 1999). The aim of this study was to compare post mortem urinary CAT concentrations of three beef cattle breeds used in South Africa.
This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). Steers from three beef breeds, Brahman (n = 60), Simmentaler (n = 60) and Nguni (n = 60) were purchased from a commercial farmer. All animals were treated in the same way during the growth and feeding period and fed the same feed. Initially the animals were kept on pastures at the ARC-AII research farm at Groblersdal, followed by fattening at the ARC-ANPI feedlot. Normal processing procedures were carried out on the animals (weighing and vaccination). The animals received implants (Revalor-S) as applied under normal South African feedlot conditions. All steers were housed in small pens holding 10 animals each with each animal having 10 m2 area and 50 cm of feed-bunk space. Clean, fresh water was available ad libitum. After a 21 day adaptation period during which hay intake was decreased from 15% to 6%, all steers were fed a standard high concentrate diet (12 MJ/kg DM, 13.5 g CP/kg). Slaughtering and sampling took place at the Meat Science Centre of ARC-ANPI research abattoir. The animals were slaughtered at the specified A-age and fatness-class 2-3. In order to measure urinary CAT's, NE, E and dopamine (DA), urine was collected from the bladders with a syringe and needle, immediately after evisceration (approximately 12 minutes post mortem). Four millilitres of urine was mixed with 50 mL of concentrated HCl to stabilise and preserve urinary CAT's. After HCl was added, all samples were transported on ice to the laboratory and then stored at -70 °C until analysis. At the time of analysis, the urine samples were sent to a local pathology laboratory (Ampath). Catecholamines were extracted from the urine samples by cation-exchange solid phase extraction and determined by using a high performance liquid chromatography method, as described by Gouarne et al. (2004) and briefly explained by Muchenje (2007). Concentrations of CAT's are volume related and therefore creatinine adjusted concentrations were used in the statistical analysis. Data was analysed by multifactorial analysis of variance by means of the GLM procedure of SAS (2008) at a significance level of P <0.05. Comparisons between breeds were evaluated by means of Bonferroni's Multiple Range Test.
Urinary NE, E and DA concentrations for Br, Ng and Sm cattle are presented in Table 1. Higher urinary catecholamine concentrations could indicate that an animal from a specific breed is more adaptable to interactions with humans and less fearful of animals, resulting in fewer carcasses getting bruised during transport and handling which will lead to higher meat quality. In comparison with the Brahman and Simmentaler, the highest (P <0.05) concentrations of urinary NE and E were measured for Nguni steers. Simmentaler steers had the highest concentrations of urinary DA (P <0.05) in comparison with Brahman and Nguni. From classic domestication studies with silver foxes and rats, animals with a possible longer history of domestication had higher CAT levels in the central and peripheral nervous system (Nikulina, 1990; Price, 1999) as was the case for the Nguni in this study. Simmentaler cattle, which is representative of the Bos taurus subspecies, was possibly domesticated at an earlier time line than Bos indicus cattle (Loftus et al., 1994) and also had higher concentrations of total urinary CAT's.
Past research and the results of the present study suggest that the concentrations of CATs increased during the domestication of animals. Price (1999) described tameness towards humans and associated ease of handling as among the most important aspects of the domesticated phenotype. The historical development of Nguni cattle occurred in close association with the people of a tribe and in a kraal with other animals. This as well as its selection as a draught animal has resulted in a very docile breed with exceptionally good temperament (Bester et al., 2005). Nguni cattle (Bos africanus / Sanga) developed by natural selection in a highly challenging environment. Brahman cattle have achieved acceptance for their environmental adaptability, longevity, mothering ability and efficient beef production, but has a bad reputation due to poor temperament. The Simmentaler is an influential breed whose history dates back to the Middle Ages. Early records indicate that the Simmentaler originated as a result of crosses between large German cattle and a smaller breed indigenous to Switzerland (Voisinet et al., 1997a).
Catecholamines are not only involved in the domestication time line of an animal, but also in hyperactivity. Numerous animal studies showed the importance of NE in attention-related behaviours which involve search and exploratory activity, distractibility, response rate, discriminability and switching of attention (Anisman & Zacharko, 1986 from: Schaeffer et al., 2001). When CAT synthesis is compromised, animals become less resistant to stress, developing an array of counterproductive behavioural (learned helplessness) and physiological changes. Such animals are unable to respond appropriately to stimuli and are unable to function normally, to the extent that even eating and sleeping are disturbed.
In humans, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a hyperkinetic disorder clinically characterized by inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity (Kopeckova et al., 2006). According to Haller et al. (1998), either an imbalance in E synthesis or a2-adrenoceptor number (or affinity) led to the development of ADHD and agents that increased brain NE, improved attention in rats. Kopeckova et al. (2006) explained that a dysfunction or imbalance between the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and alterations of DA / NE levels can result in hyperactivity.
Norepinephrine mechanisms are also involved in pain perception (Haller et al, 1998) and therefore it seems that the main role of NE release subsequent to the onset of a socially relevant stimulus is the establishment of both somatic and neural conditions that ensures maximal efficiency in coping during stressful situations (Haller et al., 1998).
Both animal temperament (Lanier et al., 2000) and ADHD (Sontag et al, 2010) are medium to highly heritable. The enzyme responsible for the conversion of DA into NE is known as DBH, as was described earlier. The DBH protein is released in response to stimulation. DBH activity is derived mainly from sympathetic nerves and can be measured in human plasma. Galvin et al. (1995, 1997) measured decreased activities of DBH in serum and urine in patients with ADHD. Also, low DBH levels correlate indirectly with the seriousness of the hyperkinetic syndrome in children (Galvin et al., 1995; 1997). Polymorphisms occur frequently in the DBH gene, the G444A, G910T, C1603T, C1912T, C-1021T, 5'-ins/del and Taql. These polymorphisms may affect the function of gene products or modify gene expression and thus influence the progression of ADHD (Kopeckova et al., 2006).
This study indicated that the urinary CAT's of three beef breeds that were determined immediately post mortem, differed. The tameness towards humans and associated ease of handling of Nguni cattle corresponds with its higher levels of urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine. Simmentaler steers had the highest concentrations of total urinary CAT's whereas Brahman steers had the lowest levels of CAT's. Concentrations of urinary CAT's differ between breeds and explain differences in stress responsiveness, temperament and susceptibility to carcass bruising. As genetic polymorphisms of genes have been described for the expression of, for example DBH, it seems as if the Nguni went through a long natural selection process for docility. It seems as if the Simmentaler (being Bos taurus with an earlier domestication) has a genetic disposition to produce more DBH. Based on the differences in the concentrations of urinary CAT's, it seems possible to identify genetic markers for the selection for better temperament and docility in beef cattle. Brahman cattle in particular have been described as a temperamental breed. Selection for the DBH gene may decrease the occurrence of bruised carcasses and improve meat quality. Increased tameness towards humans and handling may also be of importance from an animal welfare perspective.


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The decline in marriage and the need for more purposeful parenthood
Isabel V. Sawhill Thursday, January 14, 2016
If you're reading this article, chances are you know people who are still getting married. But it's getting rarer, especially among the youngest generation and those who are less educated. We used to assume people would marry before having children. But marriage is no longer the norm. Half of all children born to women under 30 are born out of wedlock. The proportion is even higher among those without a college degree.
What's going on here? Most of today's young adults don't feel ready to marry in their early 20s. Many have not completed their educations; others are trying to get established in a career; and many grew up with parents who divorced and are reluctant to make a commitment or take the risks associated with a legally binding tie.
But these young people are still involved in romantic relationships. And yes, they are having sex. Any stigma associated with premarital sex disappeared a long time ago, and with sex freely available, there's even less reason to bother with tying the knot. The result: a lot of drifting into unplanned pregnancies and births to unmarried women and their partners with the biggest problems now concentrated among those in their 20s rather than in their teens. (The teen birth rate has actually declined since the early 1990s.)
Does all of this matter? In a word, yes.
These trends are not good for the young people involved and they are especially problematic for the many children being born outside marriage. The parents may be living together at the time of the child's birth but these cohabiting relationships are highly unstable. Most will have split before the child is age 5.
Social scientists who have studied the resulting growth of single-parent families have shown that the children in these families don't fare as well as children raised in two-parent families. They are four or five times as likely to be poor; they do less well in school; and they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors as adolescents. Taxpayers end up footing the bill for the social assistance that many of these families need.
Is there any way to restore marriage to its formerly privileged position as the best way to raise children? No one knows. The fact that well-educated young adults are still marrying is a positive sign and a reason for hope. On the other hand, the decline in marriage and rise in single parenthood has been dramatic and the economic and cultural transformations behind these trends may be difficult to reverse.
Women are no longer economically dependent on men, jobs have dried up for working-class men, and unwed parenthood is no longer especially stigmatized. The proportion of children raised in single-parent homes has, as a consequence, risen from 5 percent in 1960 to about 30 percent now.
Conservatives have called for the restoration of marriage as the best way to reduce poverty and other social ills. However, they have not figured out how to do this.
The George W. Bush administration funded a series of marriage education programs that failed to move the needle in any significant way. The Clinton administration reformed welfare to require work and thus reduced any incentive welfare might have had in encouraging unwed childbearing. The retreat from marriage has continued despite these efforts. We are stuck with a problem that has no clear governmental solution, although religious and civic organizations can still play a positive role.
But perhaps the issue isn't just marriage. What may matter even more than marriage is creating stable and committed relationships between two mature adults who want and are ready to be parents before having children. That means reducing the very large fraction of births to young unmarried adults that occur before these young people say they are ready for parenthood.
Among single women under the age of 30, 73 percent of all pregnancies are, according to the woman herself, either unwanted or badly mistimed. Some of these women will go on to have an abortion but 60 percent of all of the babies born to this group are unplanned.
Generation Unbound
By Isabel V. Sawhill
The Future of Children: Fall 2007
Edited by Ron Haskins and Isabel V. Sawhill
Creating an Opportunity Society
By Ron Haskins and Isabel V. Sawhill
As I argue in my book, "Generation Unbound," we need to combine new cultural messages about the importance of committed relationships and purposeful childbearing with new ways of helping young adults avoid accidental pregnancies. The good news here is that new forms of long-acting but fully reversible contraception, such as the IUD and the implant, when made available to young women at no cost and with good counseling on their effectiveness and safety, have led to dramatic declines in unplanned pregnancies. Initiatives in the states of Colorado and Iowa, and in St. Louis have shown what can be accomplished on this front.
Would greater access to the most effective forms of birth control move the needle on marriage? Quite possibly. Unencumbered with children from prior relationships and with greater education and earning ability, young women and men would be in a better position to marry. And even if they fail to marry, they will be better parents.
My conclusion: marriage is in trouble and, however desirable, will be difficult to restore. But we can at least ensure that casual relationships outside of marriage don't produce children before their biological parents are ready to take on one of the most difficult social tasks any of us ever undertakes: raising a child. Accidents happen; a child shouldn't be one of them.
Editor's Note: this piece originally appeared in Inside Sources.
Isabel V. Sawhill
Senior Fellow - Economic Studies, Center on Children and Families, Future of the Middle Class Initiative
Twitter isawhill


Hillary Clinton campaigns in recent days.
Hillary Clinton practically begged liberals to pay as much attention to the Supreme Court as conservative activists do on Monday — and warned of what could happen under President Trump if they don't turn out to vote.
Clinton issued a clarion call for Democrats and liberals to pay more attention to the court and its appointments this election during a speech at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after highlighting a litany of crucial recent court decisions, from gay marriage to abortion to voting rights to economic justice.
"Think hard about the court," she said. ""In a single term, the Supreme Court could demolish pillars of the progressive movement."
SEE ALSO: Everyone loves Merrick Garland, but will he make it to the Supreme Court?
Clinton warned that "conservatives know exactly how high the stakes are."
And after admitting that it's "not easy" to make court appointments a big voting issue on the left, she said voters must wake up to how important the 2016 election will be for decades to come because of how many justices the next president might appoint.
"This election has ripped away the curtain and made it absolutely clear to everyone how essential the Supreme Court is" for basic economic issues, she said.
"As scary as it might be, ask yourself, 'What kind of justice would a President Trump appoint?'" she said to snickers from some in the crowd.
She tore into Republicans for blocking consideration of Judge Merrick Garland, President Obama's current nominee to the court's open spot.
"We chose a president. We chose him twice. And now Republicans in the Senate are acting like our votes don't count," she said. "Those aren't high-minded principles, they are low-minded politics."
And she said it was their own fault that Trump was their leading candidate.
"What Republicans have sown with their extremist tactics they are now reaping with a Donald Trump candidacy," she argued.


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Q: How to show complete image in Navigation drawer background I have put an image in Navigation Drawer background. The image is there, but its not fitting the full image in the view,The upper part of the image around 5% part of the image is not coming in the view, and thats the main part, i want it in  the background.
This is my code.
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    tools:context="com.myapp.HomeActivity"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout_main"
    >
    <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/navigation_view"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:background="@drawable/sidebg"
        android:gravity="bottom|left"
        android:dividerHeight="0dp"
        app:itemIconTint="@android:color/white"
        android:scaleType="fitStart"
        >

        <include layout="@layout/navigation_items"/>

    </android.support.design.widget.NavigationView>

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

Kindly guide me how to display complete image in navigation drawer background.

A: This is not an appropriate answer, but what you can do is reduce the size of the file and then apply

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kurt Myers, the man who went on a rampage and killed four people in Mohawk, has been shot dead in an abandoned building in the town of Herkimer.
The 64-year-old was involved in a shootout after he fired at a police dog and killed it.
Jack Keller, a state trooper, said: "He was waiting for us. He kills the dog. They hear shots fired. Our teams return fire and the suspect gets shot."
Myers was on the run after going on on a shooting spree in the small neighbouring village of Mohawk, 170 miles north of New York City. He shot dead two people at a barbershop and two at a carwash and injured two others.
He went into the barbershop and asked one of the men working there if he remembered him before opening fire, said witnesses.
Mary Hornett, the sister of John Seymour who was wounded in the attack, said: "The guys were in the barbershop and this guy comes in and he says, 'Hi John, do you remember me?' and my brother said, 'Yes, Kurt, how are you?' and then he just started shooting."
Seymour was in a critical condition in hospital, she said.
Police were trying to determine what caused Myers to snap. "My brother couldn't think of any reason why he would do such a thing," Hornett added.
Before his assault, Myers had set fire to his apartment.
His victims were named as Harry Montgomery, 68, and Michael Ransear, 57, Michael Renshaw, 23, and Thomas Stefka, who was in his 60s.
The second man injured has been identified as Dan Haslaur, a customer at the barbershop. He is in a critical condition.
Neighbours said they did not know Myers as he rarely spoke to anyone. Thery described him as a loner who ignored them when they tried to greet him.
Gary Urich said: "[He walked past and] I said, 'How are you doing?' No response. He just walked by."
New York state governor Andrew Cuomo, said it was a "truly an inexplicable situation".


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The Bishop of Roskilde constructed the small castle Hjortholm at the site in circa Frederick III took over the estate in He renamed it Grederiksdal and constructed a small hunting lodge at the site.
The village of Virum was located where Virumgade is today. It belonged to the parish of Lyngby. In , it consisted of 13 farms, three houses with land and 14 houses without land.
The modern suburb was planned in connection with the conversion of the North Line into an S-train line. Virum station opened in The ambition was to create a healthy, well-functioning suburb with a population the size of a medium large Danish provincial town.
The centre of the new suburb was Virum Torv, a mixed-use development centred on a roundabout next to the station. It contained retail space, service functions and apartments.
Its northeastern corner was completed in , its southeastern corner in and its southwestnern corner less than a year later.
A cinema, Virum Bio, was from the beginning located in the building on the southeastern conrer. The same building also contained an Irma supermarket.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 February Retrieved 21 July Retrieved 16 February Municipal seats of Denmark. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history.