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A Paisa of Prevention is Cheaper than a Few Rupees of Cure: CKD in India
Raji* was feeling increasingly distraught as she waited at the doctor's clinic with her 14 yr old daughter. The teenager had not been eating well and was losing weight for the past 6 months. She was always tired and no longer resembled the bundle of energy she had been so far. Multiple different general practitioners and specialists had not helped. Raji had hoped that the tests ordered by this latest doctor will finally give her daughter an answer and a cure. But instead, she now felt like the ground beneath her feet was giving away. 'Advanced kidney failure', he had said. Her mind was drowning in a never-ending gush of questions: Why? Since when? How? What did she do wrong? How did she miss the symptoms?
The scenario described above is all too familiar for nephrologists in India. This recent article does a good job of comprehensively covering the challenges faced by patients and medical professionals involved in renal care in India. The highlights of the article:
India-specific challenges: India has the world's second largest population, a significant fraction of which live in abject poverty. The meagre government-allotted expenditure on healthcare (around 2% of GDP), is spent, and usually justifiably so, towards addressing communicable diseases which still pose a huge healthcare challenge. Most importantly the country's 1.3 billion people are served by 1,850 Nephrologists mostly clustered in India's cities. That's about 1.4 nephrologists per million population (PMP), compared to 28.5 PMP in high-income countries.
Risk factors for CKD: The huge and still incompletely detected burden posed by diabetes and hypertension is well known, but the sheer numbers are perhaps not grasped. A 5% crude prevalence of diabetes represents 97.5 million people, and 25.3% crude prevalence of hypertension represents about 330 million individuals. And a scant 1,850 nephrologists to pick up the pieces when these, poorly controlled patients develop CKD. Moreover, Indians are also at risk for CKD due to the highly prevalent low birth weights resulting in smaller kidney volumes, cultural practices that increase the risk of CAKUT, and exposure to a whole gamut of nephrotoxins ranging from indigenous medicines, agro-chemicals, chronic dehydration due to the tropical climate, and water contaminants and pollutants.
ESRD: All modalities of RRT pose a significant and often unmanageable financial challenge to Indian patients, most of whom do not have access to any form of health insurance, approximately 12-13% from a recent survey. The cost of dialysis in India, using local estimates at a public sector hospital ($64 per session, $9200 per year) is about 6 times higher than the average per capita income ($1670 per year). Most patients with renal disease are diagnosed in end stage and this fact brings with it management challenges including greater anemia, initiation of dialysis without an AVF, poorer Hepatitis B immunization rates and greater morbidity and mortality. HD units which are largely privately run and disproportionately clustered in urban centres are inaccessible to India's rural poor. Transplantation in India is plagued by the same supply and demand issues observed in the rest of the world. Deceased donor transplantation lags significantly behind living donor transplantation.
The authors of a CJASN review suggest solutions to these problems, many of which are already in various stages of implementation. These include better awareness and screening of patients, improving access to nephrology care and renal replacement therapy and improving organ donation rates. But what struck me the most, was the fact that given how gargantuan the problem facing Indian nephrology is, the most cost effective solution has to be better screening and awareness. This statement is backed by the pioneering work done by Indian Nephrology legend Dr M K Mani. His Kidney Help Trust has been working since 1997 and has adopted and screened and treated 33 villages near Chennai, India covering a population of 25,000 people. The cost incurred by the Trust is an astoundingly low 43 cents per capita for the study population per year. They were able to control the BP of patients to <140/90 in 96% of the study population and bring HbA1C down to 7% or less in 52% (read more about the program here).
All of this brings me back to the person that inspired this post, Raji or as she is officially known, Mrs Rajalakshmi Ravi. Happily for her, her daughter received a living donor kidney transplant and is doing well. She even went on to become a doctor herself. But the experience set Raji thinking about how much she missed out on early signs and how little people around her including primary care physicians seemed to know about kidney disease. So she set about learning everything she could, which took a considerable degree of effort given that she has a degree in Economics and had no prior exposure to medical education. And then volunteered her time and new found learning to TANKER Foundation which helped her set up The TANKER Awareness and Prevention Program. This has been a one woman show since its inception, driven forward by Raji's zeal and passion to try and ensure that someone else will be spared the shock and frustration that she felt on learning her daughter's diagnosis. She has conducted more than 850 awareness programs all over Tamil Nadu reaching out to schools, corporations, government institutions and just about anyone who is willing to listen to her. To date she has reached out to nearly 130,000 people. The screening camps (people are screened for proteinuria using a dipstick and BP mostly, but also serum creatinine and an ultrasound when resources permit) supported by TANKER staff and volunteering doctors have screened more than 23,000 people and directed those detected to be at risk for specialised care. I volunteer for these camps. Raji's passion for this work is infectious and her connection with her audience is enviable. I am convinced more than ever, that the only way India will get a grip on its silent CKD epidemic is by building an effective national screening and awareness program that includes not just medical staff and government and private health services, but also the patients themselves. An informed and empowered patient or caregiver, like Raji, represents the best way to make the patient also a meaningful stakeholder in the war on CKD.
Sanjeev Nair, Nephrologist, Chennai and NSMC Intern, Class of 2018
Member, ISN Education, Social Media Team
*Real name. Used with permission. Paisa and Rupees refer to the Indian currency, corresponding to cents and dollars respectively
CKD NSMC Sanjeev Nair
ESRD Quality Incentive Program
Can You Say the C Word on the Ward? Chronicity, Cure, Care and the History of Hospital Medicine.
Vasumathi.V
A silent crusader against CKD, Hats off to you. Being a woman, I can understand how much compromise it would have required in family front to achieve this.It shows how desperate you are to nip in the bud, this silent killer disease. It's really inspiring for all of us to stretch out to help fellow human beings in whatever way we could. That you don't belong to the medical fraternity is more than a surprise considering the inputs you give and the efforts that you take.May God empower you to reach out at National level and let more people be benefitted by your programme.
Mangalore microbiology & biotechnology
Excellent insigjt provided througj this real life story of a desperate mother becoming a caregiver to many. This is what life is all about. The blog is written exceptionally well and was a nail biting experience for me as I read through. Please educate us all even more. May the tribe of nephrologists increase.


In August 2015, The Australian Government asked the Productivity Commission (PC) to undertake a public inquiry into Australia's intellectual property system. The Commission was asked to consider whether current arrangements provide an appropriate balance between access to ideas and products, and encouraging innovation, investment and the production of creative works.
In July 2015, Ernst & Young was engaged by the Department of Communications and the Arts to undertake an analysis of the impact of amending the Copyright Act to implement a number of the recommendations of the ALRC Report into Copyright and the Digital Economy.
The Productivity Commission report into Intellectual Property Arrangements, and the Ernst & Young cost benefit analysis of the ALRC's proposed copyright reforms, were each released by the Government in December 2016 and the Government is considering its response.
Both reports provide strong support for the copyright reforms sought by the education sector. Set out below is an overview of these reports.
The final report of the PC inquiry concludes that "Australia's copyright arrangements lack balance and have been slow to adapt to technological change, imposing costs on the broader community." It suggests a suite of reforms to maximise the welfare of all Australians.
the need for TPM exceptions to enable educational uses, including assisting students with disabilities.
The Australian education sector strongly supports the PC's recommendations, which are based on measured and evidence-based analysis. See below for additional information on the key recommendations.
Recommendation: Australia's "narrow purpose-based exceptions" be replaced with a "principles-based, fair use exception" in the same format recommended in 2014 by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC).
The PC recommended that the Government enact a fair use exception. The PC found that fair use would mean Australia's copyright system will "better adapt to technological change and new uses of copyright material, without compromising incentives to create." This recommendation is supported by the Ernst & Young report, which concluded that the adoption of fair use would be a net benefit to the Australian community.
The PC rejected what it referred to as "implausible" rights holder arguments that fair use would result in schools not relying on the statutory licences. It said adoption of a fair use exception appropriately recognises that some uses of copyright material should not be remunerated.
The education sector strongly agrees. Fair use is essential to ensure Australian schools can deliver a world class education to equip Australian children to become the creators and innovators of the future. Fair use would remove the current roadblocks to innovation in Australian classrooms that prevent collaboration with industry and use of the latest teaching methods.
Taking a screenshot of a yellow raincoat from a Bunnings advertisement to include as a graphic in a PowerPoint presentation.
Introducing a fair use exception to cover uses such as these would in no way harm Australian authors and creators.
The purported impact on the education publishing sector ignores evidence from those jurisdictions where fair use and education publishing already coexist, or the fact that statutory licence fees make up only a small component of the sector's revenue, with direct licensing and purchasing of content a substantial proportion. As the Copyright Advisory Group to the COAG Education Council submitted: Australian schools spend upwards of $700 million per annum in purchasing educational content for students. In addition to this, the sector pays approximately $90 million each year on collectively negotiated copyright licences. As repeatedly guaranteed by the sector, these licences will continue to exist in a fair use environment.
The PC rightly identified that rather than ignore the interests of rights holders, under fair use the effect on the market is one of the factors to be considered. Where a use of copyright material harms a rights holder, the use is less likely to be considered fair. In the US, where fair use is long established, creative industries thrive.
Leading digital economies such as the United States, Israel, South Korea and Singapore have all adopted fair use style copyright exceptions with great success. The misleading scare campaign by groups opposing fair use must not be allowed to railroad this very important reform.
- The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission should undertake a review of the current code, assessing its efficacy in balancing the interests of copyright collecting societies and licensees.
- The review should consider whether the current voluntary code represents best practice, contains sufficient monitoring and review mechanisms, and if the code should be mandatory for all collecting societies.
The PC highlighted the urgent need for greater transparency and accountability for collecting societies (eg Copyright Agency and Screenrights). The education sector welcomes this recommendation for a review of governance arrangements. For many years now, the sector has raised concerns regarding the lack of transparency with respect to information that would potentially enable statutory licensees such as schools to seek direct licensing arrangements with authors and publishers, or ensure that payments under the statutory licences are appropriate.
Each year, Australian schools pay large amounts of money under the educational statutory licence that Copyright Agency cannot distribute to the relevant copyright owner. A typical example of this is copying from freely available websites, such as free health resources or information sheets. Another common example is so-called 'orphan works': works where the copyright owner is either unknown or unable to be located.
Schools have been concerned for many years now that Copyright Agency members who have no connection with the works that schools have copied, have received windfall payments as a result of Copyright Agency's long standing practice of paying these 'undistributed' funds to its members if the relevant copyright owner is unable to be identified or located after four years. The PC shared the education sector's concerns regarding this practice, and said that any undistributable funds should instead be returned to the education departments that have paid to use the content. In 2015, this would have resulted in more than $2 million being returned to education budgets.
Recommendation: liability should be limited for the use of orphan works, where a user has undertaken a diligent search to locate the relevant rights holder.
As mentioned above, Australian schools pay significant funds for the use of orphan works (ie works for which no rights holder can be identified or located). Money is collected from schools as agreed under the statutory licence, including for uses of freely available materials and orphan works, and is paid to rights holders. If the rights holder cannot be found, as is the case for orphan works, Copyright Agency retains the money paid by schools. It is not returned to education budgets. This is an unjustifiable waste of public funds.
it says the Government should enact the ALRC recommendations to limit liability for the use of orphan works where a user has undertaken a diligent search to locate the relevant rights holder.
The Ernst & Young report concluded that the largest benefits from adopting fair use in Australia would flow from use of orphan works (alongside cost savings to education). The report recommends that the payment for use of orphan works currently occurring under the statutory licences for education and government use should stop.
Recommendation: any part of an agreement restricting or preventing a use of copyright material that is permitted by a copyright exception should be unenforceable.
In the pre-digital environment, rights holders had no ability to override the copyright balance that Parliament struck between the interests of rights holders and users. That's no longer the case. In the digital environment, contracts and technological protection measures (TPMs) are increasingly being used to re-write the balance set out in the Copyright Act in favour of rights holders, putting at risk the public benefit that the copyright exceptions and limitations are intended to provide. Ensuring that contractual arrangements cannot override copyright exceptions will ensure that exceptions can operate effectively in the digital environment.
Recommendation: consumers should be permitted to circumvent technological protection measures for legitimate uses of copyright material.
Ensuring that TPMs or contractual arrangements cannot override copyright exceptions will ensure that exceptions can operate effectively in the digital environment. For example, even though copyright exceptions allow teachers to make captioned copies of audio-visual materials for students with hearing disabilities, the lack of a corresponding TPM exception means that the exception cannot be used in practice. Australian schools should not be in the difficult position of choosing between assisting students with disabilities and breaking copyright laws.
The PC provided further support for the calls to expand the safe harbours by recommending the extension of the safe harbour scheme to cover not just carriage service providers, but all providers of online services.
The PC found extending the coverage of Australia's safe harbour regime will improve the system's adaptability as new services are developed. Such an expansion is consistent with Australia's international obligations and is an important balance to the expanded protections for rights holders Australia has accepted as part of its international agreements. As such, the PC recommends that the proposed legislative amendments should be implemented without delay.
Expanding the copyright safe harbours to include educational institutions is a long overdue change which will simply ensure that Australia complies with its international obligations, and that Australian schools receive the same legal protections for providing internet access to staff and students as is provided to commercial ISPs such as Telstra and Optus.
The PC recommended that the Commonwealth, state and territory governments implement open access policies for all publicly funded research. This should provide for free and open access arrangements for all publications funded by governments, directly or through university funding, within 12 months of publication.
The PC stated that the Commonwealth Government should seek to establish the same policy for international agencies to which it is a contributory funder, but which still charge for their publications (such as the OECD).
The education sector strongly supports this recommendation to ensure that publicly funded resources can be widely used and re-purposed in order to achieve the maximum productivity benefits from the expenditure of public funds.
The Government commissioned Ernst & Young to prepare a cost benefit analysis of the ALRC's proposed copyright reforms, namely the introduction of a fair use exception. The National Copyright Unit (NCU), on the School and TAFE sector's behalf, engaged extensively with Ernst & Young during this process.
Ernst & Young found that an exception that permitted schools to make 'fair' uses of content without payment - whether fair use or fair dealing for education - would have a net positive impact on the economy and society. The main benefits would be more effective use of public funds (as schools would no longer be required to pay to use freely available internet content or orphan works, and could undertake other uses of content in ways that did not harm rights holders), and greater efficiency in the delivery of education as barriers to schools making greater use of digital technologies were removed.
Based on data provided by the school sector, Ernst & Young estimated that there would be a potential for a reduction of up to $18.3 million a year in the amount that schools pay for the Part VB statutory licence. Ernst & Young notes, however, that this estimate "must be interpreted with care" given that the schools' data was provided on a "best endeavour" estimation by NCU of what proportion of annual licence fees might be related to activities that could be expected to come within a fair use/fair dealing for education exception.
Beyond these short-term impacts, it is unlikely that the fair use exception, by its inherent nature, would reduce certainty for rights holders and users compared to the status quo. This judgment is based on the observations that: (1) the status quo is relatively uncertain; (2) fair use, as a concept, is likely to be relatively predictable; and (3) the available evidence does not suggest that the relationship between fair use and increased enforcement costs is as strong as commonly assumed.
Ernst & Young considered - and rejected - the claims made by Copyright Agency and other rights holder groups that fair use would cause harm to educational publishers and reduce the incentives for the creation of educational content.
Recommendation 6.1. Upon consideration the PC decided that that the ALRC factors were preferable to those it proposed in the draft report "in addition to achieving the outcome the Commission had intended, the ALRC's fairness factors have the added benefit of drawing on established jurisprudence and so reducing uncertainty" at 186.


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Geowash franchise appeal dismissed
22 June 2021 The Full Federal Court has today dismissed an appeal by the former director and franchising manager of former carwash franchise Geowash Pty Ltd against a Federal Court decision that they were knowingly concerned in breaches of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) and Franchising Code of Conduct (Franchising Code) by Geowash. In 2019, the Federal Court found …
Jim's Group pays penalties for alleged breach of Franchising Code and the Australian Consumer Law
franchise after the ACCC issued it with two infringement notices for an alleged contravention of the Franchising Code … failure by Jim's Group to disclose certain information to a prospective franchisee, as required by the Franchising Code … buying a franchise, being able to contact former franchisees is critical for making informed decisions," ACCC Deputy Chair …
Bob Jane gives undertaking in relation to franchise agreements
with its obligations under the Franchising Code of Conduct in relation to renewal and extension of franchising agreements … of agreements. In particular, Bob Jane failed to notify some franchisees whether it intended to renew or extend their franchise … of certain franchise agreements without first providing required documentation to franchisees and obtaining a written statement …
RFG to pay certain franchisees as ACCC settles legal action
RFG, the operator of many well-known franchising brands, has agreed to make payments to and waive historical debts … by these franchisees. RFG will also pay $5 million to franchisees of Michel Patisserie stores who paid levies into that franchise … for their franchise less any amounts of outstanding vendor finance loans. RFG will also waive historical debts associated …
Stronger penalties required for franchising codes and UCT laws
14 October 2018 Australia's Franchising Code of Conduct needs strengthening to better protect franchisees, including … These changes, in combination with stronger unfair contract terms (UCT) law, would help to improve the operations of franchise … Franchise Convention Legal Symposium in Melbourne. "Both the Franchising and Oil Codes, which applies to service stations …
ACCC alleges Ultra Tune in contempt of court
for allegedly breaching court orders which restrained Ultra Tune from contravening parts of the Franchising Code of Conduct (Franchising Code) and for allegedly failing to comply with the requirements of a court-ordered compliance program. In 2019, Ultra Tune was found to have breached the Australian Consumer Law and the Franchising Code and the Court made orders …
ACCC Opening Statement - Parliamentary Inquiry into the Franchising Code of Conduct
Services Inquiry into the Franchising Code of Conduct: The ACCC welcomes the opportunity to appear before the committee of Inquiry today. While recognising the benefits associated with franchise business models, we also recognise the vulnerability … and the Franchising Code seeks to address it. We also recognise this power imbalance and allocate a priority to franchising matters …
Back In Motion Physiotherapy to remove alleged unfair contract terms for franchisees
contained in most of the Back In Motion Physiotherapy franchise agreements, any franchisee who wanted to leave the group … Physiotherapy franchise for up to 12 months. "Effectively, this clause in the franchise agreement meant that most former franchisees … Physiotherapy franchise outlets in those locations," ACCC Deputy Chair Mick Keogh said. "We were concerned that this clause may …
Pastacup to pay $100,000 for breaches of new Franchising Code
for breaches of the Franchising Code of Conduct (Franchising Code), following ACCC proceedings. The company's co-founder and former … co-founded the Pastacup franchise in 2008 and has managed and been a director of two previous franchisors of the Pastacup franchise system that each became insolvent. The Court found that Morild failed to provide a disclosure document which complied …
Court finds Megasave and Gary Bourne misled prospective franchisees
if they purchased a Megasave courier franchise. The representations were made in promotional statements and marketing material … franchisees who had relied on these representations when making a decision to pay many thousands of dollars for a franchise, believing that buying a Megasave franchise would provide them with a secure future income," ACCC Deputy Chair Mick Keogh said …
ACCC alleges RFG engaged in unconscionable and misleading conduct
and five of its related entities (Retail Food Group), alleging the food and beverage franchise company engaged … Consumer Law. Retail Food Group manages and operates a number of franchises, including Michel's Patisserie, Brumby's Bakery … earnings for a particular franchise. In fact, the ACCC alleges Retail Food Group knew the earnings of each loss making store …
Federal Court orders $500,000 penalty for cleaning franchise
was the Victorian franchisor of a national professional cleaning franchise system. In October 2014, the Court declared that Coverall Melbourne had engaged in unconscionable conduct, made false or misleading representations, and had contravened the Franchising … to the cleaning franchise. The Court found that Coverall Melbourne had made false or misleading representations concerning the income …
Jump Swim ordered to pay penalties of $23 million and Ian Campbell ordered to pay compensation
by the ACCC. Jump Swim offered 'Jump Swim' branded learn-to-swim school franchises for sale between March 2016 and July 2019 … swim school within 12 months of signing a franchise agreement. Most of those franchisees never received an operational swim … in Australia for three years and from making representations about timeframes or wrongly accepting payment relating to a franchise …
Megasave Couriers and Gary Bourne allegedly misled franchisees
payments and annual income if they purchased a Megasave courier franchise. It is also alleged that Megasave's sole director, Mr … to franchisees before they purchased their franchises. "We received complaints from more than 30 franchisees, with many of them … in the form of guaranteed weekly payments, which influenced potential franchisees to decide to buy a courier franchise from …
ACCC to focus on franchisors' disclosure in the food services sector
of Franchising Code compliance checks. The ACCC has responsibility for regulating the Franchising Code of Conduct in Australia, which includes conducting an active compliance check program. "The ACCC receives more franchising code related reports from café … will be the target of our next round of checks" Deputy Chair Mick Keogh said. Under the Franchising Code, franchisors must disclose …
Taxsmart to repay franchise fees for misleading conduct
16 May 2014 The Federal Court of Australia has ordered by consent that Taxsmart Group Pty Ltd, Taxsmart Franchising Pty Ltd and Resultsmart Pty Ltd (together, Taxsmart) repay $260,400 in franchise fees to five former Taxsmart franchisees … the return," Ms Court said. "These graduates paid significant franchise fees, relying on the representation made by Taxsmart …
Megasave and Gary Bourne to pay penalties for misleading prospective franchisees
distress," ACCC Deputy Chair Mick Keogh said. "Franchisees made large upfront payments to purchase their Megasave franchise … purchased a Megasave franchise between September 2019 and July 2020. Eligible franchisees will be contacted by the Australian … in the franchising sector has the potential for devastating consequences for franchisees who rely on misleading claims by franchisors …
Franchising, misleading behaviour continues to be an ACCC focus
enforcement actions, including five for alleged breaches of the Franchising Code. It also did 29 compliance checks to ensure adherence with the franchising, horticulture, and food and grocery industry codes. The ACCC today launched its Small Business … for breaches of the Franchising Code." "We also took our first court action to enforce the new laws that protect small businesses …
ACCC takes action against Pastacup for alleged breaches of Franchising Code
breaches of the Franchising Code of Conduct. Mr Bernstein co-founded the Pastacup franchise in 2008 and has managed and been a director of two previous franchisors of the Pastacup franchise system that became insolvent. The mandatory Franchising Code … in which the ACCC has sought penalties for breaches of the Franchising Code. The ACCC is pleased that the revised Code provides …
ACCC finds food franchisors not disclosing critical information
information to potential franchisees. In its most recent round of compliance checks of the franchising industry, the ACCC reviewed … are detailed in a report, Disclosure practices in food franchising which detailed that around one in three franchisors are failing to consistently disclose useful contact details of former franchisees. "One of the key steps in buying a franchise is to talk …
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In addition to stain protection minimizing stain damage and giving you more time to clean up a spill, it will also extended the life and durability of carpets and fabrics. This added benefit is brought on by the repelling of dirt and other debris that increases wear.
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This episode is sponsored by Jelly Telly. Use code CULTIVATELOVELY to get your first week free and a free downloadable coloring book!
I am so excited to announce that The Lovely Homeschool Course- Plan and Prep for a Bold & Gracious Year, is well on its way to being completed! You can go here to sign up for notifications of when it goes on the market!
Today MacKenzie is talking with Katie Orr, creator of the Focused 15 Bible Studies. She is wife to a pastor and homeschooling mom to three kids ages 11, 9, and 7. Katie is sharing today why she created her studies and how being in the Word is so important – no matter how that looks.
We know "good Christians" are "supposed" to be in their Bibles – but how to study? What does it look like? She learned how to study in college, but then after becoming a wife and mom the time to use those tools and do that kind of focused deep study was gone. Through her struggle of trying to find time for studying God's Word, Focused 15 was born. Instead of trying to go through things quickly, she takes you through a small portion of scripture verse by verse reading through with a different lens each time. It allows you to go deep in a small chunks of time.
Bible study doesn't have to be overwhelming. The Holy Spirit will reveal what the Word means to us – we don't have to have a library of commentaries at our fingertips. Commentaries aren't bad – but we shouldn't always look to others to tell us the Truths that are meant for us to read and understand ourselves through the Spirit.
The Holy Spirit will reveal to us what the Bible means.
It's important for us to remember that "quiet time" doesn't look the same for all moms – and it certainly doesn't look the same after kids! It is okay to do Bible study in the midst of kids and life. Yes, having that alone time is wonderful and for many of us very needed and desired – but we need to remember that it is okay to meet with God any time of the day. It doesn't even have to be at the same time of day or look the same each day. And what better thing for our kids to remember of us than us spending time in the Word!
Be sure to head over to my IG account @BoldTurquoise to enter to win Katie's Bible Study, Everyday Peace! Extra entries for anyone who leaves a review of the Podcast on iTunes!
If you have questions about Bible study, what it looks like, ideas for study, book themes – you'll want to check our Katie's podcast that's chalked full of resources for Bible study.
You can find Katie on her Website, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and check out her Bible Study Hub Facebook Group.
Just Released- FREE Savor & Establish Philippians Bible Study!!
1st Day of The Bold Year Visual Bible Study!
Bold Year Bible Study Update: The Book of Acts!
Thanks for chatting with me! This was fun.
Thanks so much for coming on!


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Gravitasi dan Anomali Termalnya: Apakah Eksperimen Reich-Einstein Bukti Energi Masuk dari Aether?
Gama Bali July 29, 2019 No comment	476 views
Gravitasi dan Anomali Termalnya: Apakah Eksperimen Reich-Einstein Bukti Energi Masuk dari Aether?,5 / 5 ( 1votes )
Infinite Energy baru-baru ini menarik perhatian pada anomali termal yang ditimbulkan oleh fenomena yang terkait dengan kotak logam [tertentu]. Apa yang disebut energi "orgone" dapat, tampaknya, dikonsentrasikan oleh kotak-kotak logam yang dirancang khusus, yang mengembangkan kenaikan suhu yang berkelanjutan di dalam kotak. Di sini penulis menarik perhatian pada fenomena yang muncul pada 1980-an berkaitan dengan aksi termal yang mempengaruhi pengukuran G, konstanta gravitasi, di mana gaya yang bekerja pada bola logam yang bertempat di dalam sangkar Faraday dipengaruhi oleh radiasi termal, seolah-olah muatan listrik diinduksi dan ditahan pada bola, bertentangan dengan pengajaran fisik yang mengisi logam dengan masuk dan terhubung ke selungkup logam hanya dapat ada pada permukaan selungkup. Pengalaman penulis sendiri mengkonfirmasi hal ini dan, mengingat bahwa muatan listrik yang tidak dinetralkan diatur pada dan dalam bentuk logam tiga dimensi, ini dianggap menyebabkan kondisi "putaran vakum" ("putaran eter") yang menginduksi aliran masuk dari energi ether yang ditumpahkan sebagai panas berlebih.
Gravity and Its Thermal Anomaly: Was the Reich-Einstein Experiment Evidence of Energy Inflow from the Aether?
(Reprinted from Infinite Energy, 2002, 41:61)
Harold Aspden
Visiting Senior Research Fellow, Southampton University, England
Infinite Energy has recently drawn attention to the thermal anomaly posed by a phenomenon associated with [certain] metal boxes. What has been called "orgone" energy can, it seems, be concentrated by specially-designed metal-lined boxes, which develop a sustainable temperature rise inside the box. Here the author draws attention to a phenomenon which emerged in the 1980s pertaining to a thermal action which affected the measurement of G, the gravitation constant, where forces act-ing on a metal sphere housed within a Faraday cage are affected by thermal radiation, as if electric charge is induced and held on the sphere, contrary to the physical teaching that charge on metal with-in and connected to a metal enclosure can only exist on the enclosure surface. The author's own experiments confirm this and, given that non-neutralized electric charge is set up on and within the three-dimensional metal form, this is deemed to induce a "vacuum spin" ("aether spin") condition which induces an inflow of aether energy that is shed as excess heat.
One can but be fascinated by reading in Infinite Energy (Issue 37, 2001) first the article by Eugene Mallove (pp. 9-11)[1] and then the detailed report on reproducing the thermal anomaly of theReich-Einstein experiment by Paulo and Alexandra Correa (pp. 12-21).[2] As someone having a special interest in energy anomalies, and particularly anomalies which point the finger at a mystery energy source hidden in the vacuum of space itself, what I read in these two accounts stirred some memories of my own past research efforts. I admit I had first heard of so-called "orgone energy" about fifteen years ago, but it made little sense to me and I tended to classify it along with psychic phenomena as something not belonging to the world of physics as I understood it. However, after seeing the experimental evidence now presented by Paulo and Alexandra Correa, it cannot be denied that a real physical phenomenon is involved and, noting that it suggests heat production without an apparent source, the nature of that source must be explored.
Given that the phenomenon concerns an anomalous thermal effect of radiation above a metal box, one involving a quite small adjustment of temperature, one wonders why Reich sought advice on the matter from Albert Einstein. No doubt he thought that endorsement of the reality of the phenomenon by such an eminent scientist would stir a general interest in funding research to establish the phenomenon and then, perhaps, the exploitation of whatever of a practical nature might emerge. Einstein was interested initially but soon lost that interest, rejecting the phenomenon as merely being something connected with heat convection by air currents around the apparatus. Accordingly, by a few published records dating from the mid-twentieth century period, the "orgone" theme has passed into history, at least until now, with the valiant contribution of the Correas in producing what the Editor-in-Chief of Infinite Energy has termed "a landmark article."
My contribution below is to draw attention to some references to publications concerning thermal anomalies affecting the measurements of G, the constant of gravity, anomalies which I feel sure might have reminded Einstein of Reich and would not have been ignored by him had he lived long enough to become aware of them. Also I shall outline the experiment which I performed in1984 at the University of Southampton in England to check how thermal radiation could affect the force between two metal spheres suspended within a Faraday cage. What I found has an interesting bearing on the "orgone" experiments reported by the Correas, given a little license in speculating about "free energy" input, but by argument consistent with interpretation of several other types of anomalous "excess energy" experiments. Besides that, as a preliminary, I think it appropriate to mention an experiment reported some thirty years ago on a curious effect by which a very slow rotation of what was, in effect, a Faraday-cage could tame the wild antics of an arc discharge and stabilize its path along the spin axis.
The Tornado Experiment and the Faraday Cage
One of the great mysteries concerning anomalous energy and anomalous angular momentum is that posed by the tornado. Somehow warm air rises to cause a radial inflow of air at near-to-ground level and somehow a tornado funnel forms with air spinning at very high speed around the axis of that funnel. Expert opinion on the source of energy is that of Vonnegut,[3] who suggested in 1960 that the trigger for that energy inflow comes from the electrical discharges we associate with thunderstorms, owing to the intense and recurrent lightning discharges known to occur within the tornado funnel. He writes: "It is possible that the vortex is initiated directly by electrical energy... An understanding of ball lightning may very well be necessary if the tornado puzzle is to be solved." Here, you see, we are dealing with energy on a grand scale, bearing in mind the destructive power ofa tornado, and here is an expert on the subject telling us that the source of that energy is a mystery, possibly connected with electrical phenomena of the kind involved in creating those mysterious spherical ionized objects that are occasionally seen to float around before vanishing suddenly, often with violent release of energy.
It was in a lecture I gave to physics students at the-University of Cardiff in Wales in 1977 onthe subject of "Space, Energy, and Creation" that I first drew attention to this subject, concluding with the words:
Finally, an interesting experiment has been performed by Ryan and Vonnegut[4] They arranged for a cage to rotate around an electric arc discharge at quite low speed and found that this stabilized the arc. The task of stabilizing an electric arc is one of the major problems of thermonuclear fusion research. It seems therefore very difficult to believe that the wild antics of the arc discharge are tamed merely by the slow rotation of a column of air. Perhaps there is vacuum spin in this experiment and it is the influence of the induced vacuum fields which stabilize the arc. Here then is more scope for research. Can an arc be stabilized in a vacuum? It is research which the modern physicist will not undertake because there is a wide-spread belief that the vacuum is a non-entity devoid of any special properties. It is a belief encouraged by those who believe in the development of relativity and in my experience those who believe in relativity deny the existence of the aether. On the other hand, I was once reassured by a comment Professor Cull wick[5] made about something I published. He quoted Einstein as saying: "The special theory of relativity does not compel us to deny the existence of the ether there is weighty evidence in favor of the ether hypothesis."
My argument simply is that we should not be trapped into ignoring the power of the aether as a source of energy, merely because Einstein had ruled that space was a matter of geometry interwoven with the concept of time, a mathematical world that could be manipulated to fit certain observations concerning gravitation and its effect on the propagation of light. Here I was saying: "Look, there is experimental evidence that an electric arc discharge can be controlled and held in place along a straight axis merely by surrounding it by a Faraday cage and slowly turning that cage at one revolution every few seconds. Surely, if that is because of the air being dragged along inside that cage, then it is indeed incredible that such a minute influence can so affect that electrical discharge. Surely, therefore, someone should perform an experiment to reproduce the effect to see what happens when the air is extracted from the system, because if that same stabilizing effect occurs in a vacuum then here would be a major scientific discovery!"
What would that discovery be? Simply that something in the space medium itself having an electrical character has been caused to spin with that Faraday cage, something that produces in effect a radial electric field which can act on the ions in that discharge and so confine the ionization to the central region of the spin axis. Here then would be a pointer to something that not only could account for "orgone" energy anomalies but could open up the path of research on the grand energy trail and even account for why the solar system has an enormous amount of angular momentum with no counterpart to balance its origin.
In 1977 this interest was, for me, a mere hobby pursued on a theoretical basis, as I was in a senior management position in IBM as head of their European Patent Operations. It was in 1982,still in that corporate executive pursuit, that my paper entitled "Charge Induction by Thermal Radiation" was published in the Journal o f Electrostatics. Still confined by circumstance to theoretical activity, this paper could only draw attention to aspects of physical science that warranted deeper research. The paper [6]suggested that thermal radiation could affect the measurement of the constant of gravitation where the test involved the measurement of force on a metal sphere carried by atorsional suspension within a Faraday cage.
In writing this I was speculating theoretically, having taken note of an experimental discovery by Frank Stacey and Gary Tuck of Queensland University in Australia. Hoping to arouse interest in my theory of proton creation and theoretical derivation of the proton/electron mass ratio as1836.152, the subject of another paper,[7]I had attended a conference on precision measurement of fundamental constants held in June 1981 at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The Stacey and Tuck paper [8]claimed the discovery that G, the constant of gravitation, as measured deep down in mines, was as much as 0.5% to 1.5% higher than indicated by accepted Earth-surface laboratory determinations.
I was mindful that I had written books claiming to give a theoretical evaluation of the con-stant of gravitation and was convinced that G could not have such a variation. There had to be some influence at work to cause those G measurements to be misleading. I was equally mindful that a chapter in my 1972 book Modern Aether Science was devoted to a discussion of the true cause of the Earth's atmospheric electric field, showing that it is thermal radiation from the upper to lower atmosphere that is absorbed by electrons in molecules of air to set up an electric field by their minute displacement relative to their atomic nuclei. I knew that this thermal radiation phenomenon could setup charge even on metal spheres housed within a Faraday cage and I knew from questioning Frank Stacey at that conference that Faraday cage-type enclosures were used in his G measurement to ensure that the interacting metal masses were uncharged electrically.
With this conviction I promptly wrote the Journal of Electrostatics paper. It was duly received by that journal on July 16, 1981. Its summary read:
It is argued that precision measurements which rely on the use of conductive housings for electrical screening may well be subject to spurious error owing to charge induction within the housing. If the momentum transfer processes associated with the absorption of thermal radiation act selectively upon electrons, a residual charge may be induced on surfaces internal to the housing and held in place by radiation pressure. The effects of such action upon the measurement of G is discussed in relation to anomalies reported in such measurements. The phenomenon is supported by the existence of the charge on the Earth's surface. A method oftesting for the presence of induced charge and eliminating its effects is indicated.
The paper was duly published and, based on some feedback I received, it was on November 23, 1982 that I prepared the following note for distribution with the paper reprints:
Author's note on paper entitled "Charge Induction by Thermal Radiation" (H. Aspden,Journal o f Electrostatics, 13, 71-80, 1982):
My attention has been drawn to the early measurements of the effect of temperature upon G, for example by L. Southerns, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A78, 392-403 (1906) and P.E. Shaw and N. Davy, Proc. R. Soc. London, 102, 46-47 (1922). The measured effects are far less than might seem to be indicated by my paper.
The reason for this is that these experiments involve heating the apparatus by processes other than those involving incident radiation and then making the measurements with the gravitating body radiating energy at a higher temperature but absorbing incident radiation from an environment still at room temperature.
It is only the radiation absorbed by the layer of atoms at the surface that results in the charge induction predicted by the theory. If the body is heated there is transfer of heat to the surface atoms by conduction and any radiation from the layer of atoms at the surface is directed equally inwards and outwards and produces a balanced radiation reaction force on this surface layer and so induces no surface charge. Half the radiation goes inwards and asserts a radiation pressure on the atoms below the surface and so causes charge displacement but no residual surface charge induction.
Experiments of the kind suggested on page 78 (of that Journal o f Electrostatics article)aimed at verifying this phenomenon seem, therefore, warranted notwithstanding the early studies of temperature effects on G.
H. Aspden. November 23, 1982
Charge Induction Within a Faraday Cage
It was not until 1986 that I saw in the science literature that two quite relevant and rather conflicting papers had been published. One was in the form of a news item in the Search and Discovery section of Physics Today, October 1986 (pp. 17-20) issue.[9] Its author was Bertram Schwartzchild and it referred to Frank Stacey's concerns about G having different values along with other earlier findings and claimed the anomalies observed were evidence of some rather curious prop-erties of different compositions of different kinds of particle according to their baryon number. Five-dimensional space and ten-dimensional superstring theories were included in the discussion. Thepaper was entitled: "Pre-analysis of Old Eötvos Data Suggests 5th Force...to Some."
The other paper,[10] also published in the same month, October 1986, appeared in Physical Review Letters under the title: "New Force or Thermal Gradient in Eötvos Experiment?", its authors being S.Y. Chu and R.H. Dicke, neither of whom were mentioned in the references of the Physics Today paper, which suggests that they were published quite independently of each other. Here the conclusion was that "systematic effects due to thermal gradients can account for the experimental data."
However, some 136 pages on in that same October 13, 1986 issue of Physical Review Letters there was a paper by Fischbach et al.,[10]which was no doubt the preview basis for the Schwartzchild report. It was entitled: "Alternative Explanations of the Eötvos Results" and this did include a direct reference to the Chu and Dicke paper. There one reads that its authors supported the baryon number interpretation, qualified by the comment:
Although this correlation agrees with what one would expect from the presence of an inter-mediate range force whose source is baryon number of hypercharge, the possibility remains that the EPF (Eötvos, Pekar, and Fekete) results could be explained in terms of conventional physics. The only alternative model we know of at present which has a serious chance of explaining these results is the "thermal-gradient" model of Chu and Dicke, (CD) and for this reason the CD model deserves to be taken seriously. . . In summary, the CD model is very clever and sufficiently promising to warrant more detailed study, should ongoing experiments fail to confirm the original EPF results. The issues that it must address more fully are mechanisms for producing a temporally constant thermal gradient over a long period of time.
Not surprisingly, I found the latter contribution more in tune with my thinking but still saw that the key point about thermal radiation affecting the charged state of a supposedly uncharged metal sphere had been missed. My paper,[6] which dealt directly with such a "mechanism," was not mentioned and probably had laid unnoticed amongst the numerous papers in the numerous periodicals kept on university book shelves.
That 1982 paper refers to the experimental findings of Stacey and Tuck reported in 1981 in the journal Nature[12] concerning the anomalous G measurements in mine experiments and it presents the formal analysis by which the electric field gradient induced by absorbing thermal radiation pressure at spherical surfaces is calculated. For ambient temperature conditions (288 degrees Kelvin)and based on the value of the Stefan-Boltzmann constant it was shown that the induced electric field gradient could be as high as 767 volts per meter, enough to explain the 300-500 V/m gradients observed in our local atmosphere.
That applies for surfaces of high emissivity factor (always less than one) and, as pointed out in my paper, for a polished lead sphere the emissivity factor at room temperature is 0.04, whereas for polished gold it is 0.03, and that led to my statement on the sixth page of my paper:
It follows, therefore, that potential gradients of the order of 20 to 30 volts per metre may be induced by the radiation mechanism proposed and where polished metal spheres are enclosed in housings having highly reflective metal surfaces.
In discussing the effect of this on standard laboratory G measurements, comparing the electrostatic repulsion as between two like polarity induced charges on metal spheres, albeit housed in a Faraday cage, and not unaware that charge on metal spheres that are close together has a tendency to induce a displacement charge of opposite polarity on the facing surfaces, this giving an attraction force as partial off-set, I then stated:
Thus, we are still left with the expectation that errors of the order of 1 or 2% could creep into the measurement of G by techniques using metal spheres of the dimensions indicated.
The point here was that if the apparatus was compact and used spheres of small radius the errors attributable to charge induction by thermal radiation would be greater than for the case where spheres of larger radius are used.
That 1982 paper does warrant attention by those interested in G measurement, and especially given the fact that it predates the above-mentioned research reported in 1986 by the several researchers who expressed concern about these gravity-measurement anomalies.
It was between these events in 1982 and 1986 that I, having become installed at the University of Southampton in England as a Visiting Senior Research Fellow, following my early retirement from IBM in 1983, embarked upon a series of experiments, one of which, pursued during the early half of 1984, was inspired by the subject here under discussion. I did in fact write a detailed paper reporting my findings and it was submitted some three years later to the Institute of Physics in the UK for presentation at the Seventh Conference on Electrostatics (Oxford, April 8-10, 1987). I was accepted only for a Poster Session and duly presented in that form. It caused no stir, being presented to a forum of physicists concerned essentially with the hazards of static electricity arising, for example, from electric charge induction and its potential as a fire risk in oil tankers. Even though my case was supported by experimental data, it was not that welcome a suggestion to propose that electric charge induction can occur in a connected all-metal system housed within a Faraday cage. After all, such a thought goes contrary to the teachings which date from the time of Michael Faraday!
I have only now, in view of the interest developing on this "orgone" energy topic, dug deep into my research records to find that paper and, coupled with writing this report, I have posted its full text onto my website at www.energyscience.co.uk/papers/1984g.htm.
Reference to that paper will show that, even though the electrostatic forces between two metal spheres suspended on wire filaments within a Faraday cage are minute in relation to the gravitation-al interaction forces and even though the latter are so weak as to be not easily measured, I was able to devise a technique which overcame the difficulties. Unlike the situation for gravity, where gravity is not something one can control, I could enhance the measurement sensitivity by adding a positive charge potential to both spheres as the torsional suspension swung one way and an exactly equal negative charge potential as the suspension swung back the other way. With no intrinsic thermally-induced charge bias present, the mutual repulsive force action at any given separation distance arising from this extraneous charge condition is the same and so, for a given well regulated high applied voltage, switching between the two polarities, the separation distance of the metal spheres should hold reasonably stable. However, even a small bias charge on the spheres would mean that the progression of charge polarity reversals over time would cause the displacement to drift one way or the other, according to the polarity of that bias. The tests were rather prolonged because the natural period of the swing was 210 seconds.
The tests were performed (a) using brass spheres which had a smooth but dull appearance having been stored for years and left unpolished and (b) using brass spheres that were highly polished. The experimental finding was that under normal laboratory temperature conditions the dull spheres had an induced charge that was negative and amounted to a voltage on the spheres of 1.08V relativeto the Earth connection of the Faraday cage. The corresponding induced charge on the polished spheres, also of negative potential, was 0.47V.
The title of my paper is that of the heading of this section, "Charge Induction within a Faraday Cage." It was one of my contributions to my long-lasting efforts to fathom the mysteries of gravitation. I had a theory for determining G in terms of the fundamental constants that feature in particle physics. I had written extensively on that subject and it was important for me to satisfy myself that claims that G could actually vary and not be a true fundamental constant could not stand up. There just had to be something wrong with the experimental techniques used. Now, in the event of the interest aroused by the "orgone" energy theme, with the claim that something of an anomalous energy nature is occurring where metal boxes are exposed to thermal radiation, I have begun to wonder if electric charge induction has a role to play. Accordingly, I will now conclude this account by a little speculation.
Vacuum Spin: The Aether's Free Energy Inflow Mechanism
I have mentioned "vacuum spin" above by reference to that 1977 lecture I was invited to give to the physics students at Cardiff University in Wales.[13] It features many of my published contributions. A quite readable summary account is of record in Electrostatics 1983, UK Institute of Physics Conference Series Publication No. 66, my paper there being entitled: "The Thunder ball: An Electrostatic Phenomenon."[14]
Simply put, my argument is that if you can contrive to set up a unipolarity charge condition on a disc or within a sphere, especially one that is electrically conductive, then the vacuum medium within that object will react by displacing its intrinsic electric charge radially to set up a reacting field. Although this is the same action as one has with Clerk Maxwell's electric displacement fields set up as between parallel metal plates, even where the intervening dielectric is a mere vacuum, the key difference is that the "radial" field action causes the vacuum medium to match the charge reaction by a state of spin about the axis from which that field radiates.
Accordingly, once you have set up that unipolarity charge condition, as in an ionized air formed by a lightning discharge, there can be a vacuum spin reaction by which a sphere of aether spins to set up a compensating electric field which can hold the charge and its energy stable for a while before lapsing into decay. My theory told me that the electric energy component would be that deployed from the initiating source, but that the spin developed would bring in an inflow of energy related to angular momentum and drawing on the quantum energy of the so-called "zero-point" field of the vacuum underworld. One unit of electric energy in implies one additional unit of free energy, a two-to-one gain, but as a one-off action. Only by cyclic repetition of the process can one hope to achieve a steady inflow of surplus or "free" energy and to build the gain ratio one must devise a way of recycling that electric energy.
Vacuum spin is the key to any success reported in the homo polar generators we hear about and even, I believe, in the pulsed discharge devices developed by Paulo and Alexandra Correa.[15] In one case you have a conductive disc spinning in an axial magnetic field, which implies radial electric field induction within the disc and in the other one has a contained ion discharge, with the usual and well-recognized anomalous positive glow features. The latter succeeds in sustaining excess energy generation because it is pulsed continuously, whereas the former exhibits anomaly transiently, as on start up, and is not easily cycled in the electrical sense.
Now, with that as background, consider the uni-polar electric charge sitting on a metal sphere within a Faraday cage and held there by thermal radiation. Here the radial field exists outside the sphere. It too will induce a vacuum spin effect. The aether is caused to spin, albeit with little energy involved, but spin around that sphere. It is subjected to the Earth's magnetic field and aether in spin happens to have its own induced magnetic moment. This means that, to the extent that the Earth's magnetic field is not aligned with the aether spin axis, it will tend to precess, as does a gyroscope, owing toa turning couple exerted by the Earth's field. [One of the fascinating problems of physics is that posed by the precession of the geomagnetic N-S field axis about the Earth's N-S spin axis. The Earth has a26,000 year or so rate of precession about an axis in space parallel with a fixed axis in space as duly explained by gravitational forces. The geomagnetic axis processes at a rate of the order of one revolution every 1,000 years owing to a magnetic couple set up by the interaction of two electrical charge systems in spin, one being charge within body Earth and one being a neutralizing charge within coextensive aether.] This will surely break up the aether spin, causing the formation of vortices, etc. This means that the vacuum spin becomes a regenerative process as these vortices decay to shed energy as heat and a succession of reacting aether regions in spin make their contribution. What this amounts to is a state where a metal object shaped in a way which approximates a cube or a sphere, so as to have a center about which induced electric displacement has a radial form, will encourage inflow of energy from the enveloping aether which energy is shed by warming the air around the object and by convection [inside the cage], revealing a slightly higher temperature than ambient just above that object.
As I understand the description of the experiments outlined by Paulo and Alexandra Correa in their paper in Infinite Energy,[2]this argument in terms of vacuum spin or, rather, "aether spin" is relevant. One must find the true explanation for that "orgone" energy mystery and here is an explanation that has much to offer in our search for a new energy source. The energy gain indicated is minute in commercial terms but its existence tells us that accepted physical teaching is lacking on this anomalous energy pursuit and, if only that fact can register in the minds of physicists in general, one can hope that they will be open to new ideas and will muster their forces in strength to broaden the field of battle and embark on a concerted crusade to break down the barriers which currently deny us access to the field of "infinite energy" which surrounds us.
Mallove, E.F. 2001. "The Mysteries and Myths of Heat," Infinite Energy, 7, 37, 9-11.
Correa, P.N. and Correa, A.N. "The Reproducible Thermal Anomaly of the Reich-Einstein Experiment Under Limit Conditions," Infinite Energy, 7, 37, 12-21.
Vonnegut, B. 1960. "Electrical Theory of Tornadoes," Journal of Geophysical Research,65, 203-212.
Ryan, R.T. and Vonnegut, B. 1971. "Formation of a Vortex by an Elevated Electrical Heat Source," Nature Physical Science, 233, 142-143.
Cullwick, E.G. 1976. "Relativity and the Ether," Electronics & Power, 22, 40.
Aspden, H. 1982. "Charge Induction by Thermal Radiation," Journal of Electrostatics,13, 71-80.
Aspden, H. and Eagles, D.M. 1975. "Calculation of the Proton Mass in a Lattice Model for the Aether," Il Nuovo Cimento, 30A, 235-238.
Stacey, F.D. and Tuck, G.J. 1984. "Non-Newtonian Gravity: Geophysical Evidence, "Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants II, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 617,pp. 597-600.
Schwartzschild, B. 1986. "Reanalysis of Old Eötvos Data suggests Fifth Force," Physics Today, October, 17-20.
Chu, S.Y. and Dicke, R.H. 1986. "New Force or Thermal Gradient in Eötvos Experiment," Physical Review Letters, 57, 1823-1824.
Fischbach, E. et al. 1986. "Alternative Explanations for the Eötvos Results," Physical Review Letters, 57, 1959.
Stacey, F.D. and Tuck, G.J. 1981. "Geophysical Evidence for Non-Newtonian Gravity, "Nature, 292, 230-232.
Aspden, H. 1977. "Space, Energy and Creation," Lecture at Cardiff University, fullpaper of record at www.energyscience.co.uk/bib/1977d.htm.
Aspden, H. 1983. "The Thunderball: An Electrostatic Phenomenon," Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 66, Electrostatics 1983, Oxford, 179-184.
Correa, P.N. and Correa, A.N. 1995. "Energy Conversion System," U.S. Patent No.5,449,989, September 12
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Does the prospect gasp a sigh of relief, utter under his breath, "Thank goodness," and pull a purchase order from the drawer? Perhaps in Grimm's version of the story, but not in the real world.
Prospects are sceptical of salespeople whose products or services are "exactly" what they need, especially if the salespeople are too quick to make the proclamation.
At some level, prospects want to believe that their problems, concerns, and goals are not run of the mill, but rather, somewhat unique requiring solutions that are also somewhat unique.
So, even if your product or service is exactly what the prospect needs, don't be so quick to make the announcement. Tell the prospect that you have addressed similar situations and with the proper focus, and fine-tuning (perhaps with his help), you can provide him with a competent solution. You still get your point across—that you have a solution. And, you acknowledge the uniqueness of his situation which will require more than a cookie-cutter solution.


text:
Günther Wolkenaer (1958/1959 – March 2016) is a West German slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. He won two bronze medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 1985 (C-2) and 1987 (C-2 team).

He died in March 2016 at the age of 57, three days after an accident with a two horse cart in the Dolomites on 21 March.

References

External links

 Günther WOLKENAER at CanoeSlalon.net

German male canoeists
2016 deaths
Year of birth missing
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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MCAI elections are just around the corner! Where has time gone? It is hard to believe that the summer is upon us, and it is time to elect new officers as well as board members at large.
Some people may say, Why should I think of running for office or volunteering on a board? I have discovered in the past couple of years as President, that I have gotten to know and have been able to work with so many wonderful people, and if I had not gotten out of my comfort zone, that would not have happened. I've discovered that by giving, I've gotten so much more back.
So, if there is some particular interest that you have whether it's helping with membership or working on publicity or becoming an MCAI officer, our board would love to hear from you. You may end up making a few new close friends, not just for business networking, but for life!


text:
The 2006 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament was a tournament of 48 teams from NCAA Division I who played for the NCAA Championship in soccer. The College Cup Final Four was held at Hermann Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri. All the other games were played at the home field of the higher-seeded team. The final was held on December 3, 2006. UC Santa Barbara, UCLA, Virginia, and Wake Forest made the Final Four. UC Santa Barbara beat Wake Forest and UCLA defeated Virginia. In the final UC Santa Barbara won the title game overcoming UCLA, 2–1.

The tournament started on November 10, 2006. The first round was played on November 10 and 11. The second round on the 15th, and the third round on the 18th and 19th. The Regional Finals were played on November 24–26.

Regional 1

Regional 2

Regional 3

Regional 4

College Cup – Hermann Stadium, St. Louis, Missouri

Results

First round

Second round

Third round

Quarterfinals

College Cup

Semifinals

Championship

Statistics

Goalscorers
5 goals

 Sal Zizzo — UCLA

4 goals

 Gerardo Alvarez — Northwestern
 David Estrada — UCLA

3 goals

 Andrew Daniels — Brown
 Eric Avila — UC Santa Barbara
 Nick Perera — UC Santa Barbara
 Tyler Rosenlund — UC Santa Barbara
 Adam Cristman — Virginia
 Yannick Reyering — Virginia
 Zack Schilawski — Wake Forest
 Kevin Forrest — Washington

2 goals

 Javier Ayala-Hil — California
 Mike Grella — Duke
 Michael Videira — Duke
 Spencer Wadsworth — Duke
 Michael Todd — Hofstra
 Brad North — Northwestern
 Joseph Lapira — Notre Dame
 Kurt Martin — Notre Dame
 Jason Leopoldo — UCLA
 Scott Jones — UNC Greensboro
 Steven Curfman — Wake Forest
 Marcus Tracy — Wake Forest

1 goal

 Rob Philippou — Adelphi
 Barry Neville — Binghamton
 Nick Elenz-Martin — Brown
 Mark Schmiegel — Bucknell
 Jeff Serafini — California
 Jacob Wilson — California
 Frederico Moojen — Clemson
 Bryson Moore — Clemson
 Dane Richards — Clemson
 Julius James — Connecticut
 Chris Loftus — Duke
 Jimmy Gaughan — Fairfield
 Christian Uy — Fairfield
 Richard Godfrey — Gardner-Webb
 Chris Salvaggione — Gardner-Webb
 Andre Akpan — Harvard
 Mike Fucito — Harvard
 Rory McCrea — Hofstra
 Eric Cervantes — Illinois-Chicago
 Pavle Dundjer — Illinois-Chicago
 Cesar Zambrano — Illinois-Chicago
 Brian Ackley — Indiana
 Adam Gazda — Lehigh
 Jeremy Hall — Maryland
 Graham Zusi — Maryland
 Stephen Brown — New Mexico
 Blake Danaher — New Mexico
 Justin McGrane — Northern Illinois
 David Roth — Northwestern
 Brian Usinger — Northwestern
 Trevor Banks — Old Dominion
 Ross MacKenzie — Old Dominion
 Jeffrey Gonsalves — Rhode Island
 Łukasz Tumicz — Rhode Island
 Nick LaBrocca — Rutgers
 Freddy McDonald — San Diego State
 Peter Lowry — Santa Clara
 Brian Martin — Santa Clara
 Babajide Ogunbiyi — Santa Clara
 Erik Ustruck — Santa Clara
 Scott Corbin — SMU
 Ryan Soroka — St. John's
 Nino Mangione — Towson
 Pat Healey — Towson
 Kevin Ruck — Towson
 Shane Elsner — UAB
 Bryan Byrne — UC Santa Barbara
 Andy Iro — UC Santa Barbara
 David Walker — UC Santa Barbara
 Chance Myers — UCLA
 Kyle Nakazawa — UCLA
 Michael Stephens — UCLA
 Thomas Campbell — UNC Greensboro
 Michael Fitzgerald — UNC Greensboro
 Randi Patterson — UNC Greensboro
 Nico Colaluca — Virginia
 Ian Holder — Virginia
 Jonathan Villanueva — Virginia
 Patrick Nyarko — Virginia Tech
 Sam Cronin — Wake Forest
 Michael Lahoud — Wake Forest
 Wells Thompson — Wake Forest
 Matt Fischer — Washington
 Steve Mohn — Washington
 Chris Wittig — West Virginia

References

Championship
NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament seasons
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Earlier this week the farewell event was hosted in Botswana to give a brilliant goodbye send off to the 34 nominated beneficiary students travelling to China to study.
Addressing the students Mr Goya stressed the importance of their behavior adding that they are representing their families and Botswana as a nation.
Mr Zheng said 34 students had been already given scholarship under the ministry of education of china whereas 30 students were expected to benefit under ministry of commerce of China.
He also advised the students to be brave while in China and to overcome the challenges of unfamiliar situation as well as language difficulties.
Mr Zheng further encouraged the students to serve nation well after successful completion of their studies as Botswana was a promising country of development.
Mr. Zheng expressed his optimism for the student's future and their time in China. He advised the students to focus on exploration, learning and expanding their knowledge in their chosen area of studies.
Zheng further commended Botswana for creating a strong foundation for its children to study a wide range of courses and gave thanks to the government of China for supporting Botswana and the education system.
Representatives of students who are going to study in China also spoke at the farewell ceremony with Ms One Jenamo, stating that they would carry along the spirit of 'Botho' to put the country in a good picture and represent it well. She said all the focus will be on their studies as to come back successfully and with good results.


With the changing times, everything changes and medium of instruction is not an exception. We see that, today, majority want to send their wards to such schools where the medium of instruction is in English. Hence, the school management decided to begin sections where the medium of instruction is English, where L.K.G and U.K.G sections were initially commenced as the first step. In the coming years, this will be extended till the Tenth Standard.
The Govt. of Kerala had issued an order to all the Managements of the schools to renovate the old Buildings in accordance with the specifications mentioned in K.E.R and hence, many classrooms needs to be substituted. The Govt. provides Mid-day meals to the students for which a Dining Hall is necessary. In the near future, the management decided to construct sufficient classrooms and a Dining Hall, which was done.
Shreemad Anantheshwar Temple High School, Manjeshwar has been endeared by its alumni at home and abroad, situated at Guddekeri in the heart of Manjeshwar town on the right side of railway track. It is at the distance of one kilometer from the pilgrimage centre Shreemad Anantheshwar Temple, Manjeshwar. Since it is located in a remote area, it is free from hustle and bustle of town. It has imparted knowledge to the students of far and near areas. Shree Manjeshwar Govinda Pai and other people with humanitarian outlook wanted to educate the youth of that period. By virtue of their hard work S.A.T Elementary School came into existence on 2-6-1925. Classes started in a building in front of Shree Dharma Agrahara at car street, Manjeshwar. When the number of pupils increased a marriage was built and the classes were held there. The main building was constructed in 1925 at Guddekeri, where at present elementary section is functioning. It is a roof building with high walls and ventilators. In spite of this building the students did not find place there and up to a period classes were held at near Bhaktha mutt and in a go down building on the right side as there were two divisions in classes. In the year 1935 permanent grant was sanctioned on 4-10-1936.Honourable M.A Ameeruddin laid foundation stone for the first extension of the building. On 7-2-1937 District Collector of South Canara A.D Crombie inaugurated the building. Manjeshwar was in the Madras province and it was the time of British Regime. The second extension of the building was over during 1946.
During the year 1950 the elementary school was shifted to vana and only high school classes were conducted in the main building as it was upgraded as high school. It was owing to the strenuous effort of Shri K.P Kamath, who served as Executive Officer of the Temple. In the elementary school there were classes from first up to fifth standard. The old building was also extended when divisions were formed due to increase in students strength. It was then known as S.A.T Lower Primary School. Under same management two institutions functioned separately and some teachers served in upper primary section which was included in high school. Late Sri Purushotham Kini, who was teacher in upper primary section became headmaster in high school section until his retirement.
In the year 1950-51 IIIrd form and following year fourth form and in the year 1953 first batch of S.S.L.C students appeared for the examination. In the year 1953 one more extension building was completed on the left side of the mail building with tile roof. On the near side of main building a stage was built with r.c.c roof. The foundation stone being laid by Swami Vijnanandaji of Ramakrishna ASHRAM, Mangalore. The same was inaugurated by Shri Ramakrishna Rao, who was then Governor of Kerala,on 28-11-1958. His Holiness Shri Shri Shri Sudheendra Theertha Swamiji of Kashimutt Samsthan,Varanasi,Kashi laid foundation stone for a RCC building in front of old building on 11-12-1957. The building was inaugurated by himself on 22-6-1961.It was a landmark in the history of high school. In the year 1963 the government condensed the S.S.L.C course to ten years from eleven years. In the meanwhile lower primary school was shifted to main building and upper primary section came under the headmaster of high school.
In this institution for the overall development of students,various facilities were made. When the students from Bayar, Paivalike and Mangalpady used to come it was not possible for them to travel daily. So the management committee was kind enough to start a hostel with vegetarian mess. Considerable number of students (boys) accured the benefit from it. Shri Rama Kamath who was a teacher here was looking after the hostel. When the RCC building was constructed, hostel building was abolished. However the midday meals was provided to the poor students from the temple management committee free of cost. Mock parliament was held after school hour so as to inculcate administrative skill in the students. Other extra curricular activities were encouraged. In sports there were enthusiastic athletes and sportsmen who were trained by the Physical education teachers like Late Shri B.Srinivasa Rao, Smt Sumathi Bai,Late Hasanabba and Shri Girish Bhat. All these teachers inculcating discipline among the students. In the year 1960 Girl Guide movement was started by Smt.Sumathi Bai, the then Lady Instructress of our school. In the same year Auxiliary Cadets Crops (A.C.C) for girls was intoduced by Smt.Sumathi Bai, later on in 1969 it bagged the first A.C.C troop award in Kerala. The same was introduced for the boys by Late Shri Kadri Krishna Padakannaya. After this Smt Lilly Bai continued as a Scout and Guide teacher. In 1983 Kumari Sumana Baliga won the Presidential guide award. During the beginning of the school Shree Sharada Pooja Mahotsava was performed in the school by prathista of Sharada idol which was taken to jalastambhana on Vijayadashami day. In the Kalyana mantap some documentary films were screened using 16m.m projector. Students were enjoying it. Weaving classes were conducted by Late Sri K.Krishnan. In "THINGALA HABBA", Dr. Shivaram Karanth himself present and guided students. On 6-5-1985 the Diamond Jubilee memorial building foundation stone was laid by Sri.R.V.Deshpande,Minister for small-scale industries,Karnataka and the same was inaugurated on 6-5-1986 by Sri B.Ganapathi Pai, Bharath beedi works,Mangalore. It was followed with different programmes. Platinum Jubilee of the school was celebrated on 22-10-2000 with different cultural programmes. The students as well as the teachers and public witnessed a grand meal in the last day. It is obvious to say that our institution stepping towards 85th year by achieving academic and non academic excellence. With the blessings of god and faithful students and old students let it continue to spread fragrance to the world.
S.A.T school was founded by the Management of Srimad Anantheshwar Temple" with the sole purpose of imparting 'education with values' in non urban areas like Manjeshwar. The school was founded in 1925 when there were no facilities for education for an area around 20 Kilometers. Hence, students from far away places such as Kumbla, Kodlamogaru, Miyapadavu Moodambail and Ullal benefited from our Institution. Noon meal was also provided by the Temple Management for those students. Over the years, 1000's of students have studied in this institution and at present are very well off, in better positions all over India and abroad.


Biometric data can provide useful information about person's overall wellness. The focus of this dissertation is wellness monitoring and diagnostics based on behavioral and physiological traits. The research comprises of three studies: passive non-intrusive biometric monitoring, active monitoring using a wearable computer, and a diagnostics of early stages of Parkinson's disease. In the first study, a biometric analysis system for collecting voice and gait data from a target individual has been constructed. A central issue in that problem is filtering of data that is collected from non-target subjects. A novel approach to gait analysis using floor vibrations has been introduced. Naive Bayes model has been used for gait analysis, and the Gaussian Mixture Model has been implemented for voice analysis. It has been shown that the designed biometric system can provide sufficiently accurate data stream for health monitoring purposes.In the second study, a universal wellness monitoring algorithm based on a binary classification model has been developed. It has been tested on the data collected with a wearable body monitor SenseWear®PRO and with the Support Vector Machines acting as an underlying binary classification model. The obtained results demonstrate that the wellness score produced by the algorithm can successfully discriminate anomalous data.The focus of the final part of this thesis is an ongoing project, which aims to develop an automated tool for diagnostics of early stages of Parkinson's disease. A spectral measure of balance impairment is introduced, and it is shown that that measure can separate the patients with Parkinson's disease from control subjects.


text:
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Celtic v Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 8, 1915)
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May 8, 1915 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, at Ibrox Park. Celtic – Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (1-2). Attendance: 30,000; gate receipts: £864. Celtic (2-3-5): Charles
Celtic v Hibernian 4-1 (FA Cup Final, replay: April 16, 1914)
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April 16, 1914 Match: FA Cup, Final, replay, at Ibrox; kick-off: 17:45. Celtic – Hibernian 4-1 (3-0). Attendance: 40,000; gate receipts: £1,107. Referee: Mr. T.
Celtic v Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 10, 1913)
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May 10, 1913 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, at Celtic Park. Celtic – Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (1-2). Attendance: 30,000. Celtic (2-3-5): Charles Shaw, Alex McNair,
Glasgow Rangers v Celtic 3-1 (Glasgow Cup Final: October 12, 1912)
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October 12, 1912 Match: Glasgow Cup, Final, at Hampden Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 3-1 (0-1). Attendance: 80,000; gate receipts: £1,820. Referee: Mr. R.T. Murray
Celtic v Clyde 0-0 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 11, 1912)
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Glasgow Rangers v Celtic 2-0 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 10, 1911)
May 10, 1911 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, at Hampden Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 2-0 (0-0). Attendance: 22,000. Glasgow Rangers (2-3-5): Herbert Lock, Robert
Scottish League v English League 1-1 (Inter League: March 4, 1911)
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March 4, 1911 International: Inter League, at Ibrox (Glasgow). Scottish League – English League 1-1 (0-1). Attendance: 65,000; gate receipts: £1,573. Referee: Mr. J. Mason
Glasgow Rangers v Celtic 3-1 (Glasgow Cup Final: October 8, 1910)
October 8, 1910 kjehan
October 8, 1910 Match: Glasgow Cup, Final, at Hampden Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 3-1 (3-0). Attendance: 65,000. Referee: Mr. Ibbotson (Derby). Glasgow Rangers (2-3-5):
May 15, 1909 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, at Hampden Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 4-2 (3-0). Attendance: 25,000. Referee: Mr. Tom Robertson (Glasgow). Glasgow
Third Lanark v Celtic 4-0 (Glasgow Cup Final: October 28, 1908)
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October 17, 1908 Match: Glasgow Cup, Final, at Hampden Park. Third Lanark – Celtic 1-1 (0-0). Attendance: 20,000. Referee: Mr. J. Muir (Motherwell). Third Lanark
Celtic v Queen's Park 3-0 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 30, 1908)
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May 18, 1907 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, replay, at Cathkin Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 1-0 (1-0). Attendance: 35,000. Referee: Mr. J. Muir (Motherwell).
March 2, 1907 International: Inter League, at Ibrox. Scottish League – English League 0-0 (0-0). Attendance: 50,000; gate receipts: £1,677. Scottish League (2-3-5): William Muir
Celtic v Third Lanark 3-2 (Glasgow Cup Final: October 6, 1906)
October 6, 1906 Match: Glasgow Cup, Final, at Ibrox Park. Celtic – Third Lanark 3-2 (1-2). Attendance: 40,000; gate receipts: £1,081. Referee: Mr. John Lewis
English League v Scottish League 6-2 (Inter League: March 24, 1906)
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March 24, 1906 International: Inter League, at Stamford Bridge, kick-off: 15:30. English League – Scottish League 6-2 (2-1). Attendance: 18,000. Referee: Mr. W. Kennersley (Wrexham);
Celtic v Third Lanark 2-0 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 27, 1905)
May 27, 1905 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, replay, at Hampden Park. Celtic – Partick Thistle 2-0 (2-0). Attendance: 22,000. Referee: Mr. James Baillie (St.
Scottish League v English League 2-3 (Inter League: March 11, 1905)
March 11, 1905 International: Inter League, at Hampden Park. Scottish League – English League 2-3 (2-0). Attendance: 36,000. Referee: Mr. Risbotham (Ireland). Scottish League (2-3-5):
May 14, 1904 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, replay, at Hampden Park. Glasgow Rangers – Celtic 5-2 (1-0). Attendance: 25,000. Referee: Mr. Tom Robertson (Queen's
Celtic v Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (Scottish FA Cup Final: April 16, 1904)
April 16, 1904 Match: Scottish FA Cup Fina, at Hampden Park. Celtic – Glasgow Rangers 3-2 (2-2). Attendance: 64,323; gate receipts: £1,800. Referee: Mr. Tom
English League v Scottish League 2-1 (Inter League: April 4, 1904)
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April 4, 1904 International: Inter League, at Bank Street, Clayton (Manchester). English League – Scottish League 2-1 (0-1). Attendance: 40,000. Referee: Mr. W. Nunnerly (Wrexham).
Celtic v St. Mirren 5-2 (Glasgow Charity Cup Final: May 23, 1903)
May 23, 1903 Match: Glasgow Charity Cup, Final, at Cathkin Park. Celtic – St. Mirren 5-2 (4-1). Attendance: 14,000. Referee: Mr. Tom Robertson. Celtic (2-3-5):
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Fra Pau Puigserver Barceló (1880, Llucmajor, Mallorca - 1934, Waco, Texas, EUA) fou un franciscà mallorquí. Fra Puigserver professà com a franciscà del Tercer Orde Regular de Sant Francesc i s'ordenà prevere el 1905. Entre 1909 i 1914 fou director de la revista El Heraldo de Cristo, que havia fundat el 1909 al Convent de Sant Francesc de Palma, tres anys després de la creació de la comunitat a Palma. Els anys 1924 i 1925 va promoure la construcció de la seu de les Obreres de Sant Josep d'Artà. El 1926 fou destinat als Estats Units, a la ciutat de Waco, on els franciscans havien fundat una missió el 1924. El 1931 promogué la construcció del temple parroquial de Sant Francesc, rèplica de la missió de San José a la ciutat de San Antonio (Texas), el qual fou decorat amb pintures de Pere Barceló. Fou comissari dels Estats Units de la província espanyola del Tercer Orde regular els anys 1928, 1931 i 1934. A Waco fundà i dirigí la publicació El Eco Parroquial. És autor de la melodia de la Cançó dels artaners a Sant Antoni de Pàdua.

Referències

Religiosos llucmajorers contemporanis
Morts a Texas
Franciscans balears contemporanis
Franciscans mallorquins