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An Interview with Elizabeth Kostova
By Jessie Chaffee
Foundation logo (left); Elizabeth Kostova (right), photo by Yanka Kostova, 2017.
This month's issue features Bulgarian literature, and we were fortunate to speak with one of its champions, Elizabeth Kostova, founder of the Elizabeth Kostova Foundation. Now celebrating its tenth year, the foundation promotes and supports Bulgarian writers, and connects Bulgarian, American, and British writers and translators through seminars, awards, and opportunities in the field. Bulgaria is also the setting of Elizabeth's forthcoming novel, The Shadow Land (Penguin Random House, April 2017).
Words Without Borders (WWB): Can you speak a bit about your own relationship with Bulgaria and Bulgarian culture? What inspired your interest in and passion for the country and the culture?
Elizabeth Kostova (EK): I first went to Bulgaria because I'd heard and sung some of its famous folk music and wanted to see the place it came from; I arrived there with a couple of college friends in November 1989, just a week after the Berlin Wall fell, to do fieldwork on village singing. We took the overnight train from Belgrade to Sofia, and I woke early that morning to see the first mountains of western Bulgaria coming into view. I remember having the strange feeling that I was coming home to something. I stayed in the country six months, visiting towns, villages, and city choirs, and watching the monolith of communism coming down with a lot of shock and dust. Everywhere we went, I was moved by the beauty of the natural landscapes, the evidence of ancient civilizations crossing that patch of earth, the tragedy of Bulgaria's recent past, and people's kindness and hospitality. While I was there, I met my future husband, who came to live in the US. with me. We've been back there many times over a quarter century and I've seen the unfolding of a freer but also neglected and corrupt post-communist world there. I continue to love the place.
WWB: The Elizabeth Kostova Foundation (EKF) is now in its tenth year (congratulations!). What initially inspired you to create the foundation?
EK: Thank you! In 2005, I published a first novel (The Historian) that takes place partly in Bulgaria of the 1950s, and through that met many writers, translators, and publishers. I was struck by the dearth of programs and awards and other forms of encouragement for those professions there and I knew I wanted to give back something to the country that has inspired me as a writer. I created EKF—of which I'm now only a small part—with publisher Svetlozar Zhelev, and it has been an unprecedented success and support in the country's literary life, if I do say so! A great deal of the credit for that goes to our fabulous director, Milena Deleva, in New York, and her associate in Sofia, Simona Ilieva. It's been a joy for me to work on these projects with so many gifted and energetic people.
I knew I wanted to give back something to the country that has inspired me as a writer.
WWB: Has the foundation's mission and scope changed in the decade since its creation?
EK: We've stuck very closely to our original multi-faceted mission: to bring together Bulgarian literary professionals and their colleagues from the Anglophone world; to create fair, competitive, juried awards and other opportunities in the field; to reward the work of outstanding translators in both language directions (English/Bulgarian, Bulgarian/English); to establish the workshop model of discussing writing; and to get all this wonderful contemporary literature from Bulgaria into English—and promoted worldwide. You can see many of these authors and samples of their work on our extensive site dedicated to them.
Image: Participants in the Sozopol Fiction Seminars, 2016. Photo © Anthony Georgieff.
WWB: What types of programming and opportunities does the foundation offer?
EK: Our big show is the Sozopol Fiction Seminars, held every June in the beautiful Black Sea coast town of Sozopol. Through global, juried competition, we accept five emerging writers from Bulgaria and five from all over the English-writing world for a week of intensive workshops and presentations. It's such a moving, fun, serious, productive gathering each year! This event also features public lectures by distinguished writers from each language—in recent years we've been honored to host Georgi Gospodinov, Richard Russo, Deyan Enev, Alex Miller, Ilija Trojanow, Claire Messud, Kristin Dimitrova, Barry Lopez, Alek Popov, and Rana Dasgupta, among many others—and panel discussions with pretty amazing rosters of writers, editors, translators, publishers, and critics from the US, UK, Bulgaria, and sometimes other countries as well. Translation is always a major theme at the Sozopol Seminar. A lot of collaborations spring up there, often continuing far beyond that one week. This June, we're holding a one-time nonfiction seminar to celebrate our tenth anniversary. That has a great line-up, too.
We also sponsor the annual Krastan Dyankov Award for translation of a contemporary literary work from English into Bulgarian, which has become a major force in Bulgarian letters. And we cooperate with Open Letter Press to sponsor a Bulgarian translator to study publishing and editing in Rochester with them. Two years ago, we held Bulgaria's first working international poetry conference since the fall of the Wall. We also host all kinds of readings and theater events in both Bulgaria and the US. Some years ago, we brought Orhan Pamuk to speak and read in Bulgaria for the first time in his career.
For a complete list of our programs, and information about participating, readers can check out our main website. It's been an exciting ten years for us, beyond what I even hoped for when we set out on this path, and we owe a lot to our own numerous sponsors in Europe and the US.
WWB: From your perspective, has the literary scene in Bulgaria changed significantly in the last ten years? Have the types of literary work being produced changed?
EK: When I first started really paying attention there, I noticed there wasn't very much writing—in any genre except journalism—that attempted to deal head-on with the communist past, which is still keenly recent and has a continued impact on society there. (Of course, there are brilliant exceptions to that generalization.) Many Bulgarian writers seemed to be finding their way into literature through fables and magical realism. This has changed some in the last ten years, and there seems now to be a wider range of experiences, places, and historical subjects in contemporary writing coming out of the country—and also a wider range in terms of tone and attitude.
Image: The 2016 Krastan Dyankov Awards. Courtesy of the Elizabeth Kostova Foundation.
WWB: Can you share a few of your favorite success stories—either writers who have gone on to be better recognized because of the foundation's support or partnerships that have been inspired by the foundation?
EK: I'm really proud as an American writer to see the increased number of Bulgarian books published in English. When we began our work ten years ago, there were only two or three contemporary Bulgarian literary works in print in English—now there are nearly twenty. Many of these have come about through work by wonderful publishers who come to Sozopol and then stay interested in bringing out Bulgarian writers—Open Letter, Istros Books, Peter Owen, and others. When I look at just the books listed on our site now, I can hardly believe it. I'm also grateful to the several editors of literary/translation magazines and other venues who've now worked with us to host first-ever Bulgarian special issues and features—very much including Words Without Borders.
I've also enjoyed the individual stories I've seen unfold—for example, the American writer who came to Sozopol as a workshop fellow and has since published (in the US) almost a dozen different interviews with Bulgarian writers and reviews of their work. I think about some of the barely published younger writers from each language who published books after having been at Sozopol Seminars—that's mostly their own work, of course, but I like to think they received some real encouragement there. I also think of the passionate young Bulgarian professional translator who started attending an annual translation "atelier" we hold in Sofia, decided to try translating fiction for the first time, worked very hard to learn her new craft, won one of our US. translation residencies, and finally won a Dyankov Award—a truly impressive trajectory. And the distinguished American poet who's now working with a Bulgarian translator toward a book to be published in Sofia. And the four or five young Americans who had never been to Bulgaria until they attended the seminar, and subsequently sought out and won Fulbrights and other teaching jobs in the region. I think I can say without risk or immodesty that EKF has been crucial for many people in their decisions to pursue writing or translation as a profession.
When we began our work ten years ago, there were only two or three contemporary Bulgarian literary works in print in English—now there are nearly twenty.
WWB: What up-and-coming Bulgarian writers should we keep an eye out for?
EK: Honestly, there are so many interesting writers coming out of Bulgaria—and now often into English—that I probably shouldn't list names, or I'll miss someone! I'm especially happy to see writers in their twenties and thirties doing a lot of vigorous work there now. The teenage writers who participate in our Sofia programs are also inspiring.
WWB: Can you speak a bit about your forthcoming novel (pictured left), which is set in Bulgaria? What inspired it, and what types of research did you need to do to realize it?
EK: The Shadow Land, which will be out from Random House in the US on April 11, is partly the result of my many years of visiting and traveling in Bulgaria and partly the result of research. It's the story of a young American woman who comes to Bulgaria in 2008, to a chaotic, very-much-post-communist world there, without really knowing anything about the country. She's been in Sofia for only about an hour when she finds herself helping an elderly couple and their middle-aged son as they struggle to get into a taxi with their luggage—and then discovers too late that she's accidentally kept one of their bags, which turns out to contain an urn of human ashes with just a name in Cyrillic letters on it. So the novel is the story of her trying to do the right thing, trying to find these total strangers, and learning about a whole life under communism along the way. It has a very dark core but it's also a travel book, an odyssey through the beautiful landscapes I loved from my first visit in Bulgaria. It's also very much a book about political repression—and suppression—and I'm glad to be bringing it out at this exact political moment. To write The Shadow Land, I read a lot of oral histories, talked with older Bulgarians and with journalists, and traveled to spots I hadn't visited before or knew I wanted to write about. Writing and researching it made me look at my second country in a whole new way, and appreciate Bulgarian writers and artists even more.
Published Mar 6, 2017 Copyright 2017 Jessie Chaffee
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Jessie Chaffee
Jessie Chaffee is the editor of WWB Daily and the author of the debut novel Florence in Ecstasy (Unnamed Press, 2017), which is forthcoming in translation in Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Turkey, and Romania. She received a Fulbright Grant in Creative Writing to Italy to research and complete the novel. Her fiction has been published in Literary Hub, The Rumpus, Electric Literature, and Global City Review, among others, and she has been granted fellowships by the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts, Ox-Bow, and the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council. She earned her BA in the Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University and her MFA in fiction at the City College of New York.
More about Jessie Chaffee


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The Long Range Plan for the Federal Courts (1995) was the first comprehensive long-range or strategic plan for the federal judiciary.
the relationship between the judiciary and society.
The plan also included statements of the federal judiciary's vision, mission, and core values.
The Long Range Plan helped guide federal judiciary policy-making activities for many years, with the Judicial Conference and its committees bearing much of the responsibility for its implementation. The Long Range Plan also guided and influenced the strategic planning activities of courts and other judicial branch entities.
In 2010, the Strategic Plan for the Federal Judiciary succeeded the Long Range Plan as the strategic plan for the Judicial Conference and its committees. However, its recommendations and implementation strategies include many statements of Judicial Conference policy that, unless superseded by later Judicial Conference action, remain in effect to this day.


Here's something that we didn't come across in our research when we were planning for Costa Rica - the entrance to the Arenal Volcano National Park is on the northwestern-ish side of the volcano. We stayed, of course, on the southeastern-ish side (at Brisas Arenal if you're wondering!). Traveling around the volcano is no quick task and we were so jammed for time, so our goal was simple: maximize the fun and minimize the travel time.
Enter one of my favorite hikes I've ever done - Cerro Chato.
There are TONS of hikes in the Arenal area. But Cerro Chato happened to be the most convenient and the man who checked us in to our hotel recommended it. A quick Google showed review after review with the words "difficult" and "really challenging" involved.
So obviously we were going to do it.
We talked to a couple of people about the hike and most of them used the word "alto" and "loco." With each doubting sentence, I felt my confidence start to crack. Cerro Chato is an inactive volcano next to Arenal that boasts a green lagoon and also contributed to the formation of La Fortuna Waterfall. All Trails says it is a four mile out and back trail with 2283 feet of climbing, but those numbers didn't seem to align with how people described it.
But I set the anxiety aside and payed my entrance fee.
Quick side note: a lot of the trails in Costa Rica cost a few colones. You pay the Cerro Chato entrance fee at the Green Lagoon hotel. I believe there is an alternate trail from the Arenal Observatory on the other side!
As soon as we started the hike, we were climbing. It was a pretty gradual uphill with some pretty spectacular views. I'll admit it, I was thinking that this hike wasn't shaping up to be too bad.
Oh, how I should have known.
Eventually you enter into a rainforest area and that's where the climbing…hm, scrambling? really begins. And you're mostly climbing mud. We overheard a small group and the guide was warning to check your handholds before you grabbed onto them - conveniently placed twigs could easily be a snake!
We spent the whole time searching for some animals, but didn't have much luck beyond bugs and one snake. The trail was fairly well trafficked with people on the way back down from the top. They gave various reports on the extra bit of the trail to add on and go down to the lagoon. Most people were saying that the extra trek wasn't worth it and it was pretty treacherous. We decided to wait and see what was in store!
Yup, this was the trail.
We reached the summit and peeked out over the edge to get a glimpse of the lagoon. And didn't see much, aside from a very literal glimpse. There was no way we WEREN'T going to climb down to the lagoon!
And, alright. Those passerby were right about ONE thing: it was maybe a little bit "treacherous." But they were so, so wrong about it not being worth it!
If you're in pretty good condition and don't mind the threat of some scrapes and sliding, I say go for it! There were some moments that I never thought I'd reach the bottom, but we made it.
After relaxing at the lagoon, it was time to head back up. And that's where the REAL freaking fun begins. I've not been outdoor rock climbing (yet!!), but I 100% used some climbing skills to get back up to the summit. It was like a puzzle. Challenging both mentally and physically! I had a huge smile slapped across my face the entire time.
Once we made it back up, we realized that there was a view of Arenal at the summit! The fact that we totally missed it the first time around really shows how cloudy it was that day. We relaxed some more with some snacks and other travelers and then headed back down towards the start of the trail.
What to Do After the Cerro Chato Trail?
Super bonus? After this physically taxing hike, you can also choose to check out La Fortuna Waterfall! Just keep in mind that there are 500 steps to get there. We went one hour before closing and it wasn't totally crowded with people - highly recommend that!
Now, Cerro Chato is definitely a hard trail. Adding 500 steps onto the end of that didn't help heal my quads at all. My legs were FEELING it. But the (other) lovely thing about the Arenal area is that there are also plenty of hot springs to choose from to soothe your aching muscles.
And that, my friend, is my perfect day in Arenal. Sweaty, smelly, covered in mud, and a huge smile on my face.
Want some bonus perfection? Check out one of the many hot springs in town. Those muscles deserve some rejuvination, my friend!


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To continue and advance the state's commitment to the preservation, enhancement and development of the world-renowned scenic, natural, historic, cultural and recreational resources of the Hudson River Valley while continuing to emphasize economic development activities and remaining consistent with the tradition of municipal home rule.
The Hudson River Valley Greenway Act of 1991 (the "Greenway Act") created a process for voluntary regional cooperation among 264 communities within 13 counties that border the Hudson River. A map of the Greenway area and communities can be found at the bottom of this page. The Hudson River Valley Greenway (the "Greenway"), as established in the Greenway Act, is an innovative state sponsored program created to facilitate the development of a regional strategy for preserving scenic, natural, historic, cultural and recreational resources while encouraging compatible economic development and maintaining the tradition of home rule for land use decision-making. The Greenway Act created two organizations, within the executive department, to facilitate the Greenway process: the Hudson River Valley Greenway Communities Council and the Greenway Conservancy for the Hudson River Valley, Inc.
The Greenway Communities Council (the "Greenway Council") was established to coordinate with local and county governments the development and enhancement of local land use planning techniques and the creation of a voluntary regional planning compact for the Hudson River Valley. Appropriated funding to the Greenway Council makes available to Greenway Communities planning grants, compact grants and technical assistance through the "Greenway Communities Program".
The Greenway Conservancy is a public benefit corporation that works with local and county governments, regional, local, private and public organizations, and individuals. The Greenway Conservancy coordinates efforts to establish a Hudson River Valley Trail system, promote the Hudson River Valley as a single tourism destination area, assist in the preservation of agriculture and strengthen state agency cooperation with local governments.
A map of the Greenway area.


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4 little-discussed temple symbols and their meanings
byDonald W. Parry, adapted from "175 Temple Symbols and Their Meanings" | Sep. 23, 2020
Editor's note: This article originally appeared in the September/October 2020 issue of LDS Living magazine.
Regarding the symbolism of the temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President Russell M. Nelson taught us that "each temple is a house of learning. There we are taught in the Master's way. His way differs from modes of others. His way is ancient and rich with symbolism. We can learn much by pondering the reality for which each symbol stands. Teachings of the temple are beautifully simple and simply beautiful. They are understood by the humble, yet they can excite the intellect of the brightest minds."1 Here are a few temple-related symbols and the significance behind them that may give you some greater insight as you ponder the temple and its ordinances.
President Russell M. Nelson instructed, "Wearing the temple garment has deep symbolic significance. It represents a continuing commitment. Just as the Savior exemplified the need to endure to the end, we wear the garment faithfully as part of the enduring armor of God. Thus we demonstrate our faith in Him and in His eternal covenants with us."2 President Boyd K. Packer explained, "Members who have received their temple ordinances thereafter wear the special garment or underclothing. . . . The garment represents sacred covenants. It fosters modesty and becomes a shield and protection to the wearer."3
The temple garment has an antecedent in the Old Testament. During the period of the law of Moses, both high priests and priests wore special linen breeches, which some scholars identify as undergarments.4 "Thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach . . . it shall be a statute for ever unto him and his seed after him" (Ex. 28:42–43). These linen breeches, together with all other sacred vestments, were "holy garments" (Ex. 28:2; see also v. 40). According to Exodus 28, Aaron and his sons were required to wear the linen breeches when they entered the tabernacle lest they "bear . . . iniquity, and die" (v. 43).
Biblical scholar Deborah Rooke has written about the ancient priestly undergarments and compared them to our temple garments. She writes that "the obvious point of similarity between the ancient and the modern forms of underwear is that they are both invisible to the outward observer and yet both are a required part of correct sacred clothing in their respective contexts. It therefore seems reasonable to suggest that there may be some correspondence in function between the two."5 The undergarments of the high priest were distinctive because of their woven patterns (see Ex. 28:39); according to one Hebrew lexicon, the rare verb in Exodus 28:39 (Hebrew: shibbatz) means "to weave patterns."6
Scholars can only guess at the design of the patterns. Elder Carlos E. Asay reveals also the distinctiveness of our temple garments: "Garments bear several simple marks of orientation toward the gospel principles of obedience, truth, life, and discipleship in Christ."7
On October 10, 1988, the First Presidency—Ezra Taft Benson, Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson—explained in a letter: "Church members who have been clothed with the garment in the temple have made a covenant to wear it throughout their lives. . . . The promise of protection and blessings is conditioned upon worthiness and faithfulness in keeping the covenant. . . . Endowed members of the Church wear the garment as a reminder of the sacred covenants they have made with the Lord and also as a protection against temptation and evil. How it is worn is an outward expression of an inward commitment to follow the Savior."8
Spencer W. Kimball explains that the garment provides several categories of protection for us: "Temple garments afford protection. . . . Though generally I think our protection is a mental, spiritual, moral one, yet I am convinced that there could be and undoubtedly have been many cases where there has been, through faith, an actual physical protection."9
An important discourse on the temple garment was written by Elder Carlos E. Asay (mentioned above). Among other teachings, he explained that "the piece of armor called the temple garment . . . strengthens the wearer to resist temptation, fend off evil influences, and stand firmly for the right. . . . And, to the degree it is honored, [it is] a token of what Paul regarded as taking upon one the whole armor of God."10
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The [ancient] high priest's vestments included an ephod (or "special apron," Ex. 39:2, note a), which was made of "gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen" (Ex. 39:2). Biblical scholar Menahem Haran states that the ephod "is a sort of apron encircling the body from the loins downward."11 Based on his reading of Exodus 28:27 and 39:20, Haran explains, "We may assume that when the priest wishes to remove the apron from his waist, he . . . can untie the 'joining' at his back and take off the ephod frontwards."12
The ephod, together with the Urim and Thummim, was associated with prophetic powers. According to the ancient work the Testament of Levi 8:2–10, "I [Levi] saw seven men in white clothing, who were saying to me, 'Arise, put on the vestments of the priesthood, the crown of righteousness, the oracle of understanding, the robe of truth, the breastplate of faith, the miter for the head and the apron for prophetic power" (emphasis added). Beyond the high priest's special apron, Genesis 3:7 refers to Adam and Eve's aprons, made of fig leaves, which were worn in the garden of Eden (see "Fig Leaves").
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Fig Leaves
In regard to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, Genesis 3:7 states, "The eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons." Here the scriptural author skillfully uses two nuanced components that hint at sexual matters (and, by way of extension, procreation) with reference to fig leaves. The couple sewed these together to cover their nakedness; figs, which consist of an abundance of seeds, are suggestive of reproductive powers. So, too, the color green is sometimes associated with fertility, fruitfulness, and living things, speaking of both spiritual and physical things (see Job 15:32; Ps. 37:2; Jer. 11:16–17; Hosea 14:8; D&C 135:6).
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In the context of ancient and modern temples, names have a vital role—for both women and men.13 The most eminent name associated with temples, of course, is that of the Lord, but our own names are also exceptionally significant and powerful in the temple setting.
The Lord's name: All temples are "built unto [His] name" (D&C 105:33); in fact, the Lord commands us to build temples to His name (see D&C 124:39). Joseph Smith's Kirtland Temple dedicatory prayer refers to the Lord's name multiple times (see D&C 109:2–3, 9, 22). After the temple dedication, the Lord declared, "For behold, I have accepted this house, and my name shall be here" (D&C 110:7). Regarding the Lord's name and the holy temples, President Dallin H. Oaks explained, "The Old Testament contains scores of references to the name of the Lord in a context where it clearly means the authority of the Lord. Most of these references have to do with the temple. . . . The scriptures speak of the Lord's putting His name in a temple because He gives authority for His name to be used in the sacred ordinances of that house."14 Elder David A. Bednar spoke of temple ordinances and Jesus's name: "Thus, in the ordinances of the holy temple we more completely and fully take upon us the name of Jesus Christ."15
Jesus Christ's new name: Jesus Christ, at His Second Coming, will have "a name written, that no man knew, but he himself" (Rev. 19:12).
The "new name": Several scriptural passages refer to the significance of our names in the setting of the temple—this pertains equally to women and men. In a passage that has multiple temple themes, Revelation 2–3 twice uses the term "new name": "To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it" (Rev. 2:17); "Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God . . . and I will write upon him my new name" (Rev. 3:12). These passages in Revelation may be associated with another passage, in which the Lord revealed, "A white stone is given to each of those who come into the celestial kingdom, whereon is a new name written, which no man knoweth save he that receiveth it. The new name is the key word" (D&C 130:11).
In Isaiah 56, the Lord refers to His temple via a variety of expressions (see vv. 1–7), then in verse 5 the Lord states that He will give temple worshippers a hand and a name: "I will give to them in my house [e.g., the temple] and within my walls a hand and a name" (translation by author).
Just as a change of vestments— from secular street clothes to sacred vestments—indicates a favorable change of status, a new name also denotes an elevation of stature for all participants in the temple ordinances—females and males.
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Lead image of the Suva Fiji Temple from Getty Images
With 175 separate entries, this volume explores a variety of these rich symbols and truths regarding ancient and modern temples. Listed in alphabetical order for convenient references, the entries deal with a broad range of categories, including temple architecture, rituals and ordinances, sacred clothing, sacrificial offerings, geometric symbols, colors, heavenly bodies (sun, moon, stars), prayer and revelation, sacred names, religious festivals, and more. This thorough yet accessible collection allows each of us to gain a greater understanding of valuable symbols, enriching our temple experience and giving each of us a clearer vision of the many ways our temple worship points us toward Jesus Christ. Available now at Deseret Book stores and on DeseretBook.com.
Nelson, "Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings," 33; emphasis added.
Nelson, "Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings," 33. See also Hales, "Blessings of the Priesthood," 32–34.
Packer, The Holy Temple, 75.
The linen breeches were "undergarments of plain linen." Durham, Exodus, 385.
Rooke, "Breeches of the Covenant: Gender, Garments and the Priesthood," 32.
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1401. One may also review Welch and Foley, "Gammadia on Early Jewish and Christian Garments," 253–58, who present evidence regarding an L-shaped symbol that has been found on early Jewish and Christian garments and other textiles.
Asay, "The Temple Garment," 20; see also Marshall, "Garments," 2:534.
Ezra Taft Benson, Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson, First Presidency Letter, October 10, 1988, cited in Asay, "The Temple Garment," 22; emphasis in the original.
Kimball, The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, 539. Many other Church authorities have spoken regarding the protection of the temple garment. See for example, Hales, "Blessings of the Priesthood," 32.
Asay, "The Temple Garment," 20–21; emphasis in the original. See also Marshall,
"Garments," 2:534. Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 166.
Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel, 167.
For names in the temple setting, see Porter and Ricks, "Names in Antiquity: Old, New, and Hidden," 501–22.
Oaks, "Taking upon Us the Name of Jesus Christ," 81.
Bednar, "Honorably Hold a Name and Standing," 98.
Makes You Think Symbolism Temples Temple Ordinances Donald W. Parry 175 Temple Symbols And Their MeaningsSymbolism,Temples,Temple Ordinances,Donald W. Parry,175 Temple Symbols And Their Meanings,Makes You Think
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Elder Bednar on Accessing Temple Blessings Even When You Can't Attend in Person
Danielle Christensen
The 'crowning jewel': Lesser-known stories behind the building of the Las Vegas temple
Fred E. Woods
Ever wanted to attend the temple with a Hebrew expert? Ponder the symbolism with Donald W. Parry
Valerie Russell
Plural marriage, divorce, adoption sealings, and other relationship topics 'Saints,' volume 2 tackles
What We Can Learn from Early Latter-day Saints About Feeling Temple Power Without Temples in Operation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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J.F. Justiss III
In April 2013, J.F. Justiss III was named President of Justiss Oil Company, Inc. An alumni of Louisiana Tech University, he holds a B.S. in Geology and Petroleum Technology.
Adam Williams
Adam Williams is the Vice President of Business Development. He is a 2008 Graduate of The University Of Louisiana at Monroe with a B.A. in Business Management.
Justin Brixey
Manager of Drilling Operations
Justin Brixey is the Manager of Drilling Operations at Justiss Oil Company, Inc.
Bill Ross
Bill Ross is Justiss Oil Company's resident Geologist. He graduated from Louisiana Tech University, where he earned a B.S. in Geology.
W.B. McCartney, Jr.
W.B. McCartney, Jr. is the Executive Vice President of Justiss Oil Company, Inc. An alumni of Northeast Louisiana University, McCartney holds a B.A. in Business.
Craig Breithaupt
Craig Breithaupt is the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer at Justiss Oil Company, Inc. He is an alumni of Louisiana State University, where he earned a B.S. in Accounting.
Logan Raborn
Manager of Production Operations
Logan Raborn is the Manager of the Production and Well Service operations since 2016. He is a graduate of Louisiana State University with a B.S. in Petroleum Engineering. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the state of Louisiana.
Email J.F. Justiss III
Email Adam Williams
Email Justin Brixey
Email Bill Ross
Email W.B. McCartney, Jr.
Email Craig Breithaupt
Email Logan Raborn


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AT&T Ramps up Mobile Commerce Platform with Digby
Monday, April 11, 2011 Service Providers
AT&T introduced a new "Digby Mobile Commerce" service to help retailers design, deploy and manage mobile commerce web sites and rich applications optimized for smartphones. The service, which is offered in conjunction with Austin, Texas-based Digby, will guide retail brands through the process of creating mobile websites that display rich product images and live catalogs.
AT&T already provides retail industry solutions across mobile channels, including AT&T Mobile Barcode Services, AT&T Global Messaging Suite, AT&T Digital Signage and ShopAlerts by AT&T.
"By adding Digby Mobile Commerce Solutions to our portfolio of Mobile Marketing Solutions, we're able to offer retailers a comprehensive set of services for promoting, merchandising, and selling product through a mobile channel," said Chris Hill, Vice President, Advanced Mobility Solutions, AT&T Business Solutions. "Digby mobile and in-store application development and mobile commerce features, combined with AT&T's retail industry consulting practice and mobile marketing solutions, give retail companies exactly what they need to engage potential customers who are on-the-go and in the store."http://www.att.com
http://www.digby.com
ADTRAN Posts Record Q1 Revenue of $165 Million
Monday, April 11, 2011 Financial
ADTRAN reported record Q1 2011 revenue of $165 million for the quarter, up 30% compared to $127 million for the first quarter of 2010. Operating income increased 80% to $45.6 million for the quarter compared to $25.3 million for the first quarter of 2010. Net income increased 88% to $34.3 million for the quarter, compared to $18.2 million for the first quarter of 2010. Earnings per share, assuming dilution, increased 79% to $0.52 for the quarter, compared to $0.29 for the first quarter of 2010.
ADTRAN Chief Executive Officer Tom Stanton stated, "For the quarter our combined growth areas grew 51% over the previous year, allowing the company to achieve its fourth consecutive quarterly revenue record. Moreover, each of the individual segments within this category achieved new records. Broadband Access saw revenue growth of 42% over first quarter 2010, led by the continued success of our Total Access 5000 platform. Our Internetworking category grew 48%, fueled by channel expansion and growing acceptance of new applications. Optical Access grew an impressive 86%, driven by the increasing demand for mobile data. We are pleased with the long term prospects of the markets we serve and our company's position to deliver positive results."http://www.adtran.com
GSA: Nearly 400 HSPA Systems in Operation
Monday, April 11, 2011 Mobile
Commercial HSPA services have been launched on 398 networks, according to the GSA (Global mobile Suppliers Association), 17% higher than a year ago. Some other newly released stats:
More than two-thirds of HSPA networks (68%) are configured to support at least 7.2 Mbps peak downlink data speeds, compared to just over half of HSPA networks one year ago.
39% of operators have deployed HSUPA for fast data uploading performance, compared to 29% in April 2010.
90 commercial HSPA+ networks support a peak downlink data speed of 21 Mbps using 64QAM modulation, delivering a typical user experience up to 8 Mbps (depending on device capability)
10 commercial HSPA+ networks support 28 Mbps utilizing MIMO technology.
23 commercial HSPA+ networks support 42 Mbps, which is achieved by combining 64QAM and doubling the bandwidth (DC-HSPA+).
GSA also notes that 5 operators have committed to the next HSPA Evolution step of 84 Mbps, which can be realized using a combination of DC-HSPA+ (64QAM) and MIMO. 84 Mbps systems and devices are expected to be commercially introduced within the next 12 months.
http://www.gsacom.com
NEC Selected for South-East Asia Japan Cable
Monday, April 11, 2011 Optical
The South-East Asia Japan Cable (SJC) consortium has commenced construction of a new undersea network that will link Brunei, China Mainland, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan, and Singapore, with options to extend to Indonesia and Thailand.
NEC and TE Subcom were awarded the supply contract for the new international submarine cable system. First announced in December 2009, the cable was initially planned to be 8,300 km in length, linking 5 countries / territories. SJC's length is now 8,900 km which could extend up to 10,700 km, linking up to 8 countries / territories while supporting an initial design capacity of over 15 Tbps.
The SJC consortium is composed of Brunei International Gateway Sendirian Berhad (BIG), China Mobile, China Telecommunications Corporation (China Telecom), China Telecom (Hong Kong) International Ltd. (CTHKI, an Affiliate of China Telecommunications Corporation), Donghwa Telecom Co., Ltd., Globe Telecom, Inc., Google SJC Bermuda Ltd. (a subsidiary of Google Inc.), KDDI Corporation, Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel), PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia International (Telin), Telemedia Pacific Inc. (TPI), and TOT Public Co., Ltd. (TOT).
The SJC system is expected to be ready for service in 2H-2013.
http://www.nec.co.jp
Cisco Drops its Flip Camcorder Business, Cuts 550 Jobs
Cisco will shut down its Flip consumer camcorder business and eliminate 550 jobs in the process. The move will result in restructuring charges to the company's GAAP financial results, with an aggregate pre-tax impact not expected to exceed $300 million during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2011. Cisco said it is taking the step to refocus its Home Networking business for greater profitability and connection to the company's core networking infrastructure products.
Additional restructuring steps include:
Integrate Cisco umi into the company's Business TelePresence product line and operate through an enterprise and service provider go-to-market model, consistent with existing business TelePresence efforts.
Assess core video technology integration of Cisco's Eos media solutions business or other market opportunities for this business.
"We are making key, targeted moves as we align operations in support of our network-centric platform strategy," said John Chambers, Cisco chairman and CEO. "As we move forward, our consumer efforts will focus on how we help our enterprise and service provider customers optimize and expand their offerings for consumers, and help ensure the network's ability to deliver on those offerings."http://www.cisco.com
In March 2009, Cisco agreed to pay $590 million in stock in exchange for all shares of Pure Digital Technologies, a San Francisco-based company behind the Flip Video consumer camcorder. At the time, Cisco said its strategy behind the acquisition was to build in the media-enabled home and "to capture the consumer market transition to visual networking."
IEEE Ratifies 40G Ethernet Optical Standard
Monday, April 11, 2011 StandardsWatch
The 40Gb/s Ethernet Single-mode fiber optical interface standard, IEEE 802.3bg-2011, has been ratified by the IEEE. The new standard enables 40 Gb/s serial Ethernet interfaces to be deployed on single-mode fiber. It is an amendment to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. The new standardized interface, called 40GBASE-FR, supports transmission up to 2km over single-mode fiber and can enable equipment to be configurable to interoperate with installed base of equipment conforming to existing telecom and ITU standards such as OC-768, OTU3, STM-256 or 40G Packet-over-SONET (POS).
The new standard builds upon last year's release of the IEEE 802.3ba-2010, IEEE's 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet standard.
The IEEE said this new 40GBASE-FR interface was a specific need identified by the telecom carrier network operators as a key factor in their ability to seamlessly transition from installed equipment to new equipment supporting 40 Gb/s Ethernet.
"The telecom carrier community is very keen to adopt Ethernet technologies but also needs to leverage its significant installed base of OTN, SONET, SDH or POS equipment. Once the need was determined, the IEEE was able to quickly gather forces and develop a standard to meet the technical requirements as well as the schedule needs of the user community," said Mark Nowell, Chair, IEEE 802.3bg Task Force, Senior Director Engineering, SP Routing Technology Group, Cisco. "The excellent cooperation between the IEEE and ITU standards bodies and members enabled us to develop and complete this IEEE Ethernet specification in record time for an optical interface. Completing in only 16 months from the original Call for Interest and 12 months from the project approval enables the industry to quickly respond to the growing need for Ethernet adoption in the carrier networks."http://www.ieee.org/http://standards.ieee.org
Germany's Carrier K-net Selects Orckit-Corrigent's Packet Transport
Monday, April 11, 2011 Germany, MPLS-TP, Packet Systems
K-net Telekommunikation Gmbh, a regional carrier based in southwest Germany, has deployed Orckit-Corrigent's MPLS based CM-4000 PTN switches and CM-View network management system, and 3M Services' support, to upgrade its transport networking infrastructure for the delivery of enterprise VPN and Carrier-of-Carrier applications.
Orckit-Corrigent's CM-4000 is a series of Packet Transport Network switches that offer a flexible mix of Ethernet and TDM services to facilitate the migration toward unified packet network. These switches are based on MPLS and MPLS-TP technologies and are designed to scale up the delivery of residential, business and mobile backhauling services in next-generation telecom networks.
Orckit-Corrigent has racked up four wins with European carriers over the past four months: EnviaTEL, VSE NET and Cegecom. Each of these carriers have also selected Orckit-Corrigent's PTN solutions and 3M Services' solutions to expand their networking infrastructure.
"K-net's decision once again highlights the market acceptance of Orckit-Corrigent's innovative solutions," said Mr. Manfred Brandt, Managing Director of 3M Services. "We are pleased that our partnership with Orckit-Corrigent allows us to increase our local customer base and we look forward to working together to supply K-Net with the greatest combination of technology and customer care."http://www.orckit.com http://www.k-net-gmbh.de
AT&T Employs Cotendo for Content Acceleration Service
AT&T is leveraging Cotendo's newly announced "Cloudlet" capabilities in its AT&T Content Acceleration suite for the faster delivery of dynamic content, such as social media and shopping cart data.
Specifically, AT&T is teaming with Cotendo to add their Search Engine Optimization and Cloudlet offerings to the AT&T Content Acceleration suite. This will push the business logic of dynamically generated web pages into the content acceleration cloud.
AccuWeather, which provides up to the minute weather reporting, is using the Cloudlet module of the AT&T Content Acceleration service to improve response times without buying and maintaining additional servers. Previously, users with GPS-enabled smartphones were tying up AccuWeather's whole network with very specific requests for weather data. AT&T said that with the addition of the Cloudlet module, requests for updated weather information can now be made within a larger local geographic area, eliminating the need to travel back to headquarters for the latest forecast. As a result, update requests to headquarters have declined by 75 percent, and AccuWeather is now providing near real-time response important to its users.
The Cloudlet module can make decisions on features such as geography, devices, and request routing. By teaming with Cotendo, AT&T is deploying this new Content Acceleration feature which enables new classes of capabilities, and applications to be delivered globally and controlled in real-time.
AT&T Content Acceleration also includes a monitoring service that offers detailed reporting and alerts for most major search engines. This technology helps business to access detailed information on potential troubles, and address them before they occur. The Search Engine Analytics module from Cotendo delivers crucial web site information, so issues that could impact a site's search engine visibility and rankings, and by extension its traffic and profitability can be pinpointed and corrected. Using this module allows the web sites to function with fewer glitches and faster content. Businesses using the AT&T Content Acceleration Search Engine Analytics module experience more clicks and higher conversion rate. As a result, customers have better experiences, which can increase loyalty to the site.
"The ability to deliver localized information that our customers need while not flooding our entire infrastructure was paramount to providing consumers with real-time access to weather-related news and updates," said Jon Porter, engineer and member of AccuWeather enterprise architecture team. "With the Cloudlet module of AT&T Content Acceleration service, our transaction times have improved, without forcing our company to buy and maintain more servers."
"Businesses are seeing an increasing need to deliver richer and more dynamic content to web customers," said Sam Farraj, Assistant Vice President of AT&T Digital Media Solutions. "Simultaneously, their customers are showing little or no tolerance for waiting to see that content delivered. By delivering content quickly and more targeted via the AT&T network, AT&T Content Acceleration is the perfect bridge between a company and its customers," he said.
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Presented by Ido Safruti, Cotendohttp://www.business.att.com/enterprise/Portfolio/content-delivery/http://www.cotendo.com
ADVA Releases New Carrier Ethernet Edge Gateway
Monday, April 11, 2011 Packet Systems
ADVA Optical Networking released its new Carrier Ethernet FSP 150EG-X edge gateway for mobile backhaul and Ethernet services. The FSP 150EG-X is a high-capacity, non-blocking edge gateway that provides a central aggregation solution, acts as a timing gateway for synchronization services and includes the termination of pseudowire services. ADVA is positioning the platform for service providers who need to scale their Carrier Ethernet backhaul offering to address larger applications, while providing a manageable, cost-effective platform that is optimized to deliver intelligent services.
The new product incorporates the company's "Etherjack" technology, which delivers advanced OAM functionality for a large number of monitored services. The platform also integrates the company's "Syncjack" gateway technology for timing distribution and delivery of SLA-based synchronization services for mobile backhaul applications.
The product can be deployed in combination with the company's FSP 150CC demarcation products for end-to-end Ethernet service management across the entire access and backhaul network. The complete solution is supported by the FSP Service Manager for seamless end-to-end provisioning and service-based network operations.
"Service providers need to deliver Ethernet services that meet or exceed the reliability and security of SONET/SDH," said Christoph Glingener, the company's Chief Technology Officer. "With our FSP 150EG-X, we have introduced a platform providing highest service availability, scalability and simplicity for open access, mobile backhaul and business Ethernet applications."http://www.advaoptical.com
Extreme Announces Preliminary Results
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Financial
Extreme Networks now expects revenue for its 2011 fiscal third quarter ended March 27, 2011 to be $75.5-76.5 million.
"The revenue for the quarter was impacted by the deferral of $2.6 million in product revenue for a large customer and the timing of several large and relatively complex customer transactions," said Oscar Rodriguez, President & CEO of Extreme Networks. "We expect to be able to complete our obligations under these deals in future quarters, which will represent additional revenue for Extreme Networks at that time. In addition, we have begun to execute on our stated strategic company transformation, and have announced new products and are consolidating our product portfolio to reduce expense and eliminate under-performing or obsolete products. As a result, we experienced some customer purchase decision delays, as we worked to transition our customers to new products and architectures. Other factors impacting this quarter's results were a relative slowdown in our EMEA sales and longer sales cycles for business in the U.S., and increased competitive pressures related to customers in the horizontal enterprise IT market."
Overall Asia Pacific performed well, and is expected to show double-digit revenue growth from Q3 FY10. EMEA is expected to show low single digit revenue growth from Q3 FY10. North America is expected to show a decrease in revenue from Q3 FY10. Overall, year-to-date revenue growth is expected to be 9% to 10% vs. the same period in FY2010. http://www.extremenetworks.com
Orange Business and Tata expand Telepresence
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Service Providers
Orange Business Services announced an interoperability agreement with Tata Communications to allow customers to conduct Telepresence meetings seamlessly on each respective network. The collaboration will provide customers of each organization with open access to connect across a much broader business ecosystem.
Meetings can take place between Orange's Telepresence Community customers and any private or public room on the Tata Communications Global Meeting Exchange, and vice versa. Tata Communications currently has the largest global network of public Telepresence rooms and is present in 31 major cities across five continents, with its 33 rooms spanning 17 countries.
http://www.orange.com
China Unicom Anhui Selects NSN's Energy Solutions
Sunday, April 10, 2011 China Unicom, Green
China Unicom's subsidiary in Anhui province will deploy Nokia Siemens Networks' Energy Solutions including cooling box and battery cooling cabinet to replace more costly air conditioning units. The solution can help lower average ambient temperatures to reduce the dependency on expensive air-conditioning reducing total power consumption.
Nokia Siemens Networks said its Energy Solutions provide a comprehensive approach to reduce energy consumption in telecom networks, which accounts for 86% of the total energy consumed by operators or 10%-30% of network operating expenditure. It helps operators achieve reduced energy bills while contributing positively to environmental sustainability and helps them meet their corporate social responsibility objectives.
http://www.nsn.com
thePlatform Integrates Microsoft's Smooth Streaming
Sunday, April 10, 2011 TTP
thePlatform, a leading white-label video management and publishing company, has integrated Microsoft's leading digital media technologies, including Microsoft PlayReady and Internet Information Services (IIS) Smooth Streaming. The companies said their integration enables premium video providers to deliver protected, high-definition (HD) Web video for both in-home and remote viewing experiences using the Microsoft streaming technology.
IIS Smooth Streaming is a form of dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP for delivering live and on-demand content that adjusts video quality automatically and scales massively on content distribution networks. It provides a high-quality viewing experience, which can lead to longer engagement times and makes possible the delivery of full HD 1080p media experiences.
thePlatform is also using Transform Manager, which is a server-side transformation engine built into IIS Media Services, to streamline production workflow for content companies by enabling solutions such as encoding once and simultaneously delivering multiple formats.
Comcast is the first company to combine Microsoft PlayReady and IIS Smooth Streaming technology with thePlatform's video management services. This is being done as part of Comcast's Xfinity TV service, which is available online through the company's popular Xfinity TV app. The technologies are integrated as part of the On Demand video streaming feature on the iPad.
http://www.microsoft.com
Zixi Raises $4 million for Online VOD Software
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Start-ups
Zixi, a start-up based in Waltham, MA, raised $4 million in new funding for its solutions for broadcast-quality HDTV globally over the cloud.
Zixi's software maximizes network bandwidth, minimizes startup delay and eliminates buffering, without sacrificing quality or altering business or operational processes. The company said its solution enables zero packet loss, split-second latency, a mere three to four percent overhead on available network bandwidth, 24/7 always-on performance, and rapid, scalable and carrier-grade deployments.
Broadcasters use Zixi to transmit video in Full-HD to multiple locations globally over the Internet. Internet video-on-demand services use Zixi to deliver instant, un-interrupted and best-quality HD videos to consumers' HDTVs, connected entertainment devices, mobile smart phones, tablets and PCs. Enterprises use Zixi to securely telecast collaborative HD video conferences to multiple locations worldwide in real-time with lower infrastructure costs.
The new funding was led by Boston-based private investment firm Schooner Capital . Industry veterans Sidney Topol, former chairman and CEO of Scientific Atlanta, and Maurice "Reese" Schonfeld, co-founder and first chief executive of CNN and the founder and former president of Food Network, invested alongside Schooner Capital.http://www.zixi.com
Level 3's Acquisition of Global Crossing Builds Scale
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Service Providers, Submarine Cable
Level 3 Communications will acquire Global Crossing in a stock-for-stock transaction valued at approximately $3.0 billion. Global Crossing shareholders will receive 16 shares of Level 3 common stock for each share of Global Crossing common stock or preferred stock that is owned at closing.
The combined company will operate fiber optic networks on three continents, connected by extensive undersea facilities. The combined network will serve a worldwide customer set with owned network in more than 50 countries and connections to more than 70 countries. The combined Level 3 + Global Crossing had pro forma combined 2010 revenues of $6.26 billion and pro forma combined 2010 Adjusted EBITDA of $1.27 billion before synergies and $1.57 billion after expected synergies. The customer profiles includes enterprise, government, wholesale, content, and web-based companies.
"This is a transformational combination that we believe will deliver significant value to the investors, customers and employees of both Level 3 and Global Crossing," said Jim Crowe, chief executive officer of Level 3. "The complementary fit between the two companies' networks, service portfolios and customers is compelling. By leveraging the respective strengths and extensive reach of both companies, we are creating a highly efficient and more extensive global platform that is well-positioned to meet the local and international needs of our customers."
Global Crossing's largest shareholder is Singapore Technologies Telemedia, which is supporting the merger.http://www.level3.com http://www.globalcrossing.comIn December 2003, Singapore Technologies Telemedia (ST Telemedia) consummated a strategic investment in Global Crossing, enabling a newly restructured Global Crossing to emerge from Chapter 11 proceedings. ST Telemedia invested $250 million in Global Crossing for a 61.5% equity share of the company. As a result of the bankruptcy process, Global Crossing's long-term debt and convertible preferred stock was reduced from roughly $11 billion at the end of 2001, including approximately $1 billion of Asia Global Crossing debt, to $200 million of debt post-emergence in December 2003.
Cortina Debuts 2nd Gen 40G OTN Processor
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Optical
Cortina Systems is now sampling its second generation 40G/10G optical transport processor family, CS604x, designed for transport and aggregation of data, voice, and video signals simultaneously over 10G, 40G, and 100G networks.
Cortina said its updated processor is aimed at the growing adoption of 40G Ethernet transport, as these trunks will require the cost-efficient aggregation of 10G connections. Recent OTN standards ratification for GMP mapping and ODU0 and OTN Switching will accelerate this trend. Cortina has integrated jitter attenuation and cleanup PLLS to help in a variety of applications, including packet optical transport platforms, DWDM transport systems, Carrier Ethernet switch/routers, and submarine line termination systems.
The new CS604x family retains pin for pin and software compatibility with the company's previous generation, CS600x, and adds support for latest OTN mapping standards, ODUFlex, and 40G Ethernet. It offers four additional 10G multi-rate serial interfaces for direct connection to QSFO and CFP 40G modules.
"Telecom equipment makers are looking for integrated solutions that reduce their BOM cost, board space, and power consumption, while supporting the latest standards and technologies enabling them to transport legacy and emerging packet-oriented services transparently," said Arun Zarabi, Vice President, Infrastructure Business Unit, Cortina. "The Cortina CS604x four jitter attenuation and cleanup PLLS provide significant savings to customers in both board space and cost in asynchronous demapping applications, when compared to external PLL based solutions needed with competitor products."
The Cortina CS604x Optical Transport Processor & FEC Devices integrate 40G Ethernet MAC enabling monitoring and mapping of 40GE clients to OTN, compliant with latest G.709 (Amendment 1 7/2010) & G.798 (10/2010) standards updates for GMP mapping of various bit rate clients into OTN, four integrated jitter attenuation and clean up PLLs, and additional 4x10G multi-rate (OTL/STL/XLAUI) serial interfaces enabling single chip/single card design for CFP/QFSP to CFP/300-pin MSA transponder applications.
As with the previous generation, these devices support standard and strong Forward Error Correction (FEC) at 10G & 40G rates, and provide performance monitoring and networking support for various client signals including 10GE LAN/WAN, Fibre Channel, Infiniband, and SONET/SDH with connectivity to XFP/SFP+ and SFI4.1 MSA modules. http://www.cortina-systems.com
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Eircom Deploys RAD Demarc Devices
Sunday, April 10, 2011 Ireland, Packet Systems
Eircom has deployed fiber demarcation devices from RAD Data Communications to deliver symmetric Ethernet services to businesses across Ireland at speeds up to 1 Gbps.
RAD's ETX-202A is a fully featured demarcation device that provides transport demarcation to Layer 3 business services such as IP VPN, VoIP and dedicated Internet access over native Ethernet access with high reliability and management. Similarly, RAD's Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) solution, the LA-210 DSL termination unit, will be rolled out across the eircom network later in the year to provide a copper-based solution for symmetric Ethernet delivery where fiber is not available or practical.
The RAD equipment is being supplied by The Kenton Group, a RAD Data Communications partner in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.http://www.rad.com
Altair Raises $26 Million for its LTE Silicon
Altair Semiconductor, a start-up based in Israel, has completed a $26 million round of funding for its ultra-low power, small footprint and high performance LTE chipsets.
Over the last year, Altair launched the first commercial LTE product in Poland, the world's first Band 12 LTE solution and the first Digital Dividend LTE router in Germany. The company has completed interoperability testing with numerous tier-one infrastructure vendors around the world, and with an LTE platform that is one of the world's only solutions that offers both TDD and FDD capabilities.
The new funding was led by Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP). All of Altair's existing investors, including BRM, Bessemer Venture Partners, Giza Venture Capital and Pacific Technology participated in the round.
"As we rapidly expand our footprint in LTE markets around the world, this capital will allow us to continue to provide our customers with the support they need to deploy and commercialize our technology," said Oded Melamed, Co-Founder and CEO of Altair. "As the global LTE market is expected to grow exponentially over the next few years, the funding will help Altair expand our current market leadership position, as well as step up the production of our chipsets in response to the increasing demand from our customers."http://www.altair-semi.com/
In February, Altair Semiconductor announced that its TD-LTE chipset, alongside Alcatel-Lucent's LTE infrastructure, has successfully completed interoperability (IOT) testing and will take part in several upcoming TD-LTE field trials in India and China. TD-LTE operates in unpaired spectrum.


Entrepreneurship Policy in Latin America: Are Science and Technology Innovation Overemphasized?
This research will examine the literature, the context, and current policies intended to enhance entrepreneurship in Latin America. It will draw on examples from across the region, focusing on Chile in particular. It will also examine the strong emphasis on science and technology innovation in certain countries in Latin America. Because this is currently one of the primary features of entrepreneurship policy in the region, it is worth exploring the implications this trend has for development in Latin America and the impact it is having on the entrepreneurship policy goals of increasing productivity, resilience, and inclusive growth. The results of this analysis are concerning. By narrowly defining innovation, officials may be encouraging the development of enclave economies of limited benefit and diverting resources away from more inclusive policies. On the other hand, if aligned more closely with local business realities and needs, innovation policies could lead to inclusive and sustainable growth. It will conclude with specific policy recommendations that, with contextual adaptations, can be applied to enrich the environment for entrepreneurship across the region.
Hanna, Faith Emily, "Entrepreneurship Policy in Latin America: Are Science and Technology Innovation Overemphasized?" (2014). CMC Senior Theses. 896.


The United Cerebral Palsy project on Manhattan's Upper West Side was an exciting renovation project involving several phases of construction. The seven-story, 1912 building is a multi-tenant, 7 story office space with parking below. CM Richey was chosen as a trade project manager to provide pre-construction design & assistance services with electrical infrastructure. The complexity of the project included replacing and decommissioning the existing Con Edison service while keeping the building operational. An LED lighting package was specified for the 70,000 sf tenant fit-out portion of the project along with new common area power, egress, and general lighting. This also included replacing the fire alarm infrastructure with a new 2-way voice communication system.


Step 1:- Login to your KVPY 2018 application form.
Step 2:- Click on "Admit Card" tab.
Step 3:- Select "Assessment" from the drop down.
Step 4:- Click on "Search" button.
Step 5:- Click on "Download" button to download your admit card.


text:
Renovation Challenges Involving the Question of Whether a Tenant Must VacatePage last modified: July 08 2021
Print Version (PDF) Sign In|Sign Up Home / Landlord Tenant / Tenant Concerns / Renovictions
Can a Landlord Make a Tenant Move Out for Renovation Work?
Generally, a Tenant Can Stay During a Renovation Unless the Work Is Enough to Need a Building Permit.
Understanding What May Be An Unlawful Renoviction Versus a Legal Eviction For Renovation
Imagine the situation where a landlord learns that the rental complex requires renovations to meet the Building Code Act, 1992, S.O. 1992, Chapter 23; however, the units are currently rented. What can the landlord do? Firstly, the landlord must appreciate the statutory rights of the tenants; whereas, in general, tenants have the right to resume living in the building following completion of the renovations and the landlord is unable to increase the rent as a result of the renovations (unless granted permission from the Landlord Tenant Board). To assist in the right to reoccupy process, tenants must give written notice of an intention to reoccupy the unit following the renovations and must also provide written notice of an intended temporary address.
How Extensive Is the Renovation?
The intended repair and renovation work must be significant as it must be a sufficient enough renovation as to displace the tenants while the work takes place. On this point, in the matter of [Landlord] v. [Tenant], 2011 CanLII 101419 (ON LTB), the renovations were found as without the significance necessary to require the tenants to vacate the premises whereas the intended renovation was without need of a building permit and thereby deemed insignificant.
In this situation, the landlord was previously ordered by a building inspector to carry out several changes to the house, which was rented, including removing walls, kitchens, and laundry areas. Of the three units, two units were already vacant and much of the repairs to those units were already complete. However, in the third unit, the tenants fought to stay. The matter was brought to the Landlord Tenant Board and the legal issue for adjudication was whether the landlord required vacant possession in order to complete the work; essentially, whether the tenants needed to leave while the renovation work was performed.
The renovation work that remained outstanding, being for the remaining third unit, included sealing an entrance, constructing a balcony, and building a closet. The legal test that the Landlord Tenant Board adjudicator applied is found in section 50(1) of the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, Chapter 17, which states:
Residential Tenancies Act, 2006,S.O. 2006, Chapter 17 at section 50(1)
50 (1) A landlord may give notice of termination of a tenancy if the landlord requires possession of the rental unit in order to,
(a) demolish it;
(b) convert it to use for a purpose other than residential premises; or
(c) do repairs or renovations to it that are so extensive that they require a building permit and vacant possession of the rental unit.
In the [Landlord] v. [Tenant] matter as above, both (a) and (b) were irrelevant. The adjudicator at the Landlord Tenant Board focused on (c) which requires that a building permit be required to do the work at issue and therefore that the work is significant enough that vacant possession is required. It was already known that repairs and renovations were necessary whereas the landlord was ordered to carry such repairs and renovations by the local building inspector; however, what still needed determination was whether vacant possession, meaning displacement of the tenants, was necessary to enable the repairs and renovations.
Within the testimony of the landlord, the landlord cited concerns of noise, dust, and safety hazards for the tenants; however, the landlord failed to adequately persuade the Landlord Tenant Board adjudicator that such were significant concerns whereas the landlord testified that the repairs were relatively minor in nature and the landlord also failed to provide any evidence (eg. a general contractor testifying) to support the viewpoint. Furthermore, the landlord indicated to the Landlord Tenant Board that the landlord wished to increase the rent following the renovations; and accordingly, the Landlord Tenant Board adjudicator remarked that, "This evidence does not establish that vacant possession is necessary for the renovations to be completed as much as it indicates that the Landlords have an ulterior motive for wanting the Tenants to leave."
Ultimately, the adjudicator determined that the landlord lacked the need of vacant possession because the required renovation work was relatively minor in nature and the tenants were willing to accept the anticipated disturbances.
The term renoviction suggests that renovation work was used as an excuse to evict a tenant without providing the tenant with notice of an option to return following completion of the renovation work.
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text:
using MasterDevs.ChromeDevTools;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MasterDevs.ChromeDevTools.Protocol.iOS.Worker
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Tells whether browser supports workers inspection.
	/// </summary>
	[Command(ProtocolName.Worker.CanInspectWorkers)]
	[SupportedBy("iOS")]
	public class CanInspectWorkersCommand: ICommand<CanInspectWorkersCommandResponse>
	{
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub