text:
Sneha Home
Sneha Girap (Editor)
I Love to read n write about Things that I find Interesting
Brian Boru
Updated on Apr 27, 2018
Reign 1002 – 1014
Name Brian Boru
Predecessor Mael Muad mac Brain
Reign 978 – 1014
Siblings Mathgamain mac Cennetig
Predecessor Mael Sechnaill mac Domnaill
Successor Mael Sechnaill mac Domnaill (restored)
Successor Dungal mac Maelfothartaig Hua Donnchada
Role Former High King of Ireland
Died April 23, 1014, Clontarf, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
Parents Cennetig mac Lorcain, Be Binn inion Urchadh
Children Donnchad mac Briain, Tadc mac Briain
Similar People Sigtrygg Silkbeard, Niall of the Nine Hostages, Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, Mael Sechnaill mac Mael
Full name Brian Boruma mac Cennetig
The life of brian boru high king of ireland 941 1014 part 1
Brian Boru (Old Irish: Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig; Middle Irish: Brian Bóruma; modern Irish: Brian Bóramha; c. 941 – 23 April 1014) was an Irish king who ended the domination of the High Kingship of Ireland by the Uí Néill. Building on the achievements of his father, Cennétig mac Lorcain, and especially his elder brother, Mathgamain, Brian first made himself King of Munster, then subjugated Leinster, eventually becoming King of Ireland. He was the founder of the O'Brien dynasty.
Brian boru s march zenitin
Early life and background
Situation of his tribe, the Dál gCais
Reign of his brother, Mathgamain
Extending authority
The struggle for Ireland
High King
Battle of Clontarf
Historical view
Wives and children
With a population of under 500,000 people, Ireland had over 150 kings, with greater or lesser domains. The Uí Néill king Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, abandoned by his northern kinsmen of the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill, acknowledged Brian as High King at Athlone in 1002. In the decade that followed, Brian campaigned against the northern Uí Néill, who refused to accept his claims, against Leinster, where resistance was frequent, and against the Norse-Gaelic Kingdom of Dublin.
Brian's hard-won authority was seriously challenged in 1013 when his ally Máel Sechnaill was attacked by the Cenél nEógain king Flaithbertach Ua Néill, with the Ulstermen as his allies. This was followed by further attacks on Máel Sechnaill by the Dubliners under their king Sihtric Silkbeard and the Leinstermen led by Máel Mórda mac Murchada. Brian campaigned against these enemies in 1013. In 1014, Brian's armies confronted the armies of Leinster and Dublin, with Norsemen fighting on both sides, at Clontarf near Dublin on Good Friday. The resulting Battle of Clontarf was a bloody affair, with Brian, his son Murchad, and Máel Mórda among those killed. The list of the noble dead in the Annals of Ulster includes Irish kings, Norse Gaels, Scotsmen, and Scandinavians.
The immediate beneficiary of the slaughter was Máel Sechnaill, who resumed his interrupted reign. The Norse-Gaels and Scandinavians also produced works mentioning Brian, including Njal's Saga, the Orkneyinga Saga, and the now-lost Brian's Saga. Brian's war against Máel Mórda and Sihtric was to be inextricably connected with his complicated marital relations, in particular his marriage to Gormlaith, Máel Mórda's sister and Sihtric's mother, who had been in turn the wife of Amlaíb Cuarán, king of Dublin and York, then of Máel Sechnaill, and finally of Brian.
Many Irish annals state that Brian was in his 88th year when he fell in the Battle of Clontarf in 1014. If true, this would mean that he was born as early as 926 or 927. Other birth dates given in retrospect are 923 or 942.
He was one of the 12 sons of Cennétig mac Lorcáin (d. 951), king of Dál gCais and king of Tuadmumu (Thomond), modern County Clare, then a sub-kingdom in the north of Munster. Cennétig was described as rígdamna Caisil, meaning that he was either heir or candidate ("king material") to the kingship of Cashel or Munster, although this might be a later interpolation. Brian's mother was Bé Binn inion Urchadh, daughter of Urchadh mac Murchadh (d. 945), king of Maigh Seóla in west Connacht. That they belonged to the Uí Briúin Seóla may explain why he received the name Brian, which was rare among the Dál gCais.
Brian was born at Kincora, Killaloe, a town in the region of Tuadmumu. Brian's posthumous cognomen "Bóruma" (anglicised as Boru) may have referred to "Béal Bóruma", a fort north of Killaloe, where the Dál gCais held sway. Another explanation, though possibly a late (re-)interpretation, is that the nickname represented Old Irish bóruma "of the cattle tribute", referring to his capacity as a powerful overlord.
When their father died, the kingship of Tuadmumu passed to Brian's older brother, Mathgamain, and, when Mathgamain was killed in 976, Brian replaced him. Subsequently, he became the king of the entire kingdom of Munster.
Brian belonged to the Dál gCais (or Dalcassians), a newly styled kin group of ultimately Déisi origin who occupied a territory north of the Shannon Estuary, which today would incorporate a substantial part of County Clare and then formed the core of the new kingdom of Thomond. In earlier times their ancestors had controlled some lands in today's County Limerick as well, but these had been overrun by the Uí Fidgenti from the 9th century and the invading Norse in the 10th.
The River Shannon served as an easy route by which raids could be made against the provinces of Connacht and Meath. Both Brian's father, Cennétig mac Lorcáin and his older brother Mathgamain conducted river-borne raids, in which the young Brian would undoubtedly have participated. This was probably the root of his appreciation for naval forces in his later career. Thus an important influence upon the Dalcassians was the presence of the Hiberno-Norse city of Limerick on an isthmus around which the Shannon River winds (known today as King's Island or the Island Field). The Norse had made many a raid themselves from the Shannon, and the Dalcassians likely benefited from some interaction with them, from which they would have been exposed to innovations such as superior weapons and ship design, all factors that may have contributed to their growing power.
In 964, Brian's older brother, Mathgamain, claimed control over the entire province of Munster by capturing the Rock of Cashel, capital of the ancient Eóganachta, the hereditary overlords or High Kings of Munster, but who in dynastic strife and with multiple assassinations had weakened themselves to the point they were now impotent. Earlier attacks from both the Uí Néill and Vikings were also factors. This situation allowed the illegitimate (from the Eóganacht perspective) but militarized Dál Cais to attempt to seize the provincial kingship. Mathgamain was never fully recognized and was opposed throughout his career in the 960s and 970s by Máel Muad mac Brain, a semi-outsider from the Cashel perspective but still a legitimate Eóganacht claimant from far south Munster.
In addition to Máel Muad, the Norse king Ivar of Limerick was a threat and may have been attempting to establish some overlordship in the province or a region of it himself, with the Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib even asserting he actually achieved this until routed by Mathgamain in the celebrated Battle of Sulcoit in 967. This victory was not decisive and eventually there grew up a brief alliance of sorts between Mathgamain, Máel Muad and others to drive the Norse "soldiers" or "officials" out of Munster and destroy their Limerick fortress in 972. The two Gaelic claimants were soon back to fighting and the fortuitous capture of Mathgamain in 976 by Donnubán mac Cathail allowed him to be effortlessly dispatched or murdered by Máel Muad, who would now rule as king of Cashel for two years.
The Dál Cais remained a powerful force and Brian quickly proved to be as fine a commander of armies as his brother. After first dispatching the already much weakened Ivar in 977, he challenged Máel Muad in 978 and defeated him in the fateful Battle of Belach Lechta, after which all the Eóganachta were no longer viable at the provincial level and Brian and the Dál Cais now enjoyed the overlordship, although not the traditional kingship of the province, which was based on lineage. Either soon before or soon after his victory over Máel Muad, Brian routed Donnubán and the remainder of the Norse army in the Battle of Cathair Cuan, there probably slaying the last of Ivar's sons and successor Aralt. He then allowed some of the Norse to remain in their settlement, but they were wealthy and now central to trade in the region, with a fleet of great value.
Cian, the son of his brother Mathgamain's sworn enemy Máel Muad, later became a loyal ally of Brian and served under him in a number of campaigns.
Having established unchallenged rule over his home Province of Munster, Brian turned to extending his authority over the neighboring provinces of Leinster to the east and Connacht to the north. By doing so, he came into conflict with High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill whose power base was the Province of Meath.
For the next fifteen years, from 982 to 997, High King Máel Sechnaill repeatedly led armies into Leinster and Munster, while Brian, like his father and brother before him, led his naval forces up the Shannon to attack Connacht and Meath on either side of the river. He suffered quite a few reverses in this struggle, but appears to have learned from his setbacks. He developed a military strategy that would serve him well throughout his career: the coordinated use of forces on both land and water, including on rivers and along Ireland's coast. Brian's naval forces, which included contingents supplied by the Hiberno-Norse cities that he brought under his control, provided both indirect and direct support for his forces on land. Indirect support involved a fleet making a diversionary attack on an enemy in a location far away from where Brian planned to strike with his army. Direct support involved naval forces acting as one arm in a strategic pincer, the army forming the other arm.
In 996 Brian finally managed to control the province of Leinster, which may have been what led Máel Sechnaill to reach a compromise with him in the following year. By recognising Brian's authority over Leth Moga, that is, the Southern Half, which included the Provinces of Munster and Leinster (and the Hiberno-Norse cities within them), Máel Sechnaill was simply accepting the reality that confronted him and retained control over Leth Cuinn, that is, the Northern Half, which consisted of the Provinces of Meath, Connacht, and Ulster.
Precisely because he had submitted to Brian's authority, the King of Leinster was overthrown in 998 and replaced by Máel Mórda mac Murchada. Given the circumstances under which Máel Mórda had been appointed, it is not surprising that he launched an open rebellion against Brian's authority.
In response, Brian assembled the forces of the Province of Munster with the intention of laying siege to the Hiberno-Norse city of Dublin, which was ruled by Máel Mórda's ally and cousin, Sigtrygg Silkbeard. Together Máel Mórda and Sigtrygg determined to meet Brian's army in battle rather than risk a siege. Thus, in 999, the opposing armies fought the Battle of Glenmama. The Irish annals all agree that this was a particularly fierce and bloody engagement, although claims that it lasted from morning until midnight, or that the combined Leinster-Dublin force lost 4,000 killed are open to question. In any case, Brian followed up his victory, as he and his brother had in the aftermath of the Battle of Sulcoit thirty-two years before, by capturing and sacking the enemy's city.
Once again Brian opted for reconciliation; he requested Sigtrygg to return and resume his position as ruler of Dublin, giving Sigtrygg the hand of one of his daughters in marriage, just as he had with the Eoganacht King, Cian. It may have been on this occasion that Brian married Sigtrygg's mother and Máel Mórda's sister Gormflaith, the former wife of Máel Sechnaill.
Brian made it clear that his ambitions had not been satisfied by the compromise of 997 when, in the year 1000, he led a combined Munster-Leinster-Dublin army in an attack on High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill's home province of Meath. The struggle over who would control all of Ireland was renewed. Máel Sechnaill's most important ally was the King of Connacht, Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg (O'Connor), but this presented a number of problems. The provinces of Meath and Connacht were separated by the Shannon River, which served as both a route by which Brian's naval forces could attack the shores of either province and as a barrier to the two rulers providing mutual support for each other. Máel Sechnaill came up with an ingenious solution; two bridges would be erected across the Shannon. These bridges would serve as both obstacles preventing Brian's fleet from traveling up the Shannon and a means by which the armies of the provinces of Meath and Connacht could cross over into each other's kingdoms.
The Annals state that, in the year 1002, Máel Sechnaill surrendered his title to Brian, although they do not say anything about how or why this came about. The Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh provides a story in which Brian challenges High King Máel Sechnaill to a battle at the Hill of Tara in the province of Meath, but the High King requests a month-long truce so that he can mobilise his forces, which Brian grants him. Máel Sechnaill fails to rally the regional rulers who are nominally his subordinates by the time the deadline arrives, and he is forced to surrender his title to Brian.
There have been some doubts expressed about this explanation, given Brian's style of engaging in war; if he had found his opponent at a disadvantage it is most likely he would have taken full advantage of it rather than allowing his enemy the time to even the odds. Also, given the length and intensity of the struggle between Máel Sechnaill and Brian, it seems unlikely that the High King would surrender his title without a fight. It is generally accepted that in 1002 Brian became the new High King of Ireland.
Unlike some who had previously held the title, Brian intended to be High King in more than name. To accomplish this he needed to impose his will upon the regional rulers of the only province that did not already recognise his authority, Ulster.
Ulster's geography presented a formidable challenge. There were three main routes by which an invading army could enter the province, and all three favoured the defenders. Brian first had to find a means of getting through or around these defensive 'choke points', and then he had to subdue the fiercely independent regional Kings of Ulster. It took Brian ten years of campaigning to achieve his goal, which, considering that he could and did call on all of the military forces of the rest of Ireland, indicates how formidable the Kings of Ulster were. Once again, it was his coordinated use of forces on land and at sea that allowed him to triumph; while the rulers of Ulster could bring the advance of Brian's army to a halt, they could not prevent his fleet from attacking the shores of their kingdoms. Once Brian entered the province of Ulster, he systematically defeated each of the regional rulers who defied him, forcing them to recognise him as their overlord.
It was during this process that Brian pursued an alternative means of consolidating his control, not merely over the province of Ulster, but over Ireland as a whole. In contrast to its structure elsewhere, the Church in Ireland was centred, not around the bishops of dioceses and archbishops of archdioceses, but rather around monasteries headed by powerful abbots who were members of the royal dynasties of the lands in which their monasteries resided. Among the most important monasteries was Armagh, located in the Province of Ulster.
Brian's advisor, Maelsuthain O'Carroll, documented in the 'Book of Armagh' that, in the year 1005, Brian donated 22 ounces of gold to this monastery and declared that Armagh was the religious capital of Ireland, to which all other monasteries should send the funds they collected. This was a clever move, for the supremacy of the monastery of Armagh would last only so long as Brian remained the High King. Therefore, it was in the interest of Armagh to support Brian with all their wealth and power.
It is interesting that Brian is not referred to in the passage from the 'Book of Armagh' as the 'Ard Rí' —that is, High-King— but rather he is declared "Imperator Scottorum," or "Emperor of the Scots."
Though it is only speculation, it has been suggested that Brian and the Church in Ireland were together seeking to establish a new form of kingship in Ireland, one that was modelled after the kingships of England and France, in which there were no lesser ranks of regional kings – simply one king who had (or sought to have) power over all in a unitary state. In any case, whether as High King or Emperor, by 1011 all of the regional rulers in Ireland acknowledged Brian's authority. No sooner had this been achieved than it was lost again.
Máel Mórda mac Murchada of Leinster had only accepted Brian's authority grudgingly, and in 1012 he rose in rebellion. The Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh relates a story in which one of Brian's sons insults Máel Mórda, which leads him to declare his independence from Brian's authority. Whatever the actual reason was, Máel Mórda sought allies with which to defy the High-King. He found one in a regional ruler in Ulster who had only recently submitted to Brian. Together they attacked the province of Meath, where the former High King Máel Sechnaill sought Brian's help to defend his kingdom.
In 1013 Brian led a force from his own province of Munster and from southern Connacht into Leinster; a detachment under his son Murchad ravaged the southern half of the province of Leinster for three months. The forces under Murchad and Brian were reunited on 9 September outside the walls of Dublin. The city was blockaded, but it was the High King's army that ran out of supplies first, so that Brian was forced to abandon the siege and return to Munster around Christmas.
Máel Mórda was aware that the High King would return to Dublin in 1014 to try once more to defeat him. He may have hoped that by defying Brian, he could enlist the aid of all the other regional rulers. If so, he was sorely disappointed. The province of Ulster and most of the province of Connacht failed to support either side of the conflict, with the exception of a single ruler in Ulster who sent troops to Máel Mórda. His inability to obtain troops from any rulers in Ireland, may explain why Máel Mórda sought support from rulers outside Ireland. He instructed his subordinate and cousin, Sigtrygg, the ruler of Dublin, to travel overseas to enlist aid.
Sigtrygg sailed to Orkney, and on his return stopped at the Isle of Man. These islands had been occupied by the Vikings long before and the Hiberno-Norse had close ties with Orkney and the Isle of Man. There was even a precedent for employing Norsemen from the isles; they had been used by Sigtrygg's father, Amlaíb Cuarán, in 980, and by Sigtrygg himself in 990. Their incentive was loot, not land.
Contrary to the assertions made in the Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh, this was not an attempt by the Vikings to reconquer Ireland. All of the Norsemen, both the Norse-Gaels of Dublin and the Norsemen from the Isles, were in the service of Máel Mórda. The High King had 'Vikings' in his army as well: the Hiberno-Norse of Limerick and probably those of Waterford, Wexford, and Cork as well. Some sources include a rival gang of Norse mercenaries from the Isle of Man. Essentially this conflict was an Irish civil war with minor foreign participation.
Along with whatever troops he obtained from abroad, Brian mustered troops from his home province of Munster, southern Connacht, and the province of Meath, commanded by his old rival Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill. Brian's army may have outnumbered Máel Mórda's, since Brian felt secure enough to dispatch a mounted detachment under the command of his youngest son, Donnchad, to raid southern Leinster, presumably hoping to force Máel Mórda to release his contingents from there to return to defend their homes.
A disagreement with the King of Meath resulted in Máel Sechnaill withdrawing his support. Brian sent a messenger to find Donnchad and ask him to return with his detachment, but the call for help came too late. To compound Brian's problems, the Norse contingents, led by Sigurd Hlodvirsson, Earl of Orkney and Brodir of the Isle of Man, arrived on Palm Sunday, 18 April. The battle occurred five days later, on Good Friday, 23 April 1014 (898 years before the planned date of the Easter Rising in 1916) just north of the city of Dublin, at Clontarf.
All of the accounts state that the Battle of Clontarf lasted all day. This may be an exaggeration, or it may suggest a long-drawn-out fight.
There are many accounts of how Brian was killed, from dying in heroic man-to-man combat to being killed by the fleeing Viking mercenary Brodir while praying in his tent at Clontarf. After his death, his body was taken to Swords, Co. Dublin for the wake and then to Armagh to be buried. His tomb is said to be in the north wall of St Patrick's Cathedral in the city of Armagh.
The popular image of Brian—the ruler who managed to unify the regional leaders of Ireland so as to free the land from a 'Danish' (Viking) occupation—originates from the powerful influence of a 12th-century book, Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh (The War of the Irish with the Foreigners) in which Brian takes the leading role. This work is thought to have been commissioned by Brian's great-grandson Muirchertach Ua Briain as a means of justifying the Ua Briain claim to the High-Kingship, a title upon which the Uí Neill had had a near-monopoly. Recent research has suggested that it might have been commissioned by Muirchertach's contemporary and cousin, Brian Glinne Maidhir, or at least someone favourable to the line descended from Brian's son, Donnchad.
The influence of this book on both scholarly and popular authors cannot be exaggerated. Until the 1970s most scholarly writing concerning the Vikings' activities in Ireland, as well as the career of Brian Boru, accepted the claims of Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh at face value.
Brian did not free Ireland from a Norse (Viking) occupation, simply because it was never conquered by the Vikings. In the last decade of the 8th century, Norse raiders began attacking targets in Ireland and, beginning in the mid-9th century, these raiders established the fortified camps that later grew into Ireland's first cities: Dublin, Limerick, Waterford, Wexford, and Cork. Within only a few generations, the Norse citizens of these cities had converted to Christianity, intermarried with the Irish, and often adopted the Irish language, dress and customs, thus becoming what historians refer to as the Hiberno-Norse.
Such Hiberno-Norse cities were fully integrated into the political scene in Ireland long before the birth of Brian. They often suffered attacks from Irish rulers, and made alliances with others. Rather than conquering Ireland, the Vikings, who initially attacked and subsequently settled in Ireland, were, in fact, assimilated by the Irish.
Brian's first wife was Mór, daughter of the King of Uí Fiachrach Aidne of Connacht. She is said to have been the mother of his sons Murchad, Conchobar and Flann. Later genealogies claimed that these sons left no descendants, although in fact Murchad's son Tadc is recorded as being killed at Clontarf along with his father and grandfather.
Another wife, Echrad, was a daughter of Carlus mac Ailella, King of Uí Áeda Odba, an obscure branch of the southern Uí Néill. She was the mother of Brian's son Tadc, whose son Toirdelbach and grandson Muirchertach rivalled Brian in power and fame.
Brian's most famous marriage was with Gormflaith, sister of Máel Mórda of Leinster. Donnchad, who had his half-brother Tadc killed in 1023 and ruled Munster for 40 years thereafter, was the result of this union.
Brian had a sixth son, Domnall. Although he predeceased his father, Domnall apparently had at least one surviving child, a son whose name is not recorded. Domnall may perhaps have been the son of Brian's fourth known wife, Dub Choblaig, who died in 1009. She was a daughter of King Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg of Connacht.
Brian had at least three daughters, but their mothers are not recorded. Sadb, whose death in 1048 is recorded by the Annals of Innisfallen, was married to Cian, son of Máel Muad mac Brain. Bé Binn was married to the northern Uí Néill king Flaithbertach Ua Néill. A third daughter, Sláine, was married to Brian's stepson Sihtric of Dublin.
According to Njal's Saga, he had a foster-son named Kerthialfad.
The descendants of Brian were known as the Uí Briain (O'Brien) clan, hence the surnames Ó Briain, O'Brien, O'Brian etc. "O" was originally Ó which in turn came from Ua, which means "grandson", or "descendant" (of a named person). The prefix is often anglicised to O', using an apostrophe instead of the Irish síneadh fada: "´". The O'Briens subsequently ranked as one of the chief dynastic families of the country (see Chiefs of the Name).
Brian's third great-granddaughter was Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd (c. 1097 – 1136), Princess consort of Deheubarth in Wales, leader of the "patriotic revolt" and battle that contributed to the Great Revolt of 1136.
The play Brian (1888) by Irish-American composer and dramatist Paul McSwiney depicts Brian Boru's life-story.
Finnegans Wake (1939), by James Joyce, makes multiple references to Brian Boru and Clontarf, in neologisms typical of that book ("clontarfminded") and obscure references (e.g. "as true as the Vernons have Brian's sword"--McHugh points out that the Vernons, an Italian family, had an ancient sword said to be Brian Boru's).
In the 1949 novel Silverlock by John Myers Myers, the death of Brian Boru is described from the main character's viewpoint.
Morgan Llywelyn has written a novelization of Brian's life called Lion of Ireland (1980). The sequel, Pride of Lions (1996), tells the story of his sons, Donough and Teigue, as they vie for his crown.
Donal O'Neill's Sons of Death (1988), a historical novel about Brian Boru, is told from the point of view of MelPatrick, a young nobleman at Brian's court. It uses the fictional device of the long-lost Brjánssaga as its source. It is the third in a series based on Irish history, beginning c. 800 BC (vol. 1, Crucible; vol. 2 Of Gods and Men).
Edward Rutherfurd affords Brian Boru a chapter in his historical fiction The Princes of Ireland: The Dublin Saga (2004). His version supports the contention that Brian died while praying in his tent.
The story of Brian Boru's final battle and death is told in Frank Delaney's novel Ireland (2005).
The second volume of Brian Wood's Vertigo graphic novel series Northlanders (2007–2012) is set against a backdrop of Viking "occupation" of Ireland, including the Battle of Clontarf.
His name is remembered in the title of one of the oldest tunes in Ireland's traditional repertoire: "Brian Boru's March". It is still widely played by traditional Irish musicians.
He was the subject of at least two operas: Brian Boroihme (1810) by Johann Bernhard Logier (1777–1846) and Brian Boru (1896) by Julian Edwards (1855–1910).
His burial in St Patrick's Cathedral is referenced in the song "Boys from the County Armagh" by Thomas P. Keenan (1866–1927).
In the Disney film Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1959), King Brian Conners of the Leprechauns shows Darby the sword Brian Boru used to drive out the Danes (Vikings).
The character of Miles O'Brien in the science fiction television show Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993–1999) says that he is a direct descendant of Brian Boru in the fourth season episode "Bar Association".
In an episode of the TV series Relic Hunter (1999–2002) a search is made for the missing crown of "the last king of Ireland", Brian Boru.
Top class racehorse Brian Boru was named in honour of the high king. The horse won two Group 1 races, the Racing Post Trophy as a two-year old and the St Leger as a three-year old.
Many Gaelic Athletic Association clubs have been named after Brian Boru.
Professional wrestler Sheamus has referenced Brian several times while cutting promos as part of his character, King Sheamus.
The exhumation of Brian Boru's remains were the subject of a 'learned' article on 1 April 2014 - a well-constructed April Fools' Day hoax.
Brian Boru Wikipedia
Niall of the Nine Hostages
Sigtrygg Silkbeard
Brian Boru bagpipes


YORK COUNTY, PA (WPMT) A fast moving fire destroys several big tractor trailer cabs in York County. It happened at about 7:30 in the parking lot of Wright Express Service in the 1500 block of Robin Hood Drive in Newberry Township.
The business is in bankruptcy proceedings. The parked trucks were being inspected in preparation for an upcoming auction. One of the idling trucks overheated and caught fire. The fire spread to three other trucks parked close by. Three of the rigs were destroyed and one damaged before the fire was brought under control.
There were no injuries. The fire was ruled accidental.
They're going to bring in much less at the auction now.
Wow… That supposed to be funny?!


text:
80 Days From October 13 2023
What is 80 days from October 13 2023? Our calculator will show you the date that is exactly 80 days from 10/13/23 without counting.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2
- 80 days from October 13, 2023 is Monday, January 1, 2024.
- It is the 1th day in the 01th week of the year.
- There are 31 days in Jan, 2024.
- Print a January 2024 Calendar Template.
What is the date 80 Weekdays from October 13 2023?
- 80 weekdays from today would be Friday, February 2, 2024.
20 days from 1/1/24 is Sun, Jan 21, 2024.
30 days from 1/1/24 is Wed, Jan 31, 2024.
40 days from 1/1/24 is Sat, Feb 10, 2024.
45 days from 1/1/24 is Thu, Feb 15, 2024.
50 days from 1/1/24 is Tue, Feb 20, 2024.
60 days from 1/1/24 is Fri, Mar 1, 2024.
70 days from 1/1/24 is Mon, Mar 11, 2024.
80 days from 1/1/24 is Thu, Mar 21, 2024.
90 days from 1/1/24 is Sun, Mar 31, 2024.
100 days from 1/1/24 is Wed, Apr 10, 2024.
120 days from 1/1/24 is Tue, Apr 30, 2024.
130 days from 1/1/24 is Fri, May 10, 2024.
140 days from 1/1/24 is Mon, May 20, 2024.
150 days from 1/1/24 is Thu, May 30, 2024.
160 days from 1/1/24 is Sun, Jun 9, 2024.
170 days from 1/1/24 is Wed, Jun 19, 2024.
180 days from 1/1/24 is Sat, Jun 29, 2024.
190 days from 1/1/24 is Tue, Jul 9, 2024.
200 days from 1/1/24 is Fri, Jul 19, 2024.
20 days before 1/1/24 is Tue, Dec 12, 2023.
30 days before 1/1/24 is Sat, Dec 2, 2023.
40 days before 1/1/24 is Wed, Nov 22, 2023.
45 days before 1/1/24 is Fri, Nov 17, 2023.
50 days before 1/1/24 is Sun, Nov 12, 2023.
60 days before 1/1/24 is Thu, Nov 2, 2023.
70 days before 1/1/24 is Mon, Oct 23, 2023.
80 days before 1/1/24 is Fri, Oct 13, 2023.
90 days before 1/1/24 is Tue, Oct 3, 2023.
100 days before 1/1/24 is Sat, Sep 23, 2023.
120 days before 1/1/24 is Sun, Sep 3, 2023.
130 days before 1/1/24 is Thu, Aug 24, 2023.
140 days before 1/1/24 is Mon, Aug 14, 2023.
150 days before 1/1/24 is Fri, Aug 4, 2023.
160 days before 1/1/24 is Tue, Jul 25, 2023.
170 days before 1/1/24 is Sat, Jul 15, 2023.
180 days before 1/1/24 is Wed, Jul 5, 2023.
190 days before 1/1/24 is Sun, Jun 25, 2023.
200 days before 1/1/24 is Thu, Jun 15, 2023.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wearables are all the rage right now. But are they more of a toy, or a medium to be taken seriously by advertisers? In a depth psychology usage study conducted in cooperation with concept m, we analysed the factors of successful advertising implementation on smartwatches and in virtual reality.
Advertising success factors for wearables in an in-depth psychological media study.
Because situations in which VR media can be used are still very limited, it is important to stress that even selective use can create brand experiences.
When considering motivations that drive use, a distinction must first be made between smartwatches and virtual reality. Smartwatches currently serve the primary purpose of self-optimisation; their use is very efficiency-driven. In addition to providing a motivation for health and fitness tracking, they help cultivate a person's image in the digital age. They also serve as a notification filter. For the end consumer, however, clear USPs that create an immediate need to use this channel are still lacking. Virtual reality, on the other hand, is heavily experience-oriented. The combination of 3D and 360° effects creates a situation in which the consumer is immediately and fully immersed in the action, because the external visual reality is blocked out by wearing VR goggles. The motivation to use smartwatches and VR therefore differs greatly: in the case of smartwatches, consumers are most interested in efficiency, whereas VR technology revolves around the experience.
Smartwatches are especially attracting the attention of personalised location-based services. Personalised offers will find the most resonance. Ideally, they are based on previously tracked consumer habits or offers relating to health and fitness, as well as personalised product recommendations based on the tracking of physical functions. The benefit of virtual reality for advertisers is that they can create an experience for brands in combination with VR technology; the recipient often does not even perceive the content as advertising. The advertising impact of these videos can, therefore, be described as very high. The recipient is completely involved in the brand experience, brand values are experienced emotionally and 'hands-on', with a stronger feeling of connection to the brand.
In a depth psychology usage study conducted in cooperation with concept m, we were – for the first time – able to analyse the usage patterns and factors of successful advertising implementation on smartwatches and in virtual reality. 20 depth psychology interviews with digitally savvy 20-40-year-old test subjects in the summer of 2016 yielded some intriguing insights on usage patterns and the opportunities for advertisers. More detailed information on the study can be found in the 12/2016 issue of Absatzwirtschaft (in German).
We will be happy to advise you, too, on the successful deployment of advertising on wearables.


The night before Jack (Gil Bellows) is slated to begin a five-year prison sentence for murder, his wife, Melanie (Jennifer Beals), and assorted siblings gather for a dinner to bid Jack farewell and good luck on his trip up the river. But the party slides into a bitter fight over the bad behavior of Jack's brothers (John Pyper-Ferguson and Tygh Runyan) and sister Karen (Lauren Lee Smith). Terry Miles directs this dark comic drama.


Cast members from the Belper Players who took part in their 70th anniversary production of Anne Frank's Diary at the Strutt Centre, with Brianna Undy who played Anne.
The Eagle Awards 2015 will celebrate the best in local amateur theatre when they are held at Derby Theatre on Sunday, July 19, from 7.30pm.
A number of Belper productions are in the running for an award, which is designed exclusively by Royal Crown Derby, and will be presented to individuals who have excelled in key areas.
Caroline Barth, head of learning at Derby Theatre, and Eagles co-ordinator, said: "The Eagle Awards is a key event in Derby Theatre's annual calendar, celebrating the achievements of our vibrant amateur community.
Among those nominated for Best Production are Belper Players for The Diary of Anne Frank, while Belper Musical Theatre's Kiss Me Kate is in the running in three categories: for the Best Musical award, for Chris Grantham in Best Performance In A Musical, and for The Brian Glazebrook Award for Outstanding Achievement, for its highly versatile set and moving fountain.
Finally, Brianna Undy from Belper Players is nominated for The Best Contribution by a Young Person for The Diary Of Anne Frank.


Amazing Experience in Prague! – Abroad101 Cool Program of the Week!
This week's cool programs comes from UPCES in Prague, one of Europe's most remarkable cities. UPCES is located in a historic palace in Prague's city center with classes taught in English by prominent faculty from Charles University. An UPCES semester includes 16 academic credits, day and weekend trips, dozens of cultural excursions/activities, optional internships, and international classrooms.
With UPCES, students explore the cultures of Central Europe. Each semester, UPCES organizes trips to Cesky Krumlov, Litomerice, Dresden/Kutna Hora, and a 3-night trip to Krakow, Poland. UPCES also organizes a series of cultural trips within the immediate area of Prague. Czech and other European students are invited on these trips as well. UPCES classrooms offer an opportunity to interact with students from around the globe. A typical UPCES course includes 10-15 students of several nationalities and provides a truly multicultural environment for learning.
Students live in flats of their choosing with other students in the program. Flat choices are offered by the program and are located throughout the center section of Prague. Students do not just interact with the Czech people, but truly live amongst them in real Prague flats.
Another opportunity for UPCES students is that they can apply for a variety of internships related to their major or personal interests through the UPCES Internship Program. Internship opportunities include a prominent legal institute, an international school, a city newspaper, and a media NGO.
10 Reasons to use the Abroad101 education abroad assessment system at your university.
1) Reviews are Rankings Nominations – Each review becomes a submission for the Study Abroad Rankings by Abroad101. The eight different star rated categories are compiled to recognize top providers and programs as well as highlight trends in the field like up-and-coming destinations and budget-friendly locations. This year, by popular demand, Top Academic Experience returns to the Study Abroad Rankings.
2) Reviews are Good for the Student – Abroad101 publishes each review as an individual web page and takes the student through 37-questions designed to summarize their experience and give them a point of pride to share with the world and jump start their career.
3) Program Evaluation Software – Abroad101's systems works behind the scenes as software to manage program evaluations for third-party, exchanges, faculty-led and even internships and service programs for credit. In addition to the standard survey, universities can add custom questions, part of the free version of the software.
4) Reviews are Data – Unlike in-house evaluations, Abroad101's standard set of questions allow for comparison among program types and against other institutions. By analyzing your trends over time, Abroad101 can help you report better on study abroad.
5) "Re-Entry in a Box" – By requesting or even requiring each student complete their program evaluation through Abroad101, you help students in their transition back to home campus life. The web-based survey takes the average student 20-30 minutes and gets them to focus on being reflective, taking responsibility for their actions, examining who they were before and what their worldview is now.
6) Be Transparent – Publishing the evaluations/reviews demonstrates you are compliant with all aspects of transparency and in today's review driven economy it is better to put forward more information than less.
7) Set Expectations – Detailed reviews like those on Abroad101 can be used to help parents and advisors get insight into a particular program and destination. In aggregate, these are helpful in setting expectations and better preparing future students and their parents for what's ahead.
8) Peer Influence – The Abroad101 reviews prompt returning students to give advise to future students on ways to better navigate their surroundings and also a specific question about money saving tips.
9) Integrate with Enrollment System – Abroad101 can be used as a complement to your enrollment management and student information systems. Using API's, data can transfer between systems, or without much work, the systems can import/export data back and forth.
10) Fully supported – Abroad101 is web-based software that is fairly simple to use and user-friendly, but just in case, we have a team ready to support you. Free training through online demos and ongoing account support is there when you need it. Our founding slogan remains true today – Fast. Free. Easy.
support@abroad101.com or call us at +1-212-321-0928.
Flexibility, spontaneity, independence in picturesque Spain – Abroad101 Cool Program of the Week in Córdoba, Spain!
Student reviews say PRESHCO is like a family should be, supportive, encouraging and an experience that is rewarding. That makes it this week's Cool Program as in addition to studying at the renowned University of Cordoba, you have options to volunteer or intern, participate in sports, cooking, and studio and performing arts to further integrate you into the local culture and enhance your Spanish.
PRESHCO (Programa de Estudios Hispánicos en Córdoba) will provide you with opportunities to develop your knowledge of Spanish language, literature, and culture in one of the most picturesque and historically diverse cities in Spain. You will be engaged through your coursework, site visits, excursions, conversation partners, cultural program, and homestay. Options to volunteer or intern, participate in sports, cooking, and studio and performing arts will further integrate you into the local culture and enhance your Spanish.


Showing results by narrator "Katy Sobey"
Commissioned by Audible and written especially for audio format this collection brings together six crime stories through the themes of discovery, destination and arrival. Top narrators bring these gripping tales to life acknowledging the Scandinavian tradition of oral storytelling.
Discipline is a vital part of child-rearing, but many parents misunderstand how to use it and attempt to control their child's behaviour via a combination of punishment and motivation. Yet while this traditional approach may appear to produce quick results, it can potentially damage the child and, in the long term, leave parents with a far worse problem than they had initially. The Gentle Discipline Book analyses common discipline techniques and explains why so many are ineffective.
The Second Baby Book examines all the questions and issues Sarah herself faced second time around as well as sharing the experiences of the many parents who have sought her advice. It also highlights what scientific studies reveal about such issues as the spacing of children and the differences between first and second births. Practical, insightful and honest, this book will help you understand the challenges ahead, but, more importantly, it will equip you to meet them with knowledge, confidence and a sense of excitement for the future.
How to make potty training stress free for you and your child. The Gentle Potty Training Book is a practical guide to helping your child through one of the most important developmental stages of early childhood. Avoiding strict timelines, rewards and plans that are based solely on a child's gender, Sarah Ockwell-Smith advocates an approach that is based on your child's unique developmental stage - because the gentlest, easiest and most effective potty training happens when you work with your child as a team.
Isadora Moon Makes Winter Magic: Isadora loves playing in the snow, especially when her creations come to life! But snow magic can't last forever. Will she be able to save her new friends before they melt away? Isadora Moon Goes to the Fair: Isadora is excited for her first ever trip to the fun fair, but when she arrives it's not quite as magical as she expected. Luckily, her cousin Mirabelle has a plan to make the fairground rides extra special. What could possibly go wrong?
An exciting collection of the first four Isadora Moon adventures...the ideal choice for listeners who want their magic and sparkle with a bit of bite! Half vampire, half fairy, totally unique! Isadora Moon is special because she is different. Her mum is a fairy and her dad is a vampire and Isadora is a bit of both. She loves the night, bats, and the colour black, but she also loves the outdoors, using her magic wand, and the colour pink. This collection includes four of Isadora's totally unique adventures.
Most parents worry about their child's eating at some point. Common concerns include picky eating in toddlerhood; sweet cravings and vegetable avoidance in the early school years; and dieting and worries about weight in the tween and teenage years. The Gentle Eating Book will help parents to understand their child's eating habits at each age. Starting from birth, the book covers how to start your child off with the most positive approach to eating, whether they are breast or bottle-fed.
A prequel and new entry point in the best-selling Bodyguard series. Fame makes for an easy target. Ash Wild is the most successful teen rock star in history. Millions of fans adore him. But one fanatic wants him dead. Surf champion and top bodyguard recruit Charley Hunter is assigned to protect the superstar on his sell-out US tour. But Ash isn't pleased to discover his new bodyguard is a girl.
Worst book ever. Unrealistic plot.


SACRAMENTO, Calif. - Simpson University men's basketball team opened their season on Tuesday, Oct. 30, when they traveled to Sacramento to take on the Hornets from Sacramento State. The Red Hawks lost the game by 33 points, 88-55.
The Hornets opened the game on a 21-6 run and never looked back. They took a 51-35 lead into the half time break and cruised to a 88-55 victory.
Sacramento State was running on all cylinders, as all 12 Hornets scored and grabbed at least one rebound. As a team, they shot 52.8 percent (38-for-72) from the field. The Hornets also out-rebounded the Red Hawks 51-29 and scored 52 of their 88 points in the paint.
The Hornets were led by Mikh McKinney who had 18 points. Joey Quigley (14 points), John Dickson (13 points) and Jackson Carbajal (10 points) also scored in the double figures.
The Red Hawks were led offensively by Robert Frank, who had 14 points to go along with his three steals and three rebounds. Dalton Thacker added 10 points in the loss for the Red Hawks.
The Red Hawks now travel to San Diego to take on the Hawks from San Diego Christian College on Thursday, Nov. 1, at 7:30 p.m.


Our creations may just be too beautiful to eat — but don't let that stop you. Delivering throughout the Pittsburgh area, our delicious cupcakes are baked fresh using only the finest quality ingredients. Featuring classic cupcake favorites with a modern twist, our cupcakes are designed to indulge your senses and are a perfect treat for any occasion.
Regular Cupcakes are $18 a dozen.
Gourmet Cupcakes are $24 a dozen (one dozen minimum). Flavors are listed below. If you don't see something you'd like, just ask!
Chocolate Covered Strawberry ::: Chocolate cupcake with a strawberry cream cheese icing, chocolate ganache drizzled over top. Topped with a chocolate covered strawberry.


This activity covers clinically relevant topics in cardiometabolic health, including cardiovascular disease prevention, dyslipidemia, diabetes, acute coronary syndrome, and obesity management. This supplement will offer health care professionals the opportunity to advance their understanding and knowledge of cardiometabolic disorders and associated comorbidities.
This activity is jointly provided by Global Education Group and Physicians' Education Resource®, LLC. AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ is provided by Global Education Group.
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Global Education Group and Physicians' Education Resource®, LLC. Global Education Group is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Global Education Group designates this activity for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
For information about the approval and accreditation of this program, please contact Global at 303-395-1782 or cme@globaleducationgroup.com.
Global Education Group (Global) requires instructors, planners, managers, and other individuals and their spouses/life partners who are in a position to control the content of this activity to disclose any real or apparent COI they may have as related to the content of this activity. All identified COI are thoroughly vetted by Global for fair balance, scientific objectivity of studies mentioned in the materials or used as the basis for content, and appropriateness of patient-care recommendations.
Planning Staff—David Heckard; Maryjo Dixon, RPh; and Kate Bowen.
This CME/CE activity may or may not discuss investigational, unapproved, or off-label uses of drugs. Participants are advised to consult the prescribing information for any products discussed.
The information provided in this CME/CE activity is for continuing medical and nursing education purposes only, and is not meant to substitute for the independent clinical judgment of a physician or nurse relative to the diagnostic, treatment, or management options for a specific patient's medical condition.
The opinions expressed in the content are solely those of the individual faculty members, and do not reflect those of Physicians' Education Resource®, LLC, or any of the companies that provided commercial support for this activity.


A leading international law firm based in Manchester is looking for a Business Development Manager to join their team. The primary focus for this role is to work with the Leadership on the firm to execute business development plans. The role provides frontline support to Partners and will report to the EMEA Business Development Director.
Working with individual lawyers to help them develop and deliver their personal business development plans, including coaching them on business development opportunities, helping them pursue targets and expand relationships, provide strategy for selecting and leveraging practice and industry conferences, seminars, speaking engagements, participation in professional panels, and industry events.
Maintaining and overseeing the regular updating of practice group/office marketing materials and tools, practice descriptions, representative matter lists, etc.
Minimum of five years business development, marketing, sales or related experience – preferably international experience in a large professional services environment.
Experience developing client development/sales plans and supporting sales function.
Educated to degree level – Marketing, communications or other business degree, preferred. Business/Marketing Masters or CIM qualification would be desirable.


text:
Drainage works unearth Roman baths in heart of Jordan's capital
Remnants of furnaces are a sign of an elaborate heating system which archaeologists believe is the first such discovery among the remains of the ancient city of Philadelphia on which Amman was built.
Rome: The discovery of the ruins of old Roman baths during the construction of a major drainage system in the heart of Jordan's capital has posed a dilemma: how to preserve the country's ancient past while providing for its modern future?
A government committee set up two weeks ago is expected to decide soon on whether to expand excavations at the site or go ahead with an underground canal that would divert flood water that descends on Amman from the surrounding hills.
"We will balance the needs of the city - to protect it from flooding - to preserving antiquities under the streets," said Yazid Elayan, head of Jordan's Department of Antiquities.
"Amman was one of the biggest Roman cities and it has one of the largest baths ... Wherever one excavates in Amman, antiquities can be found," he told Reuters.
The work on the drainage system has been suspended while the decision is made.
Amman is an old city where many symbols of Roman civilisation are still visible, from the Amphitheatre that seated 6,000 spectators to the Nymphaeum fountains and the Hercules temple on one of Amman's highest hills.
Excavation | Roman
More News - Going Viral
PM Modi accepts social media picture challenge, tweet goes viral
'Rage': CNN reporter covering Covid-19 breaks down on live TV
Photo of father on duty saluting DSP daughter goes viral
As 2020 ends, 'mysterious' monolith surfaces in India
Woolly rhino remains found in melting Siberian permafrost


The CD also features songs like" Mary's Little Boy Child, " " Go Tell It on the Mountain, " " No Room at the Inn, " and" Sweet Little Jesus Boy, " and Mahalia Jackson's classic voice makes this disc a worthwhile addition to any holiday music collection.
Find a Mahalia Jackson - Christmas Songs first pressing or reissue. Complete your Mahalia Jackson collection. Shop Vinyl and CDs. Silent Night: Songs For Christmas | Mahalia Jackson to stream in hi-fi, or to download in True CD Quality on Qobuz. com Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas by Mahalia Jackson CD Music Mahalia Jackson · Rock 5. 0 out of 5 stars - Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas by Mahalia Jackson CD Music Mahalia Jackson discography and songs: Music profile for Mahalia Jackson, born 26 October 1911.
Genres: Gospel, Christmas Music, Spirituals. Albums include Goodbye, Babylon, Black, Brown and Beige, and Newport 1958. Listen to your favorite songs from Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson Now. Stream ad-free with Amazon Music Unlimited on mobile, desktop, and tablet. Download our mobile app now. Listen to albums and songs from Mahalia Jackson. Join Napster and access full-length songs on your phone, computer or home audio device.
Merry Christmas: 200. Christmas With Mahalia, an Album by Mahalia Jackson. Released in 1968 on CBS (catalog no. S; Vinyl LP). Genres: Christmas Music, Gospel. Listen to your favorite songs from Silent Night: Songs For Christmas by Mahalia Jackson Now. Stream ad-free with Amazon Music Unlimited on mobile, desktop, and tablet. Stream Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson and tens of millions of other songs on all your devices with Amazon Music Unlimited.
Exclusive discount for Prime members. Product Description. Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson. When sold by Amazon. com, this product will be manufactured on demand using CD-R. # 242 in CDs& Vinyl > Christmas Music. 5. 0 out of 5 stars Mahalia Jackson Christmas Album. 18 February 2015.
Format: Audio CD | Verified Purchase. A most enjoyable. Aug 25, 2015 · Licensed to YouTube by The Orchard Music. Album Mahalia Jackson. Mahalia Jackson, White Christmas - Duration:. Find a Mahalia Jackson - Silent Night - Songs For Christmas first pressing or reissue. Complete your Mahalia Jackson collection.
Shop Vinyl and CDs. Music Downloads. Search and download from over 6 million songs, music videos and lyrics. Mahalia Jackson The Christmas Songs. Year: 1989. EMD offers a premium. Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas!
- Mahalia Jackson on AllMusic - 1995 - Unlike her. Features Song Lyrics for Mahalia Jackson's Christmas Songs album. Includes Album Cover, Release Year, and User Reviews. Mahalia Jackson discography and songs: Music profile for Mahalia Jackson, born 26 October 1911.
Genres: Gospel, Christmas Music, Spirituals. Albums. Mahalia Jackson declaims Christmas like a pastor, giving every word meaning like a poet, singing as if supported by an inner choir of trumpeting angels. Mahalia Sings Songs Of Christmas! by Mahalia Jackson. fluid and rich than Mahalia Jackson's. This Christmas album is one of the best of all time and a necessity to.
Find a Mahalia Jackson - The Christmas Songs first pressing or reissue. Complete your Mahalia Mahalia jackson christmas songs cd collection. Shop Vinyl and CDs. Listen to music from Mahalia Jackson. Find the latest tracks, albums, and images from Mahalia Jackson.
Mahalia Sings Songs Of Christmas! Mahalia Jackson - Christmas with Mahalia music CD album at CD Universe, Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson, enjoy top rated service and worldwide shipping.
Find the latest in mahalia jackson music at Last. fm. Find mahalia jackson tracks, artists, and albums. Play album Buy. Christmas WMahalia. Mahalia Jackson 109. Unlike her Christmas with Mahalia Jackson album, Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas! has a large number of traditional holiday tracks, such as" Silent Night, " " Joy to the World, " " O Come All Ye Faithful, " " The First Noel, " " Hark!
Mahalia Jackson Discography Price Guide Recently Listed Email Alerts Refine Search Results. Artist: Title: Label: Cat Num. mahalia jackson christmas with mahalia. Dec 14, 2012 · Category Music; Song White Christmas; Artist Mahalia Jackson; Album A Christmas Message; Writers Irving Berlin; Licensed to YouTube by Features Song Lyrics for Mahalia Jackson's Christmas Songs album.
Includes Album Mahalia jackson christmas songs cd, Release Year, and User Reviews. It is true, this CD is a collection of songs sung by Mahalia Jackson, with a variety of accompaniments.
Most of the songs are more reflective, " Walking to. Free Download Mahalia Jackson - Christmas With Mahalia Jackson (1992) Retail CD Covers and Album Art available on AllCDCovers Mahalia Sings Songs Of Christmas! by Mahalia Jackson. When sold by Amazon. com, this product will be manufactured on demand using CD-R recordable. Mahalia Jackson - Sings Songs Of Christmas music CD album at CD Universe, No Description Available No Track Information Available Media Type CD Artist JACKSON, MAHALIA.
Mahalia Jackson - Christmas with Mahalia music CD album at CD Universe, Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson, enjoy top rated service and worldwide shipping. Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Silent Night: Songs for Christmas - Mahalia Jackson on AllMusic - 1962 - Whether or not you like sacred vocal music, one& hellip; Find great deals on eBay for mahalia jackson album.
Shop with confidence. Skip to main content. Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas by Mahalia Jackson CD Music. 3. Mahalia Jackson was an American gospel singer. Possessing a powerful contralto voice, she. She recorded her second Christmas album Silent Night ( Songs for Christmas) in 1962. By this time, she had also become a familiar face to British. Find great deals on eBay for mahalia jackson cd. Shop with confidence. Skip to main content. eBay:.
Mahalia Sings Songs of Christmas by Mahalia Jackson CD Music. Mahalia Jackson also appears in this compilation. Tracks of Disc 1; 1. Peace On Earth / Little Drummer Boy; 2. Mele Kalikimaka; 3. The Christmas Song; 4. Santa Baby; 5. Frosty The Snowman; 6. Rockin' Around The Christmas Tree; 7. The Twelve Days Of Christmas; 8. C-H-R-I-S-T-M-A-S; 9. Nutcracker Suite; 10.
O Little Town Of Bethlehem; 11. Do You Hear What I Hear? 12. Mahalia Jackson - Sings Songs Of Christmas music CD album at CD Universe, No Description Available No Track Information Available Media Type CD Artist JACKSON, MAHALIA.
11 rows · Whether or not you like sacred vocal music, one cannot help but be moved by the power. Silent Night: Songs For Christmas | Mahalia Jackson to stream in hi-fi, or to download in True CD Quality on Qobuz. com Is Silent Night: Songs For Christmas the best album by Mahalia Jackson? BestEverAlbums. com brings together thousands of 'greatest ever album' charts and calculates an overall ranking.
Mahalia Jackson's songs:. Silent Night: Songs For Christmas. A Star Stood Still (Song of The Nativity) (Album Version) Mahalia Jackson. Mahalia Sings Songs Of Christmas! by Mahalia Jackson. When sold by Amazon. com, this product will be manufactured on demand using CD-R recordable media. Amazon. com's standard return policy will. I first heard Mahalia as a mystery guest on" What's My Line" and followed this with listening to her on YouTube.
I then bought this CD as a Christmas present for. Christmas with Mahalia by Mahalia Jackson When sold by Amazon. com, this product will be manufactured on demand using CD-R recordable media. Amazon. com's standard return policy will apply. Christmas With Mahalia Jackson Licensed to YouTube by [Merlin] The Malaco Music Group (on behalf of Apollo Records); The Harry Fox Agency, Inc.


text:
Merkel says climate talks 'not looking promising'
AFP/DDP/The Local - [email protected] • 17 Dec, 2009 Updated Thu 17 Dec 2009 10:41 CEST
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Thursday the outcome of the climate summit in Copenhagen did "not look promising" but hoped the arrival of world leaders at the meeting would unblock negotiations.
"The news reaching us is not good," she said. "At the moment, the negotiations do not look promising but I of course hope that the presence of more than 100 heads of state and government can give the necessary impetus to the event."
Merkel is expected to arrive in the Danish capital on Thursday afternoon and speak at the summit, where talks have stalled as developing nations square off against rich countries that have refused to make drastic cuts in carbon dioxide emissions.
The Chancellor also said that US pledges to reduce emissions by 17 percent from 2005 levels by 2020 were "not ambitious enough."
Meanwhile German Environment Minister Norbert Röttgen appealed to world leaders to overcome what he called a "crisis" at the climate conference in Copenhagen.
The world's biggest polluters, China and the United States, should take on responsibility for cutting emissions to halt climate change, Röttgen told public broadcaster ZDF.
Coming to an agreement on protecting the climate is in the "clear interest of the countries and humanity," he said, adding that posturing from a few leaders should not be allowed to block progress.
The Environment Minister also said that Germany and the European Union would hold to their goal of limiting global warming to 2.0 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
"Our statements stand," he said.
Chancellor Merkel is doing important work in Copenhagen, "but she can't take over the tasks for everyone else," he told the broadcaster.
"We want a concrete political decision that will be carried over into a treaty," he said.
#UN #Environment #climate change #copenhagen
AFP/DDP/The Local 2009/12/17 10:41


With an overall streamlined design and pneumatic struts for effortless height adjustment, this professional marimba is portable, practical, and professional.
Rosewood bars produce a high quality, traditional sound.
Cut-away designed resonators, featuring a 3-position tracking system, allow resonator height adjustment for pitch and tone control, and provide additional strength while reducing overall instrument weight.
Nut/bolt and welded resonators with denser alloys and thicker walls maximize the tone and ensure rattle-free play.
Graduated bars produce a full tone and projection throughout the instrument's range.
Height adjustable frame with pneumatic struts allows one person to easily adjust the height to a comfortable playing position.
Hinged resonators and rails, along with a two-piece crossbar, make tear down a simple task.
Oversized 4" casters allow for easy transport over rough surfaces.


text:
Black Panther (2008-2010) #8
Black Panther (2008-2010)
It's a bloody struggle for power with the new Black Panther attacked on all fronts. Cyber-enhanced assassins are gunning for her - using technology whose origins will rock Wakanda to its foundations - and sexy new villain, Predator, is looking to make a trophy out of the her head. Meanwhile, T'Challa - no longer the Panther - embarks on a path that will take him down dark roads he's never walked before. He's gearing up for something really, really big. The question is, what?
Jonathan Maberry
Will Conrad
Paul Renaud
Leading Ladies Superhero
Black Panther: Power
Who is the new Black Panther, and what happened to T'Challa after SECRET INVASION?
X-Men / Black Panther: Wild Kingdom
Investigating a sudden outburst of strange, mutated wild animals in Africa, the X-Men - led by Storm - come face to face with something worse: mutant bio-organisms the likes of which the world has never seen. The key to unraveling their secret - and defeating them - may lie in that region's protector - the Black Panther!
Doomwar
Wakanda has been conquered, its Vibranium reserves plundered. Storm faces execution in the next 48 hours. And Dr. Doom stands triumphant. It will take the combined forces of the X-Men, the Fantastic Four and the two Black Panthers to stand against him.
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear (2010-2012)
Collects Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #513-523 and Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #523.1 and #524-529. In the wake of SHADOWLAND, Hell's Kitchen has a new protector: the Black Panther! He has no kingdom, no Vibranium and no high-tech safety net - just bloody knuckles and the will to prove himself in a foreign land. T'Challa will create a new life, a new identity and become a
The Black Panther's origin is retold in a cinematic scope with social satire and all-out action that's sure to excite true believers and the hip hop faithful.


text:
15-й чемпионат Европы по софтболу среди мужчин 2021 проводился в городах  и Сезимово-Усти (Чехия) с 21 по 26 июня 2021 года с участием 9 команд. В Чехии мужской чемпионат Европы проводился в 7-й раз, в городах Леденице и Сезимово-Усти — впервые.

Чемпионом Европы стала (в 11-й раз в своей истории) сборная Чехии, победив в финале сборную Дании. Третье место заняла сборная Хорватии
.

Формат соревнований
Сначала команды участвуют в групповом этапе, где по круговой системе играют между собой в один круг. На втором этапе две лучшие команды выходят в финал, две следующие в матч за 3-е место, три следующие играют дополнительный круг между собой за 5—7 места, две последних выходят в матч за 8-е место.

Групповой этап

 Проходят в финал
 Проходят в матч за 3-е место
 Проходят в классификацию за 5—7 места
 Проходят в матч за 8-е место

Классификация за 8-е место

Классификация за 5—7 места
Команды играют по круговой системе в один круг.

Плей-офф

Итоговая классификация

Примечания

Ссылки

2021 год в софтболе
2021
Софтбол
Международные соревнования по софтболу в Чехии
Чемпионаты Европы в Чехии
Софтбол
Июнь 2021 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


These Vaca sandals from French brand Laura Vita are so pretty, we love the boho style! With a peacock-inspired upper, Vaca has a zip at the heel for easy on and off and beautifully soft microfibre footbed that feels like your slippers!
Laura Vita Vaca fits true to size.


4612058715 318×195 Or Spanish Wall Planters Uk 4612058964 691×322 On Spanish Wall Planters Uk Within Spanish Wall Planters Uk Pots Of Spain Spanish Garden Ceramics All Wall Planters Uk V2 Hand Painted Spanish Wall Planter For Planters Uk All Spanish Wall Planters Uk Like Spanish Wall Planters Uk 61hGm383gKL AC UL320 SR318 320 In Spanish Wall Planters Uk 61RvMSaBJCL AC UL320 SR308 320 Random Spanish Wall Planters Uk 51dZ 2BgrAMlL Grande Jpeg V 1462811203 Like Spanish Wall Planters Uk Spanish Terracotta Wall Planter 21 Cm X 18 Or Planters Uk Ceramic Wall Planter Ramic Planters Set White Outstanding Outdoor West Elm Hanging Small Spanish Uk For Ceramic Wall Planter Modern Garden Containers Indoor Hanging Hung Flower Pots Contemporary Spanish Planters Uk In At Spanish Wall Planters Uk Ceramic Wall Planters Expert White Professional With Medium Spanish Uk Like .
On this website we recommend many designs about Spanish Wall Planters Uk that we have collected from various sites. raggedwrite.net that we have collected from various sites, and of course what we recommend is the most excellent of image for Spanish Wall Planters Uk. If you like the design on our website, please do not hesitate to visit again and get inspiration from all the houses in the design of our web design.


text:
package org.spacehq.mc.protocol.packet.ingame.server.entity.spawn;

import org.spacehq.mc.protocol.data.game.EntityMetadata;
import org.spacehq.mc.protocol.data.game.values.MagicValues;
import org.spacehq.mc.protocol.data.game.values.entity.MobType;
import org.spacehq.mc.protocol.util.NetUtil;
import org.spacehq.packetlib.io.NetInput;
import org.spacehq.packetlib.io.NetOutput;
import org.spacehq.packetlib.packet.Packet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;

public class ServerSpawnMobPacket implements Packet {

    private int entityId;
    private UUID uuid;
    private MobType type;
    private double x;
    private double y;
    private double z;
    private float pitch;
    private float yaw;
    private float headYaw;
    private double motX;
    private double motY;
    private double motZ;
    private EntityMetadata metadata[];

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private ServerSpawnMobPacket() {
    }

    public ServerSpawnMobPacket(int entityId, UUID uuid, MobType type, double x, double y, double z, float yaw, float pitch, float headYaw, double motX, double motY, double motZ, EntityMetadata metadata[]) {
        this.entityId = entityId;
        this.uuid = uuid;
        this.type = type;
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
        this.z = z;
        this.yaw = yaw;
        this.pitch = pitch;
        this.headYaw = headYaw;
        this.motX = motX;
        this.motY = motY;
        this.motZ = motZ;
        this.metadata = metadata;
    }

    public int getEntityId() {
        return this.entityId;
    }

    public UUID getUuid() {
        return this.uuid;
    }

    public MobType getType() {
        return this.type;
    }

    public double getX() {
        return this.x;
    }

    public double getY() {
        return this.y;
    }

    public double getZ() {
        return this.z;
    }

    public float getYaw() {
        return this.yaw;
    }

    public float getPitch() {
        return this.pitch;
    }

    public float getHeadYaw() {
        return this.headYaw;
    }

    public double getMotionX() {
        return this.motX;
    }

    public double getMotionY() {
        return this.motY;
    }

    public double getMotionZ() {
        return this.motZ;
    }

    public EntityMetadata[] getMetadata() {
        return this.metadata;
    }

    @Override
    public void read(NetInput in) throws IOException {
        this.entityId = in.readVarInt();
        this.uuid = in.readUUID();
        this.type = MagicValues.key(MobType.class, in.readByte());
        this.x = in.readInt() / 32D;
        this.y = in.readInt() / 32D;
        this.z = in.readInt() / 32D;
        this.yaw = in.readByte() * 360 / 256f;
        this.pitch = in.readByte() * 360 / 256f;
        this.headYaw = in.readByte() * 360 / 256f;
        this.motX = in.readShort() / 8000D;
        this.motY = in.readShort() / 8000D;
        this.motZ = in.readShort() / 8000D;
        this.metadata = NetUtil.readEntityMetadata(in);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(NetOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeVarInt(this.entityId);
        out.writeUUID(this.uuid);
        out.writeByte(MagicValues.value(Integer.class, this.type));
        out.writeInt((int) (this.x * 32));
        out.writeInt((int) (this.y * 32));
        out.writeInt((int) (this.z * 32));
        out.writeByte((byte) (this.yaw * 256 / 360));
        out.writeByte((byte) (this.pitch * 256 / 360));
        out.writeByte((byte) (this.headYaw * 256 / 360));
        out.writeShort((int) (this.motX * 8000));
        out.writeShort((int) (this.motY * 8000));
        out.writeShort((int) (this.motZ * 8000));
        NetUtil.writeEntityMetadata(out, this.metadata);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isPriority() {
        return false;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Alliance was a left-wing political party in New Zealand. It was formed at the end of 1991 by the linking of four smaller parties. The Alliance positioned itself as a democratic socialist alternative to the centre-left New Zealand Labour Party. It was influential throughout the 1990s, but suffered a major setback after its founder and leader, Jim Anderton, left the party in 2002, taking with him several of its members of parliament (MPs). After the remaining MPs lost their seats in the 2002 general election, some commentators predicted the demise of the party.

The Alliance stood candidates in the 2005 general election but won less than 1% of the party vote. It contested Auckland City Council elections under the City Vision banner, in concert with the New Zealand Labour Party and Green Party. The Alliance ran 15 electorate candidates and a total of 30 candidates on the party list in the 2008 general election, increasing its party vote marginally from that in 2005. It was deregistered (can no longer contest for the party vote) at its own request on 26 May 2015.

Policies
A democratic socialist party, the Alliance supported free education, free healthcare, full employment and the maintenance of the welfare state. Its policy platform emphasized women's rights, environmentalism, and Māori rights. It supported New Zealand's nuclear-free policy and opposed military interventionism, particularly during the war in Afghanistan. The Alliance supported proportional representation for elections.

The Alliance advocated a progressive tax, which would mean a higher tax rate for wealthier people and a lower rate for poorer people. It also supported the removal of the Goods and Services Tax, seeing the tax as unfair because the amount paid does not vary according to the purchaser's ability to afford it; it advocated replacing this with a financial transaction tax, or Tobin tax.

History

Foundation
The Alliance was formed at the end of 1991 as an alliance of four parties. The largest of the four was the NewLabour Party (not associated with the later New Labour movement in the UK), established by former Labour Party politician Jim Anderton. The oldest was the Democratic Party (originally known as the Social Credit Political League, and dedicated to Social Credit policies). The others were Mana Motuhake (a Māori party) and the Greens (an environmentalist party).

Until his departure from Labour in 1989, Anderton had been the most vocal Labour MP in his criticism of his party's new direction. Led by Roger Douglas, the Minister of Finance, Labour had adopted radical policies of economic liberalisation, free trade, and privatisation of state assets – sharply in contrast both with the party's background and its campaign promises. This was deeply unpopular both with a section of the public and with ordinary members, but Douglas and his allies, without effective constraint by Prime Minister David Lange, pressed on with the reforms. Anderton, despite heavy pressure from the party authorities, refused to vote in favour of the measures, and eventually quit the party. He contested the 1990 election under the banner of NewLabour, a party he quickly established. He successfully retained his electorate seat, becoming the first MP to leave a party and not lose their position in the next elections.

NewLabour, the Democrats, and Mana Motuhake, all of which opposed the platform set out by Douglas, gradually began to work together to fight their common political opposition. The Greens, who had policies and electoral support, but not party organisation, also took notice. Initially, this co-operation was limited, but expanded after a joint candidate was successful in an Auckland local-body election. In two concurrent by-elections on the Auckland Regional Council (ARC) in November 1991 the parties coalesced around a single candidate in each race; Bruce Jesson of NewLabour in the Panmure Ward and Ruth Norman from the Greens in the Glenfield Ward. Both were successful giving a huge boost in confidence and publicity to the incipient party.

Original Alliance logo

On 1 December 1991, NewLabour, the Greens, the Democrats, and Mana Motuhake formally agreed to establish the Alliance as an official party. This established the three original pillars of Alliance policy – left-wing economics (represented by NewLabour and the Democrats), environmentalism (represented by the Greens), and Māori issues (represented by Mana Motuhake).

Shortly after the official establishment of the Alliance, a small splinter group from the National Party applied to join. This group, known as the Liberal Party (not to be confused with the original Liberal Party), consisted of two former National Party MPs who were disillusioned with the continuation of Douglas's policies by National's Ruth Richardson. The Liberals became the fifth member of the Alliance in June 1992. The addition of the two Liberal MPs (Gilbert Myles and Hamish MacIntyre) together with Anderton gave the party more of a presence in parliament. Later at the Alliance's inaugural party conference in November 1992 Anderton was officially confirmed as party leader and members elected Sandra Lee of Mana Motuhake and Jeanette Fitzsimons from the Greens as co-deputy leaders.

There were also discussions regarding the Alliance's links with Winston Peters, a former National MP who founded the New Zealand First party. Peters was also opposed to the economic reforms being undertaken, was hostile towards big business, and claimed to support ordinary New Zealanders, but was also highly conservative in his social policies. In particular, his views on immigration were incompatible with the Alliance's belief in multiculturalism. There were also problems regarding who would lead any merged entity – both the Alliance's Anderton and New Zealand First's Peters were well regarded for standing up to their old parties, leaving it unclear which of them should be senior. (Some have also claimed that neither Anderton nor Peters would accept being ranked second – both politicians are sometimes accused by their critics of being egotistical and controlling). Regardless of the reason, the Alliance and New Zealand First did not move together. As a result, Myles and several other top figures in the Liberal Party left the Alliance and joined with New Zealand First instead.

Early electoral performance
In 1992, the Alliance contested a by-election in the electorate of Tamaki. The former stronghold of Robert Muldoon, a conservative National Party leader, Tamaki was not regarded as an easy run for the Alliance. It was, therefore, surprising when the Alliance went to first place in several polls and its candidate (Chris Leitch of the Democrats) nearly won the seat, finishing a close second and pushing Labour into third place.

In February 1992 the Alliance won a third by-election on the ARC when Mike Lee of NewLabour won the Auckland Central Ward giving the party further momentum. Later that year, the Alliance made further gains in the 1992 local-body elections campaigning on a platform of halting the sale of public utilities. After a strong campaign the party gained control of the ARC's services trust and was able to cease sales. These two performances helped establish the Alliance as a significant threat to the major parties.

In the 1993 election, the Alliance gained 18% of the vote. However, the electoral system meant that the party only won two seats – one delivered by Jim Anderton, and the other by Sandra Lee in Auckland. Occurring at the same time as this election, however, was the referendum which introduced the mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation electoral system, making it much easier for smaller parties to get representation. The Alliance was a strong supporter of this change.

In 1994, Jim Anderton left the leadership of the Alliance, citing family reasons. Sandra Lee was placed in charge of the party. Later, however, Anderton was persuaded to return, and resumed the leadership.

Under MMP
In the 1996 election, the Alliance gained 10% of the vote. Under the new electoral system, this secured the party thirteen MPs. New Zealand First, however, had obtained seventeen MPs, and held the balance of power between Labour and National. Eventually, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters opted to form a coalition with National, leaving both Labour and the Alliance in opposition.

The Labour Party, now led by Helen Clark, had moved away from the policies of Roger Douglas — both Douglas and his strongest supporter, Richard Prebble, had left Labour to found the ACT party, and Clark's more traditional faction had taken over. This allowed a gradual reconciliation between Labour and the Alliance, a process assisted by the impression that lack of cooperation had cost both parties support. Eventually, this led to an agreement between the two parties, with both sides agreeing to cooperate in forming a government should election results allow it.

In 1997, the Greens decided that they would leave the Alliance at the next election, believing that they could perform better individually. Other developments in the Alliance's makeup included the formal dissolution of both the NewLabour Party and the Liberal Party, with their members becoming members of the Alliance as a whole rather than of any specific constituent party. This left the Democrats and Mana Motuhake as the only parts of the Alliance with distinct identities.

In the 1999 election, the Alliance gained around 8% of the vote, giving it ten seats. This, combined with Labour's forty-nine seats and some support from the Greens, was enough to form a coalition government. Jim Anderton became Deputy Prime Minister, and three other Alliance MPs gained positions in Cabinet. The Alliance claims to have made a number of significant achievements while in government, citing (among other things) the creation of the Ministry of Economic Development, the lifting of the minimum wage, a change in funding systems for schools, and abolition of market rents for state housing. The party also claims to have exerted an important general influence over other governmental decisions.
2003 Alliance logo

Split
Towards the end of the parliamentary term, however, internal tensions began to grow within the Alliance. This was partly driven by the party's low poll ratings, which were often blamed on perceived "subservience" to Labour. In particular, many members of the party organisation were less willing to support Labour than the party's MPs were, leading to a rift between parliamentary leader Anderton and party president Matt McCarten.

Eventually, Anderton decided to leave the Alliance and establish a new party. However, rules regarding changes of party allegiance meant that Anderton and his allies could not officially resign from the Alliance without also resigning from parliament, which they were unwilling to do. This led to the awkward situation of Anderton and his allies technically remaining part of the Alliance while actually operating outside of it. The conflict within the Alliance was one of the reasons cited by Helen Clark for her calling the election several months early in 2002.

Anderton, along with three other Alliance MPs, established the Progressive Coalition Party (later just the Progressive Party). Three Alliance MPs, led by Laila Harré, chose to remain with the Alliance. The remaining three MPs (two supporting Anderton, one supporting Harré) decided not to stand for parliament again. The Democrats, one of the two Alliance components still having a separate identity, chose to follow Anderton, while Mana Motuhake, the other, chose to stay. Labour was largely successful in avoiding being drawn into the dispute.

Decline
In the 2002 election, the Alliance and the Progressives competed against each other. The Alliance, believing that it would struggle to reach 5% (the threshold for a party being awarded representation proportional to its support), needed to win an electorate seat to gain entry to parliament. It chose to focus on  (contested by Harré) and  (contested by Willie Jackson, leader of Mana Motuhake). In both seats, however, the Alliance came second, losing each time to a Labour candidate, and so failed to gain parliamentary representation. In the list vote, the party failed to meet the threshold, gaining only 1.27% of the Party vote.

After the election, Mana Motuhake chose to leave the Alliance. This left the Alliance without any component parties – all members are now simply members of the Alliance as a whole.

Laila Harré stepped down as the party's leader on 30 November 2003, and was replaced by Matt McCarten, the party president who clashed with Anderton. McCarten advocated a policy which would see the Alliance focus less on electoral activity and more on playing a co-ordinating role—he has been a particularly strong advocate of working with the new Māori Party, which the Alliance had been involved with and practically supported during Tariana Turia's by-election campaign and the Maori Party launch. There was a debate within the Alliance, given the poll ratings of less than 1%, as to whether the Alliance should contest the list vote in the 2005 election, or instead only stand in electorate seats and encourage its supporters to use their list vote to support the Greens or the Māori Party. Jill Ovens, a former candidate and the new party president, was critical of McCarten's support of the Māori Party, saying that working both for the Alliance and the Māori Party at the same time represented a conflict of interest and resigned at one stage over the issue (Ovens subsequently joined the Labour Party in 2006). When no agreement could be reached on the electoral strategy McCarten and Harré disassociated themselves from the Alliance. Gerard Hehir, the outgoing General Secretary, informed the Electoral Commission that the Alliance no longer had the five hundred financial members required for registration. In late 2004 McCarten was replaced as leader by two co-leaders, Jill Ovens and Paul Piesse and the party's remaining membership voted to contest the list vote. In the 2005 election, the Alliance gained only 0.07% of the Party vote, placing 12th of the parties.

Following its poor showing in the 2005 election, the Alliance continued after their 2005 conference with two co-leaders Paul Piesse and Len Richards.

At the 2006 conference held in Wellington, no co-leaders were elected with the party deciding to concentrate on internal reorganisation. Victor Billot was elected president. At the 2007 national conference, held in Dunedin, two co-leaders were elected, Victor Billot and Kay Murray, with Paul Piesse returning to his former role as Party President. Speakers at the 2007 national conference included political commentator Chris Trotter and publisher Jack Yan. The Alliance stated its intention to run a list of candidates and electorate candidates in the 2008 general election. In April 2008 the party had between 500 and 600 members.

During the process of regroupment since the 2005 election the Alliance has reaffirmed its role as a broad left-wing political party committed to contesting both electorate seats and a party list. The party continues to release an annual alternative budget, prepared by the Alliance spokesperson on tax, the academic and intelligence researcher Jim Flynn. In 2008 the Alliance adopted a new logo designed by Jack Yan & Associates to signal the changes it has undergone and its intention for renewal and rebuilding.

In the 2008 election the Alliance fielded candidates in all major New Zealand centres, contesting 15 electorate seats and running a party list of 30 candidates under the co-leaders Kay Murray and Andrew McKenzie. The party managed to marginally improve its party vote to 1,721, amounting to 0.08 percent of the party vote and placing the Alliance 7th out of 12 extra-parliamentary parties. The Alliance candidate for Dunedin North, Victor Billot, gathered 448 electorate votes, placing him 6th in that electorate.

After the election of the fifth National government on 8 November 2008, the Alliance pledged to "play a leading role in resisting the attacks against public services, workers, beneficiaries and students that will be a feature of the new National Government."

The party unsuccessfully contested the 2011 election, gaining just 1,069 party votes, the lowest of any registered party. It did not nominate a list for the 2014 election, and nominated only a single electorate candidate: Mary O'Neill in Napier in which she came fifth with 59 votes.

The party was formally deregistered with the Electoral Commission at its own request on 26 May 2015. Without registration, the party cannot contest the party vote. , the party's website remains online with an active blog. The website describes a conference planned for August 2016 but it is unclear if this went ahead.

In 2020, the former Alliance MP Phillida Bunkle wrote an essay for Newsroom about her time in the party, in which she made allegations of a culture of bullying and misuse of funds, and of disruptive power-play by an internal grouping she called "the Faction."

Electoral results (1993–2014)

People

Leaders
Jim Anderton (1991–1994)
Sandra Lee (1994–1995)
Jim Anderton (1995–2002)
Laila Harré (2002–2003)
Matt McCarten (2003–2004)
Jill Ovens and Paul Piesse (2005–2006)
Len Richards and Paul Piesse (2006)
 Party President and spokesperson Victor Billot (2006–2007)
Victor Billot and Kay Murray (2007–2008)
Andrew McKenzie and Kay Murray (2008–2012)
Kay Murray and Kevin Campbell (2012–2015)

MPs

See also

:Category:Alliance (New Zealand political party) politicians
New Zealand Green Party
Socialism in New Zealand
Politics of New Zealand

References

Further reading

External links

Alliance

1991 establishments in New Zealand
2015 disestablishments in New Zealand
Defunct political parties in New Zealand
Political parties disestablished in 2015
Political parties established in 1991
Socialist parties in New Zealand


Showing results for tags 'immersive'.
At 15 I attended my first festival, NASS, a sister festival or the Relentless groups Freeze & Boardmasters festivals that happen in the south of the UK. That festival enlightened me to some euphoric world of freedom, immersion, creativity, nostalgia and carefree happiness. I was unaware of my subconscious desires to pursue a career working within an industry that creates said feelings and experiences, yet here I am 7 years later sat in the library of my university, researching for one of two final pieces of work to complete a degree in Events Management to then go on and chase my desire of becoming a creator of innovative and immersive, experiential festival content. I've been immersed in the theories of co-creation, experiential marketing, innovation, hyper-reality and technological advances at festivals... not only has this contributed to assignments and my dissertation which was an Auto-ethnographic study of my own emotional and spiritual experience at a winter sports festival (Rise 2014)... it's also triggered a question...Generation Y? A very suitable name, we are a generation of questions. Generations before us, accepted, they may have wondered but never asked, questions may have been answered but were left unspoken. However, we, Generation Y are a generation of asking WHY, why do we want to experience? Why do we want to co-create and why do we want that immersive feeling of nostalgia, euphoria, freedom, happiness and carelessness? We're at the very early yet, fast moving stages of a transformation in the way we interact with our own every day experience as well as our entire exsistance. This transformation is the driving force behind trying to figure out why we experience, how we experience and what it does to us, emotionally, spiritually and physically. That question is what got me on a plane to the French Alps on my own to research my own experience at a new up and coming Winter Sports Festival, and that question is what will continue to take me to festivals all over the world. Maybe there is some poetic justice in the unknown, maybe the need to know everything is a curse of our generation, and like the meaning of life itself, its something we learn and experience rather than define.


text:
Defection: Akpabio reacts to calls for Senate to declare his seat vacant
NAN) Sen. Godswill Akpabio (APC-Akwa Ibom) says any move to declare his seat vacant in the Senate will prove abortive.
Akpabio made this known in an interview with newsmen in Abuja on Monday.
He said though he had yet to hear about it, if his seat must be declared vacant, the seats of those, who defected to the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), should also be declared vacant.
According to him, if the excuse of those calling for his seat to be declared vacant is that there is no rancour in PDP to warrant his defection, they should also know there is no rancour in APC.
"Any defection from APC to PDP, we will like to declare those seats vacant.
"As you are looking at me, do I look perturbed? I have not heard the report.
"I think that is a rumour because at the moment, there is no division in the APC. The APC is one family.
"If you hear about R-APC that was not really a political party, that was not a division.
"It has since been consumed in what they call Coalition of United Political Parties (CUPP).
On the threat by APC National Chairman, Adams Oshiomhole to get the President of the Senate, Dr Bukola Saraki impeached, Akpabio said he was not aware of that.
"I just came in from Ikot-Ekpene, where I decided with my people to join APC. I'm yet to be briefed on any of those items. I have not heard anything.
"Why don't you wait for me to formally talk to you? I believe that when the National Assembly resumes, you will hear from me directly. So, exercise patience'', he said.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that Akpabio, while defecting from PDP to APC, also tendered his resignation as Minority Leader.(NAN)
Fatal crashes reveal plight of Italy's African labourers
NYSC urges conducive environment to maximise corps members' potential
APC vs PDPNANNASSSen.Godswill Akpabio
Senate President Saraki in Closed Door Meeting with Former President Obasanjo


<Kingston commission removals – needed changes or a panel purge?
In a separate decision, the EPA declined to draw a conclusion as to whether the cleanup is or will be "protective of human health and the environment," citing the need for more data on PCB levels in fish tissue. It said that could take up to eight more years.
Though the dredging took place entirely in the Upper Hudson, between Troy and Fort Edward, the cause of cleaning up the river united environmentalists and lawmakers across the valley. So did today's announcement.
Riverkeeper joined with Scenic Hudson to condemn the decision, reasoning that it must be premature to declare GE's work complete because the EPA admits it's too soon to say whether the action was sufficient to protect human health and the ecological dangers.


text:
AFL Players unveil Top 50 – 50 to 41
Which modern AFL superstars are most respected by their peers?
In the lead-up to Round 1, aflplayers.com.au (in conjunction with afl.com.au) will reveal the top 50 players in the game, as voted by the players.
"As a player, there are two things you are always striving for – a premiership, and the respect of your peers." – Leigh Matthews
Peer admiration is a big accolade in the modern game, and in 2016, six new faces have caught the eyes of their fellow players, earning a place between 41 and 50 in the Players' Top 50 for 2016.
According to the players, Jack Steven, Josh Gibson, Jack Riewoldt, Bernie Vince, Marcus Bontempelli and Dylan Shiel are among the game's best 50 players in the competition; none of the six featured in last year's poll.
Steven took out the Saints' 2015 best-and-fairest award, with Gibson also crowned the Hawks' best in a premiership-winning year, while Riewoldt's growth as a player resulted in him claiming his second All-Australian blazer.
Vince's form was acknowledged with the Demons' Keith "Bluey" Truscott Medal, while Bontempelli and Shiel continued to stamp their claims as two of the league's most exciting youngsters.
Also featuring between 41 and 50 in this year's count are Harry Taylor, Nathan Jones, Brent Harvey and Tom Hawkins – all backing up their placings in 2015's list.
Set to break Michael Tuck's games record in 2016, 38-year-old Harvey's placing on this year's list shows how highly the players rate his ability to continually impact games with his precise foot skills and trademark run and carry.
In 2015, Harvey averaged 22 disposals – the 15th time in the last 16 years he's averaged more than 20 disposals a match – and finished fourth in North Melbourne's best-and-fairest award.
Click here to see the 2015 AFL Players' Top 50 list
Players' Top 50 – the story so far
50. Dylan Shiel (GWS Giants) 2015 ranking: —
49. Marcus Bontempelli (Western Bulldogs) 2015 Ranking: —
48. Bernie Vince (Melbourne) 2015 Ranking: —
47. Jack Riewoldt (Richmond) 2015 Ranking: —
46. Josh Gibson (Hawthorn) 2015 Ranking: —
45. Jack Steven (St Kilda) 2015 Ranking: —
44. Tom Hawkins (Geelong Cats) 2015 Ranking: 23
43. Brent Harvey (North Melbourne) 2015 Ranking: 26
42. Nathan Jones (Melbourne) 2015 Ranking: 31
41. Harry Taylor (Geelong Cats) 2015 Ranking: 25