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No sustainable development without eradication of hunger and extreme poverty
Joint statement by FAO, IFAD, WFP and Bioversity on Rio+20 Summit
20 June 2012, Rio de Janeiro, Rome - The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the World Food Programme (WFP) and Bioversity International have issued the following statement on the occasion of the Rio+20 conference.
FAO, IFAD, WFP and Bioversity- Joint statement on Rio+20
We stand at a crossroads: it lies within our reach to eliminate hunger and poverty, using methods that do not compromise the future of life on this planet. That is the essence of sustainability. It will require not just universal acceptance of the right of every person to be free from hunger, but also profound changes in the way we produce and consume food and manage the earth's resources.
Rio+20 gives us a golden opportunity to bring together the agendas of food security and sustainable development to build the future we want. Increasingly, we know how to eliminate hunger and poverty in ways that also promote sound management of natural resources, encourage social inclusion and drive economic growth.
There are 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty, and close to 900 million chronically undernourished. An additional 1 billion suffer from "hidden hunger", a lack of vitamins and minerals. Undernourishment in children prevents them from ever reaching their full physical and cognitive potential, costing lives, livelihoods and economic growth. We must all understand that the Rio vision of sustainable development cannot be achieved as long as hunger and extreme poverty persist.
We can and we must help poor people worldwide access the food they need, and we must support their efforts to escape the poverty trap for good. But the world's ecosystems and biodiversity are already under extreme pressure from overexploitation, degradation and the effects of climate change. We now face the challenge of raising global food production by 60 per cent by 2050 while managing the natural resource base so that we are not robbing future generations.
It can be done. We can reach our goal of eliminating hunger while promoting sustainable food production. We know what the right tools and policies are. What we need most are the governance systems and institutions that promote accountability and ensure that the right tools and policies are scaled up and applied.
Rio+20 must demonstrate the political will to improve governance, reform policy and, above all, take action. All our efforts toward "sustainable development" will be in vain if we cannot feed humanity and also safeguard the resources upon which life depends.
This is a shared challenge, involving actions that must be undertaken by government, the private sector and civil society, and producers and consumers of food. It is everyone's responsibility. We must unlock the power of partnerships, working across sectors and tearing down barriers that have sometimes made development efforts uncoordinated and inefficient. The principles of inclusiveness, equity, gender equality and a rights-based approach must be upheld both in the consultative process and the actions undertaken. We can also build upon existing institutions such as the inclusive Committee on World Food Security (CFS).
We must recognize that individuals and the private sector make the bulk of investments in our food systems. The people who work the world's 500 million small farms are the backbone of many rural economies, and are the largest investors in agriculture in the developing world. They are also custodians of a large part of the world's natural resources and biodiversity. They have enormous potential as entrepreneurs, but all too often lack the resources they need to thrive, feed their families and contribute to the food and nutrition security of others.
Women are drivers of change. The majority of small farmers are women. Giving them the same access as men to assets, services and other resources could make a powerful contribution to poverty reduction and food security. Let us not waste this potential, nor exclude their voices.
We must scale up safety nets and build resilient livelihoods and landscapes. To ensure access to adequate and nutritious food at all times, the poorest and most vulnerable people in both rural and urban areas need to be supported through research, education, assistance, and social protection programmes, or safety nets. Disaster risk management and resilience-building need to be adopted by food-insecure countries and communities exposed to increasing land degradation and resource scarcity, changing rainfall patterns and extreme weather events, as well as market downturns, food price spikes and other shocks.
Responsible tenure systems* are needed to secure access rights to land, fisheries and forests for poor people. Agricultural methods and technologies that work with and not against nature can help them produce more, and more sustainably. Promotion of crop diversification can ensure that agriculture produces a variety of foods suitable for health and nutrition, and also provide the necessary resilience to cope with climate change.
Action also must be taken to deal with the fact that one third of food produced globally is wasted or lost to spoilage, damage and other causes. Making the most of what we already produce and harvest would reduce the increase in production required to feed a growing population, raise the incomes and food security of poor farmers, and also minimize the impact of food production on global ecosystems.
The future we want is within our grasp. Together, the Rome-based food and agriculture agencies commit to working with international organizations, governments, research institutions, civil society and non-governmental organizations, cooperatives, small farmers' organizations, communities and the private sector, at all levels. We must all rise together to meet this challenge.
Let us seize this historic opportunity. Let us dedicate ourselves to transforming our current unsustainable food production and consumption systems, so as to ensure access to sufficient nutritious food for all people. We must act now.
* The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security, recently endorsed by the CFS, outline principles and practices that governments can refer to when making laws and administering land, fisheries and forests rights.
Rio+20 offers a golden opportunity to bring food security and sustainable development together.
Bioversity
FAO at Rio+20
Kirsten Khire
+39-06-61181
k.khire@cgiar.org
Erwin Northoff
erwin.northoff@fao.org
Jessica Thomas
j.thomas@ifad.org
Emilia Casella
Emilia.casella@wfp.org


Just as a mariner must navigate the ship's course through stormy seas, so a winemaker must navigate through a tricky vintage. That's how this proprietary blend from Dry Creek Vineyard got its moniker.
The 2011 vintage was tricky indeed, with a wet spring and summer. The summer growing season was unseasonably cool. Unwelcome rains returned late in the harvest.
5%Petit Verdot and 4% Malbec.
Grapes for this Bordeaux-style blend come from red, iron-rich soil. The vines are more than 20 years old and The Mariner spends 20 months in French Oak. It has sleek, integrated tannins.
We decanted this wine, although not for a long time (we couldn't wait) and it has a silky and full-bodied texture on the palate. The wine is lively with bright red fruit flavors riffled with plum and raspberry flavors. As we savored the wine, subtle spice flavors surfaced as well.
The Mariner retails for $45 and is a solid value at that price. It is a great example of how the blend can elevate a wine above one produced from a single grape variety. Our recommendation: Full speed ahead with The Mariner.


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Albert Friedrich Frey-Wyssling, geborener Albert Frey, (* 8. November 1900 in Küsnacht; † 30. August 1988 in Meilen) war ein Schweizer Botaniker.

Biografie
Frey-Wyssling stammte aus einer Lehrerfamilie und studierte nach dem Besuch des Realgymnasiums in Zürich ab 1919 Naturwissenschaften und speziell Botanik an der ETH Zürich. 1924 wurde er mit einer Dissertation aus der Pflanzenphysiologie in Zürich promoviert (Calciumoxalat-Monohydrat und -Trihydrat in der Pflanze: eine physiologische Studie auf Grund der Phasenlehre). Er war ab 1923 Assistent an der ETH und in dieser Zeit zu Forschungsaufenthalten in Jena (bei Hermann Ambronn und an der Sorbonne) und ab 1927 Privatdozent, ging dann aber 1928 vier Jahre aus finanziellen Gründen an ein privates holländisches Kautschuk-Forschungsinstitut (AVROS) in Medan auf  Sumatra. 1932 kehrte er an die ETH Zürich zurück und wurde 1938 Nachfolger seines Lehrers Paul Jaccard als ordentlicher Professor für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie. 1957 wurde er in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences gewählt. 1957 bis 1961 war er Rektor der ETH Zürich. 1970 ging er in den Ruhestand. Im selben Jahr wurde er in die National Academy of Sciences gewählt.

Frey-Wyssling war ein Pionier in der Erforschung der submikroskopischen Zellstruktur von Pflanzen und der Feinstruktur von deren Zellwänden, womit er noch vor der Einführung des Elektronenmikroskops (und der Ultrazentrifuge) in die Biologie begann. Dabei bediente er sich Techniken der Polarisationsmikroskopie und der Röntgenkristallographie. Erst 1944 wurde an seinem Institut ein Elektronenmikroskop eingeführt, dass ihm (und Kurt Mühlethaler (1919–2002)) die Bestätigung seiner vorher indirekt erhaltenen Erkenntnisse über den Feinaufbau von Zellen ermöglichte. Frey-Wyssling gilt damit auch als Pionier der Molekularbiologie.

Er ist auch für Beiträge zur Kautschukbildung und allgemein zur Stoffausscheidung höherer Pflanzen aus seiner Zeit in Sumatra bekannt. Er war Berater der Schweizer Tabakpflanzer. Sein ursprünglicher Name lautete Frey, den Namenszusatz Frey-Wyssling nahm er 1928 nach der Heirat mit Margrit Wyssling an. Er war Bürger von Olten und ab 1928 von Küsnacht.

Frey-Wyssling war seit 1957 auswärtiges Mitglied der Royal Society. 1941 wurde er Mitglied und 1977 Ehrenmitglied der Leopoldina. 1963 wurde er Ehrenmitglied (Honorary Fellow) der Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1949 erhielt er den Marcel-Benoist-Preis und 1958 die Schleiden-Medaille. Er war fünffacher Ehrendoktor.

Schriften
 mit Hermann Ambronn: Das Polarisationsmikroskop: seine Anwendung in der Kolloidforschung und in der Färberei. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1926.
 Die Stoffausscheidung der höheren Pflanzen. Berlin: Springer 1935.
 Submikroskopische Morphologie des Protoplasmas und seiner Derivate. Berlin: Borntraeger 1938.
 Stoffwechsel der Pflanzen. 2. Auflage, Zürich: Büchergilde Gutenberg 1949.
 Submicroscopic morphology of protoplasm. 2nd engl. ed., Amsterdam Houston: Elsevier 1953.
 Die submikroskopische Struktur des Cytoplasmas. Wien: Springer 1955.
 Die pflanzliche Zellwand. Berlin: Springer 1959.
 The plant cell-wall, Third completely revised ed. (Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, Band 3, Teil 4). Berlin: Borntraeger 1976.
 mit Mühlethaler: Ultrastructural plant cytology : with an introduction to molecular biology. Amsterdam Houston: Elsevier 1965.
 Comparative organellography of the cytoplasm. (Protoplasmalogia, Band 3) Wien: Springer 1973.
 Lehre und Forschung. Autobiographische Erinnerungen. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft 1984.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Zum 80. Geburtstag, Naturforschende Gesellschaft Zürich, pdf
 ETH-Bibliothek zu Forschungsreisen von Frey-Wyssling in Sumatra 1928 bis 1931

Einzelnachweise

Botaniker (20. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied der Leopoldina (20. Jahrhundert)
Ehrenmitglied der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences
Auswärtiges Mitglied der Royal Society
Mitglied der Royal Society of Edinburgh
Hochschullehrer (ETH Zürich)
Schweizer
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1988
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Donde Quake 2?
Archiving the history of the video game Quake 2 — created by id Software, modded by the Quake 2 community.
TastySpleen.net
QuakeCast
Q2servers.com
Arsonists: A Quake 2 Clan
On March 24, 2018 March 11, 2020 By DondeIn Community, Quake 2 art, The Quake 2 community
https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://arsonists.org:80/index2.html
Arsonists Skins Gallery
https://web.archive.org/web/20020608220516fw_/http://arsonists.org:80/gallery.html
Arsonists Members and How We Operate
https://web.archive.org/web/20020511222628fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/operate.html
Omega Squad
https://web.archive.org/web/20020710211548/http://www.arsonists.org:80/omega.html
Delta Squad
https://web.archive.org/web/20020923125115/http://arsonists.org:80/delta.html
Alpha Squad
https://web.archive.org/web/20020609022029/http://www.arsonists.org:80/alpha.html
Arsonists News
https://web.archive.org/web/20020608223045fw_/http://arsonists.org:80/news.html
Arsonists Humor
Top 10 excuses for HPB's who wore out the excuse "I WAS LAGGED!!" by Nacho [AR] "I would like to thank all the whiney lagged people."
10. Hey, I was typing.
9. Huh? It was the servers fault.
8. I was lagged!!
7. I'm just having a bad day.
6. It was the maps fault.
5. My computer locked up for a min.
4. My mouse won't aim.
3. When Animals Attack XV just came on & I was distracted.
2.He's only good cause he was on a 33.6.
1. I was lagged!!!
What People Think About While Ducking by Nacho [AR] & Riptide [AR]
I'm invincible, but I'm getting killed quickly.
Hey, I'm moving really really slowly.
I'm getting killed, but my view is lower than the standard view.
I can't jump or run. I have a better chance of getting hit in the head by a rocket!
Mabe they can't shoot me while I slowly inch along the ground.
Cool, I just let that guy jump on my head & rocket jump off of it.
Doing great, my frag count is at 2 & still rising by 1 every five minutes.
How do those people hit me, I'm……INVISIBLE!!!!!!!
What's up with those hopping people whom I can't seem to shoot?
I would stand, but my finger is stuck to the crouch button.
I like people standing on my head.
I like to look at Quake engine crotches.
Hey, I swim like a rock in water.
I just wanna squirm away from that BFG.
https://web.archive.org/web/20010902204225fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/humor.html
Arsonists Records
https://web.archive.org/web/20010902141029fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/records.html
Arsonists IRC
https://web.archive.org/web/20010902205150fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/irc.html
Arsonists Servers
https://web.archive.org/web/20010902142549fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/servers.html
Challenge Us
https://web.archive.org/web/20010509091933fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/challengeus.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20020608221859/http://www.arsonists.org:80/links.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20010522040514fw_/http://www.arsonists.org:80/join.html
Alpha squadArsonistsArsonists clanartistAtomic PunksBansheeBFGclan Pissed Off KlingonsClan skincustom fontcustom skinDelta squadDionysiusduckingEvil IncarnatefantaZiaFragging Under the InfluenceFUIgalleryhpbHumorIRCJulesLagLaggedlpbMaster Gibb$NachoOmega squadOrder of the Shadow MonksPhase 2Ping classPlanetQuakequake 2 clanQuake 2 skinQuake artQuake HumorRazorrecruitRiptideSoulBlazerTech WarriorsTheHungerTiKKiTop 10Top 10 listtop tenTop ten listwhineyXolo[AR]
GRAZING AT THE SERVER FARM by Dennis Cass, SPIN Magazine, July 1999
Son of Magni: Quake 2 DM and CTF Maps
BaseQ2 — general, overlapping categories
Female Gamers
Quake 2 art
Collection of Quake 2 models and skins
Quake 2 history videos, by Arthur Mullen — aka Donde, Quake 2 archivist
Quake 2 maps and mappers
The mods of Quake 2
The Quake 2 community
View dondeq2's profile on Facebook
View dondeq2's profile on Twitter
View dondeq2's profile on Instagram
View UCubcFvyp8sAiHaSFZz_7s4Q's profile on YouTube
View dondeq2's profile on Twitch
QuakeCast #20: Donde — Quake 2 Archivist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import pyver

__version__, __version_info__ = pyver.get_version(pkg='datalake_api')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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You are here: Home / 2018 / March
North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation Approved as SBA Community Advantage Lender
March 29, 2018 /in Press Release /by Ryan Murphy
T he North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation (NCMDC) has been designated as a "SBA Community Advantage Lender," according to an announcement made today by Robert H. Nelson, Massachusetts District Director of the U.S. Small Business Administration. New England SBA Regional Administrator Wendell Davis and SBA MA District Director Nelson co-presented the designation to NCMDC President Roy Nascimento at a special event in Fitchburg.
US Representatives Nikki Tsongas and James McGovern; Massachusetts Asst. Secretary of Business Development and Trade Nam Pham; Fitchburg Mayor Stephen DiNatale; and numerous other business and community leaders also participated in the special event.
Established in the wake of the 2008 Financial Crisis, the Community Advantage Lender Program seeks to extend credit to small businesses in underserved communities. It accomplishes this by seeking out lenders with experience working with clients who fit this description and ensuring their loans. The SBA provides guarantees of 85% for loans up to $150,000 and 75% for loans above that and up to $250,000.
To qualify as participants, applicants to the program are required to fit at least one of four criteria. Among these are recognition by the US Treasury as a Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) and certification as an SBA approved microlender. Beyond that, participants are required to direct 60% of their Community Advantage backed loans to "underserved markets". These include neighborhoods identified by the census as boasting a median income at or below 80% of the area median income (AMI), businesses who primarily employ individuals from low to moderate income (LMI) households or census tracts, new businesses established within the last two years, and businesses qualified to participate in the SBA's Veterans Advantage Program.
Already a SBA certified microlender and federally recognized Community Development Financial Institution, the NCMDC provides gap financing and serves as a lender of last resort for small businesses and entrepreneurs throughout Central Massachusetts. In doing so, it has lent out roughly $6 million since its inception in 1996, leveraged an additional $21 million in private funds, and created nearly a thousand jobs. During a recent review of its portfolio, roughly half of its existing loans were found to be located in low to moderate income census tracts. "We are very excited and honored to have been selected as an SBA approved Community Advantage Lender," said Roy M. Nascimento, President & CEO of the North Central Massachusetts Chamber of Commerce and the North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation. "This new partnership with the SBA will go a long way in helping to support local small businesses and the economic growth of the region."
"The power of the Community Advantage Program is that it allows mission-based lenders like North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation — the ability to better meet the financing needs of the region's small business that grow and thrive beyond traditional microfinance levels," said Bob Nelson, SBA Massachusetts District Director. "This new status will allow NCMDC to leverage the guarantee of the Small Business Administration, which is typically 75% – 85% of the loan, up to $250,000 — to help more promising small businesses obtain the right amount of capital they need to start, grow and build vibrant business districts."
Among those speaking at Thursdays event were the region's two US representatives. Congratulating the NCMDC for their designation, Rep. Tsongas stated that "So much American innovation occurs within small businesses and the federal government must play a deliberate role in supporting small business growth." She went on to point out that "Partnerships between federal agencies and local organizations like the North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation are how the federal government can be a strategic partner."
Rep. McGovern likewise stated that "Keeping our economy strong starts with smart investments in local small businesses. North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation is playing a vital role in helping small businesses in our region get the support they need to succeed. Their work with small businesses in underserved communities is helping to break down barriers and open more doors for entrepreneurs from all backgrounds. I am proud to support NCMDC and look forward to seeing all the ways they help to expand opportunity and grow our economy for years to come."
Under this program, loans made by the NCMDC can be used for working capital, leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures and refinancing of business credit card debt. Eligible businesses include manufacturing, retail, wholesale and service businesses usually having five employees or less at the time of application and meeting the definition of small business. The interest rates are flexible, but generally close to the current fixed market rate.
https://www.choosenorthcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/Press-Conference-3.29.18.jpg 2268 4032 Ryan Murphy https://www.choosenorthcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/logo.png Ryan Murphy2018-03-29 12:46:172018-03-29 12:46:17North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation Approved as SBA Community Advantage Lender
North Central Massachusetts Development Corp Grants an Express Loan to Small Business in Acton
March 1, 2018 /in Press Release /by Ryan Murphy
The North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation (NCMDC) recently granted a $5,000 Express Loan to Jennifer Morales, owner of Genesis Coaching and Consulting located in Acton. Genesis is a coaching and consulting private practice for educational, career, and wellness goals with a special focus on those living with a mental illness, their family member, and first generation college students. Dr. Jennifer Morazes has been coaching and mentoring students for 20 years and recently opened her own business which is located at 282 Central Street, Acton, MA. This loan will assist with the purchase with start-up costs associated with starting this new business. The loan was a referral from Commerce Bank. For more information visit www.genesistimetobegin.com
As a microloan lender, the North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation (NCMDC) can provide loans to start up and emerging small businesses up to $150,000 for working capital, equipment, inventory, expansion and can work with our banking partners to provide gap financing for the final piece of a project. NCMDCs Express Loan program is a $5,000 microloan that offers a quick and easy turnaround for access to capital. Express Loan clients must have been in business for a minimum of one year.
The North Central Massachusetts Development Corporation (NCMDC) is a non-profit economic development corporation with the mission of creating jobs and improving the economy. NCMDC is certified by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), and the U.S. Department of the Treasury under the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Program. The NCMDC works in partnership with local banks, credit unions, chambers of commerce and area nonprofits to support emerging microenterprises, small businesses, and community projects in 76 communities in Worcester, Middlesex and Franklin Counties with loans and business assistance. Since 1996, the NCMDC has granted over $6,000,000 in loans to small businesses to help grow jobs and the economy in the region
For more information about the NCMDC loan programs, please call 978.353.7607.
https://www.choosenorthcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/logo.png 0 0 Ryan Murphy https://www.choosenorthcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/logo.png Ryan Murphy2018-03-01 13:42:262018-03-01 13:42:26North Central Massachusetts Development Corp Grants an Express Loan to Small Business in Acton


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Recap—Creativity and Neuroscience: Movement and Mind
edge-neuroart	Uncategorized	 July 8, 2020 July 28, 2020
In April, we hosted our first Creativity and Neuroscience online workshop on "Movement and Mind". (Also, it was our one year workshop-anniversary!) For this workshop we invited performance artist, dancer, dance movement therapist, movement director, and body researcher Sophie Mars. The workshop included a mix of lecture, poetry, physical examples, as well as, references to scientific (neuroscience) studies and literature on dance therapy and movement. Sophie kindly put together an overview of the concepts and studies she touched upon in our workshop and further thoughts, theories and literature for our blog:
Keywords: attunement, kinesthetic empathy, extended body, mirroring, dance movement therapy, embodied cognition, embodied virtuality, collective movement
I am a dance movement therapist, dance artist and body researcher. I have always been interested in the body and in the relationship between the body and the virtual space. I believe in the potential of combining the benefits of virtuality with the body, but acknowledge that it requires an observant renegotiating as well as conscious and careful understanding of both. Especially during COVID—19, I am interested in examining how this situation is affecting the body. I believe that movement and moving together can be one of the keys to keeping the virtual experience just as 'alive' and allowing us to experience equal amounts of connection, and I see this situation as an opportunity enabling us to connect and move with far more people than usual, with the potential of extending our experience of empathy and connection.
Dance Therapy History
The official definition of dance therapy according to the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) "is the psychotherapeutic use of movement for promoting the emotional, physical, social, integration of the individual for the purpose of promoting health and well-being". The European Association includes "spiritual" in this list.
The idea of dance as healing art goes way back, probably as old as we are. We have always used dance to heal in ancient traditions, and many cultures and tribes still do so today. This blog provides a brief timeline of the official history of dance movement therapy. Not included in this list is the influence that modern dance (and dancers such as Mary Wigman and Isadora Duncan and their shift to more expressive, improvised movements showing their inner emotional state) had on dance movement therapy.
There is more qualitative than quantitative research in dance therapy, though in recent years and evidence-based quantitative research has been getting stronger. For example, this recent meta-analysis describes the effects of dance movement therapy. The study concluded that they "found empirical evidence that DMT (dance movement therapy) […] improved affect-related psychological conditions by decreasing anxiety and depression levels, and increased quality of life and cognitive skills", in addition to asserting long-term effects.
Other benefits of dance therapy include stress reduction, disease prevention, mood management, emotional regulation, self-discovery and understanding, understanding of behavioral patterns, strengthening resources and self-expression and interpersonal skills, an increase in levels of serotonin, and the development of new neural connections, especially in regions involved in executive function, long-term memory and spatial recognition and many more.
Principles of DMT: Attunement and Mirroring
One fundamental principles of dance therapy includes "Attunement" which was further defined by Judith Kestenberg. For a simplified summary of attunement see this article. For some of the original work on attunement in dance therapy see this article. The second principle of dance therapy includes "Mirroring", on which more detailed information can be found here.
Mirroring is also a concept that is subject in cognitive neuroscience and empathy research. The simulation of action through mirror neurons allows us to understand the actions of others and have empathic engagements. Some research also reported that the mirror neurons play a role in the appreciation of art as well as express differences between dancers' and non-dancers' perception of dance. As an example, in a study by Calvo-Merino and colleagues (2005), professional ballet and Capoeira dancers (and some non-dancing control individuals) were put into an fMRI brain scanner. Then, the researchers showed all participant groups videos of both ballet and Capoeira dance movements. What did they find? The researchers found differences in brain activation when the dancers watched movements from their own style of dance compared to when they watched similar movements from the other dance style. When the dancers watched movement from their own areas of expertise, for example, ballet dancers watching ballet videos, the areas of their brains associated with planning and making movements were substantially more active. In addition to that, experts showed more sensorimotor brain activity than non-experts. This finding suggests, that expert dancers see dance differently from non-experts. What can this conclude? First, watching dance activated the same brain areas as when performing dance movements. Secondly, dancers perceived the dance movements by activating the movement planning and control portions of their brains. One could say that although their feet were still, their brains were dancing. This simulation of movement through the "mirror system" integrates observed actions of others with the personal motor repertoire.
Contemporary Embodiment and Philosophy Theories Relating to Virtual Space
Thomas Fuchs is a professor of philosophy and psychiatry. His research areas lie at the intersection of phenomenology, psychopathology and cognitive neuroscience, with a main emphasis on embodiment, enactivism, temporality, and intersubjectivity. His research shows "evidence in cross-temporal studies for a significant decline in empathic abilities since the beginning of this century." Also, "one of the possible contributing factors could well be the rise of virtual relations and fictional empathy which occurs at the price of a diminishment of embodied communicative skills and primary empathic abilities." (Fuchs, 2014). I therefore suggest a more embodied and conscious use of 'virtual reality' such as we experimented with in the workshop in which we moved together in different exercises and different ways.
Thomas Fuchs also coined the term "extended body", meaning that "in mutual incorporation and resonance, both agents form an extended body. "This process has been described at the systems level as the interaction gaining autonomy of its own, or participatory sense-making" (Fuchs, 2017). This extended body can even develop its own history – the idea that you create a movement language that exists beyond both identities when moving with another, even in body language. My question is – what is the online extended body? How are we creating a new way of being together?
Situated Cognition
According to theories of situation cognition referenced in a paper written by Musetti and Coriano in 2018, "cognition is embodied, embedded, extended and distributed or collective." "These theories reconceptualise cognition, instead of the classical, individualistic, intra-brain conception of cognition, these theories take into account the relationships among the brain, the body and the environment, to determine the functional products of the mind. Thanks to the internet's development (in terms of apps, devices, social platforms) it can be seen as the principal structure of this embodied[…]" Musetti and Coriano also mention the fact that a large amount of geographically separated individuals can think of an issue at the same time. This shows that collective efforts and collective decision making online are examples of new cognition.
I think that the internet opens up another dimension for dance therapy. Since digital dance therapy can reach far more people, I believe that using the internet and technology in a conscious and embodied way can enable us as a global society to become a more interconnected empathetic network.
I currently offer individual and group online sessions. Message me for more information, to join or to try a taster session.
Our paypal moneypool for donations.
For further questions or to get in touch with Sophie:
website: sophiemars.com
email: sophiemars.art@gmail.com
instagram: @sophiemars_
References and further reading:
Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P. (2005). Action observation and acquired motor skills: An fMRI study with expert dancers. Cerebral Cortex, 15(8), 1243–1249.
Cowart, M., Embodied cognition, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://www.iep.utm.edu/embodcog/
Freedberg, D., & Gallese, V. (2007). Motion, emotion and empathy in esthetic experience. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(5), 197–203.
Fuchs, T.. (2014). The virtual other. Empathy in the age of virtuality. Journal of Consciousness Studies 21(5–6), 152–173.
Fuchs, T. (2017). Collective body memories, in Durt, C., Fuchs, T. & Tewes, C. (eds.) Embodiment, Enaction, and Culture, pp. 333–352, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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Published July 8, 2020 July 28, 2020
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If given the choice, would you rather die too soon, or live too long? Well, I'm sure you'd choose the second option, unless you're missing a few screws in your head.
Indeed, everyone wants to live a long and happy life. However, it's a fact that nobody really knows when they'll die.
And if we are to believe our country's demographics, then the most we can hope for is live past the life expectancy in the Philippines, which is 71.66 years.
Interestingly, it's been also found that Filipino men have a life expectancy of 68.72 years; while Filipina women are at 74.74 years.
Again, if we are to believe these demographics, then husbands (who are usually the providers) will have to make sure that their wives can live comfortably for about another six years after they die.
Of course, family roles are changing and both men and women, husbands and wives – are now equally empowered to be providers.
Alongside this change are improvements in science and health, whose advances have extended our life expectancy over the years – which means we can expect to live longer and healthier as the decades come.
So what do these statistics tell about our topic for today? Simply put, it's all about being financially prepared for whatever may happen to us.
As I've said, nobody really knows when they'll die, because that 71.66 years is just an average figure – which means some will die before they reach that age (knock on wood), while some will fortunately live way past beyond that number.
How do you make sure that the financial needs of your loved ones will be taken cared of when you suddenly pass away?
The easiest solution is to have life insurance.
Building wealth takes time, while getting a life insurance policy only takes minutes.
When you do the second option, you immediately protect the financial future of your loved ones if any untoward incident happens to you.
On the other end of the spectrum, how do you make sure that you'll have enough money to spend if you manage to live beyond expectations.
In this case, the easiest solution is to have investments.
You can't tell yourself, "I'll just save enough money so I can live comfortably until I'm 70 years old," because what if you live until 80 years old? Are you going to spend the last 10 years of your life in poverty?
By having investments, you create for yourself a surplus of money and income that will sustain you, and even your next generation.
The income protection that a life insurance brings, plus the passive income that investments generate ensure that our financial future is well-accounted for.
The first option is to get life insurance and investments separately. You'll be dealing with two offices though. One for the life insurance, and the other for the investments.
However, this is the more affordable option compared to the second choice, which is getting a product that act as both insurance and an investment.
This second option will be more expensive, but it does offer the convenience of just dealing with one account. And the product involved here is a Variable Universal Life Insurance, or simply VUL.
A VUL is a type of permanent life insurance that pays the death benefit to your beneficiary when you "die too soon", but also generates income and builds on cash value like an investment which you will receive if you "live too long".
An investment, life insurance, and healthcare – rolled into one.
Kaiser International Health Group Inc. is a Securities and Exchange Commission registered, and Philippine Department of Health approved company which provides health care to Filipinos, both here and abroad.
But unlike your traditional HMO (health maintenance organization), they provide a long-term health care product called the Kaiser Premium Health Builder.
This is a VUL-similar product that goes beyond providing life insurance and investment because it gives you the added benefit of having long-term healthcare.
The subtitle of this section says it all – it's a life insurance product, that also builds on its cash value like an investment, which will generate passive income for you in the future.
But beyond the typical benefits of your traditional VUL such as life insurance and investments – it's also a health savings account that offers health care benefits similar to an HMO.
If you're interested to learn more about this product. You can check out the company's official website here, especially this page.
Furthermore, you should also attend the FREE Money Seminars at the IMG Wealth Academy to further enhance your financial literacy.
Demographics of the Philippines. Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia. 27 October 2012.
Disclosure: International Marketing Group is a blog partner of this website.
1. Please discuss topics about EDUPLANS.
– want to know which of them can act as an investment, insurance at the same time.
2. I have acquire some eduplans (Ayala Life) and already finished paying just waiting for its maturity. They say I can loan some amount, will it be advisable if i did loan and invest it in UITFs.
3. They also said if I can't wait for its maturity I can take back the capital plus some interest it acquired. If I take it and invest it in mutual funds will it be more profitable?
I'm thinking since it will still take some time to mature (10yrs) might as well invest it in another instrument which will provide higher yields. Besides I heard that some people had a hard time claiming their policy when in it matured and I hope the CAP eduplan tragedy does not happen again.
Because I watched the movies Girl with dragon tattoo, and formula 51, which converted cash to Bonds and vice versa, they also say its more safe and valuable than cash money… the villains demanded bonds instead of money ????
Thank you and hope for you support.
Thank you for the info Sir Fitz. I've been looking for a good health insurance aside from Philhealth. I've been offered AXA life insurance with the bundle of an investment fund..something to that effect. Kaiser looks promising so I'll be checking them out. But do you have any insights about AXA?
I've also attended Free Money Seminars by IMG. They are really good and they provide valuable insights. Of course, when I attended, I was encouraged to join. I was a bit skeptical though about their networking part but I believe in the products they offered.
What about you? Did you get to the part where they told you how to earn money through IMG?
I've been offered AXA insurances as well. And from the discussion given by Fitz, it seems that they are a VUL. But I am also interested in the type Kaiser offers.
I was also invited to join IMG. The initial pitch was very enticing. They have valid points when it comes to the importance of financial planning. But I got turned off because I realized that it's really networking. Also, I find the figures published in the Kaiser schedule of premiums TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE. I only found this out after I paid the P3900 membership+ID fee. I am not very confident that the company would be able to deliver the figures on the Kaiser premium booklet.
Bottom line, I do not believe in Kaiser. Better get yourself a plan from an established insurance company.
Thanks for sharing this info. Another good instrument to be considered.
I always prefer insurance and investment to be separate and not rolled into one. The reason?
1. Insurance + Investment are expensive. They charges alot of money for they will be the one who will do the investing for you. You will actually paying their services for doing active investing.This products also tends to have higher premium so be very very aware.
2. Whatever your paying, they will not 100% invest, atleast they will only tell you that certain percentages will be invested that you will get benefit from. Talo ka rito kasi kung investment tlaga ang pakay mo, i rather to have my money fully investment, rather than none or small portion.
3. You can buy term insurance for cheaper price. I have a term insurance that i pay 10 times cheaper than insurance with investment. For sure you could get cheaper term insurance for the same coverage at a cheaper price.
4. You can invest in funds and have the ability to choose where do you want to put your money, what's the percentage you want to allocate and have to freedom to control your risk. Sa insurance + investment, WLA KANG CHOICE.
why worry about what to eat, what to wear? tomorrow has its own troubles. the important thing is live in the moment.
Is the company also regulated by the Insurance Commission or by SEC only? For insurance products, I think it is better to get one to a company under the eyes of Insurance Commission. The IC has been great in its job to secure the interest of the public because no insurance company has ever closed down in Philippine history.
I'll look into educational plans and will write about that topic soon. Thanks for the suggestion.
As for your question, if the interest on the loan is lower than the conservative potential income of the UITF you're planning to invest in, then that might be a good idea. If not, then don't loan from it.
Moreover, what was your objective when you acquired the eduplan? Is it for the education of your child or as an investment? If it's for your child's education, then just let it mature there. If not, then you can take it out and invest it in other instruments which can earn more.
There's no way of telling if mutual funds will be more profitable. It depends on which MF you put it in, and the length of your investment horizon.
The assumption here is that the company from where you bought your eduplan is reliable, efficient and trustworthy as per your belief. Do your due diligence, be objective in your study, and decide on whatever your instincts tell you.
Lastly, bonds, in simple terms, are "promissory notes of payment". They are issued by companies, and more commonly, governments.
If you invest in a Philippine government bond, for example, the "paper" will tell you that the Philippine government owes you money and will pay you with interest after a certain number of years.
Government bonds are considered low-to-moderate risk investments because when the time comes that you need to redeem them, the government can just "print money" to pay you – unlike companies which should have funds to pay you.
Many movies convert cash to bonds because it's less bulky to keep. One paper bond can be worth $100,000. Imagine safekeeping (or transporting) $10M worth of money, versus just 100 pieces of "bond paper" (pun intended).
I'll surely write an article about this too, but I hope my short explanation is satisfactory for now.
Unfortunately, I don't have any insights about AXA, but I'll try to look into it and likewise ask some friends about it.
From the couple of months that I've been with IMG, I've observed that there are three stages of being a member there.
First, you join because you want to increase your financial literacy. This is where I am now, I am attending their seminars and want to complete all their 31 modules.
Second, since you will learn a lot about investments through their seminars, you would then become an investor and take advantage of your free access to their partner companies and their investment products.
And third, after experiencing the benefits of financial education, and seeing your money grow through your investments, you would then want to share it to your family and friends. And this is where the networking business will come in.
The important thing to remember here is that you are NOT REQUIRED to do the networking business. I've met people who joined IMG simply because they wanted to attend the seminars; there are also others who just want to gain access to the investments they offer.
Those who do the networking business aspect of IMG, are simply those who saw that there is an opportunity to earn from the knowledge that they are getting – and decided that they would like to pursue it. If it's not your cup of tea, then no one should force you to do it.
Personally, I'm too busy to do the networking part, and just enjoying learning from the seminars (for now) – and as you can see from above, the lessons there can make for good articles here in my blog. But of course, I have to credit them for it because that's where I learned it.
On the investing part, I'm just glad that Philequity and DMCI are their partner – that will save me a lot of time and effort contacting them individually… as both are in my future investment plans. With regards to Kaiser, I already bought a plan (just the minimum) – as part of my investment portfolio diversification.
Thanks for the insight. Indeed, some of the people there are "too eager" to sell the networking side of the business. I've already told them that it's a major turn off because I believe IMG should be more than that.
As I've said to Ellieca above, doing the networking part is completely optional and one can just join for the financial education – which is what I'm just doing there.
Moreover, indeed, it's always a valid concern if a company would be able to deliver their promises because after all, it's still a business that can either grow big, or go under.
Kodak, Banco Filipino, Lehman Brothers Holdings, Prudential Life Plans Inc. – these are all big companies (both local and global) which went bankrupt. Ten years ago, no one could have predicted that they would close down.
That's why my advise is to always diversify to spread your risk. I actually already have a health insurance and a life insurance – but still decided to get Kaiser. Why? Because as I've said to Ellieca above, I believe that Kaiser can be a good addition to my portfolio.
That's right! Insurance plans with investment features are usually more expensive than basic term insurance plans. And there are investments that can give higher potential yields.
If your investment fund is limited, I would actually suggest that you simply get a term insurance plan for your protection. And just invest in better yielding "standalone" investment products.
However, as your investment fund grows – so is the need to diversify your portfolio. And VULs and other products like Kaiser Premium Wealth Builder, now become good options as "secondary-tier" investments.
Thanks for sharing those facts. I'll be sure to write a separate post regarding the difference between term insurance and VUL's.
To my knowledge, Kaiser is regulated just by the SEC. Actually, Kaiser is not a life insurance company, it's an HMO. And IMG is a distributor of Kaiser, not its owner. HMOs are not under the supervision of the Insurance Commission. FYI.
In any case, IMG is also partnered with United Coconut Planters Life Assurance Corporation (Cocolife), which is a company regulated by the Insurance Commission – so you can get your insurance from them instead of Kaiser.
I showcased Kaiser in this post because I found it interesting that it's the only long-term health insurance in the country.
Lastly, thanks for the input. It's great advise for people who are looking into buying life insurance to look into the companies being regulated by the IC.
Term Insurance is the best choice to protect the "Die Too Soon" scenario.
But if you want to protect the "Live Too Long"…Kaiser will be the best answer. Why? With Kaiser you are building your Long-term Healthfund. At 60, we are retired and our cash flow might be tight, and at 60 – sickness will start to strike.
With your Kaiser Healthfund, you'll have the peace of mind when this comes. You don't need to immediately withdraw from your Mutual Funds or sell your properties, what if you got sick while it's Economic Crisis? And you don't have the healthfund? You will be forced to withdraw from your Mutual Funds even the NAVPS is not favorable.
Thanks Mr. Fitz for sharing this article. And I would like to ask a permission from you if I could share this article to my friends over a classroom lecture.
I also have a Kaiser Healthcare plan. Why did i get it? Because I have been exposed to having a health card such as Aetna and Maxicare from my previous companies in the Phils and now my company here in SG has also provided the same. Apart from it is convenient to use, it come with a certain security that you have something to use – no cash required. The peace of mind and comfort to be able to afford to go to good hospitals such as Makati Med, St. Lukes and the likes. On other side I also felt the need to have one not for myself but for my younger sister when she had an accident that we all thought it is something critical that we were so worried that we all wanted her to be immediately checked by the doctor but the hospital employees wouldnt do the procedure just yet because you need to pay the deposit first and it will be a delay if I wasnt able to shell out 10K. Anyways so much with that experience.
Hi Fitz. You know, I've been really curious (as well as cautious) of Kaiser Health Group. I've joined IMG so I'm fairly informed about Kaiser but I also decided to do research on my own. Why did I do this?
2. Kaiser has only been incorporated last 2004, a little too new for me. If people bought their product at that time, it would have taken (if I remember correctly), 15 years to mature. Therefore, I don't think anyone has claimed their investments yet from Kaiser, or made use of the healthcare at their old age. If you or anyone else has actually benefited from Kaiser, I would love to hear about it.
3. When I talked to my friend who introduced me to IMG, he couldn't give a clear picture of how Kaiser invests and grows the premium that I will be paying. Will it be invested in equities, bonds, treasury bills? I wanted to know how they can promise an investment with a fixed rate of return per year and how safe my investment will be. I kinda can't help but think about CAP.
4. And frankly, I've never heard of Kaiser until I set foot in the IMG office. There is almost zero information about them from the internet aside from their own website. They are not affliated with Kaiser Permanente but the names are suspiciously similar.
I'm still looking for a good Healthcare plan to buy for myself and my family, preferably a long term one that provides healthcare past age 60, like Kaiser does, but until I'm confident in the company, I think I'm going to have to wait and do more research first.
I'd love to hear your thoughts about this, Fitz. Thanks.
We have the same feeling about this company. I also prepare insurance and investment to be separate rather than it be rolled into one. It's better to pay for term insurance and then the rest of your money be use to fund an emergency fund (if you havent fully fund it, for emergency happens!), paying off debt (if your still not yet debt free) and retirement. I myself have term insurance for myself and my wife which is so cheap, I'm debt free, and putting atleast 30% of my gross income into retirement. I'm 33 years old and I hope my saving for another 27 or so years would be enough to ensure me for any storm that would hurt my financial well being.
I guess the question now is what is the cheapest term insurance available now in the Philippines with the reasonable coverage. I'm currently an OFW here in Singapore and I pay S$40/month (Php 1,320) for a S$200,000 coverage(Php 6,600,000). I would like to recommend to my friends in Manila a good term insurance in the Philippines that is hopefully cheap but with good coverage. I hope that there are more companies who can beat Singapore's insurance price range.
Thank you for the questions, they are all valid concerns.
Personally, I consider Kaiser as a VUL product in the long term horizon. Primarily because their offer is very similar to VUL products being offered by other life insurance companies.
Moreover, yes it takes 15 years total for the product to mature, and it is indeed a concern if they'd be able to fulfill their obligations when time comes.
But having the medical benefits (health insurance part of the product) during those 15 years is enough to convince me to take that risk, and see what happens.
With regards to people who actually benefited from them, I think the best source (for now) is their testimonials page.
Furthermore, I believe your friend misunderstood how Kaiser works because as it was explained to me, they don't promise a fixed rate of return and the tables they have only shows "potential" earnings for 10% pa return. It is stipulated there that actual annual increments will be based on prevailing market rates.
Also, I remember asking my IMG recruiter where they are investing the premiums to which he said he'll get back to me on the question. Thanks for reminding me, I'll ask him again.
Interestingly, I likewise never heard of Kaiser until I met IMG, so that also raised some concerns on my part. My initial online searches then led me to Kaiser Permanente, which encouraged me to do a fair amount of due diligence.
In the end, I did not find any connection between the two companies.
So I guess the question now is, why did I join IMG and why did I get a Kaiser Premium Health Builder.
First, deciding to join IMG was an easy decision because I wanted to attend all their seminars. P3,700 is very cheap considering the amount of knowledge you can get from their talks, specially when they hold special sessions and invite financial experts to their office.
Meeting people whom I can network professionally with is the icing on top of that benefit.
Now, why did I get Kaiser? Well, because I already have term life insurance, short-term health insurance and various types of investments in stocks and funds.
Having done that allowed me to explore other types of "second-tier investments" such as VULs. I was actually considering getting one from Philam, but then I met IMG and thought Kaiser was a better fit for my objectives.
I also tried to look for similar products in the Philippine market, and unfortunately, it is only Kaiser that offers long-term health insurance. But if ever you do find one, please share it here so I can look at that as well.
In any case, I only availed the K-50 plan of Kaiser, primarily because that's what I'm comfortable to invest with them – a sum which I can accept losing if ever they fold as a company in the future.
To many, that is a very risky move – but for me, it was something I can afford to take.
In the end, I guess it's a matter of perspective, and one's emotional risk tolerance.
So where does this all bring us?
My personal advise. Get a term-life insurance (die too soon), and invest in high-growth funds such as equities and stocks (live too long).
After that, you can start investing in VULs and other "second-tier" products such as Kaiser, to diversify your portfolio.
I guess that's it. I hope I was able to clarify some of your concerns.
Hi Jonathan, thanks for the suggestion. I'll do some research on term life insurance in the Philippines.
Thanks for your comments Fitz.
Yes, the medical benefit is very tempting and is the sole reason why I am even considering their product in the first place.
The testimonials in their website, unfortunately, only pertain to insurance in case of accidental death. There was no mention of actual heath care provided, but I guess this is because nobody's plan has matured yet given their 2004 incorporation date that I already mentioned.
If you could post your recruiter's answer regarding the premiums, it would be highly appreciated.
Ah, so you did not avail of their bigger plans. Then at least that confirms that I may not be the only one overly cautious about the company. Though I agree with you that if Kaiser does not close down, their products would probably be one of the best out there, I still believe that I would rather have peace of mind than make a gamble right now for something that may prove crucial in the future.
For things like long term healthcare, I think the best course of action is to stick with tried and true companies that are still standing despite the ups and downs of our economy and the volatility of the insurance/healthcare sector.
As for your personal advise, I already have both term insurance and several growth funds that I hope I won't touch until I retire. =) So basically, I'm already looking at 2nd tier investments.
When I get around to actually inquiring about various health care products in the Philippines, I'll be sure to let you know what I find.
Thanks again. It's always a pleasure to read your blog.
Hi Ysera, I've been able to talk to my recruiter and he says that the funds are being handled by a group of fund managers and a majority of it is invested into IMG investment partner products such as FAMI, PAMI and Philequity.
One of the fund managers is Mr. Rex Mendoza, who is interestingly the CEO and President of Philam Life, among other titles.
Honestly, I have high hopes for Kaiser because it's really a great and sustainable product on paper; unfortunately, without decades of performance, all we can do for now is give our trust that they'll fulfill their obligations in the coming years.
Thanks Fitz. That is good news, at least, if they're putting it in quality mutual funds. Is this "group of fund managers" listed anywhere? I can't seem to find the information on their site.
Is it a requirement to purchase a kaiser product when joining IMG? I would like to join for the seminars and other products, but not Kaiser. And it seems they're really pushing for us to purchase this.
No it is not a requirement. Have you talked to Dr. Jaime Lorenzo? Tell him I referred you, and advise him those intentions so he help you accordingly.
hi sir, i joined the first seminar at KINGS COURT..so far so good..id like to invest in mutual fund but same with Jessie, i do not like to push through on signing Kaiser..you said it isnt a reqt..so you mean, i can invest on mutual fund without Kaiser? tnx!
Hi tet. Yes it is not a requirement to invest. Kaiser is only required if you want to do the business and earn. Please talk to your MD about it.
Nice discussion. Almost into Kaiser. Just got this question from the points above. If Kaiser is not regulated by the IC, which government agency does the regulation / monitoring?
Next, Kaiser wealth builder… looks like a VUL but I believe from the points raised that this would not be the case since it's not life insurance per se.
Lastly, in case of death or for withdrawals from account values, are they tax free?
I have also doubts about this Kaiser. Are there any SOLID long term health care company available in the Philippines? thanks.


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text:
A brief history of hepatitis C: 1989 - 2022
Intro to hepatitis C
Other types of hepatitis
How hepatitis C transmission happens
Signs and symptoms of hepatitis C infection
Disclosure of hepatitis C infection
Hepatitis C: Prevention and harm reduction
Harm reduction and hepatitis C
Safer substance use and hepatitis C prevention
Preventing transmission of hepatitis C during sex
Preventing risks during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding related to hepatitis C
Hepatitis C: Testing
Understanding hepatitis C testing
How hepatitis C testing works: Diagnostic tests
Approaches to hepatitis C testing in Canada
Where hepatitis C testing takes place
Considerations for service providers
Hepatitis C: Treatment and liver health
Hepatitis C treatment
Liver health monitoring tests
Getting ready for hepatitis C treatment
Side effects of hepatitis C treatment
Hepatitis C viral load testing and cure
Hepatitis C treatment coverage
Cirrhosis and ongoing monitoring for liver cancer
Hepatitis C re-infection
Co-infections and co-morbidities with hepatitis C
Supporting people with hepatitis C treatment who are using drugs
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is discovered and is quickly established as the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis.
A hepatitis C screening test is developed. Blood banks across Canada begin screening blood donations for hepatitis C.
The first alpha interferon is approved for the treatment for hepatitis C.
Hepatitis C becomes a notifiable disease in Canada. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is removed from the list of notifiable diseases in 1999.
A more sensitive screening test is developed and used to screen blood donations for hepatitis C, effectively eliminating hepatitis C transmission through the blood supply in Canada. It is estimated that 90,000 to 160,000 Canadians contracted hepatitis C through infected blood or blood products between 1960 and 1992.
In response to growing concerns about the efficiency, effectiveness and safety of Canada's blood system, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Social Affairs, Seniors and the Status of Women form a subcommittee to report on the subject.
Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada (called the Krever Inquiry) begins.
The Hepatitis C Society of Canada (HeCSC) is founded by Dr. Alan T.R. Powell. The HeCSC is a national voluntary health organization whose mission is to fight hepatitis C through prevention, early detection, treatment and support. Over time, the HeCSC grows to around 40 chapters across Canada, offering support groups, local peer counseling, publications and seminars.
The Egyptian Ministry of Health estimates that 15 to 20 percent of Egyptians are infected with HCV. Similar to the experience of many countries including Italy, the Ministry links the epidemic to a nationwide vaccination campaign, during which needles were re-used. Egypt continues to report the highest hepatitis C rate in the world.
The final report from the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada is published.
The Canadian government agrees to offer financial assistance to Canadians infected with hepatitis C through the blood system between January 1, 1986, and July 1, 1990.
Health Canada holds a national consensus conference in Ottawa: Hepatitis C – Prevention and Control: a Public Health Consensus.
The Canadian government establishes the Enhanced Hepatitis Strain Surveillance System (EHSSS), a national initiative to investigate newly identified cases of HCV and acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) from participating sites.
Health Canada approves the first combination of alpha interferon and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C.
The Canadian government launches the Hepatitis C Prevention, Support and Research Program as part of its response to the report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada. Scheduled to finish in 2004, the program will go on to receive three separate one-year extensions before finally wrapping up in 2007.
The Atlantic Hepatitis C Coalition (now Hepatitis Outreach Society of Nova Scotia) is founded in Nova Scotia.
The Canadian Harm Reduction Network is formed.
The first glass stems are distributed as part of safer crack kits.
Pegylated interferon is developed for the treatment of hepatitis C.
The 1st Canadian Conference on Hepatitis C, organized by the Canadian Hemophilia Society, takes place in Montreal, Québec.
CATIE-News reports on the possible sexual transmission of hepatitis C among men who have sex with men. This controversial and initially discounted mode of transmission is now well-established.
Actress Pamela Anderson publicly announces that she has hepatitis C. She speaks openly about living with hepatitis C and kicks off a 2002 Canadian Liver Foundation (CLF) hepatitis campaign.
The Hepatitis C Council of BC (now the Pacific Hepatitis C Network) is founded in British Columbia.
The 1st National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Conference, hosted by NECHI Training, Research and Health Promotions Institute, takes place in Edmonton, Alberta.
Insite, North America's first supervised injection facility, opens its doors in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Canadian Public Health Association announces the establishment of the Canadian Hepatitis C Information Centre. The Centre is to be a multi-service information centre (online, in print and by telephone) that collects and circulates hepatitis C educational materials across the country.
The Centre Associatif Polyvalent d'Aide Hépatite C is founded in Québec.
The 2nd National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Conference, hosted by Chee Mamuk, takes place in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL) convenes a national consensus conference on the management of viral hepatitis.
The 5th edition of the Canadian AIDS Society's HIV Transmission: Guidelines for Assessing Risk includes a section on hepatitis C transmission. This addition is "acknowledging the many AIDS Service Organizations and front-line workers who have taken on the role of delivering HCV transmission information in the absence of an official strategy from Health Canada on coping with this second epidemic."
Hepatitis C virus transmission in the prison/inmate population is published in the Public Health Agency of Canada's (PHAC) Communicable Disease Report. It highlights a significant disproportionate hepatitis C prevalence rate among people in prison (between 19.2% and 39.8%) compared to the general population in Canada (approximately 0.8%).
The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC) establishes the Ontario Hepatitis C Secretariat to develop policies and programs that meet the needs of people with hepatitis C in that province.
The 2nd Canadian Conference on Hepatitis C is held in Vancouver, British Columbia.
A provincial committee on hepatitis C, the Comité de travail sur l'état de la situation sur l'hépatite C, is established in Québec.
Canada's hepatitis C community collaborates to publish Responding to the Epidemic: Recommendations for a Canadian Hepatitis C Strategy.
The 12th International Symposium on HCV & Related Viruses is held in Montreal, Quebec.
Correctional Service Canada (CSC) and PHAC collaborate in the development of the 'Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative' pilot project, launched in several men's federal institutions and one women's institution.
The 3rd National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Conference, hosted by All Nations Hope AIDS Network, takes place in Regina, Saskatchewan.
By 2006, prison needle exchange programs have been established or piloted in a number of countries around the world including Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Moldova, the Kyrgyz Republic, Armenia and Iran.
The Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative evaluation report prepared by CSC concludes, among other things, that "initial results of the initiative indicate potential to reduce harm, reduce exposure to health risk, and enhance the health and safety of staff members, inmates and the general public with higher risk groups." The initiative is canceled.
Commissioned by CSC, PHAC prepares a report of scientific and technical advice on the potential benefits and risks of prison needle exchange programs. The report concludes that, in other jurisdictions, these programs significantly reduce disease transmission and there is no evidence that they increase drug use or compromise institutional safety.
The World Hepatitis Alliance is founded.
The new National Anti-Drug Strategy is the first in many years to explicitly exclude funding for—or even any mention of—harm reduction measures, while adding significant new funding for additional efforts to enforce criminal laws on drugs.
The Pre-1986/Post-1990 Hepatitis C Class Action Settlement Agreement is approved by the courts. This is a compensation plan for people infected with hepatitis C through the blood system in Canada before 1986 or after 1990.
Without a commitment of funding for the next year, many hepatitis service organizations close their doors, including the Canadian Hepatitis C Information Centre and the Hepatitis C Society of Canada.
The 4th National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Conference, hosted by Akaitcho Territory Government, takes place in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.
CASL convenes a 2nd national consensus conference on the management of viral hepatitis.
The World Hepatitis Alliance launches the first World Hepatitis Day on May 19 with a campaign called Am I Number 12? This refers to the statistic that, worldwide, one in every 12 people is living with a form of viral hepatitis. A World Hepatitis Day in Canada planning committee is established under the leadership of CLF. Advocacy and awareness-raising activities are organized across Canada including the development of six Canadian government "Asks".
Canada's federal Minister of Health, Tony Clement, announces the renewal of the Hepatitis C Prevention, Support and Research Program with the commitment of ongoing funding, annually.
The Hepatitis C Research Initiative, a collaboration between PHAC and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), is announced for a seven year period, ending March 2015.
The Canadian Society of International Health (CSIH) signs a Contribution Agreement with PHAC to coordinate and implement a Global Hepatitis C Network. CSIH coordinates World Hepatitis Day activities in Canada.
The Canadian Coalition of Organizations Responding to Hepatitis B and C is formed to unite organizations and individuals to focus increased attention on these epidemics and to coordinate advocacy efforts.
CATIE receives federal funding to become the national source for hepatitis C information.
The Canadian government releases the document A Strategic Framework for Action outlining Canada's future directions, priorities and long term plan to address hepatitis C.
The 5th National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Conference, hosted by the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, takes place in Toronto, Ontario.
The Canadian Liver Foundation and the Canadian Ethnocultural Council release the report Engaging Ethnocultural Communities on Hepatitis C. This report describes how to engage in raising awareness about hepatitis C in ethnocultural communities.
The Vienna Declaration, a statement seeking to improve community health and safety by calling for the incorporation of scientific evidence into illicit drug policies, is launched at the 18th International AIDS Conference in Vienna, Austria.
The 63rd World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) passes a viral hepatitis resolution, recognizing, among other points, "the need to reduce incidence to prevent and control viral hepatitis, to increase access to correct diagnosis and to provide appropriate treatment programmes in all regions."
The WHO endorses July 28th as World Hepatitis Day, making it the fourth official global health awareness day, alongside HIV, malaria and tuberculosis.
The 1st Canadian HIV/HBV/HCV Co-infection Research Summit is held in Toronto, Ontario. It is organized by the Canadian Treatment Action Council (CTAC) in partnership with many national and community-based organizations.
Following many legal battles, the Supreme Court of Canada rules that Insite can continue to operate under a constitutional exception to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Since this ruling, discussions on supervised injection facilities have gained momentum in cities across the country.
Almost ten years after the last development in hepatitis C treatment, two new medications are approved for genotype 1 hepatitis C.
The MOHLTC establishes multidisciplinary treatment and support teams throughout the province to expand access to care and improve treatment outcomes.
Musicians Gregg Allman, Natalie Cole and Jon Secada turn up the volume around hepatitis C at Tune in to Hep C, a US-based public health campaign created to raise awareness about the virus.
On the occasion of World Hepatitis Day 2011, the Canadian Coalition of Organizations Responding to Hepatitis B and C releases a report card that, using the six Canadian "Asks," assesses provincial, territorial and federal government responses to hepatitis C.
The WHO sponsors its first official World Hepatitis Day with the theme, "This is Hepatitis … Know it. Confront it. Hepatitis affects everyone, everywhere." The WHO supports activities around the world through collaboration with civil society.
In response to the Resolution on Viral Hepatitis, the WHO establishes a Global Hepatitis Program.
CASL convenes a 3rd national consensus conference on the management of viral hepatitis.
PHAC releases the Hepatitis C in Canada: 2005-2010 Surveillance Report. This is the first comprehensive, national report on hepatitis C that summarizes the current data on infection and risk factors in Canada.
The 1st Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus is held in Montreal, Quebec.
The Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL) releases An Update on the Management of Chronic Hepatitis C: Consensus Guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver containing information about the clinical management of direct-acting antiviral medications.
CATIE launches yourlanguage.hepcinfo.ca, with hepatitis C information in Simplified Chinese, Urdu, Punjabi and Tagalog.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all Baby Boomers (people born between 1945 and 1965) get tested for hepatitis C.
The Sexuality Education Resource Centre (SERC) in Winnipeg, Manitoba releases Living Healthy: What You Need to Know about Hepatitis C in Canada a brochure in six African languages, English and French.
The Canadian Coalition of Organizations Responding to Hepatitis B and C changes its name to Action Hepatitis Canada.
The Canadian Liver Foundation releases Liver Disease in Canada: A Crisis in the Making. This report outlines the scope of liver disease in Canada and urges federal, provincial and territorial governments and related health agencies to work together to develop a national liver disease strategy.
B.C. announces $1.9 million in funding for Hep B and C research and education, awareness-raising and prevention of hepatitis B among immigrant communities.
Two new powerful Hep C medications, sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) and simeprevir (Galexos) are approved by Health Canada
Activists at the 49th International Liver Conference call for affordable Hep C treatments
The CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network releases Canadian guidelines for management and treatment of HIV/hepatitis C coinfection in adults
The World Health Organization releases Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection
National Aboriginal Hepatitis C Awareness Month is launched in May by the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada and Hepatitis Services, BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)
HepCBC Hepatitis C Education and Prevention Society (HepCBC) launches the HCV Manifesto
Harvoni approved by Health Canada
Hep C service providers in New Brunswick release a plan to address Hep C
Sofosbuvir and Harvoni added to many provincial and territorial formularies, providing the first broad access to interferon-free regimens
New drugs and drug combinations approved by Health Canada included sofosbuvir and simeprevir, daclatasvir, Technivie (a combination of ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir) and Holkira Pak (the last being added to all provincial and territorial formularies by year end)
P.E.I announces a five million dollar hepatitis C strategy
Updated Canadian Hep C treatment guidelines released: An update on the management of chronic hepatitis C: 2015 consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver
Telaprevir discontinued in Canada
The first World Hepatitis Summit, is held in Glasgow, Scotland. The summit is convened by the World Health Organization and World Hepatitis Alliance and is hosted by the Scottish Government and supported by Glasgow Caledonian University and Health Protection Scotland.
Epclusa (velpatasvir and sofosbuvir) and Zepatier (elbasvir and grazoprevir) approved by Health Canada
Common Drug Review recommends treating everyone for Hep C regardless of level of liver injury, starting with those with the most liver injury
Quebec adopts a staged approach to treating people with hepatitis C
Boceprevir discontinued in Canada
The 69th World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis, signalling the greatest global commitment on viral hepatitis ever
Canada's Minister of Health reaffirms commitment to end hepatitis by 2030
A cascade of care for hepatitis C is released for British Columbia. This is the first cascade of care for hepatitis C for any Canadian province or territory.
The pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), the body that represents provinces and territories in drug pricing agreements, negotiates an agreement with several pharmaceutical companies to lower prices for six hepatitis C medications including asunaprevir, daclatasvir, Epclusa, Harvoni, sofosbuvir and Zepatier.
Alberta, B.C., Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan change their formularies to increase access to hepatitis C treatments.
Ontario, Quebec and BC commit to unrestricted hepatitis C treatment access in 2018.
Peg-interferon no longer available in Canada for treating hepatitis C.
Health Canada approves the use and sale of a point-of-care hepatitis C antibody test. It is called the OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test.
Canada's first recommendations for hepatitis C screening are released by The Canadian Taskforce for Preventative Health Care (CTPHC). The guidelines, which apply to the general adult population, do not recommend population-wide screening for older adults, instead they recommend continuing to screen people at higher risk of infection, such as people with a history of injection drug use.
The Canadian Liver Foundation (CLF), Action Hepatitis Canada (AHC) and several Canadian liver experts criticise the screening recommendations.
Maviret (glecaprevir and pibrentasvir) and Vosevi (sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir) approved by Health Canada.
Asunaprevir (Sunvepra) discontinued in Canada.
The second World Hepatitis Summit is convened in São Paulo, Brazil by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Hepatitis Alliance and the Brazilian government. Eighty-two countries have viral hepatitis elimination plans in place. Canada does not have a national plan.
All remaining jurisdictions remove restrictions on access to hepatitis C treatment based on amount of liver injury (fibrosis score).
Simeprevir (Galexos), Holkira Pak and Technivie discontinued in Canada.
CanHepC, a national hepatitis C research network, initiates a process to develop recommendations to inform a national action plan on the elimination of hepatitis C in Canada.
Updated Canadian hepatitis C treatment guidelines released: The management of chronic hepatitis C: 2018 guideline update from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. These guidelines include recommendations to screen people born between 1945-1975 for hepatitis C and risk-based screening.
CanHepC, a national hepatitis C research network, launches the Blueprint to inform hepatitis C elimination in Canada.
Maviret reaches an agreement with the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), the body that represents provinces and territories in drug pricing agreements.
8th International Conference on Hepatitis Care in Substance Users conference, hosted by the International Network on Hepatitis in Substance Users (INHSU), takes place in Montreal, Canada.
The Government of Canada launches a Five-Year Action Plan on Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections to accelerate efforts to prevent, diagnose and treat STBBI (including viral hepatitis), and address barriers to care, in Canada.
Alberta becomes the second province to publish its cascade of care, revealing that only 3.4 per cent of patients diagnosed with hepatitis C had been cured within two years of being diagnosed. (British Columbia released its cascade of care for hepatitis C in 2016.)
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted the delivery of services globally and has a major impact on hepatitis C elimination efforts. Those working in hepatitis C were required to adapt approaches and explore innovative ways to maintain and sustain services during a time of unprecedented uncertainty.
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is jointly awarded to Dr. Michael Houghton (University of Alberta, Canadian Network on Hepatitis C), Dr. Harvey J. Alter (U.S. National Institutes of Health) and Dr. Charles M. Rice (The Rockefeller University) for their roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus.
Action Hepatitis Canada, a national coalition of organizations responding to viral hepatitis, launched a progress report on viral hepatitis elimination efforts in Canada.
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the first guidelines on hepatitis C virus self-testing.
Maviret (glecaprevir and pibrentasvir) was the first hepatitis C treatment approved by Health Canada for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children who are three years or older.
Action Hepatitis Canada released Prison Health Is Public Health, a report and recommendations for federal and provincial/territorial policy-makers about the right to hepatitis C prevention, diagnosis and care in Canada's correctional settings.
Book traversal links for A brief history of hepatitis C: 1989 - 2022


Contestants from the audience are chosen to guess the price of merchandise, with the closest guess winning prizes and even cash money.
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Quebe Sisters 8:00 pm - 10:00 pm Presented by:Uptown Theater Event Details An Americana band based in Dallas, Texas who perform a mix of progressive western swing, jazz-influenced swing, country, Texas-style fiddling, and western music. Browse through Chris Tomlin concert tickets for the show in Grand Prairie.
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Adapted from an article by David Hudson in the Panola Watchman.
Editor's Note: We're including almost all of Mr. Hudson's informative article because it gives a very good explanation of the shoddy disposal system for what oil companies like to call "salt water." Keep in mind as you read that the nation–the world, in fact–is now salted with neglected or abandoned salt water wells just waiting to dump their contents into groundwater. –Hardly Waite.
A number of water official met on June 6, 2012 to test water in five wells supplying the Panola-Bethany public water supply. The tests are being conducted at the request of Pastor David Hudson Jr. and local citizens who expressed concerns of contaminated groundwater from active and abandoned salt water injection wells at a community meeting at Church of The Living God PGT Temple #17 10980, Springridge Texas Stateline Road, Keithville, LA 71047, held during July 2011.
Last summer, the EPA was summoned to the area to meet with Pastor Hudson and affected members of the community to address issues and concerns about possible toxic levels of contaminants found in drinking water servicing patrons of the PB Water Supply. Hudson, who is a cancer patient, paid to have water from the tap in his home tested for toxins and contaminants. Test results were more than alarming. Testing confirmed the presence of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver and benzene in the PB Water supply.
Failure to enforce laws regulating the disposal of hazardous material byproducts produced by local oil and gas drilling has contaminated a local aquifer and land, simultaneously creating an almost ubiquitous public nuisance in the form of noise, a significant increase in traffic, dust and unsafe driving from tractor trailer drivers, said Hudson. These practices resulted in at least one death of a local, young college student. "Saltwater" or "brine" may sound harmless. It may even remind you of a fond memory of once-in-a-lifetime distant, coastal vacation.
Panola County citizens living adjacent to areas under gas exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas couldn't be further from it. This "saltwater" is actually a mixture of saltwater, chemicals used for drilling, and deposits of other contaminants above or around the desired gas/oil deposit including but not limited to benzene, lead and arsenic. These byproducts are toxic and expensive to move to the appropriate hazardous material disposal sites. The profitable option was to lease or buy land close to the drilling site, drill a deep hole into Earth, and introduce this toxic concoction injecting into the Earth's crust. Herein lays the problem's catalyst.
Once these saltwater injection wells are filled, they are to be sealed. Once sealed, an injection well is no longer active. Inactive injection wells are to be periodically inspected for leaks and structural faults that pose or potentially pose a risk to the environment and community. Hudson informed me that he knows of "… no person or agency that checks these sealed wells for breached casings, which can cause toxic carcinogens to be leached into the local water tables, springs and aquifers." Abandoned, inactive wells appear to be common place in Panola County. Aquifers and ground water isn't, leading us to share theses resources.
EPA water testing involved collecting water samples from the wells (before treatment) via a valve discharging ground water through an above-ground pipe. Samples were carefully taken by Chris Lister and Carl Wells from the EPA's enforcement division. Water was placed in collapsible, plastic, bag-like containers and what appeared to be glass jars and vials. The only field testing observed was PH testing, which was in the 7.2-7.5 range, slightly above the PH of bottled, distilled water. Scientists wore gloves in an attempt to prevent cross-contamination and removed air bubbles from the containers before sealing. Next, samples were labeled and bagged to be shipped to a lab for split sample testing. According to Martinez, the water will be tested for toxic, hydrocarbons and contaminates, including "benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene." TCEQ tests typically cover testing chlorine levels as well as infrastructure hardware (pipes, valves, etc.), serving patrons of the water supply. Testing took approximately one hour per well.
Results will be available for review within 90 days.
Read the entire article from the Watchman.


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