1947 brought me to life, and brought death to many thousands of others in Shanghai, China.
In my reading, I am always struck by the suffering that went on in the time and place of my birth. My parents, Lewis and Lois Hoskins, never discussed the chaos or the brutality of the civil war they encountered there. They were members of the international Friends Ambulance Unit (FAU), an affiliate of the AFSC, and their focus was unfailing. They were there to bring medical and humanitarian relief to all sides of China's civil war, my father as a Conscientious Objector and my mother as his partner.
My parents' stories of their China time are filled with loving and durable relationships across nationalities and races. Their friendships amongst Chinese, Japanese and international FAU volunteers colored their (and my) entire life. The FAU was approved by both the Kuomintang and Mao Zedong and was permitted to cross dangerous political borders, forbidden to others. Because of their non-partisan and committed efforts to relieve war-time conditions, the FAU was permitted to remain in China after every other foreign group had been asked to leave. When my parents returned to China in later years they were welcomed and still beloved by Chinese friends and Friends, despite China's on-going navigation through the Cultural Revolution. Quakers were known to disarm and do no harm.
Although my older sister Terry remembers the bodies of children in the streets in 1946-48, and I was told (when I asked) that a grenade landed in my nursery, the stories of my parents are focused on the good that was done and the common humanity they experienced with the people they met, sometimes even at gunpoint. I learned from this family-memory that my parents were part of something beyond themselves which sustained, throughout their lives, their purpose and dedication to creating unification amongst people.
When my father went on to became Executive Secretary of the AFSC, I grew up a train ride away from AFSC's awe-inspiring (to me) and historic buildings in Philadelphia. This is where my tribal memory of Quakers started and was concurrently fostered by nine years of life at Pendle Hill. Much later my father told his children some stories of his work with the AFSC. One centered on meeting Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as a young, charismatic, yet little known southern Black preacher who became interested in Mahatma Gandhi and non-violent resistance. My father authorized AFSC funds on the spot to send MLK to India to delve into this more deeply, and MLK returned to take a powerful stand against the Vietnam War and against using violence as an agent of change. I know that my father was dedicated, during his time with the Philadelphia AFSC, to ending Apartheid at a time when it wasn't yet the popular cause it later became. Through this dedication the unprecedented, integrated convention of five hundred White and Black leaders was held to discuss race relations and cross cultural education in South Africa. I came to realize that he believed that healing human relations, at the most basic level of trust and respect amongst national, racial and cultural differences, was necessary to allow other peace-keeping efforts to succeed.
Although I was too young to be cognizant of his many directions and intentions while with the AFSC, I know that he accomplished what he did within the collective embrace of Quaker commitment to the goodness and Godliness of all people. I was born and raised in the heart of my parents' Quaker service and, as I grow older, I am referring more and more often to those seminal qualities which inform my thinking and actions. It provides a cushion which I value. The AFSC gave my father, and many others, the engine and the fuel to accomplish what, today, stand out as incremental miracles in this past century's challenging commission of history.


M is for Moo! Why do cows moo?
I've had lots of cow-related suggestions for the A to Z series — so many that I think some friends may do a whole cattle series next year! Just think, there is alfalfa, beef, cheese, dairy, etc. but I decided to go for a simple word on cows and its probably the first thing I ever learned about cows. The sound they make (at least for Americans) is moo!
My first trip to a dairy farm was a year and a half ago. And even though I'd seen cows along the levees now and then, and had been to a livestock show, I hadn't been to many farms where cattle were the major thrust of the operation or the conversation for me.
The visit included several different conversations that were so basic. We of course talked through what do cows eat as we watch them much their rations. But something that I didn't expect was how quiet the barns were. I found myself to be the only one mooing! Ray was nice enough to tell me cows only moo when they are scared or something is wrong, so I guess they are happy cows!
You can see a bit of video I shot and you can hear Ray and I although you won't hear much from the cows!
Then this fall as I was on beef cattle ranches I saw the saw things as cows on the pasture were relaxed and curious. And they were silent. And believe me, seeing that many redheads that quiet…. well, it was staggering!
Then, when I worked cows in the Dakotas with the Wagners and watched as the Hadricks wean cows (golly gee that makes me sound like I actually know something about cattle doesn't it?!) I saw the louder mooing end of the spectrum.
There are a lot of farm bloggers out here who write about their experiences and the cattle on their farms & ranches. All the ones mentioned above write about it occasionally.
Val Wagner (who has all those redheaded cows and four sons) writes her Wag'n Tales several times a week!
Stacy Hadrick finds time to post now and then about their ranch and her cowboy.
Annie Link of Dairy Discovery who showed me around my first robotic dairy.
Nicole Small who writes about her kids, cattle & crops.
Carrie Mess who talks cows, tattoos and music all on DairyCarrie.com.
Ashley Messing who invited me to attend my first ever dairy meeting & is in the process of going robotic.
I'd love to know what your thoughts are on loams and other soils. This week I will be writing M, N, O, P, Q and R posts. Yes, we are on the downward slope will be brought to you by the group of letters I mentioned, so what do you think the word of the day should be each day this week?
See the other posts in this series by clicking on the logo at right and reviewing the letters, or by browsing the A to Z ag tag archives.
Hi. Just visiting from A2Z challenge. I live next to a dairy farm – there are elements of it that are less than pleasant – slurry pits spring to mind – along with the smell of old bedding straw!! Perhaps the strangest thing is that when I moved in I thought I would never be able to sleep through the sound of the milking machine starting at 4.30 a.m. Now I wake up if there is not the sound of the milking machine starting at 4.30 a.m.!
Thanks for stopping by! That is too funny! I know what you mean about drawbacks. They happen in every neighborhood, mine is the sound of traffic, the fact you need blinds closed due to lights, etc. once I lived near an airport and the train tracks…. Drove guests nuts and I never heard any of it, but someone talking? Watch out!
This was very interesting. I never realized cows only made noise when they were scared. Thanks for the lesson.
Well scared or have something wrong. 🙂 Thanks for stopping by, will check out what you have going too!
This morning one of my Jersey cows was mooing and I could not sleep because I was worried something was wrong. I looked out and saw her and she looked fine. She has another Jersey with her and i saw her also. Sometimes I think she is trying to communicate with the cows that live several pastures away from our farm. I grew up on a farm but moved away and 2 years ago was lucky enough to be able to move back to a farm. Just got the cows 5 months ago and love them. So sweet and innocent.
Congratulations Martha! I am sure that sense of accomplishment will give you a lot of enthusiasm for the hard work you have going on! Enjoy the farm!
awesome! Be sure you let me know how it goes!


For most people, inheriting a piece of property from a distant relative is great news because it could be sold for a great amount of cash or maybe it could be rented out for making a long-term profit. However, what happens when you visit the home you inherited only to find mountains of clutter and trash? If you were unaware that a distant relative was a hoarder, you may find yourself in a serious dilemma because now that it's your property, you are the responsible for cleaning it up. Follow these tips for helping you clean the home of a deceased hoarder so you can do something with the house he or she left behind for you.
If you have never seen the home of hoarder, you may be shocked and wondering how your relative lived like that. For many hoarders, depression is a great reason they give up trying to sort out all their property. Once the piles of stuff start becoming too much, many hoarders feel overwhelmed and do not know where to start, the same way you may be feeling when you stand in the front door for the first time, trying to figure out what to do first. The good news is you can clear out the stockpile of unwanted property simply by having a plan.
A couple boxes of tough lawn and leaf bags:You may find waste like spoiled food or even dead animals like mice or rats, so having tough black bags for disposal of this type of waste is important.
A box of face masks: Get the paper kind you might wear while cutting grass. Be sure to wear a face mask at all times when cleaning out a hoarder's home. You never know when you may lift up an object to a bed of mold that will cause spores to float right into your face.
Rubber gloves: Buy a couple pair of thick rubber gloves and a box of latex gloves, like surgeons use, for lightweight cleanup like that of moldy magazines and books. Use the heavy duty rubber gloves for food waste and other wet or infectious waste.
A few cans of disinfectant spray: Having disinfectant spray may help to clean stuffy air while you are trying to work.
A heavy duty garden rake: Taking a rake along with you to clean out a hoarder's house may seem odd, but having one to pull out old magazines and piles of clothes could save you from being spider bitten. It might also help you avoid being bitten by a rat or mouse as well. Be sure to get the type of rake used for digging into the soil, not the lightweight kind used for raking leaves.
Start cleaning out property right at the front door and work your way in. remember to take your time, especially when it comes to paperwork. Saving important documents like deeds and banking information may be invaluable to you later on. If you find any old photos, you might want to keep them as well. Placing a plastic tote near the front door for the items you need to keep is a good idea. As for the rest of the stuff, taking a bag out at a time to the dumpster is the best and safest way to clean out the home.
For some people, the time to clean out a hoarder's home was long and tedious. While you may end up working on your inherited home for several months, just remember that by following the path you started at the front door, you will soon find you have reached the other side of the house. Consider as well hiring professional hoarder clean-up crews for helping you with biggest part of the property.
To rent dumpsters, contact a company such as ESP Dumpsters & Waste Services.


text:
Mike Adams Escalates his Ugly Anti-GMO Campaign
Collide-a-ScapeBy Keith KloorJuly 24, 2014 6:10 PM
I recently discussed what is perhaps the most twisted, disgusting anti-GMO tract ever written. It's by Mike Adams, who as Jon Entine said earlier this year, is "a titan in the booming alternative lifestyle business, running dozens of websites promoting 'natural' products, many of them bogus or dangerous, which he relentlessly hawks online." The main communication portal for Adams is Naturalnews.com. According to Alexa, the site receives 219, 877 daily unique visitors and 407, 386 daily pageviews. Dr. Oz featured Adams on his show several months ago. Earlier this week, Adams published a screed at his main site that carried this headline:
Biotech genocide, Monsanto collaborators and the Nazi legacy of 'science' as justification for murder
The article was accompanied by Nazi imagery and horrible pictures of the Holocaust. Adams equated Hitler's propagandists with today's media outlets and journalists who "have signed on to accelerate heinous crimes being committed against humanity under the false promise of 'feeding the world' with toxic GMOs." Adams refers to this as a modern-day genocide being perpetrated by "Monsanto collaborators." As if this wasn't bad enough, Adams then chillingly suggests (his emphasis),
that it is the moral right -- and even the obligation -- of human beings everywhere to actively plan and carry out the killing of those engaged in heinous crimes against humanity.
This creepy, disturbing rant has taken a darker turn. Today, I woke up to an update posted by Adams:
After this story was first published, someone has indeed launched a website that appears to be inspired by a suggestion from this story. The Monsanto Collaborators website lists the names of journalists and publications that the site says have contributed to the agricultural genocide of GMOs, comparing the 250,000+ suicides caused by GMOs to "genocide" and the Holocaust.
Yeah, we can guess who that "someone" is. This update by Adams singles out Jon Entine and the "Monsanto Collaborators" website lists a number of publishers and journalists, including myself. The whole thing just takes your breath away. One of the listed "collaborator" outlets is Alternet, which over the weekend published a hard-hitting critique of Adams and other popular alternative health hucksters who, as Cliff Weathers wrote in his piece, "often cherry-pick science and use what suits them as semantic backdrop to fool unsuspecting consumers." Last night, Weathers contacted me to say that shortly after his article appeared, he stared getting "numerous crank calls." Unhinged extremists like Mike Adams should be concerning to anti-GMO campaigners, which includes a shrill minority (amplified by some influential voices) that traffics in ugly, conspiratorial rhetoric. Adams has distinguished himself as the darkest, most disturbing manifestation of the anti-GMO movement. I certainly hope Dr. Oz and anyone else who takes him seriously is taking note. UPDATE: You may be wondering if it's counterproductive to spotlight the mad ramblings of someone like Adams? It's a legitimate question that I gave some thought to before writing this post and the one before it. David Ropeik captures why I went ahead. The analogous examples he gives are exactly the ones I had in mind:
This is no different than Right to Life activists calling for the murder of abortion doctors fueling the hatred that leads some to commit such murders, or people so angry at the government that they bomb government buildings and kill innocent victims.
UPDATE: Mike Adams has responded at his website. I can't do justice to it. Best that you read it from the man himself, in full:
After careful analysis, I have come to the conclusion that the Monsanto Collaborators website is a bait-and-switch trap engineered by the biotech industry in an effort to lure in support from GMO skeptics and then discredit them with some sort of insane "call to action" of some kind. Click here to see the evidence and reasoning on this. Because of this, I am recommending that members of the GMO skeptics community refrain from linking to or endorsing the Monsanto Collaborators website.
Additionally, immediately upon publication of this article, the usual GMO corporate shills immediately began to spread utterly false and defamatory information about what this article actually stated, inventing false quotes and intentionally citing sentences out of context. We expect nothing less than lies and fabrications from the GMO crowd, of course, but they have taken it to a whole new level in their attempts to silence this powerful story that tells the truth about the agricultural holocaust that has already killed hundreds of thousands of innocent people.I have always stated in this story, as you can see below: "For the record, in no way do I condone vigilante violence against anyone, and I believe every condemned criminal deserves a fair trial and a punishment that fits the crime. Do not misinterpret this article as any sort of call for violence, as I wholly disavow any such actions. I am a person who demands due process under the law for all those accused of crimes."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Warm, nurturing parents may pass along strategies for building and maintaining positive relationships to their kids, setting them up for healthier, less-violent romantic relationships as young adults, according to researchers. Researchers found that when adolescents reported a positive family climate and their parents using more effective parenting strategies -- like providing reasons for decisions and refraining from harsh punishments -- those adolescents tended to go on to have better relationship problem-solving skills and less-violent romantic relationships as young adults. Mengya Xia, graduate student in human development and family studies, Penn State, said the results -- recently published in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence -- give insight on how early family relationships can have long-term impacts on young adult romantic relationships. "During adolescence, you're starting to figure out what you want in a relationship and to form the skills you need to have successful relationships," Xia said. "The family relationship is the first intimate relationship of your life, and you apply what you learn to later relationships. It's also where you may learn how to constructively communicate -- or perhaps the inverse, to yell and scream -- when you have a disagreement. Those are the skills you learn from the family and you will apply in later relationships." Xia said the ability to form close relationships is an important skill for adolescents and young adults to learn. Previous research has found that when young adults know how to form and maintain healthy relationships, they tend to go on to be more satisfied with their lives and be better parents. Hoping to learn more about how early family experiences affects later romantic relationships, the researchers recruited 974 adolescents for the study. At three points in time between sixth and ninth grade, the participants answered several questions about their families and themselves. They reported their family climate (if they tend to get along and support each other or fight often), their parents' discipline strategies (how consistent and harsh they were), how assertive they were, and if they had positive interactions with their parents. When the participants reached young adulthood, at an average age of 19.5, the researchers asked them about their romantic relationships. They answered questions about their feelings of love for their partner, if they could constructively solve problems in the relationship, and if they were ever violent with their partner, either physically or verbally. The researchers found that a positive family climate and effective parenting in adolescence were associated with better problem-solving skills in young adults' romantic relationships. Additionally, kids who had more positive engagement with their parents during adolescence reported feeling more love and connection in their young adult relationships. "I think it was very interesting that we found that positive engagement with parents in adolescence was linked with romantic love in early adulthood," Xia said. "And this is important because love is the foundation for romantic relationships, it's the core component. And if you have a predictor for that, it may open up ways to help adolescents to form the ability to love in romantic relationships." The researchers also found that a more cohesive and organized family climate and more effective parenting during adolescence was associated with a lower risk of violence in young adult relationships. "Adolescents from families that are less cohesive and more conflictual may be less likely to learn positive-problem solving strategies or engage in family interaction affectionately," Xia said. "So in their romantic relationships, they are also less likely to be affectionate and more likely to use destructive strategies when they encounter problems, like violence." Xia said the findings suggest ways to help adolescents build positive relationship skills at an early age, including encouraging assertiveness. "In the study, we saw kids who were more assertive had better problem-solving skills in their later relationships, which is so important," Xia said. "If you can't solve a problem constructively, you may turn to negative strategies, which could include violence. So I think it's important to promote constructive problem solving as a way to avoid or diminish the possibility of someone resorting to destructive strategies in a relationship."


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Home ENTERTAINMENT 'Grey's Anatomy' season 12 spoilers, plot news: April and Jackson back together?
'Grey's Anatomy' season 12 spoilers, plot news: April and Jackson back together?
The next episode of "Grey's Anatomy" season 12 will see some relationship issues among the other characters, after the very emotional divorce of April and Jackson.
The previous episode, titled "Unbreak My Heart," shifted the focus away from Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) after airing her tragic attack in the midseason premiere and her recovery in the past few episodes. Episode 11 centered on the relationship of April (Sarah Drew) and Jackson (Jesse Williams) as they signed their divorce papers. The episode was very emotional, especially for fans of the love team, since it also showed flashbacks of how their love started and grew. As Arizona (Jessica Capshaw) stepped in to comfort April, she also learned that April is pregnant.
Nonetheless, fans of Japril are given some hope, as the spoiler room of Entertainment Weekly revealed that there are possibilities for the two to be back together. According to Drew, "I totally think this baby could bring them back together."
However, the actress also clarified that Jackson will not come back just because of the baby because April will not be satisfied with that as well. Instead, it will be "through different sets of circumstances" that will bring them "back together for sure." In the meantime, April will find her comfort through Arizona, Nathan (Martin Henderson), and Owen (Kevin McKidd).
Meanwhile, the upcoming episode, titled "My Next Life," will return to the day-to-day troubles in the hospital. Meredith will have her surgical patient, but Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) will take over. On the other hand, Maggie (Kelly McCreary) will become anxious about her secret relationship, while Arizona will consider dating again.
In the official synopsis posted on TV Guide, it narrates, "Meredith's first surgical patient returns to the hospital with a new aneurysm, and Amelia takes on the case. Elsewhere, Maggie believes Richard knows about her secret romance with Andrew; and Arizona considers jumping back into the dating world."
"Grey's Anatomy" season 12 will air episode 12 on Mar. 3 at 8 P.M. EST on ABC.
Grey's Anatomy season 12 episode 12
Grey's Anatomy season 12 episode 12 spoilers
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text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using UAOOI.Common.Infrastructure.Diagnostic;
using UAOOI.Networking.Simulator.Boiler.AddressSpace;
using UAOOI.Networking.Simulator.Boiler.Model;
using UAOOI.SemanticData.UANodeSetValidation.DataSerialization;
using UAOOI.SemanticData.UANodeSetValidation.UAInformationModel;

namespace tempuri.org.UA.Examples.BoilerType
{
  public partial class BoilerState
  {

    public BoilerState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      CustomController = new CustomControllerState(this, BrowseNames.CustomController);
      Drum = new BoilerDrumState(this, BrowseNames.Drum, ModelExtensions.CreateRange(1000, 0));
      FlowController = new FlowControllerState(this, BrowseNames.FlowController);
      InputPipe = new BoilerInputPipeState(this, BrowseNames.InputPipe);
      LevelController = new LevelControllerState(this, BrowseNames.LevelController);
      LevelController.SetPoint.Value = 500.0;
      OutputPipe = new BoilerOutputPipeState(this, BrowseNames.OutputPipe);
      Simulation = new BoilerStateMachineState(this, BrowseNames.Simulation);
    }
    internal void StartSimulation()
    {
      if (m_simulationTimer != null)
      {
        m_simulationTimer.Dispose();
        m_simulationTimer = null;
      }
      uint updateRate = this.Simulation.UpdateRate.Value;
      if (updateRate < 100)
      {
        updateRate = 100;
        Simulation.UpdateRate.Value = updateRate;
      }
      m_simulationTimer = new Timer(DoSimulation, null, (int)updateRate, (int)updateRate);
    }
    internal ITraceSource Logger { get; set; } = new DoNothingTraceSource();

    //#region Initialization
    ///// <summary>
    ///// Initializes the object as a collection of counters which change value on read.
    ///// </summary>
    //protected override void OnAfterCreate(ISystemContext context, NodeState node)
    //{
    //  base.OnAfterCreate(context, node);

    //  this.Simulation.OnAfterTransition = OnControlSimulation;
    //  m_random = new Random();
    //}
    //#endregion

    #region IDisposeable Methods
    /// <summary>
    /// Cleans up when the object is disposed.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
      if (disposing)
      {
        if (m_simulationTimer != null)
        {
          m_simulationTimer.Dispose();
          m_simulationTimer = null;
        }
      }
    }
    #endregion

    #region Private
    //class
    private class DoNothingTraceSource : ITraceSource
    {
      public void TraceData(TraceEventType eventType, int id, object data) { }
    }
    //Fields
    private ISystemContext m_simulationContext = null;
    private Timer m_simulationTimer = null;
    private Random m_random = new Random();
    private long m_simulationCounter = 0;
    //Methods
    /// <summary>
    /// Changes the state of the simulation.
    /// </summary>
    private void OnControlSimulation(ISystemContext context, StateMachineState machine, uint transitionId, uint causeId, IList<object> inputArguments, IList<object> outputArguments)
    {
      switch (causeId)
      {
        case Methods.ProgramStateMachineType_Start:
          {
            if (m_simulationTimer != null)
            {
              m_simulationTimer.Dispose();
              m_simulationTimer = null;
            }
            uint updateRate = this.Simulation.UpdateRate.Value;
            if (updateRate < 100)
            {
              updateRate = 100;
              Simulation.UpdateRate.Value = updateRate;
            }
            m_simulationContext = context;
            m_simulationTimer = new Timer(DoSimulation, null, (int)updateRate, (int)updateRate);
            break;
          }
        case Methods.ProgramStateMachineType_Halt:
        case Methods.ProgramStateMachineType_Suspend:
          {
            if (m_simulationTimer != null)
            {
              m_simulationTimer.Dispose();
              m_simulationTimer = null;
            }
            m_simulationContext = context;
            break;
          }
        case Methods.ProgramStateMachineType_Reset:
          {
            if (m_simulationTimer != null)
            {
              m_simulationTimer.Dispose();
              m_simulationTimer = null;
            }
            m_simulationContext = context;
            break;
          }
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Rounds a value to the significant digits specified and adds a random perturbation.
    /// </summary>
    private double RoundAndPerturb(double value, byte significantDigits)
    {
      double offsetToApply = 0;
      if (value != 0)
      {
        // need to move all significant digits above the decimal point.
        double _offset = significantDigits - Math.Log10(Math.Abs(value));
        offsetToApply = Math.Floor(_offset);
        if (offsetToApply == _offset)
          offsetToApply -= 1;
      }
      // round value to significant digits.
      double _perturbedValue = Math.Round(value * Math.Pow(10.0, offsetToApply));
      // apply the perturbation.
      _perturbedValue += (m_random.NextDouble() - 0.5) * 5;
      // restore original exponent.
      _perturbedValue = Math.Round(_perturbedValue) * Math.Pow(10.0, -offsetToApply);
      // return value.
      return _perturbedValue;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Moves the value towards the target.
    /// </summary>
    private double Adjust(double value, double target, double step, Range range)
    {
      // convert percentage step to an absolute step if range is specified.
      if (range != null)
        step = step * range.Magnitude();
      double difference = target - value;
      if (difference < 0)
      {
        value -= step;
        if (value < target)
          return target;
      }
      else
      {
        value += step;
        if (value > target)
          return target;
      }
      return value;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the value as a percentage of the range.
    /// </summary>
    private double GetPercentage(AnalogItemState<double> value)
    {
      double percentage = value.Value;
      Range range = value.EURange.Value;
      if (range != null)
      {
        percentage /= Math.Abs(range.High - range.Low);
        if (Math.Abs(percentage) > 1.0)
          percentage = 1.0;
      }
      return percentage;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the value as a percentage of the range.
    /// </summary>
    private double GetValue(double value, Range range)
    {
      if (range != null)
        return value * range.Magnitude();
      return value;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Updates the values for the simulation.
    /// </summary>
    private void DoSimulation(object state)
    {
      try
      {
        Logger.TraceData(TraceEventType.Verbose, 210, $"Entering {nameof(DoSimulation)} #{m_simulationCounter}");
        m_simulationCounter++;

        // adjust level.
        m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output.Value = Adjust(m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output.Value, m_levelController.SetPoint.Value, 0.1, m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output.EURange.Value);

        // calculate inputs for custom controller.
        m_customController.Input1.Value = m_levelController.UpdateMeasurement(m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output);
        m_customController.Input2.Value = GetPercentage(m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output);
        m_customController.Input3.Value = GetPercentage(m_outputPipe.FlowTransmitter2.Output);

        // calculate output for custom controller.
        m_customController.ControlOut.Value = (m_customController.Input1.Value + m_customController.Input3.Value - m_customController.Input2.Value) / 2;

        // update flow controller set point.
        m_flowController.SetPoint.Value = GetValue((m_customController.ControlOut.Value + 1) / 2, m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.EURange.Value);

        double error = m_flowController.UpdateMeasurement(m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output);

        // adjust the input valve.
        m_inputPipe.Valve.Input.Value = Adjust(m_inputPipe.Valve.Input.Value, (error > 0) ? 100 : 0, 10, null);

        // adjust the input flow.
        m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.Value = Adjust(m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.Value, m_flowController.SetPoint.Value, 0.6, m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.EURange.Value);

        // add pertubations.
        m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output.Value = RoundAndPerturb(m_drum.LevelIndicator.Output.Value, 3);
        m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.Value = RoundAndPerturb(m_inputPipe.FlowTransmitter1.Output.Value, 3);
        m_outputPipe.FlowTransmitter2.Output.Value = RoundAndPerturb(m_outputPipe.FlowTransmitter2.Output.Value, 3);
        this.ClearChangeMasks(m_simulationContext, true);
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
        Logger.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 225, $"Unexpected error during boiler simulation: {e}.");
      }
    }
    #endregion

  }
  public partial class FlowControllerState
  {
    public FlowControllerState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName) { }
  }
  public partial class BoilerInputPipeState
  {
    public BoilerInputPipeState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.FlowTransmitter1 = new FlowTransmitterState(this, BrowseNames.FlowTransmitter1);
      this.Valve = new ValveState(this, BrowseNames.Valve);
    }
  }
  public partial class LevelControllerState
  {
    public LevelControllerState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName) { }
  }
  public partial class BoilerOutputPipeState
  {
    public BoilerOutputPipeState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.FlowTransmitter2 = new FlowTransmitterState(this, BrowseNames.FlowTransmitter2);
    }
  }
  public partial class BoilerStateMachineState
  {
    public BoilerStateMachineState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.UpdateRate = new PropertyState<uint>(this, BrowseNames.UpdateRate, 200);
    }
  }
  public partial class FlowTransmitterState
  {
    public FlowTransmitterState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.Output = new AnalogItemState<double>(this, BrowseNames.Output, ModelExtensions.CreateRange(1, 0), 0.5);
    }
  }
  public partial class ValveState
  {
    public ValveState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName) { }
  }
  public partial class GenericActuatorState
  {
    public GenericActuatorState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.Input = new AnalogItemState<double>(this, BrowseNames.Input, ModelExtensions.CreateRange(1, 0), 0.5);
    }

  }
  partial class BoilerDrumState
  {

    public BoilerDrumState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName, Range range) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.LevelIndicator = new LevelIndicatorState(this, BrowseNames.LevelIndicator, range);
    }
  }
  public partial class LevelIndicatorState
  {

    public LevelIndicatorState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName, Range range) : base(parent, browseName)
    {
      this.Output = new AnalogItemState<double>(this, BrowseNames.Output, range);
    }

  }
  public partial class GenericSensorState : BaseObjectState
  {
    public GenericSensorState(NodeState parent, QualifiedName browseName) : base(parent, browseName) { }
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SPAS (acrónimo de Shuttle Pallet Satellite) era un tipo de satélite artificial reutilizable lanzado y recogido por los transbordadores espaciales mediante el brazo robótico.

Los SPAS eran plataformas utilizadas para realizar diversos tipos de experimentos, entre ellos experimentos de materiales, observación terrestre y algunos de naturaleza militar. También fueron utilizados en proyectos de astronomía, como en el satélite recuperable ORFEUS-SPAS (Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme UV Spectrometer-Shuttle Pallet Satellite), consistente en una plataforma SPAS sobre la que iba montado un espectrómetro Alemania alemán. ORFEUS-SPAS fue recuperado a los seis días de ser soltado desde el transbordador espacial Discovery en la misión STS-51.

Misiones
 3 de febrero de 1984: SPAS 1A (STS-7)
 28 de abril de 1991: SPAS II
 12 de septiembre de 1993: ORFEUS-SPAS (STS-51)
 3 de noviembre de 1994: CRISTA-SPAS  (STS-66)
 7 de agosto de 1997: CRISTA-SPAS

Referencias

Programa del transbordador espacial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You find oneself sitting with your vehicle, reeling by way of thoughts right after staying rear-ended by an additional automobile. You receive out and check out the destruction, trade insurance and driver information and facts and wait with the police to arrive. What would you do now? Immediately after calling your insurance company to file a declare, you'll want to take into consideration observing your frequent doctor, and you simply should also get started your quest for an vehicle harm chiropractor auto accident Chiropractor .
A chiropractor is usually a health practitioner who concentrates on assessing and managing troubles that end result from nerve, organ, spine and connective tissue destruction, on account of falling or getting involved in an automobile incident. They do an intensive analysis and look for virtually any unseen injuries. At times it may possibly take months, months as well as many years for an harm been given within an incident to surface area. And occasionally you may not even know you ended up hurt, in spite of being affected by signs and symptoms like head aches, stiffness, pinched nerves, numbness, tingling, irritability, and in many cases the feeling of coldness within your fingers, legs, ft and arms.
But, how are you going to locate a high quality vehicle injury chiropractor? You'll find quite a few chiropractors by hunting on the internet, or by calling your health insurance plan enterprise for a listing. You may also attain a referral from a key care service provider, or get suggestions from spouse and children or close friends who may have noticed a chiropractor inside the earlier. It's possible you'll even be referred to some specific chiropractor by your car insurance policies agent, or you is usually pointed inside a particular way by your car injuries lawyer, who might have working relationships with chiropractic experts who'll allow you to plus your attorney entire a clinical damage declare for authorized proceedings.
When you can see, there are actually various strategies to discover a top quality chiropractor. It's possible you'll even uncover one which offers a no cost initial session and evaluation in order to decide if even further visits are necessary. If ongoing treatment is considered needed, you might undergo mild spinal manipulation and also adjustment to be able to make certain that your spinal twine, vertebrae and nerves are in suitable alignment.


text:

Cyberpunk 2077 PS5 and Xbox Series X versions coming early next year now, definitely
The latest investor report from CD Projekt claims Cyberpunk 2077's next gen versions are slated for Q1 2022.
Company of Heroes 3 multiplayer pre-alpha goes live today
Sign up and you can try out Company of Heroes 3's multiplayer modes for a week from today.
Henry Stenhouse

Halo Infinite Ranked Tiers: All tiers and how to increase your Rank
Learn the Ranked Tiers in Halo Infinite so you can see where you're placed in the competitive multiplayer.
A Company of Heroes 3 multiplayer test will go live later today, allowing players to wage war against each other and AI opponents in a selection of modes.
The multiplayer test for the World War 2 strategy game will let players go hands on with the US and Wehrmacht forces on four different Italian maps. While multiplayer is the main focus of the test, anyone with access will also be able to take on AI opponents in the game's Skirmish mode. This includes a Full Tactical Pause, allowing players to stop the action and direct troops across the battlefield without worrying about time pressure or relentless assaults from their AI opponent.
© Relic Entertainment
If you're keen to give the game a try, you'll need to register for the multiplayer pre-alpha via the Company of Heroes community website here. Once signed up, you can preload the test on Steam. The game will unlock at 9am PT (12pm ET / 5pm GMT) today and will remain available until Monday, December 6 at 8pm PT.
It's been more than eight years since Company of Heroes 2 gave players command over several armies across the Eastern Front of World War 2. Developer Relic Entertainment announced the return of the series in July this year, allowing a select group of players access to an early test.
Company of Heroes 3 shifts the arenas of combat to the Italian mountains and North African deserts. US and British troops will be supported by the Italian resistance and Commonwealth forces, while the Axis will have access to both German and Italian armies. The campaign sees the player leading Allied forces as they vie for control of a tactical map of the mediterranean, securing supply lines to support their armies in RTS battles. Land, naval, and air forces will be available to use as you attempt to wrest control of Italy from the Axis troops.
Company of Heroes 3 is due to be released in 2022 on PC, though no firm date has been supplied as of yet.
Henry Stenhouse serves an eternal punishment as the Associate Editor of AllGamers. He spent his younger life studying the laws of physics, even going so far as to complete a PhD in the subject before video game journalism stole his soul. Confess your love of Super Smash Bros. via email at henry.stenhouse@allgamers.com, or catch him on Twitter.
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text:
Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics About Contact
News roundups
Most Viewed Most Discussed
Mosquitoes Might Be Humanity's Greatest Foe
Should we get rid of them? The pesky insect is the deadliest animal in human history
Wednesday, August 21st, 2019
By Hope Reese
The deadliest killer in human history might not be guns or bombs, cancer or car accidents. It's a pesky insect that most of us don't think twice about: the mosquito.
Over the course of 200,000 years, 108 billion people have lived on Earth. And nearly half, 52 billion, have been killed by mosquitoes. The impact of this disastrous insect has shaped civilization far beyond our expectations, according to historian Timothy C. Winegard, whose new book, The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator, explores this lethal insect.
I talked to Winegard, who currently teaches history and political science at Colorado Mesa University, about what makes mosquitoes "masters of evolutionary adaptation," if they should be eradicated, and what kind of function — if any — they serve. I also asked him the age-old question of how to avoid mosquito bites (the key, he says, has to do with our feet).
Our conversation has been condensed and edited for clarity.
… Continue reading 'Mosquitoes Might Be Humanity's Greatest Foe'
Image via article: Javier Zarracina / Vox
Complex Language Hinders Informed Consent
Researchers were surprised at the high reading level required to understand consent forms and how many difficult words appear in informed consent documents. "Ethically, it is important to patients to understand the options available to them," says Nancy E. Kass, deputy director for public health at the Berman Institute
…"We wanted to better understand how the process of informed consent occurs for cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy and how difficult it may be for patients to understand the information communicated to them," says Andrew J. Einstein, MD, PhD, the study's lead author.
Only nine of 113 forms met the recommended eighth grade readability level, and four forms met a sixth grade level. "Appropriately designed informed consent is critical to ensure patient autonomy and shared decision-making," says Einstein, associate professor of medicine and director of cardiac CT research at Columbia University Medical Center.
Researchers were surprised at the high reading level required to understand consent forms and how many difficult words appear in informed consent documents. "Ethically, it is important to patients to understand the options available to them," says Nancy E. Kass, ScD, deputy director for public health at Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. This is particularly important when treatments carry difficult risk/benefit tradeoffs, or when options carry different risks and benefits (e.g., surgery vs. physical therapy for back pain).
…continue reading 'Complex Language Hinders Informed Consent'
Thumb image via Flickr Some rights reserved by Kevin Krejci
Medical Ethics Advisor
Scientists Find New Way to Kill Disease-Carrying Mosquitoes
Scientists say they nearly eliminated disease-carrying mosquitoes on two islands in China using a new technique. The downside: It may not be practical for larger areas and may cost a lot of money
NEW YORK — Scientists say they nearly eliminated disease-carrying mosquitoes on two islands in China using a new technique. The downside: It may not be practical for larger areas and may cost a lot of money.
In the experiment, researchers targeted Asian tiger mosquitoes, invasive white-striped bugs that can spread dengue fever, Zika, and other diseases. They used a novel approach for pest control: First, they infected the bugs with a virus-fighting bacterium, and then zapped them with a small dose of radiation.
Zapping is meant to sterilize the mosquitoes. And releasing mosquitoes infected with a bacterial strain not found in wild mosquitoes would stop them from reproducing. Mosquitoes need to have the same type to make young that will survive.
…continue reading 'Scientists Find New Way to Kill Disease-Carrying Mosquitoes'
Thumb image via STAT – GUANGZHOU WOLBAKI BIOTECH VIA AP
Why Making A 'Designer Baby' Would Be Easier Said Than Done
The concern is largely ethical. The reality is that biologists probably couldn't produce designer babies even if they wanted to
Friday, May 3rd, 2019
Leaders of the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy sent a letter on April 24 to Alex Azar, the secretary of health and human services, adding their voices to the call for a moratorium on experiments that could alter the genes passed down to future generations.
This move follows a widely criticized experiment in China last year that apparently produced children with edited genomes.
The concern is largely ethical. The reality is that biologists probably couldn't produce designer babies even if they wanted to.
…continue reading 'Why Making A 'Designer Baby' Would Be Easier Said Than Done'
Image via Flickr Some rights reserved by Rosa Menkman
NPR Shots
We Won't Use CRISPR to Make Super-Smart Babies
But only because we can't. Gene experts speculate that our worst gene-editing fears won't come true because they are too complex for us to pull them off
We won't use CRISPR to make super-smart babies—but only because we can't
Gene experts speculate that our worst gene-editing fears won't come true because they are too complex for us to pull them off.
…continue reading 'We Won't Use CRISPR to Make Super-Smart Babies'
Image: By PinkStock Photos, D. Sharon Pruitt – https://www.flickr.com/photos/pinkstockphotos/5264093772/in/photostream/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15507734
How Scientists Are Learning to Predict your Future with your Genes
But what are the limits?
When the Human Genome Project — the massive endeavor to map all the genes that make humans human — was completed in 2003, scientists were elated.
Finally, they thought, it would be possible to find genes that cause or contribute to devastating diseases like diabetes. And, they thought, it would be relatively simple. In 2004, Francis Collins, a key collaborator on the project and now the head of the National Institutes of Health, said he expected there would be 12 genes for Type 2 diabetes, "and that all of them will be discovered in the next two years."
…continue reading 'How scientists are learning to predict your future with your genes'
image By Zephyris at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5971161
A Harvard Scientist Thinks He Has A Gene Test For Heart Attack Risk
He wants to give it away for free. A Harvard scientist thinks he's reached a new milestone: a genetic test that help identify people who are at high risk of heart attacks. Can he convince doctors to use it?
A Harvard scientist thinks he's reached a new milestone: a genetic test that help identify people who are at high risk of heart attacks. Can he convince doctors to use it?
"I think in a few years I think everybody will know this number similar to the way we know our cholesterol right now," muses Sekar Kathiresan, director of the Center for Genomic Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and a professor at Harvard Medical School.
Not everyone else is so sure. "I think it's a brilliant approach," says Harlan Krumholz, the Harold H. Hines Professor of Cardiology at Yale University and one of Kathiresan's collaborators. But he worries about whether Kathiresan's tests are ready to compete with the plethora of diagnostic tests, from AI-boosted CT scans to new types of "bad" cholesterol proteins, that are on offer. And he worries about cost. There is no commercial version of the gene test. But the very idea that such a test is not only available, but near, is the result of a cresting wave of new genetic science, the result of large efforts to gather genetic information from millions of volunteers.
…continue reading 'A Harvard Scientist Thinks He Has A Gene Test For Heart Attack Risk. He Wants To Give It Away Free'
Image: By James Tourtellotte, photo editor of CBP Today[1] – http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/multimedia/photo_gallery/afc/laboratories/13_5flab_5fhiresa.xml (file Cbp13_5flab_5fhires.jpg, part of America's Frontline Photography / CBP Laboratories Photography), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2875876
Prescription Drugs May Cost More With Insurance Than Without It
The generic version of Crestor — rosuvastatin — cost Patrik Swanljung of Anacortes, Wash., about $38 less when he bought it through a website rather than using his health insurance. Consumers are finding that they can sometimes save money on their drug costs by not using their insurance
This article was written through collaboration between The New York Times and ProPublica, the independent, nonprofit investigative journalism organization.
Having health insurance is supposed to save you money on your prescriptions. But increasingly, consumers are finding that isn't the case.
Patrik Swanljung found this out when he went to fill a prescription for a generic cholesterol drug. In May, Mr. Swanljung handed his Medicare prescription card to the pharmacist at his local Walgreens and was told that he owed $83.94 for a three-month supply.
Alarmed at that price, Mr. Swanljung went online and found Blink Health, a start-up, offering the same drug — generic Crestor — for $45.89.
It had struck a better deal than did his insurer, UnitedHealthcare. "It's completely ridiculous," said Mr. Swanljung, 72, who lives in Anacortes, Wash.
Bioethics News & Analysis From Johns Hopkins
#BRIDGES
#FoodEthics
#NursingEthics
© The Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. All rights reserved.


text:
hare_voting_procedure
2009/02/09 15:07 jtkorb 2009/02/09 15:07 jtkorb 2009/02/09 15:05 jtkorb 2009/02/09 15:05 jtkorb 2009/02/09 15:04 jtkorb 2009/02/09 14:50 jtkorb 2009/02/09 14:30 jtkorb 2008/01/31 11:18 jtkorb 2008/01/31 11:18 jtkorb 2008/01/31 11:17 jtkorb 2007/10/15 06:34 jtkorb 2007/10/15 06:33 jtkorb created
hare_voting_procedure [2007/10/15 06:33]
jtkorb created
hare_voting_procedure [2009/02/09 15:07] (current)
+ ~~NOTOC~~
====== Hare Voting Procedure ====== ====== Hare Voting Procedure ======
- The [[http://sof.uchicago.edu/hare|Hare System of Proportional Representation]] (also described as the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare_quota Hare Quota]]) is a variant of the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_transferable_vote|Single Transferable Vote (STV)]] preferential voting system.  It is "preferential" in the sense that voters rank the order of their chosen candidates (using, say, numbers 1-5), rather than using an unranked mark (e.g., one or more "X"s).  A common application is in the selection of committees, in which multiple winners must be chosen from a set of available candidates. + The [[http://sof.uchicago.edu/hare|Hare System of Proportional Representation]] is a procedural description of the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_transferable_vote|Single Transferable Vote (STV)]] preferential voting system.  It is "preferential" in the sense that voters rank the order of their chosen candidates (using, say, numbers 1-5), rather than using an unranked mark (e.g., one or more "X"s).  A common application is in the selection of committees, in which multiple winners must be chosen from a set of available candidates.
+ (Note: The quota calculation described in this document and used in the associated software is actually based on the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droop_quota|Droop Quota]], not the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare_quota|Hare Quota]].  The term //Hare// is retained here as the common name for //Single Transferable Vote// despite this inaccurate characterization.)
====== Background ====== ====== Background ======
The procedure used by the College of Science is described in this [[http://www.science.purdue.edu/faculty_staff/policies/PP2006_11_16.pdf|document]], starting at page 35. The procedure implemented above does not follow the CoS procedure in the following case: If there is a tie for weakest candidate, the CoS procedure chooses the candidate who had fewer votes in the previous round, if one exists; otherwise, a candidate is chosen at random.  The procedure implemented here always chooses a candidate at random from among those tied for last place, regardless of the status during the previous round.  (This procedure is consistent with the University of Chicago [[http://sof.uchicago.edu/hare/rules.html|rules]].) The procedure used by the College of Science is described in this [[http://www.science.purdue.edu/faculty_staff/policies/PP2006_11_16.pdf|document]], starting at page 35. The procedure implemented above does not follow the CoS procedure in the following case: If there is a tie for weakest candidate, the CoS procedure chooses the candidate who had fewer votes in the previous round, if one exists; otherwise, a candidate is chosen at random.  The procedure implemented here always chooses a candidate at random from among those tied for last place, regardless of the status during the previous round.  (This procedure is consistent with the University of Chicago [[http://sof.uchicago.edu/hare/rules.html|rules]].)
- ===== How to Cast a Hare Ballot ===== + ====== How to Cast a Hare Ballot ======
Voters are given a list of candidates (a ballot), which they rank in order of preference: //c1//, //c2//, //c3//, ..., etc. While it may appear that voters are selecting multiple individuals to fill the positions on the committee, they are not: Each voter's ballot will ultimately be cast for only //one// candidate.  The Hare Procedure moves ballots among candidates following rules that are intended to reflect the preferences of the voters.  The process stops when all (or nearly all) ballots have been assigned to the most popular candidates, who then make up the committee.  Voters are given a list of candidates (a ballot), which they rank in order of preference: //c1//, //c2//, //c3//, ..., etc. While it may appear that voters are selecting multiple individuals to fill the positions on the committee, they are not: Each voter's ballot will ultimately be cast for only //one// candidate.  The Hare Procedure moves ballots among candidates following rules that are intended to reflect the preferences of the voters.  The process stops when all (or nearly all) ballots have been assigned to the most popular candidates, who then make up the committee.
* Repeat for all //ci//. * Repeat for all //ci//.
- ===== Hare Process ===== + ====== Hare Process ======
- ==== Initial Step ==== + ===== Initial Step =====
The first step in the process is to divide the ballots into sets based on the first candidate listed on each ballot. The first step in the process is to divide the ballots into sets based on the first candidate listed on each ballot.
- ==== Selection Step ====
- In order to be selected, a candidate must have a minimum number of votes, called the //quota//, which is roughly the number of votes cast divided by the number of positions to be filled.  More precisely, the College of Science defines the //quota// to be //(votes cast + 1)/(number of positions + 1)// rounded up. + ===== Selection Step ====
+ In order to be selected, a candidate must have a minimum number of votes, called the //quota//, which is roughly the number of votes cast divided by the number of positions to be filled.  More precisely, the College of Science defines the //quota// to be //(votes cast + 1)/(number of positions + 1)// rounded up. (As a side note, this quota calculation is actually closer to the "Droop" quota than the "Hare" quota, but we retain the older terminology to apply to the entire Single-Transferable-Vote process.)
while there is a candidate that has the minimum number of votes while there is a candidate that has the minimum number of votes
At this point, no remaining candidate has enough votes to be selected, so low-ranking candidates are eliminated and their ballots reassigned. At this point, no remaining candidate has enough votes to be selected, so low-ranking candidates are eliminated and their ballots reassigned.
- ==== Elimination Step ==== + ===== Elimination Step =====
choose a candidate randomly from those with the least number of votes choose a candidate randomly from those with the least number of votes
hare_voting_procedure.1192455208.txt.gz · Last modified: 2007/10/15 06:33 by jtkorb


text:
Holiday Sale is ending – $49 for the first year
Will the Cleveland Indians get a big season from Matt LaPorta? Hey, Hoynsie!
Updated: Jan. 12, 2019, 5:15 p.m. | Published: Jan. 30, 2011, 2:25 a.m.
By Paul Hoynes, cleveland.com
View full sizeChuck Crow / The Plain DealerMatt LaPorta needs to have a good season somewhere in the middle of the Indians' lineup to take some pressure of a batting order dominated by left-handed bats.
Hey, Hoynsie: Is there anyone on the roster whose development is more critical to the team's success than Matt LaPorta? The lineup is currently lacking a middle of the order stick and LaPorta has been earmarked for that role since he was brought over in the CC Sabathia trade. Even if the pitching falls in line and they get production from other spots in the batting order, they desperately need a middle of the order bat to join Santana. -- Leslie Marchak, Sagamore Hills
Hey, Leslie: It is a big year for LaPorta, but I don't think you'll see him in the middle of the lineup even if he gets off to a quick start. If Grady Sizemore and Carlos Santana are healthy, along with Shin-Soo Choo and Travis Hafner, the heart of the order is pretty much set.
I think LaPorta, if he can stay in the lineup for a full season, could be a consistent No. 5 or 6 hitter.
The big thing about LaPorta is that he hits right-handed. The Indians need some pop from the right side because they have so many left-handed hitters.
Hey, Hoynsie: How do you see the starting rotation shaping up? -- Johnny D'ambrosia, Garfield Heights
Hey, Johnny: Headed into spring training, I think Fausto Carmona, Justin Masterson and Mitch Talbot have the first three spots. Carlos Carrasco is favored for the fourth spot with a cast of thousands, including Josh Tomlin, Jeanmar Gomez, David Huff, Alex White and others, competing for the fifth spot.
GM Chris Antonetti could thicken the plot if he brings in a veteran starter such as Kevin Millwood.
Hey, Hoynsie: I was just looking at the MLB.com's list of the top 50 prospects and noticed the Indians have only one of the top 50 (Lonnie Chisenhall). Why is this when we traded for all these top prospects? -- Jason Siska, Toledo
Hey, Jason: Usually a player isn't considered a prospect after he gets to the big leagues. I'm assuming that's why Carlos Santana, Matt LaPorta, Michael Brantley, Jason Donald, Carlos Carrasco, Lou Marson and others weren't on that list.
Those six players, along with others, were all acquired in trades by the Indians over the last three years. When they were acquired, most of them were considered prospects.
View full sizeChuck Crow / The Plain DealerCarlos Carrasco will get plenty of opportunity this summer to prove he was a good acquisition in the Cliff Lee deal.
Hey, Hoynsie: After trading Cliff Lee, didn't the organization state that the team would compete in 2010? Since they weren't accurate, is their expectation to play over .500 ball in 2011? -- Lucas Duke, Norwalk
Hey, Lucas: They did compete in 2010. They competed and lost 93 games.
You compete when you walk on the field. Contending is a whole different matter. That being said, I always had the impression that the Indians knew they were going to take their lumps last season unless everything worked perfectly.
GM Chris Antonetti told a town hall meeting Thursday that he expects the Indians not only to be better than last year, but to be a contending team this year. He added that a lot of things have to go right with their young players for that to be accomplished.
Hey, Hoynsie: Now that the Indians came out of arbitration without breaking the bank, can we expect them to try and improve with some free agents or trades for proven major-leaguers? -- Julia George, Canton
Hey, Julia: I wouldn't be surprised if the Indians signed one or two more players before camp opens on Feb. 15. But I anticipate that they'll be borderline big-leaguers coming to camp on minor-league invitations.
Hey, Hoynsie: Why did the team trade Jhonny Peralta without a suitable replacement? -- Rico Torres, Cleveland
Hey, Rico: Where were you the last seven years when almost every Indians fans who could access the Internet wanted Peralta on the next bus out of town? Now you want him back -- you're too late, buddy.
The suitable replacement, at least in the minds of the Indians brass, will open the 2011 season at Class AAA Columbus. His name is Lonnie Chisenhall.
In case it escaped you, the Indians have been in fire sale mode for the last three years. Peralta was eligible for free agency at the end of the 2010 season and the Indians had no intention of picking up his 2011 option. That meant he was gone at the first opportunity -- suitable replacement or not suitable replacement.
Hey, Hoynsie: I am guilty of wishing the Dolans would sell the Indians to an owner who can be financially competitive. I've wondered, though, why they have not used their position to scream and shout for a salary cap, or much greater revenue sharing. I know we may see the end of the cap in the NFL, but that doesn't mean it didn't work. Where are the Dolans on this? Why don't they talk about it every time they make any public comments? I can, and do, complain about it. The Dolans, as MLB owners, are actually in a position to do something about it. -- Jack Bacevice, Cleveland
Hey, Jack: The Dolans know the drawbacks of MLB's system better than most, but if you cruise the Internet I don't think you'll see any small-, mid- or big-market team complaining about its plight, including instituting a salary cap or requesting more money in revenue sharing.
It doesn't mean the Dolans haven't raised the issue at owners meetings. It doesn't mean they're not seeking some kind of relief when the next contract is negotiated in December. It just means they're not going to take on Commissioner Bud Selig in a public forum. Just to get one thing straight -- the chances of getting a salary cap anytime in the near or distance future are not good.
Hey, Hoynsie: What are the rules for small-market teams as to who they can sign during free agency? Why was Tampa allowed to sign Manny Ramirez? -- Bobby Thurmond, Brunswick
Hey, Bobby: There are no rules. A team can sign whoever it wants as long as it's owner wants to spend the cash. That's why it's called a free agency.
Hey, Hoynsie: Bob Feller got some wonderful coverage after he passed away. I think I read every inch of it. There were a couple of items of interest which were not noted (unless I missed them). Hal Naragon was mentioned, but while Hal and Frankie Pytlak were catchers, didn't Bob consider Rollie Hemsley to be his personal catcher? Rollie used to catch Bob with a slab of steak in his mitt. I attended the first game in our new stadium with my three sons and when we went past Feller's statue I mentioned that his left leg wasn't near high enough, like it is in Jeff Darcy's editorial cartoon to Bob a few days after Bob died, where Bob said his best strike out was Hitler. Don't you think so? -- Henry Hegrat, Maple Heights
Hey, Henry: According to Russell Schneider's excellent encyclopedia on the Indians, Hemsley became Feller's personal catcher after working behind the plate on Feller's Opening Day no-hitter against Chicago on April 16, 1940. The arrangement stayed intact until Hemsley was traded the next year.
Pytlak caught for the Indians from 1932-40 and Naragon from 1951-59. They each caught Feller. As for the statue outside Progressive Field not capturing Feller's true delivery, even the most skilled artist sometimes can't recapture real art.
Hey, Hoynsie: I urged the Dolans to sell because they can't or won't compete. I said we fans have no recourse because we have to accept ownership that's dealt to us. Your answer was "Fans always have a recourse...don't buy a ticket or turn off the TV/radio." If enough disenchanted fans take your "recourse" as advice, I can visualize a flashback to 1967 when the Indians draw 662,000 (8,185 per game average) and Gabe Paul was on the verge of making a deal to play "home" games in New Orleans. -- Burt Laderman, Aurora
Hey, Burt: The last time I checked, the Dolans weren't selling the Indians. Never fear, you still have options: You can go to the ballpark and watch this young team go through a developmental stage and see if they can turn themselves into a contender. Even the Indians great teams from 1995 through 2001 stumbled in the early 1990s.
If they do emerge as a contender, ownership has showed in the past it will spend to improve the team.
You can stop going to the ballpark, thus sending ownership a message of your disapproval of their operating plan. Believe me, it will make an impression.
Or you can keep writing me and complaining as if Indians fans are the only fans going through this situation. Check out Pittsburgh, Kansas City, Baltimore and Toronto.
Hey, Hoynsie: Do you know if the Indians tried to sign Micah Owings this winter before Arizona did? Although he would be a relief pitcher, he could have been a backup first baseman and DH. His lifetime batting average is .293 and he has nine home runs in something like 180 at-bats and his slugging percentage is well over .500. He would have been a good RH bat off the bench or as a DH and still pitch occasionally. -- Joe Eversole, Pelham, Ala.
Hey, Joe: Tribe was never interested in Owings. If they were it would have been as a pitcher, not a hitter. He hasn't had an ERA below 5.34 in the last three seasons.
-- Hoynsie


It is up to you what you want to create utilizing the recycled wood pallets because everything made with it looks outstanding and shows the creativity of the individual. You can create a pet house for keeping your pet safe from the environment, furniture can be made using the pallets that are inexpensive and you can also create table with chairs to enjoy in the lawn. Creating the items with the pallets is a unique idea which is not used by every person who is creative; there are many projects from which you can select an idea to inspire others.
Not only can the TV launch be decorated with the wall art for the TV stand, but the kitchen can also be adorned using the reclaimed wooden pallets if the person considers creating the kitchen cabinets which makes the area look impressive.
Creating a deck floor utilizing the repurposed wood pallets is an innovative idea which not every person considers when trying adding everything innovative in the home. It is a good idea to make a deck floor in the entrance to make it look different from the entrance of common homes.
You can see the stylish outdoor furniture made up of recycled wood pallets here and you can make it for your home as well because it is simple to make and not much extra items are required for its creation. A person can paint the pallets if he/she wants to add color to it.
An amazing coffee table is presented here, for which a person requires white and brown paint. The border is painted white; it can be painted black as well. The coffee table looks good like this one when painted with brown color.
If anyone wants to decorate the bedroom uniquely and have the repurposed wood pallets at home, then nothing is better than using them for the wall art. Cutting the pallets and painting them with different dark colors consumes some time for the wall art.
For those who want to increase the storage as well as use the item for having the meal 3 times a day, this idea of creating the kitchen island is great. The unique thing about the wooden pallets is that they are not costly and the item can be created at a low rate rather than buying it at a high rate from the market.


text:
/* Written by James Youngman <jay@gnu.org>.
 */

int get_regex_type(const char *s);

enum {
  CONTEXT_FINDUTILS = 1u,
  CONTEXT_GENERIC   = 2u,
  CONTEXT_ALL = CONTEXT_GENERIC|CONTEXT_FINDUTILS,
};

const char * get_regex_type_name(unsigned int ix);
int get_regex_type_flags(unsigned int ix);
int get_regex_type_synonym(unsigned int ix);
unsigned int get_regex_type_context(unsigned int ix);


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Home » EU Exit » EU Exit FAQs
EU Exit FAQs
EU Exit Questions and Answers
First published: April 2019
Updated: 8 June 2021
The UK has now left the European Union. Previously, the way in which ARB recognised European qualifications for architects registering in the UK was set out in the Mutual Recognition of Professional Qualifications Directive (Directive 2005/36/EC) (MRPQD). This Directive ceased to apply from 1 January 2021. The Directive also ceased to apply for those holding UK qualifications looking to register in Europe.
As outlined by government, interim arrangements have been put in place from 1 January 2021.
ARB has prepared the following Questions and Answers to help provide information about those arrangements.
This is the latest information we have available. If you have individual questions please email info@arb.org.uk. Please note that we are unable to provide any additional guidance by telephone.
Please see our Glossary below for an explanation of the terms used on this page.
EEA qualifications and registration
1. I am currently registered with ARB and hold EEA qualifications, will I be affected?
If you are already registered with ARB, you are entitled to remain on the Register and your registration will not be affected. You do not need to do anything and you do not need to contact us.
You will be required, as always, to renew your registration each year by paying the annual retention fee.
2. How does the interim system of recognition from 1 January 2021 work?
Under the interim system of recognition we rely on a 'frozen' version of Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD for registration purposes, as it existed at 11pm on 31 December 2020. The most recent version of the Annex, and the one which we rely on, was published by the European Commission in February 2020.
3. I hold qualifications listed in Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD, what do the changes for mean for me?
Those who hold qualifications that were listed in the 'frozen' Annex V.7.1 (see question 2) and have access to the profession in the state that the qualification was issued (or an ARB prescribed Part 3) are still eligible to apply for registration. You can apply for registration by following this link.
4. I hold qualifications listed in Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD but do not have EEA rights, what do the changes mean for me?
The former MRPQD system was only open to those with EEA rights. This is not the case under the interim system which came into effect on 1 January 2021. Provided you have qualifications that were listed in the 'frozen' Annex V (see question 2) and have access to the profession in the state the qualification was issued (or an ARB prescribed Part 3), you are able to register in the UK. You can apply for registration by following this link.
5. I hold EU qualifications which are not listed in Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD, what do the changes for mean for me?
You will need to seek Part 1 and subsequently Part 2 recognition through the Prescribed Examination. You will also need to secure an ARB-recognised Part 3 qualification from a UK School of Architecture.
6. I hold overseas qualifications that have been recognised by another European Competent Authority, what do the changes mean for me?
7. I hold Irish qualifications, what do the changes mean for me?
ARB and the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI) have agreed a memorandum of understanding that became effective on 1 January 2021. The memorandum states that the both parties agree to recognise appropriate UK and Irish qualifications for the purposes of registration until any new UK-EU mutual recognition agreement is implemented. You can find a copy of the Memorandum of Understanding here. You can apply for registration by following this link.
8. Will the interim arrangements delay my registration?
New applications which are submitted without relevant competent authority statements or other key documents will be delayed, so please ensure you submit all the relevant documents when making your application. We will contact you if we need any further information or clarifications. Please do not contact us once your application has been submitted.
9. What are the costs of registering under the interim arrangements?
If you are applying for registration for the first time the fee will consist of a £119 annual registration fee and £35 one off application fee. There are no changes to the current charges.
UK qualifications and registration
10. I hold UK qualifications and am registered with ARB. Can I register automatically in an EEA Member State from 1 January 2021?
This will depend on the regulations within the European Member State in which you wish to practise and how it has decided to deal with the registration of those holding UK qualifications. The European Commission has however issued guidance on this topic. You will need to contact the relevant competent authority in the European Member State in which you wish to practise for information about the application process and the documents you need to provide. We are unable to contact the competent authority on your behalf or advise on their regulations or registration requirements at this point.
11. I hold UK qualifications and am registered with ARB. Will ARB continue to liaise with EEA Member States' Competent Authorities to assist me in my application to register with them?
We will continue to issue certificates confirming factual information about your UK qualifications if requested. We will provide further detail about how this will work once further information is available.
12. I have completed my Part 1 qualification in the UK and am about to undertake an ARB recognised Part 2 qualification. How do the interim arrangements affect me?
We will continue to recognise your qualifications for the purposes of registration. The right to automatic recognition of UK Part 1 and Part 2 qualifications throughout Europe has however ceased. How your qualifications will be treated within the EEA will depend on the regulations within the specific EEA Member State.
13. I have completed my Part 1 in the UK and am now undertaking (or intend to take) a Masters level qualification in architecture in the EEA. How do the interim arrangements affect me if I wish to return to the UK to undertake a Part 3 and register with ARB?
If your qualification is listed in the 'frozen' version of Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD (see question 2) and is awarded whilst the interim arrangements are in place, we will be able to recognise it as Part 2 equivalent through a simple administrative process based on information issued by the relevant European competent authority. The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) undertook a consultation on what the future system will be for recognising international qualifications after that time. Please see question 15 below for more information on future developments.
International (i.e. non EEA) qualifications and registration
14. I hold international (i.e. non EEA) qualifications in architecture. Will I be able to register with ARB under the interim arrangements?
The interim arrangements do not impact on the way in which ARB recognises international qualifications in architecture. If you hold non-UK or non-EEA qualifications, you will need to seek Part 1 and subsequently Part 2 recognition through the Prescribed Examination. You will also need to secure an ARB-recognised Part 3 qualification from a UK School of Architecture. Accreditation or recognition of qualifications by other bodies or organisations does not imply any recognition by ARB.
15. These are interim arrangements. What will happen next?
A review of the interim arrangements, including a public consultation, was undertaken by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The Government has now published the Professional Qualifications Bill, which if passed will amend the Architects Act 1997 to allow holders of qualifications which ARB deems as equivalent to UK standards to enter the UK register.
Provided the Bill is passed, ARB will need to determine which international qualifications can offer an equivalent level of architectural skills, knowledge, experience and behaviours necessary for practice in the UK. We may also set further training or tests that would be required in addition to specific international qualifications, to ensure a consistent level of public protection – for example, to ensure international architects have a sound understanding of UK-specific regulations.
ARB is currently developing the principles that will guide this work and the decisions we'll be making about international qualifications. We intend to publish these and invite feedback on them, before making decisions and introducing any changes. You can find more information in the 'New Recognition System for International Architects' section of our summary of proposed changes to the Act and what this means for ARB.
The interim arrangements that are outlined above will continue to operate until the new legislation becomes effective.
As the Professional Qualifications Bill needs to pass through both Houses of Parliament, it may be subject to revisions as it progresses. We will continue to share information through our usual communications channels such as our website and social media pages as the Bill progresses and timings become clearer.
ARB– Architects Registration Board
Competent authority– a person or organisation with the legal authority to deal with a particular matter.
EEA– European Economic Area – a free trade zone consisting of the member states of the EU, plus Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein
Listed qualification– a qualification approved through the European Commission's notification process and listed under Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD
Mutual recognition – a process through which ARB (and EU competent authorities) formerly automatically recognised listed qualifications under Annex V.7.1 of the MRPQD for the purposes of registration in that country
Registration Routes Graphic
EU Exit Statistics
Update on the development of ARB's international routes to registration


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de Jong, Simone, et al. (författare)
Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - Nature Publishing Group. - 2399-3642. ; 1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders.
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Musliner, Katherine L., et al. (författare)
Association of Polygenic Liabilities for Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia With Risk for Depression in the Danish Population
Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - Chicago : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238. ; 76:5, s. 516-525
IMPORTANCE: Although the usefulness of polygenic risk scores as a measure of genetic liability for major depression (MD) has been established, their association with depression in the general population remains relatively unexplored.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether polygenic risk scores for MD, bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) are associated with depression in the general population and explore whether these polygenic liabilities are associated with heterogeneity in terms of age at onset and severity at the initial depression diagnosis.DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were drawn from the Danish iPSYCH2012 case-cohort study, a representative sample drawn from the population of Denmark born between May 1, 1981, and December 31, 2005. The hazard of depression was estimated using Cox regressions modified to accommodate the case-cohort design. Case-only analyses were conducted using linear and multinomial regressions. The data analysis was conducted from February 2017 to June 2018.EXPOSURES: Polygenic risk scores for MD, BD, and SZ trained using the most recent genome-wide association study results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was first depressive episode (international Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code F32) treated in hospital-based psychiatric care. Severity at the initial diagnosis was measured using the ICD-10 code severity specifications (mild, moderate, severe without psychosis, and severe with psychosis) and treatment setting (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency).RESULTS: Of 34 573 participants aged 10 to 31 years at censoring, 68% of those with depression were female compared with 48.9% of participants without depression. Each SD increase in polygenic liability for MD, BD, and SZ was associated with 30% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.27-1.33), 5% (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), and 12% (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15) increases in the hazard of depression, respectively. Among cases, a higher polygenic liability for BD was associated with earlier depression onset (beta =-.07; SE =.02; P =.002).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Polygenic ability for MD is associated with first depress on in the general population, which supports the idea that these scores tap into an underlying liability for developing the disorder. The fact that polygenic risk for BD and polygenic risk for SZ also were associated with depression is consistent with prior evidence that these disorders share some common genetic overlap. Variations in polygenic liability may contribute slightly to heterogeneity in clinical presentation, but these associations appear minimal.
Stahl, Eli A, et al. (författare)
Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - 1061-4036. ; 51:5, s. 793-803
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P < 1 × 10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder.
Charney, Alexander W, et al. (författare)
Contribution of Rare Copy Number Variants to Bipolar Disorder Risk Is Limited to Schizoaffective Cases.
Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - 1873-2402.
Genetic risk for bipolar disorder (BD) is conferred through many common alleles, while a role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) is less clear. Subtypes of BD including schizoaffective disorder bipolar type (SAB), bipolar I disorder (BD I), and bipolar II disorder (BD II) differ according to the prominence and timing of psychosis, mania, and depression. The genetic factors contributing to the combination of symptoms among these subtypes are poorly understood.Rare large CNVs were analyzed in 6353 BD cases (3833 BD I [2676 with psychosis, 850 without psychosis, and 307 with unknown psychosis history], 1436 BD II, 579 SAB, and 505 BD not otherwise specified) and 8656 controls. CNV burden and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia were used to evaluate the relative contributions of rare and common variants to risk of BD, BD subtypes, and psychosis.CNV burden did not differ between BD and controls when treated as a single diagnostic entity. However, burden in SAB was increased relative to controls (p = .001), BD I (p = .0003), and BD II (p = .0007). Burden and schizophrenia PRSs were increased in SAB compared with BD I with psychosis (CNV p = .0007, PRS p = .004), and BD I without psychosis (CNV p = .0004, PRS p = 3.9 × 10-5). Within BD I, psychosis was associated with increased schizophrenia PRSs (p = .005) but not CNV burden.CNV burden in BD is limited to SAB. Rare and common genetic variants may contribute differently to risk for psychosis and perhaps other classes of psychiatric symptoms.
Genovese, Giulio, et al. (författare)
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Blood-Cancer Risk Inferred from Blood DNA Sequence
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 371:26, s. 2477-2487
Background Cancers arise from multiple acquired mutations, which presumably occur over many years. Early stages in cancer development might be present years before cancers become clinically apparent. Methods We analyzed data from whole-exome sequencing of DNA in peripheral-blood cells from 12,380 persons, unselected for cancer or hematologic phenotypes. We identified somatic mutations on the basis of unusual allelic fractions. We used data from Swedish national patient registers to follow health outcomes for 2 to 7 years after DNA sampling. Results Clonal hematopoiesis with somatic mutations was observed in 10% of persons older than 65 years of age but in only 1% of those younger than 50 years of age. Detectable clonal expansions most frequently involved somatic mutations in three genes (DNMT3A, ASXL1, and TET2) that have previously been implicated in hematologic cancers. Clonal hematopoiesis was a strong risk factor for subsequent hematologic cancer (hazard ratio, 12.9; 95% confidence interval, 5.8 to 28.7). Approximately 42% of hematologic cancers in this cohort arose in persons who had clonality at the time of DNA sampling, more than 6 months before a first diagnosis of cancer. Analysis of bone marrow-biopsy specimens obtained from two patients at the time of diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia revealed that their cancers arose from the earlier clones. Conclusions Clonal hematopoiesis with somatic mutations is readily detected by means of DNA sequencing, is increasingly common as people age, and is associated with increased risks of hematologic cancer and death. A subset of the genes that are mutated in patients with myeloid cancers is frequently mutated in apparently healthy persons; these mutations may represent characteristic early events in the development of hematologic cancers.
Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence.
Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 371:26, s. 2477-87
Cancers arise from multiple acquired mutations, which presumably occur over many years. Early stages in cancer development might be present years before cancers become clinically apparent.
Goes, Fernando S, et al. (författare)
Exome Sequencing of Familial Bipolar Disorder.
Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - 2168-6238. ; 73:6, s. 590-7
Complex disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD), likely result from the influence of both common and rare susceptibility alleles. While common variation has been widely studied, rare variant discovery has only recently become feasible with next-generation sequencing.
Huckins, Laura M., et al. (författare)
Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - 1546-1718. ; 51:4, s. 659-
Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression.
Humphreys, Keith, et al. (författare)
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 6:8
Patterns of genetic diversity have previously been shown to mirror geography on a global scale and within continents and individual countries. Using genome-wide SNP data on 5174 Swedes with extensive geographical coverage, we analyzed the genetic structure of the Swedish population. We observed strong differences between the far northern counties and the remaining counties. The population of Dalarna county, in north middle Sweden, which borders southern Norway, also appears to differ markedly from other counties, possibly due to this county having more individuals with remote Finnish or Norwegian ancestry than other counties. An analysis of genetic differentiation (based on pairwise F-st) indicated that the population of Sweden's southernmost counties are genetically closer to the HapMap CEU samples of Northern European ancestry than to the populations of Sweden's northernmost counties. In a comparison of extended homozygous segments, we detected a clear divide between southern and northern Sweden with small differences between the southern counties and considerably more segments in northern Sweden. Both the increased degree of homozygosity in the north and the large genetic differences between the south and the north may have arisen due to a small population in the north and the vast geographical distances between towns and villages in the north, in contrast to the more densely settled southern parts of Sweden. Our findings have implications for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to the matching of cases and controls and the need for within-county matching. We have shown that genetic differences within a single country may be substantial, even when viewed on a European scale. Thus, population stratification needs to be accounted for, even within a country like Sweden, which is often perceived to be relatively homogenous and a favourable resource for genetic mapping, otherwise inferences based on genetic data may lead to false conclusions.
Lichtenstein, Paul, et al. (författare)
Recurrence risks for schizophrenia in a Swedish national cohort
Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 36:10, s. 1417-1425
Background. Recurrence risk estimates for schizophrenia are fundamental to our understanding of this complex disease. Widely cited estimates are from small/older samples. If these estimates are biased upwards, then the rationale for molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia may not be as solid.Method. We created a population-based, Swedish national cohort by linking two Swedish national registers into a relational database (the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and the MultiGeneration Register). Affection was defined as the lifetime presence of at least two in-patient hospitalizations with a core schizophrenia diagnosis.Results. Merging the Swedish national registers created a population-based cohort of 7 739 202 individuals of known parentage. The lifetime prevalence of the narrow definition of schizophrenia was 0(.)407% and we estimated that one in every 79 extended Swedish families had been impacted by schizophrenia. The proportion of affected families with multiple affected members was 3(.)81%. Recurrence risk estimates for all relative types were strikingly similar to those reported in smaller and older studies. For example, we estimated lambda(sibs) at 8(.)55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7(.)86-9(.)57] compared with a literature estimate of 8(.)6.Conclusions. In the largest and most comprehensive sample yet studied, we confirm the accepted estimates of recurrence risks for schizophrenia, and provide more accurate estimates of recurrence risks of schizophrenia in relatives, an estimate of the familial impact of schizophrenia, and the multiplex proportion (essential for gauging the generalizability of findings from multiplex pedigrees). These data may be valuable for planning and interpreting genetic studies of schizophrenia.
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On February 5, Wynton was at Yale University for a musical "Q&A" at the United Church on the Green.
The Chubb Fellowship also sponsored a delicious lunch and a special guest event exclusively for the students of Timothy Dwight College at the Union League Cafe. Wynton was the guest and he spoke of the attitude of jazz, his philosophy of music, New Orleans, and many other things.
Thanks for linking to my post! Say hi to Wynton for me—he gave a great talk. I asked him the question of his musical experiences when growing up, near the end of the talk.