text:
Admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree is a judgment by the faculty of the student's department or school on the potential to successfully complete the requirements of the degree program. Students are expected to complete department qualifying procedures and apply for candidacy by the end of their second year in the Ph.D. program. Candidacy is valid for five years, subject to satisfactory academic progress.
Admission to candidacy marks the end of a doctoral student's initial study period. Each department has an assessment procedure by which it pronounces the students qualified to pursue the Ph.D. and admits them as a candidate for the Ph.D. By admitting the student to candidacy, the department states its judgment that the student has the knowledge and ability to complete a research project and present it as a dissertation within the applicable time limits.
Committee on Graduate Studies (policy)
Office of the Registrar via Stanford Services & Support (implementation)
Departmental Office (implementation)
Ph.D. & D.M.A. students and programs.
2. Time Limit for Completion of Degree with Candidacy
Admission to a doctoral degree program is preliminary to, and distinct from, admission to candidacy. Admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree is a judgment by the faculty in the department or school of the student's potential to successfully complete the requirements of the degree program. Students are expected to complete department qualifying procedures and apply for candidacy by the end of their second year in the Ph.D. program. Honors Cooperative students must apply by the end of their fourth year. Candidacy is valid for five calendar years (through the end of the quarter in which candidacy expires), unless terminated by the department (for example, for unsatisfactory progress). A Pregnancy or Parental Leave of Absence automatically extends the pre-candidacy or candidacy period (see GAP 5.9, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Adoption, for details).
Admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree is granted by the major department following a student's successful completion of qualifying procedures as determined by the department. Departmental policy determines procedures for subsequent attempts to advance to candidacy in the event that the student does not successfully complete the procedures. Failure to advance to candidacy results in the dismissal of the student from the doctoral program (see GAP 5.6, Dismissal for Academic and Professional Reasons).
Candidacy is confirmed on the Application for Candidacy for Doctoral Degree (or a departmental version of this form). This form also specifies a departmentally approved program of study to fulfill degree requirements, including required course work, language requirements, teaching requirements, dissertation (final project and public lecture-demonstration for D.M.A.), and University oral examination (for Ph.D.). The department should confirm at this point that the student's program will meet all University and department requirements.
Prior to candidacy, at least 3 units of course work must be taken with each of four Stanford faculty members. To reiterate, however, a student will only be admitted to candidacy if, in addition to the student fulfilling departmental prerequisites, the faculty makes the judgment that the student has the potential to successfully complete the requirements of the degree program.
If the Ph.D. student is pursuing a minor, approval by the department awarding the minor is also required on the Application for Candidacy.
Students are required to maintain active candidacy through conferral of the doctoral degree. All requirements for the degree must be completed before candidacy expires. Candidacy is valid for five calendar years (through the end of the quarter in which candidacy expires), unless terminated by the department (for example, for unsatisfactory progress). The time limit is not automatically extended by a student's leave of absence.
Failure to make minimum progress or complete university, department, and program requirements in a timely or satisfactory manner may lead to dismissal (see GAP 5.6, Dismissal for Academic Reasons).
All requests for extension, whether prompted by a leave or some other circumstance, must be filed by the student before the conclusion of the program's time limit, using the Application for Extension of Candidacy or Master's Program form. Departments are not obligated to grant an extension. Students may receive a maximum of one additional year of candidacy per extension. Extensions require review by the department of a dissertation progress report, a timetable for completion of the dissertation, any other factors regarded as relevant by the department, and approval by the department; such approval is at the department's discretion.
A Pregnancy or Parental Leave of Absence will also result in an extension of candidacy (or of the pre-candidacy period). See GAP 5.9, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Adoption, for details.
GAP 3.1, Registration, Enrollment and Academic Progress
GAP 4.5, Doctoral Degrees: Requirements
GAP 5.5, Enrollment Holds
GAP 5.6, Dismissal for Academic and Professional Reasons
GAP 5.9, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Adoption
Related Bulletin Sections
Doctor of Philosophy: Candidacy
Related Information and Forms
Application for Candidacy for Doctoral Degree (pdf)
Application for Ph.D. Minor (pdf)
Application for Extension of Candidacy or Master's Program (pdf)
Memo, Phd Candidacy Issues (Richard Roberts, 2012) [pdf]


text:
Wave of attacks kills 56 in Iraq
BAGHDAD - Agence France-Presse
Iraqi rescue workers gather at the site of a car bomb attack in Kirkuk, 290 km north of Baghdad, Iraq, 07 September 2012. EPA photo
A series of more than 20 attacks across Iraq killed 56 people and wounded over 250 others on Saturday and Sunday, security and medical officials said, with targets including security forces and markets.
The latest violence brings the number of people killed in attacks so far this month to 86, according to an AFP tally based on security and medical sources.
Dr Ali al-Alaa, a Maysan province health department official, said the blasts killed 14 people and wounded 60.
Before midnight on Saturday, gunmen opened fire on an army checkpoint near Balad north of Baghdad and a roadside bomb exploded when additional soldiers arrived at the scene.
Eleven soldiers, including two officers, were killed and eight others wounded, an army colonel and a medical source at Balad hospital said.
A police captain was also shot dead on Saturday night in the town of Garma, security and medical officials said.
Early Sunday morning, a car bomb exploded in a car park at the rear gate of state-owned North Oil Company, 15 kilometres from the northern city of Kirkuk, killing seven people and wounding 17 others, police and Dr Othman Abdul Rahman said.
The victims were seeking to join a force that guards oil facilities, a police officer said.
In Kirkuk itself, two bombings killed three people and wounded 70 others, police and Dr Mohammed Abdullah said.
The blasts left body parts strewn in the streets, destroyed cars, and damaged government buildings, an AFP correspondent said.
The streets were deserted after the attacks.
A car bomb seriously wounded six soldiers west of Kirkuk, according to army Captain Taha Khalaf, while another in Hawija, also west of the city, wounded two people, security and medical sources said.
Volatile, oil-rich Kirkuk province is part of a swathe of disputed territory in northern Iraq that the autonomous Kurdistan region wants to incorporate over opposition from Baghdad.
Three soldiers were killed in clashes with insurgents in Abu Ghraib area, west of Baghdad, an interior ministry official and a medical source from Abu Ghraib hospital said.
Three car bombs exploded in Taji, north of the capital, killing one person and wounding at least seven others, an interior ministry official said and a medical source said.
And five roadside bombs exploded in and around Baquba, killing a soldier and wounding 17 others, a police colonel and a doctor said.
In the former insurgent stronghold of Fallujah, a sniper shot dead a soldier, army Captain Saadun al-Mohammedi and Dr Hamed Iyad from Fallujah hospital said.
In Nasiriyah, 305 kilometres south of Baghdad, a bomb exploded at around 9:00 am Sunday near a French honorary consulate, causing material damage and wounding an unspecified number of people, a French diplomat said.
The city's website put the toll from the bombing at one dead and one wounded.
The foreign ministry in France said in a statement that it "condemns with the greatest firmness the attacks in several Iraqi cities since yesterday which have killed more than 50 people and led to hundreds being wounded." Meanwhile, a car bomb exploded in front of a hotel in Nasiriyah, killing two people and wounding two others, according to the head of Nasiriyah hospital, Ahmed Abdul Saheb, and a security source.
Attacks in Tuz Khurmatu, 175 kilometres north of Baghdad killed four people, including a police captain and wounded 31, among them a police second lieutenant, its mayor Shalal Abdul and police Lieutenant Colonel Khaled al-Bayati said.
In the southern port city of Basra, a car bomb in a market killed three people and wounded at least 20 others, police and a medical official said.
In Tal Afar 380 kilometres northwest of Baghdad, a car bomb exploded about 8:30 am killing two people and wounding seven, police First Lieutenant Abed Ghayib and Dr Waad Mohammed from Tal Afar hospital said.
And south of Samarra, a city north of Baghdad, another car bomb killed two police, including Colonel Thair Idris, and wounded two others, a police lieutenant colonel and a medical source said.
Violence in Iraq is down significantly from its peak in 2006 and 2007, but attacks remain common, and killed 278 people in August according to an AFP tally based on security and medical officials.
UK to require all arrivals quarantine as virus deaths rise
North Korea shows off new submarine-launched missile at parade

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
"Hey dol! merry dol! ring a dong dillo! Ring a dong! hop along! fal lal the willow!"
J.R.R.R.R. Tolkien (Short for Jolkien Rolkien Rolkien Rolkien Tolkien) was the historian who discovered that the true history of the earth was being covered up by forces that did not want the general population to know of the existence of dragons, elves, hobbits, magic, etc, in order to maintain control over their people.
Tolkien's greatest invention was the fantasy industry. Without his influence, online collaborative games would all be about spies or snowboarding or something and goths would have to dress in pastel casuals. But thanks to Tolkien, gamers, goths, hippies, occultists and heavy metal bands have a rich reference-iconography of dark overlords, wizards, orcs, funny lettering, dungeons, bad fashion and awesome films to smoke dope to, allowing contact with the real world to be minimized.
3 Jerk Tolkien
4 Saruman controversy
Tolkien was born in 1066 to a hobbit awkwardly named Tolkien's Mom and Tang Dynasty war hero Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Tolkien. He was given birth to in a chopshop amid the sprawling grasslands of central New Jersey. A prophecy told of his birth as the fruits of an Inuit and yet another hobbit. His biological mother found this odd as she was never married to an Inuit, although the rumors were put to rest on the Maury Povich show when Kareem was proved once and for all to be the father. The prophecy also said that within 5 hours of his birth he would successfully fight for hobbit rights among the population of New Jersey, and he did. A precocious child, he also learned to speak Welsh, Japanese, French, and Klingon within twenty minutes of his birth. He would go on to master the Inuit language, and is personally responsible for forty-seven of their eighty-two words describing snow.
For the religious among us who choose to believe lies, the so-called experts at Wikipedia think they have an article about J. R. R. Tolkien.
Whilst swimming in the tepid waters of the Atlantic, he would be swept out to sea by a riptide, eventually washing ashore in England shortly after the Norman conquest. Sheltering in a foxhole in the Dartmoor, he would gradually grow into a young, crotchety, tweed-coated philologist. During this time he lived off the blood of native English emus, and is largely responsible for their extinction in the British Isles.
J. R. R. Tolkien in his tweedy glory
Tolkien eventually decided to become a professor at a small, hole-in-the-wall university known as Oxford. There he ostensibly taught language and comparative mythology, though the majority of his classes were taken up with rambling complaints about motor cars, hulu-hoops and Kids These Days. It was during this time that his customary pipe melded with the flesh of his lower lip, becoming a permanent smoldering appendage. He eventually created and taught a class dubbed Stay Off the Grass 101, wherein he would chide his young pupils for their frivolous tastes in music, culture, and lack of appreciation for emu flesh.
Tolkien is remembered as having a near-homicidal response to the word 'menu.' Whenever the word was uttered in his presence, he would fly into a frothing rage, spewing Old English profanities and ripping at his waistcoat. Other words were rumored to cause similar reactions, among them 'bosom,' 'radish,' 'hippie,' and 'endoplasmic reticulum.'
In 3047, Tolkien was grading papers when he randomly wrote on one of them, "In a hole in the ground there lived a small, hairy-footed pot smoker with a fat, jiggling ass and a predilection for tea." This became the opening line of his first literary masterpiece, known by many as 'The Hobbit' but originally titled 'The Stoned, Whiny Little Rodent-Man.' The original draft described the adventures of Bilbo Baggins and his incessant craving for freshly roasted emu; however, at the request of his publisher the emu references were stricken, replaced by gold rings and wolves and talking coin purses and dragons and black arrows and a whole host of other crap.
Gandalf begging for wizard work in Hobbiton
The popularity of The Hobbit led Tolkien to write a second book, The Lord of the Things. Tolkien wrote the entire 500,000 word novel in a single sitting, going for two years without sleep, water, or social interaction. In fact he subsisted on a diet of mescaline-laced burritos and houseflies that he would lure into the bowl of his pipe with sweet-smelling nectars. The character of Gollum was based on what he himself turned into when his wife (a Jamaican frog wrangler named Tootie), tried to get him to give up his pipe and hid his tobacco for 3 days.
Finally, the book was completed: an epic story in which hobbits danced, ate, smoked dubious substances, and slept. He sent it to his publisher, who courteously responded by asking, "What the fuck is this shit?" Far from discouraged, Tolkien quickly inserted a quest narrative, largely lifted from Beowulf (and its lesser known sequel, Beocow). The book was published in three volumes, since condensing the novel into a single volume risked the creation of an ultra-dense black hole. Over the years numerous Tolkien fans have made the fatal error of shelving the three volumes side-by-side, often paying with their lives as their bodies spaghetti into the resulting singularity.
Tolkien lived the remainder of his life in relative peace. He died at the ripe age of 2007, finally succumbing to his lifelong struggle with chronic Bombadilism. His final words were 'Ach naz haghth maz badhth hyuooo bilch eglampoot,' or, loosely translated, 'Ach naz haghth maz badth hyuoo blourch eglannipple.'
'How much further Master Frodo?'. 'Another 200 pages, not including the appendices Sam'.
He is credited with killing Osama Bin Ladin and creating happy tree friends, the Yellow Pages, and The Book of Mormon.
His written work is characterized by disputes over the ownership of jewelry, and the hand injuries that occur as a result.
His most famous work to date was ripping off Peter Jackson's great Lord of the Dicks trilogy (which later became Lord of the Rings) to the written word. His direction, and portrayals of Gollum and Sméagol earned him several Oscars. In fact Tolkien did not come up with one single original idea at all. The work was totally derivative, unlike Eragon, which Tolkien also stole from. Still, he's dead now - karma and all that...
Tolkien chronicled the history he discovered in the three volume set titled 'Lord of the Rings' but was unable to finish the fourth volume where he reveals that the Dark Lord did not perish when the ring was destroyed in the fires of the cracks of doom, but hid for a number of years before inventing a religion soon after man emerged from Middle-earth to regular Earth called Scientology which predated Judaism by ninety billion googol years, Christianity by eleventy trillion, and Islam by one, and changing his name to L. Ron Hubbard (which later pretended dead and came back as Hitler, and later as Britney Spears, and soon after as Bill Clinton) as a way to control and subvert the people of middle earth.
He was instead assassinated by those same guys in the red fez hats from 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade', which some suspect now to be members of the Nazgul - or more accurately, the Fezgul.
Tolkien's second most famous work was the The Tao of Pooh. He was also an authority on White Anglo-Saxon Pagans, and authored a book called The Joy of Seax.
He can also be mistaken for his older brother W.T.F Tolkien. Some have claimed that he also founded DNA, the Dyslexic National Association, but this claim cannot be substantiated at this time. Tolkien is also credited with inventing German, and writing its greatest piece of literature, Mein Kampf, which was first published in Spring 2001. Tolkien was also known for taking cat form every 4th Wednesday of the month, much like his younger brother and famous Actor Tom Cruise.
Later, Tolkien reinvented himself as a lion by the name of Aslan and got a boy who was named Simba. The rest is history.
"Gimme fiddy pee for more precioussssssss"
~ J.R.R. Tolkien on set, jonesing
Jerk Tolkien
It is traditional for undergraduates at Oxford University to celebrate St. Wystan's Day by digging up Tolkien's corpse. The cadaver is seasoned with allspice, peppers, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and thyme, roasted over an open fire, and eaten. The bones are replaced in the grave to grow fresh meat for the next drunken binge.
Saruman controversy
Gifted by God with great wisdom, Saruman was kicked in the testicles by Gandalf in a jealous rage. Tolkien only saw Saruman physically assaulting Gandalf, and began to write the history of Saruman based on false assumptions.
In his wee years, was raped raised by a Catholic priest.
He was also reputed to be the head of a secret society of monarchists who use film to undermine democracy and return the West to the Dark Ages. This secret order is called The Royal Society for Counter-Strike revolution.
It took Tolkien 86 years to write The Lord of the Rings because initially it was written as a series of 2,056,543 haikus.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Looking for painting and decorating in dubai ?
If you have your own gym and want to add your own flair to it, you may be overwhelmed with ideas. There are many components to a gym and different areas which will, of course, vary from gym to gym. Understanding what you can do with your gym is the key to making the appearance of your gym welcoming and exciting.
Use a color that is different from the typical, standard colors like white and beige. Try using brighter colors to make the gym look lively. Make sure to stay away from neon colors though anything too bright may be distracting or annoying. You could even try painting one wall one color and another wall on the other side a different color. Try using complementary colors for a look appealing to the eye.
Personalize your gym. If you or someone you know has an artistic side, try painting a logo on a wall with something that is unique to your gym. Paint your gym's name or your mascot on the wall, with the date your gym was established to make it a little bit of history.
Post your credentials. It's important for your clients to trust you and your certifications. It's one thing to say you have the credentials, but another to actually prove it. To verify your credentials, post any and all certifications you have on a wall that is easily visible. Make sure that you do this for anyone who is going to be training someone or leading classes.
Post candid photos. To build a bigger sense of community in your gym, take and post pictures of workouts or before-and-after pictures. Showing people's progress or showing the fun that people have at your gym, as well as what kinds of things potential customers can expect at your gym, can drive more business to your gym.
Install mirrors on at least two walls of your gym to make it look larger. Mirrors are also good for people to check their form and for a trainer to help point out their errors or what they are doing correctly. You should also make sure to have proper lighting, neither too harsh nor too dim, for both safety and welcoming aesthetics.
We all love to watch decorating shows and they always say the easiest and lowest cost decorating method is to paint the walls. Painting adds wonderful color to a room and can impart a theme or mood to the home. But if you live in an apartment and are prohibited from painting the walls, here are some great ways to add color without painting!
An easy way to define a space within a room and add color is an area rug. One large dramatic and colorful area rug is much better than multiple smaller area rugs scattered throughout a room. If you are decorating the living room, for example, select one large area rug to anchor the center of the room and then place the furnishing around this area rug with the coffee table in the center. Use this colorful area rug to pull colors from to use in other parts of the room such as wall art and curtains.
Use colorful curtains at the windows to add color to a room without painting. It will look more dramatic if you use solid color curtains or draperies and not prints. Make all the draperies or curtains the same color and purchase the longest length available. Mount the curtains way above the top of the window, as far up as you can with still having the curtains reach the floor. The curtains should puddle about 4-6 inches on the floor.
Of course you can add color to walls without painting by using wall art which you can purchase, but you can also make your own wall art, even if you are not an artist. Go to a crafts store and purchase premounted canvas that has gesso applied. Gesso is just a primer for the canvas that allows you to paint on top of it easily. These canvases come in many sizes but you will want to purchase the larger sizes, poster size or larger to make the biggest color impact statement for the room. Also get some aryclic craft paints that come in the 2 ounce bottles. These are very inexpensive and are water clean-up. Buy a few large brushes. Choose bold paint colors that reflect the theme of your room. If you are doing French Country style, you will want to choose golden yellows and lavenders to reflect the French Provence countryside. You do not need to paint a picture, unless you want to and are artistic. Simply paint the entire canvas the color of your choice. Then hang 3 large canvases side by side on your biggest wall. This will give the illusion that the room has been painted that color.
Another way to bring color to a wall in your apartment without painting the walls is to purchase a giant 9 x 12 foot canvas drop cloth which is available at any home improvement store. You can then paint this canvas using paint and a roller to paint the entire canvas, or paint using stencils or free-hand designs. Then hang this canvas on your largest wall.
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text:
You must accept the conditions of the form
Freedom for all catalan prisoners and exiles
Taking advantage of the arrival of hundreds of thousands of tourists in Catalonia during the summer months, from Òmnium Cultural we have launched a campaign to denounce the low democratic quality of the Spanish State. With the slogan "Freedom for All Catalan Political Prisoners & Exiles" we will explain to tourists from all over the world that there are details of the Spanish State that, surely, their travel guides do not explain. We are talking about the democratic regression that we live in the State, the deterioration of fundamental rights, the existence of political prisoners and exiles or the police repression of October 1. We awaken awareness and, in turn, we internationalize the political situation of Catalonia.
Tomorrow it could be you
'Tomorrow it could be you' is a new pro-civil rights campaign that denounces the regression of democratic standards that Spain has been experiencing over the last several years. By denouncing blatant violations of human rights, such as freedom of speech or the right to free assembly, we aim to raise awareness among our fellow citizens of this worrying situation.
This campaign is carried out by Òmnium Cultural and four pro-human rights associations: Institut de Drets Humans de Catalunya (The Catalan Human Rights Institute), Irídia – Centre per la defensa dels Drets Humans (Irídia – Pro-human rights centre), Institut Internacional per l'Acció Noviolenta (International Institute for non-violent action) and Fundació per la Pau (The Peace Foundation)
We want you back home
With this campaign, we want to make visible the multiple peaceful actions that are being carried out to demand the release of Jordi Cuixart, Jordi Sànchez and the other nine members of the Catalan government that have been imprisoned since October 2017, as well as the return of the exiles.
There is a website where everyone can be informed of the current legal situation and of the critical voices that have risen up against this injustice.
https://usvolemacasa.cat/en/
Call for democracy
Shared Struggles
A Normal Country
Catalans want to vote
Catalan weekend
From Monday to Thursday from 9 to 21 h
Friday from 9 to 19 h
This website uses its own and third-party cookies in order to allow you to navigate with predefined characteristics, the monitoring and analysis of your behavior and the management of advertising spaces. The access and use of the website implies your acceptance. For more information, you can access our Cookies Policy.


text:
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
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package services;
import core.Job;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import utils.*;

/**
 *
 * @author JUASP-G73-Android
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public class T2PipelineService extends ServicePipeline implements Runnable {

    /***************************************/
    /*************  METHODS ****************/
    /***************************************/
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                Job currentJob = this.popJob();

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                    Log.log("T2 Service Thread: the file: " + currentJob.getJobName() + " is being process...");

                    //add color to java keywords
                    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(alignas|alignof| and |and_eq|asm|atomic_cancel|atomic_commit|atomic_noexcept|auto |bitand|bitor|bool |break|case|catch|char |char16_t|char32_t|class|compl|vconcept|const|constexpr|const_cast|continue|decltype|default|delete|do |double|dynamic_cast|else|enum|explicit|export|extern|false|float|for|friend|goto|if|inline|int |import|long |module|mutable|namespace|new|noexcept|not|not_eq|nullptr|operator| or |or_eq|private|protected|public|register|reinterpret_cast|requires|return |short |signed|sizeof|static|static_assert|static_cast|struct|switch|synchronized|template|this|thread_local|throw|true|try|typedef|typeid|typename|union|unsigned|using|virtual|void|volatile|wchar_t|while|xor|xor_eq|override|final|transaction_safe|transaction_safe_dynamic)");
                    Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(currentJob.getContent());
                    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(currentJob.getContent().length());
                    while (matcher.find()) {
                        matcher.appendReplacement(sb, Matcher.quoteReplacement(""+matcher.group(1)+""));
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                    matcher.appendTail(sb);
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                    this.getNextService().addJob(currentJob);
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                    if(currentJob.isLastJob()){
                        Log.log("T2 Service Thread: the 'NoMoreJob' flag has been detected.");
                        run = false;
                    }
                }
                else{
                    //Thread.currentThread().sleep(10); // IF EMPTY WE SLEEP FOR A WHILE... TO GIVE TIME TO THE PRODUCER
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
                Log.log("T2 Service Thread: Exception: " + ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
            stop();
	}
    }

    private void stop(){
        Log.log("T2 Service Thread: is being stop....");
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
}


text:
TBI: 1 killed in officer-involved shooting in Roane County
by: WKRN Web Staff
ROANE COUNTY, Tenn. (WKRN) – The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation said they're investigating an officer-involved shooting in Roane County.
The shooting happened around 9:30 a.m. on Highway 27 near Rockwood. Investigators said Rockwood Police were called to the scene for a domestic altercation between a man and a woman inside a vehicle at that location.
The woman was able to leave the vehicle, and the man continued to drive.
Officers found the vehicle, and after a brief chase, the man stopped on the side of the road. TBI officials said when officers from Rockwood police and The Roane County Sheriff's office approached the vehicle, the man armed himself with a gun and waved it at officers.
A Rockwood officer then fired, hitting and killing the driver.
TBI has not released the name of the driver at this time.
No officers were injured in this incident.
This is an active and ongoing investigation. Troopers with the Tennessee Highway Patrol Critical Incident Response Team are assisting at the scene.
This is a developing story. Stay with News 2 and WKRN.com for updates.
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (AP) — DNA evidence belonging to a Tennessee death row inmate has been found on part of a knife used in the killings of a mother and daughter 33 years ago, but DNA from an unknown man also was found on the murder weapon, an attorney for Pervis Payne said in a Memphis court Tuesday.
Attorney Kelley Henry presented a report on DNA tests on the knife and other evidence ordered by Shelby County Criminal Court Judge Paula Skahan in September. Henry and the Innocence Project hope results of the tests could exonerate Payne in the 1987 fatal stabbings of Charisse Christopher and her 2-year-old daughter, Lacie Jo. Christopher's son, Nicholas, who was 3 at the time, also was stabbed but survived. Payne has maintained his innocence.
New images show bombing damage inside The Old Spaghetti Factory
Hidden camera found inside girls changing room at Franklin cheer studio, police say


Disney/Pixar's 2006 CG animated feature 'Cars' overcome production problems to become a solid hit, grossing $460 million worldwide and while the 2011 sequel did even better than that, it wasn't well regarded by fans for its change in story. Today's teaser trailer for 'Cars 3' looks to change tack again, with a dramatic shift that promises "everything will change".
According to Variety, the film will feature the return of the iconic red speeder Lightning McQueen, where he struggles to compete against a new generation of race cars. Voice artists Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Bonnie Hunt and Cheech Marin are all set to return.
'Cars 3' is set to hit cinemas in 2D and 3D in June 2017.


This page presents the Google satellite map (zoomable and browsable) of Willandra Billabong in New South Wales.
Geographical coordinates are -33.198501586 and 145.267898559 and its feature type is Stream. More information below.


text:
Mom: Allison Janney Talks About CBS Sitcom Being Cancelled
by Trevor Kimball, March 18, 2021
(Photo: Michael Yarish/ 2020 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved.)
Fans of the Mom TV series are understandably upset that CBS has cancelled the Thursday night sitcom and they aren't alone. Star Allison Janney (above, left) has expressed her disappointment that there won't be a ninth season.
The Mom TV series stars Janney, Mimi Kennedy, Jaime Pressly, Beth Hall, William Fichtner, and Kristen Johnston. In season eight, recovering addict Bonnie (Janney) must learn to adjust to life without her daughter and former-roommate, Christy (Anna Faris), around. With a chaotic past behind her and a newly empty nest, Bonnie focuses on her marriage to her husband, Adam (Fichtner), and on what she wants to be now that she's finally grown up. Now more than ever, Bonnie depends on the support of her friends, including wise Marjorie (Kennedy), wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill (Pressly), overly emotional Wendy (Hall), and her foster sister, Tammy (Johnston), who was recently released from prison. Through it all, these women help each other overcome their mistakes and stay sober in the face of whatever life throws their way.
The eighth season of Mom currently averages a 0.62 rating in the 18-49 demographic and 5.07 million viewers. Compared to season seven, that's down by 21% in the demo and down by 19% in viewership. Despite the declines, Mom is the second-highest-rated show on CBS' Thursday night schedule.
In a remote interview with James Corden on The Late Late Show, Janney was clearly upset when asked about the cancellation and said she had been fully expecting Mom to be renewed for a ninth year. "I'm sad. I wish we'd have at least another year, for the writers to have that much time to ramp up to the ending. We sort of found out sooner than we thought we would hear. We had thought, 'Surely they're going to want more Mom,' and they decided not."
The reason for the show ending is likely financial. "There are so many reasons behind it — most of them probably money. But, I know that [series co-creator] Chuck Lorre is writing the final episode, and we're right now filming the third-to-last episode."
How is she preparing for the end? Janney said, "I'm having a lot of moments where I'm just standing on set and taking it in, and looking at all the faces I've looked at for eight years, You know, it's really lovely to be part of a [long-running] show because as an actor you don't get a chance to do that very often. I've been so lucky — seven years on West Wing and eight years on Mom — and I have a real community of people that I love and it's going to be very hard to just have, all of sudden, it's gone."
Janney continued, "And no matter how much I prepare myself for it, I know I'm going to be just in tears, buckets of tears, because it's just been so incredible. The amazing letters I get from people who are in the program or people who got sober with us. It's been such a great show to be a part of, and it's so rare when you do something like that and it affects people in a positive way out in the world. It makes me sad, but onward."
What do you think? Are you a fan of the Mom TV series? Are you sad that the show's been cancelled? How would you like to see the series wrap up?
More about: CBS TV shows: canceled or renewed?, Mom, Mom: canceled or renewed?, Mom: ratings
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CSI: Cyber: Cancelled? Creator Talks Future of CBS Series
Please please please dont cancel Mom!! I LOVE this show! Love each character and its so funny!
I think this show did great with out one of the members of the show . I love this show it makes me laugh and I love all the characters of the show . I will miss this show ..
Paula J Perkins
I wish they would NoT cancel "MoM"!!! I'm so far out of town "MoM" has been my meeting place for a while now but I guess every good thing has to end
I will miss them.
I wish them all well.
Never really cared for this series.
At first I didn't know if I would enjoy mom without Anna Farris but I can say after watching a few episodes that I really do enjoy it and wish they would have came back for a 9th season.
Cynthia Norman
The show is no good without Anna Faris. Alison Janney should have been the one to leave.
Lulu Rueh
This is very sad news! MOM is one of only two network TV comedy shows I find worth watching these days – the other is The Connors. It's no wonder people are opting for cable and streaming TV, with the mediocre fare offered by CBS, NBC and ABC lately, who seem to rely on adolescent and scatalogical humor for cheap laughs, rather than the cleverly crafted comedy as portrayed in former classics like Seinfeld, Mary Tyler Moore, All In The Family and yes, Mom. This show will be sorely missed by TV sitcom connoisseurs!
You don't have to be an addict to enjoy the life lessons on this show. The friendships & humor is priceless. When you got a hit show, don't throw it away. Please NO more game shows or reality shows. Humor is what gets us all through this pandemic.
I'm so disappointed it's ending I've been watching from the beginning. I hope that they give the ones not in a relationship they get to fall in love.
Joey C
CBS 18-49 I guess CBS doesn't realize that people over 49 watch TV. This series is wonderful with great characters and funny. Of course it's mostly women so yes CBS would cancel with six Million watch but more over 49!
Reply to Joey C
Joke's on them, nobody 18-30 even watches network TV. LOL But seriously, why would they alienate the viewers they've got?
Helen L. Galante
BIG mistake canceling a wonderful show like this. ALWAYS plenty of laughs and Lord knows we need to laugh more these days! Wonder what CBS is going to replace it with??? It is difficult to replace perfection. Think it over CBS and do the right thing.
As I'm sure many will agree, I'm very disappointed in CBS for canceling Mom. There are many people that can identify with the struggles the women go thru being in recovery. Now to me this is much more interesting than 12 seasons of The Big Bang Theory was. Not that it wasn't a semi good show. For some however, Mom gives some struggling alcoholics something to look forward to on tv – watching people living life, and managing their lives without alcohol or drugs. Thank you to the cast for giving me a great show I love you all!!!!
I think the characters are wonderfully talented and have the right chemistry to do this. In spite of some of the off color remarks, I find it very funny but at the same time, I love when a lesson is learned. Something good is going gone, very sad
Mom is one of my most favourite series. Please DON'T CANCEL IT!
Cece Munoz
Reply to Terry
Same ❤ I enjoy watching before bed.
Dan Uff
About time. They should've cancelled it years ago.


Ancient Chinese used mango leaves, to treat diabetes especially with their extract. If one's pancreas stops insulin production, or the body cannot use insulin properly, the person will get diabetes….
Drink this Smoothie to Get rid of Knee and Joint Pain in Just 5 Days!
Drink Apple Cider Vinegar before Bedtime to Stay Happy and Healthy!
What Are The Health Benefits Of Strawberries?


Helping orphans and other similarly disadvantaged children in the developing world through education and health and safety initiatives.
At the moment we are helping children in Mongolia and Malaysia.
Not quite a "shot" but a wonderful conversation between Julie, our Veloo Foundation VP and prominent Mongolian journalist, Jargal DeFacto. A great overview of why we do what we do, the progress that we've made and why it is so urgent that we continue pressing hard to stop the problem of scavenging to survive before it becomes generational.
We are thrilled to be able to report that the 2017 / 2018 school year is off to a great start! We have 150 children at the kindergarten and with the continued support and assistance from Wagner Asia our School Bus is up and running and we are able to bring 28 children from the other side of the garbage dump to be fed, safe and warm! There is tremendous need on the other side of the garbage dump for another kindergarten as the number of children scavenging in the trash or home alone far exceeds our ability to bus them to our kindergarten - which is why we're building a second kindergarten. For full details of our new kindergarten and access to our donation portal to be part of the team that is making a difference to the children, please visit our New Kindergarten Info page!
For all our other news, including up to date videos and current photos, please visit our Sponsors' Update page.
The 2017 school year starts with 150 children! Each child costs $125.00 / mo. to feed, shelter, educate and protect. To make this increase sustainable we are proud to provide you with an opportunity to become part of our team! We are thrilled to introduce you to our Monthly Sponsorship Program! Commit to a monthly donation (see below) and you will receive an original art card courtesy of one of our very own mini artists, a photo of one or more of the children from the kindergarten that you can tack on your fridge, pin up at work or slip into your car's visor so that you will be reminded on a daily basis of the wonderful, positive impact you are having on these children and quarterly updates with lots of photos to show you what's been going on up at the Peak. Give a sponsorship in a friend or loved one's name and we will mail them (or you if you prefer) a lovely card to show them that a donation in their name has been made. We'll include a snapshot of the children and put them on the quarterly update list as well if you provide us with their email address!
Take a moment to check out the slideshow and video presentation below and you'll see what it's all about. For more videos about the Sanctuary Kindergarten, check out our Recognition page.
One thing to keep in mind, as always 100% of all donated funds, every penny, goes to help the children. Any operating expenses for Veloo Foundation we cover personally.
We think it's the right thing to do.
Take a moment to watch the videos below to see where your donation & sponsorship funds go.
Prefer to pay by cheque or automatic bank transfer? Contact us!
Meet Some of our 150+ Children!!
Interested in our financials? Check out the Canadian Charities Registration Here and you can see our most recent tax year's financial breakdown.
Check out some of the other folks that we're helping with our ongoing community outreach initiatives!


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IGT's strengths include the design of a large range of innovative games covering all denominations and high performing link and multi-game packages. IGT New Zealand's Head Office is located in Sydney with sales and distribution offices throughout New Zealand.
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International Game Technology or IGT have been supplying casino games worldwide since the 1950's and became a publicly traded company in 1981. IGT was the first provider to offer a video poker machine!
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text:
Анопльо́дера червононо́га (, Schaller, 1783 = Anoplodera krueperi (Ganglbauer) Vives, 2001 = Anoplodera rufipes var. savulesci Podaný, 1962) — вид жуків з родини вусачі.

Поширення
A. rufipes — входить у групу європейських видів європейського зоогеографічного комплексу. Розповсюджена по всій Європі, на Кавказі та прилеглих регіонах. Для Карпатського Єврорегіону вид характерний у передгір'ях в зоні поширення листяних лісів.

Екологія
Імаго зустрічається на квітах, часто відвідує кмин (Carum carvi L.) та деякі інші зонтичні в час масового цвітіння. Літ триває з кінця травня до другої половини червня. Личинка розвивається у деревині листяних порід, поліфаг.

Морфологія

Імаго
A. rufipes — дрібний вид. довжина тіла становить 7-12 мм. Тіло струнке, ледь витягнене. Передньоспинка випукла, без перетяжки на передньому краї, помітно довша своєї ширини, вкрита стоячими волосками. Надкрила витягнені, паралельні, вкриті грубими цятками з довгими стоячими волосками в першій третині. Загальне забарвлення тіла — чорне, тільки ноги, окрім основ стегон цілком червоно-руді. Часто-густо черевце також забарвлене в червоний колір, або вся комаха чорна..

Життєвий цикл
Життєвий цикл триває 2 роки.

Література
 Бартенев А. Ф. Обзор видов жуков-усачей (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) фауны Украины // Вісті Харківського ентомологічного товариства. — 2003 (2004). — 11, № 1-2. — с. 24-43
 Загайкевич І. К. До вивчення вусачів (Cerambycidae) Станіславської обл. // Проблеми ентомології на Україні. — К.: Вид-во АН УРСР, 1959. — с. 45-47;
 Загайкевич І. К. Таксономия и экология усачей. — К.: Наукова Думка, 1991. — 420 с.;
 Заморока А. М. Висотно-домінантний розподіл фауни жуків-вусачів на північно-східному меґасхилі Українських Карпат та південно-західній окраїні Східноєвропейської платформи // Вісн. Прикарпатського у-ту, серія біол. № 3 — Івано-Франківськ, 2003. — с. 112—127;
 Заморока А. М. Вплив комплексного висотного градієнту на формування домінантних форм жуків-вусачів (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) на північно-східному макросхилі Українських Карпат та Передкарпатті // ІІ міжнародна наукова конференція студентів та аспірантів «Молодь і поступ біології». — Львів, 2006. — с. 251—252;
 Заморока А. М. Жуки-вусачі Івано-Франківської області // мат. конф. «Проблеми вивчення та охорони біорізноманіття Карпат і прилеглих територій». — Івано-Франківськ, 2007. — с. 131—132;

Посилання
 http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id11258/
 http://www.cerambyx.uochb.cz/arufip.htm

Тварини, описані 1783
Лептурини

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Numerical simulations have revealed that dark matter structures form hierarchically, with small halos merging to form increasingly massive halos. As a consequence of this process, dark matter halos (such as the one hosting the Milky Way) are expected to contain many subhalos, ranging from relatively large dwarf spheroidal galaxies ($M \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} 10^7 M_{\odot}$) to objects with masses as small as $10^{-3}-10^{-8} M_{\odot}$.

Despite their ubiquity, dark matter subhalos are very difficult to detect or otherwise observe. Subhalos that are less massive than dwarf galaxies are not expected to contain significant quantities or stars or gas, making them invisible to conventional telescopes. Dark matter annihilations taking place in such subhalos, however, could potentially produce observable fluxes of gamma rays. If the dark matter particles are very heavy ($m_{\rm DM} \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}}\,$TeV), such gamma rays could be observed by ground based gamma ray telescopes~\cite{acts}. For less massive dark matter particles ($m_{\rm DM}\sim$ GeV-TeV), the space-based Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope (FGST) provides the greatest prospects for detecting the products of dark matter annihilations in subhalos~\cite{Buckley:2010vg,Kuhlen:2008aw,Zechlin:2011wa,Mirabal:2010ny}.

To the FGST, relatively large ($\sim$$10^2$--$10^6 M_{\odot}$) and nearby ($\sim$$0.01$--$1$ kpc) subhalos could appear as bright and approximately point-like gamma ray sources, without detectable counterparts in other wavelengths. For reasonable estimates of the number of subhalos in the Milky Way, the dark matter distribution within those subhalos, and characteristics of the dark matter particles themselves, one is led to expect on the order of 0.1-10 subhalos to be observable by the FGST. In particular, a typical dark matter candidate with a mass of 10-100 GeV and an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v \sim 3 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s is expected to provide on the order of a few subhalos that are observable at or above the $5\sigma$ level.

The recently published Second Fermi-LAT Source Catalog (2FGL)~\cite{2catalog} contains many unidentified sources which could plausibly be dark matter subhalos. In particular, of among the 1873 gamma ray sources contained in this catalog, 576 have not been associated with counterparts at other wavelengths or been otherwise identified. From among this sample, 397 have been detected at greater than 5$\sigma$ significance, and do not exhibit discernible variability. In this paper, we study this sample of unidentified gamma ray sources and consider whether any significant fraction of them might be the result of dark matter annihilations taking place in nearby subhalos.

The remainder of the article is structured as follows. In Sec.~\ref{theory}, we describe our calculation of the number of dark matter subhalos observable by the FGST. In Sec.~\ref{catalogsec}, we study the contents of the Second Fermi-LAT Source Catalog (2FGL) and attempt to identify dark matter subhalo candidates. While no conclusive identifications can be made at this time, we find that many or most of the unidentified high-latitude ($|b|>60^{\circ}$) sources could be dark matter subhalos if the dark matter is relatively light ($m_{\rm DM} \sim 5$--$40$ GeV) and possesses an annihilation cross section on the order of that predicted for a simple thermal relic ($\sim 3\times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s). In Sec.~\ref{gc}, we discuss this result within the context of evidence for $\sim$10 GeV dark matter particles from the Galactic Center, non-thermal radio filaments, and the Milky Way's microwave haze. In Sec.~\ref{conclusions} we summarize our results and conclusions.

\section{Gamma Rays From Nearby Dark Matter Subhalos}
\label{theory}

Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of structure have revealed that dark matter halos and subhalos form with a distribution of masses given by $dN_n/dM_h \propto M_h^{-2}$, extending down to a minimum mass related to the microscopic properties of the dark matter particle~\cite{smallest}. For a Milky Way sized halo, on the order of 5-10\% (50\%) of the total mass is expected to be found in $10^7$-$10^{10} \, M_{\odot}$ ($10^{-6}$-$10^{10} \, M_{\odot}$) subhalos~\cite{norm}.  For a minimum subhalo mass of one Earth mass, this normalization corresponds to a total of more than $10^{16}$ subhalos within the halo of the Milky Way, for a number density of approximately $\sim$$10^2$ subhalos per cubic parsec in the local neighborhood of the Galaxy.

The luminosity of gamma rays from dark matter annihilations in a given subhalo depends strongly on how the dark matter is distributed. Numerical simulations find that dark matter halos (and subhalos) possess density profiles which approximately take the form~\cite{1pt2}:
\begin{equation}
\rho(r) \propto \frac{1}{(r/R_s)^{\gamma}\, [1+(r/R_s)]^2},
\label{1pt2}
\end{equation}
where $R_s$ is the scale radius and $\gamma$ is a parameter which dictates the inner slope of the profile. In the case of the traditional Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profile, $\gamma=1$, while more recent results from the Via Lactea collaboration favor somewhat larger values, $\gamma \approx 1.2$~\cite{Diemand:2009bm}. The Aquarius Project, in contrast, has reported profiles of varying slope which are somewhat less steep in the innermost regions~\cite{shallow}. Subhalos with such a profile produce similar gamma ray fluxes to those with an inner slope of $\gamma \sim 1.1$ (see Table~1 of Ref.~\cite{Buckley:2010vg}, for example).

The concentration of a halo is defined as the ratio of its virial radius to its scale radius. Halos with larger concentrations have more of their mass located in their inner volumes, leading to higher annihilation rates. To estimate the concentration of a halo of a given mass, we use the analytic model of Bullock {\it et al.}~\cite{bullock}. This model estimates a concentration of 21 (27) for a subhalo of mass $10^{7} M_{\odot}$ ($10^{5} M_{\odot}$). For very massive halos, the results of numerical simulations are in good agreement with this model. Considerable halo-to-halo variation in the concentration and shape of subhalo profiles has been observed in numerical simulations. The model of Bullock {\it et al.}, for example, only provides a measure of the average concentration of a subhalo of a given mass. The probability of a halo having a given concentration can be modelled by a log-normal distribution, with a dispersion of $\sigma_c\approx 0.24$~\cite{bullock}. We include this variation in our calculations, which in most cases roughly doubles the number of observable subhalos (see also Ref.~\cite{Pieri:2007ir}).

Subhalos in the local volume of the Milky Way are likely to have had a large fraction of their mass stripped through tidal interactions with other halos and stars. This primarily impacts a subhalo's outer density profile, leaving a dense and tightly bound inner cusp intact~\cite{disruption}. As the innermost regions of halos dominate the overall annihilation rate, the precise fraction of mass that is lost only modestly impacts the resulting gamma ray luminosity.

The rate of gamma rays produced from dark matter annihilations taking place in a nearby subhalo is given by
\begin{equation}
L_{\gamma}=\frac{\sigma v}{2 m^2_{\rm DM}} \int \frac{dN_{\gamma}}{dE_{\gamma}} dE_{\gamma} \int \rho^2 dV,
\end{equation}
where $\sigma v$ and $m_{\rm DM}$ are the annihilation cross section and mass of the dark matter particle, respectively, and the second integral is performed over the volume of the subhalo. $dN_{\gamma}/dE_{\gamma}$ is the spectrum of gamma rays produced per dark matter annihilation, which depends on the dominant annihilation channel(s) and on the mass of the dark matter particle (we use PYTHIA 6~\cite{pythia} to calculate the gamma ray spectrum).

In order for the gamma ray annihilation products from a subhalo to constitute a source that could potentially appear within the FGST second source catalog, the subhalo must be both sufficiently bright and sufficiently compact to mimic an approximate point source. To estimate the number of events from a subhalo observed by FGST, we multiply the gamma ray flux by an effective area of 6800 cm$^2$, and a coverage of 20\% of the sky at any given time. Although the detectability of a given gamma ray source depends somewhat on its spectral shape and its location in the sky, we can roughly estimate how bright a given subhalo must be to be detectable at high significance by FGST. In particular, the diffuse gamma ray flux measured by FGST generates approximately 20 events per year per square degree above 1 GeV over Galactic latitudes of $|b| > 60^{\circ}$, and about 60-70 events per year per square degree above 1 GeV over Galactic latitudes of $10^{\circ}<|b|<20^{\circ}$. In these two regions of sky, we estimate that $5\sqrt{20} \approx 20$ or $5\sqrt{60} \approx 40$ signal events per year above 1 GeV would be required in order for a subhalo to be potentially discovered with 5$\sigma$ significance. Based on this estimate, we conservatively classify any subhalo that produces more than 50 events above 1 GeV per year at FGST to be potentially detectable. We further support this estimate by noting that the least significant sources contained in the second Fermi source catalog (2FGL) are of approximately this brightness~\cite{2catalog}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.9\linewidth]{numbervsmass-thermal.pdf}}\\
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.9\linewidth]{numbervsmass.pdf}}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\caption{The number of point-like subhalos potentially detectable by the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope as a function of the dark matter's mass, and assuming an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v = 3\times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s (top), or one which saturates the current constraints based on observations of dwarf galaxies (bottom)~\cite{dwarfs}. To qualify as detectable and point-like, we require a subhalo to produce more than 50 events above 1 GeV per year at FGST, and require that more than 95\% of those photons be concentrated within a radius of $2^{\circ}$. We show results for two dark matter annihilation channels ($b\bar{b}$ and $\tau^+ \tau^-$). Results using our central (optimistic/pessimistic) parameter estimates are shown as solid (dotted) lines. See text for more details}
\label{number}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

In order to be contained in the 2FGL, a given source must be point-like or possess only a minimal angular extent.\footnote{Although 12 sources in the 2FGL have been identified as extended, none of the unidentified sources are presently inconsistent with being point-like~\cite{2catalog}.} In other words, the angular extent of a subhalo must not be much larger than the telescope's point spread function. In this work, to be considered sufficiently point-like, we require that 95\% of the photons from a subhalo come from within a 2$^{\circ}$ radius (approximately the 95\% containment angle for 1 GeV photons at the FGST).

In calculating estimates for the number of dark matter subhalos to appear in the 2FGL, we adopt a range of physical assumptions. For our central estimates, we assume that the outer 99\% of the original halo's mass is lost to tidal stripping, adopt an inner slope of $\gamma=1.1$ for the density profile, and integrate down to substructure masses of 10$^{-6}\, M_{\odot}$ (corresponding to a boost factor\footnote{By ``boost factor'', we mean the overall enhancement to the annihilation rate resulting from sub-subhalos existing within the larger subhalo.} of 1.75). We also consider a more optimistic (95\% mass loss, $\gamma=1.2$, boost factor=2.8) and pessimistic (99.5\% mass loss, $\gamma=1.0$, no boost factor) set of assumptions. In each case, we adopt concentrations given by the Bullock {\it et al.} model~\cite{bullock}. We consider this range of possibilities to realistically reflect the uncertainites involved in this calculation.

In the upper frames of Fig.~\ref{number}, we show our estimates for the number of dark matter subhalos appearing as unidentified sources in the 2FGL.  Here, we have adopted an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v =  3 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s, as predicted for a simple thermal relic. We show results for a range of masses, and for annihilations to $b\bar{b}$ (left) and $\tau^+ \tau^-$ (right).\footnote{Annihilations to lighter quarks or gauge bosons produce gamma ray spectra similar to the $b\bar{b}$ case. We do not consider annihilations to electrons or muons here, as they lead to relatively few gamma rays (through final state radiation).} In each frame, the solid line denotes the result found using our central estimates, while the dotted lines use our more optimistic and pessimistic assumptions. Our results are in good agreement with those presented elsewhere, such as in Ref.~\cite{Pieri:2007ir} for example.

In some dark matter models (with non-thermal histories, or Sommerfeld enhancements, for example), the annihilation cross section can be larger than $\sigma v =  3 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s, potentially leading to a larger number of detectable subhalos. In the lower frames of Fig.~\ref{number}, we estimate the number of observable subhalos using an annihilation cross section equal to the upper limits placed by the Fermi collaboration, based on the observation of dwarf galaxies~\cite{dwarfs} (constraints that are at least as stringent have also been derived from observations of the Galactic Center~\cite{Hooper:2011ti}). These constraints in turn, can be translated into a maximum number of subhalos that could be potentially detectable by Fermi. A 100 GeV dark matter particle annihilating to $b\bar{b}$, for example, is expected to lead to no more than 1.6 observable subhalos across the sky using our central parameter estimates, and no more than 23 observable subhalos using our optimistic parameters. In each case, most of the potentially detectable subhalos and nearby (within roughly one kiloparsec) and have fairly large masses, $M \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} 10^4 M_{\odot}$ (after accounting for mass loss due to tidal stripping).

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.46\linewidth]{histogramsigmagt5-bdist-identified.pdf}}
\hspace{0.02\linewidth}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.46\linewidth]{histogramsigmagt5-bdistperSA-identified.pdf}}\\
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.46\linewidth]{histogramsigmagt5-bdist.pdf}}
\hspace{0.02\linewidth}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.46\linewidth]{histogramsigmagt5-bdistperSA.pdf}}
\caption{The distribution in Galactic latitude of identified (top) and unidentified (bottom) sources in the second Fermi-LAT source catalog. Only non-variable sources which have been detected at 5$\sigma$ or greater significance have been included. See text for more details.}
\label{catalog}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

Based on these estimates, we conclude that if the dark matter particles are relatively light, up to $\sim$10 (or up to $\sim$100 using optimistic estimates) subhalos could appear as unidentified gamma ray sources in the 2FGL. In the following section, we discuss the characteristics of this catalog and the prospects of identifying dark matter subhalos from among its constituents.

\section{Subhalos in the Fermi-LAT Second Source Catalog}
\label{catalogsec}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.92\linewidth]{candidates.pdf}}
\caption{Spectra of the nine high-latitude ($|b|>60^{\circ}$), high-significance ($>5\sigma$), non-variable, unidentified sources contained in the Fermi Second Source Catalog (2FGL).}
\label{nine}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.46\linewidth]{contours-siggt5.pdf}}
\caption{The number (out of a total of nine) of high-latitude ($|b|>60^{\circ}$), high-significance ($>5\sigma$), non-variable, unidentified sources contained in the Fermi Second Source Catalog (2FGL) with a spectrum consistent with originating from dark matter annihilations, for a range of dark matter masses and annihilation channels (the fraction of annihilations to taus is shown, with the remaining fraction proceeding to $b\bar{b}$). If the dark matter is fairly light ($m_{\rm DM} \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$<$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} 40$ GeV), its annihilations in nearby subhalos could account for the majority of the observed high-latitude unidentified gamma-ray sources.}
\label{contours}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

The Fermi-LAT collaboration has recently released its second source catalog (2FGL), which describes the observed characteristics of 1873 gamma ray sources. The 2FGL is based on 24 months of data and improves upon the previous Fermi source catalog by making use of the improved Pass 7 event selection, as well as a new high-resolution model of the diffuse Galactic and isotropic emissions~\cite{2catalog}. Unlike the first Fermi source catalog, the 2FGL reports flux measurements in 5 energy bands (100-300 MeV, 300-1000 MeV, 1-3 GeV, 3-10 GeV, and 10-100 GeV)~\cite{2catalog}, rather than as a single power-law fit~\cite{catalog}.

Of the 1873 sources contained in the 2FGL, 576 have not been identified or associated with counterparts at other wavelengths. Of these 576 unidentified sources, 397 have been detected at greater than 5$\sigma$ significance, and do not exhibit variability.

In Fig.~\ref{catalog} we show the distribution of the high-significance ($>$$5\sigma$), non-variable sources with Galactic latitude. In the upper frames, we show distribution of identified/associated sources. As expected, the Galactic sources (supernova remnants, pulsars, globular clusters, pulsar wind nebulae) are highly concentrated around the Galactic Plane. The extragalactic sources (active galactic nuclei, BL Lac objects, flat spectrum radio quasars, normal galaxies, radio galaxies, Seyfert galaxies, starburst galaxies) are more flatly distributed with $b$. As shown in the lower frames, the unidentified sources are even more heavily concentrated around the Galactic Plane. However, this effect is very likely attributable, at least in part, to the relative incompleteness of source catalogs at other wavelengths at low latitudes. In particular, optical identifications of radio sources are impeded by interstellar obscuration, leading many radio sources to remain unidentified. This bias leads to there being a large fraction of unidentified gamma ray sources at low latitude~\cite{2catalog}.

As observable dark matter subhalos are expected to be nearly isotropically distributed, we focus our search on high latitude regions of the sky where relatively few Galactic sources will be present. In particular, we begin by focusing on the nine high-significance, non-variable, unidentified sources with $|b|>60^{\circ}$. The spectra of these sources, as reported in the 2FGL, are shown in Fig.~\ref{nine}.  The highest significance and best measured of these sources (2FGL J2339.6-0532) exhibits a spectrum which peaks sharply at 1-3 GeV. In contrast, the source 2FGL J1129.5+3758 exhibits a very power-law like behavior. Most of the other nine sources are only measured in one or two energy bins, and thus provide us with limited spectral information.

To assess how many (if any) of these unidentified sources could potentially be dark matter subhalos, we compare their measured spectra to that predicted from dark matter with a range of masses and annihilation channels. In Fig.~\ref{contours} we show the number of high-latitude ($|b|>60^{\circ}$), high-significance ($>$$5\sigma$), non-variable, unidentified sources contained within the 2FGL with a spectrum that is consistent with originating from dark matter annihilations, for a range of dark matter masses and annihilation channels (the fraction of annihilations to taus is shown, with the remaining fraction proceeding to $b\bar{b}$).\footnote{The criteria we apply to consider a given source to be ``well-fit'' by the spectrum of a given dark matter model is $\chi^2 < 7.77$ (over 5-1 degrees of freedom), which was chosen to retain 90\% of sources with that spectrum.}

If the dark matter particle is relatively heavy ($m_{\rm DM} \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} 50$--$100$ GeV), only a small fraction of the nine candidate sources could potentially be dark matter subhalos. This is in large part due to the fact that none of these sources appear to be very luminous at energies above 10 GeV, making it difficult to accommodate the spectrum predicted for a heavy dark matter particle (see also, Ref.~\cite{Zechlin:2011wa}). In contrast, if the dark matter is somewhat light ($m_{\rm DM} \mathrel{\raise.3ex\hbox{$<$\kern-.75em\lower1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}} 40$ GeV), its annihilations in nearby subhalos could account for the majority of the observed high-latitude unidentified gamma-ray sources.

Comparing these results to the estimates of the number of observable subhalos made in Sec.~\ref{theory}, we should not be surprised that we have not not identified many high-mass dark matter subhalo candidates in the 2FGL. A 200 GeV dark matter particle annihilating to $b\bar{b}$, for example, is expected to lead to no more than about a dozen observable halos, even for our optimistic assumptions and for a cross section that saturates the dwarf limit (see Fig.~\ref{number}). This corresponds to no more than about 1.6 observable subhalos at high latitudes ($|b|>60^{\circ}$). On the other hand, a 10-20 GeV dark matter particle could provide us with up to $\sim$80 observable subhalos, corresponding to about 11 at high-latitudes.

We also note that a similar fraction of the unidentified sources at mid-latitudes ($60^{\circ}>|b|>30^{\circ}$) are compatible with the spectrum from a 10-20 GeV dark matter particle (between 20 and 32 out of 58 sources provide a good fit for $m_{\rm DM}$ in the range of 10 to 20 GeV and for any combination of annihilations to $b\bar{b}$ and $\tau^+ \tau^-$). A significantly smaller fraction of low latitude sources provide a good fit. We caution, however, that this distinction could plausibly result from biases associated with the varying diffuse background.

In the following section, we consider relatively light dark matter particles further within this context, focusing on dark matter particles with a mass and dominant annihilation channels that can accommodate the gamma ray signal observed from the Galactic Center, as well as the observed spectra of the Milky Way's radio filaments and the microwave haze observed by WMAP.

\section{The Dark Matter Model Motivated by the Galactic Center}
\label{gc}

The high density of dark matter predicted to be present in the region surrounding the Galactic Center make it a very promising target for indirect searches for dark matter. The spectrum and morphology of the gamma rays observed from this region by the FGST have been studied and found to be consistent with that predicted from an approximately 7-12 GeV dark matter particle which annihilates mostly to leptons (in particular, to $\tau^+ \tau^-$) possibly along with a smaller fraction of annihilations proceeding to $b\bar{b}$ or other hadronic final states~\cite{Hooper:2011ti,Hooper:2010mq}. This scenario is further supported by the peculiar spectral radio features observed from many of the Milky Way's non-thermal radio filaments~\cite{Linden:2011au} and by the Inner Galaxy's microwave haze~\cite{Hooper:2010im}, each of which can be explained by annihilating dark matter with the same mass, annihilations channels, cross section, and halo profile as are required to produce the gamma ray signal from the Galactic Center. Furthermore, a number of direct detection experiments (DAMA/LIBRA~\cite{dama}, CoGeNT~\cite{cogent} and CRESST-II~\cite{cresst}) have reported signals consistent with $\sim$10 GeV dark matter particles~\cite{Kelso:2011gd}.

To consider a concrete example, we consider a 10 GeV dark matter particle with a total annihilation cross section of $\sigma v\ = 3 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s, and which annihilates to $\tau^+ \tau^-$, $\mu^+ \mu^-$, and $e^+ e^-$ 30\% of the time each, and 10\% of the time to $b\bar{b}$ (corresponding to a fraction to $\tau^+ \tau^-$ of 0.75 in Fig.~\ref{contours}, as annihilations to muons and electrons contribute insignificantly to the total gamma ray spectrum). Such a dark matter candidate would be capable of producing the observed Galactic Center gamma rays, as well as the signals from radio filaments and the microwave haze. For our central parameter estimates, this model leads to a prediction of 3.1 subhalos across the sky that are detectable by the FGST, or 43 if our more optimistic parameters are used. This corresponds to approximately 0.4 (5.8) observable subhalos at $|b|>60^{\circ}$ for our central (optimistic) parameter choices. Comparing this to the results shown in Fig.~\ref{contours}, we see that 5 out of 9 of the unidentified, high-latitude, high-significance, non-variable sources in the 2FGL can be fit by this dark matter model, which is within the predicted range predicted in this scenario. While it is not possible at this time to conclude that these sources are in fact dark matter subhalos, rather than AGN or other astrophysical objects, the similarity between the Galactic Center gamma ray spectrum and the spectra of these unidentified sources provides a strong motivation to study these objects further, at both gamma ray and other other wavelengths. If no X-ray, radio, optical or other counterparts to any of these sources can be found, it would strengthen the case that they may be dark matter subhalos.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}
\label{conclusions}

Dark matter halos are predicted to contain large numbers of smaller and dense subhalos. In many typical dark matter models, annihilations take place within these subhalos at a rate sufficient for them to appear as bright and approximately point-like gamma ray sources. A 10 GeV (100 GeV) dark matter particle with a roughly thermal annihilation cross section ($\sigma v\sim 3\times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s) is expected to provide approximately 1 to 200 (up to $\sim$10) subhalos that are observable to the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope.

The Fermi-LAT Second Source Catalog contains 576 sources which have not been identified or associated with counterparts at other wavelengths. Of these sources, 397 have been detected at high-significance ($>$$5\sigma$) and do not exhibit variability. In studying the spectrum of these sources, we find that a significant fraction of those found at high and mid-Galactic latitudes possess spectra that are consistent with that predicted from the annihilations of a relatively light dark matter particle ($m_{\rm DM}\sim 5-40$ GeV). If dark matter annihilations are responsbility for these gamma ray sources, it suggests that the Second Fermi Catalog contains a population of several tens of dark matter subhalos, in good agreement with the number expected for a thermal relic ($\sigma v\sim 3\times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$/s).

To further test the hypothesis that a sizable population of dark matter subhalos exists within the Fermi-LAT Second Source Catalog, it is essential to search for counterparts of these sources in optical, X-ray, or other wavelengths.  If no such emission can be found, it would strengthen the case that these sources may be dark matter subhalos. Additionally, as the Fermi Telescope collects more data, it will increasingly improve their measurements the spectra of these sources, and become more sensitive to any angular extention they may exhibit.

\bigskip

{\it Acknowledgements:} MB and DH are supported by the US Department of Energy, including grant DE-FG02-95ER40896.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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What's in a name? Taxi!
posted on 8th Mar 2019	by Gary Gleeson
When Hailo came on the scene in Dublin it was an instant success. Founded in London in 2011, the taxi ordering app was simple and brilliantly clever. Order your taxi on the app with the push of a button, Hailo then knew where you were. And you could also see where they were and how long till it arrived! Gone were the frustrating "Where's my cab, I'm late" calls to the taxi office. But what really seemed to catch on was the name. "I'm going to Hailo a cab" was a familiar phrase heard around the city. It was becoming the colloquialism for ordering a taxi on-line. The "Hoover" and "Google" of the taxi business. It swept the city like wildfire and soon most taxis were signed up to the app.
Then something happened. They were bought out. And not by another technology company but by one of the big global brands- Mercedes (technically Daimler Financial Services but you know what I mean!). A great buy for Mercedes you'd think, soon Hailo will be all over Europe. But no, the name Hailo was to be scrapped and the firm merged with the bigger Mercedes-owned MyTaxi. Sure they were bigger (not by much) and in more cities, but I think they missed a trick in the naming department. Three years later people are still 'Hailoing' cabs here and not too many are asked to 'MyTaxi' a cab. They did share the striking yellow and black brand colours though, so at least there were some synergies.
But the story doesn't end there. It was announced on 22nd February that MyTaxi will undergo another name change due to a partnership between Daimler and BMW. As Silicon Republic reported, "The more immediate sign of change from an Irish perspective will be the fact that the Daimler-owned MyTaxi service will be changing its name to the Free Now brand as part of the deal some time later this year." So where has this new name come from, Free Now, not very catchy and the logo is very uninspiring? You would think that two very brand savvy companies could come up with something better! It looks like a design-by-committee brand to me. As I said earlier, it's a shame that Daimler didn't seem to realise what they had with the name Hailo. We'll wait and see how the brand roll out of Free Now looks and how the brand performs but I'm not going to hold my breath that it will be worth it.
Gary Gleeson, Partner
Gary is a Partner at Neworld, a brand agency with over 30 years experience developing brands to position them for future growth. Gary has worked with some of Ireland's biggest brands such as Diageo, John Rocha and O2 and is a recognised expert in hospitality branding, working with Fade St Social, Powerscourt Hotel, Mount Juliet and Adare Manor to name but a few. His belief in branding and its relationship with design effectiveness has seen him guide a myriad of companies through the branding maze. He realises client visions using this synergy of strategic branding and design. He is also the self-professed champion of chilli-making!
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با نصب و راه اندازی و کاربرد بسیار آسان نرم افزار Driver Finder and Updater Software شما قاد خواهید بود دزلیور های حذف شده یا گم شده خود را دوباره بازیابی کنید و دیگر نگران گم شدن سی دی درایورتان نیاشید.شما میتوانید این نرم افزار را از لینک زیر از وبسایت میهن پاتوق دریافت نمایید.
1. Fixed the program will break when scanning some storage devices.
2. Lost some drivers when backing up drivers.
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1. Improved Windows 7 compatibility.
2. Added Norwegian, Persian, Portuguese(Brazilian) language support.
The graphical interface representing a very important nowadays, it is necessary to update it regularly. Here you updated graphics driver of the motherboard Gigabyte GA-MA78GM Windows XP if you are an owner of the motherboard.


Citation: ARTHUR LEE GUANG HUI (2016). POLYMORPHIC JELLIES: REMOLDING THE COMPLETENESS HEURISTIC. ScholarBank@NUS Repository.
Abstract: Items of the same area contain the same amount and should therefore be viewed as the same in terms of their quantity. However, this is not always the case if the shapes connote completeness or incompleteness due to the completeness heuristic. In this thesis, we are interested in what influences completeness perception and how that affects quantity estimation as well as consumption. Our first study found that familiarity and symmetry of a shape increase perceptions of product completeness. In a departure from prior research, we found a negative relationship between completeness and quantity estimation. This appears to be because consumers use the longest axis for quantity estimation when there is a lack of salient complete shapes. The findings of the first study were followed up with an experiment on actual consumption, and we found that consumers who were given incomplete jellies ate more pieces compared to those who received complete ones. We conjecture that such behaviour may be a manifestation of a need for completeness. The results of our study highlight the factors that influence completeness perception as well as a potential boundary condition of the completeness heuristic. Theoretical implications aside, the findings also serve to inform product design from the perspective of leveraging qualities associated with completeness as well as how to influence quantity perception. Finally, it informs consumers and policy makers on how limited cognitive and tangible resources can be better directed to monitor or influence consumption.


18/01/2019 · pani puri kurma in tamil telugu vantalu tiffins lunch recipes south indian south indian dinner recipes vegetarian dishes for dinner new recipes 2018 veg andhra recipes vegetarian andhra vantalu lunch recipes indian vegetarian food recipes indian vegetarian south indian food recipes vegetarian spicy food recipes indian vegetarian andhra dishes vantalu in telugu snacks south indian meals recipes... Chaat is incomplete without Meetha Chutney and Green chutney which play a key role in elevating the taste of the chat. Meetha Chutney is also known as 'Meethi Saunth' and is mainly prepared with dates and tamarind, hence it is called as 'Khajur-Imli Chutney' or 'Date Tamarind chutney'.
Chaat is incomplete without Meetha Chutney and Green chutney which play a key role in elevating the taste of the chat. Meetha Chutney is also known as 'Meethi Saunth' and is mainly prepared with dates and tamarind, hence it is called as 'Khajur-Imli Chutney' or 'Date Tamarind chutney'.
Pudina Paani is a refreshing and common coolant during the summer season. Vendors keep stalls on the road side in this season. I wish to take it whenever I go out but scare about the water they use.


The sleek and stylish new Rosewood Bangkok has a warm welcome built into its architecture. Here are some of the glammest angles of the latest skyscraping five-star in the Thai capital.
Browse Travel + Leisure's 'Higher Ground' cover fashion feature.


text:
Prospective cohort study of omics biomarkers of rectus abdominis muscle from hype...
The new gestational triad: hyperglycemia, urinary incontinence (UI) and biomolecul...
Prospective cohort of biochemical, protein and immunohistochemical markers of musc...
Prospective cohort of the omic biomarkers of the abdominal rectus muscle of pregnant women with hyperglycemia and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence as predictors of urinary incontinence 6-12 months postpartum.
Effective date (Start): May 01, 2019
Effective date (End): August 31, 2022
Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Maternal and Child Health
Principal researcher: Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
Grantee: Fernanda Cristina Bérgamo Alves
Home Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FMB). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Botucatu. Botucatu , SP, Brazil
Associated research grant: 16/01743-5 - The new gestational triad: hyperglycemia, urinary incontinence (UI) and biomolecular profile as a long-term predictor for UI: a prospective cohort study: translational research with biodevice with stem cells for muscle regeneration in diabetic rats, AP.TEM
Introduction: The research group "Diabetes and Pregnancy - Clinical and Experimental" at Botucatu-Unesp School of Medicine has been investigating since 2006 the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes and mild gestational hyperglycemia (GHL) and its relationships with dysfunctions pelvic floor muscle (DMAP) and urinary incontinence (UI) in clinical and experimental studies. After critical analysis in the group and with national and international partners of the results obtained, there were large gaps that need to be filled with more complex preclinical and clinical studies. Objectives: To analyze the influence of the association between gestational hyperglycemia (HGG) considering GDM and HGL, "IUEG" and the morphological, functional, biochemical, molecular and erotic profile of "gestational hyperglycemic myopathy" MHG ") of the rectus abdominis muscle (ARM) and pelvic floor muscles (MAPs); , the incidence of UI 6-12 months postpartum (PP) and morphological, functional and biochemical profile, within the four cohorts constituted by the combination of HGG and "IUEG" ; to evaluate the effect of rubber latex biodevic with mesenchymal stem cells on regeneration of urethral muscle and ARM after cesarean section in pregnant rats with moderate diabetes in the morphological, microvascular, molecular and theomic profile; and to determine the scientific evidence, through a systematic review, of the effectiveness of the exercises on DMAP and "UGIR" in pregnant women with HG. Materials and Methods: In the clinical study, participants will be selected between January 2016 and December 2019 at the FMB UNESP Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, at the Risk Pregnancy Clinic of the FAMEMA Maternal and Child Hospital and at the Regional Hospital of Assis. The total number of participants will be 160 considering the four cohorts that will be constituted. An analysis of the biochemical profile obtained by the blood tests of the levels of CCL7, Relaxin, Ca, PTH, calcitonin, vitamin D, glucose and insulin will be performed; (EMG) and Ultrasonography (US), EMG and US, at the time of cesarean section, will be performed the ex vivo contractility obtained by the Miographer, and the morphological profiles ( ultrastructure of muscle fibers and extracellular matrix), molecular (Genetic and Protein Expression of muscle fibers and the extracellular matrix), and ómico (transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic). For the experimental study, pregnant Wistar rats will be used, divided into nondiabetic and diabetic groups (n = 20 each), which will be submitted to the installation of latex biomembrane biodevic coated with mesenchymal stem cells, implanted in the urethral striated musculature and MRA . The Systematic Review study will follow the standards and will be recorded in the Cochrane Collaboration. In the statistical analysis with SPSS v21.0 software, the relationships will be considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Expected results: Characterize the "MHG"; that the proposed triad be a predictor of UI and DMAP 6-12 months PP; define markers for diagnosis and in future therapies; evidence the first line of preventive or rehabilitative intervention for muscular dysfunctions and "UGI"; that the "UGI" in HGG be considered and included as a public health problem and as clinical intercurrence, becoming a new tool in the definition of maternal long term impact; that biodevic is considered for regeneration of the musculature in future clinical studies; and that this proposed translational approach will bring this research to the frontier of knowledge in the area of Women's Health, since unpublished analysis methodologies are being applied in the area that complement each other in the problematic approach of medical / social interest.


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Birju Maharaj
Born in 1938 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, into a renowned family of traditional artists, Pandit Birju Maharaj is the doyen of Kathak dance today. A descendant of the Lucknow gharana of Kathak, he inherited the art from his father Pandit Acchan Maharaj and his uncles Shambhu Maharaj and Lacchu Maharaj. An exceptional dancer, teacher and choreographer, Birju Maharaj has led the Kathak world for more than four decades. His brilliant performances, displaying command over every aspect of the art, won him the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1964 at the young age of twenty-six. He is also accomplished in singing and playing percussion instruments and truly represents the Indian tradition of dance as an integrated art. Performing extensively around the world, he has won wide appreciation for the art and wide acclaim for himself. Pandit Birju Maharaj taught initially at Sangeet Bharati and then at Bharatiya Kala Kendra in Delhi. Subsequently he served Kathak Kendra as its principal guru for several decades, where he developed a comprehensive teaching methodology for the dance. The compositions created and popularized by him now serve as the standard curriculum for Kathak teachers and dancers. He enjoys a phenomenal following as a guru. As chief of the Repertory of Kathak Kendra, he has experimented with a variety of themes and created a large corpus of choreographic works. The honours bestowed for his service to dance include the Kalidas Samman, the Padma Vibhushan, and an honorary doctorate of Banaras Hindu University, For his contribution to Indian dance, Pandit Birju Maharaj is elected Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi.