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Biomarkers - the Future of Diagnosis in Psychiatry? | Progress In Mind
Biomarkers - the Future of Diagnosis in Psychiatry?
Schizophrenia - 08.04.2019
Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders currently depends on clinical criteria. In the future the hope is that identification of appropriate biomarkers will enable earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment to improve outcomes for patients. This is particularly critical for schizophrenia to reduce illness severity and improve its course. At EPA2019, the latest research on identifying potential biomarkers in psychiatry was presented in a fascinating state-of-the-art symposium to a packed audience of psychiatrists.
A biomarker is "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathological processes or pharmacological responses to an intervention,"1 explained Professor A Szulc, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Potential immune system-related biomarkers
Sterile inflammation of the brain is common and a potential cause of psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric disorders result from a combination of stress, environmental and genetic factors, said Professor Mariusz Ratajczak, Warsaw Medical University, Poland and James Brown Cancer Centre, Louisville, KY.
Inflammation-related abnormalities are common in patients with psychotic disorders, he explained, and these include:
elevated levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
increased numbers of circulating monocytes and neutrophils
enhanced microglial, astrocyte and endothelial cell reactivity to pro-inflammatory signals2
Severe depression is also often comorbid with chronic inflammatory conditions, and patients with pre-existing inflammatory diseases are more susceptible to developing mood disorders than healthy individuals.
These findings indicate a cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems, explained at least partially by co-evolution of the systems, Professor Ratajczak said.2 He suggested that sterile inflammation of the brain due to activation of innate immunity — a common event triggered by physical, chemical or metabolic damage but not microbial infection — is a cause of psychiatric disorders. Complement cascade cleavage products (C3a and C5a) are new markers of sterile inflammation in the brain, he added.
"Sterile inflammation of the brain due to activation of innate immunity — a common event triggered by physical, chemical or metabolic damage but not microbial infection — is a cause of psychiatric disorders" Professor Ratajczak
Professor Ratajczak also highlighted the role of microglia (which account for 10–15% of all cells in the brain) as an extension of cellular immunity in the brain. As key cells in brain maintenance, microglia are extremely sensitive to even small pathological changes.
Other key players in the pathological process include changes in the release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) with aberrant ATP-mediated purinergic signalling and activation of the complement and coagulation cascade in the sterile inflammation. In contrast, the inflammation-limiting effects exerted by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have beneficial effects in inflammatory processes.2
The brain morphometric person-based similarity index
The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders presents many challenges in diagnosis and treatment, but patient stratification is required to enable precision or personalised psychiatry, said Professor Sophia Frangou, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY.
In an attempt to stratify patients with schizophrenia, Professor Frangou and her team have used a person-based similarity index (PBSI) — an individual person's brain structural profile that considers all relevant morphometric measures as features of a single vector.3 They have found:
measures of global structural variability, suggesting that patient heterogeneity lies in cortical regions; and
measures of regional structural variability, implicating the middle frontal gyrus involved in executive functions and cognitive control, and middle temporal gyrus, involved in language processing and memory.
Genetic markers are unlikely to be helpful
DSM diagnoses encompass heterogeneous clinical descriptions and cannot yet be guided by biological data, said Professor Jerzy Samochowiec, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. He described the complex genetics of psychiatric disorders and suggested that any single genetic variant is unlikely to be useful in enabling diagnosis; because it appears that many genes are exerting a small effect on risk.
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Our correspondent's highlights from the symposium are meant as a fair representation of the scientific content presented. The views and opinions expressed on this page do not necessarily reflect those of Lundbeck.
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Clin Pharm Ther 2001
Ratajczak M, et al. Front Psych 2018
Doucet G, et al. Cerebral Cortex 2019
Ultra High Risk – fact or fiction?
Over pruning: synapses in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
Pandemic brings challenge and opportunity for people with schizophrenia


Since its foundation Sydney has been the major port of arrival for immigrants to Australia. There have been times when this position was temporarily lost – the gold rush directed arrivals towards Melbourne in the 1850s and mass migration to Queensland took place in the 1880s. Fremantle was the first port of arrival for many ships, and tired passengers often stopped off there and remained in Western Australia. But the dominance of Sydney was finally consolidated from the 1960s when passengers shifted from ships to planes. Increasing numbers of these were tourist arrivals, a phenomenon almost unknown in the days of shipping.
[media]Settlers arrived in Sydney under various descriptions – as convicts and soldiers until the 1840s, as emigrants leaving the United Kingdom until the 1880s, as immigrants after that and then simply as migrants. Later migrants were often seen as 'foreigners', whereas most immigrants before 1900 were British subjects joining an overseas outpost of other British subjects. Today all those arriving for settlement from overseas are simply known as non-citizens, although special visa concessions are made to New Zealanders.
The population of Sydney has grown since 1788 from less than 1,000 to over four million, or from the size of an English village to more than half the size of London. This growth has been due to three factors – immigration, migration from other parts of Australia, and natural increase. In the early twenty-first century, the growth of Sydney has slowed, with many residents leaving for coastal destinations, while migrants from other parts of New South Wales and from overseas still come into the city. [media]But in the first 50 years, until the end of convict transportation in 1840, arrivals from overseas were the most important force in transforming Sydney from a small village to a substantial city.
[media]Many who passed through Sydney in this period settled the inland or formed the base for further growth in what became Queensland and Victoria. Indeed rural pioneers were looked on with more favour than those who remained in the city, an attitude which continued for at least another century. Caroline Chisholm, who cared for female migrants to this overwhelmingly male society, was most insistent those she protected and sponsored should go to the bush.
The stated priorities of organised assisted immigration after 1831 were that rural British and Irish should be recruited, that they should settle on the land, and that enough of them should be female to redress the gross imbalance of the sexes caused by the convict system. But Sydney went on growing nevertheless and by the 1890s the movement of people was back into the city, where most immigrants also remained. That so many convicts and immigrants came from London and its surrounding counties undermined the objective of filling the empty rural spaces. But English and Scottish rural dwellers were also moving into British cities, while the Irish were streaming across the Atlantic to Boston and New York. They were no more likely to appreciate country life when some of them came to Australia.
[media]When convict transportation to New South Wales ceased in 1840, the colony's population was 127,000, roughly two-thirds of the non-Aboriginal population of the continent. About 45,000 people lived in and around Sydney. This was already the size of a substantial city in England, where only London and a handful of industrial cities exceeded 100,000.
The great majority of immigrants between 1840 and 1930 were British and Irish. This was directly due to the assisted passage schemes which were confined to British subjects, to the distance and expense for others, to deliberate recruitment from Britain by employers, religions and charities, and increasingly to restrictive legislation which discouraged non-British and non-white settlement. This legislation was frequently urged and endorsed by trade unions and the Labor Party, which had increasing political influence from the 1890s.
Sydney, as a major Pacific port from the 1840s, attracted business and settlers from the region as well as many seamen and itinerants. Reports from as early as the 1830s noted that 'black' sailors and 'natives of New Zealand' could be seen in Sydney streets. [media]Chinese started to arrive in small numbers from the 1830s. The Jewish community, not all of it British, traces its origins back to the First Fleet and had moved away from its convict origins by 1844, when the first synagogue was built in York Street. But these were small groups among a predominantly British and Irish population, and even the dwindling local Aboriginal population was more numerous.
The growth in numbers of non-British immigrants was slow and marginal with the exception of the Chinese. But the Chinese preferred Victoria, where the 1857 Census shows 25,421 Chinese compared with only 1,806 in the whole of New South Wales, most of them in rural areas. Not until the Victorian depression of the 1890s did Sydney Chinese exceed the number in Melbourne. They were then largely confined to market gardening areas in Rockdale, Botany and Alexandria, although many were engaged in cabinet making and laundries. The Chinese population steadily declined, reaching its lowest point in 1947. The small community around Dixon Street and the markets was sustained by the aging market gardeners. [media]Chinese temples were established from 1898, of which those in Glebe, Alexandria and Waterloo are still in use. The majority of Sydney Chinese in 1900 were market gardeners.
[media]Another non-European group which was to grow substantially during the twentieth century was Lebanese Christians (sometimes called Syrians). Like many Chinese, Jews and Indians they established a base in Sydney, but most of their business was in hawking in rural areas. About 100, mainly Melkite Catholics and Antiochian Orthodox, had settled in Redfern by the 1890s and a Melkite church was opened in Waterloo in 1895. The number of Lebanese had multiplied significantly by 1901, stabilising as a community of about 2,000 in the 1920s.
[media]These small groups were exceptions to the dominance of British subjects and Irish descendants who completely characterised Sydney into the 1930s. The rigid application of the White Australia policy after 1901 prevented the growth of minorities such as Somalis, Chinese or Arabs, unlike in British maritime cities such as Cardiff or Liverpool. British shipping companies continued to staff their ships with people from these countries but trade union vigilance prevented the entry of such sailors into Australian shipping after the maritime strike of 1890.
The exceptions to this picture of declining or tiny marginal groups were the Greeks and Italians, both of which communities saw steady growth from small beginnings until 1940. The majority of Italians settled in rural and provincial areas. They were especially strong on the north Queensland cane fields.
In Sydney, as elsewhere, many opened fruit and vegetable shops. Many Greeks came from the islands and were dedicated to the seafood trade, especially oysters and fish and chips. Both Italians and Greeks ran cafes in country, towns with the Greeks more prominent than the Italians. Many worked at manual and factory jobs, while some Italians became miners. None of these occupations were central to the Sydney economy.
[media]Many Sydney Greeks opened commercial and catering businesses and by the 1940s the majority of families were active in these undertakings. The first Greek Orthodox church was consecrated in Surry Hills in 1895 and a larger church was built in Paddington in 1925. The Greek community was highly organised for its size, with clubs and newspapers as well as churches. The great majority were men, as were the majority of Italians. Greeks and Italians were not as subjected to active prejudice in Sydney as in rural and provincial areas. But apart from some Italian professionals and one or two Labor politicians, they were at the margins of city society. Their social contacts with the British and Irish majority were predominantly as shopkeepers.
[media]In 1947 Australia extended free passages to non-British immigrants, of whom the largest number were refugees from communism. The impact of these eastern European 'displaced persons' on Sydney was not as marked as in Melbourne or Adelaide. This immigration wave was soon cut off by the refusal of communist states to allow emigration. [media]The eastern European communities were at their height by 1953 and have passed into their second and third generations of those born locally. In 1971 large numbers of displaced persons and their descendants could be found in Fairfield (Czechoslovaks, Russians, Ukrainians and Yugoslavs), Bankstown (Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles), Blacktown (Poles, Yugoslavs, Czechs), and Rockdale (Yugoslavs). These were newly expanding, working-class, western and southern suburbs.
A different pattern emerges for eastern European Jews who were part of this postwar first wave. They settled predominantly in Waverley, Woollahra and Randwick, where they reinforced the existing Jewish population. Germans and Austrians preferred the western suburbs, especially Fairfield, Blacktown and Penrith. The main visible impact of this wave of immigrants was in the availability of European food in shops and cafes and the building of Orthodox churches for the Serbs, Macedonians and Russians. As early as 1971, when the White Australia policy ended, these new areas were already quite cosmopolitan.
[media]Alongside but distinct from this wave was a second wave – the southern Europeans from Italy, Greece and Malta. They came as free immigrants, funding their own journeys and those of their families, who frequently arrived later. As with the eastern Europeans, but for quite different reasons, southern European migration also dropped off by 1971, mainly due to the success of the European Union and favourable changes in United States immigration law in 1965. [media]Favoured areas for the Italians in 1971 were Fairfield, Canterbury, Ashfield, Burwood, Drummoyne, Leichhardt, Liverpool and Bankstown; for Greeks – Canterbury, Marrickville, Rockdale, Botany and Randwick; and for Maltese – Blacktown, Holroyd and Fairfield.
Some parts of Sydney were becoming ethnic strongholds, though scarcely ghettoes as their social conditions were much better than in the traditional inner city slums of the past. Few of these areas had any non-European settlement. For example, Fairfield in 1976 had only 532 people from China, 14 Vietnamese and no Cambodians or Laotians. Nevertheless as areas became more 'ethnic' the British-born started to leave, dropping from 11,000 to 6,000 in Fairfield and from 5,000 to 2,800 in Marrickville between 1971 and 1986, but rising from 9,000 to 13,700 in Penrith and from 5,000 to 10,600 in Campbelltown, at the edge of suburban development.
These two waves of non-British Europeans were both effectively over by 1971. The next wave, which still continues, brought in people who, in most cases, were barred before 1971 on racial grounds. Many of these went to the same suburbs as their European predecessors, such as Fairfield, Marrickville, Bankstown, Canterbury, Strathfield and Parramatta.[media] Some suburbs, such as Auburn, began a rapid process of change. Auburn was the most Muslim city in Australia by 2006.
The two largest immigrant groups in the shift away from Europe were from the Middle East and South-East Asia, although Yugoslavia continued to supply immigrants. All three regions were affected by civil wars and consequently many refugees came to Sydney under the federal government's humanitarian program. This had several major consequences – these new migrants could not speak English (which had also been true of many in the European contingents), they were without financial resources, they knew little about Australia except that it was safe, and they were politicised against their previous government or one faction of homeland politics.
Apart from these burdens only the Yugoslavs were white Europeans and many Australians had yet to accept the end of the 'White Australia' policy. These factors led to strongly localised concentrations around migrant hostels, three of which were in Fairfield. Adding to these newcomers were many thousands of Chinese students, who were allowed to remain in Australia after the Beijing repression of 1989, and its dramatic climax in Tiananmen Square. The Middle East produced refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. Agitation against these refugees and fear that they would create ghettoes culminated in the rise of the One Nation party in the 1990s and of a Sydney group led by Jim Saleam and eventually renamed Australia First.
Apart from those escaping wars and revolutions, the new wave was added to by Indians, Sri Lankans, Filipinos, Koreans and thousands of students from China and South-East Asia. The University of New South Wales was particularly attractive for them. Whereas many eastern and southern Europeans had preferred Melbourne and Adelaide in the past, by the 1980s Sydney had become the main attraction. This was particularly troubling to then premier Bob Carr who took the unusual position for a state leader that Sydney was 'full up'.
Because immigrant settlement is related to economic capacity, many of this wave settled in the same areas as their European predecessors. Except for some industrialised parts of Botany and Marrickville, most of these places were not in the inner city, which had become gentrified and very expensive. By 2006 the suburb of Auburn was 37 per cent Muslim and 54 per cent of its people were born outside Australia; Cabramatta was 49 per cent Buddhist, 32 per cent were born in Vietnam and 68 per cent were born overseas. [media]These were extreme examples. In the larger municipalities, Fairfield had 17 per cent speaking Vietnamese at home and 27.5 per cent speaking only English; Bankstown had 19.3 per cent speaking Arabic and 43.5 per cent speaking only English; Blacktown had 62.6 per cent speaking only English and 3.6 per cent speaking Filipino Tagalog; and Canterbury had 30.1 per cent speaking only English and 14.4 per cent speaking Arabic. These are multicultural suburbs, not monocultural ghettoes.
As the requirements for immigration have stressed education and professional status, non-Europeans have moved north across the Parramatta River and up the north shore railway line, just as Catholics did before them. Eastwood, Chatswood and Northbridge have become cosmopolitan commercial centres with a growing Asian and Middle Eastern clientele.
The immigrant [media]impact on Sydney has several dimensions and varies over time. Obviously Sydney as we know it would not exist if a convict colony had not been planted there in 1788. Equally it would not have developed its 'English' appearance if its population had not been drawn overwhelmingly from the British Isles. Had the French colonised New South Wales – which could easily have happened – buildings, language and lifestyle would have been quite different. The difference would be even greater if the Chinese had settled and created a society, as they did in Singapore, Bangkok or Saigon/Cholon. [media]But British-Australian descendants replaced the British-born by the 1880s, and as they did, they developed distinctive local buildings, institutions and practices. When large numbers of non-British immigrants settled in Sydney from the 1940s, and non-Europeans from the 1970s, they created distinctive enclaves within an overall physical and cultural core that was already long established. These concentrations of Italians, Greeks, Chinese, Lebanese and Vietnamese are sometimes denounced as 'ghettoes', though this term was not applied to the 'Irishtowns' which had developed in the previous century in Surry Hills or Paddington.
The physical inheritance of immigration can be seen in public buildings, especially places of worship, and more recently in shopping precincts redecorated and rebuilt to emphasise a particular cultural background. The early buildings designed by Francis Greenway are still to be found in the city and Parramatta. The mansions of early settlers are still scattered along the southern side of the harbour. Some domestic buildings are preserved in the Rocks, the nearest approximation to a colonial urban precinct – if now cleared of rats and the worst slums. All of these adopted British models, including neo-Gothic churches, two-storey row houses and multi-storey warehouses reminiscent of the London and Liverpool docks.
This tradition of copying British models continued throughout the nineteenth century. Churches built by Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists and Presbyterians were often indistinguishable from the outside if quite different inside. Some Catholic churches adopted Italianate models and some nonconformist chapels were in a classical style. But these, too, were not unknown in Victorian England. They were not distinctively 'Australian'. [media]Domestic architecture, on the other hand, developed a local style – from the balconied rows, to the Federation houses through the Californian bungalow style to the modern 'migrant style' mansions of some of the western suburbs, with their stately entrances, garden fountains and balconies.
Superior central shopping precincts included the arcades favoured in many English and Scottish cities, of which the most prominent is the Queen Victoria Building.[media] But cast iron verandahs to keep off the sun (more recently replaced by cantilevered awnings) were not needed in Britain.
This combination of 'British' public buildings with 'Australian' domestic architecture continued as the typical Sydney mix well into the 1950s. [media]Sydney University looked very much like Oxford University, while Cleveland Street school looked very much like the Board Schools erected in England following the Education Act of 1902. Hospitals, schools, asylums, homes for the aged, art galleries and museums, might all have been transferred from British cities. Even the Sydney Harbour Bridge was built by the Middlesbrough company Dorman Long as a larger version of an existing bridge at Newcastle-on-Tyne. [media]For many years the city ran a double-decker bus fleet of English make and appearance, which most other Australian cities did not. Migration alone does not explain all this, but most Sydneysiders were comfortable with a built environment which did not differ too much from the British original from which they or their recent ancestors had migrated. However they did want more comfortable and spacious houses and gardens and got these from the 1920s.
The impact of postwar migration on the physical environment was to embed a greater variety of forms within a city which was already well established. A major change came from American and cosmopolitan influences, most apparent in the skyscrapers of the city and North Sydney, but also influential on shopping centres, and later shopping malls, in the new suburbs. Public buildings, such as government and municipal offices and some new churches, also responded to this influence. The same influences were at work in many European and Asian cities.
Direct immigrant influence on the form of the city took three forms: settlement in and improvement of congested and aging properties in the older districts, some of which were previously regarded as slums; settlement in expanding outer suburbs in which immigrant influences on religious and communal buildings was strong; and development of commercial centres with a distinctly ethnic atmosphere. One of the most impressive religious buildings in Sydney is the Gallipoli mosque in Auburn and one of the largest retail centres is the distinctively Vietnamese enclave of Cabramatta.
Immigrant influence was most notable where there was a large and distinctive cultural group. The English remained the largest immigrant group as they had been since 1788, but because they constituted the 'mainstream' for so long their impact tended to be invisible. [media]Most Anglican or Uniting churches were already in place and new ones adopted an international form which was not specifically British. The Irish influence was similarly muted. Catholic churches were not externally distinctive and Irish culture was evident only in some clubs and pubs. New Zealanders, American and other native speakers of English also made very little visible impact, although individuals were often important, as with the British. Thus 'migrant impact' came to mean 'ethnic impact' and was welcomed or condemned depending on personal preferences for variety or uniformity. Sydney eventually passed Melbourne as the 'most multicultural' city in Australia, but has some way to go before becoming the 'most multicultural' city in the world.
Early synagogue built on land close to the present location of Town Hall. It was consecrated in 1844 and in use for 35 years.
Journalist who became Premier of New South Wales 1995-2005.
Northern harbourside residential suburb. It takes its name from the historic stone bridge built over Tunks Park in 1892.


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Sen. Cruz: "we need 100 more like Jesse Helms"
Prejudice often speaks in a kind of code. You can't quite put your finger on it. It doesn't use racist labels, but instead gets the point across thematically. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz recently gave a speech at the Heritage Foundation where he said, "We need 100 more like Jesse Helms." The message does not mention people of color, but the message is clear. Helms defeated an opponent with a famous as against racial quotas showing the white hands of someone being denied a job and then flashed back to the black face of his opponent. He went on to be one of America's most visible opponent of civil rights.
Tim Murphy of Mother Jones writes:
Helms' racism was unmatched on Capitol Hill. He got his political start by bashing interracial marriage and accusing the spouse of a political opponent of dancing with a black man. As a senator, he blasted the Civil Rights Act as "the single most dangerous piece of legislation ever introduced in the Congress" and dismissed the University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill as "the University of Negroes and Communists." In 1983, he filibustered the 1983 effort to create a Martin Luther King Jr. national holiday. The infamous "Hands" ad almost felt gratuitous.
And then there's this: Shortly after Carol Moseley-Braun became only the second African-American since Reconstruction to be elected to the Senate in 1993, she got an elevator with Helms and Utah Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch. Helms began singing the opening lines of "Dixie," and then he turned to Hatch: "I'm going to make her cry," Helms said. "I'm going to sing 'Dixie' until she cries."
Sen. Cruz has made a living opposing a path to citizenship for immigrants, so when he evokes the memory of Jesse Helms in a room full of white conservatives, his point would be clear to all who recognize the code.
Jim Rigby, Sen. Cruz: "we need 100 more like Jesse Helms"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Haley Ward, 8, looks at the chairs dedicated to her family members during a memorial held a year after the shooting.
A lawsuit claiming negligence against Academy Sports + Outdoors for selling guns to Sutherland Springs gunman Devin Kelley can proceed to trial.
District Judge Karen Pozza denied a motion today by Academy to dismiss the case.
Sutherland Springs families had sued Academy, saying it should not have sold a Ruger-556 and 30-round magazines to Kelley, who killed 26 worshippers and injured 20 others at the First Baptist Church on Nov. 5, 2017.
Kelley bought the guns at a store in San Antonio about 18 months before the shooting.


Nomad workshops and shootouts are curated for beginners, seasoned photographers and other wedding vendors interested in adventure and learning. We want to offer an affordable way to learn more, make a community, get content and have fun. Oh, yeah and not have to do any of the heavy lugging, coordinating or tough BEHIND THE SCENES work because we are doing it all for YOU. Trust me, we are only doing it because we are getting paid. Aren't you as tired as us? Doing all this leg work for hopes to get blogged and have a few pics to use. Now you can sit back and enjoy the perks (and the coffee).
Weather you're looking to fill your portfolio with trendy new content, update your website, learn a few new tricks or get out and meet other like minded creatives, Nomad is the perfect opportunity.
What is a Nomad Workshop? Our workshops are a place for all who need help taking photos of their work and peps just looking for rad content/ stock photos. At our workshop we will have two hours dedicated to speakers giving the inside view from their perspective in the industry, pricing, booking clients, and so much more. During our workshops we will have 3 set up and ready to go shootouts. We will include all three meals, great freebies, and a ton of usable and ahead of the trend content. Don't forget one on one experience to learn from our hosts and speakers.
What is a Nomad Shootout? A shootout is a styled or themed session that provides hands on learning for anyone who wants to learn . You will need to have your own camera and an open mind. Shoot as you please!
We will have at our first Workshop/shootout is 3 sets, 1 styled coupled including hair, makeup and wardrobe, 1 tablescape and 1 solo editorial style bride. Plus Ash + Oak will be bringing every prop she has in stock for you play around with and create flat lays. Ashley will guide and teach you cool easy tricks to make your flat lay Vogue ready. Each attendee will have the opportunity to shoot each subject in their own creative way with plenty of time. We will have so much to do at all times there won't be any standing around unless you feel like taking a break.
Our location is chosen by the lovely Nomad Team and are different every time.
LOCATION: The Shootout will take place within the Bay Area. Exact location will be shared with attendee's 1 week before the shootout date (due to weather we like to keep it open) Trust us it will be beautiful and wild. We will supple travel to and from each location. Please bring layers as it may get cold, come on guys it's the Bay you should already know this. The day will start around 10am and end at 9pm. We will be meeting for coffee and tea in the morning to meet everyone and get on the same page. Once we have all arrived and settle in we will have our first speaker talk a little about the Industry. These tropics range from pricing, vendor community, locations, Instagram and so much more.
After our great discussion we will load up and head out. At the location are models will be waiting for you! NO waiting around for hair and makeup we will ready to go. You can enjoy taking great photos and snacking on the lunch we provide for you throughout the day.
During this amazing day we will ask you to put your camera down and step in front of our camera. Diana will be taking headshots for your personal use. You can never have too many headshots or pics for your Instagram.
After we all have had enough time to get the excellent content you need we will pack back up (leave no trace behind) and head to dinner. At dinner which is much deserved after this long day we will have open discussions about the day and have another speaker talk about on of the above topics.
You are interested in or have questions about any of the following: social media, Instagram, blogging, styling, vendor love, email list building, branding, photography, or editing!
Real Couples/ Models: Will be release the week prior in your welcome packet.
Oh Yes, we will have sponsors. We can't take all your money and not give you something! We have amazing sponsors we handpicked with all sorts of goodies. Some of these amazing goodies will be props and details in our shootouts, others are just freebies.
Once you buy your ticket, there is a little place for you to add any comments or ideas you want to learn about. We would love your feedback so we talk about the most important topics to you and everyone else.
We will also offer alumni packages too. You can come to all of our workshops and shootout for a discounted rate.
BTW, We love promoting within and will help you build your business. If you think you have a great idea, lesson or trick to share with the world and want to become a speaker with Nomad just ask!


October is going to be out of this world! In honor of World Space Week, this week's new sticker pack is filled with astronomical scientific and sci-fi inspired graphics.
Take a look at the Recently Added Category of stickers to see these new creations. Have your students create an outer space Buncee using the writing prompt linked below.
Take your Buncee'ing to new heights with Buncee Boards!
Spark wonder in your classroom with this article by NASA on the recent Solar Flare!
NASA also provides great activities for the classroom!
Create your own custom Rocket Ship on Buncee and let your creativity soar with our Makerspace stickers!


MOVE, a state-wide event for rising 9th, 10th, and 11th grade African-American males with a disability and their parents.
Attendees will learn to overcome barriers, become self-determined, and graduate high school college and career ready.
Parents will learn to support their sons and better navigate the educational system.
Sunday, July 12, 2015, 11:00 a.m. – Tuesday, July 14, 2015, 5:00 p.m.
Mileage will be reimbursed; meals and hotel stay are provided.
Applications will be reviewed and acceptance letters will be sent by May 22, 2015.
The event is capped at 50 participants.


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Active Child
Meta style:
Ambient Pop, Indie Electronic
Avant-garde, Chillwave, Dream Pop, Experimental, Hymntronica, Indie
Active Child is the project of Pat Grossi, resident of Los Angeles, native of New Jersey. Inspired by his days as a choir boy and epic nights as a member of the band Weight Room, Grossi combines his soaring vocals and crunching analogue synths with the honey drip drop of echoing harps. For Pat Grossi of Active Child, the last two years have been nothing short of enriching. Musically, Pat has worked within and appropriated a number of styles into his sound...
For Pat Grossi of Active Child, the last two years have been nothing short of enriching. Musically, Pat has worked within and appropriated a number of styles into his sound, from his early days singing with that heavenly voice as a choir boy to his more recent forays into laptop-assisted indie-pop made in his bedroom, best exemplified on 2010's acclaimed Curtis Lane EP. His sound is so wide-ranging that he has found himself touring with many notable acts of differing genres, including dubstep producer James Blake, dreamy synth-pop of School of Seven Bells, and the indie-rock bands White Lies and White Rabbits.
Nothing quite prepares you for the leap that Pat has taken with his debut album, You Are All I See, out on August 23rd via Vagrant records. Recently, he has expanded his sonic ambitions and turned the studio into an instrument for a record that sounds cosmically huge and yet intimate all the same.
Of the album title, Pat himself says, ?You Are All I See is an attempt to build a bridge between the listener and I, in that, I wrote these songs for you as much as I did for me. And right now when you are listening to my voice, by yourself, it really is just you and I.? In attempting to craft songs that meant something not only to himself but that could be meaningful to others as well, he found himself working with some universally human and fragile themes. ?The songs focus primarily on the joy and heartbreak of relationships, love lost and rediscovered, battles with monogamy, battles with identity,? Pat says. ?It came out much darker than I had intended, but sometimes you only have so much control.?
The grand, cinematic scope of Pat's artistic vision is apparent on You Are All I See, which owes as much to his wide array of influences as it does to Pat's own knack for employing these influences in fresh, forward-thinking ways. With triumphant synths and shimmering, contrapuntal harp lines, songs like the title track and ?Hanging On? are reminiscent of Radiohead's ?Motion Picture Soundtrack,? but improve upon that template with layered vocals not far removed from Bon Iver or even James Blake, who Active Child recently opened for on tour. ?High Priestess? and ?See Thru Eyes? are stunning forays into electronic music territory, littered with samples, drum machines, and keyboards that propel the songs forward while simultaneously seeming weightless and suspended. It is in this tension that You Are All I See lives, breathes, and thrives so magnificently. The album is indebted to the sounds of the 1980s, from New Order's drums-and-synths to danceable hip-hop beats, and it's all topped off with soaring r&b melodies. The album's first single, ?Playing House,? features guest vocals from Tom Krell, the crooner of lo-fi r&b project How To Dress Well. Pitchfork Media recently premiered the track, noting ?Active Child's sound now seems positively ahead of its time.?
Reflecting on the album's finished product, Pat says ?I think more than anything, I see this debut release as a bridge towards something bigger and truer. Something I can look back on and think, ?damn, you really did it'.? When you finally hear You Are All I See you'll think the very same thing.
Cruel World (CDS)
Rapor (EP)
Echo Mountain Recording 2012 (EP)
You Are All I See (Deluxe Edition)
Daytrotter Studio 2011 (EP)
You Are All I See
She Was A Vision (CDS)
Curtis Lane (EP)
Balam Acab 2
How To Dress Well 15
Gauntlet Hair 4
The Weeknd 27
Clams Casino 5
Suckers 2
Kisses 4
Summer Camp 4


In Stock. Ships from and sold by The Essentials Of Life.
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US owns up to faulty HIV test kits
Mnangagwa tells white farmers their land is safe
Hull septuagenarian sent to prison for preying on ...
Friday 6 July 2018 – 7:45am
File: Former president Nelson Mandela visited his former cell on Robben Island on 10 February 1995. Photo: AFP / Guy Tillim
JOHANNESBURG – A charity that planned to auction a night in Nelson Mandela's prison cell was locked in a bitter dispute on Thursday with the museum that maintains the historic site.
The annual CEO Sleepout initiative, which raises money for various charities, said on Wednesday that the highest bidder would spend a night in Mandela's cell on Robben Island, where he spent much of his 27-year incarceration.
South Africa's first democratically elected president was kept on the prison island, off the coast of Cape Town, along with other anti-apartheid political prisoners.
But curators at the Robben Island museum condemned the event on Thursday and denied having any prior knowledge of the proposed sleepout in Mandela's cell until learning about it through the media.
"As Robben Island museum, we strongly condemn this auction. We are saddened that Nelson Mandela's legacy is being exploited in this way," Robben Island Museum spokeswoman Morongoa Ramaboa told AFP.
"As a World Heritage Site, we would under no circumstances consider auctioning Madiba's cell. The preservation of our heritage is non-negotiable."
The organisers of the CEO SleepOut had advertised the auction of the 2.4 metres by 2.1 metres concrete cell to mark the centenary of Mandela's birthday on 18 July.
But the CEO SleepOut Trust insisted the Robben Island event would go ahead at a later date.
In a statement it claimed the 2018 Robben Island event was "mutually strategized and subsequently agreed upon" — including the auction of a night in cell number seven, which was used by Mandela.
It said Robben Island's spokeswoman was present at a launch event on 10 May along with other parties connected to the running of the prison museum.
"The CEO SleepOut project was given access to all the maximum-security jail cells for the event. It included the use of the maximum-security courtyard — as well as Nelson Mandela's cell number seven," said the statement.
The online auction, which had already attracted supposed bids of up to $300,000 (R4-million), has since been removed from the CEO Sleepout website.
The Nelson Mandela Foundation distanced itself from the auction, saying it was not responsible for the use of Mandela's cell.
Category : MEDIA.


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A Short History of Targeted Advertising
May 27, 2015 /in Publishers /by Roy de Souza
There's a reason "Mad Men" ended this spring. The show runners recognize that the early 70's were about the end of the sexy, interesting period of advertising — the period where creative ruled and audiences was pretty much everybody. It was assumed that advertising's function was to influence, or perhaps to persuade the masses, and that mass media reached everybody.But in the 70's,
the use of computer technology grew, reflecting a rediscovery of and growing emphasis on "empirical advertising" research and fact-based marketing during the decade. This practice was a reaction to the "creative revolution" of the 1960s and indicated a marked shift to a preference for discipline and accountability.
Targeted advertising didn't really exist before the 70s, except perhaps by age and sex. and markets were segmented by demographics, if at all. But a new concept had already arisen from social scientists: psychographics. Psychographics changed everything by providing new ways to look at consumers and while at first ad agencies didn't understand it, they quickly adopted it to keep their industry alive. It was something they could sell to brands.
Psychographics segmented consumers by more than just age, sex, and income. It began to take into account "lifestyle," and to segment consumers into attitudes, beliefs, opinions and personality traits. Once the audience was segmented this way, media buys began to change as well. That led to the importance of media buyers, who could target the "right" audience rather than just the mass audience. Although the Audit Bureau of Circulations had existed since 1914, the information it provided consisted of little more than numbers of subscribers to print magazines. The rise of radio and television meant that print magazines were't the only way to reach audiences, and buyers began what has been a 50+ year quest for better data. The media buyer had access to the data.
For publishers, this meant knowing much more about their readers or viewers or listeners than just how many there were. It meant segmenting themselves and their appeal to different "lifestyles." In the 70s, new magazines were founded that didn't even pretend to reach the masses: Cosmopolitan, a niche magazine for sexually free, economically independent women, was founded in 1965 but became big news in the 70s with the advent of "feminism," which further segmented the female consumer, and the decade saw the proliferation of magazines aimed a young adults ("Teen") or even people who liked gossip "People."
Each new publication further fragmented the audience. For advertisers, this meant positioning a product in the marketplace to attract the psychographic to which the brand appealed:
In contrast to the "product era" of the 1950s and the "image/impression era" of the 1960s, "positioning" emerged as a primary ad strategy of the 1970s. In a media-oriented culture, marketers found it necessary to position a product in the consumer's mind, both within the context of its own merits and strengths and in relation to its competitors.
And that's how we got to the place we are now: the big data era, in which publishers must know everything about their visitors and make that information readily available to media buyers confronted by a dazzling array of opportunities. Those who don't know will get swallowed up in the continued fragmentation of the advertising buy.
Tags: advertising, Mad Men, Mass media
https://www.zedo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ZEDO-Logo2.gif 0 0 Roy de Souza https://www.zedo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ZEDO-Logo2.gif Roy de Souza2015-05-27 01:10:392015-04-27 16:55:35A Short History of Targeted Advertising
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As I reported in February, Dennis Fusaro was convicted and sentenced to jail time for making a robocall on the topic of transgender bathroom legislation without including a disclaimer.
Fusaro has appealed and has obtained the legal counsel of the Pillar of Law Institute, which specializes in free speech.
Great summary and perfect example of legislative creep encroaching on our most fundamental rights.


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Man who can't speak gives voice to the environment
Jun Santiago III, CSsR for Internews/PCP
Posted at Nov 28 2021 04:36 PM | Updated as of Nov 29 2021 08:54 AM
Ramon Sta. Ana, 67, could barely talk. Six successive strokes permanently damaged his speech motor, leaving the former barangay captain dependent on interpreters for communication.
His words are slurred. But whatever voice is left of him, the mangrove caretaker is dedicating it to the protection of the environment.
Sta. Ana, or Mon to his family and friends, was a former chief of Barangay Cagsao in the coastal municipality of Calabanga in Camarines Sur. Although his chairmanship ended in an election loss in 2013, residents still call him "Kap".
His stint was marked with a funny love affair with water. Sometimes, Mon fights for it, to help his neighbors get access to potable drinking water. There are times that he fights against it, by ensuring that the barrio is protected from storm surges.
Cagsao lies in the typhoon path of the Bicol region. On sunny days, the sleepy town's black sand is littered with seashells, which, during low tide, produce chime-like music as waves lap the shore. At high tide, a battering sound of waves pounds the boulders of the mountainside walls like a canon.
Cagsao is one of the littoral barangays of Calabanga, Camarines Sur. It lies near San Miguel Bay in Bicol region, where heavy siltation and storm surges are perennial problems. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
Cagsao is practically unheard of except for disasters and its 10-hectare mangrove forest that was planted in 2008.
In the mornings, the towering trees and their gigantic roots were abuzz with fishermen and children looking for fish and shells to catch. At night, it was a sight to behold with fireflies lighting up the rural darkness. If it weren't for garbage improperly disposed of, the site is a perfect location for romantic films.
Calabanga, meanwhile, is infamous for hellish disasters. The town, located 405 kilometers south of Metro Manila, is part of the typhoon belt in the Bicol region in southern Luzon. It battles multiple storms annually, and disasters often brought its villages, including Cagsao, down to their knees.
In 2004, three successive typhoons lashed Calabanga, leaving the village black and blue. Since then, climate change became a catchphrase for the barrio folk who experienced its fatal consequences firsthand.
As disaster after disaster barrel through his town, Mon asked himself: What can be done?
In 2007, Mon found out that a non-government organization backed by the European Union was helping Calabanga's three littoral barangays - Punta Tarawal, Balatasan, and Balongay- reforest their shorelines with mangroves. Like Cagsao, these villages were constantly affected by flooding and storm surges.
In 2007, a community-led effort planted thousands of mangrove propagules in belief that this will be their best defense against disaster. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
When Kap heard this, he convinced the project implementers to include his barrio. Awed by Mon's passion and sincerity, the organization agreed. How could they say no to the passionate old man who was desperate to uplift the lives of the people of Cagsao?
There began his uphill battle for the protection of mangroves as he faced resistance from the townsfolk, who thought mangroves were not the solution to their common curse.
Fisherman Jose Posada was quick to thumb down Mon's plan. A skeptic Posada stressed that the project was bound to suffer the same fate as the failed reforestation attempts in the past. "Taon-taon naman, nagtatanim, wala namang nangyayari," Posada said.
But Mon stood firm in his belief. The voters' cold reception to his unpopular stand did not deter him from carrying out his vision. Instead of a defeatist attitude, Mon launched an information drive to explain why mangroves are the villagers' best defense against storms and the best guardians of San Miguel Bay.
Cagsao used to have its own mangrove belt before men deforested the area. When the shore turned into the barren land, the community became at high risk of disasters.
While campaigning for the project to push through, Mon suffered a fourth stroke, which further damaged his speech motor. But Mon was unstoppable. He visited homes to convince the public about the benefits of mangroves. Through interpreters, the barangay captain unwaveringly explained how the forest is a natural buffer against disasters. He added that mangroves would provide the fishing community economic benefits because their roots serve as a nursery to marine life.
The people were slowly convinced. In April 2008, adult residents and children joined Mon in planting the initial 150,000 propagules. His critics, like Posada, eventually became forest caretakers, too.
Erwin Guerero, 8, joins adults of Cagsao on August 20, 2008 during the reforestation project. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
Mon's battle to protect Mangroves continued. Two years later, a group of fishermen asked for a "right of way" so they could conveniently dock their boats. The request meant cutting several young mangroves, which, at that time, was just beginning to entrench its roots.
Mon said no and passed an unpopular ordinance penalizing the cutting of mangroves.
In 2013, Mon ran again and lost.
Four years later, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) approved the cutting of young mangroves to pave the way for an "eco-tourism" site that resembled the famous bamboo forest in Kyoto, Japan.
Several mangroves were taken down to build a bamboo bridge and resting hut in the middle of the plantation. This attracted an unregulated number of tourists and visitors. It created a buzz and turned Cagsao into an online hit.
The site attracted v-loggers, who talked about the mangroves' beauty but not its destruction. Ironically, most vlogs on Youtube called for the protection of these trees while standing on a destroyed plantation that was built for tourists.
The bridge around the mangroves eventually fell after three years, and the eco-tourism site shut down. The once "instagram-able" tourist attraction has become a useless garbage at the heart of the forest.
ISN'T IT IRONIC? Mangroves were cut down to pave the way for the creation of an eco-tourism site where the local government teaches the public about the importance of mangroves. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
Even villagers wouldn't dare cross the bridge. Against Mon's advice, the bamboo pathway was built using metal nails that were not easily visible, especially in mud-filled lands where the plantation stood, making residents wary of accidentally stepping on the metal nails.
This pains Mon, who felt the eco-tourism project came too soon.
"Napakabata pa ng mga mangroves nang umpisahan ang eco-tourism project. Ang mangroves ay para sa storm surges sana, hindi para sa isang tourist attraction," he said through interpreter Armando Torres.
Mon never made a comeback in politics but continued to watch over the forest as a mangrove caretaker. Despite years in public service, he applied for the job without fanfare. Humility never escaped him as he proudly wears his caretaker ID.
HUMBLE AND PROUD: Mon proudly identifies himself as caretaker of the mangrove forest. He always wears this ID with a smile. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
The former barangay chieftain had no qualms picking up pieces of garbage that littered the sea and hung on the roots of mangroves as if they were decorations of Christmas trees.
Some forest visitors thoughtlessly hold tree planting activities at the mangrove site without considering the type of species the area needs. Each time, Mon would carefully pluck them out and replant them where they can survive.
He religiously submitted accomplishment reports to the DENR and never failed to remind them that what Cagsao needs is a second wave of mangrove reforestation. Mon has yet to hear from the DENR for this request.
Mon felt like no one believed his vision just like the doomed Greek goddess Cassandra.
Looking at the mudflats in an interview earlier this month, Mon said: "Ito ang sinasabi kong malawak na lugar para muling pagtaniman. Pero walang naniniwala. Noong umpisahan ang site na iyan ay ganundin naman. Hindi daw mabubuhay at matagal pa bago mapapakinabangan, sayang lang ang resources."
Mon has always loved agriculture and the sea as a young man. But his father, a fisherman, did not want Mon to end up like him. So he sent Mon to Manila for a university degree. But after finishing commerce, Mon went back to the barrio to do what he loved to do: serve nature and humanity.
Months before the March 2020 pandemic lockdown, another bad news reached Mon's doorsteps. Incumbent barangay officials passed a resolution demanding the demolition of a mound that sprouted near the seashore because the piece of land was blocking the fishermen's route to the sea.
Mon vehemently opposed the proposal. This time, he had the mayor's backing. "Hindi yan aalisin." Mayor Ed Severo rejected the whims of the new barangay council. "Kalikasan ang naglagay, kalikasan ang mag-aalis."
Mon stands close to the natural sea wall (upper right most corner) that the mangroves created to protect the community of Cagsao against storm surges. This is Mon's last testament to the barrio. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
The piece of land that the fishermen petitioned to remove turned out to be a moor or a natural sea wall that the mangroves created through time to protect the community from the punishing whip of storm surges. The Tapar family, who had experienced nightmarish disasters in the past, said they have stopped evacuating ever since.
The plantation's success improved the fisherman's catch, too. The site benefitted academia after it turned into an outdoor classroom for students and environmentalists alike. The local government now prides itself as a protector of the environment. And international nongovernmental organizations are tapping each other's back for a job well done.
Mon does not mind to remain invisible despite his efforts. Mon said caring for the mangroves is his last testament to the barrio. He might have lost the elections but in looking after this forest, his constituents win.
(With support from Internews' Earth Journalism Network (EJN) and Photojournalists' Center of the Philippines)
WORK HARD, PLAY HARD: Children play and pluck shells called "bugitis" for lunch. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
GIFT THAT KEEPS GIVING:. During the pandemic lockdown, hunger was not so much a problem for the barrio. The fishing community reported higher catch since the plantation project took off. Even neighboring barangays are benefiting from Cagsao's healthier marine ecosystem. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
ROLLING IN THE MUD: Cagsao villagers and the neighboring barrios go to mudflats for "hila-hila", an indigenous way of catching fish during low tide.The huge mudflats of Cagsao is suitable for a possible mangroves reforestation. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
GUARDIAN of the GUARDIAN: Mon starts and ends his day checking the mangroves. He plucks garbage from the mature trees, and removes barnacles from the roots of the younger mangroves. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
ECO-WARRIOR: Mon uses photos to explain what happened to the 13-year-old mangrove forest. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
MAN and MANGROVES: The relationship between man and mangroves is best defined by the tons of waste people leave behind. These trees can stand against storms and typhoons, but plastic has a way of suffocating them. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
IMPERFECT MATCH: Man-made garbage is entrenched in the seas. Mangroves are known for their sturdy roots but sometimes they are no match for this rubber slipper. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
EVERYBODY WINS: Mother and child from the neighboring of Barangay Cabanbanan benefit from Cagsao's bount. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
TAKING MATTERS INTO HIS OWN HANDS: Mon insists that the village needs a second reforestation project to cover wider mudflats. While waiting for the local and national governments to respond to his request, Mon is carefully replanting propagules that grow from the mangroves. Jun Santiago III, CSsR
Read More: Cagsao Calabanga Camarines Sur Ramon Sta. Ana climate change storm surge mangrove reforestation


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HomeLoksabha
Functional Airports under UDAN Scheme: Unstarred Question in Loksabha
bycontributor 2 — Friday, December 29, 2017 0
Functional Airports under UDAN Scheme
(a) whether the Government has proposed any project to make all the existing airports in the country fully functional and if so, the details thereof;
(b) the names of the airports in Maharashtra which have been covered under UDAN scheme for its implementation;
(c) the provision being made by the Union Government so that the benefits of these airports may reach to more and more people;
(d) the number of airports/airstrips of Gujarat State being considered under Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS);
(e) whether Union Government has floated tenders under the tripartite MoU entered among Government of Gujarat, Ministry of Civil Aviation and Airports Authority of India, if so, the details thereof; and
(f) the type and capacity of aircraft likely to be deployed by the operators under RCS?
MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION
MOHANBHAI KALYANJIBHAI KUNDARIYA
SANJAY(KAKA) RAMCHANDRA PATIL
Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION be pleased to state:-
The Minister of State in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION
(Shri Jayant Sinha)
(a): The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) launched Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)-UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme on 21-10-2016 for providing connectivity to un-served and under-served airports of the country. The primary objective of RCS is to facilitate / stimulate regional air connectivity by making it affordable.RCS-UDAN is a demand-driven scheme, where airline operators undertake assessment of demand on particular routes.;;
(b): Various routes from Kolhapur, Jalgaon and Sholapur airports in Maharashtra have been awarded to Selected Airline Operators in first round of bidding under RCS-UDAN. Following airports in Maharashtra have been included in the Scheme document for second round of bidding under RCS-UDAN:;
Akola, Amravati, Baramati ,Chandrapur, Darna Camp, Deolali, Dhulia, Gondia, Jalgaon, Jath, Kalyan, Karad, Kawalpur, Kolhapur, Kudal.;;
(c): Ministry of Civil Aviation has targeted an indicative airfare of Rs 2500 per passenger approximately, indexed to inflation, for a significant part of the capacity of the aircraft for a distance of 500kms to 600 kms. on RCS routes (equivalent to about one hour of flight). The cap for helicopters under RCS will be higher. The scheme will offer a flexible menu of options to the interested scheduled airline operators. Regional air connectivity is envisioned under RCS by supporting airline operators through (i) concessions by Central Government, State Governments and airport operators to reduce the cost of airline operations on regional routes and (ii) financial support (viability gap funding or VGF). VGF will be shared between Ministry of Civil Aviation and the State Government in the ration of 80:20 whereas for the States in North-Eastern region / Union Teritories (UT''s) the ratio will be 90:10.;;
(d): Various routes from Kandla, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar, Mithapur and Mundra airports in Gujarat have been awarded to Selected Airline Operators in first round of bidding under RCS-UDAN. Following airports in Gujarat have been included in the Scheme document for second round of bidding under RCS-UDAN:;
Kandla, Mithapur, Mundra, Porbandar, Amreli (Amroli), Chela, Chhand Bet, Drangadhara, Deesa (Palanpur), Keshod, Khambalia, Khavada, Limbdi, Mandvi, Mehsana, Morvi, Naliya, Parsoli, Radhanpur, Wadhwan, Wankaner.;;
(e): As per the RCS Scheme, certain concessions / support are required to be provided by the State Governments at RCS airports within their states. For this purpose MoU has been signed among MoCA, Government of Gujarat and Airports Authority of India. Various routes from Kandla, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar, Mithapur and Mundra airports in Gujarat have been awarded to Selected Airline Operators in first round of bidding under RCS-UDAN.;;
(f): As such there is no restriction in type and capacity of aircraft to be deployed under RCS-UDAN. Bidders are free to induct capacity with any aircraft type.
http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Questions/QResult15.aspx?qref=59733&lsno=16
Click to download PDF for Hindi
Tags: Loksabha scheme UDAN Scheme yojana


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Home News Actor Michael Nyqvist Dies At 56
Actor Michael Nyqvist Dies At 56
Delisa Hansen
Swedish actor notable for his role in the original "girl with the dragon tattoo" and "John Wick" has passed on at age 56 after a battle with lung cancer. The Swedish star was said to have passed on surrounded by family and loved ones after his cancer battle. In a statement released by his representative Alissa Goodman, it was emphasised that "Michael's joy and passion were infectious to those who knew and loved him". The statement also emphasised the stars passion and love for the arts.
Nygvist, who got his acting training at the Malmo Theatre Academy, got his first hit in the film industry starring as a misguided husband with anger issues in the Swedish comedy drama "Together". The role earned him his first Guldbagge Award nomination for best actor. The Swedish start that was relatively unknown at this time was later starred in "As It Is in Heaven" in 2004 improving his profile in the movie industry.
His biggest break in the movie industry came in the Swedish trilogy The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' where Nyqvist starred alongside co-star Naomi Rapace who played the heroine. The movie got international recognition and which shine the spotlight in the start act. The movie was later adapted to an English version in 2011 staring Daniel Craig as the lead actor.
The star success did not end with "the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" is he later broke into the American movie industry the villain in several movies. In "Mission: Impossible — Ghost Protocol" staring American actor Tom cruise he played the threat to cruise's mission that was later neutralised by the star. Also starring alongside Keanu Reeves in "John Wick" he played the criminal business man who was later killed by John wicks. The actor seems to be properly suited for villain roles.
The actor is also the author of an autobiography when in 2010 he authored memoir Just After Dreaming which detailed his search for his biological parent.
The star that is survived by his wife, Catharina, and their children, Ellen and Arthur would be remembered for his energetic demeanour.
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Delisa lives in Sarnia with her husband and two daughters and loves to write all things TV Series & Movies. Whether it's a fun list post or review about a specific TV show, recaps of her favorite shows, movies, or an insight into intriguing characters, she is your girl.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import common from '../common';

export default {
  jpath: ['spectra', 'isotherm'],
  find: common.basenameFind,
  getProperty: common.getTargetProperty,
  process: common.getMetaFromJcamp,
};


Hans Jurg & Ermecita and their son Benjamin are new missionaries with Reaching and Teaching Ministries.
Hans Jurg is Swiss German and his wife is a Filipino. They arrived in Mondoro in January 2013. The first task is to build a house for the family.
We are looking forward to visiting them later in the year and see the work commence.


This is where points start to obtain made complex. The methods made use of to quantitatively assess the high quality of a cut differ. The way the GIA establishes exactly what a diamond's cut quality should be, for instance, differs in really particular ways from the means other certifiers like the AGS do it. In a lot of cases, these organizations do not disclose the specific details of the processes they make use of.
The form of a diamond additionally makes a distinction relative to just how its cut grade is determined. Although there are some basic requirements that stay the same for any sort of ruby, the precise techniques made use of to grade a round ruby's cut are different from those made use of to quality a heart-shaped diamond's cut.
The remainder of this description will certainly concentrate on round rubies, as this is without a doubt the most usual diamond form. Among the variables affecting the cut quality of a round diamond is the number of facets it has. Facets are the level, defined areas on the surface area of a diamond. The elements on round rubies are typically triangular. Presently, it's thought that the suitable round diamond must have 33 aspects on the crown (the area of the ruby that rests over the band, which itself is the widest point of the diamond) as well as 25 on the structure (the lower, much longer section of the diamond). When there are blemishes on the surface of the diamond, cutters could add additional aspects in order to cover them. This causes a destruction in the total high quality of the cut.
While the aspect count is generally decideded upon as a good way of evaluating the high quality of a diamond cut, there are other factors on which jewelers often differ. A few of the various other aspects utilized by some authorities to assist determine cut grades include the height of the ruby's crown, the depth of the structure, the size of the table (the top of the crown), and the angles of the crown and also structure.
The American Requirement criteria for rounded rubies requires a crown height of 16.2%, structure deepness of 43.1%, and also table diameter of 53% of the overall girdle diameter. The Suitable Dazzling criteria, however, requires 19.2% crown elevation, 40% pavilion depth, and 56.5% table size. While these distinctions might be hard for novices to discern, they are a good image of the problems related to creating a basic analysis of a ruby's cut.
Although there are some disputes regarding the specific proportions that comprise the perfect ruby cut, for possible ruby customers, one of the most important thing to comprehend is that ruby qualifications supplied by organizations like the AGS and also GIA are trustworthy and purposeful. Trustworthy diamond vendors base the costs at which they get as well as offer diamonds on the cut along with the remainder of the "4 Cs." When you buy a diamond, you don't need to stress over the understanding of just what makes a good diamond cut altering so a lot that the worth of your ruby will certainly be significantly impacted.
Which kind of ruby is best for you mainly depends upon your budget plan. For customers that want to acquire them, suppliers usually recommend rubies with the highest possible cut qualities. Nonetheless, this might be due to some self-interest on their part.
The other three Cs have an effect on diamond rates as well, so it could be difficult to assess the exact difference in cost between a Suitable or Exceptional cut diamond as well as a Great cut. For informal buyers as well as budget-conscious financiers alike, rubies with an Extremely Excellent or Excellent cut grade could represent an exceptional value. This is because, while they can be more budget-friendly than otherwise comparable Suitable or Excellent cut diamonds, the noticeable distinction in top quality is marginal.
At the same time, don't hesitate to utilize your discretion. If, for instance, you stumble upon a ruby with an Ideal cut score which has excellent ratings in the other groups and also is still within your budget plan, then you should certainly consider it, as long as you're dealing with a trusted supplier.
To start our attribute on various sorts of gems, we will certainly begin with the very best and also most popular gems of them all the diamond. The diamond is the utmost gemstone. It has extremely couple of weaknesses and also several strengths. It glows with its amazing worth and also sentimental value. It is made use of in wedding celebration rings to stand for countless love or utilized as gifts/jewelry to be offered to enjoyed ones. Yet the ruby is so a lot even more than its timeless elegance.
The ruby acquires its name from the Greek job adamas implying unbeatable. In firmness, there is no contrast. The diamond prices in the Mohs range a 10 which is the hardest material on Planet. Its reducing resistance is 140 times that of the ruby and also sapphire, the gemstones(Diamond) that are next in the Mohs scale in solidity. The diamond's optical homes such as luster and rigidity make it distinct and conveniently identified from other imitations. Take pleasure in!
The first taped diamond go back around 800 B.C. in India. Some think it also dated back 6,000 years earlier. The rubies were utilized as attractive functions as well as as talismans to prevent wicked and provide security in fight. During the Dark Ages, rubies were also specified to be made use of as a clinical aid. Spiritual medical professionals even informed clients that if they hold a diamond in a hand as well as make the indicator of the cross would, it would certainly cure and ailment as well as recover wounds.
Rubies came to be extra prominent throughout the 19th century because of discovery of diamond down payments in South Africa. This discovery causes boosted supply, improved cutting as well as polishing methods, and growth in economic climate. In 1979, rock hounds discovered the Argyle pipeline in Australia which to this day is the richest ruby deposit on the planet. Argyle, ever since, alone is liable for supplying over one third of the world's diamonds each year.
Diamonds includes an allotrope of carbons that are formed in high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. Diamonds are created 90 miles under the Planet's surface at temperature levels of regarding 2200 levels Fahrenheit. Diamonds are created deep within the earth and eventually, over exceptionally extended periods of time, press their way to the planet's surface area, normally through volcanic eruptions.
The age of these diamonds from beneath the surface area of the planet are from 1 to 3.3 billion years of ages! When diamonds are created and also start their ascent to the earth's surface, they undergo networks where the lava from the volcano climbs to the surface area, getting diamonds in the process and also at some point transferring them externally, where they are at some point discovered as well as mined.
There are four distinctive characteristics that figure out the value as well as top quality of a ruby. These are the color, cut, clearness and carat weight. Otherwise called the 4 C's of a ruby. In the following, we will certainly speak about these attributes thoroughly.
The cut a diamond is identified by the diamond's proportion such as its shape, width as well as deepness. The cut determines exactly what is called the diamond's "luster". Also if the ruby itself has perfect color as well as clarity, with a bad cut the diamond will have a boring radiance. This is due to the fact that the cut determines exactly how light travels within the diamond. The Gemological Institute of America has additionally created a clearness grading system to rank ruby clarity. This grading system consists of Remarkable (Fl), Internally Perfect (IF), Extremely Very Somewhat Included (VV1 or VV2), Extremely A Little Included(VS1 or VS2), A Little Included(SI1 or SI2), and Included(I1, I2, as well as I3). Although this system had actually been added to the diamond sector, it is not widely made use of. This results from the truth that it took a great deal of technique as well as training to integrate it.
The cut a ruby is determined by the ruby's proportion such as its form, size and depth. The cut establishes just what is called the ruby's "radiance". Also if the ruby itself has best shade as well as quality, with a poor cut the diamond will certainly have a plain sparkle. This is since the cut identifies just how light journeys within the ruby.
There are 3 kinds of cuts that can establish the ruby's radiance. These are a superficial cut, a cut that is unfathomable as well as ideal cut. A superficial cut is a cut of a diamond that is also reduced, that light taking a trip with it is lost under of the rock and does not return right into sight. This cut makes a ruby appear drab and also dull. A cut that is unfathomable is a cut that is expensive, that light traveling through it leaves with the sides and darkens the rock. A suitable cut is an excellent cut on a diamond that shows light to the top of the stone, providing it ideal brilliance.
As specified on the last newsletter, a solitary carat weight(ct) considers about 200 milligrams or.2 grams. For smaller sized carat weight rubies that weigh less than a carat, it is expressed as points (pt). Factors are 1/100 of a carat weight. Carat weight of a diamond is very important because of the truth that larger diamonds are rarer than smaller ones, so generally the bigger the diamond the a lot more costly it is. There is no conventional grading system or diagram that can show various carat weight. This is since there are many variants of diamonds fit and also cut, makings rocks of similar weight, look different.
Given that rubies are one of the most useful as well as rarest of all the gemstones, initiatives have actually been made to replicate and even boost diamonds using less pricey options. A lot of times, honest blunders have actually been made as well as these options or various other gems such as spinel were occasionally perplexed with genuine diamonds. Sometimes, some unethical individuals try to sell these choices to misfortunate customers in order to profit. Listed below we will discuss concerning these alternatives as well as methods to identify them.
Artificial rubies are rubies that are expanded made in a lab. The initial recognized situations of ruby synthesis were asserted to be recorded in between 1879 - 1928, but this was never verified. It wasn't up until the 1940's where study started in the USA, Sweden, Soviet Union began looking into. Synthetic diamonds are otherwise called High Stress High Temperature Level (HPHT) rubies or Chemical Vapor Down Payment (CVD) diamonds. The name of both these artificial rubies originates from the procedures used to develop them. A few of these synthetic rubies can either have higher, lesser or comparable characteristics than that of a diamond. As a result, these synthetic diamonds are utilized for abrasives, reducing and also polishing tools, as well as switches over in power plant.
Simulants are non-diamond materials that are utilized to reproduce the appearance and even the shape of a ruby. The most fundamental and also well known simulant is cubic zirconia (CZ). CZ at ordinary sight could sparkle more compared to a ruby and it is much less dense, suggesting that a 1 carat CZ will certainly be much larger compared to a 1 carat diamond. Nowadays, a much more preferred simulant is moissanite, which has all the same characteristics of a ruby. These characteristics include hardness (Moissanite-9.25 as well as diamond-10 in Mohs scale), refractive index(Moissanite -2.65 and diamond -2.42) and also diffusion (Moissanite -.104 and also ruby -.044). This makes it tough to distinguish the two at plain sight as well as would usually call for testers to tell the difference. In the next section we will certainly talk about how you can identify moissanites and also various other replicas.
An old technique of determining rubies is to do a scratch examination. This calls for scratching a diamond with one more ruby which is destructive as well as is seldom made use of nowadays. The most effective as well as most reputable method to evaluate for rubies is to utilize testers that utilize thermal conductivity. These testers include battery powered thermistors mounted with a retractable copper pointer. This tester works by infusing the heat into the evaluated rock and then the gadget measures the amount of warm that it conducts. However thermal conductivity testers works best to identify rubies and its various other simulants, it will certainly not help identify laboratory created or synthetic stones. To be able to identify these, specific optical techniques are required. Laboratories make use of strategies such as spectroscopy, microscopy and also luminescence in order to establish a particular rocks beginning. The ordinary person can use loupes and microscopic lens to differentiate artificial stones. Natural diamonds typically have small blemishes and imperfections such as incorporations or some kind of international material, which will certainly not be found in synthetics.
This is where things start to get complicated. The methods used to quantitatively examine the high quality of a cut vary. The way the GIA determines what a ruby's cut quality need to be, for example, varies in really specific methods from the method various other certifiers like the AGS do it. For the most parts, these companies don't reveal the precise information of the procedures they utilize.
The form of a ruby also makes a difference with respect to just how its cut grade is identified. Although there are some fundamental standards that remain the same for any kind of diamond, the specific methods used to quality a round ruby's cut are different from those utilized to quality a heart-shaped ruby's cut.
The remainder of this description will certainly focus on rounded rubies, as this is without a doubt the most usual ruby form. One of the factors impacting the cut quality of a round diamond is the number of elements it has. Elements are the flat, defined locations externally of a diamond. The facets on round diamonds are typically triangular. Currently, it's thought that the excellent round diamond must have 33 aspects on the crown (the section of the ruby that rests over the band, which itself is the best point of the ruby) and 25 on the structure (the reduced, longer area of the diamond). When there are blemishes on the surface of the ruby, cutters may include extra aspects in order to obscure them. This causes a destruction in the general high quality of the cut.
While the aspect count is normally set as an excellent way of judging the quality of a diamond cut, there are other points on which gemologists regularly disagree. Several of the other aspects utilized by some authorities in order to help establish cut qualities consist of the elevation of the diamond's crown, the deepness of the pavilion, the diameter of the table (the top of the crown), and also the angles of the crown and also pavilion.
The American Criterion criteria for round rubies asks for a crown elevation of 16.2%, structure deepness of 43.1%, and also table diameter of 53% of the complete girdle size. The Ideal Great benchmark, however, asks for 19.2% crown elevation, 40% pavilion depth, and also 56.5% table diameter. While these distinctions might be hard for novices to determine, they are a great image of the problems related to developing a straightforward analysis of a ruby's cut.
Although there are some disputes about the precise proportions that constitute the perfect ruby cut, for prospective ruby buyers, the most vital thing to recognize is that diamond accreditations offered by organizations like the AGS and GIA are trustworthy and significant. Trusted ruby vendors base the prices at which they deal diamonds on the cut along with the remainder of the "4 Cs." When you buy a diamond, you don't have to fret about the understanding of exactly what makes an excellent ruby cut transforming a lot that the value of your ruby will certainly be dramatically affected.
Which type of ruby is best for you greatly depends on your budget. For customers that want to buy them, vendors normally advise rubies with the greatest possible cut qualities. Nevertheless, this may be because of some self-involvement on their component.
The other three Cs have an effect on ruby rates also, so it can be difficult to gauge the exact distinction in price in between an Ideal or Exceptional cut diamond and an Excellent cut. For laid-back customers as well as budget-conscious investors alike, rubies with an Excellent or Great cut quality could represent an outstanding value. This is because, while they can be much more inexpensive than or else equal Suitable or Exceptional cut rubies, the visible distinction in top quality is marginal.
At the very same time, don't hesitate to utilize your discernment. If, as an example, you discover a diamond with a Perfect cut ranking which has good rankings in the various other groups and also is still within your budget plan, after that you need to certainly consider it, as long as you're handling a trustworthy vendor.
Not all vendors provide diamond grading laboratory records (aka diamond high quality records) to their customers. So my basic suggestions to you is to maintain your cash in your pocket when managing such jewelry experts.
Just buy a ruby interaction ring if it features the initial diamond top quality report.
A laboratory report is an independent assessment of the 4Cs of a loosened ruby and also includes an outlined diagram of the stone's clearness characteristics and also a graphic depiction of the stone's proportions. Having such a record permits you to compare diamonds of various qualities and also eventually helps you make a more informed acquiring decision.
A seller may reduce corners and not provide a lab report or an unscrupulous vendor may offer a fake one as a result of the moment, trouble and expenditure he'll bear to obtaining a stone graded.
Yeah - there is a price for grading a ruby (though that price is at some point paid by the customer), plus the shipping and also insurance policy fees for sending out the ruby to the laboratory. And also let us not forget the opportunity price of a jeweler not having the ruby in his store up for sale for a couple of weeks while the grading happens.
Yes, all diamond top quality reports are not produced equal. Within the sector, it is a consensus that both top laboratories are GIA-GTL (Gemological Institute of America's Gem Profession Lab) as well as the AGS (American Treasure Society Laboratories).
The GCAL (Gem Certification and Guarantee Laboratory) also offers very related to reports or "diamond certificates" as they are described by GCAL. The GIA has the toughest global track record for freedom and also uniformity. As a result of their continuous color and also clarity strictness guidelines, the world's biggest and most pricey diamonds have actually been sent out there for grading decades. In 2006, GIA-GTL included a two-dimensional cut grading system for rounded fantastic diamonds.
AGS makes use of the strictest cut requirements in the sector. It makes use of a three-dimensional light efficiency metric that can quality a number of ruby shapes. In truth, it is the only cut grading system that is identified by the scientific area.
Exactly what is more, its Ruby Quality Record uses a special as well as exclusive 0 to 10 grading system to review the 4 Cs - a system which is easier to comprehend than GIA's grading system. Actually, AGS even goes the extra action by relating their 0-10 ranking scale to various other types of rating. As an example, the standard VS1 ruby clearness ranking is a 3 on the AGS Ruby Top Quality Paper.
1. Ruby grading is not standard or controlled as well as for this reason you may come across rate 2 labs that employ looser standards to the rate 1 grading labs stated above. If you acquire a diamond that has actually been rated by a rate 2 lab, you may end up paying a lot more for a minimal top quality ruby. So for instance, a ruby ranked a "F" in shade at a rate 2 laboratory could get a G, H, or lower shade rating at an extra credible lab. The sector likewise discounts diamonds rated by lesser recognized labs by regarding 15-30% or even more. So either you just get a diamond graded by a rate 1 lab or you accept that you could be getting a lesser quality diamond compared to exactly what is mentioned on the report if that ruby is rated by a lower well-known laboratory.
2. Several large store have huge contracts with lesser well-known labs with "softer" ruby grading guidelines. A few of these softer labs placed "recommended substitute values" on the laboratory records - values which are above just what shops means sell the diamonds for. So a salesperson in a chain shop may say to you, "Check out the good deal you are getting here. We are offering you this ruby involvement ring for $2500 yet the record states that the recommended replacement value is $4000." Wow - just what an offer - NOT! This is why it is better that you rely on only independent tier 1 laboratories.
Also bear in mind that credible diamond grading reports are not assessments as well as do not provide assessment figures. Diamond evaluations are frequently grossly inflated as well as are not something you'll want to count on.
"It is wrong to state that pupils, graduates, their companies, or particular gemstones are "certified" by GIA. The Gemological Institute of America does not accredit any individual or anything. Neither a pupil nor a grad that has been granted a certificate or diploma, nor a treasure which has actually been graded or determined by GIA has been certified by GIA".
So it is feasible that you the consumer is left holding the bag ought to a mistake in a record is later uncovered. Courts have frequently ruled that sellers, not labs, are accountable for such errors. Why? Because the laboratories showed in advance that their reports could not be held liable.
B. You could discover one of the 20% people jewelry experts that offer fully adhered diamonds. These are rubies that are offered with life time damage, life time trade-in as well as life time buyback policies.
C. Not as great a treatment as acquiring a totally bonded ruby however you might acquire a ruby that comes with an actual "certification" and also not a report. "Certified diamonds do have guaranties" albeit for much shorter periods.
Certification Some sellers refer to a "diamond record" as a "qualified diamond" however technically this is not deal with. From a lawful standpoint, a ruby report is a just a skilled opinion though in reality, facets of a diamond grading report are not simply viewpoints.
As an example, a diamond's carat weight (weight) could be accurately determined in addition to its cut grade by gauging its optical efficiency or by referring to a computer system design. A certification on the other hand is a statement of reality - a file for which the company accepts legal duty as well as will make restitution to the consumer for errors.
Some top ruby grading labs provide both records and certifications. AGS provides Diamond Top quality Papers (non-certified records) and likewise Ruby High quality Certificates. Diamond High quality Certificates are prepared specifically for AGS retail jewelry experts as well as supplies guaranties from getting involved American Gem Society member shops.
GCAL licenses it's ruby grading additionally. Its 100% money-back assurance plan is legitimate for a duration of 2 years from the date on the applicable certification. This plan guarantees the precision of the cut, shade as well as clearness qualities and the carat weight.
A report or certificate ought to will certainly have a number on it that could or may not be inscribed on a ruby. You will be able to enter that number on the site of the licensing laboratory to inspect a record's credibility.
The Record #. This number is offered as well as videotaped in a lab's record as well as might or could not be inscribed on a ruby's girdle. You could enter the report number on a rating laboratory's web site to check the authenticity of the diamond top quality record or to get more details about the diamond. Forming & Aspect Style: This is the rundown and the reducing design made use of for the facet plan. There are 3 basic aspect designs - "brilliant cut, step cut and blended reducing style" and 12 standard shapes that include notables such as round dazzling and princess cut" rubies.
Measurements: This describes dimension (not weight) of a ruby. Dimension consists of measurements such as length, width, weight and also diameter. A measurement is typically provided to the hundredth of a millimeter. Measurements play a huge role in exactly how a ruby shines.
Carat weight Weight: The weight of a diamond is gauged to the hundredth of a carat and also some even provide such step to the thousandth of a carat weight (1.123 ct.). Carat weight is one of the most objective and also the easiest to understand of the 4Cs due to the fact that all one has to do is weight the stone. Color Quality: This informs you the degree of color absence in the ruby. The less color the greater the grade.
Rubies are commonly rated from D-Z; the closer to "D" the whiter the diamond. You need to never see ruby shade variety such as (G-H, I-J-K, and more) on a diamond report. You ought to just see shade varieties on assessments for rocks that are installed.
Clearness Quality: Virtually every ruby has inner blemishes called inclusions and also exterior flaws called acnes. A diamond is rated inning accordance with the size, kind, location as well as quantity of these imperfections.
Clarity qualities range from Perfect (FL) - Consisted Of. Labs make use of a couple experts to grade the clarity of a ruby in order to create a much more accurate reading.
Cut Quality: More recent diamond records consist of a cut quality for standard round dazzling diamonds. Cut takes right into consideration the luster, fire and scintillation of the ruby. Cut quality varies from Exceptional - Poor.
Other aspects you could stumble upon on a ruby report include the gloss, proportion, fluorescence and also proportion. Equipped with this info, you are much better able making an analysis of the quality of ruby that is installed in an involvement ring.