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Directed by: Mark S. Waters
Written by: Rosalind Wiseman
Starring: Lindsay Lohan, Rachel McAdams, Lacey Chabert, Amanda Seyfried, Tim Meadows, Lizzy Caplan
Released: June 24, 2004
Sure it's the school holidays but Mean Girls will lure more than just interested teenagers into the movie theatre. Already, it's one of the surprise hits of the year in the States. It opened with a huge $24m weekend back in early May and has grossed over $80m to date. Very impressive for a film costing just $17m and carrying few known stars.
The centre of the story is Cady Heron (Lohan), an American girl who has lived in Africa all her life and been home-schooled by her two parents. With her mother accepting a new job back home, Cady finds herself attending a real school for the very first time. Now in the 8th grade, she's about to enter an unknown world where hormones are racing and bitchiness is at an all time high.
After a rough first day, Cady makes friends with Janis and Damien – two kids who are socially unpopular and often the subject of ridicule. Not long after though, she is approached by the three coolest girls in the school and offered a place into their friendship group. Regina, Gretchen and Karen are known as the "plastics" and their popularity earns them both the envy and the ire of almost every other student.
Seeing through the façade of these superficial girls, Cady, Janis and Damien come up with an idea to get revenge and expose them for the "mean girls" that they are. Cady will become their best friend, gain their trust and then expose their weaknesses and hidden secrets. It's certainly not the maturest method and a series of surprising twists and turns take the film into a direction you may not expect.
Sure it's entertainment but I love the underlying subtext here. It's not a stereotypical scenario with definitive good girls and bad girls. There's a lot of grey in the story and the characters are often dance around the fine line between good and evil. Let's just say you may not always been cheering for the same character. Such scripts are very rare – particularly in the teen genre. The final scene is a doozy.
There are lessons in maturity but what won me over was the great comedy. Some of these characters are hilarious and the pick of the bunch is Tim Meadows (The Ladies Man) as the school principal. He's one of the few sane characters in this crazy, mixed-up school and his one-liners sparkle (particularly at the school dance). I've thought about providing examples but you just have to see his lines in context to fully appreciate.
The casting of Lindsay Lohan in the leading role is somewhat ironic. Last Christmas, she was involved in a huge public feud with another teen actress, Hilary Duff. Both had dated the same young musician and when Lohan attended the premiere of Duff's Cheaper By The Dozen, Duff's mother tried to have Lohan evicted with cries of "Get her out!" The two have since made up on live television but I do find the whole situation very amusing.
Ah, but this review isn't going to generate into trashy tabloid journalism. I'm here to talk about Mean Girls and the news is all good. Director Mark Waters has put behind the horrors of 2001's Head Over Heels (one of the worst films I have ever seen) and put a teen film on the market that warrants a look.


Are you searching for home insurance coverage in Hidden Valley, PA? Enter your Zip Code to compare the best options available nearby. Comparing multiple quotes is the best way to save money on your homeowners coverage in Somerset county.
Have you been asked by your mortgage lender to get homeowners insurance? Did you just purchase your first home and understand the value of insuring it but don't know what type of coverage to buy? If so, here is some information to help you get the Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania homeowners insurance you need.
Obtain quotes from insurance agents in person to get personalized help. Or, for more convenience, you can get Hidden Valley homeowners insurance quotes free online. Protect your home with affordable insurance today.
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BWC Distributes Up to $1.5 Billion to Ohio Employers
The BWC began sending dividend checks Ohio employers Sept. 26
Ohio Governor Mike DeWine and Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC) Administrator/CEO Stephanie McCloud announced plans in May to provide the money to employers following strong investment returns, falling injury claims, and other agency cost savings. The BWC's board of directors approved the proposal in June.
"We are committed to providing resources for Ohio businesses to expand, support their employees, and become stronger competitors in the global marketplace," said DeWine. "Because of BWC's leadership and strong investments, Ohio employers will now have the opportunity to make additional investments in their businesses."
BWC mailed approximately 177,000 checks in seven batches over four weeks, concluding Oct. 24.
"We are grateful and more than pleased to once again be in a strong fiscal position that allows us to send these dollars to Ohio employers," said McCloud. "Our hope is employers will reinvest these dollars into their companies, particularly in the area of workplace safety, and help our economy continue to prosper."
The dividends mark the fifth time since 2013 BWC has issued $1 billion or more to Ohio's private and public employers covered by the agency. The checks equal 88 percent of the premiums employers paid in policy year 2017 (July 1, 2017, through June 30, 2018 for private employers; calendar year 2017 for public employers). Nearly $172 million went to counties, cities, townships, and other local government entities. Of that, $51.4 million went to public school districts.
In total, BWC has saved employers nearly $10 billion in workers' compensation costs over the last decade through dividends, discount programs, reduced rates and other cost savings.
For answers to frequently asked questions, click here. Employers: For more detailed frequently asked questions and answers, click here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"We're a long way from anyplace, and that's the point of New Zealand: We like it like that. We're lucky here. We're out of the picture. We're too distant and obscure for terror cells to bother infiltrating. We're all good," New Zealand Herald columnist Steve Braunias writes in an opinion piece published in The New York Times on the day 49 people were shot dead at mosques in Christchurch.
"Except now," Braunias continues, "we have to reckon with the tragedy and the grief and the awful, deepening shock of the terrorist attack in Christchurch.
"News came slow. At first it was described as multiple shootings, and that sounded bad, very bad, but the mind contained it – surely the figure was less than 10. But then the police confirmed 40 dead. An hour later, 49 dead. And then the survivors began describing the shooting and the victims: 'One little boy, Somali, maybe 5 years old. He was a very nice boy.' The bodies in the mosque, waiting to be identified.
"It doesn't make a lick of sense. This sort of thing – an attack, an armed moron with a mission statement, three accomplices running amok in a flat, romantic city, with its gentle Avon River and its cherry blossom in spring – simply doesn't belong here.
"When we go about mass killing, we go about it furtively. The Bain family of five, shot at dawn by a deranged family member in Dunedin. David Gray, the lone gunman who shot and killed 13 neighbours in Aramoana. They were New Zealand killings, in the New Zealand manner – seething tensions suddenly unleashed, a mad dog gone wrong. They had recognisable national characteristics.
"But the mosque killings were something new, something off the chart. This was organised, planned, slaughter on a large scale of the innocent, carried out by a killer or killers with a head full of militant trash – the usual rubbish of white supremacy, with its fear and loathing of immigrants.
Original article by Steve Braunias, The New York Times, March 15, 2019.


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All in Listening Recommendations
Apr 29 David Muhammad on Reinventing Juvenile Probation
Listening Recommendations, Ideas and Opinions
"It's not like those young people don't need something. They just don't need a probation officer. They don't need searches and monitors and surveillance. They need adults in the community who care about them to engage them."
Apr 2 City Visions: Why has juvenile crime declined?
Last week, the San Francisco Chronicle released a report called Vanishing Violence that examines the decline in serious youth crime since the 1990s. As a consequence of this drop, beds sit empty in our juvenile halls and the cost per youth offender is way up.
Do we still need juvenile halls? Why did youth crime decline over the last 20 years?
Nov 9 Serial Season 3 Episode 8 recap: Josh and the juvenile system
CLEVELAND, Ohio – The eighth and penultimate episode of Serial's season in Cleveland paints an unnerving portrait of life inside Ohio's juvenile justice system.
Sep 24 'Marshall Project' Report Highlights Racial Gap In Juvenile Detention Centers
NPR's Ari Shapiro speaks to Eli Hager, a reporter for The Marshall Project, about his recent piece on the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Sep 20 From Prison To The Workforce
No one knows for sure how many Americans have been convicted of a crime. But the number is in the millions, making the formerly incarcerated a significant portion of the population. Once these men and women have served their time, they find their troubles aren't over. It's exceptionally hard for former convicts to get a job, which is bad news for those individuals, for society and for the economy.
Mar 21 Mass incarceration starts young. These kids say the system changes them forever.
The United States locks up more people than any country in the world. That starts young: Roughly a million kids a year get caught up in the criminal justice system. In Caught, a new podcast from WNYC, we'll listen as some of those young people tell their stories over nine episodes. They'll help us understand how we got here--and how we might help, rather than just punish troubled youth. Welcome to Caught: The Lives of Juvenile Justice.
Jul 28 Miss Buchanan's Period Of Adjustment
Brown v Board of Education might be the most well-known Supreme Court decision, a major victory in the fight for civil rights. But in Topeka, the city where the case began, the ruling has left a bittersweet legacy. RH hears from the Browns, the family behind the story.
Jun 19 Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (EJI)
Reading Recommendations, Listening Recommendations, Viewing Recommendations
This site features painful stories of America's history of racial injustice. In order to heal the deep wounds of our present, we must face the truth of our past.
Jul 25 Listening Recommendation - Revisionist History: Carlos Doesn't Remember
"Carlos Doesn't Remember" is the first in a three-part Revisionist History miniseries taking a critical look at the idea of capitalization—the measure of how well America is making use of its human potential.


The success of an organization largely depends on the way it leverages business intelligence. BI is a binding thread to the transformation of enterprises by providing analyzed data as information to key decision makers. Given that all enterprises can't have adequate business analysts in handling the BI, a new concept self-service BI developed somewhere around 2012. This is when non-traditional BI vendors entered the market and provided a license to download the pre-built software that allows end-users to use the tool without any prior knowledge and understanding about BI concepts.
Increased Productivity: Enterprises that embraced self-service BI have reported a steep increase in the employee productivity. An article published in the Information Weekly stands as a testimony to the same. The article reported that self-service BI enables end-users to swiftly respond to the changes and make necessary corrections, which minimized turnaround time. According to Starfleet Research's survey, at least 93% of respondents said that self-service BI was instrumental in boosting the productivity.
Eliminate the Dependency on IT Team: Managers often ask IT departments to send across some crucial reports. It would obviously consume sometime for the IT department to look at the request, prepare or pull out the report and then send across the same. With the help of self-service BI, any business user can get a 360-degree view of the report in real-time with the help of login credentials. This will also help your IT and finance departments to focus on more value driven iniatives instead of generating reports daily.
Data Driven Decisions: No more the intuition or the arguments when it comes to making decisions. Self-service BI provides the required insights through which a business user can analyze and make purely data-driven concrete decisions. According to a survey by Oxford Economics, at least 55% of respondents said that the decisions taken in their enterprises were data driven. They yielded higher profits when compared to previous fiscals where decisions were judgments and taken in real-time without any analytics.
Cost-Effective: Since self-service BI can be availed as a pay-as-you-go service, enterprises will shell out only the amount of the service it utilizes. It is undoubtedly less expensive on contrary to appointing a business analyst and depend on him for data insights. Also, it's highly scalable, as in enterprises can scale up or down depending on their workforce, which will help them cut the costs. With zero requirements of any architecture or database, self-service BI is surely a meritorious option for all the enterprises.
Just like how a coin has two sides, self-service BI comes bundled with pros and cons. Now that we have learned the merits of it, let us also find out its negative shades.
Time to rethink: According to Research and Markets forecast, the future of self-service BI is bright. The report predicted that the global expenditure spent on self-service BI is sure to double by 2021 and touch $7.31Bn. However, self-service BI is taking a chance. It's tossing the coin and awaiting the heads. Your business users will have the complete power of taking organizational decisions that are not advisable.
Conclusion: If you are looking for an alternate for self-service BI, Techwave is here to help you out. We provide in-depth analytics for you so that your decision making will be a cakewalk. Get in touch with us today at info@techwave.net.


After traveling the world over the last few months for her #Revival World Tour,#Selena #Gomez is taking a break to take care of herself.
"As many of you know, around a year ago I revealed that I have #lupus, an illness that can affect people in different ways," the singer and actress, 24, tells PEOPLE exclusively in a statement. "I've discovered that anxiety, panic attacks and depression can be side effects of lupus, which can present their own challenges."
"I want to be proactive and focus on maintaining my health and happiness and have decided that the best way forward is to take some time off. Thank you to all my fans for your support. You know how special you are to me, but I need to face this head on to ensure I am doing everything possible to be my best. I know I am not alone by sharing this, I hope others will be encouraged to address their own issues," she continues.
According to Kenneth M. Farber, the co-CEO and co-president of the Lupus Research Alliance, "it is not commonly known that depression, anxiety and panic attacks can be side effects of lupus. We are so proud of Selena for taking care of herself and bringing awareness to this sometimes very misunderstood illness."


Vroom, vroom – hop in and let's party on! Here's how to throw a car-themed birthday party.
A party fit for any car lover… and in our family's case, our little toddler!
I'm all about themed birthday parties. When he turned one, we threw him an amazing Jungle Party, which took place in a hall. In my family's Filipino tradition, turning one calls for a huge celebration.
For Leo's second birthday, we kept it small but of course, still stuck with a theme. Hall or no hall, I still wanted to go all out for food and decorations. Without a doubt, I put together a car-themed birthday party and you know what? No regrets. I had so much fun with it.
Looking for a few ideas for your next themed party? Here are a few suggestions for a car-themed one!
When it comes to home parties, I think it's all about the sweet table. In a hall, you can have fun with cenrepieces, place settings, and linens.
For Leo's car-themed birthday party, I emphasized our dining area: complete with a colour scheme and fitting snacks and desserts.
Made up of fondant and rice cereal treats, these were so fun to make! (Psst: to save time, I purchased ready-made rice cereal treats so that I can just focus on the fondant work).
Yup, our guests were gulping on motor oil… er, I mean, soda! Duh!
Just remove the labels off of your favourite dark soda and place a label that indicates it as "Motor Oil." So easy, right?!
Again, with these treats, I opted for a quick cake mix so that I could place all of my energy and focus on the fondant pieces.
When it comes to themed parties, it's fun to give well-known snacks new names. This way, they can fit right in with your theme.
Ladies and gents, the pièce de résistance my homemade #2 Track Cake. Yes, yes, yes: all made by moi!
A homemade chocolate cake, formed to be the number 2 (with the help of two circle cakes and one square one). The black and white panels are made of fondant. The green trim and grey road is made up of my homemade buttercream (check out my buttercream frosting recipe here!). Also, I borrowed two of Leo's Hot Wheels cars – which he took back right after he blew candles.
What do you think of our car-themed birthday party?
This is such a fun birthday themed idea. This would be perfect theme for my nephews upcoming birthday party this year.
This is such a fun birthday party! I love all the decor and the cake is amazing.
Oh how fun! Perfect for any cars fan. Love the cake idea too! Too cute.
Now those are some gorgeous ideas for a car themed birthday party! I love the black and white chequered pieces.
What an adorable party theme idea! I love the red, black and white color palette and those treats are too cute.
This is such a cool party theme. And your car track cake turned out super nice!
This is actually such a great theme for my daughter's next party. She loves cars!
Ok, that is the cutest party ever. I would love to have seen that one in person. Kids would adore it.
I loved themed parties, and this is just too adorable. Love that cake!
Everything looks so good! My oldest child was a car fanatic, this would have been a big hit with him!
Well this car themed party is too cute for words!! I love all of the red, black and white! Very festive!
That cake is so artsy, I am sure the celebrant loved it. I remember when my son turned 4, we did a car themed birthday party, it was fun.
These car themed birthday party ideas are so awesome! My kid will appreciate all these details!
What an adorable birthday party theme! Perfect for little boys. And I love the creativity in all those goodies. Brilliant!
I love the idea of the race track cake and the wall decor with his name. So clever! We're celebrating our baby girl's first birthday (the last of the Torres bunch!). I'll be implementing some of these ideas into our Pretty In Pink theme.
That is such an awesome idea. I love all these great decorations and food ideas. That cake is amazing! I bet this was a hit!


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Slave traders bring back an evil voodoo entity that is accidentally freed by the Confederate army during the Civil War. The entity possesses the bodies of the dead soldiers to create an ...
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Reviewed by lost-in-limbo 5 / 10 / 10
There's no rest for the wicked.
In the 1860s, during the American civil war. A Confederate regiment is wiped out in a brutal massacre, but their bodies are possessed by voodoo forces from Africa that were harbouring in an underground cave. They form an army of vampire-like zombies that terrorises not just the north, but also the south. Investigating this matter happens to be Capt. John Harling. He and along with some men (and a mute slave) are appointed to go out and take care of the problem. Unknowingly to them they will face something greater than they would believe. Reading about this particular shoot, I can see that the post-production was quite a handful for director George Hickenlooper and the film that was released was drastically cut by the producers. All of that material turns up in the director's cut labelled, "Grey Knight". This just happens to be the title of the VHS I just recently bought. Although, I've seen "The Killing Box" on TV a couple times, and honestly I couldn't tell the difference between the two. So, I guess I unluckily picked up the original release, which used one of its many titles. That figures! Director Hickenlooper would be best known for his riveting documentary called Heart of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, which looked at the making of "Apocalypse Now". On this occasion the results aren't so rosy, but here he still spins up an admirable little supernatural civil war offering. There are some inspired touches to "Apocalypse Now" and even Sam Peckinpah's minor western classic "Major Dundee". Despite the stimulating and rather interesting premise with its crackling voice-over by Pasdar. It just seems to promise more than it actually does hand out and it can get rather blurry in its intentions. A lack of depth and unbelievable reasoning can also add to the real emptiness created. The idea of this African folklore and the flashback imagery set in this unique setting are strikingly filtered into the film, but it can get contrived. Maybe all of this would be better expressed in the director's cut? The grafting direction isn't much better, with a real lack of flair; guidance and the incompetently staged battle scenes come across like hokey enactments. It really does buckle under its limited budget and comes across like a made for TV feature. Although, Hickenlooper has he moments like effectively demonstrating solid period details and an underling eeriness surrounding the unusual situation. Professionally crisp and showman-like photography makes it seem larger than it is and gives it a bit more scope. Probably too much for this type of production. Now just looking at the names involved, you'd think well this is going to be great. Not so. Most of the big names didn't get up too much. Martin Sheen and Billy Bob Thornton are nothing more than background features. Ray Wise gracefully hams it up as the crabby Col. George Thalman. Adrian Pasdar is capably sound as Capt. John Harling and his co-star Corbin Bernsen is equally so as Col. Nehemiah Strayn. Cynda Williams is fine as the mysterious mute slave Rebecca. Turning up also are David Arquette, Alexis Arquette and a blink and you'll miss role from Matt LeBlanc. "Grey Knights" is a very flawed feature that's not very exciting and probably bites off more then it could chew. One thing that bothers me though, was that it seems to lose something each time I watch it. However, the context and atmosphere is what will keep you watching this real quirky opus.
Reviewed by pumaye 3 / 10 / 10
Great civil war tale
This is a rare gem, probably covered by dust on many video retailers shelves. It is a civil war tale mixed by supernatural tones (with a sort of demonic unit, made up by deceased Union and confederate soldiers possessed by a demonic entity that had reached America a couple of century before on a slaver ship), with a very good cast (Adrian Pasdar, Corbin Bernsen and even a cameo by Martin Sheen - that in the same year was General Lee in Turner Television masterpiece Gettysburg) and a script that is better than you may think for such a low budget production. Director Hickenlooper was able to get all the horrors of the real war (in particular during the first minutes of the movie, when you see the atrocity of the Union field hospital) and mix them with the demonic ones. All in all, a very good movie that is, as usual, mostly unknown to the masses of horror fans out there. search it and enjoy.
Reviewed by MBunge 3 / 10 / 10
A pitiful effort by George Hickenlooper
This is a movie about Civil War vampires. Or maybe they were Civil War zombies. The filmmakers never seemed clear on what particular breed of undead horror they were dealing with, but that confusion is about the least wrong thing with Grey Knight. After Union soldiers are found massacred, some crucified upside down, Captain John Harling (Adrian Pasdar) is assigned to ferret out the forces responsible. Signs point to an infamous Confederate squad known as the Alabama 51st but those men were reported killed, with only their commanding officer Colonel Nehemiah Strayn (Corbin Bernsen) surviving. Harling, a student of Strayn's at West Point, gets his old instructor out of military prison to join the search. Teamed up with the extremely theatrical Colonel Thalman (Ray Wise) and a deaf-mute voodoo priestess named Rebecca (Cynda Williams), Harling and Strayn discover that the people responsible for the Union massacre and other killing sprees of both federal and rebel troops are a group of vampires. Or maybe they're zombies. I'm still not sure. After getting the backstory on the vampire/zombies, the backstory on Strayn and his original squad, the backstory on Harling and Strayn, Strayn sort-of-but-not-really becoming a vampire/zombie and a whole lot of extremely lame camera work, we finally get to the standard climactic battle between the forces of good and evil. Can you figure out who wins? Grey Knight is thoroughly crappy overall, but the very poor direction of the movie deserves its own notice. Think of the most uninteresting, unimaginative, boring and clichéd images and scenes you've ever seen in any film. You'll recognize all the same stuff here. George Hickenlooper doesn't appear to have had the slightest idea what did and didn't look good on screen when he made this. He uses a wide shot when he should use a close up. He uses a close up when he should use a wide shot. The camera is always either too close or too far away from what's going on and virtually none of the action is ever properly centered. Everything's in focus and you never see a boom mic slip into the shot but other than that, it's like the person directing this had never given any thought to how he was filming his story. There's also a plethora of bad performances on display here. Virtually every actor, except maybe Martin Sheen, has at least one scene where he goes completely off the rails. Billy Bob Thornton spouts much of his dialog in one of the least professional manners you'll ever witness. Watching him, you'd swear he got his role because he was the prop guy's cousin or something. Adrian Pasdar whispers most of his lines like a guy with a hearing aid that's been turned up way too loud. Cynda Williams has no dialog in the film and just repeats the same glare over and over at various characters. Corbin Bernsen, looking like he's been trapped on a desert island for 3 years, apparently thought adopting a bad Southern drawl was all the acting he needed to do. Matt LeBlanc has no lines and is only on screen for a few seconds as a crucified soldier, but he may have done the best job of anyone in the cast. There are two other things I have to note. First, the soundtrack of Grey Knight is absolutely, I-can't-believe-what-I'm-hearing horrible. The music played in the opening scenes as the slaughtered Union soldiers are discovered is arrestingly terrible, sounding like a bad rip-off of some of the theme music from Friday the 13th: The Television Series. Second, the vampire/zombies don't have fangs. They don't actually drink blood. In fact, there's nothing that distinguishes them as undead, except that they paint their faces red and white. I think the face paint is supposed to evoke primitive tribalism, but I imagine most people would think they were vampire/zombie clowns. For my part, I thought they resembled nothing so much as the Freebirds when they would paint their faces with the Confederate flag for their matches with the Road Warriors. That's a pro wrestling reference and don't worry, most of today's wrestling fans won't get it either. The version of this film that I watched was called Grey Knight: The Director's Cut. There's another, blessedly shorter version alternatively titled The Killing Box or Ghost Brigade. But as a rose, by any other name, still smells sweet...this movie, by any name, sucks ass.
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Home > Photography	> 99 Years Old!
Hard to believe, but this extraordinary woman celebrated her 99th birthday on the 4th of July. Friends, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and I think a couple of great-greats traveled to a local pond via hay wagon to picnic and party.
Faity Tuttle (born Esther Leeming) wrote a book several years ago that accurately describes her approach to life. "No Rocking Chair for Me: Memoirs of a Vibrant Woman Still Seeking Adventure in her 90's" Available from Amazon. Widowed in her 80's, she worked with a trainer to prepare for auditions and worked in many print and TV ads as the "white haired lady" until recently. If you would like to see and hear her now, she was taped recently by Manhattan Times for the NYC Parks Dept. Faity walks the High Bridge, a long closed foot bridge, and remembers visiting it 90 years ago with her mother and sister to see a plaque dedicated to her great-great-grandfather, designer of the bridge. She is a treasure. Also great fun.
Thanks, you have a great blog here! I'm definitely going to bookmark you!


I would like to offer free subscriptions to certain sellers. I created a new product, Dokan Subscription and set the price to 0. After I saved it the price was $1.
You can assign free non-recurring package from the admin panel. Edit your user profile and assign the package to specific user. To create a free subscription package you have to put the price of the package as "0".
I add a free non recurring subscription package and put the price as "0" not 0? A seller must register without selecting a subscription package and I assign the free package to the specified seller?
If you want to assign the free pack to the specific seller then you can do it by assigning the package from that user profile. Otherwise seller can register with the free pack also.
The topic 'How to Provide free subscriptions to sellers' is closed to new replies.


: Applebee's appeals to everyone: you can have a healthy salad for lunch or bring the tots for a barbecued riblets basket with a generous helping of crispy fries. Go for a lime, peach, strawberry or raspberry margarita at your table or the friendly pub-style bar. Shareable starters include brew pub pretzels and beer cheese dip served with honey Dijon mustard sauce. Try the savory cedar salmon complemented by a variety of spring vegetables atop steamed potatoes. The signature fiesta lime chicken is paired with zesty lime sauce, Mexi-ranch and Jack-cheddar, tortilla strips, seasoned rice and freshly-made pico de gallo. The apple chimicheesecake --- roasted apples and creamy cheesecake wrapped in a tortilla and deep fried and rolled in cinnamon, served with vanilla ice cream and caramel sauce --- is worth the splurge. Despite being a chain restaurant, there's a homey appeal about Applebee's. It likely has to do with the artifacts adorning the walls paying homage to nearby high schools' sports teams and to other hometown heroes.


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Sodium Bicarbonate is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Contrast Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 7977 Patients at Mayo Clinic
Aaron M. From, Brian J. Bartholmai, Amy W. Williams, Stephen S. Cha, Axel Pflueger and Furman S. McDonald
CJASN January 2008, 3 (1) 10-18; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.03100707
Aaron M. From
Brian J. Bartholmai
Amy W. Williams
Stephen S. Cha
Axel Pflueger
Furman S. McDonald
Figures & Data Supps
Days postcontrast that peak creatinine occurred.
Contrast nephropathy according to treatment group. NAC, N-acetylcysteine.
Association of treatment groups with contrast nephropathy adjusted for multiple risk factors. *Adjusted for total volume of hydration, β-blocker, diuretic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and aspirin therapies, age, gender, prior creatinine, contrast iodine load, prior exposure to contrast material, type of imaging study, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus.
Baseline characteristicsa
No Treatment (n = 10,411)
Sodium Bicarbonate + NAC (n = 221)
NAC Alone (n = 616)
Sodium Bicarbonate Alone (n = 268)
Age, mean (SD) 60.2 (17.1) 70.9 (12.4) 68.6 (14.5) 64.4 (16.8)
Male, n (%)b 5458 (52) 125 (57) 363 (59) 149 (56)
White, n (%)b 8844 (85) 189 (86) 532 (86) 231 (86)
Black, n (%) 123 (1) 3 (1) 13 (2) 3 (1)
Iodine load, mean (SD), g 37.6 (21.3) 34.1 (9.1) 35.5 (14.5) 34.5 (11.2)
Volume of contrast, mean (SD), ml 122.6 (68.8) 109.0 (28.1) 113.1 (44.0) 110.9 (35.5)
Average prior creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dl 1.05 (0.41) 1.38 (0.58) 1.29 (0.42) 1.20 (0.64)
Total hydration, mean (SD), mlc 3218 (2580) 2517 (2810) 2038 (2429) 3005 (3998)
Any prior contrast exposure, n (%) 3096 (30) 106 (48) 223 (36) 114 (43)
computerized tomography, n (%) 9126 (88) 166 (75) 438 (71) 223 (83)
noncardiac angiography, n (%) 572 (5) 8 (4) 54 (9) 19 (7)
coronary catheterization, n (%) 584 (6) 47 (21) 124 (20) 26 (10)
plain film, n (%) 129 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
Comorbid diseases
diabetes mellitus, n (%) 1617 (16) 74 (33) 193 (31) 49 (18)
hypertension, n (%) 4230 (41) 137 (62) 402 (65) 146 (54)
congestive heart failure, n (%) 898 (9) 54 (24) 130 (21) 46 (17)
renal disease, n (%) 128 (1) 10 (5) 26 (4) 10 (4)
multiple myeloma, n (%) 138 (1) 6 (3) 14 (2) 4 (1)
ACE inhibitors, n (%) 1796 (17) 71 (32) 196 (32) 73 (27)
ARBs, n (%) 757 (7) 35 (16) 84 (14) 21 (8)
acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) 3190 (31) 106 (48) 261 (42) 106 (40)
β-blockers, n (%) 2166 (21) 101 (46) 193 (31) 98 (37)
diuretics, n (%) 2512 (24) 95 (43) 274 (44) 87 (32)
NSAIDs, n (%) 1526 (15) 11 (5) 46 (7) 27 (10)
↵a No Treatment, neither sodium bicarbonate nor N-acetylcysteine; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
↵b Race was available in 90%, 91%, 90%, and 91% of the no treatment, sodium bicarbonate + NAC, NAC alone, and sodium bicarbonate along groups, respectively.
↵c Total volume of hydration in the 24 h before contrast administration was available for 100% of the cases that received N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, or both agents. Hydration information was available in 3785 (36%) of the No Treatment group because of the vast majority of outpatients in this group compared to the other three groups.
Assessments related to glomerular filtration rate stratified by treatment group
No Treatment (n = 9,375)
P Value of Sodium Bicarbonate versus NAC
GFR,b mean (SD), ml/min per 1.73 m2 73.8 (23.3) 55.4 (21.5) 58.6 (22.6) 68.5 (29.4) <0.001
Stages of kidney diseasea
Stage 1, n (% total) 1831 (20) 10 (5) 49 (9) 46 (19)
n CN (% stage) 293 (16) 2 (20) 14 (29) 23 (50) 0.03
Stage 2, n (% total) 4995 (53) 62 (31) 152 (27) 94 (39)
n CN (% stage) 425 (9) 10 (16) 22 (14) 22 (23) 0.05
Stage 3, n (% total) 2417 (26) 120 (59) 334 (60) 90 (37)
n CN (% stage) 250 (10) 16 (13) 44 (13) 21 (23) 0.03
Stage 4, n (% total) 95 (1) 8 (4) 17 (3) 10 (4)
n CN (% stage) 39 (41) 1 (13) 3 (18) 5 (50) 0.16
Stage 5, n (% total) 37 (0.4) 2 (1) 1 (0.2) 4 (2)
n CN (% stage) 14 (38) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (50) 0.40
CN related to decreased GFR
≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2; OR (95% CI)c 1.00 1.26 (0.59 to 2.45) 1.58 (1.02 to 2.39) 3.62 (2.38 to 5.41) —
<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2; OR (95% CI)c 1.00 1.27 (0.64 to 2.39) 0.98 (0.62 to 1.54) 2.64 (1.49 to 4.59) —
↵a Stages 1 to 5 correspond to glomerular filtration rates of ≥90, 60 to 89, 30 to 59, 15 to 29, and <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively (9). CN, contrast nephropathy; OR, odds ratio.
↵b GFR was estimated using the four-variable MDRD equation (9,17,27). This equation uses race (black or not) as a variable. Race was available in 90%, 91%, 90%, and 91% of the no treatment, sodium bicarbonate + NAC, NAC alone, and sodium bicarbonate along groups, respectively. It is for this reason that the number of patients (n) in each group differs from Table 1. Sensitivity analysis vis-à-vis race in the MDRD equation revealed no effect on the significance of the results.
↵c Adjusted for total volume of hydration, β -blocker, diuretic, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors/ARBs and aspirin therapies, age, gender, contrast iodine load, prior exposure to contrast material, type of imaging study, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus.
Association of CN relative to no treatment according to manner of administration of each treatment adjusted for multiple risk factorsa
Sodium bicarbonate alone
Sodium bicarbonate administered per the Merten et al. protocol (23) 43 2.26 (1.04 to 4.53) 0.03
Sodium bicarbonate administration deviated from the Merten et al. protocol (23) 225 3.23 (2.33 to 4.46) <0.001
NAC alone
NAC administered over 2 d per Tepel protocol (34) 230 0.81 (0.49 to 1.28) 0.38
NAC administration deviated from the Tepel protocol (34) 386 1.38 (0.99 to 1.91) 0.05
Sodium bicarbonate + NAC
Sodium bicarbonate administered per the Merten et al. protocol & NAC administered over 2 d 20 0.97 (0.21 to 3.32) 0.96
Sodium bicarbonate administration deviated from the Merten et al. protocol & NAC deviated administration 90 1.30 (0.68 to 2.31) 0.40
Sodium bicarbonate administered per the Merten et al. protocol & NAC deviated administration 61 1.35 (0.62 to 2.67) 0.42
Sodium bicarbonate administration deviated from the Merten et al. protocol & NAC administered over 2 d 50 0.40 (0.09 to 1.27) 0.17
No Treatment 1.00 —
↵a Adjusted for total volume of hydration, β -blocker, diuretic, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors/ARBs and aspirin therapies, age, gender, prior creatinine, contrast iodine load, prior exposure to contrast material, type of imaging study, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus.
Incidence of CN for each prophylactic treatment stratified by definitions of CN
Definition of Contrast Nephropathy
Creatinine Increase >0.5 mg/dl or ≥25% within 7 d
Creatinine Increase >0.5 mg/dl within 7 d
Creatinine Increase ≥25% within 7 d
Creatinine Increase >0.5 mg/dl or ≥25% within 2 da
No treatment 11% 3% 11% 7%
Sodium bicarbonate + NAC 15% 8% 15% 12%
NAC alone 15% 8% 15% 15%
Sodium bicarbonate alone 31% 16% 30% 35%
↵a Maximum postcontrast creatinine was available within 2 d of contrast exposure in 10,422 cases.
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
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Aaron M. From, Brian J. Bartholmai, Amy W. Williams, Stephen S. Cha, Axel Pflueger, Furman S. McDonald
CJASN Jan 2008, 3 (1) 10-18; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.03100707
Concise Methods
Urinary Biomarkers and Renal Recovery in Critically Ill Patients with Renal Support
Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of Nadir-to-Peak Serum Creatinine Increments Stratified by Baseline Estimated GFR
An Assessment of the Acute Kidney Injury Network Creatinine-Based Criteria in Patients Submitted to Mechanical Ventilation
Show more Acute Renal Failure
Pharmacology of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
International Myeloma Working Group Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloma-Related Renal Impairment
The efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency: a meta-analysis
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions
Sodium Bicarbonate for the Prevention of Contrast Induced-Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis


There are so many opportunities during a wedding reception to document fantastic emotion.
Sometimes it involves stepping outside for a few portraits. Sometimes it's the first dance, a parent dance, or one of the toasts or blessings that take place during the reception.At this Loews Hotel wedding in Philadelphia, the toasts to the bride and groom were especially excellent. I always love hearing the stories that bridesmaids and groomsmen tell about how they met the bride or groom and the fantastic experiences that they have had together.
Since I do not work always with a second photographer on the wedding day, it is my job to document both the person giving the toast and the person being toasted. My assistant is an integral part of this time of day.
To give you an idea of how this part of the day works, I'll describe the set-up that I use to make sure these important moments during the toasts are well-documented.
My assistant begins by holding an off-camera flash in order to illuminate the subject. He or she keeps an eye on me, and when I turned towards the couple my assistant angles the flash towards them as well. When I turned towards the person giving the toast he or she reciprocates by moving the flash in their direction.
My assistant is always watching where I am moving, who my subject is, and make sure that she lights them accordingly. This tandem approach helps ensure that all of these important moments are lit perfectly!
Keywords: Loews Hotel (9), philadelphia (435). 1/60; f/3.2; ISO 1250; 140.0 mm.


Four Nayland College students have been selected to attend an international student forum in Japan. Rae Tilsley, Eva Hansen, Toia Gibbons-Smith and Taylah Kirker will travel to Uji, Kyoto in February 2016 to take part in the Ritsumeikan Uji International Student Forum. The forum, intended to foster cross-cultural understanding and cooperation, is attended by delegations from schools around the world.
Past events have included speakers, social activities and workshops in Japanese calligraphy, Japanese hospitality, traditional Japanese dance, social networking, urban planning, Kendo and positive psychology. The girls will also take advantage of free time after the forum to explore the area.
Fundraising is underway, and you can donate at Givealittle!


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Allways (1988) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
Allways is a lotus 1-2-3 add-in that enhances 1-2-3 by providing a graphical preview, graphs and spreadsheets on the same printed page, embedded graphic pictures, font formatting for individual cells, and enhanced cell formatting. It supports HP and PostScript laser printers.
AppleWorks (1986) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Presentations Graphics Communications Database Other
2.x (Apple II)
Boeing Calc (1986) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
Boeing Calc was a spreadsheet package written by Boeing Computer Services, an independent subsidiary of aviation manufacturer Boeing. It had originally been developed as an in-house accounting tool, but was launched as a commercial product in April 1985 for IBM 4300 mainframes running IBM MVS and IBM PC microcomputers running MS-DOS. Boeing Calc was notable for introducing the concept of 3D spreadsheets. Often Boeing Graph was sold alongside Boeing Calc.
3.00E
CalcStar (1980) 0 Spreadsheet DOS CPM
CalcStar is a spreadsheet from MicroPro, somewhat like VisiCalc but using commands similar to WordStar. You can also format content similar to WordStar. It was available for CP/M and DOS, and often part of early 80s system's bundled software.
Disk-Count Software The Spreadsheet (1988) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
This is a low-end spreadsheet program from Disk-Count software, a vendor notable for their budget software titles. "This program is designed for the first time user with the capability for more advanced users. A spreadsheet is ideal for calculating any set of numbers that you normally would do by hand. Some of the uses are for preparing home budgets, calculating financial payments, tracking car expenses, and creating statistical models."
EagleCalc (1983) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
EagleCalc is an electronic spreadsheet for working with tabular data consisting of 255 rows and 64 columns. It was based on Lattice Inc's Ultracalc, a spreadsheet for CP/M systems, and designed to emulate VisiCalc and Microsoft Multiplan.
Easy Working Tri-Pack (1992) 1 Word Processor Spreadsheet Database DOS
The Easy Working Tri-Pack, from Spinnaker Software, is a bundle of three budget productivity applications from Spinnaker Software. It includes Easy Working The Writer - a word processor, Easy Working The Filer - a database, and Easy Working The Planner - a spreadsheet. These applications boast ease of use with a friendly menu interface wile remaining full-featured.
EasyPlanner (1982) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
"EasyPlanner is a programmable electronic worksheet capable of representing complex financial relationships in a relatively simple form. It allows you to change any figures comprising these relationships, and then instantly see the effects of these changes. You can ask "what if..." and then immediately see the result. With EasyPlanner you can easily handle projects such as company financial profiles, investment projections, and budgeting.
Electric Desk (1984) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Communications Database DOS
Electric Desk is an all-in-one integrated word processor, spreadsheet, database, and terminal program. It was first introduced in 1984 as a low-overhead office package targeted at the IBM PCjr, and was offered as a lower cost alternative to Ashton-Tate Framework and Lotus Symphony. Electric desk features windowing, macros, and context sensitive menus. The user interface is a little eccentric. It refers to the program components as "services", and refers to windows as "viewports". OEM bundled PC software.
Enable (1985) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Communications Database DOS
Enable, from The Software Group, is an integrated office suite that includes a word processor, spreadsheet, telecommunications program, and database. It was designed to compete with Lotus Symphony, and was sometimes bundled with Zenith computers.
Expert File and Calc (1991) 0 Spreadsheet Database DOS
Expert File and Calc is a combination database and spreadsheet targeted at budget home users. It supports importing dBase III databases and Lotus spreadsheets, includes the ability to make reports, and supports Lotus spreadsheet functions. It is a fairly primitive program, and the user interface(s) are very inconsistent.
Framework (1984) 1 Word Processor Spreadsheet Graphics Communications Database DOS
Originally created by Forefront Corporation for Ashton-Tate and first released in 1984, Framework was an early integrated office suite for DOS. It has a built in word processor, spreadsheet, database, outliner, graphing, and telecommunications.
Hello Charlie (1984) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Graphics Database DOS
Hello Charlie is a suite of home-oriented rudimentary office products for the IBM PC. It includes a spreadsheet, database, word processor, drawing program, and a typing tutor. It was released in 1984 by Orion Software, an Alabama company better known for its early IBM PC games.
IBM Assistant Series Quick Looks (1985) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Presentations Database DOS
This is a set of trial applications from the IBM Assistant Series. It includes Writing Assistant, Filing Assistant, Graphing Assistant, and Planning Assistant. They are limited so they can not print or save.
IBM Personal Decision Series Plans Plus Edition (1985) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
The IBM Personal Decision Series Plans Plus Edition is a financial modeling spreadsheet application. It features built in business graph and report generation capabilities, and can share data with other members of the Personal Decision Series. There was also a scaled back version called "Plans Edition".
IBM Planning Assistant (1984) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
IBM Planning Assistant is an easy-to-use electronic spreadsheet, that you may use to analyze "what if" situations in planning, budgeting, projecting, and forecasting. Features built in help and customizable formulas for advanced calculations, and interoperates with other IBM Assistant Series programs. Planning Assistant was a rebranded version of PFS:Plan sold through IBM.
Javelin (1985) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
Javelin, from Javelin Software Corporation, is an analysis and reporting tool that offers features in excess of those found in spreadsheets. Unlike common spreadsheets, Javelin features the ability to manage complex relationship models between data and formulas. This gives users the ability to audit and document financial analysis models. Although some might argue that Javelin is more of an analysis tool than a spreadsheet, and defining rules is placed before data entry, one of its model "views" is a spreadsheet view that can be used similarly.
Lighthouse Design Ltd Productivity Applications for NEXTSTEP and OpenStep (1995) 0 Word Processor Spreadsheet Presentations Graphics Publishing Communications Other Database Mathematics Other
Lighthouse Design Ltd Productivity Applications is an application suite of programs for NeXT computers.
Lotus 1-2-3 (1983) 54 Spreadsheet DOS Unix
Lotus 1-2-3 was an early spreadsheet application available for MS-DOS. It became extremely popular in the late 1980s, displacing the former leader VisiCalc. Lotus had difficulties adapting 1-2-3 to the Windows environment, and was overtaken by Microsoft Excel. Spreadsheet functionality was also included in Lotus Symphony. Later versions were included in Lotus SmartSuite.
1A (PCJr Cart)
1.x (Unix)
Lotus HAL (1986) 0 Spreadsheet DOS
Lotus HAL (Human Access Language) is a natural-language querying interface for Lotus 1-2-3 r2. That is, one can enter standard English phrases instead of typing "complex" formulas.
Lotus Improv (1991) 0 Spreadsheet Other
Improv is a spreadsheet program that attempted to re-imagine how one would create and interact with spreadsheets. It was first released in 1991 for NeXT computers, and for a time became one of the NeXT's "Killer Apps". In 1993 Lotus released Improv 2.0 for Microsoft Windows. It was not marketed as a direct replacement to Lotus 1-2-3, and 1-2-3 remained dominant until both were overtaken by Microsoft Excel.


When configuring an event mapping system it can be a great idea to customise the icons with symbols used to represent features. We often spend time at the configuration stage designing icons which match the style of the brand. An example of this was for England Rugby where a typical round icon was replaced with a rugby ball shape.
Sometimes too many icons can make a map seem too busy, or they fail to be clear on what they mean.
This is not an exact science – but the above guidelines can help when choosing to use icons or dots.


These are my fastest runs from the 2017 Mineral Wells ProSolo - 40.068 on the left, 40.649 on the right. I won C-Street by 0.5s - it was a tough battle with several former National Champions. I am driving a 2016 Mazda MX-5 in C-Street class. Thanks to Deana for the co-drive!
This was my fastest lap (1:55.632) of the Sunday qualifying session at the SCCA Lone Star Majors race at Texas World Speedway during Memorial Day weekend 2017. I was on pole position for both races over the weekend. This was my first trip to TWS. It is a fast and fun layout. I hope it stays around!


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Miandoab (também conhecido como Qoshachay em Azeri) é uma cidade na província do Azerbaijão Ocidental, no Irão. Ele tem uma população de mais de 130.000 habitantes.

Miandoab, é situada em uma região do delta dos dois rios Zarrineh and Simineh. Miandoab apresenta um solo muito fértil e um excelente clima mediterânico. Devido ao estabelecimento de uma fábrica de açúcar no início do século 20, há ocorrido uma enorme atividade industrial em comparação com as cidades vizinhas.

A maioria dos habitantes de Miandoab são Azeris, com uma grande minoria representada pelos Curdos.Maioria dos azeris são seguidores do Xiismo,seita do Islã. Miandoab costumava ter uma grande população Bahá'í, mas por perseguição religiosa pelo governo da República Islâmica, muitos migraram para outras cidades no país ou para o exterior.

Cidades do Irão

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Biography I am born in a small village from Southern Boischaut and lives now in the valley ligérienne. I am a self-educated painter since ten years and takes part in local, regional and international exposures.... and also with new contests. I propose my watercolours with artistic reviews or newspapers. Some were selected in reviews of known visual"
I like to travel and discover new cultures, new lifestyle. At the time of my travels I try to transmit the emotions which pass through nature, the landscapes.
I'm an art painter since 10 years around. I participate at local and regional exhibitions. I participate in art competitions every year. I have exposed in two parisian galleries (Quartier du Marais). My subjects of preference are the scenes of the daily life and by top everything, landscape of the edge of the water. I try to translate in the watercolour with clear and crystal clear colours the changeable reflections of the atmosphere and the light of coasts carpet slippers. My watercolours have been published in some french art magazines for the initiation of this art HACHETTE magazines and Dessins & Peintures. I realize frames at acrylic, oil painting and watercolour. My topics are often landscapes of far countries, portraits, animals and flowers. I draw since my youngest age.In the adolescence, I made numerous frames with painting on silk because I liked very much worked this material which lets diffuse the painting, where from afterward the envyto discover the watercolour. Since around ten years, I practise this technique. Then I discovered afterward the oil painting, in the acrylic but I don't use pastel.
You can write your impressions in my gold book.


text:
Abstracts and ReportsCurrently selected
Mathematical Sciences>Events>Conferences>GSMMC>GSMMC 2019>Abstracts and Reports
GSMMC 2019 Abstracts and Reports
Here are the problems presented at the 2019 Graduate Student Mathematical Modeling Camp, as well as summary reports of the work accomplished.
Drug Delivery in Contact Lenses
Daniel Anderson, George Mason University
Abstract: Ophthalmic drugs are commonly delivered via eye drops. Drainage out of the eye during a blink and the resupply of fresh tears are among the issues that limit the residence timeand effectiveness of the drug in the eye. The use of contact lenses is an alternative means for sustained drug delivery for the treatment of chronic and acute eye disorders.Soft contact lenses are made out of hydrogels and the understanding of diffusion of chemicals through these materials along with transport mechanisms of the drugin the tear film environment are fundamental to the success of these types of treatments. In this project, we explore mathematical models for drug delivery from a contact lens during wear and aim to develop predictive models for drug delivery in contact lens and tear films.
Cutting with Water: From Fish to Fracking
Richard Moore, New Jersey Institute of Technology
We've all seen how water can cut through mountains with its erosive power and crack rock when pumped underground at high pressure. We're perhaps less familiar with water jets used as a precision cutting tool, employed regularly in the food and textile industries. Abrasive water jets, with small particles of garnet in the stream, can cut hard materials such as glass and metal. They are competitive with other precision machine tools such as laser, plasma, and wire EDM cutters but don't generate a heat-affected zone in the material.
There are some challenges with abrasive water jets, however. Depending on the traverse speed of the cutter, striations can form on the cut face, a blank region can be left in the sample, and the kerf (i.e., the gap left by the cut) can develop an undesired internal angle (bevel).
Our goal for the camp is to understand the basic operation of the abrasive water jet and the mechanisms underlying the problems described above. Time permitting, we'll propose some parameter choices or procedural changes to address the problems.
Flow and Fouling in Elastic Membrane Filters
Pejman Sanaei, New York University
Abstract: Membrane filters are used in various industrial engineering
processes and one of the most significant applications is water purification, where target particles,
colloids and macromolecules, are removed from the water flow by applying microfiltration. Hence
mathematical models to predict their efficacy are potentially very useful, as such models can suggest
design modifications to improve filter performance and lifetime. Many models have been proposed to
describe particle capture by membrane filters and the associated fluid dynamics, but most of such models
are based on a very simple structure in which the pores of the membrane are assumed to be simple
circularly cylindrical tubes spanning the depth of the membrane. Real membranes used in applications can
have much more complex internal structure, with interconnected pores that may branch
and bifurcate, and pore-size variation across the membrane. However, during the filtration process,
membrane fouling due to the block of large particles and deposition of small particles occur and decreases
the membrane performance. Thus, the membrane's permeability decreases as the filtration progresses.
Two driving mechanisms can be considered an here: (i) constant pressure drop across the membrane
specified; and (ii) constant flux through the membrane specified. In the former case the flux will decrease
in time as the membrane becomes fouled; in the latter, the pressure drop required to sustain the constant
flux will rise as fouling occurs. Considering elasticity to sub-branches in constant flux scenario, in some stage of filtration process,
the radius of pores may tend to expand due to the effect of high pressure on the elastic sub-branches, which is not negligible.
Report


A few years ago I discovered the name of a 19th century Danville brothel, Blonde Hall. Fascinated by the grittier and often-hidden tales of yore I poured through all the records at my disposal in search of a location. Unfortunately I haven't been able to pin down where the building stood but it appears that it was across the Pelham border on or near Main Street. The bordello was operated by Lelia Lester, who inspired its name with her fair hair.
I knew about Nancy Adams Martin's unusual burial in Oakdale Cemetery months before my arrival. From a cursory glance her marker doesn't really stand out from the taller surrounding monuments in the plot. As you can see below the granite is carved to resemble a rustic wooden cross. A photo taken nearly a decade ago from Find a Grave shows a less-weathered version where the name "Nance" and the cut branches are more visible.
What we can't see from the surface is that deep below the ground Nancy's body has been seated in a chair entombed in a cask of alcohol since her death on May 25, 1857.


text:
COMMONWEALTH vs. LATASHA CRAWFORD
429 Mass. 60
November 3, 1998 - February 25, 1999
Present: WILKINS, C.J., LYNCH, FRIED, MARSHALL, & IRELAND, JJ
In the circumstances of a murder case, the judge should not, at a hearing on a motion to suppress the defendant's statement to police, or at trial, have refused to allow the defendant's expert psychologist to testify regarding the defendant's condition as a battered woman, as bearing on the voluntariness of her confession: where the inculpatory statement was the only evidence against her, the error was prejudicial and a new trial was required. [64-68]
Discussion of cases considering whether a variance between a theory set forth by the Commonwealth in a bill of particulars and the theory on which the prosecution seeks to prove its case at trial prejudices a defendant. [68-70]
INDICTMENT found and returned in the Superior Court Department on September 9, 1991.
The case was tried before James D. McDaniel, Jr, J., and a motion for a new trial was heard by him.
Charles W. Rankin for the defendant.
Paul B. Linn, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
MARSHALL, J. In September, 1991, a Suffolk County grand jury returned an indictment charging the defendant, Latasha Crawford, with the murder of Nathaniel Mason Jones. In July, 1992, after hearing four hours of evidence, a jury convicted her of murder in the first degree on a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty [Note 1]. G. L. c. 265, s. 1. Crawford was not the shooter of the
victim: the Commonwealth proceeded against her as a joint venturer [Note 2].
Crawford claims error on multiple grounds. Among these are her claim that it was error for the trial judge to refuse to allow her to present expert testimony, both at a hearing on her motion to suppress and at trial, that a statement she gave after she was arrested and in response to questioning by the police was not voluntary because she was a battered woman traumatized by beatings by the victim, and was also suffering the effects of alcohol and drug use when she made the statement. Because her statement was the only inculpatory evidence against her, Crawford argues, the error was prejudicial.
We conclude that the judge should have permitted Crawford's expert to testify at the hearing on the motion to suppress. Moreover, the judge should not have barred that testimony at trial on the issue of the voluntariness of the defendant's statement. We reverse the conviction, and remand the case to the Superior Court for proceedings consistent with this opinion. In light of our decision, we need not address each of Crawford's arguments raised on appeal because they concern matters not likely to arise on retrial [Note 3]. We comment, however, on Crawford's attack on the bill of particulars.
On July 19, 1991, Boston police responded to a report of shots being fired at 183 Magnolia Street in the Roxbury section
of Boston. The first officer on the scene was directed to the victim by Shaun Jones, in whose apartment the shooting took
place [Note 4]. The victim was still alive but unconscious [Note 5]. He had wounds to his head and legs. At trial, the medical examiner testified that the victim died of a gunshot wound to the head the only gunshot wound he identified.
Shaun Jones told the police that the victim had been shot by "several black males," and that, after the shooting, he had heard a female voice saying something like, "Come on, come on, let's go." Shaun Jones gave the police the name of the defendant as the victim's girl friend. Five days later the defendant was arrested. After receiving the Miranda warnings, she was questioned by the police.
In response, Crawford told the police [Note 6] that she had known the victim for over two years, was in a relationship with him, and was pregnant with his child. During the course of their relationship he had assaulted her, the last time on the morning of his death [Note 7]. She told police that at about 7 A.M. that morning, she had been driven by Steven Chaney, a long-time friend, to Shaun Jones's apartment. Nathaniel Jones arrived in a taxi at the same time [Note 8]. Crawford told Chaney to drive away, but Nathaniel Jones chased the car, jumped on it, and, while assaulting Crawford, dragged her by her hair out of the car, into the building, and up the stairs into the third-floor apartment. There he dragged her into the bedroom, shut the door, and continued to assault her.
Alerted by Chaney to the assault on his sister, the defendant's brother, Errin Crawford, arrived at the apartment, interrupting the beating. He argued with the victim, and told his sister to leave with him. The defendant and her brother then drove with Chaney to Chaney's apartment, where Errin Crawford retrieved something from some bushes, which the defendant said was a gun [Note 9]. Errin Crawford, Steve Chaney, the defendant, and Willie Stone, Jr., then walked back to Shaun Jones's apartment [Note 10]. When they entered the apartment, the victim ran into the bedroom and hid in a closet. According to the defendant, she and her brother followed him into the bedroom, where Errin Crawford shot the victim. She told the police that she heard two or three shots fired, and that the victim was screaming. Errin Crawford, Stone, Chaney, the defendant, and Shaun Jones all ran out of the apartment. Crawford told Detective Horsley that her brother had shot the victim because he beat her "all the time"; her brother had seen the defendant's bruises from the victim's assault on her that morning and "got mad and did what he did."
Just prior to trial, a hearing was held on Crawford's motion to suppress the statements she had made in response to the police questioning. Detective Horsley testified that, when the defendant was arrested in mid-afternoon, she had to be awakened, appeared disheveled, but did not appear to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. He testified that she had cried during the interview; the tape recording has many lengthy pauses when Crawford can be heard crying.
Crawford testified that, during her interrogation, she had vomited several times, and she had been feeling the effects of large amounts of alcohol she had consumed the night before and cocaine she had ingested over the previous four days. She testified that she was pressured into speaking to Detective Horsley and had been feeling "beaten up, torn down." She testified that, although earlier at the police station she had denied ever
receiving medical treatment for injuries she received from the victim, her statement was not true [Note 11]. See note 7, supra.
Defense counsel then called an expert psychologist to testify on the defendant's state of mind as a victimized or battered woman. Crawford made a written and oral offer of proof in support of the admission of the expert opinion testimony on her "motion to suppress statements and at trial [Note 12]." The judge refused to allow the expert to testify, stating that he did not need "any expert to help me determine whether or not she voluntarily, intelligently and knowingly waived any rights she might have had in the circumstances, and whether or not the statement was voluntary." The judge further stated that: "I don't think a jury needs [the expert testimony] either. That's something that an ordinary person can determine on all the evidence in this case. No expert is needed for that purpose." He denied the motion.
Crawford argues that it was error for the judge to refuse to consider the testimony of the expert psychologist at the hearing on the motion to suppress and to bar that testimony from the
jury's consideration of the voluntariness of her statement. In the circumstances of this case, and based on the proffer of the defendant, the judge should have admitted the testimony of Crawford's expert witness. Our "humane practice" requires that at a preliminary hearing in the absence of the jury, a judge must decide whether a defendant's incriminating statements were voluntary. Commonwealth v. Tavares, 385 Mass. 140 , 149, cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1137 (1982). Moreover, "[d]ue process requires the Commonwealth to persuade the judge at the suppression hearing that the statement was voluntary before it is admitted in evidence at trial." Id. at 151, citing Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368, 376 (1964), and Commonwealth v. Harris, 371 Mass. 462 , 471 n.3 (1976). A trial judge, therefore, has a "constitutional obligation to conduct a voir dire examination in the absence of the jury where the voluntariness of a confession is in issue and to make an affirmative finding of voluntariness before the jury are allowed to consider it." Commonwealth v. Tavares, supra at 151, quoting Commonwealth v. Harris, supra at 469.
At a suppression hearing, there is an initial presumption that the defendant's statement is voluntary, placing the burden on the defendant to produce evidence tending to show otherwise. See Commonwealth v. Harris, supra at 471 n.3. Where, as here, that evidence is forthcoming, the presumption disappears and the Commonwealth must then prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the statement was voluntary. Commonwealth v. Tavares, supra at 152. If evidence proffered by the defendant is not admitted, the burden of proof does not shift.
The testimony of experts may provide invaluable help to judges and to juries in making a determination of voluntariness. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Chung, 378 Mass. 451 , 458 n.8 (1979) (judge had independent obligation to instruct jury to consider voluntariness of confession in light of extensive psychiatric evidence of involuntariness); Commonwealth v. Banuchi, 335 Mass. 649 , 654-656 (1957) (prejudicial error to exclude expert testimony on effect of sudden deprivation of alcohol or mental capacity of confirmed alcoholic to make alleged confessions). See also United States v. Gordon, 638 F. Supp. 1120 (W.D. La. 1986), aff'd, 812 F.2d 965 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 438 U.S. 1009 (1987) (battered woman syndrome expert evidence admissible in suppression hearing on voluntariness of statements of defendant accused of joint venture murder of
abusive husband); Commonwealth v. Hunter, 416 Mass. 831 , 832-833 (1994) (reversal required where defendant offered expert psychiatric testimony on voluntariness and judge denied motion for voir dire). In making his assessment, a judge may not simply rely on his own generalized knowledge of alcoholism, substance abuse, battered woman syndrome, or other debilitating conditions, but must make a determination whether a particular statement made by a particular defendant under a particular set of circumstances was voluntary.
In this case, the defendant proffered expert testimony to explain her particular mental state as a battered woman who had been traumatized by the brutal assaults of the victim, by witnessing the shooting of the victim, and by her own alcohol and drug dependency, when she was questioned by the police. She testified that she had been pressured by the police to answer their questions. She also sought to demonstrate, through her expert, that she was incapable of refusing to answer questions put to her by the police. The defendant was entitled to place this evidence before the judge, as the Commonwealth was entitled to cross-examine the expert and test the strength of the proffered testimony. Of course, a defendant who suffers from one or more debilitating conditions may nevertheless be found to have made a statement that is voluntary. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Libran, 405 Mass. 634 , 638-639 (1989) (mentally retarded, schizophrenic, manic depressive defendant capable of making voluntary statement); Commonwealth v. Allen, 395 Mass. 448 , 456-457 (1985) (statement voluntary even though given while defendant recovered from gunshot wound implicating areas of brain controlling "appropriate" behavior). That is no reason to exclude the expert testimony.
When relevant expert testimony is entirely excluded by a trial judge, any resulting ruling is suspect. Commonwealth v. Banuchi, supra at 654-656 [Note 13]. We do not agree with the Commonwealth that the trial judge's prior exposure to the general subject of post-traumatic stress disorder or battered woman
syndrome is determinative of whether he should have permitted expert testimony on those subjects. It could be that the expert's testimony would not have altered his ruling. But he should have heard the evidence before he made his ruling.
We comment further on the judge's statement that there was no need for the jury to consider the expert testimony on the voluntariness issue [Note 14]. We do not agree with the judge's conclusions that the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder, or battered woman syndrome, are within the common experience of the ordinary juror [Note 15]. A judge, of course, has "no duty to ask the jury
to pass on voluntariness unless it is made a live issue at trial." Commonwealth v. Alicea, 376 Mass. 506 , 523 (1978). Here the voluntariness of the defendant's statement was a live issue before and during the trial, and the judge correctly gave a humane practice instruction to the jury. If a humane practice instruction was warranted, admission of evidence relevant to the jury's determination of voluntariness was also warranted.
The erroneous exclusion of the expert testimony both at the motion to suppress and at trial was prejudicial. Such an error may not be prejudicial where there is overwhelming evidence independent of the defendant's statement that the defendant committed the crime. Commonwealth v. Vazquez, 387 Mass. 96 , 103 (1982); Commonwealth v. Chung, 378 Mass. 451 , 459 (1979); Commonwealth v. Johnston, 373 Mass. 21 , 25 (1977). This is a far cry from those cases. Moreover, Crawford's confession was the only evidence presented at trial directly tying the defendant to the crime. See Commonwealth v. Hosey, 368 Mass. 571 , 579 (1975).
The Commonwealth's bill of particulars identified only a theory of premeditation to support the murder indictment. The defendant says that she was unfairly and prejudicially taken by surprise when, after both the prosecution and the defense had rested, the prosecutor requested (and received) a jury instruction on extreme atrocity or cruelty and then argued that theory in her closing statement. Given our disposition of the case, we comment briefly on this claim.
Crawford's defense was that she was an observer and not a joint venturer. We do not find persuasive the Commonwealth's argument that her defense could not have been prejudiced by the Commonwealth's pursuit of a conviction under a theory different from the one contained in the bill of particular, A defendant in Crawford's circumstances could argue that she was merely an observer and that the murder was not of a caliber warranting a conviction under a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty.
Because Crawford was not on notice that she faced prosecution
for murder in the first degree on a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty, she says, her counsel did not dwell on the medical evidence that was presented - evidence she claims negates any such theory. For example, the testimony of the medical examiner was that, based on the autopsy, the victim had been shot once. Crawford also points out, correctly, that the essential elements of the crime of murder in the first degree on a theory of deliberate premeditation differ from the essential elements of the same crime on a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty. Had the judge instructed the jury on a theory of deliberate premeditation only, the jury would have been instructed on the first prong of malice only and would have to find that Crawford had a specific intent to kill the victim. Commonwealth v. Judge, 420 Mass. 433 , 441 (1995).
"The purpose . . . of specifications in a bill of particulars . . . is to give a defendant reasonable knowledge of the nature and character of the crime charged . . . and the effect, when filed, is to bind and restrict the Commonwealth as to the scope of the indictment and to the proof to be offered in support of it." Rogan v. Commonwealth, 415 Mass. 376 , 378 (1993), quoting Commonwealth v. Hare, 361 Mass. 263 , 267-268 (1972). In Commonwealth v. Tavares, 385 Mass. 140 (1982), the defendant argued, as here, that he was prejudiced by the variance between a bill of particulars giving deliberate premeditation as the Commonwealth's theory, and the presentation of the case to the jury on a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty. Id. at 157. We concluded that in the circumstances of that case the variance between the particulars and the proof offered at trial did not prejudice that defendant who, charged with viciously beating a man to death, was on notice prior to trial that the Commonwealth might introduce in evidence photographs and the autopsy report of the victim. In this case, there was little evidence comparable to the kind of which the defendant in Tavares had notice.
In Commonwealth v. Edelin, 371 Mass. 497 (1976), we held that the defendant was entitled to an acquittal because of a prejudicial variance between the indictment as particularized and as proved at trial [Note 16]. We noted that it was open to the Commonwealth "within reasonable limits of circumstance and time" to amend its bill. Id. at 521, citing G. L. c. 277, s. 40 (since
repealed). Such amendments have been permitted after the evidence has closed, Commonwealth v. Barnoski, 418 Mass. 523 , 539 (1994); Commonwealth v. Corcoran, 348 Mass. 437 , 441-442 (1965), or even after final arguments, Commonwealth v. Lussier, 333 Mass. 83 , 91-92 (1955). Here too, it was open to the Commonwealth to amend its bill. It did not do so. Because of our disposition of the case, however, we need not consider whether Crawford was prejudiced because she did not have "reasonable knowledge of the crimes charged, with adequate notice to prepare [her] defense," Commonwealth v. Amirault, 404 Mass. 221 , 233-234 (1989). At her new trial, if the Commonwealth proceeds on a claim of murder in the first degree [Note 17], the defendant will now be on notice that the Commonwealth may proceed on a theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty [Note 18].
The judgment is reversed, the verdict set aside, and the case is remanded to the Superior Court for a new trial consistent with this opinion.
[Note 1] The judge instructed the jury on murder in the first degree on theories of deliberate premeditation and extreme atrocity or cruelty, and on murder in the second degree. The jury rejected a verdict of murder in the first degree on a theory of deliberate premeditation. There was no instruction on manslaughter. In her motion for a new trial, Crawford claimed that her trial counsel's failure to present her case as one of manslaughter, and his failure to request a manslaughter instruction, was ineffective assistance of counsel. She makes the same argument before this court. Because of our disposition of the case, we do not address that claim.
[Note 2] The grand jury also indicted, for the same crime, Errin Crawford (the defendant's brother), Steven Chaney, and Willie Stone, Jr. The defendant was the only one of the four against whom the Commonwealth proceeded to trial. In the summer of 1992, on the Commonwealth's motion, the indictments against the other three defendants were dismissed without prejudice. The Commonwealth explains that Shaun Jones, the only eyewitness who would have testified against them, had disappeared. Shaun Jones did not testify against Latasha Crawford.
[Note 3] Crawford also challenges the prosecutor's closing argument, the judge's instructions to the jury on joint venture, the judge's decision to permit the jury to consider extreme atrocity or cruelty as a theory of murder where the Commonwealth's bill of particulars specified only that the manner of homicide was deliberate premeditation, and the prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges to exclude women (including three black women) from the jury. She also claims she received the ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
[Note 4] The victim and Shaun Jones were not related. Shaun Jones did not testify. The evidence was introduced through the testimony of the police officers to whom Shaun Jones had spoken.
[Note 5] The victim survived for approximately three weeks after the shooting.
[Note 6] Detective Sergeant Charles M. Horsley of the Boston police department testified that he had made a tape recording of the defendant's statement. The tape recording was played to the judge at the voir dire and to the jury at trial and a transcript of the recording was entered in evidence.
[Note 7] Crawford told Detective Horsley that the victim Jones had beaten her "five or six" times, maybe more. In support of her motion for a new trial, Crawford pointed to the failure of her trial counsel to call available witnesses to testify about the numerous and brutal beatings inflicted by Nathaniel Jones on the defendant. The defendant's expert psychologist opined at a voir dire that women who suffer from battered woman syndrome minimize the beatings they receive and that Crawford was "severely traumatized" as a result of progressive and "very severe domestic violence."
[Note 8] Shaun Jones later told the police that, earlier on the morning of the shooting, he was smoking "crack" with the victim and the victim had said, "Where is the bitch?" meaning the defendant.
[Note 9] In response to police questioning, Crawford told the police that her brother had retrieved a gun from the bushes. She was not asked whether she learned this when the gun was retrieved, or later, when it was used by her brother to kill the victim. At the hearing on the motion to suppress, Crawford testified that she did not know that her brother had a gun until he shot the victim.
[Note 10] Detective Horsley did not ask Crawford when Willie Stone, Jr., had joined the group.
[Note 11] Photographs of Crawford's bruises were taken by the police and introduced in evidence at trial.
[Note 12] In her written offer of proof that was directed to both the suppression hearing and the trial, Crawford argued that, as a battered woman with a history of drug and alcohol abuse, "[e]xpert knowledge regarding the victimized woman is directly relevant to defendant's state of mind and intent at the time of a killing, or the giving of statements . . . ... She argued that the condition of battered woman syndrome is outside the scope of the ordinary juror's experience, and that expert testimony on battered woman syndrome had been admitted by other courts and met the standard for admissibility described in Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013, 1014 (D.C. Cir. 1923), adopted by the Commonwealth in Commonwealth v. Fatalo, 346 Mass. 266 , 269 (1963). Defense counsel also told the judge: "[T]he argument would be advanced that this woman's free will was overborne by the police officers at the time of their questioning of her and that the reason that free will was overborne was the course of her mental status at the time, the course of her history, her unique history, her involvement with the alleged victim, his relationship to her, the beatings she had taken, the alcohol and cocaine that she had consumed. And how those factors, her history, her mental state, alcoholism, her prior history of being beaten by this fellow, affected her voluntariness, affected her rational intellect, affected her free will.
"And on that score, the question of her voluntariness, any evidence, I submit, that would be probative of her mental condition, should be admissible in the court, both at a trial level, mental condition before and after the alleged crime, and also mental condition before and at the time of the making of the statement. "
[Note 13] "As a general rule the question whether an expert is qualified and the propriety of questions put to such expert are for the determination of the judge in his sound discretion. . . . However, the matter is not one solely of reviewing the judge's exercise of discretion, when the judge wholly excludes expert testimony because of serious misunderstanding of the issues of fact upon which such expert testimony is offered or because of failure to perceive the relevance of the offered testimony." (Citations omitted.) Commonwealth v. Banuchi, 335 Mass. 649 , 655 (1957).
[Note 14] As noted earlier, see note 12, supra, and the accompanying text, at the bearing on the motion to suppress, the judge stated that the jury did not need to hear the expert testimony, and denied the defendant's motion to admit it at trial. Immediately before the trial began, the judge conducted a voir dire of the expert witness to determine whether the defendant could refer to the expert's testimony in her opening statement. The focus of this voir dire of the expert was on Crawford's mental state at the time of the shooting: the judge questioned the expert on her opinion regarding Crawford's "criminal responsib[ility]," while defense counsel argued that he was entitled to present evidence probative of Crawford's mental condition "before and after, during, the alleged commission of a crime." The expert testified that Crawford was a battered woman so severely abused that she had symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder; she had been so severely beaten on the day of the shooting that Crawford was in fear for her life, believed that it was the victim's intention to kill her, and was unable to do anything of her own volition except to escape. Her testimony was directed to Crawford's mental state at the time of the shooting. Following the prosecutor's opening statement, the judge told defense counsel that he could refer to the expert witness in his opening statement. Counsel did not do so, and did not call the expert as a witness to testify on Crawford's mental state at the time of the shooting. The Commonwealth argues that the judge placed no restrictions on the scope of the expert's testimony, suggesting that the defendant could have called the expert to testify on the voluntariness of Crawford's statement. We disagree. As reflected in the docket, the judge already had ruled that the expert testimony could not be introduced at trial on that issue.
[Note 15] See Commonwealth v. Goetzendanner, 42 Mass. App. Ct. 637 , 642 (1997) ("pattern of behavioral and emotional characteristics common to the victims of battering lies beyond the ken of the ordinary juror and may properly be the subject of expert testimony"). The Legislature has concluded that battered woman syndrome evidence is of a kind appropriately presented to the fact finder by expert testimony. General Laws c. 233, s. 23F, inserted by St. 1996, c. 450, s. 248, which replaced G. L. c. 233, s. 23E, repealed by St. 1996, c. 450, s. 247, on the same subject, states that [i]n the trial of criminal cases charging the use of force against another where the issue of defense of self or another, defense of duress or coercion, or accidental harm is asserted, a defendant shall be permitted to introduce . . . (b) evidence by expert testimony regarding the common pattern in abusive relationships; . . . the relevant facts and circumstances which form the basis for such opinion; and evidence whether the defendant displayed characteristics common to victims of abuse. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to preclude the introduction of evidence or expert testimony . . . where such evidence or expert testimony is otherwise now admissible." See Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 418 Mass. 1 , 7 n-7 (1994); Commonwealth v. Goetzendanner, supra at 643.
[Note 16] See G. L. c. 277, s. 35: "A defendant shall not be acquitted on the ground of variance between the allegations and proof if the essential elements of the crime are correctly stated, unless he is thereby prejudiced in his defence. . . ."
[Note 17] At oral argument counsel for the Commonwealth informed us that he was "authorized to tell this Court that if this Court were to find sufficient evidence of extreme atrocity or cruelty, but decided to vacate that verdict under its [s.] 33E powers, the Commonwealth would not elect to retry this case for first degree murder, and would accept a reduction of the verdict to second degree murder."
[Note 18] Because of the jury verdict rejecting murder in the first degree on the theory of deliberate premeditation, the principles of double jeopardy preclude the Commonwealth from proceeding against Crawford on that theory. G. L. c. 263, s. 7 ("person shall not be held to answer on a second indictment or complaint for a crime of which he has been acquitted upon the facts and merits"). See Luk v. Commonwealth, 421 Mass. 415 , 419 (1995), citing North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 717 (1969). See also Huffington v. State, 302 Md. 184, 191 (1985), cert. denied, 478 U.S. 1023 (1986) (defendant, acquitted of premeditated murder, whose conviction of felony-murder on same underlying facts was reversed on appeal, could be retried for felony-murder but not for premeditated murder).


text:
<?php

namespace BackEndBundle\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

/**
 * Agents
 *
 * @ORM\Table(name="agents")
 * @ORM\Entity
 */
class Agents
{
    /**
     * @var integer
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="id", type="integer", nullable=false)
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="IDENTITY")
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @var integer
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="user_id_agent", type="integer", nullable=false)
     */
    private $userIdAgent;

    /**
     * @var \DateTime
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="dateadd", type="datetime", nullable=false)
     */
    private $dateadd;

    /**
     * @var \DateTime
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="datedeleted", type="datetime", nullable=false)
     */
    private $datedeleted;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="User")
     * @ORM\JoinColumns({
     *   @ORM\JoinColumn(name="agent_id", referencedColumnName="id")
     * })
     */
    private $agent;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="User")
     * @ORM\JoinColumns({
     *   @ORM\JoinColumn(name="user_id", referencedColumnName="id")
     * })
     */
    private $user;

    /**
     * Get id
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    /**
     * Set userIdAgent
     *
     * @param integer $userIdAgent
     * @return Agents
     */
    public function setUserIdAgent($userIdAgent)
    {
        $this->userIdAgent = $userIdAgent;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get userIdAgent
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getUserIdAgent()
    {
        return $this->userIdAgent;
    }

    /**
     * Set dateadd
     *
     * @param \DateTime $dateadd
     * @return Agents
     */
    public function setDateadd($dateadd)
    {
        $this->dateadd = $dateadd;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get dateadd
     *
     * @return \DateTime
     */
    public function getDateadd()
    {
        return $this->dateadd;
    }

    /**
     * Set datedeleted
     *
     * @param \DateTime $datedeleted
     * @return Agents
     */
    public function setDatedeleted($datedeleted)
    {
        $this->datedeleted = $datedeleted;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get datedeleted
     *
     * @return \DateTime
     */
    public function getDatedeleted()
    {
        return $this->datedeleted;
    }

    /**
     * Set agent
     *
     * @param \BackendBundle\Entity\User $agent
     * @return Agents
     */
    public function setAgent(\BackendBundle\Entity\User $agent = null)
    {
        $this->agent = $agent;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get agent
     *
     * @return \BackendBundle\Entity\User
     */
    public function getAgent()
    {
        return $this->agent;
    }

    /**
     * Set user
     *
     * @param \BackendBundle\Entity\User $user
     * @return Agents
     */
    public function setUser(\BackendBundle\Entity\User $user = null)
    {
        $this->user = $user;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get user
     *
     * @return \BackendBundle\Entity\User
     */
    public function getUser()
    {
        return $this->user;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Android EditText don't show last character I have this xml style of my EditText:
<style name="out">
        <item name="android:layout_weight">1</item>
        <item name="android:layout_width">match_parent</item>
        <item name="android:layout_height">0dp</item>
        <item name="android:inputType">none</item>
        <item name="android:editable">false</item>
        <item name="android:background">@color/transparent</item>
        <item name="android:textColor">@color/light2</item>
        <item name="android:clickable">true</item>
        <item name="android:gravity">left|center_vertical</item>
        <item name="android:textIsSelectable">true</item>
        <item name="android:singleLine">true</item>
    </style>

If i set too long text to this EditText, then text will end with "..." and will show just first N letters, but i need to do opposite thing. I need to show last letters and hide first ones. Can anyone help me with xml property name?
Thank you.

A: <item name="android:android:scrollHorizontally">true</item>

This might be what you are looking for.

A: You need to get the width of the field program, and count how many characters will fit on it, and then cut and add "..." in the beginning.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange