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18 of the Best Email Subject Lines You've Ever Read
The CMO Club - March 1, 2015 September 7, 2020
By Ginny Soskey, Marketing Section Editor at HubSpot
If you're an email marketer, or just someone who happens to send emails on behalf of your company, you don't want to be one of those ignored (or (gasp) deleted) emails in your subscribers' inboxes. You've gotta make sure your email subject lines are top-notch. And what better way to learn how to do that than by examining some great examples of subject lines?
Check out the following subject lines that we are completely bananas about.
18 Great Email Subject Line Examples to Inspire You
1) Warby Parker: "Uh-oh, your prescription is expiring"
My boss got this email two weeks before he needed to renew his prescription — talk about great timing. Plus, this would be an excellent time to upgrade your glasses, too. By sending an email at the right time, Warby Parker was already increasing their chances of getting opened.
But timing isn't the sole reason we included this example. This subject is brilliant because it appeared at the right time and with the right tone. Using conversational words like "uh-oh," keeping the subject line sentence case, and leaving out the period at the end, the subject line comes across as helpful and friendly — not as a company trying to upsell you.
2) Groupon: "Best of Groupon: The Deals That Make Us Proud (Unlike Our Nephew, Steve)"
It's hard to be funny in your marketing, but Groupon's one of those brands that seems to nail it again and again and again. (Remember their unsubscribe video?)
This subject line is no exception. The quip "(Unlike Our Nephew Steve)" actually had me laughing out loud. Why? It's completely unexpected. The first part of the subject line looks like a typical subject line you'd get from Groupon, highlighting a new deal. The parenthetical content? Not so much — making this one a delightful gem to find in your inbox.
3) Rent the Runway: "Happy Birthday Lindsay – Surprise Inside!"
It's no secret that we're big fans of personalized marketing. It can be incredibly effective — especially in email marketing. According to the 2014 Science of Email Marketing, emails that included the first name of the recipient in their subject line had higher CTRs than emails that did not.
This example shows that stat in action: It's sent close to the recipient's birthday, and addresses her by her first name.
But that's not all this subject line does. It also hints at an incentive to open the email: There's a surprise inside. This subject line does a great job of being clear about what's in the email without giving away the surprise completely.
4) Barack Obama: "Hey"
This example isn't about a great subject line, but rather a great subject line and sender name pairing. Regardless of your political leanings, imagine getting an email in your inbox like this. It's overly familiar, which makes you wonder, "What in the world would Barack Obama have to say to me? I've got to click this now." And that's what made this email one of the most successful of Obama's entire re-election campaign.
Pairing unlikely subject lines and sender names could surprise your subscribers and get them to open emails. Are you sending a marketing email from a high-up executive your subscribers respect and admire? Try a casual greeting like Obama's in the subject line. Or, pair a goofy mascot with a pretty serious subject line. The goal here is to get someone curious enough about the inside message to click on it. And in the case of Obama's email, I definitely would've clicked just to find out what personal message was inside.
5) Manicube: "*Don't Open This Email*"
Ever been told to not do something? Being asked to refrain from something can actually have the opposite effect — you now want to do that thing even more.
That's the strategy behind Manicube's subject line. It's a simple but effective way to make people curious enough to open your email. (Just be sure that the contents of your email actually have something worthy of that subject line.)
6) Refinery29: "The broke girl's guide to a luxury vacation"
People love to self-identify. Sometimes, it's with the company they work for. Other times, it's the color of their hair or the way they dress. Maybe it's the music they listen to. Regardless of how they like to identify, it's an important concept to know (and use within your marketing).
You can see it in action in the subject line above. The word "broke" is that self-identifier — people looking for inexpensive vacation tips will see that word and immediately want to click through because it feels like that subject line was written for them.
The great part about this tactic in email marketing is that you won't be leaving out people who don't self-identify as that identifier. If you're segmenting your email lists properly, everyone in that segment should already self-identify with that descriptor.
7) Zillow: "What Can You Afford?"
Imagine getting this subject line in your inbox from a website showing apartments for rent. It's both exciting and encouraging ("Here are a bunch of apartments right in your budget. Yay!"), but also kind of competitive — pitting your cash against what the market offers. Would you click it? I certainly would.
Playing off psychological emotions is key to getting people to open your emails. You don't have to be a psychologist to know how to take advantage of them, either. Get caught up with this ebook from Unbounce — while it's all about landing pages, the same principles can apply to email subject lines. Principles like urgency, scarcity, and social proof are all great ways to increase your conversion rates.
8) UncommonGoods: "As You Wish"
When crafting emails, you should also think about what makes people tick.
For example, take this subject line from UncommonGoods sent to me from a die-hard fan of The Princess Bride. Apparently, "As You Wish" is a pretty big reference to that movie (I know, I know — I need to see it already), so when she got this email in her inbox with that subject line, she just HAD to click.
Even though she knew logically that the email was a blast, it seemed that it was tailored to be sent personally to her — after all, why else would it include a reference to Princess Bride in the title?
UncommonGoods knows its buyer persona like the back of its metaphorical hands. While it may not send emails to individual subscribers with references to their favorite movies in the title, it does know its subscribers and their interests.
9) DocuSign: "What are our customers saying?"
This subject line was sent in an email late in the lead nurturing process. The body of the email contained a bunch of case studies that were meant to help the recipient move closer to actually purchasing DocuSign.
This is another "right place, right time" example. When someone's further down the funnel, they're much more receptive to hearing customer testimonials — in fact, they may even be looking for them. While being clever or punny can definitely get you noticed in the inbox, some cold, hard relevancy can do the trick just find in getting someone to open your email.
10) Eater Boston: "Where to Drink Beer Right Now"
Okay, you caught me: I'm a beer lover. (One of the many reasons I like working at HubSpot.) But that's not what hooked me here. The subject line arrived in my inbox just at the time I needed it: at 6:45 on a Wednesday evening. Absolutely. Genius.
Think about it: You're just over hump day and want to decompress with a few coworkers after work. Right as you're about to head out, you get a notification on your phone that says, "Where to Drink Beer Right Now." Perfect timing makes this subject line something you can't help but click on.
For your own emails, think about how timing will affect how people perceive your emails. Even if you send an email in an off-peak hour, you could get higher engagement on your email — ifyou have the right subject line.
11) Ticketmaster: "Read your review for John Mulaney"
It's a natural tendency to be proud of something you create — whether it's a cake, a 100-page ebook, or just a review you wrote about a show you saw last week. Ticketmaster knew that and catered to that tendency in the subject line above.
A friend of mine had seen Comedian John Mulaney live and then left a review of the show on Ticketmaster. To get her back on the site, Ticketmaster sent her that subject line — perhaps to promote her review or buy tickets for another show.
Who wouldn't want to go check out their own review after they left it? Maybe that person would want to check out other reviews, see if anyone responded, or just see their own name featured on the website. Heck, I blog for a living and I still get excited to see my name in a byline. Remember: Everyone's got an ego — playing to it could have a big impact on your open and engagement rates.
12) JetBlue: "You're missing out on points."
Have you ever heard about FOMO? That's an acronym for "fear of missing out." It's a big deal, especially now with our hyper-connected society.
It's also an effective marketing tactic you can use to engage your email subscribers. This subject line from JetBlue is not shy about letting you know what you're missing out on. But, naturally, most people don't want to miss out on things — especially if those things could save them money or time down the road. JetBlue points may not be the most valuable thing you might be missing out on, but it's worth an email open to find out.
So, think about the value proposition of the email you're going to be sending before you write the email. Is there something unique you're offering that could save people time, money, or effort? Try modeling a subject line after JetBlue and let your subscribers know what they're missing on.
13) BuzzFeed: "Not Cool, Guys"
I've said it before and I'll say it again: I love BuzzFeed. I think its staff has some of the best writers out there, and that writing staff includes exceptional email marketing staff. I've signed up for BuzzFeed's daily emails, and pretty much any day of the week, they win for best subject line in my inbox.
While there are a few of BuzzFeed's subject lines here and there that aren't my favorite, it's the combination of subject lines and the preview text that is golden. They're friendly, conversational, and, above all, snarky.
Here's the text that followed the subject line above: "Okay, WHO left the passive-aggressive sticky note on my fridge. Honestly, who acts like this?" That conversational tone and snark pulls me in over and over and over again — and it's the preview text that completes the experience for me.
We're not all equipped to be snarky writers, but most email platforms have the preview text easily available to edit. How can you use that little extra space to delight your customers (oh, and probably improve your email stats)? Maybe you could use the subject line as a question and the preview text area as the answer. Or maybe it's a dialogue: subject line is one person and preview text is another.
You get the idea. By using that space, you have more opportunities to attract new subscribers.
14) Thrillist: "DO NOT Commit These Instagram Atrocities"
No matter how humble people are, most don't like to do things wrong … so why not play on that natural human tendency in an email subject line? Thrillist certainly does in the subject line above, and it makes the language even more vibrant by using DO NOT.
Instead of using the typical contraction "don't," Thrillist spells it out and adds the all-caps for effect. That way, you'll notice the subject line in your inbox and then not be able to resist clicking on it.
Think about how going negative in your marketing can be a good thing. Most people have anxiety about looking silly and stupid, so figure out how you can play to those emotions in subject lines. Of course, it's important to back up that subject line with encouraging, helpful content so you're not just ranting at people all day.
Getting negative can get your subscribers' attention — this subject line certainly caught mine.
15) AddThis: "10 Engagement Tips to Gobble Over Thanksgiving"
I don't know about you, but I am a SUCKER for puns. If I get a pun in an email subject line, I pretty much open it, no questions asked. And I'd venture to guess that I'm not the only one who loved getting this AddThis email in my inbox around Thanksgiving.
If you are punny, think about small ways you can slip them into your emails to spice them up. It's easy to go overboard, though, so if you're concerned about being too punny, check with a coworker who really hates puns. They'll tell you whether you're overdoing it or hitting a sweet spot.
Puns can let your company loosen up a bit without going too far — definitely a way to dip your toe in the water of a fun, vibrant online brand.
16) Buffer: "Buffer has been hacked – here is what's going on"
Next is a subject line from Buffer. A while ago, Buffer got hacked — every tech company's worst nightmare. But Buffer handled it exceptionally well, especially on the email front.
What I admire about the subject line is that it's concise and direct. In a crisis, you better not use puns. People want to see that you're not only taking the situation seriously, but also be reassured that the world isn't ending.
Because of the way the subject line is worded and formatted, you feel like Buffer is calm and collected about the issue and is taking your personal safety into consideration. That's pretty hard to do in just a few words.
17) DiningIn: "!"
If a picture is worth 1,000 words, punctuation is worth at least 500 — maybe more in DiningIn's case.
For their target audience of mobile-savvy people, the subject line with one exclamation point is better than a subject line following all the best practices would. Why? Their audience is familiar with messaging apps, where it's commonplace to use punctuation in place of words. An exclamation point shows how excited the sender is without the sender having to say that out right.
This is just a great example of knowing your audience and speaking to them using their language — even if that language doesn't include words.
18) Quirky: "Abra-cord-abra! Yeah, we said it."
Last, but certainly not least, is this punny email subject line from Quirky. (Told you I'm a sucker for puns.)
What I like most about it is the second part: "Yeah, we said it." The pun in the beginning is great and all, but the second sentence is conversational and self-referential — exactly what most people would say after making a really cheesy joke in real life.
Most companies could stand to be more conversational and goofy in their emails. While it may not be appropriate to go as far as Quirky's subject line, being goofy might just be the way to delight your email recipients.
This article originally appeared in HubSpot


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Os Trabalhadores do Comércio são uma banda de música portuguesa formada na década de 80 por Sérgio Castro e Álvaro Azevedo, músicos dos Arte & Ofício, juntamente com João Luís Médicis que quando a banda começou tinha apenas 7 anos.

Alcançaram grande sucesso com temas como Chamem a Polícia, A Cançom Que o Abô Minsinou, A Chabala do Meu Curaçom, Apunhalaste a Minha Mãe, Molhareita Fartura na Tua Tassa Quente ou Taquetinho Ou Lebas Nu Fucinhu.

Em 1986 participaram no Festival RTP da Canção com o tema Tigres de Bengala, que se classificou no pódio. A compilação "O Milhor dos Trabalhadores do Comércio" é lançada em 1995; já no século XXI Lançam através da Farol o disco "Iblussom" em 2007. Em 2011 é lançado o livro "Das Turmêntas Hà Boua Isperansa" que inclui um disco de oferta.

Discografia
Entre a sua discografia encontram-se:

Long-play (LP)
 1981 - Tripas à Moda Do Porto, editora Polydor Records
 1982 - Na Braza, editora Polygram
 1986 - Mais Um Membro P'ra Europa, editora TDB)
 1989 - Trabalhadores do Comércio, compilação, editora Polygram
 1990 - Sermões a Todo o Rebanho, editora Polydor Records
 1995 - O Milhor dos Trabalhadores do Comércio, compilação, editora Polydor Records
 2007 - Iblussom (2CD), editora Farol/TDB)
 2011 - Das Turmêntas Hà Boua Isperansa (CD+livro), editora TDB

Singles
 1980 - Lima 5 / Que Me Dizes Au Cuncurso, editora Rádio Produções Europa
 1980 - A Cançõm Quiu Abô Minsinoue / A Chabala do Meu Curaçom, editora Gira
 1981 - Chamem a Policia / Sou Um Gajo do Porto, editora Gira
 1981 - Chamem a Policia, editora Polygram
 1981 - Alaibe et Chico´s Bar, EP inédito
 1986 - Os Tigres de Bengala S. F. R./ No Baile de São Bento (da Bitória), editora Transmédia
 1996 - Chamem A Pulissia / Nel Ligeiro, editora Polygram
 1996 - Taquetinho Ou Lebas Nu Fucinhu, editora Polygram
 2006 - Febras de Sábadà Noite / Cordàbida, editora TDB
 2006 - Ardenmus Olhus / De Manhá eu Bou ó Pom, editora Farol
 2007 - Bares Citadinus, editora Farol
 2009 - No colo do Douro / O Voto Ütil, editora TDB
 2010 - Gladiador (CD Extra), editora TDB

Impacto
A canção "Chamem a polícia" foi listada no 38 lugar nas "101 canções que marcaram Portugal"  e no número 10 das "40 anos do boom do rock português, 40 canções que fizeram história" da revista Blitz.

O álbum "Tripas à Moda do Porto" foi considerado o 16.º melhor álbum de sempre da música portuguesa feitos na Invicta.

A música dos Trabalhadores do Comércio serviu também de inspiração para a designer de moda Maria Gambina.

Ligações externas
 Site Oficial: Os Trabalhadores do Comércio
 Anos 80
 Trabalhadores do Comércio - Iblussom (Blog)
Ana Sousa entrevista Sérgio Castro e João de Medicis dos Os Trabalhadores do Comércio no programa Por Outro Lado (Arquivos RTP)
Os Trabalhadores do Comércio no Festival da Canção de 1986 com a música Os Tigres de Bengala
Festival em 5 Minutos - Nuno Galopim conta histórias do Festival da canção: Trabalhadores do Comércio, Tigres de Bengala (1986)

Bandas de Portugal
Bandas formadas em 1980
Década de 1980 em Portugal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Op-Ed—LA Times: Let wild horses do their part to save the West
BY MANDA KALIMIAN
America's wild horses are in crisis. Throughout the West, they are being rounded up and kept by the government in what amount to prisons before being sterilized or auctioned off — some to owners who will treasure them, but others to middlemen who will ship these beautiful animals to the slaughterhouses of Canada and Mexico.
It is a horrific crime against a noble species, and few Americans even know it is happening.
At the same time, we are watching as our world dries out and burns up. Californians know better than anyone the cost we are paying for climate change. Furnace-like temperatures. Deeper floods. Longer droughts. No one can doubt that we are at a moment of profound and scary change.
But what if we could take action on both these challenges at the same time? Because horses can once again come to the rescue of the human race, at least a little bit, and work as our allies in the war against global warming. It sounds crazy, but there's good reason to think that wounds to our fragile ecosystem will heal more quickly if we allow modern wild horses to roam the West as equines once did thousands of years ago, returning to the role of a "keystone" species keeping nature in balance.
First, the facts.
The Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for wild horses on federal lands, has rounded up about 50,000 and is warehousing them in government-funded pastures and other locations at a cost of $120 million so far. More than 79,000 horses and about 15,000 burros still roam freely on federal land in 10 states. The government believes 27,000 is the right number, based on a formula last revised in the 1980s, and so it intends to round up another 50,000 animals over the next 10 years.
The roundups aren't pretty — with horses chased and terrified by helicopters and then corralled — and neither is what happens next, as many are auctioned off to owners who flip them for a quick profit. So why is the government doing this?
Cattle.
The cattle lobby is extraordinarily powerful, and it wants all that federal grassland for grazing. Hundreds of thousands of cattle roll across the landscape in monster herds that overgraze, damaging public land. Think of that the next time you order a porterhouse.
We need to let horses have their land back, or at least let them share it with cattle. These are mega-herbivores — plant eaters that weigh more than 1,000 pounds. North America had plentiful mega-herbivores back in the Pleistocene, including not only Equus species and bison but also mammoths and mastodons. Today, wild horses tend to be the dominant mammal wherever they are and act as sort of ecosystem engineers, creating spaces and opportunities for other species and plants to play their roles in nature.
Unlike cattle, which tear up the roots of grass and clumps of dirt, leaving arid wastelands, horses chomp grass from the top, leaving it to grow back quickly. And they have single-track digestive systems, meaning that grass and other foodstuffs pass quickly through their systems without being as fully digested, as happens in cattle and other ruminants. Horse dung is therefore a key spreader of seeds.
Also unlike cattle, horses eat saplings, preventing trees and forests from taking over our grasslands. Although forests take carbon out of the atmosphere, trees eventually burn and release it back into the air. Grasses lock CO2 in their root systems.
Horses are also "dowsers," who can smell underground water near the surface and dig down to it with their hooves, creating wells at which other, smaller species can drink. Those animals both consume even smaller species and are prey to larger predators.
There's not a hard choice to be made here. The cattle industry has tried to push out horses, but they can occupy the same land as cattle. Horses can scale foothills and rocky outcroppings and easily ford streams. Cattle would struggle to do the same. Given freedom, each species will find its niche.
Preserving grasses that take carbon out of circulation. Keeping vegetation healthy. Digging wells. These are all little ways that horses can help fight climate change. Why not let them?
Ending the roundups would also save taxpayers millions of dollars. Think how that money could be better spent on our environment.
Repopulating the American West with horses is just one aspect of a much larger movement called "rewilding." The basic idea is to set aside large areas and populate them with species that can make a go of it there — with little or no human involvement. This could include not only mega-herbivores but also the big predators that would keep their populations in check.
In Europe, rewilders use abandoned agricultural lands. Humans can no longer make a living there, but the animals can. The results are healthier environments where native and domestic animals, both predators and prey, can thrive.
The U.S. government needs to change the way it is treating horses, a species that has helped humans for millenniums and stands ready to do so again. We just have to let them.
Manda Kalimian is the president and founder of the Cana Foundation, which supports rewilding in the American West. Her book "Born to Rewild" comes out Oct. 1.
View the original Op Ed in LA Times

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Byculla in Mumbai has been fast transforming with several developers taking up its redevelopment. The area is swarming with premium residential projects and is a preferred destination amongst end-users and investors.
The re-gentrification of Byculla is well underway. Coinciding with Mumbai's maturing and stabilizing residential real estate market, the increase in the capacity for residences in the area comes at a time when price hikes have become gradual, year-on-year. We saw this transformation earlier - when areas like Lower Parel and Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) evolved into state-of-the-art commercial hubs. And today, we are witnessing the trend in Byculla, which is poised to become SoBo's (South Bombay) most revered residential hub.
A number of well-established and respected developers have currently taken on Byculla's metamorphosis in the immediate vicinity, piquing investor and end-users' interest, while supporting the growing demand. Over the course of the next decade, these developers will play a pivotal role in driving this re-gentrification process, by presenting end-users and investors with the opportunity to own a luxury residence in the heart of the city.
There are a number of factors that will be integral to this transformation: location and connectivity, legacy and end-users.
Located along the central axis of the city, Byculla provides easy access to the North-South, and East-West sections. Supported by stellar infrastructure that is being further augmented, Byculla's connectivity with key commercial districts such as BKC, Lower Parel, Worli, Nariman Point, and Fort, make it one of the most conveniently located neighbourhoods in Mumbai. With the phased overhaul of the Eastern Freeway, the Mumbai Monorail, Metro rail projects, and inner-city flyovers, the area is likely to see an increased demand for residential developments.
A site of many of the city's firsts, Byculla is steeped in culture and backed by a vibrant history that is on the cusp of rediscovery. Led by the refurbishment of the Bhau Daji Lad Museum, and the proposed revamp of Jijamata Udyan (Byculla Zoo), the area that was the original home to The Great Indian Peninsula Railway, which ran between Thane and Mumbai, and the city's most prestigious club, The Byculla Club, has undoubtedly emerged as the cultural nerve centre of the city. Additionally, Byculla boasts of stunning colonial architecture, several heritage buildings, established schools, hospitals and other amenities.
A prestigious European enclave in the 1800s, Byculla housed the who's who of Bombay; the rich and famous from the days of the 'Raj.' Some of its most prominent residents included renowned philanthropist David Sassoon, whose palatial home 'Byculla Bungalow' was donated to the Parsi Trust. Today, the bungalow is known to us as Masina Hospital. His plot near Rani Baug (Jijamata Udyan) was also donated to the Mumbai Municipal Corporation to develop the Albert Museum, which, at the time, was designed by one of the most prominent architects in the world.
Indian consumers are selective, value-conscious, and conservative in their home purchasing decisions, especially given the current plethora of residential developments on offer in South and South Central Mumbai. Projects by trusted developers are more likely to see greater consumer interest, which can be attributed to locality, lower execution risks, strong financial fundamentals, and high levels of corporate governance pertaining to construction regulations and approvals.
Byculla, based on the aforementioned factors of end-users' preference, and location, legacy, and luxury, is well-positioned to catapult itself onto the list of the most-desirable luxury housing locations in SoBo. The proximity to malls, retail outlets, delectable restaurants and lounges, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities; supported by the heightened connectivity of superior infrastructure, make Byculla an easily accessible neighbourhood where people can grow, work, and celebrate.
The convenient infrastructure coupled with lush nature makes Byculla an unprecedented destination for a luxurious life in South Mumbai. This is reflected in the rising popularity for ultra-luxury projects in the market. The foremost builders have already begun developing Byculla's luxury housing market with several upscale projects underway to redesign the Byculla's skyline, while preserving the natural environment and historical elements of the area. The creation of these modern developments will mark Byculla's cultural re-emergence, and define its journey to become the most-preferred residential location in South Mumbai.


The shooting was the culmination of events that began hours earlier when two women met to fight in the middle of the street at 72nd Street and Indiana Avenue, prosecutors said during closing arguments Monday.
The altercation was recorded on cellphone video.
Chase was at the scene of the fight and was among several others armed with guns. One of the participants in the fight later told police that as she left in a black Mazda, one of the passengers in the car fired a shot in the air.
Later that night, the Mazda was found peppered with bullet holes and abandoned on the side of the road, according to court records. When detectives tracked down the owner, they were told the car had been shot as it pulled into the parking lot of the 7-Eleven where Angel was killed.
Witnesses at the scene of the shooting reported that shots had been fired from a white Pontiac Grand Prix.
Prosecutors told jurors Monday that witnesses were reluctant to come forward because they did not want to be labeled a snitch.
Defense attorney Dan Ross said there was little evidence to support prosecutors' claim that his client participated in the shooting. Ross showed jurors three separate video clips of the fight between the two women. The video showed Chase walking away. It also showed that Chase was not armed.
Angel was a first-grader at Symington Elementary School who "loved to laugh, make good grades and play" with her 1-year-old brother, Michael Hooper, according to relatives.
In February, Leandre Smith was sentenced to 23 years in prison after pleading guilty in Jackson County Circuit Court to second-degree murder, unlawful use of a weapon and two counts of armed criminal action.


While autumn is by far my favourite season, it does have one downfall, the toll it takes on my skin and hair due to the wind, cold and as I'm in Manchester, rain. I always switch up my skincare at this time of the year to thicker, richer and more nourishing products such as oils and cleansing balms so why am I not doing this with my haircare routine?
One product that I tend to use more during the colder months is definitely oils and hair masks. When it comes to hair masks, I never find that using it in the shower really benefits my hair so I always apply it all over my hair and scalp while it's dry then wash it out after an hour or so. I do the same with hair oils and it always leaves my hair incredibly soft, smooth and manageable - especially when my hair was very long and unruly!
During high school I used heat on my hair every single day and I'm throughly surprised that I still have any hair left as heat is one of the most damaging factors you can inflict upon your hair. To minimise the heat I use on my hair I use a heat protector (when I remember...) and I never blow dry my hair as I wash it in the evening so it can dry overnight. While the overnight hair dying method isn't the best for frizz, it does help to reduce damage and the heat used on my hair. To help my hair dry quicker in the evening so it isn't soaking wet overnight, I use the incredible Aquis Hair Towel which I've been using for two years and I LOVE it.
Since I was a teenager, my hair has always fallen out at a fairly alarming rate due to stress but now it's such much better thanks to the Regrowz treatment and I also think it's because of I don't tie my hair up as much. When I need my hair out of my face I typically use a giant clip from Primark. Tying my hair up definitely tends to make my hair fall out a little more and it gives me a headache so leaving it down is the way to go. If you're unsure of what hairstyle to opt for this autumn, check out my Autumn 2018 Hair Trends post.
Going back to the minimal heat point, an idea to get around using too much heat on your hair is to style extensions and minimally style your own hair to blend in. Clip Hair have a wide range of easy to clip in hair extensions to choose from that are composed of 100% human hair so it will style as normal and there are lots of shades so you'll find some to match. Additionally the extensions can add thickness to your hair if it's a little thin as mine was when I'd lost quite a bit. You can also switch up your style with ombre extensions and clip in highlights for the new season! Don't worry about matching your colour as they have a free colour matching service and they offer free delivery.
Do you have any autumnal haircare tips or styling ideas?
Great tips. No heat is a favourite of mine.
Minimal heat has helped my hair so much! It is a bit of a pain in the colder weather though that I can't leave it dry naturally as much.
I don't have any specific hair care routines for any time of year. I don't ever really do anything to my hair anyway.
I always use hair masks, they're so important for the health of your hair!
Going dark was such a good move for me, it is so much nicer this time of year, and I am loving straightening it again now that it is not so hot and sweaty!
I really need to leave my hair down more!
I try really hard to not use any heat on my hair :) great tips!
I barely use heat on my hair these days!


If everything inside of you wants to create an Excel spreadsheet that separates her needs, wants, and splurges – you, my friend, are a left-brained shopper.
Get excited! This personality-type wrote the book on shopping wins. Left-brains don't settle, they find phenomenal deals, and have zero buyer's remorse because they've planned ahead. Whether you're on the hunt for a thoughtful gift or searching for seasonal staples, you'll be wildly successful if you go with your gut.
Here are five strategies for left-brained shoppers – some beginner, some advanced – to help you embrace those impulses (or channel your inner lefty) and take the shopping world by storm.
When you look at your closet from a seasonal standpoint, all kinds of opportunities pop up. Pssst…that swimsuit you'll need this summer might be sixty percent off this winter. From one lefty to another, here's a little system to help you take inventory of what you have.
Create a Sheet in Google Drive. *I use Google Drive, but it can work in just about anything: Excel, Trello, or pen and paper.
Make four tabs (at the bottom).
List each tab as a season.
List your seasonal staples (boots, blazer, shorts) and give each item its own cell.
Note beside it, in a separate cell, whether you have that item or not.
It's that simple. Have a ball color-coding and playing around with fonts and colors. The whole point of this is to always know what you need and what you don't. If a winter staple for your wardrobe is black leather boots and your current ones are falling apart, you'll know to hunt for them all year long.
As left-brained as you may be, we can all fall prey to the endless options, deals, and ads competing for our attention. Then, before we know it, there's an "I need black slacks but this gorgeous clutch is on sale" situation. Not today.
Have a list and check it twice. When you're on a mission to find particular items, stay in the zone by setting a timer. Tell yourself you will focus on finding this one item for the next ten or twenty minutes. The Be Focused App (or any timer on your phone) is free and super helpful in these situations. You'll stay focused and take comfort in knowing that any shiny object calling your name can be explored after the timer goes off (we are human, after all).
Macy's infamous sales pop up year round. Take note of attractive specials and set reminders to alert you the same time next year. A little overboard? Not really. Thirty seconds could find your future self some bargains.
Subscribe to Macy's.com and make sure you're all set up to receive updates on the latest sales. Go to My Account, select Preferences, then Notifications to make your selections. Are you a Google user? You can also set up Google Alerts for specific Macy's products you're hunting for.
I truly believe that a little fairy gets her wings every time we find our boss the perfect Christmas gift in June. The reminders you'll create will let you know what gifts to find in advance – like way in advance. Then, while you're searching for other things… POW! The perfect gift can jump right out at you because your antennas are up. Epic gifts are discovered this way.
Create birthday reminders so you're never scrambling for last minute gifts. Use phone reminders or free services like birthday-reminders.com that go straight to your inbox. Set alerts early, like three-six months early, so the pot can start brewin'.
Every personality type has positive attributes, so why not borrow from the other side of your brain? There's value in stepping into someone else's Nike Air's and you can have a lot of fun doing it.
Because don't we all deserve a little right-brain fun every once in a while?


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Knoppers es un barquillo de cacao relleno con crema de leche de la empresa alemana August Storck KG. Knoppers se comercializa desde 1983 en Alemania y varios países europeos y de América. Un barquillo pesa 25 g y el envoltorio es blanco y azul claro.

Composición

Un Knoppers contiene 5 capas: barquillo, crema de avellanas, barquillo, crema de leche y barquillo recubierto de chocolate.

Los ingredientes son: azúcar, aceite vegetal, harina de trigo 12 %, leche en polvo 11,5 %, avellanas 9 %, harina integral de trigo 6 %, cacao en polvo, mantequilla clarificada 2,6 %, suero de leche en polvo, almidón de trigo, emulsionante: Fosfatidilcolina, polvo de nata 0,3 %, sal, aroma, caramelo, agente de fermentación: carbonato sódico.

En total el porcentaje de leche es de aprox. 10 %. Relleno de los barquillos: relleno de crema de leche 30,4 %, relleno de crema de nougat 29,4 %.

El valor alimenticio de Knoppers por 100 g Knoppers (4 unidades) es: valor energético: 2,204 kJ / 526 kcal; proteínas: 8 g; hidratos de carbono: 52 g; grasa: 32 g.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de Knoppers de Storck

Postres y dulces de Alemania


Before he was famous for playing Tyrion Lannister in Game of Thrones, Peter Dinklage was the lead in The Station Agent. A touching indie film about loneliness, and depression, but more importantly friendship.
Fin (Peter Dinklage) is a loner, a man of very few words, who works at a model train store in Hoboken. We understand that his only friend is the owner of the store. But when the owner passes away, his will states that the train store will be sold. The owner also bequeathed an old train depot out in Newfoundland, New Jersey to Fin. But the lawyer warns him that there's nothing out there in that area, which turns out to be exactly what he wants.
Much of the film is told from Fin's perspective, which allows us to empathize with him. The film deals a little with dwarfism, and how cruel people can be. As such, Fin usually doesn't have good experiences around people. They laugh and make jokes. He goes to the train depot seeking isolation, yet can't seem to be alone there. He seems to inadvertently make friends all over town. He meets Joe (Bobby Cannavale), who runs a nearby food truck. He also has a few comical run-ins with Olivia (Patricia Clarkson), before Joe, in all his eagerness to make friends, keeps creating opportunities for them all to hangout.
At its heart, the film is about these three people dealing with loneliness in their own different ways and how they end up something of a support group for each other. Olivia is a divorced painter, still struggling with the breakup and the loss of her child. Joe is taking care of the food truck while his father is sick in the hospital.
The three of them bond over "walking the right of way," which Fin, in his love of trains, introduces them to. And Joe, the groups cook, makes them a few dinners as well. Joe irritates Fin at first, by continually invading his solitude, but he's so likable, in his friendly exuberance it's hard not to smile when he's on screen. However, by the time Fin starts opening himself up to these people, various circumstances cause them to shut him out. But in the meantime he befriends Emily (Michelle Williams), a young librarian who's recently learned she's pregnant. Her family disapproves, and her boyfriend is becoming more and more of a jerk. She finds Fin's disarming personality soothing. And for once in his life, Fin finds being with people comforting. Despite his search for isolation, it turns out as long as he's in this small town, he'll never be lonely. And he starts to find that it suits him just fine.
At its darkest, it deals with depression and isolation, but these things take a while to show up, and quickly turn to brighter moments of friendship. Granted this film came out way back in 2003, and I'm just getting to it (it's streaming on both Netflix and Amazon Prime), but this is one of the more pleasant indie films I've seen in years. There's a satisfying serenity to the small moments when the three are together on screen, and it's all punctuated by the plucky ever pleasant soundtrack. It's a minimalist film about friendship that doesn't try too hard or do too much. It's a great example of how sometimes less is more.


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Home > Bolton Wanderers News > 2012 > May > Jussi Rejects Bolton's Final Offer
Jussi Rejects Bolton's Final Offer
May 30, 2012 | By Chris Mann
Short URL: http://b-ac.es/33e67
Jussi Jaaskelainen, West Bromwich Albion, West Ham United
Jussi Jaaskelainen looks set to leave Bolton this summer after rejecting the club's final offer of a two-year contract.
Jaaskelainen joined Wanderers from VPS Vaasa in 1997 and has made 527 appearances for the club, putting him fifth in the Trotters' all time list.
Having lost his place to Adam Bogdan, the 37-year-old has not played a game since New Year's Eve and that, along with the club's relegation to the Championship, are likely to be the key reasons as to why he has turned down a new deal at the Reebok Stadium.
Speaking earlier in the week, Bolton boss Owen Coyle confirmed his desire for Jaaskelainen to stay at the club, but admitted the final decision would lie in the hands of the former Finland international.
Speaking to The Bolton News, Coyle said: "I want to make it clear that I want him to stay.
"We know we have Adam (Bogdan), and that would give us two top keepers, but we want that strength in depth.
"I had a very good chat with him last week and he knows my feelings on the matter.
"We know how good a goalkeeper Jussi is, the fantastic service he's put in for Bolton Wanderers over a number of years, and we have put an offer to him that we think is a good one.
"Adam finished last season as one of the top few keepers in the Premier League for me.
"Jussi was disappointed when he lost his spot, and he was unlucky that it happened because of an injury but he knows how far Adam has come along.
"It's up to him now whether he wants to stay and challenge him, or move on."
With Jaaskelainen set to leave the Reebok when his contract expires at the end of June, news of his availability is set to alert West Bromwich Albion and Premier League new boys, West Ham United.


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B. Armstrong, H.B.Sc., M.A. (Toronto), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon), Assistant Professor
R.I. Binnick, B.A. (CUNY), M.A., Ph.D. (Chicago), Professor Emeritus
R. Helms-Park, M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor
D.M. James, B.A. (UBC), M.A.(Cornell), Ph.D. (Michigan), Professor Emeritus
Y. Kang, B.A. (Seoul National), Ph.D. (MIT), Professor
K. McCrindle, M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
S. Moghaddam, M.A. (Tehran), Ph.D. (Toronto), Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream
P. Monahan, B.A., M.A. (Florida), Ph.D. (Maryland), Assistant Professor
J. Ndayiragije, M.A. (Montreal-UQAM), Ph.D. (Montreal-UQAM), Associate Professor
R. Smyth, B.A. (Carleton), M.Sc. (Alberta), Ph.D. (Alberta), Professor Emeritus
H.X. Wu, M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
Interim Director: Professor Sandra Bamford (until June 30, 2019) Email: cfldirector@utsc.utoronto.ca
Associate Director: Juvenal Ndayiragije (until June 30, 2019) Email: juvenal@utsc.utoronto.ca
For curriculum inquiries, contact the CFL Undergraduate Assistant: cfl-ua@utsc.utoronto.ca
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It encompasses theories of linguistic structure in all domains: speech sounds (phonetics and phonology), words (morphology), sentences (syntax), meaning (semantics), and texts or conversations (discourse). Other sub-fields of linguistics include psycholinguistics (language acquisition, language processing, learning how to read, and associated disorders, as well as the neural architecture underlying all of these): sociolinguistics (language variation according to region, gender, class, etc., as well as the social functions of language); historical linguistics (how languages change across time, and why); and applied linguistics (e.g. second language learning, translation, clinical linguistics).
The Major Program in Linguistics is designed to help students prepare for entry into professional programs in areas with a significant language component, such as speech/language pathology, education, and language teaching. Students with a particular interest in psycholinguistics can enrol in the Specialist Program in Psycholinguistics which provides excellent preparation for entry into postgraduate programs in speech/language pathology, psycholinguistics and education. The Specialist Program in Linguistics is designed for students who are interested in a more intensive study of linguistics or entry into a graduate program in linguistics.
Students intending to complete the Specialist Program in Psycholinguistics should include the following in their first-year course selection: LINA01H3, LINA02H3, PSYA01H3, PSYA02H3. Students intending to complete the Specialist or Major Program in Linguistics should include LINA01H3 and LINA02H3 and should consider including a language course. Students intending to complete the Minor Program in Linguistics should include LINA01H3 and LINA02H3.
Students considering graduate studies in Speech Language Pathology should consider taking 1.0 credit in physiology during their undergraduate studies or consult the admissions requirements for any graduate program in Speech Language Pathology they may be interested in to build recommended courses into their undergraduate studies. Students should also be aware that completing these requirements will require undertaking all necessary pre-requisites.
Linguistics Programs
SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS (ARTS)
Students must complete 12.0 credits, including 4.0 credits at the C- and D-level of which 1.0 credit must be at the D-level as follows:
1. All of the following:
LINA01H3 Introduction to Linguistics
LINA02H3 Applications of Linguistics
LINB04H3 Phonology I
LINB06H3 Syntax I
LINB09H3 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds
LINB10H3 Morphology
LINC02H3 Phonology II
LINC11H3 Syntax II
LINC12H3 Semantics: The Study of Meaning
2. 4.5 credits from the following, including at least 1.5 credits from Group A and at least 1.5 credits from Group B:
LINB18H3 English Grammar
LINB20H3 Sociolinguistics
LINB60H3 Comparative Study of English and Chinese
LINB62H3 Structure of American Sign Language
LINC13H3 Language Diversity and Universals
LINC28H3 Language and Gender
LINC47H3 Pidgin and Creole Languages
LINC61H3 Structure of a Language
LIND09H3 Phonetic Analysis
LIND29H3 Linguistic Research Methodologies
LINB19H3 Computers in Linguistics
LINB29H3 Quantitative Methods in Linguistics
PLIC24H3 First Language Acquisition
PLIC25H3 Second Language Acquisition
PLIC55H3 Psycholinguistics
PLIC75H3 Language and the Brain
PLID34H3 The Psycholinguistics of Reading
PLID44H3 Acquisition of the Mental Lexicon
PLID50H3 Speech Perception
PLID74H3 Language and Aging
3. 1.0 credit of language study in one or more languages, which may include LINB60H3 or LINB62H3 or LINC61H3; ECT, FRE or LGG courses or language courses at another campus.
4. A further 2.0 credits in any LIN, PLI, JAL or JLP courses.
SPECIALIST (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS (ARTS)
Co-op Contact: askcoop@utsc.utoronto.ca
The Specialist (Co-op) Program in Linguistics is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Linguistics upon graduation.
In addition to their academic course requirements, students must successfully complete the additive Arts & Science Co-op Work Term Preparation courses and a minimum of two Co-op work terms.
The minimum qualifications for entry are 4.0 credits, including LINA01H3 and LINA02H3, plus a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.
Current Co-op Students:
Students admitted to a Co-op Degree POSt in their first year of study must request a Co-op Subject POSt on ACORN upon completion of 4.0 credits and must meet the minimum qualifications for entry as noted above.
Prospective Co-op Students:
In addition to requesting the program on ACORN, prospective Co-op students (i.e., those not yet admitted to a Co-op Degree POSt) must also submit a Co-op Supplementary Application Form, which is available from the Arts & Science Co-op Office website. Submission deadlines follow the Limited Enrolment Program Application Deadlines set by the Office of the Registrar each year. Failure to submit both the Supplementary Application Form and the program request on ACORN will result in that student's application not being considered.
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Specialist Program in Linguistics.
Co-op Work Term Requirements
Students must satisfactorily complete two Co-op work terms, each of four-months duration. To be eligible for their first work term, students must be enrolled in the Specialist (Co-op) Program in Linguistics and have completed at least 9.0 credits, including LINB06H3 and LINB09H3.
In addition to their academic program requirements, Co-op students complete up to four Co-op specific courses. These courses are designed to prepare students for their job search and work term experience, and to maximize the benefits of their Co-op work terms. They cover a variety of topics intended to assist students in developing the skills and tools required to secure work terms that are appropriate to their program of study, and to perform professionally in the workplace. These courses must be completed in sequence, and are taken in addition to a full course load. They are recorded on transcripts as credit/no credit (CR/NCR) and are considered to be additive credit to the 20.0 required degree credits. No additional course fee is assessed as registration is included in the Co-op Program fee.
Co-op Preparation Course Requirements:
1. COPB50H3/( COPD01H3) – Foundations for Success in Arts & Science Co-op
- Students entering Co-op from outside of UTSC (high school or other postsecondary) will complete this course in Fall or Winter of their first year at UTSC. Enrolment in each section is based on admission category: Typically, students in Computer Science, Mathematics and Statistics enroll in the Fall semester while all other Arts & Science Co-op admission categories enroll in the Winter semester however this may vary year to year.
- Current UTSC students entering Co-op in April/May will complete this course in the Summer semester.
- Current UTSC students entering Co-op in July/August will complete this course in the Fall semester.
2. COPB51H3/( COPD03H3) – Preparing to Compete for your Co-op Work Term
- This course will be completed eight months in advance of the first scheduled work term.
3. COPB52H3/( COPD11H3) – Managing your Work Term Search & Transition to Work
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the first work scheduled work term.
4. COPC98H3/( COPD12H3) – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part I
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the second scheduled work term.
5. COPC99H3/( COPD13H3) – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part II
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the third scheduled work term (for programs that require the completion of 3 work terms and/or four months in advance of any additional work terms that have been approved by the Arts and Science Co-op Office.
Students must be available for work terms in each of the Fall, Winter and Summer semesters and must complete at least one of their required work terms in either a Fall or Winter semester. This, in turn, requires that students take courses during at least one Summer semester.
For information on fees, status in Co-op programs, and certification of completion of Co-op programs, see Section 6B.5 or the Arts and Science Co-op section in the UTSC Calendar.
SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN PSYCHOLINGUISTICS (ARTS)
Students must complete 12.5 credits, including 4.0 credits at the C- and D-levels of which 1.0 credit must be at the D-level as follows:
PSYA01H3 Introduction to Biological and Cognitive Psychology
PSYA02H3 Introduction to Clinical, Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology
2. 1.5 credits from the following:
PLID34H3 Psycholinguistics of Reading
BIOA11H3 Introduction to the Biology of Humans
BIOB35H3 Essentials of Human Physiology
PLIC54H3 Speech Physiology and Speech Disorders in Children and Adults
PLID56H3 Special Topics in Language Disorders in Children
PSYB20H3 Introduction to Developmental Psychology
[ PSYB51H3 Introduction to Perception or PSYB57H3 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology]
( PSYB65H3) Human Brain and Behaviour
PSYC21H3 Adulthood and Aging
5. 2.0 further credits in LIN and/or PLI
Note: students interested in pursuing Speech Language Pathology as an option for graduate studies should complete BIOA11H3 and BIOB35H3 (of component 4 of the program requirements) in order to satisfy a portion of the physiology requirement necessary for admissions.
SPECIALIST (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN PSYCHOLINGUISTICS (ARTS)
The Specialist (Co-op) Program in Psycholinguistics is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Psycholinguistics upon graduation.
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Specialist Program in Psycholinguistics.
Students must satisfactorily complete two Co-op work terms, each of four-months duration. To be eligible for their first work term, students must be enrolled in the Specialist (Co-op) Program in Psycholinguistics and have completed at least 7.0 credits, including LINB06H3 and LINB09H3.
MAJOR PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS (ARTS)
Students must complete 8.0 credits, as follows:
3. 4.0 further credits in LIN and/or PLI, of which at least 2.0 credits must be at the C- or D-level.
4. 1.0 credit of language study in one or more languages, which may include ECT, FRE, or LGG courses; language courses at another campus; LINB60H3 or LINB62H3 or LINC61H3.
MAJOR (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS (ARTS)
The Major (Co-op) Program in Psycholinguistics is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Psycholinguistics upon graduation.
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Major Program in Linguistics.
Students must satisfactorily complete two Co-op work terms, each of four-months duration. To be eligible for their first work term, students must be enrolled in the Major (Co-op) Program in Linguistics and have completed at least 9.0 credits, including LINB06H3 and LINB09H3.
MINOR PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS (ARTS)
Students must complete 4.0 credits.
3. 2.0 further credits in LIN and/or PLI of which at least 1.0 credit must be at the C- or D-level.
Linguistics Courses
LINA01H3 - Introduction to Linguistics
An introduction to the various methods and theories of analyzing speech sounds, words, sentences and meanings, both in particular languages and language in general.
Exclusion: (LIN100Y), LIN101H, LIN102H
LINA02H3 - Applications of Linguistics
Application of the concepts and methods acquired in LINA01H3 to the study of, and research into, language history and language change; the acquisition of languages; language disorders; the psychology of language; language and in the brain; and the sociology of language.
Prerequisite: LINA01H3
LINB04H3 - Phonology I
Practice in analysis of sound patterns in a broad variety of languages.
Prerequisite: LINB09H3
Exclusion: LIN229H
LINB06H3 - Syntax I
Practice in analysis of sentence structure in a broad variety of languages.
LINB09H3 - Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds
An examination of physiological and acoustic bases of speech.
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
LINB10H3 - Morphology
Core issues in morphological theory, including properties of the lexicon and combinatorial principles, governing word formation as they apply to French and English words.
Corequisite: LINB04H3 and LINB06H3
Exclusion: LIN231H, LIN333H, ( LINB05H3), ( LINC05H3) FRE387H, ( FREC45H3)
LINB18H3 - English Grammar
Description and analysis of the structure of English, including the sentence and word structure systems, with emphasis on those distinctive and characteristic features most of interest to teachers and students of the language.
LINB19H3 - Computers in Linguistics
The course will provide an introduction to the use of computer theory and methods to advance the understanding of computational aspects of linguistics. It will provide basic training in computer programming techniques employed in linguistics such as corpus mining, modifying speech stimuli, experimental testing, and data analysis.
Exclusion: Any computer science course except [ CSCA20H3, PSYC03H3]
Priority will be given to students in Specialist/Specialist Co-op programs in Linguistics or Psycholinguistics, or Major/Major Co-op programs in Linguistics. Students in the Minor program in Linguistics, followed by students in other programs, will be admitted as space permits.
LINB20H3 - Sociolinguistics
The study of the relationship between language and society. Topics include: how language reflects and constructs aspects of social identity such as age, gender, socioeconomic class and ethnicity; ways in which social context affects speakers' use of language; and social factors which cause the spread or death of languages.
Exclusion: ( LINB21H3), ( LINB22H3), LIN251H, LIN256H, FREC48H3
LINB29H3 - Quantitative Methods in Linguistics
An introduction to experimental design and statistical analysis for linguists. Topics include both univariate and multivariate approaches to data analysis for acoustic phonetics, speech perception, psycholinguistics, language acquisition, language disorders, and sociolinguistics.
Exclusion: LIN305H, ( PLIC65H3), PSYB07H3, STAB23H3
Recommended Preparation: LINB19H3
LINB60H3 - Comparative Study of English and Chinese
This course is an investigation into the lexicon, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse and writing styles in Chinese and English. Students will use the tools of linguistic analysis to examine the structural and related key properties of the two languages. Emphasis is on the comparison of English and Chinese sentences encountered during translation practice.
Exclusion: ( LINC60H3)
Students are expected to be proficient in Chinese and English.
LINB62H3 - Structure of American Sign Language
An introduction to the structure of American Sign Language (ASL): Comparison to spoken languages and other signed languages, together with practice in using ASL for basic communication.
Prerequisite: LINA01H3 and LINA02H3
Exclusion: ( LINA10H3)
LINB98H3 - Supervised Introductory Research in Linguistics
This course provides an introduction to, and experience in, ongoing theoretical and empirical research in any field of linguistics. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor.
Prerequisite: 4.0 credits including [ LINA01H3 or LINA02H3], and a CGPA of 3.3
Exclusion: ROP299Y
Recommended Preparation: 0.5 credit at the B-level in LIN or PLI courses
Enrolment Limits: Enrolment is limited based on the research opportunities available with each faculty member and the interests of the students.
Students must complete and submit a permission form available from the Registrar's Office, along with an outline of work to be performed, signed by the intended supervisor.
Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist/Specialist Co-op programs in Linguistics or Psycholinguistics, and the Major/Major Co-op programs in Linguistics.
LINC02H3 - Phonology II
Basic issues in phonological theory. This course assumes familiarity with phonetic principles, as discussed in LINB09H3, and with phonological problem-solving methods, as discussed in LINB04H3.
Prerequisite: LINB04H3 and LINB09H3
LINC11H3 - Syntax II
Core issues in syntactic theory, with emphasis on universal principles and syntactic variation between French and English.
Same as FREC46H3
Prerequisite: LINB06H3 or FREB45H3
Exclusion: LIN232H, LIN331H, FRE378H, FREC46H3
LINC12H3 - Semantics: The Study of Meaning
An introduction to the role of meaning in the structure, function, and use of language. Approaches to the notion of meaning as applied to English and French data will be examined.
Same as FREC12H3.
Prerequisite: LINA01H3 or [ FREB44H3 and FREB45H3]
Exclusion: FREC12H3, FRE386H, LIN241H, LIN247H, LIN341H, ( FREC49H3), ( FRED49H3)
LINC13H3 - Language Diversity and Universals
An introduction to linguistic typology with special emphasis on cross-linguistic variation and uniformity in phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Prerequisite: LINB04H3 and LINB06H3 and LINB10H3
Exclusion: LIN306H, ( LINB13H3)
LINC28H3 - Language and Gender
An introduction to the research on differences between women and men in how they use language and how they behave in conversational interaction, together with an examination of the role of language in reflecting and perpetuating cultural attitudes towards gender.
Same as WSTC28H3
Prerequisite: LINA01H3 and one full credit at the B-level in ANT, LIN, SOC or WST
Exclusion: JAL355H, WSTC28H3
LINC47H3 - Pidgin and Creole Languages
A study of pidgin and Creole languages worldwide. The course will introduce students to the often complex grammars of these languages and examine French, English, Spanish, and Dutch-based Creoles, as well as regional varieties. It will include some socio-historical discussion.
Prerequisite: [ LINA01H3 and LINA02H3] or [ FREB44H3 and FREB45H3]
Exclusion: FREC47H3, LIN366H
LINC61H3 - Structure of a Language
An introduction to the phonetics, phonology, word-formation rules, syntax, and script of a featured language other than English or French. Students will use the tools of linguistic analysis learned in prior courses to examine the structural properties of this language. No prior knowledge of the language is necessary.
LIND01H3 - Independent Study in Linguistics
Independent study and research in an area of interest to the student. Students must obtain consent from a supervising instructor before registering. Interested students should contact the Undergraduate Assistant for Linguistics for further information.
Prerequisite: At least 1.0 credit at the C-level in LIN courses; and a CGPA of 3.3; and permission of the supervising instructor.
Students must complete and submit a Supervised Study Form available at the Office of the Registrar.
Independent study and research in an area of interest to the student. Students must obtain consent from a supervising instructor before registering. Interested students should contact the Program Supervisor for Linguistics.
LIND07Y3 - Independent Study in Linguistics
A reading and research independent study course on a topic of interest to the student. Students must obtain consent from a supervising instructor before registering. Interested students should contact the Undergraduate Assistant for Linguistics for further information.
Exclusion: LIN495Y
LIND09H3 - Phonetic Analysis
Practical application of phonetic theory with special emphasis on instrumental and experimental techniques.
Exclusion: LIN423H, ( LINC09H3)
LIND29H3 - Linguistic Research Methodologies
This course focuses on research methodologies (interviews, corpus collection, surveys, ethnography, etc.). Students conduct individual research studies in real-life contexts.
Topics will vary each time the course is offered. Please check with the CFL Undergraduate Assistant or on the Web Timetable on the Office of the Registrar for details regarding proposed subject matter.
LIND46H3 - Field Methods in Linguistics
Practice in language analysis based on elicited data from second language learners and foreign speakers. Emphasis is put on procedures and techniques of data collection, as well as theoretical implications arising from data analysis.
Prerequisite: [ FREB44H3 and FREC46H3] or LINB10H3
Exclusion: ( FRED46H3), JAL401H
Recommended Preparation: LINC02H3 and LINC11H3
PLIC24H3 - First Language Acquisition
Descriptions of children's pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar at various stages of learning their first language. Theories of the linguistic knowledge and cognitive processes that underlie and develop along with language learning.
Prerequisite: LINB04H3 or LINB06H3 or LINB09H3
Exclusion: JLP315H
PLIC25H3 - Second Language Acquisition
The stages adults and children go through when learning a second language. The course examines linguistic, cognitive, neurological, social, and personality variables that influence second language acquisition.
Prerequisite: LINA01H3 and [[ LINB06H3 or LINB09H3] or [ FREB44H3 and FREB45H3]]
Exclusion: ( LINB25H3), ( PLIB25H3)
PLIC54H3 - Speech Physiology and Speech Disorders in Children and Adults
An introduction to the physics of sound and the physiology of speech perception and production for the purpose of assessing and treating speech disorders in children and adults. Topics will include acoustic, perceptual, kinematic, and aerodynamic methods of assessing speech disorders as well as current computer applications that facilitate assessment.
PLIC55H3 - Psycholinguistics
Experimental evidence for theories of how humans produce and understand language, and of how language is represented in the mind. Topics include speech perception, word retrieval, use of grammar in comprehension and production, discourse comprehension, and the role of memory systems in language processing.
Prerequisite: LINB06H3 or LINB09H3
Corequisite: LINB29H3
PLIC75H3 - Language and the Brain
An introduction to neurolinguistics, emphasizing aphasias and healthy individuals. We will introduce recent results understanding how the brain supports language comprehension and production. Students will be equipped with necessary tools to critically evaluate the primary literature. No prior knowledge of brain imaging is necessary.
Prerequisite: PLIC55H3
PLID01H3 - Independent Study in Psycholinguistics
Independent study and research in an area of interest to the student. Students must obtain consent from a supervising instructor before registering. Interested students should contact the Undergraduate Assistant for Psycholinguistics for further information.
Prerequisite: At least 1.0 credit at the C-level in PLI courses; and a CGPA of 3.3; and permission of the supervising instructor.
PLID07Y3 - Independent Study in Psycholinguistics
A reading and research independent study course on a topic of interest to the student. Students must obtain consent from a supervising instructor before registering. Interested students should contact the Undergraduate Assistant for Psycholinguistics for further information.
PLID34H3 - The Psycholinguistics of Reading
An examination of linguistic and psycholinguistic issues pertinent to reading, as well as the role of a language's writing system and orthography in the learning process.
Prerequisite: [ LINA01H3 or [ FREB44H3 and FREB45H3]] and [ PLIC24H3 or ( PLIB25H3)]
Exclusion: ( LINC34H3), ( PLIC34H3)
PLID44H3 - Acquisition of the Mental Lexicon
An examination of L1 (first language) and L2 (second language) lexical (vocabulary) acquisition. Topics include: the interaction between linguistic and cognitive development; the role of linguistic/non-linguistic input; the developing L2 lexicon and its links with the L1 lexicon; the interface between lexical and syntactic acquisition within psycholinguistic and linguistic frameworks.
PLID50H3 - Speech Perception
An examination of the acoustics and perception of human speech. We will explore how humans cope with the variation found in the auditory signal, how infants acquire their native language sound categories, the mechanisms underlying speech perception and how the brain encodes and represents speech sounds. An emphasis will be placed on hands-on experience with experimental data analysis.
Prerequisite: LINB29H3 and PLIC55H3
Exclusion: ( PLIC15H3)
PLID56H3 - Special Topics in Language Disorders in Children
An in-depth investigation of a particular type of language or communication disorder, for example, impairment due to hearing loss, Down syndrome, or autism. Topics will include: linguistic and non-linguistic differences between children with the disorder and typically-developing children; diagnostic tools and treatments for the disorder; and its genetics and neurobiology.
Prerequisite: PLIC24H3 or ( PLID55H3)
PLID74H3 - Language and Aging
A seminar-style course on language and communication in healthy and language-impaired older adults. The course covers normal age-related neurological, cognitive, and perceptual changes impacting language, as well as language impairments resulting from dementia, strokes, etc. Also discussed are the positive aspects of aging, bilingualism, ecologically valid experimentation, and clinical interventions.
Prerequisite: PLIC24H3 and PLIC55H3


Indiana University Kokomo librarians work with classes and groups to deliver instruction on library resources and tools.
Provide instruction in the use of particular resources in a workshop setting.
When scheduling an instruction session, it is most helpful to have an assignment or specific coursework in mind that will make use of library resources.
We can also meet with groups of students, faculty, or staff to introduce the library's services, give tours, discuss a research topic and research strategies, or provide instruction on specific resources. We welcome library use by outside school groups. See Visiting School Groups to schedule a visit.
Faculty can schedule a class instruction session by completing an online request form. Groups can schedule a tour or session by contacting Yan He, Information Literacy Librarian.


Which bags will be banned?
The ban will prohibit retailers from selling or giving away plastic bags with handles made of polyethylene polymer less than 35 microns thick. Retailers should check with their supplier if they are unsure about the composition or thickness of the bags they are supplying.
What about bags with '100% degradable' printed on them?
Lightweight plastic bags which are marked 'degradable' will be banned because degradable plastics merely break down into smaller and smaller flakes which remain as damaging waste for many years. Retailers should check with their supplier if they are unsure about the type of bag being ordered.
Only compostable bags that comply with Australian Standard AS4736-2006 will be permitted.
What if a supplier misrepresents the bags they sell?
Retailers are protected from unknowingly buying banned bags and supplying them to their customers. If a supplier provides a retailer with bags they know are banned, they will be guilty of an offence from 4 May 2009.
Retailers should ensure that the environmental benefits claimed by businesses supplying compostable bags are substantiated and do not contravene principles outlined in the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission's publication Green marketing and the Trade Practices Act.
Will the ban apply to all retailers?
Yes. Every retailer in South Australia must comply with the transition and ban dates. Large and small retailers, supermarket and non-supermarket retailers, markets, take-away food and specialty shops must all comply with the ban.
What can we do with any banned plastic bags we have left in stock?


I know you've heard it said a thousand times, but losing weight is more about your attitude than the physical process. If you reduce your calories you will lose weight. It's physically impossible not to. But you do need to get your head in the right space to be able to cope with fewer calories. You need to persuade yourself that the end result is worth the effort. Be honest with yourself about why you want to lose weight; for your health, to be more attractive, to get more energy, to wear amazing clothes. You don't have to tell others, but be honest with yourself. I have been in the weight loss industry for many years now and I have never heard one person who has reached their healthy body weight say that the end result wasn't worth the effort. Not one. Everybody who reaches his or her healthy weight thinks it was worth the effort, and I doubt that you're going to be the first exception. It's always worth it.
Be very clear, hunger is the enemy of weight loss. Be it physical, psychological, who cares. It's the short-term burning desire to eat that overrides the longer-term desire to lose weight. But remember hunger comes and goes and hunger subsides within a few days. Within any day the fact that you are hungry now doesn't mean you will be in an hour's time. But more importantly, although the first few days or even the first week can be tough, it gets much easier. So many people give up on weight loss when all they really need to do is hang tight for a couple more days and it all gets much easier. Learn to push out confronting hunger and you'll find that the problem of being hungry resolves itself.
Salt, sugar and fat aren't just bad for us. They are also the components of food that cause hunger. Get them out of your life. In the short term food without them tastes a bit bland, but that is short-lived. Your taste adjusts very quickly to enjoy food that you would previously have called "bland". But the most important reason to get rid of them is because they make you hungry, and hunger is the enemy of weight loss.
Weight loss is a personal issue. These days we are so into "team" and "group" and "collaboration" that we sort of feel that others should help us with this mission too. I'm sorry, they can't. It's up to you. Dig deep. Having a supportive friend or partner is nice, but you can't let it matter, and having people who don't support your efforts likewise doesn't matter. It's not about them. It's all about you. Do it yourself.
Yes, I know you've been told this before too, but it's true. Get rid of temptation. No biscuits, no jam. If you can't get over the waste of throwing it in the bin, then give it to somebody else. No snack foods. No chips. When the fridge looks mainly green and fresh you're looking good. And let's be honest, the pantry will be mainly empty. And don't get too concerned about the family. It won't do them any harm either. If they need carbs, then brown seedy bread and oats can help. Get rid of the sugary cereals too. And you will need to learn how to cook again. There are literally millions of tasty, healthy meals online these days. No excuses. And remember, herbs are your friends.
Stir-fry some vegetables, (no oil), add herbs and to taste and put them in a plastic container in the fridge. When you get hungry, that's your snack. As much as you like. Healthy, nutritious, tasty, filling, low calories. Perfect.
Check out the number of calories in you favourite salad dressing or your cooking oil. Most are terrible. Learn to evaluate "satisfaction per calorie". Cooking oil is the worst. Lots of calories and almost no satisfaction, what a waste. Most salad dressings are not much better. But there are plenty of zero calorie dressings on the supermarket shelves. Only have those ones.
This is a bit of a repeat, but people who successfully lose weight are no different from you. Yes, it's hard for the first few days, or even longer, but the worse case scenario is that it will be hard for a week. After a week hunger has largely gone and it takes very little will-power to stick to your eating plan. So when you are despairing at day 3, and deciding that it's really not worth it, and you're just doomed to be overweight forever, remind yourself that's not true. You just need to stay focused and in a couple of days it will come right by itself. Hunger will disappear.
I hear from a lot of people who weigh around 120kg and think they can't get back to their healthy weight. Up until then it feels possible but there is something magical about 120kg that makes people lose hope. Well. That's just not true. We can all get back from any weight and even if you're 150kg, it's just the first few days that are hard. Hunger subsides. It might take longer to get back from 150kg, but it's no harder.
Over the last 20 years food consumption has gone from being a means of keeping the body going to becoming a social event. Every event with friends and family has become a time to consume food and alcohol. In fact many families have lost the ability to get together and enjoy each other's company without food and alcohol. Give it a try. Have an occasion with friends or the family, but instead of having food play some games, do some exercise, go to the beach. Enjoy something together that doesn't involve food and alcohol.
The average dinner plate has grown in size enormously over the last 20 years. A great way to reduce portion sizes is just to buy smaller plates. We tend to fill a plate up, no matter how big it is. So just buy smaller plates.
Alcohol plays a much bigger part in today's society than it used to. For many it has gone from being a special treat to a regular "food group". Get rid of alcohol. It does you no good from a weight perspective, or any other perspective. And contrary to rumours, it's not just the mixers that are bad; it's the alcohol itself that carries most of the calories.
Shakes seem to come and go in popularity as a means of losing weight. But there are plenty of studies that show that shakes are the most effect means of losing weight for most people. Shakes are specifically designed to make you feel as full as possible for the number of calories they contain and they carry the micronutrients that are required when you drop your calorie intake. Dropping the calories without the supplements contained in the shakes could leave your health exposed. So forget whether shakes are "hot or not" at the moment; they're a very effective way to lose weight. If you'd like to learn more about the Kate Morgan programs and eating plans just follow THIS LINK. The standard plan is the best plan for most people.
If you are currently doing no exercise, then you need to start moving. If you are a "non-exerciser", like most of us, then exercise is just no fun at all. It is unsatisfying and awful, and afterwards you just feel nothing, except perhaps some sore bits. Have you noticed however that people who do regular exercise love every minute and afterwards they feel energised and on top of the world. The difference is endorphins; little things that are created by doing exercise, that are floating around in their blood system given them a "high". The bad news is that you probably won't get any for the first 6 weeks that you exercise. So, be patient, don't push yourself. Don't go too hard and just lower your expectations. You will end up feeling good from exercise, but certainly not straight away. The key to exercise is to start slowly, 20 minutes of light to moderate effort to start with. Don't go so hard that you lose interest. If you can get to a level where you 'Puff and Sweat', however, that would be great.
To go back to point number one. I have never met one person who has reached they healthy body weight goal who has said it was not worth it. It just is!


text:
Regiment/Catrawd: 1st Bn Royal Welsh Fusiliers
Service Rank and Number / Rheng gwasanaeth a rhif: Sergeant 5845
Military Cemetery/Memorial / Fynwent milwrol: Caterpillar Valley Cemetery, Longueval
Ref No Grave or Memorial / Rhif cyfeirnod bedd: X1.C.24
Medals Awarded / Medalau a ddyfarnwyd: Victory, British War medals and 1915 Star
Date of Death / Dyddiad Marwolaeth: 14 July 1916
14th July 1916 Killed in Action aged 43, whose Death presumed on or since 14 Jul 1916. (see his Army Registers of Soldier's Effects below)
To tell Samuel's story, we need to go back a little way to explain that his wife, Catherine Bennett, had previously married Edward Parry in a Civil Ceremony in Chester in 1890 (Cheshire West – ROC/26/136). The 1891 census records them living in Union Street, Connah's Quay. Edward Parry, 34 was a Carrier. His wife, Catherine was 22, and their two children were Arthur B. Parry, 1 and Ann Parry 3 months. They had all been born in Connah's Quay. They were to go on to have a further two children, (Elizabeth and Rebecca Parry), before Edward died in about 1894.
Catherine Parry, formerly Bennett, the widow remarried. She married Samuel Bennett (Snr) at Ss Eurgain and Peter's Church in Northop on 22nd June 1897. Her father was also Samuel Bennett, a Fisherman!
The family was recorded in the 1901 census, still living in Union Street Connah's Quay. Samuel Bennett Senior was not present on census night so was not listed. The household consisted of Catherine 30 and her first four children all named Parry (Arthur P., 11, Annie 10, Elizabeth 8 and Rebecca 7). The two youngest children were named Bennett and they were Samuel J., 3 (Samuel junior) and Frederick 1.
The 1911 census recorded the family living at Holly Bank Villas, Queensferry. Head of the household was Samuel Bennett, 39 a Heater Of Steel Ingots In Bar Mill. Catherine, his wife of 14 years, was 42. Six children had been born to them and they had all survived. These were the Bennett children, (she didn't count the Parry children in her calculations as she had given birth to 11 children that I know about.). Those listed were Bertram Parry, 22 an Opener Of Sheets In Shed Rolling Mills. Rebecca Parry 17, Samuel John Bennett 13, ( known as John) was a scholar. Fred Bennett was 11, Thomas Bennett 8, Margaret Bennett 6, Elizabeth Bennett 5 and daughter Mary Bennett 3. All except Bertram had been born in Connah's Quay.
Samuel's service Records have survived and are accessible on www.ancestry.co.uk. The following papers are included and are described here in the order in which they appear in the records – not chronological.
His Attestation Papers tell us that he enlisted on the 2nd September 1914, in Wrexham, shortly after war was declared and he said that he was in the National Reserve and had previously been in the 5th Northern? Fusiliers. The papers state he had been born in Northop. (Connah's Quay was part of Northop Parish)
A letter dated 20th October 1917 to Catherine, gave her address as Heswell House, Glyne Street, Queensferry, Chester. This was regarding Samuel's personal Possessions and medals from the War Office to Infantry Records in Shrewsbury.
There is a letter from the War Office, London, to same Records Office in Shewsbury, dated 24th April 1917 stating that Mrs. Catherine Bennett had been awarded 32/6d a week for herself and 4 children with effect from 30th April 1917. There is a signed receipt from Catherine regarding Samuel's Medals dated 24th June 1922.
There is a faded letter to the army from Catherine.
Sir, – In reference to your application for birth cert for children having mislaid two of them. I am sending the other two, which I have. I could get them by applying to James JONES Registrar of births at Flint but I have to pay sixpence each for them the oldest Thomas born 23rd December 1902 second Margaret ?? August 1904 —- next paper badly ripped, but continuation of above….too ….. him.. went away and ..nt know where he put them if you want them you can get them from Flint but it will cost sixpence each. Yours truly, C. Bennett
There is a description of Samuel Bennett on Enlistment
Height – 5 feet ? inches
Weight – 148lbs
Chest measurement – 39, range of expansion 3 inches
Eyes – Grey
Hair – Brown (I think)
Religion – C of E.
Distinctive marks etc. – Scar right of buttock.
This form signed at Wrexham 2nd September 1914
Samuel was to be declared assumed dead on the 17th birthday of his son Frederick* on the 14th July
1916. Catherine was once again a widow.
*Frederick was my best friend, Maureen Bennett's father, and Maureen and her husband Brian Jenkins have been very helpful with both Samuel's story and another side of Maureen's family, her mother's 2 brothers, Alfred and Robert Hughes, who both were killed along with their stepfather Harry Pearson in the war. Their stories can be seen by clicking the link. Maureen has also told me her Grandfather Samuel, who was a Sgt had taken young men from Wrexham to fight the war and was older than most of the men he took. Just to add, Maureen is going to see her Grandson Kris, Samuel's Great Grandson, receive his Doctorate at Aberystwyth on the very date her Grandfather Samuel Died 100 years ago. I am sure that Samuel would have been very proud.
Samuel Bennett in the British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards, 1914-1920 tells us that his first Theatre of War was France and he entered it on the 23rd June 1915
Samuel Bennett in the UK, Soldiers Died in the Great War, 1914-1919 tells us that he was born in Northop Flintshire, and enlisted in Wrexham.
Samuel Bennett in the UK, Army Registers of Soldiers' Effects, 1901-1929 whose Death presumed on or since 14 Jul 1916, gives the sole Legatee was his widow Catherine Bennett who was paid £13. 14s 6d on the 20th October 1917 for herself and children and Samuel's War Gratuity of £11. 10s 0d.
There is a card for Samuel in the Flintshire Roll of Honour kept at the county Archive Office at Hawarden. It says Samuel Bennett 47 Glynne Street Queensferry and gives regimental details as above. He served 2 years and was killed July 1916. It was signed by S J Bennett.
Samuel was mentioned in the book " Soldiers Died in the Great War 1914 – 1918 Royal Welsh Fusiliers Volume 28″.
Oddfellows Memorial Tablet – Wepre Lodge. – In the Mold, Deeside & Buckley Leader dated 3rd October 1924, a list of the members were honoured:- Connah's Quay Memorial Tablet. To Wepre Lodge Fallen Oddfellows. – The Saturday preceding 3rd October 1924, the Tablet was unveiled by the Vicar of Shotton, J.J.J. Robinson. – S. Bennett's name was among those honoured.
Samuel is, I believe, also remembered on the Memorial Screen in St. Ethelwold's Church, Shotton and Hawarden War Memorial.
Samuel Bennett's grave among his comrades at Caterpillar Valley Cemetery, Longueval
Closeup of Samuel's Gravestone at Caterpillar Cemetery, photographs taken on the 9th April, 2017 by Mavis Williams.
Excerpts from the newspaper cutting above, with the names of the Fallen Soldiers.
In Affectionate Remembrance of
Samuel Moore of Wepre who died Feb 25th 1885 aged 39 years.
In Loving Memory of Elizabeth the beloved wife of John Bennett who died March 3rd 1893 aged 57 years.
At rest also the above John Bennett who died July 27th 1913 aged 84 years. His end was peace.
In Loving memory of Sgt Samuel Bennett our dear brother and son of the above who was Killed in Action 16th July 1916 aged 43 years
He died nobly for his country.
Connahs Quay Cemetery


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text:
Q: #parent>*/asterisk vs. #parent>div Using the child selector to match any child, which happens to always be a div, would it be faster to use the */asterisk selector or simply div? Because it is both always a div and a child, neither selector is more suitable other than performance-wise.
HTML (obviously more than two)

...

...

CSS
#parent>* {
    padding: 2px 1em;
    }

#parent>div {
    padding: 2px 1em;
    }

Forgive me if it's been asked and answered, it's hard to search for a wildcard character.

A: CSS selectors are evaluated right-to-left.
So with #parent > * the browser would have to check whether the rest of the selector matches for every element on the page, no matter where in the DOM tree it is located;
whereas with #parent > div the browser can stop this process as soon as he determines that the element for which it is currently trying to determine whether or not the selector applies is not a div element.
So yes, #parent > div is totally preferable performance-wise in this situation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange