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Sutherland reburial
Encoding the values of transformation
04 November 2019 | Story Nadia Krige. Photo Brenton Geach. Read time 6 min.
Dr Tinashe Mutsvangwa, an expert in medical imaging in UCT's Division of Biomedical Engineering, says while most South Africans are familiar with the notion of transformation, it was rare to see it employed in such a tangible manner.
According to Dr Tinashe Mutsvangwa, an expert in medical imaging in the University of Cape Town's (UCT) Division of Biomedical Engineering, he played only a minor role in what has come to be known as the Sutherland Project – an internationally precedent-setting process of restitution and reburial initiated by UCT in 2018.
Without his expertise, however, the individuals whose skeletal remains were unethically exhumed and donated to the university may forever have remained faceless.
The restitution process was set in motion when Dr Victoria Gibbon, senior lecturer in biological anthropology and curator of UCT's skeletal collection, performed an archiving audit of the collection in 2017 and identified 11 human skeletons that had been obtained unethically in the past.
It was established that nine of the skeletons had been donated to UCT by a medical student between 1925 and 1931. Eight had been exhumed at Kruisrivier, the student's family farm just outside Sutherland in the Northern Cape, and are believed to be the remains of San and Khoe farm labourers.
It was decided that the university had a responsibility to return the skeletons to their place of origin where they could be laid to rest near their families.
Gibbon visited the Sutherland community to receive input from the Abraham and Stuurman families – who had been identified as descendants of at least two of the individuals in question – on the next steps.
Rather than opting for immediate reburial, as Gibbon had expected, the families agreed to further research being conducted into the lives and deaths of their ancestors. They also made a specific request for facial reconstructions to be done, in order to have a visual representation of who their predecessors were.
"A particularly memorable moment of the project for me was being able to show the families a virtual model of one of the individuals."
An unusual opportunity
As group lead for Medical Image-based Inferencing and Distributed Diagnosis (Mi2d2) – a research group in the Division of Biomedical Engineering at UCT – Mutsvangwa has established himself as an expert in the development of advanced medical imaging and analysis. It comes as no surprise then that Gibbon would ask him for assistance.
Seizing the opportunity to be part of this remarkable initiative, and using funding provided by the Medical Imaging Research Unit within the Division of Biomedical Engineering, Mutsvangwa and his PhD student Yvonne Karanja undertook the computed tomography (CT) imaging of the remains of the nine Sutherland individuals at UCT Private Academic Hospital in Cape Town.
"The main challenge was working out the logistics of getting the remains to the hospital in a way that was both dignified and respectful," Mutsvangwa said.
"We also had to make sure that they wouldn't be seen by the general public or that any accidental revealing took place."
This was achieved by encasing the remains in bubble wrap and concealing them in wooden boxes. Once at the hospital, Karanja carefully removed each skeleton and – with the utmost respect – positioned the remains in the CT scanner.
"We took high resolution images of the remains, after which I did the post-processing and analysing of the CT scans," he explained.
This was done with software that is widely used for medical image analysis research. The process involved a careful delineating of the cranium in the CT scan – differentiating it from the background – in order to reconstruct an accurate 3D digital model of each skull.
The 3D models were then sent to Kathryn Smith, a South African visual artist currently completing her PhD in facial reconstruction in the United Kingdom, at Liverpool John Moores University's Face Lab.
Using these models, Smith produced accurate facial reconstructions of the individuals, which have been presented to the families.
"Working with Kathryn to facilitate the depiction of these individuals was a nice secondary outcome of this project for me," Mutsvangwa said.
"I really enjoyed these collaboratory efforts and the spirit of camaraderie that came with them."
Closure for families
During the first viewing of the remains at UCT by the Sutherland Abraham and Stuurman families, Mutsvangwa was on hand to discuss his work with them.
"A particularly memorable moment of the project for me was being able to show the families a virtual model of one of the individuals," he recalled.
"I could see the amazement on their faces and how meaningful this was to them."
Mutsvangwa added that he believes having visual depictions of the deceased – individuals who had previously been faceless and nameless to their descendants – certainly offered the families a sense of closure and maybe a final understanding of what had occurred in the past.
It was a profound experience for him, to be part of a process in which the university was actively reconsidering its position within society and trying to make some amends for harm done in the past.
"From the start, it appealed to my deep sense of social justice," he said.
"It really kind of encodes all my values in one project."
While the notion of transformation may be familiar to most South Africans, he added, it's rare to see it employed in such a tangible manner.
"The university has set a precedent with this process, which I believe could serve as a good blueprint for other institutions."
Please view the republishing articles page for more information.
On the cutting edge: meet Assoc Prof Maswime 13:30, 15 January 2020
Body of work: reflections of an anatomist 09:00, 15 January 2020
Going up: 500-bed Avenue Road Residence 11:45, 6 January 2020
Measuring the success of the Cape Flats army deployment 14:25, 16 January 2020
Why South Africa's declining maths performance is a worry 10:00, 10 January 2020
Sequencing the future The UCT Neuroscience Institute is helping to ensure Africans are better represented in neurogenetic studies through forward-looking, international projects on genetics and the nervous system. 22 Jan 2020
Ben Kies: The Cape radical South African political theorist and activist Ben Kies was remembered and analysed in a recent UCT Summer School lecture. 22 Jan 2020
Why green energy finally makes economic sense UCT energy economist Faaiqa Hartley says its affordability could pave the way for renewables to eventually account for the lion's share of global electricity production. 22 Jan 2020 Republished
New programme to empower women in local government UCT's Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance has created a unique Local Government Women's Leadership Development Programme – in collaboration with local partners. 22 Jan 2020
State capture: the 'legacy of apartheid' Advocate Hermione Cronje, head of the NPA's Investigative Directorate, discussed "reclaiming the state from capture" during a Summer School lecture at UCT. 21 Jan 2020
UCT Sutherland Reburial
After an archiving audit of the UCT Human Skeletal Collection in 2017, the university discovered that it had 11 skeletons in its collection that were unethically obtained by the institution in the 1920s. The university has acknowledged this past injustice, which forms part of its history. Nine of these individuals were brought to the university in the 1920s from Sutherland in the Northern Cape. UCT is working with the community of Sutherland to return the skeletal remains of these nine individuals to their descendants. An interdisciplinary team of academics from UCT and two international partner institutions have conducted unprecedented scientific studies. This process has enabled the university to provide redress and social justice through science.
Sutherland Reburial Media Conference
On Monday, 4 November, UCT hosted a media conference about the Sutherland Reburials Project. Watch the recording of the live stream. 06 Nov 2019
Sutherland project will shape historic reburials policy
The Sutherland Reburials Project involving nine unethically obtained San and Khoe skeletons from the Roggeveld was a mammoth scientific endeavour coupled with strong community collaboration. 05 Nov 2019 - 10 min read
Community justice through science
Dr Victoria Gibbon, curator of UCT's skeletal collection, discusses one of the most extensive, significant and fulfilling projects of her career. 04 Nov 2019 - 8 min read
Rewriting a piece of history
Professor Judith Sealy's research revealed fascinating aspects of the life histories of nine people whose skeletons were obtained unethically by the university between 1925 and 1931. 04 Nov 2019 - 6 min read
Dr Tinashe Mutsvangwa from UCT's Division of Biomedical Engineering played an integral part in restoring the dignity and identity of the Sutherland skeletal remains. 04 Nov 2019 - 6 min read
Using archaeology to correct injustice UCT archaeologist Emeritus Associate Professor Simon Hall reflects on his contribution to the repatriation, reburial and restorative justice work done at Kruisrivier. 04 Nov 2019
Restoring dignity through forensic art Kathryn Smith, a South African pursuing a PhD in forensic art in the UK, added her facial reconstruction expertise to the multidisciplinary Sutherland project team. 04 Nov 2019
'We knew their names' Ancient DNA analyses have identified nine sets of unethically sourced San and Khoe skeletal remains found in UCT's archive, paving the way for their repatriation to Sutherland. 04 Nov 2019
Breathing life into history Professor Nigel Penn's expertise in the blood-soaked history of the Northern Cape made him a critical roleplayer in a restitution project of historical relevance. 04 Nov 2019
Restoring ancestors to their home through transformational UCT process
Remembering more than nine
Stable isotope analyses helps to tell the Sutherland story
Making transformation tangible
Using archaeology to do the right thing
Restoring dignity by facing the past
Breathing life into history
Material for media 04 Nov 2019
Material for media
Announcements to the UCT campus community
Restoring individual and national pride 16:10, 4 November 2019
Sutherland reburial process and other updates 10:50, 20 September 2019
The Sutherland reburial process and other updates 10:55, 13 June 2019
Cape Town fire donations and other updates 10:55, 26 October 2018
Restoring ancestors to their home 14:00, 11 October 2018
Khoisan skeletons to be returned home
UCT is working with the community of Sutherland to return the skeletal remains of nine people to their descendants, in a move to remedy the injustices of the past. 12 Oct 2018 - 7 min read
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It used to be humble, and it went unnoticed in a lush garden. It also used to serve the purpose of supporting plants, but not anymore. Welcome to the world of the decorative garden stakes. They come in so many variations that it will be difficult to choose just one or a few, so we decided to help you out. Here is out selection of the best and prettiest decorative garden stakes.
Every garden needs some sun, right? What would you say if you had your personal one? Here is a gorgeous metal decorative garden stake made of copper and shaped like a sun. It reaches 39 inches high after you assemble it, and it comes with tiltable solar panels for capturing sunlight as best as possible. Did we mention that this beautiful copper sun can change colors? Because, thanks to its LED lights, it can.
Here's another decorative stake that can light up your garden at night, thanks to its solar panels. It is made entirely out of metal and pink glass, so that it will stand out from between your garden rows and hedges. It will also withstand any kind of weather, as long as you don't play croquet with it!
Even though they don't have LED lights or solar panels, these cute owl decorative stakes are perfect for your autumn harvest décor. They come in sets of two, but you can buy as many as you want. Users that have already purchased them report that the lovely little owls also serve as scarecrows.
These items are a perfect example of the fact that decorative garden stakes are not just for your bushes and hedges. You can also use them in pots. Here are some mini versions, with colorful butterflies on top. They are so lifelike that they make your flowers look like beautiful butterflies hover over them at all times.
Just like the pink flamingo, the the colorful peacock will be yet another regal addition to your backyard. It's made out of glass and metal, and it has solar panels which will allow it to soak up as much light as it can during the day and then light up your garden at night for a maximum of eight hours. It has awesome beaded accents that accentuate its slim figure, making it look like a real peacock was strutting around through the hedges.
When you go about purchasing decorative garden stakes, it's crucial that you take a good look at their design. Even so, you cannot possibly go wrong with our top five choices.


Anxiety, lack of information, the desire for comfort and social pressure. These are among the issues that featured prominently in dialogues involving more than a thousand Finns, who came together from different parts of Finland for a day to discuss what prevents us from taking action to mitigate climate change.
There is a wealth of solutions for the mitigation of climate change, but something is keeping us from taking decisive action. On 29 January, designated Timeout Day, one hundred constructive discussions on climate change were organised in 26 locations. Throughout the course of one day, the dialogues attracted more than a thousand participants. The Timeout Day showed that people in Finland are able to discuss matters in a constructive manner.
Sitra collected participants' insights into why we do not take immediate and sufficiently effective action to mitigate climate change. Among the hundreds of insights to emerge in the dialogues, the most important themes were climate anxiety, lack of information, the desire for comfort, social pressure, money and time.
Slightly surprisingly, participants considered a lack of information and fragmented information to be the biggest obstacles. The discussions in the media and between experts were considered too difficult to understand and sometimes even contradictory, and selecting the most essential details from the flood of information was considered to be hard. In the worst cases, uncertainty can lead to no climate action being taken at all.
"The responses revealed a great need for clear, easily accessible and reliable information," says Hietaniemi.
The desire for comfort was also considered to be an obstacle: why start to change one's own or an organisation's practices if everything seems to be easy and convenient just the way it is? A longing for a great social utopia could be seen in the participants' insights: it is easier to take climate action if the change does not mean having to give up things and still provides a pathway to a better life.
It is not always easy to be a friend to climate action. Understanding the effect of social pressure was one of the most important insights: what should you do if talking about climate actions costs you a friendship or causes tensions at the Christmas table? Reaching a critical mass was seen as a solution. If climate actions become the new norm, making climate-smart decisions would no longer make anyone stand out from the rest.
Climate actions are also often prevented by one very simple reason: money. If Finnish fish is more expensive than minced meat, it is bought less often. People may want to recycle plastic, but if the nearest recycling point is dozens of kilometres away, the whole point of recycling is missed.
A large variety of organisations from different levels of society were involved in organising the Timeout discussions on 29 January: Aktivistimummot, Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), Espoo City Library, Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), City of Imatra, Kuhmoisten vapaa-ajan asukkaat, Regional Council of Lapland, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Mothers in Business, Finnish National Agency for Education, Solita, Suomen kylät ry and Varusteleka.
A similar diversity of viewpoints would also be desirable for other societally important issues. It was encouraging to see that 40 per cent of the discussions involved participants who had not engaged in societal discussion before. The TimeOut Day thus managed to engage people whose voice is not usually heard.
Timout is a way to initiate and carry out constructive public discussion. The goal is to make engaging in dialogue a civic skill and to make public discussion more constructive and less aggressive.
Sitra is a future fund that collaborates with partners from different sectors to research, trial and implement bold new ideas that shape the future. Our aim is a Finland that succeeds as a pioneer in sustainable well-being.


Richard Lewis Photography Tuition: Adapting the Adaptor!
Blog > Adapting the Adaptor!
In the world of photography each manufacturer still works to their own standards and in particular the lenses (or lens mounts) are in most cases not cross compatible from brand to brand.
Of course there are many benefits (mostly commercial) to the manufacturers having this lack of cross compatibility; I'm not going to list them here.
Just to add to the confusion the world of photography has changed from 'Film' to 'Digital' which because of the differing dimensions of a 35mm 'Film Frame' compared to the dimensions of 'Digital Sensors' (which all vary slightly, i.e. several variants of 'APS' size sensors and come in different sizes as well) means that manufacturers Lenses behave differently in terms of optical focal length if they have been designed for use with either Film or Digital cameras (unless you're using 35mm film lenses with 'Full Frame' digital cameras).
Over the years even the bayonet fittings for lenses of a single manufacturer have changed for some manufacturers due to technological advances.
So if you want to purchase a lens second hand of a particular brand that was designed for use on a 'Film' camera of the same brand for your digital camera you have to check the technical spec in your camera manual to see if the bayonet fitting is compatible, in most cases it probably will be, however another consideration is the lens from a film camera will probably have different focal length because the sensor in your camera will be smaller in most cases than the 35mm film frame, hence the 'Crop Factor', so a simple multiplication gives the new Focal Length.
There is however one exception to all this incompatibility, back in the days of Film Cameras 'Tamron' who didn't produce Cameras, but manufactured lenses for the major camera manufacturers with adaptors to fit various bayonet fittings of the time, this was known as the 'Adaptall' system, and many of these lenses are available today second hand, the Lenses are good quality and well made.
Last year I purchased one with a Pentax 'K' fitting, the lens is an 80-210 zoom, f3.8/4, I don't have a Pentax camera so it's been sat in my cupboard for 12 months in its case with the instructions & lens hood, it's like new but cost only £12.00. that's what happens when you browse e-bay on a rainy afternoon.
Reading about 'Adaptall' mounts on the web and looking through my camera manual it occurred to me that with the purchase of an 'Adaptall II' to 'Nikon' adaptor, that in theory this lens could be used on my Nikon mount camera, so taking a bit of a risk I ordered one such adaptor from a supplier in 'Hong Kong', (not a genuine Tamron) the risk being the loss of £10.90 (not much of a risk really, price of two camera mag's).
The good news is the lens with said adaptor works fine on my Fuji with the Nikon lens mount, confused? My 'Fuji' camera lives inside a 'Nikon' camera body (collaboration between manufacturers!), so I have a lovely 80-210 zoom lens which with the 1.5x Crop factor behaves as a 120mm to 315mm Zoom lens for just £22.90 what a bargain.


Tumbleweed tones and sand dune hues welcome you in the Shorecliff trend that offers more than meets the eye. Inspiration from organic coastal elements and modern loft living are integrated with the combination of neutral furnishings and unique interest pieces. Here are some interesting ways to use muted hues in your home.
Got a room that feels gloomy? Add some cheer in with light, muted tones. This will bring an understated sophisticated look to your room, opening up the space without being too extravagant.
For a more elegant and eye-catching look, use contrasting tones to create emphasis in different parts of your room. This can be easily done by playing with cool tones such as blue and warm ones with a touch of red.
Create a cosier, more intimate space by limiting your palette to just three colours. Start off with a plain, neutral colour and choose two complementary colours to accent with.
Blend natural elements into your styling scheme to help add depth and warmth. Think wood grains, marble patterns and stoneware.
Create visual interest by playing with different textures to keep your room from feeling flat. This makes your room more appealing without being over the top.
A muted look does not have to be boring or antique-looking. Go for a modern look by accenting grey tones with a smoky shade of peach. It's a stylish mix that will keep your room looking in trend.
Pair light, earthy tones with a splash of greenery to bring a touch of the outdoors into your home. Accentuate further by adding your favourite plants for a breath of fresh air!


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Mechanical design utilizing the latest that technology has to offer.
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AeroRND is proud to serve those who serve and is developing technologies to support critical mission objectives.


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Q: Subsonic 2.2 Source code Where is the source code for subsonic 2.2? I can see the binary version of 2.2 but not the source code.

A: Isn't this it?

A: According to this question the latest version is here on github (despite nothing suggesting it's 2.2 instead of say 2.0).

A: Finally I found, Its a open source so you can download from here.
http://subsonictools.codeplex.com/SourceControl/list/changesets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For Christmas my kids bought me a wonderful new gadget that I had never come across before – a bunting cutter. Or to be more precise the We R Memory Keepers Banner Punch Board. I love making fabric bunting but I had never thought of making paper bunting until now. This morning I decided it really was time to get my new toy out and give it a try and OH MY WORD I just LOVE it! So far I have only tried out the pennant shape but it can also cut flag and crest shaped bunting as well – the possibilities are endless :). It cuts perfectly every time, no ragged edges, all the pennants are the same size, the holes are punched in the same place on each triangle and it can cut from 1 inch to 8.5 inch pennants. I have spent a very happy, relaxing morning playing around with my stock of colourful papers and now have some new bunting to decorate my notice board, some teeny tiny bunting to use in card making and some to sell at our next Craft Fair. All in all a great day so far and the sun is shining as well!


In my research, I focus on the mechanism that underpins multilinguals' language control. To examine this topic, I measure switching costs during picture naming tasks with language mixing in different types of multilinguals (bilinguals and trilinguals). Specifically, I am interested in understanding what factors might play an influential role during language switching (i.e. preparation time, age of language acquisition, proficiency and status).


Two cute stories that help youngsters memorize Scripture.
Let's Learn About the Lord's Prayer - In this first book of the HeartSmart series, preschoolers are invited on a playdate with Emma. Together they learn the Lord's Prayer and practice "teaching" it to Emma's favorite teddy bear.
Let's Learn About Psalm 23 - In this second book of the HeartSmart series, preschoolers are invited to join five-year-old Jackson for a day at Grandpa's farm. Together they learn how to gather eggs, feed baby lambs, and brush horses. When a storm approaches, they go inside for breakfast and Grandpa reads Psalm 23. Everything they have experienced on the farm helps Psalm 23 come alive.


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Home / National News / Wrong Red Hen getting tarred and feathered over Sarah Sanders controversy
Wrong Red Hen getting tarred and feathered over Sarah Sanders controversy
(WASHINGTON) — The Red Hen, a Washington, D.C., restaurant, is scrambling to make clear to diners that it's not the same henhouse embroiled in a White House squabble.
In a case of mistaken identity, The Red Hen in Northwest Washington has been vandalized and ridiculed by geographically-challenged critics confusing it with The Red Hen in Lexington, Virginia. That restaurant asked White House press secretary Sarah Sanders to leave last week because she works for President Donald Trump.
"It started with negative comments and then worked into death threats and vandalizing the restaurant," Michael Friedman, owner of the D.C. Red Hen, told ABC station WJLA-TV.
But now Friedman's staff is pecking back. They put a giant sign in its window reading #NotThatRedHen and Freidman said Sanders is welcome to dine there, as long as she books a reservation.
"I would say to Miss Sanders that we take reservations a month [in advance], and we book up fairly quickly, and if she gets a reservation here, I think that's awesome," Friedman said.
The Red Hen brouhaha started June 22 when Stephanie Wilkinson, owner of The Red Hen in Lexington, asked Sanders and her party to leave, reportedly saying, "The restaurant has certain standards that I feel it has to uphold, such as honesty, and compassion, and cooperation."
Sanders' father, former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, defended his daughter, posting on Twitter: "Bigotry. On the menu at Red Hen Restaurant in Lexington VA. Or you can ask for the 'Hate Plate'. And appetizers are 'small plates for small minds.'"
President Trump chimed in, crowing on Twitter that the restaurant was "filthy" and "dirty" despite offering no proof to back up the health-code accusations.
On Monday, Sanders addressed the controversy at her White House press briefing.
"We are allowed to disagree but we should be allowed to do so freely and without harm. And this goes for all people regardless of politics," Sanders said.
For Friedman, the ruffled feathers haven't been all bad. Some diners have patronized his restaurant — albeit by mistake.
"We heard about The Red Hen and the story that's been all over the news obviously and so we saw the restaurant and said, 'Oh we've got to go there,'" Kendria Taylor, who was in Washington for a conference, told WJLA, adding that she didn't realize she was at the wrong Red Hen until she arrived.
Yelp has also taken a stand for Friedman's Red Hen by removing hundreds of negative reviews aimed at the restaurant since the controversy erupted.
But Friedman isn't the only Red Hen owner getting skewered by mistake. The Red Hen in Swedesboro, New Jersey, and a Red Hen in Connecticut have also taken some misdirected flak.
"The first message that I got when I walked in the door on Saturday was a threat," Shelley Deproto, owner of the Red Hen in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, told ABC station WTNH-TV in New Haven.
"They were profane. They were angry. There was just a lot of rage," she said of the phone messages and fake reservations that followed.
She eventually posted a message on her restaurant's website: "We are a small privately own bistro located in Old Saybrook CT. We have absolutely no affiliation with any other Red Hen restaurant anywhere else."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Memorial to victims of Boston Marathon bombing completed
by: PHILIP MARCELO, Associated Press
Light spires and one of the stone pillars stand along Boylston Street after installation was finished, Monday, Aug. 19, 2019, in Boston to memorialize the Boston Marathon bombing victims at the sites where they were killed. Martin Richard, Krystle Campbell and Lingzi Lu were killed when bombs were detonated at two locations near the finish line on April 15, 2013. (AP Photo/Philip Marcelo)
BOSTON (AP) — Three stone pillars were placed Monday near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, marking the final step in a $2 million effort to memorialize the bombing that killed three people.
The understated monument of granite and bronze, which took four years to plan and develop, was supposed to be ready last year for the fifth anniversary of the April 15, 2013, attack, but underwent significant redesigns and other delays.
"We hope that this will help demarcate the sacredness of this spot and give people the opportunity to slow down when they're here," said Bolivian-born sculptor Pablo Eduardo as he put finishing touches on the monuments Monday.
Nichola Forrester, a Milton, Massachusetts, resident who completed the 2013 race long before the bombs detonated, was among those pausing to reflect on their lunch break.
"I said a prayer for them," she said after asking a bystander to take a photo of her beside one of the pillars. "I'm pretty sure these three victims had cheered for me when I was going through the finish line, so the least I could do was come out and show my support."
Patricia Campbell, the mother of bombing victim Krystle Campbell, said she was grateful her daughter hasn't been forgotten.
"I hope that this memorial will be a reminder to anyone out there who feels upset about their life and that they will stop and think," she said by email.
The memorial — two distinct pieces separated by about a city block — marks the spots where two pressure cooker bombs detonated near the finish line, killing the three victims and wounding more than 260 others.
The two pieces each feature granite pillars ringed by towering bronze and glass spires meant to bathe the sites in warm white light.
Cherry trees to bloom each April have also been planted at the sites, and two modest bronze bricks have been set in the sidewalk to honor the police officers killed in the bombing's aftermath, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Officer Sean Collier and Boston police Officer Dennis Simmonds.
The stone pillars, which range in height from about 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters), were gathered from places around Boston significant to the bombing victims.
One representing 8-year-old Boston resident Martin Richard was taken from Franklin Park in his family's Dorchester neighborhood. Another that is fused to it honors 23-year-old Boston University graduate student Lingzi Lu and was donated by her school.
Around the base of the two pillars is an inscription etched in bronze: "Let us climb, now, the road to hope."
And the third pillar for Campbell, a 29-year-old Medford, Massachusetts native, comes from Spectacle Island in Boston Harbor, where she'd worked.
Its inscription reads: "All we have lost is brightly lost."
Follow Philip Marcelo at twitter.com/philmarcelo.


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Q: "AllowUnsafeUpdates" in SharePoint I am little bit confused by msdn article, As per msdn article "AllowUnsafeUpdates is set to true when you are trying to update the database as a result of the GET request".
I understand that we have to set web.AllowUnsafeUpdates=true while updating database and set it back to false after updating the database, But what means "as a result of the GET request"?
please, someone explain it to me.

A: The HTML specifications technically define the difference between "GET" and "POST" so that former means that form data is to be encoded (by a browser) into a URL while the latter means that the form data is to appear within a message body. But the specifications also give the usage recommendation that the "GET" method should be used when the form processing is "idempotent", and in those cases only. As a simplification, we might say that "GET" is basically for just getting (retrieving) data whereas "POST" may involve anything, like storing or updating data, or ordering a product, or sending E-mail. [R1]
When you visit a page with code-behind in it, it is all happening in the context of a HTTP GET request. SharePoint prevents all updates made to the database from a GET request to protect from cross-site scripting attacks. That's when you need to use AllowUnsafeUpdates if you want to update an object when the only thing you were supposed to do is read data. You don't need to use AllowUnsafeUpdates every time you update a database - for example as a result of a POST request.

Example:
A SharePoint example of a GET request would be:
Let's say you have a SharePoint application page where you add site administrators by using a GET request - i.e. there is a button on the page which, when clicked, collects the information from the form (let's say user name and other details) and then redirects the user to the following URL with all the parameters encoded in the query string - Response.Redirect("http://yourserver/_layouts/admin.aspx?operation=addAdministrator&username=name"). That admin.aspx page handles OnPageLoad event and adds the user to site collection administrators. What happened here is basically a user sent a GET Request (with all the information encoded in the query string) to do a database update (add an administrator to a site). This is where you would get the following error:

System.Exception: Microsoft.SharePoint.SPException: The security
  validation for this page is invalid. Click Back in your Web browser,
  refresh the page, and try your operation again. —>
  System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x8102006D): The security
  validation for this page is invalid. Click Back in your Web browser,
  refresh the page, and try your operation again.

This is when you would need to set AllowUnsafeUpdates to true in the OnPageLoad event:
bool unsafeUpdates = web.AllowUnsafeUpdates;
web.AllowUnsafeUpdates = true;
//add site collection administrator
web.AllowUnsafeUpdates = unsafeUpdates;

While normally a POST does not offer much protection against this, SharePoint has a concept of form digests, which contain information about the previous request that is generating the post back (including the user's name). This reduces the footprint for this kind of attack significantly. [R2]
So doing a POST request would be sending all the information encoded on the FORM instead of URL. So there would be no need to set AllowUnsafeUpdates to true.
If you are running your code from a rich client application - like PowerShell and the HTTPContext.Current is null then AllowSafeUpdates will always be true. This is the case in rich clients where no cross-scripting is possible as there are simply no web requests. This as well is a case where you don't need to set AllowUnsafeUpdates to true.
There is a very fine article which explains AllowUnsafeUpdates in depth - HERE.
Hope this helps.
Quoted resources:
[R1] - https://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/forms/methods.html
[R2] - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/213882/best-pattern-for-allowunsafeupdates

A: First let's look at what's happening in the context of making these changes via the web UI. In SharePoint there is a FormDigest control, this control places some security validation information into the page which is included in the POST back to the server. SharePoint uses this information to verify that this request to change the contents of its databases does correspond to a request from a page that was served up by SharePoint.
Now when we attempt to make these changes from custom code that's getting executed from PowerShell there's no page, no POST and no FormDigest information bundled along. So SharePoint attempts to verify the form digest a.k.a "security validation" and in the interests of self protection quite rightly throws an exception. This behavior of SharePoint wanting it's changes to come from a web browser can also present via the message "Updates are currently disallowed for GET requests".
Of course because what we're trying to do here is a valid use case SharePoint supports disabling these checks via the AllowUnsafeUpdates property on the SPWeb object.
Hopefully this has helped to explain the WHY behind the use of AllowUnsafeUpdates !!!


Like every good card game, there's a wild card in the deck. That would be The Chosen Ones. And why not? They've filled that role for their entire history. Just ask Pharaoh! But things are a little different now, since the Fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD. Now these guys are playing with a grudge. The Big Grudge. Against everybody. But that's not really fair of me to say, because there's really only about 50,000 of these people left. They still follow Mosaic Law. They are called the Karaites. It's their impostors, the Rabbinic and Secular Ones, that are out to win at any cost. And that's a different story. Check out those Rabbis and Rabble-Rousers in the Impostor section on The Chosen Ones for the rest of this story.


text:
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Brian Field's vocal diversity shines with 'Vocal Works'
Marlon C
'Vocal Works' is a compilation of pieces by American composer Brian Field on which the human voice is the main protagonist. With a long list of performers, the album contains a broad spectrum of works and instrumentation. Amongst the six pieces that make up the album, we can find dramatic song cycles with orchestral accompaniment, intimate a capella choral music, arrangements of traditional melodies, Broadway-inspired songs, and even a song cycle with piano.
'By and by' is the first number of the album, performed by The Budapest Chorus with Martón Tóth. It is a piece for a capella choir based on a hymn by Charles Albert Tindley. The singers are able to deliver a refined and modern take on the classical gospel sound. The conductor's role in the preparation of the work can be especially seen in the choir's extraordinary interpretational labor regarding the veiled timbre of the vocal emission, which greatly differs from that of a traditional European art-music choir.
The second work of the album—'Tres canciones de amor' (Three love songs)— is a song cycle for tenor and orchestra consisting of of three pieces named, Plena mujer, manzana carnal (Full woman, flesh-apple), Tengo hambre de tu boca (I crave your mouth), and Cuando yo muera (When I die). These are three poems stemming from Pablo Neruda's poetic anthology 'Cien sonetos de amor' (one hundred love sonnets). Brian Field's setting of these works reveals a side of his compositional aesthetic which, different from the album's opening track, delves into the depths of post-romanticism. The three poems make up a cohesive whole through which a logical dramatic web is created.
Péter Illényi and The Hungarian Symphony Orchestra deliver a breathtaking reading of the cycle in which Field's extraordinary orchestration shines through as an intrinsic part of the musical drama. Perhaps this performance more than any other on the record demonstrates the importance of a conductor attentive to detail and a responsive ensemble that is able to both technically and musically deliver accordingly. Recordings of new works or pieces which don't belong to the standard repertoire rarely achieve such high-quality standards regarding ensemble tightness and subtlety. In this work, the orchestra has a protagonist role and is, as much as the singer, responsible for the turning of the dramatic wheels.
Regarding the tenor soloist Yanis Benabdallah, his command of the Spanish language is quite impressive for a non-native speaker and his delivery of the musical text engages the listener with Neruda's text's emotional and psychological depth.
Each of the three songs is unique and has its own characteristic features. The first one, Plena mujer, manzana carnal is the most expressionistic of the three with a broad dynamic range and generalized employment of dissonance. The second song, Tengo hambre de tu boca has a strong vocal presence in a declamatory style with few orchestral interventions. Finally, the closing song is the most blatantly operatic with fleeting references to Wagner, Strauss, and even Puccini. It is a highly lyrical piece that places Yanis Benabdallah in the spotlight and he delivers an extraordinary performance filled with passion and delicacy.
After the almost Wagnerian emotional climax of Neruda's Cuando yo muera, the next track, Let's Build a Wall! (An American Satire) with both the lyrics and the music composed by Brian Field, represents another stark stylistic contrast which at this point can already be seen as the norm. This piece is composed of tenor and a chamber ensemble. The subject matter is one of American president Donald Trump's main campaign items for the 2016 presidential election, the construction of a wall between Mexico and the US as a response to the raging immigration crisis.
Zoli Mujahid's delivery worked wonderfully well and emulated Broadway performance tropes perfectly. His powerful yet controlled voice is able to display a wide array of colors and timbres which perfectly capture the piece's satiric and ever-changing style.
The orchestration once again demonstrates Field's ability to masterfully adopt the stylistic properties which the piece at hand requires while still maintaining his own personal signature.
The album continues with an original arrangement for Soprano soloist and orchestra, of the traditional Sephardic lullaby Durme, Durme, Kerido Ijiko. Following the satire of let's build a wall and the expressionist darkness of the Neruda songs, this arrangement comes as a much-needed emotional balm. The orchestra's performance is filled with color and subtlety giving a light backdrop for Orsi Sapszon's beautiful and heartfelt delivery.
The following track, Let the Light Shine on Me, returns us back to the intimate setting of the acapella choir with vocal solos in a similar gospel style to that of the opening piece. The Budapest Chorus delivers an even finer performance than on By and by with a warm vocal color and extraordinary dynamic range. The soloists' performances are all-around stylistically on-point and contain beautiful flashes of the vocal display.
Before talking about the final work, it is important to make a comment regarding the album's superb production quality, particularly regarding mixing. It is extremely difficult for albums with such a broad spectrum of instrumentations to sound cohesive and balanced but this one really hits the nail on it showcasing great clarity and every part shining through as it would in a live setting.
The final work in the album is Chimneys, sonnets-realities. This is an intimate song cycle for baritone with a piano accompaniment with texts from the E.E. Cummings' collection Tulips and Chimneys. These are The Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls; goodby Betty, don't remember me; ladies and gentlemen, this little girl; when you rang, at Dick Mid's Place; "kitty". sixteen, 5'1", white, prostitute; and when thou hast taken thy last applause. E.E. Cummings bleak poetry is set in a through-composed manner with every verse getting an original treatment revealing the poet's original train of thought.
As opposed to the other tracks on the album, this work was recorded live, giving it an extra dose of interest to the listening experience.
Musically speaking, this is Field's most daring and modern work of the record. With a generally expressionistic language that reminds us of some twentieth-century song cycles like Arnold Schoenberg's influential Pierrot Lunaire. However, perhaps the most noteworthy element of the cycle is not its rooting in preexistent models but actually its originality especially in terms of how each song (and poem) maintains the logical flow of the cycle while bringing in new elements.
The highlight of this performance is undoubtedly the extraordinary vocal work of Edward Whalen. Once again, in a manner similar to Pierrot Lunaire, Field has the singer constantly change the type of vocal delivery passing through powerful lyrical passages to short, rhythmically vigorous declamation and even an almost spoken delivery similar to Pierrot Lunaire's sprechstimme technique.
Another noteworthy aspect of this work's performance is pianist Veronica Tomanek's masterful collaborative skills always leaving room for Whalen to shine through while at the same time delivering a strongly rooted and confident performance with great vigor and control.
Field's setting of the words is extraordinary in the sense that it is able to deal with extremely characteristic poetry in a respectful way while at the same time enhancing its features.
All in all, this album succeeds both musically and production-wise with great performances and an all-around great sound. Another feature that makes it unique and indispensable addition to any record library is the extreme stylistic heterogeneity that Field demonstrates across his works, a feature which also makes it a wonderful introduction to the composer's sound world.
Album name: Vocal Works
Composer: Brian Field
Performers (in order of appearance): The Budapest Chorus – Martón Tóth (Tracks 1 and 7)
Hungarian Symphony Orchestra – Péter Illényi (tracks 2-6)
Yanis Benabdallah (tracks 2-4)
Zoli Mujahid (Track 5)
Orsi Sapszon (Track 6)
Edward Whalen – Veronica Tomanek (Tracks 8-13)
Publisher: Navona Records
Length: 44:04 mins
Album info here: https://www.navonarecords.com/catalog/nv6360/
Brian Field's website: http://www.brianfield.com
–Luciana Arroyo
Luciana Arroyo is an orchestral conductor and educator based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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J Breeze: Is Ready To Regain His Buzz Within The Music Industry
Gabriel Comfort
Justin Bryant, better known as J Breeze is an on the rise recording artist. He has been creating music since he was only 15 years old. Years later this is still his passion. J Breeze wants everyone to hear his story through his music. Recently he has blessed his fans with an EP titled "Captivated" since then he has also released a few singles that are all now available on streaming platforms. It is a nonstop grind for him right now as he aims to grow his brand and really make his name known within this industry. He also has an official clothing line launched called "Freedom Forever". His work ethic is like no other. Each project he releases is a work of art.
Currently J Breeze is working on regaining his buzz and is in the process of working on an album titled "Ascension". The goal for 2022 is to get his name and music heard around the world. He states "My motto is that if I can do it, anyone can!". With his sheer determination and true passion it will not be hard for him to gain traction behind his music. In the meantime check out his latest releases and get familiar ! Make sure to add his music to your playlists. You will not be disappointed. Each one of his releases caters to his personal backstory. His music reflects his own personal life events.
Make sure you stream his latest releases now available on all major streaming platforms.
Stream his music here
From Artiste to Ambassador, R&B Singer Roy Simmons is Expanding His Portfolio Into The Influencer Marketing Lane
Hello, My name is Gabriel, but most know me as "Bonni3". I am a music artist and entrepreneur. I own my own business called Christian Nicole Promotions. As an entrepreneur I have been featured on publications such as Hufforbes, Medium, The Source, Disrupt, ABC, FOX, Respect Mag and many other reputable platforms.
Arshbro – Sharing his story with fans
Anna Stark
Pull Up was published alongside a music video so that people may gain a better understanding of Arshbro. He began to present himself to us, and he was finally able to tap into his personality's creative aspect and let it shine through. Setting the tone, he subsequently produced.
Get To Know Arshbro
Arshbro doesn't consider himself to be a member of any single musical genre, although he dabbles in practically everything. It's his swift entry into the scene and determination to put himself out there that I'm most pleased with, says his musical coach. He makes an effort to grow in all ramifications.
Arshbro, please share your story with us. How did you get to where you are today?
Music has always been a part of me, but I never really got into it until last year. I moved into a house with some of his musical friends, and that's when the opportunities started rising. My friend, who was currently my manager and partner, owned a studio inside the house and recorded and produced music almost every day. One day out of curiosity, I hopped on one of his beats and recorded his debut single, Pull Up. And the rest is history.
Has it been an easy path overall and if not, what were the challenges you've had to overcome?
Building a company and a burgeoning music career proved his most challenging obstacle to overcome. Making time for music was difficult for me because of his type-A tendencies and the need for routine.
In releasing the song, what did you find the most challenging? His biggest challenge was putting in the time and effort to create something new. To begin, I sought a sound that would communicate my message to the soul, mind and ears of the listeners but I also sought to infuse it with my unique style and flair.
What was the most difficult thing you had to overcome as a personal challenge in your own life?
My biggest challenge was getting used to the idea of filming a music video and putting himself out there.
Do you look back particularly fondly on any memories from childhood?
When I was in fourth grade, he was recognised for academic distinction at an awards ceremony. As a child, he felt like I was unstoppable and capable of accomplishing anything, and that experience shaped who he was today.
While growing up in a predominately black neighbourhood, he was the only white student in his class, making it difficult to fit in. As a result, Arshbro was also a target of abuse at school because of his uniqueness. The only way he could avoid getting beaten up was to run home at the conclusion of every recess.( this isn't accurate )
When Arshbro was growing up, his self-esteem was moulded by bullying.( neither is this )
What do you consider to be your greatest personal assets?
My capacity to create and engage with others is one of my best assets. Being the centre of attention isn't a problem for me. The fact that I have a good sense of humour also comes in handy when times are tough.
Follow him: Spotify, Apple Music
Instagram – @arshbroofficial
Instagram – @211_records_
Twitter – @arshbroofficial
Also Read: Siahh is going to release three back to back albums in the upcoming year
Anna Stark is a passionate and dedicated author for providing her audience with great and helpful content. She mostly writes about people who have been working well in their respective fields and doing something good for people. She also writes about the affairs happening in different countries and spreads only positivity to her audience.
This is how Mu Diamonds, never-quitting, showed his utter skills and shut his haters up
When one's desire and drive are great, no setback can keep them from doing whatever they put their minds to. Mu Diamonds is a rapper, sound engineer, and business owner who exemplify this desire and devotion. Despite his life's numerous twists and turns, he ended strong and increased his influence in the music business by launching Dynesty Entertainment.
This rapper was born and reared in Buffalo, New York, in a rough neighborhood. Unfortunately, gang violence became the norm for him. As a teenager, he found solace in music. Rap became a hobby he shared with his pals, and they experimented with verses and rhythms together. He used to hang out with his mates and listen to rap music. When they discovered instrumentals, they began to learn how to freestyle. They also went over several song lyrics together.
Tragically, Mu Diamonds was not spared the violence that engulfed his neighborhood. He was the victim of a drive-by gunshot, which left him paralyzed from the waist down. "Getting shot and being paralyzed was one of the worst trials of my life," the artist remembered. People changed their attitudes about him, and some of his loved ones even severed relations with him. His circumstances, however, did not dissuade him. If anything, it fueled his determination to achieve his goal.
Mu Diamonds concentrated on his music career, and he quickly progressed through the ranks of New York-based rappers. His abilities and distinct style secured his position as one of the best rappers in the world. As an artist, he exuded boundless energy, tenacity, and brilliance. Furthermore, Mu Diamonds ability to build a clear picture of his life through his songs distinguishes him from his contemporaries. This artist had a clear vision for where he wanted his career to go. And, after more than 10 years of performance, he has surely accomplished his aim and more.
Mu Diamonds set his sights on a greater objective after earning fame as an artist and performer. "I decided to start a record label," he explained. With this endeavor, I hope to improve the music business and create possibilities for other musicians to advance in their careers." Mu named his company Dynesty Entertainment.
Dynesty Entertainment
Dynesty Entertainment is a family-oriented business that tries to help aspiring artists and musicians realize their full potential. Mu Diamonds' recording firm offers comprehensive engineering and production services. The firm also creates and markets creative material for the label and the artists that collaborate with them. Dynesty Entertainment has evolved into more than just a venue for performers since its inception. It also serves as a modeling agency. Everyone who has worked closely with this record company has formed a tight bond and created a secure area for creative expression via music.
Despite adversity and adversity, Mu Diamonds has risen beyond his troubles and established up a prosperous career for himself. Through his enthusiasm and commitment to his music, this singer has earned the title "King of Buffalo."
Mu Diamonds Upcoming Work
Mu Diamonds has stated that his new single will be released on January 12th. The song will be accompanied by a music video directed by Mu's younger brother, LafranGraphics. This song can be found on his debut album "Memories & Moments." The song is available on a variety of prominent music websites, including Soundcloud and Apple Music.
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I find the SpinalHDL difficult to parse for the QSPI, can you also post the Verilog output for that?
As the clock speed is now 50Mhz, I changed the QSPI speed to 5Mhz.
Note that this is a double-Arduino system with both the STM32 and the ice40 programmed using the Arduino IDE.
I am currently trying to implement the Arduino feature of resetting the microcontroller when a serial connection is made. This allows a new Arduino program to be uploaded without first reconfiguring the ice40, which I currently have to do.
This is turning out to be quite complex.
I thought I could just use the greset signal, but it is not straighforward. greset seems to be high when there is no serial connection and low when there is a connection.
If I reset the CPU when greset goes low, then the bootloader is restarted and its data wiped out. So for a program upload the bootloader is restarted, and the user program is uploaded and started. But if I then open the console, greset goes low and the bootloader is reentered and the program stops. Basically, you can't tell the difference between a program upload and the console (or other serial connection) being opened.
So what I think the standard Arduino bootloader does, is first to detect if there is a program in memory and then wait a little while to see if a program arrives on the serial connection and if so upload and start it, but otherwise restart the user program, if there is one. That may be possible but isn't particularly easy with MuraxArduino, partly because it is difficult to tell the difference between an uploaded program and any other data, and partly because the user program may get wiped out if it or its data is in BRAM.
Another option is to generate an interrupt when greset goes low and work out what to do in the interrupt routine. That has the advantage that the BRAM does not get reset.
Yet another option is not to use greset but to generate a uart break condition when starting the upload of a program. The f32c/arduno tool I am using does this, but the SpinalHDL uart implementation does not seem to detect break conditions. The emard/pjtrellis version of f32/arduino, which use picovor32, fairly recently changed picosoc's simpleuart.v to detect the break condition and use it to reset the cpu. To do this I would have to change the spinal.lib uart implementation and use my own version of it.
I am not sure what the best option is. Any advice would be appreciated.
Forgive my lack of experience with ARduino mechanics, how does the regular Arduino µC do it, what is different in the Soft Arduino case that creates the issue exactly?
I based MuraxArduino on f32c/arduino and that uses a different mechanism to the AVR version of Arduino. It uses the uart break mechanism, which the SpinalHDL uart implementation doesn't support.
The uploader and bootloader that I am using is based on the f32c/arduino ones, not the AVR ones, and I have not looked at the AVR implementations in detail. The f32c uploader sends an SREC hex file without checksums, and I would have to read ahead a bit to see if the data arriving was an uploaded program rather than user data.
One difference with the AVR implementation is that the program is uploaded to flash, so doesn't disappear when you reset the µC.
Perhaps I will look at the AVR implementation of the bootloader to see exactly what it does.
It uploads a file in ihex format rather than the SREC format that I am using, following f32c/arduino.
It seems to set a watchdog timer and starts the user application if there is a timeout within 500 milliseconds or the baud rate is wrong or the file is not valid irec.
I could probably do the same at least for the case where the program in is external SRAM as that won't be wiped out when I reset the CPU. I will probably need to check the first word of SRAM to see if it looks like a valid program.
The other difference in my case is the way the reset is done. On the Arduino AVR boards I think the DTR signal from the uart is connected to the AVR reset with a pull-up resistor and a capacitor, which causes the AVR ro reset whenever a serial connection is opened. In the BlackIce case I think I need to detect a falling signal on greset and use it to reset the CPU, which should reload the bootloader.
I seem to have a design similar to the AVR one working now, resetting the CPU when greset goes low, and in the bootloader, starting the user program (if there is one), when no serial input is detected for a while.
I also fixed a bug in realloc, which seemed to be an f32c/arduino bug, and was stopping a lot of String methods from working. The Arduino String example programs now work.
It is quite nice having an Arduino system with Pmods. Lots of the Arduino example have multiple leds, and it is much easier to plug in an 8Led Pmod, rather than messing about with resistors, leds and breadboards, as you have to do with the standard Arduino.
Now that I have analogRead working most of the Arduino example programs run.
I have made a few more changes to MuraxArduino. I have changed the PWM peripheral to support any number of PWM pins and the PinInterrupt peripheral to support up to 32 attachInterrupt pins. This makes it easier to configure more pins to support PWM and pin change interrupts. I have also implemented the interrrupt and noInterrupt functions and changed the configuration I am using to support 2 7-segment Pmods, the second muliplexed with the GPIO pins.
I have most things in place now to allow me to generate different configurations.
The Alhambra II board has Arduino compatible headers connected to the ice40 (not the STM32 as on Blackice), so it would be a good fit for MuraxArduino. However, it does not seem to have SRAM, which I currently rely on for programs of any size. I think I would need to execute from flash on that board, and so would need to use the xip option of Murax, which I haven't tried. As I don't have an Alhambra II board, I would probably try that first on my TinyFPGA BX board.
There is a much more extensive README for MuraxArduino now with links to all the code.
I have added several more peripherals (such as Quadrature for encoders) and a more complete Arduino API implementation and more custom library implementations.
I have fixed some bugs such as setting the stack pointer correctly for the Arduino application, which the code copied from emard/prjtrellis-picorv32 was not doing.
I have started looking at support for LED panels, including my 32x32 one, but that really needs DMA support as does VGA and HDMI, but Murax currently does not support that as it does not support multiiple masters on the bus. I need either to wait for SaxonSoc or copy some code from SaxonSoc.
I have seen the CPU hang when running at least one third-party Arduino library, so I have some debugging to do.
Where I can found compiler for MuraxArduino (riscv32-elf-g++) ?
The compiler is installed when you install MuraxArduino with the Arduino board manager. It is part of FPGArduino, i.e the original f32c/arduino project, so on Linux it is installed in ~/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler. You don't have to install the FPGArduino board - just MuraxArduino.
Yes, and those changes are currently being merged back into the master branch of SpinalHDL/VexRiscv.
FPGArduino source. Contribute to f32c/arduino development by creating an account on GitHub.
But on my system I uninstalled f32c/arduino (FPGArduino) and installed MuraxArduino and all the tools including the complier were reinstalled under .arduino15/packages/FPGArduino.
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -w -x c++ -E -CC -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp" -o "/dev/null"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -w -x c++ -E -CC -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp" -o "/dev/null"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -w -x c++ -E -CC -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire" "/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp" -o "/dev/null"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -w -x c++ -E -CC -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp" -o "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/preproc/ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"
"/opt/arduino-1.8.5/tools-builder/ctags/5.8-arduino11/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/preproc/ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp" -o "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp.o"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-g++" -c -Os -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -std=gnu++11 -fpeel-loops -ffreestanding -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fpermissive -Wall -nostdinc "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/include" -include sys/param.h -fno-rtti  -fno-exceptions -include sys/stdint.h -DARDUINO=10805 -D__F32C__=0 -DF_CPU=50000000L -DSOC_VIDEO_BPP=8 "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/cores/f32c" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/variants/generic" "-I/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire" "/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp" -o "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp.o"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-ld" -N -EL -melf32lriscv -gc-sections "--library-path=/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/MuraxArduino/hardware/Vexriscv/0.0.1/system/riscv/lib" -nostdlib --section-start=.init=0x90000000 -lcrt0 "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/sketch/i2cscanner.ino.cpp.o" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp.o" "/tmp/arduino_cache_84235/core/core_MuraxArduino_Vexriscv_fpga_blackice_cpu_riscv,ramsize_512,speed_50,protocol_hex,pinmap_generic_e3d216cc10a46d0160323c68cbdf433f.a" -lm -lc -o "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/i2cscanner.ino.elf"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-objcopy" -R .rel.dyn -R .MIPS.abiflags -O binary "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/i2cscanner.ino.elf" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/i2cscanner.ino.bin"
"/home/lawrie/.arduino15/packages/FPGArduino/tools/f32c-compiler/1.0.0/bin/riscv32-elf-objcopy" -R .rel.dyn -R .MIPS.abiflags -O srec "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/i2cscanner.ino.elf" "/tmp/arduino_build_721060/i2cscanner.ino.hex"
Sketch uses 2676 bytes (0%) of program storage space. Maximum is 1015808 bytes.


I have served as a nurse corps officer in the United States Air Force for 27 years. One of my most useful leadership lessons came from understanding the value of failure. This sounds like a totally crazy idea, but knowing how to fail well and, more importantly, using that failure to fuel future successes is an invaluable asset.
All great leaders throughout history had heart-wrenching failures interwoven with amazing success. For example, Abraham Lincoln failed in business twice and was defeated during four state and federal elections. In between these losses, Lincoln won elections to the state legislature, to Congress, and as President of the United States. Going through these sets of failures prepared President Lincoln to lead our nation during one of the most trying times in our nation's history, the Civil War.
Here are five points to remember while leading an organization through failure, with nursing examples for each.
1. A leader is going to make an impact. Choose to make a good one. A positive attitude is essential in leading organizations through failures. John C. Maxwell states, "Remember, the failure is not in the fall. The failure is in allowing our fall to keep us down and to control our lives." Everyone will be watching you. Those under your leadership are depending on you to help guide them through this difficult period. Will you create an environment that fosters cohesion and teamwork or an environment of fear?
Linda, a strong nurse clinician, moved into her first management position. She was bright, articulate, polished, and professional. But Linda was hesitant to directly address Kim's lateness to work and inconsistent documentation. Linda did not like any type of confrontation. When Kim's supervisor began to confront the poor performance, Kim filed a formal complaint alleging favoritism by the unit leadership. The morale and cohesion of the worksite plummeted. Linda was devastated. The director of nursing remembered her own leadership failures and explained to Linda that everyone makes mistakes, but leaders are responsible for finding solutions. Linda met with her director of nursing each week to develop and implement a plan designed to improve communication, accountability, and teamwork. Within a year, the worksite went from chaos to earning a performance award for excellence.
Periods of failure provide great opportunity for leadership to shine. A leader will set the tone for future success or future failure.
2. Don't get caught in the blame game. Get a true picture of the situation through assessment. Discern if the right people are in the right roles.
The director of nursing moved Jeff from a medical/surgical floor to the education and staff development department upon the request of the nurse manager. According to the nurse manager, Jeff was slow and ineffective in providing patient care on the busy medical/surgical unit. The nurse manager blamed Jeff for work backlog and stated that incoming staff resented Jeff. The director of nursing reassigned Jeff to the education and staff development department while she investigated the situation.
Jeff was embarrassed and angry when he reported for his first day of duty at his new job. But after a couple of weeks, he decided to stop feeling sorry for himself, stop blaming others for his situation, and find a way to significantly contribute to the department. Jeff noticed that the new graduate nurses who had arrived on the medical/surgical unit seemed ill-prepared to perform some of the nursing procedures effectively, so he decided to focus on creating a benchmark training program.
As Jeff investigated graduate nurse training programs at other facilities, he met Darrell. Darrell, who was experienced in curriculum development, shared training plans with Jeff. With Darrell's feedback and guidance, Jeff began to create concrete training plans for the graduate nurse training program. Jeff was meticulous in his teaching of nursing procedures. His patience and slow pace created a more conducive training environment for the new graduates. Jeff's students flourished under his instruction, and they praised his clear explanations of nursing procedures. Over time, Jeff became one of the best trainers in the education and staff development section.
Norman Vincent Peale, the founder of Guideposts, said, "Change your thoughts and you change your world." Once Jeff was able to gain control over his discouragement, he was able to focus his thoughts on using his talents and skills to make improvements in nurse training.
3. Provide top cover for your subordinates. Never speak badly about your boss. Maintain the confidentiality of the information your boss distributes. The leader can delegate tasks, but can never delegate responsibility. If something goes wrong, the leader is accountable.
Tara led a task force to develop an electronic health records (EHR) implementation program. She had missed the last four deadlines for the implementation plan. She did not like the EHR software that she had been evaluating and suggested that the organization wait until a better product is on the market. Through her efforts she had discovered a dozen flaws with the product.
Bob, the director of nursing, learned that the executive leadership had signed a contract with the software company to implement the EHR throughout all of the medical sites within the state. Bob's boss criticized the ineffective task force and demanded a plan within the next 2 weeks. Bob assured his boss the plan would be ready by the deadline.
Bob realized that the electronic records task force was out of step with the executive leadership. Bob guided Tara to a course of action to benefit both Tara and the organization. Bob carefully addressed the committee's concerns with the quality of the software. He asked the committee to build the best implementation plan possible that included strategies for mitigating some of the challenges experienced while testing the software. Bob expressed his confidence in the abilities of Tara and the task force to accomplish this plan within a week. Although Tara did not like the electronic medical software product, her committee met the one-week deadline. Because of her efforts, the software company was able to resolve many of the software issues before installation of the product.
Leaders are responsible for what they know. If a leader realizes that a team is not following the vision of the executive leadership, then the leader is responsible to align the actions of subordinates to support the organizational vision.
Jimmy Dean said, "I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination." Your organization hired you to lead, so find a way to make a positive difference.
4. Get out of the office and support your people. Be visible on your units, in the staff lounges, and in the hallways. Leadership is all about serving others. Anytime there is a failure within an organization it impacts everyone.
Mark, the hospital nursing executive, oversaw the infection prevention program for the hospital. Unfortunately, during a survey, The Joint Commission identified three discrepancies involving infection prevention that affected five nursing units within the facility. Mark's first thought was that he was going to get fired. His instinct was to go to his office and close the door. As Mark started to think about the possible ramifications of the inspection findings, he remembered Tina, the infection control preventionist. Tina must be feeling terrible right now. He also thought about all of the unit representatives who attended the infection prevention meetings each month. Mark took immediate action to visit every unit in the hospital. He spoke with staff members in the hallways. He framed the current failure situation as an opportunity to build an even better infection control program.
According to Jayson Demers, "The experience of failure is both enlightening and motivating as long as you view it with the right perspective." Mark knew he needed to spend time encouraging his staff in order to communicate the right perspective.
5. Remember your vision for the organization. If a leader can see a vision, then the leader can find a way to make that vision a reality. The journey leading an organization to success is not a sprint, but a marathon. Help others realize how far you have come as a group and how much closer you are to achieving your goals.
Karen was the primary nurse for 2,500 patients enrolled in a pediatric clinic within a low-income neighborhood. She was frustrated when she learned that the percentage of enrolled 19 to 35 month old children who received recommended vaccinations was 10% lower than the state average.
Elene, the clinic nurse manager, pulled the last 3 years of vaccination data for the pediatric clinic. She discovered that 3 years ago the vaccination rate for those enrolled in the pediatric clinic was only 48%. The vaccination rate had consistently improved to 78% through better education, improved access to resources, and even home health visits by the nurses. Elene reminded Karen that 3 years ago no one thought the vaccination rate could be improved in this neighborhood. Karen had chosen this neighborhood and this job because she wanted to make a positive difference. Karen realized that she was making a difference, one child at a time. Karen was once again able to see the vision for the clinic.
Sometimes it is difficult for nurses involved in daily patient care to understand their contribution to the overall mission. Great leaders will highlight accomplishments that support the organizational vision. The vision will not happen without the efforts of the front-line nurses.
Every great leader has experienced failure. Each failure can produce a better understanding of how to reach the goal, but it takes a lot of tenacity. Although Disney's earliest films are considered by many to be masterpieces, such as Pinocchio and Fantasia, they were financial failures. Yet, Walt Disney persisted in his efforts and laid the foundation for the Disney entertainment giant today. Steven King's first novel, Carrie, was rejected 30 times before it was finally accepted and published. This perseverance led to King's breakout career. Steve Jobs had many personal and professional failures, which resulted in him being kicked out of his own company. But Jobs rebounded when he moved back into a leadership position at Apple to produce breakthrough products—the iPod, iPhone, and iPad.
Periods of failure are never fun, but they can be great learning experiences to mold even better leaders. Each failure is one step closer to gaining success.
Maxwell JC. Think on These Things: Meditations for Leaders: 30th Anniversary Edition. Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press; 2010.
Thomas BP. Abraham Lincoln: A Biography. New York: Southern Illinois University Press; 2008.
Vicki Hughes is an associate professor, department of nursing, in the College of Health Sciences, Appalachian University, Boone, North Carolina.
I like the summarization of why failure occurs & how to rebound from failure. I will share this article. Nicely done!
Very real article. Love that I can relate to all the areas and learn from this.


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'Crown of Whispers (Faerie Lords #5) by Isabella August
'Crown of Whispers' is book five in the Faerie Lords series by the author duo known as Isabella August. The fae fantasy series quickly became a favorite of mine toward the end of last year and I find myself eagerly awaiting new releases to devour. As always, this book did not fail to live up to my expectations.
Beatrice Martel, a tech savvy security expert for hire, is the main character in this story. Like all August's characters, she's flawed in relatable ways, and incredibly easy to like. It's amazing really, it's uncommon for me to continually love all the characters in a series.. but it has definitely been the case with this one.
Dorian Moreau is her ex. A lawyer with an icy exterior, he deals with highly important supernatural clients, extracting and collecting secrets from them along the way. Known as 'The Vault,' he has a unique way of storing and protecting those secrets, that no one entirely understands.
The pair have a complicated history that ended in a vile betrayal. So, when Martel is hired to find a leak in vampire.. Jean Belmont's close network, neither of them is particularly thrilled to be dealing with the other.
I took to Dorian immediately. I wasn't put off in the least by his cold demeanor and sometimes biting words. Largely this is credit to August's ability to give you peeks of the person beneath the surface without actually cracking that facade. The story doesn't suffer for those glimpses, in fact.. it benefits. I found myself wanting to know what really happened between them all those years ago.. and once I did.. I wanted to know why.
There's just something about him even early on, that implies no decision is made lightly. Ever. No action, simply without cause. And admittedly, I believed I had a good idea of the reason. I did, sort of. Right idea, not quite the right source.
Which is another reason I love these books. Even though my intuitions are sharp when it comes to storytelling, August can still surprise me with each new novel.
In a previous review, I mentioned loving the magic system. I'm still wild about that. I know all the arguments against the concept of astrology, but even considering that.. I believe there's something to be said in the study of people who share commonality. Certain times of the year are still prone to certain climates, certain times of the month are still prone to certain tidal patterns, and so on. We cannot live without the nature of our surroundings having some effect on us. That being said.. I love the connections the author has made to the astrological signs.. and as a Scorpio, I was innately pleased to see the witch magic for that sign would hold dominion over blood and darkness.
Even the name Arcadia, the faerie world in this series, is drawn from legends and folktales used throughout history. It's amazing how richly crafted every aspect is, how much detail and research has to have been necessary to include so much.. and it's done in a way that seems almost off-handed. And the more I see of the various realms within Arcadia, the more fascinated I become.
It's pretty apparent that the series is leading somewhere and that too is exciting. There's a growing collective of Faerie Lords that are referred to as 'the Infected' and a collision with the others, at least bit-by-bit.. is inevitable.
I'm already excited for book 6. Get out there and pick this one up!
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WASHINGTON, D.C. (April 2, 2014) – With less than two weeks left until the tax deadline, the Free File Alliance, a nonprofit coalition of industry-leading tax software companies partnered with the IRS, today reminded taxpayers that free, brand-name tax software is available at www.IRS.gov/FreeFile. Through the Free File program, all taxpayers can e-file their federal tax returns or extensions at no cost.
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The Free File Alliance, a nonprofit coalition of 14 industry-leading tax software companies, has partnered with the IRS since 2003 to help low and middle-income Americans prepare, complete and e-file their federal tax returns online. The Free File Alliance is committed to giving 70 percent of Americans free access to the industry's top online tax preparation software. About 40 million returns have been filed through IRS Free File since its inception. For more information, visit www.freefilealliance.org.