text:
Thousands of Afghan Refugee Families Stuck in Limbo With No Sign of Being Housed
Around 7,000 refugees are currently living in UK hotels with no idea when they will be offered a permanent solution to their status.
by Barnaby Papadopulos
October 28, 2021, 2:49pm
Refugees from Afghanistan wait to be processed after arriving on an evacuation flight at Heathrow Airport on August 26, 2021. Photo: Dominic Lipinski - WPA Pool/Getty Images
On the 28th of August, Britain's last military flight left Afghanistan, carrying the last of over 15,000 refugees back to the UK. These refugees, and their families, most of whom had worked for the British military in some capacity over the past 21 years, were ushered into the UK under the banner of "Operation Warm Welcome".
But two months on, at least 7,000 are still living in UK hotels, and don't know when they will be given permanent accommodation.
'Abandoned' Afghans Are Still Risking Their Lives to Escape the Taliban
Barnaby Papadopulos
"We are still in a hotel in Manchester city," Ali, who worked as an interpreter for UK soldiers in Afghanistan for four years, told VICE World News. "The main problem is our children: They have to go to school as soon as possible, they have to learn the language. They told us we could stay here up to the new year."
Ali said that he has been told by officials not to speak to the press, which is why he asked to speak under the condition of anonymity. Additionally, he was warned that keeping a low profile might protect refugees from "some racist people," that might "make trouble for those people coming from Afghanistan."
Rights groups have expressed concern for the mental wellbeing of refugees who are now living in limbo in the UK, unable to fully rebuild their lives without access to their own homes. Professor Sara de Jong – who petitioned for the rights of former interpreters ahead of the evacuation with the group she co-founded, the Sulha Alliance – said that some Afghans had been moved "from hotel to hotel with their young children, without any prospect of permanent accommodation."
"The continued instability and insecurity is affecting their and their families mental health…they need some stability so they can start rebuilding their lives."
Shafi Almas's journey to the UK with his mother, wife, and sister was a traumatic experience. "It was very hard to get out from Kabul," he told VICE World News. "Everything was terrible in that time. I am one hundred percent certain that if we had been caught by them at that time, we would have been killed by them."
For a year in 2009, Alma served as a translator for UK soldiers working in Afghanistan. He says that members of his tribe had passed his details on to the Taliban. "Everyone in my village, in my hamlet, knew about my job," he said. "It's a terrible story."
The Taliban swept across rural Afghanistan over May, before taking a string of provincial capitals over the early summer, pushing aside an Afghan National Army that had been trained by the US-led coalition for over a decade. On the 12th of August, US intelligence officials warned that Kabul might fall to the Taliban, but said it could hold out for 90 days. Militants overran the city just three days later.
Taliban Fighters Enter Kabul As Afghanistan's President Flees
Mitchell Prothero
In the rush to evacuate those who had served alongside foreign forces during Afghanistan's war, some interpreters were left behind. "There were four gates at the airport and a huge rush," said Alma. "At each gate, 5-6,000 people trying to get out." On the 26th of August, a suicide bombing carried out at the airport by the IS–K group killed 180 people.
Alma told VICE World News that he has been staying at a Manchester hotel with 300 other Afghans for over seven weeks, having quarantined in a London hotel after his evacuation in late August.
"I don't know what's going on," he said. "We are waiting from the Home Office. It might be after one month, it might be after two, it's not clear, we don't know."
Alma is also waiting for his indefinite leave to remain status to come through, a UK immigration status that allows the bearer to take up employment or study in the UK without any time limit on their stay. Safi, who has trained as an electrician, says the approval is vital for him to start rebuilding his life. "I'd like to start working as an electrician in the UK," he said.
A spokesperson for the Home Office told VICE World News: "There is now a huge effort underway to get families into permanent homes, and temporarily accommodated in hotels have access to healthcare, education, any essential items they need and employment opportunities."
But the spokesperson also said that local authorities needed "to come forward to provide accommodation for permanent homes so refugees can settle."
However, a representative of Manchester City Council told VICE World News that councils "were not, and are not now managing any of the hotel accommodation nor the longer-term housing. This is being managed by the Home Office."
In a briefing paper shared with VICE World News, the council says that there "is no indication of how long" temporary accommodation will be used to house refugees. "We are therefore planning for this to be some time and are negotiating with the government to ensure our teams and the residents get the support they need."
The Last Women Standing: These Midwives Survived an Attack That Killed Moms and Newborns
Lynzy Billing
To de Jong, the current instability is a hallmark of an evacuation and resettlement process that was rushed, with the speed of Afghanistan's collapse surprising experts. Many former translators for UK forces were only told they were eligible to come to the UK after Kabul collapsed.
She told VICE World News that a "frustrated" caseworker in one local authority had told her that "with the Syrian refugee resettlement scheme, it was much smoother and as soon as they indicated they had accommodation, they got the families assigned."
For people like Ali, Alma, and thousands of others, that wait for a permanent home – and the start of a new life – looks set to go on.
Tagged:refugeesVICE Internationalworldnews
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text: Web application to note and report mileage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


MAXILUBE is an EP (extreme pressure) antifriction metal treatment that may be added to all types of machinery lubricants. Maxilube reduces friction and virtually eliminates wear. Elimination of wear means reduced maintenance and extends the life of your equipment.


text:
FoLRC
Friends of Legal Resource Centre
Posted on January 1, 2018 June 10, 2019 by Deb Winter
WILDEBEESTKUIL LAND CLAIMS COURT CASE – January 1, 2018
The LRC made an application for contempt of court on behalf of the LRC's client, the Wildebeestkuil Land Claim Committee, against the chief and headman, who have been selling their land in spite of a court order preventing them from doing that.
In 1925, approximately 95 families, who lived on the Wildebeestkuil farm, bought the land and began managing it as a collective. In 1950, the apartheid South African government gave a portion of their land to the South African Defence Force (SADF). The government forced the families who lived there to leave behind their church, schools, houses, and fields and to move to another part of the farm where others already lived. That portion became overcrowded with families and cattle died because they lacked sufficient land for grazing. The SADF began allowing other people to build informal settlements on their portion of the land.
In 1998, the Wildebeestkuil Land Claim Committee successfully lodged a claim with the Land Claims Court for the old portion of their land. In 2001, the Regional Land Claims Commission informed the informal settlers on that land that they could not build more housing. However, the chief and headman, who had been appointed during the apartheid years to administer the land, allocated land to outsiders, sold portions of the land, allowed mining to take place, and gave permission for powerlines to be erected. The community wrote to the Commission in 2003 in protest, but nothing was done. In 2009, the Commission invited the claimants to a meeting in Pretoria, but no action was taken. In 2010, the Commission informed the community that they must opt for compensation, but the community pressed instead for the return of their land.
By 2014, the Wildebeestkuil Land Claim Committee asked the LRC for help. By 2015, the chief and headman had agreed to stop allocating land and a surveyor's report had been conducted, estimating that the size of the settlement land under dispute involved about 200 acres and the grazing land involved about 2,100 acres. The Committee agreed to receive compensation for the land used for informal settlements, but they wanted the grazing land returned to them even though the land had been overgrazed and eroded.
The chief and headman continued, however, to sell land to outside people. In September of 2016, the LRC took the chief and headman to court, which resulted in a successful interdict against their actions. The LRC also asked the courts to review the Regional Land Claims Commission's earlier decision not to restore the land to the community. Again, the chief and headman continued to ignore the court ruling. In January 2018, the LRC made an application for contempt of court against the chief and headman.
Sadly, this case is not an isolated one. Although 8.2 million acres have been successfully claimed by communities since the end of apartheid, only 4.7 million of those acres have been transferred successfully to the beneficiaries. Many communities with successful claims are waiting for their land, vulnerable in the meantime to traditional leaders and illegal occupiers.
Next PostNext PUBLIC GATHERINGS LANDMARK RULING BY WESTERN CAPE HIGH COURT – January 24, 2018
©2019 Friends of the Legal Resources Centre of South Africa
FoLRC is a 501(c)(3) Nonprofit organization. Donations are tax deductible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have only encountered a single colony of this orchid in the Esperance region and that is on a gentle slope just below Banksia heath (acid peaty/sand), on a lightly slashed track with sub-surface seepage. There are several dozen plants confined to a thirty metre (100 feet) section, but as this habitat type also occurs elsewhere, it is likely this orchid would also.
There has not been a bushfire in this area for a number of years, but the annual slashing would keep the habitat open and so reproducing at least that aspect of a fire. The habitat is dominated by a vertical, round stemmed sedge of similar dimensions to that of the Tiger Orchid, which means the orchid is largely invisible until it flowers. Fortunately for me these orchids flower reasonably freely, which apparently they don't in other regions in the SW of the State, so at least their flowers of around 10 mm diameter (3/8") and being bright yellow are reasonably obvious, but in more overgrown vegetation (presumably if they would still flower) they may not be.
The Tiger Orchid is a late flowering species, blooming from November to January, with most of my colony during the month of December.


Project 366 2016 Week 17 Day 115-121 with The Boy and Me.
We popped over to Bicester Heritage for their Sunday Scramble event with Iona and her family. The weather was considerably better than the last event in January. We got to see lots of beautiful cars, and Monkey was thrilled to go on a trailer ride pulled by a traction engine. The site is on an old RAF base and Monkey loved seeing all the old hangers and searching for some good hiding places.
After a quick sandwich at home we headed down to see his Beavers in the St Georges Day parade. I'm not sure why it wasn't on the actual day. We made it just in time to see the end of the parade and see his group. Monkey couldn't be persuaded to join in with the free activities so we headed home, via the churchyard to see his grandparents graves. He raced ahead and we found him knelt over the graves chatting away to them both. It nearly made Daddy P cry.
Another week at school. I helped out with some reading first thing and then came hoe to catch up with some jobs. Monkey came home from school having totally wrecked an almost brand new pair of trousers. Holes in both knees – grrrr.
In other news we spent some time observing our Worms, they were on top form today.
Week 3 at Beavers and after not wanting to go on the way there, Monkey came out beaming, he'd got his first badge before he's even been invested. He was very proud of himself.
I finally got round to rearranging our desk AKA the dining table that's rarely used as such, and lives in our lounge. Now instead of facing the wall when I work, I can look out of the patio doors. Finally a desk with a view.
Monkey came home from school and decided to put my maths skills to the test.
I started the Innovo #restorethefloor challenge for Mumsnet. I'm trialling the product for 12 weeks to see if I'll be able to run after Monkey and sneeze with confidence again!
Our sunflowers are coming along nicely. Let's hope this years don't get eaten by slugs when we are on holiday in June.
It turned out to be rather a long night. Monkey had been scared by a picture in one of his library book – cue a very interrupted nights sleep.
We woke up to a frosty morning and the theme stuck for the day. I'd forgotten to set the alarm, so it was a bit of a rushed start to the day. After school we tried out our new Mr Frosty machine, apparently I'm the best Mum in the world right now.
I had Monkey kicking and screaming, not wanting to go to school this morning, and then when he comes out, he's full of smiles and has had a good day. I got some shopping done, and a few job around the house sorted.
We should have been going out for dinner with my eldest niece, but she wasn't feeling well so a last minute change of plan saw Monkey glued to the CBeebies Midsummer's Night Dream performance (again) whilst I sorted something for us to eat. I just love the fact that youngsters are being introduced to Shakespeare.
We spent the day with my ex MIL which is always lovely. There's always lots of chatting, lots of laughter and fun to be had. We spent the day playing with Lego, going out for Pizza and then playing in her local park. The hills there were just too inviting, and Monkey was in fits of laughter, rolling down, running up and rolling down again. Simple pleasures.
Ha ha, I have to say I'm better at hill rolling than N!
It's always a pain when kids are up and down one day to the next. I've had a stroppy one this week, making excuses not to do everything!
Wow your sunflowers are doing well, ours haven't come up at all yet, think we need to buy new seeds! That looks like a fantastic hill for rolling down.
I've almost given up trying to keep my boys' clothes free from holes (stains). Looks like those sunflowers are coming along very nicely!
We have been playing with Mr Frosty this week too. Lots of fun to be had there.
I keep seeing those Mr Frostys everywhere and I think it may be a sign for me to get one. Your boy looks like he loves his maths!! I think we may have a budding love of maths here too.
Rolling down a hill is so much fun. We used to do it as kids in Roath Park, then my boys did and now the grandsons will be trying it too.
Hill rolling is a great past time, and my kids loved it as well.
He seems happy to be doing his maths.
Great photo of the worm.


CHANDIGARH, JULY 3: The Punjab Governor and Administrator, Union Territory, Chandigarh, Mr. Shivraj V. Patil today presided over a high level meeting of senior officers of the Chandigarh Administration and asked them to ensure the supply of onion and potato at reasonable rates by checking hoarding of these essential items.
Mr. Patil asked the officers of Food & Supply, Department and Manimajra Cooperative Society to install at least four more stalls at different visible locations in the City like 'Apni Mandi' to sell onion and potato at controlled rates. He also asked them to arrange Mobile Van to sell these items from sector to sector and also make announcement to create awareness among the general public. He asked them to maintain record of arrival of Onion & Potato and their Retail and Whole rates.
The Administrator said that three Sub-Divisional Level Committees have already been constituted comprising SDM, SHOs, Inspector Food Supply, Mandi Supervisor and Marketing Supervisor to check the rates and storage of these items.
The Administrator also give directions to the Police Department to make surprise checking in civil to check the storage and rates of these items.
Mr. Balbir Singh Dhol, Joint Secretary Agriculture Marketing Board ensured the Administrator that they will work as per his expectations and also apprised him that we are receiving Onion from Rajasthan, Nasik and Indore while local and Pahari Potatos. He said in the coming days the arrival of these items will increase and the rates of these items will further reduce.
Prominent amongst others who were present on the occasion included Principal Secretary to Governor, Mr. M.P. Singh, Home Secretary, Mr. Anil Kumar, Finance Secretary, Mr. Sarabjit Singh, SSP, Mr. Sukhchain Singh Gill, SDM, Mr. Danish SDM, Mr. Kashish Mittal.


text:
Get Paid for Treating Men Like Shit Through the High Art of FinDom
Joanna Rothkopf
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA—There are many noble professions—doctors save lives, scientific researchers answer important questions, firefighters fight fire. But few are as noble as financial domination, or FinDom, the art of insulting and humiliating men and then making them pay for it.
At last week's Adult Entertainment Expo, I met Goddess Haven (@Haven_TheGreat on Twitter), a professional (and seemingly successful) financial dominatrix based in Orlando. From her website: "I am everything you work hard for, your wish come true, your fantasy turned into reality, your ruler, your GODDESS."
Financial domination is a D/s (dominance and submission) fetish where the power exchange is "through financial transactions": the submissive client, called a pay pig or cash pig, will offer gifts and other payments to the Domme, in exchange for various forms of humiliation, a power dynamic I am enthusiastic about signing up for.
Haven posts clips via IWantClips.com, a kind of Patreon of porn, where people can host and sell their work, and also offers a variety of services, including humiliation—10 minutes costs $30, a half hour costs $100—where she'll "remind you losers how low you are, how you'll never amount to anything and so forth," teamviewer, where she takes control of your computer, JOI (jerk off instructions), and financial slavery, among others. She explains on her website, "A pay pig's goal is to keep me happily spoiled. If you can't do that, don't apply for a spot in my pen."
A pay pig's goal is to keep me happily spoiled. If you can't do that, don't apply for a spot in my pen.
In our conversation, Haven explained that FinDom isn't just a highly efficient (and cool as hell) way of getting money. "When I first started, I was really, really insecure, and as I progressed, hearing those positive affirmations every day, like, 'Oh, I'm beautiful, you could never have me,' and then having guys agree is a serious confidence boost."
But like any interaction in which the power dynamic is in harsh focus, FinDom isn't completely without risk. One writer in Huck Magazine briefly engaged in a findom relationship, in which a man pressured her into receiving gifts, which she began to find uncomfortable. "To some extent," she writes, "he liked the idea of me depending on him. And the money wasn't really a gift at all—it was a transaction. He was attempting to buy my time, to buy my attention, and the ability to involve me in his fantasies." The article also gets into "time wasters"—something Haven told me she also had encountered loads of—who will try to engage without actually sending money. Haven also told me (and other dommes echoed this to Topic) that the market has become fairly saturated, with a lot of women posting #findom requests on Twitter, but few putting in the work to cultivate their small businesses.
Watch the video above for Haven's tips on getting into FinDom (consensually, consistently, and with joy—otherwise it's just like any other job!), how she earned $42,000 in a day from one guy, and what's next for her (she's investing in real estate).


text:
Alfredo Urdaci FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
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Who is Alfredo Urdaci? Biography, gossip, facts?
Alfredo Urdaci (born 1959) is a Spanish journalist.
When is Alfredo Urdaci's birthday?
Alfredo Urdaci was born on the 22nd of December 1959 , which was a Tuesday. Alfredo Urdaci will be turning 62 in only 333 days from today.
How old is Alfredo Urdaci?
Alfredo Urdaci is 61 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 22266 days or (even more geeky) 534384 hours. That's a lot of hours!
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Alfredo Urdaci? Is there a Alfredo Urdaci action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Alfredo Urdaci right here.
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Alfredo Urdaci's zodiac sign is Capricorn.
The ruling planet of Capricorn is Saturn. Therefore, lucky days are Saturdays and lucky numbers are: 1, 4, 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 22 and 26. Brown, Steel, Grey and Black are Alfredo Urdaci's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Capricorn include: Aspiring, Restrained, Firm, Dogged and Determined. Negative character traits could be: Shy, Pessimistic, Negative in thought and Awkward.
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Alfredo Urdaci was born in Spain.
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Scuba diving in Kingston a year-round activity
Jolson Lim/For the Whig-Standard
For recreational scuba divers during colder months, booking a trip to the Caribbean would see them swimming in nice warm waters and exploring coral reefs. Dipping into Canadian waters in December would seem like the last thing divers might want to do.
But Kingston boasts enough opportunities for scuba divers to explore the underwater that some local divers swim year-round — including on days when temperatures dip below zero.
"If it were by choice, I think we'd all head to the Caribbean," joked Mike Hill, one of about two dozen Kingston-area recreational scuba divers who still swim in the colder winter waters.
Nevertheless, Hill and some of his diving buddies go scuba diving on a weekly basis almost year-round. A day after Kingston's first winter snowstorm on Dec. 29, he walked, wearing all his gear, through the snow and slowly into the water off Macdonald Park with his friend Gaetan Grondin. The water temperature was at about 6 C, cold enough for swimmers to get hypothermia.
"The fact that we haven't had any ice yet is a big plus," Hill said. "When we get ice on the lake, there's a challenge. … Once you can't break through from beneath and you can't walk on it safely, you sort of have a period where you can't dive safely except by breaking it from shore."
Hill and Grondin are out to explore "KGH," a sunk barge named after Kingston General Hospital, about 1,000 feet off the shore. If a wreck can't be identified, it's named after the closest institution on land.
Before entering the water, a diver has to be fed and hydrated. Drink too little and it could affect how you perform underwater. Drink too much and you have to urinate before you suit up.
"There's also a third option," Hill said, pointing to an apparatus on his dry suit that allows for divers to pee while underwater. "But when you're not properly hydrated, it can be an exacerbating factor for some of the dive injuries that some people sustain."
Scuba diving can be a dangerous activity. Several people have died in the past 10 years diving in the region. Hill said the hazards can increase during the winter.
"It's obviously advantageous if the diver is more experienced because there is a slightly smaller potential for problems to occur with your equipment," Hill said.
And equipment issues do occur, especially when the air temperature is colder than the water temperature, which usually levels off at 1 to 2 C underwater. Hill stops diving when the air temperature dips 10 degrees below freezing.
"Once you emerge from the water on a day like today or colder, then you run the risk of zippers freezing up, laces on boots freezing up and you can't actually get out of your gear," he said. "What most of us do is carry some warm water and we can use that to de-ice ourselves."
But once scuba divers get past the cold water and equipment issues, winter diving has unique perks.
"In the summer, the lake tends to suffer from algae bloom. That reduces visibility certainly in the first 50 to 60 feet considerably," he said. "In the winter, that's all gone. The weeds that grow up during the summer in the first 15 feet of the waterline and so on tend to die off."
For Christopher Haslip, who operates local dive shop Explore Diving alongside his father, that could mean better chances of discovering something new.
Haslip said he finds "just about everything" underwater — centuries-old bottles, coins and items people throw out.
"Being that it's just after Christmas, a lot of people put old Christmas trees in the water as well. I'm expecting like a week after New Year's Day they start showing up again," he said. "It is kind of a good thing in a way because a lot of fish will use that in the spring to spawn around and use for protection."
Hill said divers can discover unusual biological activity as well. He once swam upon hundreds of lake shad swimming close to the Kingston shore in the winter — a beautiful sight and favourite memory, he said.
A winter diver's equipment and clothing usually consists of a dry suit with hood, scuba equipment, a compressed air tank, an air and water pressure gauge, a cutting tool, flashlight, a mask, an audio and visual warning system including a whistle, and a weight vest to help level buoyancy. Hill also wears electrically heated underwear. All of that can weight from 60 to 120 pounds, he said.
He compared the buoyancy system to a fish's "swim bladder."
But getting in and out of the water is perhaps the most difficult task for winter diving.
"That process in Kingston is probably the most hazardous and most problematic of all. The lakeshore is almost exclusively of a broken rocky nature," he said.
The rocks can be extra slippery if there's algae, snow or ice.
"You place each foot very carefully, you test your weight on the foot and then move to the next one," Hill said, acknowledging he falls often.
Although Hill, 64, said scuba diving had been a lifelong ambition, he didn't take up the activity until a vacation to Cyprus in 2001. Since making Kingston his home in 2005, he's dived into winter waters about 200 times. Before that, he served in the British military.
"With all the wrecks and things here, and a lot of experienced buddies to draw on, there was the opportunity and I kind of came and seized it," he said.
There are dozens of points to go diving in Kingston, and it's a place boasting "phenomenal underwater heritage," Haslip said.
Near Fort Henry, divers can find boats dating back to the War of 1812. Among the best places in Kingston to go diving is near Portsmouth Harbour, where many wrecks lie underwater.
The Kingston area and Tobormory on the Bruce Peninsula are Ontario's most popular destinations for divers. Hill estimates Kingston's diving community consists of 400 to 500 people, though some don't go diving in Kingston.
Haslip, who has been diving in Kingston since 1996, doesn't mind diving into water in colder temperatures, but he acknowledged the winter plunge isn't for everyone.
"Most people keep their dives to half an hour to 45 minutes in the wintertime, depending on their comfort level," he said. "Sometimes it can go over an hour, depending on the depth in the summertime, but it is a lot of knowing yourself, knowing how your body reacts to the colder water and being able to be comfortable with it."
Haslip's gone winter diving more than 100 times in his life, continuing his passion for scuba diving even after he lost a foot to a gangrene infection.
Hill said his favourite part of diving is instructing newer divers and that each dive can be different.
"And when you think about it, the planet is 70 per cent water and yet a lot of people never really see anything besides the surface."


text:
Q: windows crosscompiling from linux entry point not found curl_easy_cleanup could not located I am unsure of what could be causing this as I have tried recompiling libcurl and using pre-compiled binaries.
My compiler command
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -Wall -Lwin-lib -Iwin-lib -I./ -D WIN32 -D CURL_STATICLIB -mwindows ... -o win-export/SLM.exe -lm -lraylib -ltmx -lxml2 -lzlibstatic -lcurl

There aren't any compiler errors or linker errors. Is this a problem with my compiler? Or one the other libraries I am using?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.spacetimecat.web.http.io;

import com.spacetimecat.web.http.syntax.*;
import com.spacetimecat.io.EmptyInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;

/**
 * <p>
 *     Parse requests.
 * </p>
 */
public final class HttpInput
{
    private final int maxLineLength;
    private final InputStream input;

    public HttpInput (int maxLineLength, InputStream input)
    {
        this.maxLineLength = maxLineLength;
        this.input = input;
    }

    public Line readLine ()
    {
        final byte[] buffer = new byte[maxLineLength];
        final int length = readLineTo(buffer);
        if (length == 0) { throw new EndOfInputException(); }
        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, 0, length);
        final CharBuffer charBuffer = StandardCharsets.US_ASCII.decode(byteBuffer);
        return new Line(charBuffer.toString());
    }

    public HttpRequest readRequest ()
    {
        final HttpRequest x = new HttpRequest();
        x.header = readRequestHeader();
        x.body = new EmptyInputStream();
        return x;
    }

    public HttpResponse readResponse ()
    {
        final HttpResponse x = new HttpResponse();
        x.header = readResponseHeader();
        x.body = new EmptyInputStream();
        return x;
    }

    public RequestHeader readRequestHeader ()
    {
        final RequestHeader result = new RequestHeader();
        final RequestLine requestLine = readRequestLine();
        final Collection<HeaderLine> headerLines = readHeaderLines();
        result.valid = requestLine.valid && headerLines.stream().allMatch(HeaderLine::isValid);
        result.requestLine = requestLine;
        result.headerLines = headerLines;
        return result;
    }

    public ResponseHeader readResponseHeader ()
    {
        final ResponseHeader result = new ResponseHeader();
        final StatusLine statusLine = readStatusLine();
        final Collection<HeaderLine> headerLines = readHeaderLines();
        result.valid = statusLine.valid && headerLines.stream().allMatch(HeaderLine::isValid);
        result.statusLine = statusLine;
        result.headerLines = headerLines;
        return result;
    }

    private Collection<HeaderLine> readHeaderLines ()
    {
        final Collection<HeaderLine> headerLines = new ArrayList<>();
        for (;;)
        {
            final Line line = readLine();
            if (line.isSeparator()) { break; }
            final HeaderLine headerLine = line.asHeaderLine();
            headerLines.add(headerLine);
        }
        return headerLines;
    }

    private StatusLine readStatusLine ()
    {
        final Line line = readLine();
        return line.asStatusLine();
    }

    public RequestLine readRequestLine ()
    {
        final Line line = readLine();
        return line.asRequestLine();
    }

    private int readLineTo (byte[] buffer)
    {
        int count = 0;
        for (;;)
        {
            final int b = read();
            if (b < 0) { break; }
            if (count >= buffer.length) { throw new BufferOverflowException(); }
            buffer[count] = (byte) b;
            ++count;
            if (b == '\n') { break; }
        }
        return count;
    }

    private int read ()
    {
        try
        {
            return input.read();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
        }
    }
}


This is a list of media files for the game Mario Kart 7.
Mario Kart 7 - The game's main theme.
Online Waiting Room - The game's theme as heard in the game's first trailer. It's a metal version of the Mario Kart 64 title theme (which in its turn is a variation of the Super Mario Kart title theme), and is used as the "Online Waiting Room" theme in-game.
Credits - The theme played during the credits.
Honeybee Hive - The music for the Honeybee Hive battle course.
Sherbet Rink - The music for the Sherbet Rink battle course.
Wuhu Town - The music for the Wuhu Town battle course.
This page was last edited on February 1, 2019, at 20:37.


Included in this lot are. MTMTE Issues 2 pages 6, 16 & 17 (first appearance of SKIDS) inked and signed by fan favorite artist Alex Milne! MTMTE Issue 12, Page 16 (First Aid, Chromedome, Tailgate) Pencil, signed by Brendan Cahill!
RID Issue 16, pg 14 Pencil (Megatron merging with Devastator) signed by artist Andrew Griffith! RID Issue 20, pg 14 Inked, Starscream and Scoop, signed by Griffith! RID Issue 22, pg 14 Inked, Soundwave and his cassettes, Shockwave and Jihaxis, signed by Griffith! RID Issue 29, pg 14 Inked, Arcee, Kup, Sideswipe, Skylynx (Shuttle mode), Prowl, signed by Griffith! DC pg 8, Inked, Metroplex, Magnus, Windblade Signed by Griffith!
DC Pg 11, Inked, Prowlvastator Signed by Griffith! DC pg 16, Inked, Megatron, Bumblebee, Metal Hawk, signed by Griffith! DC pg 20, Inked, Brainstorm, Bludgeon, Skids, signed by Griffith!
DC Pg 21, Inked, Brainstorm, Bludgeon, Magnus, Signed by Griffith! FREE PRINT, CYCLONUS and TAILGATE, signed by Artist Brendan Cahill. All pages are clean, crisp, kept safe in portfolio and come from a smoke free, no-child household.	This is a GREAT opportunity for new buyers to start their collection off right! Don't pass it up! The item "IDW Transformers Original comic Book Page Art Lot!
Milne, Griffith, Cahill" is in sale since Saturday, June 03, 2017. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Comics\Original Comic Art\Interior Pages".
The seller is "anpthiew" and is located in Cedarburg, Wisconsin. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Russian federation, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica.


text:
Desde lejos no se ve es el segundo DVD del grupo musical de Argentina Los Piojos. Sacado a la venta a mediados de mayo de 2007, cuenta con los recitales dados en el estadio de Vélez Sársfield, los días 22 y 25 de mayo de 2004, en el estadio de River Plate, el 20 de diciembre de 2003 ante más de 70 mil personas, y en el estadio de Ferro, el 22 de octubre de 2004 ante más de 30 mil personas.

Lista de canciones

 «Intro» / «Himno Nacional Argentino» [Estadio de Vélez Sarsfield]
 «Desde lejos no se ve» [Estadio de Vélez Sarsfield]
 «Ay ay ay» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Quemado» (con fragmento de «No te pongas azul» de Sumo) [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Chac tu chac» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Dientes de cordero» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Llevatelo (Zapada)» (con Pappo) [Estadio de Vélez Sarsfield]
 «Amor de perros» (con Mimi Maura) [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Langostas» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «El farolito» de [Estadio de  Vélez Sarsfield]
 «Cruel» [Estadio de Ferro]
 «Como Alí» [Estadio de Ferro]
 «Fijate» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «Canción de cuna» [Estadio de River Plate]
 «No parés» (con Pappo) [Estadio de Vélez Sarsfield]
 «Tan solo» [Estadio de River Plate]

Premios y nominaciones

Extras
 Grabación de «Al desierto» [Estudio Del Cielito Records].
 Grabación de «Entrando en tu ciudad» [Estudio Del Cielito Records].
 Grabación de «Canción de cuna» [Estudio Del Cielito Records].
 «Como Alí» (Video musical).
 Partido de metegol con el Pupi Zanetti.

Véase también
 Divididos
 Catupecu Machu
 La Renga
 Indio Solari y los Fundamentalistas del Aire Acondicionado

Referencias

Álbumes de Los Piojos
Álbumes de rock en español
Álbumes de rock de Argentina
Álbumes de 2007

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 the Group had assets which constituted collateral for repayment of liabilities. The assets secure mainly correct performance of facility agreements. The amounts of the collateral are limited to the amount of the loan liability as at the balance sheet date. Detailed information about the liabilities secured by the said assets is presented in Note 21 of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Blank promissory notes up to PLN 39,512 thousand, securing proper performance of the subsidy agreements for the investment projects executed by the Parent Company.
Blank promissory notes issued under concluded guarantee limit agreements up to PLN 120,000 thousand. The limits under the aforementioned agreements are available to the Parent Company and other Group companies. The granted limits were secured by blank promissory notes together with promissory note declarations; each of them could be completed up to the limit amount provided that each company under the granted limits is liable only up to the amount of the guarantees issued on its order. As at 31 December 2017, the amount of the guarantees issued by the Group, secured by the said promissory notes was PLN 71,812 thousand. The utilization of the guarantee limits was presented in Note 33 of these Consolidated Financial Statements in the item Guarantees issued by banks on the Group's order.
Blank promissory notes issued by subsidiaries to secure guarantee limit agreements under which they could order guarantees to secure customs debt. As at 31 December 2017, the amount of the guarantees securing customs debt was PLN 21,000 thousand. The amount of utilization of the facility was presented in Note 33 of these Consolidated Financial Statements in the item Guarantees issued by banks on the Group's order.
Blank promissory notes up to PLN 93,842 thousand constituting collateral under the leases concluded by subsidiaries. As at 31 December 2017, the amount of liabilities under the leases secured by the said promissory notes was PLN 55,798 thousand. The amount of the leasing liabilities was presented in Note 22 of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


Turbo-Mailer lets you set up and send out bulk email like newsletters or personalized circulars efficiently with ease.
Turbo-Mailer lets you set up and send out bulk email like newsletters or personalized circulars efficiently with ease. Turbo-Mailer is very simple to use, though it provides powerful best-in-class options. Special highlight is a email list processor supporting formulas for. Parallel multi-threaded SMTP ensures optimal transfer speed.
Writes professional log files (successful and refused email addresses).


The Pininfarina Tribute event at Hurtwood polo club, Surrey, was filmed by Storm and Light Pictures in June 2013 and commissioned by sponsors Brokersclub AG. Highlights included the event special guest, Paolo Pininfarina unveiling the new concept car "Sergio" in honour of his father, legendary designer of over 100 car models, Sergio Pininfarina who passed away in July 2012.
Also featured was the inaugural Brokersclub Polo Cup and two days of music headlined by Club Owner, Kenney Jones (drummer with Small Faces, Faces, The Who) and the Guinness Book Of Records award for the most Pininfarina designed cars in one place. Eric Clapton's unique SP12 EC sat alongsideother Ferraris amongst 147 exclusive Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Bentley models.


text:
Home About Medtronic News Celebrating Earl Bakken
Celebrating Earl Bakken
Legendary Medtronic co-founder passes away in Hawaii.
Omar Ishrak and Earl Bakken
October 2018 - Medtronic co-founder Earl E. Bakken, a pioneer in medical technology whose inventions impacted the lives of millions of people around the world, passed away Sunday in Hawaii. He was 94 years old.
"All of us at Medtronic are saddened today by the news of Earl's passing," said Omar Ishrak, chairman and CEO of Medtronic. "Earl was a true pioneer in healthcare and his vision of using technology to help people still inspires us today. We are privileged to continue the work that he started over 60 years ago and we remain fully committed to all six tenets of the Mission that he crafted so many years ago."
Earl was a true pioneer in healthcare.
– Omar Ishrak
The garage where Medtronic began
Bakken turned a childhood fascination with electricity into Medtronic, the world's largest medical device company. Along with brother-in-law Palmer J. Hermundslie, Bakken founded the company, which grew from a struggling operation in a Minneapolis garage to a multinational medical technology corporation. In the late 1950's, Bakken developed the first external, wearable, battery-powered, transistorized heart pacemaker, and commercialized the first implantable pacemaker in 1960. Medtronic grew rapidly from there; today its medical products and devices improve the lives of two people every second.
And it all started because young Earl Bakken was fascinated by Frankenstein.
I had an uncle who was an electrician, and he kept telling my mother, 'you've got to stop that child from playing with that electricity, he's going to kill himself.
– Earl Bakken
The Historic Heights Theatre in Columbia Heights in 2008
In the early 1930's, at age eight, Bakken and his friends regularly attended Saturday matinee movies at the Heights Theatre in Columbia Heights, Minn., not far from the present day operational headquarters of Medtronic.
He remembered being captivated by actor Colin Clive's portrayal of the mad scientist. "What intrigued me the most, as I sat through the movie again and again," Bakken later recalled, "was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein's electricity. Through the power of his wildly flashing laboratory apparatus, the doctor restored life to the un-living."
Young Earl Bakken in the family basement
By age 9, Bakken's fascination with electricity led to a phone system stretching across the street to a friend's house. Later, among his many childhood inventions, he built a radio from a crystal set and a five-foot-tall robot that could blink and speak.
At his confirmation in 1937, the minister told young Bakken to "use science to benefit humankind," and that message resonated with him the rest of his life. "I recognized later that was my spiritual calling," Bakken said in 2008.
Earl Bakken working at the original Medtronic
After serving as a radar instructor in World War II, Bakken earned a degree in electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota.
In grad school, Bakken did part-time work repairing delicate lab equipment at Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis. Demand for his services grew, and on April 29, 1949, Bakken and Hermundslie formed a business partnership and called their company Medtronic.
My satisfaction, and I think the satisfaction and success that a lot of our people at Medtronic feel, is the success we have had in seeing patients restored to full life.
Hunter Mauston poses with his external pacemaker
The business struggled, but while servicing medical equipment, Bakken and Hermundslie built relationships with doctors at university hospitals in Minneapolis. There they met C. Walton Lillehei, a young staff surgeon who would later become famous for pioneering open-heart surgery. Following a blackout in the Twin Cities that caused the death of an infant, Lillehei asked Bakken to come up with a solution. He responded by adapting a circuit described in Popular Electronics magazine to create the first external wearable, battery-powered pacemaker, replacing the large, alternating current-powered pacemakers that were in use at the time.
The Garage Gang
Standing: Dale Blosberg, Norman Hagfors, Earl Hatten. Seated: John Bravis, Earl Bakken, Louis Leisch
They expanded services to other medical technology. Then in 1960, the first implantable pacemaker was implanted in a human patient. Bakken and Hermundslie reached a licensing agreement with the inventors, giving their small company exclusive manufacturing and marketing rights to the device, and Medtronic took off.
Earl Hatten was employee number eight at the tiny company. "The thing I liked about Mr. Bakken, and the thing that I think helped Medtronic grow was that he had the ability to pick good people to do a job and then he got out of their way and let them do their job. A lot of CEOs can't do that and the companies don't grow," Hatten said.
Through the decades that followed, Medtronic grew exponentially, refining its heart devices and expanding into other medical businesses such as diabetes treatment, brain surgery and spine therapy. The company now employs more than 86,000 people around the world.
Medtronic Operational Headquarters in Fridley, MN
Bakken was at the helm for 40 years, retiring as Medtronic chairman in 1989.
"We didn't set out to be the world's largest medical device company," Bakken said. "We just wanted to make a lasting positive change in patients' lives."
Every Medtronic employee receives a medallion engraved with the Medtronic Mission
Bakken maintained close contact with the company throughout his retirement, and his legacy within Medtronic will forever be the Medtronic Mission.
In 1960, Bakken wrote a mission statement for Medtronic that has remained intact, word for word, ever since. In part, it reads: "To contribute to human welfare by application of biomedical engineering in the research, design, manufacture and sale of instruments or appliances that alleviate pain, restore health and extend life."
Earl is one of the greatest visionaries in the history of medicine.
– Bill George
Former Medtronic CEO Bill George and Earl Bakken
"Earl always had a vision of healthcare of not being about devices, about drugs, but about restoring people to full health," said former Medtronic CEO Bill George. "And so from the very start he was focused on not implanting a device, but enabling people to live a full active life and he delivered that point of view to all Medtronic employees through The Mission. Earl is one of the greatest visionaries in the history of medicine," George said.
In retirement, Bakken set out to fulfill that mission in new ways.
Earl at The Bakken Museum
In 1975, he founded The Bakken Museum, a nonprofit library, museum and education center in Minneapolis. The Bakken Museum is devoted to the history of electricity and magnetism and their uses in science and medicine.
In 1994, Bakken built a home in Hawaii, where he became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Five Mountain Medical Community as it developed the North Hawaii Community Hospital.
He helped to establish Tutu's House, a community resource center promoting careers, education, and effective health outcomes, and the Kohala Center, which concerns itself with scientific resources an education.
Bakken was also involved in several other philanthropic ventures include the Na Kalai Waa Moku O Hawaii, Friends of the Future, and the Imiloa: Astronomy Center of Hawaii.
A lifelong aspiration came true for Bakken in 2013, when Medtronic Philanthropy launched The Bakken Invitation to honor people who received medical devices, and who made an impact on the lives of others, through service and volunteerism. Bakken, who in his later years became a medical device patient, with a pacemaker, coronary stents and insulin pump, was fond of asking patients what they planned to do with their gift of "extra life." Each year Bakken met with the honorees. "Their stories are a powerful reminder that we can all give back-no matter our current situation," he said after meeting them in 2014.
Earl with Bakken Invitation recipients in 2013
Every year in December, Medtronic employees gather to mark another Bakken inspiration — the employee holiday program. The company invites patients from all over the world to share their stories of how medical technology has improved their lives. Hundreds of employees fill the Medtronic conservatory for the event, while thousands of others listen or watch via Medtronic TV.
To be around him is inspiring.
– Ron Brown
Ron and Judy Brown with Earl Bakken
Ron Brown, who received his first Medtronic pacemaker in 1972, was among the first patients to speak at the holiday program. Every year for 40 years, Bakken read Brown's Christmas letter to the assembled employees. Brown and Bakken, patient and inventor, became friends.
"The man has been an inspiration for so many young people," Brown said in 2014. "I mean — to be around him is inspiring. You know that he's constantly thinking and trying to solve problems and when he was developing the company, when he formed it, his thought of better health was always on his mind. And that inspiration for others to develop that idea is as great as what he accomplished."
Earl with five-year-old pacemaker recipient Lyla Koch in 1984
In his later years, Bakken was asked to reflect on his legacy. "When you put it all together and you see a person fully restored – physically mentally, spiritually – from what we have done. What better career could anyone think of?" he said.
Medtronic will host a program for employees to celebrate Bakken's life and accomplishments. A date has not yet been set.
Bakken was born to Florence and Osval Bakken on January 10, 1924, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is survived by his wife, Doris J. Bakken, sister Marjorie Andersen of Avon, IN, children Wendy Watson and husband Warren of New Brighton, MN, Jeff Bakken and wife, Linda Shaw of Orono, MN, Bradley Bakken and wife Mary of Orono, MN, Pamela Petersmeyer and husband Jeff of Prior Lake, MN, step-children Ramona West of Waikoloa, HI, and David Marshall and wife Linda of Rice, MN, eleven grandchildren, three step-grandchildren, and eight step-great-grandchildren.
To all those who our co-founder inspired, thank you for sharing your stories with us.
READ MESSAGES ABOUT EARL
Share how Earl touched your life by submitting your memories and photos.
By submitting an email you are giving approval to share your message publicly.
We are Driven
by The Mission.
Read the Medtronic Mission
Bakken Invitation Award Recipients Honored
Fortune Names Medtronic Among "Most Admired Companies" in 2018
Medtronic Named One of the World's Leading Innovators
University of Minnesota Renames Two Health Centers in Honor of Medtronic Co-Founder Earl Bakken
The Bakken Museum - Inspiring a passion for innovation to make the world a better place
Meaningful Innovation: Our commitment to improving patient lives around the globe.
Read How
Last Updated November 2018


text:
Chicago, Illinois is a major center for music in the midwestern United States where distinctive forms of blues (greatly responsible for the future creation of rock and roll), and house music, a genre of electronic dance music, were developed.

The "Great Migration" of poor black workers from the South into the industrial cities brought traditional jazz and blues music to the city, resulting in Chicago blues and "Chicago-style" Dixieland jazz.  Notable blues artists included Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Howlin' Wolf and both Sonny Boy Williamsons; jazz greats included Nat King Cole, Gene Ammons, Benny Goodman and Bud Freeman. Chicago is also well known for its soul music.

In the early 1930s, Gospel music began to gain popularity in Chicago due to Thomas A. Dorsey's contributions at Pilgrim Baptist Church.

In the 1980s and 1990s, heavy rock, punk and hip hop also became popular in Chicago. Orchestras in Chicago include the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago and the Chicago Sinfonietta.

Blues

Chicago's music scene has been well known for its blues music for many years. "Chicago Blues" uses a variety of instruments in a way which heavily influenced early rock and roll music, including instruments like electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes the saxophone or harmonica, which are generally used in Delta blues, which originated in Mississippi. Chicago Blues has a more extended palette of notes than the standard six-note blues scale; often, notes from the major scale and dominant 9th chords are added, which gives the music more of a "jazz feel" while still being in the blues genre. Chicago blues is also known for its heavy rolling bass. The music developed mainly as a result of the "Great Migration" of poor black workers from the South into the industrial cities of the North, such as Chicago in particular, in the first half of the 20th century.

Chicago is one of the places where the faster, juicier boogie-woogie emerged from the blues. The most renowned early recordings of boogies were made in Chicago with Clarence Pinetop Smith, who might have been influenced by the brothers Hersal Thomas and George W. Thomas from Houston, who were together in Chicago in the 1920s.

Chicago blues and boogie music continues to be popular today with the annual Chicago Blues Festival, and with appreciation of many musicians such as Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and Willie Dixon; guitar players such as Tampa Red, Buddy Guy, Bo Diddley, Elmore James and Lefty Dizz; and "harp" (blues slang for harmonica) players such as Big Walter Horton, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson I, Syl Johnson, Charlie Musselwhite, Paul Butterfield, Junior Wells, and, most notably, James Cotton.

House

House music originated in a Chicago nightclub called The Warehouse. Chicago house is the earliest style of house music. While the origins of the name "house music" are unclear, the most popular belief is that it can be traced to the name of that club. DJ Frankie Knuckles originally popularized house music while working at The Warehouse.

House music was developed in the houses, garages and clubs of Chicago, and was initially for local club-goers in the "underground" club scenes, rather than for widespread commercial release. As a result, the recordings were much more conceptual, and longer than the music usually played on commercial radio. House musicians used analog synthesizers and sequencers to create and arrange the electronic elements and samples on their tracks, combining live traditional instruments and percussion and soulful vocals with preprogrammed electronic synthesizers and "beat-boxes".

House, perhaps more than any other form of black music, has birthed many offshoots and spread its sound far and wide. The prevalence of four on the floor beats in dance music is largely derived from house. It has influenced, in some capacity, Garage house, Jungle music, Eurodance, Electropop, Dubstep, and even certain elements of Alternative rock and Hip hop.

Important musicians in the Chicago house scene include Adonis, Mark Farina, Keith Farley, Felix da Housecat, Fingers Inc., Ron Hardy, Larry Heard, Steve 'Silk' Hurley, Marshall Jefferson, Curtis Jones, Paul Johnson, Frankie Knuckles, Lil' Louis, Jesse Saunders, Joe Smooth, Julius the Mad Thinker and Ten City

The city is host to the Chicago House Music Festaval, the event is held at Millennium park in the late summer.

Jazz

The Chicago style

The "Chicago style" of jazz originated in southern musicians moving North after 1917, bringing with them the New Orleans "Dixieland" or sometimes called "hot jazz"  styles.

King Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton became stars of the Chicago jazz scene. King Oliver in particular brought Louis Armstrong to Chicago in 1922 while he was performing at the Dreamland Café with his "Creole Jazz Band". More importantly, white musicians, or "alligators", attended Oliver's performances in order to learn how to play jazz. Louis Armstrong's recordings with his Chicago-based Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five and Hot Seven band came out in the years 1925 to 1928 and were popular with both black and white audiences. These recordings marked the transition of original New Orleans jazz to a more sophisticated type of American improvised music with more emphasis on solo choruses instead of just little solo breaks. This style of playing was adopted by white musicians who favored meters of 2 instead of 4. Emphasis on solos, faster tempos, string bass and guitar (replacing the traditional tuba and banjo) and saxophones also distinguish Chicago-style playing from New Orleans style. When Chicago musicians started playing 4 beat measures, they laid the foundation for the swing era.  The Lindy Hop was originally danced to 4 beat Chicago style jazz and went on to become one of the iconic features of the swing era.

Important musicians in the Chicago style include
Lovie Austin,
Muggsy Spanier,
Jimmy McPartland,
Bix Beiderbecke,
Eddie Condon,
Bud Freeman,
Benny Goodman,
Gene Krupa,
Frank Teschemacher, and
Frank Trumbauer.
The gangsters of Chicago engaged profiled musicians like Earl Hines, whose benefit was to lead an orchestra in one of the city's top locations. Armstrong was also friendly with gangsters, such as Al Capone who frequently paid for private use of jazz clubs. Hines and Benny Goodman emancipated from Chicago style when they became two of the most famous band leaders of the swing era.

Two decades later, original Chicago-style pianist Art Hodes presented the classic jazz style in a TV show series.

Modern Chicago jazz

From the mid 1960s to the present day the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians has nurtured "Great Black Music: Ancient to the Future".

Chicago's jazz scene includes the annual Chicago Jazz Festival which has its origins in the 1970s. Festival performers have included Miles Davis, Sonny Rollins, Ornette Coleman, Benny Carter, Ella Fitzgerald, Anthony Braxton, Betty Carter, Lionel Hampton, Chico O'Farrill's big band, Jimmy Dawkins, Von Freeman, Johnny Frigo, Slide Hampton, and Roy Haynes.

Musicians from all surviving eras of jazz perform regularly in the city, release recordings, and tour nationally and internationally.

Sinyan Shen, internationally known for his Shanghai classical repertoire and Shanghai jazz performances based on tonal interests and just intervals, is based in Chicago.

Musicians still performing today who originally came to prominence in the bebop and hard bop eras include Von Freeman and Jimmy Ellis, both contemporaries of former Chicagoan Johnny Griffin.

Members of Chicago's Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians working regularly in the city include Fred Anderson, Ernest Dawkins, Aaron Getsug, and Isaiah Spencer.  Since the 1960s, members of the organization have performed their version of "Great Black Music" throughout the world.

Innovative jazz musicians who have come to public attention since the early 1990s include Marbin, David Boykin, Karl E. H. Seigfried, Jeff Parker, Joshua Abrams and Jim Baker.  Common to many of this new generation is an embrace of a wide variety of styles and techniques.

Soul
During the mid-1960s to the late 1970s a new style of soul music emerged from Chicago. Its sound, like southern soul with its rich influence of black gospel music, also exhibited an unmistakable gospel sound, but was somewhat lighter and more delicate in its approach, and was sometimes called "soft soul".

Popular R&B/soul artists from Chicago include The Impressions, Sam Cooke, Curtis Mayfield, Lou Rawls, The Five Stairsteps, The Staple Singers, Earth Wind & Fire, Rufus, Chaka Khan, Dave Hollister, The Emotions, The Chi-lites, R. Kelly, Carl Thomas, and Jennifer Hudson. Chicago soul labels, including Vee-Jay, Chess Records, OKeh, ABC-Paramount, Brunswick, and Curtom, established a major presence in R&B/soul music.

Vee-Jay Records

Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll. The label was founded in Gary, Indiana in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken (shortly after moving to Chicago), a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vee-Jay hold historical significance being one of the first African American and female owned record companies.

Chess Records

Chess Records was an American record company established in 1950 in Chicago, specializing in blues and rhythm and blues. It was the successor to Aristocrat Records, founded in 1947. It expanded into soul music, gospel music, early rock and roll, and jazz and comedy recordings, released on the Chess and its subsidiary labels Checker and Argo/Cadet. Chess was based at several locations on the south side of Chicago, initially at South Cottage Grove Ave. The most famous was 2120 S. Michigan Avenue, from May 1957 to 1965, immortalized by the Rolling Stones in "2120 South Michigan Avenue", an instrumental recorded there during the group's first U.S. tour in 1964. The building is now the home of Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation.

Rock

In 1965 Chicago's burgeoning pop rock horn sound moved into national exposure with the brass arrangements in early recordings by The Buckinghams, who recorded their first hits at the historic Chess Studios. Their horn sound was followed quickly and expanded upon substantially by the rock band Chicago, originally named the Chicago Transit Authority. Other popular Chicago-based bands from the 1960s and 1970s include Shadows of Knight, Cryan' Shames, The Buckinghams, The Flock, Ides of March, New Colony Six, Mason Proffit, Styx, Survivor, REO Speedwagon (Champaign) and Cheap Trick (Rockford).

As documented in Michael Azerrad's Our Band Could Be Your Life, the 1980s independent music scene was alive and well in Chicago. Some of the more famous punk and "post-punk" products originating from the city were Naked Raygun, The Effigies, 88 Fingers Louie, Big Black, The Queers and Screeching Weasel, with punk legend Patti Smith also born in the city. Many of these bands would become major precursors to pop punk (Screeching Weasel and The Queers) and post-hardcore (Big Black and Naked Raygun). At this time Steve Albini (of Big Black) also began his prolific recording engineer work with acts both local and national. The Victims represented Chicago on the New Wave scene.

The 1980s punk scene eventually gave way to the 1990s alternative rock boom with artists like Local H, Eleventh Dream Day, Ministry, Veruca Salt (the band Seether is named after their song Seether), My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, Material Issue, Liz Phair, Urge Overkill, LaTour, The Tossers, The Jesus Lizard, and The Smashing Pumpkins gaining fame. Many of these bands got their career started at noted alternative music venues Metro (originally Cabaret Metro) and Lounge Ax, and later on influential alternative music station Q101. Alternative icons Eddie Vedder (Pearl Jam), Kim Thayil (Soundgarden), Adam Jones (Tool), and Tom Morello (Rage Against the Machine) also attended school in the area. In the late 1990s, along with Milwaukee, WI and Champaign-Urbana, IL, Chicago also supported a healthy midwestern emo/post-hardcore scene that included Cap'n Jazz, Braid and American Football.

Since the late 1990s/early 2000s, Chicago has also become a major force in the American heavy metal scene including a handful of deathcore, death metal and industrial metal groups supported and promoted by indie labels like Wax Trax! Records among others. Bands such as, Disturbed, SOiL, From Zero, No One, Ministry (band), Dance Club Massacre, Born of Osiris, Veil of Maya, Macabre, Oceano and Lovehammers hail from the Chicago area.

Since the 2000s Chicago has remained a hotbed for independent music. Being home to a number of independent record labels such as Touch and Go Records, Thrill Jockey Records, Bloodshot Records, Drag City Records, Victory Records and Hozac Records, Chicago continues to have one of the most active indie scenes in the United States. The area is home to the foundations of American hardcore punk, alt-country, noise rock, industrial music, and many other independent music scenes.

Contemporary bands with ties to Chicago include Wilco, Tortoise, The Sea and Cake, Califone, The Greenskeepers, The Mekons, Smith Westerns, Andrew Bird, Umphrey's McGee, Neko Case, and Matthew & Eleanor Friedberger of the Fiery Furnaces. The 2000s have also seen many punk/pop/rock bands from the Chicago area attain national success, including Disturbed, SOiL, Alkaline Trio, Kill Hannah, The Academy Is, Rise Against, The Audition, Spitalfield, Chevelle, the Plain White T's, and OK Go.

Fall Out Boy, from Wilmette, Illinois, has been the most commercially successful band to come from the Chicago area in recent years, scoring 4 #1 albums on the Billboard Hot 200.

Despite the scene's frequent distaste for local politics, city funding has allowed Chicago to become America's premier music festival city, hosting popular indie headliners such as Superchunk, Black Francis, Pavement, The Flaming Lips, Spoon, De La Soul, Mos Def, Isis, Olivia Tremor Control and Junior Boys. It has also hosted music festivals such as Pitchfork Music Festival, Lollapalooza (since 2005), Chicago Blues Festival, Alehorn of Power, Riot Fest, and a free weekly Monday music series called "Downtown Sound", at Millennium Park's Jay Pritzker Pavilion.

Chicago's music scene varies from neighborhood to neighborhood, but overall has a large focus on independent music due to its influences from local record stores and local radio stations WXRT-FM and Loyola University Chicago's WLUW.

Chicago is home to media tastemakers Pitchfork Media, The Onions The A.V. Club, Consequence of Sound, the nationally syndicated Sound Opinions radio talk show, and CHIRP, a community radio station providing the internet with independent music. The station also bids for support to convince the United States Congress and the FCC to remove existing barriers to low power FM radio licenses in urban areas.

Hip-hop/rap

The hip hop of Chicago is sometimes called "Chi-town" in the music industry. It became commonplace for serious rappers to cite the Nation of Islam, a Black Muslim organization headquartered in Chicago, as a lyrical and ideological influence in the 1980s and 1990s, a rap theme often resulting in controversy.

Kanye West's first album was nominated for Grammy Award for Album of the Year and won Best Rap Album. Lupe Fiasco's 2006 album Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor was a #1 selling rap album.

Today, Chicago is well established within the hip hop industry. Drill music was also born in Chicago.

Gospel
Chicago artists and impresarios have been important in the development of the Gospel music genre.  Its origin and rise in popularity is mainly due to the "godfather of Gospel music", Thomas A. Dorsey. Dorsey began his career as a blues pianist, but later began composing religious music to the rhythms of jazz and blues, later calling it "Gospel". His most popular song, "Precious Lord, Take My Hand", was a favorite of Martin Luther King Jr., and was sung by Mahalia Jackson by his request at his funeral. Many other artists have recorded their own renditions of "Precious Lord", including another Chicago Gospel artist, Albertina Walker. Dorsey influenced other Chicago Gospel artists such as The Caravans and Little Joey McClork.

Tired of the treatment he received in other music publishing houses, Dorsey founded his own called Dorsey House of Music.

Music historians often cite Pilgrim Baptist Church in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood as the birthplace of Gospel music. Originators of the genre, including James Cleveland, The Staples Singers, and the Edwin Hawkins singers, have performed there.

Other instrumental members in the Gospel music movement were Roberta Martin, Sallie Martin, Kenneth Morris, and "Little Lucy" Smith.

The influences of jazz and blues have been replaced with more contemporary influences such as hip hop music, rap, and rhythm and blues.

Chicago is home to the annual GospelFest where traditional and contemporary Gospel choirs perform.

Rev. Milton Brunson and The Thompson Community Singers originated in Chicago. Dr. Charles G. Hayes and Rev. Dr. Clay Evans both had chart-topping choirs in Chicago. Urban contemporary gospel artists such as Ray and Percy Bady, Darius Brooks, Ricky Dillard & New Generation Chorale, Joshua's Troop, New Direction, Shekinah Glory Ministry, and VaShawn Mitchell all have had Gospel hits and hail from Chicago and its surrounding suburbs.

Music venues and institutions in Chicago

Venues

The Chicago area has many music venues, which include:

 Arcada Theater Building, in St. Charles
 Aragon Ballroom
 Arie Crown Theatre
 Auditorium Theatre
 Bottom Lounge
 Huntington Bank Pavilion
 Chicago Shakespeare Theater
 Chicago Theatre
 City Winery (Chicago)
 Civic Opera House
 Congress Theater
 Constellation
 Copernicus Center (Chicago, Illinois)
 The Cubby Bear
 Drury Lane Theatres, in several locations
 The Empty Bottle
 FitzGerald's Night Club, in Berwyn
 Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre
 Goodman Theatre
 Green Mill Cocktail Lounge
 Harris Theater
 The Hideout Inn
 Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (Tinley Park, Illinois)
 Horseshoe Casino Hammond, in Hammond, Indiana
 House of Blues (Chicago)
 Hungry Brain
 Irish American Heritage Center
 Jay Pritzker Pavilion
 The Jazz Showcase
 Kingston Mines (blues club)
 LaSalle Bank Theatre
 Lincoln Hall
 Logan Center of the Arts
 Marriott Theatre, in Lincolnshire
 Metro
 North Shore Center for the Performing Arts, in Skokie
 Old Town School of Folk Music
 Park West
 Petrillo Music Shell
 Portage Theater
 Ravinia Park
 Riviera Theatre
 Rosemont Theater, in Rosemont
 Sears Centre, in Hoffman Estates
 Soldier Field
 Evanston S.P.A.C.E., in Evanston
 Symphony Center (home to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chicago Sinfonietta)
 Thalia Hall
 UIC Pavilion
 United Center
 The Vic Theater
 Woodstock Opera House, in Woodstock

Former venues included:

 Amazingrace Coffeehouse
 Avalon Regal Theater
 Central Music Hall
 Checkerboard Lounge
 Double Door
 Earl of Old Town
The Exit
 The Fireside Bowl
 Gate of Horn
 Heartland Cafe
 Lounge Ax
 Regal Theater, Chicago
 Theresa's Lounge
 The Warehouse
  The Forum

Institutions
 Merit School of Music
 Music Institute of Chicago
 Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music, in Evanston
 Old Town School of Folk Music

See also

 Chicago Blues
 Chicago Blues Festival
 Chicago hardcore
 Chicago house
 Chicago Jazz Festival
 Chicago record labels
 Chicago Soul
 Chicago theatre
 Culture of Chicago
 History of Chicago
 List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago
 List of musicians from Chicago
 List of songs about Chicago
 Media in Chicago
 Music of Illinois
 Wax Trax!

References

External links

City of Chicago

American music history
 Music Of Chicago
Jazz culture
Chicago


text:
Inmate who died asleep suffered heavy blows
By Ethan Tang | April 25, 2009, Saturday | Print Edition
A DETAINEE who reportedly died in a detention house after having what the detention officials said a nightmare had suffered heavy blows to the head, an autopsy shows.
Li Wenyan, 50, died in a detention house in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, on March 27.
A forensic expert surnamed Zhao found in Thursday's postmortem that Li had been struck by a sharp object and had several scars on his forehead, according to Wuhan-based Chutian Metropolis Daily. Further tests are being carried out.
The autopsy was conducted in Jiujiang's morgue by experts from the Public Security Bureau of Jiangxi Province. Li's family, who were present, had asked for the autopsy to be conducted by experts from another province.
Li was arrested by police for stealing cables in January. According to a guard in the detention house, Li's roommate found him crying in fear at midnight on March 27. The police sent him to a hospital where he was pronounced dead shortly afterward.
The detention authority told Li's family later he died unexpectedly after having a nightmare. But Li's brother, Li Wenpu, questioned that explanation.
The detention house suggested the injury was caused during a card game with other inmates. A vital section of a security video could not be shown to the family because of a computer error, the detention house said. Zhao said he could not tell at this stage whether the injuries could have been self-inflicted.
There have been reported 15 "unnatural" deaths in detention houses this year. Seven were beaten to death.


text:
Brow Beat
Ariana Grande Straddles Earth, Pleasures a Hurricane in Her "God Is a Woman" Video
By Christina Cauterucci
Ariana Grande, about to do unspeakable things to that hurricane.
At this year's Met Gala, a tribute to the aesthetics of the Catholic Church, Ariana Grande wore a Vera Wang gown with an allover print of The Last Judgment, Michelangelo's fresco at the Sistine Chapel. Jesus Christ, whose second coming the painting depicts, took pride of place on a panel in the very center of the gown's bodice, rising between Grande's ribs as if she'd birthed him herself.
Grande takes the analogy one step further in her video for "God Is a Woman," a new single she dropped on Friday. The song itself is nothing special—it hews so faithfully to her other tracks that her entire repertoire has been stuck in my head all day—but the video is a truly mind-melting mash-up of galactic and religious imagery. Grande is front and center throughout, a deity-slash-giant, and at the end, she places herself in another Michelangelo work: "The Creation of Adam." This time, she plays the part of God herself, opposite a black woman in the role of the first human to walk the planet.
There are an album's worth of messages crammed into this mid-tempo jam, all of them about as subtle as a butt-length ponytail. At one point, as Grande sings to her lover that "nobody else can relate" to her, as a crew of dumpy, pocket-sized white men throw physical insults that literally bounce off her body. (It's at once funny and sad to see the slights she chose to use, which include "hoe," "fake," "annoying," and "adult baby.") Later on, she dons a cat-ear helmet and over-the-elbow gloves that say "POWER" on them as she swings a big mallet to break the glass ceiling (!) of an official-looking rotunda. Oh, wait! That's not a mallet—it's a gavel.
The clever, nuanced imagery continues in the many references to female genitals throughout the video. After the glass ceiling breaks, Grande hugs herself and swings her hips between a giant pair of spread legs in stiletto heels, the area where a crotch should be obscured by rays of sunlight. Another scene finds her straddling Earth, gently stroking Canada's Northwest Territories before finger-banging a hurricane brewing over Nunavut, fake nails and all. I was so moved by this queering of North American weather systems, I made a gif about it.
Christina Cauterucci/Giphy
If you're surprised to see so much overt sexuality in a video about God, don't be. The theology Grande lays out in "God Is a Woman" is deeply rooted in her own sexual competence. "You love it how I touch you," she sings in the chorus. "My one, when all is said and done / You'll believe God is a woman." In other words, she's so good at sex, she automatically converts her partners to the spiritual doctrine of womanhood! The female god Grande envisions is mostly a benevolent one—in addition to pleasuring the Earth, she reigns over a crowd of disciples who writhe around in foam, sits peacefully among the planets with her hands pressed into a yonic shape, and, ever so gently, hula hoops an entire galaxy.
Forrest Wickman/Giphy
If Grande's interpretation of the cosmos is correct, we should be thankful that the woman pulling the strings wears something more interesting than a baggy robe. In 1995, Joan Osborne asked, "What if God was one of us?" With Grande, the more pertinent question is, "What if God wore Madonna's cone bra?"
Ariana Grande joins up with Cerberus in "God Is a Woman."
The most uncanny scenes in "God Is a Woman" look like they were ripped from Ava DuVernay's film adaptation of A Wrinkle In Time: Grande walks a tightrope over amber waves of grain, using planets as balloons to keep her steady; Grande gyrates in silhouette in the center of a rather vaginal candle flame, framed in a heavenly bank of clouds. In DuVernay's very bad movie, Oprah appears as an ethereal, larger-than-life guardian figure, watching over the child protagonists from the sky. Though Grande imagines a far more erotic and fertile godhead in her video, both figures exude femininity, warmth, and calm.
But there's one part of the video that should give viewers pause as they prepare to bless the way of their divine, miniskirted creator: The groundhogs. Midway through "God Is a Woman," the music cuts out, and a dozen groundhog puppets poke their heads out of holes in a stretch of barren desert, their eyes empty and wide. The one closest to the camera (the lead groundhog?) lets out two earsplitting screeches for no apparent reason. The other 'hogs act like nothing out of the ordinary is happening. And then the song just … picks back up?
What could it mean? The most likely answer is that the groundhog is issuing two primal screams on behalf of all living creatures, warning us that having a sexy God whose legitimacy rests in her abilities as a lover isn't all it's cracked up to be. Lest humans be distracted by Grande's naked body in a pool of pastel paint, the rodents remind us that it might be cool to have a God who stops natural disasters in their paths instead of manually stimulating them.
Ariana Grande Celebrities Music Religion Video
Christina Cauterucci is a Slate staff writer.


text:
import sys, gzip

# Read the google file.
google_f=open(sys.argv[1], 'rb')
[total_words, _dim]=[int(e) for e in google_f.next().strip().split()]
google_wordset=set([row.strip().split(" ")[0] for row in google_f])
google_f.seek(0); google_f.next()
assert len(google_wordset)==total_words

def count_and_print(f, l):
    c=0
    for e in l:
        f.write(e)
        f.write("\n")
        c+=1
    f.close()
    return c

# Read the PPDB file
ppdb_wordset=set(word.strip() for word in open(sys.argv[2], 'rb'))
def print_to_output(wf, word, arr):
    wf.write(word)
    for num in arr[1:]:
        wf.write("\t")
        wf.write(num)
    wf.write("\n")
    return

def stuff(google_f, wf, google_wordset):
    g_wordlist=[]
    outputted_words={}
    for row in google_f:
        arr=row.strip().split(" ")
        word=arr[0]
        tword=word.replace("_", "-").lower()
        assert word in google_wordset, word
        # Basically their can be words like ZURICH and Zurich
        # in the google corpus. Which one do I pick ?
        # I could average but that's not really any better than just
        # picking the first one I see and rejecting the rest. so
        # that's what i am doing here.
        if word in ppdb_wordset:
            g_wordlist.append(word)
            outputted_words[word]=None
            print_to_output(wf, word, arr)
        elif (tword in ppdb_wordset) \
                and (tword not in google_wordset) \
                and (tword not in outputted_words):
            g_wordlist.append(tword)
            outputted_words[tword]=None
            print_to_output(wf, tword, arr)
        else:
            g_wordlist.append(word)
    google_f.close()
    wf.close()
    return g_wordlist

with gzip.open(sys.argv[3], 'wb') as wf:
    g_wordlist = stuff(google_f, wf, google_wordset)

g=set(g_wordlist)
print "In Both ", len(g.intersection(ppdb_wordset))

print "In Google not in PPDB", \
    count_and_print(open(r"res/in_google_not_in_ppdb", "wb"), \
                                 g-ppdb_wordset)

print  "In PPDB not in Google", \
    count_and_print(open(r"res/in_ppdb_not_in_google", "wb"), \
                                 ppdb_wordset-g)


text:
IN FOCUS: Reaction to USDA's genetically-engineered wheat news
U.S. Wheat Associates vice president of communications Steve Mercer discusses the ramifications of USDA's May 29 announcement.
Andy Vance 1 | May 30, 2013
Responding to media reports that Japan had suspended imports of U.S. wheat, U.S. Wheat Associates said the industry had not received official word Thursday of any disruption in trade following USDA's announcement of an investigation into genetically-enhanced wheat discovered in a single Oregon field. An official from Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (MAFF) told multiple U.S. news agencies that the country would temporarily halt imports of U.S. white and feed wheat until more was known about the situation.
Steve Mercer, vice president of communications with U.S. Wheat Associates, told Feedstuffs that Japan did cancel an order for white wheat in its regular tender, but did proceed with its purchase of other U.S. wheat varieties. According to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service, Japan is the top export destination for U.S. wheat, purchasing nearly 1.7 million metric tons from October 2012 through March 2013.
Mercer stressed that the alleged discovery of genetically-enhanced wheat, while concerning, was not a food safety issue, and should not disrupt export of U.S. wheat. During its announcement Wednesday, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service said there was no evidence that any unapproved wheat varieties made it into commerce; the wheat samples involved in the investigation were obtained from "volunteer" wheat that had overwintered in a single field.
Listen to Mercer's comments via Feedstuffs In Focus, the podcast of big news in agriculture.