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hCG Tumor Marker
To help diagnose and monitor gestational trophoblastic disease or germ cell tumors
When your symptoms suggest gestational trophoblastic disease or germ cell tumors; to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions; to monitor for recurrence
A blood sample drawn from a vein
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone, made up of an alpha and beta subunit, that is produced by the placenta and normally is only measurable during pregnancy. Some abnormal tissues, tumors, and cancers, however, may also produce hCG, making the hCG test useful as a tumor marker. This test measures the amount of intact hCG, and sometimes the beta subunit of hCG, in the blood.
An increased level of hCG is seen with gestational trophoblastic disease and some germ cell tumors (benign and cancerous). If hCG is increased with these conditions, then the hCG test can be used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool.
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of tumor types that develop in a woman's uterus from the layer of cells surrounding an embryo that creates the placenta during a normal pregnancy (trophoblasts) and produces hCG. GTD usually occurs at the beginning of pregnancy after an egg has been fertilized, but instead of supporting the growth of a fetus, the cells form abnormal tissue masses. In most cases, the tumors are benign, but in a small percentage of people, they are cancerous. According to the American Cancer Society, GTD occurs in about 1 in 1,000 pregnancies. It can also occur after a normal pregnancy or after a miscarriage or abortion. The primary forms of GTD are:
Hydatidiform mole – also called a "molar pregnancy," which may be complete (only tumor tissue) or a mixture of tumor and fetal tissue but does not develop into a viable baby; these are usually benign but must be surgically removed.
Invasive mole – a hydatidiform mole that grows into the uterus wall; it must be surgically removed; however, the condition can persist if GTD tissue remains.
Choriocarcinoma – a rare cancer that may develop from the GTD tumor tissue in about 2 to 7 per 100,000 pregnancies; these cancers can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor – also rare, this tumor arises at the site of placental attachment in the uterus. This tumor usually develops after a normal or aborted pregnancy but doesn't often spread through the body.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor – extremely rare, this tumor is similar in nature to the choriocarcinoma but is now considered a separate disease. It may take many years after a pregnancy for this tumor to be detected and may have already spread to other parts of the body.
Note: With appropriate treatment, the cure rate for most GTD is very high. For more on this, see the links in the Related Content section below.
Germ cell tumors and cancers occur primarily in the ovaries and testicles but can also rarely develop in other locations such as the chest.
Germ cell tumors can occur in the egg-producing cells of the ovaries and are more often seen in younger women (for more, see Ovarian Cancer).
Germ cell tumors can affect cells within the testicles that make sperm and account for more than 90% of testicular cancers (for more, see Testicular Cancer).
Levels of hCG may also be elevated in other diseases such as liver, breast, lung, skin, and stomach cancers. Increased levels may also be seen in non-cancer conditions such as cirrhosis, duodenal ulcer, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing, often called beta hCG (βhCG), measures the amount of hCG present in the blood. It may be used to help diagnose gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) or, with other tests such as AFP and lactate dehydrogenase, to help diagnose germ cell tumors.
Since hCG is not normally present in men or non-pregnant women, it is useful as a tumor marker. If the tumor or cancer is producing hCG, then the hCG test can be used to help detect and monitor tumor activity.
When testing hCG as a tumor marker, unlike detecting pregnancy, it is important to measure the intact (alpha + beta subunits) form of hCG. There may be some benefit to also measuring the beta-subunit of hCG in certain tumors, and different labs will detect intact and βhCG differently. For this reason, it is very important to continue to use the same lab when monitoring GTD or germ cell tumors.
A quantitative hCG test may be ordered when a healthcare practitioner suspects that a person may have gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) or a germ cell tumor due to the person's clinical presentation, signs and symptoms.
In women, signs and symptoms of GTD may include:
Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
Fatigue related to anemia (if blood loss is significant)
Abdominal swelling that may happen more rapidly than with a normal pregnancy
Pre-eclampsia early in the pregnancy
Nausea, vomiting that may be more severe than with a normal pregnancy
A positive pregnancy test (qualitative hCG) but no fetus is seen on ultrasound
A uterus that remains enlarged after a pregnancy
Signs and symptoms of a germ cell tumor in women and men are similar to those of ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, respectively.
If a person is diagnosed with one of these conditions and the hCG is initially elevated, then the test will be ordered at intervals to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to detect tumor recurrence.
In men and in non-pregnant women, the hCG level is normally undetectable.
When the test is used as a tumor marker, an elevated hCG level may mean that an individual has a germ cell tumor or gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
A high level of hCG occurs in both GTD and normal pregnancy. However, hCG rises at a constant and predictable rate, doubling approximately every 36-48 hours in early normal pregnancy. Levels of hCG in GTD show altered rates of production and, paired with imaging such as ultrasound, can identify abnormalities in the pregnancy requiring intervention. Alternatively, the hCG levels may be much higher than expected in normal pregnancy or not show the expected decrease after pregnancy or abortion/miscarriage.
During treatment for GTD or a germ cell tumor, a falling hCG level generally indicates that the condition is responding to treatment (approximately 50% decrease expected every 1.5 days), while persistent or rising levels may indicate that it is not responding to therapy. An increased hCG level after treatment may indicate a recurrence of disease.
False-positive serum hCG results may occur due to the presence of certain drugs such as anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian agents, hypnotics, and tranquilizers that may interfere with the test. In addition, certain types of antibodies that may be present in some individuals and fragments of the hCG molecule, if present, can also interfere with test results. Generally, if results are questionable, they may be confirmed by testing with a different method.
Rarely, an hCG test may be ordered to help diagnose and monitor tumors and cancers other than GTD or germ cell tumors.
Can urine be tested instead of blood?
If hCG is elevated in the blood, then it will be elevated in the urine, but the results are not interchangeable. Blood is the preferred sample for tumor testing.
Can gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) be prevented?
No. Other than to avoid becoming pregnant, GTD is not preventable since GTD is associated with pregnancy. However, since it is rare, most women will never have the condition. Since GTD can be detected soon after conception in most cases and successfully treated, it is rarely considered a significant cause to avoid pregnancy.
Can I have a normal pregnancy after having GTD?
Yes, in most cases, although you will be at a higher risk of having GTD again. After treatment for GTD, you will need to wait for a period of time as advised by your healthcare provider before becoming pregnant again.
I heard that some athletes may be tested for hCG. Why is that?
Some athletes, including professional and international athletes, must submit to tests that detect steroids and other performance-enhancing substances. These athletes are often tested throughout their careers to ensure that no 'doping' occurs. Urine tests can detect about 200 compounds, including steroids and other anabolic substances, erythropoietin, and substances that cause false-negative results (masking agents) to hide illicit substance use. Sports organizations specify which compounds they might be looking for by doing a complete screen.
Some athletes who use steroids take beta-hCG to reverse shrinking of their testicles, which can be a side effect of steroids. Thus, some athletes may be tested for hCG to help identify steroid use. (For more on this, see the article on Drug Abuse Testing.)
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Gestational trophoblastic disease
American Cancer Society: What is Gestational Trophoblastic Disease?
American Cancer Society: Can Ovarian Cancer Be Found Early?
American Cancer Society: Tests for Testicular Cancer
National Cancer Institute: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Treatment
National Cancer Institute: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Treatment
National Cancer Institute: Testicular Cancer Treatment
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hydatidiform mole
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Tumor Marker
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD)
2018 review performed by Kristin Hauff, PhD, FCACB, Interior Health Laboratories BC.
Sisinni L., Landriscina M. (2015) The Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as Tumor Marker: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects. In: Scatena R. (eds) Advances in Cancer Biomarkers. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 867. Springer, Dordrecht.
Nwabuobi C, et al. (2017) hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Science. 18(10) pii: E2037. Available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2037/htm. Accessed October 2018.
Stenman U., Alfthan H. (2013) Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 27(6); 783-793.
Sokoll L.J., Rai A.J., and Chan D.W. (2012) Tumor Markers. In: Burtis C.A, Ashwood E.R and Burns D.E. (eds) Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 5th edition Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
Braustein GD, Buster JE, Soares JR and Gross SJ (1983). Pregnancy hormone concentrations in marijuana users. Life Science 33(2): 195-9.
Braustein GD, Thompson R, Gross SJ and Soares JR (1983). Marijuana use does not spuriously elevate serum human chorionic gonatotropin levels. Urology 25(6): 605-6.
Montagnana M., et al. (2011) Human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancy diagnostics. Clinica Chimica Acta 412(17): 1515-1520. Available online at http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/cancer-management-guidelines/gynecology/gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia#Diagnosis-Gestational-Trophoblastic-Neoplasia. Accessed October 2018.
(2004). Germ Cell Tumors: Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. Specialty Laboratories, Use and Interpretation of Laboratory Tests, Books [On-line information]. Available online at http://oncology.specialtylabs.com/books/display.asp?id=544.
American Cancer Society. What is gestational trophoblastic disease? Available online at http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/GestationalTrophoblasticDisease/DetailedGuide/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-what-is-g-t-d. Accessed March 2011.
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007333.htm. Accessed March 2011.
Enrique Hernandez, MD, FACOG, FACS. Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279116-overview. Accessed March 2011.
Farinde, A. (Updated 2014 July 2). Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). Medscape Drugs & Diseases [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2089158-overview. Accessed September 2014.
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(Modified 2014 April 25). General Information About Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. National Cancer Institute [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gestationaltrophoblastic/HealthProfessional. Accessed September 2014.
(Modified 2014 July 11). General Information About Testicular Cancer. National Cancer Institute [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/testicular/HealthProfessional. Accessed September 2014.
Zhang, Y. (2013 March 13). Tumor Markers: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). Clinical Chemistry Trainee Council Pearls of Laboratory Medicine [On-line information]. Available online through http://www.aacc.org. Accessed September 2014.
Hussain, F. et. al. (Updated 2012 August 1). Gynecologic Tumor Markers Tumor Marker Overview. Medscape Drugs & Diseases http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/269839-overview. Accessed September 2014.
Storck, S. (Updated 2012 November 8). Hydatidiform mole. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000909.htm. Accessed September 2014.
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Join Ann Dailey, Dickinson Master Gardener, as you explore the edible gardens and living landscapes on campus.
Join Ann Dailey, Dickinson Master Gardener, as you explore the edible gardens and living landscapes on campus. Learn about the gardens' inspirations, how students and faculty can interact with them and insights into the native and non-native plant species that make up our campus landscape. This event is part of the "Exploring Our Place Series," which is designed to create experiential learning opportunities for students, faculty and staff to come together and learn about places, processes and people. Participants will be encouraged to broaden their sense of place through hands-on learning. All are welcome. No pre-registration is necessary.


The Communications Department of The Chapin School seeks an individual with at least four years of experience to fill the position of Communications Coordinator. The primary responsibilities of this full-time position consist of creating editorial and visual content for Chapin's website, printed publications and marketing materials. The position reports directly to the Director of Marketing and Communications.
The individual we seek must be an excellent writer; extremely organized; familiar and comfortable with web duties outlined; and able to work in the fast-paced environment of an independent K-12 school. The position offers an excellent opportunity for professional growth in a collaborative environment.
All applicants must submit a cover letter, résumé, and two writing samples and include "Communications Coordinator" in the subject line when writing to communications@chapin.edu. Submissions without writing samples will not be considered. Please indicate you learned of the opening through NAIS.


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Yep, the same watch as in the advert up top. Made in 1968 or thereabouts, this was the cheaper baby sister to the Accutron, and it has a Japanese made movement made by Citizen. This is a hybrid between a regular windup watch and an all electric one, having a complete movement minus power spring. Instead of a spring it has a tiny motor. The battery is a standard 1.5 volt affair, still available today. I opened the watch and removed the dead battery which may well have been the original one, since it had the name Caravelle engraved right on it! For $2 I got a pack of 5 alkaline cells, and installed one in the watch. At first it didn't run, but that was due to the bottom of the cell shorting out against the innards. I put tape on the base of the battery and cut a small slot for the contact, then replaced it in the watch. It started up and has been keeping perfect time ever since. It ticks like a windup watch, too. The question is, which watch proved to be the better one in the long run?
Here's the Accutron. It said waterproof, and it was – I swam with it for years. I wish I could get a cheap battery for it.
no stem, it's on the back!
I took the shell off to clean and adjust this one. The automatic ribbon reversal mechanism on the right side was jamming so the ribbon would get taut at the end and not reverse. After some examination I saw the problem, and fixed it by filing off the point on the plate attached to the ribbon flipper, so it no longer hit the arm it was supposed to push over and thereby flip ribbon direction. Aside from that I blew out the dust and gave it a spray of silicone lube. It's from Britain, and has many fractions but no exclamation mark. How British – no exclamations… only stiff upper lips, hmmm? I get great results with Olympia portables (the baby ones) by using old mylar ribbons. I drop the spool onto one side and thread the ribbon onto the opposite spool without going through the flipper gates. Half the mylar will fill up one regular empty spool, after which it can be turned over and reused on the bottom section. I've tried mylar on some other typewriters and it doesn't work well on every machine, but works perfectly on these.
We visited the garden last week to look again at the plot and think about what would have to be done to get it ready for planting. Margie said we needed a pitchfork. Then we got to talking about the patron saint of gardeners, St. Fiacre. He's also the patron saint of taxi drivers from an odd twist of fate having to do with where taxis used to come from in Paris, near the Church of St. Fiacre. Fiacre was born in Ireland in the 9th century, and his brother and he both became saints. So we began joking about St. Fiacre, as if he might be listening.
Jokingly about divine intervention we hit a few thrifts but didn't see one pitchfork, although I did see an alpine ice axe. As we left I noticed a man buying it. No serious mountaineer would trust his life to a used ice axe; that I am certain of, as I am also certain the man was therefore no serious mountaineer. That made me wonder what he was going to do with it. Maybe he had a garden and planned to use the cutting end to hoe at the earth? Was he too seeking a pitchfork?
We checked out two stores where they sold new pitchforks. The first was $25, but M thought it was very heavy. I held it in my hands and had a look at it. On the fork part was stamped the word 'Austria'. The handle was oak, and very thick. It was heavy duty, for sure. Next door a garden shop had one for $60. The handle was oak, but stained. I looked at the fork and there was the word 'Austria' stamped into the steel. This is the same tool with some more varnish, I said, hanging it back on the wall. They're both too heavy, Margie said. I want one that's lighter, the sort I remember from long ago. We came home with a bag of seed potatoes and a garden gnome. Later, Margie went to another garden supplier that had another heavy pitchfork for $100.
She went off to sing with friends and I went out to do errands. I decided to go down to the big thrift shop that's always open. I hadn't been there in a week due to the snow we had here, so it was time for a look see anyhow. I walked down to the back and saw a large cardboard barrel in which there were some shovels. Then I saw a cultivator. Thinking that might do for turning up dirt I lifted it out of the barrel, and saw that it was $5. Not bad, I had one useful gardening tool. There were several shovels too, nice ones, but we didn't need any, so I resisted purchasing a cheap shovel.
Then I had one last look, and saw a red D handle of something that I assumed was probably an edger. I grabbed that and lifted it up when to my delight I recognized the prongs of a pitchfork, just like the one that stood in the corner of my parents' garage 50 years ago. True Temper was stamped on the shaft, which was oak, but much thinner than those we'd already seen and rejected. The fork itself was lighter, too, with tines chamfered to reduce weight and make it easier to plunge into soil. The whole thing was half the weight of the modern ones we'd seen. It was $6. I decided to look where the others had been stamped, and there I saw the word 'Eire'. Ireland, birthplace of St. Fiacre. In honour of our good fortune we named the new gnome Fiacre.
By the way, it's not really a pitchfork, it's a garden fork. The devil carries a pitchfork. It's probably stamped 'Austria'.


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World War 2 Peace Treaty Signing
Tokyo and Moscow have yet to sign a peace treaty to formally end wartime hostilities due to a dispute over four islands off Hokkaido that are controlled by Russia and claimed by Japan. The islands.
The first round of new peace treaty. Cold War history squarely and untangle the kinks, so to speak. Russia is now demanding that Japan acknowledge unequivocally that the four islands became.
MOSCOW (AP) — Russian President Vladimir Putin has suggested that Russia and Japan should sign a much-anticipated peace treaty formally ending hostilities from World War II before the end of the year.
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The victorious wartime Allied powers (principally the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and France) negotiated the details of peace treaties with Italy, the minor Axis powers ( Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria ), and Finland, following the end of World War II in 1945.
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Abe is apparently eager to accelerate negotiations for concluding a bilateral post-World War II peace treaty through more frequent. has prevented Tokyo and Moscow from signing a postwar peace.
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Japan and Russia have never signed a permanent peace treaty after the end of World War II as Japan has for years maintained that a group of the Kuril Islands should be recognized as a part of its.
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Putin said Wednesday the countries should sign a peace treaty before the end of the year and later. in the closing days of World War II. The island dispute has prevented the two sides from.
Singapore, Nov 14 (AFP) Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he was willing to discuss a peace treaty with Russia — two countries. row that has dogged relations since the end of World War II. The.
Mar 21, 2019 · Signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. The Treaty of Versailles brought World War I to an end and is therefore considered to be the most important of all treaties. The treaty was signed in Versailles, France on June 28, 1919, finally.
May 07, 2012 · On May 2, the Soviets conquered Berlin. Due to the failure of Nazi troops in Berlin and elsewhere, Dönitz and his fellow negotiators lost any leverage in asking for certain conditions in regard to the surrender. Dönitz therefore decided on May 7 to.
He appealed to Vladimir Putin, like he does every time the two leaders meet, to help expedite the signing of a treaty that would formally, and finally, end World War II… To read more visit RFERL.
Russia and Japan have not signed a peace treaty since World War II because of a dispute about Pacific islands known in Russia as the Kuriles and in Japan as the Northern Territories. Abe also said.
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Mar 05, 2015 · The 1950-53 Korean War ended in an armistice, with neither side able to claim outright victory. Decades on, the truce is still all that technically prevents North Korea and the US -.
World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared war on Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. Although the outbreak of war was triggered by Germany's invasion of Poland, the causes of World War 2 are more complex.
Under the Panmunjom Declaration signed by Moon. fortified regions of the world, after almost seven decades of war. While desire for a formal peace is strong in South Korea, and Moon has signaled.
T he final Allied push towards the German border began on October 17, 1918. As the British, French and American armies advanced, the alliance between the Central Powers began to collapse. Turkey signed an armistice at the end of October, Austria-Hungary followed on November 3.
TOKYO (Reuters) – Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on Friday he intends to push forward towards a World War Two peace treaty with Russia. a conference in Vladivostok, he suggested signing a.
The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War. The treaty ceded parts of Finland to the Soviet Union. However, it preserved Finland's independence, ending the Soviet attempt to annex the country.
Jan 17, 2019 · A Century Later, the Versailles Treaty Still Haunts Our World It was supposed to end World War I and usher in a new era of peace. Instead it nearly broke the West.
Proponents of the Treaty of Versailles claim that with the signing of the peace treaty, the military power of Germany which had taken over many parts of the world was depleted. After that day, Germany was stripped off its power to start another conflict and conquer or damage other nations.
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May 26, 2018 · Putin and Abe discuss Kuril Islands, WWII peace treaty. MOSCOW (AP) — Russian President Vladimir Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe met in Moscow on Saturday for talks that included resolving a dispute over four Pacific islands and eventually signing a peace treaty. Abe has been pushing for a way forward in the dispute.
The war did not end as a result of a treaty between the major combatants. Germany unconditionally surrendered its remaining forces to the Allies on May 8, 1945. Japan agreed t. o surrender on August 15, 1945, and the signing of the agreement was on September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. There was much later a treaty with the other countries allied with Germany.
February 16, 1944 – Germans counter-attack against the Anzio beachhead. March 4, 1944 – Soviet troops begin an offensive on the Belorussian front; First major daylight bombing raid on Berlin by the Allies. March 15, 1944. – Second Allied attempt to capture Monte Cassino begins. March 18, 1944 – British drop 3000 tons of bombs during an air raid on Hamburg, Germany.
Japan and Russia have not signed a peace treaty in the 73 years since the end of World War II due to the disputed islands – collectively known as the Northern Territories in Japan and the Southern.
Sep 12, 2018 · Disputes over their ownership have caused deep rifts between Russia and Japan, so much so that 70 years after World War II the two countries have never signed a peace treaty…
Apr 14, 2015 · Israel Peace Treaty & World War 3 by Chris Tremblay on 4/14/2015. This is obvious because the temple must be constructed before the 3.5 year mark after the peace treaty is signed since this is where the Anti-Christ will claim to be God and.
Jan 22, 2019 · The Japanese prime minister also commented on the talks saying that he and Putin reaffirmed their commitment to the conclusion of the peace treaty, which the two states have been unable to sign since the end of the World War II because of the dispute over the Kurils.
The territorial spat has prevented the two countries from signing a peace treaty and hindered their. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Saturday discussed a post-World War II peace treaty and.
The Peace Treaties were signed after the First World War had ended.Germany and Austria-Hungry were the losers.Germany was blamed for starting the war and had lots of land, money and military taken in the Treaty of Versailles
Jun 27, 2018 · World War I was an extremely bloody war that engulfed Europe from 1914 to 1919, with huge losses of life and little ground lost or won. Fought mostly by soldiers in trenches, World War I saw an estimated 10 million military deaths and another 20 million wounded.While many hoped that World War I would be "the war to end all wars," in actuality, the concluding peace treaty set the stage for.
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The territories including four main islands have been under Russian control since their occupation by the Soviet Union at the end of the World War II. The Abe administration first wants the islands.
Abe and Putin agreed in November to speed up peace treaty. after the end of World War II in August 1945 — will be handed over to Japan following the conclusion of a peace treaty. "President Putin.
SOCHI, Russia (Reuters) – Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Thursday that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told him Tokyo could not immediately sign a peace. an unconditional peace treaty.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In order to produce a new plant many flowers need to pollinate. A simple definition of pollination would be: the transfer of pollen from a stamen to a pistil of the same flower or of another flower. Pollination is a very important process because it leads to the development of seeds that eventually turn into plants, flowers, fruit and nuts. The seeds are very important because they contain the genetic information necessary to produce another plant.
The flowering plants have male parts called stamens, which produce a yellow powder called pollen. The pistil is the female part of a plant. The top, sticky part of the pistil is called stigma. These parts are implied in the pollination process. Each pollen grain grows in a tube called pollen tube. After growing enough, the pollen grains reach the plant ovary. This is the part of a flower where the pollen tubes meet. The male gamete from the tube meets the egg extant in the ovary and thus a seed is born. The ovule becomes the seed and the ovary the fruit.
Ninety-six per cent of the angiosperms are hermaphrodite plants, meaning they have both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual or even on the same flower. Because of this, there are two types of pollination: self-pollination and cross pollination. Self- pollination occurs when the pollen of a plant's stamen is transported on the stigma of the same plant. Cross-pollination occurs when the pollen belonging to one plant arrives on the stigma belonging to another plant. Remember! The plants must be from the same species! The pollen coming from a rose cannot pollinate a tulip stigma. Only pollen from a carnation can pollinate another carnation.
Cross-pollination is done with the help of animals, insects, people and wind. The honeybees are the most important pollinators. However, cross-pollination is accidental, because honeybees are on a plant to get the nectar out of it, not to facilitate the plant's reproduction process. Positive cross-pollination produces new plants that are better adapted to the surrounding environment than the parent plants. Negative cross-pollination gives birth to plants that are less adapted to the environment than the parent plants. The seeds that result after the self-pollination process have an inferior quality in comparison to those resulting after the cross-pollination process. This is why the majority of plants underwent a natural selection process that favors the cross-pollination process.vv Even in the case of plants the reproductive process is not always successful. A plant can be only partially fertilized and the fruit or the seed does not develop entirely. There are also cases when the whole pollination process is a failure and the plants do not reproduce at all.
However, not all plants have flowers. There are plants that reproduce themselves through the help of spores. Pine or spruce trees reproduce by the pollen of the male cone, which is taken by the wind to a female cone, belonging to the same species. The fungi also reproduce themselves through spores.
The pollination process is extremely important for the world we live in. Theoretically, all seed plants need to be pollinated. Plants and trees produce oxygen, necessary for the development of life on Earth. Life would not be possible in the absence of oxygen. Plants clean the soil and the waters, which have become extremely polluted in the last century.
More than half of the fats and oils used for cooking come from animal-pollinated plants: oil palm, sun flower, etc.


text:
Charles Foley (September 6, 1930 – July 1, 2013) was the co-inventor of the game  Twister, with Neil W. Rabens.

Twister
Foley received only 2.5% royalties for three years from Milton Bradley, which amounted to about $27,000. The game became a sensation after Johnny Carson and Eva Gabor played it on The Tonight Show in 1966. Hasbro took over the manufacturing of the game.

Personal
Foley was born in Lafayette, Indiana and before he was 10 years old made his first invention, a locking system for the cattle pen at his grandfather's farm. He attended school through the eighth grade and as a young man he worked as a salesman. He served in the Michigan Air National Guard and worked on the assembly line at the Ford Motor Company before taking a job at Lakeside Toys in Minneapolis. He moved his family to Minnesota in 1962. He invented dozens of other toys and games, and had 97 patented inventions.

In 1995, Charles Foley's son, Mark Foley, and Douglas Farley founded Doumar Products Inc. and its heptane-based Un-Du adhesive remover.

Last years
Foley had lived in North Carolina for years, but his son said he returned to Minnesota in 2005 when he began to have health problems and to be closer to his family. Foley's wife, Kathleen, died of breast cancer in 1975.

Death
Foley died July 1, 2013, aged 82, at the Golden Living Center in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. He had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was survived, immediately, by six sons and three daughters, and two brothers and two sisters.

References

1930 births
2013 deaths
American engineers
American inventors
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Neurological disease deaths in Minnesota
People from Lafayette, Indiana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AT&T PARK — Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig made AT&T Park the 18th stop on his farewell tour.
Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig said Tuesday he understands the frustrations that Oakland A's fans have.
The great game was once unique. Now, more than ever, it's just like any other sport.
San Francisco baseball fans can finally stop talking about Melky Cabrera possibly becoming National League batting champion.
With two weeks left in the season, Melky Cabrera is clinging to a seven-point lead in the race for the NL batting title.
Sacramento came calling, but Lew Wolff shot them down. Bud Selig won't pull the trigger. Where do the A's go from here?
The A's stadium issue came up at the latest owners' meeting, but no real progress was made.


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Deakin promotes a culture of honesty and integrity and has established controls and procedures to prevent and detect corrupt activities.
The University and its controlled entities are subject to annual audits by the Victorian Auditor-General's Office (VAGO). The University's annual reports are tabled in Parliament and contain the University's audited accounts, ensuring that public sector entities are transparent and accountable to both the Victorian Parliament and the community.
For further information about the audit process please email Deakin Integrity or visit the VAGO website.
Deakin is committed to fostering a culture of honesty, transparency, responsibility, fairness and accountability and ethical behaviour. The University must maintain integrity in its decision-making and ensure that it is free of undue influences, interests or relationships that give rise to a conflict of interest (actual, potential or perceived).
Members of Deakin's governing body, the University Council, as well as staff and associates of the University must declare any conflict of interest prior to or during their employment at or service to the University.
Staff wishing to declare a conflict or seek further information regarding conflicts should consult the Conflict of Interest Procedure. Members of the public may raise a concern about a relevant conflict of interest by email to Deakin Integrity.
Fraud and corruption
Deakin actively promotes a culture of honesty and integrity and does not tolerate fraud or corruption.
The University has established controls and procedures to prevent and detect fraudulent and corrupt conduct in respect to the activities of students, staff and associates of the University, and its controlled entities, covering all aspects and functions of its operations. The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for the investigation of any fraud-related matter and must report the matter to the Audit and Risk Committee of Council. There are also specific processes addressing research integrity and academic integrity.
Statutory protections may apply to any person making a disclosure under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 2012. These must be directed to the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) or the Victorian Ombudsman.
Staff and students should consult the Fraud and Corruption Prevention and Control Policy for further information. Members of the public may raise a concern or make a complaint by email to Deakin Integrity. The University has established an external reporting line through Stopline. Any person may report a matter directly.
Deakin University makes information about its operations available to the public through its annual reports, website and publications. Information that is not publicly available may be accessible under the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Vic).
Find out more about Freedom of Information
Any individual, whether staff, student or a member of the public, who has a legitimate concern about corrupt or improper conduct by the University or an officer of the University and who seeks the statutory protections afforced to a discloser, must make a Public Interest Disclosure directly to the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) or the Victorian Ombudsman. The University has obligations under the Public Interest Disclosures Act 2012 (Vic) to ensure that a person who has made a public interest disclosure is not subject to detrimental action.
Information and advice about these options are available from the IBAC and the Victorian Ombudsman websites, or from Deakin Integrity.
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Another week goes by and I'm starting with the Class 4 Handicap over 5f 10 yds won by Cheworee at Windsor on 15th April. She won by a nose from Cruisetothelimit with My Son Max 3/4 of a length back in third and she recorded a fair time figure on her first run of the season. Trained by Elsworth who knows how to place a good horse there should be more wins ahead in the coming weeks. The win sees her go up in the ratings by 5lb to a mark of 87, whilst the second is raised 4lb to 82 and the third 2lb to 84.Noverre To Go went to the far side with Cadeaux Pearl and in the circumstances both of those did well to finish as close as they did.
At the Craven meeting, at Newmarket, Zanetto won the Class 2 3yo sprint by 3/4 of a length from the Irish runner Clancy Avenue with the same distance back to Graphic Quest in third. The winner has been raised 6lb for his win to a mark of 100 whilst the second and third remain on the same marks of 89 and 99 respectively. The winner now heads to Ascot in two weeks time according to his trainer.
Later in the afternoon Shahdaroba won the Class 2 Handicap over 6f by a length from Regal Dan with 1 1/4 lengths back to Equitania in third. The winner has been raised 7lb to 94 which compares favourably with the winner of the previous race based on time figures and he would have preferred easier going than he found here.Professor ran on well in fourth and was only just run out of third by Equitania.
The following day Tickled Pink clocked a time of 1m 9.88s but was helped by a tailwind and on time figures and therefore ran to a similar standard of those who raced on day one. The handicapper took no chances and he has raised her 25lb to 109 but she pretty much had the run of the race here with the other Jockeys probably thinking she was going to set the race up for them. Jimmy Styles fnished second again and has been dropped a 1lb, whilst Move In Time did very well considering he'd had a hard race last weekend and this was stretching his stamina to the limit. Hawkeyethenoo was finishing well from off the pace and the Victoria Cup looks on the cards again.
At Ripon on Thursday Another Citizen won the Class 4 Apprentice Handicap over 5f beating Oldjoesaid by a short head, the secons was putting up his second good run of the season and has been raised a further 4lb. One that was running on well from the back an looked an awkward ride for his Jockey was Alaskan Bullet and he has been dropped 1lb to 79.
On Friday at Bath Place In My Heart won very well in beating My Propeller a length and a half in the Class 1 Fillies Listed Race over 5f 11 yds and in doing so recorded a top time figure.She was at the front from the word go and they were not hanging about yet she was very tenacious towards the finish and won going away. Clive Cox said afterwards "I was pleased the ground dried out for Place In My Heart as she wants decent ground. We can now go away and think about where we go next but she will be probably moving up to graded company".
At Newbury the following day William Haggas's Heeraat recorded the best time figure in the UK so far for a sprinter this season when easily winning the Class 2 Dubai Duty Free Handicap over 5f 34yds by two lengths from El Viento with a further one a half lengths back to Kingsgate Choice in third.
Heeraat looks an exciting sort for the months ahead and is entered in the Duke of York. The third didnt start well was settled out the back and stayed on towards the finish despite looking a bit awkward and should be capable of winning something.
Twenty runners line up at Doncaster for the 6f Bet 365 Class 2 Handicap for which the going remains good.
The draw can often play a part in these big field sprints and in previous 6f races at the track we need to dodge the outside draws as stall 1 is 0-34 in 6f Handicaps since 2009(although won this race in 2008) and stalls 20-22 have a combined record of 1-41.
The meeting here a couple of weeks ago was on very different going so there its not a lot we can draw from that and Thunderball would almost certainly need some rain to show his best.
Some big priced winners have won over the last 8 years and every winner has been aged either 4 or 5 in that time including last years winner Colonal Mak who lines up again.
Our Jonathan made an encouraging debut for Pitt when finishing third in the Listed Cammidge Trophy over course and distance last month behind Jack Dexter. The six-year-old, who joined Pitt during the winter from Kevin Ryan, has shown his best form with give in the ground with wins in the Group 3 Cornwallis Stakes, Group 2 Criterium de Maison-Laffitte and Ayr Gold Cup.
Writing on his blog, Pitt said: "Robert Tart takes a valuable 5lb off his back and as a result he meets the progressive Jack Dexter on 9lb better terms for his length and a half defeat in the Cammidge Trophy. He is drawn in stall 12 of the 20 runners so it will be interesting to go through the race in more detail now and see where the likely pace comes from. It would be nice to see a bit of rain on Town Moor before then just to freshen things up a bit and add a bit of moisture to the ground."
The Ron Harris-trained Prodigality made a stylish return to action at Warwick at the start of the month, but is now significantly higher in the weights. Harris said: "He's been put up 7lb for his Warwick win and we could have done with a couple less as then he'd still have been able to run in 0-100s, which would have been nice. He beat a 99-rated horse (Justineo) and whether he's run to 99 we'll never know. He did it well enough and I'm sure he'll have come on for the run. It's a big pot on Saturday so we'd be mad to miss it. I suppose after this we'd have to be looking at Group races for him, there's nothing between the best handicapper and those that run in the Group races. I'd imagine we'll take him to Ireland at some point, too, for something like the Sapphire Stakes".
Move In Time showed smart form in the past when trained by Bryan Smart and there was a lot to like about his winning debut for fellow Yorkshire handler David O'Meara at Musselburgh late last month, O'Meara said: "He seems really well and we were delighted with his run at Musselburgh. If he gets six furlongs or is better at five, I don't know yet. We'll find that out. He did win over this trip at two. We just want some luck in running."
The best may yet be to come from Duke Of Firenze, who has just had seven races and has shaped with promise on several occasions. "He's done well physically and he's wintered well. Sir Michael is very happy with him so we'll get him going and hopefully he'll put up a good show. We think there's more to come from him and he's got some talent. The ground will suit and everything is in place. He will build on whatever he does tomorrow but he's in good form." said Chris Richardson, managing director of owners Cheveley Park Stud.
King Of Jazz was third over this course and distance two weeks ago and his trainer Michael Bell is optimistic of another bold show "He ran a good race when drawn on the wrong side at the last meeting and he seems in similar form, so he should be knocking at the door," said the Newmarket-based handler.
Richard Fahey comments on his two runners "Johannes isn't getting any younger but doesn't come up our gallop like an old horse. He'd need to be at his very best to win this, it's a very competitive race and a lot of winners will come out of it. I was disappointed with Farlow on his first run for us. Perhaps it was the sticky ground but I'm inclined to bounce him out and be more positive with him this time. Looking at him you'd think perhaps he wants seven furlongs but we'll try him again at six under a more positive ride. It would be a good day for him to pull it all together.
Looking through the runners it's a real good competitive handicap to get stuck into. Jack Dexter, Prodigality and Duke of Firenze look potential Group race performers in time and all three should be to the fore.
I was hoping that Lexi's Hero, now with Ed Dunlop, would get into the race but unfortunately he didnt make the cut. Shropshire (2ND), Colonel Mak (18TH) (25/1 Ladbrokes) and Move In Time (1ST) are others to consider along with Yeeoow (5TH). Kevin Ryan's horses dont look at their best yet and I think on this occasion we can see how Hamza (4TH) gets on whilst York Glory (6TH) needs to improve a bit on the form shown on the All Weather.
Im going for two each way in Shropshire and Colonel Mak and hoping the latter can bounce back to form being on a 4lb lower mark than when winning last season, he's had a run albeit he didnt show much and although Gibbons has gone for Hitchens (3RD), being fit from Dubai, he is a negative along with Duke Of Firenze (10TH) according to Tanya Stevenson on the Morning Line.
Move In Time is the unkown quantity and several pundits are prepared to chance their hand on him staying 6f now he is with David O'Meara who can get his horses very fit and further improvement can be expected despite 10lb rise from Musselburgh.
Last Saturday saw a number of sprints to wet the appetite for the coming weeks ahead. At Doncaster Thunderball kicked off affairs by winning the 6f Class 2 Handicap by one length from Spinatrix with King Of Jazz back in third. The wining trainer Scott Dixon was confident that his horse would run well and as a result of his win he has been raised 5lb to a mark of 96, with the second up 2lb to 94 and the third, who went off fav, remaining on 87. The going was officially soft(7.1) and the time of the race was 1m.13.71s which was over 2 seconds faster than Annunciation had recorded the previous week. Of those behind Shropshire did well from stall 10 coming from behind and he remains on 96. The handicapper altered very few marks behind him and he dropped all horses who finished from 7th to 16th 1lb even though several lengths covered them all.
After Jack Dexter ran out an impressive winner of last year's Ayr Bronze Cup there was a lot of talk of whether he could emulate Roman Warrior's achievement in 1975 and become the first Scottish-trained winner of the Gold equivalent, writes Stewart Copeland.
However based on his reappearance success in the 6f listed William Hill – New iPad App Cammidge Trophy, loftier prizes up the sprint ladder may be on the agenda instead.
A smaller field than usual lined up for the Cammidge, but it still contained a group of horses proven at this level who'd provide strong opposition to Jack Dexter in his attempt to land his first listed prize.
He answered the challenge in impressive fashion, travelling well just off the pace before asserting around a furlong out and kept up to his work to prevail by half a length from last year's Ayr Gold Cup winner, Captain Ramius. In third a further length behind was Our Jonathan, victorious in the 2011 version of the Ayr showpiece.
With the second and third both proven under the conditions there's every reason to view Jack Dexter's win in a positive light, which means an improvement in his rating from 102 to 109. That has Captain Ramius running to 107, a similar level to his performance in the Ayr Gold Cup, and Our Jonathan reproducing his pre-race rating of 105.
Jack Dexter's 109 is the highest rating I've allocated to the winner of the Cammidge since Les Arcs in 2006, and he went on to complete a Group 1 double in the Golden Jubilee and July Cup. No doubt the connections of Jack Dexter will be dreaming he can follow a similar path.
At Musselburgh on Saturday Oldjoesaid rolled back the years to take the 5f Class 4 Handicap by 2 1/2 lengths from Cadeaux Pearl. The winner had the race run to suit and going he likes and therefore 7lb rise may be a little bit harsh if the fine weather happens to stay around.
Tangerine Trees won the Borderlescott Sprint Trophy over 5f beating Kingsgate Choice by a neck. Hamish McGonagall was lumbered with big weight 10.2 and was giving the winner over a stone which must have made it impossible for him to win. Of those behind Bapak Chinta, who Kevin Ryan thought was one of some potential at the begining of last season, was dropped 6lb by the handicapper to 99.
The concluding race at Musselburgh went to Move In Time who has switched stables to David O'Meara and he continued his knack of improving horses from other yards much in the same was as David Nicholls used to do. He beat Middleham Park's Come On Dave by an eased down 5 lengths and there must have been some banter between connections as Middleham Park have a number of horses traind by O'Meara. He has been raised 10lb to 95 but the way he won suggests he may be winning again soon.


When I took this photo, I knew immediately that it was to be the provisional Photo of the Week, and there has been nothing else that I wanted to replace it with. I love the effect of the light coming through the trees.
This entry was posted in Photography and tagged April, Camera, Life, Nature, Nikon, Nikon D3000, Photo of the Week, Photos, Postaday, Sun, Sunset, Trees, Weather. Bookmark the permalink.
You know I LOVE photographs of trees! This is just perfect!
It looks more fallish then spring. Full of serenity.
This is GORGEOUS! I love the light AND the trees AND the chimneys!
Great capture Al. There is a peacefulness surrounding this image.


Ranges and Cells The Print_Area range lets you set the range of cells using your choice of A1 notation, R1C1 notation, or range names. Examination of the Print_Area range properties will show you the range in the style that was used to set it.
The following SelectPrint routine allows the user to choose between printing the entire sheet or just the evening values from the Y2001ByMonth workbook. The Print_Area range is used to inform Excel what values to print.
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& "and click No to print all values."
strTitle = "Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Programming Inside Out"
As with most things, there is a point of diminishing returns or outright failure. VBA cannot transfer more than about 3000 cells at one time. As long as you stay well below that number, you should have no problems.
So the question now becomes how can you read or write to multiple cells at one time Transferring multiple cells between a workbook and VBA is done through the use of variant arrays. A variant data type can hold any other data type, including arrays. More importantly, the variant variable does not have to be declared as an array to hold an array. In fact, for the purposes of copying data to and from a worksheet, the variant variable cannot be declared as an array. The variable needs to be declared as a simple variant type, as in the following statement.
Reading the cells into a variant variable is done through an assignment statement, that is, varA = Range("January1PM") or varA = Range("H6:H36"). These two examples would read the same range into the variable varA, with the individual cells accessed the same as a single element of an array. Onc y u have assi e o gned values to the varant, you can use the varii able as a eference o the r nge. For example, you could use this c de to disp a message box r t a o lay containing just the sum of the values in cells E12:E15.


text:
Home Climate WJEC16: Media failing in reporting climate change, say educators
Pacific Profile
Pacific Voices
WJEC16
WJEC16: Media failing in reporting climate change, say educators
By Kendall Hutt -
Broadcaster Jose Maria Carlos (Philippines - from left), Misa Vicky Lepou of the National University of Samoa, and Indonesian academic Dr Hermin Indah Wahyuni at the WJEC in Auckland. Image: PMC
By Kendall Hutt
The United Nations Climate Change Conference last year – more commonly referred to as "COP21", may have been praised as a "historic turning point" in reducing global warming by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius and world leaders alike, but many remain unconvinced world leaders actually care about climate change.
Speaking to Asia Pacific Report earlier this year, both Greenpeace captain Pete Willcox and colleague Sophie Schroder said that world leaders were still hiding behind fossil fuels.
Some may also say that journalism itself is guilty by omission due to what many educators see as poor coverage of climate change.
Such issues were the topic of conversation among panelists and delegates alike at the 4th World Journalism Education Congress (WJEC) when it entered its second day.
Professor David Robie of the Pacific Media Centre set the tone of the panel discussion, questioning what the role of the media and indeed media education was in a post-COP21 world.
He asked whether media currently was giving enough emphasis to the issue, but more importantly to the human rights issues that sit within climate change.
This was a theme readily engaged with by the panelists, Professor Crispin Maslog, chairman of the Asian Media Information and Communication Centre in Manila; Dr Hermin Indah Wahyuni of Universitas Gadjah Mada; National University of Samoa's Misa Vicky Lepou; and Jose Maria Carlos from the Philippines.
Although speaking to journalism education and climate change in their respective countries – the Philippines, Indonesia and Samoa – all of the panelists said the media was failing in reporting climate change.
Current coverage lacking
Professor Crispin Maslog on the climate change panel. Image: Del Abcede
Although coverage was not wholly lacking, the panel stressed, improvements are still needed.
Dr Wahyuni said this was the case as current framing centred on a "impact-victim frame" which only built a "easy causal relationship" between disasters and climate change.
Although Carlos also noted that this was the case in his discussion, he said that despite a "high level" of climate change coverage throughout Asia, gaps remained in the "depth of understanding" of the issue by the Filipino public.
He highlighted that this was a concern noted not only by academics and non-governmental organisations, but also journalists themselves.
Misa said the current lack in climate change coverage culminated in a "top-down" effect in newsrooms, in which editors refused to take notice of the issue because it was not "sexy" enough.
She highlighted that this seemed to be the case in Samoa, where climate change was the lesser covered topic in three of its newspapers compared to business.
Misa noted this "reflects the priorities" in the daily news agenda worldwide.
Calls not new
However, this is not the first time such issues have been noted, nor calls for new media strategies in relation to climate change made.
Several academics, journalists and non-governmental actors debated the issue in May for Asia Pacific Report.
Although unable to reach consensus on a precise strategy moving forward, all stressed the importance of changes being made.
Future solutions?
The panelists also did not simply lament the current state of climate change journalism.
Dr Maslog, Dr Wahyuni, Carlos and Lepou all posed possible solutions to the current crisis.
Dr Maslog said that "training on the job" should take place for media practitioners into environmental and disaster reporting.
Professor Cris Nash of Monash University… posing a question. Image: Del Abcede/PMC
Dr Wahyuni said the media should continue to act as an observer, but stressed that in doing so it should "keep up with science".
Carlos agreed, saying "good principles" should continue to be stressed.
Misa said, however, echoing points made by her fellow delegates throughout the WJEC regarding student journalists being at the heart of improvements, said the introduction of a climate change module into the journalism curriculum would "bring life to journalism education".
Both panelists and delegates agreed, however, that "so much needs to be done".
In the face of a lack of "political will" from both politicians and journalists alike regarding climate change however, all acknowledged that it may be an uphill battle.
World leaders still 'hiding behind fossil fuels', says Rainbow Warrior skipper
Call for new media strategies for climate change journalism
[View the story "Journalism education in the Asia-Pacific" on Storify]
SOURCEPacific Media Centre
Kendall Hutt
https://squareeyes95.wordpress.com/
Kendall Hutt is Pacific Media Watch freedom project contributing editor 2017. A graduate journalist from Auckland University of Technology, she also completed her Honours year in Communication Studies. Kendall was on the Pacific Media Centre's 2016 Asia-Pacific Journalism Studies course. Kendall is interested in political and climate change journalism, and runs her own television and film review blog. In December 2017, Kendall took up a job with the North Shore Times.
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Across Still Water
John's life has changed forever. In this story of loss and friendship a young boy guides his older friend as they fish by night in the heart of the city and John faces a world of imminent darkness.
Director(s): Ruth Grimberg
Subjects: Biographical, Friendship, Loss
Tags: European Short Films
Published in December 2020
An atmospheric exploration of what biodiversity conservation means to this Machiguenga community living in one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. When…
Thomas Bennett
An intimate portrait of my friend Thomas, who lives on the fringes of society….
Spend a year within the walls of a juvenile correction facility in Serbia….
30/Trinta
A behind-the-scenes look at the making of LIVE at The Burdock, the debut EP by emerging songstress OXALA, recorded live at the beloved music…
Greykey
Memories of childhood, becoming faint, almost forgotten, rearising with nostalgia, Upon looking through an old photo album….
A Brief History of John Baldessari
The epic life of a world-class artist….
The Last Days of Peter Bergmann
In the summer of 2009, a man calling himself Peter Bergmann arrived in Sligo Town. Over his final three days, he would go to…
Documentary, Mystery
Dicks: Do You Need to Be One to Be a Successful Leader?
Coming off his Zac Efron-starring debut feature "We Are Your Friends", filmmaker Max Joseph has a pressing question—is he too nice to be a…


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90 Day Fiancé: Tiffany Franco Smith Cheated On Ronald Smith So He's Filing For Divorce
Tiffany Smith has been accused of cheating and Ronald has stated that he will be filing for divorce
By Daniel Miranda
PUBLIC · 31 Jan 2020
One of the more popular couples on the 90 Day Fiance' franchise is in a bit of a mess lately. Ever since Tiffany showed up on Instagram 20 lbs. lighter Ronald has accused her of cheating!
He not only accused her of cheating and committing adultery but has also accused his co-star and wife of being very controlling. I mean from the episodes I've seen I can definitely sense that. She has always been a bit demanding and when she didn't get her way she would become angry and upset. Maybe she was just trying to be a strong supportive wife, who knows, there is always a fine line between strength, support and control.
In response, she went on social media to say that he was manipulative and toxic. Seems like Ronald wanted to keep the situation private, Tiffany wanted it to go viral in his words. He fought back by saying that their marriage was never registered in the United States and she cheated on him. Ronald will be filing for divorce in South Africa, sad to say. The couple just welcomed a daughter named " Carley Rose Smith "
If anything I think its time to really fight for there relationship, having a new daughter and all, this is the right time to go to counseling and do what you need to do for that baby girl! I guess this is what happens when you rush into serious relationships without really identifying whether you are both compatible or not. Don't get me wrong I've seen a lot of happy couples that dove right in, but it's going to take that extra effort and extra work as you mold into one another.
After Ronald made the cheating accusations, Tiffany said: "he's going nuts". She said she never cheated on him and that Ronald always tells lies. Tiffany said she took her children back to America because her husband cannot "keep a stable job" and said they can't depend on him.
The 90 Day Fiancé star said she made the best decision for her kids and that Ronald was only making "dumb accusations to make me look like sh*t".Tiffany went further to say that she feels "stupid" and "ashamed" for choosing to be with Ronald, and she wants "this to be over". Ronald has since taken down his accusation posts from his social media account, but Tiffany's posts still remain on hers.


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Dans le domaine de la physique, une microparticule est une particule dont la taille est comprise entre  et .

Des microparticules plus ou moins dégradables ou biodégradable (selon leur nature ; minérale, biologique, complexes…) sont présentes dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement (eau, air, sol et passent d'un compartiment à l'autre, pouvant aussi être absorbées ou adsorbées par les organismes vivant ou des matrices minérales).
Certaines sont vivantes (pollens frais et spores aéroportés) ou minérales (sable fin, poussières)… Les mousses et lichens se nourrissent de telles particules.

Des microparticules sont fabriquées par l'industrie et commercialisées pour divers usages.

Quand les particules sont toxiques ou écotoxiques, indésirables et/ou d'origine anthropiques (industrie, combustion, transports, érosion des sols) on parle de pollution microparticulaire, généralement à propos de pollution de l'air (atmosphère, air intérieur), mais aussi à propos de la pollution de l'eau rendue turbide ou polluée par exemple par des microparticules de plastiques. De telles microparticules, souvent issues de la fragmentation de macro-déchets de plastiques, sont trouvées de plus en plus nombreuses dans l'environnement marin mais aussi dans les lacs (grands lacs américains notamment, sous forme de microparticules, en moyenne plus petites dans les lacs qu'en mer.
De 500 à 660.000 particules et microparticules de plastiques sont trouvées par km2 dans les lacs Erié, Huron et Supérieur. Ces particules ont souvent adsorbé des hydrocarbures, pouvant eux-mêmes solubiliser ou transporter des produits toxiques (ex : polychlorobiphényles (PCB) ou indésirables. C'est le Lac Erié qui en contient le plus). Les morceaux de plastiques trouvés dans les grands lacs sont plus petits mais aussi plus densément présents qu'en mer (24 % de plus qu'en Atlantique), ce qui augmente le risque de leur ingestion par les organismes aquatiques, avec des conséquences encore mal cernées.

Spécificités physicochimiques

Nature des particules
Une particule peut être
 minérales ou organique,
 vivante, morte ou abiotique,
 toxique, radioactive, allergène ou neutre,
 constituée d'un même matériau ou d'un agrégat de molécules ou matériaux différents, plus ou moins cohérent et solide.
Ces caractéristiques influent toutes sur leur devenir, la cinétique, la fonction d'une particule et sur ses interactions avec les organismes vivants et le reste de l'environnement.

Forme et poids
Le poids et la forme d'une microparticule ont  également une grande importance, car ils modifient sa cinétique environnementale (déposition plus rapide pour les particules plus lourdes), son intégration dans le métabolisme des organismes et ses impacts sanitaires ;
 Les formes fibreuses et dures (type fibres d'amiantes ou fibre de verre) sont source de risque sanitaire ;
 On appelle « microsphères » des microparticules de forme sphériques qu'on utilise, par exemple, comme « vecteurs » pour les substances pharmaceutiques ou de l'information génétique à transférer dans un noyau cellulaire dans le cas de la transgenèse ;
 Les microparticules ont un rapport surface/volume beaucoup plus important qu'à l'échelle macroscopique. À tel point que des microparticules métalliques peuvent même se comporter dans l'air de façon explosive.

Microparticules « biologiques »
Les microparticules sont formées par bourgeonnement cellulaire et ce sont des vésicules de tailles comprises entre 0,1 et  de diamètre.
Elles excluent les exosomes et elles sont caractérisées par l'exposition de phospholipides chargés négativement à leur surface (principalement de phosphatidylsérines) favorisant ainsi l'activation de la cascade de la coagulation.

Usages
Parmi les micro-particules commercialisées on peut compter celles de verre, de latex, de polystyrène, celles de différents métaux (carbone, argent, cuivre, etc.), et différents matériaux magnétiques.

Microparticules comme réactif dans le diagnostic médical
À titre d'exemple, les tests de grossesse personnels dans lesquels une couleur apparaît en cas de réaction positive utilisent des microparticules d'or comme réactif.

Autres définitions concernant leur dimension
Bien que la définition  à  la plus généralement adoptée vienne compléter la définition des nanoparticules, il existe d'autres manières de définir leur dimension.

Sur un plan mathématique
Étant donné que le terme « micro » correspond à une grandeur de 10, la micro–particule devrait avoir une taille comprise entre 10 et 10, soit comprise environ entre  et . Pourtant, on considère habituellement que les microparticules font moins de .

Sur un plan sanitaire
Les particules en suspension sont classées par l'OMS en fonction de leur toxicité : les PM 2.5 (particules dont la moitié a un diamètre inférieur à ) ont une taille telle qu'elles restent longtemps en suspension dans l'air (plusieurs jours) et les PM 10 (particules dont la moitié a un diamètre inférieur à ) sont suffisamment grandes pour être rapidement dispersées par les précipitations et sont donc moins toxiques.

En arrondissant
Les règles mathématiques de l'arrondi permettent d'envisager une autre définition : toute particule plus grande que  et plus petite que  peut être considérée comme une micro–particule.

Définition triviale
Très souvent, on appelle encore « nanoparticules » des particules dont la dimension est supérieure à . La gamme de valeurs supérieure peut être comprise entre 300 et , ce qui donne une nouvelle définition pour la taille des microparticules de  à  ou de  à .

Microparticules et santé

Notes et références

Source

Matériau


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Article by: Leo Trimming
Royal Albert Hall, London
Thursday, 25th July 2019
To mark the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in Apollo 11, Public Service Broadcasting had the honour of performing their Race for Space album at the Royal Albert Hall in a 'Late Night Prom', accompanied by the Multi-Story Orchestra and the London Contemporary Voices. It was fitting that such a momentous historical event was being commemorated in such an iconic setting. Similarly, it was essential that at the centre of this performance were the real voices and sounds associated with those men and women who achieved so much in Space exploration in those short years from the launch of Sputnik in 1957 up to the last Apollo Moon mission in 1972.
It seems apt that the initials of the President who inspired the Apollo programme are shared with JF Abraham of the band, who so deftly arranged the orchestral music which has adapted and augmented the original Race for Space album. This was first evident in the Introduction, performed with great feeling by the orchestra and choir, evoking a suitably ethereal atmosphere to set the scene for the epic events that were to unfold.
The famous speech of President John F. Kennedy featured in the Race for Space opening, with London Contemporary Voices to the fore with their crystalline sound. The Royal Albert Hall audience took up the clapping of the recorded crowd at Rice University in 1962, applauding his resonant words almost as if they were re-living that moment in time:
"We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard…'
The Russian side of the Space Race was rightly reflected in songs such as Sputnik and Gagarin. Sputnik was the first song to utilise the enormous old fashioned TV screen suspended behind the stage, showing images of that legendary Cosmonaut and the understated speech clip: 'Was it Hazardous?' 'Yes it was', as a model of the Sputnik rose with lights streaming. Wrigglesworth's drumming was particularly impressive on this pulsating track. The Multi-Story Orchestra's instrumental contributions created a captivating extended intro and gave the piece added heft. In contrast, the arrival of the 'Brassy Gents' to centre stage gave an energetic and celebratory feel as suddenly the Proms was infused with Jazz and Funk. Dancing Spacemen added to the sense of fun as the Royal Albert Hall clapped along enthusiastically, right up to the false ending until the song splashed down with a well-timed re-entry to the piece. The concluding line "The Whole Planet knew him and Loved him" resonated around the hall, and it was becoming clear that the crowd were definitely loving Public Service Broadcasting.
The flip side of achievement was tragically conveyed in Fire in the Cockpit which was bravely segued straight from the euphoric Gagarin, evoking a very sombre and dark atmosphere, the piece respectfully adapted for orchestra by JF Abraham. It was genuinely touching to hear the tragedy of the deaths of Astronauts White, Grissom and Chaffee in Apollo 1, on the launch pad in 1967, portrayed with such poignancy. This piece showed the value of adding the orchestration, and the audience were left in stunned silence.
E.V.A., about Alexey Leonov's first ever space-walk in 1965, was decidedly more rocky, with J. Wilgoose Esquire and JF Abraham in fine form on guitar and bass in a piece that felt more expansive than the original version, until it cleverly and effectively 'floated' musically, just like Leonov. In an evening of great moments the following piece, The Other Side, was particularly striking, starting with pizzicato sounds from the Orchestra string section which developed into a beautiful string and horn build-up until the pulsing synths and NASA control voices entered. Band and orchestra were in perfect sync as the tension and tempo increased with Apollo 8 about to go round the dark side of the Moon for the first time in 1968. The venue was dramatically plunged into darkness and virtual silence as Apollo 8 circled behind the moon. When it emerged from the other side, the lights, drums, guitar and other instruments all gloriously rose simultaneously and the crowd applauded, feeling almost as if they had been there waiting for the capsule to re-appear – it was a very memorable moment and captured some of what it must have felt like at the time.
Valentina celebrated the first woman in space in 1963, the gentleness of the choir and orchestra reflecting the feminine side of this story, although in some ways this felt like a brief hiatus before the drama of the Apollo Moon landing in 1969, portrayed so emphatically and imaginatively through the voices of NASA Control in Go! J. Wilgoose Esquire showed some class in dedicating the song to Chris Kraft, of NASA control on that historic day, who died shortly before the performance. Go! Has become a real crowd pleaser and the Royal Albert Hall joined in (mostly!) shouting 'Go!' and 'Stay' in sync with the captions and speech clips as Apollo 11 came in to land. In truth, this was mainly a band piece with a particularly rocking bass and drums conveying the drama and tension of the landing sequence. The rock continued with a tribute to the Russian Space designer Korolev, not on the original album but recorded in the same sessions and later released as a single. Added horns from the orchestra and the return of the 'Brassy Gents' gave this already heavy track even more weight.
This momentous saga in human history was concluded with the pensive Tomorrow, using words from Astronauts Cernan and Schmitt, the last two men to land on the moon in December 1972 in the final Apollo mission. Subtle synth drums and later xylophone from Wrigglesworth (who was on superb form all night) combined with the rising choir and orchestra. Willgoose's skilful guitar work underpinned a recap of all the images so memorably shown on the giant T.V., which also underlined just how much of an impact the Space Race made through television. This resonant song touched on a spirituality and a different perspective that Space travel at that time gave to humanity about the Earth itself, and the Royal Albert Hall crowd rose to applaud the band as they left the stage to great acclaim. The Multi-Story Orchestra and London Contemporary Voices remained to elegiacally and atmospherically bring proceedings to a close as the lights dimmed.
The audience felt a palpable sense of celebration, both in the historic event itself, but also the scintillating performance. Public Service Broadcasting's music and images tell the stories of the real people at the centre of those events. This was not a hollow and mechanistic piece about machines and technology, but about the individual human beings who achieved so much. It was fitting that on a night commemorating one of Mankind's greatest achievements this was Public Service Broadcasting's Greatest Ever Night.
There was no encore… of course there was no encore – how could anything follow that truly remarkable story?!
[All photos by John Gleeson used with permission and many thanks.]
The Race For Space
Gagarin
Fire In The Cockpit
Korolev
[No Encore]
J. Willgoose Esquire – Guitars, Synths, Samples
Wrigglesworth – Drums, Percussion
JF Abraham – Bass Guitar, Guitar, Keyboards, Flugelhorn, Additional Percussion
'Mr B' – Keyboards, Visuals
~ with:
The 'Brassy Gents':
Johngy Rittipo Moore – Sax
Seb Philpott – Trumpet
Barnaby Philpott – Trombone
Ian Maxwell – Trombone
Rob Wilson – Trumpet
~ also:
Multi-Story Orchestra – Conductor: Christopher Stark
London Contemporary Orchestra – Choir Master: Alex Palmer
Public Service Broadcasting – Website | Facebook | Twitter
Tags: Public Service Broadcasting
Public Service Broadcasting →
Public Service Broadcasting – White Star Liner [EP] →
Public Service Broadcasting – Every Valley →
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Road test index
SM YouTube
Deconstructing the Ford Focus myth
The Ford Focus has just been voted at number 1 in a recent poll of the top 50 cars of the past 25 years. The Focus Mk1 is consistently lauded as a great car with fantastic handling and an innovative and 'funky' interior.
I beg to differ.
A few years back I took a new job where the 30 mile each way commute covered some of Hampshire's greatest roads. I still use those roads to test all press cars that come my way.
Given I'd be covering 60 miles each day I bought a Mk1 Ford Focus 1.8 Zetec. I'd heard a lot about the Focus and how it's handling was amongst the best on the road. It was black and had leather seats.
The Focus' interior is indeed different to other cars. It also felt plasticky and rather cold, not just to the touch but in terms of ambience. It suffered a lack of decent cubby holes as well.
The stereo was a 6CD player with FM radio. The CD player was almost permanently broken. It's a well known problem whereby when the CD is inserted the internal mechanism just chucks it on top of the others and scratches them all. I'd remove the unit every weekend and poke about at it to temporarily fix it.
The seats were leather but felt cheap and harsh. The rear part of the seat moved forward and back but if you lower the lower part of the seat the back stayed where it was. This meant you'd get a 2 inch gap between the 2 parts, right where your lower back is. It also had zero lumbar support.
My lower back was wrecked each time I drove it - and I was in it for 2 hours every day.
The handling is meant to to be the Focus' piece de resistance but I can only say it was OK. It handled better than a Golf but not much better than an Astra.
I went for the 1.8 because it is rated higher than the 2.0. It's meant to be a zingy, zippy little number with lots of pep and vim. Bollocks, it has hardly any power.
The car returned just over 30mpg which was about its only redeeming feature.
My Focus Mk1 felt like a tin can that was put together on the most stringent of budgets, not the greatest car of the past 25 years.
I sold it after 10 months and bought a Mk4 Golf, which does everything better than a Focus but has slightly less good steering. I could live with that.
Don't always believe the hype.
Article by Matt Hubbard
Labels: Blogs, Ford
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ECS Resource Group are currently recruiting for an IT Procurement Administrator to join a chartered surveyor based in Nottingham on a contract basis. The successful candidate will be providing a range of administration support across the internal IT team, and offering excellent customer service to clients. Also responsible for IT purchasing and ordering procedures, raising purchase orders, coordinating deliveries and communicating with suppliers.


Partnerships in Health Information (Phi) in collaboration with the Association for Health Information & Libraries in Africa (AHILA) is pleased to announce two small grants to support health librarians/ health information professionals in carrying out a small project of their choosing.
The grants are aimed to build on the Public Access to Health Information (PAHI) training workshops which have been held in several African countries (in English, French and Portuguese). The main aim of these PAHI workshops, (the most recent one having being held at AHILA 13 Congress, Cape Verde) has been to discuss what librarians can do, especially though partnership, to improve public access to health information. For more information on PAHI please see these slides.
The challenge is to develop an idea which will promote public access to health information in your country or community. Phi and AHILA are looking for innovative proposals which may be a workshop, or working locally with e.g. school/s; the public library service and /or with other health professionals. Preference will be given to proposals which involve team working with other professions; or bodies like government departments, or with other networks e.g. churches or non-profit organisations.
There are two awards each of USD1000 and these have been generously sponsored by International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP). The project proposals must be submitted by 8 April 2013.
All the details of the grants are available in in English, French and Portuguese.


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Dutch Players Abroad
An overview of football players in foreign competitions...
On this day:
Gerrit Visser was born in 1903.
Life After Football
Ibrahim Afellay
Birthdate: April 02, 1986 in Utrecht
International: 53(7) caps(goals)
Current club: Retired
Former club(s): PSV, Stoke City (Eng), Olympiakos (Gre), Schalke 04 (Ger), FC Barcelona (Spa), PSV, Elinkwijk
Dutch international attacking midfielder Ibrahim Afellay moved in winter break 2010-11 from PSV Eindhoven to FC Barcelona. The product of the PSV youth academy played his whole professional career for the Eindhoven based club before moving abroad. His contract was expiring in summer 2011 and with the mid-season transfer the Spanish club paid the Dutch a fee around two million euro. Afellay signed a 4,5 year contract until 2015 at the Spanish giants.
In the 2012-13 season, Afellay played for German outfit Schalke 04 on a loan contract. The 2013-14 season was full with injuries and he played just a few matches. For the 2014-15 season, Afellay will try his luck in Greece on a loan deal at Olympiakos Piraeus. At the end of the 2014�15 season, he was released by Barcelona.
Afellay joined Premier League side Stoke City on a two-year contract on 27 July 2015. In March 2017 his contract was extended until June 2019. In January 2019 Afellay was released from his contract. He was unable to return in fitness and returned home to recover at his former club PSV. In summer 2019 this was converted into a one year professional contract until June 2020. He was also appointed as captain that season but failed to make a lot of matchtime. His contract was not extended and he was looking elsewhere before deciding in January 2021 to hang up his boots and go in retirement. Former Dutch international Ibrahim Afellay is currently a football tv-pundit.
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