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Blog, Bears Fonte, Under Worlds Austin
Bears Fonte
THE COMMENTARY'S THE THING: the OWA Terror of Frankenstein Screening
I remember when DVD's were a new thing, and the Director's Commentary was what sold me. I converted all my old VHS tapes to the new format to hear words of wisdom from the creators of the film. It was a film class for those of us who weren't going to spend ridiculous sums on grad school (hint: go to theater school, they pay YOU). I remember BLACKHAWK DOWN had three different commentary tracks. And of course THE LORD OF THE RINGS films had so much material on the deluxe versions you wondered if you would finish before the next year's film made it out. Every once in a while you would stumble upon a commentary where the people didn't really seem to be happy to be in the room together, or spent the whole time talking around an issue or actor leaving the listener to connect the dots for themselves. When I recorded the director's commentary for my own feature (iCRIME, buy it used!) with the lead actress and the only producer I still talked to at the time, it was hard to keep my own suppressed feeling of bitterness in check as we rambled on watching a film we had shot two years ago, full of hopes and dreams.
Which leads me to one of the smartest films I've seen in a long time, DIRECTOR'S COMMENTARY: THE TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN, which makes its Texas Premiere as part of the OWA Orbiter Year Round Screening Series this month. The idea behind the film is that you are watching it with commentary turned on (it even opens with someone clicking through menus, looking at the 'photo gallery,' etc.) "The Terror of Frankenstein" is a very real movie. In fact, it's arguably the best ever made of Mary Shelley's book (and also probably the most true to the source material). However, the commentary that the audience is treated to for this screening is entirely fabricated. Director Tim Kirk and his co-writer Jay Kirk, along with Producer Rodney Ascher (ROOM 237, THE NIGHTMARE), have cast two voice actors to play the director and screenwriter of THE TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN, and these 'filmmakers' share on-set anecdotes as well as discuss the film's legacy.
[warning: spoilers follow]I cannot begin to explain how brilliant this set up is, because as the two discuss the film's notoriety it becomes very clear that most people's interest in the film stems not from what's on screen, but from a series of gruesome murders and a lengthy public trial of one of the cast members. Bits of the story leak out as they watch the film together, as well as old grudges and hints of blame. But it all starts very subtly, which is why it works so well. The audience is left to try to piece together what happened as they are asked to follow the placement and heaviness of a certain piece of prop luggage, which we later learn had parts of a dead body shoved in it. We learn that even the minor characters were killed off as the killer went on his spree, all the while the director praising himself for the performances he got.
As the film develops, it becomes suggested that possibly the production team should have been a little more implicated in the tragic trajectory for their questionable 'methods' including leaving one actor in the wilderness for weeks at a time. Finally, the lead actor shows up to join in the commentary and it all unravels. Leon Vitali, who played Victor Frankenstein in the actual TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN, lends his voice here as the actual Leon Vitali, who somehow survived the gruesome murders that seemed to take the lives of the rest of the cast. The fact that the DIRECTOR'S COMMENTARY team actually got the BARRY LYNDON and EYES WIDE SHUT actor to play along is a stroke of absolute brilliance and he adds a confusing air of sincerity that sends the meta-fiction into a bizarre brain melting spiral.
At the end of DIRECTOR'S COMMENTARY, I found myself struggling to unravel my feelings. It's a hilarious ride, and fantastically delightful and smart. Clearly the producers had to get the rights to the original film to do this one, because it is entirely dependent on being heard with THE TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN. I'm guessing that wasn't too hard, no one is aching to remake a film that was based on a work in the public domain anyway. When they got Leon Vitali in on the joke, it really lifted it to the level of art, rather than some sort of extended you tube video or Mystery Science 3000 episode. The voice talent admits right away that the actual listed writers and director of THE TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN are just pseudonyms, so that sort of distances them from Calvin and Yvonne Floyd, both of whom seem to be still alive – I wonder if they got paid? Much more disturbing is the case of Nicholas Clay, who played Lancelot in EXCALIBUR, and who becomes the murderous villain of the story within the story of Director's Commentary. Clay has been dead since 2000. I'm sure most of the world has not thought much about him since, but now he is a serial killer in the context of the film – Clay is, not the character he played in TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN.
So by name, Nicholas Clay is blamed for a series of murders and dragged through the (albeit made-up) mud, all without a say in it. I wonder about that. My wife is a lawyer, so many of our conversations end up on that Venn diagram of art and legality. Did the filmmakers get the rights to invent alternate history for the actors of the film? Should they have? Realistically someone could walk in on this thing (on tv, on dvd) and think it's all true. I'm not sure how I feel about that. I do know how I feel about the film itself, as a singular work of cinematic fiction. It is absolute genius and needs to be seen. See it at our Orbiter Year Round Event Screening if you can, just in case the lawyers clamp this one down.
Director's Commentary: The Terror of Frankenstein premiered at the Stanley Film Festival, fittingly the location of THE SHINING, the subject of Ascher's ROOM 237. Our Texas Premiere screening is Thursday, August 25th, at 9pm at Flix Brewhouse. More information is available here.
Tagged: OWA, Other Worlds Austin, Director's Commentary: The Terror of Frankenstein, director's commentary, Blackhawk Down, The Lord of the Rings, iCrime, OWA Orbiter Year Round Screening Series, OWA Orbiter, Mary Shelley, Tim Kirk, Jay Kirk, Rodney Ascher, Room 237, The Nightmare, The Terror of Frankenstein, meta, Leon Vitali, Barry Lyndon, Eyes Wide Shut, meta-fiction, public domain, Mystery Science Theater 3000, MST3000, Calvin Ford, Yvonne Floyd, Nicholas Clay, Lancelot, Excalibur, lawyer, art and legality, legality, Bears Fonte
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Home > About Us > News > Turn2us's Top Five News Stories
Turn2us's Top Five News Stories
Author:MartinKitara
Our pick of major stories of interest
Tory Welfare cuts will destroy benefit of new living wage, research shows
A record 6.5 million people – almost a quarter of UK workers – will remain trapped on poverty pay next year, despite George Osborne's 50p-an-hour increase in the national minimum wage, according to research by the Resolution Foundation think tank
Pop stars, world leaders rally to end poverty
New York (AFP) - Some of the biggest names in music and politics from Beyoncé to European prime ministers rallied in a concert aimed at mobilizing action to eradicate extreme poverty.
Jobs website criticised for 'offensive' homeless advertising campaign
A careers website has been flooded with complaints after it left cardboard signs reading "Found a Job" on fake "homeless beds" around London as part of a marketing campaign. The stunt by City Calling used blankets, sandals and dog bowls to create the illusion of a homeless person living on the street.
Redesign our education system to rescue people from poverty
Since the election, the political agenda has been dominated by global events: the migrant crisis, the European debate. However, we must remind ourselves that politicians are elected on their perceived ability to improve the country's wellbeing, as well as playing a good global game. The unsensational matter of education grabs little air time, but we should all pay attention. A lot has been said and spent on education, but the UK system is in crisis.
The Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission recently published a detailed report describing the existence of a "class ceiling". Its main thrust is that the top jobs go to the best educated, a function of class. Worryingly, it noted that Britain faces a permanent social divide if the "class ceiling" is not addressed.
Millions of Britons turn to credit when income changes unexpectedly
An estimated 6.5 million Britons have been forced to rely on credit in the past 12 months after their income unexpectedly took a turn for the worse, according to debt charity StepChange.
Previous Figures reveal 12% rise in homelessness
Next Labour sets out economic plan at party conference

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ah, Vicki Bonnington, the offical IS183 Fashion Guru…Always inspiring.
Check out her and our other Radioactive Bodega Models (Ms. Caity Delphia, Mr. David Scheckler, Ms. Seven Blakeman, and Mr. Evan Moriarty) from the Corporate Sponsor and Patron Thank You Pre-Party and then get your own Rad Bod on!
3 WEEKS TO GO!!!!!! RAD BOD 3/6/2010!!!!
T-MINUS 37 DAYS to RADIOACTIVE BODEGA!!!
The notorious IS183 decorating crew has kicked into gear!
and you have 37 Days to get your Radioactive Gear!
Mark Your Calendars…. 2/12 Radioactive Bodega Fine Art Auction Preview!!!!
Come and get your art!
Radioactive Bodega Fine Art Auction Preview!
Live music by John Clarke and Friends!
What to wear in post-apolcalyptic party attire from IS183's resident fashion maven and Executive Director extraordinaire!
Dress to see and be seen through a fallout cloud.
Swap your stiletto Blahniks for combat boots.
Trade in your Ray Bans for blast glasses.
Burn your feather boa; get an artillery belt.
Ditch the blow-out for a faux-hawk.
Prada suit? No way! Haz-Mat suit?


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Q: Installing latest version of Angular ui bootstrap I'm trying to get the latest version (0.13.0) of the angular-bootstrap repo.
I normally would npm install, but the angular-bootstrap npm package is still at version 0.12.0.
So I tried to install the latest commit from GitHub with npm install --save-dev git://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap.git#4c6e0, which was successful.
I then ran npm show angular-bootstrap version. However that returned 0.12.0, instead of 0.13.0 as expected.
There is another package called bootstrap-angular-npm, but I'm not sure if that's the right one for me.
Can anyone help me figuring out what I'm doing wrong?

A: I'm still not totally clear about this. What I ended up doing, which is suiting me fine is installing the angular-bootstrap-npm package.

A: Set up a bower.json file and specify the bootstrap version that you want to install.
Example:
{
  "name": "Demo",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "dependencies": {
     "angular-bootstrap": "0.13.0",
  },
  "authors": [
    "abcd"
  ],

}

Do a bower install from the command prompt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Whether you've invested in a modified bitumen, single ply, built-up roofing system, or something similar, we know you want your roof to remain in its best condition for as long as possible. With the application of roof coating, your roof is sure to have the ultimate guard and protection against potential threats, all the while conserving you time, money, and constant repairing efforts.
Roof coatings are liquid-applied roofing membranes designed to protect both old and newly installed roofing systems and elongate their lifespans by as much as 25 years. They are manufactured to have elastic-like properties that enable them to stretch and expand and then bounce back to their initial shape. Generally, roof coatings have more consistency than pain and take on a higher solids content, while maintaining large amounts of resin. This resin helps produce an elastomeric, sturdy film that further enables waterproofing and helps the roof coating mend cracks and membrane roofs that so often affect roofs over time.
Roof coatings are made to defend any type of roofing system on the market, making them a practical desire for building and homeowners throughout the United States. Most often, they take form in acrylic coatings, asphalt coatings, polyurethane coatings, and silicone coatings, each having a unique formula that helps its individual performance. For example, acrylic coatings may be the best option for waterproofing, while asphalt coatings are great for cold weather resistance. Still, they all apply high-performing layers to your roof that extend protection in many forms.
The advantages of apply roof coatings are not slim by any means. As we've covered previously, roof coatings are guaranteed to further preserve roof lives, but you may be interested in learning how. For one thing, this finishing touch excels in preventing and deterring water, chemical, and external damages to your roof. In many cases, they also add an extra layer of shielding against water that helps keep the interior of your home or building dry.
In addition to its ultimate defense against weather and nature threats, roof coatings are also a practical application for those looking to save energy within their home or building. In particular, reflective roof coatings reflect light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation in order to minimize the temperature of the roof, which results in a sharp decline air conditioning costs. It also manages to decrease indoor temperatures inside buildings that do not have air conditioning units installed. Over a period of time, lowering cooling costs in high-temperature areas will help lift the burden off the electrical network while also reducing the chances of power outages.
While roof coatings are certainly beneficial, it's important to exercise some caution in terms of preventing puddles forming near and inside the roof's drains and scuppers. Some roof coatings are not manufactured to withstand pond-like water or protect against its potential damage, and oftentimes, warranties do not cover such an event. Luckily, this can usually be prevented if one selects just the right type of coating for their roof.


From pre-war Europe to women in wartime, discover fascinating facts about all aspects of World War I.
With the 100th Anniversary of the end of the war in 2018, DKfindout!
World War I helps kids discover what caused the conflict and what were the most important battles.
The DKfindout! series will satisfy any child who is eager to learn - and keep them coming back for more!Discover key World War I facts and hear from veterans firsthand, DKfindout!
World War I is packed with key facts, fun quizzes and incredible images of World War I.
This book is a must have for budding historians. Silver award winner in the MadeForMums Awards 2017 children's books series category.


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President Obama Partially Removes Democratic Disguise by Mistake
"I thought it was just my jacket. Oops," explained the President.
BSERVERS OF THE controversial debt-ceiling talks in Washington D.C. are saying that President Obama's inexplicable willingness to cut Social Security and Medicare benefits is now completely understandable, ever since the president inadvertently pulled off part of his Democratic disguise yesterday while attempting to remove only his suit jacket.
Caught in front of reporters removing the Democratic outerwear, Mr. Obama muttered sheepishly, "I thought it was just my jacket. Oops," before hastily covering himself with part of his left-leaning camouflage.
Some Obama watchers have long suspected something was amiss, citing as just one example the President's willingness to cut Social Security for average Americans, who suffered great hardships after the financial collapse, while lunching with Wall Street bankers who caused the financial crisis in the first place.
Said one White House reporter, "He sure acts like a Republican, even though he ran as a Democrat. He bends over backwards to compromise with Republicans in Congress, while castigating members of what is supposed to be his own party. This all makes perfect sense now."
Congressional Republicans, for their part, have done a complete about face and now unanimously approve of President Obama's performance in the debt-ceiling discussions.
"We couldn't be more supportive of the President during these difficult negotiations," said House Speaker John Boehner. "Imagine how hot it's been for him all these months in that sweltering Democrat clothing. It kind of makes me want to cry," Boehner added, dabbing his eyes with a handkerchief.
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell concurred. "We're going to wrap up these talks in no time," he said. "The President has Republicans' unwavering support for reducing all that wasteful government spending on Social Security and Medicare. I think it's safe to say that he speaks our language, and it ain't Liberalese."
President Obama would not directly answer reporters' questions about his Democratic disguise, instead deflecting the topic by announcing that "invitations are in the mail" to Congressional Democrats to join him at the White House for what he called "a very special luncheon" featuring rock soup and complimentary Reagan bobblehead door prizes "on their way out."
© 7.25.11 Kate Heidel


Kettering Physician Network Women's Health - Advanced specializes in Obstetric and Gynecology Medicine for patients in Beavercreek, Ohio, and surrounding communities. Our practice has been providing exceptional medical care to the women of our community for many years. Because each woman is unique in her journey through life's stages, we strive to provide individualized care to each of our patients. In order to do this, we must first listen. As medical experts in women's healthcare, we will then work one on one with the patient to develop the best plan of care, personalized to her needs and desired outcome. You, the patient, are our priority and we feel privileged to be a partner in your healthcare, now and in years to come.


I'm not affiliated with the sponsoring group, but just learned about this so I thought I'd share. My husband and I are registered and will be attending the Saturday activities (definitely not Sunday, and Friday is iffy), but if anyone else from here ends up going I'd be happy to meet up somewhere during the day.
If you're on Meetup.com, you can find the event listing in the DC VA MD Scooter Riders meetup group.
Email List serve will be created from registrations.
8:00am Roll Out Greenbelt National Park with swing by for Courtyard and Resident Inn Greenbelt For destination Casa Italiana.
9:00am - Rally Up in front of Casa Italiana, 595 Third Street, NW, Washington, DC. Complimentary espresso/cappuccino and biscotti at Casa Italiana.
10:00am 150 cc+ follow (50 cc leaders) to Mall, Memorials, Tidal Basin, Haynes Point, US Capitol and then out to new Guinness Brewery Restaurant in Relay, MD for lunch.
12:00pm 50 cc lunch at Pasta Plus / 150+ cc lunch at Guinness Brewery Restaurant. Baltimore Hop Heads Scooter Club to meet up with us for lunch in Relay, MD.
4:00pm All scooters return to Washington to rally at Kennedy Center for tour.
8:30pm Vespisti attend Billy Price Band Concert at Milkboy ArtHouse - sponsored by La Moto Washington.
9:00am Optional Run to Casa Italiana for Capuccino/Cafe' and biscotti. Out of town Vespisti may choose to go home.


Harington was born in Acton, Greater London. His name originally comes from the 16th-century poet known as Christopher Marlowe. However, over time he has preferred to be called 'Kit' rather than Christopher.
Harington's official debut as an actor came through a west end play in London called War Horse. This was during his time studying at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, where he graduated in 2008. Harington's career has enabled him to expand his acting into different platforms, featuring in the popular computer game, Call of Duty: Infinity warfare. Harington voiced the character, Salen Kotch.
The role of Jon Snow in Game of Thrones gave Harington the opportunity to attain worldwide acknowledgement. Attaining a range of awards for multiple nominations, particularly around the best supporting actor.


As we enter the fall period of the year, it's a good time to remind sprinkler owners of some basic seasonal themes to remember. Grass has different irrigation needs depending on the time of year it is, and your sprinkler settings should be adjusted appropriately.
At Greenside, we're here to help. Our residential sprinkler system services include offering you tips and advice on how to properly operate your system regardless of the season. Let's look at some of the basics of why different levels are needed in different seasons, plus some recommendations for how to adjust your settings.
It's important to understand that plants and grass are not like bears or other creatures that hibernate during the winter while waiting for new life to begin in spring and sustaining themselves through reserves built up in advance. Plants don't hibernate in this way – they don't need additional water or nutrients to be collected in advance before the winter season, so this isn't a factor you have to consider.
During the spring, plants and grass need lots of water to help them grow after the long winter. In summer, the water demands rise even higher to sustain this growth, plus combat evaporation and heavy heat on plants. During the late summer and into fall, plants and grass need less water – heat is lower, and plants are preparing to go into their dormant phase.
To learn more about proper sprinkler run times, or to find out about our residential sprinkler system repairs and services, speak to the pros at Greenside today.


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You Are Here: Home → 2015 → February → 24 → 'Foul play' suspected in OFW's death in Saudi
'Foul play' suspected in OFW's death in Saudi
Dee Ayroso February 24, 2015 fors recruitment agency, Migrante International, mysterious deaths of OFWs, OFWs in Saudi Arabia, POEA
Rochelle Masubay (Photo courtesy of Migrante Internaional)
"They are obviously hiding something. The family has strong reason to believe that Masubay did not commit suicide."
The OFW group Migrante International is calling on government to investigate the alleged suicide of a Filipina domestic worker in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The remains of Rochelle Lechido Masubay, 34, was repatriated on Feb. 14, seven months after she allegedly locked herself up in her room, and was found dead with a knife to her chest.
Masubay's family condemned the government for "covering up" a possible foul play in her death, Migrante International said in a statement.
Masubay, 34, a native of Tacloban, Leyte and a mother of two, was deployed as a domestic worker in Taif, Saudi Arabia by the Forst Recruitment Agency on May 25, 2014. Her common-law husband Rodolfo Malinao last talked to her on June 26, 2014, after which, all his efforts to contact her failed.
This January, Malinao went to the Fors Recruitment agency and reported her missing. It was then that the agency told him that she had been dead since October 16, 2014 because she committed suicide. Her death certificate, however, put her date of death on July 1, 2014.
The Fors staff told Malinao that his wife allegedly locked herself up in her room, and after two days, her employer called the police. "When the police forcibly opened her door, she was found dead with a knife stuck to her heart," said the Migrante statement.
"We demand to know the real circumstances of Masubay's death. Why did it take too long, half a year, for the family to be informed of her death?"said Sol Pillas, Migrante International secretary-general.
"Worse, the family was duped into signing a compromise agreement ensuring that they would not file any charges, under the pretext that such a document is a requirement for the repatriation of her remains," Pillas said.
On February 3, when Malinao went to the Philippine Overseas EmploymentAgency (POEA) to arrange for the repatriation of her remains, Migrante said, he was asked to sign "a quitclaim in exchange for Php 119,240 from a certain Pioneer Insurance Agency."
In the document, Malinao agrees that he would not file any criminal or civil complaint against Fors Recruitment Agency, the POEA or "any administrative agency." Malinao signed the document because the POEA "told him that it was the only way to expedite the repatriation of his wife's remains," Migrante said.
"Nowhere in the repatriation process does it state a compromise agreement as a requirement for repatriation. What reasons does the POEA have to white-wash or cover-up Masubay's mysterious death?" Pillas said.
Migrante called on the Department of Foreign Affairs to investigate Masubay's death and the reasons for the "compromise agreement."
"They are obviously hiding something. The family has strong reason to believe that Masubay did not commit suicide," said Pillas.
Pillas said they "join the quest for justice" of Masubay's family, as they kick off the "Remember Flor@20 Campaign" on March 17, the 20th year of the execution of OFW Flor Contemplacion, who was hanged to death in Singapore after being falsely convicted of killing fellow OFW Delia Maga.


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Transforming Small Businesses for Better Operations.
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We believe Cloud computing solutions provide small businesses with the potential to increase productivity, reduce cost, minimize risk and increase competitive advantage. Microsoft provides secure and compliant cloud for businesses of all sizes. We are a Microsoft Partner and specialize in deploying Microsoft solutions like Azure Cloud servers, SharePoint Online, Exchange Online and Office 365 applications.
We develop deep relationships with our clients so we can provide the best service. The better we understand our clients the better the service. This enables us to anticipate their needs ever before they clients realize it.
Whether its Empowering Employees to do more, Optimizing Business Operations or Protecting business data; our solutions are designed to address our clients' desired outcomes.
We primarily work with small businesses with 100 employees or less. We work with businesses from various industries like Education, Healthcare, Legal, Real Estate, Accounting, Non Profit and many others.


On Your Marks, Get Ready… Go!
Whether it is the 5km, 10km or the half-marathon you are running at the IDBI-2016 here are some superb last-day tips for you. Before I begin, I would like to remind you that if you are running the half-marathon tomorrow I hope you will have selected your free pacing band for the target times of your choice that I spoke about here. Print, laminate, cut, wear, pose and run! The video is here.
For many of you this might be your first race, for others it might be just another one added to a growing list. For some it might be about taking in the wonderful sights, for others it might be about obtaining a PB (personal best) and, for yet others, it might be about pacing a friend to help them achieve their PB. You might be from Mumbai or from out-of-town but here are some tips especially for you.
Life is full of twists and turns. The half-marathon has 21 turns of which 7 are pretty much like U-turns. If you are focusing on a blistering pace, this is something to be aware of. I won second place in a half-marathon last October with almost 60 turns so I know it's not a lot of fun. But that's not why I told you, soon after that race, why you need not run!
If you are fast and ahead of the pack, you might get sent the wrong way (I've won a race because I memorized a route in another city and my primary competitor, who was from that city and noticeably faster, was sent the wrong way).
The usual… Rest your legs well, sleep on time, and eat/drink sensibly today. Remember what I said about process for performance barely 10 days ago? Give that more thought too! Enjoy the day and have a wonderful experience.
Wonderful Puru D Guru for d tips n guiding d runners in a motivational way!
I actually found this more entiitaenrng than James Joyce.


One of the things my agent always stresses on me is the need for agency. A character needs to be doing things, rather than have things happen to them.
Whilst early drafts can be guilty of forgetting that, it's something I do believe in enough that I apply it to my own life. I always need to be doing something, improving myself in one way or another, whether it be working on a new idea or new skills that can help support myself. So I might go down a rabbit hole of learning about social media for a couple of weeks, but the net result will be things that should help my marketing going forwards.
I should always be moving forwards, which is why times like this are incredibly frustrating.
The injured finger still hurts, is still unusable. I find it difficult to type, to drive. There's no way, even with the best hand protection in the world, that I can fight any sort of two-handed weapon system. Heck, I find one handed hard enough. And to make matters worse, I really do feel like it's starting to get infected.
The net result is that I'm not looking forward to my competitions this weekend. They were meant to be a way to pick myself up after last year's tournament disappointment. I eased myself into the year after forcing myself to take a break. And then with the finger injury I've been forced to stop.
I think stopping was a sensible idea. As much I miss that part of me that would just strap up the hand and battle on, I think given the seriousness of the injury I've done the right thing. Nothing is lost by taking a forced break. Better I get myself well and come back – literally – fighting. But I'm so frustrated at my lack of momentum at the moment.
Perhaps there's a lesson in humility in all this. Perhaps I can use it as a reminder that nothing is given, everything has to be fought for, and no-one is beyond crashing out on their arse. I always say that the writing and the swordfighting are connected, so perhaps there's a lesson here ready for when a book bombs or an advance isn't anywhere near what I hoped.
It doesn't help that I'm currently at the stage where I've pretty much done everything I can with my writing. Book 1 is with my agent and awaiting feedback. Book 2 has been drafted and beta read but needs some rewriting once I know whether an editor or my agent wants further changes. And Book 3 is being sketched out with the aim of getting a synopsis. Anything more would be a waste as small changes in book 1 will have bigger impact on book 2 which could mean major changes in book 3.
So it's not so much that I'm at a crossroads, but have done everything I can. Maybe I should look at it that I'm prepared, I'm ready… but I just feel restless. I want to get book 1 out there, I want to get book 2 revised, I want to come up with an awesome book 3. And I want to fight. I want to love it as much as I did and make myself better.
I long for agency, and perhaps it's there, in the background. But with my nose against the grindstone, I just can't see it right now.


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Carlos Hugo Christensen (Santiago del Estero, 15 de desembre de 1914, - Rio de Janeiro, 30 de novembre de 1999) va ser un destacat guionista i director de cinema argentí. Va realitzar nombroses pel·lícules al seu país d'origen, igual que a Xile, Perú, Veneçuela i Brasil, on es va radicar des de la dècada de 1950. Encara estava en plena activitat en aquest últim país al moment de la seva mort, el 1999.

Els seus primers anys
Era d'ascendència danesa pel costat patern. Va començar una relació amb el cinema que seguiria fins a la seva mort quan als dotze anys el seu pare li va regalar un petit projector amb una única i curtíssima pel·lícula que va exhibir nombroses vegades tant per a si com per als seus amics. Després es va mudar a Buenos Aires amb la seva família, va cursar els estudis secundaris al Col·legi Nacional Belgrano i va ingressar en la Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres. Als 16 anys va organitzar i va dirigir, a un cinema de Lomas de Zamora, un espectacle musical amb alumnes de la seva ex escola primària, i més endavant va començar a escriure en vers i en prosa. Després va publicar alguns petits llibres i diversos articles a la revista El Hogar i sota la prefectura del dramaturg Samuel Eichelbaum va exercir la crítica cinematogràfica en una publicació.

La seva activitat al cinema
Treballant en la radiofonia va conèixer a César Guerrico, que estava a càrrec dels estudis Lumiton, i pel seu intermedi va ingressar en aquesta productora i va iniciar en ella un aprenentatge com a ajudant en contacte amb les primeres figures de l'espectacle d'aquest moment, posant en això la passió, interès i intuïció que mai ho abandonaria. En 1939 va dirigir la seva primera pel·lícula, El buque embotellado que no va ser exhibida. La següent El inglés de los güesos, protagonitzada per Arturo García Buhr i Anita Jordán va ser en 1940 i va tenir l'elogi de la crítica i l'entusiasme del públic. A partir d'allí va començar una carrera que transitaria pels més diversos gèneres, incloent-hi l'adaptació de clàssics literaris, les comèdies sobre les desventures matrimonials, els melodrames amb càrrega eròtica i excel·lents temàtiques policials. Molt acurat en la fotografia i també en la direcció d'actors.

Si bé els seus primers títols alternaven el apicarado amb el convencional, posteriorment la forta arpa dramàtica de Christensen es va posar en relleu a Safo, historia de una pasión (1943); El ángel desnudo (1946), on va mostrar una sensual Olga Zubarry; Los pulpos (1947), o Los verdes paraísos (1947). En el gènere policial va destacar amb La muerte camina en la lluvia (1948), La trampa, No abras nunca esa puerta i Si muero antes de despertar.

L'audàcia de diverses de les seves pel·lícules i el seu temperament li van ocasionar conflicte amb els organismes fiscalitzadors de la moral i els bons costums. Als anys 1950 va decidir seguir la seva carrera fora del país i es va dirigir cap a Mèxic però en el camí perquè després de filmar a Xile i Veneçuela es va radicar al Brasil, on va continuar treballant i residint. També al Brasil va filmar el 1958 Amor para Três, remake de La señora de Pérez se divorcia i Matemática Zero, Amor Dez, remake de La pequeña señora de Pérez.

El 30 de novembre de 1999 va morir a conseqüència d'un atac cardíac en el seu domicili de Rio de Janeiro, deixant sense completar el film La casa de azúcar, basat en un conte de Silvina Ocampo que estava dirigint. Des de 1947, estava casat amb l'actriu argentina Susana Freyre i era avi de l'actriu Paula Christensen.

Filmografia

Com a director
 A Casa de Açúcar (1996)
 ¿Somos? (1982)
 Runnin' After Love (1980)
 A Intrusa (1979)
 A Morte Transparente (1978)
 Enigma para Demônios (1975)
 A Mulher do Desejo (1975)
 Caingangue (1973)
 Uma Pantera em Minha Cama (1971)
 Anjos e Demônios (1970)
 Como Matar um Playboy (1968)
 O Menino e o Vento (1967)
 Bossa Nova (1964)
 Crônica da Cidade Amada (1964)
 Viagem aos Seios de Duília (1964)
 O Rei Pelé (1962)
 Esse Rio que Eu Amo (1960)
 Meus Amores no Rio (1959)
 Amor para Três (1958)
 Matemática Zero, Amor Dez (1958)
 Leonora dos Sete Mares (1955)
 Mãos Sangrentas (1955)
 María Magdalena (1954)
 Un ángel sin pudor (1953)
 Armiño negro (1953)
 No abras nunca esa puerta (1952)
 Si muero antes de despertar (1952)
 El demonio es un ángel (1949) (Filmada a Veneçuela)
 La trampa (1949)
 La balandra Isabel llegó esta tarde (1950) (Filmada a Veneçuela)
 ¿Por qué mintió la cigüeña? (1949)
 La muerte camina en la lluvia (1948)
 Los pulpos (1948)
 Una atrevida aventurita (1948)
 Con el diablo en el cuerpo (1947)
 Los verdes paraísos (1947)
 El ángel desnudo (1946)
 Adán y la serpiente (1946)
 La dama de la muerte (1946) (Xile)
 La señora de Pérez se divorcia (1945)
 El canto del cisne (1945)
 Las seis suegras de Barba Azul (1945)
 La pequeña señora de Pérez (1944)
 Dieciséis años (1943)
 Safo, historia de una pasión (1943)
 Los chicos crecen (1942)
 Noche de bodas (1942)
 Locos de verano(1942)
 La novia de primavera (1942)
 Águila Blanca (1941)
 El inglés de los güesos (1940)
 El buque embotellado (inèdita 1939)

Com a guionista
 A Casa de Açúcar (1996)
 ¿Somos? (1982)
 A Intrusa (1979)
 A Morte Transparente (1978)
 Enigma para Demônios (1975)
 A Mulher do Desejo (1975)
 Caingangue (1973)
 Uma Pantera em Minha Cama (1971)
 Anjos e Demônios (1970)
 Como Matar um Playboy (1968)
 O Menino e o Vento (1967)
 Crônica da Cidade Amada (1964)
 Viagem aos Seios de Duília (1964)
 Esse Rio que Eu Amo (1960)
 Meus Amores no Rio (1959)
 Matemática Zero, Amor Dez (1958)
 Leonora dos Sete Mares (1955)
 Mãos Sangrentas (1955)
 María Magdalena (1954)
 La trampa (1949)
 La balandra Isabel llegó esta tarde (1950)
 La muerte camina en la lluvia (1948)
 El ángel desnudo (1946)
 Los chicos crecen (1942)
 El inglés de los güesos (1940)

Com a productor
 A Intrusa (1979)
 A Morte Transparente (1978)
 Enigma para Demônios (1975)
 A Mulher do Desejo (1975)
 Uma Pantera em Minha Cama (1971)
 Anjos e Demônios (1970)
 Como Matar um Playboy (1968)
 O Menino e o Vento (1967)
 Crônica da Cidade Amada (1964)
 Viagem aos Seios de Duília (1964)
 Esse Rio que Eu Amo (1960)
 Meus Amores no Rio (1959)
 Paraíso robado (1951)

Com a actor
 Meus Amores no Rio (1959)

Referències

Bibliografia

Directors de cinema argentins
Directors de cinema brasilers
Guionistes argentins
Guionistes brasilers
Persones de Santiago del Estero
Morts a Rio de Janeiro

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Now that the open is coming to a close we are restructuring our specialty classes after the feedback we received from you. We will be holding one Olympic Weightlifting class on Thursdays from 9:30 - 10:30am and a new Gymnastics class on Saturdays from 8:00 - 9:00. As always, let us know if you have any questions.
We also want to spotlight our 30-Minute skill sessions. These sessions are a great opportunity to get some one-on-one coaching on anything you want to brush up on. We will give you targeted homework to take with you and work on. Let us help you check off those goals. We will be adding all of our coaches schedules over the coming weeks for you to choose from.
* You can only change weights after both minutes have been completed. Climb to Moderate weight.
* Accumulate 250 Sit-Ups. You must switch when partner drops the bag or after 20 Sit-ups have been completed.


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text:
How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Lung Cancer?
by Dr. C.H. Weaver M.D. 11/2019
Quit Smoking - Its Never Too Late
Smoking accounts for a large majority of lung cancer deaths in both men and women, meaning that the best way to reduce the risk of lung cancer is never to smoke. But for both men and women who do smoke, it's important to realize that quitting smoking provides important lung cancer benefits. (1-3)
Compared with nonsmokers, women who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day are roughly 20 times more likely to die of lung cancer.(2) For a woman who was a heavy smoker, the risk of dying of lung cancer drops to roughly ninefold higher than a nonsmoker within six to 10 years of quitting and to less than threefold higher by 16 years after quitting. So although it's true that never-smokers have the lowest lung cancer death rates, women who are smokers can greatly reduce their risk of lung cancer by quitting smoking.
The results of a study published in the British Journal of Cancer indicate that men who quit smoking can significantly reduce their risk of developing lung cancer. The benefit of quitting was found even if men waited until middle age to do so.(3)
Lung cancer is the most common of all cancers world wide, and smoking can be attributed to 85% of diagnosed cases of lung cancer due to the damage of lungs caused by cigarettes. Factors determining a smoker's risk include the number of years the person has been smoking, as well as the number of cigarettes smoked each day.
In this study, researchers gathered data from 6,523 patients who had been diagnosed with lung cancer and 9,648 individuals who had not been diagnosed with lung cancer from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Sweden. The risk of developing lung cancer among smokers were between 6%-15% in the UK, Germany, Italy and Sweden. The risk of developing lung cancer was reduced by 80%-91% in men who quit smoking before the age of 40. In further analysis, the risk of developing lung cancer was reduced by 57%-69% in men who quit smoking before the age of 50.(3)
Avoidance of Secondhand Smoke
Avoidance of secondhand smoke is also important. Secondhand smoke is the third-leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. It is thought to account for roughly 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year. (4) Fortunately, policies to eliminate smoking in indoor public places have had a dramatic effect on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the United States. Between 1988 and 2002, the percentage of U.S. nonsmokers who had evidence of cotinine in their blood fell from 88 to 43 percent. (5) Cotinine is a byproduct of nicotine metabolism and indicates recent exposure to tobacco smoke. Because smoking rates did not change greatly during this time period, these improvements are likely due to a reduction in smoking in public places.
Lung Cancer in Never-smokers
An estimated 15 percent of lung cancer diagnoses among U.S. women occur among women who have never smoked. (6) Factors such as secondhand smoke, residential radon exposure, and familial susceptibility are known to contribute to some cases of lung cancer in never-smokers, but the cause of many cases remains unknown.
Lung cancer that develops in never-smokers appears to have different biologic characteristics than lung cancer that develops in smokers. For example, lung cancer in never-smokers tends to be more responsive to drugs such as Tarceva. To further explore the optimal approach to the treatment of lung cancer in never-smokers, a handful of clinical trials are now focusing specifically on never-smokers. Continued research into the ways in which lung cancer in never-smokers differs from lung cancer in smokers will help further individualize lung cancer treatment and may offer new insights into prevention.
An issue that remains uncertain is whether female never-smokers are more likely than male never-smokers to develop lung cancer. A higher rate of lung cancer among female never-smokers has been reported but a recent combined analysis of several previous studies raised some doubts about these findings. (7-9) In the combined analysis, the overall frequency of lung cancer was similar among male and female never-smokers. In certain age groups, however, there did appear to be differences in lung cancer incidence rates between men and women: among younger never-smokers, women had higher rates of lung cancer than men, whereas the reverse was true among older never-smokers. This variability by age did not meet the criteria for statistical significance, however, suggesting that it could have occurred by chance alone. A point on which there is more agreement is that female never-smokers have a lower rate of death from lung cancer than male never-smokers.
The Risk of Radon
Radon is a radioactive gas produced by the decay of naturally occurring uranium in soil and water. It has no color, odor, or taste.[15] In the United States, radon is the leading cause of lung cancer in nonsmokers and the second-leading cause of lung cancer overall. It is thought to account for 21,000 lung cancer deaths in the United States each year, with 2,900 of those deaths occurring in nonsmokers.[13] Worldwide, the World Health Organization estimates that up to 15 percent of lung cancers are caused by radon.[16]
For most individuals homes are the greatest source of radon exposure. An estimated one in 15 U.S. homes has high levels of radon.[13]Within a home radon levels tend to be highest in basements and cellars and other parts of the house that are in contact with the ground. Within a neighborhood radon concentrations can vary greatly from house to house.
The Environmental Protection Agency Issues Health Advisory on Radon to Prevent Lung Cancer
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has urged Americans to test for radon gas in their homes to prevent lung cancer. In a separate report, researchers from Europe published the latest analysis of the effects of radon in homes and the risk of lung cancer in the February issue of the British Journal of Medicine. The EPA notes that the principal source of radon in homes is likely to be soil gas that is drawn indoors.(4,10-13)
Radon gas is a term used for the short-lived radioactive disintegration products of the chemically inert gas radon-222. Radon occurs naturally from the decay of uranium-238. Radon affects humans by seeping through the soil and into buildings. Some buildings have a high concentration of radon and others a low concentration and the only way to know is by direct testing. The EPA report suggests that radon can accumulate in homes, especially in the winter months, which is the optimal time they suggest for testing. The EPA report suggests that this is a problem for 1 in 15 homes in the US. (4,11)
To identify high levels of radon, homeowners should test for radon every two years, or whenever they move, make structural changes to their homes, or occupy a previously unused level of their home. Do-it-yourself radon test kits are available at many hardware stores, and testing can also be performed by a professional. If the test identifies high radon levels (greater than 4 picocuries per liter, steps to reduce radon include increasing ventilation under floors and sealing gaps and cracks in floors. During the construction of new homes, radon-reduction measures can be built into the house from the start.(10-13)
Cruciferous Vegetables May Reduce Risk of Lung Cancer
According to a study published in Lancet, cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and brussel sprouts may reduce the risk of lung cancer; the extent of protection appears to vary by genotype.
Studies of diet and lung cancer have consistently reported that eating vegetables-particularly cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli-may protect against cancer.
In order to provide additional information about the link between vegetable intake and lung cancer, an international group of researchers assessed whether the anti-lung cancer benefit of eating vegetables varied by a person's genotype.
Research focused on two genes: GSTM1 and GSTT1. Patients with "null" variants of one or both of these genes have lower levels of glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme involved in the elimination of isothiocyanates from the body. Because isothiocyanates are thought to be one of the components of vegetables that protect against cancer, people who have less ability to eliminate this compound (as a result of having a null variant of the GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 gene) may derive more of an anticancer effect from vegetables.
The study involved 2141 subjects with lung cancer and a comparison group of 2168 subjects without lung cancer. All patients were enrolled from countries in central and eastern Europe. Information about cruciferous vegetable intake was collected from a questionnaire that asked about cabbage and a combination of brussel sprouts and broccoli. (14)
Overall, people who ate higher levels of cruciferous vegetables were less likely to develop lung cancer. People who ate cruciferous vegetables at least one a week had a 22% lower risk of lung cancer compared to people who ate cruciferous vegetables less than monthly. As expected, the benefit was particularly apparent among people with the null variant of GSTM1, GSTT1, or both. Among those with the highest vegetable intake, risk of lung cancer was reduced by 33% among people who were GSTM1 null, by 37% among people who were GSTT1 null, and by 72% among those who were both GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null. Among subjects who were not null for either gene, there was no significant link between vegetable intake and lung cancer risk.
The researchers conclude, "These data provide strong evidence for a substantial protective effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption on lung cancer."
What About Lung Cancer Screening?
For cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer, the early detection of disease through the screening of asymptomatic individuals has contributed to decreased rates of death from these cancers. Understandably, there has also been a great deal of interest in whether lung cancer screening scans could reduce lung cancer mortality.
Early detection of lung cancer has proven more difficult. In order for new screening methods to be adopted into routine clinical care, the measures must identify cancer early enough to improve outcomes, must be economically feasible, and must detect cancer with an acceptable degree of accuracy.
Low-dose CT scans are a type of imaging that can identify smaller nodules than chest X-rays, making them a strong candidate for lung cancer screening. Low-dose CT is best used on high-risk individuals (smokers and older individuals, for example because CT scans can have false-positive results, which can lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. In high-risk populations, however, the benefits of screening with low-dose CT scans outweigh the harm and in 2015 the USPSTF made the following recommendations:
Lung cancer screening should be performed in people age 55 to 80 who have a 30-pack-year or greater history of smoking...
A "pack-year" refers to someone who has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day for a year. Someone who smokes a pack a day will take 30 years to reach 30 pack-years; however, someone who smokes two packs a day will take only 15 years to reach that limit.
Who are either current smokers, or who have quit in the past 15 years.
The screening should be provided in academic medical centers and other sites with specialized radiologists and surgeons on staff. Under the new guidelines, about 8 million people would be eligible for annual screening. If all of these people complied with screening guidelines, about 4,000 cancer deaths per year could be prevented.
Who Should Be Screened for Lung Cancer?
Crispo A, Brennan P, Jockel KH, et al. The cumulative risk of lung cancer among current, ex- and never smokers in European men. British Journal of Cancer. Advanced online publication August 3, 2004; doi: 10.1038/sjc.bjc6602078.
US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004. Available at: .
US Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General–2001. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2001.
US Environmental Protection Agency. Indoor Air Quality: Radon: Health Risks: Exposure to Radon Causes Lung Cancer in Non-smokers and Smokers Alike. Available at: . Accessed December 27, 2008.
Pirkle JL, Bernert JT, Caudill SP, Sosnoff CS, Pechacek TF. Trends in the exposure of nonsmokers in the U.S. population to secondhand smoke: 1988-2002*. Environmental Health Perspectives.*2006;114(6):853-58.
Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers—a different disease. Nature Reviews. Cancer. 2007;7(10):778-90.
Wakelee HA, Chang ET, Gomez SL, et al. Lung cancer incidence in never smokers. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007;25(5):472-78.
Freedman ND, Leitzmann MF, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of lung cancer in men and women: Analysis of a prospective cohort study. *Lancet Oncology.*2008;9(7):649-56.
Thun MJ, Hannan LM, Adams-Campbell LL, et al. Lung cancer occurrence in never-smokers: An analysis of 13 cohorts and 22 cancer registry studies. PLoS Medicine. 2008;5(9):e185.
Surgeon General Releases National Health Advisory on Radon [press release]. US Department of Health and Human Services. January 13, 2005. Available at: .
Hill ADD, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, et al. Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. British Journal of Medicine . 2005;330:220-225.
Watts G. Science Commentary: Radon blues. British Journal of Medicine. 2005;330:226-227
Brennan P, Hsu CC, Moullan N et al. Effect of Cruciferous Vegetables on Lung Cancer in Patients Stratified by Genetic Status: a Mendelian Randomisation Approach. Lancet. 2005;366:1558-60.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Lung Cancer Screening for High-Risk Populations in Final Statement [news bulletin]. USPSTF website. Available at: . uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/ newsroom#2013. Accessed October 16, 2015.
ahref="
The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. New EnglandJournal of Medicine. 2011;365:395-409.
Tammemägi MC, Berg CD, Riley TL, Cunningham CR, Taylor KL. Impact of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2014;106(6):dju084. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju084.
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Radon | US EPA
Exposure to radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and invisible gas produced by the decay of naturally occurring uranium in soil and water.
The web server has encountered an error with the site.
Panel of health care experts that evaluates the latest scientific evidence on clinical preventive services. The Task Force will release new recommendations as they are completed.
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org
Lung cancer screening with MRI: results of the first screening round. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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text:
Renewables Value Chain
全球能源业务基础
科罗拉多大学系统
4.6(314 个评分) | 21K 名学生已注册
Learn about diverse and integrated markets for primary energy, and the essential considerations driving business leaders and policy makers in development of global energy resources.
Business Analytics, Economics, Energy, Business Analysis, Strategic Analysis
4.6(314 个评分)
Great introduction to the world of energy business. Provides the basic tools one needs to further analyse energy firms and markets.
Lots of great information. The 2 case studies really help me understand how best to use the tools presented.
Key Capabilities for Energy Business - Alternative Resources
A range of technological and commercial factors determine accessibility and utilization of unconventional energy resources. These lectures review considerations essential to the development of alternative sources of energy, including nuclear and various renewable resources.
Renewables Value Chain15:13
Renewables Market Activity24:33
Renewables Business Issues13:26
Michael J. Orlando
The last of the sectors I would like to take a look at
are the various renewables industries.
And one way to think of renewables is that, in a sense,
they are at least largely a result of sunlight we're experiencing now,
whether that's directly in the form of solar energy or
indirectly when we're harnessing some kind of flow,
either flowing water or blowing wind which you can think of as an artifact
of weather which is an artifact of energy taken from the sun.
So the exceptions of this, of course, are geothermal and tidal.
In those cases, I tend to think of those energy sources
more like being derived from a universal spring that was wound up,
let's say, at the beginning of time.
As that winds down, we have,
we can develop technologies to basically take use of that unwinding over time.
So in contrast to fossil fuels, or let's say non-renewable fuels in general,
you know, the way we would think of fossil fuels of course is, instead of being
an embodiment of the sun's rays now fossil fuels basically
are an embodiment of the sun's energy in the very distant past.
So whatever did not decompose immediately,
if it got buried and turned into coal or oil or gas or
whatever, that is a fossil fuel which essentially holds some energy
that was put into that organic matter and not released.
But some of the sun's energy from a very long time ago.
The one exception of course is nuclear.
Which again would be more of an artifact from the beginning of time and
the formation of particular elements that we can harness energy from.
So when we look at the renewable's value chain,
we think about biomass a little bit differently than the others.
That's maybe the one distinction that
you want to keep in mind when we're thinking about renewables.
The renewables chain in all cases begins with resource identification.
And then most renewables require just harnessing that flow of power.
That resource tends to be some kind of flow.
And so our harnessing is typically to turn the wind, or
the flowing water or the shining sun directly into some kind of electricity.
If not using it directly as you know, for it's heat or
whatever the mechanical work that it is doing.
And then at least in the modern day, all of those things tend to
be turned into electricity, so the transportation issue is transmission.
In the case of biomass, the energy contained in the.
In the renewable material, the plant matter,
whatever it is, must be converted to a usable form.
So that is not a flow, it's a stock of plant material or
something we're going to use at that point in time.
So we're going to have to convert that, in the case of biomass.
Into some useable form like ethanol or bio diesel or something like that.
And then of course we have this, we started with a physical good before, and
now we have this other transformed version of that, converted version of that.
Biomass, so we'll need to transport that to its end use point.
When we talk about the types of resources available,
a bulk of these as I mentioned,
can be thought of as harnessing, as things were,
as flows of solar energy that we're gonna harness.
Now some of that is you know direct or solar, when we think about solar energy
we're basically taking some that sun in the form that that flow is coming to us.
And we're gonna take advantage of it.
But most of these solar flows are as I
mentioned some kind of artifact of weather.
Which may be driven by the sun.
Okay? And then, of course,
there are these non-solar flows from the winding
down over a long period of time of either,
thermal energy from the beginning of planetary
formation or, the tidal energy that is a result of
planetary motion that was all set in place at,
let's just say a very, very long time ago
So when we talk about renewables,
we tend to really focus on this transformation stage.
This either harnessing of it, so
transforming a native flow of that renewable into something we can use.
Or, converting that biomass into something we can use.
So the Here's where you might,
because of the amount of material we wanted to try to cover here,
we're not gonna be able to dive very deep into these technologies.
And you can obviously take an entire degree on basically
any one of these line items, if that's the area you're interested in going into.
So with solar technologies, let's say the most traditional form of harnessing
that would have been some kind of thermal technology,
maybe take some water and put it in a vessel and let the sun heat it, and
then use the energy in that now warmed water to do something,
to exchange into a living area and warm the living area or
to shower, and you enjoy taking warm showers rather than cold ones.
But that's probably the most traditional method of using that
immediate or direct flow of the sun's energy.
Most of the technologies we think about now are essentially some
form of photovoltaics.
And, again, I wouldn't want to try to be the expert on photovoltaics.
I know just enough to probably be dangerous.
So I'll let you do some additional research on that, but
photovoltaic essentially is taking advantage of the property of some
materials to have a current induced in them when they're exposed to sunlight.
So there's basically this induced current that happens
with some materials to a much greater extent let's say than others and
that's where we find the most efficient photovol tags.
So taking advantage of that little trickle of current and
finding a way to harness all of that is the essential technology
that we're using when we're using the direct flow of rays from the sun.
With wind it's pretty straight forward, we would take
any kind of mechanical work that can be driven, due to the geometry
that we would build, say the blades of a fan width.
What that does is that takes the flowing wind and
converts it into some kind of rotational force and we can use that rotational force
to do either mechanical work or we can use that mechanical work to run windings and
create electricity and therefore wind for the most part,
nowadays of course is doing less of the mechanical work for the end use thing and
much more of the electricity that we can generate from mechanical work.
Hydro is not very different from wind.
You're basically using this flow, in this case water either flowing over land or
flowing around in the ocean to move something,
move typically a wheel or a piston or something like that.
Do some kind of mechanical work that typically
nowadays has turned into electrical work.
So all of these things are essentially what we're doing as
we're turning all of these things nowadays at least, into electricity.
Now biomass, of course, is the other,
the other one where at the transformational stage it is particularly,
it is very distinct from these, so even though biomass
represents a bunch of energy that may have come from the sun.
Our ability to make use of this requires a very different process.
Because with these technologies that we're just going to harness a flow from
your essentially trying to figure out how do you take
what is at least with wind and hydro, a mechanical force, and
turned it into electricity with direct solar, it's going to use thermal or
electrical properties that we can convert solar and turn it into electricity.
With biomass, you have a certain stock
of material, and you're gonna have to turn that physical stock at a point in time.
It's not a flow, we don't think of it as a flow even though we can
think of a garden growing and dying as a flow.
We're really interested in harvesting the biomass at a particular point in time and
then turning that into some type of
product that is usuable within existing technologies.
So let's say something that we can burn in our car engines or
something that we can burn in a power plant, things like that.
So the bio mass conversion processes are gonna be very
distinct from the types of conversion that we're doing with these other technologies.
And lastly, we have the transportation end of the value stream.
Now, traditionally, our method of transporting,
so to speak, the energy that could be derived from these renewables,
the solution was, well, we just didn't really transport them very far.
So if we were gonna say harvest the thermal energy from biomass,
we would just gather around the fire and we wouldn't bother transporting it.
Or if we were going to take advantage of the mechanical energy in flowing water,
well we would build a mill town around
the waterwheel that we could put into the river.
And we would either bring our grain there from the distant farming lands to mill it,
or we would bring our fabrics there and
turn them into textiles using the mechanical energy from the axle
that we could put on the water wheel to run the looms, and things like that.
So that's the traditional method and you'll find in certain
settings that traditional use may still be significant.
But for the most part in the modern day.
These flows are basically, because they're all being turned into electricity,
they all need to connect to the grid.
So, the real challenge is going to be in the nature of
the transformation process, of the harnessing process.
Is the resource very diffuse, so do you need a lot of places
to connect the derived electricity to the grid, so it can
move to a point of demand, or is the harnessing,
is the resource diffused but the harnessing technology is cost-efficiently
cheap so that we can actually place the generation near the demand.
So those are all of the kind of questions that go into figuring out exactly what is
the distribution or the geography of the renewable industry going to look like.
In the case of biomass, of course, this is.
What we're largely doing here is turning one stock of material,
some kind of relatively unusable green material into another stock.
Which might be something that we can blend into our gasoline or burn in our furnaces.
Here, typically the method of moving is going to be truck or rail or barge.
The one thing you won't see as much here as you will with analog resources,
analog non-renewable resources.
Talking about, let's say, oil, petroleum,
is that you won't typically see pipelines used because
biomass derived renewables can absorb water and
it is a lot more of a challenge to control the environment so that they don't
actually absorb water and their efficiency then at the point of use would be degrade.
So here the typical distinction for oil and gas is that you are not going to see
pipeline use, you will see much more just truck, rail, and barge use and
that is the renewables value chain.


text:
Dignity, Belonging & Justice for Children and our World
Empathetic, Evidence based, Engaged Action
Raising children on the Security Agenda
© 2019 IICRD - web design by Virtual Wave Media
UN Security Council Unanimously Passes Resolution 2151
New York—On April 28th 2014, during the Open Debate on Security Sector Reform, the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously to adopt resolution 2151. This resolution represents a growing trend to address the issue of child protection from a preventative angle.
"UN/SC/2151 represents another critical step towards meaningful security sector reform by elevating children on the security agenda," stated Dr. Shelly Whitman, Executive Director of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, based at Dalhousie University.
As Nation States rebuild after conflict, they must take appropriate measures to ensure children are protected and that security sector actors are well equipped to do so. If Nations fail to protect children during this critical time, the situation could precipitate into renewed conflict and give rise to the recruitment and use of child soldiers.
"Meaningful security sector reform is crucial to ensure that children are protected before, during and after conflict. We have the tools. The time to act is now," states LGen Roméo Dallaire (ret'd), founder of the Dallaire Initiative.
Resolution 2151 is the second significant resolution passed by the UN Security Council this spring—Resolution 2143 was passed on March 7th. Resolution 2143 recognizes the need for new tools and the importance of training the security sector in prevention and protection responses on child specific issues.
The Dallaire Initiative has developed comprehensive training and tools, including the world leading "Child Soldiers: A Handbook for Security Sector Actors". By equipping security sector actors with proactive, targeted and practical strategies, the Dallaire Initiative helps to prevent the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Through the development of a new e-learning course with UNITAR, this training will be widely available to amplify efforts to protect children in conflict.
Resolution 2151 represents the latest advocacy victory for the Dallaire Initiative and its key advocacy partners to the UN—Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research. The Dallaire Initiative remains active and engaged in high-level advocacy at the UN to ensure that the issue of children is at the forefront of the international security agenda.
Media contacts: Josh Boyter Communications Officer josh@childsoldiers.org 1 902 494 2392 1 902 489 6767
Founded by retired lieutenant-general and celebrated humanitarian Roméo Dallaire, The Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative is a global partnership committed to ending the use and recruitment of child soldiers worldwide, through ground-breaking research, advocacy,and security-sector training.
Copyright © 2014 Child Soldiers Initiative, All rights reserved.
Child Soldiers Initiative Room 356, Henry Hicks Bldg Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1 Canada
Imagine a world where we build on the core strengths of children, their families, and communities, to create dignity, belonging, and justice for all.
Support us Here
International Institute for Child Rights and Development (IICRD)
A Canadian non-profit charity working locally, nationally, and internationally
(please email for appropriate address for your correspondence)
info@iicrd.org
www.iicrd.org


text:
Q: How to do Partition algorithm in php I tried getting partition of numbers in PHP.
For example,
number 10, divide like 4, 3, 3.
if 14 then 5, 5, 4
this type of partition

A: Try this snippet :
<?php

$number = 14;
$limit = 3;

$rem = $number%$limit;

$divi = floor($number/$limit);

$part = array();

for($i=0; $i<$rem; $i++) {
   $part[$i] = $divi+1;
}

for($i=$rem; $i<$limit; $i++) {
   $part[$i] = $divi;
}

//$part[$rem+1] = $divi;

print_r($part);

?>


The Reformation is often studied from a theological and church history perspective. While these are certainly important aspects to be studied, there were also prominent implications involved in societal, cultural, and artistic changes. Peter Marshall's short introduction of The Reformation adequately supplies a concise overview of not only the Lutheran Reformation, but also other Protestant Reformations, the Catholic Counter-Reformation, and the cultural and political changes as a result of these reformations. As someone who is studying to be a Lutheran pastor, I have only studied the church history of the Lutheran Reformation. While Marshall does give a short yet detailed expository on the Lutheran Reformation, he also shows other important changes occurring in the world of the 16th- and 17th-centuries rather than just how the church changed. His analysis of these reformations and how they dramatically altered culture and politics proves how these reformations still affect us today, whether a person is Christian or not.
As Martin Luther was arguably the most prominent figure of the Reformation as a whole, Marshall predictably begins with the generally accepted launch of the Reformation in Germany when Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the Wittenberg church doors. He continues to give general information about the Reformation that any Lutheran would learn in their Lutheran Confessions class at a Lutheran university—the rise of radicalism particularly from Huldrych Zwingli, Andreas von Karlstadt's radicalism, the Peasants' War, and the invention of the printing press helping to propagate Luther's cause. However, in such classes such as the Lutheran Confessions that I've taken at CUAA, we don't learn too much about German politics, which Marshall details here in this short chapter and later on in another chapter. We do learn a decent amount since it would be inappropriate to avoid the political ramifications involved in the Reformation, but we don't go into too much detail since that's not the particular focus of the class. He gives good details on the Diet of Speyer, Henry VIII's attempt to annul his marriage, the Schmalkaldic League, and the 1555 Peace of Augsburg that is normally learnt in classes such as Lutheran Confessions. These are typical things learnt, but it isn't until a later chapter when we begin to learn new political ramifications involved, which I will cover later.
Calling it the "Second Reformation," Marshall then begins to discuss John Calvin. He gives a good history on Calvin and his endeavours, but he appears to be biased toward Calvin as he calls Luther's theology a "scatter-gun" and Calvin's theology a "sniper's rifle" (25). If he had ever read any of Luther's works, I don't think he'd call Luther's theology unorganised. While it is true that Calvin's The Institutes of the Christian Religion is efficiently structured, Luther's multiple works does not mean there's a lack of structure. One can see this just by looking at a shelf of the 54 volumes of Luther's Works (the 55th is merely an index), and not even those are all of Luther's works. In fact, one could argue that Luther's theology is so structured that it cannot all be held in a single volume, as evident in his 54-volume work and others.
Moving on, Marshall then discusses the Catholic Counter-Reformation. The name itself leads one to think it was a reaction against the Protestant Reformations, and in a sense they would be right. However, Marshall makes it clear that the Council of Trent involved in this Counter-Reformation was "largely concerned with formulating definitions of Catholic doctrine… in a way that clearly distinguished them from Protestant views" (34). So yes, the Counter-Reformation was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation, but not as a form of attack but as a self-reflection on Catholic doctrine and practises. I learnt that they actually made some improvements such as reforming the institution of the church by changing the role of priests from an aristocratic attitude to pastoral care for their parishes. Seminaries were even constructed to better train them. This is satisfying to learn because it shows how the Medieval Catholic Church was at least not completely blind to necessary reform. And today, there are hundreds of seminaries in multiple denominations, Catholic and Protestant alike.
It is surprising that Marshall dedicates a whole chapter to the differing views of salvation in the Reformations since he's a history professor and not a theologian. Nevertheless, the chapter actually gives a proper understanding on not just Luther's view on salvation, but the existing heretical views at the time as well. Regarding Catholicism at the time, Marshall actually makes an erroneous claim about the Catholic Church's view on salvation at the time. He says "it is a common misconception… that the Catholic Church taught or teaches that heaven can be earned by the performance of 'good works'" (43). This is false, and even proves his fault when he says, "The tricky thing was knowing whether one had done enough to count as an unqualified 'yes' to God's invitation" (43). As Luther would agree, we don't need to "do enough" in order to receive salvation. Endeavouring to find out if you've "done enough" is still good works, which was precisely what the Medieval Catholic Church taught. The Catholic Church doesn't teach this today, but they did, and to say they didn't is a miscalculation. If a human being did not do enough, they would spend the necessary amount of time in purgatory to pay the sentence for their sins. Other than this little quibble, there's nothing really new to learn unless you don't know much about justification, predestination, the authority of Scripture, the sacraments, and their belief in a nigh apocalypse. If you don't know much about these subjects especially as it pertains to the Reformations, this chapter is a terrific, concise expository on the matters.
I hate politics. It is good for nothing but dissension. With my animosity toward politics, I naturally thought that this chapter would be a bore, but I was wrong. In this section I learnt how essential the nobility was to the success of Luther's cause. Not only did he receive protection from Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony, but other nobles supported his cause for political purposes. By supporting Luther's cause, "they could consolidate ecclesiastical control in their territories" and incorporate "the church's administration into the mechanisms of government, while asserting greater freedom of manoeuvre vis-à-vis the emperor" (63). If nobility had not found these advantages inherent in Luther's theology, it is doubtful whether his cause would have been as successful as it was.
Another important matter to learn from this chapter is the false implication that all wars are caused by religion. As a historian, Marshall argues, "It would be difficult, if not impossible, to identify a 16th- or 17th-century conflict that was fought for purely religious reasons, uncontaminated by political, economic, or dynastic considerations" (69). While wars such as the Crusades and the Thirty Years' War may have started for religious reasons, political and economic decisions never remained separate from these wars and they all inevitably ended up being about politics and economics rather than religion.
What I found interesting was that Protestantism wanted to move the primary responsibility of caring for the poor from the Church to the State. This is surprising from a 21st-century Christian's perspective because in our own society (I'm speaking as an American), the government's care for the poor is terrible. The liberal government cares more for illegal immigrants than it does for the thousands of veterans on the streets as well as the mentally ill. While the global Church is doing its best to alleviate poverty, it appears to us that the government isn't doing much. Some even believe the government shouldn't be involved in alleviating poverty at all, especially since their efforts to do so have continuously failed. During the Reformations, however, Protestants thought it necessary to make it primarily the State's responsibility rather than the Church's. However, "This did not necessarily 'secularize' the issue in our sense of the term. Protestant poor relief was underpinned by 'correct' doctrine, and was part of building a genuinely Christian community" (80). I think that is where the difference lies. The Protestants at this time were concerned with teaching orthodoxy to the poor and building a Christian community. Today, the Church is more concerned with societal and economic aspects rather than the religiosity of helping the poor. It is true that many churches endeavour to bring them into the Church and to receive faith in Christ, but it appears to me today that we are more concerned about its economic aspects.
Even the role of marriage, women, and family began to change. It was the Catholic Church's teaching that celibacy was more holy than marriage, but marriage is still better than being sexually immoral. Regardless, marriage was not seen as a blessing as compared with celibacy. This runs completely counter to our society today, which highly sexualises nearly everything it can get its grubby hands on and has even redefined the proper definition of marriage. Luther was prominent in the changing view of marriage, defining it as a blessed thing from God and is to mimic the Church. Even children were viewed differently. I didn't know this, but children were viewed as "intrinsically bad" and ought to be rigorously disciplined. Protestants, however, began to teach that children are actually God's gifts and need to be "nurtured and cared for" (84-85). This was shocking to me as a reader because in our own society, children are always viewed as a blessing, except for those evil few who place autonomy over a child's life and abort an infant for the sake of convenience. Otherwise, children are often thought of as a blessing in our society and need to be nurtured rather than rigorously disciplined. Of course, discipline is still needed, but not as if the only thing they're good for is causing ruin.
Unfortunately, the Reformation did not change much on the view that "women were unruly and sexually voracious" and that unmarried women are dangerous (85). Protestants viewed the primarily role of women as being wives and mothers. However, studies on the Reformation often focus on "the Reformation's impact upon women, rather than women's impact on the Reformation" (87). It was interesting to learn that women became prominent religious leaders as nuns especially in convents during the Catholic Reformation (86). Some prominent women even formulated orders where they cared for the poor and the sick. They also produced "some of the greatest Catholic devotional works" (87). They were also "often the most committed and devout members of established churches" and played a large role in religious movements such as pietism (87-88). It appears, then, that the Reformation started the process of women being viewed as pivotal members of society into what it is today.
Some people are prone to think of the Reformation as being anti-cultural, but it was actually the opposite. Even though iconoclasm—"the destruction of religious images for overtly ideological reasons" (95)—was common practice, there still existed a defence of religious art. Luther himself ceased Karlstadt's war against religious images in Wittenberg. Zwingli was another figure who destroyed religious images. The belief was that these images insulted "God's invisible majesty by putting trust in created things" (96). This is, of course, an absurd view that some Calvinists still hold today and is, rather—as Luther says—adiaphora, which are things Scripture neither forbids nor commands. "What mattered was how they were used: worshipping of images, or constructing them in the hope of acquiring merit in God's eyes, was an abomination, but as means of instruction for the 'weak' they were acceptable" (95). It is absurd to think religious images as art is sinful because we would have to say the same about religious writings. If religious images dishonour God, then so do religious writings in rhetoric and song. To say it's not the same would be to commit the logical fallacy of equivocation.
Another cultural aspect that received a lot of support from Protestants was something that's loved by all: music. Luther was a huge lover of music. He once said, "Next to the Word of God, music deserves the highest praise" (104). I always knew Luther wrote hymns, but I did not know he wrote the first Protestant hymnal called the "little book of spiritual song" (104). This is significant for us today because in these times, music was sung only by the clerics and the congregants were not to participate. With Luther's hymnal, he now introduced the congregation's freedom to worship God. So when you're at church and are singing lyrics from the projection screen, you can thank Luther.
The remaining two chapters are basically other miscellaneous events during the Reformation period, such as responses to heresy, the rise of Islam and animosity toward the Jews, the existence of paganism, and he ends with the legacy of the Reformation. Unless you care a lot about these other facts and events happening during the Reformation, you probably don't need to spend a lot of time in these last two chapters. They're good to read if you want a further context of what the world was like during the Reformation period. Otherwise, you can get by without reading these last two chapters.
If you're familiar with the Reformation and have learnt about it in some colleges classes, you can still learn a decent amount of information from this book, although not much. After all, it is "a very short introduction." The book is meant to give the reader a basic worldly background of the Reformation, and Peter Marshall does this quite well. If you're not familiar with the Reformation at all, this is a great, short book to read and become familiar with it before you do further reading on the Reformation. Other than some certain biases to Calvin and misunderstandings of Luther, generally it's a good book.


ASUNCION (Reuters) - The candidate from Paraguay's ruling Colorado Party won Sunday's presidential election, according to official results with 96 percent of ballots counted, pointing to another five years of pro-business policies in the major soy producer.
The country's elections authority said Mario Abdo, a 46-year-old former senator who campaigned on an anti-corruption platform, had an "irreversible" advantage over his main rival, Efrain Alegre, a lawyer from the center-left GANAR coalition.
"My administration will be committed to gaining the confidence of those who did not accompany us," Abdo said in his acceptance speech.
Abdo had 46.49 percent of the vote to Alegre's 42.72 percent, the head of Paraguay's elections tribunal, Jaime Bestard, said on television. "The president-elect of Paraguay is Mario Abdo," Bestard said.
The margin of victory was much tighter than indicated by pre-election opinion surveys, which gave Abdo a voter intention advantage of 18 to 20 points. Alegre said he would not concede the race until all ballots were counted and confirmed.
Abdo set the stage for governing with a minority in Congress by calling for dialogue with opposition parties. He has promised to fight pressure to raise taxes despite calls from the opposition for a levy on soybean exports.
Outgoing President Horacio Cartes, who tried to change the constitution to allow him to seek a second term, won a Senate seat in Sunday's vote.
Abdo is the son of the late private secretary of dictator Alfredo Stroessner, who ruled Paraguay with an iron hand for 35 years. Abdo was 16 when Stroessner's rule ended in 1989.
Earlier on Sunday, Abdo visited the tomb of his father, as he did on the day of the primary election in December when he won the nomination of the Colorado Party.
Abdo's conservative policies and family history were a concern to some voters who had doubts about his commitment to clean up government.
"This is a country of corruption and until we end that, we will not move forward. Mario Abdo is a son of the dictatorship and I do not think he will govern well," Edgar Gonzalez, 45, said on his way out of his voting station in a high school in the upper-middle-class neighborhood of Trinidad in Asuncion.
Abdo's father was also named Mario, giving the nickname "Marito" or "Little Mario" to his son, as he is popularly known.
About 4.2 million Paraguayans were eligible to vote in the election, in which all seats in Congress were up for election. The new president will take office on Aug. 15. Official congressional election results were to be announced over the coming days.
Grains-dependent Paraguay produced more than 10 million tonnes of soy last year and is trying to attract investment needed to reach its goal of 20 million tonnes by 2028.
Abdo's party went into the election with 20 seats in Paraguay's 45-member Senate, which last year debated a bill to slap a 10 percent tax on soybean exports.
"The push for an export tax will intensify after the election, which is likely to see the empowering of the Frente Guasu, a major proponent of the initiative, and a party which is expected to substantially increase its presence in Congress," said Thomaz Favaro, an analyst for consultancy Control Risks.
Abdo may have to support the export tax to safeguard other parts of his investment-friendly agenda.
"Uncertainty over the level of taxation for the agriculture industry will thus likely persist in the short-to-medium term," Favaro said.


text:
Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad!
An analysis of our four-legged friends in children's literature.
Animals have been a prominent part of children's literature for as long as we can remember, educating pragmatically and entertaining outlandishly. Aesop combined both these ideas of education and entertainment in his Fables, creating stories such as 'The Hare and the Tortoise' with salient moral principles to teach children how irresponsible actions can always have undesirable consequences. Other books like 'Watership Down' and 'The Wind in the Willows' present fantastical characters that children can relate to. These characters live amongst the pages of the sort of idiosyncratic reality that parallels the one in their readers' minds. In particular, the type of readers who have not been on this planet for long enough to scoff at such merriment.
Although of course I enjoyed reading 'The Wind in the Willows' all those years ago, I do find myself questioning how important and relevant animals can be in stories. An intriguing example to consider would be George Orwell's 'Animal Farm'. Written as a satire of the Russian Revolution, the main animal characters parody the dominant figures of the Revolution, while Mr Jones, the unsuspecting yet oppressive farmer, portrays the last Russian emperor, Tsar Nicholas II.
Led by desperation and the want of a better life, the animals eventually drive Mr Jones away, only to have the socialist utopia they thought they had achieved sink perniciously into a state of totalitarianism, where "all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others." And in this way, the Animal Farm comes to represent a sort of broken utopia, where the strongest power is claimed by the most manipulative of the animals at the expense of the weak. The novel becomes an allegory for human nature and our inability to truly be equal. This novel seems to speak eloquently to the human experience.
Orwell's 'Animal Farm' attests that animals are simply key in literature. I, for one, know that if Orwell had used human characters based on the figures of the Russian Revolution instead of his animals, I would have probably put the book down after the first page and that would have been that. The sheer absurdity (and slightly disturbing images) of imagining pigs sleeping in beds and drinking whisky is precisely what makes the novel so engaging.
There are so many more novels that use animals to teach their young readers whilst providing entertainment. Wilbur and Charlotte from E. B. White's 'Charlotte's Web' display a kind of magical relationship despite their inherent differences in species, ability and size, as well as imperturbably tackling topics of life and death, and of human corruption and human triumph. Beatrix Potter's Tales such as 'Peter Rabbit' are similar to Aesop's Fables, and the Tales can be seen somewhat as a more recent approach to the morals advocated in the Fables.
To sum it all up, what did your animal buddies in your childhood books teach you? A lot, actually. And you probably didn't even realise it…
Neha VI


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