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Going Mainstream
Open Magazine The Weekly for the Young Mind
Goat Days_Open Magazine
This article is from Open Magazine.
By Trisha Gupta
"Tamil was a major factor for my fame within Tamil Nadu; but it was only after the translation in English that Salma rose to different heights," says the Tamil poet and novelist Salma, whose Irandam Jamangalin Kathai, about the world of women in a Tamil Muslim community, was published in Lakshmi Holmström's translation as The Hour Past Midnight. The novel was longlisted for the DSC Prize in 2011, and sold over 3,000 copies (roughly 5,000 in Tamil, says her publisher, Kannan Sundaram of Kalachuvadu). Shamsur Rahman Faruqi may have long been the brightest star of the Urdu literary world, but to the Indian reader in English, he really only appeared on the horizon with the publication of The Mirror of Beauty (2013), his own translation of his magnum opus Kai Chand Thay Sar- e-Aasmaan (2006). KR Meera's Aarachar might have won coveted Malayalam honours like the Vayalar, Odakkuzhal and Kerala Sahitya Akademi awards, and sold close to 50,000 copies--but it was only with its translation into English as Hangwoman (2014), that the book entered literary conversation outside of Kerala, applauded for its startlingly ambitious take on life, death, sex and the media through the eyes of a young Kolkata woman appointed executioner, and for J Devika's effervescent translation. And so it goes.
"Before the award, I was known as 'a leading writer from Kerala'... When I won the Crossword Book Award in 1999, the press qualified me as 'a leading Indian writer',"
Many regional language writers have only received national recognition late in their lives, because of translation into English. "Before the award, I was known as 'a leading writer from Kerala'... When I won the Crossword Book Award in 1999, the press qualified me as 'a leading Indian writer'," says M Mukundan (Crossword website), whose Kesavan's Lamentations won in the translation category in 2006. This is, of course, testament to an unfair linguistic landscape where English has an easier claim on the national. But it warrants greater scrutiny. If, as Marathi writer Bhalchandra Nemade and Indian English novelist Aatish Taseer would have it, English has squeezed the life out of Indian languages --"English is encroaching upon the innocence of children," Nemade said, in an interview on Scroll; 'How English Ruined Indian Literature' is the title of Taseer's New York Times opinion piece--why does English publishing seem more enthusiastic than ever in directing the many streams of that literature towards us, in translation? If this were a pessimistic critical theory paper, one might argue that the very impulse towards translation is preservationist, and things can only be preserved when they're dead. But however seductive this idea of embalming might be, literature in the other Indian languages seems anything but corpse-like. And yet, being translated into English seems to afford writers in even the most thriving of these literary languages--Bangla, Malayalam, Hindi, Urdu, Marathi--a new lease of life.
Because those of us who live in India but read only in English have grown dead to these languages; translation is the jadui kathi, the magic wand through which we might awake to their pleasures. English has turned us into Sleeping Beauties, and now only English can rouse us. And because whatever Nemade might wish for, neither our history nor the market allow for a clean separation between English and regional language cultures. A dedicated and growing community of Indian readers in English--while not exactly huge yet--is keen to read regional language literature (and read about it), while Indian language readers are often influenced by the 'buzz' English can create around authors.
Translation lists at HarperCollins India and Penguin Books India have certainly increased both in number and variety over the last five years. Penguin brought out 22 translations in 2013, 20 in 2014, and has 23 on the 2015 publication schedule. "We now publish an average of 20 titles in translation: five contemporary fiction titles and 15 classics (a mix of fiction, drama, poetry, memoir)," says Penguin's managing editor R Sivapriya, who heads its translations list. "The numbers must have been half that in 2012." Minakshi Thakur, who heads the same list at Harper, concurs: "We used to do five to six titles, this year onwards we'll have 10 to 12. Earlier most publishers would only do classics, but we want to work with writers who are working now; [build] a list of future classics." Penguin's recent successes include a book as contemporary as Sachin Kundalkar's 2006 Marathi novel Cobalt Blue, which sold over 2,000 copies in Jerry Pinto's 2013 translation, and one as grand and dastan-like as The Mirror of Beauty, which sold 5,000 copies in 1,000-page hardback.
At the more academic end of the spectrum, too, the translation list at Oxford University Press has seen 10 percent annual growth since 2009. It now stands at 125 titles from 18 languages, including less-represented literatures like Dogri (Shailender Singh's Hashiye Par (For a Tree to Grow) and Tamil Dalit writing like Cho Dharman's Koogai: The Owl (translated by Vasantha Surya). But this is still a niche readership, and the slow rate of growth makes publishing solely translations unsustainable. The independent Katha Books, which pioneered translations from the Indian languages, has shifted its focus to translations of children's books.
In a country as multilingual as India, translation has often been the only medium for a Malayalee reader to read the work of a Bengali writer, or an Oriya reader to discover a Kashmiri poet. Most readers in each of these linguistic communities have historically read translations in their mother tongue. Perhaps literary flows, even then, were somewhat unidirectional: I can't keep track of the Biharis and Malayalees I know whose literarily-inclined parents grew up reading Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Tagore in Hindi and Malayalam translations respectively, but I would be hard put to name any Bengali readers who read Hindi or Malayalam writers (they did read Russian and English classics in Bangla). But as the Indian upper middle classes have grown more monolingual, reading almost entirely in English, it is mainstream English publishers who must take on the task of bringing a multifarious Indian literature to these readers. In SR Faruqi's words, the rising readership for English translations is attributable to "the growth, in geometrical proportions, of Indians who... sadly enough, have no real claim to any other language".
Sometimes an older translation in another language still serves as a route to English. Khushwant Singh and Vikram Seth had both read Sankar's Bangla bestseller Chowringhee in a Hindi translation, and their admiration for this chronicle of life at a 50s Calcutta hotel was partially responsible for Penguin's agreeing to publish Arunava Sinha's English translation, according to both Sankar and Sinha. Today, while Hindi remains an important link language between readers in North India and writers elsewhere, at least some Hindi publishers' decisions about translations may be routed through English. Aditi Maheshwari, translations head at the Hindi publishing house Vani Prakashan, stresses Vani's commitment to translating directly from the original language, whether it be Herta Müller's German or KS Sethumadhavan's Malayalam. But it is hard to deny the role of English (publishing and media) in foregrounding a potentially translatable writer, such as Tamil's Perumal Murugan.
Many Indian language writers cannot but recognise the unfortunately disproportional power English wields, knowing the only way to deal with it is to make it work for them, as much as possible. But writers from languages with a strong critical culture and a large literary readership can often experience a gulf between that vibrancy of exchange and their reception in English.
"English took me to other forums [but I soon saw the] lag between the interest in English in translation and English in original."
"Within Hindi, there's a rich conversation my work and I are part of, though not without its politics and prejudices," says Hindi writer Geetanjali Shree. "English took me to other forums [but I soon saw the] lag between the interest in English in translation and English in original." Her 2001 novel Tirohit appears in Rahul Soni's attentive translation as The Roof Beneath Their Feet (HarperCollins, 2013). "Some 60 people have done research on my books [before any translation], colleges have held discussions. For Katha Satisar (2005), I got ten Hindi literary prizes, including the Vyas Samman and Mahatma Gandhi Samman," agrees the Hindi writer Chandrakanta, author of this acclaimed historical take on Kashmiri Hindus, which Zubaan publishes later this year as A Saga of Satisar. Her intimate account of life in a Srinagar neighbourhood, Ailan Galli Zinda Hai (1986), was shortlisted for the 2012 DSC Prize as Zubaan's translation, A Street in Srinagar, but has not even sold 2,000 copies. "How is it possible that a novel that has been recognised, does not sell? Perhaps Satisar will do better."
While Hindi's literary universe, for example, was (and is) perfectly able to provide a launching pad for a serious writer such as herself, Shree concedes that its "being older" means it "has still to update its training in events, awards, markets". Yet vastly more copies are sold of a successful book in most Indian languages than in English. Benyamin's novel Aadujeevitham, a spare, arresting account of one man's brutal experience as a labourer in the Gulf, sold over one lakh copies across a hundred editions in Malayalam, according to its author. Translated lucidly into English by Joseph Koippally as Goat Days, the book is also one of Penguin's greatest successes-- but with 10,000 copies. Even Chowringhee, with over 30,000 copies sold in English, barely compares with the 100,000 copies its author ascribes to Bengali sales (not counting the huge pirated edition sales in Bangladesh, as he reminds me). And while Hangwoman gave Aarachar and its author a new visibility, only 2,000 hardback English copies have sold till date. Of course, any comparison of sales figures must acknowledge that English books are priced much higher.
"I hope we help the writers with their ambitions, I think we do, but not as much as they deserve," says Sivapriya. "It requires enormous effort to train the gaze of the English reader on them." Thakur agrees, admitting, "It is still a struggle to sell out 3,000 copies of most titles", but adding, "That's the case with most original English [literary] fiction too." Bhima: Lone Warrior, Gita Krishnankutty's 2013 translation of Randamoozham, Malayalam giant MT Vasudevan Nair's classic telling of the Mahabharata from Bhima's perspective, has sold 6,000 copies, she says. "The epic still sells, retellings do well in our market. Translate anything [to do with] Satyajit Ray and it'll do very well. [Take] our 14 Stories project, stories by various writers that Ray made into films--that's the kind of book which goes on to backlist well."
"[I]n a bitter irony, Murugan's novel One Part Woman, which became the focus of a moral censorship campaign that forced the author to give up writing, has sold nearly 10,000 copies."
Controversy of any kind works wonders for sales, in any language. Taslima Nasreen's Lajja, banned in Bangladesh and inciting death threats, is one of Penguin's highest selling translations, with 30,000 copies sold till date. And in a bitter irony, Murugan's novel One Part Woman, which became the focus of a moral censorship campaign that forced the author to give up writing, has sold nearly 10,000 copies. The independent publisher Zubaan Books sold almost 7,000 copies of Urvashi Butalia's translation of Baby Halder's candid memoir of life as a domestic servant, A Life Less Ordinary. Penguin's other successes from before 2012 are all 20th century classics in their original languages: Shrilal Shukla's Raag Darbari, Manto's Bitter Fruit, Tagore's stories and poems, Bhisham Sahni's Tamas.
Often, however, English's ripple effect bears little connection to sales. Meera's Yellow is the Colour of Longing (2011) was long-listed for the Frank O'Connor prize and short-listed for the Crossword award, but did not sell beyond the first print run of 2,000. Being translated, however, brought Meera national exposure, with glowing reviews across the English media and speaking engagements at literature festivals, from Jaipur to Chandigarh, Odisha to Goa, held on a scale that most regional literatures cannot yet muster funds for. The publicity that an English translation receives sometimes triggers fresh interest in the original linguistic community. "If a book is awarded nationally or internationally, it gets more attention [from local readers]," says Benyamin.
Meera and Benyamin both believe the English media covers literature more than Malayalam, and Benyamin, like Sankar, thinks reviews in English are fairer. "A Malayalee reader would believe a bookshop owner more than a critic," says Benyamin. "English reviews were well-researched and positive, maybe because my book was already famous."
"Through English, I rediscovered my Bengali readers," agrees Sankar, long dismissed as middlebrow by Bengali critics. "I never had any good reviews [in Bangla. But] some Bengali readers think, if it's translated by Penguin, and getting rave reviews in London, maybe they should read it."
For writer Uday Prakash, English translation has helped lift his work out of what he sees as Hindi's insular, non-risk- taking, institutionally corrupt world, and made it part of 'world literature'. "When I wrote Peeli Chattri Wali Ladki, I was attacked and abused in the Hindi world. But Jason Grunebaum's English translation, The Girl with the Golden Parasol, got me to Penguin and then to Yale University Press."
Yet English translation is no panacea. Much depends on quality, the publisher's interest and distribution channels. "Older translations of my work, like Jai Ratan's [one of India's most prolific translators], were targeted at an Indian English reader, and could not travel abroad. Jason is young, and a fiction writer himself; his translation reflects how language in America has changed," Prakash adds.
English translation does not guarantee exposure. Although she gained an Indian English readership as early as 2000, after academic Nita Kumar translated her 1997 novel Mai into English for Kali For Women, Geetanjali Shree insists that her writing continues to be routed through Hindi. "Serious readers of my works, such as Annie Montaut, Alessandra Consolaro, Vasudha Dalmia and Francesca Orsini are advanced scholars keen to promote Hindi literature in the West. I am known in Russia and Poland because of Hindi!"
Certainly, Euro-American academic networks have been crucial in spreading regional Indian literature, providing the focused language training and university presses needed to support high-quality literary translation. Hindi departments in the USA, for instance, have produced such wonderful translators as Grunebaum and Daisy Rockwell, who has translated the late Hindi writer Upendranath Ashk.
But how far have translations to English travelled? Over the five years that the DSC Prize has been awarded at the Jaipur Literature Festival, only six out of the 29 shortlisted titles have been translations (UR Ananthamurthy's Bharathipura and A Street in Srinagar in 2011, Uday Prakash's The Walls of Delhi in 2013, Anand's Book of Destruction and Goat Days in 2014 and The Mirror of Beauty in 2015). None has won yet.
All of this is not to ignore that several regional language cultures inhabit positions of superiority with regard to some others: think of Hindi with regard to Urdu, or at a very different angle, to Bhojpuri. English may not be able to speak to this (though it has brought Dalit writers like P Sivakami, Urmila Pawar and Ajay Navaria some welcome attention). But it seems to me difficult to stand either with Nemade, denying that this collective landscape has been forever altered by a flood called English, or with Taseer--taking a position higher and safer than everyone else, and then bemoaning the flood. Bilinguality--reading in at least one Indian language besides English--is one way to withstand the waters. But translation, even in English, if we do more of it and better--while acknowledging that the ground is not level--can let the monolingual reader into several languages. For many of us, it might be the most feasible way to grow some roots.
(Trisha Gupta is a Delhi-based writer)
Images have been provided by Open Magazine.
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Discovery could lead to new ways to create nano-fibers and wires
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - A research team led by engineers at Purdue University and physicists at the University of Chicago has made a discovery about the formation of drops that could lead to new methods for making threads, wires and particles only a few nanometers wide.
Such nano-threads, wires and particles could, in turn, have numerous applications, including new kinds of composite materials, electronic circuits and pharmaceutical products, said Osman Basaran, a professor in Purdue's School of Chemical Engineering.
The researchers made the discovery while studying how liquid drops and gas bubbles are formed by nozzles, such as those in inkjet printers. A widely accepted universal rule holds that, no matter what the liquid or gas is made of, drops and bubbles always break away from a nozzle the same way: As the drop is forming, it is attached to the nozzle by a thin segment of liquid or gas. This connecting segment grows progressively thinner, and as its width gets closer and closer to zero it breaks at a single point and the drop falls away from the nozzle.
"This breaking region, which I and others have been studying, has some really amazing properties," Basaran said. "It always breaks the same way, no matter how big a nozzle is or how fast you are flowing the liquid."
The researchers, however, have discovered an exception to this no-longer universal rule, Basaran said.
Findings will be detailed in a paper to appear in Friday's (11/14) issue of the journal Science. The paper was written by former Purdue chemical engineering doctoral student Pankaj Doshi, who is now a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Itai Cohen, a former physics doctoral student at the University of Chicago and now a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University; Wendy W. Zhang, an assistant professor of physics at the University of Chicago; Michael Siegel, a mathematician from the New Jersey Institute of Technology; Peter Howell, a mathematician at the Mathematical Institute in Oxford, England; Basaran; and Sidney R. Nagel, a professor of physics at the University of Chicago.
Drops usually form in air, which has much lower viscosity than liquid. For example, water dripping from a faucet is more viscous than the surrounding air.
If, however, a nozzle is immersed into a sticky liquid like honey or silicone oil, which is thousands of times thicker than water, the water drops form differently than they would in air.
"First of all, the drops take much longer to form," Basaran said.
Moreover, instead of abruptly breaking off, the segment of liquid between the forming drop and the nozzle's tip continues to grow into a narrow thread and eventually becomes much longer than it would if the drop were forming in air.
"In this special case, this region doesn't shrink to a point and break off like it ordinarily would," Basaran said. "Mathematically, we say that it 'remembers' its initial state, which is very unusual."
Rather than separating from the nozzle at a single point, the liquid cuts away in two places: at the point where the drop has formed and at a point closer to the nozzle. The drop falls away, but an extremely thin thread of liquid or gas also separates from the nozzle.
If the liquid contains certain chemicals, the threadlike segment can be quickly solidified by exposing it to "photo-polymerizing" light, creating extremely thin filaments or fibers of uniform thickness.
Researchers were surprised by the potential for practical applications.
"Initially we just thought it was a new scientific discovery, which it is because it violates everything that was known," Basaran said. "This thin thread forms so slowly - which was also unexpected - that you have enough time to solidify it into a filament or wire."
Chemical engineers at Purdue have performed mathematical calculations and computer simulations to explain the phenomenon, and physicists at the University of Chicago have carried out experiments in which they have created fibers less than 100 nanometers wide.
Nano is a prefix meaning one-billionth, so a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or roughly the length of 10 hydrogen atoms strung together.
Researchers deduced a mathematical formula that can be used to predict how long and thin the filaments will grow before they break away from the nozzle. The formula is essentially the viscosity of the outside liquid divided by the viscosity of the liquid inside the drop.
This ratio of viscosities has been used experimentally to make filaments of varying lengths and widths. The greater the difference in viscosity, the thinner and longer the filaments become.
"If we make the outer liquid more and more viscous, we can make it quite long," Basaran said. "There is no known limit as to how long and how narrow you can make this. You can just play around with the viscosity ratio.
"My student at Purdue did the computations that led to the explanation of this phenomenon, and the mathematicians developed a more simplified explanation of what was going on. So it was really a big collaborative effort."
The researchers have been involved in the work for about two years, initially observing the phenomenon in experiments and later developing mathematical explanations.
"At first we couldn't explain it because it contradicted what was known about how drops form," Basaran said.
He said the method might one day be used to make flexible nano-wires out of many types of materials that conduct electricity, including polymers.
Scientists hope to eventually produce wires so thin that their diameter is smaller than the width of an electron's wavelength, which could be used to dramatically alter the flow of electricity and heat. It is possible that other researchers might use such wires to develop a new class of electronics, solid-state refrigerators, air conditioners and power generators.
The research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences program and the National Science Foundation. The ongoing Department of Energy funding is for "basic research," which is carried out with no specific practical applications in mind.
"People should understand the benefits of basic research and how it results in discoveries that were not predicted," Basaran said.
The work is continuing at Purdue, with funding from the Department of Energy and private corporations.
"The type of drop breakup discovered and its potential applications are just one small piece of the 'drop-breakup puzzle,'" Basaran said.
Writer: Emil Venere, 765 494-4709, venere@purdue.edu
Sources: Osman Basaran, Cell Phone 765-414-3369, obasaran@ecn.purdue.edu
Steven Koppes, 773-702-8366, skoppes@uchicago.edu
Osman Basaran: http://ChE.www.ecn.purdue.edu/ChE/Fac_Staff/Fac.Staff/obasaran/
STORY AND PHOTO CAN BE FOUND AT: http://news.uns.purdue.edu/html4ever/031113.Basaran.nanothreads.html
Persistence of Memory in Drop Breakup: The Breakdown of Universality
Pankaj Doshi, Itai Cohen, Wendy W. Zhang, Michael Siegel, Peter Howell, Osman A. Basaran, Sidney R. Nagel
A low-viscosity drop breaking apart inside a viscous fluid is encountered when air bubbles, entrained in thick syrup or honey, rise and break apart. Experiments, simulations, and theory show that the breakup under conditions in which the interior viscosity can be neglected produces an exceptional form of singularity. In contrast to previous studies of drop breakup, universality is violated so that the final shape at breakup retains an imprint of the initial and boundary conditions. A finite interior viscosity, no matter how small, cuts off this form of singularity and produces an unexpectedly long and slender thread. If exterior viscosity is large enough, however, the cutoff does not occur because the minimum drop radius reaches subatomic dimensions first.
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A group of Skoltech scientists developed machine learning (ML) algorithms that can teach artificial intelligence (AI) to determine oil viscosity based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data.
Deep magma facilitates the movement of tectonic plates
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Physicists surprised to find that in specially coated tubes, the more viscous a liquid is, the faster it flows
Bristol scientists shine light on tiny crystals behind unexpected violent eruptions
In a new study of volcanic processes, Bristol scientists have demonstrated the role nanolites play in the creation of violent eruptions at otherwise 'calm' and predictable volcanoes.
Inexpensive, non-toxic nanofluid could be a game-changer for oil recovery
Researchers from the University of Houston have demonstrated that an inexpensive and non-toxic nanofluid can be used to efficiently recover even heavy oil with high viscosity from reservoirs.
Oil-soluble transition metal-based catalysts tested for in-situ oil upgrading
The results of the study showed that the good catalytic properties of the new transition metal catalysts, as well as their low cost and easy accessibility, make them a potential solution in the aquathermolysis reaction and heavy oil recovery.
Key technology for mass-production of lignin-bio-aviation fuels for reducing greenhouse gas
The team, led by Dr. Jeong-Myeong Ha of the Clean Energy Research Center at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), has developed a technology that can be used to mass-produce aviation-grade fuels from wood wastes.
Airborne chemicals could become less hazardous, thanks to a missing math formula
Purdue researchers have figured out a way to calculate surface viscosity just by looking at a stretched droplet as it starts to break.
Nickel-based catalysts tested at Boca de Jaruco oilfield in Cuba
In this publication, the authors studied transformations of asphaltenes, the compounds determining the viscosity of petroleum.
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text:
Q: How to remove a file after it has been loop through-Python I'm trying to remove a file after I looped through the data in that file. It delete the file when it comes through the first time but when I try to loop the second time it can't open my file.
Error: No such file or directory: C:\\\****\*****\\NEWHIRES_MMDDYYYY20210128 (4).CSV'
sql = ("select *  from tblTalentReef")
mycursor.execute(sql)

export_rows = mycursor.fetchall() or []

for export_rec in export_rows:
    pa_compid = export_rec['pa_compid']
    pcompany = export_rec['compcode']
    filename = export_rec['filename']
    strFname = export_rec['fname']
    strLname = export_rec['lname']

    strThisFileName = filename
    strFileList =  strThisFileName + chr(10)

    strFileName = r"C:\****\****\*****\******\\" + strThisFileName
    strSavedFileName = r"C:\*****\****\*****\******\processed\\" + strThisFileName

    #Copy File to Destination
    dest = shutil.copyfile(strFileName,strSavedFileName)
    #Delete File
    os.remove(strFileName)

I can't put it at the end of the for loop cuz it interfere with my other logic.

A: Add an iterator variable in the start by setting it to zero. During the first run of the loop perform a conditional check on the variable i.e. equals to zero, the condition will be satisfied then delete the file. This should be a multi line if statement statement. After deleting the file increment the iterator variable to one. Inside the conditional check it is comparing to zero, which means the execution won't come again inside to the if block and your file won't be deleted after the first execution.
iterator = 1
sql = ("select *  from tblTalentReef")
mycursor.execute(sql)

export_rows = mycursor.fetchall() or []

for export_rec in export_rows:
    pa_compid = export_rec['pa_compid']
    pcompany = export_rec['compcode']
    filename = export_rec['filename']
    strFname = export_rec['fname']
    strLname = export_rec['lname']

    strThisFileName = filename
    strFileList =  strThisFileName + chr(10)

    strFileName = r"C:\****\****\*****\******\\" + strThisFileName
    strSavedFileName = r"C:\*****\****\*****\******\processed\\" + strThisFileName

    #Copy File to Destination
    dest = shutil.copyfile(strFileName,strSavedFileName)
    #Delete the File only for the first time
    if iterator == 0
        os.remove(strFileName)
        iterator += 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This brewery originates from 1988 as a result of the merge of Maes and Cristal Alken breweries. But their roots go back to the 1880's when both breweries started up and knew a systematic development. Nowadays this brewery is part of the Heineken Company with a strong presence on the market with Belgian beer brands like Grimbergen, Mort Subite, Affligem, Ciney and Hapkin.


text:
Environment Georgia Research and Policy Center
Clean, Green & Renewable Energy
100% Renewable
Go Big On Offshore Wind
Clean Water & Air
Environmental Defense: Our Water
The Clean Water Network
Global Warming Solutions
No Bees, No Food
Stop Fracking Our Future
Across the country, fracking is contaminating drinking water, making nearby families sick with air pollution, and turning forest acres into industrial zones. Yet the oil and gas industry is pushing to expand this dirty drilling — to new states and even near critical drinking water supplies for millions of Americans.
We need to show massive public support to stop the oil and gas industry from fracking our future.
Fracking_Pete Stern via FracTracker.org_.jpg
Credit: Sam Malone
Fracking is threatening our environment and health
As fracking booms across the nation, it is creating a staggering array of threats to our environment and health:
Our drinking water
There are already more than 1,000 documented cases of water contamination from fracking operations — from toxic wastewater, well blowouts, chemical spills and more. Moreover, fracking uses millions of gallons of water.
Yet the oil and gas industry wants to bring fracking to places like the Delaware River Basin, which provides drinking water for 15 million people, and Otero Mesa, which hosts the largest untapped aquifer in parched New Mexico.
Marcellus photos, mostly Bedford County, October, 2010 020.jpg
Credit: B. Mark Schmerling
Our forests and parks
Our national parks and national forests are the core of America's natural heritage. Yet federal officials are considering leases for fracking on the outskirts of Mesa Verde National Monument, along the migration corridor for Grand Teton's pronghorn antelope, and right inside several of our national forests.
Along with air and water pollution, fracking would degrade these beautiful places with wellpads, waste pits, compressors, pipelines, noisy machinery and thousands of truck trips.
DOE_NETL.gov_Energy Corp. of America.jpg
Credit: National Energy Technology Laboratory
Families living on the frontlines of fracking have suffered nausea, headaches, rashes, dizziness and other illnesses. Some doctors are calling these reported incidents "the tip of the iceberg."
We must act now to stop the damage of dirty drilling
In April 2016, we released our report, "Fracking By The Numbers," which looks at the damage to our water, land and climate from a decade of dirty drilling. The report concludes that to address the environmental and public health threats from fracking across the nation, states should prohibit fracking. No plausible system of regulation appears likely to address the scale and severity of fracking's impacts.
In places where fracking does continue to take place:
Fracking should be subject to all relevant environmental laws. Federal policymakers must close the loopholes exempting fracking from key provisions of our nation's environmental laws.
Our most important natural areas should be kept off limits. Federal officials should ban fracking on our public lands, including national parks, national forests, and sources of drinking water.
The oil and gas industry — not taxpayers, communities or families — should pay the costs of damage caused by fracking. Policymakers should require robust financial assurance from fracking operators at every well site.
The public's right to know about fracking's environmental damage must be respected. More complete data on fracking should be collected and made available to the public, enabling us to understand the full extent of the harm that fracking causes to our environment and health.
A new wave of legislation against offshore drilling | Kelsey Lamp
Earlier this month, a group of legislators from both coasts signed onto a wave of eight bills in Congress aimed at blocking the Trump administration's offshore drilling plan.
News Release | Environment Georgia Research & Policy Center
EPA heads in the wrong direction on clean car standards
Atlanta, GA -- This week, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Scott Pruitt is expected to announce a move to significantly weaken America's clean car standards. Environment Georgia's fact sheet detailing the history and benefits of Clean Cars Standards is available on Environment Georgia's website.
Jennette Gayer, Executive Director of Environment Georgia issued the following statement:
The Benefits of the Clean Cars Standards
The clean car standards are national regulations and incentives for the auto industry designed to reduce pollution from the transportation sector. Since passed in 2012, the standards have saved consumers money, reduced pollution, and spurred innovation.
News Release | Environment Georgia
Offshore drilling proposal threatens Georgia's coasts and marine wildlife
Atlanta, GA- Bidding for offshore oil and gas leases could begin as early as 2019 in almost all federal waters, including the Atlantic and the Pacific under a new Trump Administration proposal. Environment Georgia denounced the plan, which would open vast new areas of the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico to drilling.
"Oil and gas drilling is an inherently dirty and dangerous business. There is simply no safe way to drill," said Jennette Gayer the Executive Director of Environment Georgia. "By allowing offshore drilling in more of our coastal waters, the Trump administration increases the chances of a dangerous oil spill. Opening these areas to drilling endangers sea life including whales, dolphins, and sea turtles, as well as the life and livelihoods of Georgians and all Americans in coastal communities."
New Data Shows Solar Jobs Growing in Georgia
Atlanta, GA - Solar in Georgia now employs 3,924 people, a 23% increase from 2015, according to new data released today by the Solar Foundation. . Metro Atlanta was home to the most solar jobs (2,406) followed by Chatham and Bibb Counties. The Solar Foundation data breaks down solar jobs in Georgia by county, congressional district and metro area.
Atlanta, GA -
Solar in Georgia now employs 3,924 people, a 23% increase from 2015, according
to new data released today by the Solar Foundation. . Metro Atlanta was home to
the most solar jobs (2,406) followed by Chatham and Bibb Counties. The Solar
Foundation data
breaks down solar jobs in Georgia by county, congressional district and metro
area.
The new numbers come from the Solar Foundation's 2016 solar
jobs census. In 2016, solar jobs grew in 44 states including GA; solar now
employs over 260,000 people nationwide.
The growth in solar jobs reflects the growth of solar itself.
In 2016, solar was the number one new source of energy capacity installed in
the United States. As solar grows, it has also reduced climate-warming
emissions and helped to combat air pollution in Georgia.
Jennette Gayer from Environment Georgia released the following
"Lately, Americans have had a hard time agreeing on some
important issues facing our country. But I think we can all agree that solar
energy is good for our economy, good for our environment and good for our local
"As the numbers released today show, solar continues to grow
rapidly in Metro-Atlanta and throughout Georgia, providing good local jobs for Georgians
that also help to protect the environment.
"Every solar job we add in Georgia means we will continue to
reduce carbon emissions, improve air quality and protect public health --
all while putting people to work in
their communities.
"Ultimately we know we can and must repower our lives using
100 percent renewable energy in Georgia and across the country. We encourage
leaders in all sectors to help solar continue to grow and meet this challenge.
In doing so, Georgians will continue to benefit."
Drilling is Tragic for Marine Life
Environment Georgia Research & Policy Center
108 E. Ponce de Leon Ave., Ste. 210
Environment Georgia Research and Policy Center is part of The Public Interest Network, which operates and supports organizations committed to a shared vision of a better world and a strategic approach to getting things done.


text:
Numerous films and television shows have been set or filmed partially at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), at least partly due to the airport's proximity to Hollywood studios. Film shoots at the Los Angeles airports, including LAX, produced $590 million for the Los Angeles region from 2002 to 2005.

1960s–1980s
 In the 1966 musical film Hold On! there is a riot of teenage girls swarming aspiring starlet Cecilie Bannister at LAX.
 In the opening credit sequence to 1967's The Graduate, Dustin Hoffman's character is filmed passing wearily through an LAX concourse connection tunnel to "The Sound of Silence" by Simon & Garfunkel. In the 1997 film Jackie Brown, Pam Grier walks past the same spot to soaring soul music by Bobby Womack.
 "L.A. International Airport", a song written by Leanne Scott and first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970, was covered in 1971 by Susan Raye and this version reached No. 9 on the Billboard Country Singles chart (and No. 54 on the Hot 100 singles chart). The song was re-recorded with updated lyrics in 2003 by Shirley Myers for the 75th anniversary of LAX.
 A few episodes of the television police drama Adam-12 (1968–75) took place in and around LAX.
 The 1976 Walt Disney comedy film No Deposit, No Return has scenes shown around the interior and the exterior of the LAX terminal.
 Mel Brooks 1977 satirical comedy High Anxiety begins with Dr. Richard Thorndyke (Brooks) landing at LAX and having strange encounters inside the terminal.
 A few episodes of the television police drama Columbo (1971–78) had scenes that took place at LAX, including inside the terminals and external aerial shots.
 The 1980 Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker comedy Airplane! begins at LAX. Additionally, a twist on the iconic public announcement regarding the "white zone" is parodied in the film's opening scene.
 The 1984 film Starman has a scene where a Japan Airlines Boeing 747 is seen taking off from LAX during the movie's opening credits.
 Several scenes of the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger motion picture Commando were filmed at the Tom Bradley International Terminal, on the airfield, and in an LAX parking deck.
 The 1985 film To Live and Die in L.A. featured a stunt in a terminal at LAX of Petersen running along the top of the dividers between the terminal's moving sidewalk.
The 1987 film The Chipmunk Adventure has its ending scene happen at LAX.

1990s

 Stephen King's 1990 horror novella The Langoliers and its 1995 movie adaptation feature LAX as the starting point and ending destination for the protagonists.
 The Japan Airlines commercials featuring Janet Jackson were filmed in LAX to promote their Executive class (business class) products on the then-brand new Boeing 747-400. One commercial used Tom Bradley Terminal for the "Concourse ad" which featured the song Rhythm Nation and the LAX runways were used for another commercial featuring Jackson dancing against a backdrop of Japan Airlines 747-400's to her single Escapade.
 The opening sequence of the 1991 television series Going Places begins with the side-view of an airplane landing at the Los Angeles International Airport, followed by the view of a "Welcome to Los Angeles" sign under a highway bridge.
 The 1994 film My Girl 2 starring Anna Chlumsky features LAX.
 The 1994 film Clifford, starring Martin Short and Charles Grodin, was filmed in part of the terminals of LAX.
 The 1994 film Speed, starring Keanu Reeves and Sandra Bullock, was filmed in part on the runways of LAX.
 The 1995 film Heat starring Robert De Niro, Val Kilmer and Al Pacino has its ending scenes filmed at LAX.
 The 1995 Sandra Bullock film The Net, Bullock's character finds her car missing from an LAX parking lot.
 The 1997 film Liar Liar starring Jim Carrey features a climactic scene where Fletcher Reede (Carrey) struggles to keep his son. He hurries to LAX, but his son's plane has already left the terminal. Desperate, he hijacks a mobile stairway and pursues the plane onto the runway.
 The 1997 film Face/Off, a chartered plane crashes into an LAX hangar in the beginning of the film.
 The 1997 film Turbulence starring Ray Liotta and Lauren Holly features a landing attempt by Holly's character on an LAX runway.
 The 1997 Michael Crichton novel Airframe starts with a fictional airline from Hong Kong to Denver making an emergency landing at LAX.
 LAX stood in for Sheremetyevo International Airport, the departure airport of Air Force One, in the 1997 Wolfgang Petersen film, Air Force One
 The 1999 Natalie Portman and Susan Sarandon film Anywhere but Here was partly filmed at LAX.
 The 1999 PlayStation video game Driver contains a mission featuring Los Angeles International.
 The 1999 film Fight Club starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton feature an opening scene where the two arrive at LAX on the same flight.
 The music video of Backstreet Boys' "I Want It That Way" was filmed and is set mostly at the airport. The Tom Bradley International Terminal is seen in shots and serves as a setting for the chorus. The scenes involving a Boeing 727 and where they are greeted by fans was filmed in one of the hangars of LAX. Additionally, a Delta Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 TriStar appears when Howie D. sings the fourth verse.

2000s
 The 2000 film Charlie's Angels feature a scene in LAX.
 The 2001 Denzel Washington film Training Day concludes with Alonzo Harris unsuccessfully fleeing to LAX only to be shot dead by the Russian mafia in retaliation for Alonzo's failure to repay his debt to them.
 The 1999-2006 NBC drama The West Wing shows then former governor Jed Bartet console his assistant Josh Lyman at the Delta gates of then Delta complex Terminal 5. It was a stand in for Delta gates at O'Hare International.
 The 2002 comedy-drama film Catch Me If You Can, based on the life of Frank Abagnale Jr., starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, was partly filmed at LAX and nearby Ontario International Airport.
 LAX was the departure point for Uma Thurman's character in the 2003 Quentin Tarantino film Kill Bill: Volume 1, wherein she takes a flight to Okinawa, Japan, to meet and acquire a sword from a renowned swordsmith as part of her revenge plan against a former comrade who now heads several crime syndicates in Tokyo..
 The opening scene of the 2004 neo-noir crime thriller Collateral starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx is set at LAX. Cruise's character, a hitman, receives a briefcase in the airport.
 The 2004 Tom Hanks film The Terminal had pre-production shooting done at LAX.
 The 2004 comedy Soul Plane features the NWA's first flight from Los Angeles International Airport.
 Two games from the Grand Theft Auto series, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto V, featured and parodied the airport as Los Santos International Airport or LSX and was commonly called as Los Santos International. The Theme Building, light towers, and the control tower were also featured.
 The 2004 television series LAX featured Heather Locklear in a fictional drama of several managers working at LAX. Exterior shots for the pilot episode were filmed in Texas; sources differ on whether Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport or Fort Worth Alliance Airport stood in for Los Angeles International. Many other scenes were filmed using a vacant terminal and a disused Boeing 727 at Ontario International Airport, interspersed with establishing shots of the real LAX.
 The 2005 PlayStation 2 video game, L.A. Rush by Midway Games, features LAX.
 The reality 2005 TV series Airline features the stories of Southwest Airlines employees and passengers originating from LAX, Chicago Midway International Airport, Baltimore–Washington International Airport and William P. Hobby Airport.
 The 2006 Samuel L. Jackson film, Snakes on a Plane featured a flight heading towards LAX from Honolulu, Hawaii.
 In the episode, "The Woman at the Airport" from the television series Bones, FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth and Dr. Temperance Brennan investigate a woman's remains found at several locations around LAX.
 The music video for Maroon 5's song "Makes Me Wonder" was filmed at LAX.
 In the 2007 DreamWorks Animation animated film Bee Movie, Barry B. Benson (Jerry Seinfeld) and Vanessa Bloome (Renee Zellweger) fly the flowers as luggage on a flight from Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California to New York City John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, New York to re-pollinate the world.
 Susan Raye, who has been retired from the music industry since 1986, made a rare public appearance to sing her classic hit at a concert at the celebration and to be on hand when a proclamation was issued to make the song the official song of LAX.
 Los Angeles Rapper Game had a 2008 album titled LAX.
 The airport is mentioned in the opening lines of Miley Cyrus's 2009 hit "Party in the U.S.A.", with the lyrics "I hopped off the plane at LAX..."
 The music video for American Idol Season 7 winner David Cook's song "Come Back to Me" was filmed at LAX.

2010–present
 In a 2010 History Channel episode of Life After People, the Theme Building and LAX Control Tower are shown what would happen to them after years of neglect.
 The 2011 episode titled "The Middle Men" from the British science fiction television show Torchwood: Miracle Day, featured LAX.
 In the final season premiere of Lost, notably titled "LA X", the alternate timeline sequences are mostly set in LAX, which was the intended destination of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815.
 L.A. International Airport also featured in the Brett Ratner film Rush Hour where Chief Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) and Detective James Carter (Chris Tucker) board a United Airlines Boeing 747-400 bound for Hong Kong.
 The LAX Theme Building influenced the stage set up for the U2 360 Tour.
 In the video game Destroy All Humans!, a majestic base appears to be similar to LAX.
 LAX was featured as a playable stage in the 2003 video game Midnight Club II.
 In the second Splinter Cell game, Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow, the last mission takes place in LAX where Sam Fisher infiltrates LAX via the parking garage, takes out terrorists disguised as LAX employees and rogue CIA agent Norman Soth, and disarms the ND133.
 In 2015 science fiction action film Terminator Genisys, in the post apocalyptic future setting, the ruins of LAX airport becomes one of Skynet's concentration camps, where it also houses its prototype time machine.
In the 2017 drama film All Eyez on Me, the main character, Tupac Shakur is shown flying into LAX airport when going to California.
In the 2020 action film Tenet, LAX's Tom Bradley International Terminal served as a stand-in for Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. An Asiana Airlines A380 is also seen in the film.
In the epilogue of the American animated television show Amphibia, Sasha Waybright arrives at LAX to pick up Marcy Wu from the terminal in order to visit Anne Boonchuy and celebrate Anne's birthday.

References

Popular culture
Los Angeles in fiction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
function getBestMatchingRX(str, expressions){
    let bestMatchingRX;
    let bestMatchingGroupSize = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
    let bestMatchingGroup;

    expressions.forEach(function(currentRX){
        const regex = new RegExp(currentRX.rx);
        const groups = str.match(regex);
        if (groups && groups.length < bestMatchingGroupSize){
            bestMatchingRX = currentRX;
            bestMatchingGroupSize = groups.length;
            bestMatchingGroup = groups;
        }
    });

    return bestMatchingRX ? {
        rule: bestMatchingRX,
        matching: bestMatchingGroup
    } : false;
}

export default getBestMatchingRX;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


My first gap year took everyone by surprise, not least of all me.
It started at the end of November 1994, in the final year of my A-levels. My parents had decided to go on holiday for two weeks. They clearly weren't worried that I might hold a party – I was a phenomenally shy teenager who viewed the world through a thick fringe of dark hair – so the only warning they left was to make sure I got my UCAS form in by the deadline.
I made promises, which I fully intended to keep, about working hard to get myself on a math or engineering degree starting the next autumn.
The day after they left the country I attended an assembly given by former pupils who had returned to spread the word about life after A-levels, and my future shifted.
I don't remember the name of the person who stood up and talked about her gap year. I can't remember what she looked like. All I remember is that at the end of a series of stunning, exotic photos one of our teachers stood up and said that there was a fund that we could apply to for sponsorship if we wanted to work with a charity abroad.
Daydreams of adventures had often drifted through my brain. I'd always enjoyed films and books packed with action and even before I'd been old enough to actually fancy Harrison Ford, I'd still been obsessed with Indiana Jones. By the time my parents were back in the country I'd deferred university, applied for and been accepted on a programme to teach English to children in Nepal.
Just over a year later, half of which had been spent holding down a job as a phone monkey at the local water company, hoarding every penny towards flights and kit, I sat in the back of my parents' car on the drive to Gatwick. I can still remember the terror pains in my stomach; sat there wishing I'd skipped the assembly.
People mock gap years for many reasons. I've also laughed, somewhat self- consciously, at the Gap Yah! video clips. But that January day was the moment that the apron strings snapped. I was talking about this with my mother recently and she commented, as always, on the "brave purple fleece, striding through customs, refusing to look back."
I had no idea of the friends, adventures, mountains, daal bhat, diarrhoea, rivers, sloth bears and elephants that lay ahead. But every one of those things shaped what has followed and the person that I am today.
I grew up in southern England, sheltered and protected from the recession of the early 90s. I had friends who had far more than I did (horses, fancy clothes etc.) and occasionally that grated. I didn't learn to truly be grateful for what I had until I saw what others didn't.
There were 16 other British teenagers on the project I was enrolled on. I was paired with a Nepali on an experimental, environmental programme. We moved around the country, sometimes staying in hostels, sometimes with families. These weren't the poorest people by any means but they lived simply and we knew that the meat they cooked especially for us was a rare treat for their children.
We learnt how to build pit latrines and pass the knowledge on. We spoke to children in schools about what would today be called 'Ecosystems services' – the valuable assets we gain by protecting the environment.
I like to think that by helping our saathi (I hope that means friends - very little of the language remains) to improve their English and CVs, we may have helped 17 young Nepalis on their first steps to better careers – hopefully making a difference to their lives and perhaps a bigger contribution to their country.
As for me, after five months working with the charity and six weeks travelling around India – hot and shocking after Nepal – my money ran out and I reluctantly returned home. Still an introvert, but with a little bit more confidence in my own abilities to survive in the world and a long list of places that I wanted to explore as soon as I'd saved up more cash.
Over the years my Nepalese adventure has played an important part on my CV. My new found interests turned my studies towards geography and anthropology. My experience of communicating environmental issues helped me swing a dream job at the Natural History Museum, which eventually got me to where I am now - working for a National Park.
Thinking about all of the big decisions that I've had to make over the past twenty years, I wonder how I would have found the confidence to make them if I had taken the easy path and just gone straight to university.
You've never felt truly alone until you've arrived by yourself in a distant country, fighting off the flu, jet-lagged from a 15-hour journey, barely able to make yourself understood and terrified to put your bag down in case somebody runs off with it. Somewhere inside a voice points out that nobody made you do this. It's entirely your decision to put yourself here, alone, in Santiago.
And that was before I'd got myself stranded in a desert, fallen for two of the most obvious cons known to man, snogged an Argentinian at 7am on Christmas day or been seduced by a geologist.
Although it felt adventurous at the time, my first gap year in Nepal was safely cushioned by the security of an organised charity, with contacts and accommodation sorted well in advance and a native-speaker on hand to buy tickets and place them securely in our sweaty little hands.
South America had been nagging at the back of my mind since my heart was stolen, aged 11, by the cartoon with the best theme tune of all time – The Mysterious Cities of Gold. All through my 20s I dreamt of wandering through Inca ruins, getting lost in cloud forests and following ancient trails across passes between snow-capped mountains.
I kept a postcard of Torres del Paine on my desk at work. Every time friends – usually couples – announced that they were going travelling I'd sigh and wish that I had someone to tour the world with.
At 30, finding myself unattached, without a mortgage and unsatisfied with my job, I suddenly realised that all the things about my life that were seen as failures in London could be turned into an asset. With no boyfriend, debt or career to tie me down I was free to live my dream. But even then I didn't do a sudden flight. I was methodical and calculating.
For an entire year I discovered a new level of economy. Why take the tube when you can catch a bus? Why catch a bus when you can walk? Why eat out when you can cook at home? Why buy full price food when there's a reduced-to-clear aisle? Why enjoy a gin and tonic when you can drink soda water and imagination?
Within six months I'd paid off my student loan and saved enough for a TEFL course. After a year I had a plane ticket and a significant sum in the bank, but I still didn't really believe I was actually going.
And guess what? The risk was worth it.
Within a week of landing in Santiago, Chile, I had found a job. After six months of dedicated hard work I could speak enough Spanish to hold my own in a conversation, eavesdrop on a bus and persuade kindly old people that I was just an innocent hitchhiker and not a threat to their lives.
Then I set off to explore the rest of the continent – sometimes alone, sometimes with people I met on the way. I wandered through Inca ruins, got lost in cloud forests, followed ancient trails over passes between snow-capped mountains and had a hundred other unexpected adventures, big and small. But most important of all, I discovered the exhilarating feeling that only comes from taking a big risk and making your daydream a reality.
Joanna Glyde is a hiker, mountaineer, general out-door lover and PR officer making her first tentative steps into a writing career. Read her blog indianajoversusthelist.wordpress.com.


Leben Sie den amerikanischen Traum! Lassen Sie sich auf Ihrer kombinierten Nord- und Südamerika-Reise von Buckelwalen und Papageitauchern begleiten. Verlassen Sie die Stadt, die niemals schläft, und schalten Sie einen Gang zurück, um in die Zeit vor dem Bürgerkrieg einzutauchen. Runden Sie dieses 37-tägige Abenteuer mit einem Mix aus spannenden Entdeckungen, erholsamen Tagen auf See, rosa schimmernden Stränden und einer kaleidoskopischen Tierwelt ab.
The discovery of these parts of Canada, inhabited at one time by Micmac Indians, by French explorers made Percé a stop-off point between Québec City and France. In the 17th century Percé developed into a bustling port with hundreds of boats anchored in the summer season. During the English campaign against Québec, the small village was burned down by the English. Afterwards, Percé was forgotten for almost half a century. Following the Treaty of Versailles, reconstruction began; by 1777 Percé addedl 400 seasonal fishermen to its year-round population of 300. In 1781 Charles Robin founded a fishing business that prospered rapidly and generated new interest in Percé.Today this charming fishing village is as a prime holiday spot, thanks to its gargantuan limestone rock which rears up from the sea just a stone's throw off the coast. Lesen Sie mehr The Roche Percé"measures 1,545 feet in length and 288 feet in height and stands as a protector against wind and ocean forces. It originally featured two holes. One of them disappeared when a part of the rock crumbled in 1845, giving way to its present shape. The rock is considered one of Canada's most celebrated natural phenomena; it presents an almost surreal sight at dawn.Little remains of the original buildings of the 17th-century fishing village due to the long, harsh winter weather. Charles Robin's house survived and serves as a guest house. Now the village features a number of craft shops, art galleries, and a pleasantly relaxed atmosphere endearing to visitors. Outside of town visit isolated lighthouses and enjoy a drive through bucolic countryside dotted with small farms and pastures.Bonaventure Island, renowned as a bird sanctuary, is two miles from the mainland. The high cliffs of the 1.6-square-mile island teem with bird colonies, including the world's largest and most accessible colony of gannets. Other species include puffins, cormorants, kittiwakes and razorbills who come here to nest in this preservation area. Walking trails lead around the island for a closer look at this fascinating bird sanctuary. Pier Information The ship will be anchored off Percé and guests will be taken ashore via the ship's tenders. The jetty is within close walking distance to the village. There are a limited number of taxis available for trips farther afield. Shopping Several small souvenir shops and art galleries offer a nice selection of local handicrafts and artwork. Hand-knit sweaters and woolen items may also be of interest. The local currency is the Canadian dollar. Cuisine Several rustic eateries throughout the village offer fresh seafood and typical hearty fare. If you are looking for a first-class restaurant try the Auberge du Gargantua, about a mile west of town. Other Sites Visitors can take local boat trips around Bonaventure Island. Stroll through this charming village and along its seaside boardwalk. Gaspésian LighthousesOnly two of the many lighthouses scattered along the coast of the Gaspé peninsula are still in use today. One of them stands at Cap d'Espoir some eight miles from Percé. It was built of wood in 1874; the present structure dates from 1939. It is 48 feet high and is open for visitors. The second lighthouse is located at Cap Blanc. It was also installed in 1874 and rebuilt in 1959.
Portland, Maine The largest city in Maine, Portland was founded in 1632 on the Casco Bay Peninsula. It quickly prospered through shipbuilding and the export of inland pines which made excellent masts. A long line of wooden wharves stretched along the seafront, with the merchants' houses on the hillside above. From the earliest days it was a cosmopolitan city. When the railroads came, the Canada Trunk Line had its terminal right on Portland's quayside, bringing the produce of Canada and the Great Plains one hundred miles closer to Europe than any other major U.S. port. Some of the wharves are now occupied by new condominium developments, with the exception of the Customs House Wharf, which remains much as it used to be. Grand Trunk Station was torn down in 1966 and a revitalization program of this historic section was spearheaded by a group of committed residents. Lesen Sie mehr The result was the revival of the Old Port Exchange District with its redbrick streets built in the 1860s following a disastrous fire. The area today features a wide variety of restaurants, specialty and antique shops, and makes for a pleasant place for a stroll. Congress Street and its many side streets are an engaging mixture of culture, commerce and history. Art is everywhere, from the Portland Museum of Art to the many statues and monuments throughout the city. Other points of interest include the Portland Observatory, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's childhood home, several colonial mansions and Fort Williams Park, with the adjacent Portland Head Light. Farther afield one can visit the charming yachting and fishing village of Kennebunkport, also noted as the locale of the home and summer White House of former President George Bush. Going Ashore in Portland Pier Information The ship is scheduled to dock at the Portland Ocean Terminal, a very easy walk to the Old Port District located about two blocks away. Taxis are available at the pier. Shopping A wide range of Maine-made clothing, crafts and imported items can be found in shops along the cobblestone streets of the quaint Old Port Exchange. Small boutiques and numerous art galleries feature everything from paintings, crafts and furniture to prints and photographs. Antique lovers will enjoy browsing through area shops. Bargain hunters may want to visit the designer factory outlet shops in Freeport. On Sundays, most shops are open from 12:00 noon to 5:00-6:00 p.m. The local currency is the dollar. Cuisine Portland has the most restaurants per capita, second only to San Francisco. Eating establishments are as diverse as the menus they offer. The fresh catch of the day can be found on most menus, but seafood is only one of many culinary delights. From specialty coffee houses and ethnic restaurants to chowder and lobster houses to elegant dining rooms, Portland makes it easy to please every palate. Other Sights Longfellow's "City by the Sea" Portland is a walkable city, and a good place to start exploring is at the Old Port with its striking buildings comprising a bevy of architectural styles, ranging from Italianate to Mansard, Queen Anne to Greek Revival. The charming streets house an amazing collection of shops, galleries, bookstores and restaurants. Congress Street and the Arts District reflect the changes of 350 years of history, boasting an engaging mixture of culture and commerce. Portland Museum of Art The museum's award-winning building is a blend of 1911 Beaux Arts and 1983 post-modernism. It houses one of New England's finest art collections. Don't miss the museum's indoor Sculpture Garden. Portland Observatory Built in 1807, this is a rare example of a signal tower from which signal flags would be flown to identify incoming vessels. Factory Outlets of Freeport About a 25-minute drive north of Portland (approximately $35 one way for a taxi), this shopping mecca is crammed with serious shoppers who come from as far away as New York. Private arrangements for independent sightseeing may be requested through the Tour Office on board.
Established in 1639 by a small band of religious dissenters led by William Coddington and Nicholas Easton, the city by the sea became a haven for those who believed in religious freedom. Newport's deepwater harbor at the mouth of Narragansett Bay ensured its success as a leading Colonial port, and a building boom produced hundreds of houses and many landmarks that still survive today. These include the Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House and the White Horse Tavern, both built during the 17th century, plus Trinity Church, Touro Synagogue, the Colony House, and the Redwood Library, all built in the 18th century.British troops occupied Newport from 1776–1779, causing half the city's population to flee and ending a golden age of prosperity. Lesen Sie mehr The economic downturn that followed may not have been so great for its citizens but it certainly was for preserving Newport's architectural heritage, as few had the capital to raze buildings and replace them with bigger and better ones. By the mid-19th century the city had gained a reputation as the summer playground for the very wealthy, who built enormous mansions overlooking the Atlantic. These so-called "summer cottages," occupied for only six to eight weeks a year by the Vanderbilts, Berwinds, Astors, and Belmonts, helped establish the best young American architects. The presence of these wealthy families also brought the New York Yacht Club, which made Newport the venue for the America's Cup races beginning in 1930 until the 1983 loss to the Australians.The Gilded Age mansions of Bellevue Avenue are what many people associate most with Newport. These late-19th-century homes are almost obscenely grand, laden with ornate rococo detail and designed with a determined one-upmanship.Pedestrian-friendly Newport has so much else to offer in a relatively small geographical area— beaches, seafood restaurants, galleries, shopping, and cultural life. Summer can be crowded, but fall and spring are increasingly popular times of the year to visit.
Wandering through the city's famous Historic District, you would swear it is a movie set. Dozens of church steeples punctuate the low skyline, and horse-drawn carriages pass centuries-old mansions and town houses, their stately salons offering a crystal-laden and parquet-floored version of Southern comfort. Outside, magnolia-filled gardens overflow with carefully tended heirloom plants. At first glance, the city may resemble a 19th-century etching come to life—but look closer and you'll see that block after block of old structures have been restored. Happily, after three centuries of wars, epidemics, fires, and hurricanes, Charleston has prevailed and is now one of the South's best-preserved cities.Although it's home to Fort Sumter, where the bloodiest war in the nation's history began, Charleston is also famed for its elegant houses. Lesen Sie mehr These handsome mansions are showcases for the "Charleston style," a distinctive look that is reminiscent of the West Indies, and for good reason. Before coming to the Carolinas in the late 17th century, many early British colonists first settled on Barbados and other Caribbean islands. In that warm and humid climate they built homes with high ceilings and rooms opening onto broad "piazzas" (porches) at each level to catch sea breezes. As a result, to quote the words of the Duc de La Rochefoucauld, who visited in 1796, "One does not boast in Charleston of having the most beautiful house, but the coolest."Preserved through the hard times that followed the Civil War and an array of natural disasters, many of Charleston's earliest public and private buildings still stand. Thanks to a rigorous preservation movement and strict architectural guidelines, the city's new structures blend in with the old. In many cases, recycling is the name of the game—antique handmade bricks literally lay the foundation for new homes. But although locals do dwell—on certain literal levels—in the past, the city is very much a town of today.Take, for instance, the internationally heralded Spoleto Festival USA. For 17 days every spring, arts patrons from around the world come to enjoy international concerts, dance performances, operas, and plays at various venues citywide. Day in and day out, diners can feast at upscale restaurants, shoppers can look for museum-quality paintings and antiques, and lovers of the outdoors can explore Charleston's outlying beaches, parks, and waterways. But as cosmopolitan as the city has become, it's still the South, and just beyond the city limits are farm stands cooking up boiled peanuts, the state's official snack.
Quepos allows tourists to experience a once in a lifetime nature experience in Manuel Antonio National Park without leaving any of the familiar amenities behind. The close proximity of the park, located just 4.3 miles (7 km) to the south, and a wide array of services makes Quepos the perfect place to visit for those who wish to explore this enchanting area. The amenities available include everything from banks, restaurants, hotels, gift shops, bakeries, bars, a hospital, supermarket and even a post office. The area was once dependent on banana plantations which used to line the surrounding area. After disease infiltrated the harvest, interest transferred to African Palms as the prominent crop. Now, tourism has deemed itself the major economic factor, contributing to just about everything in the area. Quepos lures in many tourists for its fantastic sport fishing. Lesen Sie mehr In fact, some have come solely to participate in this world class experience and have never left, but besides sport fishing, many other activities are available. Exploring this maze of wetlands by boat is amazing but not the only way to see crocodiles, monkeys, herons, raccoons and more. This small paradise has the perfect balance between nature and the comfort and facilities someone might need.
Golfito, is situated along a small inlet of Golfo Dulce. This small port city is a narrow strip along Golfito Bay backed against steep green hills covered with pristine rainforest, with the Golfo Dulce seaward outside Golfito Bay. Surrounded by tropical rainforest, Golfito provides an ideal location to escape from your hectic schedule and enjoy some of the most beautiful beaches in Costa Rica with a stunning backdrop of verdant hills and lush rainforest. Follow a trail through the densely forested Golfito National Wildlife Refuge to observe rare flora and fauna, and emerge at a scenic outlook with views of the ocean, also the city has a variety of hotels and restaurants, many of which now provide free wireless Internet service for customers. Golfito was the main port on the South Pacific Coast of Costa Rica in the days when there was little except for the huge banana plantations. Lesen Sie mehr To help remedy the resulting economy decrease of the region, the government established a duty-free zone, support and impulse the touristic development.


Brown Leland Cpa is located at the address 601 W Riverside Ave in Spokane, Washington 99201. They can be contacted via phone at (509) 455-5459 for pricing, hours and directions.
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