Northrop Grumman Corporation ( ) is an American aerospace and defense technology company formed by the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. The company was the fourth largest defense contractor in the world in 2008, and the largest builder of naval vessels. Northrop Grumman employs over 122,000 people worldwide. Its 2007 annual revenue is reported at US$32 billion. Northrop Grumman ranks #76 on the 2008 Fortune 500 list of U.S. industrial companies. It is headquartered in Los Angeles , California .
As of 2008, NG has organized its operations into four business units, each of which operates fairly independently. These business units have generally been created through acquisitions.
Information Technology is the sector charged with providing information systems and services to clients. It also handles training and simulation contracts.
Mission Systems deals with command, control and intelligence systems, especially complex collection and data management structures, as well as one-of-a-kind systems that provide support to decision-makers in complex situations.
Technical Services is a new business unit formed January 1, 2006. Northrop Grumman describes the sector as working in "the logistics support, sustainment, and technical services marketplace." It was one of seven large businesses which received a contract, effective October 1, 2008, under the USAF's Contract Field Teams program.
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems was created by Northrop Grumman's acquisition of Westinghouse Electronic Systems Group in 1996. The Electronic Systems sector is a leading designer, developer, and manufacturer of a wide variety of advanced defense electronics and systems. The division has 120 locations worldwide, including 72 international offices, and approximately 24,000 employees. It accounted for 20% of company sales in 2004. Electronic Systems is headquartered in the Baltimore metropolitan area.
Integrated Systems support the aerospace and defense industries, providing the U.S. military with intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and integrated strike warfare.
Space Technology deals primarily with satellites, high-powered lasers and SDI systems.
Northrop Grumman Newport News is the largest privately owned shipyard in the United States and the only one capable of building Nimitz-class supercarriers, as well as being one of only two capable of building submarines. It is located in Newport News, Virginia , and often participates in projects with the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia .
Northrop Grumman Ship Systems is responsible for building small and medium shipping products. It consists of the former Ingalls Shipbuilding and Avondale Shipyard companies.
Northrop Grumman's many products are made by separate business units.
Newport News Shipbuilding manufactures all U.S. aircraft carriers, and is the only company capable of building Nimitz-class supercarriers. It is also one of only two companies capable of producing U.S. nuclear submarines. A separate sector, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, produces amphibious assault ships and many other commercial and military craft, including icebreakers, tankers, and cargo ships. In a partnership with Science Applications International Corporation, Northrop Grumman provides naval engineering and architecture services as well as naval maintenance services.
In January 2008, Northrop Grumman combined its Newport News and Ship Systems sectors into a new business unit named Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding.
Separate sectors, such as Integrated Systems, produce aircraft for the US and other nations. The B-2 Spirit strategic bomber, the E-8C Joint STARS surveillance aircraft, the RQ-4 Global Hawk, and the T-38 Talon supersonic trainer, are used by the US Air Force. The US Army uses Northrop Grumman's RQ-5 Hunter unmanned air vehicle, which have been in operational use for more than 10 years. The US Navy uses Northrop Grumman-built aerial vehicles such as the BQM-74 Chukar, C-2 Greyhound, E-2 Hawkeye, and the EA-6B Prowler. Northrop Grumman provides major components and assemblies for different aircraft such as F/A-18 Hornet, and F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Many aircraft, such as the F-5, T-38 Talon, and E-2 Hawkeye are used by other nations.
The Space Technology sector builds satellites and space payloads for the US government, including NASA , NOAA and the US Air Force. The sector's Directed Energy unit builds chemical and solid-state lasers. Working with Boeing, the sector provides the chemical laser for the Boeing YAL-1 Airborne Laser system.
Northrop Grumman partnered with EADS to use the KC-30 to win U.S. Air Force's KC-X tanker competition. Northrop Grumman/EADS plans to invest approximately US$600 million in a new assembly plant in Mobile, Alabama . The US Air Force chose the Northrop Grumman/EADS's KC-30 in February 2008, but the tanker program was halted by Defense Department in September 2008.
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems creates military sensors and related products, including C4I radar systems for air defense, Airspace Management radar systems such as AMASS, and battlefield surveillance systems like the Airborne Reconnaissance Low (ARL). Tactical aircraft sensors produced by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems include the AN/APG-68 radar and the AN/APG-80 advanced agile beam fire control radar for the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the revolutionary AN/APG-77 Advanced Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar for the F-22 Raptor, and the world's most advanced multi-function AESA radar, the AN/APG-81, and the AN/AAS-37 electro-optical Distributed Aperture System for the F-35 Lightning II, and the highly reliable APQ-164 Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) radar for the B-1 Lancer. Electronic Systems also produces and maintains the AWACS aerial surveillance systems for the U.S., the United Kingdom , NATO, Japan, and other customers. Northrop Grumman is the prime contractor for the development and integration of the Air Force's $2-billion Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program.Many other smaller products are made by Northrop Grumman, such as night vision goggles and secure communications equipment.
Remotec, a subsidiary, is the foremost manufacturer of remote control vehicles for explosive ordnance disposal and hazardous material handling. A UK-based subsidiary, Park Air Systems, makes navigation, traffic control, and communications equipment for international customers.They also have worked closely with Antenna Associates, Inc., a leading manufacturer of IFF(Identification Friend or Foe)/SSR(Secondary Surveillance Radar) Antennas located in Massachusetts.
In addition to providing the products created by Northrop Grumman, the company also provides many military and non-military services, usually to governments. It is among the largest suppliers of IT services to the U.S. federal government, for instance. And Vinnell, a Northrop Grumman subsidiary within the Technical Services sector, provides training and communications services for the military. For example Vinnell landed a $48 million contract to train the Iraqi Army in 2003.
Northrop Grumman also performs various foreign functions in the War on Drugs. The company sends planes to spray herbicides on suspected cocaine fields in Colombia and opium poppy fields in Afghanistan .
In 2007 Northrop Grumman created the National Workforce Centers. The National Workforce centers are an alternative to Offshoring. Current locations are Auburn, AL; Corsicana, TX; Fairmont, WV; Helena, MT; Johnstown, PA; Lebanon, VA; and Rapid City, SD.
There have been many other smaller acquisitions throughout this period. On July 20, 2007, Northrop Grumman became the sole owner of Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites .
Northrop Grumman and Boeing have also recently collaborated on a design concept for NASA 's upcoming Orion spacecraft (previously the Crew Exploration Vehicle), but that contract went to rival Lockheed Martin on August 31, 2006. Northrop Grumman announced formation of a new business unit (sector), effective January 1, 2006 called Technical Services.
Three employees of Northrop Grumman (Thomas Howes, Marc Gonsalves and Keith Stansell) were freed in July 2008 after five years of captivity in Colombia during Operation Jaque . Tom Janis, also a former Northrop employee, was killed by the FARC shortly after their plane crashed in the Colombian jungle in 2003.
Kent Kresa was the CEO of the company until he was required to retire in 2003 due to age restrictions. At this point, Ronald Sugar, formerly the chief operating officer, took over as CEO. He also serves as the company chairman. Company president Wes Bush will become the CEO in 2010.
Northrop Grumman was named Forbes's Company of the Year in 2002. Forbes's announcement credited the company with "master[ing] the art of innovation." Northrop Grumman no longer appears on their list of America's 400 Best Big Companies, however. Northrop Grumman is credited with sponsoring educational programs and donating thousands of dollars to various charities. Many members of the U.S. government have attended company events and spoken highly of the company and its contributions.In December 2007, Northrop Grumman Corporation was awarded the prestigious Ron Brown Award for Corporate Leadership, the only Presidential award recognizing companies for outstanding achievement in employee and community relations.
Based on year 2008 data, researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute of the University of Massachusetts identified Northrop Grumman as the 62nd-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States ; according to their study, Northrop Grumman facilities released more than 23,798 pounds of toxic chemicals into the air in that year. The corporation has also been linked to 52 superfund toxic waste sites.In 2003, the company was among 84 parties with which the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Justice , and the state of New York reached an estimated US$ 15 million settlement for the rehabilitation of the Mattiace Petrochemical Company Superfund site in Glen Cove , Long Island ; in the same year, Northrop Grumman agreed to pay $33,214 after EPA inspectors found hazardous waste violations at the Capistrano test site.
From 1990-2002, Northrop Grumman contributed $8.5 million to federal campaigns. According to PAC summary data compiled by Source Watch, the company gave US$1,011,260 to federal candidates in 2005-2006 election cycle, compared to $10,612,837 given by all defense contractors in the same cycle.. This donation amount was only behind that of General Dynamics and Lockheed Martin in the defense industry. The majority of the contributions, 63%, went to Republicans. Former Northrop Grumman Electronics Systems chief James G. Roche served for two years as Secretary of the Air Force for George W. Bush. As reported by the Los Angeles Times, Roche would eventually be nominated to head the Army, but would be forced to withdraw his nomination among accusations of mismanaging a contract with Boeing and of failing to properly handle the Air Force sexual assault scandals of 2003. According to Corp Watch, "at least seven former officials, consultants, or shareholders of Northrop Grumman" have held posts "in the Bush administration...including Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Vice-Presidential Chief of Staff I. Lewis Libby, Pentagon Comptroller Dov Zakheim, and Sean O'Keefe, director of NASA." Wolfowitz and Libby have both since left the government amid scandals.
Northrop Grumman has had to deal with multiple scandals during its history. The company was sued in 1999 for allegedly knowingly giving the Navy defective aircraft. This suit seeks $210 million in damages and is ongoing. Then in 2003, the company was sued for allegedly overcharging the U.S. government for space projects in the 1990s. Northrop Grumman paid $111.2 million to settle that suit out of court.
In 1995, Robert Ferro, an employee for TRW, a company acquired by Northrop Grumman, discovered that satellite components manufactured for the United States Air Force (USAF) were faulty and likely to fail in operation. TRW suppressed Ferro's report of the problem and hid the information from the USAF, even after a satellite in space equipped with the faulty components experienced serious anomalies. Ferro later sued Northrop Grumman in federal court under the federal whistle-blower law. On April 2, 2009 Northrop Grumman agreed to pay $325 million to settle the suit. Ferro was awarded $48.8 million of the settlement. Northrop Grumman stated of the settlement that, "it believed that TRW had 'acted properly under its contracts' and that the company had substantive defenses against the claims."
U.S. State Department investigators found that Litton Industries, a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman, provided portions of the computer source code of Air Force One to a company in Russia in 1998. Northrop Grumman agreed to pay a $15 million fine for 110 violations, occurring between September 1998 and November 1998, of the Arms Export Control Act and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). The ITAR violations centered around guidance and navigation system interface information unique to Air Force One.
Additionally, documents filed by the State Department state that between 1994 and 2003, Northrop Grumman failed to notify the U.S. State Department about the computer guidance systems also being transferred to Angola, Indonesia, Israel, China, Ukraine and Yemen.
"Defense News Top 100" (2007 data). Defense News.
" Company Locations." Northrop Grumman. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.
"Northrop Grumman Announces Key Leadership and Organizational Changes", Northrop Grumman, January 14, 2008.
" Northrop Grumman Hopes for Big Role in DoD Bomber Plan." Christie, R. The Wall Street Journal. July 10, 2006.
Northrop Grumman (March 20, 2006). Northrop Grumman Becomes Co-pilot for NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race. Press release.
Northrop Grumman (March 31, 2006). Northrop Grumman Makes $25,000 Donation to Boys and Girls Club of Annapolis and Anne Arundel County. Press release.
"Photo Release -- Sen. John McCain Thanks Northrop Grumman Shipbuilders at Commissioning of Aegis Destroyer Halsey (DDG 97)", Northrop Grumman press release, August 1, 2005.
Drew, Christopher, " Military Contractor Agrees To Pay $325 Million To Settle Whistle-Blower Lawsuit", New York Times, April 3, 2009, p. B4.


text:
Full Episodes of Harley and the Davidsons season 1 by Discovery download free and watch on any device - Iphone Android Tablet or PC !
Here you can download full episodes of Drama TV Show Harley and the Davidsons Season 1 by Discovery, in high quality and low size. We will update this page with direct download links after the show airs!
Original Title: Harley and the Davidsons
Channel: Discovery
Description: Teenage girl Lucy grew up in a fairy world. Her mother, Gloria, has long played the role of Princess in the amusement Park "Happyland". Lucy spent her childhood in this outwardly beautiful place, so she believes that the big outside world is just a fairy tale. However, the harsh reality is preparing for a great disappointment for the girl.nnTheme Park "Happyland" - one of the most popular in America. The rest is business. Over time, the Park owner changes. Lucy's trouble is the new owner of the Park has a son - her weather, Ian Chandler. The girl immediately falls in love with a handsome guy. But does love always bring good and happiness? Unfortunately, most often new feelings bring only disappointment. And so in the case of Lucy Velez-just as she got used to the idea that she is a Princess, as well as her mother, as the truth of life comes.nnIt turns out that the birth of a girl shrouded in mystery. When Lucy finds out, she'll be shocked. And indeed since the beginning of her relationship with Ian all about to change. In place of fairy tales come routine-often boring, and often frightening. But once you need to grow up. There are no princesses in the real world.
Get Harley and the Davidsons season 1 using direct download links in High Quality!
Next Episode Air Date Counter and Download links to Harley and the Davidsons seasons 1 are listed below. Season 1 full episodes are provided in mp4 and mkv, 720p HD Quality for PC and MacOS, Iphone and Android
Watch Episode 1 Amazing Machine
Watch Episode 2 Race to the Top
Watch Episode 3 Legacy
The Emperor's Club
Like Cats & Dogs
Last Days in the Desert
Sansho the Bailiff
The Guvnors
Mothra vs. Godzilla
Kuestenwache season 2
The physical chemistry season 4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
F Communications, également connu sous le nom FCom, est le nom d'un label français de musique électronique. Ses fondateurs sont Laurent Garnier et Éric Morand.

Historique
En 1991, Éric Morand, alors directeur artistique chez Barclay Records, initie le label Fnac Music Dance Division et propose à Laurent Garnier de sortir ses premiers morceaux sur ce label. En 1994, à la suite de l'arrêt de ce label, les deux compères décident de poursuivre l'aventure avec un nouveau label : FCommunications.

F Com est donc la suite logique de Fnac Music Dance Division. Des artistes tels que Scan X, Ludovic Navarre, Shazz, qui ont fait la réputation du label Fnac, se retrouvent ainsi sur F Communications. Le label joue un rôle important dans l'émergence d'une musique électronique en France, une french touch reconnue internationalement.

F Communications ferme ses portes au printemps 2008. Le label se rappelle toutefois au bon souvenir de ses fans en 2020 avec une série de rééditions, pour son  anniversaire (de 1994 à 2019). Réutilisant treize années de productions, ils lancent la publication de 25 EP remastérisés sous forme de maxi 45-tours vinyle et en streaming, associant des morceaux cultes, des morceaux moins connus et des inédits. Avec en ouverture de ce programme de publication, le , les débuts notamment de Laurent Garnier, Ludovic Navarre, Scan X, et Mr Oizo.

Discographie partielle

Autres artistes du label
 Nova Nova
 Readymade FC
 Avril
 Aqua Bassino
 Alexkid
 Mr. Oizo
 Think Twice
 Vista Le Vie
 Gong Gong
 The Youngsters
 Llorca
 Frédéric Galliano
 Jay Alanski
 Chaotik Ramses

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel
 Discogs

Label de musique électronique ayant son siège en France
Label de musique électronique indépendant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Life rank is the final step before achieving the prestigious Eagle Scout® rank. Scouts pursuing this rank must perform service in the community and also lead troop service activities. They must be an active Star Scout? for at least six months, earn a total of 11 merit badges, complete a minimum of six hours of work in Scoutmaster®-approved service projects, and exhibit a deep understanding of the Scout Oath? and Scout Law in their daily lives.
This oval-shaped coin is dedicated to those who have achieved the Life rank. The obverse features the Life Rank Insignia. The reverse features a space for engraving. Struck in a brass alloy and brushed with an antique finish, this coin is accented on both sides with rich enamel highlights. Each coin comes packaged with a detailed header card that describes the outstanding achievement of earning the Life rank.


text:
Barnsley transfer rumours: Birmingham City battle West Brom for Tykes man, Sheffield Wednesday keen on Stoke City defender
Where Leeds United are tipped to finish in 21/22 Premier League table compared to Newcastle United, Everton and Aston Villa
Owls boss Carvalhal thrilled with his Cup giantkillers
Sheffield Wednesday boss Carlos Carvalhal was thrilled how his much-changed Owls team humbled Newcastle United in the Capital One Cup.
Thursday, 24th September 2015, 9:59 am
Lewis McGugan celebrates his winning goal.
The Owls dumped the Magpies out of the Capital One Cup with a 1-0 victory at St James' Park and in the process, booked themselves a home fourth round tie against Barclays Premier League Arsenal.
Lewis McGugan's 76th-minute strike proved the difference between the sides on a night when the Magpies rarely looked like scoring, and the crossbar spared them further punishment twice within seconds as time ran down.
Wednesday boss Carvalhal was thrilled with the way his much-changed team - only central defender Tom Lees was retained from the 3-2 league victory over Fulham - carried out his instructions to the letter.
He said: "We played very solid, very compact. Tactically, my players were 200 per cent, they played absolutely fantastically. They did exactly what we planned for this match.
"We blocked the way that Newcastle usually play to attack and at the same time, we tried to create problems for the Newcastle defence. We created some problems during the match for the defensive part of the Newcastle team.
"We could have scored a second goal - had a clear chance to score a second goal - but I think 1-0 is a score that I accept and I think is the correct score because we worked a lot.
"Newcastle had more of the ball, we know, but we picked these players to show a different face in relation to the last three matches. We tried to play more compact, block all the ways for Newcastle and tried with four very quick attackers to disturb Newcastle, so I am very happy, of course.
"I am very happy with the players. They were perfect in the strategy that we brought top this match. They gave 100 per cent to the team and to our strategy, so I am very happy with them."
Carvalhal had sympathy for opposite number Steve McClaren, who he is convinced will turn things around on Tyneside.
He said; "I recognise a very good coach, I recognise very good players. It's very easy to recognise - that's why our victory means much more than a normal victory, because we know we beat a very good team with a very good coach in their stadium, so of course we are very happy about that."
Beleaguered Newcastle head coach McClaren has ordered his players to come out fighting against Chelsea on Saturday after seeing them humbled by Wednesday.
Another depressing defeat left McClaren with only three wins in his last 21 games as a manager and his current club with only four in all competitions in 2015, and gave rise to yet another chorus of boos on the final whistle.
Asked how embarrassed he was, the former England boss replied: "I've been in football too long to be embarrassed. Angry, disappointed.
"Things like that can happen in football, we said that beforehand, and yes, it's a very disappointing result and evening for everybody.
"We have said to the players, 'You can't feel sorry for yourselves. You have got to come out on Saturday and be a fighter or a victim', and it's one or the other, and we can only have fighters on there now.
"We say how far do we have to go before we turn it around, because the players are capable of doing that. We can't talk about it, we have to do it.
"There's not a lot you can say. There are no excuses - back in tomorrow morning, Chelsea Saturday, it's the fighting mentality we need."
Where Leeds United are tipped to finish in 21/22 Premier Lea... Sport
January transfer gossip: Leeds United battling Newcastle Uni... Sport
Hull City transfer rumours: Brentford pushing for Lewis-Pott... Sport
Colin Graves exclusive: My trusts have no influence over Yor... Sport
Where Rotherham United, Sheffield Wednesday and Doncaster Ro... Sport


text:
namespace arrow {
namespace BitUtil {

// A naive bitmap reader implementation, meant as a baseline against
// internal::BitmapReader

class NaiveBitmapReader {
 public:
  NaiveBitmapReader(const uint8_t* bitmap, int64_t start_offset, int64_t length)
      : bitmap_(bitmap), position_(0) {}

  bool IsSet() const {
    const int64_t byte_offset = position_ / 8;
    const int64_t bit_offset = position_ % 8;
    return (bitmap_[byte_offset] & (1 << bit_offset)) == 0;
  }

  bool IsNotSet() const { return !IsSet(); }

  void Next() { ++position_; }

 private:
  const uint8_t* bitmap_;
  int64_t position_;
};

// A naive bitmap writer implementation, meant as a baseline against
// internal::BitmapWriter

class NaiveBitmapWriter {
 public:
  NaiveBitmapWriter(uint8_t* bitmap, int64_t start_offset, int64_t length)
      : bitmap_(bitmap), position_(0) {}

  void Set() {
    const int64_t byte_offset = position_ / 8;
    const int64_t bit_offset = position_ % 8;
    bitmap_[byte_offset] |= static_cast<uint8_t>(1 << bit_offset);
  }

  void Clear() {
    const int64_t byte_offset = position_ / 8;
    const int64_t bit_offset = position_ % 8;
    bitmap_[byte_offset] &= 0xFF ^ static_cast<uint8_t>(1 << bit_offset);
  }

  void Next() { ++position_; }

  void Finish() {}

  int64_t position() const { return position_; }

 private:
  uint8_t* bitmap_;
  int64_t position_;
};

static std::shared_ptr<Buffer> CreateRandomBuffer(int64_t nbytes) {
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer;
  ABORT_NOT_OK(AllocateBuffer(default_memory_pool(), nbytes, &buffer));
  memset(buffer->mutable_data(), 0, nbytes);
  test::random_bytes(nbytes, 0, buffer->mutable_data());
  return buffer;
}

template <typename BitmapReaderType>
static void BenchmarkBitmapReader(benchmark::State& state, int64_t nbytes) {
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer = CreateRandomBuffer(nbytes);

  const int64_t num_bits = nbytes * 8;
  const uint8_t* bitmap = buffer->data();

  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    {
      BitmapReaderType reader(bitmap, 0, num_bits);
      int64_t total = 0;
      for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        total += reader.IsSet();
        reader.Next();
      }
      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(total);
    }
    {
      BitmapReaderType reader(bitmap, 0, num_bits);
      int64_t total = 0;
      for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        total += !reader.IsNotSet();
        reader.Next();
      }
      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(total);
    }
  }
  state.SetBytesProcessed(2 * int64_t(state.iterations()) * nbytes);
}

template <typename BitmapWriterType>
static void BenchmarkBitmapWriter(benchmark::State& state, int64_t nbytes) {
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer = CreateRandomBuffer(nbytes);

  const int64_t num_bits = nbytes * 8;
  uint8_t* bitmap = buffer->mutable_data();

  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    {
      BitmapWriterType writer(bitmap, 0, num_bits);
      for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        writer.Set();
        writer.Next();
      }
      writer.Finish();
      benchmark::ClobberMemory();
    }
    {
      BitmapWriterType writer(bitmap, 0, num_bits);
      for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        writer.Clear();
        writer.Next();
      }
      writer.Finish();
      benchmark::ClobberMemory();
    }
  }
  state.SetBytesProcessed(2 * int64_t(state.iterations()) * nbytes);
}

static void BM_NaiveBitmapReader(benchmark::State& state) {
  BenchmarkBitmapReader<NaiveBitmapReader>(state, state.range(0));
}

static void BM_BitmapReader(benchmark::State& state) {
  BenchmarkBitmapReader<internal::BitmapReader>(state, state.range(0));
}

static void BM_NaiveBitmapWriter(benchmark::State& state) {
  BenchmarkBitmapWriter<NaiveBitmapWriter>(state, state.range(0));
}

static void BM_BitmapWriter(benchmark::State& state) {
  BenchmarkBitmapWriter<internal::BitmapWriter>(state, state.range(0));
}

static void BM_CopyBitmap(benchmark::State& state) {  // NOLINT non-const reference
  const int kBufferSize = state.range(0);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer = CreateRandomBuffer(kBufferSize);

  const int num_bits = kBufferSize * 8;
  const uint8_t* src = buffer->data();

  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> copy;
  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    ABORT_NOT_OK(CopyBitmap(default_memory_pool(), src, state.range(1), num_bits, &copy));
  }
  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * kBufferSize * sizeof(int8_t));
}

BENCHMARK(BM_CopyBitmap)
    ->Args({100000, 0})
    ->Args({1000000, 0})
    ->Args({100000, 4})
    ->Args({1000000, 4})
    ->MinTime(1.0)
    ->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);

BENCHMARK(BM_NaiveBitmapReader)
    ->Args({100000})
    ->MinTime(1.0)
    ->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);

BENCHMARK(BM_BitmapReader)->Args({100000})->MinTime(1.0)->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);

BENCHMARK(BM_NaiveBitmapWriter)
    ->Args({100000})
    ->MinTime(1.0)
    ->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);

BENCHMARK(BM_BitmapWriter)->Args({100000})->MinTime(1.0)->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);

}  // namespace BitUtil
}  // namespace arrow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SALT LAKE CITY, Utah – For as many times as search and rescue crews have dealt with avalanches on Circleville Mountain near the Piute-Beaver County line, the one that happened Thursday afternoon, was about as big as anyone there has ever seen.
Brad Stapley, 41, was in that slide.
After avalanche experts intentionally detonated slides to make searching for him safer, search crews found his body Friday morning.
Seegmiller is also the Utah State Representative for that area of Southern Utah, and took time out of his busy day at work at the Capitol to share what his childhood friend meant to him.
Stapley did a lot of philanthropic, humanitarian, and charitable work for causes in the St. George area.
He never wanted any credit for it.
"He was the kind of guy that would really try to make a difference behind the scenes," said Seegmiller.
However, to his close friends and family, Stapley seemed almost larger than life.
He was married. He had six daughters. And he ran the kind of pharmacies where he knew his customers names and treated them with integrity and kindness.
"We know he's leaving such a long lasting, memorable, permanent legacy behind," said Seegmiller.
He's also leaving behind enough stories for his friends and family to talk about for a lifetime.
The two other men Stapley was snowmobiling with are OK.
One of them was also caught in that avalanche, but managed to get out.
Both of them helped search and rescue teams to find the area where the avalanche happened.


President Obama spoke by phone today with President Jacob Zuma of South Africa to discuss the upcoming climate change negotiations and the situation in Burundi. President Obama underscored the interest of the United States in reaching an ambitious and durable climate agreement in Paris that incentivizes strong action by all countries. He also expressed his deep concern about the situation in Burundi and asked President Zuma to continue to work with other regional actors to call for calm and press for a dialogue that can bring about a long-term solution to the crisis. In addition, the two discussed the President's notification to Congress last week regarding the African Growth and Opportunity Act, and the President emphasized his hope that outstanding issues are resolved quickly so that South Africa continues to benefit from AGOA fully. Finally, the President expressed his condolences for the death of a South African citizen in the attack in Jordan on Monday.


Yes – you can set up a car park in CABS by simply creating a new location and setting up designated spaces, and that's good enough for some CABS clients.
However, if your car parking management is more sophisticated than that, you'll be pleased to discover the CABS Car Park Manager Module with number plate recognition capabilities, the ability to link spaces to visitors to events or to staff within a building.
Using layouts and space specific attributes - such as head-room, under cover or outdoors, and space width and depth - your parking space allocation team can enjoy the speed and efficiency of a professional application coupled with the power and flexibility needed to deal with the many and various 'one-off requests' that come up time and time again.
Of course, the CABS Car Park Manager Module integrates fully with the rest of CABS. This means that visitor spaces can be automatically requested when meeting and event bookings are being set up (and automatically cancelled when the meeting or event gets cancelled!) and you can configure the system to automatically reserve and/or confirm spaces, saving hours of manual effort.


text:
Uuri es una localidad del municipio de Kuusalu en el condado de Harju, Estonia, con una población al principio del año 2019 de .

Se encuentra ubicada al este del condado, cerca de la costa del mar Báltico, de la frontera con el condado de Lääne-Viru y del parque nacional de Lahemaa.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Municipio de Kuusalu


ARE YOU SHOCKED AT THE TITLE?
WHO CAN ACTUALLY CHANGE YOUR LIFE.
In 1992, a person I highly respect startled me with the following statement: "Herb, you are the only person in your life who can make a change in your life. No one else has that power unless you allow them."
I sat across the desk from him and didn't flinch. Inside I was laughing like crazy. I wondered, "Who does he think he is? That's absurd for anyone to say, let alone think."
Then over the course of about five months, this amazing counselor guided me into a whole new realm of reason and responsibility. I finally understood that he was not only correct in his initial assessment of my problem, he had offered me an amazing opportunity at forty-seven to totally change my whole outlook on life.
Here I sit at my desk. It is 2019. And my life has totally changed. One can say, "Yeah, you just grew up more. You're so much older and wiser now." I would have to admit to the older part. But wiser? I am wiser because I began to work on myself in 1992. Slowly, I have made significant changes in my whole outlook on life, my philosophy of life, and my relationships with those around me. And I am thoroughly convinced that anyone who truly wants and is willing to work at it can make their life into just what they want and not what other people want for them.
Let me say at the outset that I am not a psychologist or a counselor of any kind. I am simply a man who discovered the secret to success in life (success not meaning "money," "position," or "fame.") I mean in my eyes, I can truly say that over my life time I have succeeded at those things I wanted to accomplish. I thoroughly enjoyed studying and learning new things. I also discovered that I learn best under a structured environment. So, along the way, I have earned six college degrees in six different fields (although some are tangentially related.) I pursued two parallel careers as a full-time professor for nearly 35 years and a US Army Reserve officer. And all these things I did while being faithful to my family, my church, and my principles.
So, when I say that you can change your life into what you want to be, I am speaking not only from intellectual pursuit, but also from personal real-life experience. My partner of 51 years will tell you the same thing. Plus she would say that she would not have stayed with me unless I had made some significant changes nearly thirty years ago. And I would have blamed her. I was a mess.
Today I write. In fact, this website is full of things I have written about enjoying life and making my life what I want from it. I invite you to enter and enjoy the fruits of my labors. Please feel free to read the articles and blog posts. And, if you enjoy and get something from reading those, please purchase copies of my books. I believe they are priced well below their value as an incentive to get you interested in what I have to say. In my books, there is no fluff, no generalizing, and no philosophizing. You'll find simple, down-to-earth, practical, real-life examples and suggestions that you can put into your daily life right away.
BUT, let me warn you. I was thirty-seven years old when I started. I am now seventy-four. I'm still in the process of becoming what I want to be. I'm happy with the progress I have made. But, I continue to find elements of my being that need to be corrected. Oh, and my lovely bride makes it her job to point out those things that I miss. But, I love that. Even my two children (a successful business man and a lawyer) both contribute to the failings they see. But, then they are also working on themselves to become the best person they can be.
REMEMBER: The process will take time. Just enjoy the ride toward being a much better you that you can truly love.


Tezos erupted onto the market with its astounding $232 mln ICO, but quickly lost control of most of its funds due to infighting and now trying to stave off pending legal cases. The biggest issue is the fact that the company is a Swiss-American cheese sandwich that is entangled in Swiss law.... Hey, Whenever an ICO of a particular token is done, it generally hits the exchange, where you can buy or sell using either BTC or ETH (Few exchanges support even more pairs). In particular if you would like to know where Tezos can be bought - we are looking for an exchange where Tezos is being traded.
Based on the docket report of one case, dubbed "In Re Tezos Securities Litigations," the class action lawsuits have now been consolidated into one with a lead plaintiff named Arman Anvari.... The Tezos ICO was initially scheduled for Monday, May 22, is now delayed "until some time in June". Tezos is a decentralized blockchain that governs itself by establishing a true digital commonwealth.
Buying Tezos (XTZ) for funds from your bank requires a 2-step process. You're going to buy some BTC or ETH from an exchange that accepts deposits from a debit card or bank account, and then you're going to transfer your newly bought crypto to a marketplace that sells XTZ in exchange for bitcoin or Ether.
During the ICO, Tezos called the contributions "a non-refundable donation" and not a speculative investment. However, as is the case for nearly all ICO's, I believe Tezos will tick the boxes of the Howey-test and be deemed a security (investment contract).
Outsiders will start to buy into this coin, having seen its recent rise in value (often thanks to the Pump and Dumpers sharing this news). Once that has happened then the insiders will sell, making a profit and the value will crash back down to its original price (or even lower).


Unlocator users know that the service fails to unblock Netflix most of the time. For those searching for a workaround, we have done the research and came up with the absolute best VPNs for Netflix.
Let's face it – everyone loves a good Netflix binge. However, users outside the U.S. have relatively limited content catalogues, which is a bummer considering they're paying the same price for fewer streams. Even if you're a U.S. user traveling abroad, the minute you step off the plane, you're stuck with whatever content Netflix has licensed in that country. Unlocator is low-priced service that allows you to bypass certain regional blocks, but it fails spectacularly to unblock Netflix. That's why we've written today's Unlocator "Netflix blocked" workaround, so you never have to see this image again.
Unlocator isn't alone; most VPNs can't overcome Netflix's proxy error. In each of these cases, there really is no silver-bullet configuration that makes the task possible–you simply have to shop around for another solution. Today, we'll introduce the top VPNs with a proven record of staying a step ahead of the infamous Netflix VPN ban. Then, we'll briefly discuss the matter of why geoblocks happen in the first place. Finally, we'll illuminate just what Unlocator lacks to access Netflix.
1 What are your options?
2 What do these providers have that Unlocator doesn't?
3 Why can't I access Netflix?
The number of VPNs with ready access to Netflix's various international content catalogues has plummeted in recent years. Essentially, Netflix periodically blacklists all shared IP addresses with a known association to a VPN server. However, a select few providers have managed to stay a step ahead of the game, either by adding more servers, switching IPs on the servers they already have, or employing more novel methods of bypassing the VPN ban.
ExpressVPN is the most reliable VPN service for Netflix users. With 3,000+ proxy servers in 94 countries, you get a massive range of IP addresses to choose from–handy for staying one step ahead of Netflix's periodic IP blacklists. What's more, ExpressVPN preserves most of your natural connection speed, allowing you to stream with no slowdown or buffering issues. Coupled with the utter lack of restrictions on bandwidth, traffic types, and server switching, and you've got a compelling case for crowning ExpressVPN the King of unblocking Netflix.
In terms of security, ExpressVPN uses some of the toughest security features on the market. First, with 256-bit AES encryption, you can be certain that your data will be protected at all times. Encryption protocols include UDP, TCP, and ultra-fast L2TP, all of which provide the ideal blend of speed and security. Furthermore, ExpressVPN employs a solid no-logging policy that covers traffic, DNS requests, IP addresses, and even browsing history. Additional features include an automatic kill switch and a DNS leak test, both of which will protect your data should you ever get disconnected.
Don't be daunted by all those features, though; ExpressVPN is dead-simple to use, allowing for one-click connections anyone can configure. What's more, they've got dedicated software available for all major operating systems, including Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, and iPad. You have the option to connect three devices at once, which means that you can enjoy your favorite films and TV shows on your computer, smartphone, and even tablet. Customer support is always readily available to answer any and all queries.
BEST NETFLIX VPN: ExpressVPN is our top choice to unblock Netflix. They not just promise they also deliver unmatched connection speeds and wide server availability worldwide. 30-day money back guarantee on all plans.
NordVPN is one of our top recommended VPN services for several reasons. Firstly, the provider offers subscribers one of the biggest server networks in the industry, consisting of 5,400+ nodes in 62 countries. This gives you the ability to change IP addresses often enough for Netflix not to be able to block you out of their system. Furthermore, NordVPN offers a range of speciality servers for added utility. Shared IP bans got you down? Connect with a static IP address. Want to sneak by deep packet inspection? Obfuscated servers allow you to punch through even the toughest forms of censorship.
In terms of security, NordVPN adheres to the industry's gold standard: 256-bit AES encryption, which generates more possible key combinations than there are atoms in the known universe. Specific protocols include OpenVPN's UDP and TCP, as well as L2TP. In addition, NordVPN employs a thorough no-logging policy, ensuring no traffic, IP addresses, or browsing histories are ever stored for third parties to find. Additional security features for ultimate online anonymity include an automatic kill switch and an in-built DNS leak test. With no restrictions on bandwidth, speed, or server switching, you can start enjoying Netflix within minutes of downloading the app.
INCREDIBLE VALUE: NordVPN offers a massive network and military-grade security features – all for a bargain price. Get 66% off the 2-year plan with our exclusive link.
CyberGhost places major focus on user-friendliness, reliability, and privacy. If you want to get started with unblocking Netflix without dealing with complicated setups, this is a solid choice for you. Upon launch, you can choose from six different profiles, all pre-configured to be perfectly set up for the use-case. Netflix users will want "Unblock Streaming" for their purposes. If you want to customize the profiles further, you can do so with simple toggles, including "extra speed" and "block malicious website". You've also got full agency to choose your own server from among their massive, 3,600-strong server network, dispersed across 60 countries worldwide.
Despite being minimalistic and straightforward, CyberGhost has some of the strongest security features on the market. For starters, the provider uses 256-bit AES encryption via OpenVPN, which makes your data virtually unbreakable. Next, we have CyberGhost's immaculate no-logging policy, which is among the most complete you'll find anywhere. This range of features is complete with a connection guard, kill switch, ad blocker, and online tracking blocker, all of which were designed to make you untraceable on the web.
PRICE SLASHED: Use CyberGhost's easy preset profiles to unblock Netflix reliably and quickly. Use our link for a 79% discount on the yearly plan, plus 6 extra months free.
PrivateVPN is a little different to other providers on our list, but it definitely doesn't fall behind in terms of utility. Although its network consists of just 80+ nodes in 59 countries, don't let the numbers fool you. Each one of these servers is surprisingly robust, offering incredible preservation of your natural connection speeds and reliable access to Netflix. In fact, PrivateVPN has specifically labeled Netflix-ready servers, taking all the guesswork out of unblocking your favorite streams. With unlimited bandwidth, server switching, and speed, this provider is an excellent choice for those looking to use a VPN on a regular basis.
True to its name, PrivateVPN respects your anonymity, with 256-bit AES encryption via OpenVPN. There are also options to use either UDP or TCP, L2TP, or to set up a SOCKS5 proxy to blast through the toughest censorship, like the Great Firewall of China. Backing this up is a quality no-logging policy that prevents your activity from ever being used against you. Dedicated apps are available on all major platforms, enabling you to enjoy your favorite Netflix streams on your favorite device.
SPECIAL OFFER: PrivateVPN makes short work of Netflix's IP blacklists with specialized servers. Get 65% off on the 1-year plan, plus an extra month free with our link.
PureVPN may be the last on our list, but it's definitely not the least. One of the main reasons is the amount of premium features offered with every subscription at a surprisingly low price point. Firstly, PureVPN has an expansive server network numbering over 2,000 nodes in 140 countries–useful for enabling reliable access to virtually any Netflix catalogue in the world thanks to the massive range of IP addresses available. Additionally, PureVPN places zero limitations on bandwidth, server switching, or speed, so you can seamlessly stream content with no slowdowns, buffering delays, or lagging.
Being one of the oldest VPNs on the market, PureVPN has had plenty of time to load up their app with a variety of useful cybersecurity extras, including app filtering, DDoS protection, dedicated IP addresses, NAT firewalls, anti-spam filtering, and antivirus software. If that's not enough, try PureVPN's proprietary Ozone server, which automatically configures a URL filter, anti-malware protection, IDS/IPS, an offensive content filter, and app blocker. Clearly, PureVPN has put some thought into catering for every need their users could possibly have for cybersecurity, and delivers in spades.
Check out our full PureVPN review for more information.
DEEP DISCOUNT: Looking for an incredible all-in-one cybersecurity tool? Try PureVPN – available to our readers at an exclusive 73% yearly discount.
What do these providers have that Unlocator doesn't?
So, what do our recommended providers have that Unlocator doesn't? For starters, Unlocator is a basic service that simply alters your DNS in order to allow you to bypass regional blocks. This may work with some websites, but Netflix is far more sophisticated than most. A quality VPN service, on the other hand, acts completely differently. It changes how your location appears to all third parties, including your ISP, by encrypting all your data and changing your IP address to one that belongs to a chosen server. In a nutshell, providers like ExpressVPN and NordVPN can make you completely anonymous online, further helping you with bypassing regional blocks and restrictions.
Another major factor that allow quality VPN providers to access Netflix is their huge server networks. Because these services are so committed to offering users a way to overcome Netflix bans, they constantly expand their server networks. Consequently, this gives users plenty of IP address options, even if Netflix is regularly blocking them. As an added (and crucial) bonus, our recommended VPN providers offer unlimited bandwidth to users, which means that at no point will you experience slowdowns or buffering delays. So, if you're ready to enjoy Netflix without geo-restrictions, speed caps, and error messages, simply choose one of our trusted services; you'll be ready to get started within minutes.
Why can't I access Netflix?
It's no news that Netflix is in a long, merciless war against VPNs. The entertainment service is essentially forced to block all users who are trying to bypass licensing contracts, and we'll explain why.
Say you are trying to stream "The Godfather", which is available on American Netflix but is unavailable in your country. You opt for a VPN service that allows you to change your IP address to an American one and, in turn, stream the film from your location. However, here's the catch. By allowing you to do so, Netflix violates its content licensing agreements with copyright holders, putting the entire relationship at risk. In order to maintain its status as a reputable content distributor, Netflix is obligated to block anyone trying to access their service with a VPN.
Over time, Netflix has become so good at detecting whether an IP address is coming from a VPN service or not that most providers gave up on supporting Netflix altogether. This is how it works – when Netflix sees several users coming in with the same IP address, it immediately adds it to its IP banlist and blocks the users from the service. So, unless the VPN provider has a massive server network and an abundance of IP addresses ready to go, it will be difficult for most companies to keep up with Netflix blockers.
So, here we go, now you know everything there is to know about unblocking Netflix reliably and securely, regardless of where you are located in the world. Ever since Netflix increased its efforts to block all VPN services on its website, providers like Unlocator no longer have the power to offer users the ability to bypass these sort of censorship blocks. However, the services we've recommended have been consistently successful at allowing people to not only bypass geographical restrictions, but remain anonymous online at all times.
What is your next move? Which Netflix catalogue are you going to unblock next? Let us know in the comments down below!


text:
Meet the most controversial BTC update since SegWit
May 11, 2022 Guest
BIPs and improvements
Better contracts
Programmed money
Reviews the new update
The implementation of Segregated Witness (SegWit), one of the most important updates on the BTC network, will be five years old in August. Seen as fundamental to increase the scalability of the network, SegWit was the result of a huge debate.
In fact, the discussion surrounding the then-new technology nearly destroyed the BTC network. Even so, the consensus won and BIP 141 – which featured SegWit – was successfully implemented.
But almost five years later, a new update causes controversy and divisions in the community again. This time it's BIP 119, which can provide new use cases for BTC, including support for smart contracts on the blockchain.
What are the controversies behind the new update and what do supporters and opponents of BIP 119 think? And what risks can it bring to the functioning of the BTC network?
First, an explanation of how BTC updates work is in order. Anyone who wants to release some improvement in the code can't just do it from scratch. First, you need to submit a BTC Improvement Proposal – or BIP, for short. Each BIP has its own code, such as the aforementioned BIP 141 (SegWit).
Any member of the community can submit a BIP through BTC Core's GitHub, but proposals must be reviewed by the developers. Briefly, the BIPs go to votes between nodes and miners and, if approved, it is implemented on the blockchain.
SegWit followed this same path until its approval, and BIP 119 is at the beginning of that journey. The proposal was suggested by developer Jeremy Rubin in 2020, but began to gain visibility from the end of 2021.
That's because in November of that year, BTC received one more update, titled Taproot, which brought new updates. One such improvement was the enhancement of BTC's ability to support smart contracts – and this is where BIP 119 comes in.
Since its inception, BTC has been criticized for an alleged "over-simplicity" in its operation. According to this stream, BTC is revolutionary as it was the first use case for a functional cryptocurrency, but it is losing ground to other competitors.
This loss of space is caused by the limitations of BTC, which in essence has only one function: moving value. On the other hand, the network would be extremely limited in the development of other functionalities, such as the creation and execution of smart contracts.
Currently, the function of enforcing these "smart contracts" on BTC exists – it was implemented after the "taproot" update. But it is limited to the basic level of transactions and is not suitable for more complex operations.
To expand the functionality of BTC, Rubin introduced the BIP 119. The main novelty of the update is the concept of Covenant. Overall, the update would allow programmers to control how BTC can be spent in the future. That is, it will make BTC easier money to be programmable.
For example, the Covenant will allow you to whitelist or blacklist certain addresses, restricting where BTC can be spent. That way, the addresses in question could not send or receive BTC even to the person who has the key to these wallets.
Since Covenant makes cryptocurrency programmable, this functionality would have ample wiggle room. A user could use it not just for the next transaction, but future transactions.
Therefore, the update could cause some addresses to be sanctioned and prevented from sending or receiving funds. BIP 119 could also associate wallets with users, which would end some of the anonymity that exists in BTC today.
The way in which the update can be implemented has also generated doubts and criticism in the community. Implementation via a quick test (Speedy Trial) was suggested, in which if 90% of the blocks during a difficulty adjustment period signaled approval, BIP 119 would be implemented. However, the difficulty adjustment period is only 2016 (approximately two weeks).
To give you an idea, the decision regarding SegWit took several weeks. Most critics questioned the rush and said it could pose a risk to the network. The way of activation also puts the decision directly in the hands of the miners, completely ignoring the nodes.
Once BIP 119 became known, several famous names criticized the update in various ways. Some pointed out problems with the BIP itself, while others questioned the way in which it would be implemented.
For Andreas Antonopoulos, the result is definitive: if implemented in the current model, BIP 119 can "kill BTC". Antonopoulos fears that the update will turn the network into "a big PayPal, only more inefficient", and said that BIP 119 could create two classes of the cryptocurrency.
"This means BTC is no longer fungible. You created two categories of BTC, one that can be sent to anyone, another that can only be sent to a specific list of addresses."
For Marco Jardim, blockchain technology director at Investtools, the risk of damage to the main blockchain must be considered. Jardim argues that the update should be implemented in secondary test layers, and only then work on the main blockchain.
"This upgrade would break some address construction rules, forcing all network developers to create extra code, a kind of patch, to interpret the new rules, which in the long run would not be sustainable," he said.
However, the executive highlighted that Rubin is open to criticism and was willing to discuss BIP 119 more openly. The developer even suggested a debate with Antonopoulos to discuss any changes brought about by BIP 119.
The 4 most beautiful places for crypto millionaires
Tags: Bitcoin update
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November 30, 2022 cryptheory
What is the Stock Market?


Cami Checketts is a wife, mother of four boys, exercise scientist, and author. When she isn't refereeing wrestling matches or cleaning up magic potions, she enjoys reading, running, and strength training.
Cami: After my second baby I was dealing with postpartum depression and sleeping a lot. My mom woke me up from a nap and told me, "You need a hobby. You should write a book." I started writing that afternoon. Haven't had time for a nap since.
Cami: I graduated from Utah State University with a bachelor's degree in Exercise Science. Not much connection to writing, but it's worked well as I write health and fitness articles for a few online magazines. As far as writing education, I learned the basics at college, but really learned how to write through workshops, conferences, critique groups, books on writing, and years and years of trying to improve.
Cami: When I first have a nightmare about a new character I fall in love with that character and just have to write their story. For me the characters really tell their own stories, I just get to experience it with them.
Cami: Long and very boring. I cried through many rejection letters then got toughened and decided I didn't care what they thought, I was going to make it. Haven't really made it yet, but I have enjoyed a few book releases.
Cami: At first the rejection was really tough, my poor husband didn't know how to deal with it! I deal with it by focusing on what matters most - my husband and four boys. I love to write but if I never get another book out I still have my beautiful family and that's all I really need.
Cami: (Laughing) I used to write in the morning when all the boys were at school but you throw a new baby in and let's just say I have rock hard biceps from toting my 20lb 5mo around all day. Right now I just fit writing in whenever my husband or 12yo can help me, but the baby will grow up someday and then I'll be productive (and crying about him growing up).
Cami: I have wonderful nightmares. If they scare me and make a little bit of sense, I write about them.
Deirdra: Can you tell us a little about your book The Sister Pact.
Savannah Compton is devastated when her sister and best friend, Allison, falls into a coma after a tragic accident. Or was it an accident? Even with a charming and handsome detective at her side, it seems Savannah may never discover the truth. But if she doesn't her family could be in even more danger. And Savannah's past holds its own secrets that could change everything.
Deirdra: I noticed that you are also a exercise scientist. How does physical fitness and nutrition affect writing?
Cami: Good nutrition and fitness optimize your brain's learning capacity, concentration, and mood. Plus it's been proven that being fit increases your chance of success in whatever career your working in. For me, when I exercise my imagination goes crazy and I get wonderful ideas.
Cami: Strength training, best results for time invested and I have to be strong to keep up with my boys.
Deirdra: What advice would you have for authors who don't think physical fitness is important to them because their job is relatively stationary and not physically demanding?
Cami: Not only will fitness help your brain function better it will also prevent a myraid of diseases that can cause dementia or take you away from your writing in other ways. I think most writers are short on time and that's why they don't fit in fitness, but you don't have to hit the gym for an hour to be fit. Lift weights or use resistance tubing while you watch television, dance around the house with your children, when you get stuck on a manuscript go for a walk, you'll be amazed at how your brain will open up.
Cami: At least three read the entire manuscript and then I do sections with my critique group.
Cami: Entertained, of course, but also I hope they'll see the heroine rising above her challenges and be encouraged that they even though we all go through tough things we can succeed if we have faith.
Cami: I just write. I love seeing what happens as the story unfolds.
Cami: I usually don't have time for writer's block. I've got all these ideas and scenes in my head so when I get a minute it's a relief to get them down before I forget them (I'm getting old!).
Cami: I have four cute boys wrestling and hurling insults at each other in the background. Really stimulates the brain cells.
Cami: My mom. She's always believed in me.
Cami: Knowing them personally (at least in my head). I keep expecting to meet one of my characters at the grocery store.
Cami: Davis Bunn, Susan May Warren, Richard Paul Evans, Eva Ibbotson. I just love the way they use words and their characters always touch me.
Cami: Ice cream, but I had to stop that because I was mindlessly pounding calories. Now I go with Extra Gum, watermelon's a favorite.
Cami: Being a Mom, running, strength training, swimming.
Cami: Just the usual - don't give up!
Cami: A story about a free-love colony hidden in the Wasatch Mountains. A young mom discovers the colony and has to fight to save her children.
Cami: Thank you, Deirdra for interviewing me on your blog and thank you to the readers for taking the time to read this interview. I know everyone is crazy busy these days and it means a lot when someone invests time in finding out about a new author. I wish you all much happiness and success in achieving your dreams.
Great interview. I enjoyed Cami's responses, especially about physical fitness and writers!


text:
Franklin Middleton Jr. (born October 28, 1960) is a former American football running back in the National Football League who played for the Indianapolis Colts and San Diego Chargers. He played college football for the Florida A&M Rattlers.

References

1960 births
Living people
American football running backs
Seattle Seahawks players
Indianapolis Colts players
San Diego Chargers players
Florida A&M Rattlers football players


The all-state voting process is underway for girls lacrosse, girls soccer and baseball. Ballots for each sport were emailed to every head coach through MaxPreps' messaging system.
If coaches did not receive a ballot, they should email rcasey@chsaa.org immediately. Voting is only open to head coaches, and each head coach is only permitted to vote once. Any subsequent votes are automatically filtered out.
Leagues nominate players to the all-state ballot via their all-league teams. Each first-team all-league player is placed on the ballot.
The ballot is checked by coaches to ensure all eligible players are on the ballot.
The ballot is then mailed to coaches for a voting period.
The votes are tallied, and the players who receive the most votes are put on the first team, the players with the next-most votes are second team, and so on.
A separate vote is held for player and coach of the year.


EllenJay Stylish Events & Sweets wanted their new office in midtown Mobile to have contemporary style, a simple design and clean aesthetics. After consulting with owners, Lauren and Jennifer, we knew that Knoll would be the route to take.
With space being limited, our team selected Knoll Caliber and Knoll Antenna in all white with a pop of color. We also chose to include poofs from National Furniture to allow for extra seating options during client consultations. Providing adequate storage space was priority, so we customized the measurements based off the supplies that would be stored in the space.


text: Rails.application.config.session_store :cookie_store, key: '_walkers_session'


text:
The 2011–12 Oman Elite League (known as the Omantel Elite League for sponsorship reasons) was the 36th edition of the top football league in Oman. It began on 25 September 2011 and was scheduled to finish on 19 May 2012, but for the first time in the history of Omani League, the league title had to be decided by a playoff. Al-Suwaiq Club were the defending champions, having won the previous 2010–11 Elite League season. On Monday, 21 May 2012, Fanja SC won the Championship Final match against Al-Shabab Club 7–6 on penalties after the match had ended 3–3 after extra time and emerged as the champions of the 2011–12 Oman Elite League.

Teams
This season the league had 12 teams. Saham SC and Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. were relegated to the Second Division League after finishing in the relegation zone in the 2010–11 season. Muscat Club were also relegated after losing the relegation/promotion playoff against Fanja SC. The winner qualified for 2013 AFC Cup. The three relegated teams were replaced by Second Division League winners Fanja SC (Group A) and Sur SC (Group B) and runners-up Al-Musannah SC (Group B).

Stadia and locations

League table

Results

Championship play-off

Promotion/relegation play-off

1st leg

2nd leg

Al Seeb secured promotion after winning 4:3 on aggregate
In the 2012–13 season the league had increased from 12 to 14 teams. As a result, despite losing the relegation play-off to Al-Seeb Club, Al-Hilal SC retained their place in the top division and Al-Musannah SC, whose 11th-place finish would have seen them relegated also retained their place in the top division.

Season statistics

Top scorers

Media coverage

See also
2011 Sultan Qaboos Cup
2011–12 Oman First Division League

References

Top level Omani football league seasons
1
Oman


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This is a bit of an adult cocktail but it is delicious. It is festive in colour and in feel. Instead of having to mix individual cocktails, this cocktail makes a pitcher, perfect for any festive occasion.
Recipe from Bon Appétit is below the cut – happy drinking.
Combine rum, Campari, and vermouth in a large pitcher; chill until very cold, at least 2 hours and up to 1 day.
For each cocktail, pour 2 oz. rum mixture into a Collins glass filled with ice and top off with 2–3 oz. chilled sparkling wine. Garnish with an orange twist, if desired.
This entry was posted in Cooking, Uncategorized and tagged Christmas, Christmas 2013, cocktails, pitcher by Audrey. Bookmark the permalink.


Planting kisses on your nose.
Giving your heart a hug.
Thats lovely and made me cry!!
Hope you are doing ok, Ive just been reading through the posts and read about your loss, Im so sorry!!!
I was on the cbfm thread you started a couple of months ago, I unfortunately had a miscarriage too 6 weeks ago, so hard isnt it??
That really is lovely and made me cry too! Thank you.
Also I just wanted to say how sorry I am that you've had such a sh!t time. Having only had the one mc, I know how much it hurts and can't imagione having to go through it again. It has given me a much greater respect for my grandmother - she had trouble carrying babies and had 10 miscarriages in all. Can't begin to imagine what she went through. However, she also had three healthy children - my mum and my two uncles, so it wasn't all misery.
Yeah it made me cry too!
Sorry JoB81, I missed your post ) Thanks for your thoughts and support, it really means a lot.
O Rainbow that is so lovely, I'm in tears reading it.
Thank you for being so brave to share that it's beautiful. Ive been staying away for the last couple days cause finding things hard, I hope your coping as well as you can sweetie.
I'm ok, have my down moments but struggle through them!!
No luck for me last month but I got my 1st peak today for this month so doing all we can, DH is exhausted!!
Hope to be seeing all of our BFP posts very soon!


Throughout my career I have encountered numerous occasions where customers are unaware that their existing 'solid' timber furniture they had invested in, was in fact solid timber in places, and for the most part veneer.
Veneer is a thin slice of wood, which typically is thinner than 1mm. This is glued onto panels - which are normally made from medium density fibreboard (MDF), giving the impression of solid timber, but it does not offer the life span, full depth of colour, hard wearing ability, or recycling and upscaling future possibilities.
One example which stands out for me, was in the replacing of kitchen cabinetry an owner thought were solid rimu cupboards. She thought I would be able to recycle the rimu to create a unique piece of furniture. But on inspection of the cupboards it was clear to me, that she in fact had veneer cupboards and very little solid rimu throughout the kitchen.
Well there is. It involves splitting timber to around 5-6 mm and laminating it onto plywood. Ply itself is solid timber, hard wearing and also has the same stability advantages of MDF. As the timber laminations are 5-6 mm in thickness, they are able to be reworked and hold the beautiful depth of colour that timber has to offer. When processed correctly a very good product is on offer here.
The use of pre fabricated veneer is common in kitchen cabinetry. It is easily sourced and turns up sanded and ready to cut, saving time and labour. In a competitive market this reflects a cheaper quote and overall final coast to the client. I just hope they know exactly what they are getting.
I am very proud of the traditional furniture making methods that I use, which means I personally avoid combining outsourced veneer in my solid timber furniture, as I strive to produce timber furniture that I know will last.


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The Digest: No. 12, December 2008
Happiness Is More Evenly Distributed Among Americans
Between 1972 and 2006, two-thirds of the black-white happiness gap disappeared, and the male-female gap vanished entirely.
Despite robust economic growth over the past three decades, Americans do not report being any happier today than they were thirty years ago. Yet in Happiness Inequality in the United States (NBER Working Paper No. 14220), Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers find that happiness is more evenly distributed among Americans -- in other words, the happiness gap has narrowed. Examining data for 1972 to 2006, Stevenson and Wolfers find that two-thirds of the black-white happiness gap has disappeared, and the male-female gap has vanished entirely -- and may have even reversed. However, paralleling changes in the income distribution, differences in happiness by education have widened substantially.
Stevenson and Wolfers analyze data from the General Social Survey, which was administered annually until 1994 to a nationally representative sample of about 1,500 respondents and continues biannually with samples of about 3,000 respondents. The survey asks: "Taken all together, how would you say things are these days-would you say that you are very happy, happy, or not too happy?" Examining the data decade by decade, the authors show that the decline in happiness inequality occurred during the 1970s and the 1980s with fewer people reporting that they were "not too happy" and a counterbalancing decline in the percent of people reporting that they were "very happy."
The decline in happiness inequality ceased, and around one third of it was undone, in the 1990s and the first half of the 2000s as happiness inequality rose during the period.
In contrast, income inequality rose sharply in the 1980s throughout the income distribution, with further growth occurring at the top of the income distribution in the 1990s and 2000s. The broad changes in happiness inequality are not consistent with the observed changes in income inequality, but Stevenson and Wolfers show that change in the distribution of happiness across educational groups is consistent with observed patterns of wage inequality. Happiness has risen among college graduates, fallen among those with some college, and fallen even more sharply among those with a high school degree or less.
The authors decompose the decrease in happiness inequality into the proportion that was driven by a fall in inequality within groups versus that stemming from changes in inequality between groups. This decomposition reveals that much of the decline in happiness inequality occurred within demographic groups and, as such, is not explained by the differences in happiness stemming from observable characteristics such as age, education, race, gender, or marital status.
However, the authors do highlight some important changes in the distribution of happiness between demographic groups. Perhaps most striking is the fact that the gap in average happiness between whites and non-whites has largely been eroded as happiness has risen among non-whites and fallen slightly for whites. Whites, however, remain happier on average than non-whites, a fact that is largely explained by their higher educational attainment. Turning to gender, the authors show that gender inequality in happiness has decreased. Looking at men and women separately, the authors also show that happiness inequality for both men and women narrowed in the 1980s and 1990s, then widened in the 2000s. Finally, the authors show that happiness inequality across age groups has narrowed over time. The average happiness of prime age and older Americans has fallen over time, while the average happiness of the young has stayed the same. Because average happiness typically rises with age, these patterns have meant a reduction in inequality between age groups. The authors note too that the dispersion of happiness also increases with age, with greater differences in happiness among older Americans. These patterns parallel the variance in both income and consumption by age. However, these differences in happiness have narrowed over the past 35 years.
NBER Today
Measuring the Effects of Healthcare Systems
College Vaccine Mandates Reduced Local COVID Infections and Deaths
What Accounts for the Proliferation of Billion Dollar Startups?
Happiness Inequality in the United States
Also in this issue:
Gold Standard Does Not Always Bring Credibility
The Causes of Rising Income Inequality
Understanding Fertility within Developed Nations
Climate Change and Economic Growth over The Last Half Century
Gasoline Prices Affect Fuel Economy
NBER periodicals and newsletters are not copyrighted and may be reproduced freely with appropriate attribution.


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Żleb pod Kogutkami – niewielka dolina reglowa w Tatrach Zachodnich, wcięta w północne zbocza Krokwi (1378 m n.p.m.). Otoczona jest przez grzbiety odchodzące z rozwidlającego się północno-zachodniego ramienia Krokwi. Wylot znajduje się na wysokości 920 m, pomiędzy kompleksem skoczni narciarskich Średniej Krokwi a Wielką Krokwią. Od strony zachodniej żleb sąsiaduje z Doliną Białego, od wschodu z Doliną nad Capkami. Żleb wznosi się w kierunku południowym (z lekkim odchyleniem na zachód), ma długość około 700 metrów i jest w całości zalesiony. Nie prowadzą nim żadne szlaki turystyczne.

Podłożem geologicznym Żlebu pod Kogutkami są w większej części wapienie dolomityczne, przy wylocie natomiast eoceńskie wapienie numulitowe. Zbocza są w większości strome, a dno bez cieku wodnego. W grzbiecie ograniczającym dolinkę od wschodu wznosi się grupa skał zwana Jastrzębią Turnią (1090 m), w grzbiecie zachodnim natomiast Kogutki (1009 m), od których pochodzi nazwa żlebu.

Bibliografia

Żleby Tatr Zachodnich
Żleby polskich Tatr


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Jan Chrzciciel Henryk Witold Wołodkowicz (, 17 September 1765 – 6 August 1825 or 20 August 1836) was a Lithuanian nobleman from the Wołodkowicz family of the Radwan coat of arms. Initially, he served as cavalry captain in the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army from 1789 to 1794. Joining the French Revolutionary Army in 1796, he rose to the rank of general, which he kept in the Grande Armée. He was also one of Napoleon's Aide-de-camp.

Early life
Jan Wołodkowicz was born in  in the Naugardukas Voivodeship. He was the son of Minsk's Stalininkas  (born in 1730) and Regina née Broniec. Following the family's tradition, Jan assumed the land judge's office in Minsk in February 1789 or around 1790 as the Lithuanian chamberlain.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania
During the Great Sejm, in October 1788, the combined size of the Polish and Lithuanian armies was increased to 100,000. This increase included the target numbers of 10,650 for Lithuanian cavalry. The expansion of the military's size meant that the nobility's sons had a greater chance of a military career, and thus Wołodkowicz also decided to pursue this career. On 3 March 1789, he received a captain's commission in the 4th Banner of the 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade. For unknown reasons, he left it around mid-September 1791, but the following year in the War of 1792, he was again among the brigade's captains. However, it is unknown and doubtful if he partook in the Battle of Mir.

Thanks to this marriage with Anna Małgorzata Fergusson-Tepper, a wealthy Warsaw banker's daughter, on 29 June 1792, he increased his fortune to 150,000 Polish złoty. On 21 November 1793, he was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus by Stanisław August Poniatowski, but as the king had by then had joined the Targowica Confederation, this award was a dubious honor at that time.

Regardless, Wołodkowicz joined the ranks of the rebels in the Kościuszko Uprising. At the turn of May and June, being trusted by the Lithuanian insurrectional authorities, still with a captain's rank in the 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade, he carried out reconnaissance on the strategically important Vilnius-Minskas route, mainly in the vicinity of Ašmena. He led a regular cavalry unit of about 100 cavalrymen, at the head of which (or a patrol separated from it) he skirmished with a Cossack unit from General Bennigsen's group. The clash ended with a small success for the Russians, with minimal Lithuanian losses.

French Revolutionary Wars
In 1796, Jan Henryk Wołodkowicz joined the French Revolutionary Army. From then on to 1801, he served in the Army of Italy. In 1799 and 1800, he served as a cavalry Général de brigade, serving as commander of the Army of Italy's cavalry's left wing. On 9 August 1801, at 36 years of age, he was made a reformed officer. He was a radical republican and distrustful of Napoleon.

Napoleonic Wars
On 23 September 1806, as Général de brigade, he began organizing the 2nd Legion of the North at Nuremberg. Jan Henryk Wołodkowicz fought in the Prussian and Polish campaigns of the War of the Fourth Coalition. On 27 September 1807, he was transferred to serve the Grand Duchy of Warsaw by order of the Emperor, but after Wołodkowicz's complaints, the order was rescinded.

In 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition, he was a general of the French Army.

On the 1st of July 1812, he was made Governor of Minsk with the rank of Maréchal granted by Napoléon. Member of Grande Armée during Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, he was taken prisoner and deported to Siberia by the Russians during the battle of Smolensk in 1812, in which his eldest son Joseph got killed. He spent the years from 1812 to 1814 or 1815 in Russian captivity. He was the last Général of the Grande Armée to be released.

After 1815
After being released in 1815 he spent the rest of his life fighting legal battles in St. Petersburg, to regain his confiscated and usurped estates in Poland and Belarus. The lawsuit only ended in 1903 without success due to the implication of high ranking members of the Russian nobility who embezzled facts in front of the Tsar. The Tsar perceived the request because of the defamation as a favour instead of a legitimate request, which is the reason why he rejected it. Instead Nicholas II confirmed the old princely title and allowed the inheriting of it through the female descendants of Prince Henry. A last attempt to reclaim his ancestral holdings was made by prince Armand, one of Henry's great-grandsons, in 1920 after the formation of Poland, with the help of several Polish generals and the Radziwiłł family, but this project did not bear fruits because of the instability following the Polish-Soviet War.

Arc de Triomphe
According to some, his name is carved on the west pillar of the Arc de Triomphe as "Henry", his surname given by Napoleon. The Wolodkowicz family tried three times to correct the name to Wolodkowicz, in 1840, in 1928 with the backing of the Polish embassy and 1980. The French government always replied that they can not alter a historic monument. Others argue it is the name of a French colonel Claude François Henry who died in 1812 in Spain during the siege of Valencia.

Private life
He first married Anna Isabel Tepper de Ferguson, daughter of the banker Ludwig-Wilhelm Tepper de Ferguson. They had one child Joseph (officer in the French army and knight of the Légion d'honneur) and divorced in 1804. In 1805 he married Marie Thérèse Lasserey, daughter of Jacques Ambroise Lasserey. They also had one child, Prince Alexander Henryk, French Henri Alexandre (Knight of the Légion d'honneur). Henry got granted the title of count by Napoleon I.

References

Sources

External links
Andrzej Malejka, Wołodkowicz Jan Chrzciciel Henryk (1765-1825) (pol.)
Henry, Claude François (fr.)

1765 births
1825 deaths
18th-century Lithuanian nobility
19th-century Lithuanian nobility
18th-century Polish nobility
19th-century Polish nobility
18th-century Polish–Lithuanian military personnel
19th-century Polish military personnel
Lithuanian generals in other armies
Polish generals in other armies


On Thursday 20th September, our Grade 6 students are off to Wonthaggi Secondary College to participate in the transition program called Fantastic Racers. Our students have been working on their cars here at school and are looking forward to the day.
Wonthaggi North Primary School permits parents/carers, students and invited guests to photograph, film or record school performances, sporting events and other school-approved activities.
Wonthaggi North Primary School requests that parents/carers, students and invited guests who photograph, film or record school activities only do so for their own personal use and do not publish the images in any form, including on social media, without the prior consent of persons whose children also appear in the images.
Neither the school nor the Department own or control any images of students taken by parents/carers, students or their invited guests at school activities.
This 7 week program gets underway on the second Thursday back next term (Thursday 18th October). All forms and payment for this program are due to be returned to the school by Friday 21st September. We strongly encourage everyone to participate in this program so please ensure these notes are returned. Your assistance with this is greatly appreciated.
Friday, 21st September is the last day of term 3. Lunch will be held earlier, with eating time between 1:30 – 1:40pm. Students will then be outside until 2:10pm. Students will be dismissed at 2:25pm from their classrooms. School will then resume for term 4 on Monday 8th October.
As part of the Year 6 Orientation program all students will be participating in The Fantastic Racer Clinic to be held at the Dudley Campus, Wonthaggi Secondary College. The students are going to build a model car so they can take part in the activities. The cost will be $16.00 for a kit. Please return payment and permission by Thursday 20th September.
Swimming/water familiarisation is a very important component of our physical education program. Commencing Thursday October 18th, students in Grades Prep to Two will begin a seven week swimming program at the Wonthaggi Aquatic Centre. Swimming is invoiced separately to your booklist charges. The cost for swimming for 2018 is $64 per child. The 2018 swimming charges must be finalised prior to children taking part in swimming. To enable your child to participate, please return the signed permission form and payment by the end of this term, Friday September 21st, 2018.


Eating a rainbow of colors isn't just fun. Different colored fruits and vegetables contain different nutrients, so eating a little of each color each day can help ensure you're getting the right essential vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals (plant chemicals that help fight and prevent disease) in your diet.
Rainbow chard: Why not start with the vegetable that has "rainbow" in its name? Rainbow chard is a leafy green with colorful stalks and is packed full of nutrients like vitamins C and K, potassium and iron. It makes a great substitution for spinach or kale in any recipe.
Rhubarb: This unique vegetable is only in season for a short time in spring, so get it while you can. Rhubarb is a good source of magnesium, fiber, vitamins C and K, calcium, potassium and manganese. Just be sure to steer clear of the leaves themselves, as they are high in toxic oxalic acid.
Arugula: A member of the cabbage family, arugula is a leafy green with a bitter, peppery flavor and is delicious in both hot dishes like soups or on pizza, or tossed in a fresh salad. Just a half cup of arugula leaves is packed with plenty nutrients, including folate, vitamins A, C, K and the antioxidant lutein, which helps keep your eyes, skin and heart healthy.
Asparagus: Perfect for grilling or roasting, asparagus is high in fiber and a good source of iron, B vitamins and vitamin C. While you can find asparagus year-round, you'll get the freshest (and most affordable) green spears from March through June.
Peas: A variety of fresh peas, including sugar snap peas, snow peas and green peas, are at their peak April through July. These legumes are high in fiber and make a good source of plant protein. Depending on the variety you choose, you'll also get a dose of B vitamins, zinc and vitamin C. Toss some peas in your salad or serve as a side dish.
Radishes: This root vegetable is full of flavor with very few calories. One cup of sliced red radishes contains 30 percent of your daily vitamin C and just 25 calories. Look for radishes that are rich in color, and don't skip out on the green tops, which add a delicious peppery taste to salads or cooked dishes.
Put a spring twist on dinner with this recipe for grilled pork chops with rhubarb chutney.
To prepare chutney, combine first four ingredients in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat. Add rhubarb, cranberries, green onions, salt and red pepper; reduce heat and simmer 5 minutes or until rhubarb is tender. Spoon into a bowl; cover and chill at least 2 hours. Discard cinnamon stick.
To prepare pork, combine jelly and mustard in a small bowl; set aside. Combine 1/2 teaspoon salt, black pepper, and cumin; rub evenly over pork. Place pork on a grill rack coated with cooking spray; grill 4 minutes on each side or until desired degree of doneness, basting occasionally with jelly mixture. Serve pork with chutney; sprinkle with green onions (optional).


It delivers style and power in a single package! All of the premium features expected of a Jaguar are offered, including: rain sensing wipers, lane departure warning, and seat memory. Jaguar made sure to keep road-handling and sportiness at the top of it's priority list. Under the hood you'll find an 8 cylinder engine with more than 400 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. All wheel drive maintains traction at all four corners.


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What is OSHA's Record-Keeping Standard for Employee Exposure?
When many people first think of the phrase "OSHA record-keeping," they may often first think of the log of occupational injuries and illnesses that are required under OSHA's 29 CFR104 rule. However, the agency has another record-keeping standard as well. This guideline does not involve the collection of statistical data, as 29 CFR requires. Instead, this rule is much more literal and requires actually retaining and storing certain records, sometimes for as long as 30 years. Below, our Baton Rouge workers' compensation lawyer explains more.
What is "Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records?"
29 CFR 1910.1020 is often considered a companion standard to OSHA's hazard communication rule. The hazard communication rule states that when an employee is going to be exposed to hazards, such as chemicals, they must be informed of the danger and take certain precautions when they work with the danger. The "Access to Exposure and Medical Records" rule, however, allows an employee to review their level of exposure to the danger, as well as any medical records that may provide information about whether their health was impacted by the level of exposure.
While hazard communication only addresses chemical hazards, the access rule is different. The access rule also addresses other dangers too, such as viruses and fungi, bacteria, and physical dangers like vibration or radiation. OSHA's table found at 1910.1000 lists hundreds of potentially dangerous substances that include vegetable oil mist and carbon dioxide.
How Long Must Records Be Kept?
There are certain dangers that will create an exposure record. These include temperature extremes, vibration, noise, and particulate matter. Once an exposure record is created, it must be retained for 30 years. Not all elements will create an exposure record. For example, a normal temperature reading in an office would not create an exposure record.
OSHA has clarified that an exposure record should identify and describe the level of exposure to a harmful physical agent or a toxic substance. For example, HVAC systems often have to be tested for an air quality evaluation. If the results of that testing show that the system contains non-toxic bacteria not harmful to workers, an employee exposure record would not be created.
Known Hazards
If an employer tests for any substance that has known negative effects on a person's health, it is considered an employee exposure record by the OSHA. Even when the level of a hazardous substance is below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) or action level, an employee exposure record must still be kept. This is because the purpose of a record is not to show that levels of dangerous substances are high. The purpose is merely to show that occupational exposure exists.
Still, if exposure is below a certain level, employers are typically not required to continue monitoring the dangerous substance. In most cases, monitoring does not need to continue unless there is a work practice or process that could increase the level of exposure for workers. On the other hand, when an exposure exists and it is below the PEL, but above the action level, an employer must typically continue periodic monitoring. Any monitoring then becomes an exposure record.
When an employer can show that a harmful substance is not handled, used, generated, stored, or present in the workplace in any way that differs from other non-occupational situations.
Retention Requirements
The record-keeping requirement does not outline any specific manner, form, or process an employer must use to preserve the record. The only requirement is that the information within the record must be preserved so it can be retrieved in the future. The only exception to this is chest X-ray films, which must be preserved in their original state.
Lastly, OSHA has also stated that employee questionnaires are not considered exposure records. This is because questionnaires do not usually indicate exposures. However, if a questionnaire addresses medical information, they are considered employee medical records under the same record-keeping requirement. For example, under the respiratory protection standard, the employee questionnaire is not an exposure record but, instead, a medical record.
Our Workers' Compensation Lawyer in Baton Rouge Can Keep You in Compliance
At Big River Trial Attorneys, our Baton Rouge workers' compensation lawyer can make sure your company is in compliance with OSHA's record-keeping requirement so you, your employees, and your business are not negatively impacted. To learn more about this requirement and how to comply with it, fill out our online form to schedule a consultation.
Tags: baton rouge accident attorney baton rouge accident lawyer baton rouge injury attorney baton rouge injury lawyer Baton Rouge Personal Injury Attorney chemical exposure industrial accident attorney industrial accident lawyer Louisiana Workers' Comp Attorneys osha violation toxic exposure


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Sunrise and sunset times in Rippingale
Check out today's and tomorrow's sunrise and sunset times in Rippingale, England, United Kingdom, as well as the whole calendar for February 2023.
Sunset in Rippingale, England was 2 hours, 7 minutes ago
Tomorrow will be 3 minutes longer than today in Rippingale
Rippingale,
February 2023 - Rippingale, England - Sunrise and sunset calendar
Sunrise and sunset times, civil twilight start and end times as well as solar noon, and day length for every day of February in Rippingale.
In Rippingale, England, the first day of February is 9 hours, 5 minutes long. The last day of the month is 10 hours, 49 minutes, so the length of the days gets 1 hour, 44 minutes longer in February 2023.
Year distribution of sunrise and sunset times in Rippingale, England - 2023
The following graph shows sunrise and sunset times in Rippingale for every day of the year. There are two jumps in the graph that represent the hour change for Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Rippingale, England.
Alwinton
Heanor
Hopton
Billington
Markfield
Gunton
Wester Urray


Parish festivals are great time for lots of family fun in a safe environment. The Order of Lepanto can came out and setup a booth with Renaissance style games, or offer a "Children's School of Sword" where we teach simple sword techniques using foam swords with NO contact. The class is sprinkled with Catholic lessons and history in order to have fun while reinforcing our Catholic identity.
If you are interested, please fill out our Contact Form.


February showed some strong yet level home price appreciation, and according to a recent report, lower priced homes have seen some of the strongest growth.
What does an increase in home sales say about investment possibilities in Opportunity Zones? Here's what a report revealed.
How are home prices and appreciation shaping up in the early months of 2019? Click through for insights about where the market has been and where it's headed next.


The University of Hawaii at Hilo continues to build on its steady climb in fall enrollment that began in 1998. Preliminary figures released by the University of Hawai`i System for Fall 2008 show UH Hilo's student population grew by 178 students to 3,786, or 4.9 percent over the previous year.
Part of this year's increase can be attributed to the College of Pharmacy (CoP), which seated its second class of 90 students. The College will continue to produce net gains by admitting two more classes of approximately 90 students before awarding its first Doctorate of Pharmacy degrees in 2011.
Another contributing factor was an increase in freshman admissions. First-time freshman applications this fall totaled 2,043, or 14 percent more than the 1,785 received last year. The University accepted 1,139 or 13 percent more than Fall 2007, with 548 or 8 percent more enrolling than the 508 who did so a year ago.
Much of the additional freshman class can be attributed to an increase in applications and acceptances on behalf of Hawai`i residents, under the University's resident-focused recruitment plan. Overall, UH Hilo attracted 2,590 students from Hawai`i, or 278 more than last year. Resident students now make up over 68 percent of the entire student body, compared to just under 65 percent in Fall 2007.
The increase in students from Hawai`i is reflected in the continuing growth in students of Native Hawaiian ancestry. This fall saw the number of Native Hawaiian students increase by 99 to 826, or 21.8 percent of the overall student population.
As the percentage of resident students has gone up, the number of non-resident students has inversely demonstrated an intended gradual decline. The number of students from outside Hawai`i now totals 1,196, or 31.6 percent of the overall total, compared to 35 percent a year ago.
UH Hilo also earned a top System honor by posting the highest student – semester credit hour average. UH Hilo students are averaging 12.73 credits compared to 11.38 at UH Manoa.
Dr. Luoluo Hong, vice chancellor for student affairs, believes UH Hilo has succeeded in establishing a "feng shui" approach to growth, one that balances the needs of students in the State with the limitations of the existing staff, facility and fiscal resources available at UH Hilo. She says that this steady but moderate climb to UH Hilo's targeted enrollment of 5,000 will benefit students in the long run.


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Erioptera fusculenta är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Edwards 1938. Erioptera fusculenta ingår i släktet Erioptera och familjen småharkrankar. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Småharkrankar
fusculenta