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Ice Cube takes his new crew, Da Lench Mob to New York and records his solo debut with production from The Bomb Squad, Public Enemy's team of producers. The album, "AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted," is praised by the hip-hop community as a classic and sets Cube on the road to solo superstardom.
Yet another addition to the (ever-growing) Native Tongues family, Queens-based A Tribe Called Quest release their debut album, "People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm." Building on the template established by the Jungle Brothers, Queen Latifah, and, most notably, De La Soul; the group is praised for it's intelligently quirky lyrics and inventive musical style.
M.C. Hammer continues his pop-rap reign with his two Grammy nominations, a new Saturday morning cartoon, and an action figure. Despite all of his commercial success; there is a growing backlash against his image and music among rap fans and artists.
Salt-N-Pepa release their third album, "Blacks Magic." The album receives the strongest reviews of their career; with the single 'Let's Talk About Sex' being especially praised for it's honest and thoughtful look at relationships and promiscuity.
After shooting his cousin and leading polilce on a high-speed chase, Slick Rick is captured and taken to prison. Def Jam head Russell Simmons bails Rick out in time to finish his second album, "The Ruler's Back," but Rick is eventually sentenced to five years in prison on charges of attempted murder.
Will Smith aka The Fresh Prince is tapped to star in a new sitcom, dubbed "The Fresh Prince of Bel Air."
Oakland-based alternative rap group Digital Underground release their debut album, "Sex Packets." It's second single, 'The Humpty Dance,' becomes a platinum hit thanks to it's catchy chorus and over-the-top title character, Humpty Hump.
Run DMC release their fifth album, "Back From Hell." It barely goes gold with no notable hit singles. The group takes a break from recording.
After an Atlanta-based DJ plays the song 'Ice, Ice Baby' by accident; the track becomes a hit for Miami-based White rapper Vanilla Ice. Though Ice is derided as a fake, his debut album, "To The Extreme" goes on to sell over seven million copies.
Popular rapper Heavy D. convinces Andre Harrell, the president of Uptown Records (Heavy D's label), to take on a young college student/dancer named Sean Combs as an intern.
Gilbert O'Sullivan successfully sues comedic rapper Biz Markie; claiming that Biz's single, 'Alone Again,' uses a sample of O'Sullivan's song 'Alone Again (Naturally),' without consent. The lawsuit signals a turning point in hip-hop sampling; as artists can no longer build multi-layered sound collages out of multiple samples for fear of litigation.
Digital Underground follow their excellent debut album with an EP. "This Is An EP Release" has some of their strongest work to date and the hit single, 'Same Song' features a young, lesser-known member of the crew named Tupac Shakur.
Ice Cube stars in the gritty urban drama "Boyz N the Hood" Spotlighting the hard lives of young Black men in South Central Los Angeles, the film becomes a hit and a critical favorite.
Bronx-based underground rapper Tim Dog releases the single 'Fuck Compton,' firing some of the first verbal shots in a simmering feud between East Coast and West Coast rappers.
A Tribe Called Quest releases their much-anticipated second album, "The Low End Theory." Praised by critics and fans, the group focuses on a leaner, more jazz-oriented approach and cements their place as the top alternative rap group.
After the success of A Tribe Called Quest's 'Low End Theory,' and De La Soul's sophomore effort, 'De La Soul Is Dead,' alternative rap begins a short two-year period of dominance on the strength of debuts by Digable Planets, Arrested Development, Del the Funkee Homosapien, P.M. Dawn, the Pharcyde, and Gangstarr.
N.W.A. release their second full-length album, the inflammatory and excessively offensive "Efil4zaggin." Discarding the social commentary of their classic debut, the group instead focuses on over-the-top gangsterisms and hedonistic fantasies. Nevertheless, the album debuts at number one on the charts.
Vanilla Ice's film, "Cool As Ice" premieres to poor reviews and even worse box office returns. He is also criticized for fabricating his entire life story in interviews. To add insult to injury; he's also successfully sued by David Bowie and Queen, who claim that he used the bassline from their hit 'Under Pressure,' for his hit, 'Ice Ice Baby.' In only a short ten months, Vanilla Ice's fame has fizzled out.
A video showing four L.A. police officers brutally beating a Black man named Rodney King is played at newstations all over the country. Several rappers contend that this has been happening for years in inner cities and call for change.
M.C. Hammer releases his third proper album, "2 Legit To Quit." Although the title cut is a sizeable hit; the album fails to match the across-the-board success of it's predecessor as the backlash against 'pop-rap' has Hammer losing his (already limited) crediblity among rap fans and the general public.
Dr. Dre; citing a dispute over finances with Eazy-E and Ruthless Records; quits N.W.A. Dre is still under contract to Ruthless; and hires gangster-turned-businessman Marion "Suge" Knight to get him out of his deal with the record label. With Dre departing for a solo career, N.W.A. officially split.
Sean Combs, still only 20 years old, is promoted to A&R at Uptown Records and executive produces hit albums for Father MC and Heavy D.
Alternative rap group Main Source release their debut, the critically acclaimed "Breaking Atoms." While it doesn't sell very well, the group becomes among hip-hop's most respected, and the single, 'Live At the Bar-B-Q' features a memorable verse by a seventeen-year-old Queens rapper named Nas.
2Pac Shakur, former roadie, dancer, and second-string MC for Digital Underground, releases his debut album, "2Pacalypse Now." It immediately incites controversy for it's content; particular lyrics regarding police officers. Vice President Dan Quayle even calls for a ban of the album during his campaign for re-election. Shakur's visibility is also raised by a star-making performance in the gritty urban drama "Juice".
Body Count; Ice-T's new rap-metal band, release their debut album. The song 'Cop Killa' ignites a firestorm of controversy for it's lyrics about killing police officers. After nationwide protests from law enforcement officials, Time-Warner pressures Ice-T to pull the song from the album and eventually sells it's share of Interscope Records, the distributor.
With "Paul's Boutique" obtaining cult-classic status in the years following it's release; the Beastie Boys third album, "Check Your Head," becomes a smash hit, debuting in the Top Ten and returning the Boys to the charts for the first time since their debut album–although with a much different sound.
After producing a successful album for R&B singer Mary J. Blige and remixing several other hits for artist such as Jodeci and Heavy D., Sean "Puffy" Combs is fired from Uptown after a dispute with labelhead Andre Harrell.
Eric B. & Rakim release their fourth album, "Don't Sweat the Technique." The album is critically acclaimed; but the duo split almost immediately after it's release. Eric B. continues to produce for other rappers, (with mixed results), while Rakim, arguably the most celebrated MC in rap up to this point; goes into seclusion.
After the acquittal of the officers accused of beating Rodney King, South Central Los Angeles erupts in violent street riots. After the two-day mayhem, rappers such as Ice-T and Chuck D. of Public Enemy are called upon to provide insight.
Dr. Dre and Suge Knight form a partnership and create Death Row Records. Their first project is a song for the soundtrack to a police drama called "Deep Cover". The song features a young rapper from Long Beach named Snoop Doggy Dogg.
Dr. Dre releases his solo debut, "The Chronic." With it's heavy emphasis on deep rolling bass and funk grooves–it takes hardcore gangsta rap into more accessible, radio-friendly territory and becomes the biggest rap album of the year behind the huge single, "Nuthin' But A 'G' Thang." Dre's new sound–dubbed 'G-Funk'–reinvents the entire West Coast rap scene, and signals the beginning of a West Coast-dominated rap charts.
KRS-One, deciding on a change of approach, officially 'retires' the name Boogie Down Productions; subsequently releasing albums only as KRS-One.
A loose collective of Staten Island MCs calling themselves the Wu-Tang Clan release their first single, 'Protect Ya Neck.' It becomes an underground hit, making anticipation for the nine-man crew's debut album extremely high.
2Pac releases his second album, "Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z." Almost as inflammatory as his debut, it also showcases a sensitive, thoughtful side to the rapper. The single, "Keep Ya Head Up" is especially praised as a love letter to Black women, and becomes his biggest hit to date.
Run DMC make an unexpected return to the charts with their acclaimed comeback album, "Down With the King."
Sean "Puffy" Combs begins running his own label, called Bad Boy Entertainment, out of his apartment. The company grows rapidly, and Combs soon signs two up-and-coming MCs, former EPMD roadie Craig Mack and a former drug dealer from Brooklyn named Christopher Wallace aka Notorious B.I.G.
Dr. Dre protege Snoop Doggy Dogg releases his highly-anticipated solo debut, "DoggyStyle" for Death Row Records. The album is a monstrous hit, becoming the first debut album to enter the Billboard chart at #1. Unfortunately, Snoop is implicated in the shooting death of a Long Beach man and is charged with second-degree murder. Surprisingly, this does nothing to slow his skyrocketing popularity.
Wu-Tang Clan's debut album, "Enter the Wu-Tang: 36 Chambers," is released to critical acclaim but moderate sales. After the single, 'C.R.E.A.M.' is released, the album begins a steady climb up the charts; beginning a new age for hardcore, gritty East Coast hip-hop.
2Pac is arrested on charges of assault and battery after he attacks director Allen Hughes on the set of the film "Menace II Society".
MC Lyte releases her first hardcore rap album in four years (after a brief foray into more pop-friendly territory.) Her hit single, 'Ruffneck,' becomes the first rap single by a female artist to go gold and is nominated for a Grammy.
Craig Mack releases, "Funk Da World;" the first album to be released by fledgling Bad Boy Entertainment. It eventually goes gold.
Continuing their string of brilliant albums, 'A Tribe Called Quest' releases "Midnight Marauders," which spawns their biggest hit to date, the infectious single 'Award Tour.'
2Pac is charged in the shooting of two off-duty police officers in Atlanta, GA. The charges would later be dismissed. He also lands a second high-profile film role, starring in John Singleton's urban romance "Poetic Justice". He follows that with yet another starring turn in the basketball drama "Above the Rim".
Queen Latifah releases the uplifting respect anthem, 'U.N.I.T.Y.,' which wins a Grammy; and her third album, "Black Reign," becomes the first gold album for a solo female MC.
C. Deloris Tucker, Dionne Warwick, and several other high-profile moral activists call for a boycott against gangsta-rap artists such as 2Pac, Dr. Dre, and Snoop Doggy Dogg, citing the lyrics of much of their music to be violent and misogynistic.
Salt-N-Pepa release their fourth album, "Very Necessary." It goes on to become the best-selling rap album of all time by a female artist.
After six years and four critically-acclaimed albums, (and jump-starting the career of close friend Redman); EPMD, underground rap's most respected group–announce that they are going their seperate ways.
Arista chief Clive Davis signs Bad Boy Entertainment to a subsidiary/distribution deal. Puffy Combs begins work on the Notorious B.I.G.'s debut album.
Queens rapper Nas finally releases his solo debut, "Illmatic." It instantly becomes one of the most critically-acclaimed rap albums of all time, with Nas' clever wordplay and verbal skill being favorably compared to Rakim's best work.
Snoop Doggy Dogg releases the short film/soundtrack, "Murder Was the Case". With it's graphic storytelling about a man being sentenced for murder uncomfortably close to Snoop's real-life legal woes, many critics blast the rapper for exploiting the unfortunate circumstances.
"southernplayalisticadillacmuzik," the debut album from Atlanta-based rap duo Outkast signals a shift from hip-hop's bi-coastal grip. Loose and funky with clever lyrics and insightful subject-matter, the group becomes a cult favorite among hip-hop enthusiasts.
Adding to a seemingly endless string of legal charges, 2Pac is charged with sexual assault by a female fan in New York City.
Bone Thugs-N-Harmony; a new Cleveland-based rap group discovered by Eazy-E; release an EP called "Creepin' On Ah Come-up." Their sound is a combination of rapid-fire speed-rapping and vocal harmonizing and the single, "Thuggish Ruggish Bone" becomes a moderate hit.
Notorious B.I.G., after cameo appearances on several popular singles, finally releases "Ready to Die," his debut album for Bad Boy. It spawns two hit singles, 'Juicy' and 'Big Poppa;' one hit remix, 'One More Chance', and returns the East Coast to the top of the charts after a two-year absence. It also elevates Puffy Combs' Bad Boy label to the top of hip-hop.
2Pac is shot in what appears to be a robbery outside of a New York recording studio only days after being found guilty of sexual assault. He checks himself out of the hospital and appears in court in a wheelchair for his sentencing. He immediately accuses the Notorious B.I.G. (a former friend), and Puffy Combs for orchestrating the attack. Nonetheless, he begins serving his five-year prison term.
Brooklyn rapper Jay-Z releases the underground single, 'In My Lifetime.' With his clever wordplay and quick delivery, he quickly becomes a word-of-mouth sensation in New York.
Eccentric Wu-Tang Clan member, Ol' Dirty Bastard gains notoriety by picking up food stamps in a limosuine while appearing on MTV. He is promptly arrested.
2Pac releases his third album, "Me Against the World" while still in prison. It's more thoughtful and introspective approach earns him the biggest critical praise of his career and his legend grows among hip-hop fans as he showcases his more tortured and self-conscious side.
At the Source Awards, Suge Knight publicly insults Sean "Puffy" Combs onstage; adding fuel to the ever-growing tensions between the East Coast and West Coast, but particularly his L.A.-based Death Row Records and Combs' New York-based Bad Boy Entertainment.
While filming the video for the song 'New York, New York,' members of the Death Row Records group Tha Dogg Pound are shot at.
Eazy-E, gangsta rap icon and co-founder of N.W.A., announces that he has full-blown AIDS. After only a few days at Cedar-Sinai hospital for treatment, he dies from pneumonia.
Notorious B.I.G. signs his proteges, the Junior M.A.F.I.A. to the small Untertainment Label. Their debut album, "Conspiracy" is a moderate hit and provides a showcase for a young female rapper named Lil Kim.
Will Smith stars in the buddy-cop action film "Bad Boys". It becomes one of the biggest hits of the year.
Chicago-bred female rapper Da Brat releases her debut album, "Funkdafied." It becomes the first album by a solo female rapper to go platinum.
Bad Boy Entertainment's empire continues to grow with platinum-selling R&B albums by Faith Evans and the girl-group Total.
Snoop Doggy Dogg is acquitted of second-degree murder charges.
At the end of the year, Suge Knight bails 2Pac out of prison and immediately signs the embattled rapper to Death Row Records. With Knight's hatred of Sean "Puffy" Combs and 2Pac's belief that the Notorious B.I.G. conspired against him; the conflict between Death Row and Bad Boy Entertainment intensifies.
2Pac releases his fourth album, "All Eyez On Me," hip-hop's first double-disc of all-original material and his first album for Death Row Records. It becomes a hit and raises the rap star's profile even higher.
Underground sensation Jay-Z begins a budding friendship with the Notorious B.I.G. and releases his first two mainstream singles, 'Dead Presidents' and 'Ain't No N*gga.' Both are moderate hits and help build anticipation for his debut album.
Cleveland rappers Bone Thugs-N-Harmony release, 'The Crossroads,' the second single from their critically-acclaimed 1995 album, "E. 1999-Eternal." With it's heartfelt lyrics and funereal production, it becomes a huge hit and is nominated for a Grammy.
Alternative rap group The Fugees release their second album, "The Score." A stirring mix of reggae, rap, and soul; the album is one of the most acclaimed of the year and the group members, (Wyclef Jean, Lauryn Hill, and Pras) are thrust into the national spotlight.
2Pac releases the inflammatory b-side single, 'Hit 'Em Up.' Dissing the Notorious B.I.G. and Bad Boy Entertainment; he also claims to have had sex with B.I.G.'s estranged wife, Bad Boy ingenue Faith Evans.
Nas finally releases "It Was Written," his follow-up to the landmark "Illmatic." With the lyrical focus shifting from street poetry to a glamourized criminal lifestyle; and the production becoming more slick and accessible; he is bashed by hip-hop purists for selling out to a pop audience.
Dr. Dre abruptly announces he's leaving Death Row Records. Declaring that gangsta rap is a 'dead' genre, he goes on to form a new label, Aftermath Entertainment.
Will Smith stars in the action-sci fi flick "Independence Day", raising his profile as an A-list celebrity in Hollywood.
Jay-Z's debut album, "Reasonable Doubt" is released to much praise from critics. Despite all of the accolades, it barely makes a dent on the charts.
After leaving a Mike Tyson fight in Las Vegas, NV; a car carrying Suge Knight and Tupac Shakur is riddled with gunfire. Though Suge only suffers minor injuries, 2Pac–after fighting for his life for seven days in a hospital–dies from his wounds. The hip-hop nation goes into shock and mourning for the fallen rapper.
Southern rap duo Outkast release their second album, "ATLiens." It is critically acclaimed for it's positive outlook, progressive lyrics and a more futuristic production style.
The Notorious B.I.G. is almost killed in a car accident in New Jersey. With his leg partially shattered, he is forced to walk with a cane.
Eminem, a White rapper from Detroit, releases his debut album, "Infinite," on a small indie label. Despite displaying a flair for clever, witty rhymes; the album goes unnoticed by fans and critics.
A Tribe Called Quest release their fourth album, "Beats, Rhymes, & Life." For the first time in their storied career, the trio is bashed for releasing a half-hearted album.
Two debuts by two new female rappers, B.I.G. protege Lil Kim and ingenue Foxy Brown–albums that feature a heavy emphasis on sex and materialism–signal a change in direction for female MCs in hip-hop.
After a year of critical acclaim, The Fugees announce that they are going their seperate ways; citing creative differences. Wyclef Jean almost immediately begins work on his solo debut.
After leaving the Soul Train Music Awards in Los Angeles, the Notorious B.I.G. is shot and killed in a drive-by shooting that eerily resembles what happened to 2Pac six months earlier. With the twin murders of two of it's biggest stars, the hip-hop nation is forced to take stock of itself and what it represents. B.I.G.'s second album, the prophetically titled "Life After Death," is released only a few days after his killing and becomes the best-selling rap album of all time.
Sean Combs, now calling himself 'Puff Daddy' releases two benefit singles as memoriam to the slain Notorious B.I.G.
The Wu-Tang Clan release their second album, the double LP "Wu-Tang Forever." It sells well; but fails to match the critical respect of the group's more acclaimed debut.
Suge Knight is sentenced to four years in prison for parole violation.
After writing and producing hits for MC Lyte and R&B groups Xscape and 702; female rap artist Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott releases her debut album, "Supa Dupa Fly." It is an artistic triumph and she is praised for her wit and quirky musical approach.
Puff Daddy makes his debut as an artist with "No Way Out." Spawning four top ten singles, the album becomes a monster hit and makes Puffy the biggest star on the Bad Boy label in the wake of B.I.G.'s murder.
Snoop Doggy Dogg finally releases his second album, the lackluster "The Doggfather." After the album fails to sell, Snoop announces he is leaving the crumbling Death Row Records.
After starring in his third-straight summer blockbuster, "Men In Black"; Will Smith confirms his status as one of the biggest box-office draws of the 90s. In a somewhat surprising move, he also returns to music, releasing his first solo album, "Big Willie Style." Though lightweight, it becomes one of the best-selling albums of the year.
Ending a five-year period of seclusion that saw his reputation as a lyricist reach near-mythic proportions; Rakim finally makes his return with "The 18th Letter," his solo debut.
After operating in obscurity in the Deep South for almost a decade, New Orleans based rapper-entrepeneur Master P releases "Ghetto D." Derided by critics as an untalented hack; the album nonetheless becomes a hit and opens the floodgates for a wealth of New Orleans gangsta rap to hit the airwaves. Master P, as founder and CEO of the No Limit record label, unexpectedly becomes one of the most powerful men in hip-hop.
Picking up where the Notorious B.I.G. left off (at least commercially), new Bad Boy rapper Ma$e releases his debut album, "Harlem World." It is a smash and confirms Bad Boy's status as the (now undisputed) top label in rap.
Def Jam Records signs Jay-Z and releases popular albums by rappers Redman, Method Man, and Foxy Brown; signalling a return to form for Russell Simmons and rap's longest-running label.
Simmons also signs a newly-reformed EPMD and DMX, an intense MC from Yonkers. Jay-Z releases his second album, "In My Lifetime, Vol. 1." It sells much better than his debut, but critics deride it as a flaky attempt to reach a crossover audience.
Afeni Shakur, mother of the slain 2Pac Shakur; releases "R U Still Down (Remember Me)," a double-album of unreleased material the rapper recorded prior to his death. It is the beginning of a flood of songs, compilations and albums from the deceased rap star's vaults.
DMX makes his debut with "It's Dark and Hell Is Hot" and intensely personal album of hardcore rap and poignant confessionals. It becomes a monster hit and signals a return of gritty, hardcore rap after a year of the more radio-friendly, Bad Boy-influenced party-rap.
Master P's No Limit Records continues to churn out one hit album after the other; even though critics and hip-hop purists scoff at the cheap production and lackluster artists on the label. Seeking to strike while he's hot, P also creates No Limit Films, No Limit Wireless, and his own Percy Miller Clothing Line.
Jay-Z's third album, "Vol. 2: Hard Knock Life," becomes his biggest-seller and restores some of his credibility in hip-hop circles. He immediately is heralded as the biggest rapper in hip-hop.
Lauryn Hill, formerly of the Fugees; releases her solo debut, "The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill." With an emphasis on confessional songwriting and a powerful mix of rap, reggae, gospel, soul and folk, it becomes the most-acclaimed album of the year and thrusts Hill into international stardom.
"Aquemini;" the third outing for Atlanta rappers Outkast; is a startling leap forward for the group. Combining live instruments with thought-provoking and forward-thinking lyrics, as well as meshing hip-hop, country, soul, techno, and funk elements, the album follows Lauryn Hill's debut as one of the most acclaimed albums of the year, though it isn't as successful commercially.
After releasing their fifth album, "The Love Movement," A Tribe Called Quest abruptly announce their breakup. Lead rapper Q-Tip immediately embarks on a solo career.
Seeking a career rebirth, Snoop Dogg signs with Master P's No Limit label and rush-releases two lackluster albums.
With a chain of restaurants, ("Justin's"), a clothing line, ("Sean John"), and a celebrity girlfriend, (Jennifer Lopez), Puff Daddy becomes the most recognized man in hip-hop.
West Coast underground rapper C-Bo goes to jail as a judge claims his violent lyrics are a violation of his probation.
Upstart New Orleans label Cash Money Records signs a 100M distribution deal with Universal and releases albums from Juvenile, Lil Wayne and B.G. confirming the 'Dirty' South as hip-hop's new second coast.
Rap-rock explodes into the mainstream as albums by Limp Bizkit, Korn, and Kid Rock sell huge numbers; confirming the influence of hip-hop in general–(and Run DMC in particular)–on an entire generation.
After appearing on the song '4, 3, 2, 1' with LL Cool J; young up-and-comer Canibus releases '2nd Round K.O.,' a scathing dis of the legendary rapper. LL responds with 'The Ripper's Back.' returning some of the street credibility to his career after a string of MOR-pop hits.
DMX abruptly releases his sophomore album, "Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood." He becomes the first rap artist to have two number one albums in the same year.
Puff Daddy, Russell Simmons, and Master P all appear on Forbes' Top Moneymakers in Entertainment of 1998.
Big Punisher, a Puerto-Rican MC from the Bronx; releases his debut album, "Capital Punishment," and becomes the first Hispanic solo rapper to have a platinum-selling album.
Nas releases his third album, "I Am…," to mixed reviews and mediocre sales; as does it's rushed follow-up "Nastradamus," furthering the Queensbridge rapper's slide into relative obscurity.
With the continuing multiplatinum success of Cash Money Records out of New Orleans; and hit albums by Atlanta-based Ludacris, and the Hypnotized Mindz Camp from Memphis; the South eclipses the now-stagnant West Coast in overall popularity.
Jay-Z, DMX, Redman, and Method embark on the "Hard Knock Life Tour," hip-hop's first successful major tour in more than a decade.
Lauryn Hill's debut album wins five Grammy awards, including Album of the Year; the first hip-hop album to do so.
Now signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, Eminem makes his major label debut with "The Slim Shady LP." The album and debut single, "My Name Is," announce the darkly comical rapper as a star in the rap world. Incidently, the rapper garners both praise for his wit and creativity and derision for the album's misogyny and vulgarity.
Mos Def and Talib Kweli, collectively known as Black Star; release their eponymous debut. With their thoughtful, intelligent lyrics and laid-back approach, the album; along with Mos Def's solo debut, "Black On Both Sides;" ushers in a return of conscious alternative rap.
Slick Rick releases "The Art of Storytelling," his first album since being released from prison two years earlier. It is critically praised as a return-to-form for the MC.
Puff Daddy releases "Forever." It fails to make the success of his debut, and disappears from the charts quickly. To add insult to injury, Ma$e, the biggest star on his Bad Boy label (next to himself, of course); leaves rap music behind to pursue religious ministry.
Eve, a brash young female rapper from DMX's Ruff Ryders posse; releases her debut album "Let There Be Eve…Ruff Ryders First Lady." A hardcore lyricist in the MC Lyte mold; she marks a welcome departure from the money-and-sex obsessed rhymes of most of her female contemporaries.
Underground sensation Big L is shot and killed just blocks away from his home.
After touring successfully for years, Run DMC return to recording after a six-year hiatus. The album, "Crown Royal," is both a critical and commercial disappointment. Featuring little-to-no input from DMC, a bevy of guest stars and spawning only one moderate hit, it throws the future of legendary trio into doubt.
Dr. Dre finally releases a proper follow-up to his 1992 masterpiece, "The Chronic." "2001" is a strong return to form for the producer/rapper, with guest appearances by his new protege, Eminem and a long-awaited reunion with hisold one, Snoop Dogg.
At a New Year's Eve party at club New York, Puff Daddy and his girlfriend, actress/singer Jennifer Lopez get into an altercation with some patrons that turns into a shootout. After fleeing from the scene, they are arrested on charges of aggravated assault.


In Turkey, the state of emergency declared by the Erdogan regime following the coup attempt last year is still in full force under the pretext of "the fight against the coup plotters". Government decrees issued so far have made clear that this "fight" was not limited to the coup plotters, but rather, since Erdogan called it a "god sent opportunity", the state of emergency is being used to realize a counter-coup against the progressive, democratic and revolutionary forces of the country. It is obvious that Erdogan regime wants to normalize the state of emergency or keep it at least until the presidential regime is fully established, as it gives thim freedom from accountability, to legitimise his arbitrary actions.
As European members of the ICMLPO, we demand the annulment of the government decrees issued as part of the state of emergency, which caused the dismissal of five thousand university lecturers and hundreds of thousands of people, the arrest of tens of thousands of people and the closing of dozens of newspapers, journals, TV channels and radio stations. We declare solidarity with the struggles of the democratic forces of Turkey who demand an end to the state of emergency, and engage ourselves in campaigns to achieve this.
The long campaign for the first round of the presidential elections ended with the qualification of E Macron and M Le Pen. Despite the strong injunction to go vote, abstention is 20%. In this figure, there are those who wanted to express their refusal of the system. This is the position that we have defended and implemented.
The gaps between the top four candidates are reduced: they get between 19.5 percent and 24 percent of the vote. This shows the narrowness of the electoral base of the two candidates that remain in the running.
The mass rejection of the representatives of the two parties that have governed for more than forty years, Fillon for the right and Hall for the PS, is one of the highlights of these results. The slap is particularly severe for the PS that has already exploded.
The media favorite, receiving supports for the oligarchy, E Macron, arrived at the top of the first round, in front of M Le Pen, who has the highest electoral score of the far right.
A significant number of voters wanted to translate, through voting for the candidate of France L'insoumise, JL Mélenchon, their opposition to neo-liberal politics and the PS.
This potential of resistance, such as expressed through the vote in favour of P. Poutou or N Artaud, as one who spoke for some in the 'white' vote or abstention, must engage in social struggles that have not ceased. Because the class struggle, at the national and international level, does not bend and doesn't come to the calendar and election dates.
The far right is a map of the oligarchy: map of the division of the labour movement and popular, of racism, of neoliberalism camouflaged under a speech of demagoguery social and nationalist, the politics of war.
Macron, the candidate displayed the oligarchy, the supporter of neoliberalism, of the uberisation of the society of European defence, NATO… is not a rampart on the far-right.
That is why, we refuse to bend to the injunction to the trailer of the Macron candidate and we call for abstention in the second round of the presidential elections.
These presidential elections, based on a customization with excess of political combat, will lead to the designation of the one who will manage the interests of french imperialism.
The urgency is to organize and to fight, to confront, to defend the interests of workers and popular, to combat the neoliberal policy, against the police state and the policy of war that Macron will amplify. To develop solidarity with the peoples struggling for their national and social emancipation.
Against the reaction and the war, for a revolutionary break!
LET'S RAISE THE FLAG OF THE PROLETARIAN INTERNATIONALISM!
Workers, labourers, young people, women and oppressed people of all countries!
The long period of poor economic growth and the increasing political instability bring out more sharply the contradictions that lacerate the capitalistic world.
– The strengthening of the struggle for the markets, the protectionism, the commercial and currency disputes, the emergence of nationalism in the economic politics that embitter the problems among the imperialists and capitalistic countries, especially between USA, EU, China and Russia.
– The intensification of the policy of war, the increase in military expenditure and the arms race. The imperialist powers and financial monopolies, in fierce rivalry between them, advance in the pillaging of resources of dependent countries. The possibility of a new World War is stirring in the Middle East. In Syria these contradictions are manifested clearly, and in the Asia-Pacific regions the imperialist arms stocks are piling up.
– A fierce bourgeois offensive against the working class and the labouring masses, to burden them with the consequences of serious economic difficulties. The capitalists and their governments intensify the exploitation, attack the organisation of the workers, destroy their democratic rights, criminalise social protests and repress fighters of the proletariat.
– The rise of political reaction and authoritarianism, limitations of bourgeois democracy, increasing of corruption in parties of the dominant classes, the drift towards Police States under the pretext of fighting terrorism and, in some countries, the access to power of extreme right and fascists.
– An infamous ideological campaign by the most reactionary sectors of bourgeoisie that spread chauvinism, racism and hate against migrants; religious fanaticism, in order to deceive and divide workers and peoples, and strengthen the dominion of capital.
– The deep crisis of social democracy, social propping of capital, with a great loss of consents, while the populist parties gain the impoverished and disappointed strata with their cynic "social"demagogy and false patriotism.
The bourgeoisie, condemning billions to poverty, hunger and unemployment attempting in this way to delay the inevitable end of its system, imposes neoliberal and reactionary regimes, destroy the environment and prepare new imperialist wars.
But the proletariat and the peoples do not give up, they resist and fight! In the world more and more numerous are the grounds of struggle against capitalistic exploitation,imperialism, its lackeys, its governments and parties. The growth of mass dissatisfaction and resistance against dominant cliques pave the way for new revolutionary waves.
Let's unite and demonstrate on May Day -day of international solidarity of the proletariat – demanding work, health, education, social services, equal wage for equal work, equality of rights for all the workers!
No more unemployment and precariousness! Let's demand the reduction of working hours and of the retirement age! 'No' to war and fascism, take our countries out of the warmongering alliances, away from the power of the advocates of war, let's struggle for peace and freedom for our peoples!
Let's give impetus to the united front of the working class to defend our economic and political interest and to continue the struggle until the demolition of the capitalist exploitation and oppression.
Let's denounce and oppose the policy of class collaboration promoted by the leaders of social democracy and the trade union bureaucracy, let's develop the line of organization and the class struggle to mobilize the masses against capital.
It's necessary to build a broad popular coalition, leaded by the working class; to organize and develop the resistance against the capitalistic offensive, the imperialistic reaction and the politics of war; let's struggle with the perspective to get it over with the exploiters.
It's necessary to unite the antifascist, anti-imperialist and democratic youth to conquer a future radically different from the one that capitalists and their opportunist servants want for us.
Now more than ever we must strengthen and develop internationalist solidarity to struggle incessantly against bourgeoisie governments, to get together, to unite the proletariat and the oppressed masses of all countries in order to knock down the common enemy: imperialism!
On May Day everybody get out on streets with our red flags!
A scandalous electoral fraud is under way to ignore the popular will expressed today at the polls. The CNE, a few minutes ago, officially gave the victory to the candidacy of Lenin Moreno with 51.07% of votes.
We DO NOT RECOGNIZE these results, they are the result of a fraudulent action. It is not possible to proclaim official results with "94% of the ballots counted" but, above all, this scrutiny has been done without transparency: the citizenship has not been able to keep track of that process because they hid the information by disabling their website. Other elements, such as the exit poll of Citizen Participation, were already raised in the previous communiqué.
In addition to not recognizing these results, we must demand that a vote-by-vote count be produced for each of the polls.
We insist on mobilizing all our forces to respect the popular will and to reject fraud.
The founding of the Communist Party of Colombia Marxist-Leninist was the culmination of a process of political differentiation that allowed a significant contingent of principled revolutionaries, in the early 1960s, to draw lines of demarcation with reformism, pacifism and Khrushchevite revisionism, which were dominant in those years as the main lines of political action of the organizations that, at that time, made up the people's camp.
It was a time of great economic, social and political tensions. At that time, in the world, the inter-imperialist confrontation between the US and the so-called Soviet Union resulted in a "Cold War" of great dimensions that was devastating for the life of continents. At the same time, the revolutionary struggles raging in Vietnam,* in the Congo** and in different countries, and the revolutions in China (1949) and Cuba (1959) had a great influence on us. And in 1948, our country was the scene of a tragedy: after the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan on April 9, 1948, the Liberals and Conservatives unleashed a civil war, which they used to try to bury the democratic aspirations of the people. In 1958, they pushed though a referendum by which the two parties would alternate in the government for a period of 12 years, with a strictly equal distribution of public offices, including ministries, institutes, elected bodies and the judicial system.
* The military coup fostered by the U.S. against Ngo Dinh Diem, President of South Vietnam, in 1963, and the massive bombing subsequently ordered by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson against North Vietnam in 1964, were the beginning of a long period of war in that country that lasted until 1975, when the United States was decisively defeated by the anti-imperialist forces and forced to leave the country.
** The world will not forget the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, Prime Minister and independence leader of the Congo, on January 17, 1961, in an action carried out by the CIA and putschist Colonel Joseph Mobutu to further the interests of U.S. multinationals in that country.
This was how the so-called "National Front" was born, that the traditional parties imposed as a strategy: on the one hand, to make the guerrilla forces surrender, forces that had evolved from liberalism to the defense of anti-imperialist ideas, and that were expanding strongly throughout the country, thus endangering the power of the bourgeoisie and landlords. On the other hand, to impose a bipartisan system of government and political control that excluded the constitutional and legal possibility that other political forces would arise or that parties other than the Liberals and Conservatives could take office even if they obtained the majority votes as required by law. The widespread repression, the constant bombardment of the guerrilla zones*, the assassination of trade union, social and political leaders marked a regime of terror that also spared no effort to use the carrot of populism to re-legitimize the ruling classes in the country.
* Also called "Red Zones".
From the economic point of view, this urge to re-legitimize the ruling classes was in clear accordance with a model that called for protecting the prices in the coffee industry from collapse, promoting the export of non-traditional products, especially industrial products, improving productivity, expanding industry, expanding State capital through the construction of infrastructure in roads, energy and public services.
The future of the country, amidst a rather complex economic, political and social reality, as well as the program and role of the various political organizations, were the topics of great controversy that galvanized the revolutionaries of that time. But to be able to move from such debates to transformative political actions necessitated an ideological and political unity and/or identity that could only be built by deepening the ideological struggle and practical commitment.
In the Communist Party of Colombia*, especially since its 5th Congress held in 1947, the target of the ideological struggle included the theses of Browderism, defended first by Augusto Duran**, the leader of the port workers and until then General Secretary of the Party, and then by Mr. Gilberto Vieira White*** who, like his predecessor, did not hesitate to propose a rapprochement and unity with those sectors of the bourgeoisie that they considered democratic and/or progressive, as a condition to advance and defeat the reactionary sectors present in the State and government. That line was initially the perfect excuse invented by these gentlemen to adopt a policy of collaboration with the bourgeois governments of that time, in effect making the Communist Party an appendage of the tactics and strategy of the traditional parties. It is undeniable that they laid bare the true content of the calls for coexistence and cohabitation with the establishment that this organization had promoted since the 1940s.
* In 1979 the party changed its name, coming to be called the Colombian Communist Party.
** Augusto Duran was elected General Secretary at the 3rd Congress of the PCC held in 1938; like Browder he promoted changing the name of the party, calling it the Democratic Socialist Party (PSD). The PSD was characterized by a reformist political line that supported the government policies of that time. So backward was the policy promoted by this political leader that he even opposed the entry of intellectuals into the Party.
*** Gilberto Vieira White was elected General Secretary of the PCC at its 5th Congress in 1947.
It should be noted that the consistent leaders promptly rejected that line of conduct of the leading clique of the Communist Party of Colombia, and maintained the clear idea of transcending and demarcating lines with Browderism, making a great effort to provide the Colombian working class and people with a really Marxist-Leninist organization. This would really confront imperialism and the bourgeoisie, which are truly responsible for the dependence, backwardness, marginalization, poverty and lack of rights existing in the country.
The ideological struggle also targeted the Bernsteinian theses that promoted parliamentarism and electoral participation as the only way to achieve power. Both imperialism and the bourgeoisie knew that these positions, promoted by the agents of revisionism and social democracy internationally, were an immense support for them. In that sense, they did not hesitate to protect and provide advantages to the organizations and leaders who defended those positions, claiming at the same time how anti-historical and counterproductive for democracy and the development of countries are revolutions through violent means. Our history knows of the shameless work that most of the leaders of the CTC* and UTC** developed. Together and in very close collaboration with the various factions of the Liberal and Conservative parties, as well as the Catholic Church, they maintained that evolution by means of trade unionism and peaceful political action were among the most consistent actions to eliminate class privileges and ensure equality among individuals.
* CTC: Federation of Colombian Workers.
** UTC: Union of Workers of Colombia.
To these positions, one must add those of the Declaration of Havana of 1960. The Communist Party of Colombia, a signatory and promoter of that declaration, accepted its positions as a general line on the struggle for world peace, the coexistence between capitalism and the countries of the socialist camp, the peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism and the seizure of power by the parliamentary road. Revolutionaries both inside and outside the party made many criticisms of it, insisting on pointing out the relevance of combining all forms of struggle, the role of violence as the midwife of history, and the leading role of the masses in social change, principles that are broadly expounded by Marxism-Leninism.
The ideological struggle also targeted the internal life and its rules. Matters of great importance did not escape the debates, such as the character of the organizations, the admission requirements, the organizational principles and the role of different organizations. Democratic centralism had been adopted as a principle and backbone of the Communist Party of Colombia since it was founded, in 1930 as a section of the Third International (Comintern). But this had become notoriously only a formal matter in the party, since the latter had become a debating society, deprived of any revolutionary spirit. In many of its documents, "freedom of criticism" was confused with "ideological and political pluralism" and was advocated by those who supported the coexistence of various points of view within the party. In this scenario, we could point out many other aspects of the political discussion of that time, about which it is important to remember many other points of view. Besides the above-mentioned discussion, we cannot ignore the state of the forces of the Communist Party in the late 1950s and early 1960s, which was characterized by its unquestionable anachronism and state of decay.
Motivated by the need to advance in the building of a vanguard organization, cadres and members of different organizations held wide discussions, in which they examined many proposals and projects of important sectors of the working class, the organized workers, peasants, students , intellectuals, youth and women, who were interested in achieving an accurate assessment of the national and international situation, of Colombian society, the State, the mass movement, the revolutionary movement and its perspective. All these aspects were analyzed without forgetting to stress the most important role to be performed by the real revolutionary forces, both at the national and international levels.
The building of the Party was preceded by events that would be crucial to strengthen its ideological and political positions. In 1956, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) held its 20th Congress in Moscow under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, at which fundamental changes were introduced to the policies that were supposed to guide the International Communist Movement. In a period in which imperialism, headed by the United States, rigorously imposed the policy and practices of the Cold War, the leadership of the CPSU decided that, due to advances of the Soviet Union, it was correct to transform the State of the working class into the "State of the whole people" and to convert the Communist Party into a "party of the whole people". In accordance with these changes, peaceful coexistence, peaceful competition and peaceful transition were established as valid, thus invalidating at one stroke the practice of the class struggle. To promote these policies and practices, which were contrary to Marxism-Leninism, the leadership of the CPSU focused its efforts on sullying the contributions and work of Stalin in the building of socialism. For this reason, they accused him of fostering a "cult of personality," trying to discredit him before public opinion. Some important documents of the 20th Congress against Stalin were dealt with in secret, which showed that the leaders of the CPSU intended to renounce the highest interests of the working class and to abandon the path of proletarian revolution.
The conclusions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU caused a huge shock within the International Communist Movement and the Communist Parties; they stimulated debates on issues of great relevance, such as the prospect of the revolution and the role of the communists in the struggle for the achievement of the objectives of the working class. The depth of the contradictions caused an inevitable split, while various parties and leaders of the time waged an unwavering and courageous defense of the principles of scientific theory taught by teachers of the proletariat. As a result of the inevitable demarcation, the foundations for the building of the new International Marxist-Leninist Communist Movement and for the rise of Marxist- Leninist organizations in various countries were laid.
In Colombia, the debate was pushed forward in order to clarify the true nature of the Party, the objective of the revolution and the role that communists must fulfill to realize it. During this period, some of the cadres and members arose who made possible the building of the new Party. Pedro Vasquez Rendon had been a member of the Communist Party since the early 1950s and also a fighter with the guerrillas who were formed to defend themselves from the offensive that the government had unleashed against the people. Incidentally, it was comrade Pedro Vasquez Rendon who gave Pedro Antonio Marin the name of Manuel Marulanda, after a course given at the School of the Communist Party in 1952. Other cadres of that period were Pedro Leon Arboleda, a philosopher and journalist; Francisco Garnica, a prominent leader of the Communist Youth, as well as Ricardo Torres and Carlos Alberto Morales, who were killed by the national army in Cali, after having been captured in Guacari, in the Department of Valle del Cauca. Libardo Mora Toro, a labor lawyer and also an outstanding athletic champion, was killed in combat as a leader of the EPL (Popular Liberation Army). It should be noted that other leaders of the Communist Party, and especially of the Communist Youth, more than 70% of whose members went over to the new Party, had been expelled by the revisionist clique of Gilberto Vieira White in 1962.
These bases were fundamental in building the pillars of what would be the organization of the Party, which became a reality with the contributions and efforts of cadres who arose from the revolutionary struggle in different organizations. It is correct to state that leaders, cadres and selected members of almost all the forces interested in building a new society came together into the Party under the impulse of the working class and the leadership of the Party as its vanguard. It is of course impossible to mention them all, but it is worth remembering Elohim Grajales, a renowned economist and a socialist leader; Francisco Caraballo, a leader of the National Command of the JMRL (Youths of the Liberal Revolutionary Movement), Aldemar Londono, a doctor and social leader in the coffee zone, Bernardo Ferreira Grandet, among others.
In the early 1960s, Colombia experienced a great revolutionary fervor resulting from the violence that affected society in the 1950s, the imposition of exclusive norms of the National Front and the need to fight for changes in the reality of the country. The objective conditions were ripe to present proposals, to go to the grassroots, to organize and mobilize them to participate in the different forms of the struggle.
The subjective conditions for building the organizational structure were ripe to move forward. Therefore the decision was made to coordinate activities among the cadres who were able to build the new Marxist-Leninist party. In order to accomplish this task, in early 1964 a Committee of Integration of the Colombian Revolutionary Movements (CIMREC) was established, with a commitment to first hold the Constitutive Conference and then organize the Congress of the Party which, according to the plans, should be held within one year.* The Constitutive Conference was held in the municipality of La Ceja, in Antioquia, between March 5 and 8, 1964, with the presence of a great majority of delegates who reaffirmed their commitment to advance the building of the Party. At the Conference a central leadership of 23 members was elected, the drawing up of the central documents was agreed on in order to organize meetings in different regions of the country and to promote discussion as well as the rules for the election of delegates to the Founding Congress.
* Conclusions of the 10th Congress of the CP of C (M-L). July 17, 1965.
The steps achieved made possible the consolidation of relations with other parties that were advancing in the same direction. In the first place it is worth recalling the Communist Party of Spain Marxist-Leninist, with the unforgettable presence of comrades Raul Marco and Elena Odena; the Marxist Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador; and of course the Communist Party of China which, in that period, was in the forefront of the struggle against revisionism.
The Communist Party of Colombia Marxist-Leninist was founded on July 17, 1965, at the 10th Congress held near Bogota. It took up the principles of Marxism- Leninism as a guide for its revolutionary action, reaffirmed the class character of the Party as the vanguard of the proletariat, proposed as objectives of its struggles the patriotic, popular, anti-imperialist revolution on the road toward socialism and, as the way toward it, the armed revolutionary struggle, with the participation of the masses and under the political leadership of the Party. Consistent with this decision, the Party also took up the task of promoting the building of a Patriotic Liberation Front, looking to open the way to the unity of the people, that is, the worker, peasant and popular alliance. It is also decided to work for the building of its armed wing, the Popular Liberation Army, as an instrument to especially promote the armed struggle of the people and enable the Party to prepare the popular armed insurrection.
Regarding the ideological struggle with the revisionists, the 10th Congress decided to raise the ideological and political struggle against this opportunist current, unmasking its collaborationist and conciliatory work with U.S. imperialism and the local bourgeoisie.
"The battle against revisionism is not just one more task but a key part of our action. Today we are in a position to strike a severe blow against this traitorous clique that, two years ago, maneuvered to have the 10th Congress rigged with an absolutely unconditional representation. This Congress is the Congress of the Colombian communists. This Congress has to be the 10th Congress of the CP, which the Vieira clique had not been able to hold despite having called it for this year, 1964. This Congress should announce to the country that the Colombian communists have abandoned the opportunist leadership in order to take up the revolutionary path; it must prevent and hinder the revisionist attempt to further deceive the masses by taking the glorious communist name with impunity. This Congress will radically change the situation in the fight against revisionism; the explanations, rectifications, the desperate cries, will be of those who would try to prove the illegitimacy of our meeting, but those laments will find in front of them the formidable barrier of the revolutionary conclusions of our Congress.
"To go against our Congress will mean to go against its revolutionary conclusions, and so the only thing that they would fully prove would be the kind of the cowardly traitors they are.
* Conclusions of the 10th Congress of the Communist Party of Colombia Marxist-Leninist. July 17, 1965.
Today, just as yesterday, those who insist on saying that Marxism-Leninism has lost its relevance and that those of us who defend it are behind the times and lack a vision of the future are wrong; they have lost sight of the fact that what really failed was a false model of socialism that served as a step to follow a path toward capitalism, as the reality of present-day imperialist Russia has clearly shown.
This project of the party, created over 50 years ago, still preserves its political relevance and today we have the honor of carrying the communist banner that the heirs of Khrushchev have lowered worldwide.
For the communists today, the defense of Marxism-Leninism as the fundamental guide for the revolutionary struggle of the working class remains a task of the highest order, without which the perspective of building genuine socialism is obscured. This is why we will continue as a Party to strive to steel our forces, strengthen our unity, grow and participate actively, without hesitation, in the different forms of the class struggle.
At times when the social contradictions are being exacerbated and capitalism is showing its agony and inability to create development, well-being, social equality and freedom, the world bourgeoisie is reinforcing its offensive, opposing any change that threatens its interests and profits. That is why it insists on attacking Marxism-Leninism, ridiculing the socialist project and the communist future. The principal target of the bourgeois theorists and those who converted to their side at the last moment includes proletarian partisanship, which they are fiercely attacking, seeking its total elimination. There is no doubt that imperialism is pushing forward a multifaceted offensive, which combines strong ideological, political, organizational and military structures aimed at containing and defeating the resistance and struggle of the working class and peoples for their independence and self-determination. In this regard, we will continue to state that today, just as yesterday, we continue to take up the challenge of disrupting the offensive of imperialism and the bourgeoisie, of defeating their plans, a matter that calls on us to strengthen our parties, to show their importance and their historical and political relevance.
In that vein, we Party members fully take up the commitment to hold firm the banners that gave origin to our Party. We are and remain staunch defenders of Marxism-Leninism, of its historical and political relevance, of the interests of the proletariat and the Colombian people. It is obvious that the policies adopted by the Party at its 10th Congress have undergone substantial changes; in fact, the reality that we face is not the same as that of the 1960s, but the political foundations that support our organization are intact and much stronger as a result of our combat and loyalty to the interests of the working class and the people.
In December of 2011 we held our 17th Congress, and now we are preparing to hold our 18th Congress. What guides us is a current and relevant political line and program, subject to constant testing in the class struggle that highlights the important accumulated experience achieved by the Party.
We face the challenge of accelerating the upward path, winning new positions in the class struggle, and therefore we see the need to strengthen our unity, steel our role, raise the initiative and link ourselves better to the masses with an approach that allows us to grow qualitatively and quantitatively. To rationalize our experiences and the experiences of our fraternal parties and of the revolutionaries of the world will undoubtedly contribute to the objectives undertaken that, rather than deny, will reaffirm our banners, our basic tenets, principles and the historical legacy that we communists of the world have in various spheres.
We cannot ignore the fact that these have been 50 years of hard and tenacious struggle in all spheres, with important contributions to our revolutionary process, with a brilliant history of participation in the various scenarios of the national and international class struggle that are our heritage. Our history is based on the strength and conviction of the justness of our cause. This is the way the most outstanding leaders of our organizations have acted. Hundreds of leading cadres, members, fighters and supporters have stained the banner of the Party with blood in the struggle to crystallize its ideals. Many have gone and will go through harsh conditions of life and work in the prisons of the reactionary regime to keep unsullied their high communist aspirations.
Without Messianism of any kind, but with deep convictions, the best tribute that we can pay to those martyrs and heroes, to those selfless fighters, is to stay firm on course to consolidate and develop the Party and the organizations that it leads.
Communist thought maintains its solid foundations, and the world situation of today demolishes all the speeches that the bourgeoisie has advanced to bury its hated enemy and thus deprive the proletariat and the revolutionary classes of the weapon they need to destroy the capitalist system and "storm heaven by assault," as Marx stated in regard to the Paris Commune. Marxism-Leninism is a theory able to achieve its own development, to assimilate the scientific advances, to renew itself without abandoning its nature and, on this theoretical basis, the members of our Party are convinced that the history of 50 years of struggle is not in its final chapter.
To the delight of the bourgeoisie, many converts have tried to write the requiem for our organizations, with great shows of scientism, but the facts are more stubborn than the vain aspirations of the deserters. Here we are immersed in the class struggle and with our heads high we are defending the ideals of communism, of scientific socialism and of revolution.
Many times they have given us up for dead and wanted to attend our funeral. However, despite our limitations, we are here. We represent a worthy and revolutionary point of view in the country. We have a structure and an influence in the mass movement. In contrast, all the factions that have attacked our Party have disappeared as political projects. The "Hopefuls*," who sold out the majority of the EPL, are now gone, dissolved organizationally and politically; they abandoned their base and cadres to their fate, they joined social democratic organizations or parties of the bourgeoisie, they did not come up with a different alternative for change in the country, as they had touted, and some of their members bear the shame of having gone over to the ranks of the enemies of the revolution. The "Rectifiers", as the faction headed by Danilo Trujillo and Gabriela Londono is known, who were expelled from our party in 1998, underwent the same fate and were even unable to design a serious political project for the country and the masses. Today we find them in the ranks of the bourgeoisie, collaborating with its projects.
* This is the term by which the members of the organization Hope, Peace and Freedom are known, a faction of the Party and the EPL in the years 1989 and 1990.
In defending the ideological, political and organizational integrity of the Party, we have undoubtedly made mistakes. But we have not lost the proletarian path and that is the essential point. Many valiant people who are not with us today have passed through our Party; there are various reasons for this. We want to increase our membership, as well as the environment surrounding the organization and its presence in the political life and among the various popular sectors.
The situation we have experienced, from the time of our restructuring based on Marxism-Leninism in 1965 until today, is rich in experience. It provides fundamental ideological, political and methodological elements. Many things have changed in the national environment and in the world context. Looking at things from that perspective, we must say that much remains to be corrected, that it is necessary to make updates and advances, and that the challenge today is different. It is no longer a matter of just reaffirming ourselves, or proclaiming that we exist, but of consolidating our ideological make-up, developing our ranks qualitatively and quantitatively, placing ourselves in a better and more scientific way among the masses and in the general political struggle and, finally, sharpening our tools to better confront imperialism and the bourgeoisie, revisionism and all sorts of enemies that are trying to halt the march of history. Our great challenge is still to be an alternative of power.
To enhance the struggle for popular power, we need the revolutionary historical memory of our people. To grow and strengthen the quality of our party we need to recover its true history, the life and struggles of those who forged it, the battles won and the setbacks we have had to face. In this way we will unmask the false histories that are told and written about us. In this way we paint the Marxist Leninist picture that is the reason for our existence and the pillar in order to win our objectives.
To mark these 50 years of communist life we want to salute the Parties and Organizations that claim this ideology and commit our efforts together with them to develop the current of thought that characterizes us. Similarly, we say to all the democrats and revolutionaries of Colombia and the world that they can count on us in the fight against the common enemy. To all the cadres and members suffering in the prisons of the regime, we bring our message of solidarity and commitment to honor in combat the history of 50 years of relentless struggle.
Long live the Communist Party of Colombia Marxist-Leninist!!
Long live, long live, long live!!
Fifty years of fighting together with the working class and the people!!
The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) deeply regrets the death of Fidel Castro and expresses its solidarity with the government and the Cuban people in these difficult and painful moments.
Fidel Castro will always be remembered as a leader who dedicated his life to the revolution that transformed the economic and social structures of Cuba, in constant struggle against the aggression of US imperialism. The revolution that triumphed in 1959 aroused the enthusiasm of the masses in Latin America and worldwide. The Sierra Maestra fighters made the dream of liberation craved by Cubans and Latin American workers a reality.
Since that memorable date when the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista was defeated, Cuba began a titanic struggle for national independence, economic sovereignty and liberation from the yoke exerted on the country by the United States.
Literacy campaigns, nationalization of enterprises and plantations owned by US capital and the extraordinary development of education and public health brought Cuba from underdevelopment and turned the island into an example for the peoples of Latin America and the other continents.
Beyond the political and ideological discrepancies, our party has always shown its solidarity with the Cuban people, denouncing the US economic blockade, the terrorist attacks of emigrants and hostile actions advocated by the Popular Party.
Fidel Castro will always be remembered as the man, the leader and revolutionary who, with sacrifice and effort of all the Cuban people for his country, regained dignity and national sovereignty. His death is a great loss for the Cuban revolution, but the workers, peasants and intellectuals, all the people of Cuba will continue forward, continuing and improving its legacy.
The red flags of the Communists around the world are inclined with respect to honor his memory. The Cuban land will house a man who completed the work begun by Martí.
PCMLE: Fidel Castro Ruz: Comandante of the Cuban Revolution Has Died, We Honor His Memory!
On the night of November 25, Fidel Castro Ruz, Comandante of the Cuban Revolution, has died and the Cuban people, the peoples of Latin America and the world mourn his death.
Fidel, throughout his life, was an outstanding revolutionary leader, and along with his comrades such as Che Guevara, Camilo Cienfuegos and others, was at the head of the heroic process of the Cuban revolution, which confronted the aggressive designs of US imperialism, defeated the armed incursions, the plots and conspiracies that the world power financed and directed together with the reactionary circles, in an attempt to break the will of the Cuban people and their leaders.
With Fidel at its head, the courageous Cuban people, with arms in hand, were able to overthrow the infamous, criminal and pro-Yankee dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, who had handed over the Caribbean island's resources, sovereignty and independence to the Yankees. This same people, based on their unity, promoting the struggle, has been advancing in their revolutionary process that achieved important and well-known social achievements in various fields such as education, health, social security and, despite the criminal imperialist blockade, managed to rise up and maintain those achievements, which earned them the recognition and solidarity of the peoples of the world.
For the peoples of Latin America, the victories achieved by the Cuban revolution have undoubtedly been an example that has influenced their anti-imperialist struggles and the struggle for social revolution. Cuba has been the example of how a small country, besieged by the major world power that has blocked it since the beginning of the revolution, was able to stand up and maintain its independence with dignity.
The Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador, its members and leaders, pay homage to the memory of Fidel Castro, Comandante of the Cuban Revolution; We express our heartfelt condolences to the people of Cuba and their leaders and we believe that all of Fidel's courageous legacy in his revolutionary actions will be maintained and developed for the advance of their social achievements and social justice.


Located above the "arch" of Italy's boot, Basilicata (known locally as Lucania) may not have the glamour of the Amalfi Coast or the polish of Tuscany. But it does have a wild beauty that can seem otherworldly, even biblical: ancient buildings hewed from honey-colored limestone; black-sand beaches fringing a verdant coast; and a simple yet rich culinary tradition. In recent years, the area has undergone a renaissance thanks to an influx of talented chefs and hoteliers—including Francis Ford Coppola, who opened the nine-room Palazzo Margherita in his grandfather's hometown of Bernalda.
This unique neighborhood in the town of Matera is a great introduction to the region. Famous for its centuries-old cave dwellings, the Sassi was once one of Italy's poorest communities. But in 1993, the district was designated a unesco World Heritage site, encouraging a flurry of economic interest. Today, the steep, winding streets are brimming with energy, as many of the habitations are now authentic inns and artisanal workshops run by young craftspeople.
Swedish-Italian hotelier and preservationist Daniele Kihlgren was one of the first to give the Sassi's spare aesthetic a luxe spin when he opened Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita ($$$) five years ago. The 18 candlelit rooms, spread out over a network of caverns, are simple but stylish, mixing unadorned walls with contemporary touches such as freestanding Agape bathtubs. Breakfast is a lavish buffet (burrata; foccacia with potatoes and tomatoes; house-made plum cakes) served in a dramatic deconsecrated grotto-church.
If you prefer something even more intimate, check in to Corte San Pietro ($), a series of 15th-century cave houses restored over the course of four years by owner Fernando Ponte. The five rooms have modern Cinova beds offset by wooden tables made of antique chestnut. On the horizon: a sleek subterranean spa.
For a casual sit-down lunch, La Latteria di Emanuele Rizzi (39-0835/312-058; $$) dishes out cheeses and charcuterie in the back of a grocery store. We devoured tangy caciocavallo podolico—made with milk from Basilicata's gray-coated free-ranging cattle—served with caramelized figs and wild blackberries.
Dinner favorites include L'Abbondanza Lucana (39-0835/334-574; $$), in an elegant whitewashed grotto. The small-plate appetizers are the draw, a feast of Lucanian specialities such as carpaccio di melanzane, slices of red eggplant from Rotonda soaked in oil with garlic, mint, and chili pepper; and cialledda, a salad made with chunks of Matera's crusty, durum-wheat loaves, tomatoes, cucumber, and onion. Chef Francesca Tambona puts her own twist on regional classics at the upscale Ristorante Francesca (39-0835/310-443; $$). Order the crêpes with chicken and apples in a brandy sauce, followed by cassata gelato, which comes with generous dollops of chocolate.
Visit the Sassi's three main rupestrian churches—Santa Lucia delle Malve, Santa Maria de Idris, and San Pietro Barisano—all of which have frescoes dating from the 11th to the 17th centuries, and the Crypt of Original Sin (call 39-320/535-0910 to book a tour), six miles south of Matera. Discovered in 1963, and hailed as a ninth-century Sistine Chapel, it has impressive depictions of haloed saints and angels, surrounded by vibrant red poppies. For something more modern, stop by Museo della Scultura Contemporanea which highlights international and Italian artists, including Marino Marini and Giò Pomodoro.
Woodworker Massimo Casiello stocks his namesake shop with smoothly polished vases, pens, and lamps, but we're partial to his bread stamps depicting bulls and towers. They were once used to mark loaves baked in Matera's communal ovens. On the Piazza del Sedile, jewelry designers Elisa & Janna create gorgeous sculptural pieces from semiprecious stones and recycled materials. Two doors down at Geppetto (39-0835/331-857), ceramicist Marco Brunetti crafts traditional whistles shaped like chickens—they make ideal souvenirs for kids.
Stretching up a hillside, this southwestern Tyrrhenian village is a low-octane version of Positano or Amalfi. By day, you can explore the area's 20 miles of coast, including black volcanic sand and pebble beaches, or take boat trips to swim in caves along the shore. In the evening, sip Campari-and-sodas in the compact main piazza; shop (most stores are open until 10 p.m. in summer); or stop by one of the many beautiful churches, with their bright ceramic-tiled floors.
Set in an 18th-century former convent at the top of the village, Locanda delle Donne Monache ($$$) is a quiet haven with hidden reading rooms and a delightful rooftop pool. Seventeen of the 27 streamlined, light-filled rooms overlook the historic district's terra-cotta-tiled houses.
In Maratea's historic center, the low-key La Merenderia (39-349/147-1918; $$) has a few wooden tables scattered around a tiny piazza. Locals go for an aperocena—a glass of wine served with small bites, such as smoked goat cheese or 'nduja, a spicy sausage spread from neighboring Calabria. As for the wine, choose the fruity white Malvasia di Ginestra or a full-bodied red Aglianico del Vulture.
Overlooking the scenic port, two miles from the town center, rustic Il Clubbino (39-328/282-2159; $$$) is perfect for a lunchtime snack of freselle, Basilicata's water-soaked bread rolls, topped with fresh basil and tomato. Three generations of the Mazzeo-Avigliano family have prepared just-caught fish at Ristorante Za'Mariuccia (39-0973/876-163; $$$), in a former fisherman's house. For dinner, request one of the seven tables on the sea-facing terrace and order the paccheri pasta from Gragnano with rockfish and whisker-thin strands of bell pepper.
Maratea's best beach is laid-back La Secca di Castrocucco, a strip of black sand with blue and yellow umbrellas, loungers, and a reed-thatched bar. Other options: Acquafredda, a wide, expansive stretch six miles outside town, or Spiaggia Nera, a pebbly cove reached via a steep staircase, closer to the village.
Tour operator Marvin Escursioni (39-0973/870-013; half-day trips from $35) organizes outings in a converted lifeboat from the port to secluded spots reachable only by water. Our charismatic guide, Giovanni Lagatta (who speaks a bit of English), peppered his historical-cultural-gossip-laden narrative with his favorite recipes (like grilled pecorino on toast drizzled with chestnut honey). The itinerary included the Grotta Azzurra, a cavern illuminated by natural light, where the sea is a beautiful translucent blue.
La Farmacia dei Sani (39-0973/876-148) displays delicious treats (leaf-wrapped figs; bars of bergamot-scented chocolate from Calabria) on its well-curated shelves. At Antica Casa del Tessuto (39-0973/876-520), Giuseppe Brando sells hemp and linen tablecloths, tea towels, sheets, and bedcovers, all woven in Basilicata with traditional motifs that include chili peppers and lemons.
Lined with white and pink flat-roofed houses, this tiny hilltop town resembles a neorealist movie set. Laundry flutters above pots of white hibiscus and basil, pensioners sit beside trays of red capsicum peppers drying in the sun, and toddlers enjoy dessert at the gelateria while their mothers chat. At any moment, it feels as if Federico Fellini could appear from around the corner—but you're more likely to bump into director Francis Ford Coppola, who often visits with his family.
It's easy to miss Palazzo Margherita's ($$$$) discreet entranceway on Corso Umberto, Bernalda's main thoroughfare. Once inside, there's no mistaking that Francis Ford Coppola's only Italian hotel is a special place. The celebrated French decorator Jacques Grange designed the 19th-century villa's nine spacious, colorful suites, blending Italian Baroque, Moroccan, and Tunisian influences. Also on site: loaner bikes, a shaded, black-tiled pool, and three restaurants, including a buzzy pizzeria facing the main square.
Ten miles south you'll find eastern Basilicata's other noteworthy property: Hotel Torre Fiore Masseria ($$), housed in a blazing-white masseria close to the town of Pisticci. The 13 rooms all have a polished, country-chic look (blond-wood furniture; delicate floral fabrics; exposed beams). The poolside restaurant serves an excellent grilled porterhouse steak—finish with a digestivo of Pisticci's own herbal Amaro Lucano.
La Locandiera ($$$), in Bernalda, was recently named one of Italy's top 20 trattorias by foodie association Gambero Rosso—the first time a Basilicata restaurant has made the cut. Owner Francesco Russo works with his mother and aunt in the retro sala to produce hearty but creative dishes such as frittata with potatoes, white onions, and nettles. Next door to the Palazzo Margherita, Il Vecchio Frantoio (39-0835/543-546; $$$$) is a no-frills local haunt with cheerful yellow tablecloths. Highlights include the handmade pasta with squid and fresh chili peppers, and sweet-almond semifreddo gelato. Don't leave without tasting the lemon granita made daily at Azimut Café ($$), a tiny, wood-paneled watering hole that looks like it hasn't changed since the 1960's.
Bernalda is about the relaxed, simple pleasures of small-town Italian life—but it also makes a great base for excursions. The Coppolas often go to Riva dei Ginepri (day passes from $28), an exclusive, reservation-only beach club a half-hour's drive west, near Pisticci. Here, thatched umbrellas shelter giant white circular sofas that face a stretch of silvery sand and the turquoise Ionian Sea. Or head for Spiaggia 48, a public beach with calm, shallow waters, frequented by locals.
Make an appointment at Cantine del Notaio Winery, located 90 miles north in Rionero in Vulture, where producer Gerardo Giuratrabocchetti will take you through his barrel-filled, vaulted cellars. Afterward, taste the award-winning Il Rosito, a crystalline rosé.
Finding your way to the abandoned village of Craco (call 39-0835/459-214 to book a tour), past the area's craggy clay hills and up a bumpy dirt road, isn't easy. But the first sight of this hamlet, perched on a 1,280-foot hilltop, makes the hour's drive worthwhile. After a landslide in 1963, the 2,000 inhabitants were relocated. Our guide, Pasquale Ragone, a former resident, accompanied us on a hard-hat tour past abandoned houses, a cinema, and even a pasticceria that once belonged to his family. They all testify to a Pompeii-like disaster, yet there is still the magical aura of a fairy tale. Note: you cannot visit Craco on your own. For reasons of safety, you must be accompanied by one of the town's licensed guides—none of whom, unfortunately, speak English. However, T+L A-List travel agent Joyce Falcone (guide fees from $166 per half-day) can arrange for a translator, such as Matera-based Enzo Montemurro, to accompany you.
Fly to Bari Airport in Puglia, where you can rent a car for the 90-minute drive to Matera. Local trains run regularly from Bari's Ferrovie Appulo Lucane Station to Matera on weekdays and Saturdays.
Valerie Waterhouse is T+L's Italy correspondent.
Jaunty striped umbrellas line Acquafredda Beach, just outside the village of Maratea.
A typical scene in Bernalda, a hilltop town that resembles a neorealist movie set.
Palazzo Margherita—Francis Ford Coppola's only Italian hotel—on Corso Umberto, Bernalda's main thoroughfare.
The frescoed ceiling of suite No. 8 at the Palazzo Margherita.
The rooftop pool at Locanda delle Donne Monache, a 27-room secluded hotel in the village of Maratea.
La Locandiera, in Bernalda, was recently named one of Italy's top 20 trattorias by foodie association Gambero Rosso.
A canoe washed up on Acquafredda Beach.
One of 18 candlelit rooms, spread across a network of caverns, at Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita.
Enjoying a glass of wine on the patio of Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita.
The terra-cotta-tiled houses of Maratea, a southwestern Tyrrhenian village that feels like a low-octane version of Positano or Amalfi.
Trays of red capsicum peppers drying in the sun in Bernalda.
Palazzo Margherita's suite No. 9, which blends Italian, Baroque, Moroccan, and Tunisian influences.
House-made ricotta and cherry jam are part of the breakfast spread at Palazzo Margherita.
The hauntingly beautiful ruins of Craco, which was abandoned after a landslide in 1963.
The vineyards of Cantine del Notaio in the town of Rionero in Vulture, about 90 miles north of Bernalda.
A view of the town of Matera as dusk falls, seen from the patio of Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita.
Famous for its centuries-old cave dwellings, Sassi di Matera has recently experienced a revival as young craftspeople open workshops and authentic inns.
The courtyard at Palazzo Margherita, a 19th-century villa turned hotel.
Friselle with mozzarella at Chiosco Bar on Acquafredda Beach, near Maratea.
The abandoned village of Craco can be visited only with a licensed guide.


Ultherapy is one of the best and safest non invasive methods used for facial skin tightening. It involves using ultrasound waves that counteracts the effects of time and gravity on your skin. Ultherapy uses the body's own regenerative response to gently and gradually lift skin on the eyebrow, under the chin and on the neck, and smooth lines and wrinkles on the neck.
Many people ask about the difference between traditional FaceLift surgery vs Ultherapy.
Ultherapy typically takes a couple of months to see results, as the collagen gradually regenerates to improve the skin's tone and texture. The favourable effects of the Ultherapy will last up to 2 years and may need to be repeated. However you get the benefits of face lift surgery if you're not ready to commit to surgery. We're happy to assist you further at your consultation with your doctor.


We recently took our Engineering Interns on a field trip to the Boulder City Bypass, on which GCW was a subconsultant, and asked them to share their thoughts on the visit. GCW provided program management for this Design-Build, consisting of 12 miles of 4-lane limited access freeway around the southern perimeter of Boulder City. The project includes interchanges at US 95 and Nevada Way (SR 172). GCW developed innovative alternative layouts for the Nevada Way interchange to avoid closely spaced intersections at the NB ramp terminus. This included preliminary geometric design of a partial roundabout interchange within tight right-of-way constraints and challenging grades. GCW provided 30% design drawings for the two interchanges and drainage facilities. GCW also provided topographic mapping of the Boulder Bypass route, and right-of-way services including legal descriptions and exhibits for all required utility easements.
What was your favorite part about the field trip to the Boulder City Bypass?
Dillon H.: My favorite part about the field trip was being able to walk on the I-11 interstate before it opened and getting to learn all the nuances and lessons learned from the project manager, Jared Wagstaff, during the design/construction process.
Frankie M.: My favorite part of the field trip was learning about the construction process and management to this massive project. It is astounding to me how many hindrances and setbacks that may occur in the construction process of a project this size, and how they've come up with noble solutions to resolve these issues that they encountered. Also, I thought it was really cool to be able to walk on the Interstate before its opening, now I can tell my future grandkids that I walked on the Interstate way back in 2018 while it was being constructed.
Joseph R.: The drainage facilities around the project site.
Nick K.: I most liked the stepped bridge over the channel, it was an interesting solution to a complicated problem and it also just looked really cool.
What did you learn from going on the trip?
Dillon H.: I learned that having an absurdly low bid on a design-build project isn't necessarily a bad thing because each contractor is bidding their own specific design, instead of all bidding the same design. The naturally occurring asbestos that made the news related to this project was really quite minimal and they only detected high levels in one test area I believe it was. Aggressively steep slopes on the rock cuts through the mountainous terrain helped Las Vegas Paving win the job.
Frankie M.: I learned a lot through this field trip. It was very informative and great to see everything off of paper and explained how it was done. My main takeaway from this trip was that designing on paper is way different than designing it in the field. It is very important for an engineer to be able to understand what is being designed on paper, and if it plausible in the field as well. When designing on paper, it is essential to take field trips and observe possible site issues, and then comeback to design with those issues in mind, to make it easier for the construction process.
Joseph R.: I learned that it can be challenging deciding where a road can tie into a freeway.
Nick K.: It was good to learn about the construction side of the industry and I think it will help me be a better engineer the more I know how things are actually built.


If you are one of those individuals who are facing foreclosure in a few months, you need to act fast to prevent foreclosure from happening. An ideal way of dealing with foreclosure is to contact a loan modification company in your area. A loan modification company will help prevent foreclosure by cutting a deal with the lending company to actually lower down your debt. Through the loan modification company, you are negotiating to make some changes not only in your payment terms but even in the total amount you need to pay.
Advanced Mortgage Investigators performs predatory lending mortgage audits for consumers, attorneys, realtors, brokers, and mortgage companys. We will audit loans to find cause to cause lenders to re-negotiate loan tems. Our loans are performed manualy by our Certified Loan Auditor. This way you can be assured that the data you recieve is totally complete and 100% accurate.


Note: Real estate developers which win public tender for real estate construction projects in the district should firstly transact file registration procedures with Beijing City Tender Office for the bidding documents, construction and supervision contracts, as well as Notification of Award. And then, they should transact construction security supervision procedures in No. 105 Hall of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development before they transact construction permit at the window of Engineering Office of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Please go to the Download Center of www.bjjs.gov.cn to download related materials and forms required for the transaction of construction security supervision procedures.


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Home Great Information First Day Of Chinese New Year 2021
First Day Of Chinese New Year 2021
Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020. Without a doubt, it has been a difficult year for. If you buy from a link, we may. When exactly is three kings day in 2020? We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need!
Public Holidays In Batam 2021 All About City Batam from batam.allabout.city
Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020. When exactly is three kings day in 2020? We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need! 2020 has been nothing short of chaotic. Without a doubt, it has been a difficult year for.
The number of days in a year without including weekends totals 260 days.
Whether you prefer the convenience of an electric can opener or you're perfectly fine with the simplicity of manual models, a can opener is an indispensable kitchen tool you can't live without unless you plan to never eat canned foods. Have a happy and healthy valentine's day, whether you're single or in a relationship, with these ideas from prevention. Learn about nian, or the spring festival, its origin, development, and the link to a monstrous story. Celebrate dad this father's day with these great gifts, recipes, and fun activities he'll love. If you buy from a link, we may.
Without a doubt, it has been a difficult year for. Learn about nian, or the spring festival, its origin, development, and the link to a monstrous story. Country living editors select each. From an unprecedented pandemic to historic calls for racial justice to homicidal hornets to a seemingly major uptick in global climate catastrophes — and those are just a few of the year's standout ev. Wondering about target's new year's hours in 2020 and 2021?
First Day Of Chinese New Year 2021 Is Also Palindrome Day Mothership Sg News From Singapore Asia And Around The World from static.mothership.sg
Sociologists say that the next decade will be dominated by women and by the reinvention of our lives in adulthood. Wondering about target's new year's hours in 2020 and 2021? 2020 has been nothing short of chaotic. Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the department of medicine mar 19, 2021 | posted by kbennett | congratulations, education | no comments we are proud to present the 2021 intern class for the residency programs within th. Country living editors select each.
Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020.
Country living editors select each. Have a happy and healthy valentine's day, whether you're single or in a relationship, with these ideas from prevention. Celebrate dad this father's day with these great gifts, recipes, and fun activities he'll love. We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need! 2020 has been nothing short of chaotic.
We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need! Here are all the facts you need to know about the christian holiday, including why we celebrate it and what we eat. The number of days in a year without including weekends totals 260 days. The spring festival is also called nian, but who knows the term, nian, was. What do you decide to keep from 2020?
Chinese New Year Around The World In 2022 Office Holidays from static.officeholidays.com
Wondering about target's new year's hours in 2020 and 2021? Whether you prefer the convenience of an electric can opener or you're perfectly fine with the simplicity of manual models, a can opener is an indispensable kitchen tool you can't live without unless you plan to never eat canned foods. Country living editors select each. Please understand that our phone lines must be clear for urgent medical care needs. We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need!
Have a happy and healthy valentine's day, whether you're single or in a relationship, with these ideas from prevention.
Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020. Learn about nian, or the spring festival, its origin, development, and the link to a monstrous story. If you buy from a link, we may. The number of weeks i. Wondering about target's new year's hours in 2020 and 2021?
First Day Of Chinese New Year 2021. Sociologists say that the next decade will be dominated by women and by the reinvention of our lives in adulthood. We've got good news, which is that target is open with adjusted hours on new year's eve and day—so you'll have time to stock up on what you need! The spring festival is the grandest festival for the chinese. There is a simple formula used to come up with this calculation: Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020.
Source: www.wofs.com
Country living editors select each. Without a doubt, it has been a difficult year for. Sociologists say that the next decade will be dominated by women and by the reinvention of our lives in adulthood. Have a happy and healthy valentine's day, whether you're single or in a relationship, with these ideas from prevention. The spring festival is also called nian, but who knows the term, nian, was.
Source: www.fengshuiweb.co.uk
From an unprecedented pandemic to historic calls for racial justice to homicidal hornets to a seemingly major uptick in global climate catastrophes — and those are just a few of the year's standout ev. Country living editors select each. 2020 has been nothing short of chaotic. Whether you prefer the convenience of an electric can opener or you're perfectly fine with the simplicity of manual models, a can opener is an indispensable kitchen tool you can't live without unless you plan to never eat canned foods. The number of weeks i.
Country living editors select each. Celebrate dad this father's day with these great gifts, recipes, and fun activities he'll love. 2020 has been nothing short of chaotic. Please understand that our phone lines must be clear for urgent medical care needs. Wondering about target's new year's hours in 2020 and 2021?
Here are all the facts you need to know about the christian holiday, including why we celebrate it and what we eat. Celebrate dad this father's day with these great gifts, recipes, and fun activities he'll love. Every four years, this number will be 261 because of leap year, such as in 2020.
Source: upload.travelawaits.com
The number of weeks i. Have a happy and healthy valentine's day, whether you're single or in a relationship, with these ideas from prevention. Learn about nian, or the spring festival, its origin, development, and the link to a monstrous story.
Source: images.chinahighlights.com
The number of weeks i. When exactly is three kings day in 2020? The number of days in a year without including weekends totals 260 days.
Thank you for reading about first day of chinese new year 2021. For more useful information about home design visit https://teknoliste.com/
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A window into how the enigmatic Generation Y (now the largest demographic group) will transform the financial services industry. As employees, customers, investors and policy makers, Millennials have been redefining the role that finance institutions to play in their digitally driven lifestyles, business and society.
Download report below for insights on the 'always on', automated and hyper-personalised and mobile-first expectations of this new Millennial customer and the technologies with the potential to help you build stronger relationship with them.
Millennials vote with their money. From mobile banking to crowd funding, payments, wealth management, loans and investing – there's an app for that, and up to two in three Millennials are already using or considering using FinTech.
This report looks at technology through life's remote control, the mobile phone, and analyses where institutions will need to digitally transform in order to compete against platform-based, data-intensive and capital-light business models that are predicted to have the greatest disruptive impact. It outlines how emerging digital technologies, including blockchain, artificial intelligence and data analytics enable institutions to create networked ecosystems for the provision of transaction, risk management, investment and financing services to win Millennials with.
Measure often: Monitor employee engagement often during and post-deployment. Surveys and collection methods don't need to be monolithic, catch-all projects. They can be smaller, more focused and faster to complete and provide a more realistic view of their attitude to work over time.