Students in the Middle Years range from 10 to 14 years of age. Students are placed in classrooms based upon their individual learning needs. We currently have around 140 students and 13 classrooms. Classrooms have between 5 and 14 students. We have high expectations of our staff, students and each other to ensure every lesson is a good lesson.
The Middle Years team consists of three Professional Learning Teams. The main focus of the PLT is to build one another's practice through classroom observations, planning and interpreting data to inform practice. Staff have a collective responsibility for all of the students within the Middle Years class groups. Each room has an Educational Support worker who assists the teacher and students in daily learning activities.
Each Professional Learning Team (PLT) is led by an experienced teacher. The team meets on a weekly basis and works through an Inquiry cycle process to plan highly engaging and focused lessons. All teaching and learning is embedded in quality research and teaching practice. PLT leaders attend weekly meetings to ensure consistency in all areas of teaching and learning throughout the school. At Warringa Park School we work towards a common goal of making education accessible to all of our students no matter what their need or ability. Our Middle Years students are working at diverse levels, ranging from Level A through to Levels 3 and 4 of the Victorian Curriculum. All lessons are differentiated in every class to meet the individual needs of all students.


Our #1 most useful resource is a monetary donation. Every animal in our program receives medical care including vaccinations, spay/neuter, flea and tick medicine, and deworming, and emergency surgeries. Any monetary donations we receive are applied directly toward these treatments for our animals!
Click on the donate link above to to donate toward the animals that we have in our program.
If you are living on or visiting St. Kitts, feel free to donate to one of our officers in person or visit the Ross University Veterinary Clinic (RUVC) to apply your donation directly to our clinic bill. We can also always use puppy and adult wet and dry dog food, toys, and flea and tick prevention!
To find out more about our community events, check out our Events Page. To show your support for SAFE and to raise awareness of our mission through merchandise, check out our Fundraising Page.
We always need foster parents. If you have experience with animals and can provide a safe, temporary home for one of our rescues on the island, please contact our foster coordinator in person or by email at fosters@safestkitts.org.
Help us help them! If you would like to volunteer with S.A.F.E., we are in need of many more helping hands. We need help picking up donations, advertising animals, rescuing animals, and much more. If you're able to help, please contact us via email.


Catch the danger signals that allow you to avoid the problem altogether.
EMPLOYEE lawsuits often will catch companies by surprise. Often, though, a worker's application is a tip-off that the employer is hiring a lawsuit that's just waiting to happen. By looking for these 10 danger signals, an employer can avoid hiring a problem in the first place.
The applicant does not sign application. An applicant with something to hide may purposely not sign the application form so he cannot later be accused of falsification.
The applicant does not sign consent for background screening. When a firm uses an outside agency to perform screening, federal law requires a separate disclosure and consent. A background consent form protects employers in two ways: It discourages applicants with something to hide and encourages candid interviews. A firm that does not perform some sort of screening becomes the employer of choice for problem applicants. If a candidate fails to sign the consent, that is not a good sign.
The applicant leaves criminal questions blank. An applicant with a past problem simply may skip the questions about criminal record. Every employment application should ask, in the broadest terms allowed by law, whether the applicant has a criminal record. Many jurisdictions permit questions about only convictions and pending cases.
Employers make a big mistake if they only ask about felonies because misdemeanors can be extremely serious. Although a job applicant cannot be automatically rejected because of a criminal conviction, an employer may consider the nature and gravity of the offense, the nature of the job, and how long ago the offense took place when evaluating whether there is a sound business reason not to employ someone. If an applicant lies about a criminal record, the false application may be reason enough to deny employment.
The applicant reports a criminal violation. Just because an applicant reports one offense does not eliminate the possibility there are other offenses. It is also possible that she reported it in a misleading way to lessen the seriousness of the crime. Employers should always check it out.
The applicant fails to explain gaps in employment history. It is critical to look for unexplained gaps. There can be many reasons for gaps between jobs, but if an applicant cannot account for the past seven to 10 years, that can be a red flag.
The applicant fails to give sufficient information to identify a past employer for reference checks. If an applicant does not give enough details about past employers, that can be a sign of trouble. Verifying past employment is an important tool for safe hiring.
Some employers make a costly mistake by not checking past employment because past employers may not give detailed information. However, even if a reference check only reveals dates of employment and job titles, this information can eliminate employment gaps.
The applicant fails to explain reason for leaving past jobs. Past job performance can be an important predictor of future success.
The applicant's explanations do not make sense. A careful review of employment gaps and reasons for leaving past jobs is needed. Anything that does not make sense must be cleared up in the interview.
You see an excessive number of cross-outs and changes. This can be an indication that a prospective employee is making things up as he fills out the application.
The applicant fails to indicate or recall the name of a former supervisor--another red flag. Past supervisors play an important role in conducting past employment checks.
What If You Don't Use an Application Form?
These danger signs assume employers use an application form. Some employers put their firm at risk by just using resumes. However, using an employment application is considered a best practice. Resumes are not always complete or clear.
Applications ensure uniformity and all needed information is obtained. They also protect employers from receiving impermissible information a resume may contain, and they provide employers with a place for applicants to sign necessary statements that are part of the hiring process.
Lester S. Rosen is an attorney at law and founder of Employment Screening Resources, www.ESRcheck.com, a national background screening company located in Novato, Calif. He is a consultant, writer, and frequent presenter on the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), pre-employment screening and safe hiring issues. He is a certified specialist in criminal law in California, a former deputy district attorney and defense attorney, and has taught criminal law and procedure at the University of California Hastings College of the Law. He has qualified and testified in court as an expert in the area of safe hiring and pre-employment background screening.


In this hotel, you will be able to stay in a classic ally-designed room and get a direct access from the hotel to Jogja City Mall, the biggest mall in Yogyakarta.
The Rich Sky Garden found in hotel premises has a swimming pool with a great view of Yogyakarta city centre!
Grand Keisha is a 4-star property that offers classy elegant rooms suitable for all ages!
They also have all the basic faciltiies such as a swimming pool, fitness centre and special rooftop bar called Ottoman Sky Lounge that's heavily influenced by Turkish culture.
Ideal for all kinds of travellers, leisure or business, this hotel offers 4 types of room: Superior, Deluxe, Deluxe Executive and Suite Room.
One of the hotel's selling points is their popular in-house spa: Tjokro Spa Yogyakarta. It's often sold out during the weekends and peak season.


text:
Vineyarders Headed to Section Finals Today
Saturday March 9, 2013
For the second year in a row, the boys' basketball team is headed to the finals of the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletics Association sectional tournament after defeating Medway 70-60 Monday evening in Taunton. With the win, the boys improved their season record to 17-5 and advance to the Division 3 South Section finals, which will be played this Saturday at UMass-Boston.
Basketball Back on Top, Hockey Defeats Bishop Stang
Ivy Ashe
The boys' basketball team rebounded from a tough one-point loss on Friday in their second game of the weekend as they defeated visiting Lexington 53-46 on Sunday afternoon. Senior Liam Weston had a standout game for the Vineyarders, shooting 78 per cent from the field en route to 16 points.
Streetball Is Basketball at Its Purest
Thursday June 28, 2012
Much to the dismay of Celtics fans, Miami brought the Heat that lit up the NBA this year. But basketball is back, and it's time for Islanders to stir up some heat on the courts.
The tenth annual Vineyard Streetball Classic three-on-three basketball tournament takes center court at Niantic Park in Oak Bluffs on Tuesday, July 3, beginning at 10 a.m.
Boys' Basketball Team Defeated In Sectional Tournament Final
BOSTON — The Vineyard boys' basketball team's successful season came to a close Saturday, as the team came back from an early 16-point deficit but fell just short, losing 70-65 to undefeated Wareham in the division 3 south section championship game at UMass Boston.
The loss also ended a dream year for all four of the high school's winter teams. The boys' and girls' basketball and hockey teams all made their post-season tournaments. Boys' basketball was the last one left playing until Saturday.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Roberto Firmino will be fine for final, says Jurgen Klopp
Jurgen Klopp believes that after coming back from a muscle injury, Roberto Firmino will further bolster the attack of Liverpool against Tottenham Hotspur in the UEFA Champions League final.
By: Reuters | Updated: May 28, 2019 5:59:07 pm
Liverpool forward Roberto Firmino is set to make his comeback in the UEFA Champions League final after almost a month. (File Photo)
Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp has said that Brazilian striker Roberto Firmino should be fit to face Tottenham Hotspur in Saturday's UEFA Champions League final in Madrid.
Firmino missed Liverpool's memorable semi-final win over Barcelona and the final game of the Premier League season against Wolverhampton Wanderers with a muscle strain, but he has responded well to his return to training according to Klopp.
"Bobby was part of training last week, then we took him out and will be in training from tomorrow again. From what we saw so far he looked good. He will be fine, I'm sure," the German told a news conference on Tuesday.
Dutch midfielder Georginio Wijnaldum said Firmino was crucial to Liverpool's way of playing.
"Really important, he sets the pressing from the front. We try to follow him. When we have the ball he is like an extra midfielder so we try and follow him in both ways. He is also an extra defender," Wijnaldum said.
The 28-year-old stepped into the Firmino role during the second half of Liverpool's stunning 4-0 win over Barcelona, scoring twice. While he would be willing to take on that duty again, he said he was more comfortable in his usual central midfield position.
"I prefer to play in the midfield but if the manager needs me I will play anywhere. That is a really difficult position to play. I think Divock (Origi) or (Daniel) Sturridge is a better option but if the manager needs me," he said.
Guinea midfielder Naby Keita is recovering well from his thigh injury but Klopp said he had no chance to be involved.
Liverpool has made a return to the final following their defeat to Real Madrid in last year's showpiece in Kiev. Klopp said they were fired up for the occasion but, played down talk of them having more big-game experience than Spurs.
"We are all very excited about having a chance again. We are probably the more experienced, but it doesn't really make a difference. It's about using the things that brought you to the final. So far we have controlled our emotions in a really good way," he said.
Juergen Klopp


text:
Rates of duty from 1 April 2020
Finance (No. 3) Bill – in a Public Bill Committee at 2:00 pm on 6th December 2018.
Kirsty Blackman Shadow SNP Spokesperson (Economy), SNP Deputy Leader, Shadow SNP Spokesperson (Economy) 2:00 pm, 6th December 2018
I beg to move amendment 104, in clause 60, page 44, line 17, at end insert—
"(3) The Chancellor of the Exchequer must review the effects of a reduction in air passenger duty rates from 1 April 2020 and lay a report of that review before the House of Commons within six months of the passing of this Act.
(4) A review under subsection (3) must in consider the effects of a reduction on—
(a) airlines,
(b) airport operators,
(c) other businesses, and
(d) passengers."
This amendment would require the Chancellor of the Exchequer to review the effects of a reduction in air passenger duty.
George Howarth Labour, Knowsley
Amendment 120, in clause 60, page 44, line 17, at end insert—
"(3) The Chancellor of the Exchequer must review the effects of the changes made in subsection (1) and related matters specified in subsections (4) and (5) and lay a report of that review before the House of Commons within six months of the coming into force of the changes.
(4) The matter specified in this subsection is the revenue effects of the changes.
(5) The matter specified in this subsection is the effects of the changes on—
(a) CO
(b) the United Kingdom's ability to comply with its third, fourth and fifth carbon budgets,
(c) air quality standards,
(d) air travel demand, and
(e) air traffic movements."
This amendment would require the Chancellor of the Exchequer to review the revenue, environmental and certain other impacts of the changes made by Clause 60.
"(3) The Chancellor of the Exchequer must review the effects of the changes made in subsection (1) together with the matter specified in subsection (4) and lay a report of that review before the House of Commons within six months of the coming into force of the changes.
(4) The matter specified in this subsection is to assess whether the rate for privately-owned and privately-chartered jets is reflective of environmental costs relative to the other rates and bands of air passenger duty."
This amendment would require the Government to review the extent to which rates of air passenger duty for privately-chartered and privately-owned aircraft reflect environmental costs.
I will not speak for a terribly long time, because I am sure the Committee is not keen on being detained for any longer than necessary.
The devolution of air passenger duty has not been properly completed, so the Scottish Government are unable to put in place air departure tax, which we committed to introducing, or to make our proposed changes first to halve that tax and then to remove it completely. We are keen to do that because we believe it is important that we can attract people to visit, live and work in our country, and those steps were in the manifesto we were voted in on in 2016.
Complete devolution has not happened due to an issue with our exemption for the highlands and islands. I understand that the UK Government and the Scottish Government are working on that. It would have been great if it had been dealt with before, because we hoped to have air departure tax in place in April. It has not been dealt with, but I get the impression that people are still around the table trying to solve the issue, which is good news.
In lieu of APD being properly devolved and our having the powers to make our planned changes in Scotland, we support a UK-wide reduction in APD. That is why we tabled amendment 104, which would require the Chancellor of the Exchequer to
"review the effects of a reduction in air passenger duty rates from 1 April 2020"— we chose that date because the industry has asked us to ensure that any change in rates is not made immediately—
"and lay a report of that review before the House of Commons within six months".
The review would have to
"consider the effects of a reduction on—
One of the key issues for us is that the comparatively high taxes in the UK sometimes cause difficulties for airlines and airport operators. If we take into account VAT, air passenger duty and other taxes, the UK is one of the more highly taxed places to visit as a tourist. We are keen to see changes so that we can secure the routes we have and run more routes.
Given the remoteness of some communities in Scotland, it is important that we have good access to flights. I live in Aberdeen, which is about two and a half or three hours' drive from Glasgow and Edinburgh. There are international flights out of Aberdeen, but not as many as I would like—there are lots of places we cannot get to unless we drive to Glasgow, Edinburgh or even further afield. I have previously looked at flying from Newcastle to get a better range of flights.
I would appreciate it if the Minister, if he cannot accept the amendment, talked a bit about what he thinks would be the impact on airlines, airport operators, other businesses and passengers of reducing air passenger duty. If he does not want to talk about that because it is not the Government's policy to reduce air passenger duty, it would be interesting to hear why it is not their policy given my concerns. We are calling for a review because the amendment of the law resolution does not allow us to change it in a serious way. I hope I have laid out the Scottish National party's position clearly.
With your leave, Mr Howarth, I will speak to amendments 120 and 121, and press them to a vote if necessary, before moving on to other significant questions that we feel need answering in relation to the clause. As numerous environmental non-governmental organisations, scientists and even the chair of the Committee on Climate Change have observed, the Government are failing to tackle the climate crisis that is already upon us, and we believe that that is reflected in their policy on air travel. There is an awkward mismatch between our world-leading climate change legislation and our policy and prevailing political attitudes towards aviation.
The purpose of amendment 120 is to force the Government to share with Parliament the impact, or the lack thereof, of their proposed changes to air passenger duty on a variety of environmental concerns. The Committee will be aware that the projected impact of climate change poses severe risks, not just to the natural environment but to the prosperity of the British nation and the welfare of the people we represent in the House.
Aviation has a significant and growing impact on climate change. Emissions from the sector rose by 1.2% in 2016. It currently represents about 7% of the UK's total emissions yet, on current projections, that figure will reach 25% by 2050 as a result of increases in aviation demand and carbon reduction in other sectors. That is because aviation currently enjoys a uniquely generous target under our national framework for reducing emissions through to 2050—namely, it is not expected to make any contribution in our carbon budgets to those reductions, and is instead required to conform to a level of emissions in 2050 that are no higher than 2005 levels, which is 37.5 megatonnes of carbon dioxide. That is known as the Committee on Climate Change planning assumption for aviation. That generous target is in recognition of the difficulty of decarbonising air travel through technology and operational improvement, and of the utility and social value of air travel for those who are lucky enough to use it.
Department for Transport aviation forecasts show that UK aviation emissions are currently on course to exceed even that generous limit, thus potentially jeopardising our ability to meet our overall climate change targets in the form of the fourth and fifth carbon budgets. The Committee on Climate Change has repeatedly called on the Government to develop a robust domestic mitigation policy framework for international aviation emissions for flights taking off from UK airports. Most recently, its 2017 and 2018 progress reports in Parliament highlighted the need for a new strategy and new policies to ensure UK aviation emissions are at about 2005 levels in 2050. In its 2018 assessment of the Government's clean growth strategy, it warned that they are falling far short of the necessary action. It noted that no progress has been made on this requirement.
The Committee on Climate Change is currently working to update its advice to the Government on mitigating aviation emissions. It is due to report on that in the spring—we await that with interest. One aspect of its guidance that is unlikely to change and is highly salient to the clause is the recognition that the UK's participation in international mitigation programmes for aviation emissions, such as the International Civil Aviation Organisation's CORSIA—carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation—agreement to offset growth from 2020 and the EU's emissions trading scheme will simply not be sufficient to keep UK aviation emissions within safe limits, as defined by the Committee on Climate Change.
Likewise, even if some fairly heroic assumptions are made about technology, operational improvements and the uptake of genuinely sustainable biofuels, the projected growth in demand for air travel is expected to outstrip these efficiency gains, causing emissions to rise above the safe limit. In 2009, the Committee on Climate Change advised the Government that:
"Deliberate policies to limit demand below its unconstrained level are therefore essential if the target is to be met."
That has remained its formal position ever since.
The statutory advice to Government by the committee—renowned, by the way, as among the best climate change advisers in the world—is therefore that the growth in demand for UK air travel must be limited if our climate change targets are to be met. That is clear. However, no Government, least of all this one, has yet proposed any such policies. On the contrary, this Government have acted to remove constraints to growth in UK air traffic, such as by approving a third runway at Heathrow Airport without any corresponding measures to meet climate change commitments.
That is why we seek through amendment 120 to compel the Government to review air passenger duty, its effect on the demand for air travel and the consequent effect on greenhouse gas emissions. That is not to say that APD is the only lever that the Government have, but it is incumbent on them to make it clear how they will achieve the climate objectives agreed by consensus of the House. Perhaps the Minister will answer some questions—I am sure the Committee on Climate Change will be interested in hearing the answers.
What impact APD rates have on demand today? How high would APD rates need to be, or what other measures would have to be in place, to constrain growth in emissions to within the safe limits advised by the Committee on Climate Change? Was that even a consideration of the Government when developing the Bill? Assuming that the Minister agrees it is indeed the Government's goal, he might say that APD is not the best or most equitable route to achieve that goal, but we need to be clear that there is another route. The answers we hope to receive will help us all as legislators to decide whether APD and the suggested rate changes are indeed an effective mechanism to achieve the Government's stated policy, or whether alternative measures would be more economically efficient and fiscally progressive.
We understand that limiting growth in demand for air travel is politically fraught, and that important social justice dimensions must be considered when designing any policies to achieve that aim. The issue, however, cannot be ducked forever. The Government have been, and continue to be, remiss in their duties by failing to make any assessment of the potential for different fiscal measures or other policy approaches to constrain UK aviation emissions in line with Committee on Climate Change guidance.
Modal shift from air to rail is an important feature of nearly all decarbonisation scenarios intended to deliver zero net emissions by the middle of the century, as per the UK commitment under the Paris agreement. At the moment, however, it is much cheaper to travel from London to Edinburgh by plane than by train. That is in part a product of the chronic failure of Britain's ill-advised experiment with the privatisation of our railways, but there is an argument that it is also due to tax advantages enjoyed by aviation over other modes of transport, which brings us back to the clause.
Under international air service agreements, it is prohibited to tax aviation fuel—an anachronism from the earliest days of international aviation, when only a handful of passenger planes were in the sky and Governments sought to do all they could to nurture this exciting new economic sector. Seventy years later, more than 23,000 aircraft are in the global fleet, and yet this highly mature industry continues to enjoy tax-free fuel, a perk it has retained through a combination of lobbying and the structural difficulties of levying a tax on an activity that, by its nature, crosses national boundaries.
That anomaly is the subject of intense debate in France, where motorists are rightly pointing out the gross disparity between the high rates of duty in the form of a carbon tax levied on petrol and diesel at the pump, and the total absence of taxation on aviation fuel. Former French environment Minister, Nicolas Hulot, last week joined calls for kerosene to be taxed. Serving members of the French Government say that they are now speaking with the European Commission.
In addition to duty-free fuel, airline tickets, planes, parts, repairs and fuel are all zero-rated for VAT, alongside items such as baby clothes and wheelchairs. There is also the duty-free shopping in airports. Given that history, the price of air travel does not reflect the environmental damage caused by flight. Taxing air travel appropriately is clearly a difficult political problem to solve, and I want to make it clear that we do not advocate that such travel should become a privilege available only to the rich. However, it is important to understand the social justice dimensions of the challenge clearly.
APD has been criticised in the past as a blunt instrument. That may be true, but it is overall a fiscally progressive tax in the sense that it is mostly collected from households at the upper end of the income spectrum. Government survey data suggests that about half of British residents do not take any flights in a given year, while about a fifth say they never fly. Research suggests that 70% of all flights by UK residents are taken by 15% of the population—the so-called frequent fliers. That group probably includes many people in this room. Only 1% of the general population fly more than seven times a year, but the richest 5% of households fly 13 times a year. Growth in demand for air travel is likewise being driven by the UK's wealthiest residents. Perhaps the Minister can share any official figures the Government hold.
In any event, to avoid catastrophic global warming, we must collectively limit carbon emissions from aviation. Ordinary people taking occasional family holidays or visiting relatives abroad should not be the priority for any policy designed to curb demand growth.
The hon. Gentleman makes a strong case for the amendments. Given that more information is better, we are happy to support them. For the avoidance of doubt, I would love to stop flying every week. An independent Scotland would mean we could do that, and it would reduce our carbon footprint.
The hon. Lady makes a good point—
Anneliese Dodds Shadow Minister (Treasury)
It is not that good a point.
It is a very good point in the sense that the hon. Lady cannot not come down here—I understand that. It is not such a good point about breaking away from the United Kingdom, and independence. However, we understand that she has to make the journey for work purposes.
It is a small minority of people who have to work in the way that the hon. Lady does, but many people now talk about the use of new technologies, and there may come a time, in the near future, when a holographic image of her could be here to represent her constituents. That may soon be upon us—who knows? We have been talking about the impact of technology.
Order. I should tell the hon. Gentleman that no hologram form will be recognised in this Committee.
Thank you, Mr Howarth, for that clarification, which was clearly needed.
As I was saying, it would be neither socially fair nor environmentally effective if ordinary people taking occasional family holidays or visiting relatives abroad were made the priority for any policy designed to curb demand growth. Therefore, as amendments 120 and 121 would provide, the Government need to make an assessment of the distributional impact of increasing aviation tax rates on specific groups who could be disproportionately affected.
The Opposition fully accept that, ultimately, APD may not be the right instrument to bring aviation growth into line with the planning assumption of the Committee on Climate Change. However, without the reviews we are calling for in amendments 120 and 121, it will be all but impossible to know whether it can play a role, or whether there are better alternatives. There have, for instance, been proposals for a per-plane tax, which would more closely link taxation to carbon emissions, and be a better incentive for more efficient use of passenger capacity in planes. Alternatively, there could be a frequent flyer levy designed to protect access to a reasonable amount of flying for low-income households, while targeting the most frequent flyers with an incrementally rising tax, thus addressing the elasticity of demand for air travel in relation to low prices or high income—or the fact that the key determinant of the propensity to fly is income, not ticket price.
I take no view of those options today, because we simply need to understand more about how they would work; but that is precisely why we need the Government to undertake formal assessments that allow us to compare the impact of potential options on the factors set out in the amendment. Small changes in price have little impact on demand for flights, so increasing the cost of flights to a level that exerts significant downward pressure on demand is difficult to do fairly via the taxes that the clause deals with, and could mean pricing the poor out of the skies when the richest air travellers cause most of the environmental damage. In any event, without the Government carrying out the necessary assessments, which our amendments would require, we cannot know what APD rates are required to meet the planning assumption of the Committee on Climate Change, or the relative efficacy of APD and alternative fiscal approaches, such as a per-plane tax or a frequent flyer levy, for achieving this policy goal.
Let me end with a sobering fact. As the widely respected naturalist David Attenborough warns the world at COP 24 that the collapse of our civilisation is on the horizon, the two largest aircraft manufacturers in the world—Boeing and Airbus—have more than 13,000 new fossil fuel-powered planes on order. Given the long operational lifespan of passenger jets, most of those planes will still be in the air in 2050, as will many of the 23,000 already in use. Given what is at stake, can the Minister, hand on heart, genuinely say that the Government's policies, future techno-fixes aside, are really up to the existential challenge that we all face?
I will respond to as many comments as I can. I will come to the amendment tabled by the hon. Member for Aberdeen North, but we agreed and legislated to devolve air passenger duty to the Scottish Government. The delay in so doing is unfortunate—it is not what we wished to happen—but it is a result of the Scottish Government's asking us to postpone the implementation of devolution. They did so for the perfectly understandable reason that they wished to pursue the measure with respect to the highlands and islands, but it was essentially their decision, which we respected in agreeing to postpone the turning on of devolution, if that is the right phrase, at their suggestion.
Yes, but the UK Government were trying to hand APD over in such a way that the highlands and islands exemption would no longer exist, so it would have been completely deficient and would not have operated in the way we hoped or, presumably, the way it was intended to work when its devolution was first mooted.
As I understand it, we handed it over in accordance with EU law. Negotiation has subsequently taken place between the Scottish Government and the EU, with the support of the UK Government, to try to find a satisfactory resolution. I assure the hon. Lady—I do not think she implied otherwise—that we are working as hard as we can to support the Scottish Government in that respect. In fact, my officials at the Treasury were in Edinburgh in the past couple of weeks to continue working with the Scottish Government in that regard. I hope she takes our assurance that we will continue to work productively together.
Because APD is essentially a devolved matter—although, as a result of the request, we have not yet turned it off—the Scottish Government could of course choose to carry out the review that the hon. Lady requests themselves. Alternatively, they could choose not to pursue the measure with respect to the highlands and islands and to continue with their plans for their own version of air passenger duty. I appreciate that they do not wish to do that. However, I hope that I can allay the hon. Lady's concerns by saying we are going to work as closely as possible. I do not think a review by the United Kingdom Government is necessary when the Scottish Government could proceed with one if they wished.
The hon. Lady and the hon. Member for Norwich South asked what evidence and reports we had, and what studies we had done, on the impact of reducing air passenger duty on Treasury receipts or its wider benefits to the economy and society. We reviewed the 2016 PwC report, which the hon. Lady may be aware of. We did not agree with all its conclusions in terms of cutting or abolishing APD. Its principal claim was that that would pay for itself, and we did not agree with that. APD raises £3.4 billion a year, so it is a significant revenue raiser for the Exchequer. Cutting it would put pressure on other public finances, although I appreciate that it would have some benefits in different parts of the country. Recently, our limited study on devolving air passenger duty for long-haul flights in Northern Ireland acknowledged that there could be some benefits, but it also raised a number of further questions and concerns that require further study.
The Department for Transport will publish its aviation strategy shortly. That will, I hope, answer some of the broader questions that the hon. Member for Norwich South asked about our long-term strategy and plan for this country, whether it is in technology, aviation and airport capacity or the environmental concerns he expressed.
Air passenger duty was never designed to be an environmental tax. One might argue that it could be used as an environmental tax, but that was never its primary purpose; it was a tax designed to raise revenue for the Exchequer to pay for public services. It is already the highest tax of its kind in Europe, and one of the highest in the world, so it is not clear whether increasing it substantially would make any significant difference, and doing so would, of course, come at significant cost to our competitiveness as a country. Many would like us to reduce the tax substantially, rather than to increase it materially, as the hon. Gentleman seems to suggest. I will come on to his point about the international perspective and the Chicago convention, and what progress the Government are making.
To summarise the clause, it makes changes to ensure that long-haul rates of air passenger duty for the tax year 2020-21 increase in line with the retail prices index. The change will ensure that the aviation sector continues to play its part in contributing towards funding public services. APD, as I have described, raises £3.4 billion in revenue annually, so it is an important part of our public finances. Aviation plays a crucial role in keeping Britain open for business, and the UK Government are keen to support its ongoing success. Passenger numbers travelling via UK airports have grown by more than 15% over the past five years, and the UK has the highest direct connectivity score in Europe, according to an Airports Council International Europe report. Of course, we continue to measure our competitiveness, and we want the UK to continue to have hub airports and to be as well connected to emerging markets as it can be.
The clause increases the long-haul reduced rate—economy class—by just £2; and it increases the standard rate, which is for all classes above economy, by £4. The rounding of APD rates to the nearest £1 means that short-haul rates will remain frozen for the eighth year in a row, which benefits about 80% of all airline passengers, including many of those whom the hon. Gentleman mentioned, who are on lower incomes and trying to enjoy cheaper holidays and less expensive business travel. The changes made by clause 60 will increase the long-haul APD rates for the tax year 2020-21 by RPI.
On amendments 120 and 121, which were tabled by the hon. Member for Norwich South for the Labour party, the Government recognise the importance of understanding the impact of changes to tax policy on the aviation industry. I reassure the Committee that that is done as a matter of course by the Government as we consider carefully how to proceed at every Budget. Furthermore, isolating the impact of APD on the areas highlighted in the amendments is challenging. It is better to consider such issues in a more holistic way.
As I have said, the upcoming aviation strategy to be published by the Department for Transport will be the opportunity to consider the aviation industry's impact on and role in addressing issues in such areas. I encourage the hon. Gentleman and others who take an interest in those matters to pay careful attention to that. They will have the opportunity to scrutinise the Secretary of State for Transport and other Ministers following that.
On the issue of those at the higher end of the distributional scale, in Government we have tackled that through the introduction of the additional rate for private jets. The Government are confident that those flying in that way will now pay a fairer share of tax. We were the first Government to introduce the private jet rate, and the rate for individuals flying by private jet is six times that of someone flying in economy on a commercial jet.
In terms of how we can use the tax system to tackle aviation emissions, APD is not designed to be an environmental tax. One could use it for that purpose, but it has already been set at a very high rate internationally. I am not clear that there is evidence that further material increases would make a difference. Because of international conventions—the Chicago convention and others, as I described earlier—we are unable to tax aviation fuel or any proxies for fuel. The Government remain committed to engaging actively on this agenda. I can see that the hon. Member for Oxford East is eager to intervene—she and I have discussed this previously.
Anneliese Dodds Shadow Minister (Treasury) 2:30 pm, 6th December 2018
I am grateful to the Minister for being willing to give way. He will probably remember that I asked for the concrete ways in which Government are engaging with international partners around that convention. I have not received any concrete details aside from the general aspiration to change things. Can he provide some details now?
The hon. Lady and I discussed this in a Westminster Hall debate earlier in the year. I believe I wrote to her afterwards to set this out, but perhaps she was not satisfied with the response. I am happy to revert to her with more information, but I made the point in that letter that the UK Government are committed to this, and we play a leading role internationally in discussing the future of the Chicago convention. As I also set out in the letter, several of the leading aviation nations—including the United States and Australia—have limited interest in changing the current regime, which makes it rather difficult to make the kind of progress that I suspect she would like us to make.
The Minister is being generous in giving way. It might help the Committee to know what meetings the Government have called, which Governments they have contacted to discuss the matter and what public pronouncements they have made on the subject. I have been unable to find evidence of any.
I will write to the hon. Lady again to set out some of the information. I discussed the matter with my officials in preparing for this Committee, and they listed some of the international meetings they have attended, where they represented the United Kingdom exactly as she would like us to have done.
I hope I have addressed amendment 104 in my earlier comments. This is a matter that the Scottish Government could take forward themselves, given that we have already legislated for the devolution of APD. The impacts of any future reductions in Scotland are a matter for the Scottish Government, and they will clearly become more so once we proceed to the long-term arrangement that the hon. Lady wishes for.
The changes being made by clause 60 ensure that the aviation sector continues to play its part in contributing towards the funding of our vital public services, raising £3.4 billion a year. I therefore commend the clause to the Committee.
I want to raise a couple of things before we vote on amendments 120 and 121. The Committee on Climate Change has clearly stated that we are heading towards a substantial breach of the generous headroom that has been provided for aviation in the UK. The Government are going to overshoot that, to use a pun. There is a pressing climate emergency on this planet. As we speak, millions of people—many of them in the world's poorest countries—are already being affected by climate change. My dad is from Grenada, and he has retired there. People there, and in the West Indies generally, cannot get insurance as a result of the hurricanes that destroy vast swathes of the islands year in, year out, because of climate change. I feel as though we are hearing once again from the Government about business as usual, even though a climate emergency is taking place.
I understand the APD. It is not designed as an environmental tax or a demand management tool; it is a revenue raiser. Given that we find ourselves heading towards a breach of the headroom that the Committee on Climate Change has provided, surely the Government should be looking at ways to control and push down demand for flights, so that we can begin to make a real impact on our commitments to tackling climate change. Will the Minister tell the Committee whether he plans to join our French counterparts in lobbying for tax reform on kerosene, as they will shortly talk about with the EU Commission? It seems to me that the aviation industry has enjoyed these 70-year-old tax perks and is now an established sector, but one that has yet to fully play its part in tackling climate change. This country can show leadership on that, starting with the Treasury.
I beg to ask leave to withdraw the amendment.
Amendment proposed: 120, in clause 60, page 44, line 17, at end insert—
(e) air traffic movements.".—
Ayes 8, Noes 9.
Division number 32 Finance (No. 3) Bill — Rates of duty from 1 April 2020
No: 9 MPs
(4) The matter specified in this subsection is to assess whether the rate for privately-owned and privately-chartered jets is reflective of environmental costs relative to the other rates and bands of air passenger duty.".—


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Erath est un bourg situé dans la paroisse civile de Vermilion, en Louisiane (États-Unis).

Histoire
La cité a été fondée par un émigrant suisse dénommé Auguste Érath au milieu du .

Un musée acadien, situé dans le centre-ville, retrace l'histoire de l'Acadie, de la déportation des Acadiens lors du Grand dérangement par les Anglais et de leur migration vers la Louisiane française qui accueillit des milliers de Cajuns.

En 2005, l'ouragan Rita provoqua une grosse inondation à travers la ville.

Le « Henry Hub »
À Erath se trouve le Henry Hub, un nœud important du réseau de gazoducs nord-américains : les prix du gaz naturel en Amérique du Nord sont en effet à peu près fixés à ce nœud.

Il est nommé « Henry Hub » car il se trouve dans le hameau de Henry, lequel porte ce nom du fait de la Henry High School qui s'y trouvait jusqu'à ce que l'inondation du l'ouragan Rita ne force sa fermeture et sa démolition. Cette école avait été nommée à partir de son bienfaiteur, William Henry, un immigrant danois qui était arrivé de Copenhage sous le nom de Ludwig Wilhelm Kattentidt, vers 1840, et avait abandonné son nom de famille et utilisé le second prénom de son père, Heinrich, pour en faire son nom de famille, Henry. Il y a toujours aujourd'hui des descendants de William Henry nommés Henry dans la région.

Lien externe
 Le Musée Acadien

Notes et références

Paroisse de Vermilion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Charles Agg
Historic sports car racer of some note.
Started racing in 1980 in an AC Cobra before moving onto an eight litre McLaren M8F which was campaigned in the International Supersports Cup. Charlie became the organiser for ISC in 1990 whilst running two Can-Am cars and the McLaren.
Subsequently moved onto a 1970 March 707 which recorded 209mph on the banked Daytona circuit. Having restored the car he took wins in 1999 at Paul Ricard, the Malboro Masters at Zandvoort, Silverstone, Magny Cours and the Brumos Historics at Daytona. He followed this with more wins in 2000 at Spa Francochamps, the A1 Ring in Austria, the Oldtimer GP at the Nurburgring and the Brumos Historics at Daytona.
He then progressed to the Nissan R90CK which now competes in Group C/GTP Racing. Charlie remains actively involved in assisting race organisers with his experience of motorsport, FIA and ASN. Recently won the Motor Racing Legends Group C/GTP Racing Le Mans Race.
Ted Allery 1901 - 1930
Walt Brown 1911 - 1951
Mike Spence 1936 - 1968
Guy Edwards 1942
Francois Hesnault 1942
Derek Warwick 1954
Warwick is considered to be one of the best F1 drivers never to have won a race. Currently competing in the Grand Prix Masters Series.
Johnny Herbert 1964
Won the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch in 1985. Then won the 1987 British Formula Three title. Crashed badly at Brands in F3000. Racing in F1 for a number of teams.
Damon Hill 1960
The son of the late double Formula One world champion, Graham Hill, and is the only son of a world champion to win the title, which he did in 1996. Current president of the British Racing Drivers' Club.
Jonathan Palmer 1956
He participated in 87 Formula One grands prix, debuting on September 25, 1983. He scored a total of 14 championship points, with a career best finish of 4th. In 1987 he won the Jim Clark Cup for drivers without turbocharged engines. He also had a spell as McLaren test driver in 1990.
Mark Hales 1950
Mark Hales is a highly successful racing driver, writer and publisher.


In Niagra Falls, this Courtside Inn is less than a kilometer from the Clifton Hill promenade. It has an outdoor pool and features spacious guest rooms with cable TV and free Wi-Fi.
Rooms at the Niagara Falls Courtside Inn have air conditioning and a work desk. Some feature an in-room spa tub. VCRs and hairdryers are available upon request.
Niagara Falls Courtside Inn is 2.4 km from Casino Niagara and is a 3-minute drive from Rainbow Bridge and Ripley's Believe It Or Not Museum.


Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin smiles, with his face smeared with crude oil, during a visit to a Lukoil oil platform in the Caspian Sea near Astrakhan April 28, 2010.
Budget deficit is a fascinating thing. It can turn around economies if it's large enough or it can highlight their resilience, if it turns out to be not as large as expected. The thing is, no government can be 100 percent certain in advance what budget deficit it will have to contend with in any future fiscal year.
Russia is a case in point as it recently approved its 2017 budget, which envisages a deficit of 3.2 percent of GDP - a figure comparable to the United States' 2.6 percent estimated for 2017. According to some analysts, however, such as Mauldin Economics' Jacob Shapiro, this 3.2 percent is enough to make life difficult for Moscow over the next 12 months, which is why the Kremlin should hope for higher oil prices.
In fact, Shapiro says Russia needs oil prices to be 30 percent higher just to break even.
But Moscow is in no rush, and indeed appears unfazed. Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said at the end of last year that under the three-year budget plan approved by the Duma and the President, Russia should break even in 2019, as long as oil prices remain at between $40 and $45. The 2017 budget even stipulated an oil price of $40 a barrel, with $45 per barrel earmarked for 2019.
Of course, it's generally unwise to take government officials' words at face value, but given that Russia survived 2016 with a deficit of 3.7 percent and that non-oil exports apparently compensated for much of the lower oil revenues, chances are it will also survive 2017 without emptying its reserve fund.
In fact, this is what seems to be the consensus of 47 analysts polled by Bloomberg, as cited by TASS. The consensus stance is that inflation in Russia will fall to 5.1 percent from 2016's 5-6 percent, and the budget deficit will fall to 3 percent. The analysts also believe GDP growth will be 1.1 percent this year, up from a contraction of 0.5 percent, according to data from the Economic Development Ministry.
Crude oil production in Russia increased by 2.5 percent last year, reaching a post-Soviet record in the last quarter. Yet now, it will have to cut, as it agreed to support OPEC's efforts to restore the market balance in crude oil. The undertaking is for 300,000 bpd, to be eliminated gradually.
According to Shapiro, this automatically means 300,000 bpd will be taken out of exports. These numbers, however, can be easily manipulated, particularly considering Russia's plans to actually increase exports from 2016's 253.5 million tons, although just slightly. What's more, this 300,000 bpd cut, as it became clear late last year thanks to remarks from Lukoil's Vice-President, will actually not hurt average production - it will most likely be taken out as part of a seasonal reduction in overall output that takes place in the spring.
One further consideration to make is the fact the country's total output reached a new post-Soviet record of over 11.2 million barrels per day in November. The precise figure, according to Deputy Energy Minister Kirill Molodtsov, was 11.231 million barrels. And it is from this production level that Russia will take off the 300,000 bpd it agreed to cut to help OPEC in its market rebalancing efforts. A record-high figure that it's not obliged - and is probably unable at the moment - to maintain.
In other words, making calculations based on assumptions in this case might make for sensational headlines, but the reality is probably quite different. Aside from the discrepancies between these assumptions and government data, there are also other external factors to consider.
Perhaps the more important question to ask is not when Russia will break even but rather why is it only stipulating an average oil price of US$40 in its 2017. It's already factored in a gloomy oil price scenario, and it's already budgeted for OPEC output cut cheating in 2017.
If the West is waiting for oil prices to crush Russia this year, it is likely waiting in vain. Russia will be just fine.


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Asking For It at The Everyman: Powerful, provocative, hard-hitting, shocking
Lauren Coe, who plays Emma, during a scene from Asking for It.
Saturday, June 16, 2018 - 10:48 AM
By Marjorie Brennan
I thought I knew what I was in for going to see Asking For It. Powerful, provocative, hard-hitting, shocking.
These were the words cropping up in the stream of social media dispatches from the previews of the production, staged as part of the Cork Midsummer Festival.
The play, adapted from the book by Cork writer Louise O'Neill, is certainly all these things but it is also much more.
While it centres on the aftermath of a sexual assault at a party, the play is also a sharply observed and at times wincingly true-to-life portrayal of a family and its disintegration. As such, it is also funny, infuriating and unbearably sad.
Much of the book is an interior monologue from Emma, and director Annabelle Comyn and Meadhbh McHugh, who has adapted the book for the stage, cleverly maintain that intimate connection with the audience through recorded audio, keeping Emma's voice immediate rather than retrospective.
The exuberance and restless energy of youth is well captured, the push-pull dynamic of female friendship realistically conveyed, while the boys' desperate eagerness to belong and their efforts at innuendo and banter are cringingly convincing.
The set design is deceptively simple, blocks of panelled perspex shifting to represent bedroom, school, clubhouse and party, blurred images and disembodied voices mirroring Emma's sense of disorientation as what is a "great sesh" for the lads becomes a life-destroying event for her.
The rape scenes are conveyed through conversations off-stage, the impact reinforced by disembodied voices representing the vicious taunts on social media, tormenting and torturing Emma.
While at the start of the play, Emma can't wait to get away from small-town life and the suffocating attentions of her mother, after the assault, she cannot bear to leave the house, and agonises about losing her mother's support.
The claustrophobia she feels is shared by the audience, with most of the action in the second half confined to the family kitchen, the mundanity of domesticity masking the resentment and recriminations roiling beneath the surface.
The cast is one of the strongest elements of a skilfully-realised production, which stays true to the soul of the book.
Lauren Coe ably carries the weight of an extremely demanding role, with Venetia Bowe also shining in her role as frenemy Zoe, who is struggling with her own secret.
Breathtaking. Powerful. Important. Heartbreaking... The feedback from #AskingForIt previews has been incredible. And tonight we raise the curtain on the official world premiere of this production. Join the conversation https://t.co/68CC5MTlsE pic.twitter.com/DFOTd2ifsp
— The Everyman (@EverymanCork) June 15, 2018
Ali White gives a note-perfect performance as Emma's mum, trying to keep up appearances while "wishing she had the luxury of a nervous breakdown".
Frank McCusker as Dad is responsible for one of the most affecting moments of the night. When he finally breaks down, it is like a pressure valve being released for the audience, the sobs and sniffles clearly audible around the theatre.
There were tears too but they were silently shed, wiped away as the audience rose to their feet to give a well-deserved standing ovation, and a fitting homecoming for O'Neill.
Asking For ItEverymanCorkTheatreReviewTOPIC: NONE
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text:
Port Mulgrave is:

 Port Mulgrave, North Yorkshire a hamlet within the civil parish of Hinderwell of North Yorkshire, England
 an 18th-century name for Yakutat Bay
 a 19th-century name for Mulgrave, Nova Scotia


For a few years now we've been driving from San Francisco to Arcata for Thanksgiving. Dining options are slim pickings off the 101. However, this year we spied a sign advertising BBQ by the Safeway. It turned out to be the Pheonix Bread Company where we enjoyed BBQ pork ribs and a brisket sandwich. We couldn't resist picking up a couple of loaves of camelized onion bread to add to the Thanksgiving feast. We stopped again on our way back to eat some more BBQ, and returning home with pumpkin bread, some chicken vole-au-vents and the biggest sticky bun I have ever seen.
If you are ever heading up north that way. Don't miss it. Youll find it just after entering Willits through the famous archway, apparently adopted from Reno, Nevada which it declared as the "Biggest Little City in the World" and now hails Willits as the "Gateway to the Redwoods." (via onroute). Take a right into parking lot, it's tucked away between the Safeway and a video store.


Ten Letters for Christians From Satan: So, you think some sins are worse than others?
James 2:26: "...faith without deeds is dead."
Not a Christian? Check out this link!
Purchase Ten Letters for Christians from Satan today!
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This blog is written as if Satan were speaking to Christians and churchgoers. It is designed to get you thinking.
Want to know my heart?
So, you think some sins are worse than others?
Don't pray. It's okay. Trust me.
My, how you did me proud today!
Looking down your nose at that woman you saw on the street corner today. Oh, you knew "what kind of woman" she was, didn't you? How disgusting! "How can any woman do that!" you thought. You quickly crossed to the other side of the street so as to avoid her, but not before you looked her up and down, wrinkling your nose, tsk tsking at her. Oh, you made sure she knew you did not approve of her lifestyle. The cross around your neck, glinting in the sunlight was a nice touch, too.
Did you notice the tear that slipped down her cheek as she lowered her head? No, I thought not. She will remember you for years to come, though.
You would never do something so vile as she does! You are so much better than that! Good for you to not associate with "those kinds" of people!
I have no problem accepting her into my place. She is my kind of people!
Thanks for another soul to torment!
In 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, we find a list of people that will not inherit the kingdon of God. Note that the list lumps together prostitutes, idolaters and thieves with "slanderers" and "swindlers" - so that tells me that sin is sin - and we are all guilty of it.
The next verse (v. 11) goes on to say, "....and that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ...."
No sin is too great for God too forgive. No sin is too horrible for Christ to take away. The only thing that makes me different from the prostitute or thief or whatever is that I am saved. Christ took my sin. And He can take theirs, too.
But it will take Christians who love unconditionally to bring the message of that love to those who need it.
This one was great! Right on Shay!


text:
DKM College for Women > Research
The institution promotes and monitors creation of new knowledge in an ethical and evidence based research environment which is disseminated through publication and research to meet the emerging social and industrial needs. The institution encourages staff doing research. They are allowed to make use of the available infrastructure facilities in the campus. Several research projects are approved by UGC, MHRD and TNSCST during this period for which all necessary facilities were provided by the management.
The college promotes research by constituting the committee consists of the faculty members who have completed their Ph.D. The committee mainly motivates and insists the faculty members to register for Ph. D, to publish papers in reputed scientific journals, books and to apply for major & minor projects. A good number of papers have been published in national and international journals. Similarly the number of Ph. D holders has increased from 5 in 2007-08 to 10 in 2012-13 and 3 members have submitted their Ph. D thesis and the number of M. Phil scholars has also increased. Research projects were approved by UGC and TNSCST during this period for which all necessary facilities were provided by the management.
The college management encourages the faculties to do research. Mrs. R. Padmaja of Commerce Department was permitted to go under F.I.P scheme of UGC to pursue Ph. D during 2011-12 at Madras University. The chemistry Department started full time/part time M. Phil and Research program in the year 2009. At present the following departments of Mathematics, Zoology, Commerce, and History from aided stream were given recognition for the Ph. D programme by Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore.
The unaided stream of our college has M. Phil programme from 2009 onwards in the following departments Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Nutrition, Commerce, Computer Science, Business Administration, and English
As a result of committee's efforts, students have come out with lot of research initiatives. Research thrust has been infused into the M. Sc students who are carrying out projects. M. Phil students are working on their dissertation. The formation of research groups in every department has also motivated them further.
The college encourages students to visit various research institutions to gain research knowledge. The management and the college stimulate faculty members to conduct International, National level conferences, seminars and workshops. Eminent scientists of various disciplines are invited for special lectures in their specialized areas.
Collaborative researches are undertaken by the staff and students of different Departments with other institution in India and abroad and papers are presented in conferences and published in journals.


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Noël Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (* 9. Dezember 1900 in London; † 24. März 1995 in Cambridge) war ein britischer Sinologe und arbeitete als Biochemiker auf dem Gebiet der chinesischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte.

Biografie und Bedeutung
Needham war der einzige Sohn von Joseph Needham, einem schottischen Arzt, und von Alicia Adélaide Needham, einer französisch-irischen Komponistin. Er absolvierte die Oundle School in Oundle und studierte an der Universität Cambridge, wo er 1921 seinen Bachelorgrad erhielt und 1925 promoviert. Danach arbeitete er als Biochemiker am Labor von Frederick Gowland Hopkins des Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge, vor allem über Embryologie und Morphogenese. 1936 hatte er Kontakt zu drei chinesischen Gastwissenschaftlern in seinem Labor. Eine Studentin, Lu Gwei-djen (Lu Guizhen, 1904–1991), Tochter eines Apothekers in Nanking, mit der er eine Affäre hatte und die er 1989 zwei Jahre nach dem Tod seiner ersten Frau Dorothy Moyle heiratete, lehrte ihn chinesische Schrift und brachte ihn auf die Idee, nach China zu reisen.

Er verbrachte als Wissenschaftler die Jahre von 1943 bis 1946 in Chongqing, wo er im Auftrag der Royal Society ein Projekt für chinesisch-britischen wissenschaftlichen Austausch leitete. Needham fand Kontakt zu chinesischen Gelehrten und Künstlern und reiste durch China. Er fand Hinweise, dass eine Reihe technischer Errungenschaften wie der Buchdruck, der Kompass, das Schießpulver, Hängebrücken und das Toilettenpapier, in China schon lange bekannt waren, bevor sie im Westen verbreitet waren. 1945 erschien sein erstes Buch dazu: Chinese Science. 1954 veröffentlichte er den ersten Band seines vielbändigen Werks Science and Civilisation in China, eines Standardwerks auf dem Gebiet der chinesischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte, das allerdings nicht unumstritten ist. Insbesondere wurde kritisiert, dass er die Bedeutung chinesischer Erfindungen übertrieben habe. Das Werk wurde von Coautoren auch nach seinem Tod fortgesetzt. Er verwendete für dieses Werk ein eigens geschaffenes Transkriptionssystem, eine modifizierte Wade-Giles-Transkription, die u. a. dessen übermäßigen Gebrauch von Apostrophzeichen bei aspirierten Anlauten vermeidet, indem es den Apostroph durch den Buchstaben h ersetzt. Für die Frage, warum der Westen trotz des früheren hohen Standes der chinesischen Wissenschaft diese am Ende überholte (Needhams Grand Question) machte Needham die Einflüsse des Konfuzianismus und Daoismus verantwortlich.

1946 leitete er die Abteilung Naturwissenschaften bei der UNESCO in Paris und kehrte 1948 ans Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge zurück, wo er sich hauptsächlich chinesischer Wissenschaftsgeschichte widmete, aber auch noch bis 1966 Biochemie unterrichtete. 1966 wurde er Master des Caius and Gonville College. 1990 ging er in den Ruhestand. Seit 1982 litt er an der Parkinsonkrankheit.

Infolge des Koreakrieges stand er 1952/53 einer internationalen Kommission vor, die US-amerikanische Kriegsverbrechen, bezüglich des Einsatzes biologischer Kampfstoffe in Nordkorea, feststellte. Nach Angaben seines Biographen Simon Winchester war er allerdings ein naiver Bewunderer des Kommunismus, der in diesem Zusammenhang von den Nordkoreanern hinters Licht geführt wurde. Needhams Beteiligung an dieser Kommission führte auch dazu, dass er in den USA bis in die 1970er Jahre auf einer "schwarzen Liste" stand. 1965 gründete er mit dem ehemaligen Diplomaten Derek Bryan die Gesellschaft für Englisch-Chinesische Verständigung, über die lange Jahre Visum-Anträge von Briten laufen mussten, die China besuchen wollten.

Trivia
Neben seinem ursprünglichen Namen trug er auch einen chinesischen Rufnamen. Bei viele Sinologen und in China selbst ist er überwiegend als Li Yuese () bekannt.

Ehrungen und Auszeichnungen
Needham wurde 1968 mit der George-Sarton-Medaille ausgezeichnet, dem höchst renommierten Preis für Wissenschaftsgeschichte der History of Science Society (HSS). Im gleichen Jahr erhielt er zudem die Leonardo-da-Vinci-Medaille, den wichtigsten Preis für Technikgeschichte der Society for the History of Technology (SHOT). Außerdem wurde ihm 1984 der J. D. Bernal Prize zuerkannt. 1979 erhielt er den Dexter Award für Chemiegeschichte. 1941 wurde er Fellow der Royal Society und 1971 der British Academy, 1972 wurde er in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences gewählt, 1978 in die National Academy of Sciences. 1992 erhielt er von der Queen die Companionship of Honour. In Cambridge ist eine "Joseph Needham Professorship of chinese history, science and civilization" sowie das 1985 eröffnete Needham Research Institute auf dem Gelände des Robinson College nach ihm benannt.

Werke

Englischsprachige Ausgaben von "Science and Civilisation in China"
Die Reihe wird vom Needham Forschungsinstitut fortgesetzt und erschien bei Cambridge University Press.

 Band 1: Introductory Orientations (mit seinem Forschungsassistenten Wang Ling), 1954
 Band 2: History of Scientific Thought, 1956 (mit Wang Ling)
 Band 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and Earth, 1959 (mit Wang Ling)
 Band 4:
 Teil 1 Physics (mit Kenneth Girdwood Robinson, Wang Ling), 1962
 Teil 2 Mechanical Engineering, 1965 (mit Wang Ling)
 Teil 3 Civil Engineering and Nautics (mit Wang Ling, Lu Gwei-djen) 1971
 Band 5 Chemistry and Chemical Technology:
 Teil 1 Paper and Printing (mit Tsie Tsuen-Hsuin) 1985
 Teil 2 Magisteries of Gold and Immortality (mit Lu Gwei-djen) 1974
 Teil 3 Historical Survey, from Cinnabar Elixirs to Synthetic Insulin (mit Ho Ping-Yu, Lu Gwei-djen) 1976
 Teil 4 Apparatus and Theory (mit Lu Gwei-djen und Nathan Sivin) 1980
 Teil 5 Spagyrical Discovery and Invention: Physiological Alchemy (mit Lu Gwei-djen) 1983
 Teil 6 Military Technology: Missiles and Sieges (mit Robin D. S. Yates, Krzysztof Gawlikowski, Edward McEwen, Wang Ling) 1994
 Teil 7 The Gunpowder Epic (mit Ho Ping-Yu, Lu Gwei-Djen, Wang Ling) 1987
 Teil 8 – [?]
 Teil 9 Textile Technology: Spinning and Reeling (mit Dieter Kuhn) 1988
 Teil 10 – [?]
 Teil 11 Ferrous Metallurgy (mit Donald B. Wagner), 2008
 Teil 12 Ceramic Technology (mit Rose Kerr, Nigel Wood, Tsa'i Mei-fen, Zhang Fukang), 2004
 Teil 13 Mining (mit Peter Golas) 1999
 Band 6 Biology and Biological Technology:
 Teil 1 Botany (mit Lu Gwei-djen, Huang Hsing-Tsung) 1986
 Teil 2 Agriculture (mit Francesca Bray) 1984
 Teil 3 Agroindustries and Forestry (Christian A. Daniels, Nicholas K. Menzies) 1996
 Teil 4 Traditional Botany: an ethnobotanical approach (Georges Métailie) 2015
 Teil 5 Fermentation and Food Science (Huang Hsing-Tsung) 2000
 Teil 6 Medicine 2000 (Lu Gwei-djen, Nathan Sivin) 2000
 Band 7: Social Background:
 Teil 1 Language and Logic in Traditional China (Christoph Harbsmeier), 1998
 Teil 2 General Conclusions and Reflections (Kenneth Girdwood Robinson, Ray Huang), 2000
Eine kürzere Fassung gab Colin Ronan in fünf von 1980 bis 1995 erschienenen Bänden heraus (The Shorter Science and Civilisation: An abridgement of Joseph Needham's original text).

Deutschsprachige Ausgaben
 Chinas Bedeutung für die Zukunft der westlichen Welt. Dt. China-Gesellschaft, Köln 1977.
 Wissenschaft und Zivilisation in China. Teil 1. Übers.: Rainer Herbster. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1984, ISBN 3-518-57692-5; Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 754, 1988. ISBN 3-518-28354-5.
 Wissenschaftlicher Universalismus. Über Bedeutung und Besonderheit der chinesischen Wissenschaft. Hrsg., Übers.: Tilman Spengler. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1993; Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 264, ISBN 3-518-27864-9.

Weitere Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
 mit L. Wang und Derek de Solla Price: Heavenly Clockwork. The great astronomical clocks of medieval China. Cambridge University Press, 1960.
 mit Lu Gwei-Djen: The coming of ardent water. In: Ambix. Band 19, 1972, S. 69–112.

Literatur
 Gregory Blue: Joseph Needham – A Publication History. In: Chinese Science. Nr. 14, 1997, S. 90–132
 Maurice Goldsmith: Joseph Needham : 20th century Renaissance man. Unesco Publications, Paris 1995, ISBN 92-3-103192-9
 Sushil Kumar Mukherjee (Hrsg.): The life and works of Joseph Needham. Asiatic Society, Calcutta 1997, ISBN
 S. Irfan Habib, Dhruv Raina (Hrsg.): Situating the history of science: dialogues with Joseph Needham. Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2001, ISBN 0-19-564639-8
 Simon Winchester: Bomb, book and compass: Joseph Needham and the great secrets of China. Viking, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-670-91378-7
 Simon Winchester: Der Mann, der China liebte. Wie ein exzentrischer Engländer unser Bild vom Reich der Mitte neu bestimmte. Albrecht Knaus, München 2009, ISBN 978-3-8135-0287-9.

Weblinks

  – Eintrag zu Joseph Needman

Einzelnachweise

Wissenschaftshistoriker
Biochemiker
Sinologe
Mitglied der British Academy
Mitglied der Royal Society
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences
Mitglied des Order of the Companions of Honour
Brite
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1995
Mann


text:
Q: Compare two files and print Available and NotFound I would like to compare the second field from F11.txt and first field from F22.txt. Then, print the matching cases as "Available" and non matching cases as "NotFound".
Inputs:
F11.txt
a,10,zzz
b,20,zzz
c,50,zzz

F22.txt
10,yyy
20,yyy
30,yyy
40,yyy

Have tried the below command,
awk -F "," 'NR==FNR{a[$1]=$0;next}{print $0 "," (a[$2]?a[$2]:"NotFound")  }' f22.txt f11.txt

Got the below output:
a,10,zzz,10,yyy
b,20,zzz,20,yyy
c,50,zzz,NotFound

where to change the command to print as Available instead of printing the line items from F22.txt for match cases.
Expected output:
a,10,zzz,Available
b,20,zzz,Available
c,50,zzz,NotFound

Update Question:
How to include one more condition if the field $4 is not null then print Avilable & NotFound into the 4th field itself
example Input: F11.txt
a,10,zzz
b,20,zzz,yyy
c,50,zzz

Expected Output:
a,10,zzz,Available
b,20,zzz,yyy
c,50,zzz,NotFound

A: Use this:
awk -F "," 'NR==FNR{a[$1]=$0;next}{print $0 "," (a[$2]?"Available":"NotFound")  }' f22.txt f11.txt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Delete a row from Datagridview c# I have 2 datagridviews.
datagridview 1 - I have item name, item price, add/remove button ( a toggle btn).
datagridview 2 - The items added from dgv1 will be populated in dgv2.
When remove button from dgv1 is clicked, the added item should be removed from dgv2.
How to achieve this ?
Thanks,

A: If you put your rows into a DataTable then life would be very easy:
var dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("Text");
dt.Columns.Add("IsInGrid2", typeof(bool));

datagridView1.DataSource = dt;

var dv  = new DataView(dt);
dv.RowFilter = "[IsInGrid2] = True";
datagridView2.DataSource = dv;

dt.Rows.Add("I'm in grid 1 only", false);
dt.Rows.Add("I'm in both grids", true);

Now if you toggle the boolean in the row, it will/not appear in grid2 accordingly. To remove a row from both grids, delete it from the table:
//make both rows appear in the grid 2
dt.Rows[0]["IsInGrid2"] = true;

//remove first row from both grids:
dt.Rows.RemoveAt(0);


Can somebody, anybody tell me where the gorgeous Cat Deeley got her gorgeous white dress for the Veuve Clicquot Polo Event last week? Slightly obsessed with it - and she looks amazing! Incredible what a bit of a sun and some yoga can do for you... And no carbs. She looks classic and just very well turned out - mega jealous!
Her dress is so gorgeous. We love the details of her dress which creates a stunning effect on her look.


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text:
1956 Claude 2015
Claude Edward Lewis
March 3, 1956 — April 15, 2015
CLAUDE EDWARD LEWIS Claude Edward Lewis was born in Dallas, Texas on March 3, 1956 to Edward Jackson Lewis and Mary Rebecca Cassel. Claude passed away in a Dallas, Texas hospital on April 15, 2015. Claude was raised in the Pleasant Grove community in Dallas and that is where he lived the most part of his life. He moved to Kemp, 2010. Claude was an automobile and motorcycle mechanic and a carpenter for all of his life. He was a member of the Blackjack Missionary Baptist Church. Claude is survived by his sons: Claude Eric Lewis and his wife Melissa of Mesquite, Texas, Cobey Lewis and his wife Gina of Talty, Texas and Corey Lewis and his wife Patty of Burleson, Texas, brother: Jimmy Lewis of Kaufman, sisters: Waynona Summers of Whitewright, Texas, Jackie Weishman of Kemp, Texas, Jo Ellen Monzel of Cumberland, Maryland and Bobbie Vick of Allen, Texas, grandchildren: Chaz Lewis, Cayla Lewis, Chilton Lewis and Coda Lewis and other relatives and friends.
To order memorial trees or send flowers to the family in memory of Claude Edward Lewis, please visit our flower store.
Blackjack Missionary Baptist Church
12173 Co Rd 124, Kaufman, TX 75142


text:
Christian Band We Love: Everfound
By Team Project Inspired
How Justin Bieber Is Leaning Into His Christian Faith to Build a Healthy Marriage
PI Contributor - September 22, 2020 0
Pop singer Justin Bieber hails from a small town in Ontario, Canada, where he found fame online at the young age of 13. Now...
Sadie Robertson Shares How Faith Keeps Her Rooted in Her Identity
Between facing peer pressure and deciding what to do with the rest of your life, there is a lot of uncertainty that comes along...
We love finding new music to share with you girls, so we're super excited to introduce one of our new favorite bands, Everfound! Have you heard of them?
The group is made up of four Russian-born brothers now living in Denver, Colorado. They have an awesome story, as their parents learned about and accepted Jesus after hearing the gospel on the radio stations set up by American missionaries before the fall of the Soviet Union. Their great uncle spent 20 years in prison for owning a Bible. These tough situations helped inspire them to boldly share their love of God through music. "The fact that our music is clearly heard all around the world," says Nikita Odnoralov, the band's lead singer and keyboardist, "[is] truly humbling."
Though the Odnoralovs had always enjoyed music and grew up with instruments, the actual formation of the band happened naturally. After attending a church that didn't have a worship band, the brothers played a battle of the bands and started getting calls from local churches about playing. The band really took off and began to evolve.
"When we wrote songs about [our] experiences, people connected to them," Ruslan, one of the brothers, says. "People began to write us letters telling us, 'I feel like a misfit in my class' or 'I'm not accepted by people in my school.' We started to get more and more letters. God started showing us that this is what we're supposed to be doing."
Taking inspiration from their family history and the letters they were receiving, the band funneled their experiences into their music and took it to the people, producing four albums to date. "As Christians, what do we exist for?" Nikita asks. "Jesus said love your neighbor and love God. If those kids didn't write those letters, we wouldn't be here. We want to provide an experience for our audience that's impactful. We want to take them on a journey with us. That's why we strive to give 110 percent every night on stage. At a show, we want our fans to feel and experience the low valleys and the high peaks that inspired our songs in the first place."
So where might you have already heard them? Their song "What Love Means" was included on the "inspired‐by" soundtrack of the History Channel miniseries The Bible, and they also played at a kickoff event for Rick Warren's Saddleback Church. Afterward, Warren tweeted, "Mark my word: This band is going to be HUGE!"
Hear them tell their story here:
And check out one of their songs:
Girls, have you heard of the band? Were you already a fan? What do you think of their music? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!
Previous articleDo You Cultivate a Thankful Heart?
Next articleThe AWESOME List, Featuring Casting Crowns' New Single!
Team Project Inspired
We here at Project Inspired want to guide and inspire teen girls to be true to themselves and to God. We want to show young girls how to be people of value and confidence – how to be your own best selves – through leading a Christian life. Who are we? We're a team of girls, like you. We edit the site, we post to social media, we hang out in the chat rooms and forums. We talk with you, we listen to you, and we love you!
Anna Terekhina November 21, 2013 At 12:28
Awesome!!! Классная группа!! хочется слушать и слушать!! :))
Hannah Jones November 21, 2013 At 13:33
What does that mean? 🙂
It means "A great band! makes me want to listen and listen to there songs!" :))
halinaleskiv November 30, 2013 At 13:28
I understood that. 😀 (I'm Ukrainian not Russian though. But they're very similar.
I've never heard of them before, but their story is really interesting and I love the song "Never Beyond Repair". I'll have to check out some more of their music. 🙂
taylor struckmeier November 21, 2013 At 16:52
I LOVE Everfound!!! I saw them perform at Winter Jam last Saturday and they are amazing you guys. Like seriously.
madaleine drake November 21, 2013 At 16:56
So just believe just BELIEVE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Wow! An amazing band!
GodGirl323 November 21, 2013 At 17:02
Everfound is my FAVORITE! My youth pastor gave me their cd last year and I've loved them ever since! 🙂
Bethany Caudill November 21, 2013 At 19:44
Oh wow! They are fantastic! 🙂
olburrows November 21, 2013 At 20:18
So glad you ladies featured my favorite band on here! I've been a fan for a few years, when their music really wasn't as well known, but I'm happy they have gotten this far in their career and continue to grow and have more and more fans who support them. Thanks so much for the great article and the video!
Cami Free November 22, 2013 At 07:38
I've seen them in concert!! They're awesome!
Noelle Miller November 22, 2013 At 08:02
They are one of my favorite bands! 🙂
Hannah Stone November 22, 2013 At 10:40
Oh! They are the ones who sing that song! I love it! I hear it all the time on the Christian radio!
Rachel Whitman November 23, 2013 At 08:56
I was at a Dare2Share conference this past February, and that was when I was introduced to them (and the first time that I was really at a Christian concert of that size.) I sang their song "Never Beyond Repair" for my school's talent show last school year.
One time after that, I was listening to our local Christian radio station, and the song "Never Beyond Repair" came on. I recognized the song immediately. Then the Skillet song "American Noise" came on right after that, and that only strengthened my opinion that Everfound and Skillet should do a collaboration (or collaberation; I don't know how to spell it).
Mikaela Plank November 24, 2013 At 16:02
I saw them at a Dare to Share conference earlier this year. They led worship and had a concert. I like their music, but unfortunately did not have enough money to buy a CD. 🙁 I hope to see them come out with more music soon. 🙂
Charlotte Christian November 23, 2013 At 17:24
I heard them in concerts a while ago, got my cd and poster signed by them and got to meet them after the concert. Love them and their music 😀
josie9884 November 23, 2013 At 17:44
Well, I'll be honest I did not know them. 🙂 But, I am digging their story and loving their music now. 😀
Hannah Wade November 23, 2013 At 18:18
I love Everfound! They're a terrific band.
Jesusfreak1415 November 24, 2013 At 11:47
I love Everfound!!! At first, I wasn't sure I knew who they were, but then I listened to the song and realized that I've heard that song on the radio before! They are my new favorite band!
Leanne Spencer November 24, 2013 At 19:06
I just learned of them about a year ago, I immediately fell in love with their passion and songs. I love them and am glad that they can inspire so many people. 🙂
Bridget Ruffing November 26, 2013 At 17:28
I adore Everfound! I saw them in concert with Sanctus Real on the Run tour, and they were so amazing. I was standing close to the stage, and the lead singer walked up to me and held my hand while he sang! It was awesome, and I got pictures and autographs with them afterwards, they were so sweet!
Sarah Hanson November 29, 2013 At 10:54
Woah! This is awesome!! Totally going to go on itunes right now!!
Katie Oliver November 29, 2013 At 16:27
Wow their story is amazing, and the song was good too!
MeganSiebrecht November 29, 2013 At 18:58
Just saw them at Winter Jam on the 16th. They are really awesome people!
Sarah R Frost December 3, 2013 At 09:53
I luv luv luvvvv them!!
Christina Bless December 31, 2013 At 12:43
Never heard of them before now. Can you say new favorite band? Great music and message.
Janelle Cummings March 17, 2014 At 14:43
they are awesome!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Hannah Beaulieu April 18, 2014 At 14:38
i looooovvvve ever found! they are wonderful guys and powerful musicians! I met them last week and they are the funniest, cutest, most adorable russians you could ever meet!


Keyword search is a popular technique for querying the ever growing repositories of RDF graph data on the Web. This is due to the fact that the users do not need to master complex query languages (e.g., SQL, SPARQL) and they do not need to know the underlying structure of the data on the Web to compose their queries. Keyword search is simple and flexible. However, it is at the same time ambiguous since a keyword query can be interpreted in different ways. This feature of keyword search poses at least two challenges: (a) identifying relevant results among a multitude of candidate results, and (b) dealing with the performance scalability issue of the query evaluation algorithms.
In the literature, multiple schema-unaware approaches are proposed to cope with the above challenges. Some of them identify as relevant results only those candidate results which maintain the keyword instances in close proximity. Other approaches filter out irrelevant results using their structural characteristics or rank and top-k process the retrieved results based on statistical information about the data. In any case, these approaches cannot disambiguate the query to identify the intent of the user and they cannot scale satisfactorily when the size of the data and the number of the query keywords grow. In recent years, different approaches tried to exploit the schema (structural summary) of the RDF (Resource Description Framework) data graph to address the problems above. In this context, an original hierarchical clustering technique is introduced in this dissertation. This approach clusters the results based on a semantic interpretation of the keyword instances and takes advantage of relevance feedback from the user. The clustering hierarchy uses pattern graphs which are structured queries and clustering together result graphs with the same structure. Pattern graphs represent possible interpretations for the keyword query. By navigating though the hierarchy the user can select the pattern graph which is relevant to her intent.
Nevertheless, structural summaries are approximate representations of the data and, therefore, might return empty answers or miss results which are relevant to the user intent. To address this issue, a novel approach is presented which combines the use of the structural summary and the user feedback with a relaxation technique for pattern graphs to extract additional results potentially of interest to the user. Query caching and multi-query optimization techniques are leveraged for the efficient evaluation of relaxed pattern graphs. Although the approaches which consider the structural summary of the data graph are promising, they require interaction with the user.
It is claimed in this dissertation that without additional information from the user, it is not possible to produce results of high quality from keyword search on RDF data with the existing techniques. In this regard, an original keyword query language on RDF data is introduced which allows the user to convey his intention flexibly and effortlessly by specifying cohesive keyword groups. A cohesive group of keywords in a query indicates that its keywords should form a cohesive unit in the query results. It is experimentally demonstrated that cohesive keyword queries improve the result quality effectively and prune the search space of the pattern graphs efficiently compared to traditional keyword queries. Most importantly, these benefits are achieved while retaining the simplicity and the convenience of traditional keyword search.
The last issue addressed in this dissertation is the diversification problem for keyword search on RDF data. The goal of diversification is to trade off relevance and diversity in the results set of a keyword query in order to minimize the dissatisfaction of the average user. Novel metrics are developed for assessing relevance and diversity along with techniques for the generation of a relevant and diversified set of query interpretations for a keyword query on an RDF data graph. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the metrics and the efficiency of the approach.
Dass, Ananya, "Schema-aware keyword search on linked data" (2016). Dissertations. 67.


text:
Today's Movie Teaser: The Amazing Spider-Man 2 New Year's Clip
It's a wild web of New Year's Eve action
By Lily Rothman Jan. 02, 2014
New Spider-Man: No More Mr. Nice Guy
What's with All the Lizards in The Amazing Spider-Man?
In case you missed it on New Year's Eve/Day — if you were too busy celebrating to watch movie trailers, we understand — here's a look at the latest teaser for the upcoming The Amazing Spider-Man 2, which was shown at the Times Square New Year's Eve celebrations earlier this week.
Executive producer Stan Lee introduces the brief clip of — you guessed it — Times Square on New Year's, where Spidey (Andrew Garfield) swings to the rescue when Electro, played by Jamie Foxx, shows up to do some damage.
The movie, which also stars Emma Stone as Gwen Stacey, is scheduled to open on May 2.
(WATCH: The Full Amazing Spider-Man 2 Trailer)


Every day at 19:45 and 20:45 . In the summer season, we usually add another group at 21:45.
The Pub Crawl always runs. Every night. No matter what happens.
WHERE IS THE MEETING POINT? WHAT TIME DO YOU OPEN / CLOSE?
Our meeting point is the Ticket Office (Celetna 12, Prague 1). That's just a few steps from Old Town Square and the Astronomical Clock, in the passage between the Chocolate Museum and the Torture Museum. Our office is open from 09:00 to 22:00. Summertime till 22:30.
One hour of unlimited, drink-all-you-can beer, wine, vodka and absinthe at the first bar. The entrance to 2-3 more bars and clubs. One welcome shot at each place. The entrance fee to Karlovy Lazne (regular price 250,- CZK), the legendary five-story club.
IF WE ARE IN GROUP DO WEE NEED RESERVATION?
If you are in the group from 30 on please send us an email to info@pubcrawl.cz and we will send you further information.
Yes! The unlimited drinks are only for 1 HOUR at the beginning of the tour. You will receive a WELCOME SHOT at each bar on the way but you need to pay for other drinks. Having said that you are very likely to find drinking in Prague very cheap.
The price is 550,- CZK or 22,- EUR per person. We accept Euros online as well as at our ticket office.
The T-Shirt is not included in the price. However, you may buy one at a discounted rate for just 100,- CZK or 4,- EUR.
At the ticket office, we only accept cash (Czech Crowns and Euros) but we have an ATM in the ticket office. Also, you may buy tickets online using Paypal or credit card. Some of the bars accept credit cards with a minimum amount. Generally, it's always a good idea to have some Czech Crowns on you.
Please wear something. That's about it. It's easier to walk in flats than heels, especially when drunk and taking into account Prague's medieval, cobble-stoned streets.
WHAT TIME DOES THE 5-STORY NIGHT CLUB CLOSE?
Karlovy Lazne closes at 05:00.
It depends on what you like to drink. Beer prices vary from ca. 40,- to 80,- CZK. Cocktails vary from 85,- to 195,- CZK. It's definitely cheaper than most cities. Please be aware that some places don't accept cards.
You can buy our tickets directly on this website or come to our ticket office on Celetna 12 (located in the passage between the Chocolate Museum and the Museum of Torture.) From May till October, we are very busy so the earliest you can reserve the better. We do accept reservations all the way up to the point of the start times but we cannot guarantee availability.


The following is an alphabetical list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Louisiana.
January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1973 Presumed dead after private plane went missing over Alaska October 16, 1972. Seat declared vacant at beginning of the 93rd Congress.
Effingham Lawrence March 3, 1875 -March 4, 1875 Democratic 1st Sypher's 1872 re-election was successfully contested by Effingham Lawrence. After a protracted court intervention, Lawrence was declared elected March 3, 1869.
J. Hale Sypher July 18, 1868 – March 3, 1875 Republican 1st Sypher's 1872 re-election was successfully contested by Effingham Lawrence. House decided neither candidate entitled to seat, and was declared vacant March 4, 1869. Sypher lost, but only after the original returns were certified in his favor. He was seated July 18, 1868, until after a protracted court intervention, Lawrence was declared elected March 3, 1869.
As of January 2017[update], there are twenty-seven former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from the U.S. State of Louisiana who are currently living at this time. The most recent and most recently serving representative to die was Clyde C. Holloway (served 1987–1993) on October 16, 2016.
This page was last edited on 29 March 2019, at 19:00 (UTC).