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Realignment and Opportunism for Bill Bolling and Charlie Crist
By Kenton Ngo - December 12, 2012 at 1:53 am
For Virginia's Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling and Florida's former Governor Charlie Crist, Republicans who were blocked from higher office from within their own party, their political destiny hangs on a momentous decision in this winter of 2012: whether to sever their lifelong loyalties to the Republican Party. They need a mixture of two elements to succeed, only one of which they can control: opportunism and party realignment.
By default, party switchers appear spineless. Over time, party switchers have performed less well even if they are re-elected under their new party banner. However, if the voters and parties are rearranging themselves as fast as the politicians are, they are more forgiving. Thus the contrast between Mills Godwin, the only man to be elected Governor of Virginia as both a Democrat in 1965 and Republican in 1973 at a time when Virginia political parties were reshuffling, and the losers. Sen. Arlen Specter, Rep. Parker Griffith: two men who switched after being elected by their original parties at a time of political party stability, and were punished by their new party in primaries.
Of Bolling and Crist, Charlie Crist stands a much better chance of following in Godwin's footsteps (in reverse), but the path is more difficult for both. There has been no similar massive change in the party coalitions in either Virginia or Florida in the last decade, making it harder for both of them to break the system open.
Bolling is rumored to be considering an independent bid for Virginia governor in 2013, and Crist has switched to the Democratic Party and is contemplating a return to Florida's governorship in 2014.
For both, Virginia's chaotic three-way gubernatorial election of 1965 is a historical parable that, like most historical parables, is of debatable applicability but is undeniably fascinating. That year, Mills Godwin, a conservative Democrat, defeated Republican nominee Linwood Holton and segregationist splinter candidate William J. Story, who broke ranks from the Democratic Party. Godwin won decisively with 48%, to Holton's 38% and Story's 13%.
Crist, who was elected Governor previously as a Republican and is now out one term cannot escape at least a passing comparison to Godwin, who won the 1965 election as a Democrat, served his term, and was elected again as a Republican in 1973. For Bolling, the splintering of the conservative Byrd Organization in the 1965 election between Godwin and Story hangs as a ghost over any Independent bid that would split the conservative Republican Party between Bolling and Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli. This is not to say that either Bolling or Cuccinelli are segregationist, nothing could be further from the truth: the point is that intra-conservative fighting spilling over into independent challenges is nothing new in Virginia.
Throughout the mid 20th century, Virginia was dominated by a conservative, white Democratic machine led by Senator Harry Byrd: the fabled and feared Byrd Organization that owned state offices but remained silent on presidential races. In 1965, Mills Godwin was elected its last governor as a Democrat.
An ardent segregationist who believed in Massive Resistance, he switched sides ahead of the 1964 Presidential election, supporting Lyndon Johnson. 1964 was the first election without a poll tax, and black and poor white voters gave Johnson Virginia's 12 electoral votes, the only Democrat to carry the Commonwealth between Truman '48 and Obama '08. Barry Goldwater's extreme, anti-civil rights stances sent the African-American vote running from the party of Lincoln to the party of Johnson, and Godwin worked hard to court their vote.
The Goldwater backlash was not limited to African-Americans. Virginia Republicans nominated Linwood Holton, a moderate from Roanoke, to hopefully make a good showing against Godwin.
The unraveling of the Byrd Organization gave the Republican Party a chance to be a real second party for the first time in decades. Their tacit agreement to support Byrd Democrats (as profiled to the right in a 1965 Washington Post clip) was giving way to the chance that one of their own might win, but the Goldwater candidacy had alienated many moderates within the Republican Party. This intra-conservative squabbling led to less support for Holton and chaos on the right.
Party switching is far more common in fluid parliamentary systems that use proportional representation than America's first-past-the-post approach that causes a rigid two-party structure to be the norm. In such a system, it takes extraordinary forces to cause politicians to switch parties, and even greater extraordinary forces for apostates to succeed afterwards: but for some, it is the only way forward. It takes some principled opportunism, a crass mixture of severing lifelong loyalties, poisoning friendships, raw ambition, and fervent belief in one's own destiny and the correctness of their principles: this is the element the party switcher can control.
What the switcher can't control is the second element, party realignment. The parties must change around the politician just as much as the politician changes himself. It takes seismic, cataclysmic shifts to pulverize the bedrock bases of both parties and recast this amalgam and debris into two new parties. Party switchers and leavers will frequently assert that they didn't leave the party, the party left them: but whether this is true is not up to them.
So what does that say for Crist and Bolling? Both men certainly have the first part, no man who wasn't filled with ambition would even contemplate such a move. The environment of 1965, with national partisans and state partisans in conflict, and state partisans in mortal combat with themselves, was a chaotic era of party realignment that lent itself well to ambitious party switchers. What voter could punish for disloyalty when he himself was redefining his partisanship? Regardless, 1965 was the end of the line for the Byrd Organization. Virginia has a one-term limit for its governors, and in 1969, Mills Godwin was succeeded by Linwood Holton, the man he defeated, the first Republican governor of Virginia since Reconstruction.
For Bolling's gambit to succeed in a 3-way race, he would have to convince Virginia liberal Republicans to flee Cuccinelli like conservative Democrats fled Howell. But this pretends that there are any liberal Republicans left in Virginia, and also requires that the ideological changes in the Democratic and Republican parties were as tumultuous as they were in the late 60s and early 70s. Bolling can't simply join the Democratic Party and try to make it a two-way race because both parties are largely the same as they were in 2005 when Bolling was elected Lieutenant Governor. No major seismic shift has happened, and Democrats would never let him past a primary.
One faction missing from the 1965 election were the populist liberals, who were corralled into Godwin's corner. The Goldwater implosion of 1964 which pummeled Virginia Republicans was followed by the McGovern debacle of 1972 which shattered Virginia Democrats. Howlin' Henry Howell, who once opined that "a liberal in Virginia is someone who believes in life after death", was a fiery opponent of the fiscally tightfisted, socially reactionary Byrd Organization. Charging at the dying Organization from the left, he lost the 1969 Democratic primary for Governor, but after the death of Lieutenant Governor J. Sargent Reynolds in 1971, was elected Lieutenant Governor and seized the Democratic nod in 1973.
Howell and Scott are about as far away from each other ideologically as one could be, but they shared a fair distance from the center. Conservative Democrats, horrified by the McGovern nomination in 1972 and equally as appalled by Howell's nomination in 1973, began bolting to the Republican Party and convinced Godwin to return as Republican nominee in 1973. Godwin was nominated without opposition at the 1973 Republican Convention: a party switcher who faced nary a primary challenger! Such was the power of realignment and a well-known name. In November, Godwin won 51-49 in one of the closest gubernatorial elections in Virginia history.
Bolling can't walk into Democratic arms like Godwin walked into Republican arms, so he's left with this quixotic independent option. If Bolling entered the Democratic primary for 2013, he'd be laughed out of the ballot box, a marked contrast to the 1973 Republicans. While it worked for candidates like Lincoln Chafee, elected Senator for Rhode Island as a Republican, defeated, and then elected as an independent for Governor, Bolling is no Chafee (or Angus King). Bill Bolling has been lieutenant governor for nearly eight years, and most Virginians can't pick him out of a lineup or think of a single thing he's done. Chafee and King were institutions.
For Crist, however, his chances depend on a primary. Can he really count on Florida Republicans changing their minds about Scott like conservative Democrats decried Howell? Most likely not. He already tried running an independent in a three-way race and lost big in 2010 to Marco Rubio. Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek captured the black vote, leaving Crist fighting for the remaining part of the Democratic coalition and whatever scraps of the rest of the electorate he could.
Knowing that no matter what happens, the black vote would remain straight-ticket Democratic, he knew his only option was to run as full-blown Democrat. Unfortunately for him, there has been no influx of disgruntled Republicans disgusted with Rick Scott that will take over the 2014 Florida Democratic Primary for him. Many of the Democratic primary voters who vigorously opposed him in past elections are still there, and may not be persuaded to change their minds.
Like Bolling, Crist will not walk into the Democratic field easily. If there has been any realignment at all, it's been in the opposite direction Crist would want it to be: conservative Democrats, especially in the Panhandle, dying off or converting to Republican, leaving a more liberal, more partisan primary electorate in its wake. Even worse for Crist, Florida is a closed primary state. However, as someone with much higher name recognition who has spent over two years working on his Democratic bona fides, he stands a higher chance of being perceived as a sincere party switcher. Absent a cataclysmic party realignment though, he's asking the same group of people that repeatedly tried to end his career to embrace him. This was a death blow for Arlen Specter, a Republican-turned-Democrat who was defeated in a primary by a partisan, registered Democratic electorate in 2010.
The stability and continued entrenchment of the current party system works against both Crist and Bolling. Mills Godwin and many other successful party switchers like Sen. Richard Shelby of Alabama avoided primary challengers from their adopted parties because the primary electorates changed as fast as they did. For Bolling, I don't see any real options for him. He can't win a Democratic primary. He can't run as an Independent and win. What's left for him?
For Crist, though, he has a way to survive a hostile, closed primary. Sure, the Democratic primary electorate is not radically different from the Democratic primary electorates that salivated at the chance to kick him out of office. What he needs is an empty bench of potential primary challengers: and in that respect, as of now, he's quite lucky. But there's still a long ways to go.


Cheaper Car Hire in Paderborn Lippstadt Airport - Compare estate, SUV, MPV and 7 seat minivan rental rates in Paderborn Lippstadt Airport.
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Driving a car hire is one of the pleasures of a German holiday. Autobahns link most cities and tourist destinations. Secondary urban roads pass through pleasant farmland and wooded landscapes. Unless driving large trucks, German roads are toll free. Drivers are permitted 0.5 mg/ml alcohol in their blood. Violators face stiff penalties.
The Romantic Road follows a medieval trade route from Wurzburg south to Bavaria and Fussen. The road offers a taste of the Germany of olden times with attractions including the historic city of Dinkelsbuhl and Neuschwanstein Castlealong its 350km length.
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Compare discounted rental costs for mokes, convertibles, jeeps, city cars, estates/station-wagons, MPV, Minivans & SUV for Paderborn Airport.
The Baltic Sea shoreline,east from Warnemunde and Rostock leads to exciting destinations that include the seaside resort of Graal-Muritz, Ribnitz-Damgarten and its diverse draws, and Stralsund UNESCO designated town centre.
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Germany provides visitors with a wealth of attractions and historic sites. Beaches in the environs of the Jutland Peninsula in the north of the country are heaven in the summer months.
The port city of Hamburg is south and home to the infamous Reeperbahn nightlife precinct as well as other draws such as St Pauli Piers and museum ships. Berlin is over near the eastern border of the country and the Tiergarten and Museum Island are among its unmissable sites.
Getting a self-drive car hire gives the freedom to travel at will. Frankfurt am Main is in the middle of the country and an ideal base for sight seeing trips to Wiesbaden and the Taunus Mountains.
The Black Forest is in the southwest corner of Germany and one of its most popular tourist hot spots.
Berlin is probably the best known city, with it's Cold War history, including the Air-Drop and Wall. Today, it is has one of the largest annual festivals in Europe, and it is not October Fest.
"Hire early, for Lippstadt Airport, to ensure you get the vehicle you want, at the price you want to pay"
Holidaymakers will find the weather between April and early October conducive to enjoying outdoor activities and beaches. August tends to be hot and it is also peak tourist season, so better avoid this month if possible. Ski resorts in Bavaria and the Black Forest open in December and closes in April.


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Funding, Planning
Obama's New $50 Billion Infrastructure Stimulus — Old Wine in New Bottles
President Obama's new $50 billion infrastructure initiative — part of his $447 billion American Jobs Act (AJA) — offered no surprises. It's almost an exact replica of his FY 2012 budget request which included a sum of $50 billion for transportation to "jump start" a proposed $556 billion six-year surface transportation reauthorization.
The rhetoric may have changed — Obama avoided using the terms "stimulus" and "infrastructure" in presenting his AJA initiative to Congress — but the substance of the two initiatives is remarkably similar. Both proposals would fund an identical mix of programs (highways, transit, Amtrak, high-speed rail, aviation and the TIFIA credit program) and both would establish a National Infrastructure Bank. Read More ›
Mike Wussow
Business & Economy, Funding, Planning
Infrastructure investment could be "economic driver"
In a bi-partisan pitch, former Pennsylvania governor Ed Rendell (a Democrat) and current Mesa, Ariz., mayor Scott Smith (a Republican), argue in today's Wall Street Journal for a stronger U.S. investment in transportation infrastructure.
Whether it involves highways, railways, ports, aviation or any other sector, infrastructure is an economic driver that is essential for the long-term creation of quality American jobs.
When it comes to transportation, Washington has been on autopilot for the last half-century. Instead of tackling the hard choices facing our nation and embracing innovations, federal transportation policy still largely adheres to an agenda set by President Eisenhower.
Investments in transportation infrastructure–especially strategic, long-term investments–are investments in the future of the country. And as Rendell and Smith argue, true transportation investments aren't (or shouldn't be) a partisan issue.
Building America's transportation infrastructure has been a national goal since Thomas Jefferson promoted canals and roads and Abraham Lincoln helped forge the Transcontinental Railroad. And still today, there remains a justifiable federal responsibility to address the country's infrastructure decline. But it must be addressed thoughtfully, and much differently from the past. The sole responsibility can't be left up to the federal government–from a financing or management perspective. (Indeed, given the current economic outlook, we're probably well past the days when this made sense–if it ever did.) Instead, infrastructure investments could benefit tremendously, especially in terms of innovation and financing, from public-private cooperation.
Ultimately, despite the economic chaos we find ourselves in, we need infrastructure improvements that will contribute to the long-term economic growth of the country. Hopefully, Messrs. Rendell and Smith aren't the only ones willing to cross the political aisle to cooperate on this issue.
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With Federal Announcement, "Livability" is the New Rule for Transit Projects
Policy shifts are often so nuanced and subtle that they're almost not recognizable. Sometimes, however, as with U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood's announcement about new funding guidelines for transit projects, they are stark enough to warrant the laudatory adjectives found in the press releases describing the policy change. The latter is true for the announcement that the U.S. transportation chief made at yesterday's Transportation Research Board's annual meeting. "Our new policy for selecting major transit projects will work to promote livability rather than hinder it," said Secretary LaHood. "We want to base our decisions on how much transit helps the environment, how much it improves development opportunities and how it makes our communities better places to live." The Obama Read More ›
Selling Transportation Reform
A small but influential group of individuals gathered recently at the downtown Washington office of University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs at the invitation of its Director, former Gov.Gerald Baliles. The bipartisan group included two former U.S. Transportation Secretaries and some 30 key players and opinion leaders who constitute what could be loosely described as Washington's unofficial permanent transportation policy establishment.
The purpose of the meeting was to solicit advice on a set of recommendations stemming from the Miller Center's fall transportation conference. The central challenge was posed succinctly by Gov. Baliles at the outset of the meeting. The transportation sector, he suggested, is being neglected despite the evidence of a mounting crisis – aging infrastructure, growing traffic congestion, strained freight and logistical facilities. Both the Congress and the Administration are extemporizing rather than taking bold steps to avert the looming crisis.
Where is the outrage, Baliles asked. Why is there no popular outcry? And what can we do to overcome this inertia? How can we create a sense of urgency and develop a narrative that will reverberate with the public, capture the media's attention and goad Congress and the Administration into action? The Governor's conclusion: we must involve "the three Ps": the Public, the Press and the Politicians.
Matt Rosenberg
Mileage Tax Gets Boost From Peters, Mineta Institute
Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation under George W. Bush, Mary Peters recently told the Austin-San Antonio Corridor Growth Summit that the country needs to move toward a vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tax to replace the failing gas tax. At the same time, a new survey conducted by the Mineta Transportation Institute at San Jose State University shows drivers warming to a mileage tax if lower emission vehicles get discounted rates. At issue is how to pay for maintenance and expansion of roads and transit systems after 40 years of vast growth in system use, and looking toward a tricky double-whammy. More population and jobs in coming decades will strain metro-region surface transportation systems, while flattening per-capita miles driven and greater fuel efficiency are curtailing growth in the per-gallon gas tax revenues that have traditionally been the prime source for surface transportation funding.
Broad implementation of the mileage tax is at least 10 years off, maybe 15. In the nearer term, variable-rate, electronically tolled express lanes are needed aside free lanes on major metro region highways, along with expanded opportunities for public private partnerships and other local and regional funding tools. Eventually, the mileage tax could be levied for travel on arterial and feeder roads, plus highways, with discounts for less congested routes, and possibly, lower emission vehicles. Incentives such as pay-per mile car insurance and meter-less, ticket-less parking could help compensate for privacy concerns. With a slew of VMT pilot projects, technical studies and surveys completed and more underway or coming, this bold policy initiative continues to gain momentum. Here's the San Antonio Express-News on Peter's remarks:
Crosscut: Time To Go "All In" On Tolls
Yesterday in Crosscut, the Northwest online daily journal of politics and public policy, I published a piece titled "Time to Go 'All In' On Tolls." It starts this way: The four-lane Evergreen Point Floating Bridge across Lake Washington on State Route 520 is a relic of a bygone era, congested and disaster prone. How urgent is the need for a planned six-lane replacement? The Washington State Department of Transportation has gone so far as to graphically model on YouTube how the bridge might buckle under duress, threatening lives and paralyzing the region's highway network. And is the region stepping up to the challenge? Less than half the funding is secured. The Seattle-side configuration is still being debated. More broadly, the project begs a Read More ›
First, A Patch-up For Expiring Fed. Transpo Bill
Among the pressing legislative priorities facing Congress this autumn — besides the headline-grabbing health care and climate change bills — is an extension of the federal surface transportation program. The program authority expires on September 30 and its renewal is essential to keep federal transportation money flowing. The House and Senate have been on divergent paths in their approach toward renewing the program. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, under the leadership of Chairman James Oberstar (D-MN), has been intent on passing a six-year $500 billion surface transportation measure ($450 billion for highways and transit, $50 billion for high-speed rail) during this session of Congress. In late July, a bill to this effect was reported out by the House Highways and Transit subcommittee. Chairman Oberstar announced at the time that he would hold a full committee mark-up soon after the House returns from its summer recess.
The Senate, on the other hand, has been working toward an 18-month extension of the existing surface transportation program. Its rationale for doing so was succinctly stated by Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-CA), chairman of the Environment and Public Works Committee, and Sen. James Inhofe (R-OK), ranking minority member. There simply is no way, the two senate transportation leaders concluded, that Congress could pass a multi-year authorization of the surface transportation program before the program's expiration at the end of September. "There are just too many big questions left unanswered, not the least of which is a lack of a consensus on how to pay for it," Boxer and Inhofe stated. A better approach, they said, would be to pass an 18-month extension as recommended by the Obama Administration.
Left unsaid were probably two other motives for wanting to postpone enactment of a long-term legislation.
LaHood: Mileage Charge, P3s, Expanded Tolling All Possible
In a significant return to a controversial topic – the positive mention of which once earned him a sharp public rebuke from President Barack Obama's press secretary – U.S. Transportation Sec. Ray LaHood today in Chicago reiterated the possibility of vehicle mileage fees to help pay for mounting U.S. surface transportation needs. His remarks indicate a softening of Obama's official position against the idea. Underscoring evolving bipartisan support, Republican U.S. Rep. John Mica, the ranking minority member of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, explains to a Florida paper today why the mileage tax makes sense, long-term. No such policy will be enacted anytime very soon, but could begin to move more seriously toward eventual mainstream adoption as part of Read More ›
A Hard Road To Travel In Minnesota
Jarred into action by the tragic I-35W bridge collapse in Minneapolis in 2007, the Minnesota legislature in early 2008 proudly passed a $6.6 billion surface transportation funding bill including the state's first gas tax hike in 20 years, plus optional sales tax hikes, a major bonding program and other measures. But 18 months later, according to its new transportation policy plan, the North Star State faces a $50 billion gap in paying for surface transportation projects over the next 20 years. Of $65 billion in needed work, only $15 billion is currently expected to be available, with three-quarters of that targeted for preserving existing roads and bridges. Officials say safety won't be compromised. But mobility and pavement condition will. The executive summary from the report reveals (pp. 14-15) the full battery of envisioned projects are to meet system performance targets as the population grows, mainly by improving mobility in inter-regional corridors and mitigating congestion in the Twin Cities, Rochester and St. Cloud areas.
Chapter 4's discussion of state trends affecting transportation provides more detail. Population is projected to rise 25 percent from current levels by 2035, which would be 50 percent since 1990. Congestion in the metro regions is expected to grow due to more population, a high rate of solo driving on all trips, greater commuting distances and high use of inter-regional corridors. (State highway map here). Needed projects are detailed in the accompanying statewide highway investment plan (full report here; Twin Cities district here). Given the wide funding gap between needs and resources, leaders want to encourage new ways of maintaining roads, pricing limited peak-hour highway capacity, deploying in-vehicle technology, and funding system improvements. The Minneapolis Star-Tribune reports:
No Federal Bailout: States, Regions Confront Transpo Funding Woes
When Congress passes a new $450 billion six-year surface transportation reauthorization sometime in the next 18 months or so, it would directly yield $90 billion per annum, split nationwide over its term. That probably sounds like a lot of money, but it's not. As the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's blueprint for the reauthorization bill notes on p. 7, needed U.S. road and transit projects require $225 billion to $340 billion per year in public and private investment over each of the next 50 years – this according to the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission. Even scaled-down needs identified by the National Surface Transportation Infrastructure and Finance Commission – also cited in the committee's reauthorization blueprint – are sizable: $200 billion per year in public investment to maintain and improve the most essential components of the nation's highway and transit systems.
The expected $48 billion in 2009 ARRA stimulus bill spending on transportation makes only a minor dent in either amount. Despite the possibility of some additional leveraged funding via an envisioned infrastructure bank that could be rolled into the reauthorization bill, it's increasingly clear that manna from Washington – though important – isn't a stand-alone solution.
That's because of deepening maintenance and construction needs resulting from four decades of robust growth in passenger and freight vehicle miles traveled, plus simultaneous under-investment in infrastructure, and continuing population growth. And so across the U.S., more and more states and regions are grappling with difficult political choices to pay for fixing eroded transportation infrastructure, and for building new capacity and instituting other strategies to ease traffic congestion as the economic recovery unfolds in the next several years.
The first step is realizing you have a problem. There's a fair amount of that going around.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I recently saw a post on the lovely Leah's blog, Just Me, Leah about her best friends and she has kindly allowed me to use her idea.
I'm not the type of person to have lots and lots of friends. I have, and I prefer to have a few close friends. I feel incredibly lucky that my really close friends are like family to me. We are quite a diverse group and when you actually listen to how many differing opinions we have on everything, it is amazing that we all get on, but we fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. None of us the same but fitting together perfectly.
My oldest friend is my best friend Vicky. Being of the same name we always used to introduce ourselves as "Double Trouble". I have known Vicky since secondary school and she is the most unbelievable friend.
She is a rock when I need her, always supportive and knows me, inside and outside. Vicky has known me through depressed times, slightly wild and crazy times, through reflection and into happiness. All the while she has stood by my side, letting me carve my own path as she knows I prefer to do, cheering me on from the sideline and generally being bloody awesome.
My other best friend I met through Vicky's husband, who is also brilliant. Shona and I had an unusual start in that neither particularly liked the other on first meeting, or second meeting come to that! It took a night out with mutual friends for us both to realise that in fact we actually could be really good friends.
Shona is an incredibly loyal friend and someone who will always have your back. The trait I love most in Shona that is that she shoots straight from the hip. You will always get the honest opinion from her. I rate honesty and loyalty very highly when it comes to friends and you couldn't get someone more loyal or honest than Shona.
Here are a few photos of me and my lovely girls.


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Who Is a Master's Student at The Art of Education University?
Home / Who Is a Master's Student at The Art of Education University?
3 years ago Megan Dehner
We are excited to announce that since the release of the master's degree at The Art of Education University in January 2019, we now have over 300 active students enrolled in the program! To celebrate our students, we wanted to share a little bit more about them. So, who is a master's student at AOEU? Well, we asked them to take a short survey and tell us a little bit about themselves, along with how they feel about the program so far. We found their feedback to be very insightful and wanted to share with the art education community-at-large.
See the most interesting details below, along with a comprehensive view available to download below.
8 Things You Should Know About AOEU Master's Students
AOEU students are experienced.
39% of students have been teaching 7-15 years, 30% for 3-7 years, and 27% for more than 15 years.
AOEU students are well-rounded.
36% are in elementary (PK-5) settings; 33% are in middle (6-8), and 30% are secondary (9-12).
AOEU students are using what they learn.
86% directly apply what they learn to the classroom.
AOEU students are practical.
47% chose AOEU for the program's flexibility and accessibility, 12% for its affordability, and 12% for its course selection and practicality.
AOEU students know their worth.
43% are pursuing the program for salary advancement; 29% plan to return their investment in 3-4 years, and 46% are individually funding their studies.
AOEU students have lives outside of their classrooms.
79% have spouses/partners; 64% are parents, and 64% support family and friends.
AOEU students are positive and realistic.
47% say the biggest reward of the program is the practical ideas for their teaching, and 53% say time management is the biggest challenge.
AOEU students are efficient.
71% plan to graduate in 2 years and 19% in 3-4 years.
Use this download to quickly reference who AOEU students are.
Want to know more about being a student at AOEU? Would you like to join the 300 (and growing!) students in the program? We are ready to talk to you.
What surprises you about these eight facts?
What else do you think is important to know about AOEU students?
Megan Dehner
Megan Dehner, an art and Spanish language educator, is a former AOEU Writer. She believes in empowering art teachers with resources and knowledge to overcome barriers students may face in the art room.
More from Megan
The Inequities of Grading: How to Assess Your Own Grading Practices
Meaningful Artmaking Ideas That Have Nothing To Do With the Holidays
4 Practical De-escalation Strategies to Support SEL in the Art Room
The Art of Education University will be closed from Friday, December 23, 2022 – Monday, January 2, 2023, as we commemorate the holiday season. We will return on Tuesday, January 3, 2023.


I think this is a systemic problem that is wrong with how we incent businesses to function. It breeds short term focus and doesn't let companies do the things they need to do, especially if they are going to take months or even years.
Sure, I'd be pissed too if I were losing millions or billions on stock price. But there must be a way to stop companies from reacting to pressure from investors to deliver short term results in order to bring great long term growth to the company, and before investors demand the management team to be fired…?!?!?
This entry was posted in Business on January 28, 2009 by dshen.
Greed has played a large role in how broken the system is. I now say 3% growth is the new 20%, which means that expectations have been totally out of whack in the past. When I was at Yahoo, it was ridiculous to have investors continually push for 20% growth quarter over quarter, year over year. It's unsustainable. and when Yahoo fails at this, or any company for that matter, the investors knock the stock down. When the stock goes down, the investors get in an uproar and scream bloody murder, try to get rid of the current management team, cause a huge ruckus which is hugely distracting and doesn't enable a company to respond in the way that is best, which sometimes takes time – More time than investors are willing to give. The short term mindset of investors which drives the short term mindset of companies doesn't let any company plan effectively for the long term, but only for next quarter's earnings call.
The whole stock market is driven by emotion which is really bad in general. Whatever happened to what I learned about stock investing way back, when the stock price was a reflection of the actual value of the assets a company had, not what emotion drives what we think it should be?
Lots of innovation is definitely in the form of incremental innovation but that is true in more established technologies. We see this in bulk on the internet, but on the other hand, we still see a lot of truly weird new stuff that nobody is working on before. I think a lot of people think they can merely do something better and that is enough to get to a good place, or become number one. the main problem is that users have services overload; ex. how many social networks do we really need?
This is a big problem for us internet startup investors. We see a lot of me-too products and while something may be truly better, there are so many factors out there that inhibit the establishment and growth of a me-too product, even though it's better. Users have lots of inertia in products they know; they learn, get used to them, then are unwilling to switch. Users also can't determine what is truly better or not – when two things work in the same industry or product area, users aren't going to spend time to dig into every new product's details to figure out which is better; they don't have time. In the past, large marketing campaigns to drive awareness could get a new entrant a place in the marketplace, but "firehoses of users" aren't easy to find or establish to get enough trial such that natural growth of users starts to happen.
Where's the next big industry creation going to happen?
If i were a betting man, I would say cleantech is the next big area for large scale innovation that creates big companies and factories, that employ a wide variety of skills and skill levels – it's an area that will require lots of capital to start and get going.
Internet tech only employs a certain type and set of skills – as a veteran of the internet and investor in the area, I still think there will be lots of innovation there, but it will come more slowly and the big returns will become more rare, but lots of smaller companies will pop up. It's still an interesting area and think it will be for some time. Capital requirements are virtually nil for internet startups now.
1. Even in the economic downturn where we'll see many of the venture funds die, the greatest concentration will still be in the bay area. No other region in the US can claim the sheer number of funds and greatest concentration of angel investors too.
2. The economic downturn will kill off many dumb ideas and leave the strongest to survive. This puts back a constraint on startups which had gone missing in the boom years: gotta make a great business that can make money. duh!
3. Still people flock to silicon valley to start businesses. This inertia isn't going to go away instantly. It would require many years of failure to reset this in peoples' minds that Silicon Valley isn't the right place to be.
4. Being in the Valley means you are surrounded by tons of other like-minded startup people. It would be hard to find some other place like this, except for perhaps NYC or maybe Boston (even those two would still be dwarfed by the sheer number of people in Silicon Valley). Everywhere else has a much much less dense concentration of people who can help you and who have done it before.
5. I personally still look at deals and those that kind of are sub-standard, I tell them (as does everyone else) to go back to the drawing board and come up with an idea that can make money. This kind of feedback is just one more iterative step in getting people to the right place.
6. So eventually some great ideas will make it through the filter, but you have to wait for time and effort to pay off. Statistics says that the greater number you have to play with, the higher the chance you'll get something new and big. With the sheer volume of stuff that goes on in Silicon Valley, that says to me statistically that you'll get a next big idea faster than in any other place in the country.
I doubt that any idea could move that fast and with the economy so down, it will be even harder to see a company grow to such size in those conditions, even those with some momentum. So in that sense, it may be that the government's massive infrastructure projects may be the ones that will employ a lot of people in the short term while the other companies fight off their investors by laying off people just so they can get their revenue numbers looking better.
What if we didn't layoff anyone and just waited it out?
What if companies didn't sucumb to the pressure – what if they kept paying people but were OK with zero profit? We all know we'll pull out of this downturn at some point – but we have to make a whole bunch of people suffer by laying them off just so a company can look good to investors. Again, the short term focus will weaken companies and place a lot of good, experienced workers out of work. OK OK I'm not totally correct because maybe some companies will make less than their expenses so they will no longer be break even, so maybe they should cut dumb projects and fat off their staff. On the other hand, we've seen time and time again where companies would layoff people in downturns, and then just re-hire them later during good times. We don't need them – we DO need them – this see-sawing back and forth costs people in time, money, and effort.
What if we just didn't fire them, made less or zero money, and just waited it out since we would have hired them back anyways?
Another thing I learned along the way: being loyal to a company is a thing of the past. A company exists for the survival of itself; if that means that people should be let go, it will do so in order to survive. It doesn't care about the people, even though it should. As long as the people help a company survive, it will retain those people. Anybody who doesn't contribute to its survival get cut. I don't see people having any say or power in this decision. Thus, we have to prepare and take care of ourselves in case it happens.
In a downturn, people tend to be resilient. I read somewhere that during these times, people start their own businesses because they've been laid off, sulk for a while, then pick themselves up and go and start new sustainable businesses because now they are free from the corporate mess to do so, whereas they may not have felt that freedom before….?
I agree generally with this statement. I think the capital mkts are closed, but only for a while. The evidence is that the recovery steps are taking hold but it will still be a few months before things are more back to normal. There will be a shake out in the venture industry. IPOs will still be tough until SAOX gets fixed, which I heard people are working on.
Education could use some serious improvement in the US. But still many kids come out of college wanting to do a startup instead of taking a corporate job. so while we essentially closed the doors to international talent, I think that there is plenty of talent ready and willing to go with just a little experienced handholding.
Basic research is declining I hear. People aren't encouraged to take science; they want to make the quick buck so they become stock traders. So less ideas come out that way, but still there are many untapped. I met a guy who had a line to the DARPA funded projects in universities. He raised a small fund to help these projects become real businesses. Real scary star wars stuff he was telling me about. Pretty cool.
The search for exits is a problem for the whole venture industry. Tt does foster this attitude of building a business for the exit and not for sustainability. This needs some re-thinking. I admit I even suffer from exit-itis as an angel investor. But we also need to figure out how investors can profit from supporting a company and being able to cash out their investment.
Still lots of wealthy people running around, although a lot of Valley companies laying off 1000s of people. And I think parts of the Valley are experiencing downturns but not all, as evidenced by housing prices, etc. Still, it's probably not as bad as other parts of the country. But as for contributing to the entire country's recovery, I think you'd have to make people move to the Bay area to look for jobs, or have those companies expand out to other states to get cheaper labor. One problem is finding skilled workers in the areas that high technology requires in other states. Sometimes, you just can't find those people there, or get people to move there because the quality of life is not what they want (who doesn't want to live in California haha?).
I read an article in Venture Hacks about American Apparel. This is the innovation that is required in the US; to stop throwing jobs out of the country and figure out how to do things here, so that we can employ Americans and pay them what we need to pay, but also do it in a cost effective manner to be competitive.
I think California has a great chance to recover by itself: entertainment industry in southern California, tech and other stuff in northern California. As in other years, I think there will yet again be a migration to California to look for fortune, as companies get created and are looking for skilled people, and that will draw skilled people from states where jobs are lost.
This entry was posted in Angel Investing/Venture Funds, Business, Startups on January 20, 2009 by dshen.
Green with renvy takes on new meaning when we're talking about money.
I renvy company Y reaching breakeven; if only we had went for revenue from the very beginning, we wouldn't have to go beg for more money.
We at company X are renvious of company Y's $100 million dollars of revenue last year and are planning to take them out in beer pong on Friday night.
This startup vocabulary lesson was brought to you by the folks at Loudwater Labs.
This entry was posted in Angel Investing/Venture Funds, Startups on January 8, 2009 by dshen.


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Crocodile and Turtle Saga
Crocodile and Turtle Saga by Lucas Tangun
Lucas Tangun
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"Two ladies named Kura and Nambri went together on a fishing trip along the Sepik River. After they caught some fish, Kura decided to drop Nambri off at the river bank and promised to return to pick her up. Long hours went by as Nambri sat and waited for Kura's return, but she was nowhere to be seen. Nambri began to worry about how she would get home. She cried and cried, hoping someone would come. "Then a turtle appeared out of the water and offered to assist Nambri, who sent it to the village to get help. The turtle quickly went to a nearby village and ask the first person he saw for a favour. The man refused and protested that he had to finish building his canoe. Nambri sat and waited. When a fish showed up later, she asked him to do her the same favour. The fish said he had other things to do first and left. After some time, a crocodile appeared, but Nambri didn't want to ask for help again and told him to leave. The crocodile dove into the river and reappeared as a man. They left together to an unknown place. On the way, they caught two rare-looking birds and decided to keep them as pets. Nambri and the man settled at a place and built their shelter. The man left two days later and returned to the river. Nambri soon realized that she was left alone again, but this time she had two birds with her. "Time passed; the two birds grew bigger and bigger. Nambri sent the birds out to catch fish from the river, and to hunt for other food sources as well. One day the birds became so greedy that they ate all the fish themselves and left Nambri the bones. She became angry at them and asked them to leave, and to never to return again. The two big birds refused her request; instead, they chopped off her head and dropped it into the Sepik River..." - Lucas Tangun, translated by Ake Lianga
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Host CEO Suzie Shaw departs agency
February 25, 2015 1:24
by Miranda Ward
CEO of major creative agency Host Suzie Shaw has stepped down from the agency, Mumbrella can reveal.
Shaw first joined the agency as an account director in January 2011 before being promoted to the newly created MD role in July that year. She was promoted to the CEO role in January 2013.
Anthony Freedman, founder of Host, confirmed Shaw's departure, telling Mumbrella: "Suzie has been a valuable member of our team for around four years and we are sad to see her go."
Freedman told Mumbrella Shaw's CEO position will not be filled with senior members of Host picking up her duties.
It is understood Shaw has left for family reasons.
Shaw's departure follows the agency picking up the Toohey's account earlier this month and winning the Pizza Hut account in November.
Miranda Ward
Miranda Ward worked for Mumbrella from 2013 to 2017, eventually becoming deputy editor. Miranda joined Mumbrella in September 2013 from Sky News.
topics agency, Anthony Freedman, CEO, creative, departure, Host, Pizza Hut, Quit, Suzie Shaw, Tooheys


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Mayor, City of New York
Bio Current as of August 16, 2022
Mayor Eric Adams has dedicated his life to giving back to his city and giving a voice to a diverse coalition of working families in all five boroughs. Born and raised in Brownsville, Brooklyn, Adams first served the city by joining the NYPD, after being a victim of police brutality as a young man himself. While in the NYPD, he fought for change by becoming an outspoken advocate for reform — co-founding the group "100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care." After retiring from the NYPD at the rank of captain, he continued his career in public service by running for State Senate, representing central Brooklyn. Adams was elected Brooklyn borough president in 2013, becoming the borough's first Black leader. In 2021, Adams was elected mayor, on the agenda of improving public safety, growing the economy, reducing inequality, and building a stronger, healthier city for all New Yorkers.


Jonathan Strickland has written about the future and technology professionally for six years but his interest in these subjects goes back much further. He fell in love with computers when his dad brought home an Apple IIe. He credits storytellers like Gene Roddenberry, Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein and Brad Strickland for his fascination with the future and the fantastic technologies we may one day see. Jonathan's hobbies include acting, performing improvisational comedy and playing online first person shooters (poorly).
Lauren Vogelbaum has been with HowStuffWorks since 2010, where she's currently the Social Media Editor and co-host of the Fw:Thinking and TechStuff podcasts. Her main tech interests rest in medical research and particle physics because she regards the human body and quantum mechanics with uncannily similar awe, terror, and bemusement. In essence, she laughs a lot, thinks the world would be better if she could use plasma grenades to end unpleasant conversations, and would probably bake cookies for you.
Joe McCormick is a writer and publisher with HowStuffWorks, an excitable amateur science enthusiast, a lay interrogator of technology, a prolific generator of ideas for science fiction novels he does not have time to write, and a criminal in the court of thermodynamics. Once when he was a kid, his supremely kind and generous grandmother let him crack open an old thermostat so he could get at the mercury switch. He is still grateful for this experience.


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Sterling Travel : News : Air Canada increases London to Toronto flights
Air Canada increases London to Toronto flights
Air Canada has announced that it plans to increase the number of daily services from London Heathrow to its Toronto hub from four to five non-stop flights each day, commencing 2 June.
The new service AC863 will depart London Heathrow at 11:05 and arrive Toronto at 14:10.
In addition to five flights per day from London Heathrow to Toronto Pearson International Airport, Air Canada will offer daily non-stop services from the UK to seven other major Canadian cities including Montréal, Calgary, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Halifax and St John's.
Travelling to the US has been made easier via Terminal 1 at Toronto Pearson International Airport. Passengers can now complete US Customs and Immigration formalities in Toronto, thereby saving time at their final destination in the US, where their arrival is treated as a domestic flight.


Our new exhibition, "Amending America," opens on March 11, 2016.
2016 marks the 225th anniversary of the Bill of Rights, written in 1789 and ratified on December 15, 1791. The original Bill of Rights, on permanent display in the National Archives Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, is still closely connected to the biggest issues of today–and to each of our citizens.
Here is a sneak peak of a musical number explaining how we amend our Constitution. This animated video was made in collaboration with HISTORY and shows the story of how we amend, through the proposal and ratification process. It also illustrates why our Founders made it possible to amend, and explains the important role of the Archivist of the United States in the amendment process!
Did you know that more than 11,000 amendments have been proposed in congressional history, but never made it through the approval process? As part of the work preparing for the "Amending America" exhibition, NARA volunteers and staff transcribed and edited over 11,000 entries of proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution, as recorded by congress from 1787 to 2014. We have made this work available as an open dataset in CSV format, available for anyone to download on Archives.gov and Data.gov. What can you visualize or do with this data? Have suggestions for improvements, let us know!
Amending America is presented in part by the National Archives Foundation through the generous support of AT&T, HISTORY®, and the Lawrence F. O'Brien Family.
(1778). This proposed "policy", created by "merchants", through President by " acts of treasons", has life in our "State", at all time high, " unlawful ". I have prepared my statement inpart as Notice, and thereto the missing and misleading information among this Nation as address in 1864 and the Incorporating District of Columbia by Acts of February 21, 1871, under the Emergency War Powers Act and Reconstruction Acts thereto reorganize June 11, 1878. The terms supported cause, and causation to the great charter, to be catastrophic to my homeland. This is more than a " perfect union", this expands to "deceit and fraud", on high plain levels, as detailed and description of "CAT", illustration prepared by I, thereto registered in Washington D.C. Post. My American story has "truth" and "facts", involving " links of interest ", and attachments supporting missing records and misleading American citizens. As I see the truth of the " subject and matter ", withheld information was custom apparently by "orgins of practice", instituted by "Pharoah Akhenaten", thereto description of " officials ". I, AD, release this information to be interest in resources. All my " great writings" are transparency for new developing partnership opportunities in democracy and the discoveries of missing Historical Documents at hand, q.v… I have personified a "book", "DC Layout", that is undiscovered and undisclosed and a mystery to most in " blind obedience". Truly, we are in a century consolidated by a government suspected the worst imagery delegation of officials representing "one dollar " and not "liberty". This has been unfair and I am truly prepare to proceed to engage a exhibition, of " DC Layout", supporting cause, causation and concurrent… We as individuals need "ways and means".
The Bill or Rights(First 10 Amendments to the Constitution) Considered to be Our inalienable Rights Bestowed Upon Us by God and so special that the Founding Fathers placed them Separate and Outside the Constitution in a Wrapper-Bill of Rights intending that these 10 never be changed. Something some of our Constitutional Scholar Presidents and Attorney Senators/Representatives have forgotten.
It is interesting to learn about those 11,000 proposed amendments, as I had no idea there was such a lot of debate over it. The fact that these amendments were debated means that they had some merit among the population, but it is obviously difficult to accommodate the wishes of everyone within the document. It is interesting to get some good perspective on this.


Paul Whiteley and Patrick Seyd, "Party Election Campaigning in Britain: The Labour Party," Party Politics, 9 (September 2003), 637-652.
The purpose of this article is to estimate the effects of Labour's campaigning on electoral participation and party choice in the general election of 2001. Since the impact of Labour's campaign cannot be assessed without taking into account the campaigns of its main rivals, attention is also paid to the campaigning activities of the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. But the main focus of the article is on the Labour campaign. It is important to remember that while commentators often describe a British general election campaign in the singular, general elections are actually fought out in 659 separate constituencies. While some features of election campaigning will be the same regardless of the locality, there are enough variations in campaigning efforts, styles and intensities across the country to make it necessary to describe the election in terms of a set of different campaigns. Variations in these campaigns will depend upon a range of factors, including the geographical location (for example, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), the closeness of the constituency contest, the state of local party organizations and the calibre and commitment of the candidates.
These findings reinforce conclusions from earlier research that constituency campaigning is important in influencing voting behaviour. They also demonstrate the significance of party election broadcasts as part of the parties' central campaigning efforts; this is at a time when there are some doubts concerning the future format of such broadcasts. These opportunities for the parties to address the voters directly turn out to be quite important. In the context of a de-aligned electorate and a 24-hour news cycle it appears that campaigning is important and may become more important in the future. In the context of declining party membership and activism (Whiteley and Seyd, 2002) party leaderships will have to devise incentives in order to encourage volunteers to participate in these campaigns in the future. At the moment the marginalization of party members in the British political process by the Blair government (see Seyd and Whiteley, 2002) is likely to reduce the incentives for voluntary action in the Labour Party. If this continues it means that the voluntary party will be significantly weaker at the time of the next election than it was in 2001. Turning this around will not be easy, but in the long run it will mean bringing the members into partnership with the government and the party in parliament, rather than largely ignoring them. But that raises a whole new debate.


Welcome to the Country Inn of Hoyt Lakes! We at the Country Inn invite you to stay with us for country hospitality at an affordable price. All of our rooms are 100% smoke free.
The Country Inn offers all season enjoyment. In the summer you can enjoy a swimming beach, picnic area, tennis courts and boat access nearby. The Hoyt Lakes Golf Course is only 2 miles away and Giants Ridge Golf and Ski Resort is only 10 miles from Hoyt Lakes. Paved hiking and biking paths are close by. In the winter the snowmobile trail starts right behind us and there are also cross country ski trails nearby. The Country Inn borders the beautiful Superior National Forest and we are only 55 minutes from Lake Superior via the Superior National Forest Scenic Byway. At the end of your day you can relax on our front porch or warm up by our cozy fireplace.
We have several different room types available all of which have microwaves and refrigerators. Enjoy our indoor pool, hot tub and free wireless internet. We also offer a continental breakfast to start your day off right.


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Group 4 Created with Sketch. Adamas Intelligence
NETL Rare Earth Recovery Projects Delivering Promising Results
Funding to develop processes for cost-effective REE recovery from coal
In December 2015 the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory ("NETL") selected 10 projects to receive funding for research in support of "development of cost-effective and environmentally benign approaches for the recovery of rare earth elements from domestic coal and coal byproducts".
The 10 projects selected by NETL received "Phase 1" funding to sample and characterize coal-related host materials, carry out a techno-economic feasibility study, and develop a system design for the proposed REE recovery technology.
Four projects selected to advance further
In August 2017 the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") selected four of the 10 projects to advance to "Phase 2" of the initiative, in which the DOE will invest US $17.4 million to develop and test the selected REE recovery systems.
Among the four projects selected to advance are two bench-scale projects (one developed by the University of North Dakota Institute for Energy Studies and the other by West Virginia University Research Corporation) and two pilot-scale projects (one operated by Physical Sciences Inc. and the other by the University of Kentucky Research Foundation).
Recovery rates and concentration levels exceeding expectations
On February 1, 2018 NETL announced that the four projects, which are expected to be completed by 2020, "have made significant progress in the development of a domestic supply of REEs from coal and coal by-products by successfully producing REE concentrates".
According to NETL, "an important measure of success for these REE recovery projects is the extracted and separated REE concentration (amount of REEs) in the resulting pre-concentrated, recovered product".
As such, NETL contends that the main goal of the four projects "is to achieve at least 2 percent – or 20,000 parts per million (ppm) – REE elemental concentration, which represents a significant enrichment from feedstocks that typically contain REEs at 300 ppm (0.03 percent)". According to NETL's latest announcement, each of the four projects has met or greatly exceeded this goal.
Among the results NETL cites:
Physical Sciences (pilot-scale project) produced a REE concentrate containing 40 wt.% REE at a 15% recovery rate using post-combustion fly ash from burning Central Appalachian Basin coal.
The University of Kentucky (pilot-scale project) produced a REE concentrate containing over 80 wt. % REE at a recovery rate exceeding 75% using Central Appalachian Basin and Illinois Basin coal preparation plant refuse.
The University of North Dakota (bench-scale project) produced a REE concentrate containing 2 wt. % REE at a 35% recovery rate using North Dakota lignite coal.
West Virginia University (bench-scale project) produced a REE concentrate containing 5 wt. % REE at a recovery rate exceeding 90% using acid mine drainage solids from the Northern Appalachian and Central Appalachian Basins.
The success of these four projects has led to patent applications for new rare earth recovery methods. According to NETL, "knowledge gained from these four REE recovery projects benefits additional NETL projects currently underway to design technology for producing salable, individual REE compounds from coal-related materials at a minimum rate of 10 pounds per day".
While the results yielded by the four projects show promise in their ability to liberate domestic supplies of rare earth elements in the U.S., the challenge of U.S. (and European) supply security is multi-faceted. To fully address the issue requires not just access to domestic rare earth supplies but also, more importantly, an ability upgrade those supplies into metals, alloys, magnets, and other value-added materials that are critically important to U.S. (and European) industry and defense.
More information about NETL's projects and initiatives is available on the NETL website.
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text:
Roots, Rock, Reggae
Bob Marley, Bob Marley and the Wailers	Buy This Song
Nesta Robert Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981), more widely and commonly known as Bob Marley, was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae band Bob Marley & The Wailers (1963–1981). Marley remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience. more »
Play I some music, (dis a) reggae music
Roots, rock, reggae, dis a reggae music
Hey, mister music, sure sounds good to me
I can't refuse it, what to be got to be
Feel like dancing, dance 'cause we are free
Feel like dancing, come dance with me
Roots, rock, reggae, yeah, dis a reggae music
Play I some music, dis a reggae music
Play I on the R and B, wo-oh, want all my people to see
We're bubblin' on the Top 100, just like a mighty dread
Play I on the R and B, want all my people to see
We bubblin' on the top one hundred, just like a mighty dread
Roots, rock, reggae, dis a reggae music, uh-uh
Roots, rock, reggae, ee-mi duba, dis a reggae music
Play I some music (dis a reggae music)
(Dis a reggae music)
Play I on the R and B, I want all my people to see (doo-doo-doo-doo)
We bubblin' on the Top 100 just like a mighty dread
(Doo, doo, doo, doo)
Play I some music (dis a) reggae music
The easy, fast & fun way to learn how to sing: 30DaySinger.com
Written by: VINCENT FORD
Lyrics © Kobalt Music Publishing Ltd.
Discuss the Roots, Rock, Reggae Lyrics with the community:
"Roots, Rock, Reggae Lyrics." Lyrics.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2020. Web. 19 Jan. 2020. <https://www.lyrics.com/lyric/7447526/Bob+Marley>.
Missing lyrics by Bob Marley?
Know any other songs by Bob Marley? Don't keep it to yourself!
Slave Driver
Burnin' and Lootin'
Lively Up Yourself
Rebel Music (3 O'Clock Roadblock)
Trenchtown Rock
Trenchtown Rock [Live]
No Woman, No Cry
No Woman No Cry [Live]
Jah Live
Jammin'
One Love / People Get Ready
One Love/People Get Ready
Punky Reggae Party
Sun Is Shining
Satisfy My Soul
Kinky Reggae
War/No More Trouble
So Much Trouble in the World
Coming in From the Cold
Rastaman Live Up
Rastaman Live Up!
Don't miss Bob Marley's
Comedian Bob Marley
Sat • Jan 25 • 8:00 PM
Paramount Theatre - VT, Rutland, VT
Bob Marley Day
Sat • Feb 01 • 4:00 PM
Concerts at SLO Brew Rocks, San Luis Obispo, CA
Bob Marley Comedian
The Fox Theater at Foxwoods Resort Casino, Mashantucket, CT
24th Annual Bob Marley …
Sony Hall, New York, NY
Bob Marley tracks


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A1 Top Story, Governor, Legislature, Lobbying, Lobbyists, Special Districts
author: Dan Christensen
1983 seen
READ 1 Comment
Gov. Scott signs ethics bill; Lobbyists at water districts must register and disclose
By Dan Christensen, BrowardBulldog.org
Gov. Rick Scott signed into law Friday a state ethics bill that requires lobbyists at Florida's five water management districts to register and disclose who they're working for and how much they're being paid.
The new law that takes effect July 1 marks the first time state lobbyist regulations have been applied to any of the state's independent special districts – limited purpose governments that raise and spend hundreds of millions of dollars every year.
"It's encouraging that for the second year in a row, the governor and legislature have advanced anti-corruption measures aimed at improving public trust in government," said Dan Krassner, executive director of the nonpartisan research institute and government watchdog group Integrity Florida. "While more work will be needed in the future to take on corruption, state lawmakers are moving in the right direction."
The final bill (SB 846) was a diminished version of the original Senate ethics bill sponsored by Sen. Jack Latvala, the Clearwater Republican who chair of the Ethics and Elections Committee. Under the Senate plan, all 136 independent special districts in the state that levies property taxes would have been required to register and disclose lobbyists who appear before them.
NO LOBBYIST REGISTRATION AT NORTH BROWARD HOSPITAL DISTRICT
Florida's taxing districts, many run by unelected boards, levied more than $1.8 billion in property taxes on homeowners and businesses in 2011. The new law means that districts such as the $1 billion North Broward Hospital District and the $483 million Health Care District of Palm Beach – two of the three biggest taxing districts in the state – can continue to do business with lobbyists out of the sunshine.
BrowardBulldog.org, supported by a grant from the Fund for Investigative Journalism, reported in January that nearly 1,000 independent special districts across Florida do not require lobbyists to register, pays fees or disclose any information about themselves or their clients.
A week later Latvala and Senate President Don Gaetz announced their support for legislation to impose on larger special districts registration requirements long in place for lobbyists at Executive Branch agencies.
"I personally support the idea that ethical standards, including lobbyist registration, apply to special districts," said Gaetz, R-Niceville. "Broward Bulldog's reporting has helped raise the profile of the issue."
The Senate passed the bill 38-0. But the bill languished in the House where House Ethics and Elections Chair Kathleen Passidomo, R-Fort Myers, considered it to broad. Her committee decided to begin by imposing the new requirements only on water management districts. The bill passed the House 118-0 on May 1.
If registration works smoothly at the water districts, Passidomo said, she will consider requiring more special districts to register lobbyists.
WATER DISTRICTS TO SPEND $1 BILLION THIS YEAR
Florida's water management districts will spend more than $1 billion this year, with nearly half of that money coming from property tax revenues.
The South Florida Water Management District, with a $622 million annual budget, is the largest of the five districts. It collects taxes in 16 counties, including Broward and Miami-Dade, and is a frequent target of lobbyists who engage staff and a governing board dominated by real estate, agribusiness and development interests.
The new law requires lobbyists at water management districts to register annually, disclose and pay a fee of up to $40 per client. Registration includes a statement from each principal authorizing the lobbyist's work and identifying the client's main business and a statement disclosing the existence of any direct or indirect business relationship between the lobbyist or any officer or water district employee.
All lobbyist registration records are public records that must be available online.
The new law includes other changes to Florida's ethics laws:
Allows the Florida Commission on Ethics to initiate investigations when state officials fail to file financial disclosure reports.
Requires annual ethics training for elected municipal officials
Applies portions of the state ethics code to Enterprise Florida and Citizens Property Insurance Corporation.
Lobbyists at water districts must register and disclose under new ethics bill
Florida ethics bill: Lobbyists at independent taxing districts must register, disclose
Senate leaders want special districts covered by state lobbyist registration laws
Independent special districts: Where lobbyists ride free and the public is in the dark
Gov. Scott quietly rakes in millions from stock sales; Florida's blind trust law ineffective
Dan KrassnerDon Gaetzindependent special districtsIntegrity FloridaJack LatvalaKathleen PassidomoRick ScottSouth Florida Water Management District
The rise of a political rainmaker: Helping mayors of Miami-Dade, Broward find big money
Broward commissioner's father wants no-bid VAB contract worth $225,000 a year
HeadsUPFlorida / June 20, 2014
This is a good step in the right direction. Thanks Broward Bulldog for contributing to it. However, more is needed. How about financial AND performance audits of all the "off the record" organizations that are supported by public resources and influence public policy without any notice or input from private citizens. Remember "we the people"?
A1 Top Story, Department of Economic Opportunity, Governor, Guns, Pompano Beach, U.S. Attorney
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Broward's elections chief misled ethics commission about Scott's sham blind...
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The dilemma between choosing off-the shelf product vs developing the custom software through consultant is a never ending saga. Custom development services allow businesses to transform their daily operations into specific goal oriented apps. Unlike off-the-shelf IoT solutions, Custom IoT has the remarkable ability to run exactly the way we want it to.
Customised IoT Solutions are contrived by utilising the latest up-to-date technology. The system are developed exceptionally to satisfy the client's business requirements.
Any discontent or difficulty of the client that appear during the development process can be improved while the formulation of the software with customer permission and that is the most significant benefit of the customised development.
So no-one-size-fits-all concept work for IoT Solutions in every 6 / 10 scenarios.
Key Takeaway : Clients only have to pay for what's required for their business.
With customised IoT solutions , your infrastructure is maintained for as long as you require it to be. With off-the-shelf software, your business is at the mercy of the software / hardware developer that you are purchasing from.
e.g.: This is what happened to a leading consumer brand (washing machines) in India, whose water-flow and level sensor company was brought by a European Major, they decided to stop the product line completely in 30 days notice. Which lead to 21% business loss in 2013.
A major benefit that you get with custom business applications is an efficient and reliable technical support plan.
You will have full access to a technical support team that was involved in the development process of your application, so all your encountered problems are resolved in an efficient manner. – This is a major challenge when it comes to off-the-shelf IoT Solutions.
Customised Solutions develops collaborative cultures in organisations that want to make a mark in their industry.
The key to driving every desired result in organizations is collaboration.
A white paper by NASSCOM staged that High-collaboration and high-trust organisations outperform low collaboration and low-trust organisations by 286% in total return to shareholders.
Unlike Software Development , the field of IoT has unique needs for every implementation and attention to every details is very important so that solutions meet the needs of the business at the optimal cost and maintenance overhead.
e.g. Techuva Solutions had to do a 1 month study on a Telangana Government's IoT Project to just understand various parameters , thresholds and then order sensors from different part of the globe and had it assembled and installed. Though the Prototype Cost for Techuva and Lead time to complete the prototype was higher than suggesting an off-the-shelf product, but this customised package helped us to manage the 7 parameters much more effectively and accurately.
7. Infra Exposure (like Solar Power , DG Power, Backup, Security, Vandalism) etc.
e.g: Continuous Calliberation of values of hardware sensors becomes easy only if the core logic is re-programmable OTA (over the air) on a on-demand basis. this helped Techuva and the Client to reprogram / re-calliberate the solutions over 10 times without having the need to go the site.
Conclusion : " There is no magic-sauce for every problem nor there is a cookie cutter out there so solve things easily. So most problems of today needs personalised solutions to yield results faster. " – CEO, Techuva.


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Features on the refining ability,The electric arc furnace has stronger ability in dephosphorization desulfuration and deoxidation than induction furnace. The slag in induction furnace is cold; furnace slag temperature is maintained by molten steel. Electric arc furnace has the hot slag that is heated by electric arc furnace, the dephosphorization desulfuration can be completed by furnace slag that also will be sufficiently expansion for deoxidation. Therefore, the ability of being dephosphorized, desulfured and deoxidized is better than induction furnace.
Also the nitrogen content in electric arc furnace steelmaking is higher than induction furnace, because nitrogen molecule in the electric arc high temperature is ionized to atom that will be absorbed by molten steel. Nitrogen content in induction furnace is lower than electric arc furnace in alloy smelting, oxygen content is higher than electric arc furnace; alloy quick life value is higher than electric arc furnace.
Alloy element smelting in induction furnace has high metal recovery rate than electric arc furnace, the element volatilization and oxidation loss under the electric arc is big.
Alloy element smelting burn out ratio in induction furnace is lower than electric arc furnace, especially burn out ratio that alloy element of return scrap charged in vacuum furnace , electric arc furnace is higher than induction furnace.


If you're not doing some regular strength training, you are putting your future health and lifestyle at risk.
The loss of skeletal muscle as you get older, known as sarcopenia, results in limitations in physical function and mobility, which in turn lead to falls, loss of independence and possible institutionalisation.
If you've had your cholesterol levels checked lately and the doctor told you they were good, it doesn't necessarily mean you are at reduced risk for heart disease.
Researchers found that men who cycled intensely on a stationary bike for 45 minutes burned an extra 190 calories over the 14 hours following their workout. This was additional to the calories they used during the exercise.
Don't you hate it when you just can't remember something? And for many people it makes them start to worry that it may be the first signs of memory loss and dementia.
It is probably the thing people fear the most about getting older.
But it turns out that it doesn't take much effort to stave off the effects of aging on your memory and your mind.
Some people go on a diet. Others go to the gym. But in Japan a more novel way of losing weight is fast gaining popularity - wearing "fat burning" underwear.
A growing number of Japanese men and women keen to lose weight are slipping into underwear which claims to burn hundreds of calories a week, simply by wearing them.