The Golden faucet: The internal story of Hyper Funded Indian Startups, posted by using Roli Books,provides a primary–individual account of serial entrepreneur and angel investor Kashyap Deorah's journeyas an entrepreneur.
Deorah witnessed the first dotcom boom and bust cycle while he based Righthalf.com, a network–basedwebsite for creative ideas in 2000, from IIT Bombay's business incubator. He ultimately bought theorganisation to US-based Stratify, which in flip changed into acquired by using information servicescontrol agency Iron Mountain. Deorah then based Chaupaati Bazaar, a smartphone e-trade marketplace, which was eventually acquired via Futurebazaar in 2010, and Chalo, a payments app for table–providereating places, which became received by using OpenTable in 2013.
The book chronicles the tales of his colleagues and mentors who labored at leading internet corporationslike Amazon and Google during their early days, and provides an entrepreneur account of 3 increase cycles, which he has labeled as the internet Wave (1994-2002), Globalisation Wave (2003-2009) and the phoneWave (2010-present). The Golden faucet presents an honest narrative of India's hyper-funded startuplandscape, with many insider revelations, as well as analyzing the feasible stop–game of India's leadinge-commerce players. marketers can gain a number of insights from this e-book, and beneath, we've gotcrunched some of the most definitive takeaways and conclusions from the e book.
technological know-how fiction writer William Gibson has a famous quote – the destiny is already here —it's simply not very flippantly distributed. feasible and rapid–developing business models within theUS and China are probable to look a whole lot of funding interest in India. making an investment in the'this-of-that' approach, i.e. the Uber of India, is something that all international funds such as Sequoia Capital, Tiger international, Softbank, and Alibaba seem to do.
the only unicorn (a company with a $1 billion valuation) in India that is an exception to this rule is Zomato, which Deorah factors out, isn't always majority owned through overseas shareholders. Later in the book, Deorah shares a key perception on why a few copycat techniques may not work in India – startups see a unit sales that is best one-fourth or one-fifth of the usa, even as unit prices can be 1/2 or maybe similar to a US-primarily based company. In one of these state of affairs, the profits can turn out to benegative in some instances, he says.
whilst China has brought over a hundred net IPOs in chinese language and US markets, there are fewer public net groups than unicorns in India. best three venture–subsidized internet groups in India havelong past public – data aspect in 2007, MakeMyTrip in 2010, and JustDial in 3013, and all have been part ofTiger's portfolio. Softbank Asia Infrastructure Fund (SAIF), centered out of Hong Kong, additionally invested in MakeMyTrip and JustDial. those few Indian IPOs have did not construct or buy innovation and are shrinking in marketplace capitalisation, he provides.
Deorah posits that huge fundraising rounds can be an alternative to going public. these businesses canfunction like a hybrid of public and private companies – public of their capacity to provide liquidity topresent shareholders, non-public in their capability to hold valuations intently held, he says. theseorganizations will need to IPO in US markets, or get obtained by US or chinese language companies as an quit–sport strategy, he says. The most effective different option, as investment dries up, become for the organisation to scale the "mountain of expectancies" they promised of their pitch deck, with "reducingoxygen and a ticking clock".
As an angel investor, Deorah opinions irrationally exuberant commercial enterprise plans from youngmarketers who need to construct a unicorn, all mapped out on a spreadsheet, however with out a clearmarketing strategy tethered in truth.
Deorah says that startups that neither supply returns nor close down completely, are known as zombies, and each VCs and angel traders who're looking for 10x-100x returns to make up for the existing zombiesof their portfolio are brutally hesitant to again startups that don't have a big headroom for boom, for fear of 'losing their shirts', or 'taking a haircut'.
inside the book Deorah mentions that Lee Fixel prefers to again entrepreneurs from the Marwari Baniyanetwork with single or double digit IIT JEE ratings, who are first time marketers. Tiger worldwide is lightning rapid in deal making, and gets out of the entrepreneur's way after wiring the money, he provides. Indian VCs are usually cautious of betting on competition of agencies Tiger has guess on, and in sectorswhere they make the first guess, Tiger worldwide generally bets on a competitor. He cites some exampleswherein this state of affairs played out, along with Practo and Lybrate, Oyo Rooms and Zo Rooms, CarTrade and CarDekho. VCs put money into corporations waiting for just a few to succeed, to make up for the failures, whilst worldwide finances guess heavily on a marketplace leader, and purchase out stakes of existing shareholders, developing a robust incentive for angel and seed investments within thestartup surroundings, he says.
"Masayoshi Son's move to invest in Snapdeal a few months after Ebay's funding become exciting. This made it three gamers on the electricity table – Lee [Fixel, Partner, Tiger Global Management], conservingholding the Flipkart card, [Jeff] Bezos protecting the Amazon card, and [Softbank's Masayoshi] Son/Ebay at the same time protecting the Snapdeal card," writes Deorah at the turf for for dominance of the Indian e-commerce panorama. He ends the chapter with the aid of highlighting how the proprietor of the on line casino, i.e. Indian regulators, could determine to quit the show at any point, and the way all the largegamers are doing inventory-led B2C e-commerce disguised as a marketplace, because of FDI regulation.
The fundamental gamers appear to recognize this as well. "If our worldwide activities were discoveredto be in violation of any current or future %, Indian or different legal guidelines or guidelines or if interpretations of these legal guidelines and policies were to exchange, our groups in the onescountries could be difficulty to fines and other economic penalties, have licenses revoked, or be forcedto shut down absolutely," Amazon said in its SEC submitting for the financial 12 months ended December 31, 2014.
In chapter 10, titled the following India, Deorah combines his syncretic learnings from founding techcorporations in the east and west, by means of evaluating corporations to timber – specially the Sequoia and the Banyan Tree, comparing their boom approach. "organizations like trees, are likedwelling, breathing, developing organisms that aid an ecosystem of different trees, animals, birds andother sorts of life as they scale," he writes. US corporations are growth orientated, era driven, andtargeted, even as Indian corporations are diversified, survival orientated, and human pushed. whilst the previous prefers to do commercial enterprise thru contract, the latter loves to accomplish that viacommunique, he says.
you could examine a hard cut of this bankruptcy on his Linkedin Profile, or purchase the e book for the edited version.
down load the gadgets 360 app for Android and iOS to live updated with the state-of-the-art tech news, product reviews, and one-of-a-kind deals on the famous mobiles.


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Self-service key to managing more passengers at China's airports | SITA
Home > Pressroom > News releases > Self-service key to managing more passengers at China's airports
Self-service key to managing more passengers at China's airports
Location: Beijing
100% of China's major airports now provide check-in kiosks – self-service for baggage is next
China's airports are using self-service and other leading technologies to manage increasing passenger numbers which rose by 11% in 2014 and continue to rise. This is according to the 2015 SITA/ACI Airport IT Trends Survey. It reports that 100% of the airports surveyed now provide self-service check-in kiosks. By 2018, 77% will offer kiosks for self bag tagging and 68% will offer unassisted self-service bag drop and boarding. This indicates a strong progression to an end-to-end self-service passenger experience in China.
The research results represent the views of major airports in China which together serve more than 60% of all Chinese airline passengers. In this year's survey, 77% of Chinese airports rated passenger processing their number one priority, up from 53% last year. This demonstrates a greater emphasis on improving the traveling experience for passengers at the airport than seen previously.
May Zhou, Vice President, SITA China said: "Rising passenger numbers continue to present a challenge to China's airports in terms of infrastructure and resources. There is of course much construction and expansion underway but it will take some time to match the growth in traffic. Meanwhile, technologies such as self-service, mobile and business intelligence can improve the passenger experience today.
"These technologies can help airports provide faster check-in, real-time updates, reduced queues and faster aircraft turnarounds. All of the airports surveyed expect IT budget increases in 2016 which indicates that passengers in China will enjoy the benefits of investments in smart technology for smarter airports over the coming years."
Having a smarter airport means that operators must collect and use data to make better decisions. A majority of leading airports in China expect to put in place business intelligence initiatives over the next three years, particularly in areas such as passenger flow monitoring (82%) and airport operations (72%). This focus, mostly around passenger flow, once again shows the priority that airports in China are putting on passengers.
Improving the allocation of resources by tracking vehicles and other mobile assets around the airport is also set to become standard operational practice over the next three years and 90% of leading airports will have introduced this by the end of 2018.
A key area of investment by the airports is in mobile services for passengers. Flight status notifications via mobile are already provided by the majority of airports (77%) and 95% plan to offer them by the end of 2018. By then, two-thirds of airports (66%) also plan to introduce stress-reducing features, such as way finding and queue wait times.
Airports are also embracing social media and already 67% of China's major airports provide flight status notifications to passengers in this way. This is well ahead of the global average (33%) and is expected to increase to 95% over the next three years. When disruption or flight delays occur these airports are also using social media to communicate with passengers. It is the number one communication service implemented today and by 2018 will be in place at 95% of the airports surveyed.
*These survey results will be discussed during a webinar taking place today at 10am (China Standard Time) register here. Further details on the 2015 SITA/ACI Airport IT Trends Survey are available in English and Chinese.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jim Wroda conducted the auction for Keystone Convention in May 2011 in PA. The sale included 29 beaded purses from the collection of the late Marlene Funk. We believe that it is the first such large assemblage of these items – at least within our memory. It must have required attendance over a long period of time at estate and house sales to accumulate such variety! We thought it would be a nice way of remembering Marlene; to share these examples with our viewers.
Price results for purses sold are displayed under each item.
April 1923 Butler Brothers Wholesale Catalog.
"For behold, the day is coming, burning like an oven, and all the proud, yes, all who do wickedly will be stubble. And the day which is coming shall burn them up" says the Lord of hosts, "That will leave them neither root nor branch. But to you who fear My name the Sun of Righteousness shall arise with healing in His wings; and you shall go out and grow fat like stall-fed calves. You shall trample the wicked, for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet on the day that I do this," says the Lord of hosts.
Malachi, the concluding book of the Old Testament, has some distinctive characteristics. The Hebrew word mal-key can be translated "my messenger", a reference to the office of the prophet, not the actual name. This book is primarily a call to repentance for the wayward people of Israel, but with a word of hope as well. The prophet assures them that the Messiah will come.


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'Turkey Express' providing free turkeys to D209 families
Pick-up on Saturday at all three schools
Friday, November 20th, 2020 12:12 PM
Free turkeys are being provided to Proviso Township High School District 209 families on Saturday, Nov. 21, through "Turkey Express," courtesy of the D209 faculty and staff.
By Maria Maxham
Free turkeys are being provided to Proviso Township High School District 209 families on Saturday, Nov. 21, courtesy of the D209 faculty and staff, according to a press release from Nicole Wilson, communications director for the district.
Turkeys will be given to families with children attending Proviso East, Proviso West, or the Proviso Math and Science Academy.
The contactless drive-through distribution of turkeys will be held at each of the three D209 schools. One turkey will be given to each family, and those with kids at more than one school should pick up at the school their oldest child attends.
Here's how D209's Turkey Express works:
Pull into the school parking lot and provide the name of a parent.
Pop the trunk.
Wait while D209 staff puts a turkey in your trunk.
Drive off.
Turkeys are limited and will be distributed on a first come, first served basis. Once turkeys are gone, the parking lots will be closed.
Pick up turkeys at the school where your oldest child attends. Here's the schedule:
PMSA, 8601 Roosevelt Rd., Forest Park, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Proviso East, 807 S. First Avenue, Maywood, from 10:45 a.m. to 12:45 p.m.
Proviso West, 4701 Harrison St., Hillside from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.


For you vegans out there, tempeh is most likely on your weekly menu rotation but for the rest of you, I bet you've never tried it. Tempeh is a soy product made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process (without added salt). It is very different from tofu, having a dense, chewy, somewhat crunchy texture. Tempeh comes in a "cake", which may or may not be seasoned, and it's available in most supermarkets. I love it but I'm told it's an acquired taste.
You can prepare tempeh in a variety of ways. For this post, I experimented with sauces I had in the refrigerator. First, I sliced the tempeh into 1/2 inch rectangular pieces. Then I brushed the pieces with one of these sauces; wing sauce, peanut sauce and gyoza dipping sauce.
I placed the pieces in a hot pan for about 4 minutes per side, adding more sauce as needed. That's it. The tempeh is ready to eat. My favorite sauce was the gyoza dipping sauce (from Trader Joe's). Tempeh works well with this sauce and adding a few chopped scallions after grilling enhanced the flavor. You can serve grilled tempeh over brown rice, add it to salads, or eat it as a savory snack.
Nutrition Note: Because of the way tempeh is cultured, it is considered a probiotic, providing beneficial bacteria for gut health. It's a rich source of protein, with 16 grams of protein per 3 ounce serving. Tempeh is very low in carbohydrate and sodium but high in potassium and fiber.


And these are amongst the thousands of used-vehicle dealers who are functioning hand-in-hand with Wall Street to sell cars. Court records show that Capital One particular and Santander Consumer USA all bought loans arranged by Mr. Estrada, who pleaded guilty last year. Because then, Mr. Estrada was indicted on separate fraud charges in March by Richard A. Brown, the Queens district lawyer. That case is nevertheless pending. Moreover, lenders usually impose mileage restrictions (frequently one hundred,000 miles) and will not finance salvage-titled automobiles. Generally, click the next web page they will only fund loans for autos bought by means of a franchised dealership, not via a private celebration or independent dealer. In these situations, http://inesdonnithorne9.wikidot.com/ you'll have to get a deal loan. See beneath.Acquiring car loans may possibly sound like an effortless procedure, but by following some basic guidelines, you can be sure of a great deal. A top device maker, similar web site PassTime of Littleton, Colo., says its technology has lowered late payments to roughly 7 percent from nearly 29 percent. Spireon, which delivers a GPS device named the Talon, has a tool on its web site where lenders can calculate their return on capital.All it takes is for the dealer to lie to you about your credit score. After they do a credit check, they do not have to reveal what your score is, they can just tell you that you will not qualify for competitive financing prices. Tallying what the lenders have created off Ms. McLeod over the years is revealing. In 2007, when she earned $48,000 ahead of taxes, she was charged much more than $20,000 in interest on her numerous loans.Review your Credit Reports and FICO Scores. Pay certain interest to prior auto loans (usually weighted a lot more heavily in the customized credit score utilized by auto lenders). Attempt to fix any errors or negative info that may reduce your credit rating.If you have any kind of questions concerning where and how to use web link (jaclynmorrell2857.wikidot.com), you can contact us at the web link page. Of course, not all acquire here, pay right here" dealerships are unstable options. Do your investigation (such as checking the dealership's rating with the Greater Business Bureau ) and make certain the auto dealership reports your loan to the credit bureaus so you can start rebuilding your credit history.Interest prices for the average buyer taking out a lifetime loan are now three.7 per cent a year, down from five.7 per cent in 2013, according to economic advisor Important Retirement. If you are hopelessly upside down on a vehicle and need to have relief from that distressing debt , promoting the car and taking out a second loan to cover the damaging equity could be the ideal option.When you get financing for a automobile you are receiving a loan directly from a bank, dealership, or credit union to purchase the complete worth of the vehicle. You can negotiate the length of time needed to spend off the loan, the interest price and monthly payments. Fundamentally, if a car expenses $ten,000 and you only have $4,000 that you can pay proper away, you ask for the rest of the $six,000 in a loan and in return they charge interest that is spread more than the monthly payments for the duration of the loan.By taking out a % purchases card as an alternative, you can borrow the amount you need (delivering your credit limit stretches to this) with no becoming charged interest, as lengthy as you spend off the balance before the introductory period is up. This can be a lot more expense-efficient than taking out a private loan if you only require a tiny amount.Yellow Pages, Ms. McLeod finally decided to leave her marriage and acquire a home of her personal in February 2003. The price was $135,000, and her mortgage required no down payment since her credit history was great. Application is normally carried out at time of loan application and the month-to-month premium is usually incorporated in the month-to-month loan payment for added convenience.Products or services that the dealer may,offer you throughout a sale. These are in addition to the buy price of the auto.,Do not sign for any goods or solutions you don't want, as these will increase the quantity of your loan and payments over time.Evaluate your loan possibilities. Start comparing your loan options once you have located the auto you want or have an thought of what you're seeking for. Take into account the interest rate, fees and attributes of the loan to locate one particular that is correct for you.There are a quantity of things that can lead to poor credit, from an unexpected job loss to a well being emergency to poor monetary tips. Far too several borrowers get financing via their automobile dealer with no providing a second thought to whether this is genuinely the ideal deal. Due to the fact dealers frequently promote special promotional financing, it is extremely tempting to just take out a loan and hope for the very best.Fixed monthly repayments to suit your price range. The Monetary Conduct Authority is investigating possible irresponsible lending. The City watchdog is looking into how firms credit-score customers. Lings Cars, whose owner Ling Valentine appeared on BBC TV's Dragon's Den and boasts of being Britain's favourite auto finance lender, delivers an £18,000 Nissan Juke 1.5 diesel for a deposit of £528 and 35 monthly payments of £176.


cerulosplamin may be a marker of relapse and transferrin and apolipoprotein A-II may contribute to the evaluation of the treatment efficacy and avoiding a premature decision in Paracoccidioidomycosis.
Title: Ceruloplasmin, transferrin and apolipoprotein A-II play important role in treatment's follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis patients.
Our findings suggest that low hemoglobin levels may be associated with increased absorption of cadmium among HFE H63D homozygotes, and we found tentative evidence for a similar relationship between hemoglobin and cadmium among Transferrin P570S homozygotes. Finally we found evidence that low vitamin C intake may result in increased cadmium uptake, and this relationship appeared stronger among those with HFE H63D variants.
Title: Iron-processing genotypes, nutrient intakes, and cadmium levels in the Normative Aging Study: Evidence of sensitive subpopulations in cadmium risk assessment.
Plasma transferrin level was associated with severity of tremor in Parkinson's disease patients.
Title: Plasma transferrin level correlates with the tremor-dominant phenotype of Parkinson's disease.
High transferrin expression is associated with Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Title: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed by a combination of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase and brain-type transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid.
rs4525863, rs1880669, and rs2692695 SNPs of the TF gene might be a protective factor for ischemic stroke in Southern Chinese Han population.
Title: Associations of TF Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Ischemic Stroke.
Title: Iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) is detrimental whereas iron-free Tf confers protection against brain ischemia by modifying blood Tf saturation and subsequent neuronal damage.
Title: Rapid increase of 'brain-type' transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prognosis marker for cognitive recovery.
Data suggest that serum levels of biomarkers of iron status (ferritin, transferrin, and hemoglobin) are positively associated with risk of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.
Title: Markers of Iron Status Are Associated with Risk of Hyperuricemia among Chinese Adults: Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Transfeerrin saturation was associated with less severe anemia in early CKD patients.
Title: Serum Hepcidin and Iron Indices Affect Anemia Status Differently According to the Kidney Function of Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Korean Cohort Study For Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD).
Title: Iron-related gene variants and brain iron in multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.
Association of HFE and TMPRSS6 genetic variants with iron and erythrocyte parameters is only in part dependent on serum hepcidin concentrations.
Genome-wide admixture and association study of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity in African Americans.
Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci associated with iron deficiency.
Genome-wide association study identifies TF as a significant modifier gene of iron metabolism in HFE hemochromatosis.
Genome-wide association study identifies two loci strongly affecting transferrin glycosylation.
Identification of a common variant in the TFR2 gene implicated in the physiological regulation of serum iron levels.
Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis.
Variants in TF and HFE explain approximately 40% of genetic variation in serum-transferrin levels.
Homologs of the TF gene: The TF gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, and frog.
Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.


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Saturday protest planned to save walk-in centre
Campaigners aiming to keep the Station Plaza Walk-in Health Centre in Hastings town centre open plan to meet on Saturday to focus public attention on the threatened closure.
The meeting will take place outside the walk-in centre, next to Hastings Railway Station at 1pm. The protesters, all Hastings residents, want to reinforce their message to the local health authority that the proposed walk-in centre closure is a bad idea, particularly given its central location and the urgent health needs of local people.
The local Labour party has played a key role in the campaign to prevent the closure of the walk-in centre at the Station Plaza Health Centre
In early summer, proposals to close the crucial service and re-locate it to the Conquest Hospital were set out by the Hastings and Rother Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG), the organisation responsible for planning for the health needs of people across this part of East Sussex. Now, however, there are signs that the resident campaigners are being listened to.
Apart of the bid to save the centre from closure a 4,000 signature petition will be presented to Dr David Warden Chair of the Hastings and Rother Clinical Commissioning Group. Signatures were collected online and at regular weekend stalls in King's Road and town centre set up by members of the local Labour party.
Lead petitioner Erica Smith said this week: "It is good that our pressure has meant the CCG has now acknowledged residents' deep concerns. Moving the walk-in centre to the Conquest Hospital would mean it would no longer be accessible to the people who currently use it, particularly when in Hastings there is already a shortage of GPs.
"However, no confirmation that the closure threat has been lifted has been received. Currently, the walk-in service is open from 8am to 8pm. Because it is next door to Hastings station, it is easy to reach by public transport. On the Saturday morning, we will have a stall outside the Co –op in Ore, and a group of Ore residents plan to travel to the walk-in centre on the Number 20 bus to join the protest."
The protest will run from 1pm – 1.30pm, and everyone who attends will be encouraged to share their experiences of the support the health centre has given them and the reasons why they think the walk-in centre needs to stay in the town centre.
Local singer Lily Kim, whose infected foot was saved by the walk-in centre medical staff, will be performing to the crowd to show her support.
Shoulder to shoulder in the fight against cancer
Boost your career by becoming a school governor


OK kids, quick diversion. This is something I wanted to do for a little while now and I finally got my act together to make it happen.
I have calling cards now! I've had a lot of occasions where I'm talking to someone about my blog, and it's not QUITE got enough Google Juice to find by ALSFTS, so I wanted something proper to hand over. "Yeah, I actually wrote all about how I came to the diagnosis and what my symptoms are. It's at my blog which is..oh hell. Here's the info." And then hand over the card like a pro.
Of course I wanted a cheap option, and there are all kinds of sites out there that do the "250 cards! Free!" and then charge you for everything. "Oh, did you want INK on those? Well that's $5. Gloss? That's $5. Shipping? Fifteen dollars." Pffffft. I wound up at Printastic because I found they had the best templates and I'm NOT about to design my own shizz yet, I just wanted something quick. They had the usual free 250 cards thing, but only like two bucks for gloss and then I think 7 for shipping, so it's not bad at all. I didn't expect much, something better than a Post-It.
But they actually look really COOL (even if I do say so myself!) and are decent quality, not flimsy or anything. So hooray! Here's what they look like!
Now if you will excuse me, I'm going to go hand these things out like a BOSS.


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Justin Guitar.Com Ukulele Songbook
Following on from Justin Sandercoe's hugely successful Justinguitar.com Beginner's Course and his songbooks for Guitar, this is Justin's first Ukulele Songbook, featuring 25 great Ukulele songs for players of all ages.
Inside you will find 25 fantastic songs by artists like The Beatles, Daft Punk, John Legend, Bob Marley and so many more. Justin Sandercoe has expertly compiled some classic Ukulele songs, some contemporary pop songs and some vintage favourites into an easy-to-use and fun-to-play Ukulele Songbook that will bring out the best in your instrument.
This Ukulele chord book begins at the very start, with beginner songs for Ukulele that only use the most basic chords. So if you've just started to get to grips with the instrument, you can start here and progress through every tune in the songbook. Songs like I'm Yours and Stand By Me will introduce the fun that can be had with the Uke, before you move onto the other sections and get more serious. Sandercoe goes on to introduce some classic Ukulele songs, some contemporary pop hits, and even some songs that sound like they shouldn't work on a Uke, but totally do! - such as Get Lucky by Daft Punk and Happy by Pharrell Williams.
The Ukulele Songbook is written in the inimitable style of Justin Sandercoe, whose enjoyment of the Ukulele is evident in his enthusiasm for how fun and accessible it is. Every song in the songbook is arranged especially for the Ukulele, and comes accompanied by full lyrics, chord diagrams and strumming patterns to help you through anything tricky. It's more than a mere songbook, though, as Justin also gives you general performance tips within each song, helping you to perfect your playing and become a better Ukulele player overall.
Whether you're just starting out or you need some fresh songs for your repertoire, the Justinguitar.com Ukulele Songbook will give you a number of tunes, and tell you exactly how to play them. You'll be in safe hands with Justin Sandercoe, who has worked with thousands of pupils and has even been dubbed one of the most influential Guitar teachers in history. Check out this book of Ukulele chords and get strumming and singing along to these favourite hits.


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Miscarriage Compensation – The Battle in Strasbourg for Uk Justice
Posted on October 13, 2020 by Mark Newby
A challenge to the UK Miscarriage of Justice Compensation Scheme is now underway in the European Court of Human Rights following the refusal to declare the Governments test for compensation as incompatible with the presumption of innocence. This article discusses the history of this case and what is to be argued before the ECHtR.
On 30th January 2019 the Supreme Court delivered its decision in the case of R (on the application of Hallam) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for Justice (Respondent) R (on the application of Nealon) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for Justice (Respondent) [2019] UKSC 2[1]
This focussed on a long running legal fight over whether the wrongfully convicted should receive miscarriage of justice compensation.
This might be an issue which the lay observer might conclude is a misnomer, as it may be considered that it is obvious that if you are wrongfully convicted you should be compensated for what has happened to you. Yet the law has developed a remarkable ability on occasions to ensure that common sense outcomes can often be the least likely result to be delivered.
Take these cases for example. In the Hallam Case his conviction for murder was quashed ostensibly on the basis that the evidence pointed to the fact that he was not at the crime scene. In the Nealon case after 17 years the DNA evidence on a victims clothing was discovered to be that of an unknown male and not Victor Nealon's.
Yet legal absurdity it seems is never far away on this topic, take for example the case of Ian Lawless who was the only winning applicant in the cabal of miscarriage applicants in R on the application of (Ali & Others) v SSJ [2013] EWHC 72 (Admin)[2]. The unfortunate Mr Lawless had been convicted of his own confession to acting as lookout in a murder case, the confession was pure fantasy and the Court having heard Expert evidence from Gisli Gudjonsson, the world-renowned psychologist with expertise on false confessions, concluded the conviction was unsafe. The Secretary of State for Justice response was to boldly argue in Court that there was the prospect of Mr Lawless facing a re-trial even though the only evidence against him was his own confession. An argument swiftly dismissed by the Court.
Of course, not all the arguments over the scheme are based on a nonsensical proposition, and it is fair argument that the general public would not expect to see those who get their convictions quashed on a technicality benefiting from compensation. Take a murder case where a serious error is made in the trial but there remains a good deal of evidence against the appellant. The Court must quash if justice demands it, but no right-thinking person would expect compensation to follow, the only likely outcome will usually instead be a re-trial. Sometimes the evidence remaining may be extremely tenuous , but nonetheless a re-trial may be ordered .
Take for example the unfortunate Barry George one of the losing applicants in the Ali Case , where there was a re-trial this then in the Courts view operated to potentially extinguish their prospect of securing miscarriage compensation unless something arose in the re-trial that warranted compensation . This is even though few would consider that Barry George was appropriately convicted, and the re-trial Jury agreed.
It should also be remembered that the Court of Appeal Criminal Divisions approach is rigorous, if the court determines a conviction is unsafe then we can be sure in assuming that the Court has fully tested the evidence to make that determination , although it is extremely unlikely the Court would ever declare an appellant innocent as its focus as required by statute is only to determine safety . This has been illustrated recently in the cases of The Oval Four see for example the Courts judgment in R v Stephen Lawrence Simmons [ 2018 ] EWCA Crim 114 in this and the appeals that followed the Court through the Lord Chief Justice in quashing convictions as a result of a Police fit up said this at the end of the judgment :
"We would wish only to note our regret that it has taken so long for this injustice to be remedied"
If that is evidence of the difficulty the Court has in addressing cases where someone may be innocent , no such issue arises with regard to quashing convictions on what is regarded as a technicality . However these cases have created an uncomfortable tension in developing a system seeking to avoid compensating those who were deemed "lucky " to get their convictions quashed and the genuine victim of a miscarriage of justice . It was an issue which engaged the Supreme Court in R (on the application of Adams) and others v Secretary of State for Justice [2011] UKSC 18 [3]
This was also a tension which then fell to be pontificated upon by the Politicians during the Coalition Government and was led by the Secretary of State for Justice Chris Grayling, this represents a particularly unedifying period of justice governance. In fact, almost without exception, every reform introduced in this period has fallen, yet the damage caused to the plight of the wrongfully convicted remains unchecked.
To understand what is at stake it is necessary to deconstruct what the complex jurisprudence says on this issue, it is complex and has been subject to considerable divergent judicial interpretation having uniquely been twice before the Supreme Court and previously before its earlier construct the House of Lords Committee . No constitution which deliberated upon the case could easily agree.
The following slides from a recent lecture to Manchester University on the issue might help break down the issue:
This was the starting point for the establishment of what was a discretionary scheme and has ultimately developed into the statutory test we now have in place. This was the governments international commitment to establishing a miscarriage compensation scheme.
14( 6 ) made clear that where the newly discover fact which would be the fresh evidence leading to the quashing of the conviction showed a miscarriage of justice had occurred then compensation would follow the event .
This was then established in Section 133 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 as amended and as can be seen from the above slide , the original test required it to be shown beyond reasonable doubt that that as a result of the newly discovered fact that there had been a miscarriage of justice .
This led to a range of jurisprudence on the issue as various applications for compensation which were refused brought challenges before the Court .
There was a focus on what amounted ot a miscarriage of justice and this was considered by the House of Lords in R (Mullen) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 18; [2005] 1 AC 1 .
This case rested on a judicial disagreement between Lord Steyn and Lord Bingham on what amounted ot a miscarriage of justice. Lord Steyn expressed the view that this phrase only extended to the conviction of someone subsequently shown to be innocent. Lord Bingham of Cornhill expressed doubt as to whether this was correct. Both were agreed that section 133 was enacted to give effect to article 14(6) and that the meaning of the latter should govern the interpretation of the section. They were not, however, agreed as to the meaning of article 14(6) .
Other decisions included R (Murphy) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] EWHC 140 (Admin), [2005] 1 WLR 3516; R (Clibery) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] EWHC 1855 (Admin); In re Boyle's Application [2008] NICA 35; R (Allen) (formerly Harris) v Secretary of State for Justice [2008] EWCA Civ 808, [2009] 2 All ER 1; R (Siddall) v Secretary of State for Justice [2009] EWHC 482 (Admin).
When the Supreme Court was tasked to clear the matter up in Adams they adopted a modified description of the 4 tests advanced by Lord Dyson in the Court of Appeal namely:
Where it showed a defendant was innocent of the crime ('category 1')
Where it was such that, had it been available at the time of the trial, no reasonable jury could properly have convicted the defendant ('category 2')
Where it rendered the conviction unsafe in that, had it been available at the trial, a reasonable jury might or might not have convicted the defendant ('category 3')
Where something had gone seriously wrong in the investigation of the offence or the conduct of the trial resulting in the conviction of someone who should not have been convicted ('category 4')
The Court concluded that Category 1 cases were clearly covered by s 133. However, the majority (Lord Phillips, Lord Hope, Lady Hale, Lord Kerr and Lord Clarke) held that the ambit of s 133 was not restricted to category 1 as it would deprive of compensation some defendants who were in fact innocent but could not establish this beyond reasonable doubt.
The Majority considered that a wider scope was plainly intended at the time of the drafting of Article 14(6). Even though it would not guarantee that all those entitled to compensation were in fact innocent, the test for 'miscarriage of justice' in s 133 (in more robust terms than category 2) was as follows:
'A new or newly discovered fact will show conclusively that a miscarriage of justice has occurred when it so undermines the evidence against the defendant that no conviction could possibly be based upon it' 55.
It should be noted that in the Ali Case when looking at the case of Ian Lawless the Tribunal had concluded that the only effective evidence was that of his own false confession to the murder. Accordingly, there was no other evidence upon which the jury properly directed could have returned a guilty verdict. It is not accepted that the Court had left the position confusing as The Right Honourable Damian Green MP introducing the Government Bill asserted, the Court was simply carefully applying the Adams Test and in doing so regretably declined all the other claimants.
And so, the Government passed the new law as in the below slide, it was subject to a chequered parliamentary journey and the House of Lords did its best to try to water down the proposal (including some members of the original court constitution in Adams). The compromise wording was no compromise at all, however.
It now required the applicant to prove beyond reasonable doubt that they did not commit the offence as a result of the newly discovered fact. We argued that this was wholly wrong and effectively required a person to prove their innocence a second time. The governments answer to this was to seek to make an artificial distinction between general innocence and the newly discovered fact.
However, this represented it was submitted a direct breach of Article 6 (2) of the ECHR which enshrined the fact that a person was entitled to the presumption of innocence.
The Court was of the view that this was not a "lex specialis" that is to say a special case not to apply Article 6 ( 2 ) . It considered these issues in the case of Allen considered in the ECHtR. This was a case considered under the old miscarriage of justice compensation test before the coalition government amendment .
The Court at that time concluded that the language deployed in making the assessment at the time had not employed language which was incompatible with the presumption of innocence . It was argued however that if the Court came to consider the working of the new test it would conclude the presumption of innnocence had been so breached .
By the time the Case of Hallam and Nealon reached the Court of Appeal the arguments and views of the Court had developed and the Court of Appeal accepted there was a clear and consistent line of authority that article 6 ( 2 ) applied to Section 133 as amended but considered that in the ECHtR considered the matter it would not find a breach . The Court considered itself bound by Adams .
So the stage was set for the Supreme Court to consider the issues . We invited the Court to follow the "clear and consistent" line of authorities from Strasbourg .
We asked the Court to conclude that the Governments new test was incompatitble with Article 6 ( 2 ) as it called into doubt the innocence of the applicant .
Justice intervened following publicaiton of its Report on the plight of the wrongfully convicted [4] Supporting Exonerees: ensuring accessible, continuing and consistent support .
As they summmarise on their website :
"This report demonstrates how the criminal justice system fails to understand the issues facing exonerees: including practical assistance needed upon release, the negative impact of incarceration on mental health and the difficulties readjusting to everyday life. Exonerees do not receive the services and support needed to acclimatise and return to normal life upon release from prison. We note that some support services are available, but these are poorly resourced, often do not address the complex range of problems faced by exonerees and are largely available on an ad hoc basis. We recommend ambitious development of existing services that would provide accessible, consistent and continuing support for exonerees.
We also set out that measures for exonerees should go further than financial and non-financial support and include a public acknowledgement that a wrong has happened.
We make 14 recommendations for reform, including:
Better management of the transition from incarceration to release.
The need for specialist psychiatric care.
The setting up of a residential service to provide practical and welfare support to exonerees.
An independent body to determine whether applicants are eligible for compensation.
Automatic compensation for wrongful imprisonment, subject to certain exceptions.
An apology and explanation of the failure that leads to a quashed conviction and, where necessary, a public inquiry."
So over 2 days in May 2018 battle lines were drawn for the Supreme Court to consider the issue of whether the government was breaching the presumption of innocence and this was broadcast to the media and interest parties[5]
Judgment was handed on 30th January 2019 and the Court to the disappointment of the wrongfully convicted and many interested parties refused the appeal and found in favour of the Government on a 5:2 Majority. It may be summarised as follows:
And so, the Applicants have now accepted the Courts tacit invitation to refer the case to the ECHtR.
What is happening now ? The cases can take some time to navigate through the Court due to the demands upon the Court , but the case is now in what is called a "friendly settlement" Stage , however the UK Governent is unlikely to seek settlement as it is clearly in their interest to minimise the amount of compensation claims it considers .
Once this stage is completed in November the case will advance to further Court directions and it is to be hoped this will lead to the case progressing in front of the Grand Chamber as soon as practicable .
We argue that the way in which this has developed is simply wrong and is wholly detached from the plight of those the Court has declared as wrongfully convicted . We strongly agree with Lord Kerr that phraseology should not determine the ability of those who may be innocent but may not be able to prove it from being denied compensation .
The Supreme Court ( save for the disenting voices ) seem to have taken the case as a vehicle to attack the Jurisprudence of the Court of Human Rights , but how does that help the people who find their lives destroyed by a miscarriage of justice , denied their lives for years if not decades and released into an "alien world" , many of them never recover from what has happened to them , they suffer signficant mental health consequences and are unable to cope with the world they now find themselves parachuted back into .
There is no support or safety net , it is as if they do not matter , they are the forgotten victims of our justice system .
We have held ourselves up as having a justice system to be admired across the world, yet when Iran and China have a better record of compensating the wrongfully convicted there is something serious wrong. See for example this recent BBC News Report - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-53666557
To some degree this is part of a wider theme of how we also deal with miscarriages of justice and this is illustrated by the approach to older historical miscarriages of justice (a topic for our next article).
The only hope now is to get the case heard in Strasbourg as soon as practicable, particularly as the Government continues to make murmurings about wanting to withdraw from the ECHtR and establish its own bill of rights.
Some may well rightly think such a proposal has less to do with putting a post Brexit UK in charge of its own legal rights and has more to do with diminishing the ability of citizens to challenge their government.
Mark Newby
Download a PDF Version Here
Blog-Article-Miscarriage-of-Compensation-V5-numbered-1Download
[1] https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2019/2.html
[2] https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2013/72.html
[3] https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2010-0012-judgment.pdf
[4] https://justice.org.uk/supporting-exonerees-ensuring-accessible-continuing-and-consistent-support/
Posted in: Criminal Defence
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Harvest Time on the Server Farm (Reaping the Net's Body Politic)
By Roy Ascott, Sara Diamond, Geert Lovink and Pauline van Mourik Broekman, 10 September 2000
Connecting People Apart
0 Comments 7444 Reads Print
Featured in Mute Vol 1, No. 18 – I Am The Network
The 'Internet Revolution' is nearly a decade old. But what type of 'revolution' is it, and what type of revolutionaries are net users? The worlds of digital art and theory have gone round the houses on these questions; Pauline van Mourik Broekman caught up with three of their members - Sara Diamond, Roy Ascott and Geert Lovink - to get an update on the state of conflict
There is no anno domini for Internet time: its converging technologies and overlapping histories do not easily lend themselves to one linear story. 60s guru Marshall McLuhan called communication technologies the extensions of man; e-business bible Wired heralded the Internet as a revolutionary medium; influential sociologist Manuel Castells calls the political landscape it helped create 'the network society'. But, since the mid 1990s — the time of the Net's first 'big bang' — it was arguments over its social character that vitalised the net community. Fought everywhere from the media to the academy, zines, lists and conferences, these philosophical gang wars seem to have lost their ferocity (perhaps even their raison d'être) now the Net has been normalised. In the public imagination, extropians, hi-tech Buddhists and hackers — all of whom claimed the Net as quintessentially theirs — have been replaced by online shoppers, e-traders and dot com entrepreneurs. At the same time, metaphors from its heyday — of out-of-control hives and other biological systems — continue to permeate popular discourse; the new lexicon can accommodate 'global brains' and 'emergent orders' very well. So, what is the Net's body politic, roughly seven years into the Internet 'revolution'? Can we even speak of 'bodies' anymore? Pauline van Mourik Broekman chewed these issues over via email with three members of another Internet-bound tribe, the digital art community: Sara Diamond, artistic director (MVA) of the Banff Centre for the Arts, Roy Ascott, pioneering electronic artist and Geert Lovink, speculative media theorist.
PB: Whatever your point of view, one fact is inescapable — and that's the degree to which computerisation has penetrated biological research at every level. It's now impossible to posit a discrete natural or biological realm — if it ever was — with technology mediating every stage of scientific analysis. Despite the fundamental impact on the natural world that IT also causes, are these nevertheless just reiterations of very old questions about nature and nurture, nature and technology and nature and the production of value? Or do you think the emergence of 'bioinformatics' is symptomatic of something altogether different, a 'bioconsciousness' perhaps? And how would you describe the role the Internet has played in this change?
RA: 'Biological research' covers a vast field, with DNA and genetic engineering currently in the media spotlight. But neuroscience and the study of consciousness are equally significant. Indeed that is where the greatest challenge to science lies. We know almost nothing about consciousness, and yet that is finally what defines us as human beings and where the most significant transformations of self can take place.
Now, the Internet can be seen as an extension of mind, just as the book has been. However its structure is inherently non-linear and associative, in ways that are very similar to mental processes. These qualities enable thought to leak through boundaries with the effect of making minds in cyberspace more permeable. A kind of collective intelligence such as Pierre Lévy describes may emerge. Ultimately, this is all a question of language.
PB: Geert, do you also see this uncanny similarity between, and thus easy permeability of, one 'associative' system and another? Is the self, your self, being transformed by the Net?
GL: The Self, as I understand this psychoanalytic term, has no relation either to biology or to technology. It is formed within a very broad context of culture and civilisation and, individually, by early socialisation. I read Roy's work strictly in political terms, as a pre-Enlightenment romantic escape route for tired post-modern people, fed up with the world, the Internet, contemporary art and the young generation in general. These bio-centred metaphors for technology display a great eagerness to excise layers of society, power, race, gender, even business.
For me the Self is a somewhat tragic notion. The damage is already done — by growing up in this world which is, in essence, neither good nor bad. The question should be whether technology will function as armour or enhancement for the Self: will it help us to navigate or isolate ourselves from the world's complexities?
RA: It would be helpful if Geert were to address some of the first questions. Instead he chooses to make rather sullen assertions/assumptions about me, framed in the old language of sociology. The Internet, contemporary art and the current generation are central to the world view I espouse and fill me with the most exhilarating enthusiasm and optimism. Romantic? Yes! Pre-enlightenment? Well that covers a vast field of ideas and ideologies. Post-enlightenment? For sure. Escape route? Try portal.
In my view, it's not a matter of either/or (armour/enhancement; navigation/isolation) but both/and. Technology offers the means of (re-)constructing the self and the world. The contemporary artist can contribute to this perspective by showing, amongst other things, what transformations of the world and of oneself are imaginable and conceivable. The value of the Internet in these endeavours should not be underestimated.
GL: I agree with this analysis. I would never underestimate the Internet. It certainly changes our communication abilities, but I see the 'global brain' strictly as a metaphor. The same counts for the 'digital city' (a project in which I have been involved) and other urban metaphors: they help us to understand the new. But both will eventually become irrelevant and die out.
PB: Roughly seven years into the 'Internet Revolution' there seems to be a broad consensus that the Net has essentially become a corporate led and dominated environment — although many question the way this viewpoint romanticises and misconstrues its early history.
GL: The future of the Net is still open, at least on a conceptual level. On the other hand, I do think that a particular part of the Net is rapidly closing down. It is going to get harder for artists etc. to get their content to mass audiences. AOL, Microsoft and all the rest, from Bertelsmann to Murdoch owned media, and all those with major stakes in portals are spreading fear amongst content gatekeepers not to miss the boat. Strong pressure is being exerted by the mainstream to cater to its tastes. At the same time lots of opportunities are opening up on the (meta) level of software, peer-to-peer networks, open source initiatives, streaming media. I don't condemn the corporate take-over, it is a reality now — one which can be analysed and countered, perhaps even overruled and circumvented.
RA: Agreement again! It was ever so since the early years, always a conceptual challenge; the circumvention of imposed norms, countering corporate strategy, creating new models and metaphors — this has been the name of the game since we first started using networks over twenty years ago.
As a channel, the Internet can link minds, as an instrument it can enhance systems, as an environment iT can accommodate new kinds of community. Let's start from where we seem to agree: in itself the Net is nothing, can do nothing. But I think it is not too simplistic to suggest that it can be useful to human development from three points of view: as a channel, as an instrument, and as an environment. As a channel it can link minds, as an instrument it can enhance systems, as an environment it can accommodate new kinds of community. The degree to which this affects consciousness, biology and social organisation depends on its relative ubiquity, the subtlety of its interfaces and its information-bearing capacity; and above all perhaps its affordance of interactive and transformative process. After the 'seven years' that Pauline mentions the rate of progress is indeed disappointing.
SD: I have to say that I am far from writing off the Internet and the complex of networked communications as "essentially a corporate-led, corporate-dominated environment". There is such tremendous hybridity within the Internet for one thing. Secondly, we are at a moment of confrontation, where there is a struggle for power between groups and organisations over the nature and design of networked communications. Thirdly there is in fact, due to all of these processes, more access to the Internet as a space where struggles over consciousness, what is public, what is individual and what is collective can — and do — occur. Fourth — and this is a critical point — there is a promising collective praxis bridging activism, intervention, pastiche and new artistic forms: "Radical corporations in an era of corporations," as RtMark puts it.
Perhaps my final point in this list is that, with increased access, I see cultural praxis of a sophisticated nature emerging from aboriginal groups on the Internet (there is a major movement towards aboriginal Internet radio, for example). Life on the margin may not necessarily be about being a provocateur of activism or change.
Playing for what is international (rather than global), shared (rather than mass-culturally enforced), local and specific (and often the most resonant) is critical. And as Roy suggests, Internet culture is highly performative, and hence still allows for this play, invention and mobility — all of which are survival needs for the 21st century. In this sense, and without any reference to a utopian project, there is a dispersed potential for new types of identity formation. Groups use the Internet to remap local power — to create bridges within their urban spaces. Through these different pathways people make fundamentally different kinds of meanings from the same knowledge.
This also leads me to language: I am fascinated by the tension between the invention of words, reclamation of words and repurposing of words. The Net has of course been a location for rampant appropriation and invention of this kind. In particular, with a term like 'community' which, embraced by the liberal Left as well as by identity politicians in the late l980s and early 1990s, was also a child of American violence in Central America and Vietnam, and enabled the reciprocal gating of spaces to function, ultimately, as a protection against difference.
Looking at the last ten years, there have been a number of preoccupations that have served as lighting rods for Internet development. First and foremost was the emergence of new social formations and communities, while the outlaw imagery of the hacker dominated the Net — the hacker, actually a product of military and scientific culture, was the last of the twentieth century heroes. I see a fundamental irony in the fact that this figure is now becoming a trope of mass culture at the very moment that the World Wide Web is becoming a mass communications and entertainment system. The hacker ensures that discussions remain tainted with either utopian or dystopian visions of the future.
This is where I question allusions Roy's made in the past to Heidegger, and ideas of the virtual space as a state of transcendent mind, one capable of healing the historical western rupture of time and space. I also question the associated notion of the Web as an expressive state, somehow positioned beyond representation and as experiential, not referential.
Understandably, a related concern of the early part of this decade was the problem of the virtual. How do we make meaning without suture? Is it through free fall? What are the politics of hallucination, loss of balance, 'navigation'? And how do these align with the self-conscious analysis of language that was such a part of the l980s? In 'navigating' — a frictionless passage through deterritorialised space — what are the social and political assumptions about the territory navigated, the identity of the navigators, their responsibility or relationship to the spaces traversed? And why the metaphor of territory in a time when post-colonial discourse was unravelling power relationships and their presence within metaphor.
Cyberculture was the last frontier; the problem of virtual experience connected directly to the final ground of concern, the body. I think this is a discourse we need to remain tightly engaged with, so to speak. The body as present, not transcendent; the body as desirable.
As I have implied, until recently cyber theorists disdained identity politics. This was an ironic stance for members of a subculture created by hackers and academics but also, at least temporarily, chaos theory and fractal mathematics became panaceas for social and economic analysis in a time of crisis — precisely at the moment when other universal and determinist theories such as Marxism and structuralism had hit the dustbin of historical materialism.
The Net is still an environment shared by effective left-wing solidarity machines and the neo-right electoral apparatus. It substitutes for the erasure and incursion into public space and as such offers a rich ground by which to consider the potentials of subcultural subversion. This means the level of conflict on the Internet has in fact intensified.
GL: Yes, it's unbearable to live without anchors and everyone needs his or her own church — that seems all too human. But, I can also see a flaw in identity-based community work.
Today, the underlying idea is one of self-organisation. No identity but one's own: cultural apartheid in the original (Dutch/Boer) meaning of 'separated development'. We can be happy about the identity-building of the Other, even encourage its expression and support it morally and financially, but that's it. A context of plenty is likely only to increase this drive towards 'sovereignty within one's own circle' — another of these Dutch ideas.
Arts, culture, politics will not be constitutional, but recreational — relegated to the after-hours of society. At the same time, this does mean that we can expect the discussions about operating systems, interfaces and censorship to increase. That's what people on a global scale will share.
SD: I do agree with this, mostly. After all, look at late night US reality TV and you will see that pleasure resides not only in self help or 'sovereignty within one's own circles' but also very much in the voyeuristic access to the Other. Pain and gain. However, I don't think that the complete commodification is here yet — rather, there are different forms of commodification: some by big capital, some by little, some by para-economies.
PB: This is very interesting: the tug and pull between representations of identity and difference as either incarcerating or expressive and liberating. This 'own circle sovereignty' equates with a honing down of market demographics into ever finer slices. In the offline environment, for example, large-scale publishers have recently started acquiring special interest magazines they previously wouldn't have touched (e.g. in the Hobbyist category) as vehicles with which to then go online — an environment they clearly see as totally determined by very specific user preferences. If we're to face the fact that we're tribal in our cultural consumption, then where are the areas of properly experimental and dialogic commonality?
GL: At some stage, the new media arts system, consisting of festivals, exhibitions, discourses and a tiny, vital social life, may disappear altogether. The current implicit 'civil war' between the so-called contemporary arts mafia and the much smaller new media arts scene may soon lose its meaning. We can already see that happening with video.
What is missing now, in my view, is an understanding of the new position of new media arts and its telematic experiments in a wider context. I wonder why Roy is often so preoccupied with the role of the engineer: what makes them such an interesting species? Why does he always leave out the term media and narrow down technology to a hard core science? I think this fascination with the (exclusive) laboratory culture is something of the past — technology has spread now, it's in the hands of people.
RA: Actually, Geert, I largely agree with you. My take on science comes from the metaphors and models of scientists working at the edge of their discipline or breaking new ground between fields. Scientists as a whole may be more institutionally constrained than we are but the radicals really are wild. In fact, I'm not sure it is so very different in the art world. Our Damien Hirsts and Tracey Emins also come from extremely tight 'academic' frameworks working within quite precise parameters of the 'new' (mostly à la late sixties and seventies shock/schlock).
My search for ideas takes me into many realms that could be classed as scientific but stand way outside the validated research establishments. That takes me also across cultures and back in time, often in what is usually deemed/damned as esoteric.
SD: This context, or complex of contexts, has been in crisis for a long, long time: festivals, galleries, museums, artist-run centres too. The crisis is one of historical function. Radical museology has most recently been about absorbing its own institutional critique into presentation. The museum becomes a site for the reinterpretation of collections and repositioning of subjectivities. This is happening at the same moment as the blockbuster show, which is a return to the museum of the 19th century and before — as a place of spectacle, mostly about the Other.
Now the spectacle is the spectacle of creativity in a time without time. Some of my cynicism about the emerging institutional presence of video is due to video in the museum being the video of spectacle. Why haven't museums and galleries become broadcasters, or rather narrow casters, streaming an archived collection? Why do they care so much about their real estate as opposed to their social agency?
PB: Roy, I'm very bemused at your characterisation of Tracey Emin and Damien Hirst as coming out of the tight strictures of an academy.
RA: It's neo-schlock based in an uncritical reverence for commodities. It's the déjà vu of tableaux and frozen moments that is so depressing; the imperialism of the object. What could better support the centre right cause? They juggle 'signs of the New' while eschewing any kind of real creative innovation.
SD: Why is the Right so able to reach consensus though where critical thinking is not? What should a cultural program look like now — a nice fractured program?
GL: The Right is not in power, I would say. Neither is the Left. These are outdated categories. I know, this statement is a banality but it is really true! So much of the political Will is focused on harnessing the fears and desires of the ever-growing middle class. That's the Third Way. So we have to understand the secret, unconscious streams. What do they want? A normal, decent life? Less work, more leisure? Basic infrastructure? Public facilities? For me that's where a fractured program would start. Reinventing the public sphere(s), on the edges of the (nation) state and the (global) market.
RA: Tapping into "the secret, unconscious streams". The artist's role as always. But 'reinvention' could sound rather top-down in conception, whereas presumably we all look to the artist (inter alia) as seeding new culture(s) rather than laying out master plans or blueprints for others. My interest is in the artist contributing to life at the edge of the Net, which in many ways corresponds to the edges of the (nation) state and the (global) market. In my view, this is where a 'moist' culture — where dry computational systems converge with wet biology — will likely emerge.
GL: Reinvention is not at all top-down and I am not sure if artists have a higher consciousness and greater sensibility in this field: they're not such meta humans.
RA: What does it mean to say everyone is an artist? Do we mean in potential or in practice?
In many places the semiology of the public sphere — terminology like 'public library', 'museum' and 'town hall' — needs a makeover. It used to speak for authorised knowledge, classification, boundaries, centralisation. All that is being continuously rethought of course. Public education, too, may need to give way to new forms of accessing and navigating knowledge. As much as privatised education is abhorrent to me, so the massification of public education has been disastrous (in the UK the whole curriculum is prescribed from the centre and endlessly and rigorously enforced, assessed, and subject to accountability to the degree that over 40 per cent of time is taken as sick leave by the desperately stressed out teachers). Net culture shows signs of eliciting new possibilities for education: where it deals more with the navigation of knowledge fields than the ordered ingestion of authorised blocks of knowledge, it could be brought forth and cultivated.
What is truly dangerous is that, in between the failure of public education in the States (for example) and the dithering uncertainties of political will regarding cyberspace, the private operators are moving in with truly crass ideas about commercialising education to remove the 'burden' from local authorities. So neither public education (to the extent that it means centralised or uniform) nor commercial education will do. Some visionary pragmatism is needed here.
PB: In the UK, the term 'creative industries' is now commonly used in the spheres of media, government, education and economic policy to bracket a previously unrecognised cluster of activities which, although diffuse and not obviously lucrative, taken together contribute significantly to national income. The term is a special favourite of British Culture Secretary Chris Smith and has begrudgingly been adopted by many working in the cultural field. As such, it forms a cornerstone of UK arts funding policy — and education. What role do you think this convergent area, in which what used to be called 'applied' and 'fine' arts coexist, has for government and politics?
GL: If it exists in the first place, this 'emerging' phenomenon of 'creative industries' has come into being in spite of government policy, not because of it. Politicians should be ashamed of themselves and shut their mouth. In fact, quite the opposite is true — governments are now fighting over the accumulated symbolic capital of cultural production, claiming it as a result of their homeopathic surgeries in the cultural scenery. This is not only a question of window dressing and appropriating the work of countless cultural workers who have never seen any reward (or have been paid too little for a very long time), but there is also a serious lack of vision and willingness to take risks. Third Way policies are not changing this. Their logic is: you take the risk and we claim the result.
Roy Ascott <roy_ascott AT compuserve.com>Sara Diamond <sara AT banff.org>Geert Lovink <geert AT xs4all.nl>Pauline van Mourik Broekman <pauline AT metamute.com>
Related sitesThe Banff Centre for the Arts [http://www.banff.org], Nettime [http://www.nettime.org] and CAiiA STAR [http://www.caiia-star.net]
Special Insert: Net.Politics (The revolution shall not be criticised?)
InfoEnclosure 2.0
The Immaterial Aristocracy of the Internet
Crash Media Interview with Backspace's Giorgio D'Angelo
Media Lab Culture in the UK


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text:
using System;
using DeclarativeSql.Annotations;

namespace DeclarativeSql.Tests.Models;

[Table(DbKind.SqlServer, "Person", Schema = "dbo")]
public class Person
{
#pragma warning disable CS8618
    [PrimaryKey]
    [AutoIncrement]
    public int Id { get; set; }

    [Column(DbKind.SqlServer, "名前")]
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public int Age { get; set; }

    public bool HasChildren { get; set; }

    [CreatedAt]
    [DefaultValue(DbKind.SqlServer, "SYSDATETIME()")]
    public DateTimeOffset CreatedAt { get; set; }

    [ModifiedAt]
    [Column(DbKind.MySql, "UpdatedOn")]
    [DefaultValue(DbKind.MySql, "SYSDATETIME()")]
    public DateTimeOffset ModifiedAt { get; set; }
#pragma warning restore CS8618
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Bibliographical Guide to Biblical Studies
Job >
Albertz, R. (1981), 'Der sozialgeschichtliche Hintergrund des Hiobbuches und der "Babylonischen Theodizee"', in J. Jeremias and L. Perlitt (eds.), Die Botschaft und die Boten: Festschrift für H. W. Wolff (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag), 349–72.
Alonso-Schökel, L. (1977), 'Toward a Dramatic Reading of the Book of Job', Semeia, 7: 45–59.
Andersen, F. (1976), Job: An Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press).
Clines, D.J.A. (1989), 'Job', in B. W. Anderson (ed.), The Books of the Bible, (New York: Scribners), 181–201.
Crenshaw, J. L. (1972), 'Wedōrēk ῾al bamotê᾽ âreṣ', CBQ 34: 39–53.
———(1980), 'Impossible Questions, Sayings, and Tasks', in J. D. Crossan (ed.), Gnomic Wisdom (Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press), 19–34; repr. in Crenshaw (1995), 265–78.
———(1986), 'Youth and Old Age in Qoheleth', HAR 10: 1–13; repr. in Crenshaw (1995), 535–45.
———(1992), 'Job, Book of', ABD iii. 858–68; repr. Crenshaw (1995), 426–68.
———(1995), Urgent Advice and Probing Questions (Macon: Mercer University Press).
Crüsemann, F. (1980), 'Hiob und Kohelet: Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis des Hiobbuches', in R. Albertz et al. (eds.), Werden und Wirken des Alten Testaments: Festschrift für Claus Westermann (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht), 373–93.
Damico, A., and Yaffe, M. D. (eds.) (1989), Thomas Aquinas: The Literal Exposition on Job (Atlanta: Scholars Press).
Dekker, H. (ed.) (1952), Sermons from Job: John Calvin (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House).
Dhorme, E. (1967), A Commentary on the Book of Job (London: Nelson).
Fishbane, M. (1985), Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Clarendon).
Geller, S. A. (1987), 'Where is Wisdom? A Literary Study of Job 28 in Its Setting', in J. Neusner, B. Levine, and E. S. Frerichs (eds.), Judaic Perspectives on Ancient Israel (Philadelphia: Fortress), 155–88.
Girard, R. (1987), Job: The Victim of his People (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Glatzer, N. N. (1969), The Dimensions of Job (New York: Schocken).
Good, E. M. (1988), 'Job', HBC 407–32.
———(1990), In Turns of Tempest: A Reading of Job with a Translation (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Gordis, R. (1978/5738), The Book of Job (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America).
Gutiérrez, G. (1987), On Job: God Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books).
Habel, N. C. (1985), The Book of Job (Philadelphia: Westminster).
Hausen, A. (1972), Hiob in der französischen Literatur (Berne: Herbert Lang).
Hoffman, Y. (1996), A Blemished Perfection (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press).
Hurvitz, A. (1974), 'The Date of the Prose Tale of Job Linguistically Reconsidered', HTR 67: 17–34.
Jung, Carl (1954), Answer to Job (Cleveland: World).
Kahn, J. H. (1975), Job's Illness: Loss, Grief and Integration (Oxford: Pergamon).
Keel, O. (1978), Jahwes Entgegnung an Ijob, FRLANT 121 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht).
Koch, K. (1955), 'Gibt es ein Vergeltungsdogma im Alten Testament?' ZTK 52: 1–42; ET in J. L. Crenshaw (ed.), Theodicy in the Old Testament (Philadelphia: Fortress), 57–87.
Linafelt, T. (1996), 'The Undecipherability of BRK in the Prologue to Job and Beyond', Biblical Interpretation IV 154–72.
MacLeish, A. (1956), J.B. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin).
Newsom, C. (1996), 'Job', NIB (Nashville: Abingdon), iv. 319–637.
Pope, M. E. (1973), Job, AB 15 (Garden City, Doubleday).
Rouillard, P. (1983), 'The Figure of Job in the Liturgy: Indignation, Resignation, or Silence?', in D. Duquoc and C. Floristan (eds.), Job and the Silence of God, Concilium, 169 (New York: Seabury).
Tilley, T. W. (1989), 'God and the Silencing of Job', Modern Theology, 5: 257–70.
Tsevat, M. (1966), 'The Meaning of the Book of Job', HUCA 37: 73–106.
Wahl, H.-M. (1993), Der Gerechte Schöpfer, BZAW 207 (Berlin: de Gruyter).
Weiss, M. (1983), The Story of Job's Beginning (Jerusalem: Magnes).
Wilcox, J. T. (1989), The Bitterness of Job: A Philosophical Reading (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press).
Wilde, A. de (1981), Das Buch Hiob, OTS 22 (Leiden: Brill).
Zhitlowsky, C. (1919), 'Job and Faust', in P. Matenko (ed.), Two Studies in Yiddish Culture (Leiden: Brill), 75–162.
Zuckerman, B. (1991), Job the Silent: A Study in Historical Counterpoint (New York: Oxford University Press).
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text:
Chapter 334.7: Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Jules L. Dienstag
Dienstag JL. Dienstag J.L. Dienstag, Jules L.Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. In: Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Jameson J, & Fauci A.S., & Kasper D.L., & Hauser S.L., & Longo D.L., & Loscalzo J(Eds.),Eds. J. Larry Jameson, et al.eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e. McGraw Hill; 2018. Accessed January 21, 2022. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2129&sectionid=252818033
Dienstag JL. Dienstag J.L. Dienstag, Jules L. (2018). Treatment of chronic hepatitis c. Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Jameson J, & Fauci A.S., & Kasper D.L., & Hauser S.L., & Longo D.L., & Loscalzo J(Eds.),Eds. J. Larry Jameson, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e. McGraw Hill. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2129&sectionid=252818033
Dienstag JL. Dienstag J.L. Dienstag, Jules L. "Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C." Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Jameson J, & Fauci A.S., & Kasper D.L., & Hauser S.L., & Longo D.L., & Loscalzo J(Eds.),Eds. J. Larry Jameson, et al. McGraw Hill, 2018, https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2129&sectionid=252818033.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATMENT OVERVIEW
THE INTERFERON ERA (1991-2011)
FIRST GENERATION PROTEASE INHIBITORS (2011-2013)
CONTEMPORARY DIRECT-ACTING ANTI-VIRAL COMBINATION THERAPY (2013---)
FUTURE DIRECT-ACTING ANT-VIRAL THERAPY
TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
INDICATIONS FOR ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
Therapy for chronic hepatitis C has evolved substantially in the 25 years since IFN-α was introduced for this indication in 1991. The therapeutic armamentarium grew to include PEG IFN with ribavirin and, then, in 2011, the introduction of the first protease inhibitors, telaprevir and boceprevir, used in combination with PEG IFN and ribavirin in patients with HCV genotype 1. The field of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C was transformed beginning in 2013, with the approval of the first nucleoside analogue, sofosbuvir. As of 2016, no fewer than six, all-oral, highly effective (>95%), low-resistance, well tolerated, short-duration (usually 12 weeks) combination regimens of DAA drugs are available. The remarkable historical evolution of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C is instructive.
IFN-based therapy has been supplanted by DAA agents introduced in the second decade of the twenty-first century; however, many important lessons about antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C were learned from the experience with IFN-based treatment, and many of the limitations of—and disparities in responsiveness to—IFN-based therapy have been overcome by current-generation DAA treatments. When first approved, IFN-α was administered via subcutaneous injection three times a week for 6 months but achieved an SVR (Fig. 334-2) (defined then as a reduction of HCV RNA to undetectable levels by PCR when measured ≥24 weeks after completion of therapy) <10%. Doubling the duration of therapy—but not increasing the dose or changing IFN preparations—increased the SVR rate to ~20%, and addition to the regimen of daily ribavirin, an oral guanosine nucleoside, increased the SVR rate to 40%. When used alone, ribavirin is ineffective and does not reduce HCV RNA levels appreciably, but ribavirin enhances the efficacy of IFN by reducing the likelihood of virologic relapse after the achievement of an end-treatment response (Fig. 334-2) (response measured during, and maintained to the end of, treatment). Proposed mechanisms to explain the role of ribavirin include subtle direct reduction of HCV replication, inhibition of host inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity (and associated depletion of guanosine pools), immune modulation, induction of virologic mutational catastrophe, and enhancement of IFN-stimulated gene expression. Ribavirin, despite its poorly understood mechanism of action, retains a modest role in supporting DAA agents as well (see below). IFN therapy results in activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway, which culminates in the intracellular elaboration of genes and their protein products that have antiviral properties. Hepatitis C proteins inhibit JAK-STAT signaling at several steps along the pathway, and exogenous IFN restores expression of IFN-stimulated genes and their antiviral effects.
FIGURE 334-2
Classification of virologic responses based on outcomes during and after a 48-week course of pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C, genotype 1 or 4 (for genotype 2 or 3, the course would be 24 weeks). Nonresponders can be classified as null responders (hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA reduction of ...