Excluding these companies, corporate insolvencies rose 4.5% from Q4 2016 to Q1 2017 and are 5.3% higher than this time last year.
"Having been flat last year and having fallen slowly from a post-financial crisis peak before that, corporate insolvency numbers are starting to move up again.
"Low interest rates, creditor forbearance, and a growing economy mean insolvency numbers are still close to record lows but the past year and a bit has been much more challenging for businesses.
"The pound's fall in value since last year's referendum will have hurt importers, while many of the currency hedges that protected larger companies in the immediate aftermath of the referendum will have begun to unwind at the start of the year.
"Other challenges include the introduction of the National Living Wage and the rollout of pension auto-enrolment to smaller firms. More obstacles lie in wait, too. The rates changes – despite some last minute alterations – could hurt businesses in London and the South East, for example.
"It's worth noting, however, that insolvencies usually rise in the first three months of the calendar year as many companies come to the end of their financial year and have to make some difficult decisions.
Personal insolvencies rose 6.7% from Q4 2016 to Q1 2017 and are 15.7% higher than this time last year.
"The personal insolvency increase has been driven by further rises in Individual Voluntary Arrangement numbers – which is more of an indication of easier access to IVAs than increasing financial problems – but it's notable that bankruptcies have begun ticking up a little.
"Rising bankruptcies are perhaps a better indicator of worsening debt problems as access is less flexible – although the introduction of an online application process in April 2016 has made things simpler for people in debt. Bankruptcies are often triggered by someone's own company failing, over-spending, job loss, or wage reductions, or relationship breakdowns.
"Although borrowing rates remain at record lows, rising inflation and slowing real wage growth will be limiting people's financial room for manoeuvre.
"The increase in IVA numbers is harder to assess. It may be down to increased insolvencies but it is just as likely to be because IVA providers have made it easier for insolvent individuals to set up an IVA, or because people have been switching from a non-statutory debt management plan to the statutory insolvency regime.


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Griiip strikes first broadcast deal for disruptive race car series
New details emerge about coverage plans for G1 races
Adrian Pennington
Monday, February 11, 2019 - 10:43
Many observers believed Formula 1 was overdue for broadcast re-invention when Liberty Media took it over a couple of years back but Griiip, the start-up behind fledging motorsport series G1, aims to show that the apex of the sport has stalled on the grid.
Initiatives of the new G1 Series, which begins in early April, include drivers competing in virtual simulator races for championship points; a complete low budget data-driven live streaming production; free online access to all footage collected from each race for creation; and sharing of user-generated content.
"The problem with F1 and all motorsport is that coverage suffers from a lack of engagement and intimacy. Viewer's don't want dry data. They want the story and the juice.
"We are creating the first smart connected race car to deliver enhanced content to fans and the first budget broadcast motorsport series," says Gilad Agam, chief technology officer with Griiip (pictured below).
Gilad Agam, chief technology officer, Griiip
"The problem with F1 and all motorsport is that coverage suffers from a lack of engagement and intimacy. Viewer's don't want dry data. They want the story and the juice. They want to feel really connected to the emotion of the sport and its stars."
New gateways
Griiip is an Israeli company, established in 2015 to design and manufacture race cars targeted at the entry-level racing market.
Founder and chief executive Tamir Plachinsky, who is a mechanical engineer, says Griiip "acts as a development platform and gateway for new technologies into the world of motorsport."
The company's G1 single-seater series, which is powered by an engine from Italian motorcycle company Aprilia, made its debut last July in the inaugural G1 Series.
"G1 2018 was an internal pilot mainly for us to see if the concept was feasible and working," says Agam.
"2019 is a step ahead. It's not yet a mainstream series but it will be the first season of an official series."
Fourteen drivers, some as young as 14, will compete in seven races from April to November on tracks in Italy, beginning in Cremona.
"Northern Italy is the hub of world motorsport," he says. "Motorsport culture is very active here. Its roots go way back and we think it's the perfect place to start a series in Europe."
Virtual racing
While Formula-E has its drivers compete in an esports event at e-Prix and makes use of fan-powered social media to give drivers a speed boost during races, G1 has gone further and put virtual races on par with the track.
Using simulations of some actual G1 race venues (such as Autodromo Riccardo Paletti near Varano in Parma which is also Griiip's test circuit), drivers will compete head to head in simulator games. They will score points (half those scored for real-world races) toward the Championship.
Says Agam, "We've modelled the G1 car for course simulations and are continuing to fine-tune its behaviour to exactly match the real car. This is the first step toward a more open approach between fans and the sport."
Race sims are already used at the top level of the sport as a training aid.
Agam says Griiip has set up a dedicated server for the virtual G1 series for drivers to compete online. It doesn't build the simulators or write the game software but it does set the rules and recommend drivers wear VR headgear to get the best experience (for checking the virtual car mirrors, for example).
"There is a whole world of gamers playing race simulators but until now it's been quite disconnected from real racing. The stars of virtual have never driven a real car and vice versa."
Griiip is also running a separate G1 virtual series that is open to the public.
The plan is that the winner will be offered some way of transferring "into the real world and to participate in the G1 series," Agam says.
"The top virtual driver will get a taste of the real thing and maybe with enough backers also get to compete in G1.
"There is a whole world of gamers playing race simulators but until now it's been quite disconnected from real racing. The stars of virtual have never driven a real car and vice versa. We're taking this community of really good simulator racing drivers and trying to create a community in which real and virtual drivers are the same."
G1 data tech
Griiip makes all the real cars so that drivers start with a level playing field. Cars can be bought for around €50-60k (or leased) and are operated by a small team with some drivers privately funded). They have a low life-cycle cost rather than the very expensive team of specialists required in other Formulas.
Although drivers have some flexibility on tuning, tyre pressure, dampers and springs and geometry the idea is that the driver's performance will shine through, rather than the money behind designing an engine or perfecting aerodynamics.
"It's the best thing for beginner drivers," Agam believes.
"In all motorsport, the richer you are the more chance you have to win. Money can buy you a faster car. With G1 you get the same car so young aspiring drivers who are not millionaires will be able to make the move from carting to an open-wheel racing event and attain their career goals."
If they do well, G1 drivers can look to get additional sponsorship for the next season's races.
Equipped with sensors
Each G1 car is equipped with 33 sensors, data from which is uploaded from the track to private cloud. What is unique, according to Agam, is the way in which Griiip is interpreting the data to form fresh editorial that informs the audience about the race.
"We are trying to tell the story of the race to the average viewer so that they can experience motorsport like a pro," he explains.
"We've developed the data analysis and graphical tools so that a viewer is able to understand, from one glimpse of the screen, what is going on in the race and understand the context of the action. We generate a driver specific graphics layer so when you switch the video you switch the data. So, if you the director chooses to show driver number 1 you will see that driver's telemetry, and switching to driver number 2 will automatically sync driver 2's data charts."
There are no sensors on the drivers themselves, but this is planned for 2020.
"It is surprising how much you can learn about a driver purely from car and geolocation data," he continues.
"In boxing, we don't know the mind of the boxer but by observing them good commentators can help us with insight. Race cars have so many sensors that we can understand things like how aggressive a driver is, their virtuosity, their confidence or nervousness at different times in the race, or under pressure, and how that changes throughout a session or a season.
"You can understand so many emotional aspects and tell stories with this information – provided you know how to extract and interpret the data."
For this season the algorithmic interpretations are being done manually and using pre-race data.
"AI – or rather machine learning – is absolutely the next step. Machine Learning is our goal which we will introduce toward the end of the year."
Agam says Griiip had devised software allowing end-users to switch between driver feeds but decided to drop it.
"When you watch a race you want someone to tell you a story. 99.9% of viewers don't have the capacity or motivation to tell themselves the story of the race in real-time. They want to be informed about what is happening."
F1 has helicopters, so G1 has a drone. Where F1 has onboard cameras, G1 has fitted each of its cars with a GoPro and two microphones.
Like F1, it is able to overlay live graphics for speed, rpm, gear and track position but it has proprietary software that syncs the data and the video "at a fraction of the cost."
LiveU and remote production
A key partner is LiveU which is providing LU200 portable transmission units weighing 500 grams for each GoPro and a LU600 camera-operator unit for coverage of the event including pitlane.
Says Agam, "We're not reliant on installing technologies at the track but on cellular data transfer. We are working with LiveU because it does live links better than anyone. They are able to transmit HD video from any spot on the globe, very reliably, by splitting the signal between up to four cellular modems and combining them on servers without almost any infrastructure needing to be installed. If we need more cameras or more drones, we just add a LiveU."
The system is essentially set up as a remote production allowing Griiip or other production teams to switch feeds and produce the live event from anywhere.
"Broadcasting from another country to that of the race is a non-issue," he says.
"No fan of any sport has access to everything that was broadcast let alone everything that was not broadcast. We will enable them to take any footage to reconstruct the event from their point of view."
Griiip plans to grant free access to its servers to any viewer post-race for generating their own content. That's in stark contrast to Formula 1 where Liberty Media is facing a backlash for placing more and more of its content behind a paywall.
"You can go to all the source footage and data after the race from any event and edit your own video," Agam explains.
"No fan of any sport has access to everything that was broadcast let alone everything that was not broadcast. We will enable them to take any footage to reconstruct the event from their point of view, to focus on a driver or on technical aspects. They will have full control. No-one gets that in any other sport."
It's all part of the strategy to connect fans to the event. "UGC will be far richer as a result," he says.
Broadcast partners
SVG Europe also learns that Griiip has signed its first broadcast deal. It's with an Israeli sports channel which will take live and VOD (Agam calls it "off live") for its website, mobile and TV.
"We are in advanced negotiations with a big US broadcaster," he reveals. "There's also interest from Russia and the UK."
The first races of 2019 will be live streamed to Facebook; later ones to the G1 series' own website.
Virtual races will be streamed live too. "We want to make virtual races as similar as possible to the experience of the race so that by the end of the year you won't necessarily be able to tell which is real and which is a simulation."
G1 and the FIA
The G1 Series has been set up outside the FIA and in competition to the Automobile Federation's lowest rungs.
"The type of car we chose to develop adheres to the US standard F1000, a category which is not part of FIA," says Agam.
"If we take our car, which is 400kg in weight and delivers 200hp and try to match it to FIA rules we'd have to add 100kg and reduce the horsepower by 50hp.
"We want to keep own car since we consider it superior to the entry level (Formula 4) of the FIA."
There's another reason too. "The FIA is a big global organisation and we are small and agile but if we want to stay ahead of the market we need to operate outside of the FIA. That's not to rule out our technology appearing in an FIA event in future or the FIA linking with G1."
To put the G1 series in perspective, an aspiring driver currently pays between €20,000 and €40,000 per year in pro-carting and if they progress to Formula 4 (the traditional stepping stone to F3, F2 and F1) they need to find €200k- €650,000 per season.
"Our advantage is that we can compete roughly in price with carting per season for an experience that is better than F4," Agam says. "Our vision is to be a very good alternative to the standard ladder of the FIA.
G1 drivers for this season have either come from carting or F3 and F4 series "where they've not had the money to continue to participate," he adds.
"When drivers arrive in G1 they don't think it's an experiment. They think participation can seriously help them to progress to achieve their career goals in motorsport."
Verizon Media on going OTT with sports broadcastingFootball Summit: Talking about the women's game with the FA's Kelly SimmonsFootball Summit 2020: Broadcast innovation in the Bundesliga to be showcased in Berlin on 31 MarchTennis Australia extends relationship with Sportradar to protect matchesLaLigaTV comes to the UK and Ireland on Sky TV, Virgin TV and standalone channelMixing audio from MMA to eSports: Lance Gordon, Soundcheck TechnologiesGravity Media appoints Ed Tischler as UK acting MDICC reveals broadcast coverage plans for Under 19 Cricket World CupWorld Rugby announces schedule for 2020 U20 ChampionshipUnited and NEP join forces for Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in RotterdamSVG Summit: Blizzard's Pete Emminger previews home and away format for Overwatch and Call of Duty LeaguesITN Productions to support International Federations Summit set for 12 February in Lausanne
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nasarawa State Commissioner of Police, Umar Shehu has declared as false the stories that 50 corps members serving in the state have been killed in the course of numerous conflicts in the state.
He said though the ethnic violence between the outlawed Ombatse militia of Eggon and the Alago people of Obi local government spreads from Aduba through Obi to Assakio, he assured that youth corps members serving in these areas are under security protection.
Mr Shehu disclosed this while briefing newsmen on the efforts made by security operatives to contain the crisis.
The fresh crisis erupted following the killing of an Eggon man by the Alago group, which led to reprisal attacks yesterday.
The violence between the two ethnic groups began 24 hours ago, with hundreds of houses set ablaze which the police said did not claim any lives.
Mr Umar said that security personnel have contained the crisis in Aduba and Obi local government and 8 additional units of mobile police officers from Benue and Plateau states, are expected in the state before nightfall.
The commissioner also disclosed that detachments of military officers have been drafted in to contain the spate of violence.
Meanwhile, Deputy Governor of the state, Mr Damichi Luka condemned what he described as "unwarranted attack on innocent people" across the state and urged the groups to cease hostilities in the interest of peace.


text:
\subsubsection*{Example}}
\def\<{\langle}
\def\>{\rangle}
\newcommand{\emph{Proof.~}}{\emph{Proof.~}}

\def{\hfill\hphantom{.}\nobreak\hfill$\Box$}{{\hfill\hphantom{.}\nobreak\hfill$\Box$}}

\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\mathbb{Z}}{\mathbb{Z}}
\newcommand{\mathbb{Q}}{\mathbb{Q}}
\newcommand{\mathrel{\mathop:}=}{\mathrel{\mathop:}=}

\newcommand{\App}{\mathcal{A}
\newcommand{\binfinity}{\partial_\App}
\newcommand{\partial}{\partial}

\newcommand{\RS}{\mathrm{R}
\newcommand{\sW}{\overline{W}}
\newcommand{\aW}{W}
\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{1}}
\newcommand{\Cf}{\mathcal{{C}}_{f}}

\newcommand{\rk}{\mathrm{rank}

\newcommand{\cC}{\mathcal{C}}

\begin{document}

\author{Koen Struyve}
\title{Free constructions of geometries of Coxeter type}

\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We establish two free constructions of geometries of Coxeter type. The first construction deals with any Coxeter diagram having no subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$, the second one with diagrams of type $\mathsf{C}_n$ and $\mathsf{H}_4$.
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
In~\cite{Tit:81} Jacques Tits develops a local approach to buildings, in terms of geometries of type $M$, where $M$ is a Coxeter diagram.
These are motivated by the applications to the study of sporadic groups, see for example~\cite{Tit:80}.
While buildings of type $M$ form a subclass of these geometries of type $M$, the converse is not true, as exhibited by the Neumaier geometry (see~\cite{Neu:84}).

One of the results in~\cite{Tit:81} shows that geometries of type $\mathsf{A}_n$ correspond exactly with $n$-dimensional projective geometries, and that every geometry of type $M$ is 2-covered by a building provided that its residues of type $\mathsf{C}_3$ and $\mathsf{H}_3$ are.
In particular the latter is true in the absence of such subdiagrams.

Tits also mentions that it is possible to construct geometries `freely' whenever $M$ has no subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$.
For this he refers to a forthcoming paper, which however remained unpublished.
One of the main motivations for such a construction would be that it, by passing to the universal cover, yields free constructions of buildings for diagrams $M$ with no subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$, $\mathsf{C}_3$, or $\mathsf{H}_3$.
A more elegant and direct solution to this problem was obtained somewhat later by Mark Ronan (see~\cite{Ron:86}).

The obstruction concerning subdiagrams of type $\mathsf{A}_3$ is a natural one, as these correspond to 3-dimensional projective spaces.

In the last few years there has been renewed interest in geometries of Coxeter type, as they appear naturally in the theory of polar actions on simply connected positively curved manifolds, see~\cite{Fan-Gro-Tho:*}. In particular polar actions on the Cayley plane give rise to two previously unknown geometries of type $\mathsf{C}_3$ not covered by a building. (See also~\cite{Kra-Lyt:14}.)

In this paper we set out to provide a free construction for geometries of type $M$, whenever $M$ has no subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$, as alluded to by Tits. We also provide constructions of geometries of type $\mathsf{C}_n$ and $\mathsf{H}_n$ where the residues of type $\mathsf{A}_{n-1}$ are all isomorphic to a chosen countably infinite building of this type.
These results provide a positive answer to Problem 1 of~\cite{Kra-Lyt:14}. Additionally we show how to construct highly homogeneous geometries of spherical type.

The paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{section:def} we review some basic notions concerning geometries. In Section~\ref{section:A3} we provide a free construction provided there is no subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$, and in Section~\ref{section:Cn} we discuss a construction for a class of diagrams including the diagrams $\mathsf{C}_n$ and $\mathsf{H}_4$. Finally, in Section~\ref{section:hom}, Fra\"iss\'e limits are used to construct homogeneous geometries.

\textbf{Acknowledgement.  -- } The author wants to thank Alexander Lytchak for his hospitality and suggesting the problem considered in this paper.
\section{Definitions}\label{section:def}
In this section we introduce some definitions which we will use later on.
\subsection{Geometries}
A \emph{geometry over $I$} is a system $\Gamma \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V,\tau, *)$, consisting of a set $V$, a map $\tau: V \to I$, and a binary symmetric relation $*$ on $V$ such that for any two elements $x,y$ of $V$ whose images under $\tau$ are identical, the relation $x * y $ holds if and only if $x=y$. The relation `$*$' is the \emph{incidence relation}, the image by $\tau$ of an element or a subset of $V$ is its \emph{type}.

A \emph{flag} of the geometry $\Gamma$ is a set of pairwise incident elements of $V$. Two flags, or a flag and an element of $V$, are said to be incident if their union is a flag. The \emph{rank} of a flag $X$ is its cardinality, the \emph{corank} the cardinality of $I \setminus \tau(X)$.

Let $X$ be a flag, and let $Y$ be the set of all elements of $V \setminus X$ incident to $X$.
The system $\Gamma_X := (Y, \tau\vert_Y, * \cap (Y \times Y))$ forms a geometry over $I \setminus \tau(X)$ and is called the \emph{residue of $X$} in $\Gamma$.

The geometry $\Gamma$ is \emph{connected} if the graph with vertices $V$ and adjacency relation `$*$' is connected. It is \emph{residually connected} if the residue of every flag of corank 2 is connected.

A geometry is \emph{thick} if every flag of corank 1 is contained in at least three maximal flags.

\subsection{Rank 2 geometries}
Geometries of rank 2 are basically bipartite graphs. We say that a rank 2 geometry is \emph{without $k$-gons} if the associated bipartite graph does not contain any cycles of length $2k$.

A \emph{generalized $n$-gon} (with $2 \leq n < \infty$) is a thick rank 2 geometry such that the associated graph has girth $2n$ (i.e. the smallest cycle has length $2n$) and diameter $n$. A generalized $\infty$-gon is a thick connected rank 2 geometry without cycles.

\subsection{Geometries of type $M$}
Let $M$ be a Coxeter diagram over $I$ (with associated Coxeter matrix $(m_{i,j})_{i,j \in I}$). We define the \emph{geometries of type $M$} as the thick residually connected geometries over $I$, such that for every $i,j \in I$ ($i \neq j$), the residue of any flag of type $I \setminus \{i,j\}$ is a generalized $m_{i,j}$-gon.

\section{Geometries without $\mathsf{A}_3$ subdiagrams}\label{section:A3}

Fix a connected Coxeter diagram $M$ over $I$ without subdiagrams of type $\mathsf{A}_3$. The goal of this section is to construct a geometry of type $M$ via free construction.

To do so we make use of geometries satisfying a set of specific properties outlined in Section~\ref{section:inter}. We then proceed by showing that one can apply certain extension procedures (see Section~\ref{section:ext}) to such geometries in such a way that these properties are preserved.
In Section~\ref{section:constr} we obtain the desired geometry of type $M$ by considering the direct limit of a sequence of geometries obtained by these procedures.

\subsection{Intermediate objects}\label{section:inter}
As intermediate objects in our construction we consider geometries $\Gamma \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V,\tau,*)$ over $I$ (so $\tau$ maps $V$ to $I$), satisfying the following three properties.
\begin{itemize}
\item[(F)] If $v_1$ and $v_2$ are two vertices such that $\tau(v_1)$ and $\tau(v_2)$ are not adjacent in the Coxeter diagram, then we always have that $v_1 * v_2$.
\item[(P)]
Let $i,j \in I$ be two adjacent vertices of the Coxeter diagram $M$, and $X$ a flag of type $J$ where $i,j \notin J$ and such that every vertex in $I \setminus \{i,j\}$ adjacent to $i$ or $j$ is contained in $J$, then the restriction of the residue of this flag to the vertices of types $i$ and $j$ is a rank 2 geometry without $t$-gons for $t < m_{i,j}$.
\item[(D)]
If $i,j \in I$ ($i \neq j$) with $m_{i,j} \geq 4$, then the restriction of the geometry $\Gamma$ to the vertices of types $i$ and $j$ is without digons.
\end{itemize}
Note that the class of such objects is closed under direct limits. The (F) stands for `flat', (P) for `partial', (D) for `digons'.

\subsection{Extension procedures}\label{section:ext}
In this section we describe three procedures to extend a geometry $\Gamma \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V,\tau,*)$ over $I$ satisfying Properties (F), (P) and (D) to a new geometry $\Gamma'$  over $I$ still satisfying these properties.

\paragraph{Procedure A -- Completing flags.}
Let $X$ be some flag in $\Gamma$ (which we allow to be empty). Let $i$ be a type in $ I\setminus \tau(X)$.
We then add a single vertex $x$ of type $i$ to our geometry.

We also extend the incidence relation $*$ with incidences of the vertex $x$ to certain vertices in $V$, specifically to
\begin{enumerate}
\item
the vertices of the flag $X$,
\item
and to those vertices for which the incidence would be guaranteed by Property (F).
\end{enumerate}

We obtain a new geometry $(V',\tau,*)$ by this procedure (with $V' = V \cup \{x\}$ and slight abuse of notation for $\tau$ and `$*$'), where the flag $X$ is contained in the larger flag $X \cup \{x\}$.

The geometry $(V',\tau,*)$ satisfies Property (F) by construction.
In order to verify Properties (P) and (D) notice that for any type $j$ adjacent to $i$, the vertex $x$ is adjacent with at most one vertex of type $j$.

as the point $x$ is not incident with two vertices of a common type $j$ adjacent to $i$, so $x$ cannot give rise to digons or other $k$-gons.

\paragraph{Procedure B -- Adding paths.}
Let $X$, $J$, $i$ and $j$, be as in the statement of Property (P) with $m:= m_{i,j} < \infty$.

Let $x$ and $y$ be two vertices of types $i$ or $j$, being of the same type if $m$ is odd, of different type if $m$ is even, and at distance at least $m+1$ in the residue of $X$ restricted to vertices of types $i$ and $j$. This distance is allowed to be infinite.

We extend the vertex set $V$ by adding a path $\gamma \mathrel{\mathop:}= (x_1 \mathrel{\mathop:}= x, x_2, \dots, x_{m-1}, x_{m} \mathrel{\mathop:}= y)$ of length $m-1$ between both, where the types alternate between $i$ and $j$. The incidence relation is extended such that the  added vertices are only incident to
\begin{enumerate}
\item
their adjacent vertices in the path $\gamma$,
\item
the vertices of the flag $X$,
\item
and those vertices for which the incidence would be guaranteed by Property (F).
\end{enumerate}

We denote the newly obtained geometry by $(V',\tau, *)$ (again with abuse of notation), and the subpath of $\gamma$ consisting of the newly added vertices by $\gamma'$.

We postpone the verification of Properties (F), (P) and (D) for the new geometry till Proposition~\ref{prop:ver}.

\paragraph{Procedure C -- Connecting residues.}
Let $X$ be some flag of our geometry of corank at least two with a disconnected residue.

Let $i,j $ be two different types in $I \setminus \tau(X)$.

Let $x$ and $y$ be two vertices of type $i$ or $j$ in different connected components of the residue of $X$.
We now extend the geometry by a new path $\gamma$ where the types alternate between $i$ and $j$, starting at $x$, ending at $y$ and of length at least 4.

The newly added vertices are incident to
\begin{enumerate}
\item
their adjacent vertices in the path $\gamma$,
\item
the vertices of the flag $X$,
\item
and those vertices for which the incidence would be guaranteed by Property (F).
\end{enumerate}

The newly obtained geometry is again denoted by $(V',\tau, *)$. We now verify Properties (F), (P) and (D) for  the last two procedures.

\begin{prop}\label{prop:ver}
The geometries $(V',\tau,*)$ obtained by Procedures B and C still satisfy Properties (F), (P) and (D).
\end{prop}
\emph{Proof.~}
Property (F) is satisfied directly by construction.

Next we verify Property (D).
Suppose, by way of contradition, that our additions give rise to a digon with vertices of types $k$ and $l$ (where $m_{k,l} \geq 4$).
Without loss of generality we can assume that $k=i$.
Let $z$ be a vertex of type $i$ in the digon.
As $j$ is the only type adjacent to $i$ for which there are two vertices incident with $x$, we have that $l = j$.

However, if one solely considers incidences between vertices of types $i$ and $j$, then the only thing we did was adding a path of length at least 3 (as $m_{k,l} \geq  4$) between two existing vertices of these types.
Therefore it is impossible to have created a digon and we conclude that $(V',\tau,*)$ satisfies Property (D).

The last property to verify is Property (P).
Let $Y$, $k$ and $l$ be the flag and vertices of the Coxeter diagram as required in the statement of Property (P) (so $m_{k,l}\geq 3$).
We now prove that Property (P) is satisfied for this flag and these types.
We may assume without loss of generality that $Y$ is minimal (so the types occurring in $Y$ are exactly those adjacent to $k$ or $l$).

First consider the case where $Y$ contains a newly added vertex, for example a vertex $z$ of type $i$.
The only types for which there exist at least two vertices incident to $z$ are the types $j$, and the types not adjacent to $i$.
So we can assume without loss of generality that $k = j$ and that  $l$ is a type not adjacent to $i$.
As $z$ is incident with exactly two vertices of type $j$, any $t$-gon on the types $i$ and $j$ in the residue of $Y$ is hence a digon, implying that $m_{k,l} = 3$ by Property (D).
Also $m_{i,j} =3$, as otherwise the two vertices of type $j$ incident with $z$ cannot be incident with more than one vertex of type $l$.
However, this would imply that the types $i$, $j$ and $l$ form a subdiagram of type $\mathsf{A}_3$, which contradicts our assumption on $M$.

Secondly assume that we are in the case that the flag $Y$ is completely contained in $V$.
If a $t$-gon formed by the vertices of types $k$ and $l$ would contain a newly-added vertex $z$ of type $i$ (so w.l.o.g. $i=k$), then this $t$-gon also contains a vertex of type $j$.
This as the only type adjacent to $i$ for which $z$ has two incident vertices $a$ and $b$ is the type $j$.
So we know that $j = l$.

We now claim that every vertex of the flag $X$ for which the type is adjacent to the types $i$ or $j$ is also contained in the flag $Y$. Assume by way of contradiction that this is not the case for a vertex $u$ of the flag $X$ of type $h$, where $h$ is adjacent to either $i$ or $j$.
Denote by $v$ the vertex of type $h$ in the flag $Y$.
As the vertex $z$ is incident with both $u$ and $v$, one has that the types $i$ and $h$ are not adjacent.
If one of the $a$ or $b$ would also be newly-added (so in $V' \setminus V$), then the same reasoning would also yield that $j$ and $h$ are not adjacent, which is a contradiction.
So both $a$ and $b$ are already in $V$, implying that $m_{i,j}=3$. The vertices $a,b,u$ and $v$ now form a digon, implying that also $m_{j,h}=3$, which again leads to a contradiction due to the non-existence of subdiagramss of type $\mathsf{A}_3$.

As we now know that every vertex of the flag $X$ for which the type is adjacent to $i$ or $j$ is also a vertex of the flag $Y$, Property (P) for the flag $Y$ and types $k$, $l$ follows from construction.
{\hfill\hphantom{.}\nobreak\hfill$\Box$}

\subsection{Construction of a geometry of type $M$}\label{section:constr}

In order to construct a geometry of type $M$ we start with a geometry $\Delta_0 \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V,\tau,*)$ satisfying the properties outlined in Section~\ref{section:inter}.
In particular this goemetry may be empty

By applying the Procedures A, B and C outlined in Section~\ref{section:ext} to every possible (viable) combination of elements in $\Delta_0$ and taking the direct limit we obtain a geometry $\Delta_1$. Repeating this step yields a sequence of geometries $\Delta_0, \Delta_1, \Delta_2, \dots$ for which the direct limit $\Delta_\omega$ has the following properties:

\begin{itemize}
\item Every flag is contained a maximal flag of size $\vert I \vert$.
\item The residue of a flag of type $I \setminus \{i,j\}$ (with $i \neq j$), is a generalized $n$-gon with $n \mathrel{\mathop:}= m_{i,j}$. (Notice that thickness is implied by the repeated application of Procedure A to non-maximal flags.)
\item Every flag of corank at least two has a connected residue.
\end{itemize}

We hence have constructed a geometry of type $M$, exactly what we had set out to do.

\section{Geometries of type $\mathsf{C}_n$ and $\mathsf{H}_4$}\label{section:Cn}

The previous construction does not apply to the types $\mathsf{C}_n$ ($n \geq 4$) and $\mathsf{H}_4$ as these contain subdiagrams of type $\mathsf{A}_3$. The heuristic reason for the exclusion of such subdiagrams is that geometries of type $\mathsf{A}_3$ are exactly the three-dimensional projective spaces defined over (skew) fields, which cannot result from free construction.

In this section we circumvent this restriction by starting with a given projective space and building a geometry of the desired type from it.

\subsection{Setting}\label{section:setting}
Let $M$ be the following Coxeter diagram on $n$ nodes where $n \geq 3$ and $\infty > m \geq 4$.

\begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[style=thick]
\foreach \x in {0,1}{
\fill (\x, 0) circle (2pt);
}
\draw (0,0) -- (1.4,0);
\draw[style=dotted] (1.5,0) -- (2.0,0);
\fill (2.5, 0) circle (2pt);
\fill (3.5, 0) circle (2pt);
\draw (2.1,0) -- (3.5,0);

\draw (3,.25) node {$m$} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

The diagrams $\mathsf{C}_n$ ($n \geq 3$) and $\mathsf{H}_n$ ($n= 3$ or $4$) are examples of such diagrams.

Let $\Gamma$ be an vector space of dimension $n$ defined over a (skew) field of (infinite) countable cardinality.

Fix $\Delta_0 \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V, \tau, *)$ to be the geometry with type set $I \mathrel{\mathop:}= \{1,\dots, n\}$, where the vertices of type $i \in I$, with $i < n$, are the sub-vector spaces of $\Gamma$ of dimension $i$.
There are no vertices of type $n$ (yet).
Two vertices are incident if the corresponding sub-spaces are nested.

\subsection{Intermediate objects}\label{section:inter2}
The intermediate objects in our construction will be geometries $\Delta :=  (W, \tau, *)$ with type set $I$, containing $\Delta_0$, and satisfying the following six properties.
\begin{itemize}
\item[(F)]
Two vertices of types $i$ and $n$, where $i \leq n-2$, are always incident.
\item[(I)]
The number of vertices of type $n$ is finite, the set of all vertices is countable.
\item[(V)]
The type of a vertex in $W \setminus V$ is either $n-1$ or $n$.
\item[(P)]
If $x$ is a vertex of type $n-2$, then the vertices of types $n-1$ and $n$ incident with $y$ form a rank 2 geometry without $k$-gons for $k<m$.
\item[(H)]
If $x$ is a vertex of type $n-1$, then the set of vertices of types $\{1,\dots, n-2\}$ incident with $x$ matches the set of vertices of these types incident with a certain vertex $y$ of type $n-1$ in $\Delta_0$. We say that $y$ is the \emph{precursor} of the vertex $x$.
\item[(C)]
If $x$ is a vertex of type $n$ in $\Delta$, and $y$ is a vertex of type $n-1$ in $\Delta_0$, then there is a unique vertex of type $n-1$ with precursor $y$ incident with $x$.
\end{itemize}
Note that the combination of Properties (F) and (C) implies that the residue of each vertex of type $n$ is isomorphic to the building of type $\mathsf{A}_{n-1}$ associated to the projective space defined on $\Gamma$.

\subsection{Extension procedure}\label{section:ext2}
Let $\Delta :=  (W, \tau, *)$ be a geometry satisfying the properties listed in Section~\ref{section:inter2}.

Let a vertex $z$ of type $n-2$.
By Property (P) the vertices of types $n-1$ and $n$ incident with $z$ form a rank 2 geometry without $k$-gons for $k < m$.
Let $x$ and $y$ be two such vertices of types $n-1$ or $n$ incident with $z$, at distance at least $m+1$ (which may be infinite) from each other in this rank 2 geometry, and such that their types agree if $m$ is odd and are different if $m$ is even.

If $x$ is of type $n$, then we pick a vertex $x_1$ of type $n-1$ incident with both $x$ and $z$ such that $x$ is the unique vertex of type $n$ incident with $x_1$.
We claim that is always possible.
Set $K$ to be set of vertices of type $n-1$ incident with both $x$ and $z$.
Observe that $K$ is infinite by Property (C), and that every vertex of type $n$ different from $x$ is incident with at most one vertex in $K$, as otherwise there would be digons contradicting Property (P).
The claim then follows by the fact that there are only a finite number of vertices of type $n$ by Property (I).

If $y$ is of type $n$, we pick a vertex $x_{m-2}$ incident with both $y$ and $z$ in an analogous way.

We now extend the vertex set $V$ by adding a path $\gamma \mathrel{\mathop:}= (x_0 \mathrel{\mathop:}= x, x_1, \dots, x_{m-2}, x_{m-1} \mathrel{\mathop:}= y)$ of length $m-1$, where the types alternate between $n-1$ and $n$. (If applicable, the vertices $x_1$ and $x_{m-1}$ are as previously defined.)

For each of the newly added vertices $x_i$ of type $n-1$ we pick an arbitrary precursor incident with $z$, in such a way that the precursors are pairwise different.
Such a newly added vertex of type $n-1$ is incident only to

\begin{enumerate}
\item
its adjacent vertices (of type $n$) in the path $\gamma$,
\item
the vertices of type $j \leq n-2$ which are incident with the precursor of the newly added vertex.
\end{enumerate}

We also add the following vertices of type $n-1$.
For each newly added vertex $x_i$ of type $n$ and vertex $a$ of type $n-1$ in $\Delta_0$, which is not a precursor of either $x_{i-1}$ or $x_{i+1}$, we add a vertex of type $n-1$ with precursor $a$ to the geometry.
This vertex is then incident to
\begin{enumerate}\setcounter{enumi}{2}
\item
the vertex $x_i$ of type $n$,
\item
the vertices of type $j \leq n-2$ which are incident with the precursor of the newly added vertex.
\end{enumerate}

We end by listing the incidences for a newly added vertex of type $n$.
\begin{enumerate}\setcounter{enumi}{4}
\item
their adjacent vertices (of type $n-1$) in the path $\gamma$,
\item
every vertex of type $j \leq n - 2$,
\item
the incidences already covered in item 3.
\end{enumerate}

We denote the newly obtained geometry by $(W', \tau, *)$.
The next proposition validates the extension procedure.

\begin{prop}
The geometry $(W', \tau, *)$ obtained by the extension procedure satisfies the properties listed in Section~\ref{section:inter2}.
\end{prop}
\emph{Proof.~}
Property (F) is satisfied by construction (see item 6 on the list of incidences).

As we only add a finite number of elements of type $n$, Property (I) is automatically satisfied.
Property (V) also holds as we only add elements of types $n$ and $n-1$.

In order to verify Property (P) assume that this property fails for a vertex $z'$ of type $n-2$, i.e. there exists a $t$-gon (with $t <m$) formed by vertices of types $n-1$ and $n$ incident with this $z'$.
By Property (P) for the geometry $(W, \tau, *)$, this $t$-gon has to contain a newly added vertex $x_i$.
(Note that this vertex has to belong to $\gamma$, as the other newly added vertices are incident with at most one element of type $n$, see item 3 on the list of incidences.)
If $x_i$ is of type $n-1$, then it is incident with at most two vertices of type $n$ (see items 1 and 3 on the list of incidences), one of which is newly added as $m \geq 4$.
Therefore we may assume that $x_i$ is of type $n$.
The two adjacent vertices of type $n-1$ in $\gamma$ to such a newly added vertex of type $n$ in the $t$-gon are incident with at most one common vertex of type $n-2$, which would be the vertex $z$.
So we conclude that $z =z'$, for which the construction assures us that Property (P) is still satisfied.

Property (H) is satisfied as we picked a precursor for each newly added vertex of type $n-1$, which we used to define its incidences with elements of types $j\leq n-2$ (see items 2 and 4 on the list of incidences).

Property (C) is satisfied by construction.
{\hfill\hphantom{.}\nobreak\hfill$\Box$}

\subsection{Construction of a geometry of type $M$}

Let $\Delta_0 \mathrel{\mathop:}= (V, \tau, *)$ be a geometry constructed from an infinite countable projective space as in Section~\ref{section:setting}.

Pick an arbitrary vertex $a$ of type $n-1$ in $\Delta_0$. Let $\Lambda_0$ be the geometry obtained from $\Delta_0$ by adding a single vertex of type $n-1$ with precursor $a$, for which the incidences of this added element are completely determined by Property (H).
One easily verifies that $\Lambda_0$ satisfies the properties listed in Section~\ref{section:inter2}.

We now define a sequence of geometries $\Lambda_0, \Lambda_1, \dots$ recursively.

Let $S_0$ be an ordered list (indexed by the natural numbers) consisting of those triples $(z,x,y)$ of vertices in $\Lambda_0$ to which one can apply the extension procedure outlined in Section~\ref{section:ext2}. Note that this is possible as the number of such triples is countable.

In step 1 the geometry $\Lambda_1$ is obtained by applying the extension procedure to the first such triple in $S_0$.
As a consequence additional triples to which one can apply the extension procedure appear, which we order in an ordered list $S_1$ (again indexed by $\mathbb{N}$).

We now proceed by repeating the extension procedure, applied in step $j$ to the first unhandled triple in the list $S_{\nu_2(j)}$, where $\nu_j$ is the 2-adic valuation of $j$, yielding a geometry $\Lambda_j$ and an ordered list of triples $S_j$.

The way we choose wich list to pick a triple from ensures that eventually the extension procedure is applied to every triple appearing on these lists.

Let $\Lambda$ be the direct limit of the sequence $\Lambda_0, \Lambda_1, \dots$.
We now claim that $\Lambda$ is a geometry of type $M$.
As this direct limit will still satisfy Properties (F), (H) and (C), one sees that the residues of vertices of type $n-1$ and type $n$ are as intended.
In particular the residue of a vertex of type $n$ will be isomorphic with the flag geometry of the projective space associated to the vector space $\Gamma$.
The extension procedure applied to every triple together with Property (P), ensures that also the residue of a vertex of type $n-2$ is as intended.
Residual connectedness is also easily verified as it follows from the previously determined residues of vertices of type $n$, and Property (F). Hence the claim.

\section{Homogeneous geometries of spherical type}\label{section:hom}

In this section we briefly discuss how a combination of the construction in Section~\ref{section:A3} together with the concept of Fra\"iss\'e limits leads to homogeneous geometries.
The strategy used in this section borrows heavily from~\cite{Ten:11}.

We will restrict our discussion to geometries of types $\mathsf{C}_3$, $\mathsf{H}_3$ and $\mathsf{F}_4$. This allows us to simplify the construction in Section~\ref{section:constr} as we only need to apply Procedure B, and omit Procedures A and C.

\subsection{Geometries as first order structures}

To start we lay out a first order language $L$ for these geometries and the intermediary objects.

We have three predicate symbols $V_i$, one for each type $i$ of the Coxeter system $M$, corresponding to the vertices of type $i$ of the geometry.
We also introduce ternary functions $f_k$ ($k \in \mathbb{N}$), where $f_k(x,y,z)$ is the vertex $a_k$ of the unique shortest path $(a_0 := y, a_1, \dots , a_l := z)$ between $y$ and $z$ in the residue of $x$.
If such a path does not exist, is not unique or does not make sense (for example if $y$ and $z$ are not contained in the residue of $x$), we set $f_k(x,y,z)$ to be $x$.
Finally we add binary functions $g_{i,j}$ for each pair of types $i$ and $j$ in $M$ such that $m_{i,j} \geq 4$.
If $x$ and $y$ are two vertices of type $i$ both incident with a vertex $z$ of type $j$, then $g_{i,j}(x,y)$ equals $z$, in each other case $g_{i,j}(x,y)$ equals $x$.
Note that such an element $z$ is unique by Property D from Section~\ref{section:inter}.

One easily verifies that it is possible to express the axioms of a geometry of type $M$ in this language.
More exactly we restrict to those geometries satisfying Property (F) from Section~\ref{section:inter}.
By letting the axioms include that every flag is contained in a maximal flag containing a vertex of every type, one automatically has that the geometry is residually connected.

Let $\cC$ be the class of all finitely generated $L$-substructures of those geometries obtained from a finite intermediate geometry in Section~\ref{section:constr} (where we only make use of Procedure B, not of Procedures A and C).

Some examples of $L$-substructures in $\cC$ are flags of arbitrary type (including singular vertices), the Neumaier geometry, etc.

\subsection{The Fra\"iss\'e limit of $\cC$}
We now want to consider the Fra\"iss\'e limit of $\cC$. In order to be able to have this limit we need the following three properties (for details see~\cite[Appendix A]{Fra:00}).
\begin{itemize}
\item
Hereditary property: If $A \in \cC$, then any finitely generated $L$-substructure of $A$ is again in $\cC$.
This is clearly satisfied by construction.
\item
Joint embedding property: If $A, B \in \cC$, then there is an $L$-structure $C \in \cC$ such that both $A$ and $B$ are embeddable in $C$.
\item
Amalgamation property: if $A, B, C \in \cC$ with embeddings $\iota:A \to B$ and $\kappa:A \to C$, then there is a $D \in \cC$ with embeddings $\lambda: B \to D$ and $\mu: C \to D$ such that $\lambda \circ \iota$ equals $\mu \circ \kappa$.
\end{itemize}

In our case the amalgamation property implies the joint embedding property as $\cC$ contains the empty structure.
The amalgamation property is easily verified by taking the free amalgam of $B$ and $C$ over $A$ (which satisfies the properties listed in Section~\ref{section:inter} by our definition of the language $L$), and then applying the construction of~\ref{section:constr} (again only making use of Procedure B) to obtain a geometry of type $M$ contained in $\cC$.

As all of the properties are satisfied, we are able to consider the Fra\"iss\'e limit $F(\cC)$.
This will be a countable $L$-structure such that the class of finitely generated $L$-structures embeddable in $F(\cC)$ is exactly $\cC$, and such that each isomorphism between finitely generated $L$-substructures of $F(\cC)$ (which are precisely the structures in $\cC$) can be extended to an automorphism of the entire structure $F(\cC)$.

From the way we set up the language $L$, it is implied that the geometry expressed by the $L$-structure $F(\cC)$ is a geometry of type $M$ which has a automorphism group transitive on flags of the same type (in particular on vertices of the same type), on embedded Neumaier geometries, etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Inspirational Words of Martin Luther King Jr. Still Resonate Today
Traci Taylor
Traci Taylor Published: January 15, 2021
Keystone/Getty Images
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated 53 years ago this April and yet his name and his mission are still so relevant, possibly even more so in the here and now than in all other years since his death.
2020 was a rough year for the United States of America. It was a rough year for the human race. People forgot what it was to love their neighbor. People spewed hate.
On August 28, 1964, nearly a million people gathered in Washington, D.C. to listen to Dr. King as he spoke the words, "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."
Here we are, 56 years after Dr. King spoke those words and this mother shares his dream that my son and his children will know a world where no human is judged by the color of the skin that they were born with but by the character of their actions.
We can do better. We can be better. Intolerance over the color of a person's skin is ignorance. It is up to each individual to change their heart and to raise their children to be accepting of all of God's people. If the adults of the world can't or won't accept someone who has a different color skin than they how can we expect our children to?
10 Powerful Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes
Five Photos That Show Binghamton's Rich History
Source: The Inspirational Words of Martin Luther King Jr. Still Resonate Today
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Home / Humanities / Philosophy / The Philosopher: A History in Six Types
The Philosopher: A History in Six Types
Smith Justin E H
What would the global history of philosophy look like if it were told not as a story of ideas but as a series of job descriptions—ones that might have been used to fill the position of philosopher at different times and places over the past 2,500 years? The Philosopher does just that, providing a new way of looking at the history of philosophy by bringing to life six kinds of figures who have occupied the role of philosopher in a wide range of societies around the world over the millennia—the Natural Philosopher, the Sage, the Gadfly, the Ascetic, the Mandarin, and the Courtier. The result is at once an unconventional introduction to the global history of philosophy and an original exploration of what philosophy has been—and perhaps could be again.
By uncovering forgotten or neglected philosophical job descriptions, the book reveals that philosophy is a universal activity, much broader—and more gender inclusive—than we normally think today. In doing so, The Philosopher challenges us to reconsider our idea of what philosophers can do and what counts as philosophy.
Justin E. H. Smith is university professor of the history and philosophy of science at the Universite Paris Diderot—Paris VII. He is the author of Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference: Race in Early Modern Philosophy and Divine Machines: Leibniz and the Sciences of Life (both Princeton). He writes frequently for the New York Times, Harper's Magazine, Cabinet Magazine, and other publications.
Author: Smith Justin E H
Cover: Hardback
Justin E. H. Smith is professor of the history and philosophy of science at the University of Paris 7–Denis Diderot. His books include The Philosopher: A History in Six Types (Princeton). An editor at large of Cabinet Magazine, he also writes frequently for the New York Times, Harper's Magazine, and other publications.


text:
It can wait: the most important message teen drivers can receive
| March 06, 2015
In the last couple of months, the wireless carrier AT&T has changed its messaging on some of its commercials. Instead of seeing excited people who are receiving a great deal on their cellphone bill, their ads now feature parents who have an important message for their teen drivers: it can wait.
As you may know, the It Can Wait campaign that is being spearheaded by AT&T encourages all drivers, not just teenagers, to withhold using a cellphone while driving. Many people across the country are supporting AT&T's efforts to curb the number of distracted driving accidents that occur every year in the United States because of cellphone use while driving. And as of this posting, more than six million people have pledged to take the initiative and put their phones down while they drive.
The reason for the campaign is because distracted driving is still a major problem across the nation, even though many states have passed legislation that bans the use of cellphones while operating a motor vehicle. Here in California, legislation bans all drivers who are 18 years and older from texting and driving while operating a motor vehicle. Talking on a cellphone is also banned for this group of drivers unless a hands-free device is being used. All drivers under the age of 18 are banned from using any form of wireless device, even if it is hands free.
Even though cellphone use behind the wheel of a vehicle is frowned upon here in California and can lead to tickets and fines, some drivers still continue to take the risk and use their cellphones while driving. It's important to note though that this form of negligence is taken into consideration in personal injury lawsuits, which means an accident victim may be awarded compensation if someone else's cellphone use causes an accident.


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text:
Telcordia Back Into Cable
By webdesign | April 27, 2005
It's a different telecommunications world. For evidence, there's Telcordia, a company that sprung directly from Ma Bell's womb and which was–perhaps still is–considered the telephone vendor of record. Now, though, Telcordia is espousing cooperation, partnerships and, strangest of all, the desire to work with cable operators. "It's a space for you to watch with us," said Richard George, the company's relatively new vice president-general manager of cable and a man with a pedigree that includes stints with such old-time cable operators as Continental Cablevision and its later iterations as MediaOne and AT&T Broadband. Mistakes made Telcordia, George admitted, in the past made some mistakes, and it has had to take proactive steps to overcome them. In the late '90s, the company pushed a softswitch solution on cable that just didn't work out the way it would have liked. The company's management at the time and the cable industry were, to put it kindly, not on the same page when communicating their needs and capabilities. Now Telcordia is approaching the emerging cable voice space from its strength as an OSS vendor while carefully shedding some of the arrogance it showed in the past. Today, rather than force a solution on cable, Telcordia is showing a willingness to complement rather than supplement. This is especially true when proposing an OSS solution that could be seen as a threat to cable's long-time billing providers who rule the operational roost. This spirit of cooperation is Telcordia's new way of doing business, George said. "It's hard to break back in, but we need to break in and deploy," said George, who said the company has signed contracts with Charter Communications, Time Warner Cable and Cox and "re-established or established dialog with all MSOs in North America and in Mexico" as well as with the "international cable community." Here's the pitch Telcordia's pitch is simple: Cable is moving into a merged IP-based telecommunications space, and Telcordia understands software and how to control different services and applications. For instance, he said, the New Jersey-based vendor has developed a policy server that anticipates how to enable a cable operator to enhance the broadband experience by adding gaming or some kind of video download. "That's a view that I take that's pretty important," he said. "If you can enable cable operators to create new revenue streams, particularly in IP, that's where significant business resides here in the next couple years." To get that business, Telcordia has to shed some of its swagger about having written the book on telephone operating systems. That might work in the telco space—although even that's changing, and Telcordia no longer engenders the awe it once did—but it definitely puts off cable operators who see it as arrogance. "There's a lot to offer" to the cable industry, George said. "It's just a matter of putting it in the right package for cable operators to recognize that Telcordia can offer solution sets that truly meet their needs." At the same time, while promoting its cable friendliness, Telcordia must also stick to its telco knitting where, at one time, the company was considered almost the in-house OSS vendor. "We're very much committed to growing and improving our relationship with the telcos, but we also see ourselves having products and services that have applicability to other players in the arena," George said. "As convergence takes shape, Telcordia is uniquely positioned to leverage its pedigree." – Jim Barthold
Tubi Stats
Fox -owned Tubi reports that nearly half of its 33 million monthly active users are under the age of 35 and that it saw 2.5 billion


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Florida Fellowship
Current Council
Current Workshop Info
Workshop 2023 - Watch for Updates
Workshop 2022 - Draw the Circle Wide >
CLINICIANS 2022
Workshop 2021 - From Generation to Generation
Telling the Good News in 2021: Idea Sharing for Lent and Easter
2020 VIRTUAL Workshop Recap >
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Florida Chapter Scholarships Available
The Florida Chapter is proud to sponsor annual scholarships for college students majoring in music, and for first-time Youth and Adult attendees to the Florida Chapter's Summer Church Music Workshop or Youth Music Camp.
donate to scholarship fund
Grant K. Pulen
Music Scholarship
Named for a founding member of the Florida Chapter of the Fellowship, it provides an annual award of $2,000 to a full-time student in music at an accredited college or university. The 2023 deadline for the submission of an application and the supporting materials is May 15, 2023.
Established in memory of illustrious Florida Chapter members who lived their lives in distinguished service to God in worship, and to others in fellowship, the scholarship provides Registration and Room & Board fees for a first-time attendee at the Summer Youth Music Camp. The 2023 deadline for the submission of your application and the supporting recommendation is
Rosie-Jean
Scholarship
Named in honor of Roselyn Langdale and Jean Bennett, two well-known members and mentors of the Florida Chapter, the scholarship provides the Registration Fee for a first-time attendee at the Adult Church Music Workshop. We are encouraging part-time church music directors to apply for our Rosie-Jean Scholarship and be eligible to receive a full scholarship to the 2023 Workshop. The 2023 deadline for the submission of your application and the supporting recommendation is May 15, 2023.
Newsletter
AmazonSmile customers can now support the Florida Fellowship Of United Methodists In Music & Worship Arts in the Amazon shopping app on iOS and Android mobile phones! Simply follow these instructions to turn on AmazonSmile and start generating donations.
Open the Amazon Shopping app on your device
Go into the main menu of the Amazon Shopping app and tap into 'Settings'
Tap 'AmazonSmile' and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the process
If you do not have the latest version of the Amazon Shopping app, update your app. Click here for instructions.
(The Florida Chapter of The Fellowship of United Methodists in Music & Worship Arts is exempt from Federal Income Tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. We are further classified as a public charity. This means that the Chapter can receive contributions that are tax deductible under section 170 of the code. We are also qualified to receive tax deductible bequests, transfers, or gifts under section 2055, 2106, or 2522 of the code. )


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Le al-Quwwāt al-Baḥriyya al-Miṣriyya, ossia "Forze marittime egiziane", sono la forza militare navale dell'Egitto.

Storia
La Marina egiziana venne fondata all'inizio del XIX secolo durante il regno del wali (, turco vali; ossia governatore) Muhammad Ali Pasha, capo della dinastia alawita, che è considerato il "fondatore dell'Egitto moderno", in quanto, in seguito alla campagna d'Egitto di Napoleone (1798-1799), l'Egitto finì per cadere in potere di Mehmet Ali, che lo rese di fatto indipendente dal sultano di Istanbul, pur restando formalmente una Provincia dell'Impero ottomano. Muhammad ʿAli Pascià (in arabo: محمد علي باشا) nato a Kavala il 4 marzo 1769, era un capo militare albanese che contribuì ad abbattere il regime neo-mamelucco, che agiva arbitrariamente, pur in stato di vassallaggio nei confronti dell'Impero ottomano, governando poi l'Egitto dal 1805 fino alla sua morte avvenuta ad Alessandria d'Egitto il 2 agosto 1849. Muhammad ʿAli, giovane ufficiale arrivato in Egitto con il contingente albanese che faceva parte delle forze di spedizione ottomane, intervenne per colmare il vuoto di potere che si era creato in seguito all'occupazione francese, creandosi una base di potere con i capi dei villaggi, con l'elemento religioso musulmano e con i ricchi mercanti del Cairo, eliminando o espellendo i tre governatori consecutivamente inviati da Istanbul e poiché non vi era nessun altro in grado di assumere le funzioni di governo, il Sultano fu costretto a nominare Muhammad ʿAli suo wālī, ossia governatore (, turco vali) in Egitto nel 1805.

Il primo grande impegno della Marina Egiziana fu la guerra d'indipendenza greca, quando, su richiesta del Sultano ottomano Mahmud II venne inviato Mehmet Ali inviò Peloponneso nel 1824 in soccorso delle forze ottomane una squadra navale e un esercito di 17.000 uomini al comando del figlio Ibrāhīm Pascià, il quale, dopo avere sconfitto i greci nella battaglia di Sfacteria, combattuta tra il 29 aprile e l'8 maggio 1825, pose fine nell'aprile del 1826 all'assedio di Missolungi. L'intervento delle potenze europee Francia, Regno Unito e Russia in favore dei ribelli greci cambiò gli esiti del conflitto e nella battaglia di Navarino dell 20 ottobre 1827 la flotta ottomana-egiziana venne sconfitta e la successiva Spedizione di Morea, condotta dalla Francia, costrinse Ibrāhīm a capitolare e lasciare la Grecia il 1º ottobre 1828.

Prima della seconda guerra mondiale la forza navale era estremamente ridotta e priva di unità moderne. Con la guerra di indipendenza israeliana avvennero i primi confronti con la marina israeliana. il 22 ottobre 1948 un gruppo di incursori israeliani comandato da Yohai Ben Nun attaccò con quattro MTM comprati in Italia l'ammiraglia egiziana, il cacciatorpediniere El Emir Farouk, affondandola insieme ad un dragamine di scorta. L'addestramento era stato curato da due italiani, Fiorenzo Capriotti ex incursore della X Flottiglia MAS e Nicola Conte, ex operatore di Mariassalto. in quella che doveva essere la prima operazione della Shayetet 13.

Nell'ottobre del 1956 durante la crisi di Suez, una task force israeliana formata dalla INS Eilat e dalla gemella INS Yaffo (l'ex cacciatorpediniere britannico HMS Zodiac) la mattina del 31 ottobre, le due navi vennero inviata alla ricerca del cacciatorpediniere egiziano Ibrahim el Awal, che poche ore prima aveva bombardato il porto israeliano di Haifa; Le due unità israeliane riuscirono a mettere a segno diversi colpi sul cacciatorpediniere egiziano, che venne ulteriormente colpito da due Dassault MD 450 Ouragan dell'aviazione israeliana, dopo di che la Ibrahim el Awal fermò i motori ed alzò bandiera bianca. La nave venne presa in consegna dai marinai israeliani, e pochi mesi dopo, una volta riparata, entrò in servizio con la marina israeliana sotto il nome di INS Haifa.

Nel periodo della guerra dei sei giorni, un mese dopo la fine ufficiale delle ostilità, la Eilat e due torpediniere israeliane individuarono due torpediniere egiziane in navigazione al largo di Români; subito attaccate, entrambe le unità egiziane vennero rapidamente affondate.

Un notevole successo della forza navale fu l'affondamento del cacciatorpediniere INS Eilat, avvenuto il 21 ottobre 1967. La nave venne affondata da missili lanciati da unità navali egiziane davanti Porto Said; l'episodio rappresentò una delle peggiori sconfitte patite dalla marina israeliana, nonché il primo caso di affondamento di un'unità da guerra da parte di questo nuovo sistema d'arma. La Eilat era impegnata in una missione analoga, compiendo un pattugliamento di routine a circa 14,5 miglia dalla costa egiziana, davanti alla città di Porto Said, quando venne intercettata da due motocannoniere missilistiche egiziane classe Komar, che stazionavano proprio davanti al porto: una delle unità egiziane lanciò contro il cacciatorpediniere i due missili Styx di cui la piccola unità era dotata. La nave israeliana si accorse dell'attacco solo all'ultimo momento, visto che la vicinanza alla terraferma delle due unità egiziane confondeva i segnali del radar: nonostante le manovre evasive ed i tentativi di abbattere il missile con le mitragliatrici di bordo, intorno alle 17:32 il primo Styx colpì la Eilat poco sopra la linea di galleggiamento; due minuti più tardi, anche il secondo missile colpì il cacciatorpediniere, distruggendo la sala macchine. Con la nave in fiamme e completamente immobile, il comandante della Eilat richiese assistenza e soccorso, ma dopo circa un'ora la seconda cannoniera egiziana lanciò altri due missili: uno di questi colpì il cacciatorpediniere a mezzanave, provocando ulteriori incendi, mentre il quarto finì fuori rotta ed impattò in mare poco lontano. Intorno alle 20:00, lo scafo in fiamme della Eilat si inabissò; dei 199 membri dell'equipaggio, 47 rimasero uccisi e 41 feriti.

Operatività
La marina egiziana è stata a lungo una forza di difesa costiera, soprattutto per le sue ridotte capacità antisommergibili; recentemente, con l'acquisizione prima di fregate cinesi della classe Jianghu e poi di navi statunitensi, ha acquisito capacità di altura, incrementate dall'arrivo di una fregata multiruolo FREMM e da due navi da sbarco di costruzione francese tipo Mistral. Nel 2020 il governo egiziano raggiunge un accordo con quello italiano per l'acquisto di due ulteriori fregate multiruolo FREMM, la Spartaco Shergat e la Enzo BIanchi inizialmente costruite per la marina militare italiana.

Evoluzione
L'acquisizione di quattro fregate statunitensi della classe Perry, tre acquistate e una ottenuta con un programma di assistenza, e di due della classe Knox, ha fornito alla marina egiziana nuovo importante materiale da prima linea. Per quanto le fregate della classe Knox siano obsolete sotto molti punti di vista, di certo esse sono in grado di effettuare un efficace controllo del mare e, con le loro capacità antisommergibili, di costituire una seria minaccia ai sottomarini israeliani della classe Dolphin, visto che la marina militare israeliana è un nemico storico di quella egiziana oltre che l'unica forza navale seria nell'area, se si fa eccezione per la marina militare turca. Anche i vecchi 8 sottomarini della classe Romeo sono stati modernizzati con materiale statunitense, in virtù di un programma di assistenza militare tra i due paesi.

Classe Knox
Damyat numerale 961, ex FF-1089 USS Jesse L. Brown
Rashid numerale 966, ex FF-1097 USS Moinester.

Le navi sono state equipaggiate con 10 elicotteri antisom Kaman SH-2 Seasprite nella versione SH2-G(E) ex US-Navy ricondizionati

Classe Perry
F911 Mubarak varata			1982, acquisita 1996,				Ex-FFG 25
F916 Taba	varata		1981, acquisita 1996,				Ex-FFG 26
F901 Sharm El-Sheikh		varata 1981, acquisita 1998,				Ex-FFG 22
F906 Toushka	varata		1982, acquisita 1998,				Ex-FFG 23

Secondo una stima del 2001, la marina e la guardia costiera egiziane consistevano di 221 navi e battelli.

La marina non dispone di una propria aviazione navale ma viene supportata da aerei ed elicotteri della Egyptian Air Force, tra i quali figurano anche 8 Grumman E2-C Hawkeye (aerei AEW) e vari bimotori da pattugliamento marittimo dotati di radar a scansione laterale.

Flotta

Navi

Navi ausiliarie

Gradi
I gradi della Marina militare egiziana sono uguali a quelli dell'esercito egiziano cui viene aggiunto il suffisso bahri (بحري) cioè di mare. Equiparando i gradi della Marina egiziana a quelle della Royal Navy e a quelli della marine di tradizione anglosassone i gradi di Farīq 'awwāl, Farīq, Līwa'ā e Amīd sono rispettivamente equiparabili equiparabili ad ammiraglio, viceammiraglio, retroammiraglio e commodoro.

Note

Voci correlate
Egitto
Forze armate egiziane
Forze navali militari mondiali

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Forze armate egiziane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Economic Recovery Provides Opportunity to Address Long-Term Challenges
Posted by Christopher Geehern on Jan 9, 2015 9:46:38 AM
An economic recovery that finally feels like a recovery provides Massachusetts policymakers with a rare opportunity to address the long-tern structural issues that will shape the Bay State business climate for the next century, the president of Associated Industries of Massachusetts said today.
Richard C. Lord, in his annual State of Massachusetts Business address, said that the future of Massachusetts is built upon an encouraging present, much as it was 100 years ago when AIM was founded by a visionary group of industrialists. He said that AIM will begin its second century by seeking solutions to persistent challenges to economic growth such as the shortage of skilled workers, harnessing innovation and the ability to compete in global markets.
"Associated Industries of Massachusetts begins a yearlong celebration of its 100th anniversary today by honoring the determination of our founders to solve the big issues that determine the ability of Bay State residents to create a life for themselves and their families. AIM embraces with our founders the dictum of Theodore Roosevelt, who said 'We should not forget that it will be just as important to our descendants to be prosperous in their time as it is to us to be prosperous in our time.' " Lord told an audience of 250 people at the AIM Economic Outlook Forum.
Speaking one day after new Governor Charlie Baker took the oath of office in Boston, Lord outlined four key long-term growth strategies for Massachusetts contained in AIM's Blueprint for the Next Century, a document intended to commemorate the organization's centennial:
Government and business must develop the best system in the world for educating and training workers with the skills to allow Massachusetts companies to succeed in a rapidly changing global economy.
Massachusetts must create a competitive economic structure across all industries, geographic regions and populations rather than picking winners and losers.
Establish a world-class state regulatory system that meets the highest standards for efficiency, predictability, transparency, and responsiveness.
Massachusetts must find a way to moderate the substantial burden that health care and energy costs place on business growth.
Lord said the strategies are intended to create an economy that benefits all Massachusetts residents and spreads prosperity to all corners of the state. He noted that one of the immediate challenges for policymakers is to address the economic imbalance that has developed between the thriving Cambridge-Boston innovation beltway and the rest of the commonwealth.
He told the audience that "at a time when there is frequent discussion of income inequality, and the need to create what Boston Mayor Marty Walsh last month called an inclusive recovery that makes us better and not merely bigger, it is important to remind ourselves that the Massachusetts economy boils down to the nexus of a person, a job and an employer," he said.
A panel of business leaders responded to Lord's speech.
"A job with a future remains the only sustainable strategy for raising the long-term economic prospects of thousands of our fellow residents who may not yet be sharing in the recovery."
Eric Roman, General Manager for Research and Applied Markets for GE Health Care Life Sciences, said Massachusetts was a logical place for the division to consolidate its headquarters and 500 high-value jobs.
"We wanted to pick a place close to customers, education and the strong work force that will allow us to grow both in the short term and in the long term," said Roman, who will head up the new operation in Marlborough.
"GE is not looking at the short term here, we are making a long-term commitment."
Patricia Begrowicz, CEO and co-owner of Onyx Specialty Papers in South Lee, said her company just completed a "very strong" fifth year and looks forward to another good year moving forward. Costs remain a challenge, however, as the company now pays half a million more for electricity and $300,000 more for health insurance each year than it did when she purchase the business five years ago.
"We've seen positive development on the market side, but the cost side has also grown," said said.
John Harthorne, founder and CEO of the MassChallenge, said the startup accelerator would not have become a global force outside of Massachusetts. He noted that MassChallenge launched during the depths of the recession.
"We had very deep motivation to save the world," he quipped.
The enterprise has expanded to Israel and plans to move into London and other markets during the next several years.
Topics: Massachusetts economy, AIM Executive Forum


text:
Adani bags another big order book for Indian bonds
A debut dollar bond for Adani Transmission receives a strong reception, continuing a run of well received deals from the sub-continent.
Gautam Adani: from college drop out to India's 11th richest tycoon
Jackie Horne
Adani Transmission received a strong reception for its debut dollar bond on Thursday, continuing a run of well-received deals from the sub-continent.
Strong inflows into emerging market funds, a shortage of Indian paper in the primary and secondary markets, plus the right credit fundamentals were the three magic ingredients that pushed the order book to a peak of $5 billion before the US opened.
Syndicate bankers said there were few dropouts or much scaling back after final guidance was released and indicative pricing was tightened from 290bp to between 260bp and 265bp over Treasuries. The final order book closed at $5.1 billion.
Final pricing for a $500 million Reg S/144a 10-year deal was fixed at 99.081% on a coupon of 4% to yield 4.33% or 260bp over Treasuries.
A total of 284 accounts participated, with a split of Asia 45%, US 28% and Europe 27%. By investor type, fund managers took 84%, bank and private banks 11% and insurers and sovereign wealth funds the remaining 5%.
"This bond benefited from the three I's: India, investment grade and infrastructure-related. It could have been priced tighter than it was based on the huge demand it generated," one syndicate banker commented.
Every recent deal from India has performed well. The latest, a $200 million issue by BB/BB rated Glenmark Pharmaceuticals on Monday, was trading above its par issue price on a mid-price of 100.384% on Thursday despite extremely aggressive pricing relative to other BB rated Indian benchmarks.
Ironically, demand for Adani Transmission may have been partly spurred by the poor trading performance of sister company Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone, which has underperformed much of the rest of the Indian investment grade universe over the past seven months.
It has the same Baa3/BBB-/BBB- rating as Adani Transmission but was placed on negative outlook by both Moody's and Standard & Poor's in May after revenues came in lower than analysts expected and leverage unexpectedly increased.
It provided the main pricing benchmark for Adani Transmission and investors may conclude it set a cheap one, although it is now trading back above issue price after hitting a year-to-date low of 98.56% in May. On Thursday the 3.5% July 2020 deal was trading at 245bp on a G-spread basis, or a mid-price of 100.09%.
Fixed-income analysts calculated fair value for a new 10-year Adani Ports deal around the 293bp level. This is based on NTPC Corp's 2021 to 2026 curve, which is worth 40bp, or 8bp per annum.
On this basis, Adani Transmission has priced 3bp through its sister company. However, it is on stable outlook from all three ratings agencies, which highlighted its stable cash flow and favourable regulatory environment in their rating assessments. Its assets have a weighted average remaining life of 21 years.
Bankers also flagged the covenants package, which was designed to protect investors against debt-funded capex, acquisitions and transfers between group companies. Specifically, this includes a debt service coverage ratio above 1.1 times, an operating account waterfall, ring-fenced obligor group, senior debt redemption account with cash sweep mechanism and limitations on transfers to distribution accounts.
Adani Transmission is one of India's largest private sector power companies, with 5,000 circuit kilometres of transmission lines in operation and a further 1,650 under construction. It was split off from its parent in January 2015 and is now separately listed on the National and Bombay Stock Exchange.
Better-known public sector comparables such as Power Grid Corp are trading at much tighter levels. The BBB-/BBB- rated credit has a 3.875% January 2023 bond trading around the 170bp level on a G-spread basis.
However, Adani has become a well-known brand in India and is set to become a regular issuer in the international capital markets. It was one of the first companies to declare its interest in the Masala bond market (offshore rupee-denominated debt) and roadshowed a prospective deal earlier this year via Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Barclays, MUFG and Standard Chartered.
This previous roadshow enabled the company to jump into the dollar market quickly this week without having to do a roadshow to introduce investors to its credit first.
"We only announced the deal on Tuesday," one banker commented. "Market momentum is strong and the company wanted to take advantage of it. The summer break is almost upon us and Adani will soon enter the blackout period for its results so this seemed like the perfect opportunity."
Earlier this week, the company also announced it had signed an agreement with Credit Suisse for a $75 million equivalent five-year private placement Masala bond with a 9.1% coupon. Even if the coupon is grossed up to account for the country's 5% withholding tax, this still represents cheaper funding than an equivalent onshore bond, which carries a 10.25% coupon and is trading at par.
HDFC completed the country's first Masala bond in mid-July, with Credit Suisse one of the three leads.
Joint global co-ordinators for the new dollar bond deal were: Barclays, DBS and Standard Chartered. Joint leads were Emirates, NDB Capital, MUFG, Nomura, Societe Generale and SBI Capital.
#adani
#barclays
#dbs
#standard chartered
#emirates
#ndb
#mufg
#nomura
#societe generale
#sbi capital
#bonds
#investment grade


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Narishige NAI-3O: Olympus Hydraulic Fine Joystick+ Mechanical Coarse Micromanipulators (pair) - Tritech Research, Inc.
Narishige's NAI-3O micromanipulators are designed to work specifically with OLYMPUS microscopes including Olympus Model IX71 and IX-51. They are compact and provide lots of open working space on the microscope stage without sacrificing operability.
The NAI-3O combines a sturdy 3-axis Mechanical Coarse Manipulator and a Three-axis Fine Joystick Hydraulic Micromanipulator. This system provides remote control for 3-axis fine movement, conveniently at your fingertips.


Next up for review is another Arduino clone from Modern Device designed by Paul Badger. In my earlier review, I reviewed RBBB from Modern Device. The PCB I received was not a white solder-mask as pictured on the site. The PCB revision being reviewed is "c"
Layout: The size of the PCB was good. The PCB outline is straight rather than odd original design. This keeps the manufacturing costs low. This PCB is also of a poor design with arbitrary angled tracks and acid traps. Tiny vias still exist in this design that could have been avoided. The track width are pushed hard even where 12 mil tracks could have been used. Despite of space, a non standard (not common) power connector is used. The 15uh inductor could have been made optional. To bridge the inductor it takes a big blob of solder due to solder mask being present. A ground-plane is present on the analog area of the PCB which is a plus. The header layout is not compatible with the standard Arduino expansion boards (shields).
Schematic: The schematic could be simplified a bit. Power options provided are good. Two diodes are provided for protection of the LDO and other components on the board. It could mean that this design was done for students. Good building instructions.
Overall: A board with a poor layout. There are more cons to this board than pros. I would not spend my time building another one of this board.


text:
[Stat-Stat_L_Title]Darknet Markets Links - World Market[/Stat]
Home Darknet Markets
animatoraizen
By R Espinosa 2019 Cited by 15 Illicit online marketplaces, also called Darknet Markets (DNMs), are illegal platforms mainly specialized in drug-selling that are only accessible through. Darknetmarkets ecosystem. Darknet markets ecosystem. Share Share Pin it. You're signed out. Sign in for the full experience. Stay logged in. ASAP Market is clearly a darknet market as it's on the darknet and sells illegal goods. Deep Web Onion Links The Risks of Using Darknet darknet markets 2. A double-page graphical Timeline of over 100 Darknet markets offering drugs. The purpose was to try and show how prolific the darknet market is and how new. Darknet markets are e-commerce sites designed to lie beyond the reach of regular search engines. Warning: Lots of, the Dark Web browser) was originally developed to help We recommend staying away from About Dark Market: DarkMarket is a darknet.
Darknet markets darknet seiten dream market are e-commerce sites designed to lie beyond the reach of regular search engines. PDF Cryptomarkets are online marketplaces that are part of the Dark Web and Nevertheless, trafficking on Dark Net markets is difficult to analyse. Blockchain forensics firm Chainalysis has found that darknet markets exert a disproportionate presence in Eastern Europe's crypto sector. Illicit firearms and other weapons on darknet markets. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 622. Canberra: Australian Institute. By M Ball 2021 Cited by 20 However, as of. 2021, the ANU Cybercrime Observatory has observed little use of these alternative platforms for darknet markets. So far, few. Darknet markets ecosystem. Darknet markets ecosystem. Share Share Pin it. You're signed out. Sign in for the full experience. Stay logged in.
Darknet markets ecosystem. Darknet markets ecosystem. Share Share Pin it. You're signed out. Sign in for the full experience. Stay logged in. Omnibus darknet markets in the Tor hidden service ecosystem. Best darknet market to by Cannabis product in the USA. 2021-12-04. It only accepts monero. Darknet markets ecosystem: lifetime and reasons for closure of over 100 darknet markets offering drugs, sorted by date. Infographic showing the darknet market. The other difference between regular e-commerce sites and Darknet markets is their typically short life span. The Dark Web as a whole is. Blockchain forensics firm Chainalysis has found that darknet markets exert a disproportionate presence in Eastern Europe's crypto sector. Fentanyl availability on darknet markets. Author/s (editor/s):. Roderic Broadhurst Matthew darknet markets reddit Ball Harshit Trivedi. Publication year: 2020. Publication.
Omnibus darknet markets in darknet markets reddit 2021 the Tor hidden service ecosystem. Best darknet market to by Cannabis product in the USA. 2021-12-04. It only accepts monero. Drug sales are the main driver behind the plethora of darknet markets. Following Silk Road, most markets opened their policies to include. A darknet market is a commercial website on the dark web that operates via darknets such darknet markets reddit 2021 as Tor or I2P. Five digital currency providers account for roughly 55 of the illicit funds transacted in the digital currency ecosystemfind out why. Darknet market revenue. Sep 18, 2020 Dark Web Link is a promulgation focused on providing the latest updates about the TOR browser, hidden darknet markets and all sorts of facts. Darknet markets ecosystem: lifetime and reasons for closure of over 100 darknet markets offering drugs, sorted by date. Infographic showing the darknet market. One of the web's most notorious darknet markets was taken down by tracing its bitcoin transactions. But that doesn't mean others will.
Find darknet markets stock images in HD and darknet markets millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 2016 on the eight largest darknet markets at the time287 suggested Fig. 69 Geographical spread of darknet that most of the revenues of darknet vendors. Search. darknet markets. darknet markets Edit. EnglishEdit. NounEdit darknet markets plural of darknet market. By R Espinosa 2019 Cited by 15 Illicit online darknet markets marketplaces, also called Darknet Markets (DNMs), are illegal platforms mainly specialized in drug-selling that are only accessible through. Exploring Drug Market On Deep Web and Dark Web August 25, darknet markets Dark Web Markets 2021 Darknet Deepweb Market Links.
But as I can't neither complain nor get surprised if the above mentioned companies shut down their darknet markets free storage services, I had to sign up for a 100 GB Google Drive account for USD 1. Betweenness centrality provides yet another measure of importance of a node to the network, albeit with potentially different interpretation and use. The investigation into AlphaBay appears to have started as early as 2015 when undercover agents posing as customers started making small purchases on the site. The role of adrenochrome in recent events is harder to fathom. Offer to be billed $8 per week for the first 4 weeks, then it is $60 billed 4-weekly. The dark net however cannot be compared to the street dealers as they compete with each other forgetting about the streets and dominating the sites. Collective Dynamics of Dark Web Marketplaces" is a study affiliated to dark-net migrations. That's so because even if you've used your real name and address on the marketplace while ordering, it doesn't prove anything. Algorand Smart Contracts (ASC1s) are smart contracts that operate on Layer 1 of the Algorand protocol. The Dutch police quickly contacted the web host, demanded access to its data center, and installed network-monitoring equipment that allowed them to spy on all traffic to and from the machine. It is a website which stores information about individuals and stores data for a certain period of time.
"The RSI investment metric like all technical indicators should only be used as one data point to better darknet markets onion address analyze current market conditions."
Factors that are influencing cybercriminal activity on darknet markets depend on level of trust. Addresses have a validity of 7-days or one week after generation if not used. There are different reasons why people try and how to get links to the darkweb. The common misconception is that you have to run the nodes to do a traffic correlation attack. Account verification We will never PM darknet markets you asking you to verify your account. No one's raised her suspicions yet but she thinks it will be "really hard" to spot fake vaccination documents, which in New York can take the form of a paper card from the health authorities or merely a photo of that card. What unfolds is a celebration of faith, language, family, and love that fills the space between what was shattered, leaving us whole once more. Rinkeby employs a Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism that allows only a small number of nodes to mine blocks on the network as opposed to Ethereum 1. There's a group of folks who are not native technologists and for whom the current situation is a massively depressing model. With the VENMO account, users can transfer funds to each other via the VENMO app. If you normally use the VPN, but forget it one time, you are now exposed.
By April 20, an apparent "rogue" Wall Street Market administrator called "Med3l1n"began contacting buyers and sellers and threatening to darknet markets give their plaintext address to Europol and the FBI unless they sent 0. There are currently a total of 432,000 slots (5 days) in each epoch.
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» Cal/OSHA: Tesla underreported workplace injuries
Cal/OSHA: Tesla underreported workplace injuries
On behalf of Law Offices of Hussain & Gutierrez | Mar 25, 2020 | Blog, Workplace Injuries |
According to California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA), Tesla, the manufacturer of all-electric luxury automobiles, has avoided providing full reports of workplace accidents and injuries at its factory. The company has cited reports from the department in the past to dismiss allegations of workplace safety problems at the facility. However, Cal/OSHA says that Tesla excluded hundreds of workplace injuries from the annual summary the company provides to the government, based on the logs of incidents received at the facility. Cal/OSHA issued a memorandum in December 2019 discussing the issue, and reporters obtained the information through a public records request.
Earlier, Tesla executives had cited Cal/OSHA evaluations in response to questions about workplace safety at its California plant. Company officials claimed that Cal/OSHA had determined Tesla was not under-reporting its injuries in October 2018, and the automaker said that its records were 99% accurate after agency review. However, Cal/OSHA said that it was not verifying Tesla's workplace injury reports in 2018 and has no way to verify the claim about the accuracy of its reporting. Since that time, workplace safety concerns about the factory have died down since the difficult period when the company began producing its Model 3 sedans.
However, the documents indicate that Tesla exaggerated the progress it made in improving workplace safety. Cal/OSHA and other government agencies typically rely on self-reported data about work injuries in order to determine which companies may have safety problems and which sites may be highlighted for future inspections. Incorrect or false reports may mean that dangerous safety issues go unexposed.
When workers are injured on the job, they may have the right to benefits that cover their medical bills and other costs. A workers' compensation lawyer may also help clients to seek redress for workplace safety violations.
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