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Using virtual reality to make nuclear reality safer
At Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico—home of the first American atomic bomb— -- scientists are using video-game technology to enhance training for the inspectors who monitor civilian nuclear activities around the world.
The goal is to use virtual models of nuclear facilities to provide much more realistic training—an effort to revolutionize global efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. (Full Story)
Melrose team tops supercomputing challenge
Randall Rush, his brother Richard, and Kyle Jacobs of Melrose High School reacting to their project being selected as the winner in the 20th New Mexico Super- computing Challenge. LANL photo.
Three students from Melrose High School won first place in this year's state Supercomputing Challenge, hosted by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Two Los Alamos High School teams captured second and third place.
About 250 students from 70 teams statewide participated in the competition, now in its 20th year. The teams spent this school year researching scientific problems, developing sophisticated computer programs, and learning about computer science with mentors from the state's national laboratories and other organizations. (Full Story)
Supercomputing standouts
Two four–student teams from Los Alamos High School captured second and third place in the 20th New Mexico Supercomputing Challenge hosted by Los Alamos National Laboratory. "The Holy Grail of Adam's Ale" received second place.
The Los Alamos High School team of Gabriel Montoya, Rachel Robey, Orli Shlachter and Orion Staples each received $500 for the second-place research project, which used geostatistics, a branch of applied statistics, to find aquifers and other groundwater sources. (Full Story)
Also this week in the Monitor
Los Alamos National Laboratory participates in National Lab Day to increase awareness of science across the nation.
Events planned May 4-5 at Bradbury Science Museum Connecting teachers and students with scientists, engineers, mathematicians and industry professionals across the country is the goal of National Lab Day, a year-round initiative spearheaded by President Barack Obama. (Full Story)
Los Alamos Lab earns recognition for emissions technology
A welder fabricates an ENDURE Catalyst module.
Two Los Alamos National Laboratory technologies, ENDURE SCR Catalyst and Hyperion Power Module, received Awards of Excellence in Technology Transfer from the Federal Laboratory Consortium.
The ENDURE SCR Catalyst is a novel technology that virtually eliminates nitrogen oxides (NOX) from engine exhaust streams. The Hyperion Power Module was licensed exclusively to Hyperion Power Generation Inc. in 2008 and uses the energy of low-enriched uranium fuel and meets all the non-proliferation criteria of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership. (Full Story)
Robotics, rocketry, and tie-dye
Students stand by to launch their rockets. KOAT video.
In its weekly Research Rocks! Report, KOAT-TV focuses on a Los Alamos National Laboratory program for elementary school students called "Robotics, Rocketry, and Tie-dye" that teaches basic chemistry concepts to about 400 Northern New Mexico students. (See the Video)
Raytheon to develop nuclear detection system
Raytheon has won a $20.5m contract to develop an automated nuclear radiation detection system by the US Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). [Partners include Los Alamos National Laboratory.] (Full Story)
To subscribe to Los Alamos Report, please e-mail listmanager@lanl.gov and include the words subscribe los alamosreport in the body of your email message; to unscubscribe, include unsubscribe losalamosreport.
At Los Alamos, working against their own creation
America's first atomic bomb was made at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, and for decades the work there centered on designing nuclear weapons.
But quietly, for years, some at Los Alamos have puzzled over ways to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.
That work is all the more important in the wake of last week's nuclear summit in Washington, D.C., where nearly 50 nations pledged to do more to safeguard dangerous nuclear materials on their territory.
This is not exactly a swords-into-ploughshares story, but it comes close. (Full story)
The best and the brightest—innovators in the energy labs: commercializing research
Sometimes there's a gap between research conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory and what's needed to turn that research into commercial technology. Bart Raeymaekers' job is to fill that gap.
As the lab's first entrepreneurial postdoctoral fellow, Raeymaekers has a two-year appointment that integrates postdoctoral research with commercialization endeavors.
The program aims to respond to a national trend among students in graduate science programs to look beyond the conventional career tracks for science Ph.D.s. (Full story)
Swift satellite catches its 500th gamma ray burst
In its first five years in orbit, NASA's Swift satellite [using an instrument designed by LANL] has given astronomers more than they could have hoped for. Its discoveries range from a nearby nascent supernova to a blast so far away that it happened when our universe was only 5 percent of its present age.
…Burst 500, officially known as GRB 100413B, exploded in constellation Cassiopeia as a long burst, a type usually associated with the death of a massive star. GRB 100413B came to light when David Palmer, an astrophysicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, … analyzed the data. (Full story)
Observatory sees 500th deep-space explosion
'Remarkable milestone' for space-based satellite orbiting Earth
NASA's Swift observatory, keeping watch for the most powerful explosions in the universe, has hit a major milestone after spotting its 500th cosmic detonation in deep space. (Full story)
A look at homemade explosives school that benefits U.S. troops
For troops on today's battlefield, recognizing improvised homemade bombs can save lives.
At a Los Alamos National Laboratory bomb squad test range--and in a classroom--troops learn the differences between harmless substances and deadly explosives. (Watch it!)
Final contracts awarded
Two small businesses will demolish Cold War-era complex
Los Alamos National Laboratory announced Tuesday that it has awarded its final two demolition contracts under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
The two winning bidders will each demolish a portion of the remaining unused buildings at the Lab's historic Technical Area 21.
…Bruce Schappell, executive director of LANL's Recovery Act cleanup efforts, said the Lab has "a real commitment to small businesses" for this work. (Full story)
Management matters: energy smarts
The digital explosion in the federal government during the last decade has led to efficiency, innovation, and perhaps most apparent to those paying the power bills, data center sprawl. Now the Obama administration is trying not only to streamline operations and lower costs, but to cut energy consumption as well.
…Perhaps the greatest energy-saving potential is in virtualization, a technology that partitions one physical server into multiple virtual servers to maximize capacity….
The Los Alamos National Laboratory virtualized 300 servers and retired three data centers, avoiding $1.4 million in hardware, software, facility and energy costs…. (Full story)
NNSA marks Earth Day by highlighting role in climate modeling, commitment to energy efficiency
As the nation commemorates the 40th anniversary of Earth Day, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) today launched a new feature on its Web site that highlights the role NNSA's national laboratories play in climate modeling and NNSA's efforts to improve energy efficiency across the nuclear security enterprise. . . .
At Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling Project is using advanced supercomputing to model changes in sea levels. (Full story)
LANL PCBs no threat to Rio Grande drinking water
The New Mexico Environment Department has concluded pollution in the Rio Grande coming from Los Alamos National Laboratory [is] …not a threat to Albuquerque's drinking water supply. (Full story)
To subscribe to Los Alamos Report, please send an email and include the words subscribe los alamosreport in the body of your email message; to unscubscribe, include unsubscribe losalamosreport.
US nuclear policy could
boost basic research
LANL's William Rees. LANL photo.
William Rees, who manages non-proliferation programmes as principal associate director for Global Security at Los Alamos National Laboratory, says that the lab needs to ensure a broad scientific base as an entry point for new recruits.
Initially, these researchers might start work at the lab in its non-weapons programmes, such as projects in studying greenhouse-gas emissions and seismology. Some of those may then move into the weapons programme. (Full Story)
Black hole twins
spew gravitational waves
Gravitational waves are like ripples in the fabric of space–time. Physics World illustration.
A team of researchers, led by Chris Belczynski of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, report that these projects have taken the wrong option, saying that double black hole systems may be far more common than previously thought. The reason is related to stars' metallicity, which is the fraction of elements that are heavier than helium. (Full Story)
New study shows possibilities and dangers of nanotechnology
Los Alamos National Laboratory toxicologist Jun Gao, a co-author in the study, works in his laboratory. LANL photo.
Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico originally set out to study the interactions of carbon fullerenes -- soccer-ball shaped molecules more commonly known as "buckyballs" -- and cell membranes, said Rashi Iyer, a toxicologist at Los Alamos and principal research lead on the study, which was recently published in the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Full Story)
Optimal Dynamic Detection system detects nitroglycerin-based bombs
Los Alamos National Laboratory researcher Shawn McGrane adjusts the gas content for the shaped laser system to create visible light. LANL photo.
Los Alamos National Laboratory and Princeton University researchers have successfully demonstrated the functioning of the Optical Dynamic Detection (ODD) system that can detect chemical explosives like nitroglycerin in a package.
The ODD project was initiated during the 2008 summer when these researchers discussed the proof of ODD concept with the Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) of the Homeland Security. (Full Story)
Pentagon turns to 'softer' sciences
US defence research to focus more on biology, cybersecurity and social sciences to help win conflicts.
Farmers work on a poppy field in Helmand province in April. Reuters photo.
The Pentagon's director of defence research and engineering is ramping up funding in social-science projects, including a model developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico to simulate the opium trade in Afghanistan and analyse the effectiveness of efforts to combat it. (Full Story)
5 companies making fuel
from algae now
Algae biofuel research at Colorado State University in partnership with Solix and LANL. CSU photo.
Solix is also collaborating with the Los Alamos National Laboratory to use its acoustic-focusing technology to concentrate algal cells into a dense mixture by blasting them with sound waves.
Oil can then be extracted from the mixture by squeezing it out; this makes the extraction process much easier and cheaper, obviating the need for chemical solvents. (Full Story)
Nuvera lands $8.4m in federal funding
The Chevrolet Equinox fuel cell vehicle. GM photo.
Nuvera Fuel Cells is getting $8.4 million from the federal energy department. The money will help fund two projects - valued at $11.1 million. Nuvera has partnered with the Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the Argonne National Laboratory, on its first project, called SPIRE. That project will look how fuel cells degrade in an attempt to improve their durability. (Full Story)
Giant natural particle accelerator
above thunderclouds
Lightning sprite image from Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratories.
The trick to determining the height of one of the natural particle accelerators is to use the radio waves emitted by the particle beam, explains Dr. Martin Fullekrug. These radio waves were predicted by his co-worker Dr. Robert Roussel-Dupré using computer simulations at the Los Alamos National Laboratory supercomputer facility. (Full Story)
For nuclear reactors, metals that heal themselves
A nuclear reactor is a tough place for metals. All those neutrons bouncing around wreak havoc with the crystalline structure of steel, tungsten and other metals used in fuel rods and other parts. Over time, the metals can swell and become brittle.
Now researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico have shown that by altering the microstructure of metals, metallurgists may be able to make reactor parts that are self healing. (full story)
Preparing for possible killer asteroid
If we ever need to use Los Alamos scientist Cathy Plesko's research, we're in nail-biting trouble. But at that moment we're likely to be very glad she did it. Plesko is trying to figure out how to deflect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth.
"You hope you never need it, but you know, you hope you never need car insurance," said the 29-year-old researcher. (full story—requires subscription or advertisement view)
New technologies may help rescue more miners
Several manufacturers are working on low-frequency transmissions, one of the more advanced is "through-the-earth radio" technology being developed by Vital Alert Communications Inc. of Toronto and its U.S. subsidiary, Vital Alert Technologies of Cleveland. Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico developed the technology. (full story)
Shooting stars can shoot down satellites
We don't know enough about meteoroids
By Sigrid Close - I have worked with Bill Cooke at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and with researchers at the Air Force's Office of Scientific Research throughout my career, first while I conducted studies at MIT Lincoln Laboratory and later at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where my team searched for ground-based electromagnetic pulses using LANL's radio frequency sensors, and now as an assistant professor at Stanford University. (full story)
A tiny change in a tiny particle can mean the difference between treatment and toxicity, federal researchers found in the first observations of its kind.
Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico originally set out to study the interactions of carbon fullerenes – soccer-ball shaped molecules more commonly known as "buckyballs" – and cell membranes, said Rashi Iyer, a toxicologist at Los Alamos and principal research lead on the study, which was recently published in the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. As research progressed, she said that she and her colleagues began to observe an unexpected reaction that could either be dangerous or desirable. (full story)
Plutonium lab key part of updated nuke policy
A multibillion-dollar new plutonium lab in Los Alamos and money for the nuclear weapons scientists who would use it are centerpieces of the Pentagon's updated national nuclear weapons policy, unveiled Tuesday.
Replacement of old Cold War nuclear weapons design and manufacturing buildings, and a focus on human talent at U.S. nuclear weapons laboratories, which include Sandia and Los Alamos in New Mexico, are critical pieces to maintaining our long-term nuclear deterrent, Defense Secretary Robert Gates told reporters during a televised Pentagon briefing. (full story—requires subscription or view of advertising)
Assistance program helps 320 businesses
The New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program will honor nine companies Thursday for outstanding achievements. The companies participated in the program last year. The program is a partnership of Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory and the state of New Mexico. (full story)
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Joshua Tree officials urge visitors: stay away…
Joshua Tree officials urge visitors: stay away this holiday weekend
Photo courtesy of George Land
Visitors line up Friday morning, Dec. 29, to ask questions at Joshua Tree National Park's Oasis Visitor Center. And this isn't even the park's busiest center, said park spokesman George Land, who is urging prospective visitors to consider going elsewhere this weekend because of unprecedented crowds.
By David Downey | ddowney@scng.com | The Press-Enterprise
PUBLISHED: December 29, 2017 at 11:45 a.m. | UPDATED: December 29, 2017 at 1:50 p.m.
The weather is so balmy and people are in such a mood to head outdoors that Joshua Tree National Park is overwhelmed with crowds.
And officials are actually trying to discourage people from visiting the popular high desert park near Palm Springs this weekend — or to come early and plan ahead, if they do.
Those who insist on coming should brace themselves for an experience unlike what they are probably expecting, George Land, a park spokesman, said by phone Friday morning, Dec. 29.
"When it is every bit as crowded as the Santa Monica Freeway at rush hour, that kind of takes away from the whole wilderness park experience," Land said.
How bad could it be?
Consider this, Land said.
"We've had over-mile-long backups at the entrance station, trying to get into the park."
He was talking about the west entrance at Joshua Tree Village, the place to which many GPS systems steer motorists.
He recommends entering through the north entrance at Twentynine Palms or the Cottonwood entrance off the 10 Freeway.
"You'll spend a lot less time getting into the park," Land said.
Once in, don't expect smooth sailing. Land said there is a "solid stream" of cars on many roads.
And forget about camping.
"The campgrounds have been full since before Christmas," Land said.
With that in mind, national park officials recommend:
Meeting friends and family outside the park and carpooling in. That saves time and money, as park entry fees cover everyone in the vehicle.
Arriving at the park before 8 a.m.
Using an alternate entrance.
Visiting other natural attractions such as Death Valley National Park and Mojave National Preserve.
Camping at private campgrounds outside the park. Officials said the Bureau of Land Management offers free dispersed camping to the north and south.
Bringing plenty of drinking water.
The park is on pace to set another visitation record for 2017, eclipsing the mark of 2.6 million visitors set last year, Land said.
"We love to see people coming out to the park," said Land, who added that with the conditions this weekend, "We'd rather people not show up and be disappointed — and never come back."
Information: https://NPS.gov/JoshuaTree/PlanYourVisit
Man stabbed to death in Riverside; attacker detained
Fontana boys soccer team forfeits 13 victories for rules violation
Victorville man dies after hospitalization from San Bernardino shooting
Man found shot to death in San Bernardino
David Downey | Reporter
Dave is a general assignment reporter based in Riverside, writing about a wide variety of topics ranging from drones and El Nino to trains and wildfires. He has worked for five newspapers in four states: Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and California. He earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from Colorado State University in 1981. Loves hiking, tennis, baseball, the beach, the Lakers and golden retrievers. He is from the Denver area.
ddowney@scng.com
Follow David Downey	@DavidDowneySCNG
San Bernardino sets mayor's salary at $50,000 beginning in December

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5hmC: a Helping Hand in Drug Addiction
While there's no doubting that one month of continuous cocaine exposure is going to have an effect on the brain, it seems that some of the molecular culprits behind the response and long-term effects are 5hmC and the TET protein family. An international research team studying addiction via cocaine show that repeat exposure downregulates the TET machinery in the brain's reward centre, the nucleus accumbens, once the mice get hooked.
5hmC is an intermediate step of active DNA demethylation, but rather than being just a transient by-product it also serves as an epigenetic mark in its own right. 5hmC appears to be particularly relevant to the brain and other neural contexts, where it is dynamically created by the TET enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of 5mC. This creates an indicator for the removal of DNA cytosine methylation and leads to altered transcritpomics, including distinct gene expression and alternative splicing profiles. Furthermore, the time scale for the mark is quite rapid and can occur in response to environmental events.
Previously, the group of Eric Nestler at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini in New York has teamed up with the genome editing pioneers of the Feng Zhang lab at MIT and used epigenome editing via artificial transcription factors to show that specific epigenetic remodelling events control addiction and depression.
This was accomplished using Zinc Finger Protiens (ZFPs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) fused to effector domains, which allowed for either epigenetic or transcriptional control. Using this biotechnology they showed the ability to target histone methylation (H3K9me2 via G9a) or acetylation (correlated with their transcriptional activator, p65) to transcription factor binding sites (SRF and CREB) of the Fosb promoter in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, the systems replicated alterations to transcriptional control that typically occur in response to stress or to drugs, like cocaine.
In their most recent report, the team characterized the natural methylomic response to the drug. Here's what they found in the brains of mice after a cocaine binge:
5hmC is added to putative enhancers and coding regions involved in drug addiction.
The 5hmC induction can be replicated in TET1 knockdown mice.
The molecular profile driven by this change involves increased expression and alternative splicing of the genes with the newly acquired 5hmC, roles previously known for 5hmC.
Interestingly, some of the marks persisted for as long as a month after the cocaine exposure, showing off the true long-term nature behind such a dynamic response to environment. This works adds an in vivo environmental context to the initial discovery of 5hmC as a neuroepigenetic mark for alternative splicing and synaptic function in the brain.
Go and stimulate your reward centre with some in vivo insight over at Nature Neuroscience, March 2015


A Bloom filter is a method for representing a set of n elements (also called keys) to support membership queries. It was invented by Burton Bloom in 1970  and was proposed for use in the web context by Marais and Bharat  as a mechani sm for identifying which pages have associated comments stored within a CommonKnowledge server.
Figure 3: A Bloom Filter with 4 hash functions.
The idea (illustrated in Figure 3) is to allocate a vector v of m bits, initially all set to 0, and then choose k independent hash functions, ,each with range . For each element , the bits at positions h1(a), h2(a), ..., hk(a) in v are set to 1. (A particular bit might be set to 1 multiple times.) Given a query for b we check the bits at positions h1(b), h2(b), ..., hk(b). If any of them is 0, then certainly b is not in the set A. Otherwise we conjecture that b is in the set although there is a certain probability that we are wrong. This is called a ``false positive.'' or, for historical reasons, a ``false drop.'' The parameters k and m should be chosen such that the probability of a false positive (and hence a false hit) is acceptable.
Table 3 though Table 5 list the false positive retios for common combinations of m/n and k.
Table 3: False positive rate under various m/n and k combinations.
Table 4: False positive rate under various m/n and k combinations.
Table 5: False positive rate under various m/n and k combinations.
The graph in Figure 4 shows the probability of a false positive as a function of the number of bits allocated for each entry, that is, the ratio . The curve above is for the case of 4 hash functions. The curve below is for the optimum number of hash functions. The scale is logarithmic so the straight line observed corresponds to an exponential decrease. It is clear that Bloom filters require very little storage per key at the slight risk of some false positives. For instance for a bit array 10 times larger than the number of entries, the probability of a false positive is 1.2% for 4 hash functions, and 0.9% for the optimum case of 5 hash functions. The probability of false positives can be easily decreased by allocating more memory.
Figure 4: Probability of false positives (log scale). The top curve is for 4 hash functions. The bottom curve is for the optimum (integral) number of hash functions.
Since in our context each proxy maintains a local Bloom filter to represent its own cached documents, changes of set A must be supported. This is done by maintaining for each location in the bit array a count of the number of times that the bit is set to 1 (that is, the number of elements that hashed to under any of the hash functions). All the counts are initially 0. When a key a (in our case, the URL of a document) is inserted or deleted, the counts c(h1(a)), c(h2(a)), ..., c(hk(a)) are incremented or decremented accordingly. When a count changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit is turned on. When a count changes from 1 to 0 the corresponding bit is turned off. Hence the local Bloom filter always reflects correctly the current directory.
In other words if we allow 4 bits per count, the probability of overflow for practical values of m during the initial insertion in the table is minuscule.
In practice we must take into account that the hash functions are not truly random, and that we keep doing insertions and deletions. Nevertheless, it seems that 4 bits per count would be amply sufficient. Furthermore if the count ever exceeds 15, we can simply let it stay at 15; after many deletions this might lead to a situation where the Bloom filter allows a false negative (the count becomes 0 when it shouldn't be), but the probability of such a chain of events is so low that it is much more likely that the proxy server would be rebooted in the meantime and the entire structure reconstructed.


This is the official artwork for the 2001 Petite LeMans endurance race. It is very rare only 6 remain. An excellent painting printed on over sized, heavy paper. Painted by motorsports artist Lee Bivens.
Size 24 x 36. Printed on museum quality paper to last infinitely.


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Q: Moving  to higher row when other  has been removed I have an table of images which is 4xM length:

...

On every image I have an onClick='RemoveImg(id);' to remove it's  tag:
function RemoveImg(id)
{
$('#'+id).remove();
}

After I remove for example td with id=3 my html look like this:

...

How can I make it td with id=5, from row below moves up and look like this

...

A: You could get rid of the table rows altogether and use CSS to float the divs next to each other within a fixed width container.  Then it would happen automagically

With accompanying CSS
#container {
    width: {fixed_width};
}

#container div {
    display: inline-block;
    float: left;
}

A: The way I understand your question is that you always want 4 items in a row. You would need to loop over each row moving the first td from the next row up.
Alternatively, you could consider using ul/li and floating each list item. If you put a width on the ul, the li children will automatically wrap for you when one is removed or added. This also would work with any floated element should your content be larger. Let me know if you'd like an example.

A: Code sample here removes 3rd column from first row and adds first column from second row to first row.
    function RemoveImg(columntoRemove, columntoAppend)
    {
      $('#'+columntoRemove).remove();
      var col5 = $("#" + columntoAppend).clone();
      $("#abctable tr:first").append(col5);
    };

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A. majus Feathery foliage with Queen Anne's Lace-like flowers adds airy texture to bouquets and the garden. Queen of Africa is preferred by professional cutflower growers for its straight stems. Culture: Start outdoors when soil is warm to touch and chance of frost is past. Annual | Ht. 100cm/36" | 1200-1700 sds/gm.


We charge a flat shipping fee, Priority shipping which is 2-3 days to reach destination.
When packages are marked delivered and you do not see your package you would need to contact your local post office. LeMae' Cosmetics is not responsible for lost or stolen packages.
Shipping is usually 2-3 business days.
Please allow 1-3 business days for order to process. Please allow 4-6 business days for processing during full restocks, new shade releases and holidays. This is NOT including Saturday and Sunday.
Please double check address on your account and or Paypal before making a purchase. This will result into a smoother transaction for both parties. We check all emails every 24-48 hours. If we print your label before we had a chance to read the email then we would have to wait until the package is sent back to us.
If for any reason decide to cancel an order. Please do so in the first hour of ordering. We are working to get orders out faster. There might be a chance that we might miss your email and we could have already printed your label. By that time your package would be on its way and would be too late to change anything. We would then have to wait until it gets sent back to us and that could take up to a month. If your label is not printed then we will refund you and you may correct the address and repurchase.


Eyes Down for The Irish Open!
Yes, Good Friday is here, and that means only one thing in Dublin – if you are a poker player! The Paddy Power Poker Irish Open starts today, with a power-packed field attracted to the Emerald Isle by the smell of €2,000,000 of crisp banknotes.
Of course, a fair proportion of the field won't have come far at all. The Irish love a gamble and there are limitless numbers prepared to stake the €5,000 and change to get a seat, ideally next to Jennifer Tilly. They will hope Phil "Unibomber" Laak isn't also next to them as he may have a word to say.
Also here is Antonio "The Magician" Esfandiari from the States. Anyone who saw his performance in the William Hill Grand Prix Final on TV recently will know this is a player who should progress far in the Irish Open, barring bad beats. Another heavyweight that most certainly raises the profile of the Paddy Power Poker Irish Open is Mike Sexton, the WPT anchorman and a respected poker professional in his own right. With a Gold Bracelet and a long line of final tables at the WSOP, plus a $1,000,000 win in Las Vegas in 2006, players raise this man at their own risk!
Other usual suspects in Dublin include the Devilfish, and the recent Irish finalist at Monte Carlo in the European Poker Tour, Andrew Black, who should be generating plenty of support and noise, and that's before the crowd gets involved! We will all know Andrew Black is here, one of poker's entertainers. In a similar vein, we also have Irish veteran and former Ladbrokes Poker Million winner Donnacha O'Dea in attendance. Quieter but no less dangerous.
Scandinavian EPT winners will be present in abundance, hoping for a Euro windfall. Included in their ranks are Andreas Hoivold and Mats Iremark. Also here is regular Party Poker TV tournament winner, and commentator, Ian Fraser.
The Hendon Mob and plenty more will be dropping over from the UK so we can certainly look forward to an exciting Irish Open. If it's peace and quiet you want, best to head out of Dublin this Easter!


New date added at Margaret Court Arena in Melbourne on March 5th.
The show on March 4th is now SOLD OUT.
Pre-sale tickets will be available from 11am on 5th October HERE.
General-sale is from 12pm on 7th October, HERE.


AIU Online Degrees | harlan.
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AIU (American Intercontinental University) Online enjoys the most important status as an online organization. The American Intercontinental University has always been fretful in meeting the challenges of up to date education. Its principal aim is to accomplish the didactic thirst of working or on job students and industry people and organize them well to meet the needs and requirements of their proficient careers. The doors of American Intercontinental University (AIU) are wide open for those who desire to get edification with dedication and have the spirit to get their ambition.
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Owing to its worldwide demand, American Intercontinental University is also offering degrees in Information Technology. Master Degree in IT Project Management is the special feast if AIU Online.
American Intercontinental University Online is gravely concerned with providing excellence learning to those who really want to get learning with a passion but cannot spare time to be present in classes at regular colleges and universities.


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Snøhetta reimagines long-closed 1930s Norwegian harbour bath Knubben
Rima Sabina Aouf | 16 August 2021 Leave a comment
Snøhetta has unveiled its plan to revive a traditional harbour bath in the city of Arendal, Norway, with a layered structure that looks like a topographical map of the area.
The Knubben bath, built in 1937 and closed a decade later, will be reimagined as a lively meeting place with multi-use facilities and an appearance that mimics the area's natural rock formations.
Snøhetta's structure is built from horizontal layers arranged to look like the contour lines of a map
The bath is situated on a 750-square-metre skerry just outside of Arendal, in the Galtesund strait between the islands of Tromøy and Hisøy.
Its original design was by architect Ketil Ugland and is described by Snøhetta as "one of the clearest examples of functionalistic architecture in Norway" and "a small yet elegant example of the modernist spirit".
The new Knubben will include both indoor and outdoor facilities
The Norwegian architecture firm had hoped to restore the facility, but a feasibility study led it to conclude that was not practical, as the site would need major modernisation.
Instead, Snøhetta's proposal tries to honour the location with a new structure inspired by the landscape of the southeastern Norwegian coast and stone shaped by the last glacial period.
A new diving platform will replace the one demolished in the 1980s
"In returning the traditional harbour bath to its original glory, we realised that the volumetric response had to speak a different architectural language to honour the proud history of the 1930s bath," Snøhetta project manager Marius Hauland Næss told Dezeen.
"As such, the concept for the addition is a landscape that builds on the existing skerry, which forms the base for the original bath."
Kengo Kuma to build aquatics centre and harbour bath in Copenhagen
The new structure will sit on steel core piles and be built in horizontal layers that look like the contour lines on a map. To withstand the coastal conditions and create a monolithic look, it will be built largely from concrete, although Snøhetta hopes to incorporate some technologies that are less greenhouse-gas emitting.
"We have a clear ambition to challenge materials in this project, since the compound sits in a fragile marine environment and finds itself at the mercy of ever-changing, rough weather conditions," said Næss.
"One of our goals is to infuse the project with other, supplemental technologies that focus on the up- and recycling of materials, such as but not limited to glass."
Snøhetta has experimented with material technologies such as creating concrete with biochar to trap carbon and aims to apply some of this research to the project.
"So far, carbon-neutral and even carbon negative compositions have been achieved, so we are looking at viable options for application in the project, either structurally or aesthetically," continued Næss.
Snøhetta's plans for Knubben also include a new diving platform to replace the one demolished in the 1980s.
In addition, the site will have an open-air stage and amphitheatre for performances, as well as indoor areas for a restaurant and more intimate concerts.
The site will include an amphitheatre for open-air performances
The original harbour bath boasted a 10-metre diving platform, a children's pool, changing rooms and a kiosk. After its closure, Knubben briefly reopened as a jazz club in the 1960s.
"The facility has the potential to become a hybrid that fluidly combines culture, recreation, marine biology and learning, and a very locally anchored food experience," said Næss.
"As an organism then, the compound works circularly to facilitate sustainable experiences on multiple fronts."
The new design will fit with the landscape of the coastline
The Knubben bath is set to reopen in 2024.
Recent buildings by Snøhetta include the shimmering Le Monde Group Headquarters in Paris and the cloud-like El Paso Children's Museum.
Imagery is by Snøhetta and Aesthetica Studio.
Snøhetta
harbour baths
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text:
import java.util.OptionalInt;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class Main {
  private static OptionalInt test() {
      boolean seen = false;
      int acc = 0;
      for (int i : new int[]{}) {
          if (!seen) {
              seen = true;
              acc = i;
          } else {
              acc = acc * i;
          }
      }
      return seen ? OptionalInt.of(acc) : OptionalInt.empty();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(test());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Cyclists now have the opportunity to use a new bicycle path to reach the popular Sukhothai Historical Park tourist attraction, located within the ancient city of Sukhothai. The bicycle path is approximately fifteen (15) kilometers in length and meanders along parts of the Mae Ramphan River while passing through villages and farmland.
The bicycle path starting point is easy to find from one of the city's main roads (#101), as it is just near the entrance to the new city bus station. From this starting point you can enjoy a leisurely ride through beautiful surroundings and arrive at the Sukhothai Historical Park without having to bother with the city's main roads and heavy vehicle traffic.
First of all, thanks for the article.
Second, do you know a place to rent bicycles in Sukhotai New City? We want to go cycling from here to the old town.


Northern Property Real Estate Investment Trust and True North Apartment Real Estate Investment Trust announced the creation of Canada's third-largest publicly-traded multi-family REIT.
NPR will acquire True North through a plan of arrangement whereby True North unitholders will receive 0.3908 NPR trust units for each of their True North trust units, representing a premium of 16.4 per cent over the closing price of True North units on Friday, August 7.
In addition, NPR has agreed to acquire a 4,650 suite, multi-family portfolio from Starlight Investments Ltd. as well as from a joint venture between the Public Sector Pension Investment Board and Starlight for an aggregate purchase price of $535 million to be satisfied by the payment of cash, the assumption of debt, and the issuance of NPR trust units and class B limited partnership units, which are economically equivalent to and exchangeable for trust units of NPR. As part of the transactions, NPR will change its name to Northview Apartment Real Estate Investment Trust to reflect the new national character of Northview's portfolio and its future growth strategy.
Mr. Cook will serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of Northview, and Mr. Veiner will join Northview as Chief Operating Officer, bringing significant industry experience in the central Canadian market and continuity to management of the True North portfolio.
In connection with the closing of the transactions, Starlight will enter into a transitional service agreement with Northview to provide certain support services with respect to the newly acquired properties located in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Under the terms of this agreement, Northview will pay an annual service fee of 0. 125 per cent of the value of the properties acquired in those provinces for a period of three years, with two one-year extension options in favour of Northview. This transitional service agreement may be terminated early by Northview in respect of the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia properties after two years. The service fee in the first year following completion of the transactions is expected to be approximately $1.6 million. The agreement also contemplates a fee payable by Northview in the event that it acquires properties sourced by Starlight (including those acquired as part of the Institutional Portfolio), other than those which are wholly-owned by Starlight.
Following the completion of the transactions, the Northview Board of Trustees will be comprised of ten members. Pursuant to an agreement to be entered into between Northview and Mr. Drimmer, Mr. Drimmer will have the right to nominate two Trustees to the Board of Northview, one of whom must be independent pursuant to Canadian securities laws. Upon closing, Mr. Drimmer and Mr. Graham Rosenberg will join the Northview Board along with NPR's existing Trustees, with Mr. Douglas H. Mitchell continuing to serve as Chairman of the Board.


text:
Lakeview extends winning streak to 15
Updated: April 28, 2009, 11:56 p.m.
The Lakeview Academy baseball team extended its winning streak to 15 games with a four-inning 17-0 win against Prince Avenue Christian on Tuesday in Athens.
Ralston Cash led Class A's second-ranked Lions (22-1, 15-0 Region 8-A) at the plate, going 4-for-4 with two home runs, four runs scored and five RBIs. Ross Biegler was 2-for-3 with a double and three RBIs and Tyler Ward added two hits, a double and two RBIs for the Lions.
Taylor Simpson pitched three innings to record the win for Lakeview. Lakeview wraps up regular season play when it plays host to Hebron Christian at 4:30 p.m. Friday.
West Forsyth 10,
Chestatee 0 (Monday)
The Wolverines clinched a playoff spot with a region win Monday in Cumming. Michael Moch threw his second-no hitter of the year, striking out eight for West Forsyth. Tommy Ferguson led the Wolverines (16-7, 16-6 Region 7-AAA) at the plate, going 2-for-3 with a triple and three RBIs. Jared Horowitz doubled and had an RBI and Harold Earls scored three runs for West Forsyth.
Chestatee (6-16, 6-16) plays host to Creekview today. West Forsyth wraps up the regular season when it visits Flowery Branch at 5:30 p.m. Thursday.
High school results may be reported by 10:30 p.m. by calling 770-718-3406, e-mail sports@gainesvilletimes.com. Results reported after deadline will appear in the following day's paper.


text:
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  USE_SYSTEM_VAR ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_USE_SYSTEM_${proj}
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  unset(KWSTYLE_EXECUTABLE CACHE)
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    message(FATAL_ERROR "Couldn't find 'kwstyle' on the system !")
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# Sanity checks
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  message(FATAL_ERROR "KWSTYLE_EXECUTABLE variable is defined but corresponds to non-existing executable")
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                      CVS_MODULE "KWStyle")
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  VARS KWSTYLE_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH
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  )


text:
Plymouth Museums Galleries Archives
#MuseumOnTour
Plymouth History Heroes
#BehindTheScenes
Wild About Plymouth
Photo Detectives
In the Frame: Plymouth's Portraits Revealed
Sir Joshua Reynolds: Journey to Genius
Category: Love Our Past
History Centre Heroes: Dawn French
Some of the best Christmas television in recent years has been provided by today's History Centre Hero. Who can forget the Vicar Of Dibley Christmas specials – particularly the last one in 2006 when the character of Geraldine Granger finally fell in love and got married?
Dawn French has had a long career as a nationally renowned comedian, mostly in TV but also in film and theatre, writing and performing sketch shows with Jennifer Saunders and other major comedians of the alternative comedy scene.
But her one role most likely to be discussed by future historians is that of Geraldine Granger in the BBC comedy sitcom 'The Vicar of Dibley' which ran from 1994-2007. Two years after women were first allowed to become priests in the Church of England, this award winning series made her into a sort of patron saint for professional women.
It had a huge impact on getting them generally accepted in the last of the traditional professions, and if sexist attitudes at work continued, perhaps she at least made it easier for women to laugh it off; watching from the sofa Geraldine's troubles with an array of characters in a fictional Oxfordshire village.
Dawn French was born in Holyhead in Wales in 1957. Her parents were from Plymouth, and though they moved often as her father was in the RAF, she stayed in the city during term time at St Dunstan's Abbey School (now merged with Plymouth College) on North Road West.
When she was eighteen her talent for public speaking was spotted by local MP Michael Foot during a debating competition. He nominated her for a scholarship to spend a year in the USA at an independent school in New York, a period she drew upon in her novel According to Yes (2015).
At the Central School of Speech and Drama in London she was training to be a drama teacher when she met Jennifer Saunders, a comedian with a similar mission to upset chauvinist stereotypes, and began to work on the double act that was so successful as 'French and Saunders' (1897-2007). This series of sketches and spoofs on popular culture was given one of the highest budgets in BBC history. Jennifer Saunders' highly popular sitcom 'Absolutely Fabulous' was based on one of their sketches.
After publishing her autobiography Dear Fatty in 2007, Dawn French's work has concentrated more on her own life experiences. She has written two other novels, and recently toured with her first solo show, 'Thirty Million Minutes', when she described how she has spent 'her whole life vigorously attempting to be a fully functioning female human.' She now lives in Fowey, Cornwall, and in March 2015 became the first Chancellor of Falmouth University.
Her 2011 best-selling debut novel A Tiny Bit Marvellous is currently being turned into a series for ITV.
In the meantime, you can catch her in a very different role at the end of the festive period when her new four-part drama 'Delicious' premieres on Sky1 on 30 December.
Written by Rosemary Babichev.
Author Plymouth Arts and HeritagePosted on December 14, 2016 January 20, 2017 Categories #PHHeroes, Love Our Past, Museum, Plymouth History CentreTags comedian, comedy, French and Saunders, history, History Centre, Plymouth, plymouth museum, plymouthmuseum, St Dunstan's, Vicar of DibleyLeave a comment on History Centre Heroes: Dawn French
Decant Day, 12 October 2016: Our Clare Twomey commission comes down
by Jo Clarke, Marketing and Communications Officer
The decant of the Museum and Art Gallery's former public spaces is moving at pace and some of our most iconic works are now being packed up ready for safe storage.
One of the first is 'Plymouth Porcelain: A New Collection' by Clare Twomey which has been decanted over the last couple of weeks.
We worked with Clare on this commission in 2011-12. She is a British artist who primarily works with clay in large-scale installations, sculpture and site-specific works. Over the past 10 years she has exhibited at the Victoria and Albert Museum, Tate, Crafts Council, Museum of Modern Art Kyoto Japan, the Eden Project and the Royal Academy of Arts. Working on the project with her was a fantastic opportunity for us to collaborate with a really well-established artist and the staff involved learnt a lot.
The work broke new ground when it was made as it was the first time Clare had created a permanent piece for a Museum. Prior to this many of her major installations had been designed to disappear, break or perish in the course of their exhibition period.
Clockwise from top: Trophy by Clare Twomey at the V&A Museum, 2006: one of the objects selected for our commission and its new porcelain version in Clare's studio, 2011; 'Plymouth Porcelain: A New Collection for Plymouth' by Clare Twomey installed in our Atrium Gallery, 2012; Clare looking at an object brought in to one of our casting days, 2011.
Since February 2012, visitors have been able to view 'Plymouth Porcelain: A New Collection' above the doors of our China Connection gallery. The artwork has 33 suspended cases each of which contain a white porcelain object cast from objects suggested by the people of Plymouth – including a coffee pot that my granddad brought home from Singapore in the 1950s where he'd been serving with the RAF!
The work was inspired by our Plymouth Porcelain collection – the largest public collection of its kind from the first factory that ever produced hard-paste porcelain in England.
William Cookworthy of Kingsbridge, Devon discovered China clay in Cornwall in 1748 and obtained a patent for the manufacture of porcelain twenty years later. His Plymouth factory started in 1768 and ran for two years, producing a wide range of domestic and decorative items. We believe it stood where the site of the current 'China House' pub is on Sutton Harbour.
Taking down Clare Twomey's work involved two members of our front of house team, our art curator, two volunteers and our scissor lift!
Decanting such an important artwork is no quick or easy feat and the process involved three members of staff plus Rosemary and Chris – two of our brilliant volunteers.
The suspended boxes were carefully taken down one at a time – access to them was provided by our trusty scissor lift. The porcelain object was safely removed from the box. Both items were then carried to a packing area where they could be wrapped and documented ready to be transported to our offsite store.
Here's a short piece of timelapse footage showing part of the decant:
In total it took the team four hours to take down the boxes and move them and the porcelain items to the packing area.
It's since taken a further four days to do all the packing and documentation.
Once all the boxes were down, all the porcelain objects were taken out and carefully packed and documented. The boxes were safely wrapped too.
All 33 boxes have been packed in protective bubble wrap and pallet wrapped. The individual ceramic items have also been safely wrapped and packed into 3 large containers.
Part of the commission safely packed and ready to be moved to our offsite store.
It will be strange not to see this beautiful work on display for a while, but there are lots of other ways in which we'll be highlighting our important Plymouth Porcelain collection to people while the development of the History Centre is taking place. More information about these will be published really soon in the news and what's on sections of our website and in future Decant Day blog posts.
We'll leave you with this short clip of the final box being taken down:
'Plymouth Porcelain: A New Collection' was made possible thanks to New Expressions 2, which was supported by MLA Renaissance South West and the National Lottery through Grants for the Arts to enable regional museums to commission new work and join forces with contemporary artists.
Author Plymouth Arts and HeritagePosted on October 12, 2016 Categories #BehindTheScenes, Love Our Past, Plymouth History CentreTags ceramics, Clare Twomey, commission, decant, decorative art, History Centre, museum, packing, Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery, plymouth museum, plymouthmuseum, porcelain1 Comment on Decant Day, 12 October 2016: Our Clare Twomey commission comes down
Mystery items from our Farley's collection
Our Social History curator has been working on a collection that relates to the Farley's factory which was in Plymouth. She has been unable to identify what these objects are, so we'd like to hear from anyone that can help. They look as though they would be used to carry out a fairly specific job so we hope someone might remember using these at work!
If you can help, please add a comment below or get in touch at museum@plymouth.gov.uk.
Author fionabooth2012Posted on January 26, 2016 Categories Love Our Past, Museum, Mystery object, Photo DetectivesTags collection, equipment, factory, Farley's, museum, Plymouth, social history, toolsLeave a comment on Mystery items from our Farley's collection
Can you identify this Plymouth school?
© Plymouth City Council (Arts & Heritage)
It's back to school for many, so we thought this topic would be a good one to jog some memories!
Not one, but two photographs this time. They were catalogued consecutively, which means they are likely to be the same school – but you can never be too sure!
Our volunteer Madeleine had a look at these two photographs but she couldn't identify the school, and neither can we. If anyone was lucky enough (or unlucky depending on the weather!) to remember using this outdoor swimming pool, we'd love to hear from you.
The photographs are from the City Engineers collection, which covers the post-war redevelopment of the city centre as well as new suburbs. Unfortunately no date was recorded with these items, but we would guess they were taken in the early 1960's. We're sure there are some ex-pupils of this school who can enlighten us!
All this work helps towards plans for our redevelopment – you can head over to the Love Our Past news section to find out the latest on the developments.
Author fionabooth2012Posted on September 7, 2015 August 4, 2015 Categories Love Our Past, Museum, Photo DetectivesTags digitisation, documentation, historic photographs, historic plymouth, identification, photographic collection, playground, Plymouth, school, swimming pool3 Comments on Can you identify this Plymouth school?
Plymouth Seafront – can you date this photo?
We continue our series of photo mysteries with this rather lovely photograph of Plymouth seafront.
It looks like the crowds are out making the most of the weather – though there don't appear to be many in the sea, so perhaps it was too early for that!
We don't have a date for this particular photograph so would be pleased if anyone can help. Things we have noted which could help with the dating are:
Smeaton's Tower has stripes
The Pier is in the background (though we aren't sure if this is before or after it was damaged)
There appears to be a slide from the top of the Tinside Lido structure
Any suggestions welcome…..
Author fionabooth2012Posted on August 18, 2015 August 19, 2015 Categories Love Our Past, Museum, Photo DetectivesTags digitisation, documentation, historic photographs, historic plymouth, identification, leisure, Lido, past times, photographic collection, Plymouth, seafront, swimming, Tinside1 Comment on Plymouth Seafront – can you date this photo?
First mystery solved… Devonport Mechanics Insitute
This photograph caused some interest in our office last week! It was catalogued as the interior of Devonport Guildhall, but our volunteer Madeleine was not convinced! Quite a bit of detective work followed, looking into various suggestions including whether it could have been Devonport Library. The racking and filing didn't look like it was part of a library though.
Our Curator of City and Maritime Heritage, Nigel Overton, then suggested to try the Mechanics Institute, which sounded like a good lead. Although there are many references to this building online, it wasn't until after searching on the Plymouth & West Devon Record Office catalogue, we got a match that we could positively identify! Here, it is listed as "a black and white photograph of interior of Devonport Library, showing main hall with gallery". We do think though, that our copy may be from the time that it was used as the Motor Tax office which closed around 1976.
The record is now listed as 'Photograph showing the interior of the Mechanics Institute, Duke Street, Devonport, Plymouth, possibly when it was used as the Motor Taxation Office.' We have the date as c1950, but if you can give a more accurate date it would be welcome!
Author fionabooth2012Posted on July 29, 2015 Categories Love Our Past, Museum, Photo DetectivesTags devonport, digitisation, documentation, historic photographs, historic plymouth, identification, Mechanics Institute, motor tax, office, photographic collection, Plymouth1 Comment on First mystery solved… Devonport Mechanics Insitute
Behind the Scenes, 25 October 2017: Merchant's House Decant
Build Update, 18 October 2017: The tower crane goes up
Behind the Scenes, 11 October 2017: Creating a video legacy for The Box
Museum on Tour, 4 October 2017: A hectic month coming up
Behind the Scenes, 27 September 2017: Engaging communities with creativity
#BuildUpdate
#PHHeroes
Artists Make Faces
Cottonian
Cottonian Furniture
In the Frame
Journey to Genius
Love Our Past
Mystery object
Plymouth History Centre
Plymouth's Greatest Gift
Stories from the Stores
The Box, Plymouth
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Plymouth Museums Galleries Archives WordPress.com.


In normal situations when only light harvesting is anticipated, basil is a light feeder. In good soil it needs no additional fertilizer. If your soil is not yet in shape, it is probably wise to give it an application of slow-acting, granular fertilizer at planting time. Be careful - over-feeding basil stimulates excessive foliage production that reduces the flavor of basil leaves.
Proper pruning of your basil will determine how much of the herb you will harvest in the season.
Whether basil is planted to provide for the kitchen or enhance the landscape, it benefits from regular pinching of its branching stems. Pinching off branch tips stimulates the plant to grow more bushy and compact and yield more foliage for cooking. The more you prune early on, in the first few months, the bigger and bushier each basil plant becomes.
Start pinching off growing tips with your thumb and forefinger or clipping them with pruners when each plant is about 6 inches tall. Always pinch off blossoms as they appear, as they will affect leaf growth and the oil content of the leaves. Best to prune before it flowers by cutting the main stem from the top, leaving at least one node with two young shoots. Thereafter, cut back subsidiary branches every two or three weeks.
If you want to follow the advice of an expert, follow the pruning technique of Susan Belsinger, co-author of Basil: An Herb Lover's Guide. As soon as she plants her seedlings out into the garden she cuts them back to just above the bottom two sets of leaves. Then about every four or five weeks she prunes the plant back again to just above the bottom two sets of leaves, always before they show signs of flowering.
Many basil varieties will grow to be 2 feet tall or more if all conditions are ideal. As the season progresses the stems tend to get a bit brittle and vulnerable to damage from wind storms. A single bamboo stake is usually sufficient to avoid this problem.
Basil - Basil grows well indoors under fluorescent lights, one warm and one cool set at 2 to 4 inches above the plants. It will also thrive under high intensity halide or sodium lights. In artificial light situations, basil needs 14 to 16 hours of light a day.
Basil – Basil grows easily from seed so can be started indoors about 2 to 5 weeks before expected last frost. When the plants are two inches tall, you can transplant them into pots or into a flat for transplanting outside when it is warm enough.
Basil – Basil seedlings are available from the garden center for almost the entire season. Basil also grows easily from seed. Plant seedlings or sow seed outdoors in the spring when you are certain the danger of frost has passed and when the soil has warmed to a temperature of at least 50F. That is about the same time as your lilac is in full bloom (95% of flower clusters are fully open). Plant the seeds about 1/8 inch deep. When seedlings appear, thin the plants to leave 1 foot of space between them. Basil prefers full sun, but can handle some shade.
Basil is a light feeder. In good soil it needs no additional fertilizer. If your soil is not yet in shape, it is probably wise to give it an application of slow-acting, granular fertilizer at planting time. Be careful - over-feeding basil stimulates excessive foliage production that reduces the flavor of basil leaves.
Basil – Mulching basil helps to keep the ground moist and warm and discourages weeds.
To encourage a bushy basil plant, keep pruning basil all season long. Basil can be harvested all the way to first hard frost when the plant will die.
Basil – You don't want any flowers blooming on your basil; the flavor of the leaves change after flowering. So just before it flowers, cut the main stem of basil from the top, leaving at least one node with two young shoots. Thereafter, cut the branches every two or three weeks. This keeps the plant bushy and delays the production of flowers.
Basil – Keep pinching back the plant and don't let any flowers go to bloom. If you intend to use a lot of basil, you might consider setting out a few more young seedlings to better cover your needs into the fall.
Optional – Some gardeners have found that rigging shade cloth over the basil plants helps them avoid some of the stress coming from the heat of summer.
Basil – Keep pinching back the plant and don't let any flowers go to bloom.
Basil – One trick for keeping basil into the winter is to harvest a bunch now and make pesto according to whatever recipe you choose, but don't add the cheese. Freeze the basil sauce in ice cube trays and then pop the cubes into plastic bags for use later. You then thaw on or more cubes of the paste and add the cheese and you are ready to go.
Basil – Basil outside will die with the first hard frost. However, Basil grows well indoors under fluorescent lights, one warm and one cool set at 2 to 4 inches above the plants. It will also thrive under high intensity halide or sodium lights. In artificial light situations, basil needs 14 to 16 hours of light a day.


text:
'India working hard on direct hits' – fielding coach R Sridhar
by Wisden Staff June 14, 2019 - 9:01am 2 minute read
India's fielding coach R Sridhar is impressed with the current team's efforts in the field, crediting the improved standards to a change in attitude, where individuals are willing to put the team ahead of themselves.
"We encourage fielders to create an opportunity where none exists. We encourage fielders to try and convert an opportunity which they have created. So, that is a rule we would like to take as a fielding unit, to be more on the aggressive side, and we all know where it comes from. It comes from the captain himself," said Sridhar, who was speaking to reporters after India's third game of the 2019 World Cup, against New Zealand, was washed out due to a wet outfield.
"That is the kind of cricket we want to play. There is a brand of cricket we want to play as a fielding unit, so we encourage that. And in the bargain, we lose one here or there, it doesn't matter because on a good day we pull off two or three brilliant run-outs.
"The biggest thing that came out to me [in India's first two matches] was the attitude of the fielders, where they put the team ahead of themselves, but these are the qualities which you need when you want to go out and win championships".
"Kohli and Jadeja can intimidate any batsman. To complement that, Hardik Pandya can really help when needed"
He, however, admitted that directs hits are an area where the team can fare better, citing the previous game [against Australia] as an example.
"I would say converting, whether it's a run-out or not, converting one in three or four throws is a good conversion rate, in my opinion. Don't judge me on that opinion, but in my opinion, picking up one out of four, you're doing a good job as a direct [hit] unit, but we failed to do that in the last game.
"We encourage fielders to create an opportunity where none exists. We encourage fielders to try and convert an opportunity which they have created"
"We had over ten strikes, and we hit only once. In some days we hit three out of five. It's a practice thing and a system based thing, but that is one area we work hard on in every session. We should maybe get better on that and get a couple in the next game."
Since the turn of the millennium, India's fielding standards have been steadily on the rise, and the Virat Kohli-led side are doing their bit to take the legacy forward. Sridhar is pleased with the current line-up, considered one of the best fielding outfits in international cricket at the moment.
"I think I'm very happy with the kind of resources I have. We have a terrific slip catcher and a safe catcher in Rohit [Sharma], and we have two guys, Virat [Kohli] and [Ravindra] Jadeja, who are very intimidating to the position. They can intimidate any batsman, and they are prowling in the 30-yard range.
"To complement that, we have a player like Hardik Pandya, who can really help when needed. We are safe catchers".
"Bumrah is probably one of the hardest workers as far as fielding goes"
Along with the usual suspects, the team has also seen a marked improvement in the standards of players like Jasprit Bumrah, Yuzvendra Chahal and Kedar Jadhav, who weren't as naturally athletic to start with. Bumrah, in particular, wasn't the most gifted fielders when he first set foot in international cricket, but has remarkably improved over the last couple of years. Sridhar acknowledged Bumrah's refinement as a fielder, calling it a 'massive improvement'.
"Bumrah is probably one of the hardest workers as far as fielding goes. From when he joined the team in 2016 to what he is now, he has had a massive improvement, although still a work in progress, but a massive improvement".


text:
California mission founded by St. Junipero Serra gets a papal upgrade
In Catholic News Service, Church in the US
Pablo Kay, CNS
special to crux
Mission San Buenaventura in Ventura, Calif., is seen in this undated photo. On July 15, 2020, Pope Francis elevated the mission church to the rank of minor basilica. (Credit: Mike Nelson/CNS.)
Mission San Buenaventura in California has been named a minor basilica.
VENTURA, California — When Father Tom Elewaut saw the name on his phone's caller ID the night of June 30, the pastor of Mission San Buenaventura guessed the call had something to do with the recent controversy over whether to remove the statue of St. Junipero Serra in front of Ventura's City Hall.
He guessed wrong.
"I've got some good news," said Los Angeles Archbishop Jose H. Gomez on the other end of the line. "You're a minor basilica."
Elewaut's voice started to crack with emotion. He had spent the last six years researching, praying and waiting for Pope Francis to decide whether to elevate the 238-year-old parish to the rank of minor basilica.
On July 15, the feast of the mission's namesake, St. Bonaventure, the pope's decision became public.
At a special 7:30 a.m. Mass celebrated by Gomez, Elewaut and Los Angeles Auxiliary Bishop Robert E. Barron, Mission San Buenaventura was unveiled as the first basilica in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles and the 88th in the United States.
"When the pope designates a basilica, it means this is holy ground, that something beautiful and important in the history of salvation happened here," Gomez said at the Mass.
The liturgy was held outside in the mission's garden because of restrictions on outdoor religious services mandated by California Gov. Gavin Newsom just two days earlier in light of a spike in coronavirus cases in the state.
Of the nine missions St. Junipero founded in what is today California, Mission San Buenaventura has the distinction of being his last, established on Easter, March 31, 1782. The pursuit of the mission's elevation began in 1976.
"Today (God) has been kind enough to grant me the consolation, after many years of longing, of witnessing the founding of the Holy Mission of Our Seraphic Doctor San Buenaventura," Elewaut said. "And the same thing can be said of this founding as the canonization of the saint: 'Quo tardius, eo solemnius.' ('The more slowly, the more solemnly.')"
In making a church a basilica, the pope declares the church to be one of his own.
There are a little more than 1,800 minor basilicas in the world; 87 are in the U.S. and six in California.
For Barron, the announcement had a special significance. Five years ago, two months after St. Junipero's canonization, he was installed as episcopal vicar for the Santa Barbara region of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles in a Mass celebrated at Mission San Buenaventura.
In an interview with Angelus, the online news platform of the archdiocese, he said basilicas are a potent symbol of the church's universality.
"It's a way of linking churches spread all over the world to the pope," he said, adding, "We put strength in diversity today, which is great, but we can sometimes overlook the importance of unity, what brings us all together as one community, despite our massive differences in language and culture."
Now that Mission San Buenaventura is a basilica, it will receive a series of symbolic "upgrades" including a cone-shaped canopy, known as an "ombrellino," that will now be placed above the church's lectern; a bell mounted on a pole, known as the "tintinnabulum," similar to that used during the Middle Ages to signal the pope's approach, will now be used in parish processions; and the insignia of the Papal Cross Keys will appear in banners, signs and over the mission's doors.
But for Elewaut the honor is less about pomp and pageantry and more about motivating his parishioners to live and share their faith in a more authentic way.
"This is going to put a greater responsibility on the parish leadership and the people of the parish to discover new ways of evangelization in the spirit of St. Junipero Serra and St. Bonaventure," he said.
Kay is the editor-in-chief of Angelus, the online news platform of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
In Los Angeles, statue of Junipero Serra toppled in Indigenous protest
Spanish bishop of St. Junipero Serra's birthplace defends missionary's legacy
California mission vandalized with 'Native Land' graffiti
Archbishop Jose H. Gomez
Minor basilicas
Associated Press, Church in Africa


text:
'Windows 8 is a Fundamentally Flawed Response to the iPad' ➝
John Gruber:
Apple's radical notion is that touchscreen personal computers should make severely different tradeoffs than traditional computers — and that you can't design one system that does it all. Windows 8 is trying to have it all, and I don't think that can be done.
I completely agree. If Microsoft built Windows 8 from the ground up, only offering the tile-based interface and touch-specific applications, they'd have a serious competitor to iOS. Switching between applications built for touch and applications built for a keyboard and mouse is too drastic of a change for most users to experience on the same device.
Microsoft should build Windows Phone 7 up and release Office for it, rather than try to convince users that the Microsoft Office they've been using on desktop computers for years, also works well with a touch interface, because it doesn't.
I also love this bit here towards the beginning, talking about Nokia CEO Stephen Elop, HP CEO Leo Apotheker, and Steven Sinofsky, Microsoft's president of Windows and Windows Live:
There's no denying that all three of their companies are now following Apple's lead in mobile computing. If not for the existence and success of iOS, Nokia wouldn't be in trouble (and thus, Elop wouldn't even be its CEO), HP wouldn't have bought Palm (and Palm wouldn't have come up with WebOS), and Windows 8's innovations wouldn't primarily revolve around how it looks and works on thin touchscreen tablets.
This reminds me of a conversation between my cousin, Torin, and I that seems to come up nearly every time we talk. It usually goes something like this:
Me: "If Apple hadn't made the iPhone, I would be using a webOS device. Hands down."
Torin: "If Apple hadn't made the iPhone, webOS wouldn't even exist."
Mike Rockwell ⌁ June 2, 2011
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Build your website on the world's most powerful platform.— WordPress.com


text:
Police identify motorcyclist killed in Hull Street crash in Richmond
By: Vernon Freeman Jr. , Jasmine Norwood
Posted at 12:29 PM, Oct 10, 2018
RICHMOND, Va. – A motorcyclist is dead after a fatal two-vehicle crash on Hull Street Road in Richmond Wednesday morning.
Richmond Police say at 11:36 a.m. officers responded to the 5200 block of Hull Street Road, near Warwick Road for a report of a motor vehicle crash.
Police said a white SUV was traveling eastbound trying to turn left when it collided with a motorcycle heading west on Hull Street.
The motorcyclist, Wayne Antonio Walters, Jr. of the 1800 block of Joplin Street was pronounced dead at the scene. The female driver of the SUV, who had remained at the scene, was uninjured. She was the only occupant of the vehicle.
A Richmond Police Crash Team is investigating the crash.
The identity of the driver will not be released unless charges are filed.
There is no word on charges at this time.
The crash shut down Hull Street in both directions just west of the intersection with Warwick Road.
This is a developing story. Witnesses can send news tips, photos, and video here.
Investigators ask anyone with information about the crash to call RPD Investigator J. Peterson at (804) 646-1511 or Crime Stoppers at (804) 780-1000. The P3 Tips Crime Stoppers app for smartphones may also be used. All Crime Stoppers methods are anonymous.
Contact the CBS 6 Problem Solvers
📱 Download CBS 6 News App
The app features breaking news alerts, live video, weather radar, traffic incidents, closings and delays and more.
CBS 6 News App for Android CBS 6 News App for iPhone


Heavenly Pin-Up WOW Star Carla is riding on her estate and just can't resist showing us her handling skills. Look our Carla! Ouch! Too late! Oh well, looks like she'll have to impress us with her naughty skills instead.


text:
Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab
Guangrong Lu, Ping Zhu, Mayank Rao, Nadine Linendoll, L. Maximilian Buja, Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee, Robert E. Brown, Leomar Y. Ballester, Xuejun Tian, Monika Pilichowska, Julian K. Wu, Georgene W. Hergenroeder, Williams F. Glass, Lei Chen, Rongzhen Zhang, Anil K. Pillai, Robert L. Hunter, Jay Jiguang Zhu
Purpose: Systemic chemotherapy including monotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) or bevacizumab (BEV); two-drug combinations, such as irinotecan (IRI) and BEV, TMZ and BEV and a three-drug combination with TMZ, IRI and BEV (TIB) have been used in treating patients with progressive high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM). Most patients tolerated these regimens well with known side effects of hypertension, proteinuria, and reversible clinical myelosuppression (CM). However, organ- or system- specific toxicities from chemotherapy agents have never been examined by postmortem study. This is the largest cohort used to address this issue in glioma patients. Methods: Postmortem tissues (from all major systems and organs) were prospectively collected and examined by standard institution autopsy and neuropathological procedures from 76 subjects, including gliomas (N = 68, 44/M, and 24/F) and brain metastases (N = 8, 5/M, and 3/F) between 2009 and 2019. Standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed on all major organs including brain specimens. Electronic microscopic (EM) study was carried out on 14 selected subject's kidney samples per standard EM protocol. Medical records were reviewed with adverse events (AEs) analyzed and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.03. A swimmer plot was utilized to visualize the timelines of patient history by treatment group. The binary logistic regression models were performed to explore any associations between treatment strategies and incident myelosuppression. Results: Twenty-four glioma subjects were treated with TIB [median: 5.5 (range: 1–25) cycles] at tumor recurrence. Exposure to IRI significantly increased the frequency of CM (p = 0.05). No unexpected adverse events clinically, or permanent end-organ damage during postmortem examination was identified in glioma subjects who had received standard or prolonged duration of BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies except rare events of bone marrow suppression. The most common causes of death (COD) were tumor progression (63.2%, N = 43) followed by aspiration pneumonia (48.5%, N = 33) in glioma subjects. No COD was attributed to acute toxicity from TIB. The study also demonstrated that postmortem kidney specimen is unsuitable for studying renal ultrastructural pathological changes due to autolysis. Conclusion: There is no organ or system toxicity by postmortem examinations among glioma subjects who received BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies regardless of durations except for occasional bone marrow suppression and reversible myelosuppression clinically. IRI, but not the extended use of TMZ, significantly increased CM in recurrent glioma patients. COD most commonly resulted from glioma tumor progression with infiltration to brain stem and aspiration pneumonia.
Journal of neuro-oncology
We are very grateful to pathology attending physicians and residents from both Tufts Medical Center and UTHealth McGovern Medical School/Memorial Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center. We appreciate the technical assistance of sample preparation for electron microscope examination by Ms. Patricia Navarro at the Pathology Department and sample preparation for IDH study by Mr. Yu Cai of Radiology Department of UTHealth. We are very thankful to Drs. Bihong Zhao and Joanna S. O'Leary at UTHealth for their editorial assistances.
This study is partially funded by the Dr. Marnie Rose Foundation (J-J Z).
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Brain metastasis
End-organ toxicity
Glioblastoma (GBM)
Glioma
Irinotecan
Myelosuppression
10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
Dive into the research topics of 'Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Irinotecan Medicine & Life Sciences 94%
Bevacizumab Medicine & Life Sciences 89%
Glioma Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
Aspiration Pneumonia Medicine & Life Sciences 25%
Cause of Death Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Drug Therapy Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Drug Combinations Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Autopsy Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Lu, G., Zhu, P., Rao, M., Linendoll, N., Buja, L. M., Bhattacharjee, M. B., Brown, R. E., Ballester, L. Y., Tian, X., Pilichowska, M., Wu, J. K., Hergenroeder, G. W., Glass, W. F., Chen, L., Zhang, R., Pillai, A. K., Hunter, R. L., & Zhu, J. J. (2022). Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. Journal of neuro-oncology, 160(1), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. / Lu, Guangrong; Zhu, Ping; Rao, Mayank et al.
In: Journal of neuro-oncology, Vol. 160, No. 1, 10.2022, p. 221-231.
Lu, G, Zhu, P, Rao, M, Linendoll, N, Buja, LM, Bhattacharjee, MB, Brown, RE, Ballester, LY, Tian, X, Pilichowska, M, Wu, JK, Hergenroeder, GW, Glass, WF, Chen, L, Zhang, R, Pillai, AK, Hunter, RL & Zhu, JJ 2022, 'Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab', Journal of neuro-oncology, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
Lu G, Zhu P, Rao M, Linendoll N, Buja LM, Bhattacharjee MB et al. Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. Journal of neuro-oncology. 2022 Oct;160(1):221-231. doi: 10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
Lu, Guangrong ; Zhu, Ping ; Rao, Mayank et al. / Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. In: Journal of neuro-oncology. 2022 ; Vol. 160, No. 1. pp. 221-231.
@article{c53ba22e43db4b7093b2ec5139ca8400,
title = "Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab",
abstract = "Purpose: Systemic chemotherapy including monotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) or bevacizumab (BEV); two-drug combinations, such as irinotecan (IRI) and BEV, TMZ and BEV and a three-drug combination with TMZ, IRI and BEV (TIB) have been used in treating patients with progressive high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM). Most patients tolerated these regimens well with known side effects of hypertension, proteinuria, and reversible clinical myelosuppression (CM). However, organ- or system- specific toxicities from chemotherapy agents have never been examined by postmortem study. This is the largest cohort used to address this issue in glioma patients. Methods: Postmortem tissues (from all major systems and organs) were prospectively collected and examined by standard institution autopsy and neuropathological procedures from 76 subjects, including gliomas (N = 68, 44/M, and 24/F) and brain metastases (N = 8, 5/M, and 3/F) between 2009 and 2019. Standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed on all major organs including brain specimens. Electronic microscopic (EM) study was carried out on 14 selected subject{\textquoteright}s kidney samples per standard EM protocol. Medical records were reviewed with adverse events (AEs) analyzed and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.03. A swimmer plot was utilized to visualize the timelines of patient history by treatment group. The binary logistic regression models were performed to explore any associations between treatment strategies and incident myelosuppression. Results: Twenty-four glioma subjects were treated with TIB [median: 5.5 (range: 1–25) cycles] at tumor recurrence. Exposure to IRI significantly increased the frequency of CM (p = 0.05). No unexpected adverse events clinically, or permanent end-organ damage during postmortem examination was identified in glioma subjects who had received standard or prolonged duration of BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies except rare events of bone marrow suppression. The most common causes of death (COD) were tumor progression (63.2%, N = 43) followed by aspiration pneumonia (48.5%, N = 33) in glioma subjects. No COD was attributed to acute toxicity from TIB. The study also demonstrated that postmortem kidney specimen is unsuitable for studying renal ultrastructural pathological changes due to autolysis. Conclusion: There is no organ or system toxicity by postmortem examinations among glioma subjects who received BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies regardless of durations except for occasional bone marrow suppression and reversible myelosuppression clinically. IRI, but not the extended use of TMZ, significantly increased CM in recurrent glioma patients. COD most commonly resulted from glioma tumor progression with infiltration to brain stem and aspiration pneumonia.",
keywords = "Autopsy, Bevacizumab, Brain metastasis, Chemotherapy, End-organ toxicity, Glioblastoma (GBM), Glioma, Irinotecan, Myelosuppression, Postmortem, Temozolomide",
author = "Guangrong Lu and Ping Zhu and Mayank Rao and Nadine Linendoll and Buja, {L. Maximilian} and Bhattacharjee, {Meenakshi B.} and Brown, {Robert E.} and Ballester, {Leomar Y.} and Xuejun Tian and Monika Pilichowska and Wu, {Julian K.} and Hergenroeder, {Georgene W.} and Glass, {Williams F.} and Lei Chen and Rongzhen Zhang and Pillai, {Anil K.} and Hunter, {Robert L.} and Zhu, {Jay Jiguang}",
note = "Funding Information: We are very grateful to pathology attending physicians and residents from both Tufts Medical Center and UTHealth McGovern Medical School/Memorial Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center. We appreciate the technical assistance of sample preparation for electron microscope examination by Ms. Patricia Navarro at the Pathology Department and sample preparation for IDH study by Mr. Yu Cai of Radiology Department of UTHealth. We are very thankful to Drs. Bihong Zhao and Joanna S. O'Leary at UTHealth for their editorial assistances. Funding Information: This study is partially funded by the Dr. Marnie Rose Foundation (J-J Z). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
doi = "10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y",
journal = "Journal of Neuro-Oncology",
publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
T1 - Postmortem study of organ-specific toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with a combination of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab
AU - Lu, Guangrong
AU - Zhu, Ping
AU - Rao, Mayank
AU - Linendoll, Nadine
AU - Buja, L. Maximilian
AU - Bhattacharjee, Meenakshi B.
AU - Brown, Robert E.
AU - Ballester, Leomar Y.
AU - Tian, Xuejun
AU - Pilichowska, Monika
AU - Wu, Julian K.
AU - Hergenroeder, Georgene W.
AU - Glass, Williams F.
AU - Chen, Lei
AU - Zhang, Rongzhen
AU - Pillai, Anil K.
AU - Hunter, Robert L.
AU - Zhu, Jay Jiguang
N1 - Funding Information: We are very grateful to pathology attending physicians and residents from both Tufts Medical Center and UTHealth McGovern Medical School/Memorial Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center. We appreciate the technical assistance of sample preparation for electron microscope examination by Ms. Patricia Navarro at the Pathology Department and sample preparation for IDH study by Mr. Yu Cai of Radiology Department of UTHealth. We are very thankful to Drs. Bihong Zhao and Joanna S. O'Leary at UTHealth for their editorial assistances. Funding Information: This study is partially funded by the Dr. Marnie Rose Foundation (J-J Z). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
N2 - Purpose: Systemic chemotherapy including monotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) or bevacizumab (BEV); two-drug combinations, such as irinotecan (IRI) and BEV, TMZ and BEV and a three-drug combination with TMZ, IRI and BEV (TIB) have been used in treating patients with progressive high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM). Most patients tolerated these regimens well with known side effects of hypertension, proteinuria, and reversible clinical myelosuppression (CM). However, organ- or system- specific toxicities from chemotherapy agents have never been examined by postmortem study. This is the largest cohort used to address this issue in glioma patients. Methods: Postmortem tissues (from all major systems and organs) were prospectively collected and examined by standard institution autopsy and neuropathological procedures from 76 subjects, including gliomas (N = 68, 44/M, and 24/F) and brain metastases (N = 8, 5/M, and 3/F) between 2009 and 2019. Standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed on all major organs including brain specimens. Electronic microscopic (EM) study was carried out on 14 selected subject's kidney samples per standard EM protocol. Medical records were reviewed with adverse events (AEs) analyzed and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.03. A swimmer plot was utilized to visualize the timelines of patient history by treatment group. The binary logistic regression models were performed to explore any associations between treatment strategies and incident myelosuppression. Results: Twenty-four glioma subjects were treated with TIB [median: 5.5 (range: 1–25) cycles] at tumor recurrence. Exposure to IRI significantly increased the frequency of CM (p = 0.05). No unexpected adverse events clinically, or permanent end-organ damage during postmortem examination was identified in glioma subjects who had received standard or prolonged duration of BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies except rare events of bone marrow suppression. The most common causes of death (COD) were tumor progression (63.2%, N = 43) followed by aspiration pneumonia (48.5%, N = 33) in glioma subjects. No COD was attributed to acute toxicity from TIB. The study also demonstrated that postmortem kidney specimen is unsuitable for studying renal ultrastructural pathological changes due to autolysis. Conclusion: There is no organ or system toxicity by postmortem examinations among glioma subjects who received BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies regardless of durations except for occasional bone marrow suppression and reversible myelosuppression clinically. IRI, but not the extended use of TMZ, significantly increased CM in recurrent glioma patients. COD most commonly resulted from glioma tumor progression with infiltration to brain stem and aspiration pneumonia.
AB - Purpose: Systemic chemotherapy including monotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) or bevacizumab (BEV); two-drug combinations, such as irinotecan (IRI) and BEV, TMZ and BEV and a three-drug combination with TMZ, IRI and BEV (TIB) have been used in treating patients with progressive high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM). Most patients tolerated these regimens well with known side effects of hypertension, proteinuria, and reversible clinical myelosuppression (CM). However, organ- or system- specific toxicities from chemotherapy agents have never been examined by postmortem study. This is the largest cohort used to address this issue in glioma patients. Methods: Postmortem tissues (from all major systems and organs) were prospectively collected and examined by standard institution autopsy and neuropathological procedures from 76 subjects, including gliomas (N = 68, 44/M, and 24/F) and brain metastases (N = 8, 5/M, and 3/F) between 2009 and 2019. Standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed on all major organs including brain specimens. Electronic microscopic (EM) study was carried out on 14 selected subject's kidney samples per standard EM protocol. Medical records were reviewed with adverse events (AEs) analyzed and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.03. A swimmer plot was utilized to visualize the timelines of patient history by treatment group. The binary logistic regression models were performed to explore any associations between treatment strategies and incident myelosuppression. Results: Twenty-four glioma subjects were treated with TIB [median: 5.5 (range: 1–25) cycles] at tumor recurrence. Exposure to IRI significantly increased the frequency of CM (p = 0.05). No unexpected adverse events clinically, or permanent end-organ damage during postmortem examination was identified in glioma subjects who had received standard or prolonged duration of BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies except rare events of bone marrow suppression. The most common causes of death (COD) were tumor progression (63.2%, N = 43) followed by aspiration pneumonia (48.5%, N = 33) in glioma subjects. No COD was attributed to acute toxicity from TIB. The study also demonstrated that postmortem kidney specimen is unsuitable for studying renal ultrastructural pathological changes due to autolysis. Conclusion: There is no organ or system toxicity by postmortem examinations among glioma subjects who received BEV, TMZ or TIB regimen-based chemotherapies regardless of durations except for occasional bone marrow suppression and reversible myelosuppression clinically. IRI, but not the extended use of TMZ, significantly increased CM in recurrent glioma patients. COD most commonly resulted from glioma tumor progression with infiltration to brain stem and aspiration pneumonia.
KW - Autopsy
KW - Bevacizumab
KW - Brain metastasis
KW - Chemotherapy
KW - End-organ toxicity
KW - Glioblastoma (GBM)
KW - Glioma
KW - Irinotecan
KW - Myelosuppression
KW - Postmortem
KW - Temozolomide
U2 - 10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
DO - 10.1007/s11060-022-04144-y
JO - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
JF - Journal of Neuro-Oncology