text:
The creative economy takes center stage
Digital platforms connect artists, artisans, musicians, and filmmakers with a global audience — driving growth in emerging economies.
Global merchandise trade exceeds pre-COVID-19 level, but services recovery falls short
UNCTAD nowcasts show that trade in services has not yet reached its pre-pandemic level, while merchandise trade is projected to have surpassed it by 15%.
Global trade in goods hits all-time quarterly high of $5.6 trillion
UNCTAD estimates show that in the third quarter of 2021 world trade continued its strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic – albeit unevenly across countries and sectors.
Least developed countries cannot afford to strand their assets, given their development challenges
By Paul Akiwumi, Director for Africa and Least Developed Countries, UNCTAD
Developing countries need more support to cope with new global sustainability reporting standards
Rapid changes in global standard-setting put new strains on regulators, institutions and professional bodies in countries with weaker accounting and reporting ecosystems.
Maritime trade weathers COVID-19 storm but faces far-reaching knock-on effects
UNCTAD predicts that annual growth in maritime trade between 2022 and 2026 will slow to 2.4%, compared to 2.9% over the past two decades.
High freight rates cast a shadow over economic recovery
UNCTAD warns that global consumer prices will rise significantly in the year ahead until shipping supply chain disruptions are unblocked and port constraints and terminal inefficiencies are tackled.
AfCFTA could boost maritime trade in Africa
UNCTAD says the African Continental Free Trade Area could boost intra-African trade by up to 33% and cut the continent's trade deficit by 51%.
Asia expands its lead in maritime trade and business
The continent also remains the largest seafarer-supplying region in the world. Four of the top five countries supplying seafarers in 2021 were from Asia.
COVID-19 lowers maritime freight in Latin America and the Caribbean
Slow progress in digitalization and paperless transactions, lack of transparency in regulatory procedures and weaknesses in long-term planning are among the issues holding back port performance in the region.
Access to Medicine (1)
Climate Policy and Trade Rules (1)
(-) Commodities (6)
Competition Law (3)
Competition Policy (4)
Corporate Governance (1)
Corporate Responsibility (1)
(-) Creative Industries (4)
Development Finance (1)
Development Strategies (1)
Digital Divide (16)
(-) Economic Diversification (3)
(-) Enterprise Development (7)
Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (16)
Goal 12 Responsible Consumption and Production (1)
Information Economy (1)
Intellectual Property (IP) Rights (1)
International Investment Agreements (1)
(-) Investment (10)
Investment Policy (1)
Investor-state Disputes (1)
Non-tariff measures (2)
Port Management (11)
Science and Technology Policy (4)
South-South Investment (1)
South-South Trade (1)
Special Economic Zones (1)
Trade Analysis (15)
Trade and Gender (11)
Trade Facilitation (11)
Trade Logistics (11)
Trade Promotion (1)
Transport Policy and Legislation (1)


This volume presents the Armenian Evangelical Movement and contains lectures and theological, philosophical, ecclesiastical and doctrinal articles by Rev. Barkev Darakjain. This volume is neither an ordinary collection of sermons nor pure theoretical deliberations. It helps to find answers to questions related to today's life.


Buon Anno Nuovo from Italpinas!
Wishing you a 2015 full of abundance, prosperity and good cheer! May the new year take you to new heights and bless you with success and happiness.
Buon Anno Nuovo from your Italpinas family.


Audio and visuals, the collaboration between these two elements creates an overwhelming artistic experience for musicians and the audience.
The innovative s VJ software (Win/Mac), "motion dive .tokyo" by Digitalstage, and EDIROL/Roland join forces to offer an intuitive and powerful package for artists. This package (Model Code: MD-P1-S) includes the motion dive software and a sleek console unit for intense live performance. Achieve complete music integration by connecting EDIROL/Roland V-LINK compatible instruments.
From its first appearance in Japan in 1998, the software "motion dive" has played an important role to spread the hybrid culture of motion graphics and music across the globe. Like DJs mix their music and cultivated a new music generation in the past, "motion dive" has been opening a new door to the VJ scene for a new VJ visual generation.
Now "motion dive. tokyo" new release is ready.
This software gives you a major function that mixes the 2 visuals into 1 visual for your live visual performance. You can add visual effetcs and texts as you need. Also, you can easily organize the video files and send the video source diretcly from your computer.
It gives you functions for the video mix.
"AB switch" button allows you to mix and switch the visuals between channel A and B.
You can manually or automatically cross-fade between the channels.
2 visuals are set for ready on the 2 active windows on the each channel.
While "TAP" button next to the "AB SWITCH" is on, you can click 2 times on the "AB switch" by any length of the time, then the visuals keep being switched between A and B.
Once music BPM is set by "BPM" on the upper left side, you can synchronize the length of the visual by pressing the "BPM SYNC" button.
You can suddenly fade out the visual on the main active screen by pressing the "breakdown" button.
The visual is restarted from the scratch by the "SCRATCH" button.
You can adjust the length and the start/end points of the visual.
You can enlarge the visual into full screen.
TUNE is a plug-in system for "motion dive .tokyo". 6 TUNE are ready to use from the original package. There are many of various TUNEs which are lined up to be released.
You can load all kinds of files into motion dive.
"motion dive .tokyo" is compatible to the industry standard formats, Quicktime movie files, all the digital camera pictures, and Adobe Photoshop still picture files as well as macromedia Flash MX (Action Script capability).
It allows you to make your own visual library too.
Theoretically speaking, motion dive is compatible to any resolution of the visual.
It depends on the power of the computer.
If your computer is able to provide you a dual display, you can projetc the visuals diretcly from the computer to output devices (TV, projetcor, etc.) by maintaining preview interface on your computer monitor. It's active once you just drag the main visual window onto the 2nd monitor.
You can lively record the visuals in the "motion dive .tokyo" onto DVD, VCR or HD recorder by using this dual output system.


For The New Paper New Face 2011 alumna Jayley Woo, the local modelling competition will always have a "special place" in her heart.
Within a year, she was scouted by Mediacorp and groomed as a rising star, appearing in more than 15 dramas and winning Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes awards at the Star Awards in 2016 and last year.
The 26-year-old actress told The New Paper: "It is so hard to imagine what my life would be without New Face, and even after all these years, I am thankful. If I did not get picked to be a finalist, I wouldn't be where I am today and I would probably have continued being a blogger, or what they term an influencer."
The finale of this year's New Face is on Nov 15.
Beauty-wise, Woo is coming back full circle, as she is sporting her signature pixie cut that originated during the contest.
She said: "New Face actually gave me the courage to cut my hair short because this hairstyle has taken me places. I've actually gone even shorter.
"My two cents for this year's (Top 15) finalists, if they have to go through a drastic hair transformation like I did, is to just follow the advice of the professionals. They have been in this industry for a long time to know what will work or not.
"Hair grows out anyway, and before I got my haircut, I never knew I could pull it off."
In July, she left Mediacorp as a full-time artist but is still taking on ad hoc projects with the broadcaster. She did this so she could have "more flexibility to do different things", such as taking up acting and dance classes and releasing songs.
Woo is a freelancer and not represented by an agency now.
She has been busy with back-to-back shoots for two projects in which she is the lead: 150-episode Channel 8 drama Jalan Jalan (debuting on Oct 30 at 7.30pm) and Toggle series Glitch (premiering next month).
Pre-New Face, Woo sported pink and purple hair and admitted her personal style was more "outlandish".
She said: "Looking back, I feel like I looked a bit 'ah lian'. How it has changed is that I am all for comfort, being simple and keeping a natural look now."
However, the roles she plays influence her style "quite a bit".
Said Woo: "For example, the nail colours I'm wearing now are inspired by M&Ms and are too colourful for my liking.
"But my character (in Jalan Jalan) is loud-mouthed and energetic. So when I went to get a manicure, I told the nail artist to give me a design that reminds her of colour and food."
Woo accessorised this grey long-sleeved tracksuit from Converse with a silver fanny pack from Miu Miu (which she received at an event), Celine sunglasses (a gift from a friend) and black sneakers from Converse.
She said: "I hardly spend on designer goods, and if I do, they are for friends and family. I would rather spend (my money) on priceless experiences like travel and food and to pamper my parents. But I purchase luxury perfumes as memorabilia because the scent brings me back to the places I've been. My favourite is the fragrance Chance from Chanel. It's the only Chanel item I own."
This outfit never fails to take her down memory lane, to when she first travelled to Seoul two years ago with her twin sister, local actress Hayley Woo, to train for musical productionChef: Bibimbap vs Chilli Crab, which was held at Resorts World Sentosa.
The black jeans are from H&M and high-tops from Converse.
She said: "My favourite colour is blue and putting this together brings me back.
"I bought this top in Korea, where Hayley and I had our first overseas work trip. The musical was a challenge for us because we were surrounded by people who were many years our senior and we felt pressured as newbies. But it is one of the biggest and most memorable projects I have done since New Face."
When channelling this sartorial side of herself, Woo sticks to the colour palette in her comfort zone, like blacks, greys and blues".
This quirky, slouchy grey checked get-up, paired with Kate Spade sunglasses and white Converse sneakers, was bought in Taipei during a shopping spree with her sister.
She said: "I would wear this outfit for an event but I usually have a stylist to pick the clothes for me. If I were to style myself, I would choose this because it is so comfortable."
When out on a date, Woo opts for simplicity and comfort, because "if you don't feel comfortable, you won't feel happy".
The black velvet dress is from Thailand-based fashion brand Pomelo, the ankle-strap platform heels from British footwear brand Public Desire and clutch from Kate Spade.
When it comes to her hairstyle, Woo prefers to wear her short hair neat and tucked behind her ears.
She said: "I only wear (bright) colours for special occasions like Chinese New Year. Even the heels are comfortable to walk in because they are chunky, and I keep my accessories minimal."


1. Open the Keil IDE by clicking on its icon on the desktop.
2. Choose New uVision Project from the Project menu.
3.Create a new folder and Name it OurFirstProject. Type the name ourFirstProject for the project and click Save.
5.Click the No button to add the startup file to the project.
8.Name the file as program.asm and save it in the OurFirstProject directory.
a. Right click on Source Group 1 and choose Add Files to Group.


text:
By David Browne
If one were to judge by the single "Whenever, Wherever," with its shameless Latin-pop hook and equally shameless writhing-in-mud video, you'd think this Colombian pop star would be a fireball, a distaff Ricky Martin. You'd be mistaken. Shakira's first English-language album is the ultimate in crossover nightmares. Its wan ska-pop, faux-country ballads, and generic rock barely betray a Spanish accent or any musical heritage. (She can't decide if she wants to sound like Alanis or Shania.) It's enough to incite another anti-WTO rally.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: File blocks when i get assembly version I have updater for my app. When i check for updates, i compare server version with local Assembly version of main .exe file of application. When from updater(updater is another .exe file) i get assembly version of my main .exe file of application, this file is blocked.. How i can get assembly version of my project without blocking for rewriting? Keep version of assembly in XML file is not good idea.
Thanks

A: A quick (and dirty) way would be to copy the main exe to a temporary file and load it from there.
A more elegant solution would be to create a separate AppDomain and load the main exe there. Since you're only after the version, it should be fairly straightforward to get the data over the bridge between the app domains. The app domain could then be unloaded once you have the version.
I'm assuming you are loading the assembly to check the version.

A: You just need the AssemblyName to get the version :
AssemblyName.GetAssemblyName(filename);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Debugger Visualizer [Visual Studio 2010] - System.Linq.Expressions.Expression - not showing magnifying glass I have been trying to build a debugger visualizer for a linq Expression.
I know one exists already, but I would like to create my own and add additional functionality.
I made this quick prototype.
The magnifying glass will not show up; however, if I change the one line of code to "Target = typeof(System.String)", the magnifying glass shows up.
Any help would be appreciated.
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.DebuggerVisualizers;

[assembly: System.Diagnostics.DebuggerVisualizer(
    typeof(VisualizerPrototype.MyDebuggerVisualizer),
    typeof(VisualizerPrototype.MyDebuggerVisualizerObjectSource),
    Target = typeof(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression),
    Description = "My Debugger Visualizer")]
namespace VisualizerPrototype
{
    public class MyDebuggerVisualizer : DialogDebuggerVisualizer
    {
        protected override void Show(IDialogVisualizerService windowService, IVisualizerObjectProvider objectProvider)
        {
            var text = string.Empty;
            using (var sr = new StreamReader(objectProvider.GetData()))
            {
                text = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }

            MessageBox.Show(text);
        }
    }

    public class MyDebuggerVisualizerObjectSource : VisualizerObjectSource
    {
        public override void GetData(object target, System.IO.Stream outgoingData)
        {
            var sw = new StreamWriter(outgoingData);
            sw.WriteLine("YO");
            sw.Flush();
        }
    }
}

A: For anybody reading this in the future, I discovered the source of my problem.
The target type for a debugger visualizer must be the runtime type and not an inherited type.
Target = typeof(System.Linq.Expressions.ConstantExpression)
Expression expr = Expression.Constant(1); //visualizer shows up

Target = typeof(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression)
Expression expr = Expression.Constant(1); //visualizer doesn't show up

A: Try this one for VB:
Target = GetType(Expression(Of ))

Or this one for C#:
Target = typeof(Expression<>)


Social networking has evolved so much that being social is very necessary in today's world . Social networking websites just don't help you to be in touch with your friends and relatives but also it helps a person to experience different human minds , it's nature , talents and many more .
When it comes to the term "Social Networking" , most of you must be thinking about Facebook/Twitter right now . How did i read your mind ? It's obvious because Facebook/Twitter brought the meaning of Social Networking come alive with simple yet powerful ideas.It helped people to gain experience about varieties of mind remotely.
However the term " Social Networking " also faces many types of criticism,like it's a waste of time or it hampers a religions' thoughts etc etc … This article will never end if we discuss about advantages and disadvantages of " Social Networking ",so we should get back to the main topic .
There are still some people who want to set their mark like Facebook and Twitter , and we are going to talk about some emerging Social Networking Websites.
Pheed is a new kind of social networking site that is attracting numerous users from other platforms. Pheed users share text updates, photos, videos and live broadcasts. Users can monetize their Pheeds by charging subscription fees (between $1.99 and $34.99) or offering pay-per-view broadcasts.
That generally means Pheed could become an additional revenue stream for your business , if anyone has high-value content which can get millions of hits.
Pheed is a social networking service that competes with Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and related sites.Aimed at a younger audience than Facebook's demographic.
This Social Networking Website is a crowd sourcing platform where users can gather dozens to thousands of opinions from other users on everything from what shirt to wear with those boots to whether they'd buy a new tech gadget that's currently in the design phase, Thumb.it has huge potential for small businesses. From engaging interest in a new product or service to get feedback on marketing collateral, Thumb.it is a platform with a multitude of users.
A few years ago Thumb.it was incubated with the goal of helping people get instant opinions while shopping. After launching the concept in 2010, we were surprised to find that people wanted to use the Thumb to get and give feedback in virtually every area of life (music, artwork, shopping, hairstyles, relationships, movies, food, etc.). When combining the breadth and speed of these shared opinions, tons of simultaneous conversations were sparked around things that mattered. And just as quickly, those conversations turned into meaningful connections between like-minded individuals.
Today, Thumb is a place where you'll discover interesting things and people via an insanely engaging and instantaneous experience.
If you aren't yet a member,go join it !
Sulia is a topic-based social network that connects you to the top social sources on subjects you care about.
We all have interests that we're extremely passionate about. Whether it's our family, a sports team, breaking news, Hollywood gossip, a hobby, a career or a political issue, we obsess over our interests everyday.
However, with an endless number of sources talking about an endless number of topics, it's nearly impossible to find the best sources to follow across your interests. And, even if you were able to identify the top sources, sifting through all of their content is maddeningly time consuming.
People use Sulia everyday to discover new sources and engage with their interests.
So now you got to know about three top emerging social networking sites .
Do tell us in the comments section that do you really feel these three will set their mark in Today's world like Facebook ? ?
itz a very good information about the social networking sites …hope that it will help in the SOLOMO part of the tcs it wiz-2014 !!!!!!!!!


Acura Certified! V6, Navigation, AWD and Winters here! Blind spot indicators, Low Miles, Great Financing Available! 15 others to choose from! Great financing and extended warranties available. We have been NJ's #1 Certified Acura dealership since 2003 and have been nationally ranked as a TOP TEN certified center since 2004! We don't play games like our competitors and add on Certification fees and BS charges. What you see is what you pay, nice and easy-how buying a car should be! All transactions subject to $469 Documentation fee.


Do you want a career in property management, but don't know where to begin? Property management is one of the most challenging, yet rewarding professions. It requires you to wear many hats and perform a lot of different services to enhance a property's value and quality of life for their residents. When hiring new property managers, most property management companies will look for a wide variety of skills. Of course, every company is different. For example, E&S Ring is unique because we train all of our property managers so they are fully in tune with our unique market as well as our corporate culture, communities and standards of service. That said, there is a common set of skills that many of us look for when hiring property managers. Let's review.
Improving your knowledge through education could increase your chances of getting a job with a property management company. Some companies prefer applicants with a college degree in business, accounting or real estate. Others simply like you to have a CPM (Certified Property Manager), CAM (Certified Apartment Manager) or an ARM (Accredited Residential Manager) certification. The California Apartment Association (CAA) offers its own version: the California Certified Residential Manager program. Many California employers give serious consideration to professionals who have obtained this real estate designation. For many professionals just starting out in property management, the CCRM designation is a signal to potential employers that you are a pre-trained professional in the field. (If you're not sure if the certificate is for you, you can always take single CAA webinar courses covering a wide range of topics, including maintenance management and compliance with California's ever-changing Fair Housing laws.) With these types of certificates and degrees, property management companies can be sure that candidates have learned the skills required in this business.
Education is important, but sometimes it's not enough. If a problem arises with a resident, for example, a property manager will often need to draw on his or her past experience, to calm a situation. Experience preferences vary from company to company, but generally, companies like to see a minimum of two years of previous experience for a property manager. If you're a fresh graduate, don't fret though — many companies offer entry level positions such as leasing consultant, resident services specialist, or customer service representative so you can get your feet wet. Just remember: sometimes the most important quality is the desire to succeed!
As a property manager, this is one of the most important skill to possess. At E&S Ring, we particularly place a premium on customer service. In fact, we often recruit leasing and management staff from the hotel, retail, and restaurant industries because we know that they are coming to us with a foundational understanding of customer-based service. Most successful property managers tend to be friendly, understanding, empathic and capable of establishing good relationships with property owners and residents. Good property managers are also responsive, proactive and accountable — which just so happens to be one of our company values! Oh, and don't forget the importance of flexibility (another one of our core values). Property managers often need to react quickly to residents' needs and fix problems. And if they can do it with a smile on their face? Even better!
Customer service leads us to another important skill — communication. Often times, a property manager's job requires him or her to act as a middleman or go-between to property owners, existing residents and/or potential residents. That's why it's so important to finesse your oral and written communication skills.
Being a good property manager requires a great deal of organization. You want to make sure property owners and residents are satisfied at all times, as well as ensure that the property under your care is always in good condition. To perform these tasks effectively requires a great deal of organization!
Budgeting is another key skill. When you look at the life cycle of a resident, you must understand all of items that impact their life in their home. It starts with appropriate budgeting and implementing property strategies, to the screening of residents and dealing with conflict both among residents and between the resident and management and finally working effectively with residents who have decided that it is time for them to find another home.
How do you prepare a rental property for leasing before the first applicant arrives? How do you set competitive rents and advertising? What about enhancing curb appeal or staging to appeal to your local demographics? Which websites or syndication sites should you use to list vacant units? As a property manager, it is important to have a basic understanding of marketing strategies and techniques.
One of E&S Ring's core values is integrity — and we truly believe in it! For a property manager, honesty, transparency and reliability are the best policies. After all, property owners and large property management companies need to be able to entrust their properties to the manager! And likewise, residents need to be able to trust that their property manager is telling the truth. Beyond that, many industry organizations, like CAA and WMFHA (Washington Multi Family Housing Association), promote ethics and standards of good practice for property managers. You'll need to know how ethics affect the industry, ethics in day-to-day management and how to handle ethical challenges.
This list of skills is not a complete list, by any means. We do hope, however, that it gives you a clearer picture of what most companies look for when hiring a property manager. If you are interested in pursuing a career in Property Management at E&S Ring, please check out our current openings.


text:
Solution Exchange Consolidated Reply: Flood induced water conflicts - Experiences
Posted By : Amita Bhaduri
A consolidated reply of experiences and examples shared by various members of the Solution Exchange Water Community
Compiled by Nitya Jacob and G. Padmanabhan, Resource Person and Nupur Arora, Research Associate
Issue Date: 30 September 2008
From K. J. Joy, Suhas Paranjape and Shruti Vispute, Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India, Pune
We work with the Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management ( SOPPECOM ). We have been part of the Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India which is a collaborative initiative of many institutions/organizations – both academic and civil society – and individuals. The Forum has documented conflicts and published these in the form of a book "Water Conflicts in India : A Million Revolts in the Making" (more details about the forum are available at http://conflicts.indiawaterportal.org).
The current floods in Bihar have seen conflicts over scarce resources at many levels, including between India and Nepal . This is not the first time floods have provoked conflicts (more details are available at http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/resource/res15090801.doc (doc, Size: 33 KB).
The issues of conflicts and floods have been discussed earlier on the Water Community. Members responded very enthusiastically to a recent query concerning the floods in Bihar, dealing with water purification techniques and the Bihar floods. The consolidated reply is available at http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/drm/cr/cr-se-drm-wes-01090801-fullcr.pdf (PDF, Size: 367 KB). In 2005, a query on water conflicts between rural and urban areas and competing water claims and conflicts also drew a good response. The Consolidated Reply is available at http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr/cr-se-wes-global-18120501.htm.
We request members to share their experiences and insights on the issue of conflicts around floods, specifically on:
In what are the cases have floods provoked conflicts. Please give details of the location, the reasons (including the very simple, obvious, proximate to more complex and long term reasons), conflicting parties, issues at stake, what has been done to mitigate, present status, etc.?
What is the definition of "stakeholders" in each conflict situation, including the specific roles for each?
We would also like members to share cases of successful resolution or mitigation of conflicts, so we can use them as lessons to incorporate as part of the wider strategy for resolution and prevention.
Responses were received, with thanks, from
1. Himanshu Thakkar, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi
2. Prashant Hedao, L'avenird'Auroville (Auroville Planning and Development Group), Auroville
3. Nitya Jacob, The United Nations Children's Fund, New Delhi
4. B. L. Kaul, Society for Popularization of Science and Progressive Educational Society, Jammu
5. N. Sashikumar, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore
6. Abhishek Mendiratta, Consultant, New Delhi
7. Asha Ramesh, Wateraid, New Delhi
8. B. S. Bhavanishankar, Sahayoga, Bangalore
9. Sudhirendra Sharma, The Ecological Foundation, New Delhi
10. Praveen Srivastava Tranzlease, Pune
11. Binayak Das, Arghyam, Bangalore
12. Shalini Jain, SEEDS, New Delhi
13. Pranab R. Choudhury, Independent, Bhubaneswar
14. Benita Sarah Mathew, Social Performance Management Unit (Research), ESAF, Kerala
15. Neelima Garg, UttarakhandJalSansthan, Dehradun
Summary of Responses
The query evoked insightful responses from members on the conflicts arising because of the current floods in Bihar. Discussing the issue in depth, respondents looked at the causes of water conflicts and offered suggestions for long-term measures to prevent them.
Discussants stated that the current floods are due to poor maintenance of the Kosi River's upstream embankments in Nepal, which is the Ganga Flood Control Commission's responsibility. The floods have seen conflicts, between the affected communities and authorities, between those living inside and outside the embankments, and between those who have received food aid and those who have not.
Members pointed out there are around 1.5 million people living within the embankments of the river, who face floods annually. This year the river burst its banks and the waters inundated land outside the embankments, affecting around 3 million people. While the current floods have underscored the tensions between the two groups, respondents noted there have been fights over the embankments since 1963, when the authorities built the embankment.
Discussing the flood situation in Orissa, members said people in the state cope with annual floods and highlighted that embankments, dam and reservoir operations, draining congestion and silting of riverbeds are major causes of the annual floods. These problems pit flood-affected people against the government, and the people living in the upper catchment areas against those downstream, and both groups dealing corruption within the system. Additionally, there are often fights between neighbouring villagers over breaches in the embankments.
Citing the situation in Surat, Gujarat in 2006 and similar cases where floods occurred because of excessive water discharge from dams or upstream watershed projects, members explained that while these interventions are meant to resolve or reduce conflicts, they seldom take into the account the root cause of the conflict.
Similarly, floods have triggered inter-state conflicts, such as those between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, and Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh who blame Maharashtra for uncontrolled flooding. Therefore, discussants urged the government to identify causes, diagnose the dynamics and assign responsibility during discussions intended to build 'hydro-solidarity' between states.
In the current case of Bihar, members mentioned that how flood-affected communities clashed with the Railway Protection Force as they were trying to dig up the railway tracks to drain floodwaters. At the international level, India is blaming Nepal for not allowing it to repair the embankments, while Nepal has stated the Indo-Nepal treaty of 1954 is a 'historical blunder,' and both countries have accused each other of laxity in maintaining the embankments. India wants to construct dams in Nepal to control the flooding from the Kosi and other rivers, but Nepal short of agricultural land oppose this idea.
Respondents highlighted that the situation in Bihar is not unique; floods on the Indian sub-continent have also led to conflicts with other countries. For example, Bangladesh holds India responsible for recurrent floods, as it does not control the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.
Looking at the issue of stakeholders, discussants identified various categories. In the Bihar case, they classified stakeholders into two levels 1) the household (micro) level and 2) the macro (state) level. Water users such as women, farmers, panchayats, and district-level local government bodies are one set of stakeholders. Flood control departments, the Railway Protection Force, and local, state and national governments are another set.
Given that the existing floods and conflicts are due to the failure of the embankments, members suggested specific roles for each group. Governments at the national and state level need to review the policy on construction of embankments as a flood control measure.
In addition, members made several suggestions, which could be incorporated as part of a wider strategy for resolution and prevention of conflicts. They recommended identifying the causes of conflict and then seeking to address them. In the case of the Kosi River, institutions need to be held responsible for the current state of affairs, before implementing any new approach.
Respondents also felt that flood control and flood-management efforts often generate conflicts, rather than the floods themselves, and thus suggested a phased programme to dismantle the embankments as a long-term solution to the floods and the conflicts between different stakeholders and the authorities. In the current context, members suggested the authorities work on protecting embankments and paying compensation to those affected.
Another idea mentioned was to adopt a strategy called 'room for the river,' which is used in Europe to prevent conflicts between stakeholder on the rivers Rhine and Meuse.
Discussants also stressed women, being the most vulnerable in any conflict situation, have to be part of any flood/conflict resolution mechanism. This will help in providing a wider platform for preparedness and redevelopment. Moreover, they highlighted the need for better understanding between India, Nepal, Bangladesh and China to stave off emerging conflicts over river management.
Finally, members discussed the history of embankments in India. They pointed out the British did not construct embankments on the Kosi River because they realized it would result in rapid siltation of the riverbed, necessitating higher embankments (to which there is a limit). Looking at the possibility of destroying the embankments, respondents said there is a precedence of embankment demolition in India. For example, in 1869 the British demolished the embankments on the river Damodar built in 1854, because the embankments were submerging fertile lands and in 1896 the first-ever compensation of Rs 60,000 on account of submergence due to embankment failure was given to a farmer Burdwan district of West Bengal.
Comparative Experiences
2008 Floods Generate Conflicts, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Puri
Orissa is facing its worst floods since 2001 in four coastal districts, because of excessive discharge from the Hirakud dam on the Mahanadi river. The flooding has highlighted the tension between the local communities in these districts and the authorities. The state government's Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force and the district administration have rescued people stranded by the floods, and are working on mitigating the effects of the floods and the resulting tensions.
Promote Action Saved Lives During 2006 Floods, Surat
In 2006, heavy water releases from the Ukai dam on the river Tapti, resulted in major flooding. The state government reacted promptly and was able to rescue people from the floods, by calling in the army for assistance. As a result, the state government, along with the district administration were able to evacuate more than 30,000 people from the city's low-lying areas.
Recommendations on How to Prevent Flooding in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghana Basin, Kolkata
During the August 2008 workshop on "Flood Study in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghana Basin in India," recommendations were made. Specifically, participants advised the Indian government engage in long term planning with regards to the Basin to prevent flooding and water conflicts. They identifyied the root causes that need to be discussed in the future to refine the exact plans. As a next step, they suggested donors support Nepal, India and Bangladesh in the implementation of their vairous plans.
Recommended Documentation
Kosi's Tragedy: Blunder after Blunder
Article; by Himanshu Thakkar; South Asia Networks on Dams, Rivers and People; 1 September 2008
Available at http://www.rediff.com///news/2008/sep/01guest.htm
Talks how Kosi flood is a completely was entirely due to neglect of the embankment on Nepal side and the confusion on who's responsibility was it to maintain the dam
Trapped! Between the Devil and Deep Waters: The Story of Bihar's Kosi River
Book; by Dr. D. K. Mishra; South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People and Peoples Science Institute; New Delhi; 2008
For copies send a Cheque (only in New Delhi) or Demand Draft in favour of "Dams, Rivers and People payable at Delhi to SANDRP," c/o 86-D, AD Block, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi 110088; Tel: 91-11-2748 4655; ht.sandrp@gmail.com
Book explores the issue of water conflicts that have arisen due to the Kosi river flood in Bihar.
Dui Paatan Ke Beech Mein (Between The Devil and The Deep River)
Documentary Film; by Arvind Sinha; 1997 (in Hindi)
Available at http://www.cmsindia.org/vatavaran/the_festival/water/11.htm
Sixty-five minute film shot in northern Bihar that looks at the development project have destroyed the livelihoods of people and also explores the problem recurrent floods
A Workshop on "Flood Study in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghana Basin"
Report; CEMPD, Kolkata and Sahayoga, Bangalore; 2008
Available at http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr/res16090802.doc (Doc Size: 87 KB)
Proceedings of a workshop on the issue of international conflicts over floods, discusses at length what causes conflicts due to floods, like the in the case of the Kosi river flood in Bihar
India Water Partnership- Study on Floods in India
Report; by Mr. B. Bhavanishankar; Sahayoga; Bangalore; July 2008
Available at http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr/res16090801.doc (Doc Size: Size: 90 KB)
Discusses how to support the management of recurrent floods in Nepal, Bhutan, India and Bangladesh, and looks at the current flood situation and suggests solutions for India
Recommended Organizations and Programmes
Sahayoga, Bangalore
5th Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560041 Karnataka; Tel: 91-80-6636616;
http://www.angelfire.com/ak/sahayoga
Works on issues relating to international conflicts over water, which stem from floods, and in August 2008 conducted a workshop on water conflicts.
Ganga Flood Control Commission, Patna
Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, 3rd Floor, SinchaiBhawan, Patna, Bihar; Tel: 0612-2233591; Fax: 0612-2217294/084
Subordinate office of Ministry of Water Resources, deals with floods and its management in Ganga Basin States
Responses in Full
Himanshu Thakkar, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi
The first thing about Kosi floods is that it is a completely man made flood, entirely due to the neglect of the embankment on Kosi in Nepal . It was Government of India's responsibility to maintain this embankment as per the Indo Nepal Kosi Treaty of 1954.
Unfortunately, there is even now there is no process in place to identify those responsible for the unprecedented man made flood disaster. As it happened in case of the Ukai floods of 2006, and numerous others, we may never know who are responsible for these man made disasters. An article on this issue can be found at: http://www.sandrp.in/floods/Kosi_Tragedy-Blunder_after_Blunder-Sept2008.pdf
We should not lose focus on this issue of holding the responsible people accountable, while we discuss the conflicts around this.
Incidentally, a very good book on Kosi floods by possibly the most knowledgeable person on this issue, Dr Dinesh Kumar Mishra has just been published. See the details at: http://www.sandrp.in/floods/Trapped_Between_the_Devil_and_Deep_Waters.pdf
Prashant Hedao, L'avenird'Auroville (Auroville Planning and Development Group), Auroville
I also saw a movie "Dui PaatanKe Beech Mein" sometime last year, which clearly shows what Himanshu has mentioned. It is worth seeing if you want a deeper understanding of the floods in northern Bihar.
Nitya Jacob, The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New Delhi (response 1)
The film Prashant mentions was shown at the Vatavaran 2003 film festival in Delhi and has been made by documentary filmmaker ArvindSinha. Shot extensively in North Bihar, this film looks at the development models chosen and implemented, often by force, that have destroyed the livelihood of millions of people. Over the years, with each consequent flood, people developed their own coping mechanisms, which soon became integral to their culture. Man-made floods and water logging over vast agriculture land has pauperized the people of Bihar . All this has been done to "protect people from floods". You can find out more at this http://www.cmsindia.org/vatavaran/the_festival/water/11.htm.
B. L. Kaul, Society for Popularization of Science and Progressive Educational Society, Jammu
Himanshu Thakkar has rightly pointed out there is more an urgent need for better accountability among the legislature and the executive arms of state. This will help to stave off disasters such as the Kosi floods and even the bomb blasts in various towns. We need to search our hearts and think about it more seriously.
N. Sashikumar, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore
Can you please explain the following statement?
"The floods in Bihar have led to clashes between different stakeholders and those affected."
Can you be more specific? What clashes have happened because of floods and between whom? As I understand its people who are left to suffer because of a lack of response from the authorities.
Abhishek Mendiratta, Consultant, New Delhi
Conflict is a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affects something that the first party cares about. The conflicts are caused by the scarcity of a resource — say, money, food items, shelter or water at the time of floods.
The dimensions of conflicts are:
Cooperativeness: the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns at the time of flood
Assertiveness: the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns
Specific Intentions of conflicting parties
Competing: A desire to satisfy one's interests, regardless of the impact on the other parties.
Collaborating: A situation where the parties to a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the concerns of all parties
Avoiding: The desire to withdraw from or suppress a conflict.
Accommodating: the willingness of one party in a conflict to place the opponent's interests above his or her own
Compromising: A situation in which each party to a conflict is willing to give up something
Conflict Resolution Techniques
Face-to-face meeting of the conflicting parties for the purpose of identifying the problem and resolving it through open discussion.
Superordinate goals
Creating a shared goal that cannot be attained without the cooperation of each of the conflicting parties.
Expansion of resources
When a conflict is caused by the scarcity of a resource—say, money, food or shelter —expansion of the resource can create a win-win solution.
Withdrawal from, or suppression of, the conflict.
Playing down differences while emphasizing common interests between the conflicting parties.
Each party to the conflict gives up something of value.
Authoritative command
Management uses its formal authority to resolve the conflict and then communicates its desires to the parties involved.
Altering the human variable
Using behavioural change techniques such as human relations training to alter attitudes and behaviours that cause conflict.
A process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree upon the exchange rate for them
If one or more techniques are applied the prevailing conflicts can be resolved.
Asha Ramesh, Wateraid, New Delhi
The issue under discussion is indeed pertinent and timely with the Bihar floods as the talking point.
Water conflicts as I see it are at different levels;
Macro and Micro
At the macro level, there is the whole issue of river water linkage and so on.
At the micro level, it is largely on issues related to day to day life. Here I find that we need to discuss and bring to fore the whole aspect of social exclusion and gender discrimination vis-à-vis water.
At the village level, a common sight is a fight to collect water and who collects water -WOMEN. They are hardly considered as useful members to discuss while designing or identifying points to provide access to water.
At the micro-level efforts to ensure, water for all is still a long way off. Where are water points located, often in the gallies of the dominant caste. This leads to conflict as water is something that all people need, yet there is such discrimination and ownership of water resources by the powerful.
I also feel while we are addressing issues around water conflict. While it is important to identify the causes that lead to the conflict, equally important is the need to evolve conflict-resolving mechanism. Strategies/interventions to conserve water so that availability and access is made easier, as a result of which the conflicts get reduced.
At the macro level, it is much more technical and requires a lot of thought. Immediate to my mind comes the fact of rivers being sold off to large multinationals. Vast areas where indiscriminate ground water tapping is done for commercial purposes. The big farmers-kulaks who are digging countless bore well and directing all available water into their fields, resulting in water scarcity for the poor and marginal farmers, who then give up, sell their land and migrate into urban areas. This is the reality in the rural parts of the country.
These are some of the points that I have just quickly put down for you and I hope it will be of use in taking the discussion forward.
B. S. Bhavanishankar, Sahayoga, Bangalore
There is a conflict among the people who live within the Kosi valley bounded by the flood embankments and those who live outside as they get flooded from the catchment flows outside the embankments that prevent drainage. This has been the experience over several years since the embankments and the Kosi barrage in Nepal for protecting meandering rivers like Kosi were wrongly conceived and constructed. The combination has resulted in the breach that has caused untold and yet–to-be determined misery, damage to property, crops, and unknown loss of lives. The breach would have occurred, if not on 18 August, on a much bigger scale at some in the future.
Then there is conflict between government bureaucrats at all levels and the people who are affected by their unrealistic plans and implementation through the engineers. The flood has also seen conflict between politicians trading charges about the calamity.
On the issue of international conflicts over floods, Sahayoga conducted a workshop in Kolkata on 30 August. This is the first of a series of workshops on floods. Similar workshops are to be held in both Nepal and Bangladesh shortly. Following these, we will be organizing a seminar for participants from all the three countries in Dhaka to remove the mistrust and conflicts already existing between the three countries. Bangladesh feels India , being a bigger country, is like a bully and does not control floods that cause misery, loss of crops and lives on a huge scale. Likewise, India feels that Nepal does not allow it to build dams in that country to control the floods. Nepal in turn says these dams will submerge its precious land and generate hydroelectric power, mostly for its own benefits. To read the proceedings of the Workshop on flood study please click http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr/res16090802.doc(Size: 97 KB) and to read the Flood Study Report click http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr/res16090801.doc (Size: 72 KB)
Thus, there is a great mistrust among all the three. And again, all three have a grouse against China , that it is likely to divert the Brahmaputra and dry up the flows in India and Bangladesh . There are conflicts amongst all the four countries. The workshop in Kolkata is the first of many steps to evolve an understanding among the countries. Later, it is proposed to include China as Brahmaputra is involved. This effort is being supported by the Regional Water Partnership in which all the South Asian countries are partners, and the India Water Partnership.
Again within each country there are regional and state-level conflicts on floods. Tamil Nadu feels that Karnataka sends floods down without controlling its dams. Likewise Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have complaints against Maharashtra.
Sudhirendra Sharma, The Ecological Foundation, New Delhi
The Fact Finding Mission Report "Kosi Deluge: The Worst is Still to Come", in March 2007 asserts that embankments are the root cause of the present crises. It seeks firm policy decisions to remedy the situation. Though considered unlawful, trapped communities have time and again engaged in creating artificial breaches for draining their accumulated water from their surroundings. The general perception favours removal of embankments provided the act of demolishing does not create undesired conditions.
There is a precedence of embankment demolition in India. The embankments created along a length of 32 kilometers on river Damodar in 1854 were demolished in the year 1869. The British had soon realized that far from controlling floods, the embankments were submerging fertile lands for which the colonial rulers were forced to provide compensation. The first-ever compensation of Rs 60,000 on account of submergence due to embankment failure was given to a farmer in 1896 in then Bardwan district.
After their failure to tame rivers Rhine and Meuse, the Dutch hydrocracy has now adopted spatial flood protection measures called `room for the river'. The new approach not only warrants informed public debate but is based on broad political support. It is measures like these that need to be discussed and negotiated with communities in north Bihar, but not before the political stables in Patna (and in Delhi) get cleansed of their misconceptions!
The report's co-author Gopal Krishna feels unless the erring officials and institutions are held accountable, not only will the past be repeated but fresh approaches and strategies would be hard to implement. It is clear from the origin, functions and constitution of the institutions dealing with water resources. They are all structured for planning, design and implementation of large projects but instead need to be participation oriented and open bodies. Therefore, a complete overhaul of the existing institutions is a dire necessity.
Do floods generate/create conflicts? On the contrary, flood control and (mis)management trigger conflicts. Take the case of the Kosiriver, had there not been the embankments along the river course (over 135 km length) society would not have been divided. There are villages trapped inside the embankments who often want the river to be liberated of its jackets so that they could live unharmed. And, there are those outside the embankments on both sides who may want the river to remain jacketed (embanked) such that they may not be inundated. Who divided the community? Who perpetuated flood-relief cycle? Who benefits from the consequences?
Move to Surat and other locations where dam-discharges create floods. Even the watershed projects induce upstream-downstream conflicts. I would imagine that floods induced by drainage congestion (be it dam, embankments, highways) are at the root of the issue. Ironically, in an effort to focus on `conflict resolution' the root cause of the conflict is rarely taken into consideration. Not without reason had Bosseut said: `we are afflicted by effects but seem to have accepted the causes.' Identifying causes, diagnosing their dynamics and fixing responsibilities should feature prominently in such discussions for building `hydro-solidarities'.
The current floods in Bihar have brought to the surface a simmering conflict between 15 lakh people living inside the embankments of the Kosi River, and the 30 lakh living outside them. Those within are relieved the river burst its embankments so they have been spared the annual floods. On the other hand those outside are furious and allege lack of maintenance and negligence on the part of the Ganga Flood Control Commission, Patna. The Commission oversees the Kosi High Level Committee, which is responsible for ensuring the embankments are repaired.
The divide between those within and without embankments is so sharp, according to Dr. D K Mishra, author of a recent book on the Kosi River, that both sides are planning protest marches on October 18. Those living inside the embankments do not want them repaired to end their annual misery of floods. The other group wants them fixed and strengthened.
Containing the Kosi has been a contentious issue for centuries. The British baulked at the idea realizing the annual floods were 'gentle' and did not cause much damage – there were two disastrous floods in over a century. Rather, these annual inundations enriched the soil of the region, enabling people to grow two crops.
The silt load was considered too high for embankments to be viable as the riverbed would rapidly silt up, raising the level of the river and necessitates higher embankments; there is a height above which embankments become ineffective. The silt load is 92,000 acre feet a year, and causes the river bed to rise around 5 inches a year in the lower reaches of the river.
However, post-Independence, the government of India constructed the current system of embankments between 1955 and 1963. Its reasoning was the river will dredge itself and keep the silt from accumulating, and eventually make channels deep enough so it will not overflow the embankments or threaten them in any way.
Since the embankments were completed in 1963, they have given way eight times with disastrous results. This has also heightened conflict between people and the authorities, as well as between India and Nepal (as has been described by Bhavanishankar).
Experts who have visited the areas feel immediate steps are needed to mitigate the suffering of people followed by a phased plan of deconstruction of embankments so the Kosi River can flow naturally. This would reduce the severity of floods and eliminate the conflicts caused by the embankments between those living within and those without. They state there is a strong case for returning to the earlier state, though the transition is likely to be painful and slow.
Lt. Col. Praveen Srivastava (Retd), Tranzlease, Pune
The policies, reasons and remedies for flood control are already documented and available for study. The problem is in:
its execution
allotment of fund
making a road map for implementation
making people aware of the impending tragedy so that they can save their lives and reach a safe location
plan out to tackle the emergency for e.g.: floods are routine affair in eastern region but what actually has been done except state asking for funds after the catastrophe
As an interim measure, until the projects start the likely affected population must be moved to a safer place before the impending floods irrespective of the fact whether it actually takes place or not.
Water is the elixir of life. So its importance in development and growth of most human civilizations has always been there. Conflicts for controlling water are a historical fact and many wars were fought in the past for control of sources of water like rivers and lakes. Even today, water remains a matter of conflict between many countries.
In our country, unfortunately, we have witnessed conflict between various states on sharing of water. There is also conflict witnessed even at the village level to control water. This is especially true of the states where rice is grown. At night, some people stealthily divert water from a neighbour's plot to their own plot. When this is detected in the morning, a conflict ensues often turning violent.
Human nature being what it is it is the duty of the State to discipline people and teach them how to conserve and share a natural resource like water. In some of the states, where power is supplied free of cost to the farmers, it is painful to see how ground water is exploited mindlessly. The pipes used are oversized and water is allowed to run beyond genuine requirement resulting in lowering of water table.
The discrimination in using well water or tap water for drinking purposes on caste basis is unacceptable. It is the duty of the State to see that such practices are stopped. Conflict resolution so far as distribution of water is concerned is something which needs attention of all-the citizens and the State. It is equally important that potable water should be clean and free from contamination for protecting health of the people both rural and urban.
Binayak Das, Arghyam, Bangalore
There will be people opposed to embankment demolition and they include the majority of the population, employed due to embankment construction. But decisions have to be made. A start is required.
One is the need for a steady campaign against embankments, especially in Bihar among the affected and beneficiary populace including the politicians and bureaucrats. India 's frenzied media should start debating about this. Another is the requirement for a simulation model to understand what will be the impact of embankment demolition. What will get affected (roads, habitations, other infrastructure, etc) after embankments are demolished due to river and flood flows released from trapped embankments?
It should also look at flows at different seasons, taking into account impacts of climate change also. Another study has to look at socio-economic implications of such a move. And a third should plan rehabilitation of affected population and infrastructure due to embankment demolition.
Complete embankment demolition is probably not possible but studies are required. Then solutions like 'room for the river' can be explored. Radical shifts are required or else, the every year flood story will be repeated with greater intensity.
Shalini Jain, SEEDS, New Delhi
Conflict itself is a manmade disaster that precipitates other hazards such as, migration, displacement, loss of human lives, gender imbalances, effect on food water and livelihood security, scarcity and pressure on available resources.
Women are more vulnerable groups in extreme natural events to abuse (injury, death, rape, forced labour) during conflict situation. In normal times, accessing water for fulfilling the basic needs of their family is a backbreaking and difficult task for women and becomes yet more challenging at times of disasters, when the water resources become highly limited, inaccessible and inadequate to fulfill the needs of all. In disaster situations, approach of women to these water points gets more constricted and curtailed because of her low social status. In this fragile environment, where social services degrade or disappear, women are often sexually assaulted and exploited to gain access to scarce resources like water.
The opinions and the interests of women and vulnerable groups should be kept in mind while identifying the points for water. Facilitating a social dialogue within the community could help in sensitization process. Besides, Community based participation by involving both men and women to explain their needs and capacities and involvement of women in decision making while designing programs and their implementation at the grassroots could prove to be vital in resolving conflicts related to water in long term.
Pranab R. Choudhury, Independent, Bhubaneswar
Floods probably present a picture of paradox with reference to the ongoing discourses on water conflicts. Besides being the manifestation of untypical 'water-excess' situations, their relative unpredictability (with respect to magnitude, intensity and stakeholder segregation) and largely seasonal expressions put the flood-conflicts in a different water-conflict bracket, necessitating a different treatment.
While their epidemic like extent and intensity coupled with huge socio-economic impacts make the floods-related conflicts difficult to ignore, study, analysis and resolution of such conflicts continue to remain a big challenge. The key aspects of the conflicts-study-frameworks such as defining and delineating boundaries of the conflict, stakeholders and conflict analysis etc. are very complex in the flood context. Quite often also, these conflicts remain hidden, or get fizzled out with water-receding or struggle to manifest at different levels. Though the debates continue at macro-level, most of the flood related conflicts either manifest at local levels (village, gram panchayat) or remain passive. There have also been local instances where floods have been the outcome of conflict, rather than floods provoking conflict.
Taking the case of Orissa, which has been perennially struggling with floods, and which, quite ironically now is marooned under the worst ever flood in its living memory, let me present some cases of flood related conflicts, especially to bring out some conflict-related issues to forefront.
At the macro-level, Orissa's flood conflicts are quite akin to that of Kosi or other Indian rivers. These discourses embedded in the dams and reservoir operations, embankments (river jacketing/subjugation), drainage congestions and silting up of riverbeds put up squarely the flood-affected/vulnerable (or their protagonists) against Government as the conflicting stakeholders. But at this macro level, there are also some other dimensions to conflicts and stakeholders, which have not been surfaced so far conspicuously, though simmering are there. This is related to the basin level connectedness between the upstream land users with that of deltaic populations.
Highly erosive upper catchments of Orissa's rivers, their typical sudden fall into a very flat delta and the unique confluences, which impede a faster flushing into the sea, make the upper catchment land use also a critical factor contributing to the flood. While the faster and higher runoffs add to more number of peak floods, heavy soil loss add to the silting up of channel beds in the flatter delta, often multiplying the flood spill and damages. In absence of regulation/incentivization, the dominant upper catchment land uses of mining, industrialization and subsistence agriculture continue to abate their contributions to flood. With floods almost happening regularly and losses to life and property mounting for the flood-plainers, eruption of conflict may not be far with the flood-inducing upper catchment land-users.
Another dimension of flood-conflict in Orissa at macro-level is rooted in the alleged relief-dependence of the hydro-governance and quite often quoted 'civil contractor-criminal- politician' nexus in flood (mis)management. This has inspired a satirical quote 'everybody loves a good flood in Orissa'. While these elites and powerful continue to be the greatest benefactors of the floods, the deltaic population continues to suffer meekly. With ravages of the flood spilling to non-traditional areas outside embankments, particularly in the recent floods with more than 100 breaches and affecting millions more, the segregation and alignments of these conflicting stakeholders are on the cards.
On the micro-scale, the flood-conflicts are more conspicuous with boundaries and stakeholders often clearly defined. These conflicts are largely the manifestations of competitions to escape from floods or results out of ulterior motive to gain economic or political mileage out of flood. Examples range from sponsored breaches by neighbouring villagers to contractors encouraged breaches (to get more works) to instances of political-leaders-sponsored breaches to save their affiliate villages at the cost of others. Sometimes breaches are done intentionally to settle scores. In the recent flood, there was a case of conflict taking a turn towards violence with alleged blank firing, between railways (RPF) and the flood affected communities who were trying to dig up the railway track to drain floodwaters to the other side.
Similarly, the escapes constructed by the Water Resource Department at the upper part of the lower catchment to prevent flood in the down side of the catchment, through release of excess water into surrounding doabs have brought in severe flood hazard in the immediate areas. Such escapes, while provide escape to downstream villages and urban areas, put tremendous amount of pressure on upstream villages and agriculture lands. We have seen more than 4 ft of sand casting in thousands of acres of lands along with creation of new rivers near an escape in the Baitarani, which has been provided to save downstream Jajpur town. Segregation of stakeholders around escape is conspicuous though conflicts continue to remain passive.
With floods poised to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change, the damages as a result of ill or lack of planning are also going to expand and multiply. From conflict viewpoint, better understanding and deeper analysis of the contexts, causes and effects are required to identify and analyze the conflict and the stakeholders as well as to initiate work towards conflict prevention and resolution.
Benita Sarah Mathew, Social Performance Management Unit (Research), ESAF, Kerala
Water is precious for all beings; hence, a sudden disruption in its availability or disasters caused by their disturbances creates calamities or disasters. In rural and less privileged areas especially in disaster prone vulnerable places, conflicts arise as soon as there is a surplus or lack of anything. What is necessary is to prepare the communities beforehand on economic and social fronts so that they are better able to manage the disasters and conflicts.
During and after disasters people are caught unawares and slowly returning from the shocks, which have created havoc to their personal and social lives. Hence, water conflicts are one among the various aftermaths, which need timely and effective handling of the situation on ground by the field social animators. They need to access the effects of the disaster, try to bring the community closer and unite it to confront the challenges ahead. This helps build a platform for the people to calm and comfort one another.
Water and related needs will be among the first priority areas for the community in the work towards their economic development hence measures need to be taken in the initial stage, i.e., during community mobilisation itself. It helps in binding the community together and reduces chances of conflicts. Women are more vulnerable to any conflicts along with their children as discussed in various forums, hence whatever implementation programs or initiatives are planned should be done to address their needs & issues first, which will further help in providing a wider platform for preparedness and redevelopment opportunity after disaster strikes.
Neelima Garg, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun
This year, for once, the devastating floods of Bihar seem to have touched us. Last year, when the same region was reeling under what was said to be the worst floods in living history, we simply did not know. Media had flashed a few images, but it was more of the same: rivers flood this region every year, so what's new? What's there to say?
This year there are some differences: first, the breach in the Kosi's protection system of embankments and barrages took place in Nepal, not in India. As maintenance of the embankments was our responsibility, we could not blame Nepal for the floods. We had to look within.
Second, the area, drowned under the flood, was massive and millions were marooned in remote villages. This was partly because this time the river breached upstream of the Kosi barrage and spilled over the land, forgetting that it even had a course to run before it flowed into the Ganga . Remember, this is a river, which has changed its course by 120 km in the past 250 years—satellite images show 12 distinct channels of how the river has moved.
Third, and most important, the flood captured our attention, because of the scale of the human tragedy. It was made clear that in spite of all our big talk and even bigger institutions for disaster management, we remain unprepared, under-staffed and unequipped for a crisis, when it hits. Even as people waited to be rescued we had few boats to bring them to safe places; we had little food, water and shelter to provide for them in the relief camps; and worse, we had no authority to ensure that empty homes would not be ransacked. As a result, people refused to leave. They preferred the swirling water to relief camps. What an indictment of our efforts.
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an weather icon set done with inkscape, just do what you want with it.
Very nicely done. You should do a tutorial on how you made these.
Hey, are those free for commercial use?
I really like these, I am looking for some to permanently use on my News and Information FB page. I am looking for more night time, moon with clouds and stars, crescent "left and right" with clouds and stars. And need one with "sun rain and lightning" together. Can you help? All with black background.
This is a great set. I'm still pretty green with Inkscape, but I'm getting there.


Offer Thanks: That God has not hidden his commands from us.
Confess: Any tendency to value your opinion about a course of action more than you value God's.
His disobedience resulted in the loss of many lives, including his own.


text:
11 Sync Licensing: TV / Movies / Video Games 10 Labels / Record Deals 9 Sync Licensing: Advertising 9 Song placements 6 Publishing Deal 3 Distribution Deals 2 Management Deals 2 Artist Development 1 Exposure Opportunity
33 fully mastered 31 broadcast ready 20 rough mixes
33 submission only
33 Exclusive
33 $501 - $1,000
Seeking Metal Artists for Wagner Records
Seeking Metal Artists/Bands for Wagner Records
Hi musicians! We are looking for you! We are seeking metal artists and bands to sign to Wagner Records. If selected we will offer a contract for artist material for one year, and if the artist and the label (Wagner Records), want to continue working, the contract will renew automatically. If one of the two parties doesn't want to continue, with 30 days of anticipation, a written notice will cancel the auto renewal.
The material to work can be a Single, Demo, EP, or Album. We highly recommend to work an album for an extended promotion of material. In this case, a EP/Single can be used to start the process with Wagner Records. All income while under contract will be divided 50/50 net revenue. We make two payouts per year; one in July and one in January, all via PayPal or bank account transfer.
Once signed, we only ask that the artist/band remove all free download links of the material, from streaming/sales stores and YouTube videos. Wagner Records would have ONLY the digital distribution rights. Besides that, we don't intrude on any exploitable rights without the written authorization of the artist.
Wagner Records Offers:
* Digital distribution on the major online stores and platforms
* Wagner Records Store for digital material to buy (storewagnerrecords.com)
* YouTube Partner Channel for all your official videoclips and lyric videos.
* Merchandising on demand store for the artist with items like, t-shirts, hats, iPhone cases, etc.
* Promotion on Facebook and Instagram
* Physical CD and DVD on demand
Future projects (for 2016/2017/2018):
* Booking for playing in LATAM and Europe (2017)
* Live Streaming and Studio Recordings (2018)
Hope that you can join the squad and grow together team!
- Octavio Boggiano - CEO & Founder - Wagner Records
Song Submission - Publishing Deal
We are actively seeking new songwriters looking for a publishing deal.
Our company is registered as a publisher with Sacem in France and also operates a digital music distribution service.
Selected artists will be offered a publishing and digital distribution deal.
Opened to all genres, but recordings must be professionally mixed and mastered.
- Jeremie Varengo - President - JTV Digital
Distribution & Publishing Opportunities - Searching for exceptional Artists/Bands
We are currently on the hunt for exceptional talent, who have projects, or at least ideas, ready to get out into the big, scary world of the music industry. We can (and will to the right candidates), offer worldwide digital distribution, accounting, consultancy and publishing of your material into sync licensing (Warner Bros/Columbia Films/Lionsgate/E!, Nickelodeon and more.)
If you think you are ready and have what it takes, get in touch now.
PLEASE NOTE: We will only accept submissions for this opportunity here on Music Xray.
- Jared Harding / Electric-Bear Records
Deal Type: Label / Catalog Inclusion
Similar Sounding Artists: Taylor Swift, Kendrick Lamar, Bring Me The Horizon, Linkin Park, Lana Del Ray, Kanye West, Tiggs Da Author, Katy Perry, Snoop Dogg, Skindred and more.
Wanted: R&B/Hip-Hop/Trap and Indie Urban Music for Sync Licensing/Publishing
At Electric-Bear Records, we are looking for current, exciting and quality music submissions for consideration for publishing deals. We can submit music to opportunities with industry players such as: Warner Bros/Lionsgate/Sony/Columbia/E!/MTV/Nickelodeon & more. Please submit your best R&B/Hip-Hop/Trap and Indie Urban Music for consideration.
We listen to ALL submissions!
- Jared Harding / Head of A&R
Compensation: $500+ / TBD depending on placement
Similar Sounding Artists: The Weeknd, Jhene Aiko, Tinashe, Pharrell, Rick Ross
Publisher seeking uptempo pop songs a la Katy Perry, Maroon 5 and Lady Gaga
Successful publisher seeking uptempo pop songs a la Katy Perry, Maroon 5 and Lady Gaga for film, TV and advertising placements. If your song is selected you will be offered an exclusive publishing agreement. High quality masters only. No demos.
Label Roster & Artist Development Consideration: Seeking R&B, Hip Hop, Pop, Dance Artists
Icon Music Group is accepting submissions for label consideration.
Icon Music Group is a artist development media company headed by Grammy nominated multi-platinum producer Teddy Bishop based out of Atlanta and Los Angeles. We are developing new talent with investment backing. We immediately want to sign 5 acts ranging from R&B, Hip Hop, Pop, Dance, etc.
There was a time when record labels committed themselves more seriously to developing the careers of their recording artists. Today, it is much harder to find a record label committed to this goal. This is where I.M.G. steps in to help facilitate and turn acts into label ready stars.
If you feel that you have what is take then submit your best music and we wish you good fortune.
Teddy Bishop: Grammy-nominated producer/songwriter contributed to over 40 million units sold worldwide.
Country Radio Hits! Single song pub deal offered for the right songs!
Top 40 Country for Male artists
I want radio friendly songs for pitches to top country male artists. Nothing too traditional. Edgy arrangements with meaningful lyrics preferred. No trucks, bon fires out in the field, or beer please .... we've had our fill for the rest of the decade!
Roster Music seeks new instrumentals for artist Dasoul
Roster Music is seeking new instrumentals for Spanish artist Dasoul. Dasoul is a very well known urban artist in Spain. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
In 2012, he was signed up by Roster Music, and during this time he has developed his skills as a producer and a composer, but also as an artist. He has collaborated with Henry Mendez, Cristian Deluxe, Decai, Keymass & Bonche, among others. After releasing several singles, at the end of 2014, he launched 'Él No Te Da'. The track has become a success, remaining in the Top 10 for more than two months of the Spanish Official Singles Sales Chart. His influences include Michael Jackson, Don Omar, Daddy Yankee, David Guetta, Eminem, 50 Cent, and Dr. Dre.
Some example of his hits:
- Dasoul "Él No Te Da"
- Dasoul - Vuela Corazón
- Dasoul "Si Me Porto Mal"
- Dasoul "De Lao a Lao"
- Davide Vacchina / Roster Music
Talent Wanted for Label Consideration
Label looking for new talent. Prefer singer/songwriter types, will consider groups who write. No rap or Hip Hop.
Trap music needed for Sync TV/Commercials
We've been inundated with brief requests for Trap. From drinks and sports commercials to TV theme tunes, we're looking for quality, forward-thinking Trap to pitch for worldwide opportunities worth up to $70K.
- I'm Not From London
Similar Sounding Artists: RL Grime, Flosstradamus, Baauer, Bro Safari, Buku, Diplo, TNGHT, Keys N Krates
Looking for Singles for Epic Dance Label Release
We're currently looking for new EDM tracks to sign for the Epic Dance Record Label, global releases only (track exclusivity). Swiss Music Publishing Company representing some top notch Electronic Music Artists by the likes of Aly & Fila, Bjorn Akesson, Dave Emanuel, Andy Prinz and many more.
All Electronic Dance Music genres welcome. No advance, paid royalties based on sales/streaming revenue. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
- Andy Prinz Publishing
Compensation: Royalties / $500+
Similar Sounding Artists: Galantis, Calvin Harris, Sigala, Sigma, Porter Robinson, Alex Adair, MNEK, Naughty Boy, ZEDD
Music Supervision Firm Seeking Music For Upcoming Projects
Music Supervision Firm Seeking Music - Groove Dropbox
Established music supervision firm is expanding it's catalog for placements. Looking specifically for 3 main categories / styles:
Positive / Happy / Fun
Romantic / Reflective
We listen to every submission carefully, and appreciate your time and work. Please submit your best only.
Micropope Single/EP Signing
Micropope is the youngest label on the Xelon line up, focussing on highbrow house, techno and the deeper styles on the cutting edge of underground electronic music.
Micropope is seeking a cutting-edge new artist to be added to our roster.
Micropope has released records by Sick Individuals, Norde, Watermelon Boy, as well as dozens of Armada releases (for AU/NZ only).
We will be selecting one (1) artist to sign and distribute for a single/EP deal.
The winner will be distributed worldwide digitally (e.g. iTunes, Traxsource, Beatport) and promoted via our social media channels.
- Scott / Micropope
Compensation: $500+ / Negotiable based on sales
Genres: Electronic, House, Electro-Pop
Looking for Artists and Bands to add to Corporate Booking Roster
I book talent for many high profile venues, trade shows, weddings, private corporate events and Fortune 500 companies. Looking to add artists to our booking roster and work off % of any gigs we secure.
You must have a Website, Reverbnation, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube with at least 1 quality live performance video and a 3 min video displaying your range of cover material, professional photos that have been updated in the past 6 months, Electronic Press Kit, 2-3 high quality demo tracks, 3-4 hours of cover and original material, and a biography. It's hard for me to book your without these things!! If you need help getting this stuff together I would recommend Artist Development which I can audition you for but this will require a budget.
- Dani Thompson / DNT Entertainment & OC Hit Factory
Deal Type: Booking Agent
Blue Label Records Seeking Hip-Hop/Rap Beats
Blue Label Records is in need of Hip-Hop and Rap Beats/Instrumentals for our current artists. We are looking for exclusive tracks. This may lead to long term work for the label and our artists.
Deal Type: Artist Placement
Similar Sounding Artists: the weeknd, the Game, drake, wiz khalifa, snoop dog, eminem
EDM Producers/Top Liners for possible collaboration
I am looking for EDM Producers and Top Liners for a project I am working on.
About me. I have worked with many top dance/EDM producers including; Todd Terry, David Morales, Alan Fitzpatrick, Daniel Dubb, Virgin Magnetic Material, DJ Gomi, Tainted Souls After Dark, LoveRush UK, Tainted Souls and many more. I co-wrote Dirty Cash/Money Talks which was a multi-million selling single and one of the most remixed dance tracks of all time. I currently have several remixes on the Beatport Chart.
I have a 20 year old singer who is making her first foray into EDM. She is signed to a management/label deal in New York and her first single is due out in October 2014.
I have co written her second single and I'm looking for producers and top liners of EDM to collaborate with and possibly get some further cuts on her CD.
Please send only your best work. If you can't imagine it happening on the Beatport Chart, then please don't send it.
I'm in no hurry with this as we probably won't be going back into the studio until the end of October. I also have other singers I'm working with so if your work doesn't suit this project, I might consider it for other projects that I have down the line.
Pravda Music looking for indie, dance, alternative music
Pravda Music is currently looking to license INDIE/ALTERNATIVE ROCK for television projects. They're looking for bands in the vein of: Beach House, Modest Mouse, Arcade Fire, Phoenix, Death Cab For Cutie, The XX, Muse etc. Some of their ongoing projects include MTV/VH1 programs, CW programs, network, and cable programs, as well as major and independent films, film trailers, and advertisements.
Seeking Hit Songs for Country Artists
SEND LYRIC WITH SUBMISSION! Original songs with singable lyric, interesting melodies, and great grooves. Topically authentic & emotionally relatable but NOTHING preachy. Mid & uptempo preferred. DEMO ~ Piano or guitar vocals are fine but we insist on a lyric with your submission. If we find something we love (and sign it), we'll cut a demo. Also open to artist driven material for film /TV pitches. We're in Nashville so our main clients are major country acts.
We are only interested in signing songs that are 100% available or songs that have never been previously released either via CD or digitally.
An accurate LYRIC MUST BE INCLUDED, PLEASE!
- Trio Productions, Inc / Songscape Music, LLC
Big Beats! Urban Solo project For very famous pop group
Big Beats! Working on urban project for solo project of very famous pop group
I need beats. I'm working on urban project for solo project of very famous pop group Music on top is fine, but I am really looking for talented producers. I wanna hear your stuff and if its good i'd like to start from scratch. The project is type specific but very open to new sound.
Mite Music Seeking Songs & Artists for Label Releases
We are looking for song and artist submissions, mainly electronic in styles like House, Deep House, Nu Disco or Downtempo, to be released on Mite Music. We are looking for high quality, emotional tracks. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
Mite Music is a forward thinking label focused on heartfelt electronic music. Started in 2015, Mite's mission is to be a gateway to inspiring, emotional and soul touching music to the audience, and gather a family of like minded musicians and artists.
- Jay S. / Mite Music
Similar Sounding Artists: Satin Jackets, Mark Lower, Karmon, Adriatique, Detroit Swindle, Purple Disco Machine
Major TV Network Looking for Uptempo/High Energy Music Sync Rotation
I'm working on a few major TV network shows and I'm in charge of placing music in their sync rotation. This means during the airing of the show, you will hear your music throughout the duration of the show. This could be an amazing opportunity for you because Sync Rotation placements pay well. So please make sure you bring your best. NO foul language, and make sure all submissions are clear to understand what you are saying. I'm very particular what I submit, so make sure its a no brainer for me. I will be contacting all individuals that I feel has the "IT" factor. Looking forward to listening to all submissions.
Seeking Tracks for Jane Eugene of the band Loose Ends
I'm seeking tracks with reggae basslines and Sade chord structure for Jane Eugene of the famed British R&B band Loose Ends. She has a new project that I'll be pitching too. Please listen to her music to get an idea of her style. Submit your best track(s) for consideration.
Alonzo Jackson has worked with, developed and produced artists such as Dr. Dre, Drake, D'Angelo, Rafael Saadiq, Patti LaBelle, Beyonce, Kellie Rowland, Tommy Lee, Tara Stenson a.k.a. Aura, Paris Hilton, Truth Hurts, Deborah Cox, Sunshine Anderson, Eric Benet, Wanyá (Boys II Men), Pink (Formerly of the group Choice) and the list goes on and on.
- Alonzo Jackson / ALK Entertainment Group
Label / Publisher looking for artists for the Italian market
Record label and music publisher based in Italy is looking for songs to be released and promoted in our market. All styles are welcome (Rock, pop, metal, hip-hop, r&b, world, electronica). Master quality is required and samples, if any, cleared.
Seeking Fun, Pleasant, Spirited Indie Rock/Pop for TV, Film, & Ads
Los Angeles based music licensing company Atrium Music, which helps artists move audiences through their music placed on TV, Films & Commercials, is accepting submissions for inspirational, positive music. We are seeking composers to write or who have written happy, uplifting music in similar fashion to Vampire Weekend, Animal Collective, Cut Copy, Phoenix, and Arcade Fire. In order to submit music, please follow the guidelines laid out here:
- Please make sure all tracks/files are labeled correctly.
- All vocal tracks must have instrumental track submitted as well.
- NO demos/samples/rough mixes etc., all submissions must be 100% licensable and be final mastered products. NO samples in songs.
- Include legal name, contact info, and name of PRO (Performing Rights Organization, if any).
- Atrium Music Group
Seeking Inspirational Songs for Distribution
We are currently seeking inspirational music. Including but not limited to contemporary christian music. If you have the talent submit today. If your record has what it takes we will get back to you and let you know if it's something we think we can work with.
We look forward to hearing your best work.
Please DO NOT contact the industry professional or anyone directly at the industry professional's company. Doing so will DISQUALIFY you from consideration.
*Special Note* You must own all rights to song(s) submitted to be considered for Major Distribution Deal.
- S. Thompson / Sosa Music Group
Deal Type: Distribution Deal
Similar Sounding Artists: Michael W. Smith, Toby Mac, Francesca Battistelli, Chris Tomlin, Amy Grant
Blessid Union Of Souls Looking for new songs!!
Blessid Union Of Souls Looking for new songs
Blessid Union Of Souls is looking for new material for upcoming CD. If you think you have songs that are in the vein of acoustic guitar/piano pop rock uplifting songs with a good message, submit them here and let us take a listen. The band plans on releasing a new record with a tour to follow. They are looking for mid to up tempo songs with memorable hooks and melodies, along the lines of their first CD 'Home' with 2014-15 production. Looking forward to hearing tracks, full songs or even just lyrics.


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Meet 'Copzilla,' a tricked-out Nissan GT-R built to fight crime
By Stephen Edelstein	 April 6, 2017
Just one glance at this Nissan GT-R police car could cripple speeders with permanent anxiety. Good thing it's just for show.
Officially known as Police Pursuit #23, and nicknamed "Copzilla," this fearsome police car was built by Nissan solely for the 2017 New York Auto Show. It's decked out in the livery of the fictional Skyline Metro Police Department, a play on both the New York City Skyline and the fact that the GT-R used to be called the Skyline GT-R.
In addition to the obligatory police lights and push bar, Copzilla features modified bodywork that's part tuner, part Mad Max. It has one of the most over-the-top rear spoilers we've ever seen, plus flared fenders concealing some monstrous wheels. Measuring 20 inches in diameter, they're aluminum but made to look like the steel wheels on most cop cars. They've also got spikes.
The 3.8-liter, twin-turbocharged V6, six-speed dual-clutch transmission, and all-wheel drive system are all stock, although Nissan did swap in adjustable coilovers to lower the car a bit. With 565 horsepower and 469 pound-feet of torque, Copzilla should have no problem catching miscreants.
Alongside the cop car, Nissan will show a new version of the GT-R in New York that people can actually buy. The 2017 GT-R Track Edition splits the difference between the "base" GT-R Premium and the more hardcore NISMO model, and completes the overhaul of the Nissan lineup begun last year. Nissan will also show a new Heritage Edition of the 370Z.
The 2017 GT-R received the most extensive updates since Nissan launched the current R35 generation in 2007. Changes included revised exterior styling, a redesigned dashboard, and a greater emphasis on comfort and refinement. But the GT-R is still a fairly old design, and a clean-sheet redesign is likely still a few years away. So far though, the GT-R still seems to be doing fine.
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Our best selling Bloc range has been given a contemporary twist! The Gloss White Carcasses of our new Ice Bloc shelving will give your library a modern, bright and airy feel. Nothing is cooler than an Ice Bloc!


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Q: Python if statement to compare to a string not working I've been trying to make a line management program, but something isn't working properly and only half of it works.
I've tried to move things around and change if statements to else statements. but still only half if it works.
what's meant to happen is, the user type in a word, if that word = Next, it removes the first person in that line. if the user types any other word but Next, it adds it to the end of the list.
Example below:
# This is just a line manager :D

print("")

Line = \["Bob" , "Steve" , "Michael"\]
print(Line)

print("")

#infinit loop

I = 0

while I < 1:

   print("Type the name of the person you want to add to the queue, or if you wanna remove the first person in the line, type 'Next'")

   print("")

   New = str(input())

   if New != "Next" or "next":

      Line.append(New)
      print(Line)

      continue

   if New =="Next":

      Line.remove(Line\[0\])

      print(Line)

A: The error is on this line:
if New != "Next" or "next":

The second half, or "next", checks the truthiness of the string "next", which is true since it's a non-empty string. Also, it should check if the answer is neither, not either or. Instead, do it like this:
if New != "Next" and New != "next":

or even tidier:
if New not in ["Next", "next"]:

But in this case (and any taking user input), use this:
if New.lower() != "next":

which turns the user input to lowercase :)


Everything is better with ....Candy Buffets, Chocolate Fountains, Candy Floss, Popcorn Carts, Waffles, Hot Dogs, Slush, Nachos, Pick n Mix, Mr Whippy, Cornetto Soft or a Candy Cart!!
We just thought that, as well as showing lots of lovely pictures of people enjoying tasty chocolate fountains, candy floss, ice cream and stuff it would be a great opportunity to share our passion for all things delicious and hopefully inspire some creativity to help with your future events!!
Photo Booth and Ferrero Rocher at the Old Swan hotel in Harrogate.
Fantastic day at Shamila and Saqlain's Wedding at the Old Swan Hotel in Harrogate. Beautiful Christmas themed Wedding, with the added fun of our Boudoir Photo Booth and Ferrero Rocher Pyramid!