With Memorial Day weekend knocking on the door, we need to talk about yummy, summery sweet treats! Gosh, I have such a sweet tooth. I try to keep it in check, I really do, but in the summer months you just have to indulge in something sweet and delicious from time to time. Frozen yogurt? Yes! Soft serve ice cream with rainbow sprinkles? Yes! Strawberry shortcake, milkshakes and all the strawberry things? Yes! And you absolutely can't pass up an icy popsicle on a hot summer day! So today I'm sharing these six delectable treats to kick your summer off right.


text:
==================
Django Engagements
==================

Django tool to collect engagements (like comments, shares or likes) for social networks.

Quick start
-----------

First of all, read the installation instructions here:
https://github.com/ramusus/django-twitter-api,
https://github.com/ramusus/django-vkontakte-api

Then add this app to your INSTALLED_APPS setting::

    INSTALLED_APPS = (
        ...
        'oauth_tokens',
        'taggit',
        'vkontakte_api',
        'engagements',
    )

Include the engagements URLs in your project::

    url(r'^engagements/', include('engagements.urls')),

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you know even a little bit about me, you know how I'm all about turning your course into a 7-figure business WITHOUT getting on the launch roller coaster.
But do you know my backstory?
…how I ended up creating an evergreen funnel for my course that brought more income than any other launch I've done?
In the video above, I'm being brutally honest with you.
And it's time you stop, be honest with yourself, and assess your life and business too.


Organised by Steam Works Barnsley, the sessions aimed to inspire people to use the Makerspace area in the new Library @ The Lightbox which is funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering's Ingenious Award. Makerspace will include specialist engineering equipment such as robotics, Lego, 3D printers, microcontrollers and electronics.
The students enjoyed constructing their solar nightlights.
At Lydia's latest session at Mapplewell Library, she showed adults with disabilities how to create an eco-construction solar nightlight using cardboard and recycled materials, and finished by installing a solar panel light. There were some fantastic results, with everyone generating lots of creative design ideas.
So far, Lydia has also hosted two other sessions at Hoyland and Worsborough libraries to a range of audiences, encouraging everyone to think about construction and engineering careers.
The new Library @ Lightbox will be completed later this year and will be a welcoming hub for the community, offering dynamic social spaces for people of all ages.


certificate from J. J Rampal, Paris.
a lot of prizes for his work. Comes with a certificate from Eric Blot, Cremona.
This bow belonged to a great Player. Served him well during his career. 72.7 gram.
This bow apart from being beautiful, has really good playing qualities!
A Viola by Giovanni Pistucci. Neapel 1864-1955.
A really astonishing viola, by this great maker, 40.2 cm.
A fantastic viola, 43.5 cm. The sound is astonishing. Rivka Golani used a viola by Erdesz as her preferred solo instrument, most of her career.
Amazing example of this great maker!
Violin bow by Dominique Peccatte, Great playing stick! Firewood.
Jacques Poullot, Gold and Ivory Mounted Violin bow, made by Jacques for his 30 year anniversary in Japan.


CPTA is going to conduct the 18th National Physical Therapy Congress on November 26-27, 2018 in Phnom Penh City, Cambodia. The international key note speakers from Australia and Japan will present their latest findings at the Congress.
The Cambodian Physical Therapy Association (CPTA) was established by a team of Cambodian physical therapists (PTs) in 1994 and was recognized by the Ministry of Interior, Royal Government of Cambodia, on August 18, 1997. The association is comprised of national qualified PTs graduated from Technical School for Medical Care, University of Health Science, Ministry of Health. CPTA is currently a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT). CPTA recieves supports and has partnership with various institutions.


text:
Q: Using reflection to identify if the error thrown matches expected error I need to write a simple code tester program, but I got stuck comparing the given error class with the test expected class. I am supposed to use reflection in this exercise.
I have my code testing class:
public class TestRunner {

    private String result = "";

    public void runTests(List<String> testClassNames) {
        for (String testClassName : testClassNames) {
            Class<?> clazz;
            try {
                clazz = Class.forName(testClassName);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("No such class.");
            }
            Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
            for (Method method : methods) {
                if (method.getAnnotation(MyTest.class) != null) {
                    if (testClassName.equals("reflection.tester.ExampleTests1")) {
                        result += method.getName() + "() - ";
                        ExampleTests1 instance = new ExampleTests1();
                        try {
                            // if null, result = OK
                            method.invoke(instance);
                            result += "OK\n";
                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
                            // if error is caught result = FAILED
                            result += "FAILED\n";
                        }
                    } else {
                        // the second class. should only return "OK" if the error is implemented from the exception class
                        result += method.getName() + "() - ";
                        ExampleTests2 instance = new ExampleTests2();
                        try {
                            method.invoke(instance);
                            result += "FAILED\n";
                        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                            Throwable original = e.getCause();
                            Object expected = method.getReturnType();
                            if (original.getClass().isAssignableFrom(expected.getClass())) {
                                result += "OK\n";
                            } else {
                                result += "FAILED\n";
                            }
                        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                            result += "ERROR\n";
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Also  have two test classes. In the first one there is only one rule, if the test won't throw an exception the test should pass, and it is working. The second class is more complicated. If the thrown error class is implemented or same to the expected error class then the test should pass and OK should be added to the result. Currently my code won't catch RunTimeException at all and moves to the last catch block. How can I fix this?
I will also add the test class for more information.
public class ExampleTests2 {

    @MyTest(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void test3() {
        throw new IllegalStateException();
    }

    @MyTest(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
    public void test4() {
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }

    @MyTest(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
    public void test5() {
        throw new IllegalStateException();
    }

    @MyTest(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
    public void test6() {
    }

    public void helperMethod() {
    }

}

test3() and test5() should pass, test4() and test6() should fail, helperMethod() won't be checked because I only need to use the tests with @MyTest annotation.

A: JUnit has an assertThrows method that checks that an Exception is thrown. It has a method signature of
static <T extends Throwable> assertThrows(Class<T> expectedType, Executable executable){}

Here's the documentation: https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org.junit.jupiter.api/org/junit/jupiter/api/Assertions.html#assertThrows(java.lang.Class,org.junit.jupiter.api.function.Executable)
and here's how JUnit implements it:
https://github.com/junit-team/junit5/blob/main/junit-jupiter-api/src/main/java/org/junit/jupiter/api/AssertThrows.java

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Now that the sequel to last summer's X-Men: First Class has an official release date (July 18, 2014), it's time to start speculating about what returning director Matt Vaughn will have in store Magneto, Professor X, and the rest of the X-Men crew. Today, we got a possible hint at the sequel's plot. As first reported by Ain't It Cool News, Fox has registered the title Days of Future Past with the MPAA, a name fans of the X-Men comic books will be very familiar with.
Despite sounding like a 007 title, Days of Future Past is a two-part X-Men storyline that deals with a dystopian alternate future where mutants are incarcerated in internment camps. The alternate storyline became popular with fans and was used in several other X-Men tales. The first issue of Days of Future Past was voted the 25th greatest Marvel Comic of all time by fans in 2001.
In Days of Future Past, the storyline jumps between the present day, which sees Professor X's X-Men fighting Mystique's Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, and a future timeline where Sentinels rule the U.S. and mutants are forced to live in internment camps. The X-Men in the present are forewarned about their fate by a future version of teammate Kitty Pryde and fight to prevent it.
But before get ahead of ourselves, it's worth noting that studios often register multiple titles for movies… So nothing is set on the sequel's title, let alone plotline. What we do know is that in addition to Vaughn returning, Michael Fassbender, James McAvoy, Jennifer Lawrence, Zoe Kravitz, Rose Byrne, and Nicholas Hoult are all expected to reprise their roles.


text:
Home » PLAYER'S HQ 1.13 » JA2 Complete Mods & Sequels » JA2 Wildfire » JA2 1.13 Wildfire 6.06
Re: JA2 1.13 Wildfire 6.06[message #268925] Sat, 25 December 2010 09:22
I do not know if this is intentional or not, but when you click on Monk in the tactical map...he responds with Ivan's "affirmation".
I noticed Rudolf uses the F :bomb: a lot.
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text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › California Case Law › Cal. App. 3d › Volume 47 › People v. Guzman (1975)
Receive free daily summaries of new opinions from the California Court of Appeal.
People v. Guzman (1975)
Annotate this Case
[Crim. No. 25166. Court of Appeals of California, Second Appellate District, Division Five. April 22, 1975.]
THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. JAMES PATRICK GUZMAN, Defendant and Appellant
(Opinion by Whyte, J., with Kaus, P. J., and Hastings, J., concurring.)
Barry Tarlow and Robert C. Moest for Defendant and Appellant.
Evelle J. Younger, Attorney General, Jack R. Winkler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, S. Clark Moore, Assistant Attorney General, Howard J. Schwab and Jack T. Kerry, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent. [47 Cal. App. 3d 384]
WHYTE, J.
Defendant appeals from a judgment of conviction of first degree murder, a violation of Penal Code section 187, and a finding that he used a firearm at the time of the commission of the offense.
On February 3, 1973, at approximately 5:45 p.m., Benjamin Kerman, the owner of Carson Jewelers in the City of Carson was shot and killed in the course of a robbery or attempted robbery of the store. Appellant and one Robert Donner were jointly accused of the commission of the offense. According to the policy theory Donner acted as decoy and lookout during the commission of the robbery. On the day in question a man, subsequently identified by Joie Hyde, a clerk in the store, to have been the defendant, entered the store and approached the watch counter. He asked for the watchmaker and was told he was in but was in the back. While this man was waiting, Donner, wearing a cast and carrying a crutch, entered and asked to see wedding and engagement rings. Moments later Kerman entered the room and Mrs. Hyde told him the man at the watch counter was waiting for him. She then turned her attention to Donner.
About four minutes later a shot was heard and Mrs. Hyde, leaving her customer, started toward the back of the store where Kerman and the man she later identified as defendant had gone. As she passed the cash register the first man who had entered the store rushed from the rear of the store with a gun in his hand. As he passed within a foot of Mrs. Hyde he pointed the gun at her and ordered her to go to the back of the store and stay there. On entering the rear room she saw Mr. Kerman lying in a pool of blood. Other evidence will be referred to in the discussion of the points raised on appeal.
At the trial Mrs. Hyde identified defendant as the man with the gun. She stated his appearance was changed, particularly as to a moustache and the way he was wearing his hair, but that he was the man. She was extensively cross-examined concerning previous identifications and doubts and prior descriptions given the officers. She conceded defendant did not particularly resemble a composite drawing made by a police artist from her descriptions given near the time of the crime.
[1] Defendant attempted to present expert testimony of Dr. Robert Shomer, a psychologist, concerning the factors involved in identification [47 Cal. App. 3d 385] such as those involved in "perception," "memory," the social context in which the individual tries to recollect something once perceived, and the psychological state of the perceiving organism, e.g., observation under stress. An elaborate written offer of proof, which was in the nature of a psycho-legal brief, consisting of some 20 pages was filed with and considered by the trial court. After fully considering this offer and the arguments of counsel the trial judge sustained the People's objection to this testimony. In doing so the judge stated:
"This type of testimony doesn't come under any rule of evidence that I know of. It is something, I suppose, that could possibly be used to inform the jury about a theory that the psychiatrists have propounded and have become very popular in doing so and hope to become a part of the court system in informing juries of how they should determine facts in a case, but I think the real question here is a question for the jury to decide. It is not a matter that the jury needs expert testimony regarding. It is something that everyone knows about, the problems of identification. The jurors here were well questioned regarding their experience with identification, with having mistakenly identified people. Everyone knows those things happen."
This action by the trial judge is appellant's first claim of error. The question of the admissibility of such evidence has very recently been before the appellate courts in People v. Johnson (1974) 38 Cal. App. 3d 1 [112 Cal. Rptr. 834] (hg. by the Supreme Ct. den. May 22, 1974). There, as here, there was a question of a witness' prior doubtful identification. In fact in that case there had been prior identification of an entirely different person as the one who fired the gun. In Johnson the court stated "In rejecting defendants' offer of the psychologist's expert testimony, the trial court declared in effect that the testimony would take over the jury's task of determining the weight and credibility of the witness' testimony. This ruling was well within the [trial court's] discretion."
The extent of the trial court's broad discretion in matters of this kind is fully discussed in Ballard v. Superior Court (1966) 64 Cal. 2d 159, 171 [49 Cal. Rptr. 302, 410 P.2d 838, 18 A.L.R.3d 1416]. How far should the courts go in allowing so-called scientific testimony, such as that of polygraph operators, hypnotists, "truth drug" administrants, as well as purveyors of general psychological theories, to substitute for the common sense of the jury? Surely the answer is "not in all cases, or even in the ordinary or usual cases." The good judgment of the trial judge as to whether the particular case contains such unusual factors as to make the [47 Cal. App. 3d 386] "expert testimony" a help to jury determination or whether the case is one where the effect of such testimony threatens to take over the jury's function must control in the absence of a clear abuse of discretion. We find no such abuse here.
[2] Appellant's second claim of error is somewhat akin to but entirely separate from his first. This claim is that the trial court should have given specific instructions on the factors that affect eyewitness identification testimony, as they relate to reasonable doubt. Defendant proposed four instructions covering the People's burden of proving identity beyond a reasonable doubt and covering factors which should be considered in determining whether such burden has been met. fn. 1 While the trial court could well consider instructions 1 and 2, which go together, too long and argumentative, instruction 1 at least presents the basic problem and could have been modified to eliminate the faults contained. Instructions 3 and 4 are basically correct and if anything require the changing of only a word or two. The time is past when a trial judge may refuse an otherwise proper instruction because of the use of an improper word. [47 Cal. App. 3d 387]
Notwithstanding the broad language of Penal Code section 1096, a defendant is entitled to an instruction directing the jury's attention to evidence from the consideration of which reasonable doubt of defendant's guilt might be engendered. (People v. Kane (1946) 27 Cal. 2d 693 [166 P.2d 285]; People v. Wilson (1929) 100 Cal. App. 428, 432 [280 P. 137].) Under this rule defendant is entitled to an instruction relating identification to reasonable doubt. (People v. Roberts (1967) 256 Cal. App. 2d 488 [64 Cal. Rptr. 70]; Gregory v. United States (1966) 369 F.2d 185 [125 App.D.C. 140]; Macklin v. United States (1969) 409 F.2d 174 [133 App.D.C. 139]; United States v. Telfaire (1972) 469 F.2d 552 [152 App.D.C. 146].) [47 Cal. App. 3d 388]
That it was error to refuse defendant's request for an instruction on the question of identification and reasonable doubt is established by People v. Roberts, supra. If said error stood alone we would hold it nonprejudicial in the light of the giving of general instructions on the credibility of witnesses (CALJIC No. 2.20) which cover many of the matters which might affect the validity of a witness' identification testimony, and the last paragraph of CALJIC No. 4.50 on alibi, which expressly requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt as to defendant's presence at the scene of the crime (basically the same issue as is involved in identification). (People v. Gomez (1972) 24 Cal. App. 3d 486 [100 Cal. Rptr. 896].) However, when coupled with other errors hereinafter set forth we feel the error may have contributed to defendant's prejudice.
There is more danger of prejudice in cases such as this where a cautionary instruction on circumstantial evidence was given. In such a case the absence of a cautionary instruction on the possible weaknesses of direct evidence of identity may lead the jury to feel such direct evidence is considered more substantial.
[3] We next refer briefly to appellant's contention that the court erred in instructing the jury that an inference of guilt could be drawn from the evidence of flight. fn. 2 The instruction given was CALJIC No. 2.52. The propriety of this instruction has long been recognized. (People v. Johnson (1969) 271 Cal. App. 2d 616 [76 Cal. Rptr. 768]; People v. Mulqueen (1970) 9 Cal. App. 3d 532, 543 [88 Cal. Rptr. 235].) Appellant recognizes this but asks us to reevaluate this instruction in the light of judicial skepticism as to the probative value of the evidence of flight expressed in some federal court opinions including Wong Sun v. United States (1963) 371 U.S. 471 [9 L. Ed. 2d 441, 83 S. Ct. 407]. This same request for a reevaluation of this instruction was made to our California Supreme Court in 1972 and Wong Sun was urged as a basis for the request. The Supreme Court refused to do so and upheld the instruction. (People v. Cannady (1972) 8 Cal. 3d 379 [105 Cal. Rptr. 129, 503 P.2d 585].) There is no reason to depart from People v. Cannady, supra. We would comment, however, that the instruction approved in People v. Hill (1967) 67 Cal. 2d 105, 120, fn. 9 [60 Cal. Rptr. 234, 429 P.2d 586], may be preferable to the standard instruction in cases where defendant offers evidence of other possible explanations for his flight. [47 Cal. App. 3d 389]
We now turn to two specifications of error which we believe are well taken. [4a] Evidence of appellant's earlier arrest while under the influence of narcotics should have been excluded.
On direct examination defendant, without any objection by the People, introduced the fact that he had received a workman's compensation check for $2,272.50 on January 19, 1973. On the theory that this evidence was introduced to show lack of motive for a robbery on February 3, 1973, and to counteract that evidence by showing a possible motive, the prosecution was allowed to introduce testimony by Officer John R. Spindler that he observed defendant on December 22, 1972, at the Torrance police station, observed marks on his arm and concluded he was under the influence of a narcotic. In an effort to prevent the introduction of this inflammatory evidence defendant offered to have the testimony concerning the check stricken and the jury instructed to disregard it. He further offered to stipulate that the money received from the check might have all been used before the date of the crime for other expenses he might have had. Both proposals were rejected by the prosecutor and the trial judge.
The Supreme Court has recently had occasion to again point out the extremely prejudicial nature of evidence of prior crimes and the necessity for examining the admissibility of such evidence with extreme care. (People v. Kelley (1967) 66 Cal. 2d 232 [57 Cal. Rptr. 363, 424 P.2d 947]; People v. Haston (1968) 69 Cal. 2d 233 [70 Cal. Rptr. 419, 444 P.2d 91].) [5] Evidence of prior crimes should be admitted only when there is a real issue to which such evidence is directed. (People v. Gregg (1968) 266 Cal. App. 2d 389 [71 Cal. Rptr. 920]; People v. Perez (1974) 42 Cal. App. 3d 760, 763-766 [117 Cal. Rptr. 195].) Every effort should be made to meet the issue in another way or eliminate it entirely. Where it is possible to meet the issue by a stipulation it is error to refuse to do so and thus unnecessarily bring before the jury the evidence of other crimes. (People v. Gonzales (1968) 262 Cal. App. 2d 286 [68 Cal. Rptr. 578].) This is particularly true where the other crime involved the use of narcotics. There is a grave danger that, notwithstanding proper instructions as to the limited use of the evidence, the jury will nevertheless view it as affecting the reliability of the witness' testimony. (People v. Davis (1965) 233 Cal. App. 2d 156 [43 Cal. Rptr. 357].) Where prior crimes are involved -- only felony convictions, and then only in limited cases -- are relevant on the issue of credibility. [47 Cal. App. 3d 390]
[4b] Here the need for use for the limited purpose of showing motive or counteract the absence of motive would have been eliminated by the proffered stipulation. fn. 3 In such cases the district attorney should not be allowed to "use his inflammatory and prejudicial evidence" in violation of the basic principles of People v. Kelley, supra, 66 Cal. 2d 232. (People v. Gonzales, supra, 262 Cal. App. 2d 286.)
It appears from the several pages of discussion of the propriety of this "rebuttal" testimony by the officer, that the trial judge did not truly weigh the relevancy of the testimony in light of the proffered stipulation against its highly prejudicial nature, but rather admitted it because the defendant had opened the door by first offering evidence of his lack of financial need. But this so-called opening of the door does not support the introduction of this evidence. (People v. Davis, supra, 233 Cal. App. 2d 156.)
[6] During the course of trial it became evident that the People intended to introduce into evidence a driver's license contained in a wallet taken from defendant when he was arrested in Oakland. This driver's license, issued to defendant under the name David Del Rio, gave a different address from defendant's address at the time of the crime and contained a photo showing defendant with his head shaved and his facial features differing from his admitted features at the time of the crime. Defendant first made a motion to suppress this license because it was not disclosed under a continuing discovery order. After that motion had been denied, defendant's counsel made a motion to suppress on the ground of illegal search and seizure. Such a motion is authorized under Penal Code section 1538.5 if timely made. The trial court ruled that it was not so made but was untimely. This ruling is specified as error and we believe correctly so.
Penal Code section 1538.5, subdivision (h) provides: "If, prior to the trial of a felony or misdemeanor, opportunity for this motion did not exist or the defendant was not aware of the grounds for the motion, the defendant shall have the right to make this motion during the course of trial in the municipal, justice or superior court."
The trial court ruled that the defendant did have the opportunity to make this motion before trial because he knew that his wallet was taken [47 Cal. App. 3d 391] and counsel should have been aware that the wallet might contain a driver's license. This ruling ignores the discovery order.
Item 9 of the discovery order was for "Each document, book, article, object and photograph related to this prosecution which was obtained by search and seizure," together with information regarding the date, time and place of such search and officers present. Item 11 was for "all documents, papers, books, records, photographs and latent finger prints which are in the possession of the people or which have been examined by the people and law enforcement officers which are in any way relevant to any of the issues of this case."
In response to item 9 the People responded that the only item was a Bulova watch box and a piece of foam contained therein seized from defendant's mother's home during a search under warrant.
In answer to 11 the People referred to latent finger prints and photographs not including the one contained in the license.
Neither the driver's license nor the wallet were mentioned in either response, although they had been in possession of law enforcement officers long before the discovery motion and answers were made. The discovery order was a continuing one and at least by January 30, 1974 (two weeks before trial) the district attorney had obtained a certified copy of this driver's license and must have determined to use it. No disclosure was made to defense counsel.
Under these circumstances the defendant cannot fairly be said to have had an opportunity to present a Penal Code section 1538.5 motion before trial. Although he may have known a wallet was taken on his arrest, he had a definite indication that the People did not consider it material to the case. If the People can ignore a discovery order and then say, "but you should have guessed we were intending to use this evidence and so have made a motion to suppress it under Penal Code section 1538.5 before trial," the courts will be inundated with unnecessary and useless pretrial proceedings. Careful counsel will be forced to make motions to suppress every item they can possibly conceive might be in possession of the police whether the police or the People consider them relevant or not. Even if it can be technically said defendant had an opportunity to present the motion before trial it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to deny discovery during trial under the facts of this case. fn. 4 [47 Cal. App. 3d 392]
Nor can the existence and availability of certified copies of the driver's license excuse not granting a 1538.5 hearing. But for the original seizure by the police, the People would have had no knowledge of the existence of a license issued to defendant under the name of Del Rio. Such copies would have been the fruit of the original seizure should that seizure be held upon hearing to have been unreasonable.
Nor can the error be said to be nonprejudicial. The pictorial representation of the changes effected by defendant in his appearance may have been far more telling than any oral description. This license could have been a key factor in persuading the jury that defendant's flight from Los Angeles was motivated by a consciousness of guilt, rather than for reasons claimed by defendant.
[7] The rejection of the testimony of Dr. Nathan Murillo, like the rejection of the testimony of Dr. Robert Shomer, was a matter within the discretion of the trial judge for the same reasons. fn. 5 Furthermore the judge purported to act under Evidence Code section 352 in determining that the evidence might lead to the confusion of the jury and would occupy the court's time unnecessarily. We cannot say that the trial judge abused his discretion in declining the offer of Dr. Murillo's testimony.
[8] Appellant complains that his counsel was unduly restricted in oral argument. It does appear that he was not permitted to refer to magazine and newspaper articles reflecting illustrations of incidents of misidentification, a matter of common knowledge, and which should have been allowed under People v. Woodson (1964) 231 Cal. App. 2d 10 [41 Cal. Rptr. 487], and that he was stopped from reading from a book merely because he was reading and not because the court examined what he intended to read. This violates the rules of People v. Travis (1954) 129 Cal. App. 2d 29 [276 P.2d 193], which allows reading of material stating proper argument in language counsel feels is better than his own. This is of course not to say that counsel may get expert opinion on matters of scientific theories or experiments, which evidence has been excluded, before the jury by the simple expedient of reading so-called scientific literature in argument. To the extent he was restrained from doing this the trial court's ruling was proper. To the extent there was error in excessive restriction it was nonprejudicial. Counsel was allowed to fully state these considerations in his own words without reference to supporting authorities. [47 Cal. App. 3d 393]
Other alleged errors will not occur on retrial. Any possible defect resulting from lack of any instruction on the use of a firearm should not reoccur.
The judgment of conviction is reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.
Kaus, P. J., and Hastings, J., concurred.
FN 1. "Instruction No. 1
"One of the most important issues in this case is the identification of the defendants as the perpetrators of the crime. The state has the burden of proving identity beyong [sic] a reasonable doubt. Therefore, you, the jury, must be satisfied beyong [sic] a reasonable doubt of the accuracy of the identification of a defendant before you can convict him. If you are not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was the person who committed the crime, you must find the defendant not guilty.
"Identification testimony is an expression or belief or impression by the witness. Its value depends on the opportunity the witness had to observe the offender at the time of the offense and to make a reliable identification later.
"In appraising the identification testimony of a witness, you should consider the following:
"1. Are you convinced that the witness had the capacity and an adequate opportunity to observe the offender?
"Whether the witness had an adequate opportunity to observe the offender at the time of the offense will be affected by such matters as how long or short a time was available, how good were lighting conditions, whether the witness had occasion to see or know the person in the past.
"2. Are you satisfied that the identification made by the witness subsequent to the offense was the product of his own recollection? You may take into account both the strength if [sic] the identification, and the circumstances under which the identification was made.
"If the identification by the witness may have been influenced by the circumstances under which the defendant was presented to him for identification you should scruntinize [sic] the identification with great care. You may also consider the length of time that lapsed between the occurrence of the crime and the next opportunity of the witness to see defendant as a factor bearing on the reliability of the identification.
"You may also take into account that an identification made by picking the defendant out of a group of similar individuals is generally more reliable than one which results from the presentation of the defendant alone to the witness.
"3. You may take into account any occasions in which the witness failed to made [sic] such an identification of defendant or make [sic] an identification that was inconsistent with his identification at trial.
"4. Finally, you must consider the credibility of each identification witness in the same way as any other witness, consider whether he is truthful, and consider whether he had the capacity and opportunity to make a reliable observation on the matter covered in his testimony.
"I again emphasize that the burden of proof on the prosecutor extends to every element of the crime charged, and this specifically includes the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt the identity of the defendant as the perpetrator of the crime with which he stands charged. If after examining the testimony, you have a reasonable doubt as to the accuracy of the identification you must find the defendant not guilty.
"Instruction No. 2
"In addition to the factors which were previously pointed out for your consideration as to the accuracy of an identification you should consider whether or not the witness is the same race as the individual he is attempting to identify. If they are not, you should consider the effect this would have on an accurate identification.
"In evaluating the identification testimony of a witness, you should determine if:
"1. The witness had an adequate opportunity to make the observation;
"2. If the witness is positive in his identification;
"3. If the witness' identification testimony is not weakened by a prior failure to identify or by prior inconsistent identification, and
"4. If after cross-examination the testimony remains positive and unqualified.
"If you find that any one of these four conditions is absent, you are admonished to consider the witness' testimony as to identify with caution and scruntinize [sic] it with care.
"You are instructed that the identity of the defendant as the person who committed the crime is an element of every crime. Therefore, the burden is on the state to prove beyond a reasonable doubt not only that the crime alleged was committed, but also that the defendant was the one who committed it. You must be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt of the accuracy of the witness' identification of the defendant.
"In this regard, you are instructed that it is not necessary for the defendant to prove that another person may have committed the crime, nor is it the burden of the defendant to prove his innocence. If facts and circumstances have been introduced into evidence which raise a reasonable doubt as to whether the defendant was the person who committed the crime charged, then you should find the defendant not guilty of the offense."
FN 2. Appellant left Los Angeles County after the offense and moved to Oakland.
FN 3. If on retrial defendant again attempts to offer the compensation payment in evidence to show lack of motive, any error in allowing the rebuttal of such testimony by evidence that defendant had an expensive drug habit would be invited error. Such evidence of lack of motive could not again be overcome by withdrawal or stipulation as the original offer would not be in good faith.
FN 4. No long delay would have been involved in holding a 1538.5 hearing. The officer making the arrest and seizure was in court the following court day. No lengthy presentation of evidence would appear to have been necessary or called for.
FN 5. Dr. Murillo, a psychologist, was offered as an expert to testify on possible innocent motivations for flight.
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 Epidendrum longipetalum
 Epidendrum longirepens
 Epidendrum lopezii
 Epidendrum lophotropis
 Epidendrum lowilliamsii
 Epidendrum loxense
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 Epidendrum lueri
 Epidendrum lumbaquiense
 Epidendrum lutheri
 Epidendrum macarense
 Epidendrum macasense
 Epidendrum macbridei
 Epidendrum macdougallii
 Epidendrum macrocarpum
 Epidendrum macroclinium
 Epidendrum macrocyphum
 Epidendrum macrogastrium
 Epidendrum macroophorum
 Epidendrum macropodum
 Epidendrum macrum
 Epidendrum maderoi
 Epidendrum madsenii
 Epidendrum maduroi
 Epidendrum magalhaesii
 Epidendrum magdalenense
 Epidendrum magnibracteatum
 Epidendrum magnibracteum
 Epidendrum magnicallosum
 Epidendrum magnificum
 Epidendrum magnoliae
 Epidendrum maldonadoense
 Epidendrum manarae
 Epidendrum mancum
 Epidendrum mantinianum
 Epidendrum mantiqueranum
 Epidendrum mantis-religiosae
 Epidendrum marcapatense
 Epidendrum marmoratum
 Epidendrum marsiorum
 Epidendrum marsupiale
 Epidendrum martianum
 Epidendrum martinezii
 Epidendrum mathewsii
 Epidendrum matudae
 Epidendrum maxthompsonianum
 Epidendrum medinae
 Epidendrum medusae
 Epidendrum megacoleum
 Epidendrum megagastrium
 Epidendrum megalemmum
 Epidendrum megaloclinium
 Epidendrum megalospathum
 Epidendrum melanogastropodium
 Epidendrum melanoporphyreum
 Epidendrum melanotrichoides
 Epidendrum melanoxeros
 Epidendrum melinanthum
 Epidendrum melistagoides
 Epidendrum melistagum
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 Epidendrum microglossum
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 Epidendrum modestum
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 Epidendrum monophlebium
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 Epidendrum montisillinicense
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The mission of the Communications Department is to develop in students a desire for excellence in scholarship, an ability to communicate effectively and an appreciation for the humanities. The department endorses the college's Mission Statement and strives to uphold its commitment to learning.
Meet students' needs by providing a variety of learning activities to address diverse learning styles.
Provide access to instruction through distance learning as well as traditional modes of delivery.
Prepare students to continue their education at four-year institutions or to enter the workforce.
Offer courses that allow students to upgrade communication skills and knowledge for personal enrichment or for job advancement.
Maintain an informed and professional faculty.
The Communications Department offers courses in English, mass communications, speech and theatre. These courses are part of the General Education core in our associate and certificate programs.


Alexis Sanchez produced a stunning second-half hat trick in 15 minutes as Arsenal cruised to a 5-1 victory over struggling West Ham on Saturday in the Premier League.
LONDON (AP) — Alexis Sanchez produced a stunning second-half hat trick in 15 minutes as Arsenal cruised to a 5-1 victory over struggling West Ham on Saturday in the Premier League.
Sanchez's hat trick, along with goals from Mesut Oziland Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, ensured Arsene Wenger's side kept in touch with league leaders Chelsea.
A fifth consecutive Premier League match without victory will increase the pressure on West Ham manager Slaven Bilic, but his side's toothless performance against a London rival may annoy him even more than the result.
The visitors were afforded too much space in the final third from the outset at the London Stadium, with West Ham not helped by James Collins' muscle injury forcing the introduction of Alvaro Arbeloa after just seven minutes.
Arsenal wasted a handful of opportunities in the opening stages, before the ever-reliable duo of Sanchez and Ozil produced the decisive contributions.
Chile forward Sanchez raced through before squaring for Ozil to tap home in the 24th.
Arsenal was never taken out of its comfort zone before Sanchez produced a moment of magic to double the lead in the 72nd.
The striker received the ball outside the box on the left with little danger apparent before spinning Arthur Masuaku, skipping away from Angelo Ogbonna and driving low past West Ham goalkeeper Darren Randolph into the bottom corner.
Sanchez's first strike triggered a spate of five goals in 15 minutes, as he beat the helpless Randolph once more with unerring accuracy as the ball fell to him on the edge of the box in the 80th.
Just three minutes later Andy Carroll grabbed a consolation on his return from injury before Oxlade-Chamberlain got in on the act, curling the ball in from outside the box for 4-1.
Sanchez had the final word as he completed his hat trick with a sublime dummy and dinked finish to move Arsenal up to second in the Premier League, three points behind Chelsea.
LONDON (AP) — Harry Kane and Christian Eriksenboth scored twice as Tottenham thrashed Swansea 5-0 in the Premier League on Saturday, dealing the Welsh club its heaviest loss under new manager Bob Bradley.
Kane ended a week in which he signed a new 5-1/2 year deal with Spurs by scoring either side of Son Heung-min's acrobatic strike. The hosts were 3-0 up after 49 minutes at White Hart Lane.
Eriksen rounded off a convincing win with goals in the 70th minute and then in injury time for fifth-placed Tottenham.
Swansea dropped back to the bottom of the standings, a week after picking up its first win under American coach Bradley.
SUNDERLAND, England (AP) — Leicester lost for the seventh time in 14 matches of its stumbling Premier League title defense, slumping to a 2-1 defeat at Sunderland on Saturday.
Jermain Defoe's eighth goal of the season ultimately condemned Leicester to its latest loss that kept the champions two points above the bottom three.
Defoe struck in the 77th minute after Robert Huth's own goal gave the home side the lead at Stadium of Light in the 64th.
Substitute Shinji Okazaki pulled a goal back for the visitors in the 80th, which still cannot transfer its Champions League form to the Premier League. Leicester has qualified for the knockout stage of its first Champions League campaign with a group game to spare.


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Mozambique Toggle navigation Africa Americas Asia and Oceania Europe World Leaders United Nations United Nations Related Agencies World Statistics Forum
Encyclopedia of the Nations Africa Mozambique MOZAMBIQUE
República Popular de Moçambique
CAPITAL : Maputo (formerly Lourenço Marques)
FLAG : The flag consists of broad stripes of green, black, and yellow, separated by narrow bands of white. Extending from the hoist is a red triangle; centered on the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star upon which is a white book over which are crossed the black silhouettes of a hoe and an AK 47 rifle.
ANTHEM : Begins "Viva viva FRELIMO."
MONETARY UNIT : The Mozambique escudo ( ME ), linked until 1977 with the Portuguese escudo, was in June 1980 renamed the metical ( MT ); it is a paper currency of 100 centavos. There are coins of 1 / 2 , 1, 2 1 / 2 , 5, 10, and 20 meticais, and notes of 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 meticais. MT 1=$0.000043 (or $1= MT 23,220) as of April 2003).
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES : The metric system is in use.
HOLIDAYS : New Year's Day, 1 January; Heroes' Day, 3 February; Women's Day, 7 April; Workers' Day, 1 May; Independence Day, 25 June; Victory Day, 7 September; Day of Revolution, 25 September; Christmas, 25 December.
TIME : 2 PM = noon GMT.
Portuguese remains the official language. Different African ethnic groups speak their respective languages and dialects.
The armed forces in 2002 numbered an estimated 10,000–11,500. The army was equipped with about 80 main battle tanks. The navy had 150 personnel, and the air force numbered 1,000. Mozambique had observers in two UN missions in the region. Military expenditures in 2000 were an estimated $35.1 million or 1% of GDP.
In 1977, all insurance companies were nationalized and Empresa Moçambicana de Seguros was established as the sole state insurance enterprise. This company continued functioning through 1999.
Both import and export licenses are required for all goods. The average nominal customs tariff rate was reduced from 18% to 10% in 1996. Mozambique chaired the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1990–2000, and houses its Communications Commission (SATCC) in Maputo.
FRELIMO has emphasized mass organizations, such as the Organization of Mozambican Women and the Organization of Mozambican Youth. Scouting programs and active chapters of the YMCA/YWCA are available for youth. The Red Cross is active in the country.
The Mozambique Chamber of Commerce, founded in 1980, is located in Maputo. There is a national teacher's union.
FAMOUS MOZAMBICANS
Eduardo C. Mondlane (1920–69) was the first president of FRELIMO. His successor, and later the first president of independent Mozambique, was Samora Moïsés Machel (1933–86). Joaquim Alberto Chissano (b.1939), foreign minister since independence, succeeded Machel as president in 1986; Chissano announced in 2003 that he did not intend to run for reelection in 2004.
Mozambique has no territories or colonies.
Location, size, and extent Topography Climate Flora and fauna Environment Population Migration Ethnic groups Religions Transportation History Government Political parties Local government Judicial system International cooperation Economy Income Labor Agriculture Animal husbandry Fishing Forestry Mining Energy and power Industry Science and technology Domestic trade Foreign trade Balance of payments Banking and securities Public finance Taxation Foreign investment Economic development Social development Health Housing Education Libraries and museums Media Tourism, travel, and recreation BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrahamsson, Hans. Mozambique: The Troubled Transition, from Socialist Construction to Free Market Capitalism . London: Zed Books, 1995.
Andersson, Hilary. Mozambique: A War Against the People. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.
Azevedo, Mario Joaquim. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1991.
——. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique. [computer file]Boulder, Colo.: net Library, Inc., 2000.
Chingono, Mark F. The State, Violence and Development: The Political Economy of War in Mozambique, 1975–1992 . Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1996.
Christie, Iain. Samora Machel, a Biography. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Panaf, 1989.
Ciment, James. Angola and Mozambique: Postcolonial Wars in Southern Africa. New York: Facts on File, 1997.
Else, David. Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. Oakland, Calif.Lonely Planet, 1997.
Hall, Margaret. Confronting Leviathan: Mozambique Since Independence. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1997.
Harmon, Daniel E. Southeast Africa: 1880 to the Present: Reclaiming a Region of Natural Wealth. Philadelphia, Penn.: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002.
Landau, Luis. Rebuilding the Mozambique Economy: Assessment of a Development Partnership. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1998.
Lord, Graham. Ghosts of King Solomon's Mines: Mozambique and Zimbabwe: a Quest. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
Marshall, Judith. Literacy, Power and Democracy in Mozambique: The Governance of Learning from Colonization to the Present. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993.
McElrath, Karen (ed.). HIV and AIDS: A Global View. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.
Newitt, M. D. D. A History of Mozambique . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.
Rotberg, Robert I. Ending Autocracy, Enabling Democracy: The Tribulations of Southern Africa, 1960–2000. Cambridge, Mass.: World Peace Foundation, 2002.
Vines, Alex. Angola and Mozambique: The Aftermath of Conflict . London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1995.
——. Renamo: From Terrorism to Democracy in Mozambique . York: Centre for Southern African Studies, University of York, 1996.
Waterhouse, Rachel. Mozambique: Rising from the Ashes . Oxford: Oxfam, 1996.
Also read article about Mozambique from WikipediaUser Contributions: 1 feodosia Feb 28, 2007 @ 12:00 amIt,s interesting! There is a lot of information about this country. I liked it. Thank You. 2 me Apr 15, 2007 @ 7:19 pmI have to do a project on Mozambique, and this site really has a lot of good information, which makes my project easy. Love it! 3 Sanju Jan 2, 2008 @ 4:04 amSeems really interesting and i am sure it will help me out in understanding the nation as well as help me out as a wonderful resource material for my future projects/researches. Apart from finding the correct article,i understand that i have come across a very useful and full of matter article. will look forward to more such enriching information about the nation 4 Chief207x May 13, 2008 @ 9:21 pmYah. I also have to do a project on Mozambique. This site is really useful :D 5 Fred Mar 4, 2010 @ 9:09 amGuess what? I have to do a project on Mozambique too! That is so cool!Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:
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Most calorific festive supermarket items revealed
The study examined nutritional information for goods such as mince pies, cranberry sauce and pigs in blankets, comparing the same portion size each time.
A study conducted by fitness experts Nuyoo.co has compared festive food items from five major supermarkets (Asda, Tesco, Sainsbury's, Waitrose and Morrisons), to see the calories, fat and sugar content in the products.
The study examined nutritional information for goods such as mince pies, cranberry sauce and pigs in blankets, comparing the same portion size each time; and showed that the biggest calorie differences were for stuffing (120 calorie difference), pigs in blankets (88 calorie difference between Morrisons and Tesco's versions) and cranberry sauce (a difference of 65 calories).
Nuyoo.co claims that making the right supermarket choice for Christmas groceries could save consumers 610 calories, which is 31% of a woman's daily calorie intake, and 24% of a man's.
On average, the report suggests that it is "wiser" for waistline-conscious consumers to shop at Morrisons this year, while stating that buying from Waitrose is "a disaster for your diet".
Looking at sugar per item, it was revealed that Sainsbury's, on average, slips the most sugar into its seasonal products, while Morrisons ranks last for sugar content.
The difference between the two was 20.6g of sugar, the equivalent of over five teaspoons, or 74% of the recommended daily allowance.
According to the study, the biggest "game-changers", or Christmas purchases with the largest sugar content difference, were cranberry sauce (where switching to Morrisons from Sainsbury's could allegedly save consumers 17g of sugar), mince pies (8g difference per mince pie) and Christmas cake (8g of sugar difference).
In addition, the numbers show that in Waitrose the total fat content of the selected Christmas items contained 19.3g more than the fat content at the lighter-option supermarket, which was Sainsbury's.
The seasonal foods with the biggest difference in fat content were stuffing (where Waitrose's stuffing packed 14.8g more fat than Sainsbury's version), pigs in blankets (5.4g difference in fat content per portion) and Christmas pudding (3.8g difference between Asda and Morrisons).
A spokesperson for NuYoo.co said: "It is hard to avoid Christmas treats, but smarter decisions could be made this year when it comes to your holiday shop.
"It may seem like an effort to go to different supermarkets, but the number of calories that you can save – 610 – is definitely not to be sniffed at, it's the equivalent of seven roast potatoes!"
Food Management Today contacted Waitrose and Sainsbury's for comment and has not received a response.


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About Couples
About Hakomi
William Wise,CHP
Certified Hakomi Practitioner & Teacher
About Couples
There's something interesting about couples. People who can get along with others at work and who navigate stressful disagreements elsewhere often find themselves arguing over seemingly "small" issues. Apparently, the people skills that work with others fail at home. Understanding what's going on can be the key to creating a more loving way of relating to each other.
People are attracted to each other for multiple reasons. The obvious are things like having a shared vision, enjoying each others company, and a sense of being a "good fit" together.
Unfortunately, there's often an additional powerful attractor at work; the opportunity to confront and resolve issues created around unmet basic needs during childhood. What makes these old issues so hard to deal with is that they are not a part of our conscious awareness. "You can't do what you want until you know what you're doing"* If the forces that are influencing our behavior are below the surface, then we're limited in our ability to have the kind of relationship that we want. I call these forces "the System." And the System has it's own agenda.
Since the sources of the System are the Survival Strategies that we developed as children as ways of getting our basic needs met when they were not being directly provided by our family, the key to lasting change comes down to our own individual work.
It's my experience that the individual work can often be best done in a couple's setting. One of the difficult things about starting individual counseling is accessing the parts of ourself that are causing us difficulty while in a counseling setting. This is much less of a problem when working as part of a couple. Couples coming to counseling are usually very good at "pushing each other's buttons."
The work usually has two stages. First, we identify the form that the System takes and how to recognize it. Every time the System runs it course, it does damage to a couple's love and connection. Therefore, we learn to identify its early signs and symptoms and develop a method for unplugging it. That stops the damage and creates time for us to deal with the old experiences and beliefs that fuel the System.
Next, we explore together the experiences and beliefs that keep them stuck. Normally, each person takes turns being the focus and their partner acts as my helper and assistant. Supporting your partner as they do their inner work can be a powerfully bonding experience. It is truly an intimate experience.
Other possible formats include simultaneously working with both as issues arise or seeing one partner on one week, the other on the next, and both on the third week.
These are decision that we all make together.
*Moshe Feldenkrais