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> Industry > Help LookSmart Crawl the Web
Help LookSmart Crawl the Web
Industry	02 Apr 03 | Chris Sherman
LookSmart is taking a new approach to discovering web content, offering a free downloadable screensaver program that also crawls the web when your computer is idle.
A longer, more detailed version of this article is
available to Search Engine Watch members.
Click here to learn more about becoming a member
The program is Grub, the distributed crawling service that LookSmart bought in January for $1.4 million.
Most crawlers are centralized, run from each search engine's data centers. Grub, on the other hand, runs from the computers of anyone who has downloaded and installed the Grub client. LookSmart plans to use the information gathered by Grub crawlers to supplement the centralized crawls run by its Wisenut search engine.
"Fundamentally, the first problem we're trying to solve with our acquisition of Grub is that we know about many more documents than we can actually retrieve and analyze right now," said Peter Adams, chief technology officer of LookSmart. "We know about over 10 billion URLs right now, and we see that trend growing in terms of web pages that are being added."
Most search engines crawl many more documents than they actually index. Even culling duplicate pages, spam or otherwise inappropriate content, search engines have a hard time keeping pace with the constantly changing nature of the web.
This causes problems with the freshness of search engine indexes. While all of the major search engines update at least a portion of their indexes on a daily basis, most settle for anywhere from two weeks to a couple of months to completely refresh their databases.
Crawling more frequently, while technically possible, has its downsides, including greater costs and greater bandwidth consumption. Grub's distributed approach to crawling can alleviate some of these downsides, according to Adams.
"Our first objective is to build a community of distributed web crawlers that will allow us to crawl all of the web documents every day," Adams said. "Not necessarily to index them all, but to assemble a database of information about them — what's new, what's dead, what's changed."
The Grub crawler visits a list of essentially random URLs sent down from a central server. It retrieves pages and analyzes them, creating a "fingerprint" of a document, a unique sort of code that describes the document. Each time a page is crawled, Grub compares the new code to the old code. If it's different, that signals there's been a change to the page.
"Instead of crawling and send everything back, we only have the crawlers send back changed information," said Adams. This intermediate analysis of a page is impossible for centralized crawlers to perform, since they must retrieve a page and store it in the search engine's database before any analysis can be performed.
LookSmart believes that this distributed approach to crawling will be vital to coping with the growth of the Internet, and assuring that search engines continue to produce relevant results.
"If you look back over the past ten years of search engines, beyond five years ago what you're really seeing is few large servers working on a smallish index," said Andre Stechert, Grub's director of technology.
"A little while ago, there was something called cluster computing that came along, and Google essentially capitalized on this in a big bad way. They took existing information retrieval algorithms and put them on this cheap computing model, which fundamentally changed search," said Stechert.
Whereas Google uses clusters of thousands of computers, Stechert envisions yet another leap forward in search engine technology. Distributed "grid" programs like Grub will be hosted not on thousands of computers but millions.
"Google asked the question, 'what happens when you have 10,000 computers.' We're asking, 'what happens when you have a million,'" said Stechert. "This is going to yield another revolution in the quality of search results."
The Grub client is easy to download and install. You have full control over its behavior — when it runs, how much bandwidth it consumes, and so on. In my tests, it crawled dozens of URLs in minutes over my cable modem connection without interfering with any of the other applications running on my computer.
It's fascinating to watch the crawling process. The standard Grub interface shows you two graphs, displaying your bandwidth "history" and the number of URLs crawled per minute. Other statistics display information about the current crawl — pages that have changed, remain unchanged, are unreachable, and so on.
The screensaver is a visualization that graphically displays the crawling process. You can also switch to a view that scrolls the list of URLs as they're being crawled.
You have no control over what's crawled, with one exception, that I'll talk more about. Nonetheless, its fascinating to see the display of URLs from all over the world — most of them unfamiliar. It reminds me of the early days of the web when random web page generators were popular.
If you own or operate your own web site, Grub will allow you to run a "local" crawl of your site every night. This is a great way to ensure that all of the content on your site gets crawled. For large sites, it will also cut down on some of the bandwidth consumption, since Grub compresses all data it sends back to its servers, by a factor of up to 20:1.
Why should you help LookSmart index the web? The altruistic reason is that it will help them broaden their coverage of the web, and potentially improve the relevance of search results. If Grub catches on, it's likely to spur similar efforts by other search engines.
Grub also keeps stats for each user. You can see how much your client has crawled, and compare your "ranking" with other Grub users.
But the best reason, at least to me, is that watching a crawler in action is fascinating. It allows you to directly observe a process that's normally hidden away in the black boxes we call search engines. Bottom line: it's a heck of a lot of fun.
http://www.grub.org
Grub Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.grub.org/html/help.php?op=main-faq
Patent Wars!
The Search Engine Report, Oct. 6, 1997
http://searchenginewatch.com/sereport/97/10-patent.html
LookSmart isn't the first search engine to use distributed computing. All the way back in 1997, Infoseek (technology now owned by Disney) was issued a patent for "distributed searching," a sort of federated meta-search process. Google is also experimenting with distributed computing with its Google compute project.
Google's New High Protein Diet
SearchDay, Mar. 25, 2002
http://searchenginewatch.com/searchday/02/sd0325-googlecom.html
Google is harnessing the collective computing power of its users to help model complex proteins, a project that could lead to the development of cures for Alzheimer's, cancer, AIDS and other diseases.
Search Headlines
NOTE: Article links often change. In case of a bad link, use the publication's search facility, which most have, and search for the headline.
Online search engines news
Being Tops with Your Users and the Search Engines (Part 1)…
High Rankings Apr 3 2003 2:26PM GMT
Online portals news
Building a Service Portal…
line56 Apr 3 2003 2:21PM GMT
Web users flock to BBC in search of news…
Netimperative Apr 3 2003 12:31PM GMT
AltaVista… Google… Microsoft? Where does the future of web search lie?…
Silicon.com Apr 3 2003 11:03AM GMT
Microsoft Tries to Boost MSN Web Searches…
SiliconValley.com Apr 3 2003 9:41AM GMT
Microsoft says it'll take on Google…
MSNBC Apr 3 2003 6:02AM GMT
Analyst: Jeeves to sell enterprise unit…
CNET Apr 3 2003 0:46AM GMT
Microsoft Covets Google's Niche…
Wired News Apr 2 2003 11:37PM GMT
Overture Expanding Globally With MSN Korea…
SiliconValley.Internet.com Apr 2 2003 2:44PM GMT
Internet: international news
China will log 'keyboard clicking' to rein in the internet…
New Portal to International Courts and Tribunals…
BeSpacific Apr 2 2003 6:34AM GMT
Al-Jazeera most sought-after in Internet searches…
Yahoo Apr 2 2003 0:24AM GMT
Got a Question? Google It…
Readers Digest Apr 1 2003 9:20PM GMT
Who's poised to win the brewing v-commerce wars?
While Google is an obvious "horse to bet on," ubiquity, UX and utility will dominate the voice-search innovation race in 2020 and beyond.
Industry	Voice	28 Jun 19 | Gary Burtka
Alexa.com adds more search tools to its competitive analysis
Now, the free tool "automatically generates top competing sites that it uses as the basis for a more in-depth competitive analysis report," Alexa.com President Andrew Ramm told SEW.
Analytics	Industry	SEO	27 Jun 19 | Barry Levine
Decommissioning Jet: Two charts proving Walmart planned to ground Jet all along
Walmart made headlines last week by announcing that it would fold Jet.com into its Walmart ecommerce operations. The story explained with two simple charts.
Industry	News	26 Jun 19 | Stephen Kraus
June 13 saw the release of a new tool by London-based company Trint which can assist the crawlability and visibility of video content in search engines by automatically attaching transcripts using AI.
Industry	Video	14 Jun 19 | Luke Richards
distributed computing | distributed crawling | Google | Grub | LookSmart | Peter Adams | search engine | URLs | web crawlers | WiseNut


The newly established NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHS BCSP) offers all eligible men and women aged 60 to 69 a faecal occult blood test (FOBT) every two years in a home-mailed invitation pack. The research trial will evaluate the effectiveness of including a GP endorsement letter and/or a detailed FOBT procedural leaflet in the home-mailed invitation pack for improving participation in the NHS BCSP. The results of the project are anticipated to inform the enhancement of targeted information materials for the NHS BCSP, evaluate the role of primary care for patient choice in bowel cancer screening and directing future research aimed towards improving patient participation in the programme.
Baseline questionnaires sent 6 weeks prior to receiving the invitation to screening; follow-up questionnaires sent 4 weeks after invitation to screening.


Copies the formula and (optional) format of the top left-most cell across a range, respecting absolute and relative cell references. This is useful for applying functions across arrays that cannot normally be applied with ARRAYFORMULA(), such as RAND(), INDEX() & GOOGLEFINANCE().
For reference, Google's list of functions can be found here.
To get started, highlight the range you want to apply the formula across. Remember that the formula will be taken from the top-left cell and that absolute and relative cell references are maintained. Go to 'Add-ons > arrayThis > Active Range' and you will see the formula copied across the range.
If you wish to apply arrayThis across several ranges at once, then you do not need to select them. Go to 'Add-ons > arrayThis > Specify Range(s)' and enter the ranges separating by commas.
"Active Range" and "Specify Range(s)" will overwrite the formulas in each range with the formula of the top-left cell.
"Apply Right" will apply the first formula of each row in the active range across the active sheet, moving right.
"Apply Down" will apply the first formula of each column in the active range across the active sheet, moving down.
Formatting will be applied if you have it enabled.
Select column A. Go to 'Add-ons > arrayThis > Active Range'. The output will be '=RAND()' in each cell, producing different random numbers, instead of the same random number that would be produced by ARRAYFORMULA().
Incorrect: Go to 'Add-ons > arrayThis > Specify Range(s)' and enter "A:B" in the prompt. This will make every cell in A:B equal to"http://www.example.com/?n="&RAND().
Correct: Go to 'Add-ons > arrayThis > Specify Range(s)' and enter "A:A,B:B" in the prompt. This will make every cell in column A '="http://www.example.com/?="&RAND()' and every cell in column B '=IMPORTHTML(A1,"table",1)'.
View and manage the files in your Google Drive & View and manage your spreadsheets in Google Drive - Used to read and write the value of cells in the active document.
2018-11-07 - Simpler UI and formatting bug fixes.
2018-05-22 - Added "Apply Right/Down".
2018-03-20 - Updated UI & added formatting options.


MICHAEL: I spent the first 20 years of my life in Toronto, Canada, then moved to Annemasse, France for three years, then Boulder, CO, then Girona Spain.
MICHAEL: Toronto. We moved back here when I retired from racing in 2012 to be closer to family.
You obviously were on the road a lot when you were racing and it seems like you're still getting around a fair bit now days, do you pick up music from different cities and cultures when you visit? Hows traveling different now to when you were racing?
MICHAEL: Traveling is far more relaxing now as I don't have to worry about a coming race and my fitness, health etc. Being a pro cyclist is a 24 hour a day job—the next race and fitness never escape a racer's mind and they influence almost every decision. As a result, I think I now observe more of my environment and am more relaxed. While traveling to races I missed a lot of what was going on outside the race (the culture of the place, the environment etc), as we were always moving forward with a place to go and an objective down the line—there wasn't always time to simply stop and observe. But, I listen to a lot of music while traveling, whether on the plane, in a bus, in the hotel room or in a car. The right music will motivate me, calm me, inspire me…. I'm always looking for new music to fuel those emotions. And, I like listening to local music as I can learn a bit about the culture.
Where was the last place you travelled? What music were you listening to?
MICHAEL: I've traveled a fair amount within the province and eastern Canada in the last few months as my son has been racing cyclocross but the last long distance trip I took was to Austria for a Rapha photoshoot/product testing. In the car with my son, I'll roll through the satellite radio stations picking up everything from 1980's metal and rock to hiphop to more mellow tunes for the post race drive home. On the plane to Austria, I was likely listening to the National, Aero Flynn, Jose Gonzales, and Bon Iver, as I find all three of them good for writing or reading to. I'll put on classical music to fall asleep. I was also listening to Kendrick Lamar and Kid Cudi's latest albums.
What's it like as an ex professional to be going to races with your son?
MICHAEL: It's good fun. Sometimes my father will come as well. I'll pin on the numbers, he'll pump up the tires….My father took me to races when I was my son's age and now he's doing it all over again.
Overall, I certainly see racing through a different lens than I once did, especially local racing. And, perspective is a good thing. Many people are far too heavily invested in their children's performance, or in their own racing and tend to lose perspective. Of greatest importance, is that the kids are having fun and that they don't buckle under the pressure and burn out. Too many parents and coaches create a performance based environment at too young an age and the joy of sport becomes overshadowed by work, fear of failure etc. Sport is too hard not to be enjoying it and the greatest tragedy is when a kid doesn't have the desire to get on his/her bike again because he/she has been pushed too hard from a young age.
Does he show new music and are you passing on stuff to him?
MICHAEL: We move the dial back and forth between the channels on the Sirius. From Ozzy Junkyard, to Hiphop Nation, to Classic Rock, to top twenty. His playlist on iTunes is composed of Imagine Dragons, Ozzy, Daft Punk, Fireflies….
MICHAEL: I have written the occasional article for Soigneur magazine but I don't have time to write as much as I would like. I keep notes, write when I can in a journal, but, unfortunately, haven't pursued it beyond that due to time constraints.
MICHAEL: My father had a good collection of vinyl and my parents always either had the public radio station on or the stereo on. My mother also often took me to the Toronto Symphony. So I was influenced heavily by them early on.
Every day after school I'd come home, put on one of my Dad's records, and would do my homework on the living room carpet. Most of the time, it was the Beatles, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Gordon Lightfoot, Led Zeppelin, and CCR. In my teen years I listened to a lot of rock and then electronica/techno, then Brit Pop (Pulp, Oasis, Blur, the Stone Roses, Charlatans UK, Paul Weller…) and hip hop (Dr.Dre, Snoop Dogg, Mobb Deep, Gangstarr, the Roots, Mos Def, Tribe Called Quest…) When I moved to France, I listened to quite a lot of Francoise Hardy, Serge Gainsbourg, and Brigitte Bardot.
MICHAEL: The Beatles, A Day in the Life. I'm sure I loved some kids' songs when I was really young but the lyrics in the Day in the Life struck me when I was about 8 or so.
MICHAEL: Let's use the word 'play' loosely because I was terrible, but I played the Baritone/Euphonium in grade school. I didn't practice enough because it was tough carrying that thing home on my bike. I didn't have the patience to work at it either as I wanted to be outside riding or doing some other sport. The first time I took it home, the neighbours called to ask if everyone was okay as they could hear a terrible noise.
If you could go back and learn a musical instrument, which would it be?
MICHAEL: Guitar. There is not much better than sitting around a living room, or camp fire, listening to someone talented playing a guitar. I wish I could bring that kind of joy to others.
How have your musical tastes changed and developed over the years since?
MICHAEL: I now listen to most genres whereas when I was a young teen in 8th-9th Grade, I mostly listened to rock. Friends, my wife, ex-girlfriends and my children have introduced me to everything from electronica, to hiphop, to pop, to classical.
MICHAEL: Led Zeppelin IV and Rolling Stones Hot Rocks—both on cassette. I think they're probably still in a drawer with all my other cassettes at my parents' house.
MICHAEL: 1991— Soundgarden and Guns n Roses (Use Your Illusion Tour) in St.Petersburg Florida. I think I had been to others before that but that was the most memorable.
MICHAEL: Bon Iver in Poble Espanol, Barcelona. It is a small venue in the centre of Barcelona on Mont Juic. Justin Vernon is unbelievable live. We also went to a number of good shows on the beach/coast in Spain—they were more memorable for the venue than the music. Most recently we saw London Grammar in Toronto—it was a brilliant show.
Whose musical taste do you really admire?
MICHAEL: That's a tough question. I like people who have open minds—free flowing and are always looking for something new to inspire themselves and others. I had a teammate with Saturn, Chris Fisher, who was always painting, dreaming, trying new things, looking beyond the scope of what most people see. He introduced me to a lot of new music. An old friend, who was also my agent, Bob Mionske, also introduced me to new music. Like Chris, he draws, doodles, paints, and is introspective. So, those two come to mind immediately, but there are many others. My friend Stig Somme, who is not only a brilliant paediatric surgeon in Denver but also a wicked cyclist, alpine skier and back country skier introduced me to a pile of music as well. The commonality between all of them is that they live outside the norm, challenge themselves and are open minded. I know music inspires them.
I think there are a lot of similarities between art and professional sports, they both are extremely personal and require an inspiration not just motivation. What was your inspiration to ride?
You're right. Cycling and art are similar—they can both be calming, therapeutic, meditational, inspirational and enriching. Many of our family friends, and our customers, are artists and cyclists—from musicians to writers to architects to fine artists. When I was young my inspiration to ride was the victory, the goal of being a pro and racing the Classics, Giro and Tour. But that fizzles the closer you get to the goal, and before you know it the dream is a job and it becomes difficult to get out the door to ride when the weather is lousy or you're tired. But, then, as I grew older, certainly in my final years pro and now, it is the mental aspect that I crave and cherish the most. I'll ride in most weather and absorb every minute I can on the bike. I almost find it hard to believe it was once something I grew to dislike—but that was because my motivations were all wrong. Now I realize how much a good ride can put everything in the right place. To ride is a privilege and something I will never take for granted.
MICHAEL: Some of the young guys the last years I was racing with Sky liked to play top ten pop really loud on the bus which I had a hard time getting used to. I'm pretty easy going though, and will put up with almost anything if it suits the vibe at that moment.
Did you ever use music to put you in the right headspace for a race?
MICHAEL: All the time. We had a good sound system on the Team Sky Bus so music was often on before and after the races. Prior to that I always had headphones and an iPod to chill me out and rev me up. My younger son asked me the other day why we have so many sets of headphones—they are all from my racing days as I was always looking for good quality sound so, bought a good few pairs over the years.
I now build custom steel bike frames (Mariposa Bicycles, which is a family business) and restore vintage bikes, so in the workshop we always have something on to keep us going: the day starts slowly with the national radio station (CBC) for current events and cultural news/interviews, then we play music the rest of the day—everything from the blues, to Pink Floyd, to Kendrick Lamar to Kid Cudi, to Motorhead—not much top ten pop though.
How'd you learn to build frames? It's very much an art. What do you enjoy most about building?
MICHAEL: I grew up in my father's bike shop and workshop, so I was constantly around bikes, cyclists, mechanics and frame builders from a young age. When I was in grade 5 my father and I built a frame in the evenings after school. That was the first time I held a torch. Then, when I moved to Europe, I was away from it all. Five years ago, when we moved back to Toronto, I spent several months with him in the workshop learning to build frames, carriers etc. Frame building is both art and craft. I enjoy the rhythm to the process, the creative aspects of making something with a few bits of steel that can evoke emotion on so many levels. I enjoy the satisfaction in always being able to improve and the frustration in seeing where improvement can be made. I enjoy sharing the process with my workmates and family. But, finally, the greatest joy is seeing a bike being ridden—because, really, a bike is nothing until it has a person on it who is thrashing over the countryside sitting comfortably, as if it were an extension of his/her body.
Do you listen to music when you ride?
MICHAEL: No. I did for a while but now I prefer to be in tune with the natural environment. It is easier to find flow when I'm in synch with nature. To really calm myself, to find a good headspace, and get the most out of my body I like to hear the wind, the birds, the water in a creek, the tires on the road, the chain ticking over, my breath….On some level, all that is also music.
Also, when in traffic it is way too dangerous to block out noise so I never use them while riding in the city.
I just assumed everyone listened to music or something whilst out riding but it appears I've been doing it wrong all these years. I'm going full nature when I ride today, test it out.
MICHAEL: Okay, let me know how it goes.
What was it like on the bus pre-race when you were racing? Is everybody doing their own thing listening to their own stuff or is there a more communal atmosphere?
MICHAEL: It depended on the team. Most teams music was independent with everyone listening to headphones but the last three years when I rode with Sky we almost always listened to music on the sound system. On many levels, the music brought us together as a team. Or at least, I like to think it did. On USPS, Zabriskie always had some fun compilations that he'd play.
It's a tough one the communcal music. I'm all for the idea, its smart but we'd do it sometimes and I remember often not being into it, or wanting to take control of it at least. How did that environment change over the years you raced?
MICHAEL: On Sky it was good fun as I was introduced to new music as riders put together different playlists for races. And, of course, when the music was on we could still chat, which doesn't happen when everybody has headphones on. That sense of team and community is what I miss most about bike racing (that, and just riding my bike everyday).
That said, computers have negatively affected the vibe on teams as riders immerse themselves in the tech instead of chatting. When I first started racing teams would gather in the hotel lobby after dinner, go for a coffee, and sit around together before heading to their rooms. That happened less and less over the years as riders started to go straight up to their rooms to get online. And, then in the room, roommates would converse less and less as they would watch shows, surf the internet, focus on social media etc. That didn't happen before and I think riders got to know their teammates better as a result—this, of course, improved the respect and understanding within the entire peloton.
I could not agree with you more on this. I've had a big issues with the lack of empathy, mutual respect and care between riders in the bunch, it was actually one of the biggest factors in me choosing to end my road career and I think the rise of tech and the reduction of communication between riders outside the race is directly responsible that. But what are you gonna do, ban Netflix? It's a challenge because it has been a societal change that is exemplified in the pro peloton. Have you ever had a 'victory' song or a track you associate with any performance, good or bad?
MICHAEL: We are the Champions?No, not really.
Did you ever smuggle music during a race?
MICHAEL: Once in a TT in Vuelta Catalunya I wore headphones with an iPod. It looked just like a radio so nobody said anything. I was probably listening to some 90's techno—likely Jerry Bonham/Spundae as I listened to that a lot during efforts.
MICHAEL: Hmmm. That's changed over the years. Recently, my older son has been playing Cardi B, Bodak Yellow. That seems like a good place to get things started…maybe….But, I could also play Volcano Choir, Byegone, as that builds nicely.
Dude not gonna lie, Bodak Yellow, that song does it for me. Does musical taste influence how well you're going to get along with someone?
MICHAEL: Nah. If the music they like isn't great just intro them to something better.
MICHAEL: How about Comrade by Volcano Choir.
MICHAEL: Maybe Kid Rock? Although the old cliche, 'don't judge a book by it's cover' usually holds true, so I'd give them a second chance.
MICHAEL: Not recently. But, I'm sure at some point I have played a song to impress. I've never pretended to know a song to impress.
MICHAEL: I'm not overly embarrassed to admit it, but Ryan Adams cover album of Taylor Swift's 1989 album is pretty amazing—I listen to that often. Now that I'm old, I find myself bopping my head to a lot of 80's music that wasn't overly great but has a good beat and brings back some nice memories and emotions. Recently, my wife, sons and I have been blasting 99 Luft Balloons which is pretty awesome, especially when we all dance together.
I did not know about the Ryan Adams cover album, will listen. I bet you're not the only one who secretly loves that either. A track, or tracks, for the highlights reel of your career. How does it play out and which songs are you going to score it with?
MICHAEL: Holocene by Bon Iver. The song has a lot of meaning, for me. To me, it is about the perspective you gain with maturity and experience, and our place in the world and time—connectedness, flow and meaning. Cycling, racing, my career on a bike, took me a on colourful journey with many high and lows. Cycling made my life rich in ways I could have never have imagined and had I known before the journey it would have taken me on, I'm not sure I would have pursued it. That dream wasn't reality, but ultimately reality was far harder, more profound and rich than the superficiality of the dream. The calm I feel when I listen to this song, is where I feel I am at this moment in my life, and where the journey has taken me.
MICHAEL: Lying on my back on the living room carpet with headphones on and my eyes closed. Or dancing with my wife and kids.
Mate, thank you this was a real pleasure.


text:
IANR establishes Center for Agricultural Profitability
The university's new Center for Agricultural Profitability will facilitate faculty research, conduct outreach related to agricultural profitability and train undergraduate and graduate students — all to support informed decision-making in agriculture through applied research and education. Photo by Natalie Jones | IANR Media
by Ryan Evans
UNL Agricultural Economics
The University of Nebraska-Lincoln's new Center for Agricultural Profitability will facilitate faculty research, conduct outreach related to agricultural profitability and train undergraduate and graduate students — all to support informed decision-making in agriculture through applied research and education.
Nebraska's Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education has approved the establishment of the Center for Agricultural Profitability within the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
The new interdisciplinary center, which was approved March 11, will facilitate faculty research, conduct outreach related to agricultural profitability and train undergraduate and graduate students — all to support informed decision-making in agriculture through applied research and education.
The center will build on strengths present in the university's Department of Agricultural Economics through collaboration with other research and education units within IANR and the University of Nebraska system. It aims to serve agricultural producers, agribusiness professionals and the economy in Nebraska and beyond.
"It is critical that producers have decision-making information that is current, research-based, specific and holistic, and that they have appropriate tools and procedures to analyze that information," said Mike Boehm, NU vice president and Harlan Vice Chancellor for IANR. "The center will play a critical role in fulfilling that need."
The center will focus concerted effort among social science, biological and engineering disciplines to provide the research and educational programs required to keep Nebraska's farmers and ranchers financially healthy. It will begin operating by early summer. For more information on the Department of Agricultural Economics, go to https://agecon.unl.edu/.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PPISR currently houses a small library, an online catalog of which will be shortly available via Librarika. Following the current worldwide trend, a large deal of our current reading material for research purposes is paperless and accessed online. The available books in our present library collection are about 1500 advanced books in the fields of the materials, biological and physical sciences.


The initial plan as devised by Martin Ebert.
1. The Askernish Golf Club literature talks about Old Tom Morris and Horace Hutchison designing the course in 1891. Yet, no records or photographs exist. There were hints of a green here and there, maybe a tee or two but back then, minimal earth was moved. Discovering much was impossible. What was your first step?
Martin Ebert (ME): You are right in that it was difficult to assess where greens, tees and fairways were located. However, the dunescape is so dramatic we had to think that where relatively flat areas existed they were either natural green locations or had been shaped or softened in shape to produce greensites. So the initial exercise was largely one of finding as many greensites as possible and then trying to link them up in a sequential routing. This was carried out during the first two day visit to Askernish in March 2006 and, the day afterwards, four of the Askernish members played the course.
The initial routing exercise was a team effort involving myself, Ralph Thompson, Gordon Irvine, Chris Haspell, Adam Lawrence and the then Course Manager, Colin MacGregor. All contributed to a larger or lesser extent and I put down the layout on the aerial photo. That accounted for today's 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th fairway and green, 6th (although the green position has changed), 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 14th green (played from behind the 10th green), 15th (although there were plans to play it as a par 5 across wetland to a green which would have needed to be raised slightly), 16th (although the green was originally the pimple of the approach rather than the hollow which I preferred and where it is now located), 17th (to a green to the right which I did not favour and now it is in the location I originally preferred) and the 18th tees and fairway location.
The layout exercise was carried out imagining the principles which Old Tom would have followed. As with so many of the great links the coastal stretch was not saved for the last few holes. Blind shots were considered acceptable. Multi route holes definitely kept in mind. Quirky greens absolutely fine. Crossing holes if necessary. Tees very close to previous greens wherever possible. However, we did have the modern aids of an aerial photograph, a rangefinder, a GPS unit and AutoCad to put down the results of the first day's research and subsequent layout plan.
However, that did not affect the fundamental and traditional method of planting stakes for tee locations dogleg points and green centres by the end of the two days.
The center stake for the one shot 145 yard 14th hole.
The 14th green from the same vantage point.
2. Any particular hurdles along the way?
Some crofters made objections with the land to the north so some holes were dropped out from there. Gordon Irvine, over on a visit to help assist with the improvement of playing conditions, suggested the current 4th, 5th tee, 11th (he was worried it was too tough but it has turned out to be one of the great holes), a narrower (right hand route only) 12th but was then having difficulties getting back to the 14th green. I made another visit in May 2007, confirmed the 11th, widened the 12th to be multi route and took the 13th around a sand hill to reach the current 14th tees. Gordon also located the 18th green at this time.
3. Holes 1-6 are over fine links land and then you climb up to the seventh tee and WHAM! You are in the biggest dunes on the course and over the next 10 holes, the golfer goes on perhaps the greatest roller-coaster rides that the game offers. Talk with us about the routing process and what were the key moments – the seventh tee? The jaw-dropping ninth green complex? Turning the twelfth hole inland away from the Irish Sea?
ME: There were numerous options for holes 1 to 6 but, as you say, when the 7th is reached the hole just sits out there before you. The same was the case for the 8th, 9th and 10th holes. The par 3 11th is a tough prospect today and might have been considered an impossible playing challenge in 1891. However, the hole works and, getting to the far south end of the area available at the time, it was time to turn inland with the multi route par 5 12th hole. While the sea views become more distant for the 12th to 18th holes, the inland views are stunning as well and the dunescape equally ideal for golf. These holes are more than a match for the coastal stretch with only the 18th receiving the odd comment that it produces a quiet finish but I believe it is one of the unsung holes with its dogleg around the old cattle pen and to a green with some excellent contours.
This view from the seventh green back up to the tee is a clear indication of the wild terrain that the golfer has now entered.
The short, drivable two shot 8th hole was found/seen during Ebert's first visit.
The completed 8th hole with the island of Barra in the background.
4. As you roamed over the 300 acres, how and when did you spot the future punchbowl fifteenth green location?
ME: As mentioned above, the 15th hole was initially planned to play as a par 5 with a green set beyond a low, wet dune slack, reminiscent of some of the marsh holes at Royal West Norfolk. However, the green would have needed to have been raised by a foot or two to keep it dry throughout the year. Hence Gordon Irvine and the greenstaff cut out the existing 15th green in the hollow short of the wet lowland and, I have to say, it makes for a great old fashioned green.
The view to the original 15th green across the marsh from what would have been the lay up position.
The 15th green is now found in a good old fashioned hollow.
5. Tell us about the course construction technique. What equipment was used? How were the fairway grasses cultivated?
ME: The course was basically brought into play by mowing of the greens and fairways and gradually fining down the grasses. Initially fairways were cut using a gang mower but Ransomes Jacobsen kindly supplied a fairway mower, rough mower, pedestrian mowers for greens, a Cushman and top dressing unit. Rabbit damage was a major issue and continues to be a challenge which is being slowly won. Turf (sod) was stripped from the obsolete greens from the 9 hole course and used to repair the rabbit damage. Small tees were constructed by hand. The 7th green has been reshaped and turf was stripped from the 6th and 15th greensites to allow rabbit damage to be repaired and levels to be adjusted very slightly.
6. Is that light touch on the land coupled with no irrigation what made permitting to work in the dunes even possible?
ME: The fact that there was a golf course on the land in previous times and that there was still a 9 hole course in play established a precedent for golf on the links. However, an ecological management plan had to be produced and submitted to conserve the ecological attributes of the site. The absence of irrigation, application of chemicals and the general maintenance principles undoubtedly assisted with the permission for the course to be restored and played although the rights of the crofters had to be considered and respected during the process.
7. Askernish represents the ultimate in natural golf. Give us an example of a green and the process to transform it into a putting surface.
ME: The key to the green conversion process was to respect the levels of the greensites completely wherever possible. A good case in point would be the 9th green which sits at a great angle perched on its ledge with banks in front and behind and with wonderful undulation. There was rabbit damage on this green so this had to be repaired (more than once) during the mowing programme. Gradually the heights of cut have produced the green surface we have today. This was helped with an overseeding programme and top dressing with local root zone from the obsolete greens from the 9 hole course. Subsequently the top dressing material has included milled seaweed from the beach and some organic fertiliser in the form of dried blood, hoof and horn has been applied to greens only (fairways have not received any fertiliser). The greens keep their natural look but, I would say, putt much more smoothly and quickly than they look.
The 9th green on the first visit perched precariously on the natural ledge.
The fairway is now cut further right than in this photo to allow a better angle into the green.
Looking back to the bank behind the 9th green from the carry of the 10th hole.
8. The greens feature some of the finest/boldest interior contours in the golf world. What is their optimal green speed?
ME: I would say that the optimal green speed would be around 8. It is difficult to mow them tighter – the lowest they are cut is 6m. If they are mown much tighter the sharper contours might scalp and the natural grasses would be in danger of dropping out. The contours would make some of the greens too severe at higher speeds. With a speed of 8 the greens can be presented to play with more speed by selecting the majority of flag positions in low parts of the greens.
Speed becomes far less important when interior contours exist like the ones found at the second green. The back right hole location is two feet lower than the challenging one seen above.
9. How many people are on the greenkeeping crew? How is the course maintained?
ME: Since the start of construction the maintenance crew has numbered two in total but is now one full time (Allan MacDonald) and one part time seasonal greenkeeper. Allan deserves great credit for turning the course out so well. Over the years, parties of unpaid volunteers have spend a week or two helping with specific projects. That has been extremely helpful. With such a small number on the maintenance crew you can imagine that the maintenance programme is basic and limited to cutting and top dressing. No irrigation is applied and no fungicides or pesticides are used.
10. There are four bunkers on the course. How did each come to pass?
ME: I remember a Golf Club Atlas post where a contributor criticised the man made addition of the lacey edged bunker at the 12th green. That was a completely natural bunker, or was at least formed by cattle sheltering from the elements! The other bunker which existed was in the approach to the 11th green, again a natural phenomenon. The two bunkers at the 8th green were in the sandy hollows which had become a dumping ground for rubbish. In clearing them out the decision was taken to turn them into bunkers.
The two bunkers at the 8th green which were added into existing rubbish filled hollows.
11. Would a few additional bunkers make the design even better? If so, are there any choice potential future bunker locations you can share with us?
ME: This was a subject which I debated with Tom Doak when he made his one visit in September 2010. He felt that it would not be the right thing to add more bunkers. I am inclined to agree that the course has so much great natural undulation and feature, especially around the greens, that bunkers are superfluous. However natural bunkers are made to look, there might be an element of them being added to what is golf over completely natural terrain.
12. How did Tom Doak come to get involved? What did he and Eric Iverson do?
Ralph Thompson (RT): I had been in touch with Mike Keiser from almost the start of the restoration project and he asked Tom to come over and have a look at any possible improvements that could be made to the routing. Tom came over and met with Martin Ebert and we had long long conversations about possible small changes. We eventually agreed on a couple of minor tweeks to the 7th and 16th greens and a new tee at the 6th and Eric Iverson came over and did the works. Mike Keiser generously provided the funds.
13. The course opened for play in 2009. Other than Eric's work, what tweaks have you done to the course?
ME: First of all I will just explain the excellent work which Eric Iversen carried out and how it was conceived.
Eric's involvement followed Tom Doak's visit in September 2010 (commissioned by Mike Keiser). Tom spent a weekend at Askernish playing a few rounds and I arrived on the Monday and we had just enough time for a 3 hour speed walk around the course looking at every hole and debating if any adjustments should be made. Tom was refreshingly impressed by what he found and it was excellent to hear later that he regarded the course the most notable he had seen that year. He made some very useful points for the business approach of the operation and specific comments regarding some of the holes. However, I was surprised that he wanted to make as much change to the natural levels of the 11th approach and he also wanted to reshape the 16th approach and green entirely.
I was adamant that a smaller scale operation be implemented at the 11th and that the major surgery to the 16th green should not happen. To me the 16th green is one which provides great debate and memory and to reshape it (and I have no doubt Eric would have done a great job) would take away from the essence of Askernish. I do not feel that it lets the course down at all but Tom seemed to think that it did. In the end we made a minor extension of the green at its rear. The 7th green has been adjusted twice, once by Gordon Irvine and then again by Eric in January 2011 with my input. Eric made the minor adjustments to the 11th approach, carried out the extension to the rear of the 16th green and shaped up the 17th green, again with my input.
Following on from this there have not been many changes apart from the movement of the 6th green twice, each time to the right, closer to the sea, the first time as suggested by Tom Doak. Initially it was felt that sand blow would be a major issue in getting too close to the coast. These fears have dissipated but could return. The green surface will now be in view from the fairway whereas it was originally an awkward, blind shot up an over a bank to an away sloping green.
14. Askernish has at a minimum six all-world golf holes – the 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, and 16th. Pebble Beach has the same number so you are in good company. Beyond those six, what is a favorite sleeper hole, one that a first time visitor might not appreciate until after his fifth or tenth round?
First of all I would add the 14th and 15th to your list of all-world golf holes and maybe the 10th as well. However, as far as the quieter holes are concerned I would put forward the par 3 2nd hole (made by the ridge back green) and, in terms of appreciation dawning after the 5th or 10th round I would go for the 18th hole.
Looking back down the 10th hole.
15. Please expand. You note above that the Home hole is underrated yet some consider it is a curious closer as it finishes well away from the car park.
ME: The initial plan had a 17th hole playing as a par 4 for the first part of the current 18th hole. The 18th then played from a tee near the current 7th tees giving a final view over the ocean before playing back as a long par 4 towards the clubhouse. When the layout had to be changed by dropping some of the original holes to the north and be replaced to the south, the 17th was extended to become the 18th. Gordon Irvine conceived the extension to the current greensite and I think it works well. The walk back to clubhouse and car park gives an opportunity to mull over the great shots, the missed putts and an appreciation of the great round which has just been experienced.
16. How has the development of the course been funded?
ME: As mentioned above, a lot of the work has been carried out by willing volunteers who have not charged anything for their input. Visits by teams of greenkeepers have been organised by Gordon Irvine, we have provided architectural advice for the same fee as Old Tom Morris – Ten shillings a hole which equates to £9 or around 15 US dollars! Ramsomes Jacobsen have provided all machinery at no cost. The R&A made a grant to assist with the development of junior golf but the major funding for the initial work to the course was donated by Gordon Stollery from Canada. He was a client of ours (We designed a new course for him at Goodwood, north of Toronto and are about to redesign the South Course at Angus Glen for his daughters led by Cailey Stollery as Gordon sadly passed away around 18 months ago). Gordon was in the oil business in Canada, loved links and natural golf, developed Angus Glen with his father, Art, was a member of The R&A and loved the concept of Askernish. Subsequently, Mike Keiser has funded the work carried out when Eric Iversen made his visit. Apart from that, Life Memberships have allowed Askernish to operate. All of this process has been coordinated by the Askernish stalwarts of Ralph Thompson, Donald MacInnes and Angus McIntyre and the other local members but they do have the benefit of enjoying the course day in and day out!
17. Tell us about the business model. To whom is Askernish meant to appeal? Does Askernish accept members? Other than green fees, will other revenue sources exist like food/beverage/lodging?
RT: Askernish Golf Club is a Community Interest Company Limited by Guarantee and all its assets are locked for community benefit. We have about 150 members most of whom are Country Members from out with the island who pay a nominal fee each year to share full member benefits. They are largely links golf fanatics who love the natural and informal feel of Askernish. We just constructed a large shed to house the maintenance equipment and to incorporate an indoor practice area which will allow us to continue the coaching sessions for children and beginners throughout the winter. We also now have mains electricity to the clubhouse and have employed a lady to provide full catering facilities throughout the season. This is an important revenue stream for the club. The practice facility has been designed so we can incorporate functions like dances, birthday parties, weddings etc. which will provide much needed income.
ME: I hope that the above will give everyone a flavour of what Askernish is all about, how it has been achieved by so many willing volunteers, how good the course is both as a historical experience and as a great test of golf. I will once again be visiting to play in the Askernish Open at the end of August. The most enjoyable golf I have ever experienced. Hopefully Old Tom would approve of what he would find if he was able to return!


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Home Entertainment Philippines Entertainment 7 Reasons why you should watch Pinoy Big Brother Kumunity Season 10
Philippines Entertainment
7 Reasons why you should watch Pinoy Big Brother Kumunity Season 10
Big Brother is surely enough reason for many to check out this highly-anticipated new season, but several other things should excite viewers the most.
The overwhelming attention that the latest season of the long-running reality show, Pinoy Big Brother, received last night seems to have proven the utter anticipation for this show in the past few months.
There are many reasons why people should keep tabs on the happenings inside the house, and here are some of them:
This season is comprised of three editions.
After the batch of celebrity housemates that entered the house last night kickstart the tenth season of the reality show, two more editions comprising adult and teen housemates are to follow. Kumunity Season 10 marks the third time all three editions are part of one season, following the All In and Lucky 7 Seasons.
The Celebrity Edition showcases exciting strong personalities.
It won't be an exaggeration to say that the current roster of celebrity housemates must be the most interesting since the reality show started. Never mind their questionable 'celebrity' statuses, the current housemates are nevertheless poised to make this edition one of the most diverse and colorful batches ever. This edition has a beauty queen, a mixed martial artist, a new breed of young singers, television actors, and comedians. The edition also has a radio DJ, a celebrity athlete, and a popular live streamer. This season is surely one interesting hodgepodge of personalities.
There are three comedians in the show.
During the first episode alone, comedians Brenda Mage, TJ Valdema, and the online viral seller, Madam Inutz, already lit up the house with their fun banters and hilarious one-liners. 'Bat inuna mga panget?' noted Madam Inutz when the next housemates entered the house, after her, Brenda, and TJ. That's just one of the ridiculously laughable moments, which will surely not be the last inside the house, as the housemates further get to know each other.
A KUMUNity of singers is likely to showcase unbelievable singing talents.
It would not be PBB if no at least one song was written and recorded inside the house. Over the years, PBB has become a convenient platform for aspiring singers to showcase their talent. And now that three legit singers are in the house, it won't be surprising if they are asked by Big Brother himself to make performances or write songs. That's one exciting possibility to look forward to on the show.
More platforms are available to see the show.
Fans of the reality series don't have free TV and cable TV to watch the show. Aside from A2Z Channel 11 and Kapamilya Online Live, live streams are also available on KUMU and iWantTFC. On YouTube and Facebook, simultaneous airing of daily episodes is also available via Kapamilya Online Live. 24/7 live streams are made available worldwide through the Filipino-based streaming app, KUMU.
Bianca Gonzales, Melai Cantiveros, and Enchong host the KUMU Show
Those watching the show via KUMU won't have dead air to endure as last season's hosts, Gonzales, Cantiveros, and Dee, are coming back to host Pinoy Big Brother's KUMU feed. More than 80,000 watched the show live last night, which only suggests that the site's attention is overwhelming.
The show now airs at an earlier timeslot.
Avid followers no longer have to wait until late at night to know the hottest happenings inside the house. Airing of the daily episodes of the show is now every 5:45 PM on weekdays. Weekend airings, on the other hand, are every 7:00 PM on Saturdays and Sundays. Catch-up episodes are available on iWantTFC and Kapamilya Online Live.
These personalities are expected to shine amid tasks and missions that Kuya will ask them to fulfill in the coming weeks. Individuals with different characters and views are poised to clash with each other, and golden moments are most likely to be born out of their daily struggle inside the house.
Don't miss the exciting moments inside the house as the housemate strive to hide or reveal their true selves on Pinoy Big Brother Kumunity Season 10. PBB airs on A2Z, Kapamilya Channel, and Kapamilya Online Live.
The post 7 Reasons why you should watch Pinoy Big Brother Kumunity Season 10 appeared first on LionhearTV.
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Darya Domracheva has won tight 10km pursuit race in the Biathlon World Cup at Oslo, Norway.
This is 32nd victory in her career at the World Cup stages!
It's victory for @DaryaDomaracheva in #HOL18 who wins the 10km pursuit ahead of Anastasiya Kuzmina and @USBiathlon's @SusanDunklee who gets her first podium of the season.
A last-gasp attack of the Belarusian sport star saw her securing victory in 30:37.4 minutes with a shooting total of two.
Darya pulled away from Anastasiya Kuzmina, being 9.2 seconds ahead of her rival from Slovakia who totalled four.
Olympic gold medallist was 29.5 seconds ahead of American Susan Dunklee who took third place with a total of two.
This is 32nd victory for Darya in her sports career.
More victories at the World Cup stages belong only to Magdalena Neuner from Germany (34) and Magdalena Forsberg from Sweden (42).
Darya has been competing in the Biathlon World Cup since 2006.
In the 2014–2015 season Domracheva won the Overall World Cup title with 1092 points, 48 points more than second and twice winner Kaisa Mäkäräinen.
At the 2018 Winter Olympics she won a gold medal in the 4x6km relay and a silver medal in the mass start competition.


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Q: script tag returns 'not found' on newly written file I'm writing a webpage (in PHP / javascript) that is supposed to check whether jQuery.js exists at a certain location, write it to that location if it's not already there (by grabbing it from the internet), and then send the newly written jQuery to the client for use.  Right now I can't get this to happen on one load of the page.  I always have to refresh.
First, on the client side, I have:
<script type="text/javascript" src="script1.js"></script>

This script makes an AJAX call to the server, which checks for jQuery and writes it to disk if it's not there.  I make this an unusual synchronous AJAX call so the operation should finish before anything else happens.  Here's the relevant part of "script1.js". Since the call is synchronous, I don't have to check for when readyState is 4 and all that jazz.  The function should return only after the server reports back (right? Or is that wrong?).
var xmlhttp = getXmlhttp();  // gets an xmlhttp object appropriate to the browser.
xmlhttp.open("POST", "check_jQuery.php", false);  // 'false' for synchronous operation.
xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlhttp.send();
return;

Meanwhile on the server side ("check_jQuery.php") I've got:
if (!is_file("jQuery.js")) {
  file_put_contents("jQuery.js", file_get_contents($jQueryUrl));
}
while (!file_exists("jQuery.js")) sleep(1);

The while loop is a kludge to make sure that the function doesn't return until the file is well and truly written.  It does do that, but it doesn't seem to matter... Back on the client side, further down the page, I've got:
<script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery.js"></script>

But even if I put in an extra-long wait before returning from the server, the client-side script still fails to find jQuery.  If I reload the page however, it is found successfully.
So it seems like maybe the client is asking the server in advance whether the file exists, even though I'm trying to delay client-side execution until it does exist.  Interestingly, the 404 errors don't show up in the javascript debugger until after the server returns and well after the file has been successfully written.  Can someone explain why this is happening?  Is there a way to force the client to not ask for the file until after I've had a chance to write it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Like Facebook sheep to the slaughter (LIKE!)
On the bleat beat: Hackltivism BAAAAAAAAAD! (Image by James Good via Flickr)
Trembling, I type, joining a herd of quivering bloggers discussing Anonymous' revolving threat to "kill" Facebook on Nov. 5. That would be Guy Fawkes Day, which honors a British zealot who in 1605 was thwarted in a plot to blow up Westminster Palace and the politicians meeting within.
Bleat the sheep: Hacktivism baaaaaaad. Facebook LIKE!
Still, I'm having trouble sorting out the "sides" in what seems a battle for cyberspace dominance lately. As a journalist, I thought "free speech" was always the good guy. Yet online, the idea seems in test mode, as social-media conflagrations blur lines of good and evil.
Part 2: What IS Anonymous' beef with Facebook?
Part 3: Is there life beyond Facebook?
Egypt sets off a chain reaction.
Take the increasingly popular "flash mob." Once a vehicle for creativity and building community — e.g. stopping time in Times Square — it logically morphed into a tool of protest, e.g. Operation Hey Mackey, which took root in September 2009 at an Oakland Whole Foods to spotlight the "green" giant's CEO's seemingly hypocritical stance on health care.
Then from protest to revolution: Facebook famously provided the grid for the Mideast uprisings sown in Egypt in January, spreading democracy … we think. Taken to the extreme, flash mobs are becoming synonymous with crime — enter the looting gangs in Philadelphia and suburban D.C.
Can anarchy be far behind?
This past week, it looked like anarchy in San Francisco. Good vs. evil got blurrier as outrage over the July killing of a homeless man by Bay Area Rapid Transit system police escalated into scuffling protests that were, interestingly, incited by Anonymous and fueled by Facebook (on the same side?). In response, police shut down wireless access, clamping free speech — a blanket punishment to avert a blanket attack, confusing all of us about whose side the "authorities" are even on, and prompting compounded protests.
Confounding matters: Each "side" tries to blame the media for distorting its message … but who can even tell where media begin and end anymore? The "spin" on the Web is running rampant. I like to think of the news media as on the sidelines, as not having a side … but perhaps that exposes my naivete.
Here are two video messages representing two sides in the BART conflict. First, from "BART TV" — who knew? everyone has a channel! — with its "safety first" and "we're doing this for your own good," Brave New World feel:
Compare that to this creepy message from Anonymous:
Here's hoping Nov. 5 proves a case of Bloggers Cry Wolf … as we bloggers feel especially vulnerable.
Privately, what makes me laugh is: At some level, we are all on the same side — wanting to be safe, free in speech and will, and at times just left alone in peace and anonymity.
(For your sidebar entertainment, here is a man terrorized both at work and in his own home for exercising his free speech right to read: Burgess Meredith, in Part I of a classic Twilight Zone episode.)
August 21, 2011 Terry Byrne	anarchy, Anonymous, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Brave New World, Egypt, Facebook, flash mob, Guy Fawkes Day, hacktivism, Operation Hey Mackey, San Francisco, social media, Times Square, uprising, Whole Foods	Leave a comment


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Q: Constant sheaves on the étale site of a scheme I am learning étale cohomology with Tamme's book. When talking about example of abelian sheaves on the étale site, he mentions the following equality for an abelian group $A$ : let $A_X$ be the constant sheaf associated to $A$ on the étale site of $X$ and $X^{'}\to X$ an étale morphism of schemes, then
$A_X(X^{'})=\mathrm{Hom}_X(X^{'},\coprod_A X)=\prod_{\text{connected components of $X^{'}$}} A$
Now I checked the first equality, but I don't see how the second equality follows when the connected components of $X^{'}$ are not open.
A related question to this is, what are sufficient conditions that ensure that every étale $X$-scheme has finitely many connected components ? It is necessary that $X$ has finitely many connected components, is it also sufficient ? To reformulate, we can, by pulling back to a connected component of $X$, ask the following : if $X$ is a connected scheme, does every étale $X$-scheme have finitely many connected components ?
I suspect it is false, I think we can look for a connected scheme with an open subscheme that has infinitely many connected components (that is something similar to $\mathbf{Q}\subset\mathbf{R}$), but the counterexample must lie outside the noetherian world and so also out of my comfort zone.
What about when X is noetherian ? I had the vague impression that an étale  $X$-scheme should then be noetherian, but I'm not so sure about that anymore...

A: Regarding the first question, I've looked at the example Alex Youcis mentioned, that is $X=\mathrm{Spec}(B)$, $B=\prod_{\mathbb{N}}\mathbb{F}_2$ which is homeomorphic to $\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}$ ; on that space we have a topology that is totally disconnected (see Qiaochu Yuan's blog post on boolean rings). Then we take $A=\mathbb{F}_2$ and compute :

*

*$A_X(X)=\mathrm{Hom}_X(X,X\coprod X)=\mathrm{Hom}_B(B\times B,B)$.
Now a B-linear map $\varphi \colon B\times B \to B$ is characterized by the image of $e_1=(1,0)$ and $e_2=(0,1)$ (since as an $B$-module, $B\times B=B\oplus B$), which we denote by $f_1$ and $f_2$, satisying certain conditions so that it is a ring map : $f_1 + f_2 = 1$, $f_1f_2=0$. This means exactly that $f_1$ are $f_2$ are a pair of associated idempotents, and so choosing an idempotent in $B$ determines the pair. Now since every element of $B=\prod_{\mathbb{N}}\mathbb{F}_2$ is idempotent, we have a bijection $A_X(X))\simeq \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$.

*On the other hand, since $X$ is totally disconnected,
$\prod_{\text{connected components of $X$}}\mathbb{F}_2 \simeq \mathbb{F}_2^{\mathrm{card}(X)}=\mathbb{F}_2^{\{0,1\}^{\mathbf{N}}}\simeq \{0,1\}^{\{0,1\}^{\mathbf{N}}}$
which means the LHS is in bijection with the powerset of $A_X(X)$, so it can't be isomorphic to the latter.
As for the second question, I'll cite the answer given by Alex Youcis in the comments for completness :

This is an old chestnut of a question. The answer is that you're right--the second equality doesn't a priori hold for arbitrary $X$. Note though that if $X$ is Noetherian since any étale map $Y \to X$ is locally of finite presentation you know that $Y$ is locally Noetherian. It's certainly not Noetherian in general since something like $\coprod_i \mathrm{Spec}(L_i)\to\mathrm{Spec}(K)$ is étale where the index set can be arbitrary. But, as this example shows, note that if $Y \to X$ is étale then we can get an étale cover of Y of the form $\coprod_i U_i\to Y$ where $U_i$ are Noetherian opens inside of $Y$. Then, on $\coprod_i U_i$ the desired equality does hold since each of the $U_i$ are Noetherian. So, if $X$ is Noetherian you have a cofinal system of étale covers for which the desired equality does hold, which is usually good enough in practice.

Edit : Actually if $X$ is only locally Noetherian, any étale $X$-scheme is also locally Noetherian, hence has open connected components since it is locally connected. Indeed, pick an étale $X$-scheme $Y$, $Y_0$ a connected component of $Y$ and $y\in Y_0$. Then $y$ has an affine open noetherian neighbourhood $U$, and $U$ is the finite union of its connected components, which must thus be open, and $y$ must belong to one of them, say $V$. Then $V$ has to be a subset of $Y_0$ and is open in $Y$.


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Home Free Essays Example Physics Essay
Example Physics Essay
The Motion of a Mass Spring System
The example of a mass attached to the end of a spring is a powerful tool in physics due to the fact that it is analogous to many physical phenomena. To be able to use this example to elegantly describe other more complex systems it is crucial to first fully understand how this simple system works itself.
The force acting on a mass attached to a spring at a given position is given by (Serway, 2003: 437).
F= -kx (Eqn 1)
This equation may be derived from Newton's Second Law of motion, which states that the force on a mass is proportional to the rate of change in momentum.
A mass and spring system can be described as a Simple Harmonic Oscillator and there are some fundamental equations that govern the motion of such a system (Serway, 2003: 436).
ω= √(k/m) (Eqn 2)
Equation two shows how the angular frequency (ω=2π*frequency) of an object oscillating due to it being fixed to a spring that is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. k is a constant, known as the spring constant that is defined by the properties of the spring. k can be easily determined experimentally for a given spring by changing the mass attached to the spring and measuring the frequency. Due to the periodic nature of such a system as that which can be described using equations one and two, they are known to be in simple harmonic motion.
The motion of a particle over time is described effectively by a cosine wave (Serway, 2003: 436; Hayek , 2003; 562).
x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ) (Eqn 3)
Equation three shows how this motion can be mapped over time where A is the amplitude of the oscillation, and ϕ is a term to correct the phase. This can be plotted to show how the mass and spring system will move over time.
The figure above shows how a mass on a spring will behave in a frictionless universe while obeying Newton's First Law of motion. A useful trait of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator is that the equations for the velocity and the acceleration are easily derived from that of the position equation (Serway, 2003: 436).
V(t)=-Aω.sin(ωt) (Eqn 4)
a(t)= -Aω² cos(ωt) (Eqn 5)
For brevity the phase term (ϕ) has been omitted from these two equations as it can be assumed that phase is the same. These two equations give valuable insight into the nature of as mass on a spring and how its velocity and acceleration is linked. The interesting thing to note is that velocity is governed by a sine waveform, yet acceleration is dependent on the cosine waveform. What this means is that when the particle on the spring has minimum velocity it will have maximum acceleration, it also means that when the mass is travelling at its maximum velocity it has minimum (possibly zero) acceleration.
Realistically however, most situations where a simple harmonic oscillator may be applied will involve a resistive force of some description, such as friction in the case of a mass on a spring. The effect this has on the motion of the mass and the spring system can be seen in the figure below.
It is clear to see on the above figure that the presence of friction causes the amplitude of the oscillation to decay over time. This effect is known as damping. In a damped system that has no external force driving the oscillation itself, the rate at which the oscillation decreases is directly proportional to the resistive force being applied to it. The damping force is at its greatest when the particle is moving at its fastest velocity and at a minimum when the acceleration is at a maximum. There are three types of damping in an oscillatory system, underdamping, over-damping and critically damped. Underdamped is where the amplitude of the decay envelope does not decay rapidly. Critically damped systems are the fastest to return to equilibrium and will have a decay envelope that allows one oscillation over the entire damping period and will decay towards zero rapidly during this period. Over-damping occurs when there are no oscillations (as seen in critical damping) however there is an infinite time to return to equilibrium (Hayek , 2003; 567). The equation which describes this damped oscillation is given by:
F= -kx-l dx/dt (Eqn 6)
Here the original equation for the force is extended by a first order differential term relating to the change in the velocity due to the damping constant l. Equation six is able to be expanded into a more useful form by applying Newton's Second Law, which gives:
(d² x)/(dt² )+2Dω_0 dx/dt+ω_0² x=0 (Eqn 7)
This equation now contains a first and second order differential equation relating to the velocity and acceleration respectively of the particle. Equation seven looks to be much more complex than that of equation six, however it is now in a considerably more useful form as it allows to see equation six in terms of the angular frequency of the system. D is the damping ratio and is given by D= l/(2√mk) , taking into account the damping coefficient, the spring constant and the mass of the particle.
To fully understand the motion of the mass and spring system there must be consideration of the energy within the system. This may be done with the help of some simple drawings. The blue lines indicate the spring and the solid red block with a blue border indicates the mass.
From the figures it is possible to imagine stretching the spring, this means that there is a force acting on the mass and if it is held at this stretched point (x) the mass will have a potential energy U. should the mass be released from this point it will have a maximum velocity Vmax and a maximum Kinetic energy KEmax. The total energy in the system at any one point in time is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies.
E(t)=KE+U (Eqn 8)
E(t)=1/2 m〖v(t)〗²+1/2 k〖x(t)〗² (Eqn 9)
By substituting the formulae for velocity and position (equations three and four) into the energy equation it is possible to simplify this further.
E(t)= 1/2 kA² [〖sin(ωt)〗²+〖cos(ωt)〗² ] (Eqn 10)
E(t)=1/2 kA² (Eqn 11)
The elegance of this simple algebra is that for an oscillating mass on a spring the energy in the system at any given point in time is completely independent of time. If there are dissipative or driving affects occurring during the oscillations then the amount of energy in the system will change, however for a closed system this fact holds true.
This equation occurs in many areas of physics, for much more complex systems than a single mass on a spring. These equations can be applied to pendulums, resonant electrical circuits (RLC circuits) (Mispelter, 2006: 35) such as those used to detect Radio and TV signals, or even in quantum mechanics and the time independent Schrodinger equation, where it is found that a quantum harmonic oscillator, such as a particle in a potential well (Schrödinger, 1926: 1054), is one of the few quantum mechanical problems that it is possible to find analytical answers for. If the Hamiltonian for such a system is examined it is shown that its structure is very similar to that of equation nine (Schrödinger, 1926: 1057; Levitt, 2012: 144).
H ̂= p ̂/2m+1/2 mω² x ̂² (Eqn 12)
p ̂ is the momentum operator that forms the kinetic half of the Hamiltonian and x ̂ is the position operator which calculates the potential part of the Hamiltonian (Schrödinger, 1926: 1052). It is obvious that the simple classical physics still applies to this quantum system.
These are some of the situations where this type of motion is observed and the table shows how the equations are manipulated to fit the system under examination ( Hayek , 2003; 562; Mispelter, 2006: 38; Dirac, 1958: 108; Boylsestad, 2010: 871).
In conclusion the mass and spring system's motion is elegantly described by some simple mathematics that can be manipulated to suit systems that have external forces acting on the motion of the system. The beauty of this is that the mathematics can then be applied to much more complex systems.
Boylestad, Robert. (2010) Intrductory Circuit Analysis, 12th edition. Pearson.
Dirac, P. A. M. (1958). The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition. Oxford University Press
Hayek, S. I. 2003. Mechanical Vibration and Damping. Encyclopaedia of Applied Physics.
Levitt, M. (2012). Spin Dynamics, Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Mispelter, J. (2006) NMR probeheads for biophysical and biomedical experiments: theoretical principles & practical guidelines. Imperial College Press.
Schrödinger, E. (1926). "An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules". Phys. Rev. 28 (6) pp 1049-1070.
Serway, R. A., Jewett, J. W., & Serway, R. A. (n.d.). Physics for scientists and engineers, with modern physics. Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
Data Security | Example IT Information Technology Essay
Intangible Assets | Example Finance Essay


That makes the opah (Lampris guttatus) the first warm-blooded fish ever discovered. Most fish are exotherms, meaning they require heat from the environment to stay toasty. The opah, as an endotherm, keeps its own temperature elevated even as it dives to chilly depths of 1,300 feet (396 meters) in temperate and tropical oceans around the world.
"Increased temperature speeds up physiological processes within the body," study leader Nicholas Wegner, a biologist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries' Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla, California, told Live Science. "As a result, the muscles can contract faster, the temporal resolution of the eye is increased, and neurological transmissions are sped up. This results in faster swimming speeds, better vision and faster response times."
Researchers first suspected that something might be strange about the opah after analyzing a sample of the fish's gill tissue. According to the new study, published Thursday in the journal Science, the blood vessels in the tissue are set up so that the vessels carrying cool, oxygenated blood from the gills to the body are in contact with the vessels carrying warm, deoxygenated blood from the body to the gills. As a result, the outgoing blood warms up the incoming blood, a process called counter-current heat exchange.
"There has never been anything like this seen in a fish's gills before," Wegner said in a statement. "This is a cool innovation by these animals that gives them a competitive edge. The concept of counter-current heat exchange was invented in fish long before [humans] thought of it."
Warm blood gives deep-sea fish a boost, according to Wegner. The opah's muscles and nervous system likely function faster than an equivalent fish with cold blood. Other deep-diving fish, such as tuna and some sharks can shunt blood to certain body parts to keep them warm during deep dives. But these fish have to swim up out of the depths frequently to prevent their organs from shutting down.
"Nature has a way of surprising us with clever strategies where you least expect them," Wegner said in a statement. "It's hard to stay warm when you're surrounded by cold water, but the opah has figured it out."
Next, Wegner told Live Science, he and his colleagues want to study Lampris immaculatus, the opah's southern cousin. This fish, the southern opah, lives in colder waters than the northern opah, so it would be harder to keep warm, Wegner said -- but even more beneficial.
Were dinosaurs warm- or cold- blooded?


text:
The girl-child: A sociological view on the problems of girl-child education in Nigeria
Author: T. Alabi, M. Bahah, S. O. Alabi
Publisher: European Scientific Journal
eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/2601/2462
The unequal treatment of boys and girls in Nigeria's education system cannot be separated from the unequal treatment of men and women in wider society. Being born and growing up as a girl in a developing society like Nigeria is akin to a curse due to contempt and ignominy received from family, in school and from society at large. The cumulative effects of these discriminatory, exploitative, and unjust treatments have profound negative impacts on education opportunities available to girl-children, which in turn contributes to perpetuating the patriarchal and sexist society beyond the world of youth and education.
This paper therefore examines the general problems facing the girl-child, in particular the challenges facing them in terms of education opportunities in Nigeria. To do so, the authors conducted a literature review of published and internet sources using a radical feminist theory that places patriarchy as the primary cause of exploitation of women and girls. Patriarchal structures that contribute to this exploitation are discussed, including the gendered nature of paid vs unpaid work, violence, household relations, and the state, as well as the distinction between private and public patriarchy.
The paper revealed some the cultural and traditional beliefs and practices in Nigeria which constitute major barriers to the education opportunities of girl-children. Particular problems faced by girl-children in Nigeria that directly impact their access to and quality of education are identified and discussed, including: family abuse and domestic violence; sexual abuse; rejection and neglect, often from the moment of birth due to disappointment that the baby is not a boy; genital mutilation; forced and early marriage; victims of suspicion of witchcraft; girl-child homicide; inducement to prostitution; and child labour.
The authors note that the problems thus described are intolerable, and contrary to the rights of the girl-child to a reasonable quality of life and access to education, and to intergenerational obligations. Furthermore, such exploitation and infringements of girls human rights work against the nation and society as a whole, holding back development for all. The authors conclude by suggesting some ways of enhancing girl-child education through a holistic approach, including:
Individuals, organisations and government agencies must aggressively pursue programmes directed at increasing girl child rights, privileges, and opportunities
The Nigerian government should strengthen the power of relevant agencies in protecting child rights and enhancing their opportunities, and ensure parents from rural areas are enlightened on the need to educate and reduce biases against the girl child.
The provision of safe and supportive educational environments is needed, free from abuse, with separate toilet facilities and safe drinking water.
The school curriculum should be revised to ensure gender and cultural sensitivity, and to include life skills, HIV/AIDS education, citizenship and conflict resolution elements.


text:
Q: Interpretation of simulation of chi-square distribution? I created a simulation study of distribution of $n$ values in an $m$-dimensional table under the assumption that the true distribution is uniform. The goal is to find out why we should be careful about using the Chi-square test when the expected number of elements per cell is small.  (The results are below.)
If I am not mistaken, the density plot of 20 values in an 8-dimensional table has "holes" in it because there are comparatively little possible combinations of 20 elements across 8 cells. However, I do not understand why does this cast doubt about the validity of the chi-square test? In both cases, the empirical chi-square distribution follows the shape of the theoretical chi-square distribution, and in both cases the empirical and theoretical mean and variance closely align.
Could anybody help me with relating the results of my simulation to the general idea about chi-square tests?


text:
British regulator bans Binance operations in the UK
The United Kingdom's financial control body, known as Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) prohibited Binance Markets Limited from carrying out any financial activity that requires regulation in the country, without its authorization.
The information was published on June 26, 2021 on the website of the regulatory body through a letter in which the FCA reports the following:
( … ) due to the imposition of requirements by the FCA, Binance Markets Limited is not currently authorized to conduct any regulated activity without the prior written consent of the FCA.
The statement of the British body also pointed out that no other Binance Group entity has any type of authorization, registration or licence in the United Kingdom to carry out regulated activities in that country. In addition, he warned that the Binance Group appears to be offering UK customers a range of products and services through a website, Binance.com.
It is worth remembering that the exchange platform recently requested to become a registered cryptocurrency company, as required of British institutions that offer digital asset services. However, the exchange it withdrew that request last month due to strict criteria of the regulatory body when approving practices to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism.
Among the actions undertaken by the FCA, the regulator has established that Binance has until next Wednesday 30 June to post on its website that it does not have its permission to carry out regulated activities in the UK.
In this way it must "secure and preserve all records and / or information (…) relating to all customers in the country from its systems" and put an end to any type of advertising and financial promotions.
In 2020, the FCA unveiled its new regulation prohibiting the sale of cryptocurrency derivatives such as options, futures, and publicly traded notes. Source: Binance / wikipedia.org
Not the first warning Binance receives
The danger of trading crypto assets had been warned in advance by the FCA. Binance was established a year ago as part of a larger group to launch a platform in the UK, Binance UK. In order to be able to operate in that country, the platform bought a financial company that was already registered with the regulator. The operation was approved by the FCA last June.
This is not the first time Binance has received a warning for offering products and services to citizens without permission, as Crypto News reported on October 7, 2020. On that date, the FCA stated that its new regulation prohibited the sale of derivatives such as options, futures and publicly traded notes "which refer to transferable crypto assets not regulated by companies operating in or from the United Kingdom."
The regulator's warning seems contradictory, as Binance he has helped UK police investigate a $ 50 million fraud. The fact was published last June 24 in the blog of the exchange, highlighting that he had received a letter of praise from the Regional Organized Crime Unit Southeast of the United Kingdom.
As reported by this media, the main cryptocurrency exchange by volume of operations assured that it had offered its support to the British police force. Thus, they managed to arrest to a cybercriminal who sold phishing tools that resulted in the theft of millions of pounds.
The FCA notice adds another warning made by Japan this week, and to the one made last April by the financial regulator of Germany, BaFin. The platform is also under scrutiny by regulators in other countries, including the United States. Binance also announced last Friday the closure of its operations in Ontario (Canada), without specifying a specific reason.
These bitcoin services in Spain begin to monitor all your transactions
the new French proposal
BlockFi banned from accepting new customers in New Jersey


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Status code
Defined range
100–101 200–206 300–305 400–415 500–505
APPENDIX B HTTP Status Codes
This appendix is a quick reference of HTTP status codes and their meanings.
Status Code Classifications
HTTP status codes are segmented into five classes, shown in Table B-1.
Table B-1. Status code classifications
100–199 Informational 200–299 Successful 300–399 Redirection 400–499 Client error 500–599 Server error
Status Codes
TableB-2isaquickreferenceforallthestatuscodesdefinedintheHTTP/1.1speci- fication, providing a brief summary of each. "Status Codes" in Chapter 3 goes into more detailed descriptions of these status codes and their uses.
Table B-2. Status codes
100 101
200 OK
201 Created
An initial part of the request was received, and the client should continue.
The server is changing protocols, as specified by the client, to one listed in the Upgrade header.
The request is okay.
The resource was created (for requests that create server objects).
Reason phrase
Continue Switching Protocols
Category
Meaning
505
Table B-2. Status codes (continued)
Status code
Reason phrase
Accepted
Non-Authoritative Information
No Content Reset Content Partial Content
Multiple Choices
Moved Permanently Found
See Other Not Modified Use Proxy
(Unused) Temporary Redirect
Meaning
202 203
204 205
206 300
301 302
303
304
305
306 307
400 401
402
403 404 405
406
407
Bad Request Unauthorized
Payment Required
Forbidden
Not Found
Method Not Allowed
Not Acceptable
Proxy Authentication Required
The request was accepted, but the server has not yet performed any action with it.
The transaction was okay, except the information contained in the entity headers was not from the origin server, but from a copy of the resource.
The response message contains headers and a status line, but no entity body.
Another code primarily for browsers; basically means that the browser should clear any HTML form elements on the current page.
A partial request was successful.
A client has requested a URL that actually refers to multiple resources. This code is returned along with a list of options; the user can then select which one he wants.
The requested URL has been moved. The response should contain a Location URL indicating where the resource now resides.
Like the 301 status code, but the move is temporary. The client should use the URL given in the Location header to locate the resource temporarily.
Tells the client that the resource should be fetched using a different URL. This new URL is in the Location header of the response message.
Clients can make their requests conditional by the request headers they include. This code indicates that the resource has not changed.
The resource must be accessed through a proxy, the location of the proxy is given in the Location header.
This status code currently is not used.
Like the 301 status code; however, the client should use the URL given in the Location header to locate the resource temporarily.
Tells the client that it sent a malformed request.
Returned along with appropriate headers that ask the client to authenticate itself before it can gain access to the resource.
Currently this status code is not used, but it has been set aside for future use.
The request was refused by the server. The server cannot find the requested URL.
A request was made with a method that is not supported for the requested URL. The Allow header should be included in the response to tell the client what methods are allowed on the requested resource.
Clients can specify parameters about what types of entities they are willing to accept. This code is used when the server has no resource matching the URL that is acceptable for the client.
Like the 401 status code, but used for proxy servers that require authentication for a resource.
506 |
Appendix B: HTTP Status Codes
Table B-2. Status codes (continued)
Status code
Reason phrase
Request Timeout
Conflict Gone
Length Required
Precondition Failed
Request Entity Too Large Request URI Too Long Unsupported Media Type Requested Range Not Satisfiable Expectation Failed
Internal Server Error
Not Implemented Bad Gateway
Service Unavailable Gateway Timeout
HTTP Version Not Supported
Meaning
408 If a client takes too long to complete its request, a server can send back this status code and close down the connection.
409 The request is causing some conflict on a resource.
410 Like the 404 status code, except that the server once held the resource.
411 Servers use this code when they require a Content-Length header in the request message. The server will not accept requests for the
resource without the Content-Length header.
412 If a client makes a conditional request and one of the conditions fails, this response code is returned.
413 The client sent an entity body that is larger than the server can or wants to process.
414 The client sent a request with a request URL that is larger than what the server can or wants to process.
415 The client sent an entity of a content type that the server does not understand or support.
416 The request message requested a range of a given resource, and that range either was invalid or could not be met.
417 The request contained an expectation in the Expect request header that could not be satisfied by the server.
500 The server encountered an error that prevented it from servicing the request.
501 The client made a request that is beyond the server's capabilities.
502 A server acting as a proxy or gateway encountered a bogus response from the next link in the request response chain.
503 The server cannot currently service the request but will be able to in the future.
504 Similar to the 408 status code, except that the response is coming from a gateway or proxy that has timed out waiting for a response
to its request from another server.
505 The server received a request in a version of the protocol that it can't or won't support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2. Remove the hard cores from the parsnips and chop.
3. Place in a bowl, add the ham and mix well.
4. Pile into a lightly greased 2 pint (1.2 L) ovenproof dish.
5. Arrange the tomatoes on top, sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste.
6. Put the Cheddar cheese and Parmesan cheese in a bowl, add the bread crumbs, stirring well, then sprinkle over the parsnips.
7. Bake in the oven for 45 minutes until the parsnips are tender and the top is crisp and golden brown.


text:
com - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com
The domain name com is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Added in 1985, its name is derived from the word commercial...
mail.google.com
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Facebook - Log In or Sign Up
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Create an account or log into Facebook. Connect with friends, family and other people you know. Share photos and videos, send messages and get updates.
Com | Definition of Com at Dictionary.com
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/com-
Com definition, a cable television channel. Then after 9/11 and the Dot Com Crash, the money for a lot of the tech consulting she was doing in New York City dried up.
Search | com.com
https://com.com/
Coming Soon. © Copyright 2021 com.com.
Чемпионат.com: новости спорта - Чемпионат
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© championat.com 2000-2021.
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Play chess online for free on Chess.com with over 50 million members from around the world. Have fun playing with friends or challenging the computer!
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Welcome to Amazon.com. If you prefer a simplified shopping experience, try the mobile web version of Amazon at www.amazon.com/access.
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Technologies About Yandex Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact us Copyright Notice© Yandex.
Вход в Office 365 | Microsoft Office
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blobs.officehome.msocdn.com. {"diskPreloadEnabled":true,"enabled":true,"pilotFlights":[],"serviceWorkerAllowedFlights":["cacheshell"...
IMDb: Ratings, Reviews, and Where to Watch the Best Movies & TV...
© 1990- 2021 by IMDb.com, Inc.


In this video you will learn how to change out the hard drive to get even more storage capacity from your Sony Playstation 3. The PS3 takes any 2.5 serial ATA hard drive, which is your basic laptop computer hard drive. To switch this out begin by looking at the base of your PS3, here you will see a cover with the label "detach this cover to remove hard drive". Remove this cover with a flat head screwdriver to reveal the hard drive. You will see 3 screws on the hard drive, use a Philips head screwdriver to unscrew only the blue screw in the middle. Next flip the silver lever and pull your hard drive to the front of your system and pull out. To install your new hard drive first remove the screws from the mounting bracket on the old hard drive, slide the hard drive out and replace it with your new hard drive then replace the screws in the mounting bracket. Once the new hard drive is secure in the mounting bracket, replace the new hard drive using the same steps in reverse as you used in the removal of your stock hard drive. Now when you start your new PS3 your system will walk you through the steps to format your hard drive and enjoy the extra storage!


Earthshine is the bluish light from the Earth reflecting off the crescent Moon.
The new Planetarium and Space Discovery Centre will be among the country's most advanced science education facilities. Combining state-of-the-art technology, hands-on learning and a staff of educators, the new Planetarium and Space Discovery Centre will take visitors on an educational adventure to the far reaches of space to explore the starry night sky or voyage to a distant galaxy. It will also be able to take audiences back to discovery Earth's history or into modern science by exploring the strands of a DNA molecule. Students and families will be transformed by the immensity and beauty of our planet and universe.
Astronomy permeates the history, philosophy, mythology and religion of almost every culture in Canada. With the increase in popularity of space exploration activities and discoveries, astronomy and space sciences have attained a high level of interest with people from all walks of life. Students, in particular, have an almost natural interest in astronomy. This interest makes astronomy and space a perfect vehicle for teaching and inspiring students to learn about science.