Ford (NYSE:F) posted its best-ever pretax profit in 2015 amid surging U.S. sales, and the automaker is looking for another strong year in 2016.
Ford said Thursday its global pretax earnings for the full year climbed 48% to $10.8 billion, driven by demand for its pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles in North America. Ford believes its 2016 results will be equal to or higher than 2015.
Detroit's Big Three manufacturers have benefited from cheaper gasoline prices—in addition to low interest rates—that have accelerated a consumer shift to trucks and SUVs, which generate higher profits than passenger cars. On Wednesday, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (NYSE:FCAU) said trucks and SUVs fueled faster-than-expected growth in its profit margins last year, while North America accounted for 82% of its adjusted fourth-quarter earnings.
Ford achieved $9.3 billion in earnings before taxes in North America for the full year, a gain of $1.9 billion. Ford's operating margin in the region was 10.2%, up from 9% the year before.
Ford sees the potential for another record year for U.S. sales. The Dearborn, Mich.-based company forecasted total U.S. industry volume of 17.5 million to 18.5 million vehicles in 2016, compared to 2015's record of 17.47 million. Fiat Chrysler expects 2015 and 2016 to mark peak years for North American sales volume.
China, despite economic jitters, also boosted Ford's bottom line last year. Ford said its Asia Pacific pretax profit set an all-time high at $765 million. During a conference call with analysts, CEO Mark Fields said China's move to reduce its purchase tax on cars should continue to provide a tailwind for sales this year.
The company swung to profitability in Europe for the first time since 2011. South America remained a weak spot, and Ford is bracing for a wider pretax loss in 2016.
Earlier this week, Ford announced that it would exit Japan and Indonesia. U.S. car companies have shuttered operations in several unprofitable markets to focus on other areas like North America and China.


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If the investment is equal, is it necessary for the profit to be shared equally?
What have respected Islamic scholars ruled on the following issue? If somebody enters into partnership with somebody else in such a way that they make an equal investment, but one of them works in the business and takes seventy-five percent (75%) of the profit and the other person who doesn't work in it takes twenty-five percent (25%) of the profit, is it permissible to do this?
Yes! In the asked situation, the person who works in the business can get a higher ratio in profit with mutual understanding. There is no harm in it. In Bahar-e-Shari'at, it is mentioned: 'If both people have created a partnership such that both will invest in the business, but only one person will work and the profit will be shared by both and profit will be shared according to the investment or it will be equally shared or the one who works in the business will get more profit, it is permissible. And if the person who does not work gets more profit, the partnership is impermissible'. (Bahar-e-Shari'at, vol. 2, pp. 499)
Is it allowed to sell sacred texts as scrap?
What have respected Islamic scholars ruled on the following issue? We buy notebooks, scrap papers and other papers etc. from a company at the rate of seventeen (17) rupees and sell it at the rate of nineteen (19) rupees. If we deposit fifty thousand (50,000) rupees with the company, we will get scrap papers at the rate of 12 to 13 rupees. In this way, we can make a very good profit. Is it lawful to do so?
The first question is, 'What kind of scrap are you buying?' Islamiyat [Religious] books will have Ayaat (Holy verses) and Ahadees, similarly, Urdu books also have topics related to religion and a lot of material is comprised of religious texts; how can buying and selling of such material as scrap be permissible in Shari'ah? Many newspapers have Ayaat, their translations, Ahadees and other Holy sayings written on them. And it is such a great insensitivity that Muslims use these papers with Holy writings at places where they are not treated with respect, at all; although, even the letters alone are worthy of respect. As A'la Hadrat, Imam of Ahl-e-Sunnah, Maulana Shah Imam Ahmad Raza Khan رَضِىَ اللّٰهُ عَـنْهُ says: 'Our religious scholars have clarified that the letters alone are respectable even when separately written, as on a slate or tablet, even if they are used to write a bad name like Pharaoh, Abu Jahl, etc. The letters are to be respected, although, the names of these unbelievers are deserving of disrespect and disgrace. The alphabets are those Words of Allah that were revealed to Sayyiduna Hood عَـلَيْـهِ الـسَّـلَام'. (Fatawa-e-Razawiyyah, vol. 23, pp. 336, 337) In the above case, when it is clear that the scrap will be sold to fritter hawkers and retailers who will make a paper bag out of it and sell items in it, then there will be no respect for the writing there. There is a commandment of respecting even the alphabets, and if the writing is comprised of religious text, there must be even more respect for it. Therefore, firstly, consider what you do in your business and act on what has been said. But let's assume it is not about scrap paper; rather it is something else, even then it is not permissible for the buyer to deposit a large amount of money with the seller and to get the material at a lower price for this reason. The deposited amount is a loan and the discount given because of loan is interest. Therefore, this method is not permissible
Is it allowed to take a wage in advance?
What have respected Islamic scholars ruled on the following issue? I am an auto-rickshaw driver and pick up and drop off school children. We take the fee in advance. Is it lawful to take the fee like this?
In the presented scenario, taking fees in advance is permissible, because the amount received as fare is your wage and fares and wages can be taken in advance. Therefore, if all the involved people [both parties] are agreed on it, there is no harm in it.
A well-known book 'Hidayah' in the Hanafi Fiqh states:
الاجرۃ لا تجب بالعقد و تستحق باحدی معانی ثلٰثۃ اما بشرط التعجیل او بالتعجیل من غیر شرط او باستیفاء المعقود علیہ
Translation: A wage does not become obligatory only on the basis of contract, rather, if any of the three conditions is fulfilled, the wage becomes obligatory; either it is stipulated (in the contract) to pay the wage in advance or the wage is paid in advance without any condition or the work is completed. (Hidayah Aakhirayn, pp. 297, published in Lahore)
In Bahar-e-Shari'at, it is written: 'There are a few conditions in which a person becomes the owner of wage:
1. The wage is paid right after an agreement is reached and the receiver becomes the owner of it, i.e. the giver has no right to take it back,
2. If payment in advance has been set as a condition, the demand for the wage before the work is justified.
3. Or benefit has been derived, e.g. there is a house and somebody lives in it for a specified time, or a piece of cloth was given to a tailor for sewing, and he has sewn it,
The thing is given to the tenant, if he wants to take benefit of it, he can, but if he doesn't, it is his choice, e.g., the possession of house is given to him; or an employee is present at the workplace and is ready to work, but he is not called for work, even then he deserves the wage. (Bahar-e-Shari'at, vol. 3, pp. 110).
وَاللہُ اَعْلَمُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ وَ رَسُوْلُہٗ اَعْلَم صَلَّی اللّٰہُ عَلَیْہِ واٰلِہٖ وَسَلَّم
If a person in debt dies, how will the debt be paid?
What have respected Islamic scholars ruled on the following issue? If an indebted person [i.e. one who is in debt] dies, what is the command regarding the repayment of debt?
If an indebted person dies and leaves behind belongings and valuables, his debt will be repaid from the inheritance left by him. When somebody dies, three things will have to be done using his belongings and valuables.
1. His shrouding and burial expenses will be paid. Generally, friends, loved ones and relatives arrange for this without demanding any compensation, this is fine too; however, if the wife dies and her husband is alive, her shrouding and burial expenses will not be paid from her wealth, rather it will be obligatory for the husband to pay these expenses.
2. Second, the debts of the deceased person will be paid from his/her belongings.
3. After deducting the expenses of shrouding and burial and after paying off the debts, if there's a permissible will, it will be fulfilled from one third part of the inheritance. After this, the remaining amount will be divided amongst the inheritors, according to their stipulated shares.
How important the payment of debt is can be realized by noticing that the inheritors will only divide their shares after the debts are cleared. Since the debt was a liability of the deceased, the inheritance cannot be distributed before the repayment of debt. If the deceased has not left anything behind, it is not binding on the inheritors to repay the debts, but they are advised to do it by themselves for him.
Is it allowed to buy meat from a shop of Non-Muslim?
What have respected Islamic scholars ruled on the following issue? Is it allowed to buy meat from the shop of a non-Muslim?
If the owner is non-Muslim, the Muslim cannot buy meat from his shop. Imam of Ahl-e-Sunnah A'la Hadrat رَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْه was asked, in Fatawa-e-Razawiyyah: A Muslim, despite being advised, ignores a Muslim butcher's shop, and, out of his old stubbornness, wants to buy meat from Hindu Khatkon (a caste); what is your ruling on this issue? He رَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْه answered: 'Such a person is the consumer of Haram food, doer of Haram deed, deserving of torment from the Lord and deserving of punishment of fire.' (Fatawa-e-Razawiyyah, vol. 20, pp. 282)
اَوَاللہُ اَعْلَمُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ وَ رَسُوْلُہٗ اَعْلَم صَلَّی اللّٰہُ عَلَیْہِ واٰلِہٖ وَسَلَّم

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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[VIRTUAL] The Common Room: Managing Political Difference on the Virtual Campus
Friday, October 30, 2020 | 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm ET
An online event hosted by PEN America's Campus Free Speech Program.
The 2020 general election is unlike any other. Understanding how campuses can facilitate respectful and productive dialogue across political differences will be key during this tense time, but doing so virtually presents additional challenges. What can faculty, administrators, and staff do now to prepare for the difficult dialogues that lie ahead?
Join Jonathan Friedman, director of PEN America's campus free speech program, for an interactive forum to discuss this issue and possible responses from the higher ed sector. Friedman will be joined by guests Vicka Bell-Robinson, director of residence life at Miami University, and Sigal Ben-Porath, professor of education at the University of Pennsylvania.
The Common Room is a weekly series for faculty, administrators, staff, and students to explore issues at the intersection of free speech, academic freedom, diversity, and inclusion in higher education. PEN America Members, supporters, and friends, including the general public, are invited to attend.
Jonathan Friedman is the program director for campus free speech at PEN America, where he oversees PEN America's advocacy, analysis, and outreach in the national debate around free speech and inclusion in higher education. He served as lead author on PEN America's 2019 report, Chasm in the Classroom: Campus Free Speech in a Divided America, and on the production of its digital Campus Free Speech Guide. Friedman holds a PhD in international education from New York University, and he has previously received awards for his teaching, research, and leadership.
Vicka Bell-Robinson (she, her, hers) has worked professionally in higher education for the last 17 years, and is currently the director of residence life at Miami University. Prior to joining Miami University in 2007, she held positions at North Central College and Ball State University. She has a bachelor of science in psychology from the University of Illinois, a master of education in college student personnel from Grand Valley State University, and a doctor of philosophy in educational leadership from Miami University. Bell-Robinson strives to lead with intention and believes that one of the most important things she can do is work to be the best leader possible for the students we serve. She values creating powerful and effective co-curricular experiences for college students, while simultaneously providing leadership, vision, and support for staff. She does this through developing meaningful partnerships and utilizing data-driven decision-making in order to evolve approaches to on-campus living, student development, and organizational management to be in alignment with student needs and shifting priorities.
Sigal Ben-Porath (she, her, hers) is professor of education, with secondary appointments in philosophy and political science, at the University of Pennsylvania. She is a 2020–21 fellow at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. She received her doctorate in political philosophy from Tel-Aviv University in 2000, after which she joined Princeton University's Center for Human Values as a post-doctoral fellow. Her areas of research include democratic theory, education policy at the K-12 and higher education levels, and educational ethics. She recently published the books Free Speech on Campus (Penn Press, 2017) and Making Up Our Mind (with Michael Johanek, University of Chicago Press, 2019). Her previous books include Citizenship under Fire: Democratic Education in Times of Conflict (2006) and Tough Choices (2010), both from Princeton University Press. She serves on the board of the Mitchell Center for the Study of Democracy, as well as the Teachers Institute of Philadelphia. She chaired Penn's Committee on Open Expression from 2015 to 2019. In recent years, she has offered guidance to many campuses on policy development and responses to controversies surrounding speech.
Event Type: Digital EventTags: 2020 election, american politics, campus, campus free speech, college, election, free speech, higher ed, higher education, Jonathan Friedman, political difference, politics, Sigal Ben-Porath, The Common Room, U.S. election, university, Vicka Bell-RobinsonGenre: Event


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All CISAC Publications
Israel's 1979 Nuclear Test and the U.S. Cover-Up
Leonard Weiss
Middle East Policy Journal, Vol. 18, page(s): 83-95
First paragraph of the article:
In the wake of the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty, the United States launched a series of satellites under the name Vela (after a constellation in the southern hemisphere sometimes called "the sails" because of its configuration). The Vela satellites were designed to monitor compliance with the treaty by detecting clandestine nuclear tests either in space or in the atmosphere. The first such satellite was launched in 1963, the last in 1969. They operated by measuring X-rays, neutrons and gamma rays, and, in the case of the more advanced units, emissions of light using two photodiode sensors called bhangmeters (derived from the Indian word for cannabis). These satellites had a nominal life of seven years, after which the burden of detection was to be shifted to a new series of satellites under the Defense Support Program (DSP), equipped with infra-red detectors designed to pick up missile launches as well as nuclear tests. The Vela satellites, however, kept operating long past the end of their nominal design life and one of them, designated Vela 6911, detected an event on September 22, 1979, that has become a subject of intense interest ever since.
Publication Materials
Complete Download pdf
Nuclear Risk
All FSI Publications


Obsidian announced that their upcoming title, The Outer Worlds, will release on the Epic Games Store and Windows Store at launch. And it will be released on other digital platforms 12 months later.
By signing up to Halo Insider Program, players can get opportunities to access in-development Halo games and provide feedback to the development teams.
Become a Halo Insider here.
Microsoft announced that Windows 10 will now automatically roll back updates when it detects incompatibility issues that lead to startup failures. But only when all other automatic recovery attempts have been unsuccessful.
Halo: The Master Chief Collection, which features Halo: Reach, Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2: Anniversary, Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST Campaign and Halo 4, packed with 7 campaign missions and +120 multiplayer maps, is coming to PC.
Microsoft Workers 4 Good, a group of Microsoft workers, is campaigning for their employer to cancel a $479m HoloLens military contract with US Army.
The group believes that HoloLens is developed for non-harmful means, including helping architects and engineers design buildings and cars, teaching complex surgery, and even to push the boundaries of gaming. Not to help people kill.
CEO of the Microsoft, Satya Nadella, responded to this campaign by saying "We made a principled decision that we're not going to withhold technology from institutions that we have elected in democracies to protect the freedoms we enjoy". At Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.
According to Direct-Feed Games, Xbox Game Pass library might arrive to Nintendo Switch via streaming service and even some titles will be released to Switch, in the form of actual ports.


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TRANS-ANETHOLE
First draft prepared by Dr F.S.D. Lin,
Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation,
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,
US Food and Drug Administration
1.  EXPLANATION
Trans-anethole is a flavoring agent present in the essential
oils of anise, fennel and star anise.  Chemically it is an
alkenylbenzene identified as (1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) benzene or
para-propenylanisole, with the following chemical structure:
Trans-anethole was first evaluated by the eleventh meeting of
the Committee when a conditional ADI of 0-1.25 mg per kg of body
weight was allocated (Annex 1, Ref. 14).  After re-evaluation at the
twenty-third meeting (Annex 1, reference 50), a temporary ADI of 0-2.5
mg per kg of body weight was allocated pending submission of the
results of an adequate long-term study. After further reviews at the
thirty-first and thirty-third meetings (Annex 1, references 77 and 83,
the Committee extended the temporary ADI but reduced it to 0-1.2 mg
per kg of body weight pending further details of the long-term study
and a review of the detailed study records and of the histological
material.
Since the last evaluation, the new data have been reviewed,
together with new data which has become available in the interim, and
are summarized and discussed in the following monograph.  The
previously published monograph has been expanded and is reproduced in
its entirety below.
2.  BIOLOGICAL DATA
2.1  Biochemical aspects
2.2.1  Absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion
Trans-anethole is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the rat (Le
Bourhis, 1973; Fritsch  et al., 1975) and in the mouse (Le Bourhis,
1968; Strolin-Benedetti & Le Bourhis, 1972; Le Bourhis, 1973).  The
same authors reported rapid metabolism in both species and identified
the following urinary metabolites:
% dose in urine
1.   p-hydroxypropenylbenzene         32
2.   p-hydroxycinnamic acid           15
3.   p-methoxybenzoic acid             4
4.   p-methoxyhippuric acid           43
5.   p-methoxyacetophenone            trace
Metabolites (1) and (2) appeared largely as the glucuronide or
sulfate.  Virtually identical results were obtained by the i.p. route
(Solheim & Scheline, 1973).  Administration to rats of ring or methoxy
side-chain 14C-labelled  trans-anethole confirmed that virtually all
ring metabolites were eliminated in urine within 48 hrs with
substantial demethylation and consequent appearance of the methoxy 14C
in expired air, and to a small extent the body and faeces (Strolin-
Benedetti & Le Bourhis, 1972).
Trans-anethole was hydroxylated at the 3'-carbon by hepatic
microsomes from rats and mice (Swanson  et al., 1981).
In five human subjects given a 500 mg dose the 24-hour
metabolites were anisic acid (52%) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5%).
Trans-anethole was not detectable in the blood (Le Bourhis, 1973).
Metabolism in rabbits appeared to be similar to that in humans
(Axelrod, 1956; Le Bourhis, 1970).
More recently, Sangster  et al., have compared the routes of
metabolic degradation of various anisole derivatives, including
trans-anethole, in both rat and mouse, and the route of degradation
was dose dependent (Sangster, 1983; Sangster  et al., 1984a,b).
After administration of a single dose of 50 mg  trans-[14C methoxy]-
anethole/kg b.w. orally to female rats or i.p. to male mice, the major
routes of excretion were in the urine or as 14CO2 in expired air;
excretion in the faeces or as volatile metabolites (other than CO2)
in expired air was low (&lt2% of the dose).  Eleven urinary metabolites
were identified in the rat and ten in the mouse, arising from side-
chain oxidation and cleavage, O-demethylation and conjugation.
Approximately 4.4% and 10.6% of the dose was excreted as two
diastereoisomers of 1-(4'methoxyphenyl)propan-1,2-diol in mice and
rats respectively; these metabolites had presumably arisen from
epoxidation of the side-chain double bond (Sangster  et al., 1984a).
The pathways of metabolism identified are as shown in Figure 1.
In studies of the dose dependence of  trans-anethole metabolism,
single doses of 0.05, 5, 50, or 1500 mg/kg b.w. were administered to
female rats by gavage; similar doses were given to male mice
intraperitoneally with an additional dose level of 250 mg/kg b.w. also
being included.  Dose and species-dependent differences in metabolism
were observed.  The major route of metabolism was via O-
demethylation in both species and the significance of this route
decreased with increase in dose from 56 and 72% of the 0.05 mg/kg dose
to 32 and 35% of the highest dose in rats and mice respectively.  With
regard to side-chain oxidation, the rat favoured the epoxidation route
and elimination of the diol-isomers rose from 2% to 15% of the dose
over the range of doses studied.  In the mouse,  w-oxidation was
favoured and the diols were formed in smaller amounts of from 1% to
4.5% over the same dose range (Sangster  et al., 1984b).  It should
be noted that the inter-species differences were compounded by the sex
difference between the species and by the different route of
Studies of the metabolism of several structurally-related food
flavours, including  trans-anethole, were carried out in human
volunteers.  Two male subjects received oral doses of 1 mg
14C[methoxy]- trans-anethole and the urine was collected over a 48
hour period subsequently; aliquots of expired air also were collected
at 30 minute intervals for 8 hours after dosing.  Approximately 65% of
the activity was excreted in the 48 hour urine, mainly in the first 8
hours, while an estimated 20% of the dose was excreted as 14CO2 in
exhaled air over the first 8 hours.  Most of the urinary activity was
in the form of 4-methoxyhippuric acid (ca 55% of the dose) and 4-
methoxybenzoic acid (ca 3.5% of the dose); approximately 3% of the
dose was excreted as the two diastereoisomers of 1-(4'-
methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol (Sangster  et al., 1987).
In a study of the dose-dependence of the metabolism of  trans-
anethole in human volunteers, 5 male subjects received oral doses of
1, 50 or 250 mg 14C-[methoxy]- trans-anethole on three separate
occasions in milk.  14CO2 was estimated in expired air at intervals
up to 24 hours and radioactivity was measured in urine at intervals up
to 48 hours.  Over the range of doses studied, dose had no systematic
effect on the rate or route of excretion, the major routes being urine
(54-69% of the dose) and expired air (13-17% of the dose).  The
principal urinary metabolite (&gt90% of urinary 14C) was
methoxyhippuric acid with much smaller amounts of 4-methoxy-benzoic
acid and up to three other metabolites; the pattern of urinary
metabolites was unaffected by dose size (Caldwell & Sutton, 1988).
Studies of DNA binding of several alkenylbenzenes, including
trans-anethole, were carried out following i.p. administration to
neonatal and adult mice.  Very low levels of adduct formation were
detected only when the dose (300 mg/kg i.p.) approached the LD50 (400
mg/kg b.w.).
Groups of 8 male and 8 female CD Sprague-Dawley rats were
administered (methoxy-14C)- trans-anethole at gavage doses of 100,
250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (16 uCi/kg).  Radioactivities appearing in the
urine, faeces and exhaled CO2 were determined at 24 hour intervals
for up to 72 hours, but only the summarized urine and CO2 data were
provided in the report.  The urinary metabolites of  trans-anethole
in these animals are said to be still under investigation.  Based on
the available disposition data, the authors have concluded the
(1)  Excretion of 14C in the urine and expired air was delayed
as the dose was increased, with a progressively smaller
fraction of the total radioactivity excreted during 0-24
hours but a greater fraction in 24-48 hours.
(2)  As the dose was increased, the excretion route was shifted
from the expired air to the urine.
(3)  Females consistently excreted less of the given doses in 0-
24 hours than males, "with recovery of 14C in the urine and
as CO2 being approximately equally affected" (FEMA, 1989).
The Committee noted that the above data were not analyzed
statistically for intergroup differences.  Also noted is
that with the possible exception of the dose-dependent delay
of its excretion, the other dose-dependent effects on the
disposition of  trans-anethole, as concluded by the
authors, were not very apparent.  Furthermore, the author's
conclusion that there is a sex-dependent difference in the
elimination of  trans-anethole from the test animals can
not be conclusively supported by the data provided.
2.2  Toxicological Studies
2.2.1  Acute toxicity
Species      Route        LD50          Reference
(mg/kg/bw)
Mouse        per os     1820-5000       Levenstein,
1960, Jenner,
1964, Boissier
et al., 1967
Mouse        i.p.       650             Caujolle &
Meynier, 1958
1410            Boissier et al.,
Rat          per os     2090-3208       Taylor et al.,
1964, Shelanski,
Rat          i.p.       900             Boissier et al.,
2670            Caujolle &
Guinea-pig   per os     2160            Jenner et al.,
2.2.2  Short-term studies
2.2.2.1  Rat
Rats (number not given) receiving anethole in the diet at 0.25%
for one year showed no adverse effects while those receiving 1.0% for
15 weeks showed slight hydropic alterations of hepatic cells (Taylor,
et al., 1964).
Groups of five male and five female rats maintained on diets
containing  trans-anethole at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0% for 90 days
showed no effects at 0.1% but dose-related hepatic cell oedema,
degeneration and regeneration at 0.3% and higher.  In a parallel
experiment with the  cis-isomer, similar changes were noted at 0.03%
and higher (Shelanski, 1958).
Groups of 10 adult male rabbits and adult male and female rats
(number per group not specified) were given orally once per week in
their drinking water a quantity of  trans-anethole corresponding to
7 daily doses of 11.4 mg/kg/day over a period of 90 days.  Another
group of rats (21 days old), 10 rats per group were treated with
anethole identically but only for a period of 21 days.  Neither
measurements of growth, electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms nor
gross and histopathological examinations revealed any evidence of
adverse toxic effects in any group treated either for 21 or 90 days
(Vignoli  et al., 1965).
2.2.3  Long-term/carcinogenicity studies
Groups of 25 male and female rats maintained at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or
2.0%  trans-anethole in the diet for 12-22 months showed no effects
at any level in clinical chemistry, haematology, histopathology nor
mortality.  Slower weight gain and decreased fat storage were noted
only at the 1.0 and 2.0% levels.  In a paired feeding study, trans-
anethole reduced the rate of weight gain (Le Bourhis, 1973).
Trans-anethole was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in the
diet at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1% for 117 weeks.  The group
sizes were 52 males and 52 females in two separate control groups and
in the intermediate and high dose groups, and 78 males and 78 females
in the low dose group.  A supplementary group of 26 males and 26
females received the  trans-anethole at a level of 1% in the diet for
the first 54 weeks of the study, then 10 animals of each sex were
placed on the control diet until week 121; the remaining animals of
each sex continued to receive the diet containing 1%  trans-anethole.
Food intake was recorded daily during weeks 1-32 and for one day every
4 weeks thereafter; body weight gain was monitored at weekly intervals
up to week 26 and then at monthly intervals.  The animals were
inspected clinically at frequent intervals during the course of the
study and the animals were palpated weekly from week 27 and the
appearance of palpable masses recorded.  Moribund animals were killed
in the course of the study; these animals and those sacrificed at
termination were subjected to detailed gross and histopathological
examination (40 tissues).  Also at termination, haematological
examinations were performed, including RBC, haemoglobin, MCV,
haematocrit, MCHC, leucocyte count and differential blood count.
There was a retardation in body weight gain in all treated
animals during the first six months of treatment after which the
weight gain of the 0.25% and 0.5% groups was similar to controls,
although the weight deficit was not recovered; in the high dose group
the weight gain remained less than controls.  The deficit of weight
gain was associated with reduced food intake due to unpalatability of
the diet and animals removed from the 1% diet after 54 weeks rapidly
gained weight.  There were no treatment-related effects on mortality
except for a significantly decreased mortality in the high-dose group
males.  Haematological examination did not reveal any treatment-
related differences but comparison of organ weights revealed an
increase in relative liver weight of all treatment groups of females
(P&lt0.001 in the highest dose group).  Treatment-related
histopathological changes were reported in the liver in the form of
hepatocytic vacuolation (males, 1% dose group), sinusoidal dilatation
(males and females in the 1% group, females in the 0.5% group),
focal/nodular hyperplasia (males and females in the 1% group, males in
the 0.5% group) and hepatocellular hypertrophy in females of the 0.5%
and 1% groups.
There was a reported statistically significant increase in the
incidence of benign hepatocellular adenomas and hepatocellular
carcinomas in females in the 1% dose group, but it was pointed out
that this was within the range of spontaneous incidence of similar
lesions in historical controls for the strain of rat used compiled
between 1977 and 1985 (Truhaut  et al., 1988).  It was considered
that the trend of increase in incidence of benign and malignant liver
cell tumours represented a secondary response to a non-specific effect
rather than a direct genotoxic effect.
In the light of new criteria (Maronpot  et al., 1986) for the
diagnosis of proliferative hepatic lesions in rats, the findings of
the above study were reviewed by independent pathologists (Newberne
et al., 1987; Moch, 1990).  The results of these reviews are
tabulated below and, in the case of hepatocellular adenomas and
carcinomas, compared with the original diagnosis:
Table 2: Hepatic Lesions
Dose Groups    FCA      FNH        HA        HCA       HCA
Pathologists                    Male Rats
0% Moch        33/104   2/104      1/104     4/104     5/104
(32%)    (2%)       (1%)      (4%)      (5%)
Truhaut       -      3/104      3/104     2/104     5/104
(3%)       (3%)      (2%)      (5%)
Newberne    48/104   2/104      1/104     3/104     4/104
Moch        32/78    6/78       1/78      3/78      4/78
Truhaut       -      3/78       3/78      1/78      4/78
Newberne    34/78    7/78       1/78      3/78      4/78
(52%)    (12%)      (2%)      (6%)      (8%)
(15%)                (6%)      (6%)
Newborne    28/52    6/52       1/52      3/52      4/52
Moch        25/52    14/52      3/52      1/52      4/52
Truhaut       -      14/52      4/52      1/52      5/52
(27%)      (8%)      (2%)      (10%)
Newberne    27/52    13/52      3/52      1/52      4/52
Female Rats
Moch        47/104   4/104      4/104     0/104     4/104
(45%)    (4%)       (4%)                (4%)
Truhaut       -      11/104     2/104     1/104     3/104
(11%)      (2%)      (1%)      (4%)
Table 2 (contd)
(54%)    (10%)      (1%)                (1%)
(3%)       (3%)                (3%)
(52%)    (14%)
Moch        16/52    18/52      4/52      6/52      10/52
(31%)    (35%)      (8%)      (12%)     (19%)
Truhaut       -      15/52      6/52      6/52      12/52
(29%)      (12%)     (12%)     (23%)
Newberne    21/52    15/52      4/52      6/52      10/52
*     Hepatic Lesions: FCA = Focus of Cellular Alteration;
FNH = Focus of Nodular Hyperplasia
HA  = Hepatocellular Adenoma
HCA = Hepatocellular Carcinoma
As shown above, the findings of the independent pathologists are
in good agreement, all showing a clear increase in high-dose (1%)
female rats with hepatocellular adenoma and/or carcinoma.  A similar
increase was not observed in male rats at any dose levels.  The
differences observed in the incidence of rats with altered cellular
foci between the original study pathologist and the others, were
primarily due to the fact that the original study pathologist had
diagnosed any vacuolation or clearing of hepatocytes observed as
hepatocellular vacuolation rather than as foci of cellular alteration
(Moch, 1990).
An independent audit of this rat study report showed no
significant discrepancies (Munro & Brillinger, 1989a,b).
2.2.3.2  Mouse
In in the first eight weeks of a 24-week screening test, groups
of 20 female A/He mice received  a total dose of 2, 4 or 12.0 g
anethole/kg b.w. in 24 3x/week i.p. injections.  The higher dose had
previously been calculated to be the maximum tolerated dose.  There
was no increase in the incidence of tumours of the lung, liver,
kidney, spleen, thymus, intestine, or salivary or endocrine glands.
Survival was reduced to approximately 70% (Stoner  et al., 1973).  It
should be noted that safrole, which has been shown to be carcinogenic
in other studies, was negative using this protocol, thus there is some
doubt about its validity.
A series of experiments was performed to investigate the
carcinogenic potential of  trans-anethole in mice.  Groups of male
(56-76 per group) and female (55-61 per group) 4-day old mice were
exposed to  trans-anethole by gavage at dose levels of 370 or 740
mg/kg b.w. twice weekly for 10 weeks, then sacrificed at 11-14 months.
In a second experiment, 53 male mice received  trans-anethole by
intraperitoneal injection on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 after birth.  The
total dose of anethole that each animal received during 4 treatments
was 703 or 1399 mg.  Animals from the lower dose group were sacrificed
at 13-18 months and those from the 1390 mg group at 12 months.  In a
third experiment, a group of female mice, approximately 8 weeks old,
average body weight 21 g, were fed anethole in the diet at a dose
level of 690 mg/kg for a period of 12 months.  After 12 months the
animals received basal diet only and were sacrificed at 18 months.
The fourth experimental group of 17 female mice (8 weeks old) was
given an injection of anethole twice weekly for 12 weeks at a dose
level of 148 mg/kg b.w.  The mice were killed 8 months after the first
injection.  All animals from each experiment were necropsied and the
various tissues examined histologically.   Trans-anethole produced no
different results from controls (Miller  et al., 1983).
2.2.4  Special studies on mutagenicity
Two strains of  Salmonella typhimurium (TA100 and TA98), with
and without microsomal activation, were used in a plate test to study
the effect of  trans-anethole (isolated natural compound), anise oil
(90%  trans-anethole) and fennel oil (70%  trans-anethole).  Each
test material was assayed over the dose range from zero (control) to
the level of cell toxicity.  All test materials increased mutagenic
activities with TA100 tester strain with implementation of microsomal
activation (S13) system.  Peak mutagenic activity, 4 and 4.4 times
that of the background rate, occurred with 2 mg anise oil/plate and
2.5 mg fennel oil/plate respectively.  Isolated natural  trans-
anethole was also mutagenic (the dose level and rate of mutagenicity
were not stated).  The compound was considered not to be mutagenic
unless it was capable of inducing a mutation (reversion) rate at least
3 times that of the incident background (Marcus & Liechtenstein,
The mutagenic activities of anethole and its metabolite 3'-
hydroxyanethole were studied using three tester strains of  Salmonella
typhimurium (TA1535, TA100 and TA98).  Addition of an NADPH-
generating system and liver microsomes and cytosol (S13 fraction) from
Aroclor-treated rats (6.8 mg liver protein/plate) to the incubation
mixture of TA100 tester strain increased mutagenic activities.
Approximately 45 revertants were obtained per µmole anethole.  Under
the same conditions, 3'-hydroxyanethole showed no significant
mutagenic activity with less than 7 µmoles/plate.  Above this
concentration the S13-mediated mutagenicity increased linearly with
increased doses up to 15 µmoles/plate (about 1000 revertants with 15
µmoles/plate) (Swanson  et al., 1979).
Five strains of  Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA100, TA1537,
TA1538, TA98), with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix), were
used to study potential mutagenic effects of  trans-anethole.  The
lowest overtly toxic concentration for  trans-anethole was 1
mg/plate.  No mutagenic activity was observed at concentrations of up
to 50 µg  trans-anethole/plate with or without metabolic activation.
However, the addition of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'phosphosulphate (PAPS)
to the microsomal assay markedly increased the mutagenicity of  trans-
anethole in TA1535 tester strain.  The mutation rate observed was
approximately 4, 5, 10, 11, 9 and 3 times that of the background rate
at  trans-anethole concentrations of 0.05, 0.20, 1.0, 5.0, 15.0, and
50.0 ug/plate respectively (To  et al., 1982).
A further study indicated that  trans-anethole showed mutagenic
activity in the Ames  S. typhimurium assay but was inactive in a  B.
subtilis Rec assay and was negative in an  E. coli uvr A reversion
test (Sekizawa & Shibamoto, 1982).
Trans-anethole was inactive in a mouse micronucleus assay 24,
48 and 72 hr after administration by gavage of the second of two daily
doses of 2 ml/kg b.w. to groups of 10 adult males.  At this dose level
there was significant mortality (3-4 animals per group) (Siou  et al.,
1984).  Negative results were also obtained in a mouse micronucleus
assay after i.p. administration to groups of 5 male and 5 female mice
in two doses of 0.25 or 0.5 g/kg b.w., 30 and 6 hours before sacrifice
(Marzin, 1979).
Genotoxicity of  trans-anethole was tested, along with some
structurally related compounds (safrole, isosafrole, eugenol,
estragole, allylbenzene, methyleugenol, and p-propylanisole), for its
capability of inducing unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in freshly
isolated rat hepatocytes in primary culture.  Hepatocytes were
isolated from male Fischer rats following liver perfusion.  After
overnight incubation of the hepatocytes in the presence of the test
chemical, the UDS or DNA repair was measured by determining the amount
of 3H-thymidine incorporated into hepatocyte nuclear DNA during the
repair process.  Under the test conditions,  trans-anethole did not
induce UDS over the concentration range of 10-6 and 10-2 M, although
cytotoxicity, as measured by LDH leakage, was observed at
concentrations of 10-3 M and above.  Of the remaining chemicals
tested, allybenzene, p-propylanisole, isosafrole and eugenol were also
negative in the UDS assay, whereas safrole, methyleugenol and
estragole as well as the positive control, 2-acetylaminofluorene, all
induced UDS in a dose-related manner.
Based on the study results, the authors concluded:  "there was an
excellent correlation between UDS induction and known rodent hepato-
carcinogenicity, with safrole, estragole and methyleugenol all
inducing UDS. Anethole, isosafrole, eugenol and allylbenzene, for
which evidence of carcinogenicity is equivocal or negative, did not
induce UDS" (Howes  et al., 1990).
In another test,  trans-anethole was tested for its ability to
induce UDS in cultured primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague-
Dawley derived CD rats of both sexes.  At concentrations up to 10-2,
the compound did not induce UDS, as measured by 3H-thymidine
incorporation into nuclear DNA.  The positive control, 2-
acetylaminofluorene, gave positive response.  At concentrations of
10-3 and above,  trans-anethole was cytotoxic and the UDS response
was below the control values.  The cytotoxicity of  trans-anethole
was consistent with the increased leakage of cellular LDH into the
culture medium.
To investigate the possible involvement of a reactive epoxide
intermediate in the observed cytotoxicity, the effect of  trans-
anethole on intracellular glutathione levels was studied.  The results
showed that anethole caused a dose-related depletion of glutathione in
freshly isolated hepatocytes in suspension.  However, when hepatocytes
were pretreated with the non-cytotoxic glutathione depleting agent
dimethyl maleate, there was no enhancement of anethole cytotoxicity,
suggesting that the putative epoxide intermediate may not be of any
toxicological significance (Caldwell & Marshall, 1990).
2.2.5  Special studies on pharmacological effects
The pharmacologic effects of  trans-anethole most often noted
are reduction in motor activity, lowering of body temperature and
hypnotic, analgesic and anticonvulsant effects.  By either the oral or
i.p. route, administration of more than 10% of the LD50 by that route
appears necessary for significant effects (Boissier  et al., 1961;
Seto, 1969; Gruebner, 1972; Le Bourhis & Soene, 1973).
3.  COMMENTS
The Committee considered the results of three independent reviews
of the liver histology in the long-term study in rats.  It concluded
that there is a clear increase in the incidences of hepatocellular
adenomas and of hepatocellular carcinomas in female rats at 10 mg/kg
in the diet but not at lower doses.  In male animals a slight increase
in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas but not carcinomas was
seen at 10 mg/kg in the diet only.  There is also evidence of an
increase in the incidence of non-neoplastic proliferative lesions in
the liver at all dose levels in both sexes.
A review of the report of the long-term rat study showed no
significant discrepancies.  The Committee also noted that differences
in survival between treated and control animals could not account for
the increased incidence of liver tumours seen in the study.
The results of two new studies on genotoxicity (unscheduled DNA
synthesis) were negative.
The Committee concluded that insufficient data were available to
permit a final evaluation of the significance of the malignant liver
tumours observed in female rats with respect to the use of  trans-
anethole as a food additive.  Further metabolic and especially
pharmacokinetic studies in mice, rats, and humans are required for
evaluation in 1992.  In addition, a long-term dietary study in mice
may be needed, although the design of such a study will depend upon
the results of the metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies.  In view of
the positive results that were obtained in  in vitro bacterial gene
mutation tests, the Committee also concluded that chromosome
aberration studies and  in vitro tests for gene mutation in mammalian
cells were desirable.
4.  EVALUATION
The temporary ADI was extended until 1992, but reduced to 0-0.6
mg per kg of body weight on the basis of the minimal effect level of
2.5 mg/kg in the diet (equivalent to a dose of 125 mg per kg of body
weight per day) for non-neoplastic proliferative changes in the liver
of rats, adjusted using a safety factor of 200.
The need for a reproduction/teratogenicity study will be
considered by the Committee when further relevant data from the above
studies have been reviewed.  The Committee also reiterated its
recommendation that an epidemiological study of the effects of
consuming high dietary levels of  trans-anethole would be desirable.
5.  REFERENCES
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BOISSIER, J.R., SIMON, P. & LE BOURHIS, B. (1967).  Experimental
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CALDWELL, J. SUTTON, J.D. (1988).  Influence of dose size upon the
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CALDWELL, J. & MARSHALL, A.D. (1990). The cytotoxicity and
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CAUJOLLE, F. & MEYNIER, D. (1958).  Toxicity of tarragon oil and the
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GRUEBNER, I., KLINGER, W. & ANERMANN, H. (1972).  Various substances
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HOWES, A.J., CHAN, V.S.W. & CALDWELL, J. (1990).  Structure-
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JENNER, P.M., HAGAN, E.C., TAYLOR, J.M., COOK, E.L., & FITZHUGH, O.G.
(1964).  Food flavourings and compounds of related structure.  I.
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LE BOURHIS, B. (1968).  The metabolism of  trans-anethole.   Ann.
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LE BOURHIS, B. (1970).  Identification of a few metabolites of trans-
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LE BOURHIS, B. (1973).  Biological properties of  trans-anethole.  An
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LE BOURHIS, B. & SOENE, A.M. (1973).  Studies on the psychotropic
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LEVENSTEIN, I. (1960).  Unpublished report of Leberco Laboratories,
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MARCUS, C. & LIECHTENSTEIN, E.P. (1982).  Interactions of naturally
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MARONPOT, R.R., MONTGOMERY, C.A., BOORMAN, G.A. & MCCONNELL, E.
(1986).  National Toxicology Program nomenclature for
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MARZIN, D. (1979).  Recherche d'une action mutagene par le test du
micronucleus chez la souris.  Unpublished report of DREBS.  Submitted
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MILLER, E.C., SWANSON, A.B., PHILLIPS, D.H., FLETCHER, T.L., LIEM, A.
& MILLER, J.A. (1983).  Structure-activity studies of the
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MOCH, R.W. (1990).   Trans-anethole.  Histopathologic review of
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MUNRO, I.C. & BRILLINGER, R. (1989a).  Preliminary audit of the
procedures and findings of a 117-week study of  trans-anethole in
rats.  Unpublished report No. 0388018.  Submitted to WHO by CanTox
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MUNRO, I.C. & BRILLINGER, R. (1989b).  Addendum to the preliminary and
detailed audit reports of the 117-week study of  trans-anethole in
Inc.  Oakville, Ontario, Canada.
NEWBERNE, P.M., BROWN, W.R. & CARLTON, W.W. (1987).  Histopathologic
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3190 TCR) Unpublished report.  Submitted to WHO by Pernod Ricard.
NEWBERNE, P.M., CARLTON, W.W. & BROWN, W.R. (1989).  Histopathological
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SANGSTER, S.A. (1983).  The metabolism and disposition of  trans-
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SANGSTER, S.A., CALDWELL, J., SMITH, R.L. & FARMER, P.B. (1984a).
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SANGSTER, S.A., CALDWELL, J. & SMITH, R.L. (1984b).  Metabolism of
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MILLER, J.A. (1979).  The mutagenicities of safrole, estragole,
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epoxidation and hydroxylation of the hepatocarcinogens safrole and
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Trans-anethole (WHO Food Additives Series 14)
trans-ANETHOLE (JECFA Evaluation)


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Have you ever sat and wondered how the hell some people seem to be able to just work out? Like, how can they always be so motivated? Surely they must be freaks of nature?
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These aren't bad people, and they probably don't even realise they are unconsciously choosing to lead a negative life. But, you'll find if you spend time with them, their moods start to rub off on you.
Pretty soon you'll find yourself joining in with their moans and groans. As they saying goes, you're the average of the five people you spend the most time with, and to be successful you need to surround yourself with others who think like you do.
Now recognising these negative influencers in your life is one thing, actually removing them, well that's a whole different kettle of fish. They may be your close friends, your family members, or maybe even your colleagues, and letting go of them could prove difficult.
A great first step could be starting to limit the amount of time you actually spend listening to their negativity and take what they say with a pinch of salt. On the flip side, you could start to seek out those people who would add value to your life, and will bring with them plenty of positivity.
Separating yourself from what's happened in your past could be one of the hardest things you ever do. After all, we are generally shaped as a product of our past experiences, and this makes us who we are today.
That being said, what every has happened in your past, doesn't have to define who you are as a person. You can choose to let go of those negative experiences and transform your life. This isn't an easy task to accomplish, and it's sure to take a lot of time and practice, but letting go of the past is going to enable you to reach your new goals.
Once you let go, you'll think more productively, feel more alive, won't fall back into bad habits, and you'll generally feel happier and more confident within yourself. It's a mental weight that gets lifted and will empower you as you embark on a new journey to redefine yourself.
Whatever has happened, banish it from your mind, ignore past failures and let-downs, and let none of your past guide your future decisions.
Remove those chains weighing you down, your future is waiting.
We hope we've inspired you to think about your own mental preparedness, and we hope you'll recognise areas in your own life where you can make positive changes. Setting yourself up for success in your own mind will empower you as you step into your new lifestyle.
If you've ever considered making a health/fitness change to your life, but haven't managed to take that first step yet, get in touch with us either via the contact form below or through our Facebook, and we will try to support you as much as we can.
We want to help you succeed, only then do we win.


text:
COFES 2017 Begins -- Congress on the Future of Engineering Software
Design and engineering software visionaries gather for the 18th annual Congress on the Future of Engineering Software in Scottsdale, Arizona.
COFES 2017
The complexness and inter-connectivity of our world continues to baffle us. That is what we will explore at COFES 2017.
Scottsdale, AZ (PRWEB) April 06, 2017
Cyon Research Corporation today welcomes attendees to the opening of the 18th annual Congress on the Future of Engineering Software (COFES). COFES runs from April 6-9 and is held at the Scottsdale Plaza Resort.
Widely recognized as a think-tank event, COFES gathers vendors, users, press, and analysts to discuss the most important issues facing both customers and providers of design and engineering technologies. The three-day event provides a relaxed and informal atmosphere designed to foster thoughtful conversation. Key to the success of COFES is its briefings and roundtable discussions, where participants explore trends and technologies of engineering software that will drive future innovation.
The theme for COFES 2017 is "Complexity and Transformation." For the past 17 years, COFES has provided an ideal environment for busy engineers and business leaders to lift their heads from the daily grind and consider their work in a broader context. This year COFES will challenge attendees to focus on interventions that can transform existing systems to mitigate the effects of complexity.
"We live in a complex world, but our brains are wired for simplicity," said Brad Holtz, president and CEO of Cyon Research Corporation. "When confronted with logarithmic growth, we are constantly surprised because our innate expectation that the world follows linear projections consistently leads us to the wrong conclusions. Similarly, the complexness and interconnectivity of our world continues to baffle us. That is what we will explore at COFES 2017."
Friday's keynote speaker is Melanie Mitchell, an expert in complex systems. In her talk, "An Introduction to Complexity," Mitchell will take participants on a tour of the sciences of complexity, a broad set of efforts that seek to explain how large-scale complex, organized, and adaptive behavior can emerge from simple interactions among a myriad of individual components. Based on her work at the Santa Fe Institute, Mitchell brings clarity to the workings of complexity across a broad range of biological, technological, and social phenomena.
Saturday's first keynote is "Through the Eyes of Data," where Harry Blount will share his insights on how to create a sustainable information advantage using Big Data while avoiding the most common pitfalls. Blount will lead attendees through the key aspects of a big data process including targeting the optimal data sources, designing a scalable data model, passive and active insight discovery, persistent improvement in platform intelligence, contextual analytics, and synthesized visualization.
The second keynote on Saturday will be "The Business Implications of the New International Political Landscape" delivered by Scott Foster and Mark Anderson. To set the stage for Scott Foster's talk, Mark Anderson will provide insight on the global geo political arena. Scott Foster will then go into depth from the Japanese perspective. Foster will cover a number of issues including Asian surpluses and the loss of American jobs.
This year's COFES will also feature a report from ASSESS: The Analysis, Simulation, and Systems Engineering Software Summit. ASSESS is a working congress, set up to educate, guide and influence software strategies for multidisciplinary simulation and design exploration.
Also today is the eighth annual Design and Sustainability (DaS) Symposium, a unique gathering of leaders within the COFES community who represent diverse industry sectors with strategic interest in software. The goal of the DaS Symposium is to bring sustainability to the forefront of the conversation among software developers and to look for opportunities and issues that may be best served by the industry as a whole, rather than by individual players within the industry. Leaders of the DaS Symposium hope to inspire, raise awareness, build relationships and seek sustainable synergies. The bulk of the DaS Symposium will take place on Thursday, April 6 from 8:30 AM to 3:00 PM PDT, followed by discussions as part of the general COFES program.
To view the full agenda of COFES 2017, please visit: http://cofes.com/Events/COFES-2017/Agenda.aspx
About COFES
Now in its 18th year, COFES is the annual, invitation-only event for the design and engineering software industry. Widely recognized as a think-tank event, COFES gathers design and engineering software leaders (vendors, users, press, and analysts) together to discuss the role engineering technology will play in the future survival and success of business. COFES is renowned for hosting leading keynote visionaries that provide a new perspective to the future of the industry. COFES is a Cyon Research event. cofes.com
About Cyon Research
Cyon Research Corporation is a think-tank providing key information, research, analysis, and consulting to its clients worldwide. COFES (c) is Cyon Research's primary event. cyonresearch.com
Becca Yeh
Cyon Research Corporation


The prairie-style homes from 2236 - 2350 N. Lincoln Park West were built in 1910.
LINCOLN PARK — A group of residents is leading an effort to create a new landmark district in Lincoln Park.
The proposal calls for a new district including two stretches of historic homes: 2236-2350 N. Lincoln Park West and 301-331 W. Fullerton Parkway.
Many of those homes are designated "orange" in the city's landmark rating system, according to Landmarks Illinois. The rating is the second-highest behind red, and requires an automatic review of a demolition permit by landmarks officials.
The prairie-style Lincoln Park West buildings were designed by Simeon Eisendrath in 1910, while the classical revival-style Fullerton Parkway homes were designed by Andrew Sandegren in the 1930s, according to Landmarks Illinois.
There are economic incentives for residents living in landmark homes. The primary incentive, according to Landmarks Illinois, is a property tax assessment freeze, meaning building permit fees are waived.
Residents proposed the plan at The Commission on Chicago Landmark's program committee meeting last week, according to Peter Strazzabosco, the city's deputy commissioner of planning and development. The plan has not yet reached the city approval process, he said.
"Commission staff did not author or review the suggestions prior to their submission to the committee. They are public suggestions for consideration purposes only," he said in a prepared statement.


text:
Woman arrested on shoplifting charge found dead in holding cell in Mount Vernon
Woman found dead in Mount Vernon holding cell
MOUNT VERNON, N.Y. (WABC) -- Authorities are investigating the holding-cell death of a woman who waited two days for arraignment on a shoplifting arrest in Mount Vernon.
Mount Vernon Mayor Earnest Davis said 43-year-old Raynetta Turner had been arrested Saturday on a shoplifting charge for the third time recently. She was found unresponsive and lying on her side on a wooden bench in her holding cell Monday afternoon.
According to Davis, Turner reported various medical issues at the time of her arrest, and she was taken to Montefiore-Mount Vernon Hospital. She was then released back to police custody Sunday evening.
Here's the timeline of events, as per a news release from the city:
* Saturday afternoon: Turner arrested, taken to hospital
* Sunday 10 p.m.: Turner returned to cell after being released from hospital
* Monday 2 a.m.: Turner removed from cell for fingerprinting, returned a short time later
* Monday 2 p.m.: Officers tried to wake Turner for her court appearance, and she was unresponsive. EMS was called and pronounced her dead a short time later
The mayor said Turner previously had bariatric surgery and a history of hypertension.
Mount Vernon police, the Westchester County Medical Examiner, the Westchester County District Attorney's Office and the New York State Attorney General's Office are all investigating.
"All I know is my wife is dead and no one is saying anything," said Herman Turner, who is agony as he waits for answers about his wife's death at Mount Vernon police headquarters.
The mother of eight was awaiting arraignment. Police say she was last seen alive Monday afternoon.
When observed by police personnel, they said she appeared to be sleeping.
Raynette Turner was accused of stealing from Restaurant Depot, a local food wholesaler. Sunday morning she said she felt sick.
Police say she was treated at the hospital for hypertension and then brought back for her court appearance.
Her husband just doesn't understand what happened.
"She was a mother, she was a wife, she was mine, no longer is she mine," Herman said.
Police say no foul play is suspected. An autopsy is being done.
mount vernonjail deathpolice


graphs (DAGs) for basic blocks and cyclic graphs for innermost loops.
instruction set architectures, and multiple register types.
* Now, DDG may handle complex ISA, with multiple register types.
Each instruction may write multiple results of distinct types.
* Register saturation computation can be done of any register type.
* Deprecated DDG file formats: gl.
you to use our DDG library.
provided in almost all linux distribution.


text:
Manifest may refer to:

Computing
 Manifest file, a metadata file that enumerates files in a program or package
 Manifest (CLI), a metadata text file for CLI assemblies

Events
 Manifest (convention), a defunct anime festival in Melbourne, Australia
 Manifest (urban arts festival), put on by Columbia College Chicago, in Illinois, US

Film and television
 Manifest: The Chryzinium Era, a 2017 American short film
 Manifest (TV series), a 2018 American drama series
 "Manifest" (Luke Cage), a television episode

Music

Albums
 Manifest (Amaranthe album), 2020
 Manifest (Impaled Nazarene album), 2007
 Manifest (Linda Sundblad album), 2010
 Manifest!, by Friends, 2012
 Manifest, by Chessie, 2008

Songs
 "Manifest", by Andrew Bird from My Finest Work Yet
 "Manifest", by the Fugees from The Score
 "Manifest", by Gang Starr from No More Mr. Nice Guy
 "Manifest", by Sepultura from  Chaos A.D.
 "Manifest", by Starset from Divisions

Other uses
 Manifest (transportation), a document listing the cargo, passengers, and crew of a vehicle
 Manifest, Louisiana, US, an unincorporated area
 Democracy Manifest, Queensland police incident

See also
 Manafest, Canadian musician
 Manifesta, a European contemporary arts biennale
 Manifestation (disambiguation)
 Manifesto (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A guide to free and public online resources covering a wide range of topics.
All things avant garde.
UC Press Ebooks Collection, 1982-2004
Includes almost 2,000 books from academic presses on a range of topics, including art, science, history, music, religion, and fiction.
A freely available search tool that brings together digitized materials on African American history from over 1,000 libraries and archives across the US.
Over 30,000 theses and dissertations are included in this collection, including the entire digitized backfile from 1895.
A digital repository that can also be browsed by subject.
A digitized collection of V&A items.
Visual Arts Data Service
VADS makes available more than 100,000 images across 45 different collections submitted by participating U.K. institutions.
An online database of more than 24,000 digital images of European painting and sculpture from the Romanesque period through Romanticism.
Hosts more than 6 million media files contributed to the site by users.
Wikimedia Free Image Resources
List of Web sources of images under free licenses.
Wikimedia Public Domain Image Resources
List of sources of public domain images on the Web
William J. Hill Texas Artisans and Artists Archive
This database comprises of biographies and primary source materials on 19th century, Texas artisans & artists in ceramics, furniture, textiles, metalworks, photographs, paintings, and works on paper.
Women Film Pioneers Project (WFPP)
This digital publication and scholarly resource publishes original scholarship on women who worked around the world as directors, screenwriters, editors and more during the silent film era.
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
These are journal articles published in World Bank journals as well as externally by World Bank authors.
Offers historically significant primary documents (including books, manuscripts, and still and motion pictures) from all inhabited regions of the world in high-quality digital format.
WorldImages
Provides access to the California State University IMAGE Project, containing approximately 100,000 images.
Yale University Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Offers more than 250,000 digitized images of photographs, textual documents, illuminated manuscripts, maps, works of art, and books in the Beinecke's collections.
<< Previous: P-T
Next: Open Access Publishing >>
URL: https://libguides.pratt.edu/openaccess
Subjects: Archives, Art History, Humanities, Images


text:
Flight history for Ryanair flight FR3850
FROM Krakow (KRK)
TO Venice (TSF)
08 Feb 2023 Krakow (KRK) Venice (TSF) 7M8 — 18:05 — 19:40
06 Feb 2023 Krakow (KRK) Venice (TSF) 73H — 05:25 — 07:00
SP-RZC
30 Jan 2023 Krakow (KRK) Venice (TSF) B38M (SP-RZC) 1:15 05:25 05:41 07:00
SP-RZF
29 Jan 2023 Krakow (KRK) Venice (TSF) B38M (SP-RZF) 1:11 11:00 11:50 12:35
SP-RZD
25 Jan 2023 Krakow (KRK) Venice (TSF) B38M (SP-RZD) 1:12 18:05 18:28 19:40
More than 7 days of FR3850 history is available with an upgrade to a Silver (90 days), Gold (1 year), or Business (3 years) subscription.


The beginning of October is full of flux, with two seasons clashing and entire ecosystems changing to prepare for the season to come. Highly volatile times can deliver terrific birding. Or terrible birding. How was yours?
Corey's Best Bird of the Weekend was not a wind-blown seabird like he was hoping. Instead, he had to settle for a wind-blown flycatcher, his second Western Kingbird ever in Queens which, like the first, was at Edgemere Landfill in the Rockaways. My best bird was simply a Black-capped Chickadee visiting my replenished feeders; I look forward to toughing out the winter with these adaptable birds.
Sky – Call – Dot: a Red-throated Pipit migrating high above Heidelberg, only noticed by its characteristic flight call.
About a dozen Red-necked Grebes, some still with red necks, here on the Olympic Peninsula.
Pretty sure that was an adult Bald Eagle flying over I-95 in Groton, CT yesterday. Here's hoping it's a harbinger of good things to come!
A California Quail near Penticton, BC. I had forgotten that California Quail live in the area, but of course they do and they are easy to find, and it was a new species for my year list.
Red-throated Pipit at Pilning Wetlands on the River Severn in England. Skulking in the tussocky grass but did give some reasonable views for this life bird. Not bad for my first trip out after nearly three months of dealing with 2 family bereavements.
Where Are You Birding This Second Weekend of February 2014?


text:
Q: When typing text in textbox, keep background constant I'm writing a program that starts out with requiring a certain amount of lines of text and for that I use a TextBox. To make the program look nice, I put a background image on the form. Now I don't want the TextBox to put a large white block on the image, so for that I made the TextBox have a transparent background. But here's the problem: as soon as I start putting text in the TextBox, the lines that have text will revert back to the white background that I don't want. So how can I stop my program from doing that?
I can't post images yet, so I'll just use links:
This image shows the background as I have it and how I want it to be:

This image shows what happens when I start typing:

I want the background to just remain the same while I type (of course the text colour should then be lighter, but the textbox.forecolor seems to have no effect.
So below is the code I have so far, I hope you can help me, I'm still quite new to this :)
public class NieuwSpel : Form
{
    Label spelerslijst, nummer;
    TextBox spelersInput, spelnr;
    Button OK;

    public NieuwSpel()
    {
        this.BackgroundImage = WeerwolvenvanWakkerdam.Properties.Resources.Background_NieuwSpel;
        this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.Fixed3D;

        spelerslijst = new Label();
        spelerslijst.Location = new Point(10, 10);
        spelerslijst.Text = "Voer hier de spelerslijst in:";
        spelerslijst.Width = 200;
        spelerslijst.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
        spelerslijst.ForeColor = Color.White;
        this.Controls.Add(spelerslijst);

        spelersInput = new CustomTextBox();
        spelersInput.Location = new Point(10, 40);
        spelersInput.Size = new Size(200, 300);
        spelersInput.Multiline = true;
        spelersInput.BackColor = Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100, 100);
        spelersInput.ForeColor = Color.White;
        spelersInput.GotFocus += this.setColour;
        this.Controls.Add(spelersInput);

        OK = new Button();
        OK.Text = "Start Spel!";
        OK.Location = new Point(110, 430);
        OK.Click += this.Start;
        this.Controls.Add(OK);

        nummer = new Label();
        nummer.Text = "Spelnummer:";
        nummer.Width = 75;
        nummer.Location = new Point(10, 360);
        nummer.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
        nummer.ForeColor = Color.White;
        this.Controls.Add(nummer);

        spelnr = new CustomTextBox();
        spelnr.Width = 50;
        spelnr.Height = 20;
        spelnr.Location = new Point(90, 360);
        spelnr.BackColor = Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100, 100);
        spelnr.ForeColor = Color.White;
        this.Controls.Add(spelnr);
    }

    public void setColour(object o, EventArgs ea)
    {
        ((CustomTextBox)o).BackColor = Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100, 100);
    }
}

public partial class CustomTextBox : TextBox
{
    public CustomTextBox()
    {
        SetStyle(ControlStyles.SupportsTransparentBackColor |
             ControlStyles.OptimizedDoubleBuffer |
             ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint |
             ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw |
             ControlStyles.UserPaint, true);
    }
}

A: This probably won't be easy in WinForms. If you're just messing around on your own and trying to learn, you might want to consider playing around with WPF. A lot of people still have to deal with WinForms, but I've developed in both and WPF definitely supersedes it.
It can provide the desired effect out-of-the-box:

<Window x:Class="SampleWpf.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:l="clr-namespace:SampleWpf"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="250" Width="400" >
    <Window.Background>
        <ImageBrush ImageSource="images.jpg" />
    </Window.Background>
    <Grid>
        <TextBox Margin="5" Background="Transparent" Text="HELLO THERE!"
                 FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="White" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When John Edgar Wideman won the PEN Faulkner award in America last year, it was more than a sign that he was beginning to get the recognition he long deserved. With six books (fifteen years of writing) behind him, and at the age of forty-two, Wideman now felt that he was being read. About the award, which was for the final part of his Homewood trilogy Sent For You Yesterday, he said: 'It was the ingredient I needed.' Among the nominees were writers like Bernard Malamud and William Kennedy.


text:
What to Do Tonight: Cotton Jones
By Michael Gallucci
He went and chopped down a tree after this picture was taken
Sometimes the best thing you can do is take a little break. And that's exactly what Michael Nau did when he formed Cotton Jones a few years ago. The Maryland singer-songwriter started the side project during some downtime with Page France, the indie-rock band he leads. The folkier Cotton Jones have released a series of EPs and albums since 2007. The latest, Tall Hours in the Glowstream, is filled with some of the best Americana music you'll hear this year. At his best, Nau crafts elegant, dreamy songs, and there are plenty of them on Glowstream. Even though there's some melancholy here, most songs radiate warmth. It helps that Nau always sounds like he means every word he sings. Plus, the curveballs Cotton Jones throw to listeners — like the horn-driven instrumental "Goethe Nayburs" — are always loads of fun. Turns out the best thing for Nau was that vacation he took from Page France. Let's hope he isn't planning a similar hiatus from this other project any time soon. Cotton Jones, with Pepper Rabbit and Dreadful Yawns, play the Beachland Tavern at 8:30 p.m.. Tickets: $10, $8 in advance. —Ed Condran
Going to the show? Let us know what you think of it in the comments.
Follow us on Twitter: @clescenemusic


text:
package com.stuffwithstuff.magpie.interpreter.builtin;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.stuffwithstuff.magpie.interpreter.Interpreter;
import com.stuffwithstuff.magpie.interpreter.Name;
import com.stuffwithstuff.magpie.interpreter.Obj;

public class ArrayBuiltIns {
  @Shared
  @Signature("of(items -> List(Any))")
  public static class Of implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = new ArrayList<Obj>();
      if (arg == interpreter.nothing()) {
        // zero element array
      } else {
        Obj countObj = arg.getField(Name.COUNT);
        // TODO(bob): Hackish. Checks for "count" to decide if arg is a tuple.
        // Should do something smarter.
        if (countObj != null) {
          int count = countObj.asInt();

          for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            elements.add(arg.getTupleField(i));
          }
        } else {
         // a non-tuple arg means a one-element array
          elements.add(arg);
        }
      }

      return interpreter.createArray(elements);
    }
  }

  @Getter("count Int")
  public static class Count implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();
      return interpreter.createInt(elements.size());
    }
  }

  @Signature("call(index Int)")
  public static class Call implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();

      int index = arg.asInt();

      // Negative indices count backwards from the end.
      if (index < 0) index = elements.size() + index;

      if ((index < 0) || (index >= elements.size())) {
        interpreter.throwError("OutOfBoundsError");
      }

      return elements.get(index);
    }
  }

  @Signature("assign(index Int, item)")
  public static class Assign implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();

      int index = arg.getTupleField(0).asInt();

      // Negative indices count backwards from the end.
      if (index < 0) {
        index = elements.size() + index;
      }

      elements.set(index, arg.getTupleField(1));
      return interpreter.nothing();
    }
  }

  @Signature("add(item ->)")
  public static class Add implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();
      elements.add(arg);

      return interpreter.nothing();
    }
  }

  @Signature("insert(index Int, item ->)")
  public static class Insert implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      int index = arg.getTupleField(0).asInt();
      Obj value = arg.getTupleField(1);

      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();
      elements.add(index, value);

      return interpreter.nothing();
    }
  }

  @Signature("removeAt(index Int)")
  public static class RemoveAt implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();

      int index = arg.asInt();

      // Negative indices count backwards from the end.
      if (index < 0) {
        index = elements.size() + index;
      }

      return elements.remove(index);
    }
  }

  @Signature("clear(->)")
  public static class Clear implements BuiltInCallable {
    public Obj invoke(Interpreter interpreter, Obj thisObj, Obj arg) {
      List<Obj> elements = thisObj.asArray();
      elements.clear();
      return interpreter.nothing();
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
ALTER TABLE `zms_server`.`domain` ADD `service_expiry_days` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
ALTER TABLE `zms_server`.`role` ADD `service_expiry_days` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;


text:
try:
    import math

    math.factorial
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
    print("SKIP")
    raise SystemExit

for fun in (math.factorial,):
    for x in range(-1, 30):
        try:
            print("%d" % fun(x))
        except ValueError as e:
            print("ValueError")


As soon as we have received your payment your order will be processed and delivered as soon as possible to the address provided for delivery.
In stock - The product will be delivered almost immediately.
Please note! We do not have any options for payment at our warehouses! If you should drop by for pick up without placing an order and making a payment first (choose for pick up) you might be dissapointed.
Not in Stock - Products could temporarily be out of stock due to unforeseen circumstances. New stock will usually arrive within 2 weeks. In such an event we will contact you to discuss the matter and find a suitable solution.
We cooperate with both PostNL and DPD for delivering your order to the address provided by you. These regular mail/parcel systems come with the advantage of provinding secure, yet low cost delivery. If you are not at home at the time of delivery the delivery person will drop a note in your mailbox. In most areas the delivery person will try a delivery 2 times.
In case of pick up the payment has to be processed. We will send an email confirmation as soon as the order is ready to be picked up. In case you wish to pick up the order the same day, please use one of the online payment systems that instantly processes the payment, such as iDeal, PaylPal etc.


text:
Home / Recent news / Ducey draws primary challenge from Bennett
Ducey draws primary challenge from Bennett
Ken Bennett also ran for governor in 2014
By: Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services April 21, 2018
Arizona Secretary of State Ken Bennett (AP Photo/The Arizona Daily Sun, Jake Bacon)
Former Secretary of State Ken Bennett is challenging Gov. Doug Ducey in the Republican primary for governor, setting off a surprising intraparty fight over control of the state government.
Bennett announced Saturday that he wants to make another bid for the job that he failed to get four years ago, when he came in a distant fourth in a six-way GOP contest for the state's top elected post. But while Ducey won that race, he wasn't the overwhelming choice of Republicans, gathering just 37 percent of the vote.
Bennett thinks Ducey is vulnerable this year, noting that 63 percent of Republicans wanted someone else in 2014.
Ducey did not return a message seeking comment on his new primary foe, but J.P. Twist, the governor's political adviser, downplayed Bennett's entry into the race.
"It wouldn't be an election year without Ken running for something," he said, a reference to the fact that Bennett, after losing the 2014 gubernatorial primary, made an unsuccessful run for Congress in 2016. He lost that primary race to Pinal County Sheriff Paul Babeu who, in turn, was defeated by Democrat Tom O'Halleran.
Bennett is basing much of his campaign on his contention that Ducey has mishandled the issue of state aid to education and teacher pay.
The state is spending less now on a per-student basis than it did in 2009, even before inflation is factored in.
Gov. Doug Ducey (Photo by Katie Campbell/Arizona Capitol Times)
Ducey, after initially proposing a 1 percent raise for teacher salaries in January, offered to boost that to 9 percent this coming year with an additional 5 percent the next year and 5 percent more the year after that.
Bennett, whose political history includes having been president of the state Board of Education, said he believes teachers deserve the kind of money the governor is proposing.
He doubts, however, Ducey's claim that the approximately $650 million needed by the 2020-2021 school year can be found simply by counting on strong economic growth. The more realistic alternative, said Bennett, is to generate the money by broadening the state sales tax, imposing the levy on goods and services that are now exempt.
The way Bennett sees it, Arizona is far too dependent on income taxes. More to the point, he said those levies are paid entirely by state residents.
But sales taxes, he said, are paid by anyone who buys something in Arizona. And he believes that a third or more of sales taxes are paid by winter visitors and other tourists.
There is a basis for Bennett's contention that more dollars can be collected with a broader sales tax base.
The most recent report from the Arizona Department of Revenue said transactions that are now exempt from the state sales tax would generate more than $12 billion – or more than twice as much as the state now collects.
Bennett conceded that taxing some of those would likely prove to be politically unpalatable.
For example, the state reports it would collect more than $810 million if it were to tax care offered at hospitals, with another $454 million if patients paid a tax when they visit a doctor. The report also says more than $641 million is lost because taxes are not paid on prescription drugs and medical oxygen.
The state also foregoes nearly $360 million by not taxing groceries for home consumption.
But Bennett said there are services that could be taxed with only minimal financial impact.
Consider the cost of having a windshield replaced – a business his family is in – which he said runs about $200. But the state tax is levied only on the half that is the cost of the glass; the services are tax exempt.
Making that service taxable, Bennett said, would mean a minimal impact on a customer but could generate needed revenues.
More significant, he said, is his belief that a broader tax base would prove less volatile to hiccups in the economy.
"We had about a 10 percent recession," he said of what happened beginning in 2007, when the state experienced a similar drop in personal income and gross domestic product. "But the revenue coming into the state went from $9.5 billion to $6.2 billion over about a three-year period."
And then there's that question of making visitors pay their fair share.
He pointed out that Ducey last year signed legislation which says tourists who buy fine art in Arizona and pay to have it shipped home don't pay the 5.6 percent sales tax on their purchases.
"So, if you're an Arizona resident and you go to a gallery in Sedona or Scottsdale or Tucson or wherever, and you buy a piece of art, you pay full sales tax," he said. But an Ohio resident does not.
But Bennett also parts ways with the governor on the issue of pay hike for educators – he opposes an across-the-board pay increase, saying that simply freezes in inequities, in which some districts already can afford to pay teachers more than others. And Bennett said a big chunk of the dollars should go toward improving the salaries of starting teachers whose paychecks can be in the $30,000 range.
Just like in 2014, Bennett intends to run with public financing, something he said will provide him with about $1 million if he gets the required number of $5 contributions to prove a base of public support. That is likely to leave him with far less than what Ducey can raise as an incumbent, not counting whatever outside groups spend on the governor's behalf.
But he said the dollars should go further this time, at least in part because he has only one primary foe and because, with just a few months until the primary, he does not need to spread it out.
Former Gov. Jan Brewer, who named Bennett the secretary of state in 2009 when she was elevated to governor, told Capitol Media Services she will not get into the political fray.
But Brewer also has made no secret that she questions some of the decisions that Ducey has made since taking office, including his claim of being able to finance teacher pay hikes based on projections of strong revenue growth.
"It's going to be very, very difficult without new revenues," she said.
Bennett actually began his political career in 1985 on the Prescott city council. He later was named to the state Board of Education until elected to the Arizona Senate in 1998, eventually serving as president of that chamber.
In 2009, incumbent Democratic Gov. Janet Napolitano quit to take a job in the Obama administration. That elevated Brewer, then secretary of state, to the top spot; she, in turn, selected Bennett as her successor.
He won a full four-year term of his own in 2010.
Two years later, using his position as the state's chief elections officer, Bennett interjected himself into the presidential race, demanding proof that President Obama was born in this country as a precondition of putting his name on the ballot in Arizona. Bennett said he was simply following up on constituent demands, but he later backed off after getting what he said was sufficient documentation from Hawaii.
Tags: teacher pay, arizona budget, doug ducey, Ken Bennett
arizona budget doug ducey Ken Bennett teacher pay 7:11 pm Sat, April 21, 2018 Arizona Capitol Times
Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services
Roxanne B.
If the teachers walk out on our kids on Thursday all of them should be fired not given 20% raise. Families should receive vouchers to take their children to private schools. What if our military, police, DPS and corrections will walk out? Their salaries are less than the teachers, some of them leave in less desired neighborhood because they can't afford a decent rent, some of them have not gotten a raise in 12 years (ADC officers) but you don't see them threatening the safety of our communities because they desperately need a raise. I am disappointed with this circus….
By Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services
Top Republicans ask judge to save Hamadeh from legal fees
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