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Terrifying animation reveals Earth is completely surrounded by asteroids
But don't panic—we've got a plan if any come too close.
Marissa Fessenden
Published Jun 16, 2014 Updated May 31, 2021, 3:11 am CDT
Our little corner of space is full of asteroids whizzing by us. And a new video created by a computer programmer with a PhD in astronomy slams home just how crowded our solar system really is. The animation (below) shows the more than 580,000 near-Earth asteroids discovered from 1980 to 2012. Prepare to be amazed.
It starts a little slow, but by the time we hit the mid-1990s, the rate of asteroid discovery picks up. Scott Manley is the charmingly accented narrator and brain behind the video. He explains that you're looking at a top-down view of the inner solar system, where Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars orbit. Jupiter dances around the edge of the simulation.
Green dots represent asteroids that stay in the belt between Mars and Jupiter. Yellow ones are asteroids that cross the orbit of Mars. Red ones are Earth orbit crossers—the ones we want to keep a close eye on in case they get too close for comfort.
Another cool feature of Manley's asteroid video is that the asteroids flash white as they are discovered. If you pay attention to those flashes, some interesting patterns emerge. When asteroid watchers switched from photographic plates to electronic ones, new discoveries happen faster. This happens in the mid-1990s. In the late 1990s several automated asteroid discovery programs come online.
The flashes of white pulse about twice a second, and Manley explains that those pulses correspond to the lunar cycle. When the moon is full, it's too bright for us to see asteroids from Earth, and discoveries have to wait until it wanes again. Right before the three-minute mark in the video, the white flashes fan out into two wings. This represents incoming discoveries from a new satellite called the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
In case you're wondering, asteroids are rocks hurtling through space. Comets hang out in space but also contain ice. Meteorites are rocks or comet chunks that fall to Earth. And meteoroids are meteorites before they hit the Earth's surface. Meteors are the fireballs that streak across the sky. Go ahead and impress your friends with your precision of space rock language.
If all of this talk about space rocks orbiting near Earth is making you uncomfortable, don't panic. NASA and other programs around the world are tracking these asteroids. You can keep updated with NASA's asteroid watch.
Yes, an impact probably wiped out the dinosaurs. But as this excellent TEDx talk by Phil Plait explains, the chances of that happening to us are very low. If an asteroid or comet heads our way, we can either knock or gently tug it into a safer, less Earth-smashing trajectory. So rest easy, and make a wish on any meteor you see.
H/T io9 | Illustration via Scott Manley/Armagh Observatory
*First Published: Jun 16, 2014, 6:23 pm CDT
Marissa Fessenden is a science writer whose work has appeared in Scientific American, Smithsonian Magazine, and the Santa Cruz Sentinel. She earned her bachelor of science degree from Cornell University and a certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
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Park Shin Hye shows off her youthful charms in a photoshoot.
Fashion magazine <InStyle> July issue features a sophisticated summer-festival styled photoshoot starring Park Shin Hye. The actress's 'rock' appearance in the photoshoot combined with unique youthful styling earns her the title of 'national trendsetter'.
Posing with denim shorts, rain boots, various bags and summer accessories, Park Shin Hye adds in a casual finish to the look. The surrounding landscape and green grass bring out the charms of her smile, and her pure image overwhelms the atmosphere.
One of the staff said 'Despite the hot weather, Park Shin Hye smiled throughout the photoshoot.', revealing the actress's positive energy.
Park Shin Hye's new drama 'Heartstrings' will begin broadcast on June 29 on MBC.
awwwwwwwwwww I'm overwhelmed by her beauty. I swear she's the only person that can bring tears to my eyes by just looking at how beautiful she looks. She totally rocks in this shoot and she looks soooo good in RED!
beautiful photoshoot!! i can't think of another person who is more perfect than Shin Hye for this photoshoot!
So young, so vibrant so lovely!
Mee, I know what you feel. Here beauty is more than just havinga beautiful face, skin, eyes, or overall appearance. She has this special personality/energy that brings out the best of her.


I originally thought that I would write something about gas prices and how ridiculous they have gotten. How my family and friends, coworkers and neighbors have all vowed to change their driving habits, forego some vacations for "staycations" and even stick a "drill baby drill" bumper sticker on their car.
Having said that, this week the entire world was turned upside down with the killing of Osama Bin Laden. Having not yet beaten the horse to death, I thought I would cover yet another angle to this story: Repercussions.
First of all, let me say that this week was a repercussion of what happened in the United States nearly 10 years ago. It took a very long time for that justice to be served, but thanks to our intelligence teams and military teams the citizens of the United States can now feel that some sliver of justice was carried out following that tragic day that changed all of our lives forever.
On Monday as I slowly drove down the street of my quiet Fort Collins, CO neighborhood I was thrilled at the number of US flags that my neighbors had put up. My next door neighbor is a retired marine and he had his marine flag accompanying the US flag. There was obviously a great deal of pride that my neighbors felt with the news of Bin Laden's death. For a moment it reminded me a little of the sentiment that filled our streets and hallways on September 12, 2001.
I heard in at least one news outlet this afternoon (May 4, 2011) that the photo of the deceased Osama would not be released. However, if the photo of a dead Osama Bin Laden is released, can you imagine the traffic and discussion that it will generate? We've already seen viruses on the web exploiting people's morbid curiosity to see what Bin Laden looked like following his demise. People clicking on alleged videos and pictures have found their computers infected with viruses, yet another repercussion.
Members of Seal Team 6 will have lasting repercussions as well. For the individual that took the shot and killed Bin Laden I imagine he will be filled with pride and likely wish that he could stand on the rooftop and shout, "I did it!" The other members of the team will also share the pride and enthusiasm of having taken down the most wanted terrorist in the United States history. They will all probably wish that they could have been the one to pull the trigger that night.
We have already heard from an Imam that there will be revenge taken on the "western dogs" for killing Bin Laden.
The media now has interviews with Bin Laden's daughter that Osama was taken into custody alive then killed.
Individuals now believe that killing one person has virtually ended the Afghan war on terror and Al Qaeda.
Airports have increased security following the death of Bin Laden.
Finally, Obama's actions to support the military in this action do not undo his past wrongs. For example, the situation where a wanted terrorist was captured in Iraq. Three SEALs were court martialed for allegedly giving this detainee a fat lip. Actually, one for punching the detainee and the other two for not protecting the detainee. That shouldn't have ever happened.
We haven't been told of any new plots on the US following Sunday, (but in the UK) five men were arrested (two days after Bin Laden's death) when they were caught sitting in a car very close to a nuclear processing facility.
The fact that US forces went in to a country that we are not at war with (and didn't advise the country upfront) in order to carry out the plot has caused some grief and likely will continue to cause grief. That being said, based on the limited information I have, I believe that it was the right call and I applaud Obama for having the stones to make the decision.
As the American people, I hope everyone stands behind our troops for the flawless execution of this mission. While today we revel in this victory, we need to remember that there will likely be repercussions in the future from Al Qaeda. We know that we may have delivered a blow to these terrorists, they have not been defeated and they will not simply give up now. Americans be strong and show your resolve no matter what we face next.
I'd like to take a moment to welcome home a friend of mine from Afghanistan. Corporal James "OJ" Alvarado will be returning back to the US in the next week. He's spent a long tour in the sticks and hills of Afghanistan away from his beautiful wife and baby girl. His family will be happy to have him home and I'm sure OJ will be the happiest one in the group. Now your Mom and Sister can sleep again, thank God! None of us can imagine what your tour was like. MRE's all the time, no running water, brutal weather and being away from your family. I appreciate all you've done for us, for our country and for the war on terror.
Great blog! I just find it funny that now the big media issue is that Bin Laden was not armed. HELLO all the thousands of victims that were killed on 9/11 were not armed either. Get a clue people.
Great post, Squeaky. Thank you for not politicizing this, and providing some real (mostly non-political) food for thought. I hope we never find out more repercussions from this, but time will tell. The "wishful thinking" part of me looks at the demonstrations in Egypt and elsewhere, and hopes that he world is changing, but the realistic side of me knows that the death of one man alone isn't going to take us back to the days when we could stroll right up to our airport gates, with no worries about what someone might be carrying.
Anyway, it is nice to find someone like you who follows politics, who doesn't have to view everything in life through a political lens. I just shake my head sadly when I see some other people who are so consumed by politics that they can't see anything but politics in any event, even this one.
First things first. Welcome home, OJ.
I'm mostly a "live and let live" type of person, but don't have any object to Bin Laden's killing. As for him being unarmed … do you really want to take that risk? Just because someone doesn't appear to be armed doesn't mean that he isn't. It was probably prudent to shoot first and ask questions later.
This is a situation where there is no doubt as to Bin Laden's guilt. He publiclty admitted responsibility.
The photos … sure, I'd look at them if they were released … but I can understand not wanting to release them. No point in enhancing the case for Bin Laden's "martyrdom" amongst his followers.
I agree with Evan that it's unlikely that we'll ever get back to pre-9/11 airport security. Nor would I really want to. Things were probably a bit more lax than they should have been. I'm listening (again) to one of my favorite all-time books – The Lion's Game by Nelson DeMille. Very scary how the main character moves around in a pre-9/11 America.
Great book! I have read most of his novels. Detective John Corey is far and away my favorite character.
I stumbled on the Lion's Game on vacation a few years ago, when it was in the book collection at the resort, in the stand by the pool. I enjoyed it enough that my wife and I have now listened to all the other John Corey novels on Audible. Enjoyable stuff.
I've listened to the unabridged audio version – 25 hours – probably 8 times. In addition to reading the book a couple of times. I really like it.
I also became a big fan of the reader, Scott Brick. He also reads DeMille's Up Country, which is another fascinating story (but features Paul Brenner of The General's daughter fame). Also 25 hours unabridged.
A reader can make or break an audio book, and IMHO, Scott Brick is L33T.
Thank you for the comments everybody. Welcome to the Soapboxers USMCSis.
@Evan, Thank you! I'm glad you liked today's posting. On a personal level I don't see everything politically, but Kosmo is paying me big bucks for to cast that illusion. Usually, I'm just trying to see how irritated I can make the angry squirrel.
@Kos, I'd look at the photos too. I'm curious to see just how bad was the damage. I know, morbid, sick and wrong. At least it wouldn't be nearly as bad as a shotgun. I see the risk in releasing the photos and understand their position. If it were my call, I'd probably release it just to help quash the doubts. Fortunately, for me I don't have to make that decision and face the repercussions from that action.
Whoever pops up as the next Al Qaeda leader needs to be introduced to Jack Bauer.
The repercussions of bin Laden's death will be relatively mild. We won't see a serious uptick in attacks, attempted or successful. The people who liked him already wish all of us dead. They can't wish us any "deaderer" than they already do. Since they still wish harm upon us we have to remain vigilant.
The neccessity for continued vigilance means the positive repercussions will also mild. Since previous security gaps were exposed, they have to remain plugged forever. (Reasonable security instead of the nonsense we have seen from DHS.) The genie cannot be forced back into the bottle.
We also lost some of our national innocence after 9/11. Many U.S. citizens were babes in the woods, blissfully ignorant of the brutal nature of life in much of the world. The elimination of bin Laden won't permit us to bury our heads in the sand again.
The Obama Administration has, in my opinion, mismanaged events following bin Laden's killing. An event that held the potential for a significant lift has instead fallen victim to a disjointed public affairs campaign. Photos: yes. Photos: no. Usama armed? Yes. Then no. Portraying Obama and his national security team as heroes while largely ignoring the heroes in uniform…bad move. Although Obama earned some kudos his team has inadverently kicked the crutches out for under him. The potential for positive political repurcussions has already been spirited away from Obama.
There is no doubt the world is a better place without Usama bin Laden. Unfortunately, it's not a lot better. We still need folks like O.J. out there to help make things better and keep them from getting worse.
Ok Fuzz and Kos. I'm a big fan of reading too so you're not that special. I prefer Maxim though, it's filled with great information and some fantasstic (yes I realize that is misspelled) photos.
Anyone? I'm sure Evan is with me.
So I was listening to the news after the "event". Al Queda is supposed to have a bunch of stuff just waiting for a reason to hit us, like killing bin Ladin. There were supposed to be Nukes planted through out Europe and sleeper cells in the US, and yet there is nothing. I do not for once think that the threat is diminished, but I do think most of vocal community (media and blogers) do not understand the enemy. They are exceptionally patient in developing plots, but are not so patient once they have a weapon. They seem to use anything they get as soon as they get it, which when you think about it is smart on their part. The US and our allies are always trying to track them down, if they do not use a weapon today, it could be snatched from their hands tomorrow. My belief is that they are hunkered down planning now. The pay back will be in a couple of months when almost everyone is settled down from the joy of this victory. I also believe that the people responsible for directly fighting these guys will not be caught flat footed. The intelegence community, military and law enforcement are doing an excellent job. The capture of the guys in England are an example of both the renewed planning of the bad guys and the vigelance of the good guys.
I agree. If they had a nuke somewhere they would have used it by now, probably in Israel, New York, or D.C. How could they resist?
This website online is known as a walk-through for all the information you wished about this and didn't know who to ask. Glimpse right here, and you'll definitely discover it.
Great post, I want to post content like this.
Great article, It reminds me of the terrifying days of 9/11.


A 36-year-old Manitowoc man was arrested Tuesday on suspicion of multiple felony drug charges.
Investigators had recently conducted several controlled purchases of methamphetamine and heroin from Raymond A. Rogers in Two Rivers and Manitowoc, according to Lt. Dave Remiker.
The Manitowoc County Metro Drug Unit conducted a search warrant at a residence in the 1200 block of Arlington Avenue.
During the search, investigators found IV drug-use paraphernalia, drug packaging and distribution-related items.
Rogers is being held at the Manitowoc County Jail on three counts of delivery of heroin and delivery of methamphetamine as a repeater. He also is on probation with the Wisconsin Department of Corrections.
The investigation is ongoing and additional charges are pending, Remiker said.


I started this article weeks ago, but finally a few days ago took my camera to get some pictures of Maria and Lourdes.
About a week after we moved in to the house in Alantida Joe and I were sitting out on the front porch catching a few late afternoon rays. Maria our neighbor across the street was taking a walk down our street. She smiled and I walked out to the road to meet her. She does not speak one word of English but has been wonderful in telling me about herself, her family and this neighborhood. She has lived in the house across the street for 35 years and in this area for 45 years. Her husband was a contractor and built many of the homes right on our block including theirs. Sadly he passed just a few years back and Maria is sharing her home with Reina (Queen) her little doggie.
A few days later I was outside with my new rake and I was attempting to clean up the pine needles from the yard. She walked over and we started to chat. Then she asked if I like palta – that is what they call avocados here. I told her yes but they had none at the market this week and the ones in the supermarket we so small, very overripe and expensive that I did not buy them. She said she had a tree and invited me over to her yard. Well she has a beautiful avocado tree with some huge fruits and it looks to be the Haas variety which is my most favorite of all the varieties. Then she showed me this little orange tree, again filled with huge fruits and so many on the ground just rotting. She picked and gave me about 20 oranges – they are Navel, yummy. Also a few lemons they look to be the Persian variety and two beautiful avocados. She showed me other fruit trees that I did not recognize the name or the tree as well as a huge gardenia bush in her front yard and a small patch of rosemary. She also had a big bush of Lemon Balm and several tomato plants just falling over with big green tomatoes.
As we stood in her front yard she told me that the tree in my front yard was a laurel or bay and so we came over together and picked a few branches she took some to her house and I took a big branch into my kitchen for my next batch of soup or stew.
Here is a picture of Lourdes and Maria who have been very kind to us. Maria is as sweet and gentle a person as I have ever met. If I stop by to visit she always has a cup of tea, a cookie or cake to share and loves to talk about her life and family. I wish I understood more Spanish the conversations would be so much nicer if I could completely follow along. What a blessing to have such beautiful neighbors.
While food shopping at Disco on Monday I met Jose who said he was 84 years old. He was holding an electric blanket and looked pretty dapper in his little cap. He told me he was a maestro…a maestro of what I never found out. We stood in the one isle for about 20 minutes chatting. He told me about his family many of which live in the US and speak English. Next I went to buy a throw for the bed and there was a women in a wheelchair and her companion a spry gentleman. I recognized her as the women who lives a few houses away around the corner from our home. We also chatted for a few minutes.
So far, everyone we have met has been warm and kind. Full of questions and willing to share information on the town, the neighborhood and themselves. From the taxi driver wanting to know how to say our address in English to the young man Frederico at the appliance store, and of course the guys at RedTec from yesterday's post…everyone has been so very kind and takes the time to ask about us.
Un mensaje especial para María: Has sido un vecino maravilloso para nosotros desde que nos mudamos a Atlántida. Su cálida sonrisa, su amable corazón y su amistad son muy apreciados. Ojalá mi español fuera mejor. Ojalá pudiera hablarte más y entender más de lo que tú y Lourdes me dicen. Eres una mujer encantadora, Dios te bendiga por tu amabilidad.
This entry was posted in Atlantida Uruguay, Avocado, Computer, Lemon, Navel Oranges, Paltas, RedTec Informatica Atlantida UY and tagged Atlantida Uruguay, Beach living, Fruit by Nancy Levin. Bookmark the permalink.
Hi Mary and John, Yes, most seem very friendly and curious about why we are here. Maria is just lovely. I have met her youngest son and her one grandson. I of course share my soups and different dishes with her and she shares her creations with me. Yesterday she came over with what looked like a cake but it was farina (which is a very popular grain used to make flat bread) stuffed with acelga (Swiss chard) that was chopped with some type of nut inside, topped with a cooked egg between layers of this farina bread, it was sort of like a stuffed focaccia. That was gone in a flash…. that girl sure can cook….
How nice to meet such wonderful neighbours! You are such a warm person though, that you never have any trouble meeting people. It sounds like your move and the new 'adventure' are a great success! I loved the special message to Maria at the end. (I had to use Google translate, since my Spanish has slipped badly through disuse – and it wasn't great to start with).
Hi again! Penny says Hi back. Please give our best to Joe as well. Enjoy your new neighbourhood! Sure wish I could see it.
How wonderful to meet your gracious neighbors. Hola to Maria!


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KIC 8462852 è una stella di sequenza principale di classe F situata nella costellazione del Cigno distante circa 454 parsec (1 480 anni luce) dalla Terra. È anche nota come stella di Tabby o Stella di Boyajian, in onore di Tabetha S. Boyajian, l'astronoma statunitense che effettuò i primi studi sulla stella.

Nel settembre 2015 numerosi astronomi hanno analizzato le insolite fluttuazioni nell'emissione luminosa di questa stella misurate dal telescopio spaziale Kepler, un sensore che registra le variazioni nella luminosità di stelle distanti per rilevare la presenza di esopianeti.

Le irregolari variazioni della luminosità della stella sono compatibili con una grande massa (o un insieme di molte piccole masse) orbitante attorno a una stella in "formazione compatta". Sono state proposte alcune ipotesi per spiegare l'insolito profilo di emissione della stella ma nessuna è universalmente accettata.

Nell'ottobre 2015 Jason Wright ha avanzato l'ipotesi che l'insolita variazione di emissione di luce potesse essere associata a vita extraterrestre intelligente.

Osservazione
KIC 8462852 è localizzata nella costellazione del Cigno, circa a metà tra Deneb (α Cyg, α Cygni, Alpha Cygni) e Rukh (δ Cyg, δ Cygni) facenti parte della cosiddetta Croce del Nord. KIC 8462852 si trova a sud di Omicron¹ Cygni (ο¹ Cygni, 31 Cygni) e a nordest dell'ammasso stellare NGC 6866. Anche se scostata di pochi minuti di arco dall'ammasso, non è in relazione con esso ed è più vicina al nostro Sole di quanto non sia all'ammasso. Con una magnitudine apparente pari a 11,7, la stella è invisibile a occhio nudo.

Dati di osservazione di Kepler
I dati di luminosità della stella rilevati dal telescopio spaziale Kepler mostrano sia piccoli cali non periodici della luminosità di scarsa intensità che avvengono con elevata frequenza, sia due importanti cali di luminosità che sembrano avvenire circa ogni 750 giorni. L'intensità assoluta e la varianza delle riduzioni di luminosità osservate lasciano gli scienziati sconcertati.

Le variazioni di luminosità della stella sono compatibili con una grande massa (o un insieme di molte piccole masse) che orbita attorno alla stella in "formazione compatta".

Il primo calo ridusse la luminosità della stella fino al 15%, mentre il secondo la ridusse fino al 22%. In confronto, un pianeta della dimensione di Giove potrebbe oscurare dell'1% una stella di questa dimensione; questo indica che, qualunque oggetto intercetti la luce durante le riduzioni di luminosità, non si tratta di un pianeta ma di qualcosa che copre fino a metà del diametro della stella. A causa dell'avaria di due delle ruote di reazione di Kepler, non è stato possibile registrare la riduzione di luminosità del ciclo di 750 giorni prevista verso aprile 2015.

Ipotesi sulla variabilità della luminosità
Sulla base della classe stellare e spettrale della stella, le variazioni di luminosità della stella non possono essere attribuite alla variabilità intrinseca; pertanto si ipotizza che esista materiale in orbita attorno alla stella che ne occulta la luce. Nessuna delle ipotesi fatte spiega i dati osservati.

I ricercatori ritengono che la spiegazione più plausibile sia la presenza di una nube di comete disintegrate in orbita ellittica attorno alla stella. In questo scenario, l'attrazione gravitazionale prodotta da una stella vicina fa sì che le comete di un'eventuale nube di Oort della stella si avvicinino alla medesima. Fra le prove a supporto di questa ipotesi è la presenza di una nana rossa distante da KIC 8462852 solo .

Tuttavia è stato messo in dubbio che le comete di una nube di Oort perturbata possano orbitare ellitticamente attorno alla stella in numero così elevato da produrre una riduzione del 22% della luminosità osservata.

Un'altra ipotesi presume che la stella abbia da poco catturato un campo di asteroidi.

Sono state effettuate anche rilevazioni con spettroscopia ad alta risoluzione e di distribuzione dell'energia spettrale e osservazioni di immagini. Uno scenario di collisioni massicce creerebbe polvere calda che splenderebbe nelle lunghezze d'onda infrarosse, ma non si è osservato alcun eccesso di energia infrarossa, cosicché l'ipotesi è stata scartata. Altri ricercatori ritengono che la spiegazione basata sul disco di detriti formato da frammenti planetari non sia verosimile, perché la probabilità con la quale Kepler potrebbe aver ripreso tale evento è estremamente bassa.

L'astronomo Jason Wright ha ipotizzato che gli oggetti che eclissano la stella possano appartenere ad una megastruttura realizzata da una civiltà aliena, come ad esempio una sfera di Dyson, una struttura ipotetica che una civiltà avanzata potrebbe costruire attorno a una stella per intercettarne parte della luce e coprire il proprio fabbisogno energetico. Il SETI Institute ha iniziato il 19 ottobre 2015 a puntare le antenne paraboliche dell'Allen Telescope Array verso la stella per ricercare emissioni radio provenienti da vita extraterrestre intelligente, ma le prime due settimane di ricerche hanno dato esito negativo.

Nel mese di ottobre del 2017, dopo lunghi studi, la NASA ha comunicato che le variazioni di luminosità dell'astro sono dovute ad un disco di polveri e altri materiali con una struttura molto irregolare e mobile. La natura di tali variazioni è stata successivamente approfondita da osservazioni mirate utilizzando una rete di telescopi, ricerca finanziata grazie ad una campagna di Kickstarter. Le osservazioni effettuate mediante l'osservatorio di Las Cumbres hanno evidenziato un'attenuazione accentuata della luminosità a specifiche lunghezze d'onda, fenomeno associato tipicamente della presenza di polveri.

In particolare è stata osservata una variazione, in diminuzione, della componente del colore blu che è lo stesso fenomeno che si osserva sulla terra quando la luce il Sole al tramonto si fa più tendente al rosso perché attraversa una maggior porzione di atmosfera e quindi di maggiori quantità di particelle di polveri.

Note

Voci correlate

 Segnale Wow! - segnale radio caratteristico per il quale si sospetta l'origine aliena
HD 139139
Stelle con insolite diminuzioni della luminosità

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
 "KIC 8462852: una stella e i suoi segreti" Virtual Telescope Project.

Corpi celesti scoperti nel 2011
Stelle della costellazione del Cigno
Stelle di classe spettrale F

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I made a new friend yesterday!!! After a long month home-bound like a hermit typing a paper for my past PhD deadline, I needed to be out and about and back to my old harmless urban mischiefs to recover my sanity (hence why I put "semi-retired " street activist on my profile!).
Off I went and bought a small set of sticky labels, got my black marker, and scribbled away a few confessions to get off my chest. I strolled around Camden to give them away, I stumbled upon this guy, he was writing poetry in the sidewalk with multicolored chalk (I was hooked!) and then I saw he had a phrase in Spanish written in his bag, "Respira Consciente", which means breath consciously (double hooked!) so I HAD to speak to him.
We bumped fists and said see you around!
Imagine my surprise when I checked his facebook page (everyone has a Facebook fan page these days…): there's a documentary about him released in 2015. If you are curious, check the website and facebook page for screenings.


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Plains/Texas (1)
Native Wildflowers (2)
Blooms Late Summer (7)
Stratify 8 Weeks (2)
Part Sun (2)
Attracts Pollinators (2)
Attracts Honeybees (2)
Cut Flowers (2)
Deer Resistant (2)
Wildflowers - Blazing Star Seeds
Button Blazing Star Seeds Liatris aspera	Quick View
Button Blazing Star Seeds
Liatris aspera
XL Mylar Packet (~200 Seeds)	 $2.50	 - +
1/64 Oz Mylar (0.44g)	 $6.00	 - +
1/4 Oz Mylar (7.09g)	 $18.20	 Sold Out
1 Oz Mylar (28.4g)	 $52.00	 Sold Out
1/4 Lb Bulk Bag (113g)	 $208.00	 - +
1 Lb Bulk Bag (454g)	 $780.00	 - +
Button Blazing Star is a striking native wildflower that is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris in Liatris aspera is a mystery, the species name aspera means "rough" and refers to the coarse texture of the leaves. The first record of Button Blazing Star can be found in the botanical notes of Andre Michaux, a French botanist who explored the American West about a decade before the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.
Dwarf Blazing Star Seeds Liatris cylindracea	Quick View
Dwarf Blazing Star Seeds
Liatris cylindracea
1/16 Oz Mylar (1.77g)	 $8.00	 Sold Out
1/4 Lb Bulk Bag (113g)	 $160.00	 Sold Out
1 Lb Bulk Bag (454g)	 $600.00	 Sold Out
This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name cylindracea refers to the rounded shape of the flowers. The first record of this species can be found in the botanical notes of Andre Michaux, a French botanist who explored the American West about a decade before the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The presidential campaign of former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney carries some eerie similarities to that of Hillary Clinton in the 2008 Democratic race, Politico reports.
Both came into their campaigns as nearly prohibitive front-runners with the support of the party's establishment. But then unexpected challengers rose up to threaten them – Barack Obama in Clinton's case and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich in Romney's case.
Now the question for Romney is can he beat back the Gingrich challenge, or will he end up a loser like Clinton in 2008?
Politico listed four specific similarities between the two – all negative.
1. Clinton had to deal with her Senate vote to authorize the Iraq war – anathema to the Democratic faithful – just as Romney now has to deal with his implementation of healthcare reform in Massachusetts that resembled Obama's reform plan.
2. Both candidates have been unable to ignore the Iowa caucuses, making the vote a key test. Obama won Iowa in 2008, and Gingrich may do likewise next year.
3. Both have had to drop their pose of being above the fray. Romney has attacked Gingrich hard after his opponent eclipsed him in the polls.
4. Both have had to open up personally more than planned. Romney is now talking about his work as a Mormon missionary and lay pastor.
Four years ago, "They never planned to go negative in the Hillary campaign, because they planned to be winning it," former New York Gov. David Paterson, a frequent Clinton spokesman in 2008, told Politico.
A handful of former Clinton aides echoed Paterson's thoughts in interviews with Politico. "When the [Des Moines register poll] came out showing Romney in third, I actually had a shot of PTSD, [post-traumatic stress disorder]" one of them said.
Like Clinton, Romney has run a cautious campaign. He isn't sitting down for his first Sunday talk-show interview until this weekend, with Fox News's Chris Wallace.
Both candidates made key mistakes in a debate. In 2007, Clinton's confusing answer to a question about driver's licenses for illegal immigrants opened her to attacks that she shifted her views with the political winds. And Romney's challenge to Rick Perry Saturday for a $10,000 bet has allowed critics to paint him as being out of touch.
To be sure, there are differences between the two campaigns. Clinton faced an opponent in Obama who may have been one of the strongest candidates in U.S. history. No one is going to say that about Michele Bachmann, Rick Perry, or Herman Cain. And even the staying power of Gingrich is a question mark at this point.
Romney also doesn't have to worry about an opposition campaign that is as well organized as what Clinton faced in Obama. With the exception of Texas Rep. Ron Paul, who has virtually no chance of winning the nomination, Romney is the only candidate who has any presence in the late primary states. Clinton allies argue that she would have defeated a candidate with Gingrich's organization.
Former Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell, a strong supporter of Clinton in 2008, argues that a loss for Romney in Iowa may not prove as damaging to his candidacy as Clinton's loss there in 2008 did to hers.
The real issue is whether Romney can "bounce back in New Hampshire," he said.


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Taking ambien
Kerry Kennedy Says Ambien 'Overtook' Her, Causing Car Crash
Kennedy denied knowingly or intentionally taking Ambien on the morning of the car crash. She also denied realizing she was coming under its effects as she left her home and began driving in her SUV. Prosecutor Doreen Lloyd attempted to portray Kennedy as a frequent Ambien user who should've.
Kennedy said she remembers beginning to drive that morning because she remembers "thinking how beautiful the light was filtering through the trees at that hour," but then her memories "are really jumbled.".
One final witness, a forensic pharmacologist, is expected to be called by the defense on Thursday to testify to the effects of Ambien before final arguments are made and the case goes to the jury.
She said she felt dizzy, disoriented, confused and frightened that she had no memory and "that I had amnesia" about what had happened. "He said 'Have you been in an accident?' And I said no because as far as I was concerned I hadn't been in an accident," Kennedy said.
A New York jury was poised to begin deliberations after Kerry Kennedy told them today how she accidentally took prescription sleeping pills that then "overtook" her, causing her to crash her car on a New York highway.
Kennedy said the next thing she remembers is an officer approaching her stopped car.
She also denied realizing she was coming under its effects as she left her home and began driving in her SUV. Kennedy denied knowingly or intentionally taking Ambien on the morning of the car crash.
"Did you realize you were impaired," her attorney Lefcourt asked. "If I realized I was impaired I would have pulled over.". "No," Kennedy said.
"I know now thanks to the tox lab that I was taking my sleep medication by mistake," she said.
She said the two sisters, nine years apart, have a "very close relationship.". Rory Kennedy, Kerry's younger sister, said her sister has a reputation for being sober and healthy.
"People start to have effects in 15 minutes to a half hour" after taking it, said Elizabeth Spratt of the Westchester County Department of Labs.
The defense showed the jury pictures of the pill bottles and pills themselves which looked, as Kennedy said, "very similar." Her lawyer noted Kennedy's light breakfast of carrots and cappucino could have made the drug affect her more quickly due to a somewhat-empty stomach.
Kennedy's attorney Gerald Lefcourt said that she was "fabulous" and "perfect" on the stand, particularly when takling about her father.
"She's really my best friend," Rory Kennedy said under oath.
A toxicologist the prosecution called to testify, however, said that the medicine can work quickly, and begin to affect someone within 15 minutes.
Kennedy, 54, took the stand to testify in her own defense today in her drugged driving trial. She is accused of driving under the influence of zolpidem, a sleep medication better known as Ambien, and slamming her Lexus SUV into a truck on a New York highway in July 2013.
"Daddy was the attorney general during the civil rights movement," Kerry Kennedy said after taking the stand today, explaining to jurors why she grew up in Virginia.
In the opening statements, Kennedy's defense attorney was scolded for harping on the fact that she is the niece of a former president. Prior to Kennedy's testimony today, the defense has focused much of its efforts on presenting Kennedy as an upstanding heir to a presidential legacy.
The defense has called a string of character witnesses in front of the jury, including an Irish priest, Kennedy's sister and friends, and humanitarian workers who have testified to Kennedy's soberness and upstanding moral character.
"She is not seeking any advantages here because of her famous family," defense attorney Gerald Lefcourt said in response to the judge.
"Yes," she replied. "Ambien overtook you without warning?" Lloyd asked.
Instead she continued to drive for five miles before the crash. The prosecution alleges that Kennedy chose to drive while under the effects of the sleep medication, saying that if she truly did take the medicine accidentally, she should have pulled over when she felt it beginning to affect her.
She had to go through a "15 or 20 step process" to prepare the cappuccino on a complicated-sounding coffee maker, and in the process said she mistook Ambien for Synthoid, the medication she takes daily for an underactive thyroid. When asked about her morning routine, Kennedy explained that on the morning of the crash she had a breakfast of cappucino and carrots.
Prosecutor Doreen Lloyd attempted to portray Kennedy as a frequent Ambien user who should've known its effects, but Kennedy said she never thinks about how she feels after taking the pill before bed.
One witness, neighbor Emily Liebert, testified today that Kennedy asked her to go to Kennedy's home the night of her arrest and count her sleep pills and thyroid pills out of concern she had either mixed up her medication or had a seizure.
"I just go to sleep," she said.
Within minutes of taking the stand today Kennedy invoked the name of her late father, Robert F. Kennedy, and told the jury that he was killed while running for president. Kennedy's famous lineage has been a focal point for the defense as they've tried to present her as an upstanding citizen with no drug or alcohol problems.
Earlier this week, she was photographed pushing her mother, Ethel Kennedy, in a wheelchair into and out of court. Meanwhile, Kennedy has sat at the defense table, at times fingering rosary beads as others have testified.
"I have 10 brothers and sisters. Asked how he died, Kennedy said, "He was killed while running for president.". My mother raised us because my father died when I was 8," she said.
"I thought tears came to several peoples eyes as she was talking about her father, daddy. It was excellent," Lefcourt said outside court. "I thought she was fabulous and she was perfect.".
The daughter of RFK and Ethel Kennedy, whom she was photographed pushing in a wheelchair into and out of court earlier in the week, is also a niece of President John F. Andrew Cuomo. Kennedy and was married to New York Gov.
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Is section 182(2) absolute or strict Liability? I got an ticket the several weeks ago at 9:15 am where it is no right turn from 7am to 10am. I thought it is 7am to 9am when I made the turn. Also having driven by several similar signs that are 7am to 9am in other intersections. I didn't realize until the officer informed they are new signs and it is 7to10am.
Thanks in advance for any advise on this.
To the best of my knowledge it's a strict liability offence. If your view of the sign was truly obstructed by a tree, you may have a valid defence. Simply failing to read the sign or assuming it would be the same hours as other nearby signs would not be a defence however.


CHEMARTS is a joint minor program in collaboration with Aalto University's School of Art, Design and Architecture (ARTS) and School of Chemical Engineering (CHEM).
The educational activities in CHEMARTS are developed on several levels. Introduction course "Design Meets Biomaterials" (3-5 ECTS) is an optional course targeted for undergraduate students (BA, BSc). It gives an insight into the material itself and its contemporary applications through lectures, and familiarises students with design methods and approaches through hands-on teamwork.
The CHEMARTS summer school is targeted for graduate students (MA, MSc) and the content is varying each year. The aim is to inspire future professionals of design and material science to work together for novel cellulose-driven concepts and ideas. Summer school includes a creative workshop led by internationally acknowledged designers and the results will be exhibited publicly. The team consists of Aalto Master's students and tutoring experts with different backgrounds.
Read more about Cellulose, Innovating on cellulose and Sustainable design.


Stunning and vibrant ladies cocktail ring features one large natural 4.60 carat Swiss Blue Topaz center stone accented by 2.25 cttw of natural amethyst, peridot, and additional Swiss blue topaz gemstones all set into sterling silver. Total carat weight: 6.85 ctw. Total weight: 4.39 grams. Size 6.


Last night's episode of Project Runway was the ultimate trifecta of fashion challenges.
The remaining designers had to duke it out style-wise for one the biggest prizes yet: their design on the cover of Marie Claire, to be modeled by one the most famous faces to ever grace a magazine cover, Heidi Klum. And to top it off, the guest judge was MC's very own editor-in-chief, Joanna Coles.
In a nutshell this challenge was major.
The result was panicked designers (many of whom seemed on the verge of a breakdown from minute 10 on) some catty bickering in the work room—finally, this season's contestants have just been too civil and pleasant to one another—and some of the most ruthless judging thus far.
Because last night's prize was one of the most prestigious in Project Runway history, the contestants faced an unbelievably tough panel. Nina Garcia and Michael Kors are always shrewd, but mix in Joanna Coles and Heidi, judging which garment the entire world will see her in, and these designers were shaking in their trendy, obscure-label boots.
While there were no heated battles in the workroom, some claws finally came out, as did some genius design. I haven't been all that impressed with the looks I've seen on this season's runway so far, but last night Anthony Williams took a well-deserved win with a funky and modern cocktail dress in a bright teal. Ben Chumura was praised for his bold use of color and Emilio Sosa proved, once again, that he knows how to turn out an incredible cocktail dress.
On the flip side, the bottom looks were a collection of muted tones and bad concepts, and the judges didn't hold back their disapproval. Nina and Joanna made it clear this was no time for amateur hour. Janeane Ceccanti and Mila Hermanovski were chided for their uninspired and drab looks, but wallflower Anna Lynett was the one sent packing for her ill-fitting top and shorts outfit.
All in all, the season definitely began to pick up some steam last night. Next week, one of my favorite designer challenges: working with children!
Don't forget to tune in with us every Thursday as we tweet each episode: follow us on Twitter!


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AP Physics B : Electricity and Magnetism
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Physics B
All AP Physics B Resources
65 Practice Tests Question of the Day Flashcards Learn by Concept
AP Physics B Help » Electricity and Magnetism
Example Question #1 : Ap Physics 2
Charges A and B are placed a distance of from one another. The charge of particle A is whereas the charge of particle B is . Charge B experiences an electrostatic force of from charge A. Similarly, charge A experiences an electrostatic force of from charge B.
A student places these two charges in a vacuum medium and measures . A second student places these two charges in a glass medium and measures . What is ratio of the force measured in the glass medium to the force measured in the vacuum?
The dielectric constant of glass is .
You can simplify this question tremendously by using the definition of a dielectric constant. Dielectric constant is defined as the ratio of the electrostatic force in vacuum to the electrostatic force in the medium (in this case glass).
The question is asking for the reciprocal of this value: the ratio of the force in glass to the force in the vacuum. Our answer is calculated by taking the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of glass.
Example Question #1 : Electricity And Magnetism
How much work is done by the electric field moving an electron along an equipotential surface with a potential of ?
We must know the strength of the electric field to solve
Moving a charge along an equipotential surface will involve no work done by the electric field. The potential is constant throughout an equipotential surface; therefore, the potential difference experienced by the electron will be zero. Remember that energy is dependent on the potential difference.
If the potential difference is zero then the energy (and work) will be zero.
Example Question #1 : Coulomb's Law
What is the ratio of to ?
This question is very simple if you realize that the force experienced by both charges is equal.
The definition of the two electrostatic forces are given by Coulomb's law:
In this question, we can rewrite this equation in terms of our given system.
It doesn't matter if the charges of the two particles are different; both particles experience the same force because the charges of both particles are accounted for in the electrostatic force equation (Coulomb's law). This conclusion can also be made by considering Newton's third law: the force of the first particle on the second will be equal and opposite the force of the second particle on the first.
Since the forces are equal, their ratio will be .
An excess charge of is put on an ideal neutral conducting sphere with radius . What is the Coulomb force this excess charge exerts on a point charge of that is from the surface of the sphere?
Two principal realizations help with solving this problem, both derived from Gauss' law for electricity:
1) The excess charge on an ideal conducting sphere is uniformly distributed over its surface
2) A uniform shell of charge acts, in terms of electric force, as if all the charge were contained in a point charge at the sphere's center
With these realizations, an application of Coulomb's law answers the question. If is the point charge outside the sphere, then the force on is:
In this equation, is Coulomb's constant, is the excess charge on the spherical conductor, and is total distance in meters of from the center of the conducting sphere.
Using the given values in this equation, we can calculate the generated force:
Example Question #1 : Magnetic Force
A proton traveling at in a horizontal plane passes through an opening into a mass spectrometer with a uniform magnetic field directed upward. The particle then moves in a circular path through and crashes into the wall of the spectrometer adjacent to the entrance opening. How far down from the entrance is the proton when it crashes into the wall?
The proton's mass is and its electric charge is .
A charged particle moving through a perpendicular magnetic field feels a Lorentz force equal to the formula:
is the charge, is the particle speed, and is the magnetic field strength. This force is always directed perpendicular to the particle's direction of travel at that moment, and thus acts as a centripetal force. This force is also given by the equation:
We can set these two equations equal to one another, allowing us to solve for the radius of the arc.
Once the particle travels through a semicircle, it is laterally one diameter in distance from where is started (i.e. twice the radius of the circle).
Twice this value is the lateral offset of its crash point from the entrance:
Example Question #1 : Using Faraday's Law
An ideal transformer, under a purely resistive load, consists of an iron core that directs all the magnetic flux from a primary winding through a secondary winding. The primary winding has closely-packed loops along the coil (such that all see the same magnetic flux). The primary line carries an alternating current at a potential of . If the secondary line is to have a potential of , how many closely-packed loops are required in the secondary winding?
In basic consideration, the electrical transformer works directly according to Faraday's law, following the picture given below.
If the coils are wound tightly enough that the magnetic flux generated in any of them effectively passes undiminished through all of them, and the iron core directs all the magnetic flux from the primary to secondary coil with insignificant losses, then Faraday's law points a direct path from to . Faraday's law relates the time of rate of change of magnetic flux to the voltage (emf) around a closed loop:
If there are loops stacked together, then the total voltage, , is related to the flux through all loops by:
From the figure, it is seen that the voltages in each line are dropped over all loops together. Hence, for the primary winding, by Faraday's law:
For the secondary winding:
Here, and are the number of coils in the primary and secondary windings. The quantity is the same in both windings, being transmitted fully (and effectively instantly) by the iron core. This leads to the equation:
This can be used to solve the problem above:
NOTE: This only works under alternating current. Otherwise, there is no change in current to create the changing magnetic flux on which the transformer depends.
Example Question #1 : Electric Circuits
Which of the following is equal to the time constant of an RC circuit?
The definition of a time constant for an RC circuit is the product of resistance and charge:
This is defined as the time it takes the capacitor to reach a charge that is around 63% of the maximum charge. It is also the time it takes to discharge around 37% of the charge. This value is commonly used to determine the amount of charge a capacitor has or the amount of current flowing through the capacitor at any given time point.
Which of the following statements is false regarding capacitors?
I. A larger capacitor stores more energy
II. Capacitors connected in parallel have the same voltage drop
III. Increasing the distance between the two plates increases the capacitance
Recall the equation for potential energy in terms of capacitance:
According to the equation above, an increase in capacitance will lead to decrease in the amount of energy stored. This means that a larger capacitor will store less energy; therefore, statement I is false.
Any circuit elements connected in parallel will always have the same voltage drop. This applies to resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Statement II is true.
Remember that capacitance is defined as follows:
In this equation, is the area of the plates and is distance between the plates. Increasing will lead to a decrease in capacitance; therefore, statement III is false.
Example Question #1 : Understanding Capacitors
A capacitor has a stored charge of and a potential energy of . What is the voltage across the capacitor?
To solve this problem, you need to use the following two equations:
By substituting into the second equation you can write the change in potential energy in terms of voltage and charge.
Rearranging the previous equation will allow us to solve for the voltage.
Use the given values for stored potential energy and charge to solve for the voltage.
A battery is hooked to a circuit with a and a resistor in series with each other, and with a branched set of three parallel resistors of , , and . What current does this circuit draw from the battery?
Our first step will be to find the equivalent resistance of the circuit. Simple resistors add in series, and add inversely in parallel. For the and resistors in series, the total resistance is simply the sum.
For the resistors in parallel, the inverse of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the inverse of the individual resistors.
The total resistance of the circuit will be the sum of the series resistance and parallel resistance.
Now we know the total resistance of the circuit and the voltage supplied from the battery. Use Ohm's law to solve for the current in the circuit.
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Guests staying in the Grand Deluxe room enjoy free spa access; all other guests pay $24 per person, per two hours.
Dating from 1800, this former palace turned public transport HQ is now a sleek five-star property with a handy address near the Termini station, and a 20-minute walk from the Colosseum. The interiors showcase original marble features and stucco columns, but the 82 guestrooms are ultramodern with cool white walls, chunky platform beds and striking artwork. Senses restaurant serves innovative Italian fare and overlooks Rome's Servian Wall, which was built to protect the city in the sixth century BC. The lounge bar occupies a former ticket hall and features a huge alfresco terrace. Hit the spa (free for guests staying in the Grand Deluxe room, $24 per two hours for all other guests) to relax in the indoor heated pool, sauna or Turkish bath, or to indulge in a water therapy treatment inspired by the nearby Diocletian Thermal Baths.
It's a short walk to the Diocletian Thermal Baths and the cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore, as well as the city's main train station, Termini. Also nearby is the relatively untouristed but beautiful neighborhood of Monti, where many students, writers and other creative types live. Here, there's a great local aperitivo scene in the area's main square, the Piazza Madonna dei Monti, and at neighborhood wine bars Al Vino al Vino and Ai Tre Scalini. Taverna dei Fori Imperiali is a good restaurant to book for dinner nearby. You're also close to one of Rome's two metro lines, which makes the Spanish Steps, Vatican, Colosseum and Forum all easy trips.
This hotel had a great location. We did have problems regarding our rooms we had to move a view times however the concerige team was not only efficient but kindly helped us make our experience of Rome a great one. Even upgraded us when was told we just got engaged which made our night just that lil more extra special. They couldn't do enough for us. All rooms was big and stunning had all the facilities you needed. All said we would like the give an extra big thank you to the reception for everything! We strongly recommend this hotel.
A well presented hotel, like someone wanted to make a five star hotel then cut corners on service and extras. There were crucial things missing like tea, coffee and milk. The hotel did give us a kettle when we asked but did not provide the tea or coffee. You were also expected to pay for drinking water from the mini bar at 5€ each, and I have stayed in B&Bs where this is provided as standard. The water from the tap is undrinkable and tastes like a swimming pool. There was some complimentary ready made fruit tea by reception but it was tasteless, tepid and not always there.
We ordered room service for breakfast (the only way of getting coffee before leaving the hotel). They give you a range of 30 minutes when the breakfast will arrive, and it arrived 10 minutes after this. As we had made reservations in central Rome this was quite stressful.
Oh and people throw glass bottles in the bins next to the hotel which might wake you up. To make it worse they kept us waiting 20 minutes to check out and didn't ask if we could come back later or offer us something while we waited.
The positives include a very well appointed bathroom with a double outlet shower and stone bath. Good quality shower gel, lotion etc. The bed was very comfortable. Complementary Prosecco on arrival.
We've just returned home from a three night stay at this gorgeous hotel.
It's a beautiful hotel. The room was clean and spacious with the added benefit of two TVs and two bathrooms. The beds are immaculate and so comfortable.
It's close to a main road so there is a small amount of road noise but it's not an amount that would disturb your sleep. The curtains are blackout so you get no light in the morning to wake you up unnecessarily.
The staff are warm; welcoming and helpful.
The location is fantastic. Most things are walking distance but if you don't want to walk Termini bus and metro station is directly across the road and very easy to navigate. If I ever return to Rome this would be my go to hotel.
We visited here in April and selected the hotel for its location (very close to the central train station) and the familiarity with the Radisson brand.
The were made to feel very welcome and we were impressed with the rooms, which are modern, spacious and clean.
We didn't eat in the hotel, only being in Rome for a couple of days, but we did visit the bar a couple of times and it's a fantastic room complete with marble pillars and an impressive water feature.
The hotel is close to a number of good restaurant options, including one which offers a typical italian breakfast just across the road.
Glamorous location a stone's throw from Termini train station. Senses restaurant is very nice for a romantic dinner with its fountain, his chill out music and the cure for details that the place denotes. The staff is nice, extremely professional and quick. The food was good, we had veal cheek and sea carbonara. They served us different types of bread and grissini and a lil' entrée which were in the house. We spent 64€ which is not exactly cheap for two courses and 2 bottles of wate, but the place and the food were worth the cost. Higly recommended!


text:
namespace {

const char kAppMenuRegistrarName[] = "com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar";
const char kAppMenuRegistrarPath[] = "/com/canonical/AppMenu/Registrar";
const char kAppMenuRegistrarInterface[] = "com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar";

}  // namespace

// static
DbusAppmenuRegistrar* DbusAppmenuRegistrar::GetInstance() {
  return base::Singleton<DbusAppmenuRegistrar>::get();
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnMenuBarCreated(DbusAppmenu* menu) {
  if (base::Contains(menus_, menu)) {
    NOTREACHED();
    return;
  }
  menus_[menu] = kUninitialized;
  if (service_has_owner_)
    InitializeMenu(menu);
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnMenuBarDestroyed(DbusAppmenu* menu) {
  DCHECK(base::Contains(menus_, menu));
  if (menus_[menu] == kRegistered) {
    dbus::MethodCall method_call(kAppMenuRegistrarInterface,
                                 "UnregisterWindow");
    dbus::MessageWriter writer(&method_call);
    writer.AppendUint32(menu->browser_frame_id());
    registrar_proxy_->CallMethod(&method_call,
                                 dbus::ObjectProxy::TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT,
                                 base::DoNothing());
  }
  menus_.erase(menu);
}

DbusAppmenuRegistrar::DbusAppmenuRegistrar() {
  dbus::Bus::Options bus_options;
  bus_options.bus_type = dbus::Bus::SESSION;
  bus_options.connection_type = dbus::Bus::PRIVATE;
  bus_options.dbus_task_runner = dbus_thread_linux::GetTaskRunner();
  bus_ = base::MakeRefCounted<dbus::Bus>(bus_options);

  registrar_proxy_ = bus_->GetObjectProxy(
      kAppMenuRegistrarName, dbus::ObjectPath(kAppMenuRegistrarPath));

  dbus::Bus::ServiceOwnerChangeCallback callback =
      base::BindRepeating(&DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnNameOwnerChanged,
                          weak_ptr_factory_.GetWeakPtr());
  bus_->ListenForServiceOwnerChange(kAppMenuRegistrarName, callback);
  bus_->GetServiceOwner(kAppMenuRegistrarName, callback);
}

DbusAppmenuRegistrar::~DbusAppmenuRegistrar() {
  DCHECK(menus_.empty());
  bus_->GetDBusTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      FROM_HERE, base::BindOnce(&dbus::Bus::ShutdownAndBlock, bus_));
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::InitializeMenu(DbusAppmenu* menu) {
  DCHECK(base::Contains(menus_, menu));
  DCHECK_EQ(menus_[menu], kUninitialized);
  menus_[menu] = kInitializing;
  menu->Initialize(base::BindOnce(&DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnMenuInitialized,
                                  weak_ptr_factory_.GetWeakPtr(), menu));
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::RegisterMenu(DbusAppmenu* menu) {
  DCHECK(base::Contains(menus_, menu));
  DCHECK(menus_[menu] == kInitializeSucceeded || menus_[menu] == kRegistered);
  menus_[menu] = kRegistered;
  dbus::MethodCall method_call(kAppMenuRegistrarInterface, "RegisterWindow");
  dbus::MessageWriter writer(&method_call);
  writer.AppendUint32(menu->browser_frame_id());
  writer.AppendObjectPath(dbus::ObjectPath(menu->GetPath()));
  registrar_proxy_->CallMethod(
      &method_call, dbus::ObjectProxy::TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT, base::DoNothing());
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnMenuInitialized(DbusAppmenu* menu, bool success) {
  DCHECK(base::Contains(menus_, menu));
  DCHECK(menus_[menu] == kInitializing);
  menus_[menu] = success ? kInitializeSucceeded : kInitializeFailed;
  if (success && service_has_owner_)
    RegisterMenu(menu);
}

void DbusAppmenuRegistrar::OnNameOwnerChanged(
    const std::string& service_owner) {
  service_has_owner_ = !service_owner.empty();

  // If the name owner changed, we need to reregister all the live menus with
  // the system.
  for (const auto& pair : menus_) {
    DbusAppmenu* menu = pair.first;
    switch (pair.second) {
      case kUninitialized:
        if (service_has_owner_)
          InitializeMenu(menu);
        break;
      case kInitializing:
        // Wait for Initialize() to finish.
        break;
      case kInitializeFailed:
        // Don't try to recover.
        break;
      case kInitializeSucceeded:
        if (service_has_owner_)
          RegisterMenu(menu);
        break;
      case kRegistered:
        if (service_has_owner_)
          RegisterMenu(menu);
        else
          menus_[menu] = kInitializeSucceeded;
        break;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import DefineMap from 'can-define/map/map';
import DefineList from 'can-define/list/list';
import assign from 'can-util/js/assign/assign';
import Component from 'can-component';

import template from './measure.stache!';
import './measure.css!';

import ol from 'openlayers';
import measurements from './modules/measurements';
import conversion from './modules/conversion';
import helpOverlayTemplate from './templates/helpOverlay.stache!';
import measureOverlayTemplate from './templates/measureOverlay.stache!';
/**
 * @constructor measure-widget.ViewModel ViewModel
 * @parent measure-widget
 * @group measure-widget.ViewModel.props Properties
 *
 * @description A `<measure-widget />` component's ViewModel
 */
export const ViewModel = DefineMap.extend('MeasureWidget', {
    /**
     * An array of measurement objects to use. These are configureable in `./modules/measurements`
     * @property {Array<measurementObjects>} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.measurements
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    measurements: {
        value: measurements
    },
    /**
     * The current state of the widget. This is set to true when a button is activated
     * @property {Boolean} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.active active
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    active: {
        Type: DefineMap,
        set (active) {
            if (!active) {

                // reset the units dropdown value
                this.unitsDropdown = '';

                // remove the hover overlay
                this.removeMapHover();

                // remove any interaction
                if (this.interaction) {
                    this.map.removeInteraction(this.interaction);
                    this.interaction = null;
                }
                this.dispatch('deactivate');
                return active;
            }

            // update the units dropdown value
            this.unitsDropdown = active.units[0].value;

            // remove any existing draw interactions
            if (this.interaction) {
                this.map.removeInteraction(this.interaction);
            }

            //add the help tooltip listener
            this.addMapHover();

            //add the interaction for measuring
            this.interaction = this.getInteraction(active.type);
            this.map.addInteraction(this.interaction);
            this.dispatch('activate');
            return active;
        }

    },
    /**
     * The current value in the units dropdown
     * @property {String} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.unitsDropdown
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    unitsDropdown: {
        value: '',
        type: 'string'
    },
    /**
     * Should labels be added to the map drawings by default
     * @property {Boolean} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.addLabels
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    addLabels: {
        value: true,
        type: 'boolean'
    },
    /**
     * The current set of units available in the units dropdown
     * @property {Array<Object>} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.activeUnits activeUnits
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    activeUnits: {
        get () {
            if (!this.unitsDropdown) {
                return null;
            }
            return this.active.units.filter((u) => {
                return u.value === this.unitsDropdown;
            })[0];
        }
    },
    /**
     * The openlayers map object
     * @property {ol.Map} measure-widget.ViewModel.props.map map
     * @parent measure-widget.ViewModel.props
     */
    map: {
        type: '*',
        set (map) {
            if (!map) {
                return map;
            }

            this.initVectorLayer(map);
            this.initHelpOverlay(map);

            return map;
        }
    },
    // internal props
    vectorLayer: '*',
    helpOverlay: '*',
    measureOverlay: '*',
    measureOverlays: {
        Type: DefineList,
        Value: DefineList
    },
    measureValue: '*',
    interaction: '*',
    pointerMoveKey: '*',
    /**
     * This is the function called when a tool button is clicked. Activates a measure tool if is not already active. If it is already active, it deactivates the measure tool.
     * @prototype
     * @signature
     * @param  {measureToolObject} measureTool The tool to activate
     */
    activateMeasureTool (measureTool) {
        if (this.active === measureTool) {
            this.active = null;
        } else {
            this.active = measureTool;
        }
    },
    /**
     * Calls methods to clear the overlay layers
     * @function clearMeasurements
     * @signature
     */
    clearMeasurements () {
        this.clearMeasureOverlays();
    },
    /**
     * Adds the move handler to display the help tooltip
     * @function addMapHover
     */
    addMapHover () {
        if (!this.pointerMoveKey) {
            this.pointerMoveKey = this.map.on('pointermove', this.updateHelpOverlay.bind(this));
        }
    },
    /**
     * Removes the help tooltip move handler
     * @function removeMapHover
     */
    removeMapHover () {
        if (this.pointerMoveKey) {
            ol.Observable.unByKey(this.pointerMoveKey);
            this.pointerMoveKey = null;
        }
        this.helpOverlay.setPosition(undefined);
    },
    /**
     * Creates an ol interaction for the specified type
     * @function getInteraction
     * @signature
     * @param {String} type The type of interaction to retrieve
     * @return {ol.Interaction} The initialized ol interaction object that can be
     * added to a map via `map.addInteraction`
     */
    getInteraction (type) {
        const interaction = new ol.interaction.Draw({
            source: this.vectorLayer.getSource(),
            type: type,
            style: new ol.style.Style({
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'
                }),
                stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                    color: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',
                    lineDash: [10, 10],
                    width: 2
                }),
                image: new ol.style.Circle({
                    radius: 5,
                    stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                        color: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)'
                    }),
                    fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                        color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'
                    })
                })
            })
        });
        interaction.on('drawstart', this.drawStart.bind(this));
        interaction.on('drawend', this.drawEnd.bind(this));
        return interaction;
    },
    /**
     * Initializes a vector layer for the interaction to draw on
     * @function initVectorLayer
     * @signature
     * @param {ol.Map} map The openlayers map
     */
    initVectorLayer (map) {
        const vectorSource = new ol.source.Vector();
        this.vectorLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            title: 'Measurements',
            id: 'measure' + this.instanceId,
            source: vectorSource,
            style: new ol.style.Style({
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'rgba(14,138,231, 0.2)'
                }),
                stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                    color: '#0e8ae7',
                    width: 2
                }),
                image: new ol.style.Circle({
                    radius: 7,
                    fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                        color: '#0e8ae7'
                    })
                })
            })
        });
        map.addLayer(this.vectorLayer);
    },
    /**
     * Initializes the help overlay on the map
     * @function initHelpOverlay
     * @signature
     * @param {ol.Map} map The openlayers map
     */
    initHelpOverlay (map) {
        const node = map.getViewport();
        window.node = node;
        const frag = helpOverlayTemplate(this);
        const helpNode = node.appendChild(frag.firstChild);
        this.helpOverlay = new ol.Overlay({
            element: helpNode,
            offset: [15, 0],
            positioning: 'center-left'
        });
        map.addOverlay(this.helpOverlay);
    },
    /**
     * Creates and returns a new overlay to render measurement data into
     * @function getMeasureOverlay
     * @signature
     * @param {DefineMap} attributes The attributes to place in the measure overlay
     * @return {ol.Overlay} The overlay that can be added to the map via `map.addOverlay`
     */
    getMeasureOverlay (attributes) {
        const node = this.map.getViewport();
        const frag = measureOverlayTemplate(attributes);
        const measureNode = node.appendChild(frag.firstChild);

        return new ol.Overlay({
            element: measureNode,
            offset: [-15, 0],
            positioning: 'bottom-center'
        });
    },
    /**
     * Clears any existing measurement overlays and drawings
     * @function clearMeasureOverlays
     * @signature
     */
    clearMeasureOverlays () {
        this.measureOverlays.forEach((o) => {
            const element = o.getElement();
            this.map.removeOverlay(o);
            element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
        });
        this.measureOverlays.replace([]);
        this.vectorLayer.getSource().clear();
    },
    /**
     * Sets the help overlay position. If the mouse event is dragging, the
     * help position will not be updated
     * @function updateHelpOverlay
     * @signature
     * @param {ol.MapBrowserEvent}  evt The mouse move event
     */
    updateHelpOverlay (evt) {
        if (evt.dragging) {
            return;
        }
        this.helpOverlay.setPosition(evt.coordinate);
    },
    /**
     * Sets up a new measurement drawing
     * @function drawStart
     * @signature
     * @param {ol.MapBrowserEvent} evt The pointer event that started the drawing
     *
     */
    drawStart (evt) {
        this.measureOverlay = this.getMeasureOverlay(this);
        this.map.addOverlay(this.measureOverlay);
        evt.feature.set('name', 'Measurement');
        const geom = evt.feature.getGeometry();
        if (geom instanceof ol.geom.Point) {
            this.measureOverlay.setPosition(geom.getLastCoordinate());
            this.measureValue = conversion.getPosition(geom,
                this.map.getView().getProjection(),
                this.activeUnits.value
            );
            this.drawEnd(evt);
            return;
        }
        let coords = evt.coordinate,
            value;
        geom.on('change', (e) => {
            const geomChg = e.target;
            if (geomChg instanceof ol.geom.Polygon) {
                coords = geomChg.getInteriorPoint().getCoordinates();
                value = conversion.getArea(geomChg, this.map.getView().getProjection(),
                    this.activeUnits.value, this.useGeodisic);
            } else if (geomChg instanceof ol.geom.LineString) {
                coords = geomChg.getLastCoordinate();
                value = conversion.getLength(geomChg, this.map.getView().getProjection(),
                    this.activeUnits.value, this.useGeodisic);
            }
            this.measureOverlay.setPosition(coords);
            this.measureValue = value;
        });
    },
    /**
     * Ends the measurement drawing at the current measurement overlay coordinates
     * @function drawEnd
     * @signature
     */
    drawEnd () {
        const coords = this.measureOverlay.getPosition();
        this.measureOverlay.setPosition(undefined);
        if (this.addLabels) {
            const tooltip = this.getMeasureOverlay({
                activeUnits: assign({}, this.activeUnits),
                measureValue: this.measureValue,
                cssClass: ' measure-tooltip-static'
            });
            tooltip.setOffset([0, -7]);
            this.map.addOverlay(tooltip);
            tooltip.setPosition(coords);
            this.measureOverlays.push(tooltip);
        }
    }
});

export default Component.extend({
    tag: 'measure-widget',
    view: template,
    ViewModel: ViewModel,
    events: {
        removed () {
            this.viewModel.active = false;
        }
    }
});


text:
Q: If three functions A, B and C are mutually orthogonal, is the inner product of all three functions equal to zero? Let A, B and C be mutually orthogonal functions. If so, would the following equation hold true? Is there a theorem proving this?
$\int_a^{b}ABCdx = 0$

A: Nope. Using Legendre polynomials,
$$ \int_{-1}^{1} P_1(x)P_2(x)P_3(x)\,dx = \frac{6}{35} \neq 0. $$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Narrator and Perfection
, Blogging
The book is now available at https://assholetax.es!
The Narrator, according to Marla Singer, is "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Jackass." The Narrator starts off in the movie as a hostage, which we later find out, isn't to be. The Narrator is a hostage to himself, being held captive by Tyler Durden.
If you're confused by now, I don't blame you. On many subsequent viewings of the movie, it's hard to tell when Tyler has taken over, or when the Narrator is truly in charge. For the sake of all involved, I'll pretend this is intentional.
The Narrator chooses early on not to focus in on this hostage situation but on his insomnia problem. The craziness, the multiple personalities, and Mr. Jackass, all started out with his inability to sleep.
Try thinking of the worst insomnia you've ever had. Any point past three or four days without regular sleep is very bad for your health. At one point in my life, I went ten days without sleep. I was so scared and malnourished that I checked myself into a hospital. The Narrator went without sleep for six months. No wonder this guy was crazy.
The Narrator had a great job as well. He was an accident investigator for one of the "big names" of motor companies. "Which company do you work for?" a single-serving-friend asked him on a flight. "A major one." he would reply.
He was all pressed, in his white shirt and tie — a drone of the corporate world. He answered to a higher power, which was his boss with a cornflower blue tie and grande latte enema. In other words, the Narrator was a slave and he eagerly wanted to break free.
The Narrator felt content to order from catalogs, creating the perfect condo full of condiments, furniture, and dish-ware. All of this proved secondary to the Narrator needing to sleep.
He pleaded with his doctor, "Can you just give me something?", which was followed by a stern, "No." from his doctor.
"I'm in pain!" the Narrator pleaded. The doctor encouraged him that if he wanted to see pain, to attend various support groups. "That's pain." the doctor concluded.
It was only then that the Narrator decided to check out these support groups, and realize, "Holy shit, these people are pretty fucked up." The Narrator could simulate his rock bottom with these support groups, and was once again able to sleep.
This is about when Marla came in, screwing up his support group fetish, and plunging the Narrator back into insomnia.
We've already covered Marla (ah, flashback humor), so let's delve into when the Narrator decided to call himself from a pay phone outside of his condo, have drinks with himself, and then tell himself, "I want you to hit me as hard as you can."
He proceeded to beat the living shit out of himself, thus starting the first ever Fight Club beat down.
I must ask, have you ever been with a fight with yourself? Perhaps punched a wall or thrown something that ricocheted back. Like, actually drawn blood. Maybe you punched yourself in the abs to see how strong you were. Yeah, none of that is compared to what the Narrator was prepared to do to himself.
The Narrator started Fight Club. The Narrator was Tyler Durden, asking himself, "I want you to hit me as hard as you can." He likely punched himself in the ear (not an easy task) and then proceeded to punch himself in the gut (again, not an easy task). In fact, stop reading this now and try it (only kidding).
But the Narrator was not himself at this point. He had invented this separate personality that could compensate for all the things the he was not willing to do. For example, why in the world would the Narrator want to blow up his precious condo? "That condo was my life!" he told a police investigator when pressed as to who could do such a thing.
The Narrator, in his life, was seeking perfection. Or, what his idea of perfection was at the time. In the beginning, the Narrator was seeking perfection by filling his condo with an inordinate amount of useless shit. He was reinforcing this perfection by going to groups, crying over Bob's big tits and listening to Chloe rant about her sex life.
He exuded this perfection when talking to his single-serving-friends. Even with Tyler, when he met him for the first time on the plane, the Narrator was cocky. "So how's that working out?" Tyler would ask, referring to the Narrator being clever. "Good." the Narrator would reply, still proud of himself.
It wasn't until at the airport when his luggage was confiscated did we start seeing the Narrator fall from perfection. When he arrived at his building to see his condo had exploded, the Narrator was in utter shock. "Is there someone you can call?" the doorman would ask. He only had two people who would answer the phone: Marla Singer and Tyler Durden.
Overtime, after starting Fight Club, the Narrator's idea would change. He would challenge people to random fights, even in his imagination. "Who would you fight?" Tyler asked. "I'd fight Gandhi." "Good answer." Tyler chimed.
The Narrator would eventually challenge his boss to a fight. Then destroy Angel Face's face in a fight after the Narrator grew jealous of the supposed favoritism shown by Tyler.
Eventually, the Narrator would throw his relationship with Marla away, demand to be arrested, escape, and then end up holding a gun to his own head minutes before several buildings nearby were to explode.
I mean, how far down can a guy go? Is this hitting rock bottom, or is this just an utter and complete fall from the Narrator's ideal of perfection?
In the end, the Narrator fulfilled Tyler's ultimate goal, with Tyler saying (in their second meeting over beers), "I say never be complete, I say stop being perfect." Tyler would go on, "I say let… lets evolve, let the chips fall where they may."
The Narrator's fall from perfection didn't come easy. He fell quite a ways. But he still ended up with some souvenirs, namely Marla and loyalty from his colleagues in Project Mayhem.
Not all of us are as prepared to fall from grace as the Narrator. Just as with Tyler and hitting rock bottom, take stock in what you have. No matter how far you fall, you're still the same person, as the Narrator demonstrates at the end when all of the nearby buildings start to explode around him.