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. This class models an integer array that avoids the problem of out-of-bounds references of native arrays. The fundamental operations of the this array are similar to native arrays, though they may not be copied nor assigned, severely limiting their practical benefit (for reasons of pedagogy). class IntArray public IntArray (int n.
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You are given an integer array a of size n and an integer k
Oct 25, 2017 You&39;re basically wanting to check to see if any of the variables match a given integer and if so, assign it a letter that matches it in a one-to-one mapping. You want to do that for a certain list of integers so that the output is a list of letters. You&39;d do that like this.
Given an array A of size n, and integer k. Find maximum force by involving only k elements. Force of element is the square of its value Ask Question Asked 11 months ago.
Example 1 C program to implement selection sort in ascending order Below is the complete C program that sorts an array in ascending order using selection sort The printArray method prints the content of an array. It takes the array and its size as its parameters and prints its content by using a for loop. The swap method swaps two values.
You are given two non-empty zero-indexed arrays A and B consisting of N integers. These arrays represent N planks. This array represents M nails. More precisely, C I is the position where you can hammer in the Ith nail. We say that a plank (A K, B K) is nailed if there exists a nail C I such. tree grapple saw truck for sale.
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Exercises 1) Create an arbitrary one dimensional array called "v". 2) Create a new array which consists of the odd indices of previously created array "v". 3) Create a new array in backwards ordering from v. 5) Create a two dimensional array called "m". server 2016 temporary profile.
Write a function class Solution f public int solution (int 1 A)) that, given an integer array A of length N, returns an integer denoting the number of starting points from which you can reach (maybe by jumping mo than once) the end of the array A (index N-1). For example, given A 10, 13, 12, 14, 15 the function should return 2.
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There may be a trade-off between vector size , demodulation complexity at the receiver, and FFT size, for a given channel bandwidth. Note that the length of the CP part in the sequential form does not have to be an integer multiple of the vector size, . One can truncate the above vectorized CP to a sequential CP of length not less than the ISI ..
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You are given an array of n1 integers where all the elements lies in 1,n. You are also given that one of the elements is duplicated a certain number of times, whilst the others.
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How do I split a list of arbitrary length into equal sized chunks See How to iterate over a list in chunks if the data result will be used directly for a loop, and does not need to be stored. For.. Busca trabajos relacionados con Given an integer array a of size n write a program to print the farthest element from 0 o contrata en el mercado de freelancing m&225;s grande del mundo con m&225;s de 22m de trabajos. Es gratis registrarse y presentar tus propuestas laborales.
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This class models an integer array that avoids the problem of out-of-bounds references of native arrays. The fundamental operations of the this array are similar to native arrays, though they may not be copied nor assigned, severely limiting their practical benefit (for reasons of pedagogy). class IntArray public IntArray (int n.
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That, Given An Array A Of N Integers , Returns The Smallest Positive Integer (greater Than 0) That Does Not Occur In A . Python. In this Article we will go through That, Given An Array A Of N Integers , Returns The Smallest Positive >Integer<b> (greater Than 0).
Given an array of integers, calculate which fraction of its elements are positive, which fraction of its elements are negative, and which fraction of its elements are zeroes, respectively. Print the. This function will return an array of strings, it is a version of strsplit() with support for encodings of variable character size as well as fixed-size encodings of 1.
Task Calculate the hourglass sum for every hourglass in , then print the maximum hourglass sum And I tend to agree, it took me a while to solve it Auxiliary Space O(sum n), as the size of 2 -D array is sum n Become a competitive programmer & learn how to solve complex coding problems efficiently & quickly to win competitions on Codechef, Codeforces, Topcoder,. For example, consider the given array and its memory representation. int arr 10, 20, 30, 40, 50; Pointer and array memory representation. If you have a pointer say ptr pointing at arr 0. Then you can easily apply pointer arithmetic to get reference of next array element. You can either use (ptr 1) or ptr to point to arr 1.
He has actually given you the whole answer. Not just a hint. And your understanding is based on max heap.Not min heap.And it's workings are self-explanatory. In a min heap, the root has the minimum (less than it's children) value. So, what you need is, iterate over the array and populate K elements in min heap.Once, it's done, the heap automatically.
An integral type with n bits can encode 2 n numbers; for example an unsigned type typically represents the non-negative values 0 through 2 n 1. Other encodings of integer values to bit patterns are sometimes used, for example binary-coded decimal or Gray code, or as printed character codes such as ASCII..
Find the contiguous sub-array (containing at least one number) which has the maximum sum and return its sum; maximum contiguous subarray where sum is not negative; Given an array of integers, for each contiguous subarray calculate the following value power subarray sum minimum element of subarray.
The nth element of this array holds the offset of the nth submatch, so 1 is the offset past where 1 ends, 2 the offset past where 2 ends, and so on. You can use to determine how many subgroups were in the last successful match. See the examples given for the -variable. This variable was added in Perl v5.6.0. CAPTURE.
C program to input and print an integer number Here, we are writing a C program that will read an integer value and print it. Submitted by IncludeHelp, on December 05, 2018. Since, to read a string value or to print a line, we use Console.ReadLine -.
He has actually given you the whole answer. Not just a hint. And your understanding is based on max heap.Not min heap.And it's workings are self-explanatory. In a min heap, the root has the minimum (less than it's children) value. So, what you need is, iterate over the array and populate K elements in min heap.Once, it's done, the heap automatically. Input Format The first line of input contains two space-separated integers 'N' and 'S', denoting the size of the input array and the value of 'S'. The second and last line of input.
Three-dimensional mesh for q (k1-k2) sampling of the Fock operator (EXX). Can be smaller than the number of k-points. Currently this defaults to the size of the k-point mesh used. In QE < 5.0.2 it defaulted to nqx1nqx2nqx31..
You are given an array of N integers, A1, A2 ,, AN and an integer K. Return the of count of distinct numbers in all windows of size K. Formally, return an array of size N-K1 where i&x27;th element in this array contains number of distinct elements in sequence Ai, Ai1 ,, Aik-1. DNUMS.py.
n an integer that represents the length of arr; arr an array of integers; Input Format. The first line contains a single integer , the size of . The second line contains space-separated integers . Constraints. Output Format. Print the minimum absolute difference between any two elements in the array. Sample Input 0. 3 3 -7 0. Sample Output 0.
Space is O (n m cost). Space can be further optimized to O (m cost) as only i-1 matters. Can also be further optimized to use only one prefix dp array. dp i j k represents. In insertion sort, each element in an array is shifted to its correct position in the array.We have to find out the total number of shifts required to sort an array.The total number of shifts is an integer.
removing outliers using iqr. Jul 29, 2020 &183; Hackerrank Java 2D Array Solution.You are given a 2D array.An hourglass in an array is a portion shaped like this For example, if we create an hourglass using the numberHackerrank Java 2D Array Solution.You are given a 2D array.An hourglass in an array is a portion shaped like this For example, if we create.
The Gram matrix of a set of n vectors x 1,.,x n; x j R p is an n-by-n matrix with element (j,k) defined as G(x j,x k) <(x j),(x k)>, an inner product of the transformed predictors using the kernel function . For nonlinear SVM, the algorithm forms a Gram matrix using the rows of the predictor data X..
Therefore, the calculation of total variable cost will be as follows . These costs help determine the total production cost , an individual contribution from a given product, etc. This article has been a guide to the Total Variable Cost and its definition. Here we discuss the formula to.
Given an array of size n and an integer k, find all elements in the array that appear more than nk times. Examples Input arr 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, k 4 Output 2, 3 Explanation Here nk is 84 2, therefore 2 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2 and 3 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2. He has actually given you the whole answer. Not just a hint. And your understanding is based on max heap.Not min heap.And it's workings are self-explanatory. In a min heap, the root has the minimum (less than it's children) value. So, what you need is, iterate over the array and populate K elements in min heap.Once, it's done, the heap automatically.
We have to find out the total number of shifts required to sort an array . The total number of shifts is an integer number and if the array is already sorted, we return 0. So, if the input is like input array 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, then the.
Given an array of size n and an integer k, find all elements in the array that appear more than nk times. Examples Input arr 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, k 4 Output 2, 3 Explanation Here nk is 84 2, therefore 2 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2 and 3 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2.
Computer Science Secondary School answered You have been given an integer array A of size N. You have also given an integer X. You are allowed to perform the following operation any number of times nagbhai703 is waiting for your help. Add your answer and earn points. Answer No one rated this answer yet why not be the first priyanshu0102. You are allowed to perform several operations on the padlock. that, given a non-empty string S consisting of N characters and two non-empty arrays P and Q consisting of M integers , returns an array consisting of M integers specifying the consecutive answers to all queries. how long do fortnite hwid bans last. hca pay raise 2022.
Oct 13, 2014 &183; We consider a similar problem where instead of a single subarray, we want at most k disjoint subarrays, such that the sum together is maximized.In fact, this is the Maximum. int arr n an array of integers Print Print the ratios of positive, negative and zero values in the array.Each value should be printed on a separate line with digits after the decimal.
There&39;s a lot of multidimensional arraykeys function out there, but each of them only merges all the keys in one flat array. Here&39;s a way to find all the keys from a multidimensional array while keeping the array structure..
A simple way to find the length (i.e number of digits) of signed integer is this while (abs(n) > 9) num 10; len; Where n is the integer you want to find the length of and where len is equal to the number of digits in the integer. This works for both values of n (negative or positive)..
answered, You are given an array A of N integers . You can perform the following operation as many times as you like- Choose two indices i and j (1 < i < j < N), replace A i by A i OR A j and replace A j by A i AND A j. where OR and AND are logical operators). Given A 1, 2, 3, the function should return 4. Python given an array A of N integers , returns the smallest positive integer (greater than 0). Jun 03, 2021 &183; Floating point is stored as a rational number, being an integer of a certain with and an exponent to scale it the numerator and the denominator, effectively.
use integer; you may tell the compiler to use integer operations (see integer for a detailed explanation) from here to the end of the enclosing BLOCK. An inner BLOCK may countermand this by saying. no integer; which lasts until the end of that BLOCK..
It takes one required integer value, which is 4096 by default. If a function that has a "stack-probe-size" attribute is inlined into a function with another "stack-probe-size" attribute, the resulting function has the "stack-probe-size" attribute that has the lower numeric value..
Code import java.util.; public class Chegg Function to print the number of triplets having two argument given are threshold and array public static int triplets (int t,int arr) int n View the full answer. quot;>.
1. Given A 5, 3, 6, 1, 3) and K 2, the function should return 2. You can remove the third and fourth elements to obtain the following array (5,3,3). Its maximal element is 5 and its minimal element is 3, so the amplitude is 2. 2. Given A 8, 8, 4, 3) and K 2, the function should return O. A simple way to find the length (i.e number of digits) of signed integer is this while (abs(n) > 9) num 10; len; Where n is the integer you want to find the length of and where len is equal to the number of digits in the integer. This works for both values of n (negative or positive)..
. C program to input and print an integer number Here, we are writing a C program that will read an integer value and print it. Submitted by IncludeHelp, on December 05, 2018. Since, to read a string value or to print a line, we use Console.ReadLine -.
Medium. Given an array of integers nums and an integer k, return the total number of subarrays whose sum equals to k.A subarray is a contiguous non-empty sequence of elements within an array .Example 1 Input nums 1,1,1, k 2 Output 2. Example 2 Input nums 1,2,3, k 3 Output 2. Apr 12, 2019 &183; Here is a a quasilinear approach, assuming the elements of the.
You are given an integer array &x27;ARR&x27; of size &x27;N&x27; and an integer &x27;S&x27;. Your task is to return the list of all pairs of elements such that each sum of elements of each pair equals &x27;S&x27;. Note Each pair should be sorted i.e the first value should be less than or equals to the second value. This class models an integer array that avoids the problem of out-of-bounds references of native arrays. The fundamental operations of the this array are similar to native arrays, though they may not be copied nor assigned, severely limiting their practical benefit (for reasons of pedagogy). class IntArray public IntArray (int n.
1. Given A 5, 3, 6, 1, 3) and K 2, the function should return 2. You can remove the third and fourth elements to obtain the following array (5,3,3). Its maximal element is 5 and its minimal element is 3, so the amplitude is 2. 2. Given A 8, 8, 4, 3) and K 2, the function should return O.
The first line will contain two integers N and M separated by a single space. The next M lines will each contain three integers a , b and k separated spaces. The numbers in the list are numbered from 1 to N. Output Format. A single integer on a separate line line containing maximum value in the updated >list<b>.
Find the log base 2 of an N-bit integer in O(lg(N)) operations; Find the log base 2 of an N-bit integer in O(lg(N)) operations with multiply and lookup; Find integer log base 10 of an integer; Find integer log base 10 of an integer the obvious way; Find integer log base 2 of a 32-bit IEEE float.
Sep 01, 2022 Time Complexity O(n 2) . Auxiliary Space O(1) A Better Solution is to use sorting. Sort all pairs by the first element. For every pair, do a binary search for the second element in the given array, i.e., check if the second element of this pair exists as the first element in the array..
The array is null-terminated, so if no callback function is supported, this field points to 4 bytes set to zero. For information about the prototype for these functions, see TLS Callback Functions. 1632 4 Size of Zero Fill The size in bytes of the template, beyond the initialized data delimited by the Raw Data Start VA and Raw Data End ..
Oct 18, 2022 Lets suppose the length of the given string num be n.so the result string will contain the length of n-k. As we proceed to solve this problem we should make sure that the output string contains minimum values at their high weightage positions. so we ensure that by using a stack. Return 0 if k >n. and return num if k0..
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For example, consider the given array and its memory representation. int arr 10, 20, 30, 40, 50; Pointer and array memory representation. If you have a pointer say ptr pointing at arr 0. Then you can easily apply pointer arithmetic to get reference of next array element. You can either use (ptr 1) or ptr to point to arr 1.
Calculate variable cost per unit and total variable cost for a given company. Then, find data on the average variable cost for that company's industry. It should reduce its expenses or raise its prices. rdp username and password list 2022. legend of korra comics pdf. nutone.
Jan 09, 2020 The first line of the input contain an integers T denoting the number of test cases . then T test cases follows.each case consists of two lines .the first line of each test case is N and S. where N is the size of aaray and S is the sum .the second line of the test case contain N space separted intergers denoting the array elements. output.
You are given an array A of N integers and an integer K. You.ask 2. 2. You can remove the third and fourth elements to obtain the following array (5,3,3). Its maximal element.
Solved Given a non-empty integer array of size n, find the minimum number of moves it takes to make all the integers equal, where a move means incrementing n-1 integers by 1. It turns out that incrementing n-1 numbers has the ""same effect"" as decrementing a single number. By ""same effect"", I mean it takes the same number of steps to make all the integers equal.
For example, consider the given array and its memory representation. int arr 10, 20, 30, 40, 50; Pointer and array memory representation. If you have a pointer say ptr pointing at arr 0. Then you can easily apply pointer arithmetic to get reference of next array element. You can either use (ptr 1) or ptr to point to arr 1. Given an array of size n and an integer k, find all elements in the array that appear more than nk times. Examples Input arr 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, k 4 Output 2, 3 Explanation Here nk is 84 2, therefore 2 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2 and 3 appears 3 times in the array that is greater than 2.
Two Sum Easy Given an array of integers nums and an integer target, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to target. You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution, and you may not use the same element twice. You.
Given an array of integers, 1 ai n (n size of array), some elements appear twice and others appear once.Find all the elements that appear twice in this array.Could you do it.
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You are allowed to perform several operations on the padlock. that, given a non-empty string S consisting of N characters and two non-empty arrays P and Q consisting of M integers , returns an array consisting of M integers specifying the consecutive answers to all queries. how long do fortnite hwid bans last. hca pay raise 2022. Busca trabajos relacionados con Given an integer array a of size n write a program to print the farthest element from 0 o contrata en el mercado de freelancing m&225;s grande del mundo con m&225;s de 22m de trabajos. Es gratis registrarse y presentar tus propuestas laborales.
He has actually given you the whole answer. Not just a hint. And your understanding is based on max heap.Not min heap.And it's workings are self-explanatory. In a min heap, the root has the minimum (less than it's children) value. So, what you need is, iterate over the array and populate K elements in min heap.Once, it's done, the heap automatically. Search for jobs related to Given an integer array a of size n write a program to print the farthest element from 0 or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m jobs. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs.
Search for jobs related to Given an integer array a of size n write a program to print the farthest element from 0 or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m jobs. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Discuss Given an array arr of N integers and an integer X, the task is to find three integers in arr such that the sum is closest to X. Examples Input arr -1, 2, 1, -4, X 1 Output 2 Explanation Sums of triplets (-1) 2 1 2 (-1) 2 (-4) -3 2 1 (-4) -1 2 is closest to 1.
To take input of an array, we must ask the user about the length of the array. After that, we use a Java for loop to take the input from the user and the same for loop is also used for retrieving the elements from the array.
You are given an array of n integers and two integers m and k (1) create an array FrequencyCount (1 to n-1) .(2) scan the input array just once, and increment FrequencyCount (m) , if ith element. In this approach, we first sort the given array.We then use two pointers (say left and right) which are initially pointed to the leftmost and rightmost arrayarray.
Sep 13, 2022 Given an array arr, find the maximum j i such that arrj > arri Sliding Window Maximum (Maximum of all subarrays of size K) Sliding Window Maximum (Maximum of all subarrays of size k) using stack in O(n) time; Next Greater Element (NGE) for every element in given Array; Next greater element in same order as input; Next Greater ..
12 hours ago &183; Sep 20, 2016 &183; The cake number is so-called because one may imagine each partition of the cube by a plane as a slice made by a knife through a cube-shaped cake. 4 Medium 0321 Create LeetCode - Maximum Area of a Piece of Cake After Horizontal and Vertical Cuts You are given a rectangular cake of size h x w and two arrays of integers.
Nov 11, 2022 Given an array of N numbers and a positive integer K. The problem is to find K numbers with the most occurrences, i.e., the top K numbers having the maximum frequency. If two numbers have the same frequency then the number with a larger value should be given preference. The numbers should be displayed in decreasing order of their frequencies..
Task Calculate the hourglass sum for every hourglass in , then print the maximum hourglass sum And I tend to agree, it took me a while to solve it Auxiliary Space O(sum n), as the size of 2 -D array is sum n Become a competitive programmer & learn how to solve complex coding problems efficiently & quickly to win competitions on Codechef, Codeforces, Topcoder,.
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Engineering; Computer Science; Computer Science questions and answers; You are given an integer array A of size N. You can jump from index J to index K, such that K> J, in the following way , during odd-numbered jumps (i.e. jumps 1, 3, 5 and so on), you jump to the smallest index K such that Aj < Ak and A- AJ is minimal among all possible K&x27;s during even-numbered jumps (i.e. jumps 2, 4, 6 and.
12 hours ago &183; Sep 20, 2016 &183; The cake number is so-called because one may imagine each partition of the cube by a plane as a slice made by a knife through a cube-shaped cake. 4 Medium 0321 Create LeetCode - Maximum Area of a Piece of Cake After Horizontal and Vertical Cuts You are given a rectangular cake of size h x w and two arrays of integers. . n an integer that represents the length of arr; arr an array of integers; Input Format. The first line contains a single integer , the size of . The second line contains space-separated integers . Constraints. Output Format. Print the minimum absolute difference between any two elements in the array. Sample Input 0. 3 3 -7 0. Sample Output 0. Engineering; Computer Science; Computer Science questions and answers; You are given an integer array A of size N. You can jump from index J to index K, such that K> J, in the following way , during odd-numbered jumps (i.e. jumps 1, 3, 5 and so on), you jump to the smallest index K such that Aj < Ak and A- AJ is minimal among all possible K&x27;s during even-numbered jumps (i.e. jumps 2, 4, 6 and.
Given an array of integers, 1 ai n (n size of array), some elements appear twice and others appear once.Find all the elements that appear twice in this array.Could you do it. access token has expired or is not yet valid power automate; crayon competitive intelligence pricing; the four key characteristics of mfdm are.
Balanced Array . You are given a positive integer n , it is guaranteed that n is even (i.e. divisible by 2). the sum of the first half equals to the sum of the second half (i1n2aiin21nai). If there are multiple answers, you can print any.
In the following parts, we have updated the Infosys Technical Questions and. infosys digital Interview Questions and Answers. You can get a job based on these infosys digital intewrview questions that were created based on the research and survey of the company.
Aug 07, 2018 N is an integer within the range 1.100,000; each element of array A is an integer within the range 1,000,000.1,000,000. Complexity expected worst-case time complexity is O(N); expected worst-case space complexity is O(N) (not counting the storage required for input arguments)..
Discuss Given an array arr of N integers and an integer X, the task is to find three integers in arr such that the sum is closest to X. Examples Input arr -1, 2, 1, -4, X 1 Output 2 Explanation Sums of triplets (-1) 2 1 2 (-1) 2 (-4) -3 2 1 (-4) -1 2 is closest to 1.
How do I split a list of arbitrary length into equal sized chunks See How to iterate over a list in chunks if the data result will be used directly for a loop, and does not need to be stored. For..
You're given an array A of N integers (between -100 and 100), calculate the multiplied value of all elements inside the array and return (-1, 0, 1) based on the output. For instance A 1,2,3 will return 1 because the output is (6), A -1,2,3 will return -1 because the output is (-6), A 1,2,0 will return 0 because the output is (0).
Oct 21, 2022 Given an array of size n and an integer k, find all elements in the array that appear more than nk times. The idea is to pick all elements one by one. For every picked element, count its occurrences by traversing the array, if count becomes more than nk, then print the element. Follow the steps ..
n an integer that represents the length of arr; arr an array of integers; Input Format. The first line contains a single integer , the size of . The second line contains space-separated integers . Constraints. Output Format. Print the minimum absolute difference between any two elements in the array. Sample Input 0. 3 3 -7 0. Sample Output 0. We have to find out the total number of shifts required to sort an array . The total number of shifts is an integer number and if the array is already sorted, we return 0. So, if the input is like input array 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, then the.
For each query, you are given an integer X, and you're supposed to find out if X is present in the array A or not. Input The first line contains two integers, N and Q, denoting the size of array A and number of queries. The second line contains N space separated integers, denoting the array of elements Ai.
Create arrays a and b of the mentioned size and fill it with uniformly random numbers between (0-max(sizea, sizeb)) &194; <- in this case this would be 0. you are given integers A a0, a1, a2, &183; &183; &183; an, where a are integers . We want to determine the largest sum of a portion.
Note You may assume k. You are given an array A with n distinct elements. Implement an O (n log n)-time algorithm that creates an array B where all elements are in range from 0 to n 1 and where the order of elements is the same as in A. Given an integer array nums and an integer k, return the number of.
Calculate variable cost per unit and total variable cost for a given company. Then, find data on the average variable cost for that company's industry. It should reduce its expenses or raise its prices. rdp username and password list 2022. legend of korra comics pdf. nutone. Given an array A of size n, and integer k. Find maximum force by involving only k elements. Force of element is the square of its value Ask Question Asked 11 months ago.
For example Alice took a sorted array 4,6,8,10,11 and if she rotates it by 3, then the array becomes 8, 10, 11, 4, 6. After rotating a sorted array , Alice gave a number ' K ' to Bob and asked him to search for a pair in an array . fundamentals of aerodynamics 7th edition pdf. stm32 gd32 if you search someone on.
Note You may assume k. You are given an array A with n distinct elements. Implement an O (n log n)-time algorithm that creates an array B where all elements are in range from 0 to n 1 and where the order of elements is the same as in A. Given an integer array nums and an integer k, return the number of. Example 1 C program to implement selection sort in ascending order Below is the complete C program that sorts an array in ascending order using selection sort The printArray method prints the content of an array. It takes the array and its size as its parameters and prints its content by using a for loop. The swap method swaps two values.
Two strings A and B comprising of lower case English letters are compatible if they are equal or can be made equal by following this step any number of times Select a prefix from the string A (possibly empty), and increase the alphabetical value of all the characters in the prefix by the same valid amount.
Write a function class Solution f public int solution (int 1 A)) that, given an integer array A of length N, returns an integer denoting the number of starting points from which you can reach (maybe by jumping mo than once) the end of the array A (index N-1). For example, given A 10, 13, 12, 14, 15 the function should return 2. You are given an array A of N integers and an integer K. You.ask 2. 2. You can remove the third and fourth elements to obtain the following array (5,3,3). Its maximal element.
This class models an integer array that avoids the problem of out-of-bounds references of native arrays. The fundamental operations of the this array are similar to native arrays, though they may not be copied nor assigned, severely limiting their practical benefit (for reasons of pedagogy). class IntArray public IntArray (int n. Therefore, the calculation of total variable cost will be as follows . These costs help determine the total production cost , an individual contribution from a given product, etc. This article has been a guide to the Total Variable Cost and its definition. Here we discuss the formula to.
Given two integer arrays nums1 and nums2, return an array of their intersection. Each element in the result must appear as many times as it shows in both arrays and you may return the result in any order. Example 1 Input nums1 1,2,2,1, nums2 2,2 Output 2,2 Example 2.
This class models an integer array that avoids the problem of out-of-bounds references of native arrays. The fundamental operations of the this array are similar to native arrays, though they may not be copied nor assigned, severely limiting their practical benefit (for reasons of pedagogy). class IntArray public IntArray (int n. The nth element of this array holds the offset of the nth submatch, so 1 is the offset past where 1 ends, 2 the offset past where 2 ends, and so on. You can use to determine how many subgroups were in the last successful match. See the examples given for the -variable. This variable was added in Perl v5.6.0. CAPTURE.
That, Given An Array A Of N Integers , Returns The Smallest Positive Integer (greater Than 0) That Does Not Occur In A . Python. In this Article we will go through That, Given An Array A Of N Integers , Returns The Smallest Positive >Integer<b> (greater Than 0). .
Unpacks from a binary string into an array according to the given format. The unpacked data is stored in an associative array. To accomplish this you have to name the different format codes and separate them by a slash . If a repeater argument is present, then each of the array keys will have a sequence number behind the given name..
Soluciona tus problemas matem&225;ticos con nuestro solucionador matem&225;tico gratuito, que incluye soluciones paso a paso. Nuestro solucionador matem&225;tico admite matem&225;ticas b&225;sicas, pre-&225;lgebra, &225;lgebra, trigonometr&237;a, c&225;lculo y mucho m&225;s. Note You may assume k. You are given an array A with n distinct elements. Implement an O (n log n)-time algorithm that creates an array B where all elements are in range from 0 to n 1 and where the order of elements is the same as in A. Given an integer array nums and an integer k, return the number of.
Sep 29, 2022 Time Complexity O(NM). Here N is the number of ranges and M is the maximum number of elements in any of the ranges. Auxiliary Space O(M). For Hash table. Maximum occurred integer in n ranges using Difference array technique. Below is the idea to solve the problem The idea is to use the Difference array technique. Create a vector initialized ..
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2 . Authors Guide. This chapter introduces the high-level syntax for the Clinical Quality Language focused on measure and decision support authors. This syntax provides a human-readable, yet precise mechanism for expressing logic in both the measurement and.


text:
Q: Where to put these kind of queries in DDD I have an entity Institute and a repository InstituteRepository which fetches Institute objects based on criteria passed. Now somewhere in my application, I need ViewCount for the institute (No. of times the institute page has been viewed, which is stored and updated in a database table).
I cache my Institute objects, but since ViewCount is very dynamic, I would like to fetch it afresh everytime. Question is, where should I put my getViewCount() function?
Can I have a function like getViewCount() in InstituteRepository? If not, what's the best place for it?
Appreciate any help and sorry for the vague title.

A: This would definitely fit in a separate bounded context that tracks "viewing related behavior". No need for a repository. Assuming you're using a relational datastore, just do an "insert into InstituteViewRecord (instituteid, user-who-viewed-id, date-and-time-of-viewing) values (...)" to track this information and a "select count(*) from InstituteViewRecord where instituteid = ". KISS. Any remoting needs can be satisfied using RPC or other mechanisms of messaging. I doubt this functionality is core domain.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Attorney–client privilege
This article is about the law in the United States. For an overview, see Legal professional privilege. For the law in England and Wales, see Legal professional privilege in England and Wales. For the law in Australia, see Legal professional privilege in Australia.
Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the name given to the common law concept of legal professional privilege in the United States. Attorney–client privilege is "[a] client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications between the client and the attorney."[1]
The attorney–client privilege is one of the oldest privileges for confidential communications.[2] The United States Supreme Court has stated that by assuring confidentiality, the privilege encourages clients to make "full and frank" disclosures to their attorneys, who are then better able to provide candid advice and effective representation.[3]
1 General requirements under United States law
2 When the privilege may not apply
2.1 Crime–fraud exception
2.2 Disclosure ostensibly to support lawyer's own interests
2.3 Disclosure for the purpose of probate
3 Tax practice
4 In the federal courts
General requirements under United States lawEdit
Although there are minor variations, the elements necessary to establish the attorney–client privilege generally are:
The asserted holder of the privilege is (or sought to become) a client; and
The person to whom the communication was made:
is a member of the bar of a court, or a subordinate of such a member, and
in connection with this communication, is acting as an attorney; and
The communication was for the purpose of securing legal advice.[4]
There are a number of exceptions to the privilege in most jurisdictions, chief among them:
the communication was made in the presence of individuals who were neither attorney nor client, or was disclosed to such individuals,
the communication was made for the purpose of committing a crime or tort,
the client has waived the privilege (for example by publicly disclosing the communication).
A corollary to the attorney–client privilege is the joint defense privilege, which is also called the common interest rule.[5] The common interest rule "serves to protect the confidentiality of communications passing from one party to another party where a joint defense or strategy has been decided upon and undertaken by the parties and their respective counsel."[5]
An attorney speaking publicly in regard to a client's personal business and private affairs can be reprimanded by the bar and/or disbarred, regardless of the fact that he or she may be no longer representing the client. Discussing a client's or past client's criminal history, or otherwise, is viewed as a breach of confidentiality.[6]
The attorney–client privilege is separate from and should not be confused with the work-product doctrine.
When the privilege may not applyEdit
When an attorney is not acting primarily as an attorney but, for instance, as a business advisor, member of the Board of Directors, or in another non-legal role, then the privilege generally does not apply.[7]
The privilege protects the confidential communication, and not the underlying information. For instance, if a client has previously disclosed confidential information to a third party who is not an attorney, and then gives the same information to an attorney, the attorney–client privilege will still protect the communication to the attorney, but will not protect the communication with the third party.
The privilege may be waived if the confidential communications are disclosed to third parties.
Other limits to the privilege may apply depending on the situation being adjudicated.
Crime–fraud exceptionEdit
The crime–fraud exception can render the privilege moot when communications between an attorney and client are themselves used to further a crime, tort, or fraud. In Clark v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that "A client who consults an attorney for advice that will serve him in the commission of a fraud will have no help from the law. He must let the truth be told."[8] The crime–fraud exception also does require that the crime or fraud discussed between client and attorney be carried out to be triggered.[9] U.S. courts have not yet conclusively ruled how little knowledge an attorney can have of the underlying crime or fraud before the privilege detaches and the attorney's communications or requisite testimony become admissible.[10]
Disclosure ostensibly to support lawyer's own interestsEdit
Lawyers may disclose confidential information relating to the retainer where they are reasonably seeking to collect payment for services rendered. This is justified on policy grounds. If lawyers were unable to disclose such information, many would undertake legal work only where payment is made in advance. This would arguably adversely affect the public's access to justice.
Lawyers may also breach the duty where they are defending themselves against disciplinary or legal proceedings. A client who initiates proceedings against a lawyer effectively waives rights to confidentiality. This is justified on grounds of procedural fairness—a lawyer unable to reveal information relating to the retainer would be unable to defend themselves against such action.
Disclosure for the purpose of probateEdit
See also: Probate court and Surrogate's court
Another case is for the probate of a last will and testament. Previously confidential communications between the lawyer and testator may be disclosed in order to prove that a will represented the intent of the now deceased decedent. In many instances, the will, codicil, or other parts of the estate plan require explanation or interpretation through other proof (extrinsic evidence), such as the attorney's file notes or correspondence from the client.
In certain cases, the client may desire or consent to revelation of personal or family secrets only after his or her death; for example, the will may leave a legacy to a paramour or a natural child.
Courts have occasionally revoked the privilege after the death of the client if it is deemed that doing so serves the client's intent, such as in the case of resolving testamentary disputes among heirs.
Tax practiceEdit
In the United States, communications between accountants and their clients are usually not privileged. A person who is worried about accusations of questionable accounting, such as tax evasion, may decide to work only with an attorney or only with an accountant who is also an attorney; some or all of the resulting communications may be privileged provided that all the requirements for the attorney–client privilege are met. The mere fact that the practitioner is an attorney will not create a valid attorney–client privilege with respect to a communication. For example, if the practitioner provides business or accounting advice rather than legal advice attorney–client privilege might not be established.
Under federal tax law in the United States, for communications on or after July 22, 1998, there is a limited federally authorized accountant–client privilege that may apply to certain communications with non-attorneys.[11]
In the federal courtsEdit
If a case arises in the federal court system, the federal court will apply Rule 501 of the Federal Rules of Evidence to determine whether to apply the privilege law of the relevant state or federal common law. If the case is brought to the federal court under diversity jurisdiction, the law of the relevant state will be used to apply the privilege. If the case involves a federal question, the federal court will apply the federal common law of attorney–client privilege; however, Rule 501 grants flexibility to the federal courts, allowing them to construe the privilege "in light of experience and reason".[12]
FRE 502(b) provides that inadvertent disclosures during a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency do not act as a waiver of the privilege if the holder of the privilege "took reasonable steps to prevent disclosure" in the first place and "promptly took reasonable steps to rectify the error."[13] Parties cannot merely state that they took "reasonable steps to prevent disclosure," instead they must give the court a detailed account of the procedures they took.[14] Further, merely sending a letter demanding the return of privileged documents after discovering their inadvertent disclosure may not satisfy the requisite prompt response required.[14]
Admissible evidence
Buried Bodies Case
Contract attorney
Legal professional privilege (England & Wales)
Physician–patient privilege
Priest–penitent privilege
Privilege (evidence)
Public Interest Immunity
Reporter's privilege
Shield laws
Spousal privilege
State Secrets Privilege
Subpoena ad testificandum
Subpoena duces tecum
Swidler & Berlin v. United States
Upjohn v. United States
^ "Attorney–client privilege", Black's Law Dictionary, p. 1391 col. 2 (Bryan A. Garner 10th ed. 2014).
^ Swidler & Berlin v. United States , 524 U.S. 399, 403 (1998).
^ Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. 383, 389 (1981).
^ See, e.g., Colton v. United States, 306 F.2d 633, 637 (2d Cir. 1962), cert. denied, 371 U.S. 951, 83 S. Ct. 505 (1963), citing United States v. United Shoe Mach. Corp., 89 F. Supp. 357, 358–59 (D. Mass. 1950).
^ a b LaForest v. Honeywell International Inc., 2004 WL 1498916, p. 3
^ "Client-Lawyer Relationship Rule 1.6 Confidentiality of Information". www.americanbar.org.
^ North Pacifica, LLC v. City of Pacifica, 274 F.Supp.2d 1118, 1127 (N.D. Cal 2003); Handguards, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 69 F.R.D. 451, 453 (N.D. Cal 1975).
^ Clark v. United States, 289 U.S. 1, 15 (1933)
^ In re Grand Jury Subpoena of Francis D. Carter, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19597 (citing In re Sealed Case, 107 F.3d 46, 49, 51 (D.C. Cir. 1997)
^ See, e.g. United States v. Bauer 132 F.3d 504 (9th Cir. 1997) vs. In re Grand Jury Proceedings (1996) (9th Cir. 1996).
^ Archer, Bill (1998-07-22). "H.R.2676 - 105th Congress (1997-1998): Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
^ "Rule 501. Privilege in General". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
^ Staff, L. I. I. (2011-11-30). "Rule 502. Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
^ a b See e.g., Williams v. District of Columbia, 806 F.Supp.2d 44 (D.D.C. 2011).
Federal Rule of Evidence 502 Resource Page Provides background and key links on the 2008 amendment "to address the waiver of the attorney–client privilege and the work product doctrine."
Office of the General Counsel: The Attorney–Client Privilege from Stanford University
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attorney–client_privilege&oldid=1117215274"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag Archives: vaccine
Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Hepatitis B Treatment, Living with Hepatitis B
If Hepatitis B Is Sexually Transmitted, How Come My Partner Isn't Infected?
June 13, 2018 hepbtalk
Image courtesy of Canva
I thought hepatitis B was sexually transmitted? I just tested positive, but my partner tested negative, we've been together for years, what gives?
This question is a common one. Hepatitis B is indeed easily transmitted sexually, so why do some people — who were not vaccinated — never get hepatitis B from their sexual partners?
It comes down to variables, such as the type of sexual activity you engage in, the viral load (HBV DNA) of the infected partner, and who is on the receiving end of infectious body fluids, especially blood that contains the most virus, and semen.
Having one partner infected, and other not, can add more stress to an already traumatic hepatitis B diagnosis. "It was very confusing and made me question how was it possible I was the only one infected," said a woman who tested positive while her husband tested negative. "I thought it was possibly a mistake, maybe I was a biological anomaly, which of course I was not."
Let's look at the factors that affect who gets infected and who doesn't when two people have sex.
Viral load: Semen, vaginal fluids and blood all contain the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the higher the viral load, the more infectious one's blood and body fluids are. However, having an undetectable viral load doesn't mean you won't infect someone during unsafe sex. Even if a man has an undetectable viral load, studies show his semen still contains some HBV and can spread infection, though the risk is lower.
So, the rule here is if a man tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), he must consider himself infectious.
The role of gender: In heterosexual relationships, uninfected women are at higher risk of getting infected by a male partner infected with hepatitis B, than the reverse. Women are on the receiving end of semen, which greatly increases their risk of becoming infected unless a condom is used.
When a woman is infected with hepatitis B, an uninfected man is at risk through direct contact with her vaginal secretions, but that contact is lower-risk than a woman's direct exposure to infectious semen during intercourse.
However, an infected woman who is menstruating is more likely to spread hepatitis B because blood can contain higher levels of HBV than vaginal secretions. That is why gloves and dental dams are recommended to provide a barrier against exposure.
The type of sexual activity: Certain sexual activities are far more efficient at spreading hepatitis B than others. Oral sex appears to have a lower rate of hepatitis B transmission than vaginal sex. Anal sex carries a very high risk of transmission because of tears in the skin that can occur during penetration, which improves transmission of HBV.
Fingering carries a lesser risk, unless the infected woman is menstruating or a person has bruises or cuts on their hands that allow entry of hepatitis B virus in semen or vaginal fluids, then gloves are recommended.
The "uninfected" partner could already have been infected and cleared hepatitis B: When a person is first diagnosed with hepatitis B, doctors often test his or her partner for only the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which indicates a current hepatitis B infection. If they are negative for HBsAg, they are immediately vaccinated.
If the partner isn't also tested for the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs or HBsAb), then no one knows if the individual was already protected, either due to recovery from a past hepatitis B infection, or because they had already been vaccinated.
Hepatitis B is not called the "silent" infection for nothing — many people who get hepatitis B never have any symptoms and never realize they were infected. As a result, a wife, husband, partner or lover who tested negative for HBsAg, may actually have been infected in the past and cleared the infection and now has protective hepatitis B surface antibodies to forever safeguard them from infection. If they're immediately vaccinated and retested after the three-dose vaccination, they will test positive for surface antibodies, without ever knowing that their antibodies resulted from a past infection, not immunization.
Bottom line, if one of you have been diagnosed and the other is not infected, it is unusual but not uncommon. Get tested and immediately vaccinated if the uninfected partner tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antibody.
Take a quiz to find out how much you know about hepatitis B transmission: click here.
Find an earlier version of this post here.
hepatitis Bimmunizationliving with hepatitis Bsafe sexsexual transmissionsexually transmitted infectionSTIvaccinewhen one partner has hepatitis B and the other does not
Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Hepatitis B Treatment
What Do I Do if I'm a Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Responder?
April 4, 2018 hepbtalk
Approximately 5-10% of people do not develop protective antibodies following the completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series. This is confirmed with a blood test called an anti-HBs titer test which is given 4 weeks following the completion of the series. If the test shows the titer is less then 10 mIU/mL the general recommendation is to complete the series again using a different brand of vaccine (e.g. if you received Engerix B, the first time, switch to Recombivax the 2nd time or vice-versa). A person is considered to be a "non-responder" if they have completed 2 full vaccination series' without producing adequate protective antibodies.
Another vaccine option is the new two-dose hepatitis B vaccine, HEPLISAV-BTM. The new vaccine is expected to increase immunization rates for adults in the United States and is administered over a one-month period. The vaccine provides greater seroprotection, which can mean a greater antibody response especially in adults who may be older, obese or live with type 2 diabetes making it an effective vaccine option.
It is also possible that a person who does not respond to the vaccine may already be infected with hepatitis B. Therefore, testing for the presence of the hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen or HBsAg) is recommended before diagnosing a person as a "vaccine non-responder."
CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Responders
Persons who do not respond to the primary hepatitis B vaccine series (i.e., anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL) should complete a second 3-dose vaccine series or be evaluated to determine if they are HBsAg-positive. Persons who do not respond to an initial 3-dose vaccine series have a 30%–50% chance of responding to a second 3-dose series.
Revaccinated persons should be retested at the completion of the second vaccine series, 1-2 months following the last shot of the series.
Persons exposed to HBsAg-positive blood or body fluids who are known not to have responded to a primary vaccine series should receive a single dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and restart the hepatitis B vaccine series with the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after exposure. Alternatively, they should receive two doses of HBIG, one dose as soon as possible after exposure, and the second dose 1 month later.
The option of administering one dose of HBIG and restarting the vaccine series is preferred for non-responders who did not complete a second 3-dose vaccine series.
For persons who previously completed a second vaccine series but failed to respond, two doses of HBIG are preferred.
Hepatitis B vaccine "non-responders" who test negative for hepatitis B infection are at risk for being infected and should be counseled regarding how to prevent a hepatitis B infection and to seek immediate medical care to receive a dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) if they have been exposed to potentially infected blood.
"Non-responders" who test negative for hepatitis B infection as well as friends and family members should practice ways to prevent the spread of hepatitis B, including washing hands, using condoms during sex, avoid direct contact with blood and bodily fluids, and more.
Hepatitis B vaccine "non-responders" to vaccination who test positive for hepatitis B infection should be counseled regarding how to prevent transmitting the hepatitis B virus to others and the need for regular medical care and monitoring for their chronic infection.
In the case of possible exposures to HBV infected blood or body fluids, it is recommended that non-responders receive 2 doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) – the first dose should be given within 24 hours of the exposure, and the second dose should be given 1 month later. The CDC has recommendations online for what to do in case a susceptible person is possibly exposed to the hepatitis B virus.
Check out our previous post on the topic here.
CDC Guidance for Evaluating Health-Care Personnel for Hepatitis B Virus Protection and for Administering Postexposure Management. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm
HEPLISAV-B. Retrieved from: https://heplisavb.com/
HBV nonresponderHBV vaccinehep B vaccinehepatitis b nonresponderhepatitis B vaccineHeplisavvaccinevaccine nonresponder
Living with Hepatitis B
February 1, 2017 hepbtalk	26 Comments
Image courtesy of David Castillo Dominici at FreeDigitalPhotos.net.
By Christine Kukka
It comes down to variables, such as the type of sexual activity you engage in, the viral load (HBV DNA) of the infected partner, and who is on the receiving end of infectious body fluids, especially blood that contains the most virus and semen.
Viral load: Semen, vaginal fluids and blood all contain the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the higher the viral load, the more infectious one's blood and body fluids are. However, having an undetectable viral load doesn't mean you won't infected someone during unsafe sex. Even if a man has an undetectable viral load, studies show his semen still contains some HBV and can spread infection, though the risk is lower.
So the rule here is if a man tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), he must consider himself infectious.
Image courtesy of renjith krishnan at FreeDigitalPhotos.net.
The type of sexual activity: Certain sexual activities are far more efficient at spreading hepatitis B than others. Oral sex appears to have a lower rate of hepatitis B transmission than vaginal sex. Anal sex carries a very high risk of transmission because of tears in the skin that can occur during penetration improves transmission of HBV.
Fingering carries a lesser risk, unless the infected woman is menstruating or a person has bruises or cuts on their hands that allow entry to hepatitis B in semen or vaginal fluids, then gloves are recommended.
If the partner isn't also tested for the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs or HBsAb), then no one knows if the individual was infected years ago (or earlier in the relationship) with hepatitis B and cleared the acute infection.
hepatitis Bimmunizationsafe sexsexual transmissionsexually transmitted infectionSTIvaccinewhen one partner has hepatitis B and the other does not
Hepatitis B Prevention
What Stands Between Your Family and a Deadly Disease? Safe and Effective Immunizations
August 17, 2016 hepbtalk	2 Comments
Are you dreading taking your kids for their back-to-school vaccinations or wondering if vaccines do more harm than good? Let me tell you about my neighborhood.
Three years ago, a neighbor's children came down with whooping cough (pertussis). It turns out, the parents didn't believe in vaccinating their kids. All three children were infected as was their elderly grandmother and two other children down the street.
This family's refusal to get vaccinated against this highly-infectious respiratory disease threatened the health of the neighborhood. Two doors away, a family had a new baby and the infant's brother played with the infected children. Babies can't be vaccinated against pertussis until they're six months old.
Half of all babies who contract pertussis are hospitalized because they can't clear the heavy mucus from their lungs. Of those hospitalized, 23 percent get pneumonia and 1 percent die. Before the pertussis vaccine became available, about 9,000 children died from the infection every year. Luckily, the baby wasn't infected in this micro-epidemic.
Here's another example why vaccines are worth the discomfort of a shot. My daughter, born in China, didn't have access to immunizations, including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. As a result, she is chronically infected with hepatitis B. Had she been born in a country that immunizes children, she wouldn't face the 15 to 25 percent risk of dying from liver disease that she faces today.
Immunizations are safe and effective, and they protect our families and our communities, which is why every child should be immunized before they start school this fall. So why doesn't everyone protect their children?
Image courtesy of arztsamui at FreeDigitalPhotos.net.
Scientist and astrophysicist Neal deGrasse Tyson has a theory about why some people don't believe science—even when it's confirmed by objective, clinical data. Examples include conservatives who disavow global warming and, Tyson pointed out, college-educated Americans who don't vaccinate their children.
In the U.S., it is college-educated parents who make up a large percentage of people who opt out of vaccination. Despite clear, scientific evidence, they believe vaccines pose a higher risk to their children than the diseases they prevent. These parents assume that because so many others immunize their children, these diseases have "gone away" and they don't have to. It's a dangerous and arrogant assumption.
Reliance on this "herd immunity" approach, which banks on enough people being immunized so the overall disease risk remains low, doesn't work. Infectious diseases really never go away, and they come back with a vengeance when a growing number of community members stop vaccinating their children.
The pertussis strain that infected the U.S. and my neighborhood two years ago was a particularly bad one. Researchers believe the vaccine wasn't 100 percent able to prevent that strain. Viruses mutate and things like this happen. But when it does, having a sizeable portion of a community not immunized acts as an accelerant to an epidemic.
There are already children and adults in every community who can't be vaccinated (even when they want to be) because of health problems, or they have weak immune systems that do not respond well to immunization, such as the elderly. Herd immunity helps these people with weak immune systems, but it loses its effectiveness when a growing number of people opt out of immunizations and endanger public health.
There is real science confirming the safety and value of immunizations:
Before the measles vaccine became available, there were 500,000 measles cases every year in the U.S. and 500 deaths. By 2000, the country had eradicated the infection. However, in 2014 as more parents opted out of immunizations, the country experienced 667 measles cases in 27 states including an outbreak at Disneyland. Most who caught measles were not immunized.
Now let's look at hepatitis B. According to the CDC, new cases of the deadly liver infection hepatitis B have declined 82 percent since 1991, when universal childhood immunizations became available. Before that, an estimated one in 20 Americans got hepatitis B.
Immunizations have been the medical miracle of the last century. Millions of lives have been saved. In observation of National Immunization Awareness Month this August, make sure your school- or college-bound children are up-to-date with their immunizations. And while you're at it, check your own immunization record. No one is immune.
hepatitis BimmunizationmeaslesNational Immunization Awareness Monthpertussisvaccinewhooping cough
Hepatitis B Advocacy, Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Living with Hepatitis B
Four Things Fathers Affected by Hepatitis B Can Do for Themselves and Their Families
June 11, 2015 hepbtalk	1 Comment
Father's Day, June 21, is a day to celebrate the contributions men make in their children's lives. It's also a good day for fathers to acknowledge how valuable they are to their families and how important it is to take care of their health.
Living with chronic hepatitis B can be challenging. Here are some things dads can do to take care of themselves or family members infected with hepatitis B.
1. Get outside and soak in some sunlight and some vitamin D. People with hepatitis B who have vitamin D deficiencies have higher rates of liver damage, cirrhosis and cancer. A healthy diet provides vitamin D, but 80 percent of our vitamin D comes from 15 minutes of exposure to sunlight two to three times a week. So get outside and walk, garden, exercise and soak in some healthy sunlight.
Continue reading "Four Things Fathers Affected by Hepatitis B Can Do for Themselves and Their Families" →
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Q: Show/Hide text box based on selection from multiple drop down boxes I have a table with a row of drop down menus with the values 1 -5. When the user selects a value less than three on any box, I want a pop up box to appear underneath the table.  The popup only needs to appear once for any amount of drop downs that have a value less than 3, not once for every value less than 3. The code works when I assign the <select id='purpose'>, but it will only work on the first <select>. How do I make it work for all of them?
using this function:
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#purpose').on('change', function() {
if ( this.value < 3)
{
$("#business").show();
}
else
{
$("#business").hide();
}
});
});

Snippet of the HTML:

                                     <select id='purpose'>
                                        <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
                                        <option value="1">1</option>
                                        <option value="2">2</option>
                                        <option value="3">3</option>
                                        <option value="4">4</option>
                                        <option value="5">5</option>
                                     </select>

                                     <select id='purpose'>
                                        <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
                                        <option value="1">1</option>
                                        <option value="2">2</option>
                                        <option value="3">3</option>
                                        <option value="4">4</option>
                                        <option value="5">5</option>
                                     </select>

...

                                    <input type='text' class='text' name='business' placeholder="You gave a rating of less than 3 in one or more categories. Please provide a brief explination as to why." />

A: Each select element should be assigned to to the same class rather than the same id.  Then, the logic can be applied to all classes.

  <select class="purpose">
    <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
    <option value="1">1</option>
    <option value="2">2</option>
    <option value="3">3</option>
    <option value="4">4</option>
    <option value="5">5</option>
  </select>

  <select class="purpose">
    <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
    <option value="1">1</option>
    <option value="2">2</option>
    <option value="3">3</option>
    <option value="4">4</option>
    <option value="5">5</option>
  </select>

And the appropriate selector is:
$(document).ready(function(){
  $('.purpose').on('change', function() {
    if ( this.value < 3) {
      $("#business").show();
    } else {
      $("#business").hide();
    }
  });
});

A: First you have duplicate ids which should be removed.
The popup only needs to appear once for any amount of drop downs that have a value less than 3, not once for every value less than 3. The code works when I assign the , but it will only work on the first . How do I make it work for all of them?
If you want the change event for work on both the both select you
can just attach on select element. This will trigger the code for all
select elements as below.

$(document).ready(function(){
$('select').on('change', function() {
if ( this.value < 3)
{
$("#business").show();
}
else
{
$("#business").hide();
}
});
});

                                     <select >
                                        <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
                                        <option value="1">1</option>
                                        <option value="2">2</option>
                                        <option value="3">3</option>
                                        <option value="4">4</option>
                                        <option value="5">5</option>
                                     </select>

                                     <select>
                                        <option value="" selected="selected">Select...</option>
                                        <option value="1">1</option>
                                        <option value="2">2</option>
                                        <option value="3">3</option>
                                        <option value="4">4</option>
                                        <option value="5">5</option>
                                     </select>

...

                                    <input type='text' class='text' name='business' placeholder="You gave a rating of less than 3 in one or more categories. Please provide a brief explination as to why." />


We finally made it to an important milestone in our home. Our daughter is finally POTTY TRAINED! There is almost nothing better than another human being being trained to use indoor plumbing.
We started by putting our daughter on the toilet every 30 – 45 minutes. We did this for about two weeks. We celebrated her peeing in the toilet by clapping and letting her play a little game on the tablet. By the end of a couple weeks our daughter would "potty" every time we put her on the toilet.
When we would ask our daughter if she wanted to go potty she would always reply "No". We believed that she was too comfortable in her diapers, so we ventured out and bought her underwear with Dora and Doc McStuffins on the front.
I bet you are wondering why on Earth I would endorse buying licensed merchandise but here is why. Your toddler will NOT want to be wet or mess up their favourite underwear. Trust me. You know that shirt your child will not take off? The one you have to wrestle to peel off their little body? Your toddler has the same irrational affection for their underwear.
The sheer heartbreak of soiling their pants and their parents take them away is enough of a deterrent to not pee their pants.
Not only that, but your toddler will not enjoy being wet. How crappy is it to walk around in wet pants? Our daughter had about 4 accidents before starting to pipe up that she wanted to pee.
We still check the time when it comes to potty breaks, but more often than not, our daughter announces when she has to go to the washroom.
We never used those mini toilets that you have to clean out (I'm not cleaning it out!). We simply bought a toilet seat from IKEA so that our daughter's little body didn't fall into the bowl.
Make sure you praise your baby every time they go to the washroom. I am talking exaggerated praise (clapping, saying "hurrah", telling daddy and grandma the good work they have done, etc.) . They love it!
You can use this checklist to see if your child is ready for toilet training. I personally didn't use this checklist. I had my mom around who told me my daughter was ready. I also was done buying and changing diaper, so come hell or high water, my daughter would be potty trained!
Our little girl wears a diaper through the night. Usually, children won't stay dry all night until school age.


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Distraction from her heartache comes in the form of her parents' neighbour. Whispers about "odd Owen Campbell" abound in their small community, and Sarah's curiosity is aroused. When she breaks the rules and trespasses onto his land, what she finds is beyond her wildest imaginings.
I'm not sure why but when I picked up Firefly Hollow I was expecting to read a contemporary romance so I was quite surprised to find that it was set in the 1950s - 1960s and also contained characters who were shapeshifters. That isn't a complaint, I'm just mentioning it so that people know what they're getting when they pick up the story. As much as I'd classify this as paranormal romance because of the shapeshifters it actually reads more like one of those historical sagas that follows a family for several generations which was something I really liked about it. The story has a lazy feel to it, it kind of meanders through the lives of the main characters and allows us to really get to know them both as we see them in their best and worst moments. It also places a lot of focus on the rural setting and I felt it captured the innocence of the time period really well. I think because of the way it is written it will appeal not just to paranormal fans but also to lovers of historical or contemporary romance.
Owen has spent years isolating himself from the community, he doesn't believe that he is worthy of love or that anyone would be able to accept him for who he really is so he pushes the outside world away and remains secluded on his family's land. I really loved Owen, he was so sweet and protective, not just of Sarah but also towards his family, and he knows how to write the most beautiful love letters! He is a shy man but when you break through his shell you'll find someone who is kind, polite and who has a lot of love to share. There was a certain point in the story where I was annoyed at the way he treated Sarah, not because he was mean to her but because he didn't think about how things would look from her point of view and I was disappointed that she was such a low priority for him at that moment. I could understand how it happened but it did upset me a bit so I was pleased that when he realised his mistake he was man enough to admit it and to go out of his way to make things up to her.
I found Sarah a really likeable heroine, she was smart and funny and she was determined to live life on her own terms. She didn't want a man to look after her, she preferred to earn her own money and be able to stand on her own two feet. I liked the fact that she was so intelligent and that she wanted to learn and grow. I also enjoyed the relationship she had with her mother and some of the conversations the two of them had were hilarious. One thing I really appreciated was that even though she didn't get on particularly well with her sister Kathy they still stuck by each other when they really needed help. There was a point where my heart absolutely broke for the whole family and I'm still shocked with the way certain events played out. Another thing I really enjoyed though was Sarah's friendship with Gilly and the side romance between Gilly and Jack.
As much as I enjoyed the slow pace of the book there were times when I found myself starting to get a little bored at the lack of action, the writing is beautifully descriptive but I did feel it could have been trimmed back a bit to make the story just a little faster paced. At times it felt that obstacles were being deliberately thrown in between Sarah and Owen and I'd have liked things to be a little easier on them. I still enjoyed the story and will definitely be continuing the series in the future though. Firefly Hollow isn't your standard paranormal romance, the paranormal side of the story is subtle and this book is much more focused on the lives of Sarah and Owen and the love that slowly develops between them.


text:
BSNL, MTNL employees protest non-payment of salaries and steps towards privatisation
According to recent media reports, State-owned telecom companies Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) have failed to pay salaries on the due date to their 1.98 lakh employees for the second time in six months. Salary for the month of July had not come by 5th August nor were the employees informed as to when it would be credited. In February, too, the salary was delayed and the backlog was cleared only in mid-March, putting the employees to great difficulties in meeting their financial obligations at the beginning of the month. MTNL's 22,000 employees, who have not been paid salaries for two months now, protested in front of Sanchar Bhawan on 5th August. The concerned officials of both telecom PSUs have admitted that they have not been able to generate enough revenue and the government has not yet provided any revival packages.
Apart from these repeated salary payment delays, workers of BSNL have also been protesting since 2017 about their pay review. Contract workers have been hit the hardest.
In the beginning of August, contract workers in Silguri BSNL had to resort to blocking the entry of executives into BSNL officers following failure of the corporation to pay them their salary for the last seven months. Almost all of these workers have been working with BSNL for more than 15 years on contract.
On 2nd July, contract workers of BSNL in Tamilnadu had gone on a hunger strike for 2 days demanding their 6 months' wages. The employees sat on strike in front of the BSNL Bhavans in all the telecom districts. Contract workers are also preparing to fight for their jobs as there are reports in the news media that BSNL may cut back its contract work force by 25%-40%.
Amidst news reports that the government is planning to close down both these corporations, lakhs of workers in these corporations face an uncertain future. 18th-20th February, the employees and officers in BSNL had stuck work across the country, highlighting their long-pending demands. These include a constructive resolution to the financial problems of the PSU, allotment of 4G spectrum to BSNL, payment of salaries as per the Pay Revisions Committees and pension as per government rules. This strike, which was supported by all the major trade unions, followed an earlier strike in December 2017.
Workers have pointed out that both the UPA and NDA governments have followed the same policy of favouring the private telecom companies like Bharti Airtel, Anil Ambani's Reliance Communications, Aircel, Idea, Vodafone, Tata Teleservices and S-Tel, to the disadvantage of MTNL and BSNL, in the matter of allocation of spectrum licenses. Each time the unions have demanded action from the government, they have been promised that the Department of Telecom (DoT) is in the process of coming up with a revival package. However, the actions of successive governments indicate that the government is hell-bent on closing down these PSUs, throwing lakhs of employees out of work.
In the whole period of privatization of Telecom services, the government followed a deliberate policy of ensuring that private companies were allowed to capture the major profitable sectors in the metros and other towns, while BSNL services were downgraded in precisely these areas. In the countryside, hilly and remote areas of our country, it is BSNL services that work, while in the big cities, the BSNL services are kept at inadequate levels in order to favour the private players. On the other hand, the government has ensured that private players can access BSNL networks without compensating it for the same.
Since its inception in 2000, BSNL had been making profits of around Rs.10,000 crore annually till 2009,. BSNL started making losses since 2009 after tenders were cancelled and due to non-allocation of 4G spectrum in the years 2010-2015. While the Indian telecom industry is all set to provide 5G services- by the second half of 2019, BSNL is still waiting for 4G spectrum allocation! The NITI Aayog is reported to have already added BSNL to the list of loss-making PSUs for disinvestment.
Since 2011, BSNL workers have been opposing the moves of the government to privatize and liquidate BSNL, to benefit private monopolies in this fast growing sector. Even at that time, the workers of BSNL had pointed out that the 2G scam has confirmed how the big private monopolies have been dictating the Telecom policy of the government for their own benefit. They have also pointed out how the government has perfected the art of turning profit making public sector companies into loss making ones and then using this as a justification to privatise these companies.
The case of Indian Railways shows how the government has been taking decisive steps towards privatisation like hiving off and outsourcing some parts and corporatizing some functions, while denying all the time that it is privatizing the railways. In the case of the telecom PSUs, successive governments have deliberately cut their revenue potential and provided full scope to private payers to make profits, declared them "loss-making" and dragged their feet on the "revival package" – all in preparation for closing them down.
The struggle of BSNL workers is entirely just. The Communist Ghadar Party extends its full solidarity with the striking employees of BSNL.


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text:
Middle East|Assault on Christian Town in Syria Adds to Fears Over Rebels
Assault on Christian Town in Syria Adds to Fears Over Rebels
The funerals on Tuesday of three Christian Syrians who were killed over the weekend in the town of Maaloula.CreditCreditAnwar Amro/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
By Anne Barnard and Hwaida Saad
See how this article appeared when it was originally published on NYTimes.com.
BEIRUT, Lebanon — For Syrian rebels fighting in recent days around the ancient Christian town of Maaloula, any gains made in battle could be wiped out in the war of perceptions.
Their incursion into the town, led by extremist Islamists, reinforces the worst fears of Syrian Christians and could bolster President Bashar al-Assad's claims that he is the Christians' protector. It may also complicate President Obama's task as he struggles to convince Americans that a military strike against Mr. Assad will not strengthen Islamic extremists.
Some of the rebels, apparently aware of their public relations problem, said in interviews that they meant Christians no harm. They filmed themselves talking politely with nuns, instructing fighters not to harm civilians or churches and touring a monastery that appeared mostly intact. They said they had withdrawn from most of the town, posted videos of shelling there by Mr. Assad's forces and argued that the government had given the fight a sectarian cast by sending Christian militiamen from Damascus to join in.
But the damage was already done. Most of the town's residents have fled, and Maaloula, one of the last places where Aramaic, the language of Jesus, is still spoken by Christians and some Muslims, has become a one-word argument against Western support for the rebels — at the worst possible time for Mr. Obama and the opponents of Mr. Assad.
Mourners in Damascus, Syria, on Wednesday during the funeral for three Christians who were killed by rebels over the weekend in Maaloula.CreditAnwar Amro/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
Syrian-Americans lobbying against the proposed American missile strike flooded Congressional message boards with appeals for Maaloula. A common refrain was that Mr. Obama was throwing Syria's Christians "to the lions."
It was a powerful accusation in a region where a decade of unrest and rising sectarianism, from Iraq to Egypt, has threatened and displaced large sectors of the Middle East's Christians, a population that had already shrunk significantly through emigration over the past century.
Reached by telephone on Monday night, Mother Pelagia Sayaf, who is in charge of Mar Taqla, a monastery in Maaloula that is among the country's oldest, said that the 53 nuns and orphans staying there had not been harmed and that the principal damage was shattered windows. Another nun said some of the fighters were local men who promised to protect the monastery.
But the encounter with the rebels had done little to reassure the nuns that in the long run Syria's Christians would retain the peaceful existence they had long enjoyed.
"If Maaloula survives, it will be a miracle," Mother Sayaf said. "Maaloula is empty. You see ghosts on the walls."
In a photo released by the Syrian official news agency, a Syrian soldier fired a heavy machine gun during clashes with rebels over the weekend in the Christian town of Maaloula.CreditSANA, via Associated Press
The situation in Maaloula underscores the core problems that bedevil the movement against Mr. Assad: the opposition, rooted in Syria's Sunni majority, has failed to win over enough Christians, who make up 8 percent to 10 percent of the population, or other religious minorities. More than 450,000 Christians have fled their homes, church leaders say, during more than two years of war.
On the battlefield, well-armed radical Islamist groups, including foreign fighters, show little inclination to coordinate with local battalions, and sectarian killings and references to non-Muslims as infidels further intimidate Christians. In Maaloula, according to fighters, the rebel attack was led by members of the Nusra Front, a group with ties to Al Qaeda in Iraq, even after local fighters affiliated with the Western-backed Free Syrian Army tried and failed to dissuade them.
Last week, as the battle began, opponents of American military action in Syria circulated a recent video of a Syrian Christian woman accosting Senator John McCain, a proponent of military action, accusing him of abandoning Christians. "I could trace my family's name to the Bible," she said. "We refuse to be forced to leave."
Maaloula has long symbolized Syria's history of diversity and coexistence. Legend has it that as an early Christian saint, Taqla, was fleeing persecution, the cliffs parted to help her escape, giving the town its name, which means entrance in Aramaic. More recent lore says a small Sunni population sprang up after a Christian man converted to marry a Muslim.
Even after a movement for political rights morphed into a civil war, local Sunni and Christian leaders worked to maintain calm. Local groups of rebels have long occupied the Safir hotel on the edge of town. But until last week, Mother Sayaf said, residents moved unmolested between rebel and government territory.
The entrance to the town of Maaloula. The rebel incursion into the town, led by extremist Islamists, reinforces the worst fears of Syrian Christians and risks bolstering President Bashar al-Assad's claims that he is the Christians' protector.CreditSANA, via Associated Press
"We don't have any problem with Christians, they are living among us for thousands of years," said Abu al-Majd, a rebel from nearby Yabroud who, like others, gave only a nickname for safety. "Before, with and after Assad."
But on Wednesday, fighters from Homs, to the north, attacked an army post outside the town that had long shelled surrounding areas. The Nusra Front sent a Jordanian fighter to blow himself up, and a Free Syrian Army unit from Homs took part over angry objections from local fighters, rebels said.
"Wrong timing, wrong location," said Mahmoud, an antigovernment activist in Yabroud. "Now the regime has the perfect excuse to show us in a bad light."
On Saturday, rebels seized the town. One leader was filmed telling his men to safeguard civilians and churches. Another video showed masked rebels with grenade launchers saying they had entered for "military reasons" because the checkpoint was "harming Muslims."
The nuns huddled in monastery rooms tunneled under the cliffs. About 25 fighters entered, including some who appeared to be Saudi, Mother Sayaf said, and one who did not understand Arabic. But one fighter, a local worker, gave his phone number and told the nuns to call if they needed help.
Maaloula is one of the last places where Aramaic, the language of Jesus, is still spoken by Christians and some Muslims.CreditSANA, via Associated Press
A rebel video shows Mother Sayaf flinching at the crash of shells but otherwise calm — at one point answering the phone, "We're in a meeting," and saying all is well. That statement angered some residents who fled to Bab Touma, a Christian enclave in the old city of Damascus, said Abu Tony, a leader of a neighborhood militia there. He said three residents were taken hostage and others were told, "Convert and you'll be safe."
Rebels and Bab Touma residents said the government sent reinforcements that included Iraqi Shiites and Christians from Bab Touma who joined "popular committees," local government militias that are said to protect neighborhoods but that analysts and residents say are increasingly being deployed elsewhere.
The government has been shelling near the hotel and a monastery, according to rebels and Russia Today, an official television outlet that supports Mr. Assad. Rebels say they pulled out of the town to minimize the damage; others say they still occupy much of it.
The nuns could not tell what was happening outside but heard shelling and rocks falling from the cliffs, Mother Sayaf said. She tried to look on the bright side, seeing evidence of miracles.
"Neither crosses nor statues were broken," she said. "I've never seen anything like it."
An employee of The New York Times contributed reporting.
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 11 of the New York edition with the headline: Assault on Christian Town in Syria Adds to the Fears Over Rebels. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
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