text:
Truck runs over two school girls in southern Vietnam
Friday, November 27, 2020, 17:30 GMT+7
The truck involved in the accident in Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province is seen in this photo. Photo: Manh Kha / Tuoi Tre
Two female students were killed after a collision with a truck on the way to school in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, located in southern Vietnam, on Thursday.
The accident occurred at around 6:30 am on My Xuan – Hoa Binh Street in Phu My Township.
The two victims were identified to be N.T.Y.N. and N.V.X.Q., who were 10th graders of the local Hac Dich High School.
According to surveillance camera footage, N. was driving a motorbike while Q. sat on the back seat.
Meanwhile, the truck, driven by 38-year-old N.V.D., was running in the same direction as their bike.
While trying to overtake the bike, D. slammed the truck's side into the motorbike handlebar, causing the vehicle to fall and the two students to be run over by the truck's rear wheels.
The accident scene is seen in this photo. Photo: Manh Kha / Tuoi Tre
D. initially fled the accident scene but later turned himself in at the Phu My Township police station.
Local police are further investigating the case.
Tuoi Tre News
accident truck collision school girl Ba Ria - Vung Tau
New Zealander found dead in tenanted house in southern Vietnam
The foreigner registered their residency in Ca Mau in 2019
Nearly 160 endangered langurs discovered in north-central Vietnamese province
Authorities are planning on conserving and protecting the animals
Cold front returns, temperature to dive in northern, central Vietnam
The Central Highlands and southern regions will also be affected
The National Party Congress is held every five years
Vietnam's 2000s pop star Van Quang Long dies from stroke in US
Couples prove sight a minor obstacle in hunt for true love in Vietnam
Vietnam taekwondo master becomes first non-Korean promoted to martial art's highest rank
While the weather lately hasn't been quite like that of Siberia, it has been chilly enough to break local weather records going back nearly forty years here in Vietnam
My wishes in 2021
I think you'll be a very nice year; I can tell – I'm good at judging character
SCIC is expected to inject VND8 trillion (US$347 million) to Vietnam Airlines' charter capital


Your membership of the NSW Masonic Club provides access to reciprocal clubs in Australia, and around the world.
See the Reciprocal Clubs List below for a full list of Australian and international reciprocal clubs.
Contact the reciprocal clubs directly for a specific list of the services and rates offered at the proposed time of the your visit, and to find out if your Letter/Card of Introduction must be faxed to them prior to your arrival. Members desiring overnight accommodation at reciprocal clubs should request reservations in advance and should advise that they are members of NSW Masonic Club.
Ensure you take your NSW Masonic Club membership card whilst visiting a reciprocal club.


text:
Q: Angular bind value to an editor I am using tinymce. I am receiving error can't bind to 'value' since it isn't a known property of 'editor'. (" . How do we solve this one ? . I tried using [value]="question.notes | stringifyNote  " but it causes that error. How we can bind it using value ? Thank you.
#Code (editor) - which [value] does not work
<editor class="mat-input-element" matInput [value]="question.notes | stringifyNote  " [init]="tinyMCEConfig"> </editor>

#Code - binding on text area which works fine
<textarea matInput
                            cdkTextareaAutosize
                            [value]="question.notes | stringifyNote"
                            [disabled]="true"
                          ></textarea>

A: As per the result you've received, value is not a known property of editor. The value you will need to insert a value into the editor is initialValue.
<editor
  initialValue="Once upon a time..."
></editor>

Please review the TinyMCE Angular documentation for more details on how to use this property.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
By Farah Al-Nakib
Submitted to Session P6023 (Excavating Modernity in the Arab Gulf: The Case of Kuwait, 2020 Annual Meeting
Paper Discipline: Hist
Paper Geographic Area: Gulf; Kuwait;
Paper Sub Area: Modern;
Abstract: In her work on museums in the Arab Gulf, Karen Exell argues that Gulf citizens today view the incessant influence of "global" culture on their societies as a "cultural attack" (2016: 68). Other scholars similarly examine the Gulf's burgeoning culture industries that reify pre-oil heritage and folklore as evidence that citizens are seeking to "emblazon a sense of local traditionalism within a sea of change" (Fox et al., 2006: 266). Nothing constructs an image of a society that is at once becoming hypermodern and global while also longing for cultural anchoring than the photogenic scenes (which adorn many book covers) of courtyard houses, mosques, or camels foregrounding skylines of spectacular skyscrapers.
However, what this discourse misses is that these constructed tableaus juxtaposing the Gulf's pre-oil past with its hypermodern present are the products of state discourses and practices that have willfully eliminated all trace and memory of everything that happened in between: namely, the experiences of early oil modernity from the 1950s to 1980s. There is much that occurred in those decades—from public demands for political participation and social reform to sluggish urban and economic growth—that contemporary Gulf states seek to forget. Like so many other "postmodern" acts of city building, the proliferation of pre-oil heritage sites on the landscape of the contemporary Gulf city, alongside the demolition of much of what was built in the early oil years, entails "a conscious attempt to eradicate modernism's oppositional or critical stance" (Boyer 1994: 6). The recourse to tradition in present-day culture industries should not simply be read as a conservative reaction to globalization but as a product of the challenges of mid-century modernity (to the authority and legitimacy of the newly modernizing state).
This paper analyzes newspapers, magazines, television shows, plays, and other cultural products to excavate Kuwaitis' myriad experiences of modernity between 1950 and 1990. It then examines the resurrection of "pre-oil" heritage throughout the past two decades as an example of what Paul Connerton calls "repressive erasure," deliberate acts that edit out and silence memories of struggle, of a past that might pose a political challenge in and to the present (2011: 41). I also analyze how young Kuwaitis today are starting to actively resist this erasure (e.g. by demanding the preservation of modernist architecture), disrupting scholarly assumptions that Gulf citizens identify more with traditional national culture than with the modernist culture that defined the post-1950 era.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Abstract from Conrad, Cyler, Emily Lena Jones, Seth D. Newsome and Douglas W. Schwartz. (in preparation). Egg Use and Turkey Husbandry at Arroyo Hondo Pueblo (LA 12), New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.
When Arroyo Hondo Pueblo was occupied (~1315-1410 C.E.), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) comprised a significant component of Puebloan society. Turkey pens lined several plazas at the Pueblo, some of which may have held up to 60 birds. Bone and eggshell refuse in rooms and plazas indicate that they were eaten and bred regularly, and human burials with turkey feather textiles suggest that these birds played an important cultural role. While this evidence provides several insights into the daily life of Puebloan peoples, several questions remain unanswered for the daily life of turkeys and their relationship with humans.
With publication of the Arroyo Hondo Archaeological Series there was clear evidence that the Pueblo saw periods of high human population densities, trade throughout the Southwest, environmental stress, and intervals of abandonment, to name a few. Yet, as Lang and Harris describe (1984), aspects of the use and role of turkeys remained a mystery. For example, were the turkeys at Arroyo Hondo allowed to forage in the natural environment, as the ethnographic record suggests, or were they fed maize and kept in pens within the Pueblo during their lifetime? Deposits of eggshells recovered from the site suggested that turkeys were bred and raised within the Pueblo, but could eggs have been collected in the wild and brought into the site? This research project used scanning electron microscopy and stable isotope analysis of turkey eggshells and bones to more fully understand the processes of turkey husbandry at Arroyo Hondo. Under the guidance of my advisers, Emily L. Jones, Seth D. Newsome and Sherry Nelson, I identified the processes of turkey egg use at the site by ageing eggshell fragments using scanning electron microscopy. I also used stable isotope analysis of turkey bone collagen to explore how turkeys were fed during the site occupation. To document any temporal change that occurred, I selected turkey egg and bone samples that spanned the entire occupation of the site (i.e., both Component I and II). Following previously established methods (Beacham and Durand 2007; Kellner et al. 2010; McCaffery et al. 2014; Rawlings and Driver 2010) in this research (a full description of methods is provided in the appendix), we now know that Arroyo Hondo Pueblo plays an exciting role in understanding the complexity of turkey husbandry and exploitation in the prehistoric Southwest.


text:
HomeReviewsCD Reviews
[Album Review] Falling In Reverse releases "Coming Home"
April 13, 2017Altwire Staff0 Comments
Filed UnderCD Reviews News Notables Reviews
Growing up, Falling In Reverse frontman Ronnie Radke (formerly of Escape The Fate) taught himself to play guitar with Blink-182 and Green Day songs while rapping along to Eminem and Dr. Dre. He skipped school and went to shows, doing whatever it took to make a life outside of the hardships of his upbringing.
Coming Home is the album Radke always wanted to make. Unfortunately, his on and off-stage antics have landed him in trouble on more occasions than I'd like to count. He channels a lot of this energy into the tracks on this album.
The album begins with a space-rockish title track. The track is something you might expect from a Starset single, complete with voiceovers that discuss communications and self-destruct systems.
This space-rock vibe carries on throughout the album, with pretty, polished synths overlaying the raunchy guitars and fast, steady drums. We don't hear the normal heavy guitars and double-pedal drums until the later tracks in the album, and the fast rock-rapping we've seen on past Falling In Reverse albums is almost non-existent.
The earlier tracks on the album seem to want to tell a story: Growing older, losing friends and loves, feeling out of place, getting in trouble. Towards the end of the album, whatever story was being told seems to have been abandoned.
Coming Home has been advertised as the bands "mature" album. Sonically, the album is tight: The instrumentation is incredibly clean, with heavy layers of production and heavy synths. The maturity of the album helps to overshadow the douchebag-rockstar persona and illegal antics that have seemed to follow Radke since his early days with Escape The Fate.
Lyrically, the highlight of this album is the second to last track, "I Don't Mind." The verses show a vulnerable Radke saying that he's worried about turning into his mother. His addictions are similar to hers, and at one point, he admits that he's morally unjust and will always be remembered for his antics and discretions rather than the good he's done and the positive actions he makes. Unfortunately, the blandness of the chorus drags down the emotion of the verses.
Unfortunately, as other reviews have pointed out, most of the lyrical aspect of the album really are the downfall. Radke has such a distinguishable voice, and when he nails a good lyric I want to jump up and shout, but a lot what he uses on this album seems to repeat the angry "I hate my friends" or "I hate the world" mantra. He uses a wide vocal range, but when he goes into his pitched screams, the cleanliness of the music seems to dissipate.
Overall, I enjoyed the album. The tight-knit instrumentals and heavy, produced synths work well to show how the band has grown and matured since their earlier albums, although there's still improvements to be made.
At the end of the day, if Coming Home is the album Ronnie Radke dreamed about making as a kid, I would say it was worth the wait.
Tagged WithAlbum ReviewaltwireComing HomeEscape The FateFalling In ReverseRonnie Radke
LEX the Lexicon Artist – Raging Ego Review
This Week's Rock/Hard Rock/Metal/Hardcore Releases
Legacy of the Lyricist Vol I – Aramis
AltWire Review: RIVALS – Low (Video)


text:
Q: SqlException unhandled on C# when trying to call a certain column on SQL Server 2008 R2 I have this code on C#

and I got NoIDStaffC from
NoIDStaffC = dataGridView3.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[0].Value.ToString();

Every time I try to run it, it keep telling me that SqlException was unhandled.
And this is my table in SQL Server :

A: The problem you're seeing is because A002 isn't quoted in the query - so it's being treated as a column name instead of text to compare with.
You can either add single quotes around it in your built string or parameterize your query (preferred) to fix the problem.


Home » IDEA Answers » Simple Stretches for the individuals who don't like to stretch!
I only see the article on New Year's Resolutions which is good, but nothing on flexibility. I think the main thing is to make sure that body is warm. I always try to start with movements similar to yoga sun salutations, tai chi and qi gong so the client is actively engaging their muscles and then help them sink deeper in the posture to increase ROM.
A good movement (especially for women with pevic floor issues) is flowing through lateral lunges to wide-legged squats to the other side in a lateral lunge and then back to center squat and up. This helps open the hips, but can also really strengthen the pelvic floor.
The main thing is to make sure the muscles are warm and movements are controlled. This can help any client see major gains in strength AND flexibility.
There is little research to show that stretching actually prevents injury. In fact, most studies show that stretching before physical activity can lead to decreased performance. This is because stretching lengthens the muscle, and a lengthened muscle is a weaker muscle. To prevent injury your clients should be doing an active warmup; mimic the movements the workout or sport will do, but do so in a less intense, gradual way. If your goal is flexibility stretching should be done once warm. A good way to sneak in stretching for those who do not like to stretch is to work the opposite muscle group. For instance, to stretch the hamstrings, work the quads. This forces the opposite muscle group to relax.
The "decrease in performance" is extremely minute and it is eradicated after he completes a few sets. Its not like you can be benching 185 one day but after you stretch it will drop to 135 pounds. Unless your client is a football player and he is extremely picky about every small decrement in weight then I would say that you should not be using static stretches before the workout. I would like to further state that the decrease in performance after static stretching is still being debated. But to answer your question static stretching is very simple.
The loss in performance can be as much as 10%..that is tremendous when it comes to performance but of little importance when fitness is the goal.
As much as 10% is difficult to ascertain especially in a study because so many factors go into how much a person can lift for that day.
If someone does not like stretching then why give "simple" stretches? Use positional isometrics ( a little research will define them). Isometrics can increase nervous system activity as well as increase ROM. Look up muscle stiffness, muscle activation techniques, facilitation, etc.
I use Bob Anderson's book "Stretching." It has stretching routines for everyday, sports and activites (running, weight training, etc.), and explains why and how to stretch. Great illustrations so it is simple to follow.
I find the biggest actual complaint is due to people over stretching. Stretching beyond mild discomfort into actual pain is incorrect technique. And then the second complaint is that they feel stretching is not productive use of their time. Which I compare to oral hygeine or house cleaning. Neither is absolutely necessary to get by, but neglecting either will eventually cost you big time. Helping people to appreciate stretching as an enjoyable and relaxing break from the hustle and bustle of life is my personal preference.


text:
Family:Whitney, Frank H. (1852-1887)
Frank H.9 Whitney (George Freeman8, Freeman7, Enoch6, Moses5, Nathaniel4, Nathaniel3, Benjamin2, John1), son of George Freeman8 and Mary A. (Bailey) Whitney, was born 30 May 1852, Harrison, ME or 30 May 1853, Hallowell, ME,[1] and died 11 Mar 1887, Harrison, ME. He is buried in the Harrison Village Cemetery.
He married, 31 July 1873, Hallowell, ME,[2] or 30 Jul 1873, Worcester, MA, Almeda F. Cutter, of Westbrook, ME, daughter of Abial and Louisa (-----) Cutter.[3] She was born about 1853, Westbrook, ME.
He resided Harrison, ME, and Worcester, MA. He was a wire drawer.
Children of Frank H.9 and Almeda F. (Cutter) Whitney:
i. Anna Louisa10 Whitney, b. 17 Oct 1874, Hallowell, ME;[4] m. 10 Oct 1894, Lewis F. Briggs.
ii. May Evelyn Whitney, b. 9 May 1880, Harrison, ME or 1881, Hallowell, ME,[5] or 9 May 1881, Worcester, MA [given name omitted];[6] m. W. C. Porter of Dixfield, ME.
1880, Worcester, Worcester Co., MA:
Frank H. WHITNEY 28 Self M M W ME Works In Wire Mill ME ME Almeda WHITNEY 27 Wife F M W ME Keeping House ME ME Anna L. WHITNEY 5 Dau F S W ME ME ME Harlan W. CUTTER 19 Oth M S W ME Machinist ME ME Geo. F. WHITNEY 29 Oth M S W ME Works In Wire Mill ME ME
All data imported from Frederick Clifton Pierce, The Descendants of John Whitney, Who Came from London, England, to Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1635, (Chicago: 1895), p. 655.
1. ^ "Frank H. [Whitney], [born] May 30, 1853," according to Hall, Mabel Goodwin, comp., Vital records of Hallowell, Maine, to the year 1892 (Auburn, ME: Maine Historical Society, 1924).
2. ^ "Frank H. [Whitney], 20, and Almeda F. Cutter, [married] July 31, 1873," according to Hall, Mabel Goodwin, comp., Vital records of Hallowell, Maine, to the year 1892 (Auburn, ME: Maine Historical Society, 1924).
3. ^ "Massachusetts Vital Records, 1841–1910," from original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004; volume 255, page 362.
4. ^ "Anna L. [Whitney], ch. Frank H. and Almeda F., [born] Oct. 17, 1874," according to Hall, Mabel Goodwin, comp., Vital records of Hallowell, Maine, to the year 1892 (Auburn, ME: Maine Historical Society, 1924).
5. ^ "May [Whitney], ch. Frank H. and Almeda F., [born] May 9, 1881," according to Hall, Mabel Goodwin, comp., Vital records of Hallowell, Maine, to the year 1892 (Auburn, ME: Maine Historical Society, 1924).
Copyright © 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2017, Robert L. Ward, Kenneth L. Whitney, and the Whitney Research Group
Retrieved from "http://whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php?title=Family:Whitney,_Frank_H._(1852-1887)&oldid=278597"
Cumberland County, Maine
Harrison, Cumberland County, Maine
Worcester County, Massachusetts
Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts


text:
package ro.pub.cs.systems.eim.lab06.singlethreadedserver.network;

import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.EditText;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

import ro.pub.cs.systems.eim.lab06.singlethreadedserver.general.Constants;
import ro.pub.cs.systems.eim.lab06.singlethreadedserver.general.Utilities;

public class ServerThread extends Thread {

    private boolean isRunning;

    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
    private EditText serverTextEditText;

    public ServerThread(EditText serverEditText) {
        this.serverTextEditText = serverEditText;
    }

    public void startServer() {
        isRunning = true;
        start();
        Log.v(Constants.TAG, "startServer() method invoked " + serverSocket);
    }

    public void stopServer() {
        isRunning = false;
        try {
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                serverSocket.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException ioException) {
            Log.e(Constants.TAG, "An exception has occurred: " + ioException.getMessage());
            if (Constants.DEBUG) {
                ioException.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        Log.v(Constants.TAG, "stopServer() method invoked");
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(Constants.SERVER_PORT);
            while (isRunning) {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                Log.v(Constants.TAG, "Connection opened with " + socket.getInetAddress() + ":" + socket.getLocalPort());
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
                    Log.e(Constants.TAG, "An exception has occurred: " + interruptedException.getMessage());
                    if (Constants.DEBUG) {
                        interruptedException.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                PrintWriter printWriter = Utilities.getWriter(socket);
                printWriter.println(serverTextEditText.getText().toString());
                socket.close();
                Log.v(Constants.TAG, "Connection closed");
            }
        } catch (IOException ioException) {
            Log.e(Constants.TAG, "An exception has occurred: " + ioException.getMessage());
            if (Constants.DEBUG) {
                ioException.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ordnance Factory Ambarnath (Ordnance Factory Ambarnath ) has published a recruitment notification . The notification is for recruitment of Apprentice. Here you will get the complete information about Ordnance Factory Ambarnath Apprentice Recruitment online application form 2019. You will get here complete detail about Ordnance Factory Ambarnath Apprentice application procedure, important dates, application fees, age limit, qualification, number of vacancies, pay scale and important links. If you have any doubt regarding Ordnance Factory Ambarnath Apprentice recruitment online application form procedure you can ask us via comment form given below.
Duly filled Application performa along with self attested copy of requisite certificates, must reach till 04.12.2018 at The Sr. General Manager, Ordnance Factory, Ambarnath, Distt.-Thane, Maharashtra.


text:
An open-label, interventional, single-center, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" in patients suffering from halitosis
Yusuf K Chunawala1, Sanjay Nipanikar2, Abdul K Morawala3, Rohan D Talathi3, Salika Shaikh4, Sachin A Upasani5, Vidyadhar S Kumbhar1
1 Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2 R and D Center, Ari Healthcare Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
3 Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
4 Department of Periodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
5 Department of Medical Services, R and D Center, Ari Healthcare Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Date of Web Publication 24-Dec-2018
Objectives: The main objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet in patients suffering from halitosis. Methodology: Fifty four patients were recruited in the study. Patients were advised to take maximum two tablets or at least one tablet four times a day (depending on tolerability of the drug) orally for 60 days. Patients were called for follow-up on day 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75. Data describing quantitative measures were expressed as mean ± standard deviation comparison of variables representing categorical data were performed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test, or Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Results: At the end of the treatment, significant reduction in halitosis, gingivitis index, and dental plaque index was observed. Even after stoppage of treatment for 15 days after 60 days of treatment, there was no relapse in halitosis. Few patients experienced sore throat, cough, and common cold during the study, which were resolved with the treatment of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet. No significant change in vital parameters and most of the safety laboratory parameters were observed. No staining on tooth was observed in any patient. Almost all patients showed excellent improvement as per global evaluation done by the physician and patient. Almost all patients showed excellent tolerability to the study drug. Few patients showed mild AE, which were resolved without stoppage of study drug. Conclusion: The study provides good evidence in support of the efficacy and safety of the AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet in halitosis.
Keywords: AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet, dental plaque, gingivitis, halitosis
Chunawala YK, Nipanikar S, Morawala AK, Talathi RD, Shaikh S, Upasani SA, Kumbhar VS. An open-label, interventional, single-center, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" in patients suffering from halitosis. Indian J Dent Res 2018;29:732-8
Chunawala YK, Nipanikar S, Morawala AK, Talathi RD, Shaikh S, Upasani SA, Kumbhar VS. An open-label, interventional, single-center, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" in patients suffering from halitosis. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 20];29:732-8. Available from: https://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2018/29/6/732/248238
It has been estimated that 8%–50% of people in the developed world perceive halitosis (oral bad odor).[1],[2],[3] Furthermore, it is revealed that the prevalence of halitosis range to around 50% in the USA, 27.5% in China, and 22% in France.[4]
The origin of halitosis may be related to the systemic (15%) and oral conditions (85%).[5],[6] Oral causes include dentition (deep carious lesions, food impaction, and putrefaction), periodontal infections (gingivitis, periodontitis, etc.), microorganisms (Fusobacterium species etc.), teeth deposition with plaque, coated tongue, and many others.[7] The systemic causes include diseases such as liver problems, gastrointestinal tract problems, respiratory diseases, and uremia.[8]
Halitosis due to oral causes can be preventable by daily brushing, flossing, and maintaining oral hygiene. Regular use of antimicrobial agents in the form of toothpastes, oral mouth fresheners and mouthwashes are useful in the management of halitosis.[2] Most of these medications are considered to be helpful in decreasing the bacterial count, increasing mouth freshness and maintaining the pH of the oral cavity.[6] Although these conventional approaches are effective in masking the bad breath, they can cause several side effects.[9],[10] Mouthwash considered unpleasant, and it can give rise to a burning sensation of the oral mucosa if used too frequently. Mouth lozenges, brushing, and flossing are not very effective in reducing oral malodor. Thus, after long-term trial of conventional medicines, people generally approach to alternative treatment options such as herbal or Ayurveda therapies.[9],[10],[11]
Keeping in mind the basic concept of Ayurveda, Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., has developed "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" tablet for effective management of halitosis. "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" tablet is a unique combination of Haridra (Curcuma longa),[12],[13],[14],[15] Pippali (Piper longum)[16],[17],[18],[19] and Putiha (Mentha arvensis).[20],[21] A hypothesis was postulated that "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" tablet will be helpful in the management of halitosis. Hence, to test this hypothesis, a clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" in patients suffering from halitosis was planned.
The study was an open-label, interventional, single-center, and prospective clinical study. Ethics committee of Maharashtra Cosmopolitan Education Society, at M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, 2390-B, KB Hidayatullah Road, Azam Campus, Pune-1, approved the study. The study was conducted in accordance with good clinical practices guidelines (issued by AYUSH in 2013). The clinical trials registry- India (CTRI) registration no. is CTRI/2015/07/006058 [Registered on: 31/07/2015].
The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" on halitosis using bad breath analyzer scale (as 0 = no halitosis, 1 = mild halitosis, 2 = moderate halitosis, and 3 = severe halitosis) and on organoleptic assessment scale (as 0 = no appreciable odor, 1 = barely noticeable odor, 2 = slight but clearly noticeable odor, 3 = moderate odor, 4 = strong odor, and 5 = extremely foul odor). The secondary objectives were to evaluate efficacy of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" by assessing Gingivitis on Loe and Silness gingival index, dental plaque on Turesky modification of Quigley Hein index, intensity of sore throat and cough on a 4 points scale, acceptability of trial drug, incidence and severity of infections during the study period, quality of life on the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF (questionnaire) and acceptability of trial drug (1. Taste of drug on grade 0 = acceptable, 1 = tolerable, 2 = unacceptable; 2. Burning sensation in mouth on grade 0 = absent, 1 = present; 3. Dryness of mouth on grade: 0 = absent, 1 = present). Furthermore, the secondary objectives were to assess overall treatment satisfaction by patient and physician on global assessment scale for overall improvement and assessment of drug compliance. The other secondary objectives were to evaluate the safety of "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" by assessing the tolerability of study drug, changes in laboratory parameters and by assessing the adverse events.
The sample size was based on the primary efficacy parameter that was mean % reduction in bad breath from baseline (analyzed using bad breath analyzer) value.[22] The sample size calculation was based on the assumption that a total 54 patients would be enrolled, to get 40 completers. These 40 patients provided 80% power.
Subject selection
Male and female patients between 18 and 54 years of age suffering from moderate-to-severe halitosis attending out-patient department at study center, voluntarily signed an informed consent form and willing to follow the study procedures were selected for the study. Patients who had a destructive periodontal disease or who had undergone a periodontal surgery in the past 3 months from screening visit; patients with severe gingival inflammation and severe periodontitis were excluded from the study. Patients who were using antibiotic, antimicrobial, analgesic medications, mouthwash, mouth fresheners (lozenges/tablets), or desensitizing toothpaste during the previous 1 month from screening visit, having dependency or failure to keep abstinence for antioxidant agents, vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, Ayurvedic/herbal/homeopathic/naturopathy medications, medicated/sensitive toothpastes or having known hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the study drug were excluded from the study. Patients with a history of dentine hypersensitivity, having a removable orthodontic device, the presence of fixed dental appliance, large or defective restorations, and cracked enamel were excluded from the study. Patients with any medically compromised conditions contraindicating the oral examination, preexisting systemic disease necessitating long-term medications, and having genetic, endocrinal disorders, significant abnormal laboratory parameters, and pregnant and lactating women were excluded from the study.
Investigational drug
The investigational product, i.e., AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet was manufactured by the Sponsor, i.e., Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd following GMP. The composition of the drug is given in [Table 1].
Table 1: Composition of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet
Study procedure
On screening visit (day -7), written informed consent was obtained from patients. Patient's demographic data and Dosha Prakriti Parikshan was noted. Patient's general, systemic, and oral examinations were done. On screening visit (day -7) and on every visit, patient's assessment for halitosis was made using Bad Breath Analyzer[22] and on organoleptic assessment scale;[23] the assessment of gingivitis;[24] dental plaque[25] and sore throat and cough (if any) was done.[26] On screening visit, on day 30 and 60, assessment of quality of life of subject was done on WHOQOL– BREF (questionnaire).[27]
On screening visit, if Loe and Silness gingival index score was <2 and Turesky modification of Quiely Hein index score was <4 then the patient was considered for further evaluation as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient's X-ray chest (posteroanterior view) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were done. All the patients were advised to undergo laboratory investigations such as complete blood count (CBC), Hb%, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), renal function test (serum uric acid and serum creatinine), liver function tests (LFTs) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, Sr Bilirubin levels, Sr Alkaline phosphatase), lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar. Urine pregnancy test of all female patients of reproductive age was done. A washout period of 7 days was advised. During washout period and whole study period, all the patients were advised to refrain from antioxidant agents, vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs, hormones, herbal/Ayurvedic/homoeopathic medications, medicated/sensitive toothpastes. All the patients were advised and trained by the investigator to maintain their oral hygiene. They were advised to continue the diet and exercise regimen, which they were already following. All patients were advised to visit study site for follow-up visits, namely, baseline visit (on day 0), visit-1 (on day 15), visit-2 (on day 30), visit-3 (on day 45), visit-4 (on day 60), and visit-5 (on day 75).
On baseline visit (day 0), patient was recruited in the study, if he/she met all the inclusion criteria. On baseline visit and every follow-up visit, patients were asked for the occurrence of any adverse event during the washout period. On day 0, 15, 30, and day 45 visits, all the patients were provided 15 mono cartons each containing 10 "AHPL/AYTAB/1514" tablets (total 150 tablets, i.e., 120 tablets for 15 days and 24 tablets for next 3 days, if follow-up visit was delayed by maximum 3 days). All the patients were advised to take 2 (AHPL/AYTAB/1514) tablets 4 times (i.e., 2 tablets after breakfast, 2 tablets after lunch, 2 tablets after evening tea time/snacks and 2 tablets after dinner) a day orally for 60 days. During the study, the drug dosage was adjusted from minimum 1 tablet twice a day to maximum 2 tablets 4 times a day as per the patient's tolerance. All study patients were advised to keep the tablets on the tongue and suck on the tablet till it dissolves completely in the mouth. On day 0, 15, 30, and day 45 visits, a dose chart was given to patients to keep a daily record of the use of study drug.
On day 60, treatment tolerability was assessed by investigator and patient. From day 60 onward until day 75, all study patients were advised not to use the study drug and come to follow-up on day 75 (last study visit) to observe any relapse or recurrence of halitosis. On day 60, all the patients were advised to undergo laboratory investigations. Patient's ECG was done. On day 60 and day 75, patient's global evaluation for overall improvement and investigator's global evaluation for overall improvement were done.[28]
Data were analyzed using SPSS version: 10.0. SPSS Inc., (Delaware, Chicago, USA). Changes in the proportion of cases with halitosis, cough, sore throat, gingivitis, and dental plaque were assessed using Chi-square test. The differences were considered to be statistically significant only for P < 0.05.
A total of 54 patients suffering from moderate to severe halitosis were screened. Six out of 54 patients did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, hence were not included in the study. Out of 6 patients who did not meet inclusion/exclusion criteria, 2 patients had a history of diabetes and 4 patients had severe periodontitis. Out of 48 recruited patients, 47 patients completed the study, while 1 subject dropped out prematurely. The reason for dropout was the withdrawal of consent due to personal reason. Out of 47 patients who completed the trial, 28 (59.60%) were males, whereas 19 (40.40%) were females. The mean age of patients was 34.23 ± 8.83 years, mean weight was 64.11 ± 12.32 kg and mean height was 163.62 ± 11.89 cm. No significant change from baseline to end of therapy values in any of the vital signs (pulse rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body weight) was observed in all the study patients.
At the beginning of the trial as per bad breath analyzer, out of 47 patients, moderate halitosis was observed in 18 (38.3%) cases, and mild halitosis was observed in 29 (61.70%) cases. As the study progressed, gradual reduction in halitosis was observed. On day 60, 17 patients (94.44%) out of 18 from moderate halitosis group and 25 (86.20%) out of 29 cases from mild halitosis group registered improvement in halitosis. When compared to the baseline visit, the difference was statistically significant. On day 75, one case from mild halitosis group showed improvement in halitosis and shifted to no halitosis group. No recurrence/relapse in halitosis was observed in any of the cases at the end of the study. When compared with the baseline visit, the difference was statistically significant [Table 2] and [Graph 1].
Table 2: Effect of trial drug on halitosis (bad breath) assessed on bad breath analyser
As per organoleptic assessment scale, at the beginning of the trial, out of 47 patients, 36 (76.6%) patients had slight, but clearly noticeable odor and 11 (23.4%) patients had a barely noticeable odor. On visit 4, 2 (4.3%) patients had a slight but clearly noticeable odor, 6 (12.7%) patients had a barely noticeable odor, and 39 (83.0%) patients had no appreciable odor. When compared with the baseline visit, 94.44% of cases showed a decrease in slight but clearly noticeable odor, and the difference was statistically significant. On visit 5, 41 (87.2%) patients showed no appreciable odor when compared with the day 60 visit, two patients were shifted from barely noticeable odor to no appreciable odor group. There was no change in slight but clearly noticeable odor group, suggesting no recurrence/relapse in halitosis on day 75 [Table 3] and [Graph 2].
Table 3: Effects of trial drug on halitosis (bad breath) assessed on organoleptic assessment scale
According to the Loe and Silness gingival index for gingivitis, 20 (42.6%) patients had moderate inflammation, and 27 (57.4%) patients had mild gingival inflammation on baseline visit. No patient had normal gingiva at the beginning of the trial. Inflammation decreased with the regular treatment with tablet AHPL/AYTAB/1514, and 1 (2.1%) subject had normal gingiva on day 60. On day 60, 18 (90%) out of 20 patients showed a decrease in gingivitis from moderate-to-mild intensity. When compared, the differences were statistically significant. One (2.1%) patient shifted from normal gingiva group to mild inflammation group, the difference was statistically insignificant. On day 75, 1 (2.1%) patient had moderate inflammation, 44 (93.6%) patients had mild inflammation and 2 (4.3%) patients had normal gingiva. When compared with the day 60 visit, no patient had recurrence or relapse in gingivitis [Table 4] and [Graph 3].
Table 4: Effects of trial drug on gingivitis assessed on Loe and Silness gingival index
On baseline visit, out of 47 patients, 3 (6.4%) patients had a continuous band of plaque, 43 (91.5%) patients had isolated flecks of plaque and 1 (2.1%) patient had no plaque as per Turesky modification of Quigley Hein index score. On visit 4, 8 (17.0%) patients had no plaque. When compared from day 45 to day 60, there was worsening of plaque condition in 2 out of 3 patients in a continuous band of plaque group. Seven (16.28%) out of 43 patients from isolated flecks of plaque group had shown improvement in plaque. When compared from day 45 to day 60, there was worsening of plaque condition in 1 patient from no plaque group. When compared from the baseline value, the difference was statistically significant in no plaque group. On visit 5, 11 (23.4%) patients had no plaque. When compared from day 60 to day 75, there was an improvement in plaque condition in 1 out of 3 patients in a continuous band of plaque group, 2 out of 36 patients in isolated flecks of plaque group. Furthermore, 2 more patients were added to no plaque group on day 75 as compared to day 60. The difference was statistically significant [Table 5] and [Graph 4].
Table 5: Effects of trial drug on dental plaque assessed on Turesky modification of Quigley Hein index
At the beginning of the trial, 46 (97.9%) cases did not have a sore throat or a cough, whereas 1 patient had a mild sore throat and cough. On day 15, all 100% of cases did not have a cough which was not a significant change from baseline. On day 30, 46 (97.9%) cases did not have a cough, and 1 (2.1%) patient had a mild cough. The difference was not significant from baseline. On day 45, day 60 and day 75, all 100.0% cases did not have a cough or a sore throat, which was not significant (P > 0.05) change from baseline.
No patient reported unacceptability of taste of study drug. Initially, only 1 patient reported burning sensation and dryness of mouth after usage of study drug, but patient did not stop usage of study drug, and the problem was resolved without any additional management. No patient felt burning sensation and dryness of mouth with the use of study indicating excellent tolerability.
According to global evaluation for overall improvement done by physician and patient, the excellent improvement was observed in 44 (95.7%) patients and good improvement was observed in 2 (4.3%) patients. Furthermore, on day 75, no relapse or recurrence of halitosis was observed in 45 (97.8%) patients. Improvement in halitosis was observed in 1 (2.2%) patient on day 75.
Excellent tolerability was observed in 41 (89.1%) patients and good tolerability was observed in 5 (10.9%) patients.
No statistically significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed between baseline and day 60 lab values of CBC, Hb%, ESR, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and LFTs. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mean serum triglyceride level was observed from baseline value (129.17 ± 42.18) to day 60 value (109.87 ± 33.89). No post treatment significant (P > 0.05) changes in ECG of any patient were observed.
Four domains including physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment were assessed in the measurement of quality of life of study patients. Statistically insignificant increase in mean scores of physical and psychological health was observed on day 60 while the statistically significant improvement in mean score of social relationship and environment was observed on day 30 and 60.
The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet in patients suffering from halitosis. At the end of the treatment period (60 days), the statistically significant improvement was observed in halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque index. After treatment with study drug, there were no statistically significant changes in body weight and all the vital parameters.
Few patients had seasonal mild sore throat and mild cough (during the study period), which were resolved with the study drug treatment. The patient did not require additional treatment other than study drug, indicating benefits of study drug on symptoms such as a sore throat and cough.
It was also observed that after 2 months consumption of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet, no staining on the tooth was observed in any subject. Furthermore, those who already had stained teeth initially did not show an increase in the stains post treatment.
It was observed from the data that not a single subject reported unacceptability of taste of study drug. Few patients reported burning sensation and dryness of mouth after usage of study drug, strong taste of menthol and burning sensation in the chest, but they resolved without any additional treatment, and the study drug was continued. Cough, common cold, constipation and bleeding per rectum during the trial were adverse events reported by patients, those were not related to the study drug. Only two patients developed mild mouth ulcers on the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment due to study drug as per the investigator. Investigator advised dietary changes to the patients, and the problems were resolved completely.
No statistically significant difference between baseline and day 60 was observed in lab values except triglycerides level, which reduced significantly post treatment. Ingredients of AHPL/AYTAB/1514' tablet, i.e., C. longa and P. longum possess anti-hyperlipidemic activity.[29] The synergistic action of these ingredients could have helped bring down serum triglyceride level in patients.
On the assessment of quality of life of patients, it was observed that no statistically significant change in physical and psychological health of patients occurred post treatment. Statistically significant improvement in social relationship on day 60 was observed. On day 30 and day 60 of treatment statistically significant improvement in environmental score was observed. AHPL/AYTAB/1514' tablet effectively reduced halitosis and plaque. The significant reduction in halitosis has helped patients interact socially well.
The study showed that AHPL/AYTAB/1514' tablet is very safe and effective in alleviating halitosis, plaque and gingivitis. AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet is a unique combination of Haridra (C. longa), Pippali (P. longum) and Putiha (M. arvensis). C. longa possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.[12],[13],[14],[15] P. longum also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and adaptogenic properties.[16],[17],[18],[19] Putiha is helpful to alleviate halitosis and gingivitis. Putiha is also used as a mouth and throat antiseptic and mouth freshener.[20],[21] Thus, the synergistic action of ingredients of AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet could have helped in alleviating halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque.
Randomized, multicenter, active comparator, clinical study with large sample size is recommended to further validate the claims.
AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet is safe and effective in alleviating halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque. Even after stoppage of treatment for 15 days after 60 days of treatment, there was no relapse in halitosis. AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet is also effective in treating sore throat, cough, and the common cold. Furthermore, AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet may help in improving quality of life.
The authors sincerely thank all trial sites staff of M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, 2390-B, KB Hidayatullah Road, Azam Campus, Pune-1 for their contribution in the conduct of the present clinical study. The authors also sincerely thank Mr. Kailas Gandewar, Biostatistician, Soham Consultancy, Dadar Mumbai for his kind help in sample size calculation and data analysis for the study. Authors are extremely grateful to Mr. Sanjeevan Kanjilal (Managing Director) and Dr. Anisha Kanjilal (Director) of Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., for providing all the research facilities, guidance, courage and moral support.
Rao AS, Kumar V. Halitosis: A mirror of systemic and oral health. J Dent Med Sci 2013;4:7-12.
Gani DK, Dudala RB, Mutthineni RB, Chandra MP. Halitosis, diagnosis and management in daily practice: Dentist stance. J Dent Med Sci 2012;2:34-7.
Eldarrat A, Alkhabuli J, Malik A. The prevalence of self-reported halitosis and oral hygiene practices among Libyan students and office workers. Libyan J Med 2008;3:170-6.
Porter SR, Scully C. Oral malodour (halitosis). BMJ 2006;333:632-5.
Cortelli JR, Barbosa MD, Westphal MA. Halitosis: A review of associated factors and therapeutic approach. Braz Oral Res 2008;22:44-54.
Bornstein MM, Kislig K, Hoti BB, Seemann R, Lussi A. Prevalence of halitosis in the population of the city of bern, switzerland: A study comparing self-reported and clinical data. Eur J Oral Sci 2009;117:261-7.
Rösing CK, Loesche W. Halitosis: An overview of epidemiology, etiology and clinical management. Braz Oral Res 2011;25:466-71.
Patil SH, Kulloli A, Kella M. Unmasking oral malodor: A review. Peoples J Sci Res 2012;5:61-7.
Yaegaki K, Coil JM. Examination, classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. J Can Dent Assoc 2000;66:257-61.
Mali AM, Behal R, Gilda SS. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16:386-91.
van den Broek AM, Feenstra L, de Baat C. A review of the current literature on management of halitosis. Oral Dis 2008;14:30-9.
Pandey KC, Chunekar KC, editor. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu of Bhavamishra. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Publications; 2010. p. 111.
Nagpal M, Sood S. Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013;4:3-7.
Akram M, Shuhab U, Afzal A, Khan U, Hannan A, Mohiuddin E, et al. Curcuma longa and curcumin: A review article. Rom J Biol Plant Biol 2010;55:65-70.
Chakraborty PS, Ali SA, Kaushik S, Ray RK, Yadav RP, Rai MK, et al. Curcuma longa-a multicentric clinical verification study. Ind J Res Hom 2011;5:19-27.
Pandey KC, Chunekar KC, editor. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu of Bhavamishra. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Publications; 2010. p. 15.
Zaveri M, Khandhar A, Patel S, Patel A. Chemistry and pharmacology of Piper longum l. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2010;5:67-76.
Patil UK, Singh A, Chakraborty AK. Role of piperine as a bioavailability enhancer. Int J Rec Adv Pharm Res 2011;4:16-23.
Alvi MN, Ahmad S, Rehman K. Short communication preparation of menthol crystals from mint (Mentha arvensis). Int J Agric Biol 2001;3:527-8.
Chawla S, Thakur M. Overview of mint (Mentha L.) as a promising health-promoting herb. Inter J Pharm Res Dev 2013;5:73-80.
John M, Vandana KL. Detection and measurement of oral malodour in periodontitis patients. Indian J Dent Res 2006;17:2-6.
Miyazaki H, Arao M, Okamura K, Kawaguchi Y, Toyofuku A, Hoshi K, et al. Tentative classification of halitosis and its treatment needs. Niigata Dent J 1999;32:7-11.
Panagakos F, editor. Loe and Silness Gingival Index Score: Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo and Adriana Correêa de Queiroz (2011). Gingival Indices: State of Art, Gingival Diseases-Their Aetiology. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/gingival-diseases-their-aetiology-prevention-andtreatment/gingival-indices-state-of-art. [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 19].
Cugini M, Thompson M, Warren PR. Correlations between two plaque indices in assessment of toothbrush effectiveness, Turesky modification of quiely hein index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006;5:1-9.
Canbay O, Celebi N, Sahin A, Celiker V, Ozgen S, Aypar U. Ketamine gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat. Br J Anaesth 2008;100:490-3.
Pashine L, Singh JV, Vaish AK, Ojha SK, Mahdi AA. Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on overweight hyperlipidemic subjects: double blind study. Indian J Community Health 2012;24:113-7.
Fegde T, Das S. Randomized, open label, prospective, comparative study evaluating the efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of cefpodoxime 200 Mg + clavulanic acid 125 Mg Vs cefpodoxime 200 Mg in acute bacterial sinusitis. Indian Med Gaz 2015;149:225-31.
Nabi SA, Kasetti RB, Sirasanagandla S, Tilak TK, Kumar MV, Rao CA, et al. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of Piper longum root aqueous extract in STZ induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013;13:37.
Dr. Sanjay Nipanikar
Ari Healthcare Private Limited, Unit No. 401, International Biotech Park, BTS 2, Building, Chrysalis Enclave, 4th Floor, Plot No. 2A, MIDC Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune - 411 057, Maharashtra
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Chunawala YK
Nipanikar S
Morawala AK
Talathi RD
Shaikh S
Upasani SA
Kumbhar VS
AHPL/AYTAB/1514 tablet
dental plaque


text:
Die Dienstbezeichnung Blockleiter der NSDAP gab es in der NSDAP-Parteiorganisation ab 1933. Der Name leitet sich vom innerstädtischen Häuserblock ab. Ein Blockleiter war für 40 bis 60 Haushalte ("Wohngemeinschaften einschließlich Untermieter") mit durchschnittlich rund 170 Personen zuständig. Blockleiter gab es während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus nicht nur in den Städten, sondern auch in den Dörfern, wo ein "Blockwart" mehrere Bauernhöfe, Handwerksbetriebe und Arbeiterhäuser überwachte.

Der Blockleiter hatte seine arische Abstammung bis ins Jahr 1800 zurück nachzuweisen und wurde auf Adolf Hitler vereidigt. Er war kein hauptamtlicher Funktionär, trug aber bei dienstlichen Anlässen eine Parteiuniform und war zu "vorbildlichem Verhalten" auch im Privatleben angehalten.

Die parteiamtliche Benennung Blockleiter setzte sich jedoch im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch nicht durch, zumal vor 1933 im Organisationsschema der NSDAP für diese Funktionäre die Bezeichnung Blockwart gegolten hatte. Der Ausdruck Blockwart wurde in der NS-Zeit von der Bevölkerung auch als Sammelbegriff für rangniedrige Funktionäre der NSDAP wie ihrer Nebenorganisationen benutzt.

Aufgabenbereich
Vom Hauptschulungsamt der NSDAP wurden die Aufgaben eines Blockleiters 1940 so beschrieben: "Der Hoheitsträger muss sich um alles kümmern. Er muss alles erfahren. Er muss sich überall einschalten." Seine Aufgaben waren tatsächlich umfassend:
 Als Propagandist der nationalsozialistischen Ideologie musste er für deren Verbände werben, Schulungsmaterial ausgeben, Beiträge kassieren, für Winterhilfswerk und Eintopfsonntag sammeln lassen sowie als Vermittler für die Volkswohlfahrt auftreten.
 Zur Durchsetzung der Rassenpolitik meldete er "Judenfreunde" und achtete auf die genaue Befolgung schikanöser Vorschriften wie des Verbots für Juden, ein Haustier zu halten. Auch listete er jüdischen Besitz und jüdische Wohnungen auf.
 Als Organisator der "Inneren Front" besorgte er die Verteilung von Lebensmittelkarten, sorgte für das Entrümpeln der Dachböden und das Einhalten der Verdunkelung im Rahmen des Luftschutzes. Er betreute die Ausgebombten und organisierte in der Endphase des Krieges den Volkssturm.
 Zur politischen Überwachung führte er eine normierte Haushaltskartei, notierte Unmutsäußerungen und das Verhalten bei Beflaggung, gab Leumundszeugnisse ab und war allgegenwärtiger Ansprechpartner für Denunziationen.

Nach einem Rundschreiben vom 31. Januar 1941 sollten die Blockleiter vermerken, "seit wann der Völkische Beobachter bezogen wird, ob die Familie bereits vor dem Flaggengesetz von 1935 eine Hakenkreuzfahne besaß und welcher Volksempfänger in dem Haushalt vorhanden ist. […] Die politische Beurteilung ist […] mit dem zuständigen Block- oder Zellenleiter vorzunehmen." Mitte 1941 erhielten die Blockleiter den Auftrag, alle Wohnungen aufzusuchen und an den Rundfunkgeräten oder an den Bedienungsknöpfen eine Karte anzubringen, die folgende Warnung enthielt: "Das Abhören ausländischer Sender ist ein Verbrechen gegen die nationale Sicherheit unseres Volkes. Es wird auf Befehl des Führers mit schweren Zuchthausstrafen geahndet. Denke daran!"

Als rangniedrigster Parteifunktionär genoss der Blockleiter kein hohes Ansehen und wurde im Volksmund, besonders in den Städten, verächtlich als "Treppenterrier" bezeichnet. Er war mit seinen Funktionen ein allgegenwärtiges Instrument der Überwachung und Unterdrückung.

Blockleiter und Helfer
Der Blockleiter stand am unteren Ende der Hierarchie nationalsozialistischer Parteifunktionäre, die vom Gauleiter, Kreisleiter, Ortsgruppenleiter über den Zellenleiter bis zum Blockleiter abgestuft war.
Eine Ortsgruppe der NSDAP bestand in der Regel aus acht Zellen, jede dieser Zellen war in vier bis acht Blocks unterteilt.

Der Blockleiter konnte in seinem Abschnitt auf ehrenamtliche Helfer zurückgreifen, gegenüber denen er auch weisungsberechtigt war. Diese Helfer mussten zwar nicht selbst der NSDAP angehören, hatten jedoch ebenfalls ihre "arische" Abstammung nachzuweisen und wurden vom Ortsgruppenleiter berufen. Sie wurden auch als Blockwalter, Blockhelfer oder Hauswarte bezeichnet und vertraten oft ehrenamtlich nationalsozialistische Nebenorganisationen wie zum Beispiel die Deutsche Arbeitsfront, NS-Frauenschaft oder NS-Volkswohlfahrt.

Anzahl der Blockleiter
Für das Jahr 1935 schätzt man die Zahl der Blockleiter auf gut 200.000; zusammen mit den ehrenamtlichen Helfern waren auf der unteren Ebene annähernd 500.000 Funktionäre tätig. Diese Zahlen stiegen durch den Ausbau der Luftschutz-Organisation rapide an und vervierfachten sich bis Kriegsbeginn – vor allem nach der Besetzung des Sudetenlandes infolge des Münchner Abkommens sowie dem Anschluss Österreichs.

Bezeichnung "Blockwart"

Vor 1933 galt diese Bezeichnung des Blockwarts im Organisationsschema der NSDAP für die unterste Ebene der Parteifunktionen und hat sich im Sprachgebrauch der Bevölkerung erhalten.

Oft trat der "Blockleiter der NSDAP" auch in Personalunion als "Blockwalter" der Organisation "Kraft durch Freude" auf. Da Komposita mit wart aus dem Vereinswesen allgemein vertrauter waren, wurden der Blockwalter und Blockleiter wie auch seine Helfer in der Umgangssprache meist unterschiedslos als Blockwart bezeichnet.

Die sprachliche Verwirrung um diese pseudoamtlichen Titulierungen gipfelte später darin, dass die Helfer des Reichsluftschutzbundes die Bezeichnung "Blockwart" erhielten. Im Organisationsschema der NSDAP war die Bezeichnung Blockwart nicht mehr enthalten.

In der Literatur- und Theatergeschichte kommt der Begriff "Blockwart" im Theater- und Kabarettstück Der Herr Karl von Helmut Qualtinger und Carl Merz aus dem Jahr 1961 vor, in dem die Hauptfigur, der opportunistische Herr Karl aus Wien, unter anderem eine Begegnung mit Adolf Hitler beim Blockwartetreffen schildert.

Der Begriff Blockwart wurde von einem Medienverbund aus 3sat, Deutschlandradio Berlin, der Süddeutschen Zeitung und dem Suhrkamp Verlag zu einem der 100 Wörter des 20. Jahrhunderts gewählt. In der Laudatio wurde das Wort charakterisiert als "Blockwart – in der Umgangssprache heute ein Schimpfwort, stellvertretend für Schnüffler." Laut der Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache lebt die Vokabel aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus bis heute weiter. Sie ist Teil von Begriffen wie "Blockwartstaat" oder "Blockwartmentalität" und wird in manchen Fällen arglos, in anderen ironisch verwendet.

Siehe auch
 Sprache des Nationalsozialismus

Literatur
 Detlef Schmiechen-Ackermann: Der "Blockwart". Die unteren Parteifunktionäre im nationalsozialistischen Terror- und Überwachungsapparat. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 48, 2000, Heft 4, S. 575–602 (online; PDF).
 Cornelia Schmitz-Berning: Vokabular des Nationalsozialismus. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-11-016888-X, S. 108 (online).
 Das Organisationsbuch der NSDAP. Herausgegeben von der Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP. 4. Aufl. Eher, München 1937.
 Wolfgang Proske: Nie ein überzeugter Anhänger der NSDAP: Der Blockwart Robert Reustlen. In: ders. (Hrsg.): Täter Helfer Trittbrettfahrer. NS-Belastete aus Baden-Württemberg. Band 3: NS-Belastete aus dem östlichen Württemberg. Freiheitsbaum, Reutlingen 2014 ISBN 978-3-922589-38-9, S. 140–152

Weblinks

 Blockleiter-Uniform

Einzelnachweise

NSDAP
Sprache des Nationalsozialismus
Funktion (Organisation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Q: Thanks for having me up on your show, Overdog Radio. How is the entire experience on radio going for you?
A: Peace Rob. The experience is going great for me. I enjoy hearing the stories behind the music, and I love having a platform to play some quality Hip Hop music. Over the course of the two plus years we've been doing OverDog (peace to the listeners since the UnderDog days!), I've interviewed plenty of people I've listened to my whole life.
Q: You have had many people up or called in for interviews. Any one person who you would like to have one?
A: I'm a big Roc fan, so Marciano would be a wild one. Honestly so many names come to my mind, but I can't really just pick one. For a local choice, it's gonna be Edo. We've talked a few times about it, but we've had conflicting schedules. We will make it happen for sure, in due time.
Q: Are you happy with the overall response from the listeners?
A: Absolutely, peace to our loyal listeners who hold us down. Supporting our events, buying our merchandise, posting the live link, sharing the podcasts, etc. My favorite part is finding out what other states/countries we have a solid listener base in. So far we get the most interaction back from VA, and England.
Q: Before you started radio, you were an artist. Any plans in the works for new music?
A: It keeps calling me. I have a few unreleased joints still put away. If I release them, they're getting a vinyl and/or cassette release with it. This would be the same for all future original projects. This all depends on if I'm truly inspired to do it. I'm having fun doing what I do now, as I've always been a fan first. I've dropped a few verses here and there, the latest being on my homie Knockout's "Apartment 7" EP (grab that CD and cassette here ). Who knows, stay tuned.


Preheat oven to 325°. In a large bowl, cream butter and 1 cup confectioners' sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in vanilla. Combine flour, cornstarch, cocoa and salt; gradually add to creamed mixture and mix well. Stir in nuts.
Shape tablespoonfuls of dough into 1-in. balls. Place 2 in. apart on ungreased baking sheets. Bake 12-14 minutes or until set.
In a small bowl, combine cinnamon and remaining confectioners' sugar. Roll warm cookies in sugar mixture; cool on wire racks. Store in an airtight container.
1 each: 103 calories, 7g fat (3g saturated fat), 11mg cholesterol, 59mg sodium, 10g carbohydrate (5g sugars, 1g fiber), 1g protein. Diabetic Exchanges: 1 starch, 1 fat.
These cookies were relatively easy to make and they tasted great! I would definitiely make them again. They are a nice variation of the traiditional Mexican wedding cake that I often see at holiday time.
Delicious, I will be making again soon.


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Greek Language, Greek Literature
Practice your Greek with a TV series, based on Syros island and the novel by Tasos Athanasiadis.
Click here to read this article in Greek
Would you like to traveling to Greece or participate in an Omilo Greek Langauge and Culture course this summer, but you are not confident to travel yet, due to the corona pandemic?
Do not worry, if you're still looking to 'travel' from the comfort of your own living room whilst staying safe and practicing your Greek skills, we have the perfect idea for you: why not give the Greek TV series Η Αίθουσα του Θρόνου a try?
This Greek TV series was shot in both Attica (Athens, Lagonisi and Nea Makri) and the island of Syros, where the Omilo summer courses take place.
Continue reading to learn more!
Η Αίθουσα του Θρόνου (en. The Throne Room) is a Greek period drama TV series that was aired between 1998-99 and was based on a novel by the celebrated novelist and academic Tasos Athanasiadis.
It takes place on the Cycladic island of Syros in 1966, right before the Greek military junta ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974. The socio-political circumstances in Greece are heating up, but at the same time, people are characterized by a certain innocence as they cannot imagine how things are going to develop; everything feels very distant but also very close. The series follows closely a group of young people, whose lives intersect and eventually get tangled up with each others. It examines the topics of love, life, death, God and religion, the eternal clash between good and evil, people's wants and social conventions.
The story is set in motion by the arrival of two very young people at the island of Syros: the first one is Loukas Delogis, the son of a powerful local family who studied in Paris and spent some time in Mount Athos afterward, also known as Agion Oros (Άγιον Όρος). It is a mountain and peninsula in north-eastern Greece as well as home to twenty monasteries, so Loukas tried to become a monk there but failed, so he decides to return to his homeplace. The other one is Glauki Arhontidi, a young Greek woman who lives in London and whose father became a hero during the Katochi (Κατοχή), i.e. the German and Italian occupation of Greece during WWII where he died fighting with the Greek resistance army.
The cast includes well-known Greek actors Aris Lembesopoulos, Maria Nafpliotou, Myrto Alikaki, Alekos Syssovitis, Alekos Alexandrakis, Nikos Rizos, Dimitris Lignadis and Tatiana Papamoschou.
You can watch the series online for free on various YouTube channels. However, you need to search a bit to find the total of 26 episodes.
Here is a link you can use to watch the first episode : https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6839q8
There are no English subtitles for the time being so it would a good exercise for intermediate or advanced Greek learners.
In the mood to discover Syros yourself, looking for the places you saw in the TV series, while learning Greek and enjoying cultural activities?
Click here to learn more about our programs in Syros
Mots-clés : greek novel, Greek TV series, learn greek, Syros island
https://omilo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aithousa.jpg 288 500 Omilo https://omilo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/omilo-logo-new-300x138.png Omilo2021-05-03 13:57:152021-09-19 11:16:50Practice your Greek with a TV series, based on Syros island and the novel by Tasos Athanasiadis.
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Nigeria: A Dilapidated Country, Unfortunately Aided By Extreme Religious Falsehood
September 08, 2022 NEWS Edit this post
Nigeria: A Dilapidated Country, Unfortunately Aided By Extreme Religious Falsehood Religion, especially in Nigeria, is filled with dogma. A...
Religion, especially in Nigeria, is filled with dogma. A dogma, simply put, is a doctrinaire. Which means seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations. Without being ambiguous, it is an act of men levying laws upon others in order to achieve their narrow interest. Put in another way, religion is the same thing as spiritual weakness. It is the opium or pill been consumed by Nigerian youths as food and the vendors are the ones they call their spiritual leaders; General overseers, Imams, Alfas, Pastors and Priests.
Religion is not the same as 'spirituality.'
But Nigerians have been falsely made to think the both are the same.
Any person that is spiritually strong, cannot be physically inactive. But, this is the deplorable state of youths in Nigeria. While some countries invest more than half of their budget on education, innovations, research and development, commerce and industries, etc., the contraption called Nigeria borrows to fund its unnecessary budget. Still, all sectors remain dead.
When will the people in this geographical area rise to reclaim their humanness, and stop being held in unproductivity in the name of being religious.
A people who do not know what they want can never achieve anything good. That is the condition Nigeria and its youths find themselves now. Power supply is a scarce commodity and those privileged to be in this sector decides when and whom gets what. The poor services of the telecommunication companies are unaffordable. There is absolutely no industries, and to crown it all, the wicked government policies are witch-hunting everyone. The mantra, 'only in the contraption called Nigeria can all these be accepted as normal,' is proclaiming Nigeria 'beyond repair.'
It is only in the contraption called Nigeria that the medical and education sectors would be shut down for more than ten months. What becomes of a people whose teachers, lecturers and doctors are all on strike indefinitely? I will tell you: Half baked graduates, uneducated professors and incompetence everywhere. And, as the masses groan due to the cumbersome burden, the exploiters are offered a front row by the self acclaimed religious leaders, thereby rewarding them for theft, treachery and wickedness. This satanic work by spiritual weaklings who spreads falsehood is given a pass by the Nigerian government controlled media channels.
This is the reason why Mazi Nnamdi Kanu, a man who hates and exposes the evil Nigeria stands for was extraordinarily renditioned all the way from Kenya to Nigeria against all international and human right laws.
Anyone who speaks against these evils will be arrested, whereas terrorists who attack barracks and villages killing anything that moves are handsomely rewarded and absorbed into the military for further terrorism. Biafrans and other Indigenous peoples do not want anything to do with Nigeria. It is clear Nigeria is dead in the spirit. The right thing is to let people go their separate ways.
#FreeMaziNnamdiKanu
#FreeBiafra
Written by Cindy Etuk
Edited by Chibueze Daniel
For Family Writers Press International


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Nash TV is an American video on demand television network owned by Cumulus Media, building on Cumulus' Nash FM and Nash Icon brand. The channel launched January 26, 2015.

Details
Nash TV is an extended platform of Cumulus' Nash FM and Nash Icon brand, with an emphasis on the country music genre. The network began expanding its platform to television in November 2014 in a deal with multi-platform music network Music Choice by providing NASH programming for MC's Music Channels, VOD and digital Video Channel. On January 20, 2015, Cumulus announced the launching of Nash TV with a preview of twelve shows that incorporates the modern-day Country lifestyle.

It was announced on June 18, 2015, that Nash TV will become available on Mobile Devices which include Apple TV, Android TV, Roku, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and 1, Google Chromecast, Samsung and Sony smart TV's, and all smartphone platforms.

It was then announced on August 11, 2015, that Nash TV would expand into the Film & Movie Industry by creating Nash TV Films

List of Nash TV Programs
America's Morning Show
Nash Nights Live
Kickin' It With Kix
Grits & Hits
Red Carpet Live
Nash Lash
Real Live Performances
Proud:Everyday American Heroes
Picks From The Sticks
AMO: American Music Overseas
BBQ Tricks
HickXtreme

References

External links

2015 establishments in the United States
Television networks in the United States
American country music
Television channels and stations established in 2015
Video on demand services
Cumulus Media radio stations


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Walter's Short
By Mooagain,
June 11, 2020 in [Don't Starve Together] General Discussion
Mooagain
I'm fairly certain that Walter found Woodie's cabin. I've gone through Woodie's quotes, and a few of them line up with that image.
For starters, Woodie mentions hanging antlers on his wall when he examines Wortox and No-eyed deer. We can see some sort of animal head mounted on the wall just off screen in the image.
Also, Woodie never had a radio. He contacted Maxwell through the gramophone like Warly. This would mean that it can't be Woodie's house, can it?
I think that the radio was placed there by someone else. It looks out of place in the cabin. Everything else in the cabin is decrepit and old, with cobwebs and weathering. But the radio is in good shape.
OMGkawaiiAngel
Aaaugh, we aren't sure if it's Woodie's cabin, I want to believe that it's "Winona's and Charlie's" old family cabin, if that's not the case, we'll find out soon.
Nino123
So walter accidentali found the cabin and the radio as he was scouting.
2 hours ago, Mooagain said:
He contacted Maxwell through the gramophone like Warly.
They both might have a radio or at least Warly did. the gramophone probably did have something to do with his disappearance.
I think rather then Walter finding Woodies cabin maybe it was the counselor's cabin?
Pryno
Pretty sure it's already confirmed that it's Woodie's, since the map shows a werebeaver.
TheTraditionalGentleman
Did Woodie have a string about having been brought here via gramophone? Because if I remember correctly, I think he mentions listening to hockey games on the radio (think that was from the radio-thing in adventure mode in DS).
Blueleaf12
His quote for the gramophone in DS is something along the lines of "it's better than what's on the radio" which suggests he's at least seen and been around a/the radio.
It's debatable when he was pulled in. My sort of gut instinct/headcanon is between 1915 and 1919. But if he had the radio, it would've been at least 1919 because of Voxola.


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Fortune – How to Keep Search Firms from Poaching Your Best Talent
Karl Alleman
With the job market heating up and the unemployment rate at a new low, there are millions of jobs waiting for the right people to fill them. This is great news for employees, but how can management retain top talent and keep high performers from jumping ship?
Karl Alleman, managing partner of Egon Zehnder's U.S. practice, explains how many companies are unwittingly falling short and giving an advantage to their competition. "They need to do a better job of recognizing who their top talents are and then telling them that they're top talents," says Alleman. Companies will often identify the people who have the ability to grow and thrive—but then, he says, bosses "don't do a good job of communicating to that individual that they see such potential and that they have a plan to help them fully realize it."
Alleman recommends giving praise where praise is due, rather than worrying about whether it will be construed as favoritism or contribute to high expectations. "If you have somebody who really is that good, you ought to let them know," Alleman says. "Because if they don't know that, they might not feel valued, and they might leave." Alleman also advises companies to lay out career paths that will foster growth and learning for their employees.
"If you can paint a picture for them on how you're going to help them fully realize their potential by moving them through different jobs—jobs in different geographies, or in different business units, or maybe even in different functions—to help round out their skills, that is really valuable," he says.
Another important tactic for leadership to consider is motivating employees by sparking their curiosity with a challenging project. "If there's one character trait that people truly need, it's curiosity: the desire to look around corners, to think about what the competition might be doing differently or what the customer might want."
Full Story: How to Keep a Headhunter From Poaching Your Best Talent (18 January 2018).
Based in Chicago, Karl Alleman is Egon Zehnder's Managing Partner in the U.S. and a member of the Firm's Executive Committee…
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Original 9 – Sentinels
Become A Lambda Man
Required Documents Submission Form
Disciplinary Action List
D-R-E-A-M
KEΨ
Kappa Lambda Chi Military Fraternity Inc. was founded in Clinton, North Carolina, July 4, 2013, by three US Armed Forces Veterans. The Founders, Sir Zachary D.S. Wyatt II, William Dickey and James K. Jackson wanted to establish an alternative to traditional Greek letter organizations for male service members. Their vision was to create a Military Fraternity that taught and mentored their members for the betterment of their local communities through outreach programs, military programs, and mentorship programs. Members of this esteem organization continue to instill in their communities a sense of Unity, Love, Commitment and Pride. These qualities ensure the ideas that Kappa Lambda Chi will forever be cemented by present and future Lambda Men. From its inception, these men conceived Kappa Lambda Chi as an instrument to support veterans, homeless shelters, rehabilitation and children centers in need through volunteer service. Also, honoring those who have served and that are no longer here by placing wreaths on the graves of service members of each branch of the military including Merchant Marines, Prisoners of War and those deemed Missing in Action.
Our membership is made up solely of Active Duty, Reserves, National Guard, Retirees, and Veterans from all walks of life from all Branches of the United States Military. While our organization is still extremely NEW, our growth has been astronomical throughout the continental United States and overseas as well. The Diversity, Professionalism, and Drive our organization brings to the table remains paramount to the success of Kappa Lambda Chi Military Fraternity Inc. for centuries to come. As a resilient and prevailing alternative to collegiate Greekdom, we pride ourselves on the mutual respect and admiration that our brothers have for one another which can clearly be seen throughout our beloved fraternity. We embody such great military attributes as Honor and Integrity all the while focusing our efforts on the elevation of our communities, ourselves, and our brotherhood which combined serves as the basis of our fraternity. As a fraternity we pride ourselves on truly exemplifying the objectives of Fidelity, Wisdom, and High Ambition. The Founders enlisted the help of six additional military men: Daryl Harris, Dennis Morton Jr., Kevin Taylor, Gary Degraffenreidt, Demetrius Blalock and Dana McGhee. These 9 men created one of the nation's first as well as the largest military fraternity and will be forever known as the 3 Founders and 6 Sentinels which make up the Original Nine. Through their desire to be partners with the community,
Imperium Sine Fine would become the mantra of Kappa Lambda Chi Military Fraternity Inc.
An Empire Without End!
Sir Zachary D.S. Wyatt II
As a service member of the United States Air Force, he worked diligently towards achieving his goals within the military while overcoming several obstacles placed before him during his tenure as an Airman which inevitably helped in the founding of Kappa Lambda Chi. His awesome sense of drive and constant thirst for knowledge kept him on a quest for individual advancement and the betterment of those that surrounded him. His life motivated us to strive to become the best in all we pursue and the standard bearer for all things Kappa Lambda Chi.
William C. Dickey
The eldest among the Founders of our great Fraternity, he was held in high regard amidst his fellow Founders for his unwavering faithfulness. He served several years of exemplary service to his country as a Soldier in the United States Army. While serving his country, he held countless positions of leadership that prepared him for greater responsibilities both in, but more so out of the military. Standing true to his beliefs and his resounding fidelity to his country he decided to remain a Soldier until his subsequent retirement. Just as his fidelity to his country he remained loyal to his beloved Kappa Lambda Chi. He was an exceptional writer as well as a shrewd businessman which reflects in his contributions to Kappa Lambda Chi and her doctrine.
James K. Jackson
A model Soldier among his fellow service members. His persistence and drive helped him in becoming a leader amongst men. In the United States Army, he dedicated every waking hour in the pursuit of honing his craft. He adopted computers as a career path and became a great military leader all the while his understanding of technology gained him financial freedom and a much deserved intellectual autonomy. With his retirement from the United States Army, warranted independence, and his constant strive for excellence his name will be forever synonymous with Kappa Lambda Chi.
Email: klcmilitaryfraternity@gmail.com
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