text:
Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)
U.S. National Historic Landmark
North entrance of the Treasury Building, 2017
Show map of Central Washington, D.C.
Show map of the District of Columbia
38°53′51″N 77°2′3.48″W / 38.89750°N 77.0343000°W / 38.89750; -77.0343000Coordinates: 38°53′51″N 77°2′3.48″W / 38.89750°N 77.0343000°W / 38.89750; -77.0343000
1836-1842 (East Wing and Central); 1855-1861 (South Wing); 1862-1864 (West Wing); 1867-1869 (North Wing)[1]
Robert Mills (East Wing and Central); Ammi B. Young and Alexander H. Bowman (South Wing); Isaiah Rogers (West Wing); Alfred B. Mullett (North Wing)[1]
Designated NHL
November 11, 1971[2]
The Treasury Building in Washington, D.C., is a National Historic Landmark building which is the headquarters of the United States Department of the Treasury. An image of the Treasury Building is featured on the back of the United States ten-dollar bill.
1.1 Early buildings
1.2 The current building
1.2.1 The East Wing
1.2.2 The South Wing Extension
1.3 Artistic elements
1.3.1 Sculpture
Early buildings[edit]
NRHP Plaque
In the spring of the year 1800, the capital of the United States was preparing to move from the well-established city of Philadelphia to a parcel of tidewater land along the Potomac River. President John Adams issued an Executive Order on May 15 instructing the federal government to move to Washington and to be open for business by June 15, 1800. Arriving in Washington, relocated government employees found only one building completed and ready to be occupied: the Treasury Department building. Of the 131 federal workers who moved to Washington, over half of them (69) were housed in the new Treasury Building, a two-story Federal/Georgian styled red brick building with a basement and attic that had 16 rooms on the first floor and 15 rooms on the second floor. The building was 147 feet long and 57 feet wide, flanking the south-east end of the President's House (later renamed the White House), one of four similar structures for the then four executive departments flanking the east (State and Treasury) and west sides (War and Navy) of the executive mansion facing Pennsylvania Avenue.
Within six months of occupying the building, a fire broke out on January 20, 1801, nearly destroying the entire structure. The fire started in one of the first floor rooms and burned through to the floor above but was extinguished before any serious structural damage occurred. The building was repaired, yet by 1805 the records of the department were beginning to overwhelm the original building and a new "fireproof" brick and masonry vault extension was planned for the west side of the Treasury building facing the next-door Presidential residence. The extension of the Treasury building was designed by architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe and completed in 1806. The first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, never got to see it finished.
The fire-proof vault addition designed by Latrobe turned out to be a hardy structure – it was the only part of the building that survived the 1814 attack by British troops who burned many of the significant buildings in Washington during the War of 1812. Treasury offices were temporarily relocated to seven buildings along Pennsylvania Avenue between 19th and 20th streets while the Treasury building, other executive departments and President's House (White House) were reconstructed. The reconstruction took until 1817 under President James Monroe to complete.
On March 30, 1833, the Treasury Building was once again engulfed in flames. Late in the evening, Richard H. White had set fire to the building hoping to destroy incriminating pension records inside the Treasury Building. Volunteers saved records that could be retrieved (mostly from the Latrobe vault extension which once again largely survived the fire) and the Treasury offices were relocated to a row of buildings on the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the nearby Willard Hotel. After the fire, architect Robert Mills was asked to prepare a set of drawings of the former brick Federal style Treasury Building recording the design of the building before the fire.
The current building[edit]
Image of the construction, showing construction of the front steps.
The East Wing[edit]
When Mills submitted drawings of the destroyed Treasury building along with a report on the need for a more fire-proof building in the future, he also included drawings of what he proposed as a potential new Treasury building. Mills eventually won a design competition and was appointed Architect of Public Buildings by President Andrew Jackson to oversee the design and construction of the Treasury and Patent Office buildings. Construction on the new Treasury building began on September 7, 1836.
Disagreements over the Treasury building came to a head less than two years into the construction of the east wing. In January, 1838 a proposal was introduced in Congress to demolish the partially constructed building. The Committee on Public Buildings directed Capitol building architect Thomas U. Walter to inspect and report on the Treasury building. A report on January 29, 1838 by Walter critical of the building design was rebutted by Mills a few weeks later in February. Despite Mills' arguments, a congressional bill was brought to the floor and voted on with the recommendation to demolish the Treasury building and use the stone for a replacement Post Office building. The bill was narrowly defeated 94-91 and work on the Treasury building was allowed to continue.
The Mills wings of the current Treasury building (east and center sections) were finally completed in 1842. The massive, 350' long Greek inspired Ionic colonnade facing 15th street is the most striking feature of Mills design. By 1844, the tan sandstone exterior, including the colonnade, was painted white to protect the integrity of the stone (the same stone and painting thereof was used at the "White" House as well). While Mills had always envisioned additional wings added to the Treasury building beginning with a south wing extension, in 1851, he was removed from his Treasury position before any design or construction of the south wing had begun.
The South Wing Extension[edit]
By the early 1850s there was a growing need to increase the size of the Treasury building. Mills revised his earlier design and submitted a plan to Treasury Secretary Thomas Corwin. Controversy followed Mills yet again and Thomas U. Walter was brought in to critique the Mills plan and eventually provided two design drawings of his own. Walter's drawings for the first time showed a west wing of the Treasury building on the site of former Greenhouses for the White House that would eventually create a closed rectangular shaped Classical Revival styled stone building with Mills center wing bisecting the rectangle and creating two enclosed courtyards. Ultimately Walters design was chosen and in 1851, Robert Mills was released from his architectural position at the Treasury Department.
In 1853 Ammi B. Young was named the Supervising Architect in the Office of Construction at the Treasury Department. Key among his responsibilities was to merge the design approaches previously prepared for the addition of a south wing to the Treasury building extending over the site of the old State Department offices. One of the most important revisions was the acceptance of the need to expand the Treasury building with both simultaneously a south and west wings. The inclusion of the later west wing in the design and planning created an opportunity for economies of scale by reducing costs for manpower and building materials. In 1855 ground was broken to start excavating for the South Wing foundation after the razing of the old State Department.
By 1857 construction of the south wing had progressed up to the second-floor level and excavations for the west wing foundations had begun. Progress on the Treasury building came to a halt in 1858 with the country falling into a recession after the financial Panic of 1857. Construction on all federal buildings was stopped due to a lack of funding appropriations from Congress. Before the stoppage, the construction of the south wing had completed setting in place over 45 monolithic stone columns and pilasters, some weighing as much as 33 tons each. But economic challenges were not the only events that disrupted the construction of the south and west wings of the Treasury building. By 1860 it appeared almost certain that the country was headed towards a military conflict between the states.
Artistic elements[edit]
Sculpture[edit]
Statue of Alexander Hamilton
Sculptor James Earle Fraser created the statue of Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, which stands in front of the southern facade facing Alexander Hamilton Place and The Ellipse beyond, and that of Albert Gallatin, the fourth and longest serving Secretary, which stands before the northern entrance facing Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.[3]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Treasury Building.
^ a b W. Brown Morton III (February 3, 1971). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: United States Department of the Treasury" (pdf). National Park Service. and Accompanying five photos, exterior, undated (32 KB)
^ "United States Department of the Treasury". National Historic Landmark Program. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
^ U.S. Department of the Treasury - Fact Sheets: Treasury Building accessed 26 April 2014
Architectural style categories
Lists by state
Lists by insular areas
Lists by associated state
Agencies under the United States Department of the Treasury
Headquarters: Treasury Building
Steven Mnuchin, Secretary of the Treasury
Justin Muzinich, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
of the Treasury
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
Community Development Financial Institutions Fund
Office of Tax Policy
for International Affairs
Office of East Asia
Office of South and Southeast Asia Nations
Office of Europe & Eurasia
Office of the Western Hemisphere
Office of International Monetary Policy
Office of Banking and Securities
Office of International Debt Policy
Office of Development Policy
Office of Financing Operations
Office of African Nations
Office of the Middle East and North Africa
Office of International Trade
Office of International Investment
Office of Trade Finance
Office of Technical Assistance
Office of Risk and Research Analysis
Exchange Stabilization Fund
Under Secretary of
the Treasury for
Domestic Finance
Advanced Counterfeit Deterrence
Federal Financing Bank
Office of Debt Management
Office of Financial Institutions
Office of Financial Markets
Office of Financial Stability
Office of Fiscal Service
Bureau of the Fiscal Service
the Treasury for Terrorism
and Financial Intelligence
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
Office of Foreign Assets Control
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
Treasury Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture
Treasurer of the United States
United States Mint
Landmarks of Washington, D.C.
African American Civil War
American Veterans Disabled for Life
Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument
Mary McLeod Bethune
D.C. War
John Ericsson
Samuel Gompers
Holocaust Museum
Holodomor Genocide
Japanese American Patriotism During World War II
Jefferson Memorial
Lyndon Baines Johnson Grove
Marquis de Lafayette
Korean War Veterans
George Meade
Peter Muhlenberg
National Statuary Hall Collection
Navy – Merchant Marine
Nuns of the Battlefield
Peace Monument
Signers of the Declaration of Independence
The Three Soldiers
Jean de Rochambeau
Theodore Roosevelt Island
Taras Shevchenko
Statues of the Liberators
Oscar Straus
Robert A. Taft
Vietnam Veterans
Vietnam Women's
Rainbow Pool
Capitol Reflecting Pool
Immaculate Conception Basilica
Exorcist steps
Ford's Theatre
Petersen House
Healy Hall
Jefferson Pier
National Capitol Columns
Lincoln's Cottage at Soldiers' Home
Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool
National Cathedral
Old Post Office Pavilion
The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace
Tidal Basin
Treasury Building
Tudor Place
United States Supreme Court Building
Willard Hotel
Constitution Gardens
East Potomac Park
Freedom Plaza
L'Enfant Plaza
Meridian Hill Park
Pershing Park
The Ellipse
United States Botanic Garden
West Potomac Park
Anacostia River
Arlington Memorial Bridge
Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Constitution Avenue
Francis Scott Key Bridge
Zero Milestone
Nearby landmarks
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
John F. Kennedy gravesite
Marine Corps War Memorial
Pentagon Memorial
United States Air Force Memorial
Women in Military Service for America Memorial
Adams Memorial
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
Gold Star Mothers Monument
National Desert Storm and Desert Shield War Memorial
National Liberty Memorial
Peace Corps Commemorative
National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission
List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Public art in Washington, D.C. (Outdoor sculpture, American Revolution Statuary, Civil War Monuments, commemorating African-Americans)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)&oldid=881197163"
Government buildings completed in 1842
Buildings of the United States government in Washington, D.C.
Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.
National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
Office buildings in Washington, D.C.
Robert Mills buildings
United States Department of the Treasury
Ammi B. Young buildings
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
1842 establishments in Washington, D.C.


In the past four days I have run 102K and am looking forward to a mini-taper in the next three days to rest up for the Vancouver Sun Run, the largest 10K in the world with 60,000 runners registered for the 2011 edition.
On Sunday, I ran 35K, followed on Monday by an easy 10K at recovery pace in the morning and another 7K in the afternoon.
Tuesday called for a VO2max session. I ran 11.5K from home to the dirt/gravel track on the other side of Squamish. There I did 6 X 1200 metre repeats, i.e. 6 X 3 laps around the track, at 5K race pace. I jogged an easy lap, 400m, between each interval.
I was pleased to run the 1200s in 4:40, 4:38, 4:37, 4:33. 4:38 and 4:35 on tired legs. Rest was between 2:23 and 3:33. While not quite the 4:30 I was supposed to do, I didn't want to dig super-deep as I preferred to save that mental strength for Sunday's 10K race.
Tim picked me up from the track and we went for a walk with Luka on the nearby trails, a perfect cooldown from this 21K session in the late afternoon. These types of intense workouts always scare me a little, but completing them is very satisfying.
The next morning I walked Luka for half an hour, a good warm-up, before heading out for a 24K run. It was cooler than the previous afternoon, which was nice. My legs felt light and energetic.
I covered the first 12K in 62:10, with a couple of stops to take a sip of the dark-brown Hammer Gel espresso & water mixture without spilling it all over my white shirt. My average heart rate was 135.
Heading back home, I picked up my pace and ran the next 10.14K in 48:54, or an average of 4:49 per K at 136bpm. This section included a stop as I ran into two female runners in their 60s who warned me about the bear they had just crossed paths with.
Since I felt good, I decided to maintain effort on a 1.3K section 'back up the hill' to Valleycliffe, taking 6:32 at 155 bpm, before slowing to cool down in the final 500m. Overall, I ran 5:01 for the 24K at an average heart rate of 136bpm.
In the evening, Tim, Luka and I went for a 5K jog around the block to round up my four-day mileage to 102K.
In the next three days, I'll run between 31 and 37K (depending on whether I'll do a double run today as planned, or choose to do only one session) to recover for the Vancouver Sun Run on Sunday.
My plan is to improve my four-year-old 10K personal best, which is 39:51. I ran this 10K last year for the first time; I clocked 40:09 on my watch, and I'd like to think I can go quicker this weekend.
I am very much looking forward to racing the Vancouver Sun Run as hard as I can.


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The Togo Pack
WDFW Range Map
The Togo Pack was designated in 2017. It had two wolves at the end of 2017.
In summer 2018, Togo wolves were suspected in several livestock predations. June 2018, biologists collared an adult male wolf from the pack and confirmed at least two pups were born in the spring. In August 2018, the state began to share collar data with livestock producer in the area, who shot the black collared wolf in reported self-defense. In September, the state agency shot the injured male, whose back leg had been broken by the bullet several days previously. See below for video of the male wolf and pups from August 2018.
As of the end of 2018, the pack had only two remaining wolves and was not counted as a successful breeding pair for 2018.
Although wolves are an endangered species according to Washington law, under the Washington Wolf Plan and Wolf-Livestock Interaction Protocol, the state may kill wolves that are believed to be members of a pack that predates on livestock within a specified frequency and interval.
In July 2019, a producer in Togo Pack territory reported that he had shot and likely killed a wolf he caught in the act of attacking one of his calves.
In August 2019, the state wildlife agency again authorized lethal action against the remaining two known members of the pack, who had been implicated in further livestock predations. No wolves had been killed pursuant to this authorization as of November 2019.
Togo male, after being collared June 2018. WDFW
Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife – Togo Pack

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Dimensions 0.75 by 7 by 10.25 in.
English language; Rhetoric; Study and teaching.
About: This all-new definitive guide to writing imaginative fiction takes a completely novel approach and fully exploits the visual nature of fantasy through original drawings, maps, renderings, and exercises to create a spectacularly beautiful and inspiring object.


Write a program to calculate the sum of the series of even numbers.
Program statement :- Write a program in the ALP of 8085 to calculate the sum of series of even numbers. Assume that the length of the series is stored at memory location D000 H and the series itself begins at memory D001 H. Store the result at memory location E000 H. Draw flowchart.
Initialize the sum to zero. Load the count of numbers in register C. Iniialize pointer to start of series.
To check whether the number is even we will AND the number with 01 H. If the result of ANDing is zero it indicates that the number is even. We will add this even number to the initialised sum.
Decrement counter Increment source pointer to next location. Continue the process till sum of all even numbers is found. Store the sum at memory location E000 H.
Explain Pin diagram of 8085 microprocessor.
This is one of the favourite topic for the examiners. As you can see almost every year comes a question based on the pin diagram of microprocessor 8085 and its various pins description. If you see previous years sample papers of Microprocessor and interfacing, you will be able to find it how important this topic/concept is. So i do recommend to prepare this question for the coming December semester 2018. Students can prepare this topic through the notes they may have made during the semester if any case one can find all the useful and important concepts, topics, notes here on my website. For more updates on the topics, notes or latest Sample papers of B.Tech keep on watching my website. So here's your topic below happy reading/self studying.
It is an 8-bit general purpose microprocessor capable of addressing 64kb of memory. The device has 40 pins and works on +5v single power supply. It is a TTLIC. Lets see the pin diagram of 8085 with direction of signals.
A8 - A15 : Address bus :- These are unidirectional O/P tristate signals, used as higher order 8 bit of 16 bit address. These signals are unidirectional meaning that the address is given by 8085 to select a memory or an I/O device. Address line A8 - A15 are used to send higher order 8 bit address from microprocessor to memory. These lines are tristated by 8085 in response of following signals : (1) Reset (2) Hold (3) Halt.
AD0 - AD7 : Multiplexed address/data bus : These are bidirectional i.e. input/output. Tristate signals having two set of signals they are address and data. The lower 8 bits of 16 bit address (i.e. A0 - A7) is multiplexed or time shared with data bus ( D0 - D7). From same 8 bit line two types of signals are transmitted.
All the operations of the microprocessor are performed sequentially with reference to the clock. Microprocessor perform an operation in a specific period, that is known as operation cycles.
In an operations cycle during earlier part it is used as lower address and in later part it is used as data bus. But for peripheral devices we want separate address and data signals so these signals are demultiplexed by using latch and ALE signal. These lines are tristated by 8085 for condition same as A8 - A15.
Vcc is to be connected to +5v power supply.
These are clock input signals, connected to crystal. LC or RC network. The crystal, LC or RC is connected between these two pins.
The X1 and X2 pins drive the internal clock generator circuit. Hence, externally only one crystal is enough.
The frequency is divided by 2 and used as operating frequency. Generally the 6.014 MHz crystal is connected to X1 and X2, this is divided by 2. So the operating frequency of 8085 is 3.07 MHz.
This is an output signal, used as a system clock.
The internal operating frequency is available on CLK OUT pin.
This pin can be used by the peripherals as a system clock input for their operation. Hence, there will be synchronisation between the different peripherals and the microprocessor.
This is an active low, input reset signal. When RESETIN = 0, it clears program counter i.e 0000 and makes address, data and control lines tristated. After reset the status of internal register and flags are unpredictable. The instruction register is reset. Halt flip-flop is reset. The program counter is reset. All maskable interrupts are disabled. Also, other peripherals along with 8085 are reset.
The CPU is held in the reset condition as long as RESETIN is applied.
After reset the microprocessor starts executing instructions from 0000 H on wards.
This is an active high, output signal used to indicate that the microprocessor is reset.
This signal is used as system reset, to reset other devices connected in system.
This is an active high level and edge triggered, non maskable, vectored highest priority interrupt.
When TRAP line is active microprocessor performs internal restart automatically at vector address 0024 H.
These are active high level, triggered, vectored, maskable interrupt. They cause an internal restart to be automatically inserted.
The priorities of these are RST 7.5, RST 6.5 or RST 5.5.
When RST 7.5, RST 6.5 or RST 5.5 is active microprocessor performs internal restart automatically at vector addresses 003C H, 0034 H, 002C H respectively.
INTR is an active high, level triggered general purpose, non-vectored interrupt.
It has the lowest priority.
Whenever a device requires a service it has to request service on this pin by making it's logic "I".
The interrupting device has to state where the interrupt service is placed in the memory.
It is an output signal.
INTA is used to indicate that the microprocessor has received an INTR interrupt.
This is an output signal, used to give information of AD0 - AD7 contents.
It is a positive going pulse generated during the first clock cycle of a machine cycle.
When pulse is high it indicates that the contents of AD0 - AD7 (i.e. demultiplex) to A0 - A7 are address. When it is low it indicates that the contents are data.
The ALE signal is used to separate AD0 - AD7(i.e demultiplex) to A0 - A7 and D0 - D7. To do this separation an external latch is connected to AD0 - AD7 lines and this latch is controlled by ALE signal.
This is an output status signal, used to give information of operation to be performed with memory or I/O device.
If IO/M = 0, the microprocessor is performing a memory related operation.
If IO/M = 1, the microprocessor is performing an I/O device related operation.
It is an output control signal that is used to read data from the selected memory location or an I/O location via data bus.
A low on this pin indicated that an operation performed is a read operation.
It is an output control signal used to write data to selected memory location or an I/O location via data bus.
A low on this pin indicated that an operation performed is write operation.
(v) Ready : It is used by the microprocessor to sense whether a peripheral is ready or not for data transfer. If not, the processor waits. It is thus used to synchronize slower peripherals to the microprocessor. If peripherals are fast enough it is tied to Vcc. If it is left open, 8085 enters in the wait state.
What do you mean by Data Structure ? Describe different types of Data Structure ?
Q.1. What do you mean by Data Structure ? Describe different types of Data Structure ?
In other words, the organised collection of data is called data structure.
Let us now formally define a Data Structure.
A set of functions specifying the operations permitted on the data values.
A set of axioms describing how these operations work.
Classification of Data Structure : There are various ways to classify data structure.
Primitive and Non-Primitive data structure : The data structure that are atomic (indivisible) are called primitive. Example are integer, real, boolean and characters.
The data structures that are not atomic are called non primitive or composite. Example are records, array and string.
Linear and Non-Linear data structure : In a linear data structure, the data items are arranged in a linear sequence. Example is array.
In a non-linear data structures, the data items are not in sequence. Example is tree.
Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous data structure : In homogeneous structures, all the elements are of same type. Example is arrays.
In non-homogeneous structures, the elements may or may not be of the same type. Example is Records.
Static and dynamic data structures : Static structures are ones whose size and structures, associated memory location are fixed at compile time.
Dynamic structures are ones which expand or shrink as required during the program execution and there associate memory location change.
Write Reverse algorithm for binary search.
The Reverse method reverses the order of the elements in an array.
BinarySearch(): performs a binary search on the list of elements.
Short notes on Priority Queues, Dynamic Allocation, Tree Reversal and File organization.
(a) Priority Queues : Priority queue is an ordered list of homogeneous elements. In a normal queue, service is provided on the basis of First-in-first-out. In priority queue, service is not provided on the basis of "first-come-first-served" basis but rather than each element has a priority based on the urgency of need.
An element with higher priority is processed before other elements with lower priority.
Elements with the same priority are processed on "first-come-first served" basis.
An example of priority queue is found in long term scheduling of jobs processed in a computer. In practice, short processes are given a priority over long processed as it improves the average response of the system.
List is always maintained sorted on priority of elements with the highest priority element at the front. Here, deletion is trivial but insertion is complicated as the element must be inserted at the correct place depending on its priority.
List is maintained in the "FIFO" form but the service is provided by selecting the element with highest priority. Deletion is difficult as the entire queue must be traversed to locate the element with highest priority. Here, insertion is trivial (at rear end).
Operating System : Priority queue is used for job scheduling and interrupt handling in operating system.
Graph Searching : It is used for shortest path graph searching.
Event-driven simulation : It is used for customers in a line.
Data Compression : It is used for Huffman codes.
Numerical Computation : It is used for reducing round off error.
Computational number theory : It is used to find the sum of powers.
Artificial Intelligence : It is used of A* search.
(b) Dynamic Allocation : The process of allocating memory at the time of execution is called dynamic memory allocation. The allocation and release of this memory space can be done with the help of some built-in-functions whose prototypes are found in alloch.h and stdlib.h header files. These functions tame memory from a memory area called heap and release this memory whenever not required, so that it can be used again for some other purpose.
Pointers play an important role in dynamic memory allocation for some other purpose. The dynamically allocated memory only through pointers.
On successful execution of the above statement, a memory space of the size 100* size of an integer in byte is reversed and the address of the first byte of the memory allocated is assigned to the pointer P.
Example for allocating dynamic memory for storing 100 integer numbers using calloc().
The above statement allocates contiguous space for 100 blocks, each of size 'sizeof(int)'. All bytes are initialized to zero and pointer to the first byte of allocated memory is assigned to pointer P.
(c) Tree Reversal : Most of the tree operation require traversing tree in particular order. Traversing a tree is a process of visiting every node of the tree and exactly once. Since, a binary tree is defined in a recursive manner, tree traversal too could be defined recursively. For example, to traverse a tree, one may visit the root first, then the left subtree and finally traverse the right subtree. If we impose the restriction than left subtree is visited before the right subtree then free different combination of visiting the root, traversing left subtree, traversing right sub-tree is possible.
Visit the root, traverse, left sub-tree, traverse right sub-tree.
Traverse left subtree, visit the root, traverse right subtree.
Traverse left subtree, traverse right subtree, visit the root.
These three techniques of traversal are known as Preorder, inorder and postorder traversal of a binary tree.
Firstly, visit the root mode.
Next, traverse the left subtree in pre-order.
At last, traverse the right-subtree in preorder.
Firstly, traverse the left sub-tree in-order.
Next, visit the root node.
At last, traverse the right subtree in in-order.
Firstly, traverse the left subtree in postorder.
Next, traverse the right subtree in postorder.
At last, visit the root node.
In a sequential file, data records are stored in specific sequence. Records are physically ordered on the value of one the fields called the ordering fields. Records could also be stored in the order of arrival.
In a relative file, each record is stored at a fixed place in a file. Each record is associated with a integer key value, which is mapped to fixed slot in a file.
Direct file is similar to relative file. Direct file popularly known as a hashed file. Here the key value need not be an integer.
In an indexed sequential file an index is added to a sequential file to provide random access. An overflow are should be maintained to allow insertions.
In an index file, data records need not be sequenced. An index is maintained to improve access.
(a). Write Reverse algorithm for binary search.
(b). What do you mean by Data Structures ? Describe different types of Data Structures.
Q.3. What is "stack". How a stack can be represented in memory ? Also describe various application of stack.
Q.4. Write an algorithm to insert and delete an element from double linked list.
Q.5. Give linked implementation of queues.
(a). Explain threaded binary trees in detail.
(b). Explain the concept of B trees in detail.
Q.7. What is Graph ? Give Set, Linked and matrix representation of graphs.
Q.8. How file can be managed in C ? Explain with example.
Direct memory access (DMA) :- It is a feature of modern computers that allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory independently of the central processing unit(CPU).
Without DMA, when the CPU is using programmed input/output, it is typically fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation, and is thus unavailable to perform other work. With DMA, the CPU initiates the transfer, does other operations while the transfer is in progress, and receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operations is done. This feature is useful any time the CPU cannot keep up with the rate of data transfer, or where the CPU needs to perform useful work while waiting for a relatively slow I/O data transfer. Many hardware systems use DMA, including disk drive controllers, graphics cards, network cards and sound cards. DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors. Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channel. Similarly, a processing element inside a multi core processor can transfer data to and from its local memory without occupying its processor time, allowing computation and data transfer to proceed in parallel.
What is programmable interval timer ?
There are two types of programmable interval timer are generally used. Intel 8253 is a programmable Interval Timer/Counter which can generate accurate time delays and wave forms ranging from 0 HZ to 2 MHz using software control. 8254 is its upgraded version which can operate with higher clock frequency range (DC - 8 MHz) and it is pin to pin compatible with 8253.
What are NOP and HLT instructions ?
Mnemonic NOP Flags : It does not affect any flag.
Operation The execution of this instruction causes the CPU to do nothing.
Mnemonic Halt processing Flags : No flags are affected.
The HLT instruction will cause the 8086 to stop fetching and executing instructions. The 8086 enters into a half state. To come out of the halt state, there are 3 ways : (a) Interrupt signal on INTR pin, (b) Interrupt signal on NMI pin, (c) Reset signal on reset pin.
It may be used as an alternative to an endless software loop in situations where a program must wait for an interrupt.
Write a program to find 1's complement of the number.
Statement : Find the 1's complement of the number stored at memory location 2200H and store the complemented number at memory location 2300H.
HLT -> Terminate program execution.
(a) Write a program to find 1's complement of the number.
(b) What are NOP and HLT instructions ?
(c) What is programmable interval timer ?
(d) Explain direct memory access.
(a) Define interrupts ? Explain 8085 interrupts.
(b) Describe various arithmetic instructions with examples in 8085.
(a) Explain pin diagram of 8085 microprocessor.
(b) What is the functioning of timing and control unit in 8085 microprocessor? Discuss all its signals in details.
(a) Explain BIU and EU of 8086 microprocessor.
(a) Explain the block diagram of 8086 microprocessor.
(b) How physical address is computed in 8086 microprocessor ?
Q.6. Write a simple assembly program to subtract two memory location, where each memory location is one byte wide.
(a) Write short notes on directives and operators.
(b) Write a 8086 assembly language program to find largest number in data array.
Q.8. Explain 8259 interrupt controller with the help of block diagram.
(a) 8253/8254 programmable interval timer.
(b) Instruction register and priority resolver.
Explain 8259 interrupt controller with the help of block diagram.
Data bus buffer : It is used to transfer data between microprocessor and internal bus.
Control logic : It generates an INT signal. In response to an INTA signal, it releases three byte CALL address or one byte vector number. It controls read/write control logic, cascade buffer/comparator, in service register, priority resolver and IRR.
Cascade buffer and comparator : In master mode, it functions as a cascaded buffer. The cascaded buffers outputs slave identification number on cascade lines. In slave mode, it functions as a comparator. The comparator reads slave identification number from cascade lines and compares this number with its internal identification number. In buffered mode it generates an EN signal.
Read/write logic : It sets the direction of data bus buffer. It controls all internal read/write operations. It contain initialisation and operation command register.
IRR(Interrupt Request Register) : It is used to store all pending interrupt requests. Each bit of this register is set at the rising edge or at the high level of the corresponding interrupt request line. The microprocessor can read contents of this register by issuing appropriate, command word.
InSR (In-Service Register) : It is used to store all interrupt levels currently being serviced. Each bit of this register is set by priority resolver and reset by end of interrupt command word. The microprocessor can read contents of this register by issuing appropriate command word.
IMR (Interrupt Mask Register) : It is a programmable register. It is used to mask unwanted interrupt request, by writing command word. The microprocessor can read contents of this register without issuing any command word.
Priority resolver : It determines the priorities of the bit set in the IRR. To make decision, the priority resolver looks at the ISR. If the higher priority bit in the InSR is set then it ignores the new request. If the priority revolvers finds that the new interrupt has a higher priority than the highest priority interrupt currently being serviced and the new interrupt is not in service, then it will set appropriate bit in the InSR and send the INT signal to the microprocessor for new interrupt request.
Discuss 8237 DMA controller in detail.
The 8237 DMA Controller : 8237 is a programmable DMA controller present in 40 pin package. 8237 has a 4 channels with channel capable of transferring 64kb. It must interface with two types of devices : the MPU and peripherals such as floppy disks. As mentioned earlier, the DMA plays two roles in a given system : It is an I/O to the microprocessor (slave mode) and it is a data transfer processor to peripherals such as floppy disks (master mode). Many of its signals that are input in the I/O mode become outputs in the processor mode. It also needs additional signals lines to communicate with the address 64 k data bytes and these signals must be generated externally by using latches and buffers. The 8237 is complex device. To maintain clarity, the following discussion is divided into five segments : DMA channels and interfacing. DMA signals, system interface programming, and DMA execution.
Block Diagram of 8237 : Figure shows the internal block diagram of 8237. It contains blocks of control logic and internal registers.
Control Logic : The 8237 A contains three blocks of control logic.
Timing Control Block : It generates internal timing and external control signal for the 8237A.
Program Command Control Block : It decodes various commands given to 8237A by the microprocessor before servicing a DMA request. It also decodes the 'Mode control word, which is used to select the type of DMA during the servicing.
Priority Encoder Block : It resolves the priority between DMA channels requesting services simultaneously.
Internal Registers : The 8237 contains 344 bits internal memory in the form of registers.
Write short notes on directives and operators.
Assembler directives : These are the statements that direct the assembler to do something. As the name suggest, it direct the assembler to do a task.
The specialty of these statements is that they are effective only during the assembly of a program but they do not generate any code that is machine executable.
We can divide the assembler directives into two categories namely the general purpose directives and the special directives.
They are classified into the following categories namely the general purpose directives and the special directives.
Length : It is operator which tells the assembler to determine the number of elements in some named data item such as a string or array. Example, MOV BX, LENGTH STRING 1; Loads the length string in BX.
OFFSET : It is an operator which tells the assembler to determine the off set or displacement of a named data item (variable) from the start of the segment which contais. Example, MOV AX, OFFSET MESI, : Loads the offset of variable, MESI in AX register.
Type : It is an operator which tells assembler to determine the type of specified variable. Assembler determines the type of specified variable in number of bytes. For byte types variable the assembler gives a value of 1. For word type variable the assembler gives a value 2 and for doubles word type variable the assembler gives a value of 4.


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Maksym – imię męskie pochodzenia łacińskiego, utworzone od przymiotnika maximus oznaczający "największy", przydomka Jowisza. Istnieją liczni święci prawosławni i katoliccy o tym imieniu:
Maksym Wyznawca, Maksym Grek, Maksym Wołoski, Maksym Gorlicki, Maksym z Riez i wielu innych.

Żeńskim odpowiednikiem jest Maksyma.

Maksym imieniny obchodzi: 15 stycznia, 23 stycznia, 25 stycznia, 3 lutego, 18 lutego, 13 kwietnia, 15 kwietnia, 30 kwietnia, 5 maja, 11 maja, 15 maja, 8 czerwca, 23 czerwca, 2 sierpnia, 13 sierpnia, 17 sierpnia, 20 sierpnia, 23 sierpnia, 30 października, 19 listopada, 27 listopada i 27 grudnia.

Znane osoby noszące to imię
 Maksym V, patriarcha Konstantynopola
 Massimo Ambrosini
 Maksim Anisimau
 Maxime Bossis
 Massimo Busacca
 Massimo Botti
 Maxime Carlot Korman
 Maksim Czudow
Massimo De Vita - rysownik komiksów z Myszką Miki i Kaczorem Donaldem
 Maxime Faget
Massimo Fecchi - rysownik komiksów z Myszką Miki i Kaczorem Donaldem
 Maksim Gorki
 Maksim Jakucenia
 Maksym Kałynyczenko
 Maksym Krzywonos
 Maksim Litwinow
 Maksim Marinin – rosyjski łyżwiarz figurowy
 Maksim Munzuk
 Maksym Nikonorow – doktor farmacji, docent toksykologii Akademii Medycznej w Łodzi
 Massimo Oddo
 Massimo Paci (ur. 1978) – włoski piłkarz
 Maxim Reality
 Maksim Shatskix (Szackich)
 Maxime Vachier-Lagrave
 Maxime Weygand – francuski generał i prawicowy polityk, Honorowy Obywatel Miasta Warszawy
 Maksym Żeleźniak
 Maksym Drabik – żużlowiec

Zobacz też
 Sainte-Maxime
 San Massimo

Przypisy

Męskie imiona łacińskie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I felt the urge to meditate at the beach today. The sun was setting, the waves were choppy and sprawling, and I reflected it all off my coffee, gold, and emerald eyes. I was troubled … I didn't exactly know why. A mixture of the Change happening within me, and the ever-changing unknown that is Life all around.
I closed my eyes to feel the sun on my face more fully, and to hear the gulls cry. I opened them to take in the liquid gold rolling toward me as the sun continued its descent.
I don't know how familiar you are with the Pacific in January, but … well, it's cold! I ignored the whisper … but of course it persisted. Call it your gut feeling, instinct, intuition, whatever … for me, that's what I have pledged to listen to, and consider. With Love as my measure, I test these intuitive waters … and then act.
Love had no problem with me walking in the Pacific in January.
So I took my shoes and socks off, hiked my jeans up to my calves, and made my way through the boulders to get to the beach beyond. It was beautiful. My toes sank into the wet earth and I drank the decadent sunset with thirsty eyes. I felt God kiss me, I felt Love, I felt one with the Universe … it was lovely; but I didn't understand why the Voice had told me to come walk in the waves. Was it all just to feel Loved? I say that as if it means nothing … but I guess I just expect something monumental when God speaks to me.
After a while I made my way back through the boulders to the bench where I had left my shoes. I sat and began to swat the wet sand off my feet. I looked out at the ocean again and I saw my footprints in the sand. The thought went through my head, "That is the mark you have left on the world today," and I watched as a wave rolled over them and filled each footprint up with salt-water and sand. They had almost disappeared with just one wave.
Yeah … THAT was worth taking off my shoes to walk in the waves for :-).
That's beautiful! I love the beach for meditation and there's something so healing about paddling in the sea.
Thank you, Rachel … it is good to hear from you! Happy 2013 to you as well :-).


After looking at ciphers which can replace the letters of one's message by completely different letters, a cipher that can't change any letters at all seems weak.
And, if your message might mention, or might not mention, someone with, say, a Q or an X in his name, then a transposition cipher will indeed give that away, although one could solve that by adding some garbage to the end of your message before encrypting it. But transposition ciphers can be secure in themselves, and as well, transposition methods are useful to know, since they can be mixed with substitution methods for a more secure cipher.
Using a key word or phrase, such as CONVENIENCE, assign a number to each letter in the word using this rule: the numbers are assigned starting with 1, and they are assigned first by alphabetical order, and second, where the same letter appears twice, by position in the word.
Of course, it wouldn't be left with the spaces showing the columns that were used.
Decoding is harder - to read a message scrambled this way, you first have to count the letters to determine, in this case, that there are 45 letters, and so the first column will have five letters in it, and the other ones four, so that you know when to stop when filling the letters in vertically to read them out horizontally.
Since the text being transposed is split into nearly regular divisions of almost equal length, even double columnar transposition can be broken without recourse to multiple anagramming: the use of several messages of the same length, enciphered in the same key, to recover the transposition by matching together columns of letters that form reasonable letter pairs.
Here, the first row is filled in only up to the column with the key number 1; the second row is filled in only up to the column with the key number 2; and so on. Of course, one still stops when one runs out of plaintext, so the eighth row stops short of the key number 8 in this example. This method has the advantage of dividing the text being transposed in a more irregular fashion than ordinary columnar transposition.
Various methods of modifying ordinary columnar transposition slightly to make it irregular have been used from time to time.
For example, during World War I, the French army used a transposition in which diagonal lines of letters were read off before the rest of the diagram. Also, several countries have used columnar transpositions in which several positions in the grid were blanked out and not used.
here, the alphabet becomes DIVYR AFJMOT CHLXQ BGKNP EUWZS.
Another interesting form of transposition is the "turning grille", used by Germany during the First World War.
A square grille, divided into a grid of squares, one-quarter of which are punched with holes, is placed over a sheet of paper. The message is written on the paper through the holes, and then the grille is rotated by 90 degrees, and then the message continues to be written, as the grille is turned through all four possible positions.
The trick to designing such a grille is to divide the grille into quarters, numbering the squares in each quarter so that as the grille is rotated, corresponding squares have the same number. Then, choose one square with each number for punching.
In World War I, the Germans used turning grilles with an odd number of holes on each side as well as with an even number; to do this, they marked the square in the centre, which was always punched, with a black border to indicate it was only to be used in one of the grille's positions.
There are two important uses of transposition which are connected with substitution ciphers.
Transposition can be used to generate a scrambled order of the letters in the alphabet for use as a substitution alphabet.
Transposition forms part of a fractionation cipher, where letters are divided into parts, then the parts are put back together in a different order, belonging to different letters.


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Buffs trying to replace Tedric Thompson's…
Buffs trying to replace Tedric Thompson's production
Mark Leffingwell / Daily Camera
Colorado safety Terrel Smith is one of three players that saw time at the position after Tedric Thompson was injured.
By Kyle Ringo |
October 1, 2014 at 6:46 p.m.
It takes three guys to do what Tedric Thompson does at strong safety in the Colorado defense.
When Thompson had to leave last week's game at Cal after suffering a bruised sternum in the middle of the first half, Marques Mosley, Evan White and Terrel Smith all stood ready to replace him in the defense, depending on what package CU defensive coaches had on the field.
When Thompson is healthy, he generally doesn't come out, which is why he was leading the Buffs in tackles before last week's game and he continues to lead the team in interceptions.
Thompson has been practicing in a blue jersey this week, the sign at CU of a player trying to nurse an injury, but he is expected to be on the field Saturday (2 p.m., Pac-12 Networks) when the Buffs play host to Oregon State at Folsom Field. That's good news for CU fans who watched Cal score 45 points in the second half and overtime last week when Thompson was out of the game.
Secondary coach Charles Clark said Wednesday that Thompson's role in the defense actually began to enlarge late last season when he was earning a lot of playing time. He took the opportunity and ran with it and now might be as important to the success of the unit and defensive tackle Josh Tupou or linebacker Addison Gillam.
"You can't buy experience," Clark said. "You just got to earn it. Him playing so many snaps last year. He made a few mistakes last year and he was able to learn from those. He carried it over to the spring and was able to build on those and also continue to learn the defense, which allows him to play fast this year."
Clark says he has confidence in the three players behind Thompson on the depth chart. He said Mosley, who also suffered an injury last week, is expected to be available this week as well.
White is in a similar position now as a true freshman to what Thompson was experiencing at this time last year. White already is making a name for himself and the leading points earned on CU's special teams units. White plays on the punt team, punt return team and kickoff return team and he's beginning to make progress learning the ropes at safety, including suffering through some hard lessons like those he learned in the loss at Cal.
"He did some good things," coach Mike MacIntyre said of White. "He's a big, good athlete. We played him on special teams and he made some big plays on special teams Saturday. He's getting better and better in that role and he'll also play some more on defense and keep going from there. I thought he did a very good job and I think he's going to be a very good football player in this league."
Clark said CU coaches don't have to limit the defense in any way when they bring in one of the three players behind Thompson because each of those players has a defined role that they know well.
MacIntyre said playing safety is probably the toughest position on the defense to learn. He compared it with the quarterback on offense. MacIntyre said having Thompson healthy throughout last week's game might have made all the difference for CU.
"Yeah, Tedric has made a lot of big plays and made some really good tackles," MacIntyre said. "There were a few plays here and there in the game that I think he would have been able to make but, everybody else has got to keep stepping up and keep going and keep going from there. I think that he's a good football player for us."
Contact BuffZone.com Writer Kyle Ringo at ringok@dailycamera.com or on Twitter: @kyleringo.
Kyle Ringo
Vic Fangio fired as Broncos head coach after three losing seasons
Broncos lose to Chiefs for 13th straight time, 28-24, finishing 7-10 and last in AFC West
Avalanche rallies to top Toronto Maple Leafs 5-4 in overtime


The Lobster Roll "a.k.a. Lunch," Longtime Favorite for Lobster Rolls and Fresh Casual Seafood in Amagansett, Long Island, NY! Stop in While it's Still Summer!
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John G's Restaurant: Great Breakfast, Lunch, and Brunch in Manalapan, FL Across from the Eau Palm Beach!
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The LeTexier family portrait is finally here. I had such a fantastic time with this piece. I feel like I had a good vision from the beginning, as was able to execute it while staying true to the concept in my head. The sky was probably the craziest part of this piece, because it was off the beaten path of clean watercolor for me. Contrary to popular belief, watercolor can certainly be controlled. However, with the sky I just let the water do it's magic. Thus, I believe it created great results that contrast the cleaner watercolor approach in the rest of the piece. Hurray for intentional blooms. Blooms are what happens in watercolor when too much water is used. These spots or blooms can be rather troublesome if not wanted. In a situation like this, I welcomed them as they gave the piece a rather different feel.
These family portraits are a real treat for me to create. If you are interested in having your family, or a family you know, be put in an adventure, please contact me.


A Construction Contract is a binding Document that Spells out What the Contractor's Obligations are and What is Expected of You.
Construction loans require a good deal more paperwork than any other type of mortgage loan and a construction contract is a very important document that underwriters want to see.
It goes without saying that that you need a contract with your contractor to clearly define everyone's responsibility so that both you and the contractor are protected.
Guidelines for construction loans require a borrower to enter into a written contract with a builder/contractor. In some markets, there is no standard form and the format of the contract can vary, but certain elements must be present regardless of the format, and those elements must be acceptable to underwriting.
A Construction contract is a written agreement between the borrower and the builder for services to be provided by the builder for a stated consideration.
A clear statement of the responsibilities each party will perform.
The date of the contract, the scheduled dates for commencement and completion of construction and the date of occupancy. An event date, rather than the actual date, is sometimes acceptable.
The amount the builder is to receive for construction of the completed home, as well as under what conditions it will be received. If the property is located in a state that charges sales tax, the contract must specify whether the amount includes state sales tax.
A payment method that is compatible with the line item cost breakdown and the disbursement procedures of the investor.
Provisions for possible changes to plans or specifications by appropriate change orders.
Full identification of all parties and definition of all names used in the contract (contractor, owner, subcontractors and architect).
Signatures of the borrower and contractor.
The property's numerical street address or full legal description.
Construction Loan Center does not provide legal advice. We strongly recommend you reviewing all legal documents with your attorney.


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Japan and mass shooting chances
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga has vowed to tighten security to protect Japanese citizens both at home and abroad after a gunman killed scores at a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida. But exactly how at risk of a mass shooting is Japan?
Statistics show that Japan, known for its strict gun-control laws, is one of the safest countries in the world as far as gun violence is concerned.
According to GunPolicy.org, a website run by the University of Sydney, Japan recorded just six deaths resulting from firearms in 2014, the second-lowest among 34 OECD countries after Iceland, which recorded four.
The United States ranked worst among OECD members, with 33,599 gun deaths the same year. Mexico ranked No. 2 with 13,505 deaths.
In terms of homicides per 100,000 people, Japan was again ranked as the second-safest country with 0.4 homicides, while Iceland registered just 0.32, according to an OECD report titled How's Life? 2013.
In Japan, ordinary citizens are likely to face even lower chances of being victims of gun-related crimes.
According to the National Police Agency, Japan recorded eight cases of alleged crimes where guns were fired in 2015. All parties involved were believed to be yakuza or members of other crime groups, the agency said. Those cases left a total of one dead and three injured.
In Japan, citizens are banned from possessing, carrying, selling or buying handguns or rifles. Importing gun parts is also prohibited under the Firearm and Sword Control Law.
Only licensed hunters are allowed to own shotguns, andthe screening process is very strict.
Applicants are required to obtain a license from a local government and undergo background checks by police as well as mental and drug tests at hospitals.
The gun license must be renewed every three years, and applicants are required to again undergo the various tests.
Shotgun owners are also required to store their weapons in a specified locker at their home and report its location to police. Ammunition must be kept in a separate locked safe.
While gun-related incidents are rare in Japan, the country is no stranger to mass murder cases.
In December 2007, a man with a shotgun killed two people at a fitness club and injured six others before committing suicide in Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture.
But perhaps the most prominent mass killing was the 1995 sarin gas attack by the Aum Shinrikyo cult on Tokyo's subway system. That attack killed 13 and injured more than 6,000 passengers.
The cult, using the same deadly nerve gas, killed another seven and injured about 140 in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, in 1994.
Source – Japantimes


The Hua Hin Railway Station Master Mr. Prasong Gomug has commented on the popularity of the railway station with Chinese visitors. This follows a leading Chinese travel website rating the station as one of the Top 10 unseen Sites of Thailand. The beauty of the architecture was voted in 2015 with about 35 million votes and in 2016 with 60 million votes. These votes guarantee a place is the top 10 good attractions.
The State Railway of Thailand has a planed future improvement through the Fine Arts Department. With the attention of tourists all over the world coming to photograph the Hua Hin Railway Station sign for their memories, it is estimated that 3 million people per year come as visitors. Many locals are interested in creating booths nearby to display products and to allow tourists to download applications. This includes being able to buy products OTOP products online.


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'Robin'
Logs being prepared for export at
Ward Cove north of Ketchikan, Alaska.
Photograph by Marya Tyler
Ketchikan: Trade Barrier Resolved for Alaska Log Exports - Governor Frank H. Murkowski today congratulated Alaska's log export industry on the establishment of a new processing zone in China's Fujian Province that will accept unfumigated Alaska logs.
"This designation is positive news for Alaska's timber exporters," said Murkowski. "It is a good outcome after several years of persistent negotiation between China and the U.S. The Division of Agriculture and the timber industry spearheaded this effort and successfully kept the pressure on both sides. It was a privilege to work alongside them on this issue and now to see success." The Division of Agriculture and the state's trade office worked closely with the timber industry to resolve the log fumigation issue. - More...
Clearcuts by Sharon Fraley - Monday
New Capitol Building by Robert Fruehan - Monday
Memory refreshment by Neil Gray - Monday
Healthy Forest Concept by Michael Martin - Monday
PETA by Robert Fruehan - Monday
Today's Front Page
National: Growth in the sea comes down to a struggle for iron - Scientists know that injecting iron into some major regions of the oceans can stimulate the growth of diatoms and other phytoplankton, but something odd occurs as these tiny marine plants continue to grow. They begin to starve in the midst of plenty, acting as though iron, an essential nutrient, still is in short supply. Why this happens is unclear, but the answer could be that iron sets off a kind of chemical warfare in the marine ecosystem, according to University of Maine oceanographer Mark Wells. And diatoms may not always come out on top.
In collaboration with a large Japanese research program, Wells and a team of scientists from UMaine and other universities are studying the fate of iron in marine waters. Their findings could help determine the fate of something else, a controversial proposal to address the threat of global warming. The National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy are providing financial support.
Field work got underway in July, 2004, when Wells served as chief scientist on the Kilo Moana, a research ship that left Hawaii, bound for the sub-Arctic waters of the western Pacific. Owned by the Office of Naval Research and operated by the University of Hawaii, the ship was loaded with equipment and supplies, ready for an extended stay at sea. Its subsurface pontoon hull give it more stability in choppy seas, a benefit to Wells who normally gets seasick on these voyages. - More...
Ethan Cook & Governor Murkowski
Courtesy Office of the Governor
Thorne Bay: Thorne Bay Student Presents Gift to Governor - Alaska Governor Murkowski recently accepted a gift from Ethan Cook, a 14 year old student from Thorne Bay. Cook was invited by the White House to take part in the Presidential Inauguration as a result of his participation in the Presidential Youth Leadership Conference.
The conference organizer, LeadAmerica, forwarded Cook's name to the White House for consideration. Cook, pictured here at the Governors office, presented a poster to Governor Murkowski which he created using many of the photos he took while traveling in Washington D.C.
The governor's office provided financial support for boarding and per diem expenses while Cook was in Washington, D.C.
Cook is on track to complete all courses for high school graduation this year. He excels in math computation and is active as a volunteer in his community.
Jason Love: The Magazine Rack - At the supermarket, we face the same dilemma a thousand times: Do I get the healthy version or go for taste? Being skilled in self-deception, I go for taste. "One cheesecake won't kill me." Times a thousand. - More...
Michael Reagan: Legalized Murder Looms in Florida - Unless Florida courts or the U.S. Supreme Court reverse themselves, Michael Schiavo will be allowed to kill his wife, Terri, and do it in the most horrific way. - More...
Dick Morris: Behind The Winning Bush Road Trip - After a week of touring Western and Eastern Europe, it could not be more evident to me that the balance of power on this continent is shifting in President Bush's favor.... More...
June Allen Column
Ketchikan's 'Rotary Wheel' Still Turning; Hardworking club celebrates a century By June Allen - Ketchikan's Rotary clubs celebrated at a Centennial gala held Saturday at the Ted Ferry Civic Center to observe the century mark of the founding of the Rotary movement, as well as the 80th anniversary of the first Rotary club in all of Alaska  Ketchikan's Rotary 2000. Every Ketchikan Rotarian of the past 80 years was honored, with singular recognition extended to Judge Henry Clay Keene for his 42 years of dedicated service to the club and its goals. - Read the rest of this story by June Allen...
Wednesday - February 23, 2005
Sitka's Pioneer Home Statue; Whose face is cast in bronze?
L. Ron Hubbard's Alaska Adventure; His long winter in Ketchikan
ACS Bids for KPU Telecom: ACS a longtime presence
Betty King the Dog Lady; Ketchikan's one-woman humane society
Ketchikan, Alaska - Let There Be Light! -- Citizens Light & Power and then KPU
The State Capitol and Its Marble and keeping the capital in Juneau
A Legendary Mountain of Jade; Just one of Alaska's Arctic Wonders
John Koel, Baker to Banker; An eccentric philanthropist
Harold Gillam: A Tragic Final Flight; Ketchikan remembers the search
Ketchikan's 'Fish House Tessie'; She was proud of the nickname
Fairbanks: Golden Heart City; A story of its founding
Remembering 'Swede' Risland (1915-1991);The town's most memorable logger
Read more feature stories by June Allen...
E-mail your news tips, news releases & photos to:


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Journalism and low pay, time to end the NCE?
The perennial debate about the dire future of UK journalism was reignited a couple of weeks ago with a Sunday Times article by Ed Ceasar that was not exactly inviting.
In a stark assessment of the industry, he asked: "'Why would anyone choose to become a journalist in this climate? In the early years, at least, the hours will be weird, the money derisory, the burden Sisyphean. You will also enjoy the added anxiety of having no idea what the industry will look like in 10 years."
The industry is now, apparently, awash with media graduates who are fighting for any scraps that fall from the table (Ceasar reveals 1,200 hopefuls applied for a position on the new Sunday Times website).
In a blog post titled 'Journalism, jobs and not much changes' (that was highlighted today by Roy Greenslade), Gary Andrews took up the issue and concluded that although starting on a minuscule salary may not put off newcomers to the industry dreaming of better things, there does come a time when real life catches up and serious decisions have to be made.
Starting at the bottom and trying to claw your way up is something I have already touched on here and will not be repeating in this post.
But, getting back to that Ceasar article, one of the points made is that for a junior reporter on a local paper the starting salary "can be as low as £12,000".
Sadly, to me, that represents progress.
When I started in journalism in 2000 my annual pay was £10,500 before tax. I was lucky enough to get a job soon after that was more than 200 miles from home for a slightly bigger paper, The Sentinel in Stoke-on-Trent, and collected a whopping £12,500. At the time I was paying rent on a one-bed flat and council tax that would sometimes leave me in the red.
Why did I stick with it?
It was a job I had always wanted to do and an industry I had been trying to break into since I was at school. I was also dreaming of better things.
And so, for months afterwards, I kept my head down, worked a patch and concentrated on growing my pile of cuttings. In an 18-month period as a cub reporter on one of the larger UK regional newspapers I covered major crown court stories in three cities, the foot and mouth crisis of 2001, the fallout in community relations from 9/11, a priest who was trying to take god to an employment tribunal and a number of human interest pieces that were taken up by the nationals (for a quiet cheque).
Then, one day, my pay packet become a little bit more liveable.
Not for anything that I had written but because I had sat – and passed – my NCE certificate at the first time of asking.
For those that don't know, this is a one-day assessment organised by the National Council of Trainee Journalists that tests shorthand, interview technique and professional practice.
Once passed, the now not-so-green reporter can claim to be a 'senior' and expect a boost in pay. There are, however, a few caveats.
You can only sit the test after 18 months on the job, the assessments only take place once every six months in specific locations (for me it was in Wolverhampton) and if you don't pass any of the three exercises on the day you fail outright. And then you have to wait another six months, on very low pay, to resit.
In a mock interview, an editor of another local newspaper pretended to be a police spokesman who would eke out information on a race-related attack on a house.
I played along with this scenario with the knowledge that in the real world I had already made inroads into the Muslim community in an area that was a focal point for the BNP (and now English Defence League).
It was also with the knowledge that a few years before I had sat, and passed with distinction, an NCTJ-accredited diploma in journalism at great expense to myself. Again, that didn't matter.
The NCE was – and remains – the biggest racket in journalism. It's like a role-playing exercise that can leave you in the poorhouse for the best part of a year.
What I find staggering is that in an industry that is hampered by low-pay, large numbers of middle-class graduates and exploitation, a system as archaic as this is still accepted as an excuse to keep an experienced journalist's pay down. If we were performing brain surgery rather than death knocks then I could understand the need for professional assessments.
Fortunately, the NCTJ does not have the monopoly on journalism training as companies such as Trinity Mirror run in-house schemes but it does remain the most popular.
The average 'cub' reporter is already qualified in media law, shorthand and everything else is obtained through experience but one off-day risks placing even more financial pressure on those trying to break into what is becoming an increasingly closed shop.
In an age of blogs, DIY-publishing and the rise of multimedia, hopefully the NCE pantomime will be going the way of most local newspapers.
journalism, nce, nctj, roy greenslade, sunday times, training
2 thoughts on "Journalism and low pay, time to end the NCE?"
Miss Anne Thropic
That is a total racket and a scam, especially given how poorly paid journalists often are. The Australian Journalists Association has a grading system but given that unionism is not compulsory and is actively discouraged by certain media employers, there is more of a culture of being promoted based on what you can do rather than passing some test.
There are still plenty of old school types lurking in the Aussie media, and elsewhere I suspect, who prefer experience over university degrees etc etc and frankly it may be time to rethink the number of journalism university courses that are out there. There are clearly mnore graduates than there are jobs.
With the existing courses, it is imperative that they are very hands on, have good industry links and get their students working as journalists before they graduate. Courses should also offer extensive training in how to be an effective freelancer as this is clearly how more and more journalists will be earning their keep in the years ahead.
Amelia Rowling
I am sad to hear of this situation. I am a former (Australian) journalist and remember working for free to get my foot in the door. I remember a number of other students just giving up. In fact I only know of two others in my entire year who found permanent work. But this was 10 years ago now.
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Regent Hotel, Porto Montenegro profile
Video profiling the Regent, a luxury hotel and superyacht marina in Porto Montenegro, for Elite Living: Africa magazine.
Beast from the East vs Mavic Air
I bought a DJI Mavic Air that arrived during a heavy snowstorm in the UK called The Beast From The East. Here's some quick test footage around a London park thrown together using iMovie.
Lisbon 2018 – shot on iPhone
Walkabout in Lisbon from a couple of days in January overlaid to an amazing Fado singer we saw in Bairro Alto (audio through the phone
The return of the Lumiere exhibition to London. After filming this in 2016 on a GH4 I decided to take a more minimal approach and just use an iPhone.
Short travel video shot on the island of Corfu with the GH4. Edited on FCPX and graded on Color Finale.
Lumiere London
A video tour through the streets of London for the Lumiere festival, taking in Kings Cross, Regent Street and Westminster Abbey.


text:
County Durham brewery Sonnet 43 branches into boutique Lambton Worm inn
A £195,000 investment has added 14 boutique bedrooms to award-winning brewery tap The Lambton Worm
Inside one of the new luxury bedrooms at the Lambton Worm pub
County Durham microbrewery and leisure firm Sonnet 43 Brew House has invested £195,000 in adding a boutique inn to one of the firm's brewery taps.
Since launching in late 2012 Sonnet 43 Brew House, at Coxhoe, County Durham, has expanded to encompass three brewery taps – The Lambton Worm in Chester le Street, The White Lead at Hebburn and The Clarence Villa, Coxhoe – which serve Sonnet 43 beers as well as food and drinks.
Demand for the beer has exceeded all of founder Mark Hird's expectations and at the start of 2014 he told The Journal of plans to expand the microbrewery and brewery tap business as part of a five-year plan which will see the portfolio grow to 12 brewery taps.
Now Mr Hird has added another string to the venture, by opening boutique-style bedrooms at The Lambton Worm after months of renovation work and planning.
There are 14 ensuite rooms in total, all done in a contemporary style with imported Rococo furniture and Bluetooth stereo speaker docks.
Bedrooms also nod to the brewery element of the business and are named after a variety of hop used in brewing beer instead of numbers.
The refurbishment of the accommodation cost around £195,000 and has created five extra part and full-time jobs at the site.
There are doubles, executive doubles and family rooms available for stays from now and prices including breakfast initially start from £30 a night.
Mr Hird said: "There has always been accommodation at the pub but it had become very rundown and required a lot of work to get it back up to code."
This is the pub's second phase of re-development, following a full refurbishment to the ground floor into a Sonnet 43 pub and restaurant in early 2013.
This proved a huge success and saw the pub crowned Best Cask Beer Pub in Scotland, North East & Yorkshire in the BT Sport Great British Pub Awards 2013, as well as the Sonnet 43 chain being shortlisted as a finalist in the Best Microbrewing Pub Company category of the National Publican Awards earlier this year
Mr Hird added: "I think the bedrooms have a real wow-factor.
"The decor is very chic and contemporary and I think many people will be pleasantly surprised by the quality of bedrooms considering the modest nightly rate. We're hopeful it'll be a great accommodation offering for visitors to County Durham."
North East wildlife experts in call for new nature laws
A green paper says new legilsation will benefit people's health as well as protecting nature in the North East
Northumberland property man Hugh Fell helps launch rural recruitment venture
Tech firm Leighton celebrates getting more women into technology
Space sector conference comes to North East promising insight into multi-billion pound industry
First of its kind conference will inform SMEs about opportunities in the supply chain and how satellite technology can be used in their products
Teenager secures fourth win in a row at Durham Dry Stone Walling Competition
Review: The Worst Princess, touring until October 31


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The Animaniacs Want You!
So what are you waiting for? Yakko wants you to get a ticket to Animaniacs Live! for an afternoon with them at this very special event! There's still plenty of great seats available!
7pm show is Sold Out! Second show added due to popular demand!
April 15, 2017 | 2pm & 7pm | Tickets start at $20
[themify_button style="large purple rounded" link="http://lamiradatheatre.com/current_events/concerts/animaniacs-live/" target=newwindow]Purchase Tickets[/themify_button]
Animaniacs Live!, a mix of old-fashioned wit, slapstick, pop culture and music, fueled the animation renaissance of the late 1990s, with iconic voices, characters, an original score for every cartoon and an Emmy® Award-winning theme song. Now the hilarious '90s animated series starring the wacky Warner Brothers (and the Warner Sister, Dot) is back in live form, as voice actors Rob Paulsen, Tress MacNeille, and Jess Harnell reunite with original songwriter Randy Rogel for an unforgettable evening. The group will perform songs from the beloved show, in addition to several numbers that didn't make the cut the first time around. A delightful show for all ages!
ANIMANIACS and all related characters and elements © & ™ Warner Bros.
2022+2023 Season
Favorites – May 21, 2023
Reprise Of Our First Concert April 24, 1964 – February 19, 2023
Symphonic Sinatra with Matt Dusk – February 17, 2023
Halloween Tales – October 16, 2022
Amazon will donate 0.5% of the price of your eligible AmazonSmile purchases to La Mirada Symphony Association whenever you shop on AmazonSmile. #StartWithaSmile


BFBTester  is  great  for  doing  quick,  proactive,  security  checks of binary programs.
can red flag dangerous software.
Set debug level (default = 0, max = 2).
Comma separated list of binaries to skip.
Output to out-file rather than stdout.
Set maximum executables to run in parallel (default = 250).
file   Specific binary or a directory of binaries to test.
selection is used and the supplied absolute filename is used.
Run the single argument test on all binaries in folder /usr/bin.
Run all tests against patch and traceroute and run the tempfile monitor.
Tests bfbtester (provided it's in the same directory).


20.12.2016 – The fifth international ISO/IEC 15118 Testing Symposium concerning the e-vehicle charging interface took place in South Korea on November 10 and 11, 2016. 36 companies from 10 nations came together on the South Korean island Jeju in order to test their newest control device developments for the Combined Charging System. The CNI organized the event in close collaboration with the Korea Smart Grid Institute (KSGI), Gridwiz, the CharIn e.V. and the ISO/IEC 15118 Joint Working Group. Furthermore, the CNI was on-site with its innovative Test System to draw its further conclusions about current research in the BMWi projects eBusCS and DELTA.
07.10.2016 – The CNI team (Janis Tiemann, Fabian Eckermann and Christian Wietfeld) won first prize in the "Indoor Mobile Robot Localization" category within the framework of IPIN Indoor Localization Competition at the International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). We are very pleased with this success in our first participation in the competition! At the same time, two scientific contributions to the work created in the context of SFB 876 and CPS.HUBs / NRW were presented at the conference. The conference was held in Alcalá de Henares / Madrid / Spain.
05.07.2016 – Over the past few years, the Chair for Communication Networks has developed an international reputation for the research of new technologies for the networking of autonomous vehicles, whether on the road or in the air. In near future, research projects will once again offer the opportunity to work as a doctoral candidate or as a student in the development of future mobile radio systems of the 5th generation.
17.06.2016 – Initiated by the Institute for Communication Networks, TU Dortmund joins the OpenAirInterface Software Alliance (OSA). The OSA is a consortium of research institutions and industry partners that drives the open source development of LTE network elements towards a 5G mobile stacks. The Institute for Communication Networks is actively involved in the development of the project.
02.06.2016 – The latest edition of the international widespread IEEE Communication Magazine dedicates a "Feature Topic" on "Wireless Communications, Networking, and Positioning with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". Prof. Wietfeld co-created this "Feature Topic" as a guest editor. The strict rules of this Communication Magazines prohibit that guest editors contribute to a "Feature Topic" submit, even if the subject area of the special edition concerns the field of leading scientists.
17.05.2016 – On 17.05.2016 Niklas Goddemeier successfully defended his dissertation on "Communication and Cooperation Strategies for Aerial Robotic Systems". The entire chair heartily congratulates.
Reliable networking of robotic-systems is an important requirement for their deployment in various scenarios, for example the exploration of damage situations by rescue services. Especially the usage of unmanned aircrafts as sensor- and communication-platforms offer great potential because of their wide flexibility in disaster scenarios, in which infrastructure might be heavily damaged. The system design for communication- and cooperation strategies as well as the comprehensive performance assessment and validation presented in the thesis are using model based methods, including multi-scale-simulation trough software- and hardware-in-the-loop-concepts and experiments in the field. This paper provides an excellent contribution to the international research in this field due to innovative, scientific concepts reaching a high level of maturity.
09.05.2016 – The Possibilities of car networking as well as new digital business models formed the primary focus of the event: "CPS am Beispiel von Connected Cars "anfassbar" gemacht: Perspektiven der Car-2-X Kommunikation", that took place at the Cross-Innovation-Center of the chair for Communication Networks at TU Dortmund on the 28th of April. More than 50 participants followed an invitation of the CPS.HUB specialist group for communication networks and an interesting program awaited them on topics about Car-to-Car, Car-to-Infrastructure, Car-to-Grid and Car-to-Cloud communication.
25.04.2016 – An advanced form of the wrong-way-driver-warning-system developed as a BMWi-ZIM-project with participation of the chair, will be presented at the Hanover Fair from 25.04 – 29.04.2016.
15.04.2016 – Autonomous driving cars will shape our street scene in the future. Sensors installed in today's vehicles have already enabled an increasingly stronger automatization of traffic – even though information processing takes places manly within the vehicle. Connected Cars offer enormous potential. The connection of vehicles (Car-to-Car) and their surroundings (Car-to-X) creates new business models and contributes to road safety. We would like to discuss current and future possibilities of vehicle communication together with you and are delighted to invite you to our event.
01.03.2016 – As leading guest publisher Prof. Wietfeld takes responsibility for a special edition of the international IEEE Wireless Communication Magazines regarding the networking of future energy systems, the so called Smart Grids. Scientist from all over the world are invited, to hand in their manuscripts until 5 June 2016. These will pass through an intense reviewing process. The special edition will be released in February 2017.
29.02.2016 – On 15 February 2016, Brian Niehöfer of the CNI has successfully completed his dissertation regarding "Modellbasierte Interferenzkompensation für die satellitengestützte Ortung in urbanen Szenarien" – we congratulate cordially!
So called Cyber-Physical Systems depends on precise location information, to reliably locate participating systems. For the derivation of dynamic traffic card data, that take short-term changes like temporary road works into account, it is therefore necessary to capture automotive movement at least traffic lane accurate. The precise localization is also essential for future autonomous vehicles. Today's satellite based navigation systems do not offer the necessary accuracy, especially in inner city scenarios. Buildings disturb the visual contact to the satellite and distort the for the positioning required distance measurement to the satellite through multipath propagation. The work of Mr. Niehöfer takes care of the also known as "Urban Canyon" problem and presents a novel solution approach.


We all know that Indiana faces a road funding problem. We need to figure out how to get more money to repair and expand our network or face perpetual gridlock.
The underlying issue is governance of the road system or road utility. The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission should be given responsibility of defining a level of service on our state's highways and the authority to raise or lower gas taxes or other user fees to fund the necessary capital and operating budget.
LaHood, a former city planner and seven-term Peoria Republican congressman from the 18th District, told a group of about 100 city planners and other officials that Congress needs to pass a new transportation bill and fund it accordingly.
The 2015 Oregon Drive Less Challenge is back Oct. 5-18 and Metromile, the nation's only pay-per-mile car insurance provider, has joined the challenge as a top sponsor. The Oregon Department of Transportation and its partners, alongside Metromile, are encouraging Oregon residents and those that commute into Oregon to drive less to not only help participants get healthy, relax and save money but to also benefit the state of Oregon with better air, less traffic and reduced emissions.
CA state pilot program launched in July to charge Oregon drivers based on the amount they drive has roughly 900 participants, mostly in the Portland metropolitan area.
Officials had hoped to enroll up to 5,000 people in the pay-by-the-mile program, the first of its kind in the nation. Participants sign up with one of three private vendors, then install an electronic device that enables the company to track mileage and collect fees.
Our roads, highways, bridges and transit systems are in terrible shape in many parts of the U.S., and they're getting worse. There's a solution to this problem that would boost economic growth, productivity and competitiveness, and make life better for millions of Americans. But it requires that our politicians first be truthful about the problem.
Caltrans' "Be Work Zone Alert" campaign has received national recognition as a winner of the American Road & Transportation Builders Association's Roadway Work Zone Safety Awareness Award. Caltrans' campaign, which features the children of Caltrans employees, will serve as a national example of an innovative way an organization is bringing awareness to highway work zone safety.
Oregon's Road User Fee Task Force got an update on how the OReGO program is going Wednesday. Road Usage Charge Program Public Information Officer Michelle Godfrey says the group learned that things are running smoothly since the program to pay the state for mileage instead of gas launched on July 1.
Reston, VA — September 29, 2015 — D'Artagnan has been awarded a study of Road Usage Charge system/vendor certification for the Western Road Usage Charge Consortium (WRUCC), a voluntary group of twelve state Departments of Transportation undertaking collaborative research into topics related to road usage charging. This pool-funded, multi-state research study features two key phases of collaborative research with participating states. The first phase researches and identifies key attributes, best practices, benefits and challenges for certification in a Road Usage Charge system available to multiple states. The second phase comprises further research with participating states to develop a potential certification system structure available to multiple states, including review of certification system scenarios (open and closed models), staffing options, options for lab testing and self-certification, approaches to device certification, methods for service/process certification and certification system governance.
Study will continue evaluating a road usage charge as an alternative to the motor vehicle fuel tax.
Reston, VA — September 18, 2015. Parsons Brinkerhoff, in conjunction with D'Artagnan and Berk Consulting, have been awarded a contract with the Washington State Transportation Commission (WSTC), to continue the evaluation and assessment of a road usage charge as an alternative to the motor vehicle fuel tax to fund investments in transportation. The evaluation will be conducted under guidance from a 25-member Road Usage Charge Steering Committee, a select group of public officials, private industry representatives and transportation stakeholders appointed by the WSTC. Several tasks will be covered, including an assessment of recent road usage charge funding initiatives around the U.S. and internationally; a revised financial evaluation of road usage charging; a review and analysis of legal, operational and policy issues that must be resolved before a road usage charge system could be implemented in Washington; and design options for a future public demonstration project. The Steering Committee's recommendations will be provided in a report to the WSTC, who will consider the recommendations and forward the final report to the Governor's office and the transportation committees of the State House of Representatives and the State Senate in December 2015.
Updated 13 Sep 2015, 7:42pm.
A proposal to charge truck companies a "network charge" to use roads is still being worked through by the Federal and South Australian governments in a bid to channel cash into the road network.
Premier Jay Weatherill earlier this year offered for the state trial elements of the proposal, which if successful would be rolled out nationwide.
The national proposal is seen as a strategy to improve the country's freight transport infrastructure.
Federal Assistant Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development Jamie Briggs said the system could apply from about 2019.
Mr Briggs said the Federal and SA governments had agreed to work together on the proposal.


Fun Jumpers and Teams Welcome!
Skydive Ramblers at Toogoolawah near Brisbane is the fun jumping capital of Australia, and the Southern Hemisphere!
Founded by Australian skydiving legend Dave "Macca" McEvoy in 1974, Ramblers was designed to be a resort for Skydivers – purpose built by jumpers, for jumpers. It's a great place to learn to jump and an even better place to become part of an active community of experienced skydivers. Our Drop Zone has always been about Friends, Fun and Freefall! We are the #1 choice for sport skydiving near Brisbane!
We welcome fun jumpers and respect the important role they play in our community. Loads at Skydive Ramblers are usually full of fun jumpers and we strive to never "knee-cap" our sport skydivers.
One of the great benefits of being located in Toogoolawah and South Queensland is the fantastic weather all year round! Thanks to our inland location behind the mountain ranges, Ramblers see very little rain. There are big blue skies almost every day with mild winters and warm summers.
Our Drop Zone is easily accessible from Brisbane, but we are just far enough away to enjoy sensational views of the night sky minus the city light polution. The clear night sky and bright stars visible from the Drop Zone make it the perfect place to enjoy a night jump or two.
Be sure to check our Events Calendar to learn about upcoming training camps, night jumps, competitions, and boogies.
Ensure your APF membership and reserve pack card are current.
Skydive Ramblers at Toogoolawah is open 7 days a week, 363 days a year for your jumping convenience (closed on Christmas Day, and on New Years Day)!
The Caravan aircraft flies 7 days a week; on a normal week the average is 3 Caravan loads each day, sometimes up to 15 loads a day during organised camps. Over the weekends, the number of loads varies, usually around 12 loads each day, and up to 22 loads.
If you're planning on jumping mid-week, please give us a ring before you come so we can check the weather, find out your requirements, and make sure you get up in the air.
This new fee is to cover the increasing expenses of APF Administration demands on Manifest and other operating costs of Power, Water, Cleaning and Maintenance to name a few.
This is a daily USER PAYS fee and applies to all Fun Jumpers who jump on the day including Volunteers.
Students, Tandems and Staff are exempt.
It is not included in accommodation and rental payments.
Please pay at the counter when you REGISTER for the day.
Every weekend Ramblers appoints a local drop zone Load Organiser who is there to help people get on loads, help get them organised with other jumpers and to make sure they are catered for. If you are new on the Drop Zone, ask manifest who the load organiser is and get him or her working! Skydive Ramblers is proud to be the home DZ of a number of top Load Organisers and Coaches, many of whom are past or present National Champions, even World Champions. They are happy to work with beginner, intermediate and advanced skydivers in Star Crests, B-Rels, and Bigways (flat fly), Free Fly, Canopy Formation (CRW) and Canopy Handling.
Ramblers Freefly Load Organisers and Coaches provide organised dives, personalised coaching and advancement through the APF Freefly Table for beginner, intermediate and advanced freeflyers.
Canopy Flight Coaching is a speciality of Ramblers, boasting World Class canopy pilots from several dz CRW teams. One-on-one Canopy Handling jumps are available.
Feed your Addiction! Be rewarded by sharing skydiving with your mates.
Introduce a friend to skydiving, earn points. 2 Points = 1 Jumps.
Record your Reward with manifest when your friend books.
Present card to manifest to record points when friend jumps.
Night jumps happen around the full moon. Contact us to find out when the next night jumps are on!
Night course for first timers starts at 5pm. First load up as soon as the sun goes down, weather permitting. Licence requirement: Need C-certificate. Bring small torches, cylume glowsticks, light for helmet, illuminated altimeter minimum. Tape provided.
Come out and save on jump- & coach tickets! It's all about Fun jumping & Fooz.
** Jump & B-Rel Coach tickets are useable only on Fantastic Fridays. Refunds attract a $5 fee.
Be aware that Funtastic Friday tickets can only be purchased online, there are no over the counter sales for them!
Purchase 3+ Funtastic Friday jump tickets online before arrival!
This new fee is to cover the increasing expenses of administration demands on Manifest and other operating costs of Power, Water, Cleaning and Maintenance to name a few. This is a daily USER PAYS fee and applies to all Fun Jumpers who jump on the day including Volunteers. Students, Tandems and Staff are exempt. It is not included in accommodation and rental payments. Please pay at the counter when you REGISTER for the day, or pay online to save money & time at the counter.
Online special! PURCHASE JUMP TICKETS ONLINE with credit card.
Note: Drop Zone Price changes as from 6th April 2019. Jump Ticket & Registration (User pay) fees.
1-3 Jump Tickets	- 14,000 ft.
4-9 Jump Tickets	- 14,000 ft.
10+ Jump Tickets	- 14,000 ft.
50+ Jump Tickets	- 14,000 ft.
100+ Jump Tickets	- 14,000 ft.
Coaching Tickets with Video	- Coaching Tickets cover Coach & their slot, full brief and video debrief of jump, plus dub a copy of the jump of your video.
Funtastic Friday Jump Ticket	- Come jump on Fridays and save! EVERY FRIDAY is a funtastic Friday, except during Boogies and Special Events.


This herbal tea was just what the doctor ordered on a super hot summer day. Peppermint never fails to cool and refresh, even when served hot. It was strong but not medicinal. The guayusa was barely detectable as a light nuttiness in the background. That being said, it is rare to find a base tea that can manage to shine through a flavor powerhouse like peppermint. I'm finding that I really enjoy drinking guayusa after work, when I need a pick me up but not a jolt of caffeine that will just make me crash later. I would definitely recommend this tea.


Friant Mansory Inc is categorized under Retaining Wall Construction in Friant, CA .
The company Friant Mansory Inc provides BOTH services in the form of Retaining Wall Construction from its single location in California. 1 to 4 employees work for Friant Mansory Inc, and the business now earns $1.000.000 to $2.499.999 per annum.
Friant Mansory Inc was launched in 2004 and is classified under SIC code and category 1741 , and NAICS number and grouping 238140 . To contact Friant Mansory Inc, please call Tom Wells Full Name Report with the phone number (559) 291-9591 Full Phone Report or visit its single location at 46180 Rolling Oaks Drive in Friant, California 93626.