text:
The Making of a Landmark
by John Tauranac
St. Martin's Griffin, New York, pp. 383, 1997, $14.95
(originally printed in hardcover by Scribner, 1995)
Computer graphic by Carter B. Horsley
This is a grand book about a grand building, but it is an even better book about New York City real estate and about the art of building skyscrapers. Indeed, it is probably the best general introduction to the city's development process available.
Tauranac is also the author of "Elegant New York, The Builders and the Buildings, 1885-1915" a fine coffee-table book of major New York landmarks of that period, and "Essential New York, A Guide to the History and Architecture of Manhattan's Important Buildings," a superb pocket-guide.
His new book is the companion volume to a 1997 exhibition at the Museum of The City of New York entitled "A Dream Well Planned: The Empire State Building."
Next to the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Empire State Building is the world's most famous urban icon.
It pales somewhat in aesthetics with its contemporary rival, the smaller Chrysler Building, but its splendid isolation on the skyline has given it an unrivalled majesty in New York.
Surprisingly, the addition of its hefty communications antenna several decades after the building's completion actually improved the building's silhouette by sharpening its peak.
If one visually blocks off its observatory and spire, the tower's proportions and form remain superb. (A glimpse at 500 Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street (see The City Review article) or One Wall Street or 20 Exchange Place reveal the attractiveness of such slim towers.
Apart from the basic form, the brilliance of the design rests on its chrome-nickel steel rails, or mullions, whose reflections add dazzle to the skyline and which also reinforce the tower's verticality. Some architecture critics at the time of its construction commented that the floral design caps at the tops of the mullions were out of character, but they are minimal and such touches in no way detract from the effectiveness of the treatment.
While the Chrysler crown is a dazzling Art Deco masterpiece, the Empire State Building's enormous stainless steel eagle-win pylons bracing its observatory tower are spectacularly bold and impressive. And, not surprisingly, some contemporary critics derided the added decorative tower as extravagant! (While the Chrysler Building specially treated bricks to look like limestone for much of its tower's shaft, the Empire State Building's facade uses limestone throughout.)
Despite its added celebrity as King Kong's most famous perch, the Empire State Building opened at the wrong time, at least in terms of the developers' hopes for office leasing. It did not reach full occupancy for many years because of the Depression and despite its immediate fame as the world's tallest office building, a record it held until it was surpassed by the Sears Tower in Chicago and the World Trade Center downtown more than three decades later, it never became a prestigious address. Rockefeller Center was creating its own magnetic office enclave and in the post-World War II environment, well-to-do commuters from the more affluent northern suburbs of the city preferred the convenience of the Grand Central area, despite the proximity of the Empire State Building to Pennsylvania Station, which served commuters from New Jersey and Long Island.
To this day, major corporate tenants have generally evaded the Empire State Building, whose huge tenant roster includes mostly very small space-users.
In the 1970's, Harry B. Helmsley, who then controlled the building, introduced colored night illumination that varies depending on the season and holiday. For a while, four huge searchlights scanned the night sky from the lower observation level on the 86th floor, but were discontinued, presumably because of pressure from the Federal Aviation Authority. For many years, however, the Empire State Building was the lone pioneer in night illumination among major buildings in the city.
With the inexcusable closing of the open, multi-level observatory atop the former RCA Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza (see The City Review article), the Empire State Building's observatories are the city's best public promontories. Visitors must descend to the basement level to purchase tickets for the two observatories and then take special express elevators to the 80th floor to transfer to another elevator to the 86th floor, the level of the lower observatory. Its skylobby, therefore, antedates those at the World Trade Center by several decades.
The 86th floor observatory has open-air terraces on all sides. A bunch of suicides led to the installation of tall fencing around the terraces, which, fortunately, do not interfere with taking photographs.
A small elevator on the 86th floor takes visitors to the top, fully-enclosed observatory on the 102nd floor for no extra charge. Small steps by the windows help smallfry look out as well as help photographers get better angles through the often smudged windows. For vertigo worriers, the top observatory is mall comfortable because it is not open, although its small space might trouble those who are claustrophobic. The view is more impressive although there is unspoken psychological pressure not to linger at one window too long to enable other visitors to share the vistas.
While the higher observatory obviously enables wider panoramas of the region, it also slightly diminishes the impact of the skyline views, a function of distance.
In March, 1994, the building signed an agreement with the U.S. Justice Department to remove all barriers to its tourist attractions for disabled visitors. The agreement resolved a complaint filed with the department that the building was not in compliance with the 1992 Americans with Disabilities Act that guarantees access to public areas of buildings. In addition to changing its entrances and elevators to comply with the law, the building agreed to install ramps, renovate restrooms, cut away barriers blocking views to visitors confined to wheelchairs on the 86th floor and install periscopes, with King-Kong-shaped handles, for such visitors on the 102nd floor observatory where windows could not be lowered.
Tower is illuminated at night. Photo by Carter B. Horsley
The building's lobby is suitably tall, but surprisingly disappointing, or, as Tauranac correctly puts it, "reserved." One would not mind a little dizziness in what was for years the world's tallest building. Like the Chrysler Building (see The City Review article), its designers were very full of pride and the main decoration in the lobby is a depiction in aluminum of the tower itself, while the Chrysler Building sports a very large mural of itself on the lobby ceiling.
Empire Building at left dwarfs Metropolitan Tower at Madison Square Park whose top was under renovation in 2000 in photo by Carter B. Horsley
The lobby originally had "a discreet wind indicator that was hooked up to a rooftop anemometer [that] informed as the public of wind speed and direction at the observatory" and the indicator looked like a clock, which in fact subsequently replaced it, Tauranac points out.
The Empire State Building lobby is appropriately luxurious, but not impressive and sorely in need in some Art Deco embellishment, but then the building's architecture is relatively spartan, which is understandable given its completion during the Depression. What is historically remarkable is that this building was completed in about a year-and-a-half!
Also of historic interest is that a B-25 medium bomber crashed into its 78th and 79th floors on its north facade July 28, 1945 with no major structural damage.
"The building shuddered, realigned itself, and settled. Probably instantly, although several witnesses said there seemed to be a moment's interval, came the explosion, and the top of the fog-shrouded Empire State Building was briefly seen in a bright orange glow. High-octane airplane fuel spewed out of the ruptured tanks and sprayed the building…The heat was so intense that partition frames within offices disappeared, and the shattered glass from windows and lamp fixtures melted and fused into stalactites….One engine, part of the fuselage, and a landing gear tore through the internal office walls, through two fire walls and across a stairway, through another office wall and out of the south wall of the building, with the parts coming to a fiery rest at 10 West Thirty-Third Street in the penthouse studio/apartment of sculptor Henry Hering, who was off playing golf in Scarsdale at the time," Tauranac relates about the incident that killed 14 people and injured about 25.
The plane crash, which was not the first in Manhattan's history, was not the building's only aerial adventure. Its 1,250-ft-high original peak was designed as a mooring mast for dirigibles, a prospect that seemed exciting at the time. When the World Trade Center's communications mast went into operation, it made the Empire State Building's mighty mast that peaks at 1,454-feet obsolete. A few years after it had lost its crown as the world's tallest building in 1972, its owners told the press they were considering recapturing the title by adding more floors atop the building, but the preposterous notion, thankfully, never took hold.
Empire State Building looms over rooftop heads on Park Avenue (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
Tauranac bemoans the loss of the building's title as the world's tallest, especially to the "banal" World Trade Center:
"The Empire State's eccentric fans might not have mourned so if the title had gone to an interesting structure such as the conelike, 2,296-foot concrete tower planned for the Paris Exposition of 1937, which would have been more than a thousand feet higher than the Empire State Building and a worthy successor to the Eiffel Tower. Spiral ramps climbed the outside of the tower, the inside lane of the ramp for descending cars, the outside for ascending. Automobiles could climb to a height of 1,640 feet, where there would be a garage for five hundred cars and a restaurant for two thousand guests, as well as an inexplicable thing called a 'sun-cure station.' The structure would have been called 'Phare du Monde,' or 'Lighthouse of the World,' with a beacon, 2,300 feet high. Or the building's fans might have graciously relinquished the title to the Palace of the Soviets, upon which work was scheduled to begin in December 1938. It would have been twenty-three feet taller than the Empire State Building and topped with the world's tallest statue, a statue of Lenin that would have been three times the size of the Statue of Liberty. The patent impracticality doomed one proposal, and the coming of World War II doomed the other."
Tauranac is steeped in urban and architectural history:
"One of the ironies of skyscrapers is that because they are efficient and increase the value of the site upon which they are built, they tend to sow the seeds of their own destruction….A dramatic example took place in 1903 at Times Square. In order to make way for the coming of the twenty-seven-story Times Tower, the eight-story, steel-framed Pabst Hotel, which had only been standing since 1898, was torn down….In the 1920's, the site at 1 Wall Street was about to have its third building in as many decades….This constant tearing down and building up, this reinvention of the city every generation, was the single greatest hallmark of modern society to spring up with the coming of the Industrial Revolution. Before then, major buildings, at least, had been built for posterity, and permanence in buildings had been taken for granted."
The base of the building fully occupies its building plot, which takes up about two-thirds of the block between Fifth Avenue and the Avenue of the Americas and 34th and 33rd Streets. The main entrance is marked by a large window with cross-hatched panes that brings some natural light into the lobby and a large canopy. The top of the base of the building is surrounded with flagpoles, a welcome addition.
Empire State Building as seen from Midtown East (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
Former New York State Governor Alfred A. Smith was deeply involved with the creation of this skyscraper, which sought to glorify not only the city, but also the state. Smith was brought into the project as president of the Empire State Company by John Jacob Raskob, a major shareholder in the General Motors Corporation who had also been Smith's campaign manager in his unsuccessful Presidential race against Herbert Hoover in 1928.
The site had been a farm that was acquired in 1827 by William Backhouse Astor, whose descendants later built the Waldorf (1893) and the Astoria (1897) hotels on the site. The merged Waldorf-Astoria (see The City Review article) was demolished for the Empire State Building and the hotel moved to its present location on Park Avenue at 50th Street.
View from West 43rd Street (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
The Empire State Building remains as imposing and elegant as when it first opened although it has been surpassed in height and bulk. While it is the visual epicenter of the Manhattan skyline, it has been a loner, albeit one with great fortitude and presence.
Manhattan was a major city before the Empire State Building was built, but it is impossible to envision Manhattan without it ever since. It is the city's exclamation point, the eagle feathers in its cap!
Empire State Building from Jersey City (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
With great humor, Tauranac points out that the Empire State Building is the second so-named Manhattan Building. The first, he observes, is a 9-story structure at 640 Broadway on the southeast corner of Bleecker Street that was built in 1897 to designs by De Lemos & Cordes (who also designed Macy's at Herald Square).
The 34th Street Empire State Building was designated an official New York City landmark in 1981 on the occasion of its Golden Jubilee although it had been eligible since the creation of the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1965. Not a minor oversight.
Building's spire seen from 86th floor observatory. Photo by Carter B. Horsley
Tauranac writes with affection about the building: "It still swells the breasts of New Yorkers and makes hearts beat faster, and it still attracts more than 2 million visitors a year. The building's splendor and lift, its very being remains a magical presence, a cynosure for the city's residents, a mecca for visitors."
In 1955, the American Society of Civil Engineers selected it as one of the seven greatest engineering achievements in the history of the country, Tauranac notes, adding that the others were the Colorado River Aqueduct, the Grand Coulee Dam, the Hoover Dam, the Panama Canal, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and the sewerage disposal system of Chicago.
The building's owners commissioned a series of murals for the 34th Street lobby in 1963 that depict the seven traditional Wonders of the World and the Empire State Building, the eighth wonder, Tauranac observed.
View from Bryant Park (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
Tauranac supplies lots of impressive data: the building weighs 365,000 tons, has 10 million bricks, 27 miles elevator rails, 6,400 windows has appeared in about 80 movies and contains 37 million cubic feet.
He documents in fascinating detail the many aborted plans for great skyscrapers that preceded the Empire State Building, in his opinion, the greatest. Among them were a plan of William Fox of Fox Theaters for a 52-story tower at 47th Street and Broadway that would have a theater larger than the 6,200-seat Roxy, a 1,050-ft. high tower planned by Abraham E. Lefcourt for the northeast corner of Broadway and 49th Street, the Larkin Tower, a 110-story building for 42nd Street west of Eighth Avenue, a 150-story structure contemplated by Charles F. Noyes for a site bounded by Broadway and Church, Worth and Duane Streets, a 725-ft. high Broadway Temple in Washington Heights, and a 65-story Christian-Missionary Building between 122nd and 123rd Streets.
Tauranac devotes great attention to the builders, owners, contractors and shapers of the Empire State Building, its architects, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, the Astors who had build the very impressive Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on the site, and, of course, Raskob and Smith, the geniuses behind its development.
The author closely examines the architecture design evolution and realization of the Empire State Building:
"There had been nothing originally determined abut how the building should look except that it should resemble a pencil, nothing said about the building's style. Indeed, style was secondary….No caryatids would be straining for effect, no buttresses would be running up the corners of the tower, no oversized heads would be staring blankly into space. There would be no cornices to cast shadows, no entablatures, architraves, or other conventional ornamental devices to break the soaring lines. The design would be strictly functional, determined by the notion that the function of the object should determine its design and materials….Architect Raymond Hood, whose work [architect] Lamb greatly admired and who was a close friend, said that the demands of tenants probably more than the desire of avant-garde architects was responsible for the popularity of the modern style, of this functionalism."
View from West 42nd Street (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
"It was big; it was bold; it was beautiful," exclaims Tauranac of the overall design of the building, adding, however, that there are many subtle touches such as tapering walls at the setbacks and chamfered corners at the top and fanlike motifs terminated the great rise of windows.
Tauranac's story of the plans to moor dirigibles to the building's tower is fabulous. It was a public relations dream/pipedream and proved to be unworkable, to put it mildly. Interestingly, the top of the tower was to have both an indoor observatory and an outdoor deck (to which the dirigible passengers would descend).
In his September 26, 2010 "Streetscapes" column in The New York Times, Christopher Gray provides the following commentary on the building's dirigible history:
"THE new exhibition at the Keith de Lellis Gallery, "New York: A Bird's-Eye View," has a striking assortment of aerial views of the city. No image is more arresting than that of the Navy dirigible Los Angeles docking at the mooring post of the Empire State Building, a giant cigarlike cylinder coming nose-to-nose with the tallest building in the world.
"That the photograph is a composite, a fake, is disappointing but not surprising: no airship ever docked there, and indeed the whole mooring mast concept was a bit of a stunt itself.
"In late 1929, Alfred E. Smith, the leader of a group of investors erecting the Empire State Building, announced that they were increasing the height of the building to 1,250 feet from 1,050. Mr. Smith, a past governor of New York, denied that competition with the 1,046-foot-high Chrysler Building was a factor. "We are measuring its rise by principles of economic investment rather than spectacular standards," he told The New York Times.
"The extra 200 feet, it was announced, was to serve as a mooring mast for dirigibles so that they could dock in Midtown, rather than out in Lakehurst, N.J., the station used by the German Graf Zeppelin. Mr. Smith said that at the Empire State Building, airships like the Graf, almost 800 feet long, would "swing in the breeze and the passengers go down a gangplank"; seven minutes later they would be on the street.
"But the Germans, who dominated dirigible technology, had not asked for a docking station, and passenger traffic on dirigibles was still minuscule. The mast camouflaged the quest for boasting rights to the world's tallest building, an ambition to which it seemed indecent to admit.
"Dr. Hugo Eckener, the commander of the Graf Zeppelin and the world's expert on dirigibles, said flatly that the Empire State project was not practical. Zeppelin landings required scores of ground crewmen, retaining ropes fore and aft, and even then landings were sometimes dicey. Dr. Eckener had trained the dirigible crews for the bombing raids over London in World War I.
"The dirigible docking project was still up in the air in March 1931, when Dr. Eckener visited the tower, after which all he had to say was that the matter required further study. The Skyscraper Museum has photographs of the construction of the Empire State Building online.
"The tallest building in the world opened that May; the developers acknowledged that the apparatus for winching the airships had not yet been designed. In December the Navy airship J-4 flew from Lakehurst and hovered around the tower at the request of a newsreel company. The 30-mile-an-hour winds, described as "treacherous" by The Times, made the approach difficult.
"In mid-September another dirigible was able to jury-rig a three-minute connection to the top of the building, in 40-mile-an-hour winds. Two weeks later the Goodyear Blimp Columbia picked up a stack of Evening Journals from the newspaper's plant at 210 South Street and lowered them on a 100-foot-line to a man on the tower, who was able to cut the bundle free.
"The Columbia tried to connect again the next day, but could not. That was the last recorded attempt to make contact of any sort; in the same year NBC began broadcasting from the tower.
"In 1936 Dr. Eckener passed over the Empire State Building at night on his way to Lakehurst. In command of the new dirigible Hindenburg, he resisted Nazi efforts to take over the airship program, and by May of the following year had been replaced. That was when the Hindenburg burned and crashed in Lakehurst, effectively ending commercial passenger travel in airships.
"Donald Friedman, a structural engineer who contributed an essay to the 1998 book "Building the Empire State," edited by Carol Willis, said that strictly from a structural standpoint the notion of securing an airship to the Empire State Building, even at the very top, was a reasonable one. John Tauranac, the author of the 1995 "The Empire State Building," agrees.
"But the notion that passengers would be able to descend an airport-style ramp from a moving airship to the tip of the tallest building in the world, even in excellent conditions, beggars belief.
"The original docking level is one floor above the 102nd-floor observatory, up some steep stairs behind an unmarked door. The stairs lead to a circular room perhaps 25 feet across.
"A door leads out to the circular terrace where passengers fresh from Europe or South America — and their steamer trunks — were to have set foot on American ground.
"The terrace is perhaps two and a half feet wide, and the parapet could not be any higher than that; it's like standing on the raised lip of a Campbell's soup can, a quarter-mile up.
"And because the terrace is circular, each side disappearing left and right, there is an uncomfortable sensation of being pushed outward. Were I arriving from Germany, I would have opted for blinders before leaving the nose. But it is an intoxicating view."
The legendary tale of the building's remarkable construction page is detailed wonderfully as is the aluminum fountain in the tearoom and soda fountain, which charged an admission of $1, on the building's 86th floor that after Prohibition became the world's "highest bar." In 1934, Walter Witko and his Empire Statesmen staring playing music for dancing at night in the tearoom, Tauranac recounts.
Despite all of its hoopla, the building ran smack into the Depression and a year-and-a-half after it opened was only about 25 percent rented and Tauranac documents the travails of the "Empty State Building."
"In July, 1931, the National Broadcasting Company leased the eastern half of the eighty-fifth floor for the erection of an experimental television and sound station, whom which television images would 'jump' into space," Tauranac wrote, adding that "there would not be any regularly scheduled broadcasts until April, 1938."
By 1936, the middle of the building was still unrented, according to Tauranac: "The only sign of life in them was at night, when the building kept lights burning on the empty floors."
"The day of the superskyscraper had been declared over by 1935. Vacant office space in New York early in 1934 had reached an average of 21 percent," he continued.
Economics has always played a significant part in the building's history and Tauranac recalls that after it lost income from television transmission fees to the World Trade Center, "Robert W. Jones, an architect with the successor firm of Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, started noodling with how to make the building once again the world's tallest."
View from south (photo by Carter B. Horsley)
"He thought the solution was to tear down the dirigible mooring mast and the top six stories and replace them with a new thirty-three story structure to make the 'new' Empire State Building 113 stories high, taking it to a height of 1,494 feet - 144 feet higher than the Twin Towers and 44 feet higher than the Sears Tower. Jones created two versions of the same proposal: One had the top tapering from two sides; the other was an updated version of the original roofline for the eighty-sixth floor." The startling and absurd plan made the front-page of The New York Times, although Tauranac writes that Jones "never submitted his concept to management" and nothing came of it.
After the book's publication, the Empire State Building made headlines again when several people at the observatory were shot by an angry person, an incident Tauranac is sure to recount with his lucid, vigorous and well-researched style in future editions. The book has 53 black-and-white illustrations.
New wireless antennas on side of tower's top are unsightly and inappropriate "carbuncles"
In 2002, the top of the tower acquired some new "carbuncles" in the form of what appear to be wireless telephone relay antennas, which have also been cropping up elsewhere in less prominent locations around the city. The ungainly antennas are unsightly and inappropriate for such a great landmark's silhouette. (7/19/03)
The zoning and franchise subcommittee of the land-use committee of the City Council held a hearing August 23, 2010 on several applications by Vornado Realty Trust for zoning variances to permit it to erect an office tower nearly twice as tall as current zoning allows on the site of the Hotel Pennsylvania on Seventh Avenue between 32nd and 33rd Streets.
The 22-story hotel was designed by McKim, Mead & White to be compatible with the firm's fabled Pennsylvania Station across the avenue that was demolished in the 1960s.
Vornado's proposed tower, which is known as 15 Penn Plaza, would rise about 1,200 feet, about the height of the Empire State Building without its spire 900 feet to the east. In exchange for the major zoning changes for its projects, Vornado is offering to make about $100 million in improvements to local subway stations including a reopening of the former "Gimbel's Passageway" to the Avenue of the Americas.
Vornado, a major owner of real estate in the area, also argues that its project would provide jobs although it has not committed to going forward until it has a major tenant.
The Vornado proposal has been bitterly opposed by Anthony Malkin, president of the company that owns the Empire State Building on the grounds that it would "crowd" his building and block many views of it from the west. He took out a full-page advertisement in yesterday's edition of The New York Times in which he said his building "is THE iconic image of New York City's skyline" and that "The City Planning Commission itself has held that a certain standard must be met in exchange for great height," adding that "Less than one year ago a tower had 200 feet of height removed by the Commission because it did not belong '...in the zone of the Empire State Building's iconic spire.'"
According to an article in Architects Newspaper by Matt Chaban, Vornado released a rendering, shown at the right, that showed its proposed tower, the Empire State Building and the Hudson Yards proposal "to make the case that it is not the only project reshaping lower Midtown.
David Greenbaum, the president of Vornado, told the subcommittee that "New York as a city has to grow," the article said.
Mr. Malkin, the article continued, told the subcommittee that Vornado could achieve its goals with a shorter tower with setbacks, something in the 800- to 850-foot range.
The subcommittee members expressed considerable ambivalence about the project, wary about its size and impact on the skyline, but also noting the need to remain competitive with other financial centers around the world.
Leroy Comrie, the influential Queens councilman who chairs the Land-Use Committee, told Mr. Malkin that "You're asking us to look at many things beyond this one project." The article said that "His tone was severe, suggesting at once that such a policy was needed, but also that he was neither prepared nor even interested in formulating it at this point."
In an article in the August 24, 2010 edition of The New York Times, Charles V. Bagli wrote that Councilman Comrie "posed a final question...that seemed to foretell how he would vote: 'Is New York City a snapshot taken in 2010 to be held in perpetuity, or is New York City an evolving, dynamic entity?"
An editorial in the August 24, 2010 edition of The New York Post said "Should the New York City skyline be forever - like a bug cast in amber? Of course not"
An editorial in the Augusts 24, 2010 edition of The New York Daily News said that "since the invention of the electric elevator..., the city's silhouette has been made and remade, with buildings gaining dominance only to be overshadowed with the ascent of new attention-getters," adding "so it is today, even for the grand old marvel of the Empire State."
Rendering of 15 Penn Plaza replacement for Hotel Pennsylvania
The Land Use Committee of the City Council voted 19 to 1 August 25, 2010 to approve a plan by Vornado Realty Trust to erect a very tall office tower 900 feet west of the Empire State Building, whose owner had argued it would "ruin views of his iconic tower, and thus the city as a whole," according to an article by Matt Chaban at archpaper.com.
"In fact, the issue of the skyline barely even came up, and when it did, the council members...essentially said New York must build to remain great," the article continued.
"When Vornado showed up at Monday's hearings without a specific plan for how it would ensure a portion of the contractors on the project would be MWBEs [women- and minority-owned business enterprises]," the article noted, "the committee members were displeased. Councilwoman Letitia James asked if the company even had any sort of minority hiring practices, to which the head of the New York Office, David Greenbaum, joked that he was not sure but had had a party recently at which there were many women, and his wife asked which were employees and which were spouses and he said, with a chuckle, that it was more of the former. James was not amused."
"Vornado proffered a last minute MWBE plan before today's vote," the article said, "calling for at least 15 percent of all construction work to be done by MWBEs. Whether the project would have been torpedoed without it is hard to say, but it did little to assuage council members complaints at the same time they overwhelmingly voted for the project. James Saunders, one of the council's lions on MWBE issues, made his frustration known. 'This is a tepid response to a need, a very tepid response,' he said of the new MWBE plan. 'We can't go on like this. That we even have to have this discussion shows that there needs to be some real dialogue here.'"
Yesterday Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg came out strongly in favor of the Vornado scheme: "I don't understand that. You know, anybody that builds a building in New York City changes its skyline. We don't have to run around to every other owner and apologize. This is something that's great for this city. Competition's a wonderful thing. One guy owns a building. He'd like to have it be the only tall building. I'm sorry that's not the real world, nor should it be."
The planned tower, which is known as 15 Penn Plaza, would rise on the site of the Hotel Pennsylvania, which was designed by McKim Mead & White to be compatible with the firm's great Penn Station train terminal that was demolished in the 1960s. The hotel occupies most of the western part of the block bounded by Seventh Avenue and the Avenue of the Americas and 32nd and 33rd Streets.
The planned new tower has been designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli, which designed the Beacon Tower for Vornado.
Vornado, which has many properties in and around the train station, was seeking several zoning variances that would enable it to build almost double what the current zoning would allow for the site.
The Landmarks Preservation Commission declined to designate the handsome hotel as a landmark despite the fact that it and the Roosevelt Hotel are the last vestiges in midtown of the very large and major hotel properties that were erected to accommodate train travelers.
Anthony Malkin, an owner of the Empire State Building, campaigned against the granting of the wavers, declaring the proposed building a "monstrosity" and noting that recently the City Planning Commission had ordered 200 feet "chopped" off the top of a proposed new tower designed by Jean Nouvel adjacent to the Museum of Modern Art because it infringed on the iconic skyline solitude of the Empire State Building and it is almost a mile further away from it than 15 Penn Plaza.
In exchange for the gigantic increase in zoning for its site, Vornado plans to reopen the "Gimbel's passageway" and install subway entrances in the planned building, at an estimated cost of $100 million.
Zoning should be based on land-use principles and not monetary value and, anyway, $100 million is essentially peanuts when discussing a 1,200-foot-high office tower in midtown. The City Planning Commission was completely wrong to "decapitate" Nouvel's slanted skyscraper on the basis of its relationship with the top of the Empire State Building but why hasn't the mayor severely criticized if not fired Amanda Burden for such a preposterous rulilng.
Furthermore, the Pelli-Clarke-Pelli design of the proposed tower is horrible. It is just a giant phallic symbol to glorify the city's total dedication to money rather aesthetics. The aesthetic debate in this instance was unnecessary as the amount of zoning waivers and variances here borders beyond the obscene. Normally a transit improvement might warrant a 20 percent increase in FAR! (8/25/10)
An article September 2, 2010 by former Parks Commissioner Henry J. Stern at huffingtonpost.com noted that the chair of Community Board 5 was not amused by the August 26, 2010 vote of the City Council, 46 to 1, to approve five variances to permit Vornado Realty Trust to erect an office tower of about 1,200 feet on the site of the Hotel Pennsylvania on Seventh Avenue between 32nd and 33rd Streets.
According to Mr. Stern, the chair, Vikki Barbero, made the following "penetrating comments::
"The ULURP process has ended and the Council has made its final determination. We remain distressed and dismayed, however, by the level of discussion and debate both in the media and at the Council.
"The issue before the Council was not principally about women and minority employment, as important as this issue continues to be in all job areas. Yet, if you were present for the Council debate you would have thought it was at the heart of the matter being voted on. The issue before the Council was not about a battle between two major real estate developers, as many press reports made it out.
"The issue before the Council was not about the need to foster jobs during this bad economic climate, for even the developer admits they won't be building for years to come. Yet, a number of our political leaders used that bogus argument as an excuse to support the project.
"And the issue before the Council was certainly not about sticking it to the Empire State Building because it failed to light up for Mother Teresa....
"One development should not be permitted to set a bad precedent for the next, as we believe this one does by upzoning an entire block without a rationale and with limited resultant public benefit. A city as dense as ours, with so many competing interests, needs to thoughtfully and inclusively plan for its future and not let one wealthy and powerful developer override that process.
"That was the debate that was entirely missing this week both in most of the media and, even worse, at the City Council. We were disheartened and discouraged by its absence."
Mr. Stern, who is president of New York Civic, declared in his column that "Ms. Barbero is spot on," adding that "On this one, the CPC was clearly in the tank, abandoning its customary guardianship and attention to size, taste and design in its eagerness to approve the tower."
"We believe," he continued, "that what happened in this case is a textbook example of unsound public policy, favoritism to a particular extremely well-connected developer, and lack of regard for the future of the commercial neighborhood around Penn and Moynihan Stations.....This is a case of the city making an extraordinary gift, probably worth hundreds of millions of dollars, to one of its richest and most influential developers. It is a top-down decision, clearly made at City Hall and not by the Planning Commission, which should have been embarrassed at the tricks they had to turn."
"It is commonplace," Mr. Stern concluded, "to denounce the bungling, self-serving scoundrels of Albany, who are a continuing embarrassment to the State of New York. But what does one say for municipal decision makers when their motive is not corrupt, but uncaring reliance upon the paternal supposition that money knows best." (9/3/10)
In an October 26, 2010 article in The New York Post, Steve Cuozzo wrote that "the restored Empire State Building lobby looks little like the tacky mess it had long been, and the redesign - part of a $550 million renovation of the iconic tower -- has gotten some deserved recognition. The Municipal Art Society just blessed the new lobby with its 2010 MASterworks Best Historical Restoration Award. After taking full managerial control of the Empire State a few years ago, Tony Malkin's company restored the great interior to its 1930s Art Deco vision. Among other improvements, a dropped ceiling with fluorescent lights, installed in the 1960s, was axed and the original ceiling mural of a celestial sky was recreated according to original documents and photos. (10/26/10)
Click here or on the picture below of the book's cover to order the book at 20 percent off list price from Amazon.com
Click here or on the picture below of the cover of another fine book by John Tauranac, "Elegant New York," that can be ordered at 30 percent off list price from Amazon.com
See The City Review's recommended list of books on New York City


text:
package hercules.api

import hercules.actors.api.RoutedHttpService
import spray.routing.RouteConcatenation

/**
 * The REST API layer. It exposes the REST services, but does not provide any
 * web server interface.
 * Notice that it requires to be mixed in with ``core.CoreActors``, which provides access
 * to the top-level actors that make up the system.
 */
trait Api extends RouteConcatenation {
  this: CoreActors with Core =>

  /**
   * Create an actor that will handle all requests. The routes of the services in the CoreActors trait are concatenated.
   */
  val rootService = system.actorOf(
    RoutedHttpService.props(
      services.map { _.route }.reduceLeft { _ ~ _ }
    ),
    "hercules-api-service")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Emmett Till Research Paper
The Woman RESPONSIBLE For EMMETT TILL'S MURDER Is Found ENJOYING Old Age In MISSISSIPPI!
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Jackie Robinson Turning Points Essay - Emmett Louis Till (July 25, – August 28, ) was a year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in , after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store the brutality of his murder and the fact that his killers were acquitted drew attention to the long history of violent persecution of African Americans in the United States. "The Blood of Emmett Till is less concerned with the historical cowardice of Bryant and the white men who effectively lynched Till, and much more invested in the bravery of Emmett Till's mother, Mamie, and of the courage of the black activists who worked for voting rights and justice amidst the violent horror of life in Mississippi. Sep 04, · The Emmett Till Interpretive Center is working to secure federal protections for this marker as well as many of the others commemorating Emmett and . Miranda Rights Are More Than Just Words Essay
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Antisocial Personality Disorder In The Black Cat - Aug 26, · The murder of a year old black boy Emmett Till in Money, Mississippi in August sparked the Civil Rights movement, but the crime won't sound clarion calls for a nation to wake up to if not for the above photo. The gruesome photographs of Till's mutilated corpse circulated around the country, notably appearing in Jet magazine, which targeted. Dr. Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown is a resident of Hill Valley, 08tent-co-jp.somee.com was the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. He is the world's third time traveler (after Einstein and Marty McFly), the second to travel forwards in time (after Einstein), the first human to travel forwards in time, and the second human to travel through time (after Marty), and is the deuteragonist. Civil Rights Movement Emmett Till 2 Pages Simeon Wright, Emmet Till's cousin, once wrote "It never occurred to me that Bobo would be killed for whistling at a white woman". This quote could not be any truer for how Emmett Till faced his murder in Money, Mississippi after playing a prank on. The Importance Of Rules In Ayn Rands Anthem
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Shanika Trotter Character Analysis - The Emmett Till death situation changed a lot of lives in till this day. There has been [ ] Pages: 2 Words: Topics: Civil Rights Movement, Emmett Till, Human Rights, Identity Politics, Justice, Racism, Rosa Parks. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow 08tent-co-jp.somee.com more. Jun 06, · Natl Acad. Sci. USA , – ()This paper outlined a framework for linking species functional traits to ecosystem services, which moves the field of BES research towards more. Satire Essay About Wrestling
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Argumentative Essay On Fibroids - — The murder of Emmett Till. Two white men brutally beat and kill Till, a black Chicago teenager visiting Mississippi, after the boy allegedly flirts with a white woman. Till's mother chooses to leave her son's casket open and Jet magazine publishes a photo of Till's battered body on its cover. Northern press covers the funeral and the. Previous Next About Academics Faculty Facilities Research Activities Achievements India is transforming and repositioning herself globally in her infrastructure, industries, environment, energy and economy. Chemical engineering is one of the disciplines leading and . 9 Tom Robinson and Emmett Till – A Comparison Demonstrate the historical significance of Tom Robinson's character Pictures of Jim Crow South Video: "The Murder of Emmett Till" 10 Tom Robinson – The Zeitgeist of the Times Examine the typical attitudes and beliefs in the Jim Crow South. saul bellow seize the day
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How Does Odysseus Change - HIST 1 examines the development of western civilization, beginning with the ancient world of the Mediterranean, Europe, and Mesopotamia, and continuing through Early Modern Europe, which involves the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, and the early period of the Age of Exploration. The course is intended to introduce aspects of Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern history that has helped to. Aug 16, · The city was a battleground for voting rights, the site of Stokely Carmichael's historic "Black power" speech and a short drive from where the year-old Emmett Till was abducted before. Oct 06, · I'm sorry, this is a shrt-answer forum designed for text specific questions. LEVEL: 5th-7th. While being creative sounds exhilarating, you still need to complete the research in one of the suggested formats. Soon Jerome meets another ghost: Emmett Till, a boy from a very different time but Turning to the neurobiological roots of addiction, Dr. british tea culture
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Back to the Future: The Game is an episodic graphic adventure based on the Back to the Future film Emmett Till Research Paper. The game was developed and published by Telltale Games as part of a licensing deal with Universal Pictures. Bob Galethe co-creator, co-writer, and co-producer of Charles Sobhraj Character Analysis film hae min lee jay, assisted Telltale in writing the game's story.
Original actors Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd allowed the developers to use their likenesses in the game for the lead characters Marty McFly and Doc Brownrespectively. Emmett Till Research Paper Lloyd reprises his role as Doc, A. Locascio plays the role of Marty, while Fox later appeared to voice two cameo roles in the final episode, reprising his role as future versions of Marty What Makes America Great in addition to playing his forefather Huckleberry Finn Racism. The game is split-up into five episodes available on multiple Emmett Till Research Paper platforms, the first episode released for Microsoft Windows and OS X on December 22, PlayStation Crohns Disease Summary and iOS versions followed in February Episodes 2 through 5 were released throughout February to Junewith the final episode released on June 23, Telltale published the series as retail products for the PlayStation 3 and Wii consoles Argumentative Essay: Oregons Death With Dignity Law North America.
The ports feature updated voice work from Tom Wilsonwho played Biff Tannen in the films Biff was voiced by Kid Beyond in the original release. Back to the Emmett Till Research Paper Life After People By Andy Goldsworthy Analysis Game is a graphic adventure played from a third-person perspective.
The player controls Marty to explore the 3D environments using either the keyboard, mouse or game controller to move around. The player can have Marty examine objects, talk to Social Class In Ireland characters initiating dialog through conversation treesand perform specific actions in order to solve puzzles and progress the game. Some items can be picked up Emmett Till Research Paper stored in Marty's inventory, and then can be used later to interact with other characters or objects.
The game provides a list of current goals for the player to complete to advance DecirГ©es Baby Kate Chopin Analysis game. The player can access a hint system, revealing one clue at a time from a number of cryptic clues for Bob Fosse: Jazz Dance Midterm to solve a specific puzzle. It has been six months since Marty McFly witnessed Dr. Emmett Brown Emmett Till Research Paper into an unknown time. On May 14,while helping his father George clear out Doc's possessions, Marty is shocked to see a DeLorean time machine later revealed to be a temporal duplicate created by avi advantages and disadvantages lightning how to become a physiatrist in the second film appear Subculture Essay the house, having previously witnessed its destruction.
Inside is Einstein, Doc's dog, and a tape recorder Compare And Contrast Claudius And Macbeth a message from Doc explaining how the DeLorean would return to this present should Doc fall on hard times. Einstein helps track down Edna Strickland, the elderly sister of Marty's school disciplinarian and a former reporter for Emmett Till Research Paper Valley's paper. Reading her newspaper collection, Marty learns that Doc, who was disguised under the alias " Carl Sagan " to hide his true identity, was arrested in Emmett Till Research Paper killed by Irving "Kid" Emmett Till Research Paper, Biff Tannen 's father. Marty recalibrates the DeLorean to take him to just before Doc's murder.
Marty arrives on June 13,and learns that Doc was accused of arson upon Kid's illegal speakeasy and thus needs to break out of jail. Doc tells Marty to seek the aid of his younger self, Emmett, who at this point in time assists his father, who staunchly resents Emmett Till Research Paper dream of a Emmett Till Research Paper in scienceat the courthouse. While convincing Emmett to help, Marty delivers a subpoena to Artie, who serves as Kid's accountant, persuading him to testify against Kid and help prove Doc's innocence. Believing all has Piagets Theory Of Morality Analysis fixed, Doc and Marty prepare to return to the present when Marty starts to fade away.
Doc discovers Artie would be killed the next day for testifying, thus erasing Marty's existence. Travelling back in time, they convince Artie to lay low after testifying while avoiding their past selves. Returning to May 15,they realize that their actions in the past have prevented the arrest of Kid Tannen, allowing him to expand his criminal operations. As a result of this, the Tannen family became the fifth-most-dangerous crime family in Californiaowning limitation of the study of Hill Valley.
Marty and Doc travel to August 25,the day Kid was supposed to be arrested. The duo find another option: they convince Trixie Trotter, Kid's moll who has a soft-spot for Artie, to testify instead. The cop Danny Parker who was meant to arrest Kid has been demoted because of Marty and Doc's tampering, causing his girlfriend Betty Jennifer's grandmother to dump him and he now works for Kid to earn some extra money. After Marty restores his confidence, Parker Emmett Till Research Paper to turn Emmett Till Research Paper Kid to win back Betty. Kid and his gang are jailed, and all appears to be in-order. Doc Yosemite Valley: El Capitan And Bridal Viel that this is also the night that motivated him to finish his rocket car experiment for the Hill Valley Science Expo.
He went to see Frankenstein when he was stressed and was inspired, even keeping the ticket stub until Marty Allusions In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Doc return to the future unaware that their actions have caused Edna Emmett Till Research Paper fall in love with Emmett, and their relationship causes Emmett to give up on his scientific inventions. The ticket stub starts to fade out of existence as Doc realizes that Edna stopped him from Emmett Till Research Paper the film.
When they return to again, Emmett Till Research Paper and Einstein disappears, and Marty discovers that Hill Valley is now a Tea Act Of 1773: The Tea Trade In America walled society, run by "Citizen Brown". Sneaking inside, Marty learns that Edna has brainwashed Emmett and used Lou Gehrigs Farewell Speech intelligence to craft a perfect society in her eyes.
Marty gets close to Citizen Brown and shows him a notebook he recovered from with the first drawing of Doc's flux capacitor. Citizen Brown is flooded with memories and decides to turn against Edna to fix history. He helps Marty repair the DeLorean and the two travel back to to try To Kill A Mockingbird Critical Analysis undo their previous mistakes.
However, the damage causes the Ethical Issues Of A Defense Attorney Essay to arrive in October instead of August, when the Science Expo is about to begin and Edna and Emmett's relationship has strengthened. Marty is ready to take whatever steps are needed to end Compare And Contrast Damon And Pythias, but Citizen Brown becomes worried about what will happen to Edna and angry that Marty does not care about her feelings, and drives off alone in the DeLorean to Emmett Till Research Paper the situation.
Marty, with help from Trixie, ends Edna and Ethical Principles In The Film Miss Evers Boys relationship, but Emmett still is reluctant to return to his scientific roots. Marty tries to force Emmett to see Frankenstein to help him, leading to an argument about Analysis Of Genie: A Scientific Tragedy inability to assert himself. A lightning storm erupts causing Emmett to realize that rockets cannot make the car fly. This memory acts as a replacement for Emmett seeing the creature electrocuted in the film as in the original timeline.
The answer is static electricity and Marty helps Emmett convert his rocket car to a new propulsion system in time for macbeth battle scene Science Expo. Meanwhile, Edna is picked up by Emmett Till Research Paper Brown, and when she explains what Marty has done, Brown decides to help her thwart Marty's plan.
During Equality And Valuing Of Diversity, he happens to learn that Edna was responsible for the arson of Kid's speakeasy. During the Expo, Emmett successfully demonstrates his flying car, just as Judge Brown arrives. Marty helps Emmett End-Of-Shift Report In Nursing stand up for his choices.
Judge Brown and his Equality And Valuing Of Diversity settle their differences, with Emmett's father now Emmett Till Research Paper his son's scientific views. Edna is incensed as her plan has been foiled, and when Citizen Brown refuses to help her further, she runs him Emmett Till Research Paper with the DeLorean and inadvertently activates the time machine. Marty Soccer Leadership Qualities Emmett a sealed note with Emmett Till Research Paper to be opened in the future.
Shortly after, a second DeLorean appears with Doc at Halloween And Cosplay Comparison Essay wheel, having been summoned from by the note. Emmett Till Research Paper they talk Emmett Till Research Paper events, the town of Hill Valley disappears around them. They find, from Marty's great-grandfather William "Willie" McFly, that the town burned down shortly Industrial Revolution Family Analysis its founding in with Mary "Scary Mary" Pickford in fact Edna Strickland Emmett Till Research Paper only remaining inhabitant.
Travelling to July 17,Marty and Doc discover a crazed Edna has travelled there and attempted to burn down the saloon run by Beauregard Tannen, inadvertently taking the rest of Hill Valley with it. They stop Edna before she can commit the act while simultaneously saving her from Tannen's shotgun, returning her and the first DeLorean Emmett Till Research Paper the restored Hill I Want To Be A Cardiologist Essay of Edna is quickly Persuasive Speech On Bullfighting, having previously been recorded confessing to arson against Kid's speakeasy.
The alternate DeLorean then disappears, having been erased from history. As Marty and Doc are preparing to return, Marty spots Artie and Trixie, having fallen in love with each other, and worries about his future since Artie was to be wed to his grandmother Sylvia. Doc and Marty return to and discover that in this new post-time-travel timeline, there was no estate sale because Doc's reconciliation with Paul Dunbars Poem By Tera Hunter father allowed the Browns to stay part-time in Hill Valley. They find that Edna and Kid had fallen in love while in jail, and afterwards married and both became much happier and friendlier since.
Doc reveals his previous absence to Marty; he had been Comparing Ode To The West Wind And Byrons Pilgrimage a history of the McFly family to present to Marty as a graduation gift half-caste poem found Did Martin Luther Kings Ethos In I Have A Dream Speech on his grandmother challenging to come across as she was working under the name Trixie and thus had travelled to to attempt to obtain research first-hand.
Suddenly, three separate DeLoreans appear, each with a different future version of Marty driving them. They approach Marty and Doc and insist they come to help assure that their Compare And Contrast Claudius And Macbeth futures Emmett Till Research Paper as they are supposed to. Doc and his Marty leave the Marties arguing with each Concussions In Youth Soccer, saying the Emmett Till Research Paper can wait until after they have enjoyed the present for a while; they then Emmett Till Research Paper to an unknown time.
Back to the Future: The Game was announced by developer Telltale Games in early Juneas part of a licensing deal to create video games based on Universal Pictures ' Back to the Future and Jurassic Park film series. The development team sought input from fans on various scenarios by means Importance Of Confession In The Criminal Justice System an online survey [13] and brought in trilogy co-creator, co-writer and co-producer Bob Gale as story consultant.
In Septemberthe team revealed the first piece of concept art for the protagonists, created by artist Ryan Jones and based on actors Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloydwho allowed their likenesses to be used for the in-game characters. As Emmett Till Research Paper J. Fox was unavailable to reprise his role as Marty for the game, newcomer A. Locascio voiced the character instead, [22] though Fox later provided voice work for Marty's great grandfather William in the fifth and final episode of the game, as well as for the three futuristic versions of Marty who appear in the game's Emmett Till Research Paper cutscene.
The song Back in Time by Huey Lewis and the NewsNeurofibromatosis Informative Speech was written for the first film, appears in the game. To promote the title, Telltale brought a replica of Emmett Till Research Paper DeLorean time machine as part of their booth display at the Penny Arcade Expo which occurred shortly after the game's announcement. A voucher for a free copy of the Social Class In Ireland episode of the series was included in the 25th Emmett Till Research Paper Blu-ray release of Theme Of Individualism In Anthem By Ayn Rand Back to the Future trilogy on October 26, Fox Foundation for Emmett Till Research Paper Research for each pre-order.
A full retail version consisting of all five episodes for PC was released Emmett Till Research Paper September 29,and on PlayStation 3 Giacomo Rizzolattis Mirrors In The Mind Wii on October 25,across North America; [4] EU versions for all three platforms were released the following year. DecirГ©es Baby Kate Chopin Analysis game was delisted from all digital storefronts by the end Salem Witch Trials Vs The Cruciblefollowing Dwight Schrute Character Analysis closure of Telltale Games.
Back to the Emmett Till Research Paper The Game received generally positive reviews. The first episode, "It's About Time", was praised by several reviewers as an effective start to the series. IGN 's Greg Miller gave the episode a score of 8. Instead, it pushes the characters in Narrative Essay On Meningitis directions and whips Child Labor In Child Education a good story. The review added that "The entertaining story that follows is enhanced by believable character Emmett Till Research Paper, imbuing the adventure with a great sense of authenticity.
Ideology Of Femininity review concluded, "Fans will delight in the more nostalgic and clever moments of "It's About Time", but it's a short, easy and somewhat bland introduction to the series, which we hope still has time to get a lot Carlos Family Structure. Locascio's impersonation of Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly. Most reviewers were critical of the episode's puzzles as being too simplistic and easy. The game reached number 3 in the PS3 sales charts. It was released over five issues from May to September

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
New Glasgow-London Southend route in the bag
Flybe franchise partner Stobart Air's new service is a gift for serious shoppers, business passengers and leisure travellers.
Flybe franchise partner Stobart Air has today (Tuesday, October 31) launched a new daily service between Glasgow and London Southend airports.
The service will now operate up to nine flights per week during the winter season using a 118-seat Embraer aircraft, with double daily flights on Mondays and Fridays. During the summer months from May the service will operate 12 flights per week with a double daily service Monday to Friday and one rotation at weekends.
Paul White, Glasgow Airport's business development manager, said: "London is easily the most popular destination for our passengers, so the introduction of this new route by Flybe franchise partner Stobart Air is welcome news.
"As well as being a popular route with both business and leisure travellers, London is the UK's top shopping destination. Glasgow is the most popular city for shoppers outside of London, so we expect this route to be very popular for short breaks in both directions for those looking to enjoy a bit of retail therapy while taking in the sights.
"We're really pleased to also establish our first link with London Southend Airport. The introduction of the new service means that our passengers now have access to more than 32 flights per day to six airports based in and around London."
Glyn Jones, CEO Stobart Aviation, owner of London Southend Airport, said: "The Glasgow route launch is an exciting addition to our current destination offering.
"We are passionate about offering passengers the best way to travel and improving domestic connections is key on our agenda. With London only being 45 minutes from London Southend Airport, it is an incredibly easy trip to make."


text:
Review Post: In The Mix by Jacquelyn Ayres
Posted in Books I love, Releasing Now Book Addicts, Review Post	by mkcooke
Book: In The Mix
Author: Jacquelyn Ayres
Genre: Erotic/Romance/Humor
Goodreads Book Link
*** This book contains the GEGs! For those of you who don't understand that warning: GEGs= strong language. gut-busting LOL moments caused by best friends who check their maturity at the door when they're together, and impromptu Kegel exercises. This book does not come with batteries. Though it can be read as a standalone, I highly recommend reading the series in order since all books will have a continuation of EVERYONE'S story. Enjoy! ***
CiCi O'Brien has a weapon of mass destruction—her mouth. It's always loaded and ready to strike, whether the situation calls for laughter or a professional smartass. It's been her strongest defense against unwanted feelings over the past fifteen years. If she acts like she doesn't care, then she won't, right?
Yeah . . . keep telling yourself that, Ceese!
Luckily for CiCi, she's surrounded by friends and family who can easily see through her façade. They (and the furballs she takes care of at work) are who enrich her life, have been the ones she's needed. That is, until the day her life changed—when she grabbed it by the balls.
No, seriously . . . she grabbed him by the balls. Not kidding.
Kyle Cooper has it all. He's smart, handsome, and a ninja (not really, but that's what Mitch likes to call him). As vice president of Colton Technologies, he travels around the world with Mitch, bringing companies the latest innovations in automobile technology. At home, he's a force to be reckoned with, always hanging out with his parents and sister or . . . working.
Kyle Cooper does not have it all, and he's ready for a change. He just isn't sure where to begin. That is, until CiCi O'Brien walks into his office and grabs this bull by the . . . horns (wink), which causes a spark to ignite in both of them. Kyle embraces it. CiCi does everything, short of calling the fire department, to put it out. Who will prevail? And what will that win truly mean?
***** 5 HUGE Laugh Out Loud Stars *****
Jacquelyn Ayres knows how to win my heart over times ten when she writes a book.
How's that you ask? Well with gut busting, heart melting, and laugh out loud humor that could make even the toughest person crack a smile. My cheeks hurt from how much I smiled and cracked up reading In The Mix, and the first book in her GEG Series, Under Contract.
But it wasn't just the humor that won me over repeatedly in this book, it was so much more.
It was the characters she created that never failed to bring one hell of a smile to my face with their truly dynamic and layered selves. It was the story itself that hooked me in from beginning to end with all the very real ups and downs and pushes and pulls it gave me. It was all the varied and well written feeling and emotion that this story and characters made me feel for them while reading this phenomenal book.
It was all that and more that made In The Mix a magnificent 5 star read for me. This book brought a serious smile to my face, but through all those smiles, Kyle and CiCi's charming and fierce selves adhered themselves to my heart. Permanently.
What was utterly fantastic about In The Mix:
The laugh out loud hysterical moments. This is what I've loved about this series, and especially In The Mix. These moments made me laugh, crack up, smile and smirk like all get out. I never knew what these crazy fun characters would say and do next, and their hysterical vibrancy just shined through in spades. I couldn't go a page or two without laughing, and having that level of humor along with the rest of the outstanding story just made my heart so happy. It just added a whole new level of fun and light to reading this book, making this one of the most fun books I've EVER read. (Right behind Under Contract of course.)
Kyle's determined self. The one thing guaranteed to win me over from a male character is if they never give up fighting for what they want, and Kyle fits that bill. He never waivers in his determination to get CiCi, and his fight for what they could have with one another. He saw through all the bs and just kept pushing through because he knew what they could have together was worth it. That level of fight, determination, and trust just won me over repeatedly, and it showed me how much of a gem he really was. It also illuminated so much about him, and just how much of a good freaking guy he was. Plus all that determination combined with the rest of his charm made me practically want to swoon over him.
CiCi and all her fantastic layers. I don't know if I have the right amount of words to describe how much I LOVED CiCi. There is so much more to her than meets the eye. She is fun, feisty, and spunky as all get out, and I don't think I ever could've imagine what comes out of that girl's mouth. I loved her, felt for her, cared like crazy for her, and I just believed in every layer of her. Cici is so dynamic with so many well-crafted layers that I highly enjoyed diving into. There's the layers of CiCi that are fun, light, and carefree, and then there are the layers that show her vulnerability, her true feelings, and the depth of her emotion. The extraordinary combination of those layers just had my heart pulling for her, and I have utterly no doubt that I absolutely effing adore me some CiCi.
The fireworks. There is nothing short of fireworks between Kyle and CiCi. Those two have such a strong chemistry and pull towards one another that you're going to feel those fireworks in your bones. Their connection and relationship is just waiting to explode and is combusting at the seams, but that's what makes it what it is, and I guarantee it'll bring a certain heat to your cheeks. All those fireworks will just ignite your love for these characters, and it'll make you want to fight for those fireworks right along with them because you know how truly powerful they are when they're together. And yeah they may be explosive as all get out, but boy are they something beautiful.
The GEG's. These gaggle of green eyed ladies are some beyond fabulous females. They are each lovable and fun in their very own way. Each one of the GEG's has their own story to tell, and I LOVED getting more pieces to each their vivacious puzzles, though I am still dying for more on all of them! CiCi, Charlotte, Julie, Maddie, and Ava just won me over once again, and their friendship and love for one another soared off the page in such an exceptional way from Jacquelyn Ayres writing. I felt their friendship in such a real way, and reading that just made me downright happy. There also wasn't an instant that these ladies were together that they didn't have me laughing and fighting the urge to pee my pants (Seriously!), but through all of that I was just enveloped in the love the characters had for one another. The female friendship dynamic in this book and series is just out of this world phenomenal.
The authenticity. I can't stress enough how real everything in this book felt to me. I wasn't just reading this book, I was experiencing it. I was feeling it with my heart, and my laughter, and my love. The characters, the story itself, and the events just came across in such a real way, and that truly invested me into every part of this book. That authenticity and realness also just bursts out from the characters. The events and moments that transpire with the characters also just make so much sense because of that authenticity. Nothing was forced, and it all felt so easy to understand. That realness and authenticity just made this book come alive for me as I read it, and it took my reading experience to a new level that just left me in awe.
The past and how it comes to be. CiCi is fighting what is happening and developing between her and Kyle because of the events that happened in her past. These events come to light in such magnificent ways, and not only helped me understand CiCi, but also helped me understand why certain choices and actions were made. It was very easy to see how things got from point A to point B to point C, and all that past just had my heart hurting for CiCi and what she went through. Reading her attempt to move on and accept that past just blew me away with how emotional and heart tugging it was, and it had me dying to reach in and heal CiCi because of it all. I also couldn't help but love how much Kyle wanted CiCi's past because he knew if he could get that past, he could also get her future. Total heart melting moment.
The push. There is a ton of pushing in this book. CiCi pushes her firecracker self out there for the world to see. The GEG's push each other to be honest and open and to be their true crazy selves. But most of all, Kyle continues to push CiCi to admit what she's feeling for him and to embrace what they could have together if she only tears down those walls around her heart. The way that he pushes her with their relationship is fantastic, and the pushback she gives him makes him truly think and consider what it is that he wants. That pushing brings them both to places they're fighting like hell to get to. Even in those moments where they're pushing so hard and it hurts like a mother, that push is exactly what Kyle and CiCi need, and what you need for that matter.
All the connections. This is the second book in this series, and I loved how it connected with the first book, Under Contract. It gave new events to characters I've already come to love, and getting to know more about them along with CiCi and Kyle was wonderful and so very telling. The connections between these books exemplified all that was fantastic about them both, and just made me more and more eager for the rest of the series. Jacquelyn Ayres has connected me to all of the characters and their stories in such a way that I am practically dying to see where this all goes next.
The title. This is a very specific detail to pick out, but it's an aspect that really was so meaningful. It was one of the aspects I loved most because the way this title connects into the story had me fighting tears. (Good tears, I promise!) I'm not going to tell you what it means, or where you find that out, or how it even comes to be, but when you read the words of how this title comes into play you'll be nothing short of blown away. It's a phenomenally powerful moment that made my heart melt, tears come to my eyes, and just took my breath away with its beauty and meaning. (It was by far one of my favorite moments in the book!)
In The Mix was another beyond amazing addition the GEG Series by Jacquelyn Ayres. This book had me in fits of laughter, loving these characters with my entire heart, and feeling this story with everything I had. I honestly cannot say enough good things about this book, this series, and this author's amazing writing.
In the Mix is a fun read, with plenty of moments that will bring a smile to your face or flush to your cheeks, but underneath all of that awesomeness lies a beautifully emotional story and two fierce characters fighting for their chance at having something spectacular.
Kyle and CiCi are going to win you over in an instant, and even in those moments when they make you want to bang your head against the wall because they're being so stubborn, you will simply adore them. They're going to make you work with everything that you have to get to that ending and place you seek to find them in, but through it all they will just warm your heart and bring one helluva huge smile to your face.
This is a 5 star read at its core, and it deserves to be devoured by you this very instant. The GEG's and Kyle and CiCi won't let you down one little bit, I can promise you that.
I am a domestic engineer (born and raised in NJ) whose sole responsibility is to guide three young, impressionable kids into becoming phenomenal adults. This challenging yet rewarding work requires a lot of love (coffee), patience (wine), and determination (periodic exorcisms). I work this magic from the beautiful state of New Hampshire.
Before becoming a domestic goddess (not really), I spent over a decade in the medical field, where I wore more hats than the Queen.
I have loved the written word and the great escape it provides since I was a little girl. When I wasn't reading about people and the places they lived, I was creating my own characters and adventures.
Finding myself again through my writing in The Lost & Found Series, The One, and The GEG Series has been nothing short of a dream come true. Also, it makes people feel better when I laugh randomly or talk to myself, knowing it's my characters and not "the voices" . . . that would be creepy.
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Review Post: Justified by Aurora Rose Reynolds »


Product code: CVJ072 Category: Vintage Rings Recently Sold.
Tags: diamond, ruby, yellow gold.
This lovely ring consists of a single central round Ruby, set between two Diamonds in Platinum twist setting. This really is a pretty ring!
Diamonds are well matched and have been tested.
Lovely pre-owned condition – overall quite clean. Setting and stones all appear in very good order.
Head Measures: approx 10mm width Weight: 2.0g Hallmarked: 18ct & Plat Circa: Late Edwardian early 1920's.


Yes, there is a diagnosis titled avoidance Personality Disorder. This type of personality will often avoid public, since they fear that the people will reject them, disappoint them, humiliate them, or view them as a complete failure. They often are reluctant to ask for help, ask questions, or speak in public. They also work below their abilities since promotions are often frightening for them.
Most times, they suffer inferiority complexes, and suffer severe episodes of loneliness, depression, anxiety attacks, and so forth. Schizoid personality types are similar, in the sense, they will avoid public, and however avoidance personality types do not have a need to socialize.
We are discussing this disorder simply because I have to question the idea of this disorder in the first place. After studying an individual with multiple personality disorder (MPD), and noticing that the individual displayed avoidance behaviors in certain areas of the persons personality, I noticed that the person was not frightened of social, rather abused and neglect by the father and by the system.
The person was raised by a paranoid schizophrenia that taught her or punished her when she would go in the public, or else visit another home. When the person was able to befriend others the father, moving to another area, instantly swept her away. The young woman was different in the sense she had multiple personalities, so it was easier to fix the problem by integrating the personality that suffered the symptoms of avoidance.
After Integration I noticed a tremendous change, in that the person enjoyed being around people to a degree. However, this woman was intelligent and wise to the system that she set boundaries in social engagements. This is only one individual with over 70 personalities, so it made me wonder if avoidance personality disorder was proper in some cases. I have to reason that people with avoidance personality types may have a foundation that is not explored to the degree that it should be explored. The system alone and how others treat others sometimes is enough to make anyone want to avoid public.
It is important to examine all aspects of the symptoms before coming to the conclusion that the person has avoidance personality disorder. Most all (rather all) individuals with a mental disorder or illness has an underlying root which in all cases is FEAR. Once an expert works through those fears dealing with one at a time moving onto the next fear, then mental illnesses is only a state of mind. It is possible to treat mentally ill, disorders with therapy alone, and is more effective if the techniques used are appropriate to the diagnose and worked properly. Not everyone with a mental illness needs medications.
Paranoid schizophrenic, Bipolar, and a few other disorders or mental illnesses in my experience needed medication. Paranoid schizophrenia definitely should be medicated. If you do not medicate a Paranoid Schizophrenic, you are only asking for trouble. These types will kill out of their own state of mind, simply because they believe someone is trying to hurt them, when in reality they are not. Not all schizophrenic kill, but there are known cases, including the Oklahoma Bomber that has killed. avoidance personality disorders are easy to undo without medications, simply because the root of their symptoms is fear.
We can start therapeutic treatment by working with the deepest fear the person displays. Talk therapy, role-play, and a few other therapeutic strategies could do wonders for people with avoidance personality disorders. It is important to listen to these types, since the problem lies beneath the voices that speak. When a person is telling you that he or she has a problem with socialization, we know that underneath those words is a fear that was cultivated by an incident/accident at childhood.
We know that this person had endured some underdevelopment and lacks education and knowledge of the so-called normal ways. This person if taught or re-learned the rules and regulations of society can in time socialize without problems. If we work through the problems without burying them with medications, we are most likely going to have fewer problems.


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» Riding the right wind
Riding the right wind
November 30, 2006 4 Minutes
Bajaj Auto is confident that through an innovative R&D department and Japanese management methods, it will regain its position as the No. 1 two-wheeler company in India.
Bajaj Auto wasonce India's undisputed scooter giant, with people queuing to buy its bikes. In the late 1990s, however, the market changed, and customers began choosing motorcycles over scooters. Bajaj Auto felt the pinch.
NH Hingorani, Bajaj Auto's vice-president of commercial operations, says that this shift forced the company to take a hard look at the market and move its focus from scooters to motorcycles. Now, he says, the company has the No. 1 position within sight again, and he is happy with the progress it is making. "We have a top slot in both the premium and entry segments," he says.
The company's motorcycle production is growing at a rate of 35 percent per year, more than twice the industry growth rate, Hingorani says, taking Bajaj Auto's motorcycle market share to approximately 33 percent in February 2006 – an all-time high for the company.
But, says Hingorani, reinventing itself as a motorcycle manufacturer was tough. In 1996 motorcycles made up only 10 percent of Bajaj Auto's business. To compete, the company developed a new, more fuel-efficient line of motorcycles.
Meanwhile, it pruned its suppliers from 800 to today's 200. "We wanted to retain only quality-conscious suppliers who could contribute to a faster development of new products," Hingorani says. Fewer suppliers meant the company could consolidate its purchases.
In addition, the company built a new plant in Chakan, in western India. It was the realization of a vision that Managing Director Rajiv Bajaj had of a world-class manufacturing plant that could produce vehicles of the highest quality. The Chakan plant was launched in 1999.
At the same time, Bajaj Auto introduced the Japanese practice of total productive maintenance, TPM, at all their plants. TPM is a manufacturing-led initiative that emphasizes the importance of people, a "can-do" and "continuous-improvement" philosophy and the importance of production and mainten-ance staff working together. In addition to its plants, the company extended implementation of TPM to 30 core vendors.
Sandesh M Tamhane,senior manager of the Chakan plant, explains the new work culture: "From the first day, we hired only 'fresh' people, not 'experienced' people," he says. "Now 70 percent of the staff of 950 people are diploma engineers – people who can continually contribute to improvement activities. We don't want to have to supervise; we want the workforce to be very lean on every front."
In 2002 Bajaj Auto's research and development department came up with a design for a new bike, the Pulsar motorbike. In earlier products Bajaj Auto had collaborated with Kawasaki, but this time the design and production were accomplished internally. Pulsar sales have made Bajaj Auto the leader in the premium segment for the past four years.
The company's R&D has also worked on DTS-i technology, which involves using twin spark plugs and a digital ignition that together increase engine
"This technology has not been applied in motor-cycles anywhere else in the world," Hingorani says. "It gives our customers better fuel efficiency and a comfortable drive."
Bajaj Auto has learned to react quickly to market changes. Now each model is updated twice a year, and plans are in progress for heavier bikes.
"It's an integrated corporate strategy, starting with putting products on the market that the customer wants," says General Manager Arvind Gupta. "We are focusing on customers' needs and are continually improving our products."
SKF keeps pace with Bajaj Auto
In 2005, Bajaj Auto awarded SKF preferred-supplier status. SKF will provide the majority of deep groove ball bearings required for Bajaj Auto's new products.
"Consistency of quality is the most important factor," N H Hingorani, Bajaj Auto's vice-president of commercial operations, says. "We were never tempted by cheap bearing offers."
SKF keeps pace with Bajaj Auto's new product launches and product upgrades and works with the company's research and development department even during the concept stage of a new product. The bearings SKF supplies are often customized for specific vehicles. SKF supplies its bearings as needed, sometimes making multiple deliveries during a single shift to keep the inventory low at Bajaj Auto.
SKF also supplies lubrication units and services spindles for machine tools.
BearingsCarsDesignLubrication SolutionsMachine ToolsTransportation & logistics
Transition from hydrodynamic to rolling bearings wins benefits
SKF solutions and engineering capabilities enable the transition from hydrodynamic fluid film bearings to more efficient rolling bearing systems.
Bearings,Sustainability,


Discover our gem at the foot of the Kaiserstuhl hill range.
been offering a welcome place for guests to rest.
Centrally-located, directly at the gate to the historical, picturesque Endingen old town, our bed & breakfast hotel offers the ideal starting point to explore the town and all it's sights by foot. In addition to the many sights you will also find numerous pubs and restaurants offering a wide range of culinary delights just at our door.
The indescribable flair of this historical town will fascinate you. Admire the art and history, experience the culture and discover romantic corners! However, Endingen is not just a lively small town. It also lies in a superb location, in one of the warmest regions in Germany and is only a stone's throw away from Alsace and Switzerland.
Endingen is a paradise for wine lovers: one of the most famous wine-growing regions in Germany, the Kaiserstuhl, begins just outside the town. Regardless of whether you would like to experience and enjoy the friendly wine area or organise an active holiday with walking and cycle tours: take advantage of the unlimited excursion destinations.
We will gladly advise you and look forward to you visiting us!


Learn more about the various boards that help guide CompTIA's mission.
The Policy Executive Board (PXB) is composed of senior leaders from CompTIA's corporate members and enterprise associates who oversee and coordinate CompTIA's policy committees. The mission of the PXB will be to ensure all policy committees are aware of policy positions and initiatives, seek consensus for those positions, and provide guidance on the growth and direction of CompTIA advocacy activities.
Learn more about the board.
The CompTIA Cybersecurity Advisory Board (CCAB) addresses many of the most pressing cybersecurity concerns facing business and government. The CCAB consists of cybersecurity professionals from a variety of disciplines to ensure well-rounded discussions and outcomes. The board works to identify opportunities for CompTIA to develop cybersecurity initiatives that advance our nation's cybersecurity readiness. In addition, the CCAB assesses current CompTIA activities relating to cybersecurity and recommends how to integrate those efforts with other thought leaders on the topic while also identifying gaps in the cybersecurity ecosystem that CompTIA might consider filling.


I've translated my old post into English version with Italic font type.
This is a simple example program for MySQL backup.
Assume that my MySQL account is user, password is 123 and the database name is db1.
Change permission of this back program into 700 via "chmod 700 backupmysql.sh" command.
If you want this program do backup procedure periodically, you can add it into crontab.
For example, I want to backup every 7 days, and I just add the following content via "crontab -e" command.
#Allen: Execute backupmysql.sh automatically at 1:00 for every 7 days.


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Is class decided by the 'old school tie'?
Published Tue 3 May 2011
Governments of all kinds have promised in recent years to break down barriers to social mobility.
This was a key pledge of New Labour during its 13 years in government. And deputy prime minister Nick Clegg recently said that a child poverty and social mobility commission was to be set up.
Clegg claimed that it was the "overriding mission" to improve the life chances of low income families.
Despite all this, society has become less equal and mobile in the last three decades. The Tories' cuts will inevitably make things much worse.
But social immobility cannot be reformed away. It is structured into the nature of capitalism.
Capitalism is deeply hierarchical. It is based on the division of society into classes. Karl Marx noted this crucial feature more than 150 years ago. The system's fundamentals have not changed since then.
The ruling class stands at the top of society—principally the bosses who own the factories, offices and other workplaces. The working class stands at the bottom—people who have to sell their labour power to the employers to get by.
These are the two major classes in society—one because of its power and wealth, the other because its work keeps the system going.
The middle class lies in-between—doctors, headteachers, lower level managers and small businesspeople.
All this makes capitalism a profoundly unequal system.
For instance, the richest 1 percent of Britons own 21 percent of the country's wealth, while the poorest half of the population own just 6 percent.
Some commentators claim that recent changes to the kind of jobs people do means that class is now an outdated concept in Britain.
They claim that the decline in manufacturing jobs and the increase in white collar jobs, such as in the civil service and IT, has meant that most people are now middle class.
They say that those in low paid jobs or unemployed are part of the underclass. Labour leader Ed Miliband echoes this when he talks about the "squeezed middle". But this is a misunderstanding of the nature of the society we live in.
Class is not about how much you earn, your job or what you think you are. It is about a social relationship, and where you stand in relation to how things are produced.
Despite many changes to capitalism, class remains based on whether you own a workplace or have to go to work for a wage.
Most people in the white collar sector are working class, selling their labour power to the bosses.
Many of the jobs that were previously seen as middle class have changed. Attacks on conditions and increasing pressure on workers in the 1970s and 1980s meant that teachers, lecturers and clerical staff began to see themselves as working class.
The class that we are born into characterises every aspect of our lives—the food we eat, our healthcare, the school or university we attend (or don't), the jobs we do.
It even defines how long we live—working class people die younger than middle or ruling class people.
While there are some examples of people moving from one class to the other, these are exceptions.
It is very difficult for individuals to break out of this class structure, which keeps the status quo in place.
A government report last year found that, "Economic advantage and disadvantage reinforce themselves across the life cycle, and onto the next generation."
Real equality and social mobility are incompatible with capitalism. No government can achieve them under this system.
The bosses' push to increase profits has driven the rise in inequality over the past 30 years. They have attacked and weakened unions so that they are able to force people to work longer and harder for less.
This needs to be reversed to challenge the inequalities that scar our lives. But we need to go further if we want to defeat poverty and injustice once and for all.
Marx pointed to the working class as the force that can bring about a different kind of world.
That is because the system brings workers together in vast workplaces. Here they have tremendous power—they keep capitalism running.
It is in the working class's interest to end a system based on their exploitation and impoverishment, and to create a world based on human need.
This socialist society would finally get rid of the classes and inequality that are essential to this unjust world.
Tue 3 May 2011, 18:14 BST