text:
Renesas' R-IN32M4-CL3 IC Boosts Next-Generation Ethernet TSN, Linking IT and OT Seamlessly With CC-Link IE TSN
Enables Ultra High-Speed And High-Precision Motion Control of Time Synchronization Accuracy Less Than One-Millionth of A Second Between Applications
TOKYO, Japan, November 21, 2019 ― Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE:6723), a premier supplier of advanced semiconductor solutions, today announced the development of the R-IN32M4-CL3 IC for industrial Ethernet (IE) communication. Renesas' latest industrial network device heralds support for CC-Link IE Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), a communication standard for next-generation Ethernet TSN technology.
As one of the first controllers to support CC-Link IE TSN, the R-IN32M4-CL3 satisfies the strict specifications of less than one-millionth of a second time synchronization accuracy between applications, accelerating TSN support for applications such as AC servos, actuators, and vision sensors which demands high-speed responsive control, as well as remote I/O widely used in network communication. As a result, users are able to implement ultra high-speed and high-precision motion control. Furthermore, TSN enables seamlessly linked interoperation between information technology (IT) networks and operational technology (OT) networks, allowing product models or production volumes to be changed in real time, while also providing flexible support for the manufacture of multiple product types in varying quantities and boosts factory productivity overall.
"High-speed networks for motion control are indispensable in supporting efficient and flexible production while boosting productivity," said Toshihide Tsuboi, Vice President, Industrial Automation Business Division, IoT and Infrastructure Business Unit, Renesas Electronics Corporation. "We are excited to be part of the first wave spearheading communication ICs with CC-Link IE TSN support and to enable our customers as they begin to implement IoT in their factories now and into the future."
"As a key player in device technology, Renesas has been an active participant in the CLPA from the standards adoption phase onward", said Masaki Kawazoe, Director, CC-Link Partner Association. "I am very delighted that Renesas is making use of its industrial Ethernet technology to be among the first to deliver ICs supporting CC-Link IE TSN. I am confident that this will further accelerate the development of CC-Link IE TSN-compatible applications and lead to the increased adoption of IoT in smart factories."
In addition to driver software, Renesas will provide the TCP/IP protocol software, CC-Link IE TSN protocol software, and CC-Link IE Field protocol software essential to developers. Tessera Technology, Inc., one of Renesas' partner vendors, will offer an evaluation board, and Renesas will provide a start-up manual, enabling customers to jump-start industrial application development, incorporating the new technology without delay.
Renesas will demonstrate the R-IN32M4-CL3 at the CC-Link Partner Association booth at SPS (Smart Production Solutions) 2019, November 26-28, 2019, in Nuremberg, Germany, and at IIFES (Innovative Industry Fair for E x E Solutions) 2019, November 27-29, 2019, in Tokyo, Japan.
Features of the R-IN32M4-CL3
The R-IN32M4-CL3 features Renesas' R-IN engine, a Gigabit Ethernet PHY, and 1.3MB of on-chip RAM to support high-speed, high-volume communication with no real-time OS software or external components required, which can reduce the complex development burdens.
The R-IN engine is based on an Arm® Cortex®-M4 core with floating point unit (FPU), real-time OS accelerator, and Ethernet communication accelerator. Implementing real-time OS processing in hardware allows users to offload the CPU and accelerate processing speeds.
The R-IN32M4-CL3 also supports the existing CC-Link IE Field network protocol. Customers can use the new IC in existing networking products to expand their capabilities for next-generation network functionality simply by changing the software.
Renesas will begin mass production orders for the R-IN32M4-CL3 starting February 2020. For more information on the R-IN32M4-CL3 IC for industrial Ethernet communication, visit: https://www.renesas.com/products/factory-automation/r-in32m4-cl3.html
About Renesas Electronics Corporation
Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE: 6723) delivers trusted embedded design innovation with complete semiconductor solutions that enable billions of connected, intelligent devices to enhance the way people work and live. A global leader in microcontrollers, analog, power, and SoC products, Renesas provides comprehensive solutions for a broad range of automotive, industrial, home electronics, office automation, and information communication technology applications that help shape a limitless future. Learn more at renesas.com.


text:
(-) Remove Performance audit filter Performance audit
Major projects report 2
Asset management & sustainment 1
Service delivery 1
(-) Remove Attorney-General's filter Attorney-General's
Social Services 17
Human Services 9
Trade 2
Published: Thursday 5 May 2016
The audit objective was to assess selected entities' compliance with the four mandatory ICT security strategies in the Australian Government Information Security Manual (ISM).
Australian Federal Police (AFP); Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC); Department of Agriculture and Water Resources; Department of Industry, Innovation and Science
Please direct enquiries relating to reports through our contact page.
Attorney-General's
Defence's Management of Credit and Other Transaction Cards
The audit objective was to assess whether Defence is effectively controlling the use of Commonwealth credit cards for official purposes in accordance with legislative and policy requirements.
Administration of Rehabilitation Services under the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004
The audit objective was to assess the effectiveness of the Department of Veterans' Affairs and Department of Defence's administration of rehabilitation services under the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004.
Department of Defence; Department of Veterans' Affairs
Management of the Use of Force Regime
The audit objective was to assess the effectiveness of the Australian Federal Police's management of its use of force regime.
Australian Federal Police (AFP)
Published: Tuesday 15 March 2016
Defence's Management of the Mulwala Propellant Facility
The audit objective is to assess the effectiveness of the Department of Defence's management of the Mulwala Redevelopment Project.
Asset management & sustainment
Published: Wednesday 3 February 2016
Defence Industry Support and Skill Development Programs
The audit objective was to assess the effectiveness of Defence's administration of industry support and skill development programs.
Published: Tuesday 2 February 2016
Managing Science and Technology Work for Defence - Defence Science and Technology Group
The objective of this audit was to assess how effectively the Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG) administers the science and technology work it undertakes for the Australian Defence Organisation.
Published: Monday 14 December 2015
Approval and Administration of Commonwealth Funding for the East West Link Project
The objective of the audit was to assess whether appropriate steps were taken to protect the Commonwealth's interests and obtain value for money in respect to the:
approval of $1.5 billion in Commonwealth funding for stage one of the East West Link project, and the June 2014 payment of $500 million of this funding; and
approval of $1.5 billion in Commonwealth funding for stage two of the East West Link project, and the June 2014 payment of $1 billion of this funding.
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development; Infrastructure Australia; Department of the Treasury; Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; and Department of Finance.
Performance audit (Auditor-General Report No. 9 of 2015–16)
Published: Tuesday 24 November 2015
Test and Evaluation of Major Defence Equipment Acquisitions
The audit objectives were to examine the effectiveness of Defence's management of the test and evaluation (T&E) aspects of its major capital equipment acquisition program; and to report on Defence's progress in implementing T&E recommendations made in the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee's August 2012 report, Procurement procedures for Defence capital projects.
Published: Wednesday 4 November 2015
Third Follow-up Audit into the Australian Electoral Commission's Preparation for and Conduct of Federal Elections
The objective of this audit was to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the Australian Electoral Commission's implementation of those recommendations relating to improving the accuracy and completeness of the electoral roll and other matters from Audit Report No.28 2009–10 that have not previously been followed-up by the ANAO.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
EFCC quizzes Atiku's son-in-law for allegedly laundering €150m
Adelani Adepegba, Abuja
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission is questioning Atiku Abubakar's son-in-law, Abdullahi Babalele, for alleged laundering of €150m, our correspondent has learnt.
It was learnt that Babalele, who was arrested by the EFCC at his Abuja home on Saturday, had been kept under surveillance by the anti-graft body for some time.
Sources claimed Babalele was planning to use the money for his father-in-law's presidential election.
Atiku was the Peoples Democratic Party's candidate for the February 23 presidential poll.
It was learnt that Babalele, who is the finance director of a group of companies belonging to Atiku, might soon be released on bail.
Acting spokesman for the EFCC, Tony Orilade, said Babalele had been in the custody of the commission.
He said, "Yes, Babalele is with us, but I don't have details of his case now, but at the appropriate time, we shall speak."
It was also learnt that the EFCC had secured a court order to keep Atiku's lawyer Uyiekpen Giwa-Osagie in custody for a longer period.
It was learnt that Giwa-Osagie, who was arrested on February 19 for allegedly laundering $4m, had been undergoing interrogation in custody.
The lawyer is under investigation alongside a bureau de change operator said to have received the money which was allegedly earmarked for the presidential and National Assembly polls by Atiku.
Meanwhile, the EFCC has arraigned one Mudassir Yusuf, before Justice Dije Aboki of the Kano State High Court on two counts bordering on criminal breach of trust.
Yusuf was said to have collected N4m from the complainant in instalments for a textile business which was expected to yield a profit of N800,000 on or before June 12, 2018 to be shared by the complainant and the defendant.
READ ALSO: Chef arrested for allegedly killing lawyer in Lagos hotel
However, at the expiration of the due date, Yusuf failed to pay the complainant the said profit and also declined to refund his capital.
In a statement, the EFCC said Yusuf pleaded not guilty to the charges during his arraignment on Monday and was granted bail.
EFCC loses as Supreme Court upturns conviction of senior advocate
EFCC grills Ibadan socialite for allegedly defrauding customers of N25m
EFCC arraigns Fani-Kayode for forging medical reports to evade trial
EFCC arrests bank chief, other over $72.87m account
Diezani: EFCC uncovers fresh $72.87m in Fidelity Bank, arrests ex-MD Okonkwo
How Nigeria can wrestle corruption to the ground


C26 Mighty power single USB port charger UK US EU plugs QC3.0 QC2.0 HUAWEI FCP support glossy design multiple circuit protection universal compact wall quick charging adapter.
1. Input: AC100-240V, 50 / 60Hz, 500mA.
2. Output: DC 3.6-6.5V / 3.0A, 6.5-9.0V / 2.0A, 9.0-12V / 1.5A Max.
3. Available EU, US and UK standards.
4. PC flame retardant material, the outer CD pattern + glossy design.
6. Support QC3.0 / QC2.0 / HUAWEI FCP.


Happy Birthday to my Precious Daughter, Sarah.
I went to my daughter's house this evening for what her 5 year old daughter termed a "veggie sushi extravaganza." My son-in-law, his brother and his girlfriend and another friend whipped up a ton of sushi, sashimi and tempura for dinner tonight. It was a casual affair with friends and family and kids, and we had a delightful time. The food was delicious!
However, on the afternoon that I went into labor I played a record of Lauren Bacall reading a story called, "The Clock with 13 Faces." And when she introduced the main character by saying, "….and her name was Sarahlinda!" in that deep, husky Lauren Bacall voice, I knew that this was to be my baby's name.
Last night, Sarah came to my house and the two of us spoke long into the night. We talked about our family dynamic and its history. We spoke about the future, and our plans to move forward through life and to continue on the path we are currently on, a simple, happy one. Sarah feels the same as I do about letting go of negative people and influences, and about cleaving to that which is good in life…the positive. Our talk was pithy, and probably the best one we have ever had, and I came away from it knowing that what I have with this remarkable young woman is what many parents could only hope for.
She told me that she was grateful to have received a nice card from her father with happy birthday wishes, and I noted how little it takes to make her happy. Her dad and I could not have asked for a better daughter. She is a true gift and always was. Never caused anyone an ounce of trouble.
Since it is her birthday, I will exercise a mother's right to brag…..My daughter is a perfectly beautiful spirit residing in a truly sane existence. With her, there is never any drama. Never any meanness. Never an unkind word…but she isn't a pushover by any stretch of the imagination. She is strong. Smart. Funny. A GREAT mother. Productive. Creative. Accomplished . She isn't the type to pit one person against the other, and she is honest. She isn't boastful and has nothing to prove to anyone.
Her quiet, unassuming manner conveys that she is secure within herself. She is never phoney, never pretentious and is comfortable in her own skin. Oh, and she is not in the least materialistic, and I am very proud of her for that. In fact, I am proud of her in every possible way.
It is an honor to be her mother.
Sarah is the voice of sanity. She is an inspiration to me. She is an inspiration to a lot of people. I am so grateful that she is a part of my life.
Happy birthday, Sarah. I love you for a million new reasons every day. I deeply appreciate you and thank you for being who you are. You are the absolute best.


text:
Mieczysław Roman Asłanowicz (ur. 29 lutego 1880 w Kozienicach, powiat kozieniecki, zm. 23 września 1924 w Siedlcach) – polski pedagog, działacz społeczny.

W 1907 poślubił w Warszawie Janinę Siemianowską córkę Karola, artysty Teatru Warszawskiego.

Nauczyciel siedleckich szkół średnich, w 1912 roku powołany na stanowisko dyrektora Gimnazjum Podlaskiego. Zwolennik nowoczesnych metod nauczania. Patriota i działacz społeczny.

Bibliografia
Siedlce 1448-1995 pod red. Edwarda Kospath-Pawłowskiego i Teresy Włodarczyk, Siedlce 1996
 Dariusz Grzegorczuk, Asłanowicz Mieczysław, w: Słownik biograficzny Południowego Podlasia i Wschodniego Mazowsza, tom I (pod redakcją Arkadiusza Kołodziejczyka przy współpracy Wiesława Charczuka i Dariusza Grzegorczuka), Siedlce 2009, s. 41–43 (z fotografią)

Polscy pedagodzy
Polscy działacze społeczni
Ludzie związani z Siedlcami
Ludzie urodzeni w Kozienicach
Urodzeni w 1880
Zmarli w 1924

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Once upon a time, in a conservative, Southwestern Ontario city, there lived a women who loved hats. She loved looking at hats, the more dramatic and unusual, the better. She loved to see other women wearing hats, and had several friends who lived in other cities who wore hats every day. When she travelled, she enjoyed visiting hat stores and vintage shops where she would try on hats and picture herself wearing them on the weekend, or on an evening out. She wanted to be one of those women who wore a hat with confidence and panache. "This is the one!" she would think, the one that I WILL wear, only to take it home and find that it sat on the top of her wardrobe, or in a hat box, admired, but unworn. It turns out that she loved the idea of hats, and what they represented, more than wearing the hats themselves.
Occasionally, she would find a hat that was simple, but still had a bit of drama, went with many of her outfits, and did not make her feel uncomfortable or self-conscious when she wore it.
Enjoying some sun on my face, wearing some of my favourite black and grey pieces. Waxed cotton vest and faux leather leggings from From Mars, ribbon-laced Doc Martens purchased in New York.
These photos were taken at the end of February when we had a brief spell of very spring-like weather, and I could get away with wearing a lighter coat. I found the vintage wool coat at Blue Pepper Vintage closing sale. There was either something very interesting going on in the sky to my right, or, more likely, I discovered that if I tilt my head upwards, it gets rid of that annoying "soft and wrinkly" neck in my photos.
I was thrilled to learn that Canadian poet bill bissett was going to be in London to do a reading at one of our local branch libraries. bill and I have known each other for about 30 years, and while we don't see each other very often, he has always been one of my favourite people. He has a sweet and gentle spirit, a lovely sense of humour, and for all the challenges (including a severe head injury in the 1960's, and two recent heart surgeries) he has faced in his life, retains a positive and optimistic outlook. bill, whose sound and concrete poems at one time earned him praise from Jack Kerouac, is the author of more than 60 books of poetry, and is also a painter and musician. His poetry can be challenging to read as he has abandoned all use of capitals, punctuation, and conventional spelling, but it is a joy to listen to him read his own work. You can find the words of one of the earliest poems I every read of his, "Cooking Carrot Soup" here, and there are several videos of him reading his poetry on Youtube.
I was contacted by a representative of Calla Shoes, a start-up company in the UK that sells stylish shoes designed specifically for women who have bunions. The founder of the company, a woman who has bunions herself, wanted to provide heels were both stylish and comfortable to wear, and that protect and conceal bunions. They noticed I mentioned I suffer from bunions in one of my blog posts, and offered me a pair of shoes from their website to try them out. Since I don't wear heels, and for now, the two styles they carry are heeled pumps and ballet flats, I went with a pair of grey suede ballet flats. The shoes arrived from the UK in record time, beautifully packaged. They are a nice looking shoe, with a comfortable cushioned insole, and they fit, in that the wider front did accommodate and conceal my bunions, but unfortunately, because my foot is also fairly wide in the middle, the sides of the shoes bulged and my foot slipped out when I walked. I have never been able to wear ballet flats because of the shape of my feet, and the need for more support than they provide, and I was hoping these might be the exception to the rule, but alas, not. I contacted the company to get instructions on how to return the shoes, and they generously suggested I gift them to someone else.
As it happens, they fit my bestie's feet perfectly (she and I both wear a size 10, but she doesn't have bunions), and she quite liked them, so they found a good home after all! Thanks very much to Calla Shoes, for letting me try their product, and for letting me re-gift them. If you have bunions and haven't been able to find heels that you can wear, take a look at their website.
What a fabulous chapeau! It is really you, Shelley. I went "Whoa!" when I saw that waxed vest and those are faux leather leggings? They look like real leather, and you look like a badass (in the best way) in them.
Wow, you know bill bissett? That's awesome. There's a book called "Feersum Endjinn" by Iain Banks, with a character named Bascule who speaks in the book like bill writes. I had to read his dialogue under my breath as I read the book - it was wondrous, and really unleashes the power of language so playfully.
At least the shoes worked for someone! Hearing a poet read their work is the best.
How wonderful that you got to meet an artist you love. It always adds more meaning to their work.
Love that bold red coat and statement hat!
Shame about the shoes. Diva feet are hard to please. I have the same issue with my feet walking out of shoes and requiring support.
Hah! Diva feet. Yup, that's what I have too. No bunions but definitely very particular about comfort. Too bad they weren't for you, Shelley, but glad you were able to find those shoes a good home. Ooh, and I love your hat too!
woww, you look particularly fabulous wearing your 'structured beret', it's a really cool and edgy hat and perfect for your genuine style. I do love your red coat too, and all those different textures in your outfit, brilliant! and those boots!
So lovely that you could met such an interesting person (and poet!), I like how his poems sound and the (apparent) simplicity. I have to listen more of these poems!
Glad that there's a Company selling stylish shoes for bunions, and glad that the shoes found a good home!. Curiously, bunions is the one and only foot problem I have not, but I'll share this with my mom and friends!
You really do rock a hat! That's a wonderful structured beret and the red coat is so cool.
How brilliant to hang around with your poet friend, you look great together. I shall click on that link and have a listen to his work.
Your hat is very cool and your striking poses of power that go with it! Not to mention the ensembles fit for Wonder Woman.
How fun to have a reunion with the poet from way back when. Does he still live in the hood? hmmmm.
Glad your shoes found a good home so easily. Yeah, I find ballet slippers are usually too narrow and the heel is often to low for comfort. But very nice that they singled you out to send a pair to you.
This is definitely a hat that ticks many boxes - it has drama and you're comfortable wearing it. It truly looks smashing. And I love how your red coat brings a whole new vibe to this outfit.
As for Calla Shoes, that's a disappointment, but at least the company gave you stellar service and your bestie will now gladly show them off. We need a potion that says bunion be gone!!
And bill bissett, I think of him regularly because there is a plaque in his honour in downtown Vancouver, which I pass by almost on a regular basis. I didn't know you know him, so that's a fun fact. This is a great shot of you guys together!


text:
layout: docwithnav
title: Temperature and humidity upload over MQTT using Raspberry Pi, ESP32 with HTU21D, Xiaomi sensor and Bluetooth Low Energy
description: ThingsBoard IoT Platform sample for Raspberry Pi, ESP32 with HTU21D, Xiaomi sensor and temperature/humidity monitor using Bluetooth Low Energy
hidetoc: "true"
---

* TOC
{:toc}

## Introduction

{% include templates/what-is-thingsboard.md %}

This sample demo performs collection of temperature and humidity values produced by BLE broadcasting devices and further visualization on the real-time web dashboard. In this example we use [HTU21D](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/13763) connected to [ESP32](https://espressif.com/en/products/hardware/esp32/overview) and  [Xiaomi Smart Temperature & Humidity Sensor](https://www.amazon.com/Xiaomi-Bluetooth-Temperature-Sensitive-Thermometer/dp/B07B9SJJZJ). The purpose of this application is to demonstrate ThingsBoard  [data collection API](/docs/user-guide/telemetry/) , [visualization capabilities](/docs/user-guide/visualization/), [gateway API](/docs/iot-gateway/what-is-iot-gateway/) and the capabilities of [Bluetooth Low Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_Low_Energy) protocol, which you can use with both custom and mass-produce devices.

Data is collected by a python script that is running on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). It pushes data to ThingsBoard server via MQTT protocol by using  [ThingsBoard MQTT client Python SDK](https://github.com/thingsboard/thingsboard-python-client-sdk) library. Data is visualized using built-in customizable dashboard. Demo that is running on Raspberry Pi is written in Python which is quite simple and easy to understand.

  ![Ble diagram](/images/samples/ble/ble-diagram.png)

## List of hardware

* [ESP32-PICO-KIT](https://www.espressif.com/en/products/hardware/development-boards)

* [HTU21D Digital Relative Humidity Sensor](https://ru.aliexpress.com/item/NEW-HTU21D-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-Breakout-Board-Module/32451061596.html?spm=a2g0v.search0104.3.8.69f56062P2BU8f&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_3_10065_10068_319_10059_10884_317_10887_10696_321_322_10084_453_10083_454_10103_10618_10307_537_536,searchweb201603_52,ppcSwitch_0&algo_expid=c8c9941c-ea29-40e5-b74a-d1c0ae217af7-1&algo_pvid=c8c9941c-ea29-40e5-b74a-d1c0ae217af7)

* Breadboard
* 4 female-to-male jumper wires
* [Raspberry Pi with Bluetooth](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/)

* Xiaomi Smart Temperature & Humidity Sensor

## Hardware setup

### ESP32 Wiring scheme

| ESP32 | HTU21D |
| ----- | ------ |
| 3V3   | VIN    |
| GND   | GND    |
| 18    | SDA    |
| 19    | SCL    |

The following picture summarizes the connection of ESP32 and HTU21D:

  ![Ble diagram](/images/samples/ble/esp32-htu21d-scheme.png)

### Raspberry Pi

In this setup we use Raspberry Pi 2 Model B V1.1 with [Raspbian GNU/Linux 9.8 (stretch)](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) installed on it. Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware. This model does't support Bluetooth, so it needs a usb dongle. We use Grand-X BT40G.
Make sure your dongle is recognized by system. You can check it with the following command:
```
$> lsusb
...
Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)
...

```

Whole setup:

  ![Ble diagram](/images/samples/ble/setup.jpg)

## Preparing ESP32

### Application capabilities

In this project ESP is a GATT server, which creates BLE service with two characteristics, one is read-only, and the second is for both reading and writing.
Also it reads temperature and humidity data from connected HTU21D sensor and broadcast it as notifications to all nearby BLE devices.
You can find the source code [**here**](https://github.com/thingsboard/gatts_demo).
It is based on Espressif GATT demo server [**example**](https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/tree/master/examples/bluetooth/gatt_server) and uses [**this**](https://github.com/lucadentella/esp32_htu21d) library to interact with HTU21D.

### Flashing ESP32 BT firmware

You need ESP-IDF (Espressif IoT Development Framework) to program your ESP32.
It is the official development framework for the ESP32 chip.
Install it with the following instructions:

```
mkdir ~/esp
cd ~/esp
git clone --recursive https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git
git checkout 3bf56cdd1
```

Set up IDF_PATH before running any other command:

```
export IDF_PATH=~/esp/esp-idf
```

The python packages required by ESP-IDF are located in IDF_PATH/requirements.txt. You can install them by running:

```
python -m pip install --user -r $IDF_PATH/requirements.txt
```

#### Note

Please check the version of the Python interpreter that you will be using with ESP-IDF. For this, run the command `python --version` and depending on the result, you might want to use python2, python2.7 or similar instead of just python, e.g.

See [**this**](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/get-started/index.html) guide for more info.

Now you can flash your ESP:

```
git clone https://github.com/thingsboard/gatts_demo
cd gatts_demo
make flash
```

Run `make monitor` if you want to see logs of ESP and check if everything is okay.
Example of output:

```
I (30) boot: ESP-IDF v4.0-dev-584-g3bf56cdd1 2nd stage bootloader
I (30) boot: compile time 14:00:10
I (30) boot: Enabling RNG early entropy source...
I (36) boot: SPI Speed      : 40MHz
I (40) boot: SPI Mode       : DIO
I (44) boot: SPI Flash Size : 4MB
I (48) boot: Partition Table:
I (52) boot: ## Label            Usage          Type ST Offset   Length
I (59) boot:  0 nvs              WiFi data        01 02 00009000 00006000
I (66) boot:  1 phy_init         RF data          01 01 0000f000 00001000
I (74) boot:  2 factory          factory app      00 00 00010000 00100000
I (81) boot: End of partition table
I (85) esp_image: segment 0: paddr=0x00010020 vaddr=0x3f400020 size=0x23384 (144260) map
I (145) esp_image: segment 1: paddr=0x000333ac vaddr=0x3ffbdb60 size=0x02c5c ( 11356) load
I (150) esp_image: segment 2: paddr=0x00036010 vaddr=0x40080000 size=0x00400 (  1024) load
0x40080000: _WindowOverflow4 at /home/yulia/esp/esp-idf/components/freertos/xtensa_vectors.S:1779

I (152) esp_image: segment 3: paddr=0x00036418 vaddr=0x40080400 size=0x09bf8 ( 39928) load
I (177) esp_image: segment 4: paddr=0x00040018 vaddr=0x400d0018 size=0x71ea0 (466592) map
0x400d0018: _flash_cache_start at ??:?

I (341) esp_image: segment 5: paddr=0x000b1ec0 vaddr=0x40089ff8 size=0x08d50 ( 36176) load
0x40089ff8: r_lld_pdu_rx_handler at ??:?

I (367) boot: Loaded app from partition at offset 0x10000
I (367) boot: Disabling RNG early entropy source...
I (368) cpu_start: Pro cpu up.
I (371) cpu_start: Application information:
I (376) cpu_start: Project name:     gatt_server_demos
I (382) cpu_start: App version:      b2732e4-dirty
I (387) cpu_start: Compile time:     Jun  3 2019 17:06:46
I (393) cpu_start: ELF file SHA256:  2d3d593eed804970...
I (399) cpu_start: ESP-IDF:          v4.0-dev-584-g3bf56cdd1
I (406) cpu_start: Starting app cpu, entry point is 0x400810e0
0x400810e0: call_start_cpu1 at /home/yulia/esp/esp-idf/components/esp32/cpu_start.c:267

I (0) cpu_start: App cpu up.
I (416) heap_init: Initializing. RAM available for dynamic allocation:
I (423) heap_init: At 3FFAFF10 len 000000F0 (0 KiB): DRAM
I (429) heap_init: At 3FFB6388 len 00001C78 (7 KiB): DRAM
I (435) heap_init: At 3FFB9A20 len 00004108 (16 KiB): DRAM
I (441) heap_init: At 3FFBDB5C len 00000004 (0 KiB): DRAM
I (447) heap_init: At 3FFC8EA0 len 00017160 (92 KiB): DRAM
I (453) heap_init: At 3FFE0440 len 00003AE0 (14 KiB): D/IRAM
I (460) heap_init: At 3FFE4350 len 0001BCB0 (111 KiB): D/IRAM
I (466) heap_init: At 40092D48 len 0000D2B8 (52 KiB): IRAM
I (472) cpu_start: Pro cpu start user code
I (155) cpu_start: Starting scheduler on PRO CPU.
I (0) cpu_start: Starting scheduler on APP CPU.
I (157) GATTS_DEMO: starting ESP gatt demo

```

## Preparing MI Sensor
Install the battery in sensor.

## Preparing Raspberry Pi
Demo script scans for available BLE devices and connects to them. It can read a direct value of BLE characteristic from ESP and receive notifications from both ESP and Mi. If needed, a re-scan command can be issues from the dashboard to connect to new devices.

### Implementation details

If you are not interested in modifying or extending a list of supported devices, you can skip this sub-section.
The demo script consists of few modules: the main module and couple of extension modules.

The [**main**](https://github.com/thingsboard/tb-ble-adapter/blob/master/tb_ble_adapter/adapter.py) module is responsible for receiving commands from ThingsBoard and sending telemetry data. It also scans nearby devices and connects to them.

Extensions are [**modules**](https://github.com/thingsboard/tb-ble-adapter/tree/master/tb_ble_adapter/extensions) that responsible for extracting application-specific data from the BLE device. If you want to implement support for a new device, you can create additional extension class and inherit it from [**provided intarface**](https://github.com/thingsboard/tb-ble-adapter/blob/master/tb_ble_adapter/extensions/ExtensionInterface.py). Use [**this**](https://github.com/thingsboard/tb-ble-adapter/blob/master/tb_ble_adapter/extensions/MiTempHumidityExtension.py) as an example.

### Installing gateway scripts on Raspberry Pi
Login to your Raspberry PI using SSH and install demo. It requires at least **python3.4**.
Also script requires superuser rights for Bluetooth management, so you need to install it system-wide.
```
sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
sudo pip3 install tb-ble-adapter
```

## Device provisioning
Run python script **before** importing dashboard. For this you have to [**create**](/docs/iot-gateway/getting-started/) gateway device and specify it in command arguments:
```
sudo tb_ble_adapter -t $GATEWAY_ACCESS_TOKEN
```
Example of logs with device scanning, discovery of known devices and device connection:
```
Loading MiTempHumidityExtension extension...
Loading EspGattDemoExtension extension...
Scanning BLE devices...
Discovered BT device: 10:73:48:30:84:49
Discovered BT device: d8:a0:1d:40:93:fa
Discovered BT device: 3d:0b:d8:a9:ab:9d
Discovered BT device: 4e:8e:10:d8:c4:a1
Discovered BT device: 1b:83:77:79:2e:29
Discovered BT device: 00:1e:c0:75:d0:a3
Discovered BT device: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Discovered BT device: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Discovered BT device: 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1
Discovered BT device: 2e:ff:58:11:60:71
Discovered BT device: 49:91:8f:6c:7a:17
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1
Received new data from: 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f
Device 10:73:48:30:84:49 (random), RSSI=-52 dB
  Manufacturer = 06000109200298bf2a039d57aa7fda15c7cc1772001b3cd9881bf3e8e0
Device d8:a0:1d:40:93:fa (public), RSSI=-43 dB
  Flags = 06
  Complete Local Name = ESP_GATTS_DEMO
    [!] Known device found: ESP_GATTS_DEMO
  Tx Power = 03
  Complete 16b Services = 000000ee-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb,000000ff-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Device 3d:0b:d8:a9:ab:9d (random), RSSI=-76 dB
  Manufacturer = 0600010920029944e816d9764a15972cd9df7db619bf8dc0875737d50a
Device 4e:8e:10:d8:c4:a1 (random), RSSI=-72 dB
  Flags = 1a
  Manufacturer = 4c001005131c9659d5
Device 1b:83:77:79:2e:29 (random), RSSI=-91 dB
  Manufacturer = 060001092002fd5da974543017b16d0518788003bed6946bb155378f84
Device 00:1e:c0:75:d0:a3 (public), RSSI=-90 dB
  Flags = 06
  Complete 128b Services = 00035b03-58e6-07dd-021a-08123a000300
  Complete Local Name = D1900924
Device 4c:65:a8:df:8e:3f (public), RSSI=-59 dB
  Flags = 06
  16b Service Data = ffffe0845fe76916
  Complete Local Name = MJ_HT_V1
    [!] Known device found: MJ_HT_V1
  Complete 16b Services = 0000180f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb,0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Device 4c:65:a8:df:85:c0 (public), RSSI=-51 dB
  Flags = 06
  16b Service Data = ffffca4e2ef743aa
  Complete Local Name = MJ_HT_V1
    [!] Known device found: MJ_HT_V1
  Complete 16b Services = 0000180f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb,0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Device 4c:65:a8:df:94:d1 (public), RSSI=-57 dB
  Flags = 06
  16b Service Data = fffff61d60016488
  Complete Local Name = MJ_HT_V1
    [!] Known device found: MJ_HT_V1
  Complete 16b Services = 0000180f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb,0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Device 2e:ff:58:11:60:71 (random), RSSI=-96 dB
  Manufacturer = 06000109200232a466069323755cf0a3f6333f3575276dd81e6a2940ba
Device 49:91:8f:6c:7a:17 (random), RSSI=-71 dB
  Flags = 1a
  Manufacturer = 4c001005131cc5c74c
Connecting to device: MJ_HT_V1_4C65A8DF8E3F
Polling data from: MJ_HT_V1_4C65A8DF8E3F
Received data: b'T=23.9 H=43.5\x00'
Data received: {'temperature': 23.9, 'humidity': 43.5}
Sending data to TB: {'ts': 1559827797240, 'values': {'temperature': 23.9, 'humidity': 43.5}}
Disconnecting from device

```
It creates devices:
![Created devices](/images/samples/ble/created_devices.png)

## Provision your dashboard
Download the dashboard file using this [**link**](/docs/samples/ble/resources/device_gw.json). Now you have to import it. To do this, configure aliases in such way (use gateway device from [**Device provisioning**](#device-provisioning) section):

  ![Configure aliases](/images/samples/ble/configure-aliases.png)

  ![Edit alias gw_devices](/images/samples/ble/edit_alias_gw_devices.png)

  ![Edit alias gw](/images/samples/ble/edit_alias_gw.png)

Also this dashboard needs a custom widget bundle. Download it with this [**link**](/docs/samples/ble/resources/custom_widget.json) and import using import/export [**instructions**](/docs/user-guide/ui/widget-library/).

## Data visualization
Finally, open ThingsBoard Web UI. You can access this dashboard by logging in as a tenant administrator.

In case of local installation:
*   login:  tenant@thingsboard.org
*   password: tenant

In case of live-demo server:
*   login: your live-demo username (email)
*   password: your live-demo password

See  **[live-demo](/docs/user-guide/live-demo/)**  page for more details how to get your account.

Go to **"Devices"** section, open created devices details and switch to **"Latest telemetry"** tab. If all is configured correctly you should be able to see latest telemetry values sent via BLE in the table.

  ![Latest telemetry](/images/samples/ble/latest-telemetry.png)

After, open **"Dashboards"** section and find previously imported dashboard **"Device GW"** and observe the following picture:

  ![Dashboard](/images/samples/ble/dashboard.png)

## Troubleshooting
In order to perform troubleshooting, you must check demo script output. It displays connection status with every device, as well as received and sent data.

## See also
Browse other  [samples](/docs/samples)  or explore guides related to main ThingsBoard features:

*   [Device attributes](/docs/user-guide/attributes/)  - how to use device attributes.
*   [Telemetry data collection](/docs/user-guide/telemetry/)  - how to collect telemetry data.
*   [Using RPC capabilities](/docs/user-guide/rpc/)  - how to send commands to/from devices.
*   [Rule Engine](/docs/user-guide/rule-engine/)  - how to use rule engine to analyze data from devices.
*   [Data Visualization](/docs/user-guide/visualization/)  - how to visualize collected data.

{% include templates/feedback.md %}

{% include socials.html %}

## Next steps

{% assign currentGuide = "HardwareSamples" %}{% include templates/guides-banner.md %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The successful candidates will have demonstrable and substantial experience of providing advocacy either in an in-patient or community setting together with demonstrable experience of working within the field of mental health.
You will need to be an effective communicator with other professionals, colleagues and service users including those who may be experiencing distress.
You will be able to work as part of a team, on your own initiative as well as under pressure.
You must have excellent IT skills including Microsoft Office as the post is administratively self-servicing.


text:
Q: Parsing JSON double brackets with Java I'm having some trouble as I've hit a roadblock in learning how to parse JSON with json simple.
To make myself concise;
I am trying to parse this bit of JSON from a url
"hourly": {

"summary": "Clear throughout the day.",

"icon": "clear-day",

"data": [

{

"time": 1550379600,

"summary": "Clear",

"icon": "clear-day",

"precipIntensity": 0,

"precipProbability": 0,

"temperature": 20.18,

"apparentTemperature": 14.31,

"dewPoint": 13.79,

"humidity": 0.76,

"pressure": 1024.47,

"windSpeed": 4.08,

"windGust": 5.25,

"windBearing": 30,

"cloudCover": 0.07,

"uvIndex": 0,

"visibility": 10,

"ozone": 342.67

}

so, in using json simple, this is how I am parsing this JSON
try{

String genreJson = IOUtils.toString(new URL(url));

JSONObject genreJsonObject = (JSONObject) JSONValue.parseWithException(genreJson);

//get the title

System.out.println(genreJsonObject.get("hourly")); //THIS WORKS

//System.out.println(genreJsonObject.get("visibility"));

//get the data

JSONArray genreArray = (JSONArray) genreJsonObject.get(0);

//get the first genre

//JSONObject firstGenre = (JSONObject) genreArray.get(0);

//System.out.println(firstGenre.get("data"));

}

catch (IOException | ParseException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

So, in calling System.out.println(genreJsonObject.get("hourly")); I get everything within the brackets titled "hourly". My intent is to parse for the data within the "hourly" bracket, although I can't figure out how to parse for a title within a titled bracket. Specifically, I need the time, the precipProbability, precipIntensity, and precipProbability (this attribute is not in the example).
I apologize for any lack of detail as I'm doing this as part my first hackathon, and I'm trying not to fall asleep right now.
I greatly appreciate anyone's help.

A: This is object to describe your json "data" part:
class Data {
  private Long time;
  private String summary;
  private String icon;
  private Double dewPoint;
  // add all the fields you need

  // add empty constructor + getters and setters
}

if you want to skip some of the fields in "data" which you don't care about use
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
class Data{
   ...
}

Your parent object is "hourly", so:
class Hourly {
  private String summary;
  private String icon;
  private List<Data> data;

  // add all the fields you need

  // add empty constructor + getters and setters
}

At this point the Java POJO classes describe the Json data, so you're ready to map the JSON to the Java classes.
To read this with Jackson, you will need the String representation of the Json (without any URL parts), so let's assume you can do that in a string called "inputJsonString".
Reading this with Jackson will be as simple as:
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
Hourly hourly = mapper.readValue(inputJsonString, Hourly.class);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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The interior
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PRICE [+] Sagrada Familia:
– Adults: € 17 (with audio guide € 25).
– Students and children under 30 years: € 13.
– Retired: € 11.
– Children under 10 years: free admission.
[+] Sagrada Familia + towers: € 32.
[+] Sagrada Familia + Gaudí House-Museum: € 16.50.
SCHEDULE From November to February: from 9: 00-18: 00 hours.
March: from 09: 00-19: 00 hours.
From April to September: from 09: 00-20: 00 hours.
October: from 09: 00-19: 00 hours.
Beyond what we can tell you at the historical level, there are always details that can only be appreciated by being there. That is why we advise you to visit the Sagrada Familia with a local guide who can tell you all the interesting details about the place, in addition to answering any questions you may have.
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Do you know that Las Ramblas is the most emblematic street in all of Barcelona? It is the most central avenue that crosses the down town. It is also characterized by being a pleasant walking area of 1.3 kilometers that connects the Plaza de Cataluña and the old port.
All the tourists who visit this landmark observe that the street is always lively, full of passersby, live performances, street performers, flower kiosks and large terraces for a drink. There are also permanent attractions and they are as follows:
The Wax Museum is a great neoclassical building that has more than 200 wax figures of famous and historical figures inside. We must highlight that the most curious exhibit in the place that is the bank's vault.
PRICE – Adults: € 15.
– Children between 5 and 11 years old: € 9.
– Pensioners and Young Person's Card: € 9.
SCHEDULE – Monday to Friday: from 10: 00-13: 30 and from 16: 00-19: 30 hours.
– Saturdays, Sundays and holidays: from 11: 00-14: 00 and from 16: 30-20: 30 hours.
*Summer: every day from 10: 00-22: 00 hours.
The Boqueria is the most famous market worldwide as it has more than 2,500 square meters and more than 300 stalls in which they offer you many different types of food, for example, sweets, Macedonian tubs, eggs, meat, fish, etc.
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PRICE Free entrance.
SCHEDULE Monday to Saturday: from 08: 00-20: 30 hours.
Christopher Columbus monument, Barcelona
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Young people between 7-18 years and over 60 years: € 22.
Children under 7 years: free admission.
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SCHEDULE Every day from 9: 00-21: 00 hours.
There may be changes depending on the season.
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Students: € 16.50.
Children between 7-12 years: € 11.
SCHEDULE [+] November to February:
Monday to Sunday: from 9: 00-18: 30 hours.
[+] From March to October:
May vary on some dates.
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Hospital of Santa Creu and Sant Pau, Barcelona
Thanks to a millionaire's donation, at the beginning of the 20th century they were able to start building the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau by the hand of the modernist architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner. It is a hospital that occupies 9 blocks of the neighborhood with a square plot of 300 meters each side and 27 pavilions and, today, is declared World Heritage by UNESCO.
The architect decided to give it a completely avant-garde style and for 80 years it was the place where the poor were cared for. This hospital can be visited freely, with audio-guide or hire a guided tour to learn all the details of this icon from a bygone era.
El Born, Barcelona
There's no better way to fully enjoy one of the best-known neighborhoods in the city of Barcelona: El Born. The area has many essential places to visit in Barcelona that we strongly recommend.
El Born was the core of the economy between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries as it was one of the trade routes, which led to increased wealth and made very distinguished buildings such as the palaces of Montcada street possible. Little by little, the famous Ciutadella, a military fortress that was located in the current Ciutadella Park, fell apart and was finally lost.
One of the notable places in this neighborhood is the Santa María del Mar basilica built between 1329 and 1383 and with a Gothic style. We must also mention the Picasso Museum, since it is a cultural symbol of El Born and one of the most popular tourist destinations, the most famous Market in the neighborhood called Santa Caterina, the walk along Via Laeitana and Calle Princesa.
Park Güell, Barcelona
Park Güell is a public park with gardens and architectural elements located in Northern Barcelona. The design of the place was directed by the architect Antoni Gaudí and the construction took place between 1900 and 1914 in a natural environment that has some of the best views of the city. These are the park's most famous sites.
An esplanade that stands out for its natural beauty and is limited by a huge wavy bench lined with a beautiful mosaic; a site from which you can see views of the city.
An impressive staircase structured in 3 sections and made with stones, having the well-known salamander or the mosaic dragon above, which has been used as the park icon.
This room is designed by 86 columns that collect rainwater and are intended to hold the Plaza de la Naturaleza, in addition, the roof domes are adorned with ceramic mosaics.
We highlight Park Güell as one of the most important places in Barcelona. Gaudí's work is reflected in a very particular way in every corner of the park, from the Hall of the Hundred Columns, through the Hypostyle Room, the viaducts, or the Calvario Monument itself.
Beyond Park Güell, Guadí's work extends throughout much of Barcelona, flooding the city with his art and way of understanding the world. If you want to see the best of Modernism and inform yourself with an expert in the field, we advise you to take a look at this tour with an official local guide of the city who will help you make the most out of your trip by uncovering the stories behind these iconic places.
Montjuic, Barcelona
Apart from Tibidabo, Mt. Motjuic is Barcelona's other mountain, in addition, it is one of the enclaves full of places and landmarks that used to play a key role in defending the city.
For an ideal trip, visiting emblematic sites such as Montjuic Castle, the Joan Miró Foundation, the National Art Museum of Catalonia, the Greek Theater Gardens and the Magic Fountain of Montjuic, and many others is a must for you to get to know this unique place. Don't forget some of the most important sports venues in the city such as the Olympic Stadium and the Palau Sant Jordi, host different types of events and are located in this vicinity.
Palau de la Música Catalana, Barcelona
The Palau de la Música Catalana was designed by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner between 1905 and 1908. It is a very particular modernist building because of its magnificent facade that is hidden between the streets of the La Ribera neighborhood.
It is open to the public and stands out for having a rehearsal room of the Orfeón Catalán designed in the modernist era and because of the concert hall with great lighting as it has a giant skylight in the middle. Finally, there is the Lluís Millet room, where you can see the spectacular colonnade formed by the facade's ornate balcony.
Music is a fundamental part of the culture of any city. That is why we are choosing the Palau de la Música Catalana as one of the essential places to visit in Barcelona.
Students: € 11.
Over 65 years: € 16.
Children under 10 years free admission.
SCHEDULE Every day from 10:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
July and August until 6:00 p.m.
MACBA: Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona
The MACBA (Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona) is a space that opened its doors in 1995 and, since then, has become a national and international reference for art from the second half of the 20th century, recognized as a Museum of National Interest.
It is located in the Plaza dels Angels, next to the CCCB and the Faculty of Geography and History of the University of Barcelona. This esplanade is characterized by being a place in constant motion, with groups of skaters out under the sun and hanging out in its pleasant terraces.
The building was designed by Richard Meier. Its facade is accentuated by the pieces of glass while its white color and strong luminosity stand out and highlight its beauty. Inside. Here, you can visit permanent exhibitions, composed of a collection of more than 5800 own works, and also check out some of the featured temporary exhibitions.
Barcelona is a city to get lost and stroll through its streets throughout the day. Its endless cultural and gastronomic options have made it one of tourist's favorite destinations in the Mediterranean. If you visit Barcelona, try doing it with a guide so you can get to discover the best places.
PRICE Adults: € 28.50.
Children under 1.20 cm: € 10.30.
Under 90 cm-over 60 years: free entry without access to attractions and shows.
SCHEDULE [+] From September 25 to June 24:
Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday: 11: 00-19: 30 hours.
Saturdays: 10: 00-20: 00 hours.
Sundays: 10: 00-15: 00 hours.
*Tuesday closed.
[+] From June 25 to September 24:
Sundays and holidays: 10: 00-15: 00 hours.
FREE WALKING TOUR: The Modernist bloom and the wonders of Gaudí – Free Walking Tour.
Labyrinth of Horta, Barcelona
You will find the park of the Labyrinth of Horta (Labyrinth Park) in the northwest of the city, in the district of Horta-Guinardó. It is the oldest preserved garden in the city and one of the essential places to visit on our list.
Of course, this is a lesser-known spot that is in a more remote place where many tourists looking for what to see and do in Barcelona don't usually get the chance to visit.
This park combines Neoclassical and Romantic styles. Its construction began at the end of the 18th century as a private garden for the Desvalls family. The design was commissioned by the important Italian architect Domenico Bagutti, who together with the French gardener Devalet and the builder Jaume Valls, created this incredible landmark.
In 1961, the Desvalls family donated the gardens to the city of Barcelona, and today it is recognized as a museum garden and Cultural Property of Local Interest.
The biggest attraction you will enjoy in this magical-looking park is, without a doubt, its enormous maze of Cypress trees, in which getting lost is a game for both children and adults. However, throughout its gardens you will also come across spaces with different styles and influences, with sculptures, fountains and small buildings such as the Temple of Danae or the Pavilion of Carlos IV.
Raval neighborhood, Barcelona
Raval neighborhood is located in the center of Barcelona, next to La Rambla, within the Ciutat Vella (old Town) district. This unique enclave, known as Chinatown decades ago, stands out for its rich multiculturalism. In fact, more than 50% of its residents come from other countries around the world.
Originally, the neighborhood of El Raval was just a combination of settlements that were at the entrances of the city of Barcelona but outside its fortified walls. After the fortification reforms were initiated in the fourteenth century, the neighborhood was brought inside the wall. Interestingly, this wall was not completely demolished until the nineteenth century.
At the end of the 18th century, a strong industrialization process began in El Raval that changed the neighborhood's history completely, making it the largest working-class neighborhood in the city and the densest in Europe. From this time period, there are factory houses that have been preserved to protect their relevance to the city's history and its heritage.
The neighborhood of El Raval is full of streets full bustling with activity, small shops and establishments with culinary delicacies from around the world.
La Rambla del Raval is a pedestrian avenue that divides the neighborhood. Here you will see a large bronze sculpture which is the work of the artist Botero, Nice, which is a figure of a fat cat that has turned into a neighborhood symbol.
This district houses some of the most important cultural spaces in the city: the MACBA, the CCCB and the Filmoteca.
From El Raval you access the La Boqueria market and the Sant Antoni market, two essential places to visit in Barcelona, especially when you are accompanied by an expert guide on a free walking tour of Barcelona.
FREE WALKING TOUR: Old Town free tour.
Tibidabo, Barcelona
Tibidabo is a mountain located approximately 500 meters above sea level that is part of the Sierra de Collserola. Beginning in the 19th century, Tibidabo hill began its urban development. There were distinguished buildings and houses in the modernist style, making the neighborhood home to Barcelona's upper class.
There are different ways to get to the top of Tibidabo, where you'll be able to enjoy spectacular views of the city. One of the most interesting ways to get there is to take the funicular from the bottom of the hill.
One of the biggest attractions is the Tibidabo Amusement Park. Opened in 1901, it is the oldest operating amusement park in Spain. It has more than 30 attractions, and has been the filming location chosen for many popular movies including Vicky, Cristina, Barcelona by Woody Allen.
The Expiatory Temple of the Sacred Heart is another place worth seeing if you make it to the top. It is an imposing neo-Gothic construction, designed by the architect Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia, and is composed of a lower crypt with a church built on top.
SCHEDULE They vary depending on the time of the year. Check out the amusement park schedules.
Encants Market, Barcelona
The Encants market is a paradise for collectors, bargain lovers, second-hand items and auctions. It is the largest market in the city and in its stands you can find everything you can imagine.
Its origin dates back to the thirteenth century, being one of the oldest markets in Europe. Throughout its history, it has changed location many times. In 2013, its definitive space was released, an open-air structure that is also protected from sun and rain, designed by the architecture studio B720.
It is located in the Eixample district, in what was the former Bosquet dels Encants, near the Glories, Monumental or Encants metro stops. It has several floors full of stands that are all accessible by way of elevators and stairs, and different dining options await its visitors.
SCHEDULE Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday from 09: 00-20: 00 hours.
In Barcelona, you can find other markets that are also worth seeing and visiting, such as the Boqueria Market or the Mercat de San Antoni. It is always interesting to see such places (essential in any city) full of people, and the stories that and day-to-day experiences there every day.
The Barceloneta, Barcelona
La Barceloneta is one of the best known seafaring neighborhoods in Spain and is located in the Port Vell district. Until the 18th century, it was an area where many people did not live, but that changed, in 1754 when fishermen began arriving when the sea was next to them. Currently, it has a modern feel that is mixed with the special charm of that time, with its narrow streets and its timeless facades stained by the salty sea breeze.
The best thing to do in this neighborhood is to get lost in its streets and enjoy the atmosphere as you try its rich cuisine. There are also places of interest to visit, such as the Museum of History of Catalonia or the Clock Tower, which was built in 1772 to act as a lighthouse for the port. Last but not least, there is the Barceloneta beach, one of the largest in Spain, stretching 578 meters along the coast. It also has extensive sports and leisure equipment to enjoy a magnificent afternoon at the beach.
FREE WALKING TOURS: The best selection of FREE TOURS in Barcelona!
The list of places to see in Barcelona could be endless because it is a city full of monuments, streets, and buildings that would take weeks to visit completely. Therefore, local guides have made a selection of essential places in Barcelona so you can check out what most interests you and decide what you want to check out on your trip to Barcelona on your free walking tours.
Overall, Barcelona is one of the most popular places for tourists to visit because of its rich cultural, historical, artistic and natural attractions. If you plan on traveling to this beautiful city, which stands out as one of the most cosmopolitan and avant-garde cities in Europe, make sure you check out these the essential places on our guides' list.
Best things to do in Barcelona!
Thomas Jr.
by Thomas Jr.
Best place to visit this year!
Thanks for the recommendations on what to see in Barcelona. We will go this weekend and we hope to make the most of the trip!
Tags: Europe, Spain, Travel guides
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US woman killed by bear that dragged her from tent in Montana
in Mobile Home, America, World News
https://www.bbc.com-image copyright Getty Images
image caption Authorities believe the bear (not pictured) weighs roughly 181kgs (400lb)
US authorities are searching for a grizzly bear that killed a woman in Montana after dragging her from her tent in the middle of the night.
Leah Lokan, a 65-year-old nurse from California, had stopped over in the town of Ovando during a cycling trip.
During the attack on Tuesday, her fellow campers used bear spray to force the animal out of their camping site.
Wildlife and law enforcement officials are sweeping the area and say they plan to kill the bear if they find it.
A private air rescue service, Two Bear Air Rescue, is using infrared technology to locate the animal, according to Montana's Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) agency.
Traps have also been laid in the area near a chicken coop where the bear killed and ate several chickens the same night.
Investigators believe the animal weighs roughly 181kgs (400lb). Its DNA has been recovered at the scene of the attack, and it will be compared with that of any bear that authorities trap.
A friend of Ms Lokan's, Mary Flowers, told AP news agency that Ms Lokan had taken long-distance bike trips in the past. On this latest journey she had been accompanied by her sister and a friend.
"She loved these kind of adventures," said Ms Flowers. "She had a passion for life that was out of the ordinary."
The FWP said the bear first approached the campers at around 03:00 local time (09:00 GMT), but initially ran away.
Ms Lokan and her two companions, who were staying in a separate tent, then removed food from their tents and secured them before going back to sleep. But the bear returned shortly afterwards, leading to the fatal attack.
Ovando, a community of fewer than 100 people, sits on the edge of Glacier National Park – an expanse of forests and mountains stretching over the border into Canada.
The park is home to the largest concentration of bears within the contiguous US, but fatal attacks are rare in the region. Over the last 20 years there have been two other incidents, according to the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Bears that attack people are not always killed if their attack results from a surprise encounter, or if the bear was defending its young.
But a Montana FWP spokesperson told AP that the bear involved in Ms Lokan's death is considered a threat because of the nature of the attack.
Pentagon 'deeply concerned' by recent attacks on personnel in Iraq, Syria
U.S. civil rights leaders vow to keep fighting for voting rights


Ouachita Baptist University will host Cayli Campbell as she presents her sophomore trombone recital on Friday, April 27. The recital will be held at 2 p.m. in Ouachita's McBeth Recital Hall in Mabee Fine Arts Center. Admission is free and open to the public.
Smith, Katie, "Ouachita to host Cayli Campbell in sophomore trombone recital April 27" (2018). Press Releases. 508.


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text:
Sabunchi is a town in the Ararat Province of Armenia.

References

Populated places in Armenia
Yazidi populated places in Armenia


I admit that's something I've always wanted to do.
Did you walk the entire track or did your adventure end after you put up the flags?
It ended after the flags. I don't think I could go the whole track. My heart would give out.


The following networks have indicated a willingness to make referrals to social change groups falling within their arenas.
AMERICAN YOUTH WORK CENTER, 1751 N Street, NW, Suite 302, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 785-0764. Assists the management and staff of human service organizations for the improvement of service to youth and children through domestic and international conferences and training events, American and foreign youth service publications, and technical assistance to the youth work community. Referrals to coalitions of young workers, city youth worker coalitions, and Washington, DC organizations serving youth. Contact William Treanor, Executive Director.
ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY BASED EDUCATION, 1805 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, (202) 462-6333. A national membership organization for alternative educational institutions, the Association has a directory of community-based groups involved in adult and community education. Involved in setting up programs and developing training that may be utilized by community groups. Contact office.
ASSOCIATION OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS FOR REFORM NOW (ACORN), 845 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11226, (718) 693-6700. An organization of low to moderate income families working in 19 states for political and economic justice. Referrals to local ACORN chapters and other local community organizations. Contact John Kest.
CENTER FOR COMMUNITY CHANGE, 1000 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007, (202) 342-0519. Provides technical assistance tailored to meet the programmatic and administrative needs of community-based organizations. Referrals to community-based social service groups and national and regional technical assistance agencies. Contact Othello Poulard, Vice-President.
CITIZEN ACTION, National offices: 1300 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 857-5153; 1406 West 6th Street, Suite 200, Cleveland, OH 44113, (216) 861-5200. A consortium of 13 statewide citizen organizations, including the Connecticut Citizen Action Group (CCAG), Illinois Public Action Council (IPAC), Massachusetts Fair Share, Ohio Public Interest Campaign (OPIC), Minnesota COACT, Pennsylvania Public Interest Coalition, Citizens Action of Indiana, and other organizing projects in five additional states. Referrals to member organizations. Contact Ira Arlook in the Cleveland office.
CITIZENS' CLEARINGHOUSE FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES (CCHW), P.O. Box 926, Arlington, VA 22216, (703) 276-7070. A clearinghouse offering training and technical assistance to grassroots groups fighting toxic polluters. Referrals to community and national advocacy groups working on toxics issues. Contact the office.
CITIZENS FOR TAX JUSTICE, 1311 L Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 626-3780. A national citizen/labor coalition that seeks tax justice for working people, the elderly, and those on fixed incomes; and opposes measures to shift the tax burden onto these groups. Referrals to national citizen groups and labor unions. Contact Kathy Ceronsky.
CLEAN WATER ACTION PROJECT, 317 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20003, (202) 547-1196. Works with national and local citizen groups and leaders to eliminate water pollution. Referrals to environmental groups and other public interest groups, especially those with canvass staffs. Contact Personnel Director.
COMMUNITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE, 1029 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 710, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 628-2981. A national interactive network that meets the need of urban and rural community-based groups for reliable, in-depth information on strategies and resources for community development. Referrals to grassroots community development organizations. Contact Alice Shabecoff, Executive Director.
HOMELESSNESS INFORMATION EXCHANGE, 1830 Connecticut Avenue, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20009, (202) 462-7551. Gathers and distributes information about model homeless programs, funding sources, and experts in the field. Referrals to organizations and individuals working to combat homelessness, nationwide. Contact the office.
INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY CONSULTANTS, INC., Box 141, Hampton, AR 71744, (501) 798-4510. Provides planning research, training and evaluation services to nonprofit minority, social change community development and anti-poverty groups as well as government agencies. ICC's clients are primarily umbrella groups, and ICC would be willing to make referrals to those interested in job-seekers. Contact Jerry Cronin.
JOBS WITH JUSTICE, P.O. Box 19128, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 728-2394. National and local network that supports efforts to defend workers' rights. Maintains lists of key organizations and activists in participating communities. Referrals to unions and community organizations. Contact Ms. Marty Gordon.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PUBLIC INTEREST LAW (NAPIL), 1666 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 424, Washington, DC 20009, (202) 462-0120. A national coalition of law student organizations that offer grants and other forms of assistance to students and recent graduates engaged in public interest employment. Publishes the NAPIL Directory of Public Interest Legal Internships and the NAPIL Fellowships Guide. Referrals to law student organizations and public interest law centers. Contact Michael Caudell-Feagan.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOODS, 1651 Fuller Street, NW, Washington, DC 20009, (202) 332-7766. An association of neighborhood groups, citywide federations, and other coalitions and organizations concerned with neighborhood problems. Referrals to neighborhood associations, city-wide coalitions and community development corporations (CDC's). Contact Marla Anderson.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY ALTERNATIVES, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20009, (202) 387-6030. One of the major centers of information exchange among progressives. The Center's issues include family and work issues (women's economic justice and reproductive rights), election law reform, sustainable growth, public capital and economic reform. Referrals to other public interest groups working in these areas. Contact Judy Goldsmith.
NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 807, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 638-6388. NCADV is a membership organization providing national systems advocacy and technical assistance for its constituents. Referrals to grassroots shelter and service programs for battered women. Contact Karyl Spriggs.
NATIONAL CONGRESS OF NEIGHBORHOOD WOMEN, 249 Manhattan Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11211, (718) 388-6666. A women's organizing and technical assistance group whose goal is the empowerment of women as community leaders. Conducts workshops; provides training in job development and fundraising. Referrals to women's organizations. Contact Maria Fava.
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LA RAZA, 810 First Street, NE, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20002, (202) 289-1380. A resource and information clearinghouse, coordination body and funding source for Hispanic organizations. Has 125 affiliates in 21 states. Does research and advocacy in support of all Hispanic minorities and provides technical assistance and programmatic support to Hispanic community-based organizations. Referrals to Hispanic organizations. Contact Bernardo Ramirez.
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN (NOW), 1000 16th Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 331-0066. The largest women's rights organization, NOW works on the local, state and federal level to bring women into the mainstream of American society and into fair and equal partnership with men. Referrals to NOW's 700 offices and chapters, and other women's groups, nationwide. Contact Patricia Ireland, Executive Vice-President.
NATIONAL TOXICS CAMPAIGN, 1168 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02134, (617) 232-0327. A coalition of citizens, statewide organizations, environmental groups, family farmers, public health officials, scientists and educators. Referrals to other NTC offices and groups working on toxics issues nationwide. Contact office.
NORTH AMERICAN STUDENTS OF COOPERATION (NASCO), Box 7715, Ann Arbor, MI 48107, (313) 663-0889. A consortium of North American student cooperatives. Issues publications, including the NASCO Guide to Campus Cooperatives in North America, holds conferences, does consulting and conducts cooperative board training for members and the general public. Referrals to cooperatives and co-op resource organizations; offers development assistance to newly created student cooperatives. Contact Margaret Martin for referrals and student housing cooperative assistance; Renee Ordeneaux for cooperative development assistance.
NORTHERN ROCKIES ACTION GROUP (NRAG), 9 Placer Street, Helena, MT 59601, (406) 442-6615. Provides technical assistance and training to grassroots organizations in Idaho, Wyoming, Montana and beyond, with emphasis on coalition building and encouraging people to think about the future of the region. Referrals to citizen groups primarily in the three states, but also in surrounding areas. Contact Michael Schechtman.
NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE SERVICE (NIRS), 1424 16th Street, NW, Suite 601, Washington, DC 20036. Provides energy activists with information and resources to end nuclear power development. Referrals to national anti-nuclear power organizations. Contact Michael Mariotte.
PARTNERSHIP FOR DEMOCRACY, 2335 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20009, (202) 483-0030. Provides financial and technical assistance to grassroots organizations addressing a broad range of social issues. Referrals to community organizations and public interest groups around the country. Contact Lori Rubenstein, Executive Director.
PUBLIC MEDIA CENTER, 466 Green Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94133, (415) 434-1403. A nonprofit public interest advertising and media resource agency, also involved in media advocacy. Referrals to environmental groups, energy organizations, media fairness and media access groups, and San Francisco-based community action organizations. Contact Herb Gunther.
SANE/FREEZE: CAMPAIGN FOR GLOBAL SECURITY, 1819 H Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 862-9740. A national group organizing at the grassroots level to reverse the arms race, abolish nuclear weapons, and construct a world of peace and justice. Referrals to over 250 chapters and affiliate groups nationwide. Contact Kate Kent.
UNITED STATES PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP (USPIRG), 215 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20003, (202) 546-9707. National, nonpartisan consumer and environmental organization conducting independent research on consumer and environmental issues, monitoring corporate and governmental actions affecting the average citizen, and lobbying in the public interest. Serves as a national office for a number of the state Public Interest Research Groups that have been formed throughout the country since 1971. (See PIRG Directory in Appendix C). Contact office.
UNITED STATES STUDENT ASSOCIATION (USSA), 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 207, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 347-8772. A research, information and training organization that promotes students' rights to a post-secondary education. Provides technical information and publishes student organizing manuals. Contact Julius A. Davis.


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Hello Charlie I visited you about 20 years ago when I lived in Ludlow MA, now I live in the State of Bahia Brazil. It was a most wonderfull experience to see your bird room,you are a very special person to me and a prefecinonal at what you do, congratulations.
I would like to buy a pair of red siskin, please let me know if you have for sale. My .number is 7862514101. Thank you.
Very nice Homepage and very nice Birds.
IIts nice when I can find my Link on your Homepage.
Hi from Argentina! Very good birds. Good luck and thank you for posting your videos.
Very glad to know a kind, knowledgable, and Big heartet bird hobbiest like you SIR CHARLIES !!!
Thanks for your birds and all info.
I am Sam from Lebanon ,I am trying to breed goldfinches can you give some tips please.


text:
Home Business Tech Industry
Carphone Warehouse splits in two
High court approval clears the way for the Carphone Warehouse retail chain and the TalkTalk ISP business to begin operating as separate companies
Written by Richard Thurston, Contributor on March 24, 2010
Carphone Warehouse and TalkTalk will officially become two separate companies on Monday, after the split was sanctioned by the high court.
The demerger of the retail (Carphone Warehouse) and broadband ISP (TalkTalk) businesses has been planned since June. At the time, the group's chief executive Charles Dunstone said there were "no material synergies" between the two companies and they were effectively already operating separately.
On Monday, the company said it had received legal approval for the split, which it had said would happen by July 2010 at the latest.
"The Carphone Warehouse Group PLC is pleased to announce that the High Court of Justice in England and Wales has today made an order sanctioning the Scheme... to effect the separation of the TalkTalk Business by a demerger to TalkTalk Telecom Group PLC," the company said in a statement.
The last day of trading in Carphone Warehouse shares on the London Stock Exchange was Tuesday, and the company has requested that its shares be delisted from Wednesday, to enable the completion of the split.
The demerger will become effective at 4.30pm on Friday, with the two companies being separately admitted to the stock exchange at 8am on the following Monday.
Carphone Warehouse's former retail arm will be known as the Carphone Warehouse Group upon completion and will retain the Carphone Warehouse brand on the high street. The business formed a joint venture with US-based electronics chain Best Buy in May 2008, and the Best Buy chain has announced the opening of four stores in its name at Thurrock (Essex), Merry Hill (West Midlands), Hedge End (Southampton) and Aintree (Liverpool). The first store, in Thurrock, is due to open in April.
TalkTalk Telecom Group, as the demerged ISP business will be known, is the second largest residential broadband provider in Britain, following its May 2009 acquisition of Tiscali UK.
Hate self-checkout? Get ready for a change you never expected
3 security gadgets I never leave home without
What is ChatGPT and why does it matter? Here's everything you need to know


text:
Q: Calculating minimum finds second lowest instead? Why is the output of this C++ code to find the min and max between inputted elements not showing the lowest number but rather the 2nd to the lowest?
Idk why the min is not working when it is the exact opposite code of the max which is perfectly showing the highest number.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int array[50], *max, *min, size, i;
    cout<<"Enter the number of elements in array\n";
    cin>>size;
    cout<<"Enter array elements\n";
    for ( i = 0 ; i < size ; i++ )
    cin>>array[i];
    max = array;
    min = array;

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
    if (*(array+i) > *max)
        *max = *(array+i);
    }
    cout<<"Maximum element in the array is "<< *max << "\n" ;

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
    if (*(array+i) < *min)
       *min = *(array+i);
    }
    cout<<"Minimum element in the array is "<< *min <<"\n";
    return 0;
}


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text:
Chris Ausburn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2nRDCWbutE
With just four races remaining in the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series Regular Season, the sense of urgency is about to pick up. With his win at Loudon this weekend, Aric Almirola secured a playoff spot. His success is so vital that he sits tied for 24th in the points standings, but his win automatically places him in the final 16 for the Playoffs. It also tightens the race for the final spot. Before the race, Kevin Harvick was almost 200 points ahead of Chris Buescher for the final spot; now, he is only 82 points ahead of Austin Dillon for the final spot.
Let's throw some hypothetical situations at you. Say, in the last four races, Matt Dibenedetto and Ross Chastain win a race. The cut line would move from Kevin Harvick to Denny Hamlin. Can you imagine the anarchy that would be if the driver leading the season points standings failed to make the Playoffs? It is possible, and it might happen. In those last four races in Watkins Glen, which has produced some surprise winners before, the Road Course at Indy, Michigan, and a wild card race at Daytona. The recent trend says that we could see another first-time winner before we start the playoffs. Last season, William Byron won his first career race in the regular-season finale at Daytona to clinch the final playoff spot. Let's give that one to Dibenedetto here. Ross Chastain has done well at the left and right turn tracks this year, so I will provide him with Watkins Glen. But what if Chris Buescher wins at Michigan?
If Denny Hamlin does not win a race, and the drivers listed above do win, Denny would miss the playoffs. This would mark the first time in any sport in the history of sports that the team that was in first place during the regular season missed the playoffs. I mean, think about that in terms of other sports. That is the equivalent of the Patriots going undefeated and missing the playoffs. I think this dynamic is what makes NASCAR unique. After all, when the sanctioning body emphasized winning races to win a title, this is precisely what they had hoped would happen. The chaos is what the fans crave. Remember the days of watching an entire race and never seeing a caution? Probably not, Stage Racing fixed that problem, and in turn, created the chaotic finishes that keep the fans happy.
By no means do I really think that Denny Hamlin will miss the playoffs; I actually think he wins a race before the playoffs begin. It would make for a great news story if he does miss out, but the odds are very slim. Time will tell, and I think you can look at history for lessons on who will make the playoffs and who won't. I would bet on Hamlin and Harvick, but the final spot might go to a driver that not many pick, in Ross Chastain.
Chris Ausburn nascar
Not So Bad Brad
Call To The Hall
NASCAR Weekly Preview
The off-season has come and gone; the 2023 season is here. The NASCAR world has been waiting all winter, and their wait is finally over. However, before we get into the preview, let us cover this week's news. Do...
Dustin Lewis
That Time In NASCAR History & News!
Sponsored by The Plug Tire & Brake
Photo by James Gilbert/NASCAR
That Time In Nascar History
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Carl Leopold Netter, auch Karl (* 29. Januar 1864 in Bühl (Baden); † 14. Juli 1922 in Baden-Baden) war ein deutscher Unternehmer und Mäzen.

Leben und Wirken

Er war der Sohn des Bühler Unternehmers Jacob Netter, der zusammen mit dessen Bruder Joseph das Eisenwarengeschäft ihres Vaters Wolf Netter stark ausgebaut und auf die Herstellung von Eisen- und Stahlprodukten ausgeweitet hatte. 1873 expandierte das Unternehmen durch Salomon Jacobi nach Straßburg und wurde zu Wolf Netter & Jacobi. Carl Leopold Netter trat 1885 nach dem Tod seines Bruders Emil in die Unternehmensleitung ein. Er übernahm die Leitung des Werkes in Berlin-Adlershof und die Repräsentanz in Berlin. In seiner Zeit expandierte das Unternehmen stark.

Carl Leopold Netter war vielfältig engagiert. In Berlin war er Ältester der Berliner Kaufmannschaft und ehrenamtlicher Handelsrichter bei der Kammer für Handelssachen am Landgericht I in Berlin. In der Jüdischen Gemeinde Berlin war er Vorsitzender der Baukommission und gehörte zu den Wohltätern der Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, des Israelitischen Krankenhauses und der Jüdischen Colonisationsgesellschaft (J.C.A.) sowie des Central-Vereins deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens. 1915 bis 1920 war er Vorsitzender des Krankenhausvorstands. Er war Mitglied der Berliner Freimaurer-Loge Friedrich zur Gerechtigkeit. Für seine Verdienste erhielt er den Titel Kommerzienrat. In seiner Heimatstadt Bühl stiftete er 1905 die Mittel zur Anlegung des Stadtgartens mit dem Großherzog-Friedrich-Denkmal, stattete die Realschule und die Gewerbeschule mit Lehrmitteln und Stipendien aus und machte regelmäßig Zuwendungen für die Ortsarmen aller Konfessionen möglich. 1906 wurde ihm die Ehrenbürger-Würde Bühls verliehen.

Mitten im Ersten Weltkrieg stiftete er 1916 auf den Vorschlag von Karl Heinsheimer, der über Cäcilie, geb. Netter, seine Schwiegermutter mit ihm verwandt war, ein Seminar für rechtswirtschaftliche und rechtsvergleichende Studien an der Universität Heidelberg und errichtete dazu 1918 eine Stiftungsprofessur, auf die Friedrich Karl Neubecker berufen wurde. Nachdem das Stiftungskapital zum großen Teil in der Inflation der zwanziger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts verloren ging, wurde die Stiftungsgründung von der Universität Heidelberg übernommen. Das Seminar besteht als Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht der Universität Heidelberg fort. Die von Netter begründete "Stiftung von 1916 für rechtswirtschaftliche und rechtsvergleichende Studien" fördert dieses Institut mit den verbliebenen Mitteln bis heute. Ein Teil der Netterschen Gründung wurde später integriert in das Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht. Die Heidelberger Juristische Fakultät verlieh ihm 1917 den juristischen Ehrendoktor.

Carl Leopold Netter war seit 1891 mit Clara, geb. Bloch (* 1872) verheiratet. Sie starb jedoch schon am 22. November 1893 an einer Austern-Vergiftung. Das Paar hatte eine 1892 geborene Tochter, Cécilie. Sie heiratete 1912 den Juristen Julius Seligsohn, der den Namen Seligsohn-Netter annahm und Teilhaber im Unternehmen wurde. Er emigrierte 1938 nach England und starb hier 1964.

Carl Leopold Netters Trauerfeier wurde in der Berliner Synagoge Fasanenstraße von Rabbiner Leo Baeck gehalten. Seine Trauerrede und die von Julius Stern sowie die Ansprachen von Rabbiner Dr. Loewenthal, Julius Blau, des Bühler Bürgermeister Grüninger, Professor Karl Heinsheimers und anderer bei der Beisetzung auf dem Jüdischen Friedhof Berlin-Weißensee erschienen in einer vom Syndicus der Jüdischen Gemeinde Leo Lilienthal herausgegebenen Gedenkschrift.

Nachleben

Nach Carl Leopold Netter sind in Bühl die Carl-Netter-Straße und seit 1993 die Carl-Netter-Realschule benannt. Auch der 1902 zum 50. Thronjubiläum von Großherzog Friedrich I. von ihm und seinem Bruder Adolph Netter gestiftete Großherzog-Friedrich-Jubiläumsturm wird inoffiziell als Carl-Netter-Aussichtsturm bezeichnet. Im Bühler Stadtgarten erinnert ein Granitfindling mit Bronzetafel an Adolf und Carl Leopold Netter.

Eine Sammlung von Dokumenten zum Unternehmen und zur Familie, die Wolf Netter & Jacobi Collection befindet sich heute im Leo-Baeck-Institute in New York City.

Restitutionen

Die Restitution eines kleinen Vermögensteiles in der Schweiz aus Netters Nachlass erfolgte erst 2010.

1916 hatte Carl Leopold Netter das Spitzweg-Gemälde Eingeschlafener Nachtwächter bei der Galerie Heinemann erworben. 1922 im Erbgang an seine Tochter gekommen, musste diese es 1936 versteigern lassen. Im Februar 2005 erhielten es ihre Erben durch Restitution zurück und ließen es 2006 von Christie's in Amsterdam versteigern.

Werke

 Zum Andenken an das 25jährige Geschäfts-Jubiläum der Firma Wolf Netter & Jacobi in Strassburg I./E. seinen lieben Socien Salomon Jacobi und Adolf Netter, In Liebe und Treue gewidmet von Carl Leop. Netter. Berlin 1898 Digitalisat

Literatur

 Dionys Höß: Carl Leopold Netter – "ein Mann, in welchem Geist ist". In: Jüdisches Leben. Auf den Spuren der israelitischen Gemeinde. (= Bühler Heimatgeschichte; Band 15). Stadtgeschichtliches Institut, Bühl 2001, ISBN 3-928916-37-8, S. 22–28

 Roland Hecker: Schmiedekunst auf Berliner Friedhöfen, Berlin (Verlag Dr. Köster) 1999, S. 81, ISBN 3-89574-355-0
 Gartendenkmale in Berlin: Friedhöfe, hrsg. von Jörg Haspel und Klaus von Krosigk, Bearbeitung: Katrin Lesser, Jörg Kuhn, Detlev Pietzsch u. a. (Beiträge zur Denkmalpflege in Berlin Bd. 27), Petersberg (Michael Imhof Verlag) 2008, S. 232, ISBN 978-3-86568-293-2
 Der Jüdische Friedhof Weissensee, Berlin, hrsg. von der Jüdischen Gemeinde zu Berlin, bearbeitet von Regina Borgmann, Jörg Kuhn, Fiona Laudamus, Klaus von Krosigk und Wolfgang Gottschalk, Berlin 2011, S. 50, Nr. 30 (Autor: Jörg Kuhn)

Weblinks

 Wolf Netter & Jacobi Collection, Leo-Baeck-Institute
 Wolf Netter & Jacobi Collection 1895–1993 Bulk: 1895–1954 Digitalisate aus der Sammlung auf Internet Archive, Band 1 (Box 1, Folder 1 – Box 2, Folder 2)
 Wolf Netter & Jacobi Collection 1895–1993 Bulk: 1895–1954 Digitalisate aus der Sammlung auf Internet Archive, Band 2 (Box 2, Folder 3–7)

Einzelnachweise

Judentum in Bühl (Baden)
Person des Judentums (Berlin)
Unternehmer (Deutschland)
Unternehmer (Montanindustrie)
Freimaurer (20. Jahrhundert)
Freimaurer (Deutschland)
Mäzen
Ehrendoktor der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
Ehrenbürger von Bühl (Baden)
Deutscher
Geboren 1864
Gestorben 1922
Mann


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Q: Limiting the number of map overlays depending on the zoom level I have over 5000 overlay items that I'd like to potentially display on my map.
What I need is a way of adding only the ones that are relevant to the current location and zoom level. And obviously adding or removing items as the map area or zoom changes.
Is there any way of handling this without attempting to add them all at once?

A: Well...im adding my overlays using the draw() method. If you are also using this method to add your overlays then you can simply cover any overlay in this method with an if statement having the condition:
mapView.getZoomLevel > yourMinimumLevel. Since draw() is called each time the map is dragged or zoomed, it will remove your overlay if the zoom level condition is not satisfied..
Hope this helps.. :)