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Three Cheers for 30 Years of The Scotch Whisky Experience
The Scotch Whisky Experience is toasting 30 years as Edinburgh's finest whisky visitor attraction with the creation of a new and exclusive bottled blend and some special events.
Since opening in 1988, the five-star Royal Mile attraction has welcomed 6.8 million whisky fans through its doors, who have sampled a whopping 8 million drams.
Now, it has released the unique 30 year old Scotch to commemorate three decades of whisky tourism in the capital. The blend is limited to only 550 bottles, each individually numbered and visitors undertaking the Platinum Whisky Tour over the coming months will have the exclusive opportunity to sample it.
In addition to the celebratory bottling, a series of events will also be running throughout the month of May. These kick off this Saturday 5th – the official anniversary of the attraction's opening – when visitors who were also born on May 5th will be treated to a free Silver whisky tour.
During May, the bar within the Amber restaurant will be offering a unique flight of four whiskies, including one from each decade over the last 30 years. This will include the Scotch Whisky Experience's own limited edition anniversary 30 year old whisky, Balblair 1991, Glenrothes 2001 and Benromach Organic 2010.
At the end of May, two special members of the team general manager, Susan Morrison and head of technical, Dave Wilson who have worked at the attraction since it opened 30 years ago, will be hiding a time capsule in the attics of the building which was originally built as Edinburgh's Castlehill Primary School. This will include a photo of the 90-strong team and a commemorative message in an empty bottle of the new blend.
A visit by local MSP Ruth Davidson will also be taking place later this month.
Susan Morrison, director and general manager at The Scotch Whisky Experience, said: "This is a huge milestone for us at SWE and we wanted to do something truly special to commemorate.
"We pride ourselves on providing a unique experience for all our guests, whether it's a whisky tasting or blending session, or an intimate private dining experience, and we have had a huge amount of success over the past three decades.
"It's incredible to think that we have shared some of world's best whiskies with 6.8 million visitors from all around the globe in the past thirty years and we are very excited to see what the next thirty will bring."
Since 2009, the Scotch Whisky Experience has undergone £8m worth of upgrades across all departments, which has included incorporating the priceless Diageo Claive Vidiz Scotch Whisky Collection - 3,384 historic bottles of whisky glowing within a marble and glass vault.
At the beginning of this year, the attraction launched tours in British and American Sign Languages – the first attraction in Edinburgh to do so. The addition means SWE now offers whisky tours in a total of 20 languages.
About Whisky
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Scotch Whisky Experience, 354 Castlehill, The Royal Mile, Edinburgh, EH1 2NE
Telephone: +44 (0)131 220 0441www.scotchwhiskyexperience.co.uk
© Scotch Whisky Experience


Financial Wellness: Should You Take Money Advice at Work?
Health wellness programs at work are so 20th century. Financial wellness programs are the new buzzy employee benefit, and if your employer isn't offering one yet, it may soon.
In a new survey of 250 employers by the Aon Hewitt benefits consulting firm, 93% of the firms said they plan to focus more on financial wellness for employees in 2015 in ways extending beyond retirement decisions.
If employees are doing better financially and feeling less stressed about money, financial-wellness proponents say, they'll also be more productive at work and more likely to stay (or more likely to feel confident enough about their finances to retire).
Do Financial Wellness Programs Work?
But do financial wellness programs really have their intended effects? And should you take financial advice from your employer? The answer to both: Maybe.
But the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), among others, seems fairly confident that financial wellness programs can pay off for all concerned.
Vernon, a Consulting Research Scholar in the Financial Security Division of the Stanford Center on Longevity and an actuary, isn't so sure.
"Health wellness programs have made a pretty big business case that making employees healthier flows to the employer's bottom line. But the case for financial wellness isn't quite as clear," he said.
What Is a Financial Wellness Program, Anyway?
One reason: As the CFPB report noted, "There is no single, agreed-upon definition" of what a financial wellness program is.
Nor is there agreement on the best way to administer one. Group sessions talking about better budgeting and debt management? One-on-ones offering advice on which of the 401(k) plan accounts are most appropriate for investing? Online tools helping you estimate how much to save for retirement? Some combination?
Another potential problem, according to the CFPB: "Employees may be reluctant to discuss embarrassing financial information with coworkers or even with contractors hired by an employer to deliver financial education unless it becomes more of an ingrained part of the workplace culture." And some employers worry they could incur legal liability if they endorse or partner with financial wellness firms.
Vernon said he has seen some compelling evidence from financial wellness consultants that people who take advantage of the programs save more in 401(k)s than those who don't, because they've learned how to free up more money in their budget.
"Anything that moves the needle in getting people to save more is a good thing," he said.
But Vernon isn't convinced financial wellness programs can do much to help pre-retirees with some of the thorniest financial issues they face, such as when to start claiming Social Security and how to use savings to generate retirement income in retirement.
And employees need to understand that firms hired by their employers to offer financial advice may have vested interests.
I spoke with Michael Case Smith, Managing Director of Edge 401(k) Funds, a new Winter Park, Fla. firm employers are hiring to offer employees financial advice. "Behavioral finance studies show that the great majority of people will not act on their own, but will make progress when contacted and invited to participate by a trusted source," he said.
I'm down with that. And I like Edge 401(k)'s program to offer free bread-and-butter advice about things such as credit scores, emergency savings and insurance.
1. Ask yourself: What's in it for the financial wellness company? "How is that person going to be compensated?" said Austin.
2. And determine the expertise of the person or firm offering the financial advice. "Is it the floor manager's next door neighbor who happens to be a financial planner looking to get more clients? If so, I may be a little more cynical as an employee," Austin added.
The Stanford Center on Longevity has launched a year-long research project on how to design financial wellness programs that will be useful to employees and employers. I'll report back when the results are in.


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Parkdale is a mature, inner city neighbourhood in the city of Calgary, Alberta along the north bank of the Bow River between the communities of West Hillhurst and Point McKay. It is bounded on the south by the Bow River, 28 St NW to the east, Shaganappi Trail NW to the west and on the north by 16th Avenue. Parkdale is in close proximity to both the Foothills Medical Centre and the Alberta Children's Hospital constructed in 2006, as well as the University of Calgary. Memorial Drive provides access to downtown Calgary and to Highway 1 which leads to the Rocky Mountains. Parkdale was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 when Calgary began to experience a "major economic and building boom." The boom ended in 1913 and further development of the Parkdale Addition as it was called, was halted because of World War I. Following World War II in the 1950s the dominant housing type that characterized Parkdale, was the bungalow. By 2014 Parkdale, like other inner city communities in Calgary, was experiencing gradual gentrification with small cottage-style bungalows being replaced by spacious flat roofed, Prairie School Frank Lloyd Wright inspired infills attracting young families with children away from the long commute suburbs to inner city ease of access to downtown, transit and work.

It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 7 councillor, Terry Wong, who is serving his first term after being elected in 2021.

History

In 1910, when Calgary was in a period of growth, Parkdale was annexed. By 1911 two streetcar lines provided access to the sparsely populated Parkdale community. The Bowness streetcar line went from Centre Street through Parkdale to Bowness and the Grand Trunk line, and the Parkdale-Hillhurst cars had its terminal at the Parkdale loop on 34th Street N.W. On 7 March 1911 Alfred S. McKay with Parkdale's pioneer real-estate developers, Scott and Hartronft, created a subdivision known at the time as Parkdale Addition, in the area between 29th Street N.W. and 37th Street N.W. They envisioned a subdivision for Calgary's professional class on the streetcar lines. Between 1911 and 1913 they built six houses along the north side of Parkdale Boulevard including the Craftsman style Betz and Withrow residences — heritage houses with character that contribute to the historic residential streetscape. McKay and his partners also built five upscale, larger brick homes on 37th Street N.W., some of which are also heritage homes.

According to Parkdale's resident historian, Marcel Hebert, by 1912, there were approximately 12 houses/farms located in Parkdale as farmers began to homestead there. One of the earliest Parkdale houses which was built in 1910, was a farm house that is still occupied by the original intergenerational family on 35th street NW.

According to Parkdale resident and author Robert M. Stamp, in April 1950 surveyor "R.M. McCutcheon trod through the grassy field on the north bank of the Bow River" in Parkdale and blocked out lots. They were about 45 to 48 feet wide and 108 to 120 in length. Nu-West Homes Ltd. built the standard story and a half Wartime Housing Models.  During World War II homes built known as Victory Housing emerged in suburbs in several Canadian cities and towns to provide housing for workers in factories supplying items for WWII. Victory Housing employed a cheap and simple design meant for temporary use. After the war many of these houses were maintained (and many remain into the twenty-first century), but newer versions improved on the basic format. During the 1950s Keith Construction built 130 homes in Parkdale and Parkdale Addition. By 1951 13 of the new homes were inhabited.

In 1952 the Calgary Board of Education opened the 15-room spacious, modern and bright Parkdale Elementary School in 1952. It was the "largest of four schools opened by the Calgary School Board that year." In a Calgary Herald October 6, 1952 article, Parkdale was described as being located "on the Western outskirts of Calgary" in "one of the new and rapidly populating districts of Calgary." Along with the new school, city planners land use development in the 1950s also included the Parkdale Crescent for local businesses and recreational green space (in what is now the Parkdale Community Association complex where the Parkdale Community Garden and Gathering Place is located).

 Calgary experienced another major economic and building boom from 1972 to 1982. The city's economy grew when oil prices increased with the Arab Oil Embargo. In 1971 the city's population was 403,000. By 1989 it was 675,000; in 2007 it reached 1,020,000 and in 2014 it reached 1,419,800.

The Point McKay upscale condominium development was built in the 1970s to the east of Parkdale, replacing the Cinema Park Drive-In movie theatre.

In the 1980s the city of Calgary proposed the construction of a six-lane highway along the north side of the Bow River in Parkdale. The community was able to prevent it. The jogging and bike path were upgraded, a section of the Bow River pathway. By 2014 the citywide extensive Bow River pathway includes a popular loop that runs through Parkdale and includes the Peace Bridge to the east and the Harry Booth bridge in Point McKay to Edworthy Park.

By 2014 Everyday Tourist, Richard White, described how Parkdale and other inner city communities in Calgary, "are experiencing gradual redevelopment as old 600-square foot cottages are being torn down and replaced by either single family homes, duplexes or, if a developer can assemble enough land row housing, or in sometimes small condo projects." White argues that the newer, larger homes attract families with children which means that inner city schools, recreation and community centres become viable again and that "each new infill home will generate approximately $5,000/year more in taxes than the tiny cottage home." Indeed, Parkdale Elementary School, which was closed by the Calgary school board in 2002, reopened as an elementary school when Westmount Charter School moved its campus there in 2011. White claims that by 2014 in Calgary's inner city communities (like Parkdale), "new duplex homes cost $750,000+ and new single-family homes start at $1.2 million and condos are the new urban cottage with 600 square foot units starting at $300,000." White also argues that "while housing prices have increased, most of Calgary's inner city communities have not seen the upscale retail and restaurant development usually associated with gentrification." For example, despite all of the development in Parkdale, they still have its "Lazy Loaf block," referring to Parkdale Crescent, a local commercial site included in the 1950s City planning direction.

Parkdale Community Heritage Inventory

In 2008 the City of Calgary and the Parkdale Community Association Heritage Subcommittee initiated the Parkdale Community Heritage Inventory which identified ten places in Parkdale for inclusion on the City of Calgary's Inventory of Historic Resources. They also noted 28 additional resources with "potential heritage value for reasons of natural history, archaeological potential, historical and/or architectural merit" that were recommended for inclusion on Calgary's Inventory of Evaluated Historic Resources.

Green spaces

The Bow River "riverfront runs the length of the entire Parkdale community and is the most significant green space in the community." By the 1950s city planners had included recreational green space in plans for Parkdale land use. The land set aside is where the Parkdale Community Association building, Parkdale Community Centre Playground — a baseball diamond, rink and the Parkdale Garden and Gathering Place is now located. The Garden hosts events such as the Medieval Fair which was also the Grand Opening in September 2015.

The Parkdale/West Hillhurst Helicopter Playground, located on 5th Avenue and 27th St. NW, has 2 large play structures with 2 slides, a Helicopter climber,  dinosaur climber, a teeter-totter. There is a large grassy area for flying kites and a baseball diamond.

Parkdale Community Association
Parkdale Community Association publishes a Community Newsletter, has a Parkdale Community Garden and Gathering Space, Parkdale Farmers Market and a
Planning and development subcommittee.

Demographics
In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Parkdale had a population of  living in  dwellings compared to 2317 in the 2011 census. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2012.

There are 305 residents in Parkdale who are over 85 years old. Seventy-five per cent of Parkdale residents are younger than 64 compared to 90% in Calgary as whole; 26% of Parkdale residents are 65 years and older compared to 10% in Calgary as whole.

Of the residents 15 speak neither French or English; 11% are bilingual and 5 residents primarily speak French at home. In 2011 93% of Parkdale residents spoke English most often at home compared to 79% in Calgary as a whole and 115 of Parkdale residents representing 6% of the population, spoke another language besides French of English most often at home: 25 spoke Spanish, 10 spoke German, 10 spoke Korean, 10 spoke Persian and 10 spoke Tagalog. In Calgary as a whole 79% of the population speak English as the primary language at home, 1% speak French and 16% another language.

According to the 2011 census 17% of residents were immigrants compared to 13.8% in 2000. In the city of Calgary 28% of the population were immigrants according to the 2011 census. There are 40 residents with aboriginal identity and 320 who are of a visible minority.

Socio-economic information

According to the 2011 short-form census the median total household income (before tax) in Parkdale was $71,335, up from $59,209 in 2000. There are 495 Parkdale households in the top decile of adjusted after-tax family income in 2010 which is 26% of Parkdale's population compared to 20% in Calgary and 10% in Canada. In 2004 there were 13.5% low income residents living in the neighbourhood.  By 2012 "Calgary had the highest median total family income (before tax) of all census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in 2012 at $98,300, according to data derived from personal income tax returns."

Thirty two per cent of households in Parkdale spent 30% or more of total income on shelter in 2010. Housing is considered to be affordable if it is less than 30%.

Housing
The average home selling price increased by 216.79% from a price of $206,109 in 2000 to $652,931 in 2012. Parkdale was one of ten communities in Calgary with the largest spikes in the price of homes. Parkdale and the other nine communities are in areas surrounding the downtown and within the core itself with access to transit, work and the downtown. Parkdale includes sections of the Bow River Pathway System and Parkdale Boulevard and is near Shaganappi and Crowchild Trails.

As of 2014 the population of Parkdale was 2,341 in 933 dwellings all of which were occupied. Of these 48% were single family homes and 57% of the dwellings were occupied by the owners. Sixty two per cent of residents were between the ages of 20–64 years.

In 2011 in Parkdale 37% of dwellings are single detached houses compared to 59% in Calgary as a whole.

In 2004 a proportion of 39.3% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 39.6% of the housing was used for renting.

Parkdale Plaza

In 2009 the City of Calgary began plans for the Parkdale Plaza which opened in 2014 on the Bow River trail at the end of 34A St. NW. The Plaza offers views of the Douglas Fir Trail and Edworthy Park to the south and Calgary's iconic cluster of downtown high rises to the east. It is situated at the outfall of the city's underground stormwater infrastructure that empties into the Bow River. In 2007 Calgary founded the Utilities and Environmental Protection (UEP) Public Art Plan, and this specific site was identified as a possible ceremonial site in the city's Landscape of Memory plan and a 'place-making' opportunity in the Outfalls Project, a significant project in the Calgary's public art plan to highlight its utility infrastructure through art. The city's storm drainage system helps prevent flooding by "diverting rain and snowmelt into the nearest river or creek through curbside drains and underground pipes" and slows down the flow through retention ponds then finally empties into the rivers through outfalls.

A site-specific integrated horizontal sculpture "Outfall" cast from high-performance Ductal™ concrete designed by New York sculptor Brian Tolle, - who worked "close collaboration with the landscape architecture firm of marc boutin architectural collaborative inc." - is an inverted, day-lighted, computer-generated scale-model of Mount Peechee north of Canmore, Alberta which acts as a functional retention pond to hold excess water during heavy rainstorms  while providing a platform so visitors can view the movement of the water. According to a favourable 2002 New York Times review of Tolle's Irish Hunger Memorial in Battery Park City, Tolle's populist postmodern art "exemplifies contemporary art's ability to meet the public's need for meaningful monuments with an appropriateness that may surprise both advocates and opponents of the new."

Prehistory
Just to the west of Parkdale, two buried campsites dating back to dated to 4600 and 4000 BP were uncovered during the construction of McKay Towers in Point McKay, along with more recent tipi rings. There were also two historic sites, a possible Métis encampment and the evidence of an early Chinese settler. Archaeologist Michael Wilson undertook investigations of these sites in 1977 and 1978. In 1973 the province of Alberta passed the Historical Resources Act, prior to which developers were not required to hire archaeologists to survey tracts of land slated for development so there is probability of other archaeological sites in Parkdale that were not investigated. It has been suggested that across the river from "outfall" is a buffalo jump.

See also
List of neighbourhoods in Calgary

References

External links
Parkdale Community Association

Neighbourhoods in Calgary
History of Calgary
1910 in Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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As Colorado Floodwaters Recede The Damage Becomes Clear
This morning's top headline from The Denver Post is encouraging:
"Nature finally cooperates as Colorado floodwaters begin to recede"
According to the Post:
"For the first time since Colorado's historic flooding began last week, nature gave residents and rescuers a rain-free day, allowing emergency crews to bring help to stranded people and helicopters to ferry the willing to safety.
"Thousands of people across a broad swath of the Front Range were still kept out of their homes — or trapped in them — by floodwaters."
But as our colleagues at KUNC report:
"Across Colorado's 17 flood impacted counties there are currently 12,118 people evacuated and 306 unaccounted for, the state's Office of Emergency Management reported Tuesday night. There are 6 confirmed fatalities, and 2 missing and presumed dead in Larimer County.
"The 2 persons missing and presumed dead came from Cedar Cove in the Big Thompson Canyon, where the width of the Big Thompson river has grown significantly in some places."
What's more, says KUNC's Grace Hood, as the waters recede it's becoming clear that it's going to take a long time and lots of money to repair destroyed roads and replace or repair homes and businesses. As we reported Tuesday, it may cost $500 million or so just to repair roads and highways.
Grace posted a Vine video clip of the water and damage along "Highway 34 near the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon." There, as she writes, "piles of wooden debris laced with flip flops, prescription pill bottles and Styrofoam" clutter the area.
KUNC also writes that there's concern about damage that may have been done to the wells in "Colorado's richest oil field."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bibi Ka Maqbara is known as Taj Mahal of Aurangabad or Mini Taj Mahal or Garib ka Taj Mahal (गरीब का ताजमहल ) was built by the Aurangzeb in the late 17th century in the memory of his first wife, Dilras Banu Begum. The monument here is an imitation of the Taj Mahal at Agra. This mausoleum is also termed as 'poor man's Taj Mahal' owing to it being a poor replica of the Taj. The Bibi-Ka-Maqbara is made mostly of sandstone and has plastered walls and a marble dome. However, if the delicacy of work is compared, it falls far short of the glory of the Taj at Agra. Below the tomb, lattice works are in marble. However, the lattice work and inlay decorations of flowers and creepers are beautiful. The Masjid is to the west. A high wall with bastions runs around edifice and the recesses have little minarets. The entrance leads to an arch and from this point, a fine view of the structure ahead may be obtained. The pavement that leads to mausoleum is flanked by oblong reservoirs. The interior decoration has nothing comparable with the great architectural wonder at Agra. Yet a comparison apart, Bibi-ka-Maqbara has its own splendour and grace. It is considered as a fine piece of Moghul architecture in the Deccan region.


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Home›Uncategorized›Volunteering at Hodag Country Fest benefits campers and school
Volunteering at Hodag Country Fest benefits campers and school
Watching the steady stream of visitors flood into the Hodag Country Music Festival grounds brings little doubt they are a bunch of happy campers. Literally.
This past week, campers and RVs of every size, color and configuration were pouring into the Hodag Festival grounds.
"We have more than 5,000 campers that come to the Hodag Festival," said an event coordinator, "and it keeps growing every year."
And that's just fine with Rhinelander Athletic Booster Club volunteers. Members of this organization have been directing and helping campers who come to this popular country music festival for the last 12 years, along with the Soccer Club. It's a good deal for everyone involved, too.
"The arrangement we have worked out with Dawn Eckert, Gerry Van Harpen and Dixie Nieuwenhuis, who own the grounds, is a win-win for everyone," said Dan Millot, a physical education teacher at Rhinelander High School (RHS), a soccer coach and the camper volunteer coordinator. "It's a great fundraiser for a lot of the programs at RHS, but it's also a lot of fun for the parents and supporters."
The arrangement works like this: Parents of students, or anyone who wants to volunteer, help out at the camping station. The event coordinators donate so much money for this service and the volunteers then donate back their time in monetary value to any activity at RHS.
"Volunteers can choose what program they want to donate to," said Dan. "Of course, I donate to the soccer program but any activity is eligible." The money has been used to purchase uniforms, for bussing expenses to athletic games, resurfacing tennis courts, mock trial expenses and other needed items for any extracurricular activity over the years.
In addition, if a volunteer works at least 22 hours during the week (the camping station is open 24/7), he or she gets a free pass to the country music festival.
There are between 70 and 75 volunteers who take advantage of this opportunity. In addition, the volunteers get to camp in the "Elk's Pen," a premier location on the grounds.
"Over the years, the volunteers have become closer and closer," said Dan. "It's like a big family now."
And that's certainly true for Roger and Lori Hatlen. Roger is a math teacher at RHS and Lori teaches science. They have three children, two of whom have graduated. They've been volunteering at the camping station for 13 years.
"It's really a lot of fun," said Roger. "We've made many friends over the years with the people who have volunteered here and we look forward to seeing them every year."
Besides just local volunteers, the opportunity to enjoy some good camaraderie and live country music also entices people from all over the state to help out.
Greg Lederhaus from Appleton was busy checking passes of incoming campers last week during his shift. "I really look forward to coming to Country Fest," he said. "I don't mind at all volunteering. The people are great and everyone is happy."
The duties of the camping volunteers varies throughout the festival and they start long before anyone even enters the gates. First, volunteers must stake out each and every campsite. This is done by high school kids.
"We don't let the kids volunteer during the festival," said Dan. "But they do a lot of the prep work."
The wooden stakes have a particular paint color on their tip, and also a number. And each site is precisely measured out. When a visitor comes in, a camping volunteer directs them to where they will find their spot. While traffic poured in steadily last Tuesday, it really starts to pick up by Wednesday and then again on Friday.
"There's a lot of people that come here every year and make this week their vacation," said Dan. "Many are here all week long."
Of course, it's only natural with that many people camping in such close proximity that problems are bound to pop up. "One of the things we have seen over the years is that campers are getting bigger and bigger," Dan said. "That means the camping area of a spot diminishes, which can cause turf wars. Many times we have to tell people to move their camper this way or that because they are overflowing into another site."
Camping station volunteers frequently head out in pairs in golf carts to man the camp grounds. Their primary concern is maintaining fire lanes and making sure everyone is being safe.
"It's pretty much a non-stop party, so you don't want to squash anyone's fun and yet we don't want anyone getting hurt," Dan said. "Safety is number one."
The volunteers also become impromptu Rhinelander ambassadors. "People are always coming up and asking questions about Rhinelander, like where to go for a good meal or sightseeing destinations," Dan said. "We're always happy to help them out."
Another favorite pastime for the volunteers is just sitting back and watching people. "I've seen some pretty wild stuff, stuff you can't really print in a newspaper," laughed Dan. "But it is fun watching how the campers decorate their spots and they play some pretty wild games at their sites, which just makes the whole experience all that more fun."
There's no doubt the volunteers enjoy their time, and fantastic camaraderie, while they help out at this giant music festival, but deep down their primary goal is to help assist kids and their families.
"This is such a win-win situation for everyone involved," said Dan, "and we feel very grateful we have this opportunity."
Rhinelander Little League All-Stars notch pair of ...
By Tom Vanaugh (Gallery: 130628703)


The Enabled property, much like ParticleEmitter/Enabled, determines whether flame particles are emit. Any particles already emit will continue to render until their lifetime expires. This property is useful for keeping pre-made fire effects off until they are needed later. Since flame particles are destroyed when the Fire object's Instance/Parent is set to nil, this property is useful in allowing existing particles the opportunity to expire before destroying the Fire object altogether. See the function below.
This code sample allows a player to click the parent BasePart to toggle a fire effect.
When run, ClickDetector, Fire and PointLight objects are added to the part. Upon clicking the part, the Fire and PointLight should toggle on or off.


text:
package fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.v2.configure;

import static fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.common.ThymeleafConstants.DEFAULT_THYMELEAF_SMS_CONFIGURER_PRIORITY;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.MessagingBuilder;
import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.configurer.ConfigurerFor;
import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.configurer.DefaultMessagingConfigurer;
import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.context.BuildContext;
import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.resolution.ResourceResolutionBuilder;
import fr.sii.ogham.core.util.ClasspathUtils;
import fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.common.buider.AbstractThymeleafBuilder;
import fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.common.configure.AbstractDefaultThymeleafSmsConfigurer;
import fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.v2.ThymeleafV2TemplateDetector;
import fr.sii.ogham.template.thymeleaf.v2.buider.ThymeleafV2SmsBuilder;

/**
 * Default configurer for Thymeleaf template engine that is automatically
 * applied every time a {@link MessagingBuilder} instance is created through
 * {@link MessagingBuilder#standard()} or {@link MessagingBuilder#minimal()}.
 *
 *

 * The configurer has a priority of 70000 in order to be applied after global
 * configurer but before any sender implementation.
 *

 *
 * This configurer is applied only if {@code org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine} is
 * present in the classpath. If not present, template engine is not registered
 * at all.
 *
 *

 * This configurer inherits environment configuration (see
 * {@link BuildContext}).
 *

 *

 * It also copies resource resolution configuration of
 * {@link DefaultMessagingConfigurer} to inherit resource resolution lookups
 * (see {@link ResourceResolutionBuilder}).
 *

 *
 *

 * This configurer applies the following configuration:
 *

 *
Configures template prefix/suffix paths:
 *

 *
Uses the first property that has a value for classpath resolution prefix:
 *

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.classpath.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.classpath.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.template.path-prefix"

 *

 *

 *
Uses the first property that has a value for classpath resolution suffix:
 *

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.classpath.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.classpath.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.template.path-suffix"

 *

 *

 *
Uses the first property that has a value for file resolution prefix:
 *

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.file.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.file.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.path-prefix"

 *
"ogham.template.path-prefix"

 *

 *

 *
Uses the first property that has a value for file resolution suffix:
 *

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.file.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.file.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.thymeleaf.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.sms.template.path-suffix"

 *
"ogham.template.path-suffix"

 *

 *

 *

 *

 *
Configures template detection:
 *

 *
Uses {@link ThymeleafV2TemplateDetector} to detect if templates are
 * parseable by Thymeleaf

 *

 *

 *

 *
 * @author Aurélien Baudet
 *
 */
public final class DefaultThymeleafV2SmsConfigurer {
	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultThymeleafV2SmsConfigurer.class);

	@ConfigurerFor(targetedBuilder = { "minimal", "standard" }, priority = DEFAULT_THYMELEAF_SMS_CONFIGURER_PRIORITY)
	public static class ThymeleafV2SmsConfigurer extends AbstractDefaultThymeleafSmsConfigurer {
		public ThymeleafV2SmsConfigurer() {
			super(LOG);
		}

		@Override
		protected boolean canUseThymeleaf() {
			return canUseThymeleafV2();
		}

		@Override
		protected Class<? extends AbstractThymeleafBuilder<?, ?, ?>> getBuilderClass() {
			return ThymeleafV2SmsBuilder.class;
		}

		private static boolean canUseThymeleafV2() {
			return ClasspathUtils.exists("org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine") && !ClasspathUtils.exists("org.thymeleaf.IEngineConfiguration");
		}
	}

	private DefaultThymeleafV2SmsConfigurer() {
		super();
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Natural Farmer
The Newspaper of the Northeast Organic Farming Association
TNF in PDF format
Seeking Content for The Natural Farmer!
Rethinking The Invasive Species Paradigm
By Jono Neiger ·
Where are camels native to? In answering this, you might have four different responses; and they might all be right. Camels are native to:
1. The first place you think of when you hear the word 'camel' i.e. the Middle East (Arabian camel)
2. In North America, where they first evolved, lived for tens of millions of years, achieved their greatest diversity, and where they became extinct only recently.
3. In South America, where they retain their greatest diversity (llama, alpaca, vicuña, guanaco) or
4. In Australia, where the world's only truly wild (not domesticated) dromedaries now occur. (feral dromedary and Bactrian camels).
Depending on your criteria for native; where they evolved, where they've been the longest, where they are most numerous, or where they are still a "wild" non-domesticated population, you might answer the question, "Where are camels native to?" differently.
"The discussion about native plants encompasses a remarkable mixture of sound biology, invalid ideas, false extensions, ethical implications, and political usages."
Steven Jay Gould, evolutionary biologist, writer, Harvard University, Natural History Museum NYC
An Evolutionary Perspective on Strengths, Fallacies, and Confusions in the Concept of Native Plants. S.J. Gould. Arnoldia, Spring 1998. (Quarterly magazine of Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University)
"There is no biological criterion on which to judge a priori the smaller or greater value of one species against that of another." Lugo, in Biodiversity, E.O. Wilson ed.
You walk through the wood edge of the local park, farm, or neighborhood trail. You see the rampant undergrowth of shrubs with spiny stems and small red berries. Many people have taken an instinctive reaction to these barberry bushes and liken them to invaders on the land that are harming the native species there.
We've been hearing for many years about the danger of invasive species. They're everywhere and causing widespread harm to the environment. And yet, we understand that nature is hugely complex and its hard to grasp all that's going on with species interactions and besides…everything is changing with all the damage humans are causing to the environment…
The issue of invasive species has permeated our society to where many people fervently believe there are species taking over, causing widespread harm, and that should be eradicated. But many scientists don't subscribe to these notions but believe that these complex systems are constantly in flux and adapting to the ever present changes. There is no perfection or stability in nature. As they explore the novel ecosystems around us, they ask questions about how they came to be, how they function, and how do they respond to the intense ecosystem changes occurring.
I first came to this issue through my work doing habitat restoration for The Nature Conservancy in the 1990's. Much of what we did was amazing; replanting forests in flood-prone agricultural land along the Sacramento River in the Central Valley of California. We planted thousands of trees and shrubs. We had a large staff, hundreds of volunteers, and an ecosystem restoration education program. But we also used techniques that continued to disturb the system even as we tried to repair it. We sprayed Roundup with tractor boom sprayers across many acres. We used heavy equipment, brush hogs, and tractors and tilled the soil, increasing the soil disturbance.
I started to have misgivings about the approaches we used and the war we waged with the ecosystem– to save it. I've come to believe the process of restoration and land management is as important as the result. It turns out that the ends don't justify the means. I look at techniques being used in current land management, farming, and landscape work through that lens. In the work I do on residential properties, community land, farms, campuses, and in urban areas, I look to heal the land, reduce the ongoing disturbance, and to reconnect people to the land and their place on it.
There are many questions that need to be asked about invasion biology and "invasive species" (see sidebar). We need to go into our land work, farming, gardening, with an openness to these questions and a desire to reach new understandings.
Inadequate definitions:
There are currently inadequate definitions for many terms used in the native-invasive debate. A simple definition for Native that gets used often is "A plant or animal that lived in a given area before European colonization". This is a very arbitrary definition. Here's another. "A plant that is a part of the balance of nature that has developed over hundreds or thousands of years in a particular region or ecosystem. "
These definitions are problematic in their ambiguous use of time frames, locations, and vague terms such as "balance of nature" to determine "belonging". The nature of species is to move into new areas. This is part of evolution and what creates diverse ecosystems. These not-measurable definitions do not try to measure anything of direct ecological importance. Why is range/geography in and of itself ecologically essential? Why is a time period of being in a place a definition of nativeness?
So the question arises: which period of time are we talking about as the basis for the snapshot which defines nativity? Why should we choose one time period over another for that snapshot? Shouldn't the definition of "native" apply to all species in all ecosystems if the concept or definition is to be valid, and not apply only to the unique circumstances of the Western hemisphere and its history of European arrival 500 years ago? And how do we know what that species range is or was in 1492, or 1500, or 1600? We have a better idea what ranges were in 1950, when E. Lucy Braun published her findings of the first, most comprehensive look at the plant communities of the eastern half of North America. But that is far too late a date, isn't it, by the definition of native now in use? Are the range maps we refer to compiled using multiple time periods and multiple sources? I have looked at many range maps, and there has never been a date given for when the species was in that range, even though we know that species move far and wide in response to past climate changes.
Some of those movements continue today in response to the melting of the glaciers 15,000 years ago, not to mention our current climate changes. In his excellent book Where Do Camels Belong? Ken Thompson uses the evolution of camels as a query about defining nativeness.
Inflammatory Rhetoric
The media has taken hold of the invasive species issue and run with it. There are many books, articles, fliers, fact sheets, websites, speakers, conferences, journal articles espousing the dangers of invasive species and how to get rid of them. Words like "taking over", "biological pollution", "invaders", "planet of weeds" and "overrunning" are used to describe these newcomer species and what is happening. There is the use of fear to motivate action. A "culture of fear" has developed that even leads people to fear going outside, lest they come into contact with a dangerous invasive species.
Short Time Frames
Ecosystems develop and evolve over hundreds and thousands of years. Trees can live for hundreds of years. Our human time frame of years, decades, and a human lifespan is often too short to really grasp the long timelines of natural systems. Researchers trying to understand invasive species often do studies based on a graduate program or funding cycle of months to several years.
The field of Biogeography is the study of species and ecosystems changes through geologic time and geographic space. Species ranges are a tool to understand where species are located in a given time. A range map is often used to define whether it is native or not. But without a reference to time the idea of range is useless. Species ranges change over very short time frames; sometimes thousands of years and sometimes over hundreds or tens of years. Should we presume that a given species' native range is that of where it was when European settlers came and no more and no less forevermore? Could any ecologist stand by this concept where species ranges don't change over time?
Since the retreat of the most recent glacier in New England, about 15,000 years ago, there have been huge changes to the regional climate as species began colonizing this raw, scraped land. By 10,000 years ago temperatures were close to todays and by 8,000 and 5,000 years ago the climate was even warmer. The northeast region was tundra and boreal forest for thousands of years after the glacial maximum. Pollen studies have revealed an intricate process of plant migration into the region that has changed our understanding of plant community timelines and formation. It is no longer believed (by many ecologists) that plants move as whole ecologies, tightly knit together. Instead organisms migrate at different rates using different routes. Spruce (Picea spp.) were in the region 12,000 years ago. 3,000 years later hardwood forests were assembling with oak, maple, elm, and other species. Hickory arrived only 5,000 years ago and the latecomer Chestnut arrived to New England only 2,000 years ago and came to dominate an already assembled ecosystem. 5,000 years ago hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) experienced a sudden decline in abundance in the region, possibly from a disease outbreak. In 2,000 years it recovered its previous abundance.
Ecological Fitting vs. Coevolution
Many ecologists learned in school that when two species are in cooperation, sharing or utilizing each other in some way that this is a form of "mutualism" or co-evolution; i.e. these species have evolved together over time to develop a connection. An insect utilizing a specific flower, or a fungi-plant interaction are examples of this kind of co-evolved behavior. And thus many people have come to see the ecosystem as a tightly fitting interconnected and interdependent web. The result of this idea is believing that ecosystems are set combinations of specific species and thus brittle and liable to break apart when disturbed.
It turns out that though there are some co-evolved and tightly dependent relations in nature, in the last decades ecologists and researchers have begun to understand ecosystems as much more fluid and adaptable. One researcher who pioneered this understanding is Daniel Jantzen who coined the term "ecological fitting" in 1980, for "the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition." In this view, nature is a fluid system constantly changing, mixing, and adapting. Species come. Species go. Often in largely random ways over short and long periods of time.
Janzen came to his idea of ecological fitting while working in Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste province, Costa Rica. He observed that the Guanacaste tree, the national tree of CR and vitally important to the tropical drylands, was not reproducing. The seeds would pile up and there was limited reproduction due to the lack of seed dispersers; herbivores that could eat and spread the seed. The previous dispersers were the ground sloths, camels, ancient horses and others that disappeared during the megafauna dieoff approximately 10,000-15,000 years ago (probably from climate change, human overkill- or a combination of both). Janzen surmised that the ecosystem lacked a seed dispersal herbivore to replace the lost megafauna. His solution was to reintroduce the modern horse into Santa Rosa National Park, a controversial approach in conservation circles where purity of species introductions is paramount. Bringing in a domesticated and non-native species (though originally evolved on the continent) was ecological heresy. It turns out that the European horse was a perfect surrogate for eating the fruit pulp without chewing the seeds and depositing them on the landscape where they could establish.
In Janzen and other researchers' and conservationists' view, species combinations are constantly under change, there's no fixed formula. Across a landscape there's often a gradation of species mix with no break between combinations. The idea of a climax forest or ecosystem has been debunked as it's become clear there's no settled arrangement, often there's a large dose of chance of which seedling is there when a storm takes down a large tree, or the seed mix in the soil after a fire comes through.
Relatedly, the idea of ecosystems as complete and full is just as erroneous. New species often find space within an ecosystem and there is no "one species in—one species out" kind of trade off. Study of island biogeography and ecosystem dynamics has shown that many more species can arrive and find niches without the loss of other species.
Novel ecosystems
Seed dispersers, needed to help these Guanacaste tree seeds reproduce, had disappeared until the horse was introduced.
These new combinations of species have been given the name novel ecosystems. They are a hallmark of the Anthropocene; ecosystems altered in some way by humans and they now cover as much as a third of the planet, In nature there is no judgement of the players as good or bad, belonging or not…everyone finds their way, their place, or moves on. The study of novel ecosystems is increasing as scientists try to understand these new ecologies and how they adapt and evolve. There is growing evidence that the increase in new species combinations will lead to a burst in evolution, hybridization, and speciation. It is a brave new world that we're headed into.
"Sure, species move and the ecosystem is changing… but some super aggressive species are "taking over", pushing out other species, and causing a lot of damage to the environment"
And here we get to the crux of the issue. We don't mind some of the plants and animals coming in, but its those few that are really causing the problem; bittersweet, Japanese knotweed, mile-a minute vine, barberry, black locust, and the list goes on. The claim is harm and taking over by these newcomers, but is there evidence? Is there more than the anecdotal idea we get when we see a species growing aggressively and expanding into our yard, woodland, or field? Is a species causing harm by this expansive growth? Is it causing harm by existing in a place and taking up space?
Idea of Harm
Much of the harm that many people experience is a very subjective and arbitrary one. Where people have decided they don't like a plant or animal, "it's invasive" is a reason to dislike and remove it. Its mere presence is seen as causing harm. Wild nature, out of our control, is not something modern human society has allowed. Sometimes it doesn't even need to be a newly arrived species. Poison ivy, grapes, sumac, dandelions, and others can be considered invasive as well. A sad offshoot of this is that children and many people see nature as dangerous; a place where there are bad plants and animals hurting the environment and they may hurt you or your children. We are moving into a period where people are losing their nature connection, and casting some nature as good, and some nature as bad is just feeding this nature disconnect.
One commonly used statistic of invasive species harm is "invasive species are the 2nd leading cause of species extinctions". This is a factoid from a scientific paper by David Wilcove "Quantifying Threats to Imperiled Species in the United States" printed in the journal BioScience in 1998. This widely cited paper was in fact based on anecdotal and observational accounts by land managers, using limited data. It also included Hawaii, which is a very distinct situation, being an island with species evolved in isolation and then centuries of introductions by humans. The authors expressed the limitations of the data and yet the idea that "invasive species are the 2nd leading cause of extinctions" has gained a life of its own and is repeated often without reference to the source or limitations. A Canadian assessment in 2006 found that invasive species were the least of all factors considered. The biggest factor? Disturbance and removal of habitat by humans.
Harm can also be quantified monetarily. One widely quoted amount comes from a study done by David Pimental, a Cornell professor, in a paper published in 2005. He calculated that invasive species cost the US $120 billion dollars a year. This number is large enough to move federal bureaucracies and research institutions to fund removal campaigns, research, and a massive education campaign against these invaders. Unfortunately when one looks closely at the calculations to get to $120 billion per year it stretches reason and heads quickly towards the absurd and misleading. It includes:
– Crop losses in agriculture (mostly nonnative crops) from weeds ($24 billion/yr).
– Herbicides used in U.S. agriculture ($4 billion/yr).
– Control of species in lawns, gardens and golf courses including pesticides and herbicide use. ($1.5 billion/yr)
– Forage losses and "weed" control on overgrazed range and pasture ($6 billion/yr).
– Cost of domestic cats in damage to U.S. bird population. ($17 billion/yr).
Many of the costs are to industry, including the cost to companies to keep waste outlet pipes heading into waterbodies from getting clogged by zebra mussels. The benefits of these newcomer species aren't part of the calculation. For instance those zebra mussels clogging the industrial pipes also have been cleaning the Great Lakes and other waterways of human-caused pollution, leading to cleaned up waters (they are filter feeders) and a return of many sport fishing species and commensurate return in the sport fisheries industry.
Scientific literature — what are scientists saying?
The conservation and research community is slowly coming around to question the dominant ideas around invasive species. There are reviews looking at bias in scientific studies of invasives, studies of the "real" impact of invasives, and studies of the benefits of these new arrivals. One particular thread is to tease apart whether invasives are the "drivers" or "passengers" of change in ecosystems. Several of these studies have identified, among the complex interactions going on, that invasives often ride in on the changes in ecosystems that we humans have initiated. Its not surprising, but for several decades now, scientists have worked from the presumption of harm, and research has looked to confirm that and focus on methods to remove species.
Reassessing Specific Cases/Species
Tamarisk in flower in April in Galacia, Spain
Its coming to light that many of the species accused of egregious harm are guiltless and even are bring benefits to landscapes they are in.
A classic case of this is tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), a shrub introduced into arid southeastern landscapes in the 19th century. They were initially welcomed as an ornamental, and a drought-resistant shade tree. In the 1930's as drought swept through Arizona, Central New Mexico, and West Texas and they were branded as "water thieves" and then after WWII as nonnative invaders salting the water. For 70 years they were the object of an intensive removal campaign using bulldozers, chains, herbicides at the cost of tens of millions of public dollars. In the last few years ecologists have found that they utilize water at the same rate as other riparian species and do not add additional salt. (Stromberg, 2009) They are also the preferential nesting habitat of the endangered Southwestern willow flycatcher. This species is surviving and thriving under the vastly changed water regimes in the altered southwestern landscapes. Shouldn't we recognize that tamarisk has a place as part of restoring those places?
A nitrogen fixer, this black locust tree has wood which is a homesteader's dream.
Its sale is also outlawed in some places.
Closer to home, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is accused of being a non-native invader. This suckering, nitrogen-fixing tree was certainly here in the region before the last glaciation pushed it out, and was moving steadily northward. Range maps from mid 20th century show it as being in present day Pennsylvania, but unfortunately not within the borders of Massachusetts and so suspect as a problem newcomer. The label non-native invader comes from its propensity, primarily in the sandy soils of Southeast MA and Cape Cod, to spread readily, utilizing its ability to fix nitrogen to colonize the depleted soils; depleted from the land clearing, grazing, and farming activities of people since the earlier human colonists came some 500 years ago. Black locust trees repair the land and bring back fertility through their tenacious growth and nitrogen fixation. They are one of the most resilient and multi-functional trees in the region, providing rot resistant post wood, pollinator support, fodder, high btu firewood etc — but they are outlawed for sale or distribution in Massachusetts. Earlier settlers through much of the last century relied on these regional resources. The USDA Silvics Manual Vol 2 (1990) outlines the many current and historic uses for black locust: "It is used for fence posts, mine timbers, poles, railroad ties, insulator pins, ship timber, wooden ship construction, boxes, crates, pegs, stakes, and novelties…. Black locust is widely planted…for erosion control, reclamation of drastically disturbed sites, windbreaks, nurse crops, amelioration of sites, honey production, and ornamental use." Society has changed and so has our preferences for the plants around us, but this tree is certainly high on my "best trees" list.
What do we do? How can we change our relationship with the world around us and not be drawn into fighting nature itself? In the work I do with landowners we look for ways to meet their goals while restoring and regenerating the land. Each person is different and can try out different practices like tree planting, selective thinning in woodlands, changes to mowing management and rebuilding soil with compost, microbial inoculation, and encouraging pollinator support plants.
• Incorporate change- Don't stop the flow
Our work on the land needs to work with ecological processes. In the martial art aikido, incoming energy is transformed and redirected, not blocked. The work we do must be earth aikido. There is a temptation to begin fighting the species that arrive with herbicides or pesticides and causing further disturbance and disruption.
Understand the current patterns and flows on the land and adapt your practices to be more in line with that. i.e. change your vegetation management (mowing, weeding, clearing), water and soil management.
• Learn to Live with Them
These new species, naturalized and in many cases already here for centuries, aren't leaving. We can learn to live with them. When taking a walk or working on the land, notice your reaction to plants; do you feel anger towards these new arrivals? What is coming up inside you like concern for the environment, or concern for the future? And how are these plants and animals part of that concern? How can we transition from anger and pain to healing and forgiveness?
These new combinations of species, our "novel ecosystems," are responding to ecosystems changes. Long-standing species are behaving differently with new conditions. Lets explore them. Celebrate the new connections being made.
• Understand the context of where you're working
Wherever we live and work we need to deeply investigate the history of the land. We need to understand past disturbances, like fire or storm events, successional changes, species arrival, changes to hydrology, terrain and air flows. Human changes are often intertwined with the ecological trajectory, particularly the disturbance history. What kind of changes have humans made and how has the land been managed, altered, or disrupted?
Here in New England, there have been centuries of human disturbance. Layers of land clearing, acid rain, fire suppression, forestry, grazing, farming, and more recently development and urbanization have left an utterly changed ecosystem. On a landscape scale, the activities that have left places degraded can sometimes be used to reverse the damage. For instance overgrazed land might be restored by intensive mob grazing. Thinning woods, managing brush, and tree planting can reverse high grading or clear cut management.
More Plants with Multiple Values
Many "invasive species" are actually super beneficial for habitat, ecosystem functions, and food or medicine. Here are two examples:
Autumn Olive, Russian Olive, Goumi (Eleagnus spp.)
• Introduced for soil stabilization, ornamental, wildlife value.
• Fixes nitrogen, hardy, drought tolerant, few pests/diseases, disturbance adapted.
• Used to reclaim strip-mined land, wildlife habitat.
• Delectable fruit high in lycopenes (cancer reducing compounds: 6-20x the levels in tomatoes; Fordham, 2001). High in vitamins A, C, E, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids.
Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
• Introduced as an ornamental in late 1800's.
• 2,000 year medicinal history in Asia.
• Edible shoots, high in resveratrol, anti-Lyme, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial compounds.
(Buhner, Healing Lyme, 2005)
" Man (sic) is part of nature, and his war against nature is, inevitably, a war against himself."
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962
Reducing the ongoing disturbance should be a priority.
• Urban environments — altered and not going back
Urbanized environments have special conditions to be considered. These environments have long histories of change with altered hydrology, soils, and air. Nothing is like it was in the past and the idea of bringing it back to some past condition is a nostalgic notion and unrealistic. A vacant lot in downtown Lowell, MA will not become the floodplain forest that it once was several hundred years ago before the Merrimack River was channeled and urbanized. What is the best use of the urban Lowell land? What are the ecological functions it can serve where it is, now? How might it serve the residents of the neighborhood and reduce their demands for food, water or other goods from far away? Put the lens of an earth healer and food grower on and a whole world of possibility opens up.
• A sensible policy on native and naturalized species
We need a sensible policy on naturalized species that allows us to pull back from trying to control everywhere. It may be part "learn to live with them" and it may be selective management and removal, recognizing there are specific vulnerable habitats and species that need our intervention, allowing some areas to go through succession, as messy as it looks, and focusing on stabilizing and reducing disturbance.
• Protect and restore diverse, rare, and sensitive ecosystems. Refugia!
There are places that need to be protected and carefully managed. These are locations with rare species, specialized and unique habitats, genetic diversity hotspots, and places where research and conservation is ongoing.
• Create and expand habitat corridors
Connect isolated habitats through corridors that allow dispersal and movement of species. This is essential as climate change requires movement of plants and animals into new areas.
• Restore ecological function
Focus on function and not the name or original location of a species. In this time of stressed ecosystems we need species that are resilient and adaptable. We can assist in development of these resilient and productive ecosystems and communities. Utilize deep sustainability, regenerative approaches, and permaculture design.
• Human-assisted species dispersal in response to habitat loss and climate change
We will need to be active participants in helping species that have become isolated or whose movement can't possibly keep up with the ecosystem changes we're dealing with.
In 2010 my wife Kemper and my young son visited the California restoration project that we worked on in the early 1990's. The forests had grown tall, deer watched us from the brush and woodlands we planted. The Sacramento River flowing nearby had breached its banks and flooded through the fields, cutting side channels and depositing woody debris. It was an affirmation that we can get on the right side of nature and become part of the solution. My son walked those fields with us and, I hope, saw a vision for the future where we can help repair the world around us.
It would be far better to teach people about the rich biodiversity and ecology around them, and to foster an appreciation for all living things, than to hide behind science while pushing pest control agendas that contribute to more loss of habitat and declining biodiversity.
And surely the most insidious and destructive outcome to be avoided is the fostering of human alienation with nature, or a feeling that we are surrounded by an alien and therefore, unnatural, environment.
Fostering a worldview that some species are good while others are bad sets the stage for a nihilistic society that can never be at ease in, or nurtured by, the natural world.
Vivian Parker, California Indian Basketweaver's Association (2002)
Jono Neiger has thirty years experience in conservation, restoration, land stewardship, permaculture, agroforestry and landscape design and planning. Jono was the Land Steward at Lost Valley Educational Center, Oregon, Restoration Ecologist with the Nature Conservancy of California, and Lost Creek Watershed Council Founder and Coordinator. He was faculty at the Conway School of Landscape Design, founding board president of the Permaculture Association of the Northeast, and is a founding partner of the Regenerative Design Group in Greenfield, Massachusetts. He operates Big River Chestnuts, an emerging chestnut agro-forestry in Sunderland, MA.
The History of Invasiveness
We Came Over on the Mayflower, Too!
Invasion of the Turnips:
Climate Change & Wildlife Health:
Invasives are a Threat to Wildlife
Creating Native Plant Corridors for Pollinators
The Eternal Cycle of Succession
Continuing Stewardship:
Thoughts on the Pandemic
Letters to the editor on Invasive Species
Subscription One Year $16 (Us Only)
The Natural Farmer is the newspaper of the Northeast Organic Farming Association (NOFA). It is published quarterly as a 48-page newsprint journal. The paper covers news of the organic movement nationally and internationally, as well as featuring stories about farmers from New England, New York and New Jersey. Each issue contains a 16 to 24 page pull out supplement on a particular crop or topic. The paper also contains how-to-do-it articles suitable for gardeners and homesteaders. $26 for international. Note this is a yearly (reoccuring) charge.
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Thank you for the new feature! I see, though, "answer must be between 0 and 999". This is not true for Physics.
Like everything else, the user submitted problems feature is a work in progress and will continue to evolve. The constraint of integers between 0-999 insures that any problems you submit can be very efficiently integrated into our problem sets. It is also the version that we could make the quickest. If this feature seems popular, we will happily expand the types of answers that can be received so you can write more typical physics problems.
We look forward to reading the problems that all of you submit, and celebrating the contributions of the interesting people that use Brilliant.org.
Don't be shy. Send us a problem that you think is beautiful.
Will we be awarded points for submission?
Yes. As its mentioned you'll be "showered with points"
Yes, we will consider each problem submission on a case by case basis. If we choose to feature a submitted problem, we will assign it a point value based on it's difficulty and then multiply that amount by some factor to be awarded to the author/sharer.
Hello, thank you for the response! Also, one of my problems got selected in a problem set this week, but I didn't get points for it. This is probably because I submitted it to Calvin before this feature was added. Is that why?
If I submitted a problem this week, and it is not featured next week, does that mean it will never be featured?
Hey Zi Song, I'm not sure if mods have seen your previous questions. Why don't you mail the people at Brilliant?
I've missed some small steps in my solution for Problem Contribution, what shall I do?
When will someone reply to our problem? Next Monday?
I've submitted \(\ge 10\) problems last week but no one responded. When will (if selected) our submitted problems being featured? 1 week or more after submission?


text:
'
' News Articles for DotNetNuke -  http://www.dotnetnuke.com
' Copyright (c) 2002-2007
' by Ventrian ( sales@ventrian.com ) ( http://www.ventrian.com )
'

Namespace Ventrian.NewsArticles

    Public Class RatingInfo

#Region " Private Members "

        Dim _ratingID As Integer
        Dim _articleID As Integer
        Dim _userID As Integer
        Dim _createdDate As DateTime
        Dim _rating As Double

#End Region

#Region " Public Properties "

        Public Property RatingID() As Integer
            Get
                Return _ratingID
            End Get
            Set(ByVal Value As Integer)
                _ratingID = Value
            End Set
        End Property

        Public Property ArticleID() As Integer
            Get
                Return _articleID
            End Get
            Set(ByVal Value As Integer)
                _articleID = Value
            End Set
        End Property

        Public Property UserID() As Integer
            Get
                Return _userID
            End Get
            Set(ByVal Value As Integer)
                _userID = Value
            End Set
        End Property

        Public Property CreatedDate() As DateTime
            Get
                Return _createdDate
            End Get
            Set(ByVal Value As DateTime)
                _createdDate = Value
            End Set
        End Property

        Public Property Rating() As Double
            Get
                Return _rating
            End Get
            Set(ByVal Value As Double)
                _rating = Value
            End Set
        End Property

#End Region

    End Class

End Namespace


Due to popular demand, we have added a second Soap Making Workshop in the afternoon!
Save on registration when you sign up as a pair! $65 per guest or $120.25 for two guests. Please note the participants first and last names in the comment box at checkout.


text:
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from caffeine_oauth2.models import CoffeestatsApplication

class CoffeestatsApplicationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = CoffeestatsApplication
        fields = (
            'name', 'description', 'website', 'agree', 'client_type',
            'authorization_grant_type', 'redirect_uris')

    def clean_agree(self):
        agree_value = self.cleaned_data['agree']
        if not agree_value:
            raise ValidationError(
                _('You have to agree to our API usage agreement'),
                code='not_agreed')
        return agree_value

class CoffeestatsApplicationRejectionForm(forms.ModelForm):
    reasoning = forms.CharField(
        min_length=10, max_length=4000, widget=forms.Textarea())

    class Meta:
        model = CoffeestatsApplication
        fields = []

class CoffeestatsApplicationApprovalForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = CoffeestatsApplication
        fields = ['name', 'description', 'website', 'client_type',
                  'authorization_grant_type']


Animal Adventure is proud to partner with Warner Bros. to bring four Looney Tunes animated characters to soft, huggable life. Each cuddly Bugs Bunny™, Daffy™, Tweety™, and Taz™ is sure to deliver laughter and fun for a lifetime. Animal Adventure is excited to share these classic and adorable characters at fine retailers everywhere.


Was our great….great….great….great grandfather an ape? This is the question that this book sets out to answer.
This truly outstanding work is the only book of its kind, and provides a unique insight into the living world. And it will make you think.
Chapter 10. Human fossils: bones of ape bones?
Chapter 12. Chromosomes: Man, the deep end of the ape gene pool?
Chapter 13. Intelligence: did my great...great grandfather think like an ape?
It is taught almost universally that humans have evolved from ape ancestors, and that chimpanzees are our distant cousins. Indeed, many biologists are quite happy to classify themselves as being no more than just another species of chimpanzee.
Certainly, to the casual observer, it might seem quite plausible that a few modifications to the brain, face and body of a chimpanzee could result in a human being. However, the question that needs to be addressed is whether or not such modifications can be achieved by the blind processes of genetic mutations and natural selection.
Look at a speck of dust on the table in front of you.
Given the time span of a few billion years, is it possible for such a particle, being composed only of simple molecules, to rearrange its structure, to join with other simple particles, and to acquire consciousness – ultimately, to peer down on another dust particle and to contemplate its origins?
Yet inherent in the idea of evolution by natural selection is the assumption that not only is this possible, but also that it actually happened.
In other words, spontaneously, without the action of any outside influence whatsoever, simple molecules, dissolved in water, ultimately became living cells. Some of these cells became fishes, some of which became amphibians, some of which became reptiles. Some reptiles became birds and mammals. Some mammals became monkeys, some of which became apes, some of which became you and me.
This book presents the scientific evidence that proves that such a thing is impossible.
In this book, whether discussing dinosaur or bird fossils, muscle fibres or antibiotic resistance, limbless lizards and limbed snakes, or ape and human anatomy, the concept of evolution is addressed logically and purely scientifically, and every subject matter is fully illustrated, including photographs, diagrams, drawings and x-rays.


DETROIT: Something New, Something New……..
Coffee and (____) began life as a pop-up in the West Village neighborhood, it popped-up again last June on Jefferson in the up-and-coming Jeff Chalmers district; the popular coffee shop and bakery has returned to its charming space on Jefferson as a permanent fixture, hooray! Conferring with Angela, the space was built out last year by the Detroit division of the AIA, she has added her own personal touches such as colorful pillows, potted plants and fresh flowers on the table daily, walls are covered with colorful artwork by local artists. The stars of the coffee shop are, of course, the pastries. Angela is a formally trained pastry chef who knows her way around Key Lime Pie, heavenly scones, gooey chocolate brownies and the best banana bread you've ever tasted. Each day a variety of pastries from the full flour, sugar, butter variety to vegan and gluten-free sit under glass domes, tempting all who enter. Let's not forget the coffee; regular and decaf, drip, espresso or our favorite cold-brew in town, you can have it made to drink in-house or to-go.
We pull up in front of the shop; the patio has sprung back to life with bright red umbrellas, plants, tables and chairs. Inside, there are open seats at the counter, our favorite place to sit; while Kris takes a seat I eyeball the pastries, it's no secret I love chocolate—a brownie it is! The atmosphere here is very laid back; customers often engage in conversation with one another about this and that. As I devour my chocolately brownie and sip on cold-brew coffee I take in the large paintings that hang on the walls; Kris and I each pick a favorite. When we have finished, we check out the courtyard in back; benches are made from reclaimed wood, colorful cactus, a money tree and potted palm add color, miniature white lights are strung overhead, it's truly an oasis. Hello Records second location is taking over the space adjoining Coffee and (____), currently open on weekends, more on that later.
The transformation of the Detroit riverfront over the last few years has been amazing! There are now 3 miles of completed pathways, parks and green space making the river accessible to all. We are visiting the east riverfront; Mt Elliott Park has been completely renovated by the Detroit Riverfront Conservancy to include a plaza, water features, restrooms and a cafe—today is opening day. We follow the freshly poured concrete pathway toward the river, the grass is green and lush, benches are arranged here and there, LED light poles flank the path. The tented park pavilion is off to the right, but what really grabs our attention is the water feature to the left; a life-size replica of a great lakes schooner appears to have sunk into the plaza, masts poke out from the ground spraying water into the air. As we approach we notice stacks of crates, the ship's wheel, treasure chests and barrels, all with the ability to give you a soaker. Here a layer of soft material in shades of blue cover the ground, making it user-friendly, I spot a few yellow disks marked with a blue footprint that activate the water flow, it's really cool! Further on kids are spraying one another with water cannons, jets of water shoot up from the ground intermittently drawing screams and laughter from those who are now wet. A trio of children hang on to a giant cattail and spin around, further on, wind chimes are ringing in the gentle breeze. As we head to the silver railing that lines the water a small boy bangs on drums, another bangs on pipe-organ-style hollow tubes, the sight of all of this activity brings a smile to my face. The MacArthur bridge connecting Detroit to Bell Isle is picturesque from this spot. The pathway continues to the right, colorful concrete circles add whimsy to the route, where there is no railing rocks are piled high, where the pathway ends we find ourselves overlooking a Coast Guard boat. Turning around I am able to take in the entire park; the scene is picturesque, even nicer than I had anticipated, seating is plentiful, flowers spill from large planters, multiple generations are enjoying a little fun in the sun at this most welcomed park.
There's an old 4-story, red-brick building near the park entrance. Kris notices the new awning and balloons over an open door, I fall into step behind him to check it out. The name on the awning says "Fun Shop", let's see what it's all about. The shop is a combination art gallery, cultural gifts store, snack shop and overall 'fun' place. Near the door you can purchase sunscreen, bottles of water and towels, snacks are sold by the register. The walls are covered with old posters of names like Iggy Pop and MC5, works by Gary Grimshaw, Carl Lundgren and Leni Sinclair can be purchased here along with t-shirts, bags and jewelry by local artists, indeed, lots of fun stuff. I pay for my really cool Detroit watch and we are off to get some lunch.
Southwest Detroit seems to be calling us; traveling a little off the beaten path we end up on Springwells at El Asador. A brown brick building with red trim, it's sits across the street from Vince's, a well-known Italian restaurant that has been around forever. Inside, the walls are painted a golden-yellow, black chairs are pulled up to white tablecloth covered square tables. As usual, we take a table near a window; our server greets us with menus and returns quickly with chips, salsa and glasses of ice water. Along with traditional Mexican favorites, the menu concentrates on steak and seafood dishes, it all sounds good. After taking our order, our server returns with a cart which holds a large stone bowl, avocados, tomatoes, cilantro, salt, onions, lime juice and chopped jalapeno's—-they make the guacamole tableside, awesome! As ingredients are added and softly smashed together we are asked how spicy we like our guac, she continues to add items from small bowls, mixing them in until, voila', it's done. The dip is garnished with freshly made flour tortilla chips and placed on our table; immediately we scoop up the flavorful green mixture, wow, it is outstanding! We have never had guacamole so fresh and delicious, you have got to try this. Everything is made fresh to order so dishes do not arrive rapid-fire from the kitchen, but don't worry, it's worth the wait. This time we have a chorizo taco, tasty and different from any other chorizo we have had, a lobster taco, delish, served with its own sauce and veggies and chicken enchiladas verde. The enchiladas are moist and flavorful, topped with sour cream and diced fried potatoes, they come with yummy rice and refried beans that are an orange-ish hue, also excellent. The food here is wonderful and unique to the area, service is excellent; next time you have a hankering for Mexican food, you know where to go…….. you're welcome…….