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Indians or Indian people are the citizens and nationals of the Republic of India. In 2022, the population of India stood at 1.4 billion people. According to UN forecasts In 2023 India will overtake China as the world most populous country. containing 17.50 percent of the global population. In addition to the Indian population, the Indian overseas diaspora also boasts large numbers, particularly in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and the Western world. While the demonym "Indian" applies to people originating from the present-day Republic of India, it was also used as the identifying term for people originating from what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh prior to the partition of British India in 1947.

Particularly in North America, the terms "Asian Indian" and "East Indian" are sometimes used to differentiate Indians from the indigenous peoples of the Americas; although the misidentification of indigenous Americans as Indians occurred during the European colonization of the Americas, the term "Indian" is still used as an identifier for indigenous populations in North America and the Caribbean, but very rarely now and are called indigenous, Amerindian, and specifically First Nations in Canada, and Native American in the United States, including in official discourse and in law.

Ethnonym

The name Bhārata has been used as a self-ascribed name by people of the Indian subcontinent and the Republic of India since 1949. The designation "Bhārata" appears in the official Sanskrit name of the country, Bhārata Gaṇarājya. The name is derived from the ancient Vedic and Puranas, which refer to the land that comprises India as "Bhārata varṣam" and uses this term to distinguish it from other varṣas or continents. The Bhāratas were a vedic tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, notably participating in the Battle of the Ten Kings. India is named after legendary Emperor Bharata who was a descendant of the Bhāratas tribe, scion of Kuru Dynasty who unified the Indian Subcontinent under one realm.
उत्तरं यत्समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् ।
वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।
 "The country (varṣam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata."

In early Vedic literature, the term Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त) was in popular use before Bhārata. The Manusmṛti (2.22) gives the name Āryāvarta to "the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern (Bay of Bengal) to the Western Sea (Arabian Sea)".

While the word Indian and India is derived from Greek  (Indía), via Latin India. Indía in Koine Greek denoted the region beyond the Indus () river, since Herodotus (5th century BC) , hē Indikē chōrē; "the Indian land", , Indos, "an Indian", from Old Persian Hinduš and medieval term Hindustani. The name is derived ultimately from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name of the river Indus, but also meaning "river" generically.

History

The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of sixteen oligarchic republics known as Mahajanapadas; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; the birth of Jainism and Buddhism in the 6th century BCE, and the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.

The Indian people established during the ancient and medieval periods to the early eighteenth century some of the greatest empires and dynasties in South Asian history like the Maurya Empire, Satavahana dynasty, Gupta Empire, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Chalukya Empire, Chola Empire, Karkota Empire, Pala Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire. The first great empire of the Indian people was the Maurya Empire having Patliputra(currently Patna, Bihar) as its capital, conquered the major part of South Asia in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC during the reign of the Indian Emperors Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka alongside their senior advisor, Acharya Chanakya, the world's pioneer of the fields of political science and economics. The next great ancient empire of the Indian people was the Gupta Empire. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and Hinduism and Buddhism spread to much of Asia, while the Chola Empire in the south had flourishing maritime trade links with the Roman Empire during this period. The ancient Indian mathematicians Aryabhata, Bhāskara I and Brahmagupta invented the concept of zero and the Hindu–Arabic numeral system decimal system during this period. During this period Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia.

During the early medieval period the great Rashtrakuta dynasty governed most of the Indian subcontinent from the 8th to 10th centuries and the Indian Emperor Amoghavarsha of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty was described by the Arab traveller Sulaiman as one of the four great kings of the world. The medieval south Indian mathematician Mahāvīra lived in the Rashtrakuta dynasty and was the first Indian mathematician who separated astrology from mathematics and who wrote the earliest Indian text entirely devoted to mathematics. The greatest maritime empire of the medieval Indians was the Chola dynasty. Under the great Indian Emperors Rajaraja Chola I and his successor Rajendra Chola I the Chola dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. The power of the Chola empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China.

During the late medieval period the great Vijayanagara Empire ruled most of southern India from the 14th to 16th centuries and reached its peak during the reign of the south Indian Emperor Sri Krishnadevaraya The medieval Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics flourished during this period under such well known south Indian mathematicians as Madhava (c. 1340–1425), who made important contributions to Trigonometry and Calculus, and Nilakhanta (c. 1444–1545), who postulated on the orbitals of planets.

The Mughal Empire consolidated much of the Indian sub-continent under a single realm. Under the Mughals, India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture, greatly influencing Indian society. The Mughal Empire balanced and pacified local societies through new administrative practices and had diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pathans, the Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience.

The Marathas and Sikhs emerged in the 17th century and established the Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire, which became the dominant powers in India in the 18th century. The Maratha Empire is credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the north and Bengal and the Andaman Islands in the east.

The decline of Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century lead to large areas of India being annexed by the British East India Company of the British Empire and witnessed a period of rapid development of infrastructure, economic decline and major famines. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for Indian independence movement was launched, the Indian subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.

Culture

India is one of the world's oldest civilisations. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several various cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced and shaped by a history that is several thousand years old. Throughout the history of India, Indian culture has been heavily influenced by Dharmic religions. They have been credited with shaping much of Indian philosophy, literature, architecture, art and music. Greater India was the historical extent of Indian culture beyond the Indian subcontinent. This particularly concerns the spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, architecture, administration and writing system from India to other parts of Asia through the Silk Road by the travellers and maritime traders during the early centuries of the Common Era. To the west, Greater India overlaps with Greater Persia in the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains. During medieval period, Islam played a significant role in shaping Indian cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs with Muslims across India.

Religion

India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions. Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions, are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic ones. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third- and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 1 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 1.5 or 1.6 billion followers. Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture. Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by the law and by custom; the Constitution of India has declared the right to freedom of religion to be a fundamental right.

Atheism and agnosticism have a long history in India and flourished within Śramaṇa movement. The Cārvāka school originated in India around the 6th century BCE and is one of the earliest form of materialistic and atheistic movement in ancient India. Sramana, Buddhism, Jainism, Ājīvika and some schools of Hinduism like Samkhya consider atheism to be valid and reject the concept of creator deity, ritualism and supernaturalism. India has produced some notable atheist politicians and social reformers.

Although approximately 80% of the citizens of India are Hindus, the country has a substantial population of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and adherents of tribal faiths. Zoroastrianism and Judaism each has several thousands of Indian adherents, and also have an ancient history in India. India has the largest population of people adhering to Zoroastrianism and Bahá'í Faith in the world, even though these two religions are not native to India. Many other world religions also have a relationship with Indian spirituality, such as the Bahá'í Faith which recognises Buddha and Krishna as manifestations of the God Almighty. Despite the strong role of religion in Indian life, atheism and agnostics also have visible influence along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other people. According to the 2012 WIN-Gallup Global Index of Religion and Atheism report, 81% of Indians were religious, 13% were not religious, 3% were convinced atheists, and 3% were unsure or did not respond.

Traditionally, Indian society is grouped according to their caste. It is a system in which social stratification within various social sections defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups are often termed jāti or castes. Within a jāti, there exists exogamous groups known as gotras, the lineage or clan of an individuals. Caste barriers have mostly broken down in cities but still exists in some form in rural areas.

Most Indian states are majority Hindu. However, Kashmir and Lakshadweep are majority Muslim; Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya are majority Christian and Punjab is majority Sikh. Although participants in the Indian census may choose to not declare their religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that he/she does not adhere to any religion. Due to this limitation in the Indian census process, the data for persons not affiliated with any religion may not be accurate. India contains the majority of the world's Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Zoroastrians and Bahá'í. Christianity is widespread in Northeast India, parts of southern India, particularly in Kerala and among various populations of Central India. Muslims are the largest religious minority. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan.

Family

Historically, India had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system or undivided family. Joint family system is an extended family arrangement prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India. The family is headed by a patriarch, the oldest male, who makes decisions on economic and social matters on behalf of the entire family. The patriarch's wife generally exerts control over the household, minor religious practices and often wields considerable influence in domestic matters. A patrilineal joint family consists of an older man and his wife, his sons and unmarried daughters, his sons' wives and children. Family income flows into a common pool, from which resources are drawn to meet the needs of all members, which are regulated by the heads of the family. However, with modernisation and economic development, India has witnessed a break up of traditional joint family into more nuclear families and the traditional joint family in India accounted for a small percent of Indian households.

Arranged marriages have been the tradition in Indian society. Marriage is considered a union of the two families rather than just the individuals, the process involved in an arranged marriage can be different depending on the communities and families. Recent survey study found that fewer marriages are purely arranged without consent and that the majority of surveyed Indian marriages are arranged with consent. The study also suggested that Indian culture is trending away from traditional arranged marriages, they find that the marriage trends in India are similar to trends observed over last 40 years where arranged marriages were previously common, particularly in China and Japan.

Dress
India's clothing styles have continuously evolved over the course of history. Cotton was first cultivated in Indian subcontinent around the 5th millennium BC. Dyes used during this period are still in use, particularly indigo, red madder, lac and turmeric. Silk was woven around 2450 BC and 2000 BC. In the 11th century BC Rig-veda mentions dyed and embroidered garments known as paridhan and pesas respectively and thus highlights the development of sophisticated garment manufacturing techniques during this period. In the 5th century BCE, Greek historian Herodotus describes the richness of the quality of Indian textiles. By the 2nd century AD, cotton, muslins and silk textiles manufactured in India were imported by the Roman Empire and was one of the major exports of ancient India to other parts of the world along with Indian spices and Wootz steel.
Traditional Indian clothing greatly varies across different parts of the country and is influenced by local culture, geography and climate. Women traditionally wear Sari, Gagra Choli, Angarkha, Phiran, Shalwar Kameez, Gharara and Bandi with Dupatta or Ghoonghat worn over head or shoulder to complete the outfit. Men traditionally wear Angarkha, Achkan, Kurta, Kameez, Phiran, Sherwani and Koti for upper garment, lower garment includes Dhoti, Churidar, Shalwar, and Lungi. Pagri is usually worn around head to complete the outfit. In urban centres, people often wear western clothing and variety of other contemporary fashion.

Cuisine

Indian food varies from region to region. Staple foods of Indian cuisine include a variety of lentils (dal), whole-wheat flour (aṭṭa), rice and pearl millet (bājra), which has been cultivated in Indian subcontinent since 6200 BCE. Over time, segments of the population embraced vegetarianism during Śramaṇa movement while an equitable climate permitted a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains to be grown throughout the year. A food classification system that categorised any item as saatvic, raajsic or taamsic developed in Yoga tradition. The Bhagavad Gita prescribed certain dietary practices. During this period, consumption of various types of meat became taboo, due to being considered sacred or impure. Indian cuisines use numerous ingredients, deploy a wide range of food preparation styles, cooking techniques and culinary presentation depending on geographical location.

Performing arts

The oldest preserved examples of Indian music are the melodies of the Samaveda (1000 BC) that are still sung in certain Śrauta sacrifices; this is the earliest account of Indian musical hymns. The Samaveda, and other Hindu texts, heavily influenced India's classical music tradition, which is known today in two distinct styles: Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Both the Hindustani and Carnatic music systems are based on the melodic base known as Rāga, sung to a rhythmic cycle known as Tāla. These principles were refined in the nātyaśāstra (200 BC) and the dattilam (300 AD).

The nātyaśāstrais an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance and music. It was written during the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE in classical India and is traditionally attributed to the Sage Bharata. Natya Shastra is incredibly wide in its scope. While it primarily deals with stagecraft, it has come to influence music, classical dance, and literature as well. It covers stage design, music, dance, makeup, and virtually every other aspect of stagecraft.

Indian drama and theatre has a long history alongside its music and dance. One of the earliest known theatre play is Mṛcchakatika composed by Śudraka. Followed by Aśvaghoṣa's Śāriputraprakaraṇa and Bhāsa's Swapnavāsavadatta and Pancharātra. Most notable works are Kālidāsa's Abhijñānaśākuntala, Vikramorvaśīya and Mālavikāgnimitra. Harsha's Ratnavali, Priyadarsika, and Naganandam, other notable ancient dramatists include Bhatta Narayana, Bhavabhuti, Vishakhadatta, Thirayattam and Viswanatha Kaviraja.

Notable fable story-plays Panchatantra, Baital Pachisi, Kathasaritsagara, Brihatkatha and Jataka tales were performed in folk theatres since ancient period. Jataka tales has become part of Southeast and East Asian folklore with the spread of Buddhism. These literature's were also influential in development of One Thousand and One Nights during medieval period.

Contribution and discoveries

Indian people have played a major role in the development of the philosophy, sciences, mathematics, arts, architecture and astronomy throughout history. During the ancient period, notable mathematics accomplishment of India included Hindu–Arabic numeral system with decimal place-value and a symbol for zero, interpolation formula, Fibonacci's identity, theorem, the first complete arithmetic solution (including zero and negative solutions) to quadratic equations. Chakravala method, sign convention, madhava series, and the sine and cosine in trigonometric functions can be traced to the jyā and koti-jyā. Notable military inventions include war elephants, crucible steel weapons popularly known as Damascus steel and Mysorean rockets. Other notable inventions during ancient period include chess, cotton, sugar, fired bricks, carbon pigment ink, ruler, lac, lacquer, stepwell, indigo dye, snake and ladder, muslin, ludo, calico, Wootz steel, incense clock, shampoo, palampore, chintz, and prefabricated homes.

Indian cultural aspects, religions, philosophy, arts and architecture have developed over several millennia and have spread through much of Asia in peaceful manner. Many architectural structures of India such as Sanchi Stupa, Taj Mahal and Mahabodhi Temple are UNESCO World Heritage Sites today.

In modern times, Indian people have continued to contribute to mathematics, sciences and astrophysics. Among them are Satyendra Nath Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Meghnad Saha, Homi J. Bhabha, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, and notable Nobel Prize recipients C. V. Raman, Har Gobind Khorana, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who is notable for currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars, including black holes.

National personification
Bharat Mata (Hindi, from Sanskrit , Bhārata Mātā), Mother India, or Bhāratāmbā (from अंबा ambā 'mother') is the national personification of India as a mother goddess.

The image of Bharat Mata formed with the Indian independence movement of the late 19th century. A play by Kiran Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Bhārat Mātā, was first performed in 1873. She is usually depicted as a woman clad in an orange or saffron sari holding a flag and sometimes accompanied by a lion.

Sports

Sports in India are mainly in two categories traditional sports and global sports. Traditional sports like gilli danda, kho kho, kabaddi are quite popular. On the other hand, Indians are highly enthusiastic about the game of cricket that it is treated as a religion in itself. Sports like hockey, volleyball, football are quite popular while polo, golf and tennis are preferred sports for affluent sections of the society. In recent times with government support Olympic sports like shooting, archery, wrestling, javelin throw, swimming, badminton have gained prominence in the Indian society.

Indian diaspora

Although, population groups originating in different parts of the Indian subcontinent and within the international borders of the modern country of India had been migrating to Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, and even along Europe's Mediterranean coast, the Indian diaspora generally socio-politically or historically refers to those whose families or themselves migrated to other parts of the world after the British Empire established itself in India. Population estimates vary from a conservative 12 million to 20 million-person diaspora.

United Kingdom

The British Indian community had grown to number over one million. According to the 2001 UK Census, 1,053,411 Britons had full Indian ancestry (representing 1.8% of the UK's population). An overwhelming majority of 99.3% resided in England (in 2008 the figure is thought to be around 97.0%). In the seven-year period between 2001 and 2009, the number of Indian-born people in the UK increased in size by 38% from 467,634 to around 647,000 (an increase of approximately 180,000).

Canada

There are approximately 1.86 million people of Indian origin or ancestry in Canada, the majority of which live in Greater Toronto and Vancouver, with growing communities in Alberta and Quebec. Roughly 5.1% of the total Canadian population is of Indian ancestry, a figure higher than both the United States and Britain. According to Statistics Canada, Indo-Canadians are one of the fastest-growing visible minority groups in Canada, making up the second-largest group of non-European descent in the country after Chinese Canadians.

The Indo-Canadian community can trace its history in Canada back 120 years to 1897 when a contingent of Sikh soldiers visited the western coast of Canada, primarily British Columbia which at the time was very sparsely populated and the Canadian government wanted to settle in order to prevent a takeover of the territory by the United States.

South Africa

More than a million people of South Asian descent live in South Africa, with their ancestors having left colonial India mostly as indentured labourers, and with smaller numbers emigrating later as "Passenger Indians", in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They are concentrated around the city of Durban. They were classified as members of an "Indian" race under the country's defunct Apartheid system.

Tanzania

About 40,000 people of Indian origin live in Tanzania mostly in the urban areas.

United States

According to the American Community Survey of the United States Census Bureau, the Indian American population in the United States grew from almost 1.67 million in 2000 to 3.1 million in 2010 which is the third-largest Asian American community in the United States after Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.

Caribbean

After slavery was abolished in the European colonies, Indians were hired under the Indian indenture system to become indentured laborers to fill the need for cheap labor and for their skills in agriculture. In the English-speaking Caribbean and Suriname, Indians primarily came from the Hindi Belt, especially the Awadh region in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh and the Bhojpur region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand, along with a significant minority who came from South India, and a smaller minority who came from other parts of India. They arrived from the late 1830s to the early 1920s as indentured laborers to work primarily on sugarcane estates, as well as on cocoa, rice, banana, coconut, and coffee estates after indentureship. After the first wave of migration of indentured laborers, more Indians from Gujarat, Sindh, Kutch, Punjab, Bengal, and South India came to the Caribbean for business and professional occupations from the 1930s till present-day. There are more than a million Indo-Caribbeans. In Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname they are the largest ethnic groups. The Indians from the Bhojpuri and Awadhi-speaking areas of the Hindi Belt made up the majority of Indians in the Anglo-Caribbean and Suriname. Hence, their dialect of Hindustani, known as Caribbean Hindustani collectively, is based mostly on Bhojpuri and Awadhi, and it became the lingua franca of the early Indians. Also, since they formed the largest group of Indians, the traditions and culture from the Bhojpur and Awadh regions became the dominant culture for the Indians in those countries. France sent southern Indians to its colonies in the Caribbean as indentured laborers, hence there are also many residents of Indian descent in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana, mostly of southern Indian descent. Many Indo-Caribbeans have migrated to the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, and France, and few of them have even seasonally migrated to the neighboring Latin American and other Caribbean countries as migrant workers. A majority of Indo-Caribbean are Hindus, while there is significant minority of Christians and Muslims, along with smaller numbers of recently arrived Indian Jains, Sikhs, Buddhist, and Bahá'ís. Indo-Caribbeans are known as the descendants of the jahajis or girmityas.

Genetics

Recent genome studies appear to show that South Asians are a mixture of two major ancestral components, one component restricted to South Asia and the other component shared with Central Asia, West Asia, and Europe.

See also
 Lists of Indian people
 South Asian ethnic groups
 Ethnic groups in Asia
 Romani people

References

Works cited

Demographics of India
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in South Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to create an animated line plot in R from text file? I want to create an animated plot from a text file with two columns: x = timepoints, y = values.
time     values
0       -70.627
1e-5    -68.5964
6e-5    -67.6575
1e-4    -66.6575
1.1e-4  -65.627
0.882119999999  -67.0542
0.882129999999  -67.0847
0.882139999999  -67.0542
0.882149999999  -67.0542

I have more than 10000 rows and want 20 frames.
I have tried the following code:
data <- read.table("my.txt", header = TRUE)
library(animation)
library(magick)

# Also installed ImageMagick 6.9.9.14 on windows that worked perfectly, checked by convert command

saveGIF({
  for(i in 1:20){
    x <- data$time
    y <- data$values
    plot(x,y)
  }
}, ani.width = 1000, ani.height = 800, movie.name = "data.gif", img.name = "data_Rplot")

But, it gives me a static png plot which I can get from:
plot(x,y)

without any loop.
Please guide.
Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Size 4'11" - 5'3" 5'3" - 5'9"
A very beautiful hold up with full length leg design in nero (black) with Lurex detail. This item is part of the Hush Hush collection by Ballerina and is presented in luxury embossed packaging.
Ballerina have been established since 1989 and is now one of Europes fastest growing hosiery companies. What makes Ballerina special is the teamwork by highly qualified designers and technicians who create their unique collections of high quality tights, hold-ups and stockings. Ballerina uses specialist modern machinery in its manufacturing processes and creates unique in-house designs which keep pace with customers demands for modern fashion. Ballerina focus on elegance and comfort in their designs and attention to detail in their high levels of quality control.


The mission of the Pulse of Conway web site is to provide information about Conway, Faulkner County and the state of Arkansas that is useful in business planning, event planning and proposal writing. The web site also provides general information on events, services and opportunities of the area useful to the general public. All of the information and data comes from public sources and viewers of this site can use the information as they see fit. Some summaries and analysis have been provided. We would appreciate that you acknowledge Pulse of Conway website as a source if you use any of the information in a publication or document.
We are constantly seeking new data sources and would like to hear your comments and suggestions. If there is information that you would like to have about Faulkner County and Conway that would be useful to viewers, we will do our best to obtain it and keep it current.
I have been doing the Annual Economic Report of Conway and Faulkner County for the past fifteen years. I started this website as a public service in response to inquiries that I have had for the annual economic report and other data. The latest annual report is on this website and can be printed off. Since I am retired, this keeps me busy, off of the street and out of trouble, I think. To off set some of the costs involved, I have sponsors who advertise on this space. Please view their websites by clicking on the ads.
10 Ft. X 12 Ft.


How does a shutdown work?
If you fail to get what you want through the democratic process you can use a shutdown to try to do an end run. It's a desperate last ditch attempt at best because it couldn't get approved through normal channels.
Did Trump tweet about an Obama shutdown?
There is a supposed tweet going around where Trump apparently calls Obama weak and says responsibility is ultimately his for the shutdown at that time. In spite of what the Internet says, he never really tweeted directly about it but he commented extensively during a Fox and Friends interview.
How many shutdowns have there been?
Here's a list of all the shutdowns. They didn't become a tool until the seventies.
2018 (President Donald Trump): Feb. 9 – 1 day.
The shutdown under Obama was notable because the ACA had run the gauntlet of the democratic process but the GOP still didn't want it to become law. So they held funding for it hostage hoping to block at least part of it.
Who has "won" the shutdowns?
Shutdowns are hard to analyze because the shutdown can come from various sources for various reasons.
A majority of people feel the current shutdown is the GOP's fault, and specifically Trump's, because he said he would "proudly own it" (see video above), it's about funding for his wall which does not have good public approval, and it didn't happen until Trump decided not to sign the funding bill that had passed both houses.
The GOP was responsible for the one shutdown under Obama as they were specifically refusing to pass a bill to approve funding for a portion of the ACA.
We won't try to analyze who "won" for the shutdowns as it's contentious at best who was responsible for the shutdown and what the outcome accomplished.
But it's probably safe to say no one really "wins" a shutdown. Government workers suffer, citizens suffer, and democracy suffers as the purpose of a shutdown is to simply break the rules of democracy.


text:
THISDAYLIVE
Home Business ACAEBIN Trains Internal Auditors on cyber defence
ACAEBIN Trains Internal Auditors on cyber defence
The Association of Chief Audit Executives of Banks in Nigeria (ACAEBIN) has held its first stream of 2019 capacity building for Internal Auditors on Cyber Defence.
The three-day training held recently in Lagos in conjunction with the Financial Institutions Training Centre (FITC) was hands-on based and focused on review of networks, applications, databases and IT infrastructures.
As part of the association's policy of continuous capacity development, ACAEBIN organises at least two trainings every year for internal audit staff at no cost to member banks and at least one for Chief Audit Executives who by virtue of their position, are direct members representing their various banks.
In his opening address at the commencement of the exercise, a statement quoted the Chairman of ACAEBIN, who also is the Chief Audit Executive of Access Bank Plc, Yinka Tiamiyu, to have urged the participants to make the best use of the opportunity describing the topic as a very vital and critical area that needs special attention. Noting that content is very enriching and would deliver the desired result if taken serious by the participants.
He said: "The cyber space is continuously evolving, so also the associated threats. As Auditors, it our duty to ensure proactive approach to mitigate these threats and provide assurance to our organisation in order to prevent loss of valuable assets and corporate image."
Speaking in the same vein, the Second Vice Chairman and Head of the Emerging Issues Committee of the Association, Felix Igbinosa in his speech informed the participants that, "given the ever changing cyber threat landscape and the continuing unending battle in the cyberspace, there is the need for a 24/7 monitoring and response on technological platforms of organisations.
"As such, organisations need to invest more in implementing additional security infrastructure and training of its personnel in cyber security.''
Felix, further informed the participants that another training would be held before the end of the year. He assured the participants that his Committee would evaluate the report of the training to determine the need for another stream, urging them to ensure they derive value for the huge investment the Association is making towards harnessing their skill set for better service delivery in the banking industry.
At the end of the training, participants would have developed competencies in managing key aspects of cyber security threat, understand the impact of cyber-attacks on the various IT tools and platforms, analyse threats and risks within the context of the Cyber security architecture, among other things.
The high point of the three-day training was the presentation of certificates to the participants.
ACAEBIN, a sub-committee of the Bankers' Committee of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is a 34-member not-for-profit organization, established primarily to foster corporation among Chief Audit Executives (CAEs), promote competence, ethical standards and professional behaviour among member organizations. Membership cuts across Deposit Money Banks (DMBs), Development Banks, the Central Bank of Nigeria as well as three Honourary members (NDIC, FITC and NIBSS).
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Founded on January 22, 1995, THISDAY is published by THISDAY NEWSPAPERS LTD., 35 Creek Road Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria with offices in 36 states of Nigeria , the Federal Capital Territory and around the world. It is Nigeria's most authoritative news media available on all platforms for the political, business, professional and diplomatic elite and broader middle classes while serving as the meeting point of new ideas, culture and technology for the aspirationals and millennials. The newspaper is a public trust dedicated to the pursuit of truth and reason covering a range of issues from breaking news to politics, business, the markets, the arts, sports and community to the crossroads of people and society.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Midlands Ocidentais ou Midlands do Oeste (em inglês: West Midlands), é uma das nove regiões oficiais da Inglaterra do primeiro nível das NUTS do Reino Unido para fins estatísticos do Eurostat. Esta região cobre a metade oeste zona tradicionalmente conhecida como Midlands. Contém a segunda a segunda cidade mais povoada, Birmingham, e a grande Conurbação de Midlands Ocidentais, a qual inclui a cidade de Wolverhampton e grandes cidades como Dudley, Solihull, Walsall e West Bromwich. A cidade de Coventry também está localizada dentro do condado de Midlands Ocidentais, mas está separada da conurbação a oeste por vários quilómetros de uma cintura verde.

A região apresenta uma grande diversidade geográfica, desde as áreas urbanas centrais da conurbação, aos condados ocidentais rurais de Shropshire e Herefordshire, os quais fazem fronteira com o País de Gales. O rio mais longo no Reino Unido, o rio Severn, atravessa as regiões a sudeste, como as cidades-condado de Shrewsbury e Worcester, e o Desfiladeiro de Ironbridge, um local considerado como Património Mundial por ser o local de origem da Revolução Industrial. Staffordshire alberga a conurbação industrializada de Staffordshire Potteries, incluindo a cidade de Stoke-on-Trent, e a área de Staffordshire Moorlands, que faz fronteira com Parque Nacional de Peak District a sudeste, perto de Leek. As Midlands também incluem cinco áreas de grande beleza como o Vale de Wye, as colinas de Shropshire, Cannock Chase, colinas de Malvern e partes de Cotswolds. Warwickshire é a casa da cidade de Stratford upon Avon, local de nascimento do escritor William Shakespeare. As Midlands Ocidentais e a Grande Londres, são as únicas regiões de Inglaterra e do Reino Unido que são consideradas não têm ligação ao mar

Administração local
As regiões oficiais consistem das seguintes subdivisões:

Key: †condado shire  |  *condado metropolitano

Regiões da Inglaterra


text:
title: "Modelos de metapoblaciones en R"
date: 2014-12-22 16:48
venue: "Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento"
date: 2013-09-01
type: "Posgraduate course"
location: "Buenos Aires, Argentina"
comments: true
categories:
- Ecology
- Metapopulation
- Ecological Models
- Spanish
- R

---

Este es un curso de posgrado sobre metapoblaciones utilizando lenguaje R, basicamente es una introducción a la modelación de metapoblaciones utilizando el modelo cĺásico de Levins y agregando estocacidad como error de proceso, error de observación, usando tiempo continuo con procesos de Markov y sistemas de particulas interactivas para hacerlo espacialmente explícito.

Aqui esta la página web con las diapositivas y el material que utilizamos en clase:

* [Metapoblaciones con aplicaciones en lenguaje R: Curso de posgrado UNGS](/courses/metapopulations-in-r/)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The SCALES project is a Tennessee Supreme Court initiative designed to educate high school students about the judicial branch of government. SCALES, which stands for Supreme Court Advancing Legal Education for Students, gives students a unique opportunity to hear the oral arguments for an actual Supreme Court case in a nearby community.
"The Tennessee Supreme Court believes that educating young people about the judicial branch is paramount to creating productive citizens," Justice Cornelia Clark said. "The SCALES project is a great opportunity for high school students to get a firsthand look at the Supreme Court in action, while also developing an appreciation for the rule of law and the role it plays in our society."
This program has been made possible thanks to generous support from the Ansley Fund of The Frist Foundation.
See photos from SCALES events.
Scales Promo 1 from Tennessee Courts on Vimeo.


What are the best Halloween false lashes?
There's just one week left till Halloween and by now you've probably decided on your outfit and the kind of look you're going to end up going for. However, if you're a last minute person like me then fear not, there is still time!!! Last week we showed you our favourite mink false lashes and top sellers for Halloween and if you didn't get a chance to read it then here's the link.
Halloween is the time to come out of your safe, what-you-know-works make up looks and experiment! Whether you go for cute wispy lashes such as our Admire #101 mink lashes or our extravagant 3D Glam Mink False Eyelashes collection such as the dramatic Hypnotize #131 mink lashes, we're positive our lashes will complete your look! Pair them up with your blood stains, crazy hair and vampire teeth and you'll achieve your desired look in no time!
For the remainder of this week, we're giving you the chance to grab your last minute falsies with a further 10% off! Just use code SPOOKY10 at the checkout!
If you're unsure which falsies to go for, then feel free to contact us at sales@professionallashes.co.uk and we can assist you further.
If you're off out for Halloween and you're wearing our falsies, don't forget to tag us in your pics on Instagram @pro_lashes_uk as we will choose our favourite pics and post them on our social media!


text:
LSUS Faculty Member Dr. Heather Carpenter to Serve as Co-Editor in Chief of the Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership
Shreveport, LA – LSUS Faculty Member and Interim Executive Director of the Institute for Nonprofit Administration and Research, Dr. Heather Carpenter, was recently appointed as Co-Editor in Chief of the Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership with Dr. Roseanne Mirabella of Seton Hall University.
The Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership (JNEL) publishes quality manuscripts to disseminate the latest knowledge related to nonprofit education and leadership to help develop theory and practice. Relevant topic areas (centered on nonprofit education and leadership) for the journal include, but are not limited to: nonprofit governance, fundraising, volunteer management, operations, legal framework, philanthropy, program planning, implementation and evaluation, and financial management.
The journal provides a forum for authors interested in nonprofit education and nonprofit leadership to exchange information via quality, peer-reviewed articles. This exchange is designed to advance theory and improve practice.
Drs. Carpenter and Mirabella take over the editorship from Dr. Normal Dolch, retiring Emeritus Editor, who founded JNEL in 2010. Dr. Dolch is Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Founding Director of the Institute for Nonprofit Administration and Research at LSUS.
"Dr. Dolch did an amazing job developing JNEL and advanced the field of nonprofit and philanthropic studies education. I am thankful to be able serve as co-editor of this journal with Dr. Mirabella who is a preeminent scholar in the field." -Dr. Heather Carpenter
Dr. Carpenter recently co-authored a content analysis of the first 10 years of the JNEL. She led a team of 10 researchers for the last two years piloting, and comprehensively reading and coding 97 theoretical articles published between 2010-2020 in JNEL.
About Heather Carpenter, Ph.D.
Dr. Carpenter Serves as Interim Executive Director of the Institute for Nonprofit Administration and Research, Director of the Master of Science in Nonprofit Administration program, and Norman A Dolch Super Professor at LSU Shreveport. Dr. Carpenter is a highly networked nonprofit professor, researcher, consultant, and trainer passionate about nonprofit capacity building, talent development, and sector-wide social change. She was selected as a 2022 Top 50 Power and Influence Nonprofit Leader by the Nonprofit Times.
She is co-author of the following books: Nonprofit Crisis Management: Response to COVID-19 and The Talent Development Platform: Putting People First in Social Change Organizations, and co-editor of the Teaching Nonprofit Management textbook. She also serves as Board Treasurer of the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council. She earned her Ph.D. in Leadership Studies with an emphasis on Nonprofit and Philanthropic Leadership from the University of San Diego and a Master of Management in Nonprofit Administration from North Park University in Chicago, Illinois. Before pursuing her Ph.D. Dr. Carpenter ran nonprofit organizations in Illinois and California.
About Roseanne Mirabella, Ph.D.
Roseanne M. Mirabella, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of Political Science and Public Affairs, Director of the MPA program and Executive Director of the Center for Community Research and Engagement at Seton Hall University. She conducts research on philanthropy and nonprofit education and critical perspectives on nonprofit organizing. Mirabella co-edited "Reframing Nonprofit Organizations: Democracy, Inclusion and Social Change." She is also past President of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) and the New Jersey Chapter of the American Society for Public Administration. Dr. Mirabella has developed the Nonprofit Management Education Website at http://academic.shu.edu/npo/
For more information about JNEL visit https://js.sagamorepub.com/jnel


Hi everybody this is Chris, for part 17 of Break Through Chinese Pronunciation, the video series that helps you to tune up your Mandarin Chinese pronunciation and tones.
The last few videos have been a bit difficult, and this is the last of the really difficult sounds in Chinese.
In this video we're looking at the 'X' and 'Sh' sounds in Pinyin.
The 'X' sound is another one that simply doesn't exist in English at all, so it often creates problems for English speakers.
The sound in English that it is most similar to in English is the Sh sound, but it's softer, and the position of the tongue in your mouth is completely different.
When you say the 'X' sound in Pinyin, the tip of your tongue stays in the middle of your mouth behind your teeth, probably touching them (in the same place as for the J and Q sounds).
The bit of your tongue behind the tip is curved and presses up against the top of your mouth at the front. This tongue position gives the 'X' sound a softer feel to the Sh in English. For this sound, you're probably not going to move your tongue much, you're just passing air across it.
In this video, we'll also be practising the 'Sh' sound, and looking at how it is different to the 'X' sound.
Just like the 'J' and 'Q' in Pinyin, whenever the 'X' is followed by a 'u', the 'u' is pronounced like the u in French or something like the 'u' in huge.
When the 'u' comes after an 'Sh' in Pinyin, it is pronounced like the 'oo' in 'fool'. Your lips are pushed out towards the front of your mouth, and are in a round shape.
This one is a tricky one, and you might not be able to get it straight away, but keep paying attention to it and practising, and it might come to you suddenly, when you're least expecting it!


Complaint Kerrigan Et Al. v. Orange County Et Al.
Granny Fork Road, Smilax, Kentucky 41764.
may be served at 70 Morton Blvd., Hazard, Kentucky 41701.
was that he had demons.
and it was similar to an exorcism.
agreement, and 9 pages of questions.
21. At first, the Plaintiff did not complete the form.
was going to have the form completed.
his job, finally completed the form.
25. The Plaintiff has the form and will produce it.
26. The Plaintiff refused to participate in any exorcism.
new hours being approximately 11:00 p.m. through 7:00 a.m.
and this occurred in front of guests.
embarrassed in front of guests and employees.
the Johnsons and that he would be immediately fired if he did so.
Plaintiff had to leave his job.
reference in this count as if set out in full.
Inc., 775 F.2d 703 (6th Cir. 1985).
would otherwise have enjoyed absent the discrimination.
conditions and privileges of his employment.
otherwise have enjoyed absent the discrimination.
Plaintiff for which he is entitled to recover punitive damages.
emotional distress under Kentucky law.
policy, and is, therefore, both outrageous and extreme per se.
emotional and physical distress to the Plaintiff.


Ellie's Dance Party & 7th Birthday Pictures!!!
Sedona can still sleep through just about anything.
Anything Crayola is cool to get on your Birthday!!!
Still trying to sleep here Daddy, put that camera away till I am ready.
Here this is my good-side.
"Everytime, we go to the store I see this poster it is what I always wanted!"
Teyo is helping unwrap presents.
Aprill 11th - Let's PARTY!!!
Ellie designed her own cake for the PARTY!
All eyes on the Birthday Girl!
YUMMMY Cake and Ice Cream!
The DAY after we had a SURPRISE VISITOR!!!!
When do I get some cake????
Someday, I will get to ride with you Ellie.


text:
Battle of Kettle Creek
Boyd was apparently unaware that he was being followed so closely, and his camp, while guards were posted, was not particularly alert. Pickens... Read more
Oregon is the 33rd State Admitted to the Union
Act of Congress Admitting Oregon to the Union (dated February 14, 1859) Whereas the people of Oregon have framed, ratified and adopted a... Read more
Battle of Fort Donelson - Reinforcements and Naval Assault
At 1:00 a.m. on February 14, Floyd held a council of war in his headquarters, the Dover Hotel, and there was general agreement that Fort Donelson... Read more
Battle of Meridian
Description: From Vicksburg, Mississippi, Sherman launched a campaign to take the important railroad center at Meridian and, if the situation was... Read more
'The Importance of Being Ernest' Premieres in London
All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does. That's his. Read more
Winnipeg Victorias win Stanley Cup
February 14, 1896 Stanley Cup winners George Merritt(goal), Rod Flett(point), Fred Higginbotham (coverpoint), Charles Johnston(coverpoint), Dan... Read more
Arizona is the 48th State Admitted to the Union
Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. The major result being the end to the territorial colonization of Continental America. Arizona... Read more
Babe Ruth signs first contract with minor-league Baltimore Orioles
In 1913, St. Mary's Industrial School was playing a game against Mount St. Mary's University (then college) in Emmitsburg, Maryland. That day, the... Read more
Albert Einstein divorces Mileva Maric
Einstein and Marić married in January 1903, and in May 1904 the couple's first son, Hans Albert Einstein, was born in Bern, Switzerland. Their... Read more
St. Valentine's Day Massacre
Capone's most notorious killing was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. On February 14, 1929, four Capone men entered a garage at 2122 N. Clark... Read more
Paul E. Tsongas Is Born
Paul Efthemios Tsongas; February 14, 1941–January 18, 1997) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts and a one-time candidate for the... Read more
Alexandra Hospital Massacre
At about 1.00pm on 14 February Japanese soldiers advanced towards the Alexandra Barracks Hospital. A British lieutenant, acting as an envoy with a... Read more
Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp is Liberated by Soviet Forces
At its peak activity in 1944, the Gross-Rosen complex had up to sixty subcamps located in eastern Germany and occupied Poland. In its final stage,... Read more
VI Olympic Winter Games Held in Oslo, Norway
The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1952 in Oslo,... Read more
"8 1/2" Is Released
8½ (pronounced Otto e mezzo in Italian) is a 1963 film directed by Italian director Federico Fellini. Co-scripted by Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio... Read more
Malcolm X's house is firebombed
In June 1964, the Nation of Islam sued to reclaim Malcolm X's residence in Queens, New York, which they claimed to own. The suit was successful,... Read more
Stardust Fire
The fire at the Stardust Club in Dublin in February 1981 was responsible for the deaths of 48 people. The investigation and subsequent Inquiry... Read more
Ayatollah Rohollah Khomeini Issues a Fatwa Calling For The Death of Salman Rushdie
While there was already a considerable amount of protest by Muslims in the first months after the book's publishing, the fatwa issued by Ayatollah... Read more
Wayne's World is released
Wayne's World is a 1992 American comedy film directed by Penelope Spheeris and starring Mike Myers as Wayne Campbell and Dana Carvey as Garth... Read more
Stephen King releases Storm of the Century
Storm of the Century, alternatively known as Stephen King's Storm of the Century, is a 1999 horror TV miniseries written by Stephen King and... Read more
The Jungle Book 2 is released
The Jungle Book 2 is a 2003 animated feature film produced by the DisneyToons studio in Sydney, Australia and released by Walt Disney Pictures and... Read more
Boston College defeats Harvard, 4-1
Usually, a consolation game is a dreaded endeavor suffered through by players, coaches, and fans. But the Beanpot Tournament consolation between... Read more
Boston University defeats Northeastern, 3-2
Before last night's game, Northeastern coach Bruce Crowder called Boston University the New York Yankees of the Beanpot. And, in fact, the Terriers... Read more
U2 releases "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own" single
"Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own" is the second single from U2's 2004 album, How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb. Originally titled "Tough",... Read more
MacBook Pro Announced during Steve Jobs' MacWorld Expo Keynote Address
CUPERTINO, California—February 14, 2006—Apple® this week will begin shipping the new 15-inch MacBook™ Pro notebook computer featuring the new Intel... Read more


In the name of God Amen, I Joseph Miller of New Bonaventure in the Island of Newfoundland being of sound and disposing mind and memory blessed be God for all his mercies, but being mindful of my latter and I make this my last will and testament hereby revoking all former wills made by me.
First I bequeath my soul into the hands of Almighty God and pray that he will deal mercifully with it.
Secondly, I bequeath and give my dwelling house to my son Solomon on condition that he allows his brother Samuel to live with him in it as long as it is agreeable to him to do so.
Thirdly I give and bequeath all my landed property of whatsoever description to be divided amongst my four sons Samuel Miller, Abraham Miller, Jonathan Miller and Solomon Miller share and share alike.
Forthly, I give and bequeath the interest of my money in England towards supporting my son Solomon if I should not live to see him arrive at sufficient age to maintain himself and at my son Solomon's arriving at the age of twenty one years the principal sum is to be divided equally amongst all my children viz, Jacob, Samuel, Abraham, Jonathan and Solomon, Amy married to William King, Sarah married to James Toop, Elizabeth and Rachel unmarried, or to such of them as may be alive at the time of my said son Solomons arriving at the said age of twenty one years.
Fifthly, I give and bequeath to my son Solomon the silver tea spoons and to my sons Solomon and Jonathan all my wearing apparel.
Sixthly I give and bequeath my fishing room to my four sons Samuel, Abraham, Jonathan & Solomon share and share alike, and if they cannot agree to live together in the house with Samuel and Solomon, they are to assist each other in building houses and if either of them go off the room to settle he is to be assisted by his brothers, but he is not to return to the Room except by mutual consent, and my daughters Elizabeth and Rachel are to be maintained and taken care of on the premises until they may please to go away.
Seventhly, I give and bequeath all the money that may be remaining in the house or that may be owing to me after my just debts and funeral expenses are paid to be divided between Jonathan and Solomon.
Eighthly, I give and bequeath the residue of my goods and chattels to Samuel and Solomon. And lastly, I do hereby appoint my two sons Samuel and Jonathan Miller to be my executors to this my last will and testament consigning my son Solomon to the guardianship of his brother Samuel.
I do hereby publish and declare this to be my last will and testament in testimony of which I have hereunto set my mark and seal this 24th day of October 1843.
Declared and published in presence of Henry James Fitzgerald, M.A. Rector of St. Paul's, Trinity. Henry Sweetland.


"Secrets of the Dark Closet" from Christian Faith Publishing author Gayle Larson Schuck is an engrossing work of historical fiction following the life and travails of Bessie Kloubec, a bright and sensitive young girl navigating the pain and humiliation of her dysfunctional family in her small Midwest community.
"Secrets of the Dark Closet": is an engaging story of a young girl's courage and perseverance as her once happy family begins to unravel. The story opens in rural Iowa in 1899. "Secrets of the Dark Closet" is the creation of published author Gayle Larson Schuck, a former public relations professional who is a member of Dakota Writers and American Christian Writers who enjoys outdoor adventures with her family when not reading or writing.
A young girl's world is shattered, her family shamed and scattered in this coming-of-age story. Webster County, Iowa, 1899. Bessie Kloubec wants to be seen as more grown-up. After all, she's turning eleven. However, she's not prepared for the calamity that begins in the predawn hours of her birthday. Calamity that unravels her formerly happy family and indeed forces her into an adult role.
For the next year, Bessie navigates through a series of family disasters caused by her father's pain-induced alcoholism. Bewildered but brave, she struggles with her own fear and anger while trying to fix her broken family. But can she?
In 1904, Bessie is almost sixteen when the family moves to LaMoure County, North Dakota. Their secrets left behind in Iowa, they are welcomed into the community. However, when a new family scandal breaks out, Bessie's old fear and anger grips her again. Where can she find the healing needed so her heart can move forward?
Based on a true story and told in first-person, Bessie's dilemma is as relevant today as it was over one hundred years ago.
Published by Christian Faith Publishing, Gayle Larson Schuck's new book is an engrossing story of courage and determination as applicable to modern readers as it would have been to its heroine a century ago.
View a synopsis of "Secrets of the Dark Closet" on YouTube.
Readers can purchase "Secrets of the Dark Closet" at traditional brick and mortar bookstores, or online at Amazon.com, Apple iTunes store, Kobo or Barnes and Noble.
For additional information or inquiries about "Secrets of the Dark Closet", contact the Christian Faith Publishing media department at 866-554-0919.


text:
ANNIE KINNANE
Film Commercial About Posters
FilmCommercialAboutPosters
Following on from a successful marketing career, Annie Kinnane crossed over to production on big budget television commercials in the days when everything was shot on 35 or 16mm film. After 15 years in commercial and content production in 2009 she produced her first short film IPSO FACTO which was shortlisted at Tropfest. Her next short KINDRED was the first sci-fi short to star indigenous Australians and screened at the Boston Science Fiction Festival, SciFi Film Festival Australia and New Filmmakers New York.
In 2013 to fund her third short film, she secured Screen NSW's Emerging Film Makers Fund to produce FLAT DADDY starring Kat Stewart (West of Sunshine) and Kathryn Beck (These Final Hours) with Executive Producer Al Clark (Pricilla Queen of the Desert, Chopper). The short premiered at the opening of the St Kilda Film Festival and screened at the prestigious Palm Springs Shortfest USA (2015) where it was nominated for "Best Director" and "Best Score". It was an Official Selection of numerous noteworthy festivals and was nominated for "Best Short Fiction Film" in the Screen Producers Australia Awards, the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Awards (AACTA) and "Best Music for a Short Film" in the Australian Screen Music Awards.
The next two shorts Annie produced starred well known local actors; Maggie Blinco, Anna Lise Philips and Julian Garner in BABA (2016) … and Marcus Graham, Damien Garvey and Morgana Davies (Stormboy) in CALLIOPE'S PRELUDE (2018).
2018 saw the release of Annie's debut feature PIMPED with Andrena Finlay (Blessed, Goddess, Razzle Dazzle) as the film's consulting producer and Matt Reeder as Executive Producer (The Little Death). The thriller starring Ella Scott Lynch and Benedict Samuel (Walking Dead) premiered at FrightFest in London to solid reviews with an invitation to screen at HARD:LINE Festival Germany. Its Australian premier was Monster Fest at Cinema Nova, Melbourne (2018) with a limited cinema release in 2019.
Annie is a member of AACTA and a preselector and judge on numerous short film festivals.
Top Technicians Sydney
+ (61) 2 9958 1611
crew@toptechsmanagement.com.au
www.toptechsmanagement.com.au
annie@anniekinnane.com
Visit my IMDb or connect with me below to stay up-to-date with the latest projects, news and events.
Stay up-to-date with the latest projects, news and events.
Thank you for your interest. Periodically, we will update you on our projects.
Listen to a brief interview with producer Annie Kinnane about working on the short film 'Baba' directed by John Fink. See more about the film and behind the scenes interviews at www.babathefilm.com
About me: biography
Annie Kinnane, Awake Films
PO Box 7771, Bondi Beach,
Sydney, New South Wales, 2026,
+61 411 642 215 annie@anniekinnane.com
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This is the official Blaidd polo shirt in Orange. We suggest this is the shirt to wear when attending competitions. It has a full colour embroidered logo on the left breast and a one colour vinyl cut logo on the back.
As described by the manufacturer. The next generation in performance polo shirts, this men's style uses CoolPlus® fibre technology to give exceptional moisture management properties when working under pressure.


text:
HB88 – Repeal of the Youth and Training Wages January 28, 2021
What Now?! – June 17, 2020
The Guardian: "Donald Trump faced renewed criticism on Tuesday for what critics said was a "woeful" attempt at police reform that failed to address systemic racism and fell far short of the demands of Black Lives Matter activists seeking fundamental change.
The US president issued an executive order that would discourage police from using chokeholds, unless the officer thinks his or her life is at risk, which means there is no ban on using chokeholds; and create a national database for police misconduct.
But while Trump's remarks in the White House Rose Garden began with a sombre list of African Americans killed by police, they soon turned into something resembling a campaign speech, touting the stock market and retail sales and arguing "school choice" is the civil rights cause of our time.
Mike Pence's latest lies are much more dangerous than they first appear. His and Trump's constant efforts to create the *illusion* that we're roaring back to greatness make it less likely that we'll take steps to reduce future misery and death. New piece:https://t.co/AYbzNyR5Wa
— Greg Sargent (@ThePlumLineGS) June 16, 2020
"Vice President Mike Pence encouraged governors on Monday to adopt the administration's claim that increased testing helps account for the new coronavirus outbreak reports, even though evidence has shown that the explanation is misleading," the New York Times reports.
"In fact, seven-day averages in several states with outbreaks have increased since May 31, and in at least 14 states, the positive case rate is increasing faster than the increase in the average number of tests."
"House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-MD) has chosen June 26 to hold the first floor vote in a generation on D.C. statehood, hoping to harness a national reckoning on race and capitalize on widespread outrage over the federal response to street protests in the nation's capital," the Washington Post reports.
"Officials expect legislation making the District the 51st state to pass the House of Representatives with an overwhelming majority of Democrats, which would be a watershed moment for pro-statehood activists and the first time in U.S. history that either chamber of Congress has advanced a statehood bill."
"However, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) strongly opposes D.C. statehood and has said the legislation would not get a vote in the Senate as long as he's in charge."
Religious conservatives feel betrayed by GOP elites, and they're not wrong; it's just that they've already lost the culture war and the everyone knows it. I explore: https://t.co/K7BQvxYDCl
— Paul Waldman (@paulwaldman1) June 16, 2020
A white megachurch pastor apologized for saying white Americans don't think enough about the "blessing of slavery," Newsweek reports.
Pastor Louie Giglio said that white Americans understood "the curse that was slavery" but that they "miss the blessing of slavery—that it actually built up the framework for the world that white people live in and lived in."
House Judiciary Announces That Two 'Whistleblowers' Will Testify On DOJ Politicization https://t.co/PomcEmttPV pic.twitter.com/qgaYMdjpgd
— Talking Points Memo (@TPM) June 16, 2020
Two Justice Department officials — including one of the career prosecutors who quit the Roger Stone case — have agreed to testify under subpoena before the House Judiciary Committee next week about politicization under Attorney General William Barr, setting up a likely fight with the department about what they will be permitted to say, the Washington Post reports.
Police departments are going to be defunded and nothing is going to be "reinvested" in anything because unless Senate Republicans relent there's going to be a huge tidal wave of state/local austerity. https://t.co/tk03pX7sP2
— Matthew Yglesias (@mattyglesias) June 16, 2020
"Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell said the economy faces significant long-term damage from higher unemployment and a wave of small business failures due to the coronavirus pandemic, despite recent signs of improvement," the Wall Street Journal reports.
Said Powell: "Until the public is confident that the disease is contained, a full recovery is unlikely… If not contained and reversed, the downturn could further widen gaps in economic well-being that the long expansion had made some progress in closing."
The U.S. was once the world's most competitive economy. Under Donald Trump it has fallen to 10th in a new ranking, Bloomberg reports.
"The Trump administration is preparing a nearly $1 trillion infrastructure proposal as part of its push to spur the world's largest economy back to life," Bloomberg reports.
"A preliminary version being prepared by the Department of Transportation would reserve most of the money for traditional infrastructure work, like roads and bridges, but would also set aside funds for 5G wireless infrastructure and rural broadband."
.@dceiver makes the case for reinventing the USPS: https://t.co/RLf7iM6duh
— The New Republic (@newrepublic) June 16, 2020
Wall Street Journal: "Many black officers said they understood the anger behind nationwide protests initially sparked by the killing of George Floyd. Not only does law enforcement need to change how they police minority communities, these officers said, but departments also need to change how they treat their own minority officers…"
"African-Americans have taken leadership positions in numerous large police departments across the country over the past 20 years. Still, nationwide, the number of black officers has stayed steady at about 11%."
North Korea has blown up a joint liaison office used for talks between itself and South Korea, the latest sign that ties between the two longtime adversaries are rapidly deteriorating, CNN reports.
What 4 organizers want to see from America's protests https://t.co/mqpA0fqACT
— Vox (@voxdotcom) June 16, 2020
"Federal watchdogs are asking lawmakers for help after Trump administration legal rulings appeared to sharply limit their ability to monitor more than $1 trillion in coronavirus relief programs — including huge payouts to protect businesses threatened by the pandemic," Politicoreports.
"In a two-page letter to several House and Senate committees last week, but disclosed for the first time on Monday, the inspectors general responsible for coronavirus relief oversight said an 'ambiguity' in the main coronavirus response law — the CARES Act — allowed administration officials to sharply limit how much of the law's spending requirements they must collect and report."
Trump is blaming the uptick of coronavirus cases on an increase in coronavirus testing https://t.co/EcZ9i27odM
— New York Magazine (@NYMag) June 15, 2020
"President Trump is defying Tulsa's top public health official by pressing ahead with a massive indoor political rally there. Scores of his aides have been reporting to work in their office cubicles at his campaign headquarters. Virtually nobody around the president — neither White House staffers nor Secret Service agents — regularly wears a mask anymore. And social distancing is a thing of the past," the Washington Post reports.
"To observe Trump and his entourage this month as he prepares to resume normal campaign activity coast to coast could lead one to conclude that the coronavirus pandemic is over."
"In reality, the virus continues to ravage the United States and is fast spreading in some midsize and small cities that avoided bad outbreaks this spring. Recent spikes in coronavirus cases have been recorded in Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Texas and Oklahoma — all states where Trump has said he plans to soon hold campaign rallies."
"The decline in unemployment was actually driven by a drop in temporary layoffs. Strip those out, and what remains — let's call it the core unemployment rate — rose in May." https://t.co/mP4bBFQyR1 #cdnpoli
— Norman Spector (@nspector4) June 16, 2020
In a long-awaited report, an investigation conducted on behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that agency leadership violated its scientific integrity policy through actions that led to the release of a statement that backed President Trump's false statement about the path of Hurricane Dorian, the Washington Post reports.
The scandal over the forecast for Hurricane Dorian has come to be known as "Sharpiegate," after President Trump modified a NOAA forecast map shown in an Oval Office briefing to depict the storm threatening Alabama.
This is the story of how a group of self-styled truth-telling outsiders turned science's mythology against its institutions, warping it from a tool to fight the virus into a tool to attack the establishment: #longreads https://t.co/dTOlM7SJp7
Washington Post: "Over the past week and through Monday, Fox News's prime-time shows have repeatedly shown clips of violence from the end of May — often the same clips, over and over — to depict chaos and terror gripping the streets of the country. As protesters in Seattle took control of a few blocks in that city, it was blended with the scenes of violence from last month to continue the same narrative. Cities are collapsing — and the left is to blame."
Said Sean Hannity: "Protests continuing across the country. Anarchy, lawlessness reign supreme in Seattle. The police precinct there has been abandoned by city officials. Another precinct in Minneapolis was burned to the ground just a few weeks ago in riots that had nothing to do with the honor or memory of George Floyd."
"All of it was blended together — and not subtly. From June 8 through June 15, the three Fox prime-time shows showed video clips from violence in late May nearly two dozen times during the hosts' opening monologues alone — including as Hannity spoke about Minneapolis on Monday."
The Supreme Court's new decision could sink Trump's anti-LGBTQ agenda https://t.co/3X9ukAhqki
Sen. John Thune (R-SD) told The Hill that it is time to discuss renaming military bases named after Confederate figures and signaled that he is open to talking about changing the names.
Said Thune: "I think you reevaluate, given the timing and circumstances and where we are in the country, who we want to revere… by naming military installations and other national monuments. And so I think you have to periodically take a look at that and, in this case, it's perhaps time to do it."
0 comments on "What Now?! – June 17, 2020"


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Home » Media Center » Press Releases » March 26th 2020
Attorney General James Scores Major Win for 'Gig' Workers with Victory in Postmates Case
New York's Highest Court Rules That Postmates Delivery Drivers
Are Employees, Eligible for Unemployment Insurance
During Coronavirus Pandemic, Decision Will Allow Drivers to Collect Unemployment Benefits
NEW YORK – New York Attorney General Letitia James today announced that the New York State Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the state and against the food-delivery app Postmates, finding that workers for the app are considered employees for purposes of unemployment benefits. The majority of judges agreed that the company's workers are not independent contractors, and Postmates is thus obligated to pay into the state's Unemployment Insurance Fund for each employee.
"Today's decision is a huge victory for thousands of gig workers across New York," said Attorney General James. "The courts have solidified what we all have known for a while — delivery drivers are employees and are entitled to the same unemployment benefits other employees can obtain. As the nation battles the spread of the coronavirus and more and more employees are laid off, Postmates drivers should know they have the same safety net millions of others in New York have today. My office will always fight for workers' rights and to ensure every New Yorker receives the benefits they are entitled to."
Luis A. Vega, a former courier for Postmates, sought unemployment insurance benefits after he was terminated. When the state's Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board sided with Vega and stated he is an employee entitled to receive unemployment insurance benefits, Postmates filed a direct appeal under the Labor Law to challenge the Board's determination in the Appellate Division.
In ruling in favor of Vega today, the Court of Appeals agreed with the state's argument that Postmates exercised sufficient control over the work of its couriers to create an employer-employee relationship, writing that Postmates "dominates the significant aspects of its couriers' work by dictating to which customers they can deliver, where to deliver the requested items, effectively limiting the time frame for delivery and controlling all aspects of pricing and payment." In reaching this conclusion, the court applied its established test for deciding whether an employment relationship exists, focusing on whether the employer exercised control over the results produced or the means used to achieve the results. The court also emphasized that the application of this test "will necessarily vary depending on the nature of the work," explaining that Postmates' couriers are "low-paid workers performing unskilled labor who possess limited discretion over how to do their jobs."
This Court of Appeals' ruling is particularly relevant today as New Yorkers and Americans across the nation battle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in many workers losing their jobs and turning to unemployment insurance benefits to make ends meet.


In a world where there is a fear of climate change, pollution and overspending, it's no wonder that the local councils and the governments are constantly looking for ways to cut down on emissions and create a cleaner and happier place. The Mini Holland Program has started in London, and aims to make various areas more like Holland – in other words, it wants to encourage more cycling and less driving.
Not only are bicycles much cheaper than cars and other forms of transport, such as buses and trains, it's also a great way to keep people healthier and save some space on the roads. Bicycles don't need fuel either, so there are no worries about emissions and fumes, not to mention the money the user will save on petrol costs.
The Mayor of London and Transport for London came up with the idea of having a competition for the boroughs of outer London. With £100 million set aside for this project, there were various towns which put in their bids. In the end, £30 million each was given to Walthamstow, Enfield and Kingston. Since Walthamstow is a major town centre, there is a lot of scope to change the way people use transport in this particular area. It is already an area which is home to many cyclists, so it provided a great starting point for the Mini Holland scheme. There is some protest to the scheme from local businesses as road closures to motor vehicles will alter the way goods are delivered to some areas and possibly prevent some customers from reaching businesses by car.
While some drivers have an issue with cyclists taking up the road space, causing chaos during large cycling events and slowing down the flow of traffic, there are a lot of benefits to increasing the number of cyclists in a particular area. Studies have shown that there are fewer health problems, less pollution and more money to spend on other things.
However, in order to make Walthamstow a place where everybody feels that they are able to get on a bike and cycle from A to B, there are certain changes which must be made. First of all, a monthly family bike ride is organized. The participants meet at the Orford Road and Church Lane junction in Walthamstow Village at 1pm on the 2nd Sunday of each month, and families can brush up on their cycling skills, get to know the Walthamstow Village area better and enjoy quality time together.
Bike training sessions are also being arranged, which means that children and adults can become more confident when cycling on the roads. More bike lanes will be created so that residents feel safer on the roads alongside drivers, and more restrictive speed limits and bike routes will create a slower and safer environment for everybody.
Overall, the Mini Holland Program has not been created for the sole purpose of further benefiting people who are already keen cyclists. While this will definitely be a direct advantage of the scheme, it will also promote cycling as a means of transport and exercise, while being kinder to the environment and saving money all road. Quieter roads will mean that children and neighbours will feel safer playing outside or spending time in their gardens, and less exhaust fumes and emissions will create a healthier generation.


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From Sciencemadness Wiki
This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
A period in the periodic table is a row of chemical elements.
2 Periods
2.1 Period 1
2.8 Beyond period 7
3.1 Relevant Sciencemadness threads
All elements in a period have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law. For example, the halogens lie in the second-last column (group 17) and share similar properties, such as high reactivity and the tendency to gain one electron to arrive at a noble-gas electronic configuration.
In the s-block and p-block of the periodic table, elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties (vertical trends down groups are more significant). However, in the d-block (lanthanides), trends across periods become significant, and in the f-block elements (actinides) show a high degree of similarity across periods.
There are currently 7 complete periods in the periodic table, comprising the 118 known elements. Any new elements will be placed into an eighth period. Inside the periodic table, elements are generally color-coded below by their block for convenience.
The first period contains the fewest elements from the table, with only two, hydrogen and helium. They do not follow the octet rule, but rather a duplet rule. Chemically, helium behaves like a noble gas, and thus is often placed in group 18 elements. However, in terms of its nuclear structure it belongs to the s-block, and is therefore sometimes classified as a group 2 element, or simultaneously both 2 and 18. Hydrogen readily loses and gains an electron, and so behaves chemically as both a group 1 and a group 17 element.
Period 2 elements involve the 2s and 2p orbitals. Elements contained in this period are: lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. At standard conditions, the first four elements are solid and the other four are gasses.
Period 3 elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope. Elements in this period are: sodium, magnesium, aluminium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and argon. They all display an empty d orbital, which alters their oxidation states.
Period 4 contains most of the biologically essential metallic elements and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. Elements in this period are: potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, bromine and krypton. Of all the elements from this period, bromine is the first element liquid at room temperature, while krypton is the first of the noble gas elements that can form true chemical compounds at standard conditions.
Period 5 has the same number of elements as period 4 and follows the same general structure but with one more post transition metal and one fewer nonmetal. Elements in period 5 are: rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tellurium and xenon. Period 5 also includes technetium, the lightest exclusively radioactive element.
Period 6 is the first period to include the f-block, with the lanthanides, and includes the heaviest stable elements. Elements in this period are: caesium, barium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, astatine and radon.
All elements of period 7 are radioactive. Elements in this period are: francium, radium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, curium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, copernicium, nihonium, flerovium, moscovium, livermorium, tennessine and oganesson. This period contains the heaviest element which occurs naturally on Earth, plutonium. All of the subsequent elements in the period have been synthesized artificially. Whilst five of these (from americium to einsteinium) are now available in macroscopic quantities, most are extremely rare, having only been prepared in microgram amounts or less. Some of the later elements have only ever been identified in laboratories in quantities of a few atoms at a time.
Beyond period 7
No element of the 8th period has yet been synthesized. A g-block is predicted. It is not clear if all elements predicted for the eighth period are in fact physically possible. There may therefore be no 9th period.
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Retrieved from "http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Period&oldid=14361"
Topical Compendium
How-to pages
Missing pictures
How to infobox
About Sciencemadness Wiki


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AF Officer Charged After Facebook Chats With Teen
Orlando Sentinel | By Susan Jacobson
An Air Force Reserve lieutenant colonel was arrested Monday after he exchanged sexually-charged Facebook chats with a 17-year-old boy, court documents show.
The parents of the teen contacted the FBI in Maitland on Sept. 11 to report the inappropriate messages between their son and Stephen "Steve" Governale, a protocol officer at MacDill Air Fore Base in Tampa.
The boy told agents he met Governale, 49, in October 2009 through a group affiliated with the military. Governale invited the boy in September 2010 to attend a conference in Brevard County, and the two stayed together in a hotel room, documents state.
Governale, a protocol officer, and the boy watched a pornographic movie, shared a bed and engaged in sexual conduct, according to the government. Governale assured the boy that what they were doing "was not gay," paperwork states.
Last spring, Governale picked the boy up in Seminole County and drove him to a function at Patrick Air Force Base in Brevard, the teen told investigators. The two again stayed together in a hotel and engaged in similar behavior, prosecutors said.
Since then, they have communicated via Facebook. On Sept. 12, the boy's parents gave FBI agents permission to pretend to be their son on the social network.
Governale engaged in explicit chats with agents in Orange and Volusia counties. In one exchange, an agent wrote that he was 17 and in school, a transcript shows. Governale asked the "boy" to erase the chats.
Governale was arrested Friday when agents say he went to pick up the teenager at an undisclosed location.
He was being held without bail Monday at the Seminole County Jail on a charge of using the Internet to entice a minor to engage in sexual activity.
Governale is a married father of a daughter who went to high school and college in Washington State, according to his Facebook page.
Crime Air Force Topics
© Copyright 2019 Orlando Sentinel. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


During WAM's weekly show with the one and only G. Edward Griffin, Mr. Griffin broke down his research into incredible cancer treatments (primarily Vitamin B17) which he of course wrote an extensive book on in the 1970s utilizing much of the incredible research of Dr. John A Richardson.
G. Edward Griffin turns 88 years old this year and is in better shape than most 45 year olds. He attributes a lot of this to not taking test tube medication and sticking to natural diets for the most part.
He breaks down his research into type 2 diabetes as well. He was told 20 years ago that he had the beginning signs of type two diabetes and he overcame it. His perspective is a great example of demonstrable evidence. Right in front of your eyes.


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Suomi, 40 Years Later
One of the most memorable passages in Animal Liberation is about the animal research done by Harry Harlow and Stephen Suomi in the 1950s. The two used rhesus monkeys to investigate maternal attachment, maternal deprivation, and depression. Of course, their real concern was about these phenomena in human beings, but they were using animals as a "model." Reason: you could do things to animals in a controlled lab setting that would be completely horrendous if done to human beings.
For one, Harlow and Suomi tried to induce depression in baby monkeys by letting them become attached to a mother apparatus that could become aggressive. This is a paragraph from a Harlow-Suomi joint paper written in 1970 (quoted in Singer, pg. 33)--
The first of these monsters was a cloth monkey mother who, upon schedule or demand, would eject high-pressure compressed air. It would blow the animal's skin practically off its body. What did the baby monkey do? It simply clung tighter and tighter to the mother, because a frightened infant clings to its mother at all costs. We did not achieve any psychopathology.
However, we did not give up. We built another surrogate monster mother that would rock so violently that the baby's head and teeth would rattle. All the baby did was cling tighter and tighter to the surrogate. The third monster we built had an embedded wire frame within its body which would spring forward and eject the infant from its ventral service. The infant would subsequently pick itself off the floor, wait for the frame to return into the cloth body, and then cling again to the surrogate. Finally, we built our porcupine mother. On command, this mother would eject sharp brass spikes over all over the ventral surface of its body. Although the infants were distressed by these pointed rebuffs, they simply waited until the spikes receded and then returned and clung to the mother.
What Harlow and Suomi learned is that baby monkeys remain attached to very bad mothers. And then they inferred the same about human babies.
By 1972, they'd come up with another way to induce and study depression. They had started placing baby monkeys in vertical stainless steel wells for up to 45 days. They learned that this produces "persistent psychopathology." So probably in people too.
Harry Harlow died several years ago, but Stephen Suomi is alive and well. Is he an outcast now, living out his days in some retirement home for sadistic psychologists? In the back of my mind, I suppose I thought that must be true. This research is shameful because it was hideously cruel and didn't teach us things we couldn't have found out in less harmful ways. Surely the scientific community banishes people who fall so far short of ethical standards.
Well...I was completely right, if you call it banishment when someone is set up in an NIH laboratory for life. I must say, I was surprised to find Suomi featured in a December article in Atlantic. It turns out that life after collaborating with Harry Harlow has not been so bad:
Of all the evidence supporting the orchid-gene hypothesis[the subject of the article], perhaps the most compelling comes from the work of Stephen Suomi, a rhesus-monkey researcher who heads a sprawling complex of labs and monkey habitats in the Maryland countryside—the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory of Comparative Ethology. For 41 years, first at the University of Wisconsin and then, beginning in 1983, in the Maryland lab the NIH built specifically for him, Suomi has been studying the roots of temperament and behavior in rhesus monkeys—which share about 95 percent of our DNA, a number exceeded only in apes.
You can read the article and consider whether this is research that really serves a vital purpose. But I have to say that it saddens me to see Suomi's earlier efforts so richly rewarded.
A short interview with Suomi (with a clip about the 50s research) is here--
Labels: animals, ethics
amos said...
The zeitgeist about animal research has changed so much in 40 years. We're all products of our times.
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What Karen Dawn Said
My First Born
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'use strict';

exports.id = 'sub-inner-inner';
exports.outer = require('../../sub-longer/other');
exports.modId = module.id;


It's time to increase speed and hit your opponent, if you manage to dodge the blow you will become a master of the bumper cars. Choose a vehicle, turn on the lights and turn the disco ball, soon the fun will begin.
One of the great unknowns within the world of fairgrounds revolves around the exact origin of the bumper cars. Some claim that they were invented by Victor Levand, who came to work for General Electric, while others say that the creators were Max and Harold Stoehrer, of Massachusetts.
What is certain is that the Stoehrer brothers were the first to develop the patent for their bumper cars, created the 'Shock Company' at the beginning of the 20th century and brought to light their first model in 1920.
One of the properties of magnets is that they have the possibility of joining or repelling. If you apply it to this set, there could be two modes, a normal tracking mode, and another crazy mode, where the magnets repel each other looking for their best output.
After this small historical and technical pause, just tell you that the set includes the "Supercar circuit", 8 minifigures, a kitten, a crane and 5 bumper cars.
A set that I think ensures a lot of fun. Thank you very much for the visit, I hope I won your support.