ST. PAUL, Minn.—MNsure's sixth open enrollment period begins today, November 1, at 7 a.m. MNsure has extended the enrollment deadline to January 13, 2019, to ensure Minnesotans have more time to find the best plan for them and their families.
MNsure has a /help/find-assister/index.jspstatewide network of expert assisters who can help you apply and enroll in-person, free of charge.
More than 535,000 Minnesotans have accessed coverage through MNsure during the 2018 plan year. In 2019, individuals earning up to $48,560 a year, or a family of four earning up to $100,400 a year, could qualify for federal tax credits. Additional /shop-compare/financial-help/income-guidelines/index.jspincome guidelines are available on the MNsure website. Approximately 65 percent of current enrollees are receiving tax credits.
"We recommend Minnesotans visit MNsure.org to find the right plan for them and their families," said MNsure CEO Nate Clark. "MNsure is the exclusive place for Minnesotans to tap into tax credits that could save them thousands."


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The TRUTH About Unemployment! - MILLIONS Of Jobs WIPED OUT
Josh Sigurdson talks with Tim Picciott, The Liberty Advisor about the massive growing unemployment problem in the United States and elsewhere. Despite the signalling of both sides of the political spectrum, the jobs numbers are not good. The real numbers are hidden in the labor force participation rate as they have for many many years. Both sides like to tout how many jobs they "created," but don't mention that we now see 25% of income coming from the government via stimulus programs. That's an absolutely shocking number and most of those people after a period of time are not considered unemployed which by itself completely manipulates the labor numbers. Tim breaks down what this means and why we're seeing a massive labor income loss.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3AIUfZmSXo
or LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@WAM:0/the-truth-about-unemployment-millions-of:c
For more from Tim Picciott please use the links below:
Lbry.tv https://lbry.tv/$/invite/@thelibertyadvisor:2
Livestreams at https://flote.app/TheLibertyadvisor
Bitchute https://www.bitchute.com/accounts/referral/thelibertyadvisor/
Thursday Sep 10, 2020
TJS episode 15 - Is The Fed TAKING OVER The Housing Market?! - This Is INSANE!
On this episode of Tim and John show we cover all the insanity ranging from election uncertainty to market mania. Tim explains how the FED owns a third of all mortgages in the US while John gives his take on how monetary destruction will play out. Economist suggests bribing US citizens to take vaccine, and then implore others to take the vaccine too. Americans pay down credit card debt for 5th month in a row. Ohio pension fund dips their tows into gold, hedging against inflation. China gradually sells 20% of its US treasury holdings while the US quietly ramps up defense spending via the exchange stabilization fund as US/China tensions rise. John brings attention to the To Big To Fail virtual workshop put on by the Financial Stability Board, and explains their importance in global finance. Stay tuned as Tim and John switch off of YouTube and in to their overdrive session where they get into a grab bag of topics not allowed to be discussed by YouTube's commie'unity guidelines.
You can view the 1st hour of this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxhKQV1s84Q
or can view the full show on LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@thelibertyadvisor:2/Tim-and-John-Show-Episode-15-video:b
Join the conversation in Tim's Discord community: https://discord.gg/vkxUkqg
More Podcasts: www.thelibertyadvisorshow.com
Lbry.tv https://open.lbry.com/@thelibertyadvisor:2?r=8anhqXQMKf7NVVZ3U2kpG8g7KFCZTnrM
Jim Cramer WARNS: The Stock Market Could CRASH! - Why This Bubble Is DANGEROUS
Josh Sigurdson talks with Tim Picciott, The Liberty Advisor about the warning Jim Cramer of Mad Money just put forward despite years of being largely wrong. This time Cramer is saying something logical. Watch out for the stock market!
During one of his latest shows, Cramer urged investors not to be fooled by all time highs as millions are going homeless, millions are losing their jobs, thousands of small businesses are running out of cash and closing their doors, there's no reason to be bullish going into the end of 2020. The only reason the stock market is looking good is because the Federal Reserve is printing trillions and is also buying bonds in huge numbers.
When push comes to shove and the currency being printed ends up liquid, a rude awakening is coming.
While one would usually be better off not doing what Jim Cramer says, he's not wrong about the concerning signals the stock market is giving off.
Tim explains the issue at hand and gives people some idea as to what they can do to save themselves in his opinion.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KkfnpCJBAk&t=0s
or LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@WAM:0/jim-cramer-warns-the-stock-market-could:9
Thursday Aug 20, 2020
Tim's Guest Spot on Declare Your Independence 8/19/2020
On this episode of Declare Your Independence with Earnest Hancock, Tim and Earnest talk about the deleted Microsoft commercial featuring Marina Abramovich and the detriment it did to Bill Gate's reputation. Warren Buffet buys gold, and the USPS filed a patent for a block chain voting system. Tim gives his take on presidential candidates and who will take the election. Small businesses get hosed by lockdown mandates while the richest get richer. Tim breaks down how the FED uses Blackrock to purchase corporate bonds, and who benefits. And more on this episode of DYI.
Lbry.tv https://lbry.tv/@Thelibertyadvisor:0
Tuesday Aug 18, 2020
Tim and John Show: Staunch Gold Critic Warren Buffet Finally Buys Gold and More
Back from a small hiatus Tim and John give their take on Warren Buffet becoming a gold bug. John pokes fun at slow inferior banking networks while reminding them that Bitcoin is ready to eat their lunch, and Tim feels the pain in the pocket book along with many other parents who make the decision to home school their children. While most German bonds are negative yielding, stock buy backs are back in the US. With new technology on the horizon Governments appear to be in a race to debase their currencies. As we close in on the US presidential election the United States Postal Service has been awarded a patent for a blockchain voting system. And last up, China ramps up testing of its centralized digital currency eRMB with the US FED not far behind testing its own digital currency.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pFvUhviahQ
Or LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@thelibertyadvisor:2/tim-and-john-show-live-staunch-gold:0
For more from Tim Picciot please use the links below:
Sunday Aug 16, 2020
RECESSION In The UK! - The COLLAPSE Of The Global Economy CONTINUES!
Josh Sigurdson talks with Tim Picciott about the now declared technical recession in the United Kingdom as hundreds of millions lose their jobs worldwide and massive numbers of small businesses go under. While the UK has technically been in a recession for 11 years, many articles will point out that the UK is in its first recession in 11 years. The whole of the 11 years they were in a recession papered over again and again. With that said, they are calling this a "technical recession" as GDP falls to 2003 lows. We can thank global lockdowns for this economic mayhem which will surely destroy far more lives than the illness that must not be named.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dPjqhihM54&t=0s
or LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@WAM:0/recession-in-the-uk-the-collapse-of-the:3
False Flag Alien INVASION To SAVE The Economy? - Pentagon Pushes UFO Hype!
On this episode of WAM Tim gives his take on project blue beam and how a potential alien invasion would effect the economy as the media pumps stories coming out of the Pentagon on a regular basis regarding UFOs and alien life forms in an apparent attempt to set the stage for what many claim will be a false flag attack.
Without anyone asking, the Pentagon has been releasing tons of information on UFOs. Considering things like Project Blue Beam and distraction mechanisms of the media, it is highly suspicious that we're hearing so much about aliens and UFOs now. Paul Krugman long ago made the claim that a faked alien invasion would save the economy. We analyze the notion and look at the recent stories coming out of the Pentagon.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH_38Tsf_M8&t=0s
or LBRY at https://lbry.tv/@WAM:0/false-flag-alien-invasion-to-save-the:6
Friday Jul 31, 2020
Ray Dalio WARNS: The Dollar Could CRASH! - THIS Is The END GAME!
On this episode of WAM Tim explains the strains on the dollar and the effect on the populace as Ray Dalio points out, versus other fiat currencies, the US dollar is not looking good and that it's not sound money. Though this also goes counter to many of the claims he's made in the past. It is certainly interesting to see all of these big institutional investors say exactly what we've been saying for years as if they're showing up with their tail between their legs knowing that we're right in the end game.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9rkZ_Axhlg
Wednesday Jul 29, 2020
As Economy CRASHES, The Fed EXTENDS Emergency Relief! - What You NEED To Know!
On this episode of WAM Tim and Josh talk about the extension of the emergency relief plan into 2021.
In the usual fashion of government and central banks, they break your legs, offer you a wheelchair, and then insist that you wouldn't be getting around so well without them.
As millions face homelessness, as government destroys millions of livelihoods, businesses, mortgages, etc... They're here to help fix that problem they created in the first place by throwing more money at the problem, creating a bigger problem in the long term.
This circular system of centralization always ends badly and this time is for the history books.
The emergency lending program has been extended 3 months to the end of 2020 and shows no sign of relenting after that.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbs44evPMf8
COLLAPSE Of The Housing Market IMMINENT! - Millions To Be Evicted!
On this episode of WAM Tim and Josh talk about the imminent collapse of the housing market alongside the global economy as eviction moratoriums are extended according to Kudlow.
28 million homeowners and renters (9 out of 100 Americans) were set to go homeless this week as moratoriums expired due to the massive shutdowns enforced unto the populace. The extension pushes off the inevitable a little bit longer but certainly only makes the long term problem worse.
With the Federal Reserve printing vast amounts of currency into the artificial stock market and the majority of people deferring on their mortgages, this is leading to an unprecedented strain on the already bubbled housing market (depending on the locale) which could easily buckle under the weight.
In this video we talk about the effects this will have on the housing market, homeowners, renters and the stock market as well as the absurdity of this central planning we're currently witnessing.
You can view this content on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSHYApq5XkA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi, I am a US citizen and petitioned for my parents to get permanent residency. They are residents abroad (not in the country they are from, but a place with a US embassy) and we have opted for consular process.
Three (pretty loaded!) questions I would appreciate any insight on, and here's the background : they both hold valid b1 b2 visas that were issued before beginning with the I130 process. They typically travel to the US once a year for vacation and visit family. They would like to do the same this summer and even though we filed beginning of January have only just had the paperwork get to the NVC. Most likely they will not have an interview or get the green card before their desired travel date.
1) can they travel to the US for a month or two with their visit visa while case is in process? Is there any risk of the immigration officer rejecting their entry or effecting their case if there is a presumption that they intend to immigrate even though that's not the case? Would it be helpful for them to take paperwork like leases bank statements, return ticket, and work documents showing proof they are going back?
2) what is the typical process at this stage, the last thing we were able to do was file the i261 and pay the petitioner fee and it's been stuck at that point not letting me pay applicants fee yet. I have no lawyer or guidance and would just appreciate any insight on what happens next in the process and when I need to file the affidavit of support or anything else, and when past that should we expect an interview date to be set.
While they can legally travel to US, the CBP has the authority to return them back if he believes they will not return back. You said NVC process has already started, in that case it's possibly a month or two left for the visa interview. I wouldn't be surprised if CBP doesn't believe that they plan to stay in the US for two months on a tourist visa, go right back for the interview and come back as immigrants. While the rejection doesn't hamper their immigrant visa, can't they wait a month or two and come to US permanently?
Within a week or two, you will possibly be asked to pay the visa application fees and provide the financial and civil documents. I guess its only a few months of wait for the visa interview.
Though not advisable, rescheduling is allowed. It's better to return back and prepare for interview including medical.
thanks so much for your support. the fact is, they will not be ready to move to the US immidietly after the interview either. they will need to settle affairs in the country they are at and it will be around 6 months or so before they move but they will be back and forth frequently during that time. this one to two month vacation is something they always do at this time and is not a matter of them wanting to spend more time in the US in anticipation of a quick move. they are intent on going back to the country for the interview and since they both have work obligations there to complete.


Once you�ve set up the above tool, you will need to open up your terminal (or command prompt for Windows) and run the command from Step 7. The only difference is that you have to add �adb... Step5a � Now for windows � in the desktop shift + right click simultaneously, and select �open command window here� or �Open PowerShell here�. Step6b � For Mac � open terminal by pressing right click on desktop and select terminal.
In the command prompt Go to this path or set as classpath F:\PROJECTS\ANDROID\android-sdk_r10-windows\android-sdk-windows\tools. Then type . adb shell... Step 2: Open a Command Window in the Right Directory Next, you'll need to open a command window on your computer, which is how you'll send the ADB command to block heads up notifications. The tricky part is making sure the command window is open to the right directory.
A command window will open after starting the program. 4. Here you have to press �Y� key on the keyboard if you want to begin the installation process otherwise press �N� .
Shortly after this, your device will start appearing in the command window. This shows that you�ve successfully installed the necessary ADB tools on your computer.
In the Command Prompt window, enter the following command to launch the ADB daemon: adb devices On your phone�s screen, you should see a prompt to allow or deny USB Debugging access. Naturally, you will want to grant USB Debugging access when prompted (and tap the always allow check box if you never want to see that prompt again).


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The wedding season is up to let you drench in its happy colors. This is the time when you can pep yourself with embellished attired and jewels. For the same reason, we are sure you must be in need of the trendy style guide.
Therefore, Tistabene team came together to collect some of the best wedding jewellery collection flaunted by the current Bigg Boss participant, Hina Khan, who is also known for her fantastic dressing style apart from her acting in daily soaps.
So, here are a few looks of Hina Khan with design jewellery and costumer perfectly suitable for you this wedding season.
Black is that color which can form a part of any attire. The shimmer short jacket over black with designer skirt looks every bit of regal. However, if you notice closely, it is the necklace that elegantly gives a touch up to her personality.
Get The Look: A highly resembling wedding necklace set for the attire that needs to be given a traditional touch.
Now that the chilly winds have started blowing at night, you must be getting your attires designed in full sleeves and high necks. And it must be confusing as to what jewellery to really go for. Well, in this case, you can play it smart with going for rings, hathphool and earrings, just like Hina did.
Get The Look: The stackable International Diamond rings is a good choice for you as your wear the pair of 5 rings individually as well as stack them up to give it look of single ring.
A floral skirt with a plain top- what else do you want? The crop top and skirt pattern has been in trend and definitely be adorned if it is a wedding of somebody not so else. It looks classy and traditional in every way.
Get The Look: Be it any plain top, you know you're good to go to a wedding with this subtle and elegant necklace.
An off-shoulder top would obviously need a necklace that clearly highlights that bare area. It is smart to opt a necklace like the one in Hina Khan's jewellery collection.
Get The Look: You can get this look by trying our kundan meena wedding necklace available online in our latest bridal wear collection.
And finally the most talked piece makes its appearance. A designer jacket over skirt and top pattern is getting some serious attention. So, guys go for it because Hina Khan has tried it to.
Get The Look: Get all pretty-pretty with this sophisticated beaded kundan meena necklace only at Tistabene.


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When it comes to outsourcing article writing online, not everyone has the budget (or the need) to pay for absolute top-quality stuff. For example, I hire my services out as an article writer but I charge as much for one article as most people are willing to pay for half a dozen. If you're just looking for some content to slap up on an Adsense-style blog, or Web 2.0s, or article directories (although why on earth would you bother with those rubbishy things?) then cheaper articles can be fine. And where better to purchase affordable content than the two great mainstays of budget unique articles; iWriter and Hire Writers.
I have already reviewed both in the past (my review of iWriter is here, and you can read my Hire Writers review in this post). However, in gladiatorial fashion I'm going to pit the two against each other in this blog post.
To make things a little more interesting I will also give my opinion as to whether it is better to write for iWriter, or to write for Hire Writers. Now as a rule I don't really recommend writing for any kind of content mill (simply because you get paid such peanuts compared to what you could earn as an independent writer). However, I also understand that writing for so-called "content mills" does appeal to many on the basis that you can get a reasonable quantity of guaranteed work and you never have to market yourself either.
From a buyer's perspective the two initially seem very close. In fact, they seem so similar that I'm almost convinced they are built on the same platform or something. Both Hire Writers and iWriter allow you to purchase articles through a very simple interface. All you need to do is credit your account using Paypal, and then create a "project" (this is where you buy a bunch of articles based around a theme, so for my self-help site I might create a "self-help articles" project).
You then specify the length of articles you want, and whether you wish to hire basic, intermediate, or premium writers; obviously it's gonna cost you more to hire the more experienced writers. Once you've added the keywords you want content for, just hit the submit button and it's all done. There is almost no difference at all between iWriter and its alternative, Hire Writers, when it comes to the process of actually getting stuff written.
On both sites you can preview an article before approving/paying for it. Writers have to be willing to make improvements and revisions as you see fit. Both sites very much favor the buyer in any form of dispute as well.
Despite the immense similarities, in my experience the writers at Hire Writers tend to produce better quality content for the price range. I'm not going to say it's perfect; even at the "higher end" $10 per 100 word articles, you will still find plenty of edits to make and meaningful content is always thin on the ground. But comparatively Hire Writers does seem to offer more bang for your buck, which is why I recommend budget-conscious Internet marketing newbies buy from there, rather than from iWriter.
From a writer's perspective there is no debate here; you are better off writing for iWriter than Hire Writers. If you take a quick peek at my existing review of Hire Writers you will notice a lot of pissed-off people complaining about getting their accounts banned at random (even when they have balances owing to them for successfully writing articles). Reading other forums and reviews also reveals the same thing; Hire Writers appears to have a bit of a nasty habit of banning writers left right and center, and also not giving banned writers any form of appeal process.
In contrast, while there are stories about iWriter accounts being blocked I have actually written a few articles on iWriter myself. I did this to test the process and actually see what it's like to have to churn out content under such strict time pressure. Although I cannot say that I enjoyed the experience, I also got paid and received a credit by Paypal. If you live in a country where the US dollar is very strong compared to your local currency, then you could actually make some decent money on iWriter. I figured that if I could write at such a speed that I could do a 500 word article in 20 minutes, it would be possible (once an Elite writer) to make about $20 an hour. Not terrible money, but unfortunately there is no guarantee of work and it can be very difficult to actually write that fast for an extended period of time.
Still, if by some cruel twist of fate I was forced to rely on either iWriter or Hire Writers to put bread on the table, I would pick iWriter every time.
To conclude, it is very clear that if you are buying content, then the iWriter alternative – Hire Writers – is the best solution. However, if you are looking to write for some extra pennies, then you are definitely better off on iWriter; all evidence points to a better "deal" for writers in terms of getting paid reliably and less random account bans and uncertainty.
Go here to join Hire Writers and outsource your articles, or visit iWriter here if you wish to write content for money.
Thank you for this highly informative article. I have been writing for Hire Writers for a short while and can testify to the complaints other individuals are upset about. I received a email from "Brandon" expressing two account listed for me. My overall response to him was for Hire Writers to check their records and look at both the names, information and tax information on accounts. Remember, after making so much money, Hire Writers ask individuals to fax over a legitimate IRS I-9 form signature signed. COMMON SENSE shows that if the information is not the same, then guess what…IT IS NOT THE SAME INDIVIDUAL!
Just like Hire Writers can shut down accounts…The IRS can shut down businesses too.
People wake up! I know the economy is struggling, but it should not be further at your expense! You are better than that. Open your own writing business. Freelance your talents to local agencies or across the globe. Writing takes time and plenty or thoughts behind it to create the perfect masterpiece. LISTEN TO ME: YOU EARNED EVERY PENNY OF THAT MONEY AND SHOULD NEVER HAVE TO GIVE ANY PORTION OF IT AWAY!
Thank you very much for taking the time to read my post and comment.
I'm sorry to hear that you have had your Hirewriters account frozen. It certainly seems bizarre that the owner of the site would try to accuse anybody of having multiple accounts if they can provide two tax information forms. As I'm not from the United States I am not fully conversant with American tax regulations, but I can't imagine that the IRS would hand out multiple tax IDs to the same individual!
Could you please let me know how much money you were owed before your account was closed?
hirewriters doesnt ask for tx forms ofr tx ids from their writers. They lie and freeze peoples accounts, and steal their money.
Thanks for this review, it was pretty good I have to say. I went with HireWriters.com and was extremely impressed! I tried the expert writers right away instead of messing around with lower tiered writers. I got my article on time, and it didn't even need a single bit of editing… I can't tell you how happy I am to of found this service!


text:
Chile: Boric takes giant leap for women's empowerment with cabinet picks
Women get 14 of the 24 cabinet posts
By R. Viswanathan Updated: January 23, 2022 12:01 IST
A collage of Gabriel Boric and Camila Vallejo | Via Twitter
Gabriel Boric, president-elect of Chile, has announced a cabinet with women in majority. Of the 24 cabinet posts in total, he has given 14 to women.
Boric—who at the age of 35 is the youngest person to become Chile's president—has chosen a young, inclusive and progressive team. The average age of the cabinet is 49.
Boric has made Salvador Allende's granddaughter, Maya Fernandez Allende, defence minister. This is the best way of paying tribute to the leftist president who was overthrown by the rightist military in 1973. This is poetic justice. She will initiate reforms in the Chilean military, which has been enjoying sweetheart deals and privileges inherited from the dictatorship era. Maya Fernandez's family lived in exile in Cuba after the Chilean military coup and she returned to Chile in 1990. Her father was a Cuban diplomat.
The new interior minister is another woman, Izkia Siches, ex-militant leader of the Communist Party. She will oversee the police, which used high-handed methods against the student protesters.
The Communist Party firebrand and student protest leader Camila Vallejo (age 33) will be the spokesperson of the government. She was president of the University of Chile Student Federation and the main spokesperson of the Confederation of Chilean Students. Described as "the world's most glamorous revolutionary" by The New York Times, she became an iconic figure in Latin America. Vallejo's father and mother were members of the Communist Party.
Camila Vallejo was a rival to Gabriel Boric in the student movement. She had lost a student union election to Boric.
Ex-student protest leader becomes Chile's youngest president
'Chilean Poet' reflects change, optimism of the new Chile
Gabriel Boric: New-generation leftist who will be president of Chile
OPINION: Chile's elections highlight importance of centrists in country's democracy
Boric has chosen the 62-year-old Central Bank chief and socialist leader Mario Marcel as finance minister. This has given the right message and reassurance that he would not do anything drastic to upend the macroeconomic fundamentals of the country.
Boric's choice of a women majority in the cabinet complements the gender parity of the Chilean Constitutional Assembly, which has fifty per cent women, the first of its kind in world history to have such gender parity. It has 78 men and 77 women. The first president of the assembly was a woman Elisa Loncon, a member of the indigenous Mapuche group. She has now been replaced by another woman, Maria Elisa Quinteros.
The author is an expert in Latin American affairs.
📣 The Week is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@TheWeekmagazine) and stay updated with the latest headlines
Police baton-charge ISF demonstrators in Kolkata; several injured
Sports Ministry suspends WFI assistant secretary Vinod Tomar amid wrestling row
'Kantara 2' will be a prequel, to explore backstory of deity. Details here
Higher royalty payments to limit margin expansion for Hindustan Unilever, say analysts
Drop in the number of migratory birds in Bengal sanctuary
How a military-industrial ecosystem is fast taking shape in India
How Hkinn's photos from Myanmar showcase impact of military rule
'Docfluencers must stick to giving medical advice': Dr Anil Heroor
*Articles appearing as INFOCUS/THE WEEK FOCUS are marketing initiatives


.: North Bay Invitational :: Ski XCOttawa.ca :: Skiing in Ottawa and Gatineau Park :.
The Carleton University Nordic Ski Team travelled to North Bay last weekend for the North Bay OUA invitational. The weekend was plagued with extreme cold temperatures, with Sunday's races cancelled, as temperatures barely made it above -30! Fortunately, the North Bay Nordic Centre was blessed with a balmy -18 for the distance skate races on Saturday. The races were initially thought to be held on a hilly 5km course, but with the cold, the course was changed to a flatter, 3km loop, with the men doing four laps, and the women doing three.
The day started out a 1pm, with the men's 12km race. Carleton was well represented with ten guys competing in a category with 40 participants. In the end, Carleton/XCOttawa skiers showed their dominance, with Matthias Purdon, Peter Beisel, Andre Marchand, Kyle Power, Lee Hawkings, and Logan Potter finishing 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 13th respectively. Nansen Murray, Michael Abbott, Devan Fair, and Taylor Pieprzak round out the Carleton crew with finishes of 7th, 16th, 17th, and 23rd.
The women's team all braved the cold by racing with strips of duct tape on their faces to prevent frostbite. Carleton and XCOttawa's Ingrid Hagberg set the fastest time of the day for the 9km free, ahead of Candace Ball and Janel Sauder of Laurentian. Carleton's Brittany Pearson finished 4th, Monika Stoeger 7th, Freya Wasteneys 10th, Liza Rozina 11th, and Bella Waterton 12th.
Many thanks to all the organisers and volunteers, who put on a great event despite the cold. Thanks also to our coaches, Chris Mamen and Rob Macdonald, and their helpers, Sarah and Kent Mamen, for all the effort and hard work they put in to making our skis extra fast!
Here are some pictures of the event, from Brittany Pearson.
Andre lapping through the stadium.
Rookie Devan Fair in his first race for Carleton.
Logan powering up the last climb.
Liza Rozina attacks the final climb into the stadium.
XC News: Fall Parkway Closure Schedule and Special Events!


We Develop Good Mobile Applications.
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Hornex is a long established company with our consulting team who are privileged to have been exposed to a large number of companies and their diverse- systems, brand/marketing requirements and demands.


Excited to get beers, check out merch tables, and hit the restroom during Volbeat's set!
"Why is there no dates for Florida... not fair"
There weren't any dates listed at all. You are definitely from Florida.
"There weren't any dates listed at all. You are definitely from Florida."
You're an absolute moron. Check the article again.
Volbeat is a band? I thought it was a clothing company for skaters?
Those are venues participating in the Tickets To Rock promotion, not scheduled dates for the Slipknot tour, fckface.
0 West coast tour dates. fck YOU.
That list is just venues for the Tickets To Rock promotion. These aren't specific tour dates. There is nothing that says this Slipknot tour will go through all of those venues, or that those are the only venues/cities. Tickets to Rock is through LiveNation, which much of the country doesn't use for events, and wouldn't be part of this promotion. Y'all motherfckers need to learn to read.
""There weren't any dates listed at all. You are definitely from Florida."
You're an absolute moron. Check the article again."
What grade were you in when your mother-sister made you drop out, you waste of space??
^ Yes, which means any of the yet-to-be announced Slipknot dates that go through any of those venues will qualify for the Ticket To Rock promotion. This is not Slipknot's your dates. They may or may not go through all of those venues, and that list is not their specific intinerary. As it says right above the list, "Among participating venues are the following:".
That FL sun has melted your fcking brain, moron.


Organising events can be a real pain. There are so many things to consider and inevitably there will be problems that you can't forsee that will lead to complications.
Getting people registered and set up is half the battle. Yet, that can be a problem all of its own as you attempt to collect and keep track of all the information.
This is where instaGiv's Registration via SMS feature really comes into its own.
Registration via SMS is easy with instaGiv. Using our platform you can send text messages to supporters.
All you have to do is write a short text message and select a keyword.
The supporters can then reply with a keyword to register their interest in an event, add their name to a petition or sign up for a fundraiser.
You'll then have clear records of who has registered and can give supporters the option to receive further messages in the future.
SMS has a much higher open and response than email marketing. This means that you're likely to get many more people signing up for your event via text message than you would through traditional marketing methods.
An SMS campaign would also be considerably cheaper than traditional marketing channels and also take less time and effort to set up.
There are so many uses for the humble text message when it comes to events. You can use them to say thanks to supporters that have signed up, point them towards your website or social media, or request donations.
Registering via SMS is just one of the great SMS services that instaGiv has to offer. Your charity can also harness the power of SMS to gather more followers and bring in more donations.
Just upload a list of phone numbers to the instaGiv platform and you can start sending out messages to thousands of supporters.
You can also schedule messages in advance using the platform. Schedule a Demo today to find out more.


Fascia (spider web like connective tissues) play an important role in the support and function of our bodies, since it surrounds and attaches to all structures. In the normal healthy state the fascia is relaxed and has the ability to stretch and move without restriction.
Myofascial Release Therapy is a safe and effective technique that involves applying gentle pressure into the Myofascial connective tissue that covers the bones and organs.
In this workshop you will learn how to use blocks and tennis balls to work on these release techniques that help break down scar tissue rejuvenate and hydrate the fascia in your feet, hamstrings, inner thighs, gluten and medius.
These techniques can be a great addition to your yoga practice. Bring a yoga mat, towel, and water. We will provide all other props.


tl;dr 99% of the time Worker Role is not the right solution. Read on for more info.
I quite often get asked by people about the best way to deploy Worker Roles because it is a pain - as an Azure Cloud Service the deployment time of a Worker Role is 8-15+ minutes. In the age of continuous delivery and short feedback loops this is unacceptable (as I have said all along).
On the surface though, Worker Roles are the most appropriate and robust way to deploy heavy background processing workloads in Azure. So what do we do?
The advice I generally give people when deploying websites to Azure is to use Azure Web Sites unless there is something that requires them to use Web Roles (and use Virtual Machines as a last resort). That way you are left with the best possible development, deployment, debugging and support experience possible for your application.
Now that Web Jobs have been released for a while and have a level of maturity and stability I have been giving the same sort of advice when it comes to background processing: if you have a workload that can run on the Azure Web Sites platform (e.g. doesn't need registry/COM+/GDI+/elevated privileges/custom software installed/mounted drives/Virtual Network/custom certificates etc.) and it doesn't have intensive CPU or memory resource usage then use Web Jobs.
I should note that when deploying Web Jobs you can deploy them automatically using the WebJobsVs Visual Studio extension.
As a side note: some of my colleagues at Readify have recently started using Web Jobs as a platform for deploying Microservices in asynchronous messaging based systems. It's actually quite a nice combination because you can put any configuration / management / monitoring information associated with the micro-service in the web site portion of the deployment and it's intrinsically linked to the Web Job in both the source code and the deployment.
If you are in a situation where you have an intense workload, you need to scale the workload independently of your Web Sites instances or your workload isn't supported by the Azure Web Sites platform (and thus can be run as a Web Job) then you need to start looking at Worker Roles or some other form of background processing.
One thing that I've been trying to push for a number of years now (particularly via my AzureWebFarm and AzureWebFarm.OctopusDeploy projects) is for people to think of Cloud Services deployments as infrastructure rather than applications.
Within 8-15+ minutes a number of customised, RDP-accessible, Virtual Machines are being provisioned for you on a static IP address and those machines can be scaled up or down at any time and they have health monitoring and diagnostics capabilities built-in as well as a powerful load balancer and ability to arbitrarily install software or perform configurations with elevated privileges!
To reiterate: waiting 8-15+ minutes for a VM to be provisioned is amazing; waiting 8-15+ minutes for the latest version of your software application to be deployed is unacceptably slow!
By treating Cloud Services as stateless, scalable infrastructure you will rarely perform deployments and the deployment time is then a non-issue - you will only perform deployments when scaling up or rolling out infrastructure updates (which should be a rare event and if it rolls out seamlessly then it doesn't matter how long it takes).
As above, slow deployments don't matter since they are rare events that should be able to happen seamlessly without taking out the applications hosted on them.
As above, you can use all of the capabilities available in Cloud Services.
Your applications don't have to have a separate Azure project in them making the Visual Studio solution simpler / load faster etc.
This makes your apps simpler and also means that you aren't coding anything in them that indicates how/where they should be deployed - this is important and how it should be!
How do I deploy a background processing workload to Worker Role as infrastructure?
The thing to note about both of these approaches is that you are actually using Web Roles, not Worker Roles! This is fine because there isn't actually any difference between them apart from the fact that Web Roles have IIS installed and configured. If you don't want anyone to access the servers over HTTP because they are only used for background processing then simply don't expose a public endpoint.
So, when should I actually use Worker Roles (aka you said they aren't applicable 99% of the time - what about the other 1%)?
Sometimes Cloud Services aren't going to work either - in a scenario where you need persistent storage and can't code your background processing code to be stateless via RoleEntryPoint then you might need to consider standing up one or more Virtual Machines. If you can avoid this at all then I highly recommend it since you then need to maintain the VMs rather than using a managed service.
This post is targeted at the types of background processing workloads you would likely deploy to a Worker Role. There are other background processing technologies in Azure that I have deliberately not covered in this post such as Hadoop.


text:
Amsterdam Exposed: An American's Journey into the Red Light District
David Wienir. De Wallen, $12.95 trade paper (264p) ISBN 978-0-9993559-0-9
In this uneven memoir, entertainment lawyer and author (Making It on Broadway) Wienir shares the events of his 1999 journey to Amsterdam, where he spent his last semester of law school. He aims to "take readers on a journey deeper into [Amsterdam's red-light] district than they could ever go before." But Wienir, writing from the point of view of the 26-year-old he was, has a more personal and idealistic agenda as he searches for a woman who works as a prostitute to guide him through the district. He meets a young woman named Emma who agrees to guide him, hoping "to restore [her] self-worth"and perhaps change her life. Wienir gives the reader a sense of the district's "addictive" power ("There was a sense of immediacy, a feeling it might be the last night on Earth"), as well as its hard-nosed business rules ("Never ask for a discount.... Agree on when the clock starts ticking"). Wienir's book, however, becomes less about the district and more about his obsession with Emma, with whom he felt "a connection from the second we met," although he never became her customer. Emma eventually left her work as a prostitute, got engaged, and had a daughter, and she and Wienir fell out of touch. Wienir's is an honest though naive look into the workings of Amsterdam's red-light district, and an earnest though juvenile search for love. (BookLife)


text:
@interface CDItem : NSManagedObject

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
URL: /core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics
Focus on Fluids
JFM Rapids
JFM Perspectives
MathJax is a JavaScript display engine for mathematics. For more information see http://www.mathjax.org.
< Back to all volumes
Volume 815 - 25 March 2017
Reduced-order analysis of buffet flow of space launchers
Vladimir Statnikov, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schröder
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 February 2017, pp. 1-25
A reduced-order analysis based on optimized dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is performed on the turbulent wake of a generic axisymmetric space launcher configuration computed via a zonal large-eddy simulation at the free stream Mach number $Ma_{\infty }=0.8$ and the Reynolds number based on the main body diameter $Re_{D}=6\times 10^{5}$ to investigate the buffet phenomenon. The transonic wake is characterized by an unsteady recirculation region occurring around the nozzle due to the separation of the turbulent boundary layer at the main body shoulder and subsequent dynamic interaction of the unstable free-shear layer with the nozzle surface. This results in strongly periodic and antisymmetric wall pressure fluctuations, for which three distinct frequency ranges are identified using conventional spectral analysis, i.e. $Sr_{D}\approx 0.1$ , $Sr_{D}\approx 0.2$ and $Sr_{D}\approx 0.35$ . For the spatially integrated side (buffet) loads on the nozzle, the second range is found to be energetically most dominant. To clarify the origin of the detected wake dynamics, the underlying spatio-temporal coherent modes are extracted using DMD. Subsequent analysis of the reduced-order modelled flow field based on the identified DMD modes reveals that at $Sr_{D}\approx 0.1$ a longitudinal cross-pumping motion of the separation bubble takes place, caused by a harmonic antisymmetric oscillation of the main recirculation vortex in the streamwise direction. At $Sr_{D}\approx 0.2$ , a cross-flapping motion of the shear layer is determined, triggered by antisymmetric vortex shedding which is in phase with the cross-pumping motion such that it occurs at twice the frequency value. The last range of $Sr_{D}\approx 0.35$ is attributed to a swinging motion of the shear layer caused by a higher harmonic of the vortex shedding mode. Conclusively, the controversial aspect of the true three-dimensional shape of the antisymmetric mode at $Sr_{D}\approx 0.2$ that dominates the buffet phenomenon is scrutinized. Inclined elongated closed-loop vortices are identified that are shed in alternating sequence from azimuthally opposite positions in a longitudinal plane of symmetry that changes its momentary orientation irregularly, maintaining an axisymmetric time-averaged field and spatially isotropic buffet loads.
Separations and secondary structures due to unsteady flow in a curved pipe
C. Vamsi Krishna, Namrata Gundiah, Jaywant H. Arakeri
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 February 2017, pp. 26-59
Unsteady flows in highly curved geometries are of interest in many engineering applications and also in physiological flows. In this study, we use flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics to study unsteady flows in a highly curved tube ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=0.3$ ) with square cross-section; here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ is the ratio of the half edge length to the radius of curvature of the tube. To explore the combined effects of curvature and pulsatility, we use a single flow pulse of duration $T$ and peak area averaged axial velocity $U_{p(max)}$ , which are independently varied to investigate a range of Dean and Womersley numbers. This range includes cases corresponding to flows in the ascending aorta. We observe radially inward moving secondary flows which have the structure of wall jets on the straight walls; their subsequent collision on the inner wall leads to a re-entrant radially outward moving jet. The wall jet arises due to an imbalance between the centrifugal force and the radial pressure gradient. During the deceleration phase, the low-axial-momentum fluid accumulated in the jet reverses direction and leads to flow separation near the inner wall. We use boundary layer equations to derive scales, which have not been reported earlier, for the secondary flow velocities, the wall shear stress components and the distance ( $\hat{P}$ ) traversed by the secondary flow structures in the transverse plane. We show that $\hat{P}$ predicts the movement of vortical structures until collision. In the limit $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\rightarrow 0$ , the Reynolds number based on this secondary flow velocity scale asymptotes to the secondary streaming Reynolds number proposed by Lyne (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 45 (01), 1971, pp. 13–31) in loosely curved pipes. The magnitude of the secondary flow velocity is high and ${\sim}40\,\%$ of $U_{p(max)}$ for physiological flow conditions. We show that the flow separation on the inner wall has origins in the secondary flow, which was reported in a few earlier studies, and is not due to the axial pressure gradient in the tube as proposed earlier. The wall shear stress components, hypothesized to be important in arterial mechanobiology, may be estimated using our scaling relations for geometries with different curvatures and varying pulsatilities.
An impulse-based approach to estimating forces in unsteady flow
W. R. Graham, C. W. Pitt Ford, H. Babinsky
The ready availability of full-field velocity measurements in present-day experiments has kindled interest in using such data for force estimation, especially in situations where direct measurements are difficult. Among the methods proposed, a formulation based on impulse is attractive, for both practical and physical reasons. However, evaluation of the impulse requires a complete description of the vorticity field, and this is particularly hard to achieve in the important region close to a body surface. This paper presents a solution to the problem. The incomplete experimental-vorticity field is augmented by a vortex sheet on the body, with strength determined by the no-slip boundary condition. The impulse is then found from the sum of vortex-sheet and experimental contributions. Components of physical interest can straightforwardly be recognised; for example, the classical 'added mass' associated with fluid inertia is represented by an explicit term in the formulation for the vortex sheet. The method is implemented in the context of two-dimensional flat-plate flow, and tested on velocity-field data from a translating wing experiment. The results show that the vortex-sheet contribution is significant for the test data set. Furthermore, when it is included, good agreement with force-balance measurements is found. It is thus recommended that any impulse-based force calculation should correct for (likely) data incompleteness in this way.
Multiple solutions for granular flow over a smooth two-dimensional bump
S. Viroulet, J. L. Baker, A. N. Edwards, C. G. Johnson, C. Gjaltema, P. Clavel, J. M. N. T. Gray
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2017, pp. 77-116
Geophysical granular flows, such as avalanches, debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, are always strongly influenced by the basal topography that they flow over. In particular, localised bumps or obstacles can generate rapid changes in the flow thickness and velocity, or shock waves, which dissipate significant amounts of energy. Understanding how a granular material is affected by the underlying topography is therefore crucial for hazard mitigation purposes, for example to improve the design of deflecting or catching dams for snow avalanches. Moreover, the interactions with solid boundaries can also have important applications in industrial processes. In this paper, small-scale experiments are performed to investigate the flow of a granular avalanche over a two-dimensional smooth symmetrical bump. The experiments show that, depending on the initial conditions, two different steady-state regimes can be observed: either the formation of a detached jet downstream of the bump, or a shock upstream of it. The transition between the two cases can be controlled by adding varying amounts of erodible particles in front of the obstacle. A depth-averaged terrain-following avalanche theory that is formulated in curvilinear coordinates is used to model the system. The results show good agreement with the experiments for both regimes. For the case of a shock, time-dependent numerical simulations of the full system show the evolution to the equilibrium state, as well as the deposition of particles upstream of the bump when the inflow ceases. The terrain-following theory is compared to a standard depth-averaged avalanche model in an aligned Cartesian coordinate system. For this very sensitive problem, it is shown that the steady-shock regime is captured significantly better by the terrain-following avalanche model, and that the standard theory is unable to predict the take-off point of the jet. To retain the practical simplicity of using Cartesian coordinates, but have the improved predictive power of the terrain-following model, a coordinate mapping is used to transform the terrain-following equations from curvilinear to Cartesian coordinates. The terrain-following model, in Cartesian coordinates, makes identical predictions to the original curvilinear formulation, but is much simpler to implement.
On the genesis and evolution of barchan dunes: morphodynamics
A. Khosronejad, F. Sotiropoulos
Barchan dunes are crescent-shaped formations of sand that can dominate both desert and subaqueous landscapes when the supply of sand is scarce. Because of the complexity and scale of the underlying phenomena, the mechanisms governing the entire process from the genesis to the long-term evolution of barchan fields still remain to be better understood. Herein, we attempt to present a description of this process in a subaqueous environment by employing a large-eddy simulation approach that couples turbulent flow and sand-bed morphodynamics. We show that the seeds of the emergent structure in barchan fields are random turbulent flow motions near the initially flat bed. We also provide high-resolution insights into phenomena such as barchan migration and merging, and show how transverse sand waves are formed and migrate over the barchan horns. Furthermore, the transverse sand waves over the barchan horns are shown to be the seeds of the newly born barchans at the end points of the two horns of a barchan through the process known as calving. To show this, we examine the celerity, wavelength and amplitude of the transverse sand waves over the barchan as they approach the end of its horn. The celerity and wavelength of these transverse sand waves are shown to be the defining factors in determining the frequency of the calving process. The amplitude of the newly born barchans (through calving) is also shown to be associated with the amplitude of the transverse waves near the end of the horn. The simulation data also show that the wavelength of the newly born barchans (the distance between individual dunes) is closely related to that of the transverse sand waves over their maternal barchan. Finally, we use the simulation results to discuss past conclusions derived from theory, conventional models and field observations.
Marginally stable and turbulent boundary layers in low-curvature Taylor–Couette flow
Hannes J. Brauckmann, Bruno Eckhardt
Marginal stability arguments are used to describe the rotation number dependence of torque in Taylor–Couette (TC) flow for radius ratios $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\geqslant 0.9$ and shear Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}_{S}=2\times 10^{4}$ . With an approximate representation of the mean profile by piecewise linear functions, characterised by the boundary-layer thicknesses at the inner and outer cylinder and the angular momentum in the centre, profiles and torques are extracted from the requirement that the boundary layers represent marginally stable TC subsystems and that the torque at the inner and outer cylinder coincide. This model then explains the broad shoulder in the torque as a function of rotation number near $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}}\approx 0.2$ . For rotation numbers $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}}<0.07$ the TC stability conditions predict boundary layers in which the shear Reynolds numbers are very large. Assuming that the TC instability is bypassed by some shear instability, a second narrower maximum in torque appears, in very good agreement with numerical simulations. The results show that marginal stability theory, despite its shortcomings in other cases, can explain quantitatively the non-monotonic torque variation with rotation number for both the broad maximum as well as the narrow maximum.
Local versus volume-integrated turbulence and mixing in breaking internal waves on slopes
Robert S. Arthur, Jeffrey R. Koseff, Oliver B. Fringer
Using direct numerical simulations (DNS), we explore local and volume-integrated measures of turbulence and mixing in breaking internal waves on slopes. We consider eight breaking wave cases with a range of normalized pycnocline thicknesses $k\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ , where $k$ is the horizontal wavenumber and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ is the pycnocline thickness, but with similar incoming wave properties. The energetics of wave breaking is quantified in terms of local turbulent dissipation and irreversible mixing using the method of Scotti & White (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 740, 2014, pp. 114–135). Local turbulent mixing efficiencies are calculated using the irreversible flux Richardson number $R_{f}^{\ast }$ and are found to be a function of the turbulent Froude number $Fr_{k}$ . Volume-integrated measures of the turbulent mixing efficiency during wave breaking are also made, and are found to be functions of $k\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ . The bulk turbulent mixing efficiency ranges from 0.25 to 0.37 and is maximized when $k\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\approx 1$ . In order to connect local and bulk mixing efficiency measures, the variation in the bulk turbulent mixing efficiency with $k\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ is related to the turbulent Froude number at which the maximum total mixing occurs over the course of the breaking event, $Fr_{k}^{max}$ . We find that physically, $Fr_{k}^{max}$ is controlled by the vertical length scale of billows at the interface during wave breaking.
Rotational kinematics of large cylindrical particles in turbulence
Ankur D. Bordoloi, Evan Variano
The rotational kinematics of inertial cylinders in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is investigated via laboratory experiments. The effects of particle size and shape on rotation statistics are measured for near-neutrally buoyant particles whose sizes are within the inertial subrange of turbulence. To examine the effects of particle size, three right-circular cylinders (aspect ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$ ) are considered, with size $d_{eq}=16\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ , $27\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ and $67\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ . Here, $d_{eq}$ is the diameter of a sphere whose volume is equal to that of the particle and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ is the Kolmogorov length scale. Results show that the variance of the particle rotation rate follows a $-4/3$ power-law scaling with respect to $d_{eq}$ . To examine the effect of particle shape, two cylinders with identical volumes and different aspect ratios ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=4$ ) are measured. Their motion also scales with $d_{eq}$ regardless of shape. Simultaneous measurements of orientation and rotation for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=4$ particles allows a decomposition of rotation along the primary axes of each particle. This analysis shows that there is no preference for rotation about a particle's symmetry axis, unlike the preference displayed by sub-Kolmogorov-scale particles in previous studies.
Evolution of the velocity gradient tensor invariant dynamics in a turbulent boundary layer
P. Bechlars, R. D. Sandberg
In order to improve the physical understanding of the development of turbulent structures, the compressible evolution equations for the first three invariants $P$ , $Q$ and $R$ of the velocity gradient tensor have been derived. The mean evolution of characteristic turbulent structure types in the $QR$ -space were studied and compared at different wall-normal locations of a compressible turbulent boundary layer. The evolution of these structure types is fundamental to the physics that needs to be captured by turbulence models. Significant variations of the mean evolution are found across the boundary layer. The key features of the changes of the mean trajectories in the invariant phase space are highlighted and the consequences of the changes are discussed. Further, the individual elements of the overall evolution are studied separately to identify the causes that lead to the evolution varying with the distance to the wall. Significant impact of the wall-normal location on the coupling between the pressure-Hessian tensor and the velocity gradient tensor was found. The highlighted features are crucial for the development of more universal future turbulence models.
Stability, intermittency and universal Thorpe length distribution in a laboratory turbulent stratified shear flow
Philippe Odier, Robert E. Ecke
Stratified shear flows occur in many geophysical contexts, from oceanic overflows and river estuaries to wind-driven thermocline layers. We explore a turbulent wall-bounded shear flow of lighter miscible fluid into a quiescent fluid of higher density with a range of Richardson numbers $0.05\lesssim Ri\lesssim 1$ . In order to find a stability parameter that allows close comparison with linear theory and with idealized experiments and numerics, we investigate different definitions of $Ri$ . We find that a gradient Richardson number defined on fluid interface sections where there is no overturning at or adjacent to the maximum density gradient position provides an excellent stability parameter, which captures the Miles–Howard linear stability criterion. For small $Ri$ the flow exhibits robust Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, whereas for larger $Ri$ interfacial overturning is more intermittent with less frequent Kelvin–Helmholtz events and emerging Holmboe wave instability consistent with a thicker velocity layer compared with the density layer. We compute the perturbed fraction of interface as a quantitative measure of the flow intermittency, which is approximately 1 for the smallest $Ri$ but decreases rapidly as $Ri$ increases, consistent with linear theory. For the perturbed regions, we use the Thorpe scale to characterize the overturning properties of these flows. The probability distribution of the non-zero Thorpe length yields a universal exponential form, suggesting that much of the overturning results from increasingly intermittent Kelvin–Helmholtz instability events. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy, conditioned on the intermittency fraction, has a similar form, suggesting an explanation for the universal scaling collapse of the Thorpe length distribution.
Vortex breakdown, linear global instability and sensitivity of pipe bifurcation flows
Kevin K. Chen, Clarence W. Rowley, Howard A. Stone
Pipe bifurcations are common flow configurations in both natural and man-made systems. This study follows our previous report (Chen et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 27, 2015, 034107) by describing three aspects of flows through junction angles of $70^{\circ }$ , $90^{\circ }$ and $110^{\circ }$ , with a square cross-section. First, the inflow creates tightly spiralling vortices in four quadrants of the junction. For sufficiently large Reynolds number $Re$ , these vortices undergo behaviour resembling steady near-axisymmetric breakdown. With increasing $Re$ , the flow through the $90^{\circ }$ junction remains steady and stable until the first Hopf bifurcation. Beyond the Hopf bifurcation, the vortices undergo a helical instability. The $70^{\circ }$ and $110^{\circ }$ junctions, however, first exhibit pitchfork bifurcations leading to asymmetric solutions. Second, the direct eigenmodes of the linearised flow are large in vortices in the outlet pipes, whereas the adjoint eigenmodes primarily reside in a small region in the inlet and the junction, near the front and back walls. Third, the sensitivities of the eigenvalues to spatially localised feedback and base flow modifications are greatest in and near the junction vortices. We highlight the regions of high growth rate and frequency sensitivity, as well as regions where the production and transport of perturbations by modifications of the base flow contribute most to the base flow sensitivity. The flow separation at the corners of the junction does not coincide with the eigenmodes or sensitivity regions.
Genesis and evolution of velocity gradients in near-field spatially developing turbulence
I. Paul, G. Papadakis, J. C. Vassilicos
This paper investigates the dynamics of velocity gradients for a spatially developing flow generated by a single square element of a fractal square grid at low inlet Reynolds number through direct numerical simulation. This square grid-element is also the fundamental block of a classical grid. The flow along the grid-element centreline is initially irrotational and becomes turbulent further downstream due to the lateral excursions of vortical turbulent wakes from the grid-element bars. We study the generation and evolution of the symmetric and anti-symmetric parts of the velocity gradient tensor for this spatially developing flow using the transport equations of mean strain product and mean enstrophy respectively. The choice of low inlet Reynolds number allows for fine spatial resolution and long simulations, both of which are conducive in balancing the budget equations of the above quantities. The budget analysis is carried out along the grid-element centreline and the bar centreline. The former is observed to consist of two subregions: one in the immediate lee of the grid-element which is dominated by irrotational strain, and one further downstream where both strain and vorticity coexist. In the demarcation area between these two subregions, where the turbulence is inhomogeneous and developing, the energy spectrum exhibits the best $-5/3$ power-law slope. This is the same location where the experiments at much higher inlet Reynolds number show a well-defined $-5/3$ spectrum over more than a decade of frequencies. Yet, the $Q{-}R$ diagram, where $Q$ and $R$ are the second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor, remains undeveloped in the near-grid-element region, and both the intermediate and extensive strain-rate eigenvectors align with the vorticity vector. Along the grid-element centreline, the strain is the first velocity gradient quantity generated by the action of pressure Hessian. This strain is then transported downstream by fluctuations and strain self-amplification is activated a little later. Further downstream, vorticity from the bar wakes is brought towards the grid-element centreline, and, through the interaction with strain, leads to the production of enstrophy. The strain-rate tensor has a statistically axial stretching form in the production region, but a statistically biaxial stretching form in the decay region. The usual signatures of velocity gradients such as the shape of $Q{-}R$ diagrams and the alignment of vorticity vector with the intermediate eigenvector are detected only in the decay region even though the local Reynolds number (based on the Taylor length scale) is only between 30 and 40.
Large-scale-vortex dynamos in planar rotating convection
Céline Guervilly, David W. Hughes, Chris A. Jones
Several recent studies have demonstrated how large-scale vortices may arise spontaneously in rotating planar convection. Here, we examine the dynamo properties of such flows in rotating Boussinesq convection. For moderate values of the magnetic Reynolds number ( $100\lesssim Rm\lesssim 550$ , with $Rm$ based on the box depth and the convective velocity), a large-scale (i.e. system-size) magnetic field is generated. The amplitude of the magnetic energy oscillates in time, nearly out of phase with the oscillating amplitude of the large-scale vortex. The large-scale vortex is disrupted once the magnetic field reaches a critical strength, showing that these oscillations are of magnetic origin. The dynamo mechanism relies on those components of the flow that have length scales lying between that of the large-scale vortex and the typical convective cell size; smaller-scale flows are not required. The large-scale vortex plays a crucial role in the magnetic induction despite being essentially two-dimensional; we thus refer to this dynamo as a large-scale-vortex dynamo. For larger magnetic Reynolds numbers, the dynamo is small scale, with a magnetic energy spectrum that peaks at the scale of the convective cells. In this case, the small-scale magnetic field continuously suppresses the large-scale vortex by disrupting the correlations between the convective velocities that allow it to form. The suppression of the large-scale vortex at high $Rm$ therefore probably limits the relevance of the large-scale-vortex dynamo to astrophysical objects with moderate values of $Rm$ , such as planets. In this context, the ability of the large-scale-vortex dynamo to operate at low magnetic Prandtl numbers is of great interest.
Anisotropic Helmholtz and wave–vortex decomposition of one-dimensional spectra
Oliver Bühler, Max Kuang, Esteban G. Tabak
We present an extension to anisotropic flows of the recently developed Helmholtz and wave–vortex decomposition method for one-dimensional spectra measured along ship or aircraft tracks in Bühler et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 756, 2014, pp. 1007–1026). Here, anisotropy refers to the statistical properties of the underlying flow field, which in the original method was assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic in the horizontal plane. Now, the flow is allowed to have a simple kind of horizontal anisotropy that is chosen in a self-consistent manner and can be deduced from the one-dimensional power spectra of the horizontal velocity fields and their cross-correlation. The key result is that an exact and robust Helmholtz decomposition of the horizontal kinetic energy spectrum can be achieved in this anisotropic flow setting, which then also allows the subsequent wave–vortex decomposition step. The anisotropic method is as easy to use as its isotropic counterpart and it robustly converges back to it if the observed anisotropy tends to zero. As a by-product of our analysis we also found a simple test for statistical correlation between rotational and divergent flow components. The new method is developed theoretically and tested with encouraging results on challenging synthetic data as well as on ocean data from the Gulf Stream.
On steady non-breaking downstream waves and the wave resistance – Stokes' method
Dmitri V. Maklakov, Alexander G. Petrov
In this work, we have obtained explicit analytical formulae expressing the wave resistance of a two-dimensional body in terms of geometric parameters of nonlinear downstream waves. The formulae have been constructed in the form of high-order asymptotic expansions in powers of the wave amplitude with coefficients depending on the mean depth. To obtain these expansions, the second Stokes method has been used. The analysis represents the next step of the research carried out in Maklakov & Petrov (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 776, 2015, pp. 290–315), where the properties of the waves have been computed by a numerical method of integral equations. In the present work, we have derived a quadratic system of equations with respect to the coefficients of the second Stokes method and developed an effective computer algorithm for solving the system. Comparison with previous numerical results obtained by the method of integral equations has been made.
Lissajous trajectories in electromagnetically driven vortices
Aldo Figueroa, Sergio Cuevas, Eduardo Ramos
An experimental and theoretical study of laminar vortical flows driven by oscillating electromagnetic forces that act in orthogonal directions in a shallow electrolytic fluid layer is presented. Forces are generated by the interaction of the field of a dipolar permanent magnet and two imposed alternating electric currents perpendicular to each other with independent frequencies varying in the range of 10–30 mHz. Velocity fields of the time-dependent flow are obtained using particle image velocimetry, while particle tracking allows exploration of the Lagrangian trajectories and time maps. An approximate two-dimensional analytical solution is obtained for the laminar creeping regime so that Lagrangian trajectories are integrated explicitly. These trajectories resemble Lissajous figures with the usual property that, when the ratio of the frequencies of the imposed currents is rational, closed paths are found, while non-closed paths occur when this ratio is irrational. Deviations of this regime that account for slight increase of inertial effects are explored through a quasi-two-dimensional numerical simulation. In this case, non-closed paths are found even for rational frequency ratios. This case was observed in the experiment. Lagrangian trajectories calculated numerically show a qualitative agreement with experimental particle tracking. Furthermore, numerical time maps obtained for increasing inertial effects and rational frequency ratios reveal a chaotic behaviour. Some features of the Lagrangian trajectories are validated experimentally. In particular, topological properties of the calculated and observed time maps are in qualitative agreement. In a characteristic case, a partial time map calculated numerically is compared with the section acquired from the experimental tracking of one particle.
Linear and nonlinear dynamics of pulsatile channel flow
Benoît Pier, Peter J. Schmid
The dynamics of small-amplitude perturbations, as well as the regime of fully developed nonlinear propagating waves, is investigated for pulsatile channel flows. The time-periodic base flows are known analytically and completely determined by the Reynolds number $Re$ (based on the mean flow rate), the Womersley number $Wo$ (a dimensionless expression of the frequency) and the flow-rate waveform. This paper considers pulsatile flows with a single oscillating component and hence only three non-dimensional control parameters are present. Linear stability characteristics are obtained both by Floquet analyses and by linearized direct numerical simulations. In particular, the long-term growth or decay rates and the intracyclic modulation amplitudes are systematically computed. At large frequencies (mainly $Wo\geqslant 14$ ), increasing the amplitude of the oscillating component is found to have a stabilizing effect, while it is destabilizing at lower frequencies; strongest destabilization is found for $Wo\simeq 7$ . Whether stable or unstable, perturbations may undergo large-amplitude intracyclic modulations; these intracyclic modulation amplitudes reach huge values at low pulsation frequencies. For linearly unstable configurations, the resulting saturated fully developed finite-amplitude solutions are computed by direct numerical simulations of the complete Navier–Stokes equations. Essentially two types of nonlinear dynamics have been identified: 'cruising' regimes for which nonlinearities are sustained throughout the entire pulsation cycle and which may be interpreted as modulated Tollmien–Schlichting waves, and 'ballistic' regimes that are propelled into a nonlinear phase before subsiding again to small amplitudes within every pulsation cycle. Cruising regimes are found to prevail for weak base-flow pulsation amplitudes, while ballistic regimes are selected at larger pulsation amplitudes; at larger pulsation frequencies, however, the ballistic regime may be bypassed due to the stabilizing effect of the base-flow pulsating component. By investigating extended regions of a multi-dimensional parameter space and considering both two-dimensional and three-dimensional perturbations, the linear and nonlinear dynamics are systematically explored and characterized.
Shore protection by oblique seabed bars
Louis-Alexandre Couston, Mir Abbas Jalali, Mohammad-Reza Alam
Shore protection by small seabed bars was once considered possible because seafloor undulations strongly reflect surface waves of twice the wavelength by the so-called Bragg resonance mechanism. The idea, however, proved 'unreliable' when it was realized that a patch of longshore seabed bars adjacent to a reflective shore could result in larger waves at the shoreline than for the case of a flat seabed. Here we propose to revamp the Bragg resonance mechanism as a means of coastal protection by considering oblique seabed bars that divert, rather than reflect, shore-normal incident waves to the shore-parallel direction. We show, via multiple-scale analysis supported by direct numerical simulations, that the creation of a large protected wake near the shoreline requires a bi-chromatic patch to deflect the incident waves to the shore-parallel direction. With two superposed sets of oblique seabed bars, the incident wave energy becomes efficiently deflected far to the sides, leaving a wake of decreased wave activity downstream of the patch. We demonstrate that the shore protection efficiency provided by this novel arrangement is not affected by reflection of leaked waves at the shoreline, and that it is relatively robust against small frequency detuning.
Direct numerical simulations of a high Karlovitz number laboratory premixed jet flame – an analysis of flame stretch and flame thickening
Haiou Wang, Evatt R. Hawkes, Jacqueline H. Chen, Bo Zhou, Zhongshan Li, Marcus Aldén
This article reports an analysis of the first detailed chemistry direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a high Karlovitz number laboratory premixed flame. The DNS results are first compared with those from laser-based diagnostics with good agreement. The subsequent analysis focuses on a detailed investigation of the flame area, its local thickness and their rates of change in isosurface following reference frames, quantities that are intimately connected. The net flame stretch is demonstrated to be a small residual of large competing terms: the positive tangential strain term and the negative curvature stretch term. The latter is found to be driven by flame speed–curvature correlations and dominated in net by low probability highly curved regions. Flame thickening is demonstrated to be substantial on average, while local regions of flame thinning are also observed. The rate of change of the flame thickness (as measured by the scalar gradient magnitude) is demonstrated, analogously to flame stretch, to be a competition between straining tending to increase gradients and flame speed variations in the normal direction tending to decrease them. The flame stretch and flame thickness analyses are connected by the observation that high positive tangential strain rate regions generally correspond with low curvature regions; these regions tend to be positively stretched in net and are relatively thinner compared with other regions. High curvature magnitude regions (both positive and negative) generally correspond with lower tangential strain; these regions are in net negatively stretched and thickened substantially.
Natural convection in a corrugated slot
Arman Abtahi, J. M. Floryan
Analysis of natural convection in a horizontal slot formed by two corrugated isothermal plates has been carried out. The analysis is limited to subcritical Rayleigh numbers $Ra$ where no secondary motion takes place in the absence of corrugations. The corrugations have a sinusoidal form characterized by the wavenumber, the upper and lower amplitudes and the phase difference. The most intense convection occurs for corrugation wavelengths comparable to the slot height; it increases proportionally to $Ra$ and proportionally to the corrugation height. Placement of corrugations on both plates may either significantly increase or decrease the convection depending on the phase difference between the upper and lower corrugations, with the strongest convection found for corrugations being in phase, i.e. a 'wavy' slot, and the weakest for corrugations being out of phase, i.e. a 'converging–diverging' slot. It is shown that the shear forces would always contribute to the corrugation build-up if erosion was allowed, while the role of pressure forces depends on the location of the corrugations as well as on the corrugation height and wavenumber, and the Rayleigh number. Placing corrugations on both plates results in the formation of a moment which attempts to change the relative position of the plates. There are two limiting positions, i.e. the 'wavy' slot and the 'converging–diverging' slot, with the latter being unstable. The system would end up in the 'wavy' slot configuration if relative movement of the two plates was allowed. The presence of corrugations affects the conductive heat flow and creates a convective heat flow. The conductive heat flow increases with the corrugation height as well as with the corrugation wavenumber; it is largest for short-wavelength corrugations. The convective heat flow is relevant only for wavenumbers of $O(1)$ , it increases proportionally to $Ra^{3}$ and proportionally to the second power of the corrugation height. Convection is qualitatively similar for all Prandtl numbers $Pr$ , with its intensity increasing for smaller $Pr$ and with the heat transfer augmentation increasing for larger $Pr$ .


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Q: How to do average operation on stl iterator in c++ I am trying to do merge algorithm based on stl vector and iterator, i know there is also std::merge, but I would like to make my own version, I want to average two iterator and gain the middle index as I did in normal integeriMiddle = (iEnd + iBegin) / 2. Nevertheless, it never work, then I try to add value after  by getting the vector size and divided by 2

iMiddle = iBegin+A.size()/2;

, but this is kind of stubid method to do and also run into problem when split more than 1 time, does any one have better solution for this?
 void TopDownMergeSort(int n, vector<int> A, vector<int> B)
{
    TopDownSplitMerge(A, A.begin(), A.end(), B);
}

void TopDownSplitMerge(vector<int> A, vector<int>::iterator iBegin, vector<int>::iterator iEnd, vector<int> B)
{
    vector<int>::iterator iMiddle;
    // if run size == 1
    if((iEnd - iBegin) < 2){
        cout<<"merge finshed!"<<endl;
        return;    //   consider it sorted
    }

    iMiddle = iBegin+A.size()/2;
    TopDownSplitMerge(A, iBegin,  iMiddle, B);  // split / merge left  half
}

UPDATE
USE

iMiddle = iBegin+distance(iBegin,iEnd)/2;

Everything works fine!

A: middle = begin + std::distance(begin, end) / 2;

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