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New radicals in an old writing system
August 29, 2012 @ 5:39 am · Filed by Victor Mair under Language and culture, Writing systems
In china now magazine from a couple of days ago, Chris Barden has an intriguing article entitled "Chinese Characters Reloaded: Artist Jiao Yingqi's Radical Proposal".
The article begins with the clarion call of Lu Xun, the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th century: "Either Chinese characters die or China is doomed." That's not the most transparent translation of these shocking words that Lu Xun is reported to have uttered on his death bed: "Hànzì bùmiè, Zhōngguó bì wáng" 漢字不滅,中國必亡 ("If Chinese characters are not eradicated, China will perish!").
The first part of Barden's article goes on to explain why Lu Xun and many other progressive Chinese thinkers of the last century took such a dim view of the characters and outlines their efforts to reform the writing system, including proposals for Latinization and ultimately digraphia (characters and pinyin romanization simultaneously being used in parallel).
The article then takes an abrupt turn and introduces the artist and "inadvertent linguist" Jiao Yingqi's proposals for creating entirely new radicals to add to the already extensive set that currently exists. As a matter of fact, there is no standard set of Chinese radicals by means of which the characters may be organized and searched. When I was a graduate student and during the first part of my career, all serious Western learners of Chinese memorized the traditional 214 Kangxi radicals, but after the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, other sets of radicals were adopted by various dictionary makers. For example, the Xinhua dictionary uses 189 radicals. Around two thousand years ago, when there were only about 9,400 characters and 1,200 variants to contend with (there are now upwards of 80,000 characters), there were 540 radicals, more than twice as much as in the Kangxi and Xinhua dictionaries. It is obvious that the number of radicals is highly arbitrary, but in general, the trend in recent centuries has been for their number to be reduced.
The radicals in the Xinhua dictionary and the earlier Kangxi dictionary include such basic semantic keys as "man", "woman", "tree", "heart", "rock", "soil", "roof", "tiger", "bird", "flesh", "metal", "hand", and "foot". But Jiao thinks that these are insufficient for modern life and advocates the creation of entirely new radicals such as "computer", "privacy", "electron", "network", "DNA", "homosexual", "genetically modified (GM)", "digital", "money", "pollution", and "independence". Never mind that there already exists a radical for characters having to do with pecuniary matters, viz., bèi 贝 (originally the drawing of a cowrie), and Chinese already has words for writing all the other ideas, concepts, and things in JIao's list of proposed new radicals. Would Jiao have us invent a new radical for every major advance in science, technology, thought, culture, economics, psychology, and sociopolitical behavior?
What is even worse, Jiao holds that each new radical would carry the potential for hundreds of new characters and words. This reveals that Jiao does not clearly distinguish between words and characters, nor does he realize that proliferation of the latter is a dangerous impediment to literacy.
Moreover, the means whereby Jiao arrives at his new radicals and new characters is, at best, hit or miss:
For example, Jiao's new radical for pollution is an intuitive and visually obvious fusion of the characters for "poison" and "gas". When the pollution radical is then combined with the existing radical for light, it creates the character "visual pollution."
And how does Jiao determine the pronunciation of these new radicals and characters? Does he just arbitrarily assign a reading to them?
Jiao decries what he calls China's "Copy Culture" or "Culture of Imitation", which he blames on the antiquated (pre-Industrial Revolution) nature of the current set of characters and radicals, and claims that his new radicals and new characters will lead to a renaissance of creativity. Quite the contrary, a host of new elements added to the writing system is likely to clog it up even more than it already is. The relationship between Chinese characters and creativity has been explored in a much more sensitive and sophisticated fashion in this New York Times article by Didi Kirsten Tatlow and in this New York Times blog post by the same author.
Jiao Yingqi is not the only Chinese artist who has proposed the creation of entirely new radicals and characters (some of the schemes are quite whimsical and utterly impractical). See, for example, the interview with Wenda Gu here.
There is even one famous exhibition, by the artist Xu Bing, entitled Tiānshū 天书 (A Book from the Sky), which consists of 4,000 invented characters that look impressive (like "real" characters) but have no meaning or sound whatsoever. See this post on Language Log; "The unpredictability of Chinese character formation and pronunciation"
We need more radicals and more characters like we need more holes in our head. The urgent challenge for Chinese language planners and language reformers is how to reduce the number of characters and their components to a more readily manageable and easily learnable level, and one that is more compatible with the IT revolution that is sweeping the world. Attractive though the writing of the 19th, 9th, or earlier centuries may have been, it would be unwise for the entire nation to turn back the clock and to attempt to live in antiquity. Leave that to the classicists, and let artists stick to painting, sculpture, and calligraphy.
[A tip of the hat to John Rohsenow]
Randy Alexander said,
Victor, what is the source of Lu Xun's quote?
Victor Mair said,
@Randy
For those who read Chinese, the full story of Lu Xun's famous quotation is available on the web, but you have to sift through an enormous amount of chaff to get to the kernel. If you have access to a good Chinese library, you can also read through a mass of books and articles on the history of wénzì gǎigé 文字改革 ("script reform") to get to the heart of the matter.
In any event, the sentence with which Chris Barden begins his discussion of the Lu Xun quote is both imprecise and clumsy:
The author of these words-penned in the same ideographic text he wished to see scrapped—was none other than the writer and rebel Lu Hsun.
Lu Xun did not "pen" these famous words in an "ideographic text" (how could Barden make three such horrendous errors in the space of six words?); he uttered them and they were written down by someone at his bedside.
For those who do not read Chinese, perhaps the best account of what happened and how "Hànzì bùmiè, Zhōngguó bì wáng" 漢字不滅,中國必亡 ("If Chinese characters are not eradicated, China will perish!") fits snugly into Lu Xun's views on the traditional Chinese writing system, see John De Francis's classic Nationalism and Language Reform in China (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950; many reprints), pp. 113-116, 219 and his The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984), passim.
"Either Chinese characters die or China is doomed." Well, the latest UN figures put China's adult literacy rate at 94%, well ahead of most countries where alphabetic scripts are the norm. So I must admit I chuckled a bit at that quote. That isn't to disagree with your view of Jiao Yingqi's proposals, of course.
@Acilius
That figure of 94% is completely unreliable, even for the cities. When you get into the vast rural hinterland, the percentage for farmers and women is much lower than what the government claims. Moreover, the requirements for literacy in China are set so low that people who cannot even read a newspaper and cannot write a paragraph of simple prose about daily life are considered literate.
We've been through this many, many times before on Language Log.
I speak from personal observation and from more than thirty years of close association with language specialists in China, none of whom believe the government figures..
Nothing to chuckle about.
"Moreover, the requirements for literacy in China are set so low that people who cannot even read a newspaper and cannot write a paragraph of simple prose about daily life are considered literate." Not only in China, sadly- the literacy figures in the USA look suspiciously inflated when you actually test the ability of representative samples of Americans to perform similar tasks.
Be that as may, no one doubts that Japan has an extremely high literacy rate, and the Japanese writing system is hardly free of the kind of complexity that makes written Chinese daunting. Therefore, even if it were true that China could survive only after a dramatic increase in its literacy rate, it would not follow that China could survive only after the eradication of Chinese characters.
If you read all of Lu Xun's numerous writings about the Chinese character system, you will find that difficulty of learning and low literacy rates were not his only gripes against it (and Lu Xun was by no means alone in making such complaints).
Japanese rely heavily on their kana AND romaji, both phonetic scripts.
The Koreans have essentially given up on hanja in favor of alphabetic Hangul.
The Vietnamese have gone alphabetic.
In a forthcoming Language Log post, I will discuss the next (actually current) step in that direction by the Chinese.
mollymooly said,
A lot of impractical whimsy is produced by artists and consumed by human-interest journalists without ever affecting the real world.
@mollymooly
True, but this guy is serious.
Even Xu Bing was making some sort of statement about the nature of the writing system with his real-seeming but completely nonsensical, unpronouceable characters. I know Xu Bing and have read his writings about his Tianshu ("Book from the Sky"). It is very difficult for him to articulate what exactly it is he is saying about the characters, but his laboriously produced Tianshu is far more than a whimsical work of art.
Jim said,
"Either Chinese characters die or China is doomed." Well, the latest UN figures put China's adult literacy rate at 94%, well ahead of most countries where alphabetic scripts are the norm. So I must admit I chuckled a bit at that quote. "
Odd that you wouldn't instead chuckle at the gullibity or dishonesty of whatever office at the UN that put that out. The figure is ludricrous on its face.
Gemmabeta said,
As a Chinese expat I would say: let's not make this harder than it already is.
The problem with Chinese writing is that to learn to read and write with competence requires years of intensive study (something many rural and urban poor—even the children—simply do not have). The curriculum I went through in Beijing spent about a soul-destroying 10+ hours a week (it goes down after grade 3) purely on memorizing characters, coupled with even more time spent on homework—which mostly comprises of copying the above-mentioned characters over and over again. The teachers dress it up with stories and poetry, but the literary merit of the writing is purely secondary to the individual characters. Coupled with the fact that Chinese education has a heavy emphasis on Classical Chinese writings (imagine if they replaced 75% of your English curriculum with Beowulf in the original Ænglisc and Shakespeare), with requires even more memorization, there is little time to learn literary analysis, and appreciate literature-as-literature (you know, the actual point of a lit class).
Compared to the alphabetic system, which (assuming you already speak the language) can be learned over a month if you dedicate yourself.
Also because I emigrated from China at age 10, language attrition has led to this odd phenomenon where I can speak and read in Chinese perfectly well but can't remember enough characters to write postcard (can someone explain how this happens?), which I do not think is possible in any other language.
Cameron said,
Xu Bing's Tianshu project is very interesting. I wonder if all of his characters are purely invented, or whether he borrowed some interesting looking characters from the Tangut script, or the Jurchen script, or any other now-extinct writing system.
And why is it translated as "Book From the Sky"? Wouldn't "Celestial Book" be more aptly poetic? Or does "Celestial" sound too old-fashioned?
Perhaps Lu Xun (or Lu Hsun? it seems vaguely disrepectful to respell a man's name after he dies and a new regime has introduced a different transliteration system) was understood by his original audience to be engaging in hyperbole as a rhetorical device, but whatever else you might say about literacy in Japan and the importance of kana and/or romaji, kanji have clearly not "died" or been "eradicated," and if kanji-retaining Japan is "doomed" in the medium term it would presumably be because of the currently-projected downward spiral in working-age population caused by a combination of low birth rates and traditional cultural/political hostility to immigration, neither of which seem likely to be side effects of their admittedly complex writing system(s).
If you compare North Korea to South Korea, and both to the current situation in the PRC, you might conclude that having an advantageous writing system is not nearly as important as having an advantageous political/economic system in influencing overall quality of life.
AntC said,
@ J.W. Brewer "If you compare …, you might conclude that having an advantageous writing system is not nearly as important as having an advantageous political/economic system in influencing overall quality of life."
And if you compare the vagaries of English spelling with (most) other alphabetical systems …?
Is there a research project here? Correlating the simplification of spelling/writing with the rise and fall of empires?
To invoke "the rise and fall of empires" in this discussion is to commit the fallacy of elevatio ad absurdum. What we are talking about is the fact that Lu Xun and other progressive thinkers have consistently advocated a shift from complex, cumbersome, difficult-to-master morphosyllabic scripts to simpler, more straightforward, easier-to-learn phonetic scripts, and the fact that such a shift has actually been occurring throughout East Asia during the past century. As I will demonstrate in a forthcoming post, China is not immune to this trend.
Andy Averill said,
Excuse me if this is a dumb question, but 80,000 characters? Does anybody learn them all? Is it possible to look up the ones you don't know in a dictionary? My mind is boggling…
Bob Violence said,
The vast majority of the 80,000 are obsolete, either because they were replaced by a different character or because the word/morpheme they represented dropped out of the language. Maybe some writer in the Han Dynasty just decided that X should actually be written as Y and proceeded to do so, even though nobody else agreed. The number can go even higher if minor variants are included—the recent 異體字字典 ("Variant Character Dictionary") from Taiwan apparently has over 100,000. Functional literacy in modern written Chinese requires knowledge of "only" a few thousand, though there are complications (the simplified/traditional split, characters used in written Cantonese/Hokkien/etc. but not the Mandarin-based written standard, "vulgar" characters used as abbreviations or in dialect, etc.).
OK, now I'm struck by this passage from the Barden article: "And China lagged fatally behind its onetime cultural dependent, Japan, which had effectively combined Chinese characters with two phonetic syllabaries. Japanese bomber pilots did not need advanced degrees in literature to read their flight manuals." Really? As opposed to the Chinese bomber pilots who did? I'm not sure if anyone has a flight manual handy for a Mitsubishi Ki-21 or some other model that might have used to fly bombing runs over China circa 1938, but is it really the case that it requires knowing fewer kanji than a hypothetical manual used by a Chinese pilot of the same era would have? (The ROC air force of that era apparently used planes of both American and Soviet manufacture but had no real domestic production capacity; I don't know if manuals were translated or if pilots/technicians were expected to know English/Russian.) Now for all I know maybe a high percentage of Japanese technical aeronautical jargon consisted of foreign loanwords just transliterated into katakana in the manuals, but for Barden or his sources to posit the difference in writing systems as a non-trivial causal factor in Japan's military/economic/etc. position vis-a-vis China over the last century and change seems very much the sort of elevatio ad absurdum Prof. Mair was just condemning.
APOLLO said,
In the age of controllable speech (via mass media) which tends to reduce the drift in spoken language, an alphabetic phonetic language would be easy to learn and use. The time saved in learning and in daily language use would certainly improve one's performance, as if having a fast boot-up and high speed computer. I believe efficient language is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for national prosperity and strength. Political system, mode of production as well as cultural factors etc. may also strongly influence the national destiny. In this regards, it would be very interesting to compare the developments in the North and South Korea and the Philippines. The chaotic cultural and social life created by the difficult and disorderly Chinese scripts are obvious for careful observers. There are mega trends occurring in China as a result of widespread use of computers, mobile phones, GPS etc. which greatly affect the mode of language use. On a personal level, in view of the fact that language is difficult to modernize, the quickest way to success is to change the language tool by learning and using English instead, and this seems to be the choice of many young Chinese who can afford to do so.
@Victor: yes, "rise and fall of empires" was deliberate hyperbole. I meant it no more literally than Lu Xun's (reported) China will perish.
If only English had radicals to indicate 'tone of voice'. [I now expect a(nother) broadside from myl about 'tone of voice' (metaphorical) being nothing to do with tone of voice (acoustic).]
[(myl) Cringing before we're struck, are we? But it's true that English doesn't even have a tone of voice to indicate 'tone of voice'. Thanks for remembering!]
Mastering the complexity of (English) writing system as a preparation for the Spirit of Capitalism seems just as plausible a hypothesis as the Protestant Ethic. (And would match how the English Empire and its trans-Atlantic offshoot got so far ahead of Germany from the same standing start.)
Sheesh! Wish I could afford a lawyer – or even a copy editor – out of the fees I earn posting here.
maidhc said,
Charles K. Bliss was an Austrian Jew who ended up in the ghetto in Shanghai during WWII. He learned to read Chinese and decided that the key to world communication and understanding was an ideographic international language.
Bliss's invention was called Semantography or Blissymbolics. It received about the same amount of interest as most proposals for world understanding do.
Bliss was appointed an Honorary Fellow in Linguistics at the Australian National University in 1979.
So there are some people who think that it's the Chinese who are on the right track.
What track would that be? The Chinese themselves gave up on the idea of writing divorced from speech sometime around the time of King Tut, if they ever seriously pursued it in the first place.
scav said,
@maidc
You can probably find *some* people who believe almost *any* proposition.
I'm a non-expert, and my intuitions are probably badly wrong, but ISTM that language is primarily spoken and only secondarily written. Anything that creates a disparity between the spoken and written forms is potentially a problem for literacy.
You could make a good enough semantically-based writing system if you had a good enough ontology to base it on. I think it's an open question whether that's even possible.
And you would still want children and new language learners to be able to *read* simple useful utterances *aloud* as soon as possible without requiring them to first memorise a whole load of contingent non-language facts.
@maidhc
Bliss was debunked by J. Marshall Unger (in his Ideogram) and by Arika Okrent (in her The Land of Invented Languages).
J. Marshall Unger said,
I don't know about Japanese or Chinese aviation terminology 1931-45, but I do know that the Japanese Army experienced difficulties with semiliterate recruits causing accidents because they were unable to read kanji, and therefore (secretly) limited the number of kanji in parts and ordnance names. I therefore think it doubtful that the use of kana in addition to kanji gave Japanese soldiers of any kind a signfiicant edge over their Chinese counterparts. Both sides were no doubt handicapped to some extent by the use of characters, though the details surely differed. Those differences would have been related to differences in technical development, mass education, and so on. Reducing the matter to just "kana or not" is hopelessly simplistic.
Re the sad case of Bliss: See my 2005 book or Arika Okrent's _In the Land of Invented Languages_.
Finally, "80,000 characters" is far too high. The largest dictionary (Morohashi) has approximately 53,000 entries, and a large percentage are merely variant forms of one kind or another of characters in other entries.
I'd say it is of capital importance that we maintain a sense of proportion. A social problem can be worth addressing, indeed urgent, even if it does not portend the imminent demise of one of mankind's principal civilizations.
Hyperbole, too, has its place; no doubt, Lu Xun's quote would be a powerful ornament in its original context. To pull such a quote out of that context and present it in isolation is to deprive it of that power. Why, then, present it in such a fashion? The only purpose I can see is as a form of self-deprecating humor. An author might want to acknowledge that yes, s/he is perhaps inclined to exaggerate the dimensions of the problem, perhaps even capable of assenting to so patently absurd a proposition that the persistence of Chinese characters represents a mortal threat to the continued existence of China. Having owned up to this foible and earned a friendly chuckle, such an author might proceed to state a serious case for reform of China's writing system. It was as a charitable reader that I assumed that such self-deprecation was Chris Barden's intent, and did in fact chuckle.
Lu Xun, the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th century, really believed that when he said it (it fits squarely within the context of so many other things he said about the Chinese script), and I know many Chinese language reform specialists who still believe that the Chinese characters are a serious drag on Chinese society and science, so it's really not something to chuckle about.
What do you think drives people like Jiao Yingqi to make such "radical" proposals for reform of the Chinese script? What factors drove the dramatic simplification of the script in the 1950s and 1960s? Why does Romanization continue to make inroads in diverse aspects of Chinese life and thought? Why do you think there is such a mania for learning English at all levels and ages? If you don't have answers to these questions now, stay tuned for my next post; it may give you some hints.
Your "imminent demise", "patently absurd", "mortal threat", and the like are your own hyperbole and rhetoric. Lu Xun had a much longer view of history than you appear to have.
drs said,
Japanese use kana and romaji a lot, but largely for grammar and loanwords. For basic meaning you still need a couple thousand kanji. And my ignorant impression is that in a sense that's even harder than learning Chinese, because every kanji has at least two pronunciations (Japanese reading and Chinese reading), and often hideously more, while in Chinese each character has one sound. Plus the sound collision in Chinese readings of kanji when tones didn't come over.
Obviously, the Japanese cope, though AIUI they also spend quite a lot of time in school learning all that, whereas as an adult I learned hiragana, katakana, and Morse code rather readily at a basic level, and would probably be more rapid if I had texts to read in them. (Though recognizing kana in its various fonts is still another matter.)
@drs
"…while in Chinese each character has one sound."
Not true. Many Chinese characters have 2, 3, or more pronunciations, sometimes quite different, and with disparate meanings.
Granted, Japanese pronunciation of kanji is a bear, especially as they are used in personal names, which is more like a nightmare, and even native speakers go crazy trying to cope.
Anyway, unless you are a classicist, you normally only have to deal with about 2,000 kanji, though few people remember that many, so they often resort to kana to "spell" out the sounds of the kanji they have forgotten. Unger, in one of his books, reports the results of studies showing how large the attrition rate is once students get out of school (especially in the army). Retention is frequently down in the hundreds.
Wait, I missed this before, but did APOLLO upthread make what sounds like a testable prediction that the Phillipines (or Indonesia, which is likely fully Latinized) should based on writing system have a less "chaotic social and cultural life" than, e.g. Taiwan or Japan? Does anyone have any data (or a good metric for "chaos" in the relevant spheres) that could be used to assess the validity of that prediction?
@Professor Mair: I can't believe you've actually chosen to fight it out on this line.
"I know many Chinese language reform specialists who still believe that the Chinese characters are a serious drag on Chinese society and science" And they may well be right. But there's quite a difference between "a serious drag" and a mortal threat. Both are worth addressing, of course, but China is doing well enough that predictions of the form "Either x will occur or China will die" do not exactly inspire confidence. Perhaps China will face a difficult period, perhaps it will suffer deep losses, perhaps it will miss precious opportunities, but, absent the destruction of the entire human race, China will not die any time soon.
And "any time soon" is the relevant time-frame for responding to such a prediction. You say that "Lu Xun had a much longer view of history than [I] appear to have," and I shouldn't be at all surprised if he did. But a prediction of death is meaningless unless it involves some time-frame. No one expects China to survive the heat death of the universe, for example, regardless of the progress of script reform in the next ten to the hundredth power years.
Is China to die in the next 100 years? That seems unlikely; very few cultures that existed 100 years ago had a fraction of the dynamism and depth that China has today, and yet most of them are still around in one form or another. Even if we look at the cultures that were in the world 1000 years ago, those that bear any comparison to contemporary China still have recognizable descendants. If we extend our time frame to 2000 years or 5000 years or 10.000 years, it becomes more plausible that China might dissolve, but less plausible that anyone would have sufficient information to diagnose any current social problem, however severe, as the likely cause of that dissolution.
If anything, Lu Hsun's hyperbolic-sounding rhetoric makes more sense within the framework of his own life-span, which covered the collapse/overthrow of the Empire and the conspicuous failure of the 1911-12 revolution to create a stable successor regime. "China" (as distinct from "Chinese" as a language or set of languages, or the Han Chinese as an ethnocultural group) spent his entire life failing (for a combination of reasons that are obviously the subject of ongoing debate among historians) at the fairly basic task for a modern nation-state of having a stable and reasonably efficient government with de facto control over the entirety of the territory it historically claimed, to the exclusion of foreign occupiers, local warlords, and regional claims to independence (the ROC rather awkwardly has still not officially reconciled itself to the independence of Outer Mongolia). As of the year of Lu Hsun's death, the prognosis for the basic survival of China as a unified nation-state (if one considers that to be a desirable thing) was not nearly as rosy as Acilius considers it to be at present for the coming century. So the causes and possible cures of that ongoing failure/crisis were understandably much on the minds of many Chinese intellectuals of Lu Hsun's generation. How high issues related to the writing system should have ranked in the list of either possible causes for the perceived problem or possible solutions to the perceived problem is of course another question altogether. There is also perhaps an irony that Lu Hsun was apparently a key player in the transition toward the production of serious literature in modern vernacular Mandarin rather than formal Literary Chinese, but his ongoing fame indicates that perhaps publishing that vernacular literature in hanzi was more successful than his own views on language reform might have implied.
"As of the year of Lu Hsun's death, the prognosis for the basic survival of China as a unified nation-state (if one considers that to be a desirable thing) was not nearly as rosy as Acilius considers it to be at present for the coming century." Sure, but even so it was a wild overstatement to speak of the prospective death of China. Terrible as much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were for China, it's been through worse. As Adam Smith used to say, there's a lot of ruin in a nation. In view of all the troubles from which China has recovered throughout its history, I suspect that it may have almost as far to go to complete its ruin as the whole world has to complete its.
If you want to gain a better understanding of Lu Xun's cri de coeur and if you wish to have a better appreciation for why many language reformers still feel a sense of urgency with regard to the Chinese writing system, I would suggest that you read these two books by John De Francis:
Nationalism and Language Reform in China (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950; many reprints)
The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984)
Lu Xun and those who have followed in his footsteps were not predicting the immediate obliteration of China. What they were saying is that, if the Chinese writing system is not reformed, China — as they knew it — would be in grave danger. Guess what? The Chinese writing system has been reformed and is being transformed radically:
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4157 (including the embedded links)
More dramatic changes of the written language are in the offing.
@Professor Mair: I know that you are one of the USA's most distinguished scholars of the Chinese language, and am grateful to you for sharing your learning with the readers of Language Log. I'm sure that all of your statements are well-founded, and don't wish to disagree with you.
In view of your eminence, I must confess to being rather deeply mystified by this exchange. You write: "Lu Xun and those who have followed in his footsteps were not predicting the immediate obliteration of China." I'm sure they weren't, not as the serious men they no doubt were. That's why I've said the only thing I have said, which is that to take a quote such as "If Chinese characters are not eradicated, China will perish!" out of its context and place it at the head of an article is to invite a chuckle. Not that the underlying issue is unserious; quite the contrary. Often the more seriously one takes a matter, the less seriously one takes oneself. A self-deprecating joke, therefore, might very well preface a weighty discussion.
Not that I dispute your expertise, but can I ask why you're calling the Morohashi the largest dictionary? I've obviously never counted myself, but the most recent (2010) version of the Hanyu Da Zidian is purported to include a little over 60,000, while the variant character dictionary I mentioned (the Yitizi Zidian) advertises 106,230. Victor Mair himself wrote a post a few years back referring to a couple of dictionaries with 80,000+. I don't believe for a second there has ever been near like 80,000 unique morphemes in written Chinese—over 75,000 of the characters in the Yitizi Zidian are variants of the other 30,000!—but from the sound of it, the Morohashi dictionary is largely variants too.
Anton Sherwood said,
… advocates the creation of entirely new radicals such as "computer", "privacy", "electron", "network", "DNA", "homosexual", "genetically modified (GM)", "digital", "money", "pollution", and "independence".
Wow. DNA and GM? Computer and digital and electron? Privacy and independence?
I wonder how many of these will be on a future (say +2e4 years) version of the Swadesh List.
Ted said,
Is it not at least arguable that, by 1973, China as Lu knew it had indeed perished?
Of course, this doesn't mean the complete eradication of Chinese culture, any more than the legacy of Rome died with the fall of the Roman Empire (which itself occurred over hundreds of years rather than in a single cataclysmic event).
But it doesn't take an extensive analysis of naval operations in and around the Taiwan Straits to understand that "the survival of China as a unified nation-state" since Lu's death has not been without its complications.
Ana said,
You say that chinese have a limited number of sounds(400 sounds),even whit the the use of tones(1200 posible sounds) and that will cause confusion if written in pinyin,because alot of chinese words whit different meanings will be written identical.The solution could be the use of combination of big and small letters.For example a word made from 2 letters(like HE) could have 4 posible combinations decided by convention:he,HE,hE.He.The word whit many sounds could have even more posible combinations.Word HUANG could be written as:huang,Huang,hUang,huAng,huaNg,huanG,HUang,HuAng,HuaNg,HuanG,hUAng,hUaNg,hUanG,HUAng,huANG,HUANG,HUANg,HUaNG and so one in at least 36 combinations for a word whit 5 letters.The more sounds a word has,the more posible combinations.But even simple 2 letter words can have 4 different meanings.Such conventions could be easily created for problematic words
that combination of big and small letter is used only for the words whit identical tonal and letter spelling and when the context is not accessible.If the tonal are different then is no need for big and small letters.If huâng is identical whit another word huâng(to mean a different thing,just for the sake of argument)Than diferentiation will be huâng and huÂng,or hUâng,or huâNg.


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by Mary Murdock
"I want the food I showcase to the community here at Strathmore to show decency, dignity, love, and passion," declares Chef LaTasha Stevenson, Strathmore's new Executive Chef. After nearly two years without in-house dining due to the pandemic, the Allegro Kitchen at Strathmore reopened this fall under the visionary leadership of Chef LaTasha, whose philosophy ensures that at Strathmore, art is everywhere—even on your plate. With menus that change nightly, based on seasonal, local ingredients and the cultural themes of performances, Chef LaTasha's fresh, community centered approach creates a special dining environment.
Chef LaTasha has had a passion for cooking since childhood. Born and raised in Philadelphia, she marveled as her mother made biscuits from scratch, without ever measuring the ingredients, and they came out perfect every time. She grew up helping her grandmother snap beans and peel sweet potatoes on the porch and knew, by the time she was 14 years old, that she wanted to become a chef.
After graduating from the Art Institute of Philadelphia and completing a formative internship in the Disney Culinary Program, she moved to the DC area to begin a fruitful culinary career. Over the last 16 years, she worked her way up through various chef and assistant positions to take on managerial and executive chef roles. She sees the Executive Chef position at Strathmore as an opportunity to break away from the conventional and engage in cultural expression through cuisine. In serving the Strathmore community, she says, "I can direct my strong instincts and incredible energy into doing meaningful work." Not only does she draw from her personal roots in the Southern US, African, and mid-Atlantic cuisine, but she also skillfully incorporates cultural elements from the diverse performances that Strathmore presents.
Chef LaTasha also plans to foster an environment of motivation, creativity, and community in her kitchen. "Having respect for self and the atmosphere as well as the other workers in the kitchen is important to building a strong culinary team." Her inclusive and energetic leadership style is sure to instill a sense of welcome and belonging, for her staff and patrons.
EXPECT GREAT TASTE
When attending a show at Strathmore, patrons can now expect the Allegro Kitchen to serve up thoughtfully curated fare, inspired by the season and tailored to the performance. For example, Chef LaTasha worked with Persian singer Dariush and his team to curate a menu featuring rosemary-garlic lamb chops with pita, hummus, and tabbouleh, and Persian Love Cake for dessert. The Allegro Kitchen will also regularly feature action stations where delicious dishes are whipped up before your eyes. One night, diners may witness kitchen staff serving slow-braised pulled pork while frying brussels sprouts and crispy onions. Another night, a creamy vegetarian risotto bar will invite patrons to garnish with toppings of their choice, including parmesan cheese, sautéed mushrooms, roasted red peppers, and more. The Music Center bars, along with the usual offerings of beer and wine, will also feature cocktails and other items specifically selected for each show. As the season continues, the menu and offerings will expand to create even more delicious options for patrons.
At AMP, guests can treat themselves to various small plates and desserts on a consistent, carefully chosen menu. The 144-seat lounge, which has recently been revamped to allow extra space and comfort for guests, offers fresh tastes ranging from a chopped, baby kale and quinoa salad to heirloom tomatoes and mozzarella or a gorgeous cheese and fruit platter with honeycomb. Pair with wine, a cocktail, or a local, craft beer. More than ever, the culinary experience will make AMP a one-stop shop for an evening at Pike & Rose.
Brides, grooms, and business meeting planners will also get to benefit from Chef LaTasha's culinary creativity. Strathmore Culinary Arts will provide customized, onsite catering for weddings, milestone celebrations, and other private events in Strathmore spaces. Strathmore is delighted to offer a redesigned dining experience to patrons that will not only provide the convenience of having a meal in-house before a show, but also a delicious, high-quality menu that is crafted with care and intentionality for each performance. Dinner and a show never sounded so good!
Visit Strathmore.org/Dining

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home News Music News Page 78
SOLVEJ SCHOU, NINA DIAZ AND ABBY TRAVIS WILL PERFORM AT TURN IT UP! FUNDRAISER JULY...
GGM Staff - July 16, 2019
Watch: Sensitive Robot feat. Alexx Calise – "I Still Believe in Love" Official Lyric...
Emily Ann Roberts Releases Debut EP Someday Dream
BONES UK Releases Self-Titled Debut LP On Sumerian Records U.S. Tour With The Struts
The Acoustic Music of Raven and Red Soars on New CD, We Rise Up, Coming February 2, 2018, on Line Crossing Records
Music News GGM Staff - November 21, 2017
NASHVILLE, TN – Acoustic trio Raven and Red announce February 2, 2018, release date for their new CD, We Rise Up, on Line Crossing Records. Originally from Georgia and Pennsylvania and now based in Nashville, Raven and Red are comprised...
UK songstress/master guitarist Sarah McQuaid releasing 5th album produced by Michael Chapman
Produced by legendary singer-songwriter and guitar sage Michael Chapman, If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous is the fifth solo album by UK-based singer/songwriter Sarah McQuaid. The album is being release February 2 by Shovel And A...
Joan as Police Woman Shares Video For "Warning Bell"
JOAN AS POLICE WOMAN returns with a new album, Damned Devotion, and it's her best yet. The first video to accompany the album is for Warning Bell (Track of the Day on Lauren Laverne's 6Music show), a tender, bewitching song...
JOHN LEGEND AND CARRIE UNDERWOOD SET TO CO-HOST "GRAMMYS GREATEST STORIES: A 60TH ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL" AIRING FRIDAY, NOV. 24 ON CBS
GRAMMY® Award winners John Legend and Carrie Underwood will co-host "GRAMMYs® Greatest Stories: A 60th Anniversary Special," an all-encompassing retrospective packed with epic moments from the past 59 years of GRAMMY history, including new anecdotes directly from the artists on how...
WINNERS OF 18TH ANNUAL LATIN GRAMMY AWARDS® ARE ANNOUNCED TONIGHT LIVE ON UNIVISION FROM MGM GRAND GARDEN ARENA IN LAS VEGAS
LAS VEGAS (November 16, 2017) – The winners of the 18th Annual Latin GRAMMY Awards® were announced tonight during a live broadcast from the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. The three-hour special aired on the Univision Network and was hosted by Jaime...
Building Sonic Worlds: Mark Mangini on the dynamic, immersive sound of Blade Runner 2049
The sound of Blade Runner 2049 is striking. Even non-sound folk are likely to recognize the crucial role it plays throughout the expansive follow-up to Ridley Scott's 1982 sci-fi cult classic. Artfully sweeping from immersive to hyper-focused to nearly silent, the film's stellar sound propels the...
Serena Foster Releases Her Newest Single 'Show Me The Way' this Friday
On Friday, November 17th, Serena Foster will be releasing her second single "Show Me The Way" following the recent release of her debut single, "Hollow" in August. You can listen to the track here: ...
Sennheiser Powers Marquee Performances at 2017 CMA Awards
The 51st Annual Country Music Association (CMA) Awards once again brought together the biggest names in country music for an evening of memorable performances. The three-hour telecast found 14.3 million viewers tuning in to listen to their favorite artists,...
Hal Leonard and METAlliance release first installment of Al Schmitt on Micing
Music News Guitar Girl Magazine - November 13, 2017
Hal Leonard and the METAlliance® proudly present the first installment of the METAlliance Academy Series, a new video tutorial series featuring the collective knowledge of the famed METAlliance members. In the 16 videos encompassing this first course, titled Al...
Miranda Lambert brings "traditional" country music to the CMAs
Miranda Lambert brings back "traditional" country music to the CMAs with her new single "To Learn Her" with twang and all!


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Online Car Racing Games
Bike Games | Car Games | Drag Racing | Drifting Games | Driving Games | Other | Parking Games | Pimp My Ride | Truck Games | Most Popular | Top Rated
Online driving game - Monster Truck Rampage
Description : In this shooting - driving game Monster Truck Rampage you must drive a truck and try to survive and destroy all enemy cars, tanks and solders on your way. Picking up repairing items to repair your car and survive in this war.
Game Tags: shooting games, action games, car games, driving games, game games
Cool Racing Games
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monster truck games | dirt bike games
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All graphics, games and other multimedia are copyrighted to their respective owners and authors.


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Q: Gwt-rpc usage DAO only. Get rid of DTO I am about to start new java project and I consider GWT as my framework for it.
I've checked a lot of articles on the internet (main documentation also) and I am quite confused.
So I ask You:
Can I use jpa Entities to work with DAO, and to be sended over network to client?
I really don't understand the concept of DTO (writing almost the same but more poor class of Model)
If I will about to send Entities over network to client, how to use Serializable Transient annotation to NOT serialize and send methods, parameters of class? Is it even possible?
How all of this will work with Generic Typed Superclass extended by right class implementation?
f.e:
public class GenericModel extends GenericModel<T> {
     //some generic code
}

public class RightModel extends GenericModel<RightModel> {
    // some right class code
}

the same goes with DAO...
Please help.
I count on Yours experience.

A: Not that I was an expert at that time but when I started to combine Hibernate (not JPA as such) and GWT, it was a pain.
The reason that you can't just send over Hibernate managed objects (and I guess same counts for JPA, regardless of the underlying technology), is that they contain bytecode-manipulation stuff like javassist. GWT doesn't like this at all, and you can't send those objects over the GWT RPC wire.
Ofcourse also it doesn't make sense: you can't expect your Javascript (client-side) to invoke SQL to lazy-load collections when you invoke a getter on your DAO (because that's what happens server-side with these DAO objects, that's what the javassist magic is doing behind your back).
I'm not sure that even if all collections were eagerly loaded, your objects would be free of javassist stuff, and could be serialized over GWT-RPC. That leaves you with one alternative, which is to have POJO objects tailor-made to contain only those parts (properties/collections) that you need on the client at that moment - the DTO.
Since then a lot has happened in GWT, and I know of something completely different from RPC, which is RequestFactory (see http://www.gwtproject.org/doc/latest/DevGuideRequestFactory.html). I haven't used that myself, but it claims to make it easy to build data-oriented (CRUD) apps with an ORM-like interface on the client. So this may be the way to go if you don't want to build custom classes for wiring RPC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Secret History of Ellijay and the "Great" Cherokee Chief White Path June 12, 2020 June 12, 2020
Affirmative Action . . . somehow it went out into lala land January 31, 2023 January 31, 2023
The History of Affirmative Action Programs in the United States January 29, 2023 January 29, 2023
Videos: Story of the migration of the Miccosukee's ancestors from Tabasco, Mexico to NE Georgia January 25, 2023 January 25, 2023
Video: The Renaissance of the Creek People January 25, 2023 January 25, 2023
Have you ever designed a medieval torture chamber for a strip club? January 24, 2023 January 24, 2023
The erased history of energy conservation in the late 20th century January 23, 2023 January 23, 2023
The Secret History of Dr. Martin Luther King's funeral in Atlanta January 18, 2023 January 19, 2023
The Proud History of the Black Seminoles January 15, 2023 January 15, 2023
Ladies, could you make your own clothes with this treadle-driven device? January 14, 2023 January 14, 2023
Georgia Creek Pride! January 11, 2023 January 11, 2023


Out with the jeans — Lutz Huelle was getting tired of them. The designer has been traveling a lot lately — he was recently named top designer at Delpozo and plans to keep his Paris base — which sparked an interest in sprucing things up. Properly.
The answer came down the runway, the glamour channeled through shimmery jacquards and bright taffetas, prominent diamond waterfall necklaces — the graphic kind, from the Eighties — as well as his trademark couture volumes including sleeves with an extra puff.


text:
The Bloghealthy livingHealthHeart Disease
3 Former NBA Players Die of Heart Attacks in 3 Weeks: Maybe John Salley Is Right
Joel Kahn, MD, Contributor
America's Healthy Heart Doc
Sep 1, 2015, 02:14 PM EDT | Updated Sep 1, 2016
One plant-based educator I am proud to call a friend is John Salley, a 7-foot former NBA great with four championship rings. I met John years ago when we would speak together at plant-based conferences in Detroit. He combines deep knowledge and experience with humor and a commanding presence to make a strong case for shunning animal products for a purer life as exemplified by his new program, www.bettalifechallenge.com.
While John's transformation to health, vitality and optimal body weight might be of be of interest to most, it stands in stark contrast to the death of three former NBA players from heart disease, all about the same age as John, within three weeks earlier this year. My passion is to teach as many as possible that over 80 percent of heart attacks are preventable using simple and affordable lifestyle measures. These tragic deaths are worthy of launching a campaign to prevent 1 million heart attacks in the next two years, and I am embarking on that plan.
1. Anthony Mason was only 48 years old when he died in late February following a heart attack. He had won the Sixth Man Award with the Knicks in 1995 and was loved by fans for his competitive play. He had gained over 100 pounds from his former 250-pound frame after retirement. He was survived by two sons and his elderly mother.
2. Christian Welp was 51 years old when he died earlier this year of a heart attack. He was originally from Germany and brought his 7-foot athleticism to the U.S. to become the leading scorer in the history of the University of Washington and ultimately a short NBA career. He then returned to Europe to play. He was survived by his wife and two children.
3. Jack Haley died March 16 at the age of 51 after suffering a heart attack. Haley played in the NBA for nine years including the 1995-6 championship Chicago Bulls team. He was survived by his ex-wife, two sons, and his mother.
Heart disease is a silent killer that seemingly strikes less fear in the heart of the public compared to cancer or even wrinkles! Heart disease can be detected early using widely available and inexpensive technologies like coronary artery calcium scans, is preventable, and can even be reversed if already present. I outlined a plan on how to never have a heart attack in my book Dead Execs Don't Get Bonuses: The Ultimate Guide to Surviving Your Career With a Healthy Heart. My wish is with warriors like John Salley preaching his health message we can see the last of NBA heart tragedies, and heart attacks in general, and succeed in reaching my goal of preventing 1 million heart attacks in the next two years.
healthy livingHealthHeart DiseaseFitness and ExerciseFood


text:
Die Silberfarn-Flagge (englisch: ) wird manchmal als inoffizielle Flagge Neuseelands angesehen. Der Silberfarn ist Neuseelands Nationalpflanze, neben dem Begriff Kiwi (dieser bezeichnet Kiwis, die Kiwifrucht sowie die Neuseeländer selbst) eines der wichtigsten Nationalsymbole des Pazifikstaates und ist mit dem Ahornblatt in der kanadischen Gesellschaft zu vergleichen.

Der Silberfarn selbst dient als Einzelsymbol oder auf Fahnen und Flaggen verschiedener Einrichtungen, Vereine und Organisationen und wird jeweils unterschiedlich dargestellt. So kommt die Pflanze unter anderem im Wappen Neuseelands vor und erscheint zusammen mit dem Kiwi auf der 1-Dollar-Münze Neuseelands. Außerdem benutzen zahlreiche nationale Sportvereine des Landes ein Silberfarn, so zum Beispiel die Silver Ferns, Neuseelands Netball-Nationalteam, und die wohl bekannteren All Blacks, die neuseeländische Rugby-Union-Nationalmannschaft. Im Rahmen des Boykotts der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1980 in Moskau liefen die fünf teilnehmenden neuseeländischen Sportler unter der Silberfarn-Flagge auf.

Der Silberfarn ist spätestens seit dem Südafrikanischen Krieg von 1899 bis 1902 offizielles Abzeichen auf fast allen Uniformen der neuseeländischen Streitkräfte. Etwa zu diesem Zeitpunkt wurde der einheitliche Vorgänger-Kranz, der ein bestimmtes Wappen oder Emblem auf den Uniformen der Dominion-Soldaten umgab (bis dahin der Union Wreath aus Rosen, Disteln und Kleeblättern) durch länderspezifische Kränze ersetzt: Dabei wurden die jeweiligen Nationalpflanzen der Dominions bzw. Kolonien verwendet, also Ahorn für Kanada, Akazien für Australien, Protea für Südafrika und eben ein Silberfarn für Neuseeland.

In den letzten Jahren gab es immer wieder Bestrebungen, die aktuelle Nationalflagge des Landes durch eine Form der Silberfarn-Flagge zu ersetzen. Eine Befürworterin eines Flaggenwechsels war die ehemalige Kulturministerin Neuseelands, Marie Hasler, die sich im Jahr 1998 für die Silberfarn-Flagge einsetzte. Unterstützt wurde sie dabei von der damaligen Premierministerin Jenny Shipley und dem neuseeländischen Tourismusverband (New Zealand Tourism Board). Bis zu den Neuwahlen wurde das Projekt aber nicht mehr realisiert (siehe dazu: Flagge Neuseelands). Auch ein im Januar 2005 geplantes Referendum zur Einführung der Silberfarn-Flagge durch den NZ Flag.com Trust war wegen zu geringer Beteiligung der Bevölkerung nicht erfolgreich.

Im März 2016 stimmte die Bevölkerung Neuseelands über die Frage der Einführung einer neuen Nationalflagge ab. Um zu klären, welche Alternative gegen die aktuelle Flagge zur Wahl stand, fand im Dezember 2015 ein vorangeschaltetes Referendum statt. In diesem setzte sich, unter insgesamt fünf Vorschlägen, die schwarz-weiß-blaue Variante einer von Kyle Lockwood entworfenen Silberfarnflagge mit knappem Vorsprung vor einer rot-weiß-blauen durch.
Im Referendum am 24. März 2016 setzte sich die alte Flagge gegen den Silberfarn-Flaggen-Vorschlag durch.

Einzelnachweise

Kultur (Neuseeland)
Flagge (Neuseeland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bucks County is een van de 67 county's in de Amerikaanse staat Pennsylvania.

De county heeft een landoppervlakte van 1.573 km² en telt 597.635 inwoners (volkstelling 2000). De hoofdplaats is Doylestown.

Geboren
 Robert Curtis Brown (1957), acteur

Bevolkingsontwikkeling

County in Pennsylvania


text:
Go to Kalara Homepage
Prometheus the Giant Slayer
Prometheus is a character from Mission to Rayche, the third chapter of the Sanctum of the Archmage series of role-playing game modules for Neverwinter Nights. Mission to Rayche is still in development.
Prometheus Antonos, also known as Prometheus the Giant-Slayer, is a member of the renowned adventuring group, The Heroes of Glorn. He was sent by the Magistrate of Glorn as an emissary from the Free City-States of Landis to coordinate the hasty marshalling of the Landissian and Raychian armies at the mouth of Stonegate pass. He can be found in the King's Throne room and the player can talk to him about his adventures, and the lands of Landis and Glorn. He adventured with Nimrod and will recognize it if the player is wearing Nimrod's Ring.
Prometheus is a large and powerfully muscled fighter who wields a huge battle hammer named Iron Thunder. He also has bright green hair, the result of opening a cursed door in a dungeon on one of his adventures. He affects a pronounced "tough guy" manner, but has a keen intellect and a highly developed sense of honor. Prometheus can join the party during the endgame sequence (for the Find the Traitor quest). As a henchman he's a ranger with giants and demons as his racial enemies.
Kalara
Character Profiles in World Lore
Andarian


Nice download. Thank you for sharing.
I like reading odiya books.
Now odia will be available all over the world. Thanks for the work.
can you please add pdf version of "dasyu ratan" series? it will be really helpful. thank you.
Thank uuuuu very much to give us oriya story…….


text:
Клубний провулок  — невеличка вулиця у місті Біла Церква, яка бере початок з вулиці Героїв Небесної Сотні і закінчується виходом до вулиці Леся Курбаса. Знаходиться у центральній частині міста.

Історична відомість

Відомі будівлі
Київський академічний обласний музично-драматичний театр імені П. К. Саксаганського (Клубний провулок, 1).
 Гуртожиток №2 Білоцерківського національного аграрного університету (Клубний провулок, 2/35). Побудований 1935 року за проектом О. В. Кобелєва. Об'єкт культурної спадщини (архітектура).

Примітки

Посилання
 Клубний провулок на карті міста.

Вулиці Білої Церкви


text:
module Togglehq
  class Device
    attr_accessor :os, :uuid, :os_version, :manufacturer, :model

    def initialize(params = {})
      @os = params[:os]
      @uuid = params[:uuid]
      @os_version = params[:os_version]
      @manufacturer = params[:manufacturer]
      @model = params[:model]
    end

    # Enables a device to receive notifications
    # @param token [String] the token of the device
    # @raise [RuntimeError] raised if the device is invalid or not found
    def enable!(token)
      response = Togglehq::Request.new("/devices/enable",{"device" => {"uuid" => self.uuid, "token" => token}}).patch!
      if response.status == 200
        return true
      elsif response.status == 404
        json = JSON.parse(response.body)
        raise json["message"]
      else
        raise "unexpected error enabling the device"
      end
    end

    # Assigns a device to a specific user
    # @param user_identifier [String] the identifier of the user
    # @raise [RuntimeError] raised if either the device or user is invalid or not found
    def assign!(user_identifier)
      response = Togglehq::Request.new("/devices/assign",{"device" => {"uuid" => self.uuid}, "user" => {"identifier" => user_identifier}}).patch!
      if response.status == 200
        return true
      elsif response.status == 404
        json = JSON.parse(response.body)
        raise json["message"]
      else
        raise "unexpected error assigning the device"
      end
    end

    # Unassigns a device from all users
    # @raise [RuntimeError] raised if either the device or user is invalid or not found
    def unassign!
      response = Togglehq::Request.new("/devices/unassign",{"device" => {"uuid" => self.uuid}}).patch!
      if response.status == 200
        return true
      elsif response.status == 404
        json = JSON.parse(response.body)
        raise json["message"]
      else
        raise "unexpected error unassigning the device"
      end
    end

    # Saves a new device
    def save
      response = Togglehq::Request.new("/devices", {"device" => {"os" => self.os, "os_version" => self.os_version, "manufacturer" => self.manufacturer, "model" => self.model}}).post!
      if response.status == 200
        self.persisted!
        json = JSON.parse(response.body)
        self.uuid = json["device"]["uuid"]
        return true
      else
        raise "unexpected error saving the device"
      end
    end

    # @private
    def persisted!
      @persisted = true
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This comfortable Swivel Seat can be used on many of our Sea Eagle boats. For use on Motormount boats, Fisher Tenders or Sport Boats, the seat can be mounted on a 94 qt. cooler which will fit snugly into any of these boats. (Please note, hardware is not included.) This seat can also be attached to our Seat Spider. And now, the Swivel Seat is a standard feature on our new 375fc FoldCat fishing catamaran.


text:
Carmel Partners picks up UES dev site
Developer paid $73.5M for First Ave property
By Rich Bockmann
Ron Zeff and 1487-1493 First Avenue (Google Maps, Carmel Partners)
Carmel Partners bought a development site on the Upper East Side for more than $70 million — the neighborhood's second big land deal in recent weeks.
The San Francisco-based investment firm headed by Ron Zeff paid $73.5 million to buy a development site at the southwest corner of 1st Avenue and East 78th Street, sources familiar with the sale told The Real Deal.
The property at 1487 1st Avenue, has a little more than 153,000 square feet of buildable space, bringing the price to approximately $480 per square foot. Carmel can increase the size of any future development with the purchase of inclusionary housing certificates.
A representative for Carmel Partners could not be immediately reached for comment. A JLL team of Bob Knakal and John Hageman negotiated the deal on behalf of the seller, a private family. The brokers couldn't be reached for comment.
Carmel's purchase comes after Miki Naftali's Naftali Group paid $72.6 million to buy a pair of Upper East Side apartment buildings a block west at 1481-1489 Second Avenue, also brokered by JLL. Naftali could develop a building as large as 186,000 square feet on the site.
Seven years' war: Simon Baron, tenant brawl over $25M penthouse
Chetrit Group sells 1231 Third Avenue
The 10 priciest Manhattan condo filings of 2021
Carmel made headlines in recent years as it was embroiled in a pay-for-play scandal in Los Angeles, for which it agreed in January 2021 to pay a $1.2 million fine.
The company announced in May 2021 it had issued about $220 million in land and construction loans for multifamily properties in New York and Boston.
The firm has been pretty quiet on the investment front in New York as of late. In 2018, the company sold a portfolio of multifamily properties covering 3,870 units in New York, California and Hawaii to Brookfield Property Partners for $1.9 billion.
The sale included the 157-unit, 30-story rental tower at 15 Cliff Street in the Financial District for $125.4 million.
Contact Rich Bockmann
bob knakalcarmel partnersDevelopmentupper east side
Don't call it a comeback: Austin hotels rebound but building never slowed
Trump planning retail, luxury homes in Doral resort expansion
A 16-acre multifamily development headed to North Austin
Hakimian changes Midtown hotel plans to residential
Bayonne to weigh 2 redevelopment proposals
BFC Partners closes on Staten Island dev site
UES townhouse rumored to have been owned by Grace Kelly sells for $25M
Catskills resorts ramping up for 2022


can be bought for investment purpose with mentioned stoploss.
Strong Breakout on Weekly. We now have a retracement in making. Expect retracement till Weekly KS and Bounce. Expecting target 77. I am already long on this stock, will add more on retracement.
Short below 56.70 Target 54 Stoploss 59.
Short with your own stop loss. I will not use any.


This is a guest post by Rev. Julian Mann.
Hopefully Private Eye editor Ian Hislop's BBC programme about Victorian financiers - When bankers were good - will properly explain why they were.
The answer very clearly is that Victorian Britain was saturated with Biblical values in the wake of the 18th century evangelical revival. Evangelical Christianity teaches that the whole of life is impacted by the truth of the gospel. That means one should earn one's money in an ethical manner and use it for the love of God and of one's neighbour.
Such a spiritual and moral culture thus conduced to bankers with active consciences moved to virtue, in contrast to the financiers spawned by de-Christianised Britain.
My Hislop's own position in relation to Christian Britain is interesting. He clearly has some sort of spiritual sympathy with it, having presented a previous BBC series about Victorian philanthropists.
But the magazine he edits was a product of the 1960s, the decade which set the hounds on Christian Britain. Private Eye, launched in 1961, belongs to the Beyond the Fringe satirical movement championed by its former proprietor, the late Mr Peter Cook, which set out to lampoon authority and undermine respect for the then British establishment.
The current corrosive cynicism about politicians, in fact more accurately the nihilism about political engagement, has its roots in that godless movement.
The antidote to greedy bankers, corrupt politicians, and a cynical public is evangelical Christianity. That antidote was active in Victorian Britain when rich people were more inclined to listen to Jesus Christ: "Take heed and beware of covetousness; for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth (Luke 12v15 - King James Version)."
Mr Hislop's moral position would be more consistent if he preached that message, forsaking the cynical cultural Baal of Private Eye, now ironically a journal the Ahabesque British establishment is quite comfortable with.


text:
A proof of concept CLI based Brute-Force/Dictionary attack script written in PHP. This script is specifically targeted at WordPress installs but could be easily re-written to work with a multitude of HTTP-Post based attacks.

###Requires cURL

##Usage

Clone and run with:

````php Attack.php````

Currently the command does not take any parameters.

Change the URL and password dictionary in the ````Attack.php```` file.

##More info
You will be much better off testing with a tool such as THC-HYDRA but this is a proof of concept, written as an experiment.

Most production WordPress servers will implement some kind of policy that will prevent people from brute forcing their login. This script is not effective against sites that will lock you login ability or ban your IP for too many quick login attempts.

##To-Do

-Add the ability to take command parameters

-Right now the script determines success by checking for a lack of the string "ERROR" in the server response. It would be better to check for something positive, like "logout" as sometimes you run into a page that is not successful but does not contain the string "ERROR". (For instance, being blocked for too many login attempts often does not relay the string "ERROR".

-Add a time-out option to prevent overloading servers and raising red flags.


text:
Q: Simple jQuery carousel doesnt working well I created a simple jQuery carousel slider. You can see a demo here
The problem is when i click the right button works like a charm, unfortunately when i click the left button doesnt work as the opposite of right button. Can someone suggest any idea how could i fix it.
My js script:
function moveLeft() {

$("#carousel").animate({marginLeft:'+400px'},1000,function(){
$(this).find(".slide-items:first").after($(this).find(".slide-items:last"));
$(this).css({marginLeft:''});
});

}

function moveRight() {

$("#carousel").animate({marginLeft:'-400px'},1000,function(){
$(this).find(".slide-items:last").after($(this).find(".slide-items:first"));
$(this).css({marginLeft:''});
});

}

$('#left').on('click', function(){
moveLeft();
});

$('#right').on('click', function(){
moveRight();
});

See the demo here

A: $(document).ready(function(){

function moveLeft() {
$("#carousel").find(".slide-items:first").before($("#carousel").find(".slide-items:last"));
$("#carousel").css({marginLeft:'-400px'});
$("#carousel").animate({marginLeft:''},1000,function(){
});

}

function moveRight() {

$("#carousel").animate({marginLeft:'-400px'},1000,function(){
$(this).find(".slide-items:last").after($(this).find(".slide-items:first"));
$(this).css({marginLeft:''});
});

}

$('#left').on('click', function(){
moveLeft();
});

$('#right').on('click', function(){
moveRight();
});

});

check form here


text:
AFT 101
X Games Harley-Davidson Flat Track Athlete Spotlight - Chad Cose
Note: AMA Pro Racing will be highlighting all 24 of the athletes racing in X Games Harley-Davidson Flat Track, which will take place Thursday, June 4 at Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, and be shown live on ESPN at 8:30 p.m. ET, 5:30 p.m. PT.
The "Cali Kid," Chad Cose is hooked up with a new team in 2015, and has high hopes for his season with Myers Motorsports. And what better way to celebrate a new ride than with a medal from the inaugural X Games Harley-Davidson Flat Track?
If the X Games was like horse racing, and you're looking at an athletes' past performances in hopes of finding a hidden gem outside the regular favorites, Cose just might be your guy. His main event appearances in 2014 included three Half-Miles, two short tracks and a TT. The 3/8-mile track built for the X Games at Circuit of the Americas is a bit of an unknown, but it could very well take characteristics from all the places where Cose has been at his best recently.
The track in Austin, Texas, has slight banking, with tight corners. It should be faster than a short track, but tighter than many of the Half-Miles AMA Pro Flat Track typically runs.
Cose also made both mains at DAYTONA Flat Track, a 1/4-mile Short Track, in March.
Name: Chad Cose
Home: Fremont, Calif.
Ride: No. 49 Myers Motorsports Kawasaki EX650
In their words: "(Being in the X Games) it's something, as kids, we all looked to do. We're the original extreme sport, so it's fitting that we're in the X Games. It's a dream come true for all of us as flat trackers. I think it'll be really good for all the riders, sponsors, fans and obviously really good for the sport."
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Monster Hunter is a game you need to understand, and a game with hundreds upon hundreds upon hundreds of hours of quests. As such, it's not a game that lays the victories on hard and fast.
There will be a few hardships along the way, especially your first big creature encounters that can easily take in excess of thirty minutes; there is a significant learning curve to the game. Obviously this guide smooths that down somewhat, but it still won't ensure doses of gratification every five minutes.
Ever hear the one about the Tortoise and the Hare? Yeah, Monster Hunter is a game for Tortoises. Running at a monster and expecting to combo your way to victory in ten seconds is not the Monster Hunter way. If that's your game, go play DmC or God Hand.
Monster Hunter is a measured, delicate spirit; a game best enjoyed in careful sips over hasty glugs. Take your time with armour selection, weapon improvement, and when tackling a creature. You'll find that far less failures arise from sure footed, contemplative play.
Monster Hunter is a game that confuses many people, and that is because people 'expect' certain things. Monsters don't have health bars because it gives hunts a less predictable ebb and flow and makes the monsters feel less like a typical game boss, so stop asking for one.
You don't have a 'true' camera lock-on; this is because in later quests you need the camera to be free to keep track of multiple big beasts at once. Weapons aren't awkward, they're precise. With a spot of practice you'll be landing hits 90% of the time.
Item descriptions are occasionally a little less than helpful, so experiment with them and talk to people about them. Share your knowledge; Monster Hunter is a game about playing alongside friends, sharing accrued know-how and tricks.
Understanding why Monster Hunter doesn't do things the 'normal' way is a large hurdle for some, but it's an easier hurdle to overcome if you just accept that it exists and stop asking 'why'.
A fight with any large creature in Monster Hunter can last for a long while, and it's important that you keep your head in the game at all times. All it can take is two seconds of mind time pondering what's for dinner and BAM, that Lagombi has slid right into your face and carved a meter off your health bar.
Three failures can instantly unravel forty minutes of game, and all it takes for an unexpected faint is an unwise decision born from over confidence or a wandering brain. Always keep thinking, and always expect a monster to be on the verge of another attack, you can think about dinner once it's down.
It doesn't take long to understand every move your weapon can pull off, and to this end it is the items that separate the clued up hunter from the novice. Traps and well timed bombs (sonic, flash etc.) can give you moments of big damage early in a fight.
Poison knives give your team's damage a boost, too. Then there's the defensive side; knowing that a monster is poisonous and stocking up on Antidotes can save your life in a tight spot. Don't forget items and Monster Hunter will be a far smoother experience.
NextMoga Village | What is Moga Village?


text:
Job Growth Rising to Record Levels in Montgomery County
By Ken Knickerbocker
Published: 8:01 am EDT May 4, 2016 Updated: 1:33 pm EST January 13, 2022
King of Prussia Mall construction (Image courtesy of IMC Construction)
The 2008-2009 recession left its mark on Montgomery County, but thanks to new jobs created in construction, health care, and professional services, the area is about to see its best employment growth in years, writes Harold Brubaker for the philly.com.
The predicted gains in employment should push job growth up to two percent this year, which is the highest it has been in over fifteen years. Much of the good news for Montgomery County comes from King of Prussia, which is reporting that first-quarter vacancy for Class A commercial office space has dropped below 10 percent for the first time since before the recession.
Two of the fastest growing companies in King of Prussia, DrugDev Inc. and Trevena Inc., are helping revive the pharmaceutical industry that has suffered from years of decline. Meanwhile, other positions are being created from the ever-growing need for social assistance and the recovering residential construction sector.
"The housing market has lagged the rest of the economy, and it's just starting to come to life," said Adam Ozimek, an economist with Moody's Analytics. "In Montgomery-Bucks, we're still below the prerecession construction employment."
By the end of 2015 there were 49,700 mining, logging, and construction jobs in Montgomery, Bucks, and Chester Counties, which is 15 percent lower than the 2006 peak of 58,200. However, the number of jobs in construction has been rising for two consecutive years.
One of the areas still showing weakness is manufacturing, according to Ken Krauss, President and CEO of U.S. Axle, the Pottstown based parts manufacturer for agricultural and construction equipment.
"We typically see downturns that might be a year, maybe two years in length," he said. "This one has been extended. As a matter of fact, this downturn we're projecting to be another two years."
Read more about the job creation boost at the philly.com here.
Over or Under? Chester Paper Plant Managers Give Official TP Ruling
Home Improvement Projects Lead Willow Grove Contractor to House & Home Magazine Award
Conshohocken's Amazon Distribution Center Sees Its Busiest Season Yet This Year
2 Montgomery County Towns Make Top 20 List of Highest-earning Cities in Pennsylvania
Tags: DrugDev, King of Prussia, Montgomery County, philly.com, Pottstown, Trevena, U.S. Axle


text:
Q: Windows Service SQL Server error - "Login failed for user" I have a Windows Service written in C# being run on a Windows Server 2012 R2 machine which connects to a remote SQL Server 2012 instance also on a Windows Server 2012 R2 Server.
The SQL Connection String is defined in the App Config as follows:
<connectionStrings>
    <add name="destinationConnectionString" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
    connectionString="Server=10.42.42.10;Database=mydb;User ID=myuser;Password=mypass" />
</connectionStrings>

When running the service, the output error log shows:

System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): Login failed for user
  'myuser'.
Error Number:18456, State:1, Class:14

So I check the SQL Server Logs to find out more information about the error and find this

Login failed for user myuser Reason: Password did not match for the
  login provided"
Source: Logon  Message: Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 8.

The problem is I know these credentials are correct. I've checked and double checked.
I am able to prove the credentials work by opening SQL Server Management Studio on the source machine, and connecting to the remote SQL Server using the exact same Server, User ID and Password with "SQL Server Authentication" authentication mode.
In fact I have 2 different users that I'm able to connect with using SSMS, but that fail using the Windows service. If I am able to connect to the remote machine using mixed mode auth directly in SSMS. Why not in my Windows service?
I'm at a loss here, could anyone suggest what the issue might be?
Edit: I can even successfully connect to the remote machine using the following command:
sqlcmd -S 10.42.42.10 -U myuser -P mypass -d mydb

A: The proper syntax for specifying the initial database is:
Server=10.42.42.10;Initial Catalog=mydb;User ID=myuser;Password=mypass
My best guess is that it is ignoring the "Database" in your string and possibly trying to connect to the default database setting for the login (possibly master maybe?) and doesn't have at least public role to it.  Although I've found out that "Database" is a valid alternative.
It's possible there is a character in your password that is tripping it up.  Semicolons and equal signs will be particularly problematic.  Try putting double quotes around your User ID and Password like:
Server=10.42.42.10;Initial Catalog=mydb;User ID="myuser";Password="mypass"
If there's a quotation mark in your password you will have to replace it with two of them for each occurrence.
Once you get your connection string built, then you have to ensure that it will parse properly in XML.  Which means escaping control characters and the other special characters such as:
< with <
> with >
& with &
' with '
" with "

If you open up your app config file in a browser it should show you if it looks proper.
I recommend adding the contents of your entire connection string to our output log of your service.  That way you can see what it looks like.  At the point before you attempt to open the connection, get it with:
string connStr = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("myConnectionString");

Then output the connStr value to the log.  It will show you what values are being used at least.

A: You might use some special character in password, that is reserved for XML. If so, you'll need to use escape character as a replacement.
For instance, if your password is PASS<WORD the valid entry in config file would be: PASS<WORD

A: I have used this site to find the correct pattern
What you have is valid:
Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;
Password=myPassword;
Are you trying to connect to an instanced sql server? Server=10.42.42.10/SomeInstance

A: I suggest adding the semicolon, ;, after the password in the connection string.  Perhaps it's being parsed weirdly.
I also wonder whether: is a semicolon in your actual password?

A: Maybe you're attempting a Windows account but there's also a SQL account named the same way. If so, make sure you prefix the Windows account with the domain name. E.g. you might have Windows account of MYDOMAIN\sa with P@ssword, whilst SQL server account is sa and its password is P@ssw0rd.
To make sure what accounts exists, log in the SQL server as an admin and check what accounts are listed under "Security" node of both the server itself and the database of interest.

A: I had the same problem and here is my solution:
I found out that I was using named instance of an SQL server and changed Server of my connection string from Server=localhost to Server=localhost\SQLEXPRESS and everything worked just fine for me! :)


In a few words, stallions must have a suitable conformation for endurance : well balanced body, a perfect top line, quite long back, but strong. A good neck, a deep but narrow chest. Harm and forharm must be long, but canon and pastern bones must be short. legs must be as straight as possible !
Essafi At Tani IRE** (Rustem*** x Tanhour), 500 euros la saillie, monte en main.


text:
Cinedigm Agrees To Buy New Video Group
By David Lieberman
David Lieberman
Financial Editor
@DeadlineDavidL
More Stories By David
Viacom Secures Data Leak That Research Firm Deemed Potentially "Catastrophic"
T-Mobile And Sprint Shares Rise On Report Of "Active Talks" About A Merger
Herb Scannell Tapped To Be CEO Of Mitú, Latino-Focused Video Producer
April 19, 2012 7:45pm
After forging a partnership in January to buy distribution rights for independent films, Cinedigm says it will pay at least $14M to buy distribution firm New Video Group outright. The combination will "create a new full service end-to-end digital releasing studio" and enable Cinedigm "to acquire and distribute independent films and specialty content both theatrically and through digital, mobile and home media platforms," the companies said. New Video co-Presidents Steve Savage and Susan Margolin were named co-Presidents of Cinedigm's Entertainment Group, which will include their company plus Cinedigm's theatrical marketing and booking services. They'll report to Cinedigm CEO Chris McGuirk, who's engaged in an ambitious effort to boost the company's output of digitally distributed alternative entertainment for movie theaters. In conjunction with this announcement, Cinedigm says that it will underwrite a public offering of 6M of its Class A shares. Cinedigm's stock spiked in early February but is down nearly 24% over the last 12 months. Here's the release about the New Video deal: (more…)
This article was printed from	https://deadline.com/2012/04/cinedigm-agrees-to-buy-new-video-group-259240/


One can no more make a proper stir fry with cheap soy sauce (I'm talking to you Kikkoman- and you know what you can go do with yourself) than they can successfully carry off penetration with cheap lube. It is essential to splurge on both. For soy sauce, I recommend Bluegrass Soy Sauce from Bourbon Barrel Foods. The sauce is aged in re-purposed bourbon barrels. I would eat anything – animal, mineral, vegetable – that had been aged in a vestibule that once sheltered bourbon.
As for lube, I like boy butter. It's creamy and reminds one of summer picnics and gingham blankets. When I am penetrated, it has to be with boy butter. Churn on, my friend, churn on.


Cottonwood Cove Marina boat rentals and jet ski services. This resort is a very nice family oriented resort at Lake Mohave National Recreation Area. Cottonwood Cove is far removed from big casinos and hotels; this resort is perfect for those who like a more quite and relaxing boating vacation on Lake Mohave. Cottonwood Cove Marina will have all the necessities one will need on their boating vacation which include store, houseboat rentals, motel, water skiing lessons, wakeboarding, kneeboarding, wakesurfing instruction, beach area, jet ski rentals, waverunners, ski boats, wakeboard lessons, dock, boat launch ramp, lake tours, and more. Arizona Boat Rentals offers all their watercraft rentals and chartered services for those customer who want the best in high end rentals while vacationing at Cottonwood Cove Marina.


host should be a string naming a host, a 32-bit IP address, a string in dotted form, or an IPv6 address. This function returns the 32-bit IP address or an IPv6 address structure for the host. An error is signaled if the host can not be found. See the documentation for *dns-mode* for information on the manner in which name resolution occurs.
To enhance performance, lookup-hostname caches answers to queries and reuses those answers for subsequent lookups of the same name. If the IP address associated with a given hostname has changed since the information was cached, lookup-hostname may return out-of-date information.
If the ignore-cache argument is specified true, then the lookup will be done by querying the operating system libraries rather than using a value that Lisp has cached. The result of the lookup is still cached, however.
The ipv6 keyword argument was added with IPv6 support. ipv6 defaults to the value of *ipv6*. If nil, only IPv4 addresses will be returned. If :ipv6, then only IPv6 addresses will be returned. If t, then IPv6 addresses (if any) are returned in preference of IPv4 addresses. If ipv6 and all are both t, IPv6 addresses will be before IPv4 addresses in the returned list.
The all keyword argument was added with IPv6 support. If all is true, this function will return a list of all records.
See socket.htm for general information on sockets in Allegro CL.


text:
Self-Development May 17, 2021 May 6, 2021
Introverts Express Themselves, Too, Just in Different Ways
by Rebecca Mardiross
Introverts may hide their inner feelings or excitement, but that doesn't mean they can't express themselves creatively.
Have you ever been in a situation where somebody was surprised that you, an introvert, were expressing yourself? It happens all the time where people think that if someone is introverted, they don't show their inner feelings or excitement. It can even be seen on shows like American Idol, for example. Someone that seems to be introverted (or has stage fright) is then told that their singing or positive reaction from the crowd was very unexpected, or that the judge was not expecting that to come out of their mouth. This is said as a compliment and so openly and often that people don't think much of it. But if you do think about it, why is it that the introverted person's expression through their performance is so unexpected to others?
I remember taking a poetry workshop class in college, and on the last day, we were asked to present our favorite poems from the semester. After I read my poems, my professor complimented them by saying how I'm always quiet and reserved, but my poetry has an edge when you least expect it. In other words, the professor and my classmates were surprised that I was able to express myself and my range of emotions in my poetry — because, throughout the semester, I was what they'd consider a "quiet person" and I would work on my poems independently. I wasn't surprised at this way of thinking because it had come up all the time in high school, as well.
It's common for this to happen and people don't mean harm by it, but it's important to point out that introverts can be just as expressive as extroverts.
Some Inspirational, Well-Known Creative Introverts
There are many well-known introverts that express themselves fully through their creativity.
One example is Post Malone and how he expresses himself best through his music. When he was nominated for "Record of the Year" at the 63rd Grammy Awards, they put a clip of him talking about this. In it, Post Malone explains that he's very introverted and how, to this day, when fans talk to and compliment him backstage, he gets shy and nervous. The energy from the crowd allows him to fully get into the moment and share that through his performance. Music was, and has always been, a way for him to express himself.
Another example of a famous introvert is Ed Sheeran. A Guardian article that talks about Ed Sheeran being an introvert mentions how his fans would go to his concerts "to enjoy his campfire singalongs" as he "charmed [them] with the bluff extroversion of a scout leader." Since he's a famous artist who always performs at concerts and interacts with the crowd, a lot of people wouldn't expect that he's an introvert. The article also mentions that he's "unburdened by private grief, with a [talent] for public self-expression." As an introvert, he's able to capture the attention of his audience by expressing himself through relatable songs.
J.D. Salinger, the author of The Catcher in the Rye, was very much an introvert. This can be seen in the movie about him, Rebel in the Rye, in which we see him avoiding the fame that came along with the publication of his book. The Catcher in the Rye was Salinger's only novel that he published, and, according to an article on Exposure.org.uk, Salinger confirmed in a 1974 interview that he continued to write after that novel, saying that there "is a marvelous place in not publishing. It's peaceful." They mention that the interview "seems to confirm the idea that Salinger grew disillusioned with the limelight and sought the comfort of an unassuming home life in the New England country."
As you can see from these examples, you don't need to have a certain personality type to be successful or to express yourself. There's no right or wrong way to do it. All it takes is wanting to express yourself.
How Do Introverts Express Themselves? By Tapping Into Their Natural Creative Side
A lot of times, introverts prefer to tap into their creative side and express themselves through different creative mediums. I have all throughout my life, whether it's been through painting, playing music, or writing. In his Introvert, Dear article, Michael Champlin talks about how having this "creative space" is common and helpful for introverts. For me, writing is the space where I feel most comfortable in expressing myself. For others, it could be singing or dancing.
Through writing, I can say anything I'm thinking or feeling with no limitations or pressure. It allows me to have time to put it all down on paper, and then I can choose to share it with whomever I want. Writing has had a positive impact on my life because it has given me a safe space to express my thoughts and feelings. I also like the freedom and choice of being able to either write for myself, send my writing to anyone I so choose, post it online, or get it published.
How to Start Your Creative, Expressive Journey as an Introvert
Like I said before, there isn't a "right" or "wrong" way to express yourself. It doesn't need to be the extroverted way or the way most people expect. Even though sharing your work does take stepping out of your comfort zone, there are ways to do it however you're comfortable with, as well. As a bonus, you can decide when or if you'd like to share things, and with whom.
There are many ways to express yourself as an introvert. It can be through many different mediums, such as comedy, painting, singing, acting, and so on. You may feel as though you aren't creative enough, or outgoing enough, for certain outlets. But the key in finding a creative outlet is not to dwell too much on finding the perfect one, but instead just trying new things and seeing what sparks your interest. Some ways to do this are by joining community classes, school clubs, or volunteering for a cause that you're passionate about. As an introvert, this may seem overwhelming, so consider trying these out online first, which may be less intimidating.
There isn't a certain type of person that is able to (or not able to) express themselves creatively. It's about finding what's right for you and what makes you feel at home and in your best or most expressive state. Knowing this can be inspiring and spark something in you to want to try different artistic mediums.
As introverts, we sometimes get discouraged or start thinking about how people would react to our creative expression. But the best way to go about it is to keep doing what you're passionate about and expressing yourself in the way that makes you feel best. Even though there might be comments about how "unexpected" it was, the important thing is to keep expressing yourself whenever you want to. The more we introverts put ourselves out there, the more that it'll be seen as the norm, and the more empowered we'll feel.
How to Maximize Your Natural Creativity as an Introvert
All the Things I Feel as an Introvert When I Share My Art With Others
Don't Underestimate the Quiet Ones (They're the Ones Who Actually Think)
We participate in the Amazon affiliate program.
Rebecca Mardiross
I graduated from CSUN as a creative writing major. I'm an introverted person, but often an extroverted writer! I love to express myself through creativity, whether it's writing, art, or music. I've written pieces for places such as San Gabriel Valley Now and The Love Story. To see more of my creative pieces, follow my Instagram page @tothebeatofmyart.


text:
Science, Tech, Math › Social Sciences
The 5 Elements of a Ponzi Scheme
Ponzi Scheme: Definition and Description
Charles Ponzi's mug shot. Bettmann/Getty Images
Professor of Business, Economics, and Public Policy
Ph.D., Business Administration, Richard Ivey School of Business
M.A., Economics, University of Rochester
B.A., Economics and Political Science, University of Western Ontario
Mike Moffatt, Ph.D., is an economist and professor. He teaches at the Richard Ivey School of Business and serves as a research fellow at the Lawrence National Centre for Policy and Management.
A Ponzi scheme is a scam investment designed to separate investors from their money. It is named after Charles Ponzi, who constructed one such scheme at the beginning of the 20th century, though the concept was well known prior to Ponzi.
The scheme is designed to convince the public to place their money into a fraudulent investment. Once the scam artist feels that enough money has been collected, he disappears — taking all the money with him.
5 Key Elements of a Ponzi Scheme
The Benefit: A promise that the investment will achieve an above normal rate of return. The rate of return is often specified. The promised rate of return has to be high enough to be worthwhile to the investor but not so high as to be unbelievable.
The Setup: A relatively plausible explanation of how the investment can achieve these above normal rates of return. One often-used explanation is that the investor is skilled or has some inside information. Another possible explanation is that the investor has access to an investment opportunity not otherwise available to the general public.
Initial Credibility: The person running the scheme needs to be believable enough to convince the initial investors to leave their money with him.
Initial Investors Paid Off: For at least a few periods the investors need to make at least the promised rate of return — if not better.
Communicated Successes: Other investors need to hear about the payoffs, such that their numbers grow exponentially. At the very least more money needs to be coming in than is being paid back to investors.
How Do Ponzi Schemes Work?
Ponzi Schemes are quite basic but can be extraordinarily powerful. The steps are as follows:
Convince a few investors to place money into the investment.
After the specified time return the investment money to the investors plus the specified interest rate or return.
Pointing to the historical success of the investment, convince more investors to place their money into the system. Typically the vast majority of the earlier investors will return. Why would they not? The system has been providing them with great benefits.
Repeat steps one through three a number of times. During step two at one of the cycles, break the pattern. Instead of returning the investment money and paying the promised return, escape with the money and start a new life.
How Big Can Ponzi Schemes Get?
Into the billions of dollars. In 2008 we saw the fall of arguably the largest Ponzi scheme in history — Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC. The scheme had all the ingredients of a classic Ponzi scheme, including a founder, Bernard L. Madoff, that had a great deal of credibility as he had been in the investment business since 1960. Madoff had also been the chairman of the board of directors of NASDAQ, an American stock exchange.
The estimated losses from the Ponzi scheme are between 34 and 50 billion U.S. dollars. The Madoff scheme collapsed; Madoff had told his sons that "clients had requested approximately $7 billion in redemptions, that he was struggling to obtain the liquidity necessary to meet those obligations."
Moffatt, Mike. "The 5 Elements of a Ponzi Scheme." ThoughtCo, Sep. 8, 2021, thoughtco.com/ponzi-scheme-definition-and-overview-1147436. Moffatt, Mike. (2021, September 8). The 5 Elements of a Ponzi Scheme. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ponzi-scheme-definition-and-overview-1147436 Moffatt, Mike. "The 5 Elements of a Ponzi Scheme." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/ponzi-scheme-definition-and-overview-1147436 (accessed January 17, 2022).
What is Embezzlement? Definition and Famous Cases
Invention Funding: How Inventors Raise Money
What Is Fiscal Policy? Definition and Examples
How Much U.S. Debt Does China Really Own?
Understanding Nominal Interest Rates
Expansionary vs. Contractionary Monetary Policy
What Is a Wire Fraud Crime?
What Is Compound Interest? Formula, Definition and Examples
A Beginner's Guide to Economic Indicators
Why Does the US Postal Service Lose Money?
The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve
Space Exploration Pays Off Here on Earth
US Constitution: Article I, Section 9
What Is Kleptocracy? Definition and Examples
Who Invented Twitter
Defining Managerial Entrenchment


Channel all the 80's vibes in this unique and exclusive one piece design. Two tone prints with a modest scoop neckline and a tie open back. Comfortable fabric straps adjust to fit short and long torsos. Flattering on all body shapes. Designed to support and minimize in all the right places. Supports A to DD cups.


Accidents can cause costly business interruptions.
Customers expect that your workplace is safe.
OSHA fines and increased insurance rates are costly.
Strong workplace safety practices help recruit and retain top talent.
Safety=Profitability. An effective safety program saves $4 to $6 for every $1 invested, according to OSHA.
Get clear on how to better protect your employees and make a huge difference in how your company fares with an OSHA inspector visit. TSMA, GLASH and OECS have teamed up to bring this low-cost workshop to Alexandria ... join us to for the inside track from OSHA and workplace safety experts.
Tim is the Vice President of Operations and a key Senior strategic management member of OECS. He manages field operations in Minnesota, South and North Dakota and has extensive experience in regulatory issues in construction and general industry.
Randy Niles is the Area Director of Operations. He manages the OECS office in Fargo, ND. He is responsible for providing safety services to clients throughout North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska and Colorado. He has over 12 years of experience in the field of safety in both Construction and General Industry. Randy is also a member of the Continuum Toastmasters in Fargo where he completed his Competent Communicator (CC) and Competent Leadership (CL) qualifications.