text:
Q: SQL Intelligent Joins ;WITH tblEmployee AS (
SELECT * FROM (VALUES
(1, 'Tom', 'Male', 4000, 1),
(2, 'Pam', 'Female', 3000, 3),
(3, 'John', 'Male', 3500, 1),
(4, 'Sam', 'Male', 4500, 2),
(5, 'Todd', 'Male', 2800, 2),
(6, 'Ben', 'Male', 7000, 1),
(7, 'Sara', 'Female', 4800, 3),
(8, 'Valarie', 'Female', 5500, 1),
(9, 'James', 'Male', 6500, NULL),
(10, 'Russell', 'Male', 8800, NULL)) AS E(ID, Name, Gender, Salary, DepartmentId)
),
tblDepartment AS (
SELECT * FROM (VALUES
(1, 'IT', 'London', 'Rick'),
(2, 'Payroll', 'Delhi', 'Ron'),
(3, 'HR', 'New York', 'Christie'),
(4, 'Other Department', 'Sydney', 'Cindrella')) AS D(Id, DepartmentName, Location, DepartmentHead)
)

Left table is employee table and right tables department table.
I am following a tutorial online and am confused by the explanation the instructor provided:
If I run this query on the two tables above:
Select E.Name, E.Gender, E.Salary, D.DepartmentName
from tblEmployee as E
Left Join tblDepartment as D
On tblEmployee.departmentID = tblDepartment.Id
Where tblEmployee.departmentID IS Null;

I am a little confused on what the last line in the SQL code above does. When you say:
Where tblEmployee.departmentID IS Null

Is the above line of code being executed on the new table that is formed after these lines of code are run:
Select E.Name, E.Gender, E.Salary, D.DepartmentName
from tblEmployee as E
Left Join tblDepartment as D
On tblEmployee.departmentID = tblDepartment.Id

So basically it checks on the new table formed: only where you have the department ID as NULL show me those rows. I just wanted to clarify that this line: Where tblEmployee.departmentID IS Null is being run after the new table is formed correct?

A: This is a Left Outer Join. This will take all records from tblEmployee that do not join to tblDepartment.

A: "SQL Intelligent Joins" is a rare phrasing. In fact, the only solid reference (as well as the dataset in this question) comes from a YouTube SQL tutorial:
Advanced or Intelligent Joins by Kudvenkat
In short, "intelligent joins" are cleaner in syntax, and far more explicit in declaring the boundaries of your dataset. Take the following two queries for example. They have equivalent output, but different syntax:
-- intelligent join
select
    e.Name,
    e.Gender,
    e.Salary

from tblEmployee as e
    left join tblDepartment as d on e.departmentID = d.Id
        and d.DepartmentName = 'IT'

where
    d.DepartmentName is null

This query above uses an "intelligent join".
-- where clause subquery
select
    e.Name,
    e.Gender,
    e.Salary

from tblEmployee as e

where
    e.departmentID not in (select id from tblDepartment where departmentName = 'IT')
    or e.departmentID is null

This query above uses a subquery in the where clause.
But even though the two outputs are equivalent, the first query is simpler and gives more information. It essentially says "Give me all employees' gender and salary if they are NOT in the IT department". In contrast, the where clause subquery syntax is longer and muddles how the tables join. If anything, try to achieve your desired output using intelligent joins first.

A: OP's assumption is correct, the following are a few aspects about SQL JOIN syntax that will be helpful for beginners to understand once they have grasped the concept of what a join is. Its often not enough to know that something is correct or works, we need to understand the reasons behind it.

This answer from @fqhv uses one of my personal favorite info-graphics about the different type of joins.

Firstly, be aware of the execution order of a query, this reference is a good general explanation, Note that each database engine can and might do things differently, but this is a generally solid expectation.

an important takeaway is this:

Join statements are actually part of the FROM clause in your query

Notice how the select statement is evaluated after the filtering has occurred, this means that up until that point we can consider the FROM clause to present a very wide table that includes ALL columns from ALL of the tables expressed in the FROM clause.
You can demonstrate this by using the field wildcard (*, asterix) in the select statement instead of specifying any specific fields.
- In this example I will comment out the SELECT and the WHERE clause to demonstrate a common technique for debugging or investigating SQL results.
- NOTE: as table aliases are used in the FROM clause, I have changed the query to use those aliases instead of the table name, this query will actually run now.
- We expect that all columns, and all rows will be returned in the following query
-- Select E.Name, E.Gender, E.Salary, D.DepartmentName
SELECT *
from tblEmployee as E
Left Join tblDepartment as D
On E.departmentID = D.Id
-- Where E.departmentID IS Null;

ID          Name    Gender Salary      DepartmentId Id          DepartmentName   Location DepartmentHead
----------- ------- ------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------------- -------- --------------
1           Tom     Male   4000        1            1           IT               London   Rick
2           Pam     Female 3000        3            3           HR               New York Christie
3           John    Male   3500        1            1           IT               London   Rick
4           Sam     Male   4500        2            2           Payroll          Delhi    Ron
5           Todd    Male   2800        2            2           Payroll          Delhi    Ron
6           Ben     Male   7000        1            1           IT               London   Rick
7           Sara    Female 4800        3            3           HR               New York Christie
8           Valarie Female 5500        1            1           IT               London   Rick
9           James   Male   6500        NULL         NULL        NULL             NULL     NULL
10          Russell Male   8800        NULL         NULL        NULL             NULL     NULL

(10 rows affected)

Hopefully, looking at the results from the query really should paint the picture in your mind of the fields that are available to select from and to filter on.
You will notice that using the LEFT JOIN has caused some rows to contain only NULL values for the fields from the tblDepartment table. This can be very powerful, a LEFT OUTER JOIN

*

*OUTER is the default modifier for a JOIN if OUTER or INNER is not specified. It is equally valid to referred to this as a LEFT JOIN
will return at least 1 the row for every result from the LEFT of the current JOIN statement, AKA all the fields previously JOINed onto the FROM clause, even if there are no matching rows in the table we have just JOINed.
With this information, when we want a listing of all students that are not in any department, we can simply use the LEFT JOIN behaviour of inserting nulls to easily identify the rows to remove.
When Where E.departmentID IS Null is added to the query, only the rows that do not have a department will be returned.
-- Select E.Name, E.Gender, E.Salary, D.DepartmentName
SELECT *
from tblEmployee as E
Left Join tblDepartment as D
On E.departmentID = D.Id
Where E.departmentID IS Null;

ID          Name    Gender Salary      DepartmentId Id          DepartmentName   Location DepartmentHead
----------- ------- ------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------------- -------- --------------
9           James   Male   6500        NULL         NULL        NULL             NULL     NULL
10          Russell Male   8800        NULL         NULL        NULL             NULL     NULL

Its worth stating the obvious, this is a really simple example, and similar results could have been achieved without using a JOIN at all but it is a good dataset to demonstrate all types of JOINs.

For instance, a RIGHT JOIN will return atleast ONE row for each result in the JOINed table, even if there are no matching rows from the previously JOINed fields.
SELECT *
from tblEmployee as E
RIGHT Join tblDepartment as D
On E.departmentID = D.Id

ID          Name    Gender Salary      DepartmentId Id          DepartmentName   Location DepartmentHead
----------- ------- ------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------------- -------- --------------
1           Tom     Male   4000        1            1           IT               London   Rick
3           John    Male   3500        1            1           IT               London   Rick
6           Ben     Male   7000        1            1           IT               London   Rick
8           Valarie Female 5500        1            1           IT               London   Rick
4           Sam     Male   4500        2            2           Payroll          Delhi    Ron
5           Todd    Male   2800        2            2           Payroll          Delhi    Ron
2           Pam     Female 3000        3            3           HR               New York Christie
7           Sara    Female 4800        3            3           HR               New York Christie
NULL        NULL    NULL   NULL        NULL         4           Other Department Sydney   Cindrella

Using this information we can now easily filter the results to show all departments that have ZERO employees:
SELECT *
from tblEmployee as E
RIGHT Join tblDepartment as D
On E.departmentID = D.Id
Where E.ID IS Null;

ID          Name    Gender Salary      DepartmentId Id          DepartmentName   Location DepartmentHead
----------- ------- ------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------------- -------- --------------
NULL        NULL    NULL   NULL        NULL         4           Other Department Sydney   Cindrella

SQL Intelligent Joins
This is a bit of click bait really, it's not a term you will find many books all agreeing on, but the idea behind it we all subscribe to:

a good SQL programmer or DBA should develop a skill in how to translate a query requirement and intelligently apply JOIN statements to simplify the requirement.

Many problems where your developer instinct is to iterate through a collection can be solved using an inteligent application of JOINs, not all, but many. So when you first think iterate take some time to explore different JOIN statements on your data query.
You can of course make queries implementing JOIN statements and complex WHERE clauses more intelligent and easier to read by moving filter criteria that operates specifically on the JOINed table into the JOIN expression itself, its out of the scope of OPs original question to go through this with this dataset but @alexusWong goes into this in his response

*

*don't fall into the trap of assuming your can only JOIN ON a single field comparison, you can use almost all standard WHERE statements as additional criteria for your JOIN statemet.


text:
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The New Class War: Saving Democracy from the Managerial Elite (Hardcover)
By Michael Lind
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In both Europe and North America, populist movements have shattered existing party systems and thrown governments into turmoil. The embattled establishment claims that these populist insurgencies seek to overthrow liberal democracy. The truth is no less alarming but is more complex: Western democracies are being torn apart by a new class war.
In this controversial and groundbreaking new analysis, Michael Lind, one of America's leading thinkers, debunks the idea that the insurgencies are primarily the result of bigotry, traces how the breakdown of mid-century class compromises between business and labor led to the conflict, and reveals the real battle lines.
On one side is the managerial overclass—the university-credentialed elite that clusters in high-income hubs and dominates government, the economy and the culture. On the other side is the working class of the low-density heartlands—mostly, but not exclusively, native and white.
The two classes clash over immigration, trade, the environment, and social values, and the managerial class has had the upper hand. As a result of the half-century decline of the institutions that once empowered the working class, power has shifted to the institutions the overclass controls: corporations, executive and judicial branches, universities, and the media.
The class war can resolve in one of three ways:
• The triumph of the overclass, resulting in a high-tech caste system.
• The empowerment of populist, resulting in no constructive reforms
• A class compromise that provides the working class with real power
Lind argues that Western democracies must incorporate working-class majorities of all races, ethnicities, and creeds into decision making in politics, the economy, and culture. Only this class compromise can avert a never-ending cycle of clashes between oligarchs and populists and save democracy.
Michael Lind is the author of more than a dozen books of nonfiction, fiction, and poetry, including The Next American Nation and Land of Promise. He has been an editor or staff writer for The New Yorker, Harper's, The New Republic, and The National Interest. He has taught at Harvard and Johns Hopkins and is currently a professor of practice at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.
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Recent posts here and there remind me how many of us collect whatever: vintage film posters, good-luck Japanese cats, bakelite, old tools.
I've had my collector moments. Around age 25, I indulged in a raccoon fetish, and received many items emblazoned with the little bandits, from silver stickpin to tote bag. In my 30s, I began to acquire Clarice Cliff ceramics. One night a raucous party decimated my collection and I could never afford to restore it.
There is the completist's challenge, a stereotypically male preoccupation, though I know a woman who hunts objects from The Sands, a defunct Las Vegas casino.
There's also the pleasure of abundance: a different vintage hankie for every day, a banquet's bounty of place settings assembled from '20s plates.
A second reason is the building of value. A friend of my parents' funded his retirement via his rare book collection. If you are an astute collector of stamps, coins, fine pens, art or other objets, you can make money, though some collectors become welded to their prize, and what was begun as an investment becomes part of an identity.
For those with less lofty ambition, collecting becomes an excuse for consuming. Many women in their fifties and above suddenly look at their three dozen Krazy Kat clocks or a sagging cupboard stuffed with majolica and think, This was fun, but no longer.
When you're in the collectionneuse mindset, you must have every shape of cookie cutter made (that's one of mine; I just remembered); therefore, any purchase is automatically valid. Just look on eBay and see how often something is touted using the words "rare" or "collectible".
Cookie cutters don't break the bank, but my friend Lois collected costume jewelery that typically cost $400-$1200 per item. One day she realized she had $25,000 worth of heavy pieces she never wore. Lois sold nearly everything to a dealer. Content with the proceeds, she says she's even happier to have four free dresser drawers.
Haydée Politoff in "La collectionneuse"
The title of this post comes from the arch 1967 Eric Rohmer film, La collectionneuse, in which a fey young woman collects lovers without any particular regard for value, but considerable attention to her pleasure.
The fourth film in Rohmer's series of "Six Moral Tales", it profiles the amoral collector and her prey, as she pursues her full set in the Riviera sunshine.
Another terrific film, Utz (1992), adapted from a Bruce Chatwin story, has been called "the greatest film about collecting ever made". If you haven't seen it, you must... and I will only say that the film illustrates how, when serious collecting tips into obsession, it engenders greed, deception and blindness to any other pursuit.
Do you collect anything? What does your collection do for you?
Have you stopped collecting something?
I collect books by Francis Parkinson Keyes. The best was a book I received used from the Internet and when I read it stamps started falling from the pages, the entire book had stamps randomly placed. I have not been able to find any information on the stamps as yet.
I have had a few collections in my day. When I was very young, I collected Green Doric Depression Glass. I sold it all when we moved to Dallas in 1986. I also had a collection (kept on open kitchen shelves) in the late 1970s of decorative tin boxes, some antique, some vintage, others new, but charming. I let go of that collection also. My only collection now is antique and vintage wireware. I like how it looks in our farm house, it is functional, and it is seldom that I find a piece that I really want.
Like most people in their 60s, I'm all about paring down now. I spent hours paring down my closet yesterday and will work on it for more hours today.
I do not ever plan to start another collection.
I am not a true collector, I think. IOW, I'll gather, over time, a few pieces of whatever it is at the moment, e.g. faience from Portugal, Piranese prints, lapis jewelry, and then I have enough. Well, that was then. Now I'm not really acquiring much of anything, except for what is needed for our new addition (tiny, actually, but much needed). And I'm currently reading "The Orchid Thief", which I seem to have missed in years past. Talk about collecting!
I seem to have collected many scarves since my teens. Rather than buying souvenirs when I travel I inevitably will come home with a scarf (or two). And though they were not expensive ones, each time I wear them (and I wear one virtually every day), I am reminded of the place I found them. Good for a smile.
fmcg: (May I call you that?): I did not know her background, have just read it- fascinating. Quite a few to cllect.
unefemme: Yes, I've seen your rooster kitchen! Like you, I have a scarf collection but nearly all received as gifts.
Susan: I wish you couyld share with us what went and what stayed in that closet pare-down. I'm still drawn to tin boxes, too- but no where to put them.
Swissy: Great examples of the 'phase-type' collector. "The Orchid Thief" is a good read.
Even a small addition can make such a difference.
Mary: Scarves are a satisfying collection because easy to accommodate, relatively low cost (or can be) and evocative. What I especially appreciate is that you wear them, they don't sit in your drawer.
I like matte white pottery and vintage ironstone. But with a small home I must be very smitten with a piece before buying one. Pearls on the other hand seem to fit nicely into my jewel box!
What a timely post! I'm 54 years old and have arrived at the "that was then, this is *now*" phase of my life. Now, being a time to divest myself of items previously collected from which I no longer derive pleasure nor have the "real estate" to devote to them. I love the space, the simplicity. It's almost cathartic to rid myself of what feels like excess baggage. Collections ranged from ceramics to dishes, etc.
Books, definitely. Being surrounded by books calms me, and reading is my hobby of choice.
Otherwise, the only two things I "collect" would be scarves (to complement the uniform of plain pants/black shirt/boots) and dishes and serving-ware: I have a weakness for pretty porcelain, as long as it is useful (in that I adore plates and platters, and loathe figurines). I do host regular dinner parties, and I use my grandmother's gold-plated wedding china and silver on a regular basis, so as long as they're being useful, I don't think too much of it!
Books. Antique china and linens. However, two things have put a serious dent in any collecting urge I used to have: downsizing when we moved from a large old VT house to a small Montreal condo, and looking at my father's house and thinking, what the hell am I going to do with all these collections? Many are antique and lovely, but...I like Une femme's suggestion of air miles.
hostess: I avoid the label 'collector' as it leads me into too easily justifying a purchase- in other wpords, buying someting just b/c it fits in a category or I don't already have it. •Even• with pearls, now have to see myself wearing a piece most days before I buy.
Anon@10:40: I had an epiphany once standing in a very quiet vintage jewelry store in NYC. Realized that at one time someone had wanted these things, and now they were for sale- there seemed to be neither heirs nor buyers.
Ros: Book lovers do tend to hang on to theirs. I have great affectione for books and love to live with them (in floor to ceiling bookshelves, not in piles). But at one point, enough!
Pretty porcelain (or pottery) still attracts me but I gave most of it away in the move.
Beth: Even collectors of air miles purge every now and then- the points expire! Maybe our collections do too, psychically.
Lynn: Oooh, folk art- easy to imagine barnsful. Heirs of collectors do face challenges.
Tiffany: Not sure shelves of books are a collection, the way collecting by author, theme or genre is. And three bags are (in case this relieves you) not a collection, just...three bags- but certainly not any three.
I think of my poor mother, who in her early 20s saved for a Hummel figurine she loved. Her tastes developed beyond it, but before she could make that clear to the rest of the world, she was receiving Hummel figurines for birthday, Mother's Day, and Christmas. . . Each of my siblings took one home and some of us took more than one, to pass on to our kids and their kids. . . As Sue says, going through an elderly parent's condo after death is a very good check on the accumulation instinct!
I'm trying not to collect. The two key things were having to sort out my Mum's house after she died and emigrating having to get a three bedroom house down to a suitcase.
I went through a phase of Royal Albert 'American Beauty' china after being given a bit of it, but it generally sat in a cabinet, being used a few times a year. I sold the least used pieces and have kept the core.
We tried to get rid of as many books as possible when we emigrated - managed to get rid of two and keep about eight. I have accumulated as few as possible in the 18 months over here. A Kobo e-reader helps.


why ban berma unban pls !
@Ay7o it's not your business, and try to show some respect.
@Jack-mcloghlin it's not my business , any mod can solve this problem , the only thing i was talking about Ay7o and his disrespect toward the others.
well he got unbanned & warned to not re-spam again.


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text:
PET scans to predict Alzheimer's
A PET scan (positron emission tomography) is imaging tests that can help reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning. To show this chemical activity, a small amount of radioactive material must enter your body.
The precise type of radioactive material, and its delivery method, depends on which organ or tissue is being studied by the PET scan. The radioactive material may be injected into a vein, inhaled or swallowed.
More radioactive material accumulates in areas that have higher levels of chemical activity. This often corresponds to areas of disease and shows up as brighter spots on the PET scan. A PET scan is useful in evaluating a variety of conditions — including neurological problems, heart disease and cancer.
Recent researches confirmed that a PET scan can show the brain's biological changes attributable to Alzheimer's disease before any other diagnostic test with significant degree of the results reliability. Alzheimer's disease can even be detected several years earlier than the onset of symptoms. Early detection and confirmation of Alzheimer's disease allows for:
Early drug therapy to slow the loss of the patient's ability to function.
Future planning before loss of mental capacity.
Positive and accurate diagnosis of other dementing processes, chronic depression and normal aging.
Help in the discovery and development of new therapies.
PET scan for Alzheimer's
PET imaging has been confirmed as being one of the most accurate predictors of Alzheimer's disease out of all of the different types of medical diagnostic imaging procedures available. A PET scan image of Alzheimers is able to show a physician the biological changes in the brain caused by Alzheimer's disease. A recent study taken at UCLA, the California based university, have shown that PET imaging improves a doctor's ability to forecast a patient's future cognitive functions by up to 30%. This find relates to Alzheimer's detection as PET imaging increases the ability of a physician to predict, in patients with early memory complaints, whether this condition will significantly worsen in the years following the initial exam.
PET scans for Alzheimer's disease involves the administration of a radioactive tracer that is a combination of a radioisotope (a radioactive compound whose movements are detectable by a PET scanner) with a natural body compound. In Alzheimer's diagnosis, the radioactive tracer used in the Positron Emission Tomography procedure is Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which combines the natural body compound glucose with the radioisotope Fluorine-18. This radioactive tracer, or radiopharmaceutical, is used in Alzheimer's diagnosis as the radioactive compound that it uses has a short half-life and will disappear from the body within hours. Therefore, PET scans for Alzheimer's are safe and the patient should not have any worry about the radiation content of this procedure.
Additionally, Alzheimer's PET scans use FDG as it contains the body compound glucose. The use of FDG, which shares a similar structure to glucose, is important, as the absorption of glucose is effective in determining the metabolic activity of the brain. In Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, the brain produces a metabolic pattern that is significantly different from the metabolic pattern of healthy brain cells. As PET imaging examines the metabolic activity of brain cells by tracing how FDG is absorbed, it is able to detect Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
Additionally, recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other forms of dementia. This is because Alzheimer's disease has a metabolic abnormality (bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism) that is significantly different from metabolic abnormalities found in other forms of dementia.
PET scan of Alzheimer's have increased in recent years as PET imaging provides a noninvasive, painless way for physicians to confirm the presence of Alzheimer's in patients. Traditionally, autopsy or biopsy was considered the only methods to absolutely confirm the presence of Alzheimer's disease. With PET technology, it is now possible to identify Alzheimer's in its early phase and subsequently use new drug therapies to delay its progression.
Recent medical studies have pointed to the possible effectiveness of using PET scanning of the hippocampus as a way to detect Alzheimer's disease while in its early stages. It is a well-known medical fact that the hippocampus, a region of the bran that is instrumental in learning and short-term memory, is affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. It is believed that through a PET scan of hippocampus that it will be possible to see the first signs of Alzheimer's disease long before it has spread to the cerebral cortex, which damages cognitive function and impairs the memory. Future studies on the viability of a PET scan of hippocampus have been undertaken to further the use of PET scanning for detecting Alzheimer's disease.
In the latest studies, a new type of PET scan has been used to detect Alzheimer's non-invasively. It also gives results that are as good as doing an autopsy. The brain of a person with Alzheimer's contains abnormal proteins that form deposits and tangles (or more specifically, amyloid senile plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles) in the cortical region. However, the most reliable method of finding these proteins while the patient is alive is by surgical removal of brain tissue, an invasive and potentially risky procedure. Some scanning methods exist but they are not as reliable. Scientists have now come up with what appears to be a reliable non-invasive method of detecting these Alzheimer "markers" using a PET scan and a new tracer chemical called FDDNP that binds effectively to abnormal protein plaques and tangles. A PET scan gives a three dimensional, computer enhanced and highly colorful "blurry-looking" image of the brain as it traces a positron emitting chemical (in this case FDDNP) after it is injected into the patient and travels through the tiny blood vessels in the brain. Any abnormal protein plaques and tangles show up because the FDDNP will stick to them.
While the usefulness of the PET scan results for early Alzheimer's detection is already proven, the potential for this method is still huge, so we will see more and more intense research in this direction and hopefully even more promising results.
http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/2042
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pet-scan/MY00238
http://www.bodyscanoflouisville.com/zportal/portals/pat/brain/Alzheimers_Disease
http://www.radiology-info.org/nuclear-medicine-positron-emission-tomography/pet-scan-alzheimers-disease.html
http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/news/20080811/pet-scans-spot-early-alzheimers
http://www.medpagetoday.com/Neurology/AlzheimersDisease/18738
Labels: alzheimers diagnosis, alzheimers tests, brain changes, brain scans, cognitive functions, positron emission tomography, radioactive tracer


text:
Doubabougou  is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Kati in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. The commune contains 6 villages and had a population of 5,041 at the time of the 2009 census.

References

External links
.

Communes of Koulikoro Region

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Conduct of Lien, Trust and Adjudication Proceedings, 2019 (formerly Conduct of a Lien Action)
By: Duncan W. Glaholt
Buy from the publisher:
A detailed and authoritative "how-to" guide to the entire construction process
After 15 annual editions of this book under the title "Conduct of a Lien Action", this 16th edition is retitled "Conduct of Lien, Trust and Adjudication Proceedings", to reflect the modernization and rationalization of our provincial construction industry credit legislation in 2018.
As readers are no doubt aware, after an extensive period of consultation with stakeholders, Bruce Reynolds and Sharon Vogel submitted their expert review entitled "Striking the Balance" to the Ministry of the Attorney General and the Ministry of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure on April 30, 2016. The recommended reforms were significant, touching all aspects of lien and trust practice and procedure.
The Review's mandate was threefold: modernization of the Act, promptness of payment, and the effectiveness of dispute resolution in the construction industry. These changes are discussed in detail throughout the book.
Duncan W. Glaholt, FCIArb, is the founder and partner of the nationally recognized construction law firm of Glaholt LLP. The firm is consistently rated one of the province's most highly recommended construction law practices. In addition to an extensive advocacy practice, Mr. Glaholt is a qualified and experienced arbitrator and mediator of construction and related disputes across Canada. He is certified as a Specialist in Construction Law in Ontario and is the author of Conduct of a Trust Action 2011, Conduct of a Lien Action, co-author of The Annotated Ontario Construction Lien Act, co-author of Construction, Builders' and Mechanics' Liens in Canada (7th Edition), all published by Carswell. He is also a contributing author to Bullen & Leake & Jacob's Canadian Precedents of Pleadings. Mr. Glaholt is Founding Fellow and Past President of the Canadian College of Construction Lawyers and is past editor of the College's annual Journal. Mr. Glaholt is a frequent writer and speaker on construction law topics generally. Mr. Glaholt is past chair of the William Osler Health System, and runs a small farm north of Toronto when he gets a chance.
ISBN/ISSN/Product Number: 978-0-7798-8485-8
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Mr. Maine's aviation clients include some of the largest corporate flight departments in the world. He has structured numerous aviation transactions, including domestic and foreign-based aircraft purchase and sale transactions, like-kind exchanges, timeshare agreements, interchange agreements, joint and fractional ownership agreements, personal and executive use policies, FAA registrations, Capetown International Registry, and aircraft leasing transactions. Mr. Maine also provides legal counsel on tax-related aviation issues including federal excise tax planning, state sales and use tax planning, and depreciation planning.
In addition to his transactional practice, Mr. Maine regularly represents clients in complex aviation lawsuits and frequently advises on aviation insurance coverage matters, warranty matters, ongoing service requirements, and regulatory requirements.
He is a founding member and Chair of the Tax Committee of the National Business Aircraft Association and serves on the Board of Directors of the Michigan Business Aircraft Association. Mr. Maine also serves on the State Bar of Michigan Aviation Section (a section of the bar in which he acted as a founding member and past chairperson).


text:
Q: Recursive JSON parsing in Haskell I have following piece of haskell code. Even though it is too long, you can copy-paste it and it will work right away:
module DebugVersionJSON where

import Data.Attoparsec.Char8
import qualified Data.Aeson as JSON
import qualified Data.Text as T
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Monad
import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap

data VersionCompound = NumberPlaceholder                      -- X
                     | Number Int                           -- 1, 2, 3, ..., 45, ...
                     deriving (Show)

instance Eq VersionCompound where
    NumberPlaceholder == NumberPlaceholder = True
    (Number v1) == (Number v2)            = (v1 == v2)
    _ == _                                 = False

type NumberOfDimensions = VersionCompound

versionCompoundToString :: VersionCompound -> String
versionCompoundToString (Number n) = (show n)
versionCompoundToString NumberPlaceholder = "x"

parseVersionCompound :: Parser VersionCompound
parseVersionCompound =
     ( string (BS.pack "x")    >> return NumberPlaceholder)
 <|> ( string (BS.pack "X")    >> return NumberPlaceholder)
 <|> ( decimal >>= \num -> return (Number num) )

data VersionNumber = VersionCompound VersionCompound
                    | VersionNumber VersionCompound VersionNumber
                    deriving (Show)

instance Eq VersionNumber where
    ( VersionCompound vc1 ) == ( VersionCompound vc2 ) = (vc1 == vc2)
    ( VersionNumber vc1 vn1 ) == ( VersionNumber vc2 vn2 ) = (vc1 == vc2 && vn1 == vn2)
    ( VersionNumber vc1 vn1 ) == ( VersionCompound vc2 ) = (vc1 == vc2 && vn1 == (VersionCompound NumberPlaceholder) )
    ( VersionCompound vc1 ) == ( VersionNumber vc2 vn2) = (vc1 == vc2 && vn2 == (VersionCompound NumberPlaceholder) )

versionNumberToString :: VersionNumber -> String
versionNumberToString (VersionNumber vc vn) = (versionCompoundToString vc) ++ "." ++ (versionNumberToString vn)
versionNumberToString (VersionCompound vc) = (versionCompoundToString vc)

parseVersionNumber :: Parser VersionNumber
parseVersionNumber = do
    ds <- sepBy1 parseVersionCompound (char '.')
    let vs = map VersionCompound ds
    return (foldr1 (\(VersionCompound vc) -> VersionNumber vc) vs )

data MaturityLevel = Dev
                   | Test
                   | User
                   | ReleaseCandidate
                   | Prod
                   deriving (Show, Enum, Ord, Eq)

parseMaturity :: Parser MaturityLevel
parseMaturity =
        ( string (BS.pack "Dev") >> return Dev)
    <|> ( string (BS.pack "Test") >> return Test)
    <|> ( string (BS.pack "User") >> return User)
    <|> ( string (BS.pack "ReleaseCandidate") >> return ReleaseCandidate)
    <|> ( string (BS.pack "Prod") >> return Prod)

data Version = MaturityVersion MaturityLevel VersionNumber  -- Dev/1.x.0, Test/1.x.3, User/1.x.4, User/2.5.1, ...
            | Version VersionNumber

instance Show Version where
    show version = versionToString version

instance Eq Version where
    (Version vn1) == (Version vn2) = (vn1 == vn2)
    (Version vn1) == (MaturityVersion ml vn2) = (ml == Dev) && vn1 == vn2
    (MaturityVersion ml vn1) == (Version vn2) = (ml == Dev) && vn1 == vn2
    (MaturityVersion ml1 vn1) == (MaturityVersion ml2 vn2)      = ( ml1 == ml2 ) && (vn1 == vn2)

versionToString :: Version -> String
versionToString (MaturityVersion maturityLevel versionNumber) = (show maturityLevel) ++ "/" ++ (versionNumberToString versionNumber)
versionToString (Version versionNumber) = (versionNumberToString versionNumber)

instance JSON.ToJSON Version where
    toJSON version =
        JSON.object [ T.pack "version" JSON..= (T.pack $ show version)]

instance JSON.FromJSON Version where
    parseJSON (JSON.Object v) = liftM stringToVersion ( v JSON..: T.pack "version" )
    parseJSON _ = mzero

parseVersion :: Parser Version
parseVersion = do {
        maturity <- parseMaturity
      ; char '/'
      ; version <- parseVersionNumber
      ; return $ MaturityVersion maturity version
    }
    <|> do {
        version <- parseVersionNumber
      ; return $ Version version
    }

class VersionOperations a where
    decrement :: a -> a
    decrementDimension :: NumberOfDimensions -> a -> a
    increment :: a -> a
    incrementDimension :: NumberOfDimensions -> a -> a

instance VersionOperations VersionCompound where
    decrement           NumberPlaceholder       = NumberPlaceholder
    decrement           (Number 0)              = Number 0
    decrement           (Number num)            = Number (num - 1)
    decrementDimension  _                   a   = decrement a
    increment           NumberPlaceholder       = NumberPlaceholder
    increment           (Number num)            = Number (num + 1)
    incrementDimension  _                   a   = increment a

createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions :: NumberOfDimensions -> VersionNumber
createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions ( NumberPlaceholder ) = VersionCompound NumberPlaceholder
createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions ( Number 0 ) = VersionCompound NumberPlaceholder
createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions ( Number 1 ) = VersionCompound NumberPlaceholder
createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions num = VersionNumber NumberPlaceholder ( createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions ( decrement num ) )

stringToVersion :: String -> Version
stringToVersion str = case (parseOnly parseVersion $ BS.pack str) of
    Right a -> a
    Left _ -> Version ( createVersionNumberByNumberOfDimensions (Number 0) )

vc1 :: VersionCompound
vc1 = NumberPlaceholder

vc2 :: VersionCompound
vc2 = (Number 1)

vc3 :: VersionCompound
vc3 = (Number 2)

v4 :: Version
v4 = MaturityVersion Dev ( VersionCompound ( Number 3 ) )

v5 :: Version
v5 = MaturityVersion ReleaseCandidate ( VersionCompound ( Number 50 ) )

type DocumentName = String
type DirectoryName = String
type DocumentContent = String

data Document = Document DocumentName DocumentContent deriving (Show, Eq)
data Directory = Directory DirectoryName [DocumentOrDirectory] deriving (Show, Eq)
newtype DocumentOrDirectory = DocumentOrDirectory (Either Document Directory) deriving (Show, Eq)

emptyDocument = ( Document "" "" )

-- instance Show DocumentOrDirectory where
    -- show (Document name content ) = "Document: " ++ name ++ ", Content: " ++ content ++ ""
    -- show (Directory dirName content ) = "Directory: " ++ dirName ++ ", Content: " ++ (show content) ++ ""

liftDocument :: Document -> DocumentOrDirectory
liftDocument = DocumentOrDirectory . Left

liftDirectory :: Directory -> DocumentOrDirectory
liftDirectory = DocumentOrDirectory . Right

-- ToJSON
instance JSON.ToJSON Document where
  toJSON (Document name content) = JSON.object [ T.pack "document" JSON..= JSON.object [
    T.pack "name"    JSON..= name,
    T.pack "content" JSON..= content ]]

instance JSON.ToJSON Directory where
  toJSON (Directory name content) = JSON.object [ T.pack "directory" JSON..= JSON.object [
    T.pack "name"    JSON..= name,
    T.pack "content" JSON..= content ]]

instance JSON.ToJSON DocumentOrDirectory where
  toJSON (DocumentOrDirectory (Left d))  = JSON.toJSON d
  toJSON (DocumentOrDirectory (Right d)) = JSON.toJSON d

-- FromJSON
instance JSON.FromJSON Document where
  parseJSON (JSON.Object v) = maybe mzero parser $ HashMap.lookup (T.pack "document") v
    where parser (JSON.Object v') = Document <$> v' JSON..: T.pack "name"
                                        <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "content"
          parser _           = mzero
  parseJSON _          = mzero

instance JSON.FromJSON Directory where
  parseJSON (JSON.Object v) = maybe mzero parser $ HashMap.lookup (T.pack "directory") v
    where parser (JSON.Object v') = Directory <$> v' JSON..: T.pack "name"
                                         <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "content"
          parser _           = mzero
  parseJSON _          = mzero

instance JSON.FromJSON DocumentOrDirectory where
  parseJSON json = (liftDocument <$> JSON.parseJSON json) <|> (liftDirectory <$> JSON.parseJSON json)

-- EXAMPLES --
doc1 :: Document
doc1 = Document "doc1" "content1"
doc2 :: Document
doc2 = Document "doc2" "content2"

type BranchName = String
type Timestamp = Integer

data Snapshot = Snapshot Timestamp Version DocumentOrDirectory
data Snapshot2 = Snapshot2 Timestamp DocumentOrDirectory deriving (Show, Eq)

instance Eq Snapshot where
    (Snapshot timestampA versionA _ ) == (Snapshot timestampB versionB _ )  = (timestampA == timestampB) && (versionA == versionB)
    _ == _                                                                  = False

instance Show Snapshot where
    show (Snapshot timestamp version contents ) = ("Snapshot taken at " ++ (show timestamp) ++ ", Version " ++ (versionToString version) ++ ", " ++ (show contents) ++ "")

instance JSON.ToJSON Snapshot where
    toJSON (Snapshot timestamp version document) = JSON.object [ T.pack "snapshot" JSON..= JSON.object [
      T.pack "version"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON version,
      T.pack "timestamp" JSON..= timestamp,
      T.pack "artifact"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON document ]]

instance JSON.ToJSON Snapshot2 where
    toJSON (Snapshot2 timestamp document) = JSON.object [ T.pack "snapshot" JSON..= JSON.object [
      T.pack "timestamp" JSON..= timestamp,
      T.pack "artifact"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON document ]]

instance JSON.FromJSON Snapshot where
  parseJSON (JSON.Object v) = maybe mzero parser $ HashMap.lookup (T.pack "snapshot") v
    where parser (JSON.Object v') = Snapshot <$> v' JSON..: T.pack "version"
                                             <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "timestamp"
                                             <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "artifact"
          parser _                = mzero
  parseJSON _          = mzero

instance JSON.FromJSON Snapshot2 where
  parseJSON (JSON.Object v) = maybe mzero parser $ HashMap.lookup (T.pack "snapshot") v
    where parser (JSON.Object v') = Snapshot2 <$> v' JSON..: T.pack "timestamp"
                                             <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "artifact"
          parser _                = mzero
  parseJSON _          = mzero

snapshot1 :: Snapshot
snapshot1 = Snapshot 12372 ( MaturityVersion Dev ( VersionCompound ( Number 10 ) ) ) ( liftDocument doc1 )

snapshot2 :: Snapshot2
snapshot2 = Snapshot2 12372  ( liftDocument doc1 )

On one hand, JSON.decode $ JSON.encode snapshot2 :: Maybe Snapshot2 executes fine with Just (Snapshot2 12372 (DocumentOrDirectory (Left (Document "doc1" "content1")))) as a result. On another hand, JSON.decode $ JSON.encode snapshot :: Maybe Snapshot results in Nothing.
The difference between two parsers is following:
instance JSON.ToJSON Snapshot where
    toJSON (Snapshot timestamp version document) = JSON.object [ T.pack "snapshot" JSON..= JSON.object [
      T.pack "version"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON version, -- <- includes version parsing
      T.pack "timestamp" JSON..= timestamp,
      T.pack "artifact"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON document ]]

instance JSON.ToJSON Snapshot2 where
    toJSON (Snapshot2 timestamp document) = JSON.object [ T.pack "snapshot" JSON..= JSON.object [
      T.pack "timestamp" JSON..= timestamp,
      T.pack "artifact"  JSON..= JSON.toJSON document ]]

Any ideas why JSON.decode $ JSON.encode snapshot :: Maybe Snapshot fails? I know something wrong with version parsing, but I have no idea what exactly. I will be glad if you could help me with figuring out how to fix version parsing so that I could parse JSON without errors.

A: The problem is that your have defined Snapshot as:
data Snapshot = Snapshot Timestamp Version DocumentOrDirectory

but your FromJSON instance is:
where parser (JSON.Object v') = Snapshot <$> v' JSON..: T.pack "version"
                                         <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "timestamp"
                                         <*> v' JSON..: T.pack "artifact"

i.e. - you have the order of the fields mixed up.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


NEW - Holding SHIFT or Alt with key binds (such as SHIFT+B to open all your bags) causes your character to stop moving when running.
NEW - Corpses sparkle indicating they have loot available but cannot be looted.
NEW - Gathering nodes may not always despawn after being harvested.
NEW - The "Disrupting Operations" quests in Shimmersand and Iron Pine Peak for both Guardians and Defiants should currently only update on kills in Stillmoor, they should update on kills in their respective zones.
NEW - Friends list will mark all friends as offline if they transfer with you, even if they are online.
NEW - Adjusting Window size in Windowed Mode or changing from Fullscreen to Windowed mode and vice-versa can cause the client to crash.
NEW - World Event: Item "Runic Shard" is not properly granting all players a quest.
NEW - Guild Perk "Cache Finder" does not grant extra plaques.
NEW - Epic Quest: "The Icewatch" quest text still states that a notoriety level of "Revered" is required to complete.
NEW - Quest "Reaping the Whirlwind": Quest item causes game to crash.
NEW - Marksman: Strafe is not properly cancelling when the player runs out of line of sight.
UPDATED - Some characters with inappropriate names are unable to be transferred.
UPDATED - Interrupted when mounting, gathering, or interacting with other objects that have a cast time.
UPDATED - Hidden Cache for the Tragic Treasures quest is not spawning properly in any zone.


Modi congratulated Mahathir on assuming the post of Prime Minister of Malaysia. The two leaders had a productive exchange of views on strengthening the strategic partnership.
Modi, who arrived in Kuala Lumpur today on the second leg of his three-nation tour, met 92-year-old Mahathir in his office at Perdana Putra Complex, Putrajaya.
KUALA LUMPUR: Prime Minister Narendra Modi today left for Singapore after a brief halt in Malaysia where he met his newly-elected Malaysian counterpart Mahathir Mohammad and discussed ways to boost bilateral ties.
Deputy Prime Minister Dr Wan Azizah was at the airport to see off Modi.
Modi is among the first world leaders to meet Mahathir, who became the world's oldest elected leader when his opposition alliance registered a stunning victory over the Barisan Nasional coalition, which had ruled Malaysia since 1957.
Mahathir was sworn in as Malaysia's prime minister on May 10.


What's Happening in June 2017 at Small Business BC?
Summer is finally here, which means one thing…summer school! Take advantage of our flexible learning options and access our webinars and Skype appointments, wherever you are this summer.
This month's focus is on growing your business. Start by understanding your financials and go on to learn how to explore new markets.
Bookkeeping and financial records can be daunting. But understanding your financial statements is the key to growing a strong and sustainable business.
Now you understand your statements, it's time to check that what you're paying is correct. Book a one-on-one appointment with a CPA from Loren Nancke & Company or KPMG to find out if you're paying the right taxes, deducting the right things, or if you could benefit from changing your business structure, to be more profitable.
Found a fantastic product on your travels and think it will be perfect for the Canadian market? It's time to find out the regulations, standards and licencing you need. This interactive session brings together representatives from Small Business BC, Health Canada, the Competition Bureau and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
Now you know what you need to know about international trade from a legal perspective, the next step is to find out how to deliver your product from the company to your distributor or direct to the stores. Book an appointment with a Customs Brokerage expert and find out more.
We all know that networking is a good thing for business. But often the thought of entering a room of people you don't know to pitch your idea and make small talk can seem a little overwhelming. This package will help you hone your communications skills, choose the right events and understand how to perfect your pitch.
This is your opportunity to perfect those networking and communications skills. Our FREE half-day event. will combine networking and learning, and include a complimentary breakfast and lunch. The 30-minute presentations focussed on Marketing and Communications will enhance your skills while the exhibition booths from Small Business BC and Vancity will provide the tools and resources you need to start or grow their business.
Now you have them interested. The next step is wow them with your capabilities through your marketing. Join our Marketing Expert to develop your on and offline marketing strategy for success.
Do you know if the work you create belongs to you? Or how to prevent others from copying your ideas? Attend this seminar and hear from an intellectual property lawyer on the various forms of intellectual property protection and how they can safeguard your business.
So you've learned what options are available and how to protect your assets. Now you need to apply for the licences and understand what to do if someone infringes on it. Make an appointment with our Intellectual Property Lawyer.
Sometimes employees just aren't the right fit. But letting them go can be the hardest thing you do. Attend this seminar and arm yourself with what you need to know to cause the least disruption and cost to your business.
Book a one-on-one consultation with our resident HR expert to learn the key to recruiting the right candidate, how to onboard them for success and keep them motivated after they've joined.
Getting Your Product to Market. Literally.
Tired of knocking on doors asking retailers to stock your product? Join retail and supply chain veteran Gerry Spitzner to learn the language you need to use, the pitch you need to make and how to deliver the product once you get the contract.
Interested in working with the Government of Canada? To bid for their projects you must submit a response to an RFP set out by the relevant department. Once you know that you want to bid for a project, you now need to learn about the process and the key terminology.
Found the RFP you want to bid for? Not so fast. There's still a chance that you will not be able to bid for the contract until you register for the Contract Security Program. Find out how to obtain security screening and comply with contract security requirements, before you start the bidding process.
Don't worry if you're still at the idea stage. This month's feature package is our Focus Business Planning.
From evaluating your idea and testing its viability, to learning about marketing, sales and operations. This program will help you turn a good business idea in to a successful business venture.


text:
Greg Banaszak, Saxophone
Greg Banaszak, one of today's leading saxophonists, has performed with orchestras and at concert halls throughout the world. He has appeared as concerto soloist and recitalist throughout the United States, Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, including the countries of France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Sweden, Belgium, Egypt, South Korea, The Dominican Republic and Japan. Mr. Banaszak is one of the most sought after orchestral saxophone soloists of his generation....
Read More... |
Duo Concertos for Alto Saxophone...
Piotr Borkowski
PAWEL LUKASZEWSKI - Musica Sacra I
Ch. Parker - Revisited with Greg...
MAX DUBOIS - CONCERTO FOR ALTO S...
Hovhaness: Concerto for Soprano Saxophone and String Orchestra, Op. 344 N/A
Composer: Alan Hovhaness
Artist: Greg Banaszak (Saxophone)
Conductor: Piotr Borkowski
Ensemble: Beethoven Academy Orchestra
Venue: Krakow Academy of Music: Concert Hall (Krakow)
Recording Date: Sat 1 Jul 2006
I - Andante - Fuga (10:05) N/A
II - Adagio Espressivo - Allegro (5:52) N/A
III - Let the Living and the Celestial Sing (8:35) N/A
Bozza: Aria for Saxophone and String Orchestra
Composer: Eugène Bozza
Aria for saxophone and string orchestra (4:48) N/A
Raman: Aria for Saxophone and String Orchestra
Composer: Subaram Raman
Bruzdowicz: Largo
Composer: Joanna Bruzdowicz
Largo (3:58) N/A
Peterson: Concerto for Flute, Alto Saxophone and String Orchestra N/A
Composer: Russell Peterson
Artists: Katherine DeJongh (Flute); Greg Banaszak (Saxophone)
Ensemble: Podlasie Philharmonic Orchestra, Bialystok
Recording Date: Thu 1 Jul 2010
I - Andante - Moderato (5:17) N/A
II - Adagio - Andante - Adagio (4:25) N/A
III - Allegro (5:49) N/A
GREG BANASZAK'S REVIEWS
http://www.gregbanaszak.com/inc/...
B-W: Greg Banaszak
http://www.bw.edu/academics/cons...
Greg Banaszak - Wikipedia, the free e...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gre...
Greg Banaszak, Saxophone Virtuoso - O...
http://WWW.GREGBANASZAK.COM


NOTE: Google Maps no longer allows embedding within another web page, so it can't be shown on this page. Instead, it is recommended that the user open another browser window or tab, go to http://maps.google.com, type United States in the text box at the top, and click the blue button to the right of the text box. Then they can use that Google Maps web page along with the program below. However, it may be easier just to download the stand-alone version of the program to the desktop and use it on the computer while also having the web browser open to Google Maps.
Improvements I Still Want to Make: I would like to add more questions to the actual treasure hunt / virtual field trip game and add additional translations.


text:
substances (Finkelstein, 1994). With regards to this policy, perhaps instead of looking at cause of substance abuse in general, it is more beneficial to look at the reasons why the substance abuse continues to happen during a woman's pregnancy.
There are many barriers one may face in deciding to fight addictions. However, women, particularly pregnant women, seem to face many more than their male counterparts. One such way in which pregnant women have a barrier to treatment is the limited number of facilities that serve pregnant women. Further barriers include: childcare responsibilities, stigmatization, and the inability to pay for treatment, inadequate financial resources, and threats of legal interventions. Regardless of cause and …show more content…
So much so, substance use has become, in a sense, a normalcy. Just because society has been desensitized to seeing the abuse, doesn't mean the major consequences can be ignored. There are certain spikes of use in history in which have played a crucial role in policy aimed to fight the abuse of such substances in pregnant women. Historically, substance abuse has been said to be a man's disease. However, as the end of the 19th century was nearing, almost two thirds of the nation's opium and morphine addicts were women (Lester, B. Andreozzi, L., & Appiah, L.; 2004). Society's views have, historically, been harsher towards substance abuse in women than of men. This harshness is believed to come from the view if a woman is abusing substances then she is neglecting her responsibilities as a mother. This view is amplified if the woman is abusing substances during …show more content…
Even though it punishes the mother if she is found guilty, it does not necessarily help prevent the problem from occurring. The policy for testing the mother includes: (1) prenatal screening cannot be used as prosecutorial evidence, (2) pregnant women must be informed of the test, (3) if positive, possible charges of abuse/ neglected child could come forth under KRS 600.020(1), (4) any physician may administer a toxicology test to a pregnant woman under the physician's care within 8 hours after delivery to determine if there has been a substance ingested, (5) if the woman has obstetrical complications that are medical indications of possible use of a substance for nonmedical purpose then they have reason to drug test the woman, (6) a physician can administer a toxicology test on a newborn infant if the attending person has reason to believe, based on a medical assessment, of the mother or the child, that the mother used such substances for a nonmedical use during pregnancy (KRS600.020(1),
Drug During Pregnancy Essay
New Law Targets Pregnant Women A healthy mother doesn't necessary give birth to a healthy child, however, it is still better than a sick mother gives birth to a child with sickness. According to the U.S News, "More than 14 percent of American women take powerful narcotic pain medications during pregnancy (7)." Nevertheless, mothers might do not recognize the effects of what their baby is going through in the womb or afterbirth. Tennessee's new law states the abuse of drugs during pregnancy is a criminal act. A woman in Tennessee was the first person to get charged for the use of drugs while she was pregnant, and this causes controversial between people. People who disagree with the law, probably has only thought from the mother's point…
What Are The Effects Of Drugs In The Society
The reason why women in general are more at risk is because they are more hesitant to pain than man. The prescription opioids abusers have shown to have co-occurring affect like mood and anxiety disorder which can result to depression. Thus this has been a major concern to clinical and public health as it is causing more increase of admission to inpatient treatments facilities. After the study it was concluded that mental illness, pain and any other nonmedical that were used by women the majority of women they were given those prescription by a physician. Thus it was concluded that every prescriber should be offered a training on how to manage the pain that their patients have and this was thought to reduce the overuse of pain medication and reduce the addiction on them.…
Criminalization Of Prostitution
These cultural beliefs contribute to the unequal enforcement of prostitution laws among sex workers and clients, thus reducing female sex workers' economic opportunities and exit options. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, approximately two-thirds of prostitution arrests in the United States are of female sex workers. The National Institute of Justice estimates that only 10% of all prostitution arrests are of male clients. Even though the purchase and sale of commercial sex are both technically illegal in the United States, the unbalanced enforcement of prostitution laws renders the purchase of sex essentially legal. Meanwhile, female sex workers are much more likely to accrue prostitution charges on their criminal records, which not only limits their options for employment outside of the sex industry, but also perpetrates their dependence on prostitution to make a living.…
Alcohol Abuse And Domestic Abuse
It accounts for about "1.2 million incidents – almost half of all violent crimes, with devastating health consequences for victims, their family, friends and wider community" (Alcohol and Violence). Alcohol consumption does not only turn someone into a perpetrator of abuse but also makes them more vulnerable and therefore giving that person a higher chance of becoming a victim by affecting their "cognitive and physical function, reducing self-control and leaving individuals less capable of negotiating a non-violent resolution to conflicts within relationships" (WHO). A great case study that shows the impact of alcohol on victims of substance abuse occurred in 2004, Irene was a fifty year old woman that has been abused by her partner Paul throughout their 12 years of relationship. Irene suffered both physical and emotional abuse from him and was hospitalized due to his violent, she was unable to do anything for herself because her abusive partner found a way to take control of everything she did by "isolating her from her family and friends; taking control of her money through getting himself recognised as her carer" (Harne L et al 2008: 45) as a result Irene believed that she was unable to look after herself. Unfortunately for the victim in this case, when she called the police they sometimes said that she smelled of drinks and had slurred speech and that was considered to be as bad as…
Drug Abuse And Substance Abuse
For example many leading medical organizations address this issue with mothers using alcohol and drugs during pregnancy as a health issue. They do not suggest the issue be dealt with through the criminal justice system, but through education and community- based family treatment. Additionally research shows that child welfare and public health groups have stated that they strongly feel that pregnant women who are use drugs and alcohol do not do so because they want to harm their the unborn children. (AlterNet, 2006) . To summarize supporters who disagree with pregnant drug users being drug dealers firmly believe that instead of pregnant women getting jail time for drug and alcohol use and getting charged with child abuse, they believe that these women should be put in treatment centers.…
Native Women, Mean-Spirited Drugs, And Punishing Policies By Luana Ross Analysis
In journal "Native Women, Mean-Spirited Drugs, and Punishing Policies" by Luana Ross, she states psychological distress and violence are factors that lead to drug abuse among Native American women. Once Ronald Reagan declared the drug war the 1980s, there were a higher percentage of Native American and African American women than men incarcerated in prison for drug charges. In the article "Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Policy" by Dorothy Roberts, Roberts presents why pregnant black women are often the target of government persecutions. Poor women of color are more susceptible for punishment for drug abuse because of socially structured inequality. Both authors argue that poor women of color…
The Importance Of Teen Privacy
In some states, abortion is given without any consent by the court. In addition to the young teenager making a serious decision about abortion, the physician will discuss about parenting and adoption to make sure that she is making the right choice. The abortion pill is used for to end early pregnancy up to 9 weeks which usually costs up to $800 and it is very effective. The clinical abortion is a procedure being done on a womans reproductive area and it usually costs up to $1,500. "In some states, you can be excused from involving a parent without going to a judge if you are the victim of abuse or neglect and you or your doctor report this to the appropriate authorities.…
The Tragedy Of Abortion
Delivering a child is proven to be better for the mother's mental health than what having an abortion would be. The mother may be feeling such pain, remorse and guilt for ending the life of her innocent, voiceless, and helpless child. There are also many medical risks associated with abortions. Research has found that abortions can hinder future reproductive success by increasing the chance of premature delivery, infertility, and miscarriage (How Abortions Hurts Women). Many women do not realize the long lasting effects that having an abortion could have on their chances of future…
The Dangers Of Birth Control
For some women, they may not even be using the pill for the use of preventing pregnancy, "One survey found that more than half of women who take birth control pills do so for reasons other than avoiding pregnancy"(Marquez). Although it is called the birth control pill, it had many other uses in addition to preventing pregnancy. They also manage periods by keeping them regulated and even give some a lighter flow, or even stop altogether. Since birth control manages with hormones it can also help with acne. Just because the primary use for birth control is contraception, it has many other benefits.…
Survivorship In Hamilton
Another reason is that childbirth in the 1800's made women weaker and more susceptible to infectious diseases. Finally, women may have experienced malnourishment due to being a female, and being treated poorly. However, this trend left in cohort 2. Cohort 2 indicates an equal survivorship curve for the males and females up until the 50-59 interval, where the males drop severely. This can be attributed to the world wars.…


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NBC News launches digital opinion section called "THINK"
AP Photo/Mark Lennihan
NBC Digital is launching an opinion section called THINK, which will publish 2-3 premium pieces per day and 2-3 videos per week. It will be co-edited by Meredith Bennett-Smith and Megan Carpentier and they will report to Catherine Kim, executive editor of NBC News Digital.
CNN digital, CBS News digital and Fox News Digital all already have opinion sections. ABC News doesn't have a standalone section, but runs opinions and analysis from contributors on occasion.
"This won't be just another run-of-the-mill op-ed," says Nick Ascheim, SVP of digital at NBC News. "We will be convening contributors from across the political, cultural, and geographical spectrum to offer vital context on topics that impact our viewers and readers."
Below is a list of contributors that will write for THINK:
Jamie Dimon, chairman, president and CEO of JPMorgan ChaseAlicia Garza, activist and writerJane Goodall, primatologist and anthropologistArianna Huffington, former editor-in-chief and co-founder of The Huffington PostJohn Legend, artist and performerCongressman Ted Lieu, D-CASenator Mitch McConnell, R-KYChirlane McCray, First Lady of New York CityEvan McMullin, former CIA operations officer and former presidential candidateLin-Manuel Miranda, composer, playwright and actorCongresswoman Gwen Moore, D-WIJanet Napolitano, former Governor of Arizona and US Secretary of Homeland SecurityHenry Olsen, senior fellow with the Ethics and Public Policy CenterSenators Rand Paul (R-KY) & Ron Wyden (D-OR)Dan Rather, former news anchor for CBS Evening NewsJoy Reid, host of MSNBC's AM JoyAngela Saini, journalist and authorJoe Scarborough and Mika Brezynzki, co-hosts of MSNBC's Morning JoeJose Antonio Vargas, journalist, filmmaker and immigration rights activistNicole Wallace, anchor and political analyst for MSNBC & NBC NewsRandi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers


The Poco F1 is the first affordable smartphone to house a Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 chipset.
Last year, Xiaomi launched Poco F1 with Qualcomm's top-notch chipset, good cameras, and custom development support at an affordable price tag, making it one of the best smartphones of 2018. However, the device lacked Widevine L1 certification. Towards the end of the year 2018, the Chinese company promised to release Widevine L1 certification to the Poco F1 and Xiaomi has now fulfilled its promise.
The smartphone has finally received the Widevine L1 certification and it is probably the first handset in the world to get it via a software update. After downloading the update, Xiaomi's Poco F1 will support HD streaming on Netflix, Amazon Prime Videos and on other premium streaming services. The latest MIUI 10 9.25.2 beta update offers Widevine L1 certification, XDADeveloper reports. The company is expected to roll out the stable and final update of the same. Notably, HD streaming is only possible when your smartphone is connected to a Wi-Fi network.


Hi! Sign in to let us know how Jupiter Tack & Saddlery was?
liz h. Dec 12 .
The only tack shop near my parents house but a good one. I would like to see a bit more selection in show gear. Wonderful staff and reasonable prices.
If you've been to or used Jupiter Tack & Saddlery, leave a review.


Saturday, September 3rd lineup: Introducing Talking Backwards Belgian double IPA and Last Days of May double IPA into the rotation. Cheers! – Fat Orange Cat Brew Co.
Saturday, September 3rd lineup: Introducing Talking Backwards Belgian double IPA and Last Days of May double IPA into the rotation. Cheers!
A double IPA blended with three styles of hops creating a nutty flavor clocking in at over 8 Percent ABV.
A Belgian-style double IPA featuring the unique flavor of a Belgian yeast strain coupled with IPA style hops and grains. 8 percent ABV.
A double IPA clocking in at over 8 percent ABV. This is the scaled down version of Ultimate 57, dry-hopped with the citrus flavor of the simcoe hop. It's hoppy but not bitter.
Cream Ale 5.8 percent ABV infused with a generous amount of jalapeno peppers. Our process creates a unique brew with the aroma and flavor of jalapeno without the heat. Add a wedge of lime for a refreshing variation.
Belgian Quad 10.6 Percent ABV with heaps of tasty fruity esters, compliments of the Belgian Trappist yeast. The complex malt backbone hides the high alcohol content.
← Many thanks to the terrific crowd that came out this past Saturday. Cheers!


Street Dreams By Ross - Style 7 Hood, trunk & gullwing hinges, extra strong!
Style 7 Hood, trunk & gullwing hinges, extra strong!
This is a new, extra strong hinge designed to give class to trick hoods, trunks and gull-wing doors, intended for heavier body panels. This part is machined from aluminum and given a satin finish. The price is for a hinge pair, also including steel mounting plates, flanges and bolt hardware.
Can be mixed and matched with SDHH5, depending on the weight of parts to be hinged, and the concentration of force. High polish on exposed areas: $30 extra, please contact us for a polish upgrade.


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SPAIN REQUIRE SOME ARRIVALS FROM FRANCE TO PRESENT NEGATIVE COVID TEST
Spain is to require people arriving by land from France to present a negative COVID-19 test, the Health Ministry said on Saturday, amid rising numbers of French arrivals and an uptick in Spain's coronavirus rate.
Anyone arriving by land from risk areas will have to present a negative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test that was taken within 72 hours prior to their arrival.
"The order will take effect three days after its publication in the Official State Gazette and until the government declares the end of the health crisis situation caused by COVID-19," the Health Ministry said in a statement.
The new requirement will not apply to truck drivers, cross-border workers, and people who live within 30 kilometres of the border.
Many French people, weary of their own lockdown, have been flocking over the border to enjoy open bars and restaurants in areas such as Madrid.
But Spain's coronavirus infection rate has continued to climb steadily over the past week, suggesting a long decline could be in danger of reversing.
The rate, which is measured over the preceding 14 days, rose on Friday to 138.6 per 100,000 people from 134 on Thursday, the Health Ministry said. It reported 7,586 new cases, bringing Spain's overall tally to 3.26 million. The death toll rose by 590 to 75,010.


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1671 (MDCLXXI) var ett normalår som började en torsdag i den gregorianska kalendern och ett normalår som började en söndag i den julianska kalendern.

Händelser
Januari – Saint Christopher och Nevis uppgår i kolonin Leewardöarna.

Okänt datum
En kombinerad svensk-dansk-fransk forskningexpedition företas till Ven, för att närmare undersöka Tycho Brahes verk.
Den svenska adeln får gårdsrätt (rätten att döma och bestraffa sina tjänare) trots prästernas och borgarnas motstånd.
Lantmätaren Jonas Gedda utforskar Ume lappmark och ritar den första kartan över lappskatteland.

Födda
14 juni – Tomaso Albinoni, italiensk kompositör.
 9 juli - Margareta von Ascheberg, svensk regementschef.
11 oktober – Fredrik IV, kung av Danmark och Norge 1699–1730.
26 december – Philipp Ludwig Wenzel von Sinzendorf, österrikisk överhovkansler.
 Hannah Callowhill Penn, amerikansk guvernör.

Avlidna
31 mars – Anne Hyde, engelsk prinsessa.
8 maj – Sébastien Bourdon, 55, fransk målare under barockepoken.
25 juni – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, 73, italiensk astronom.
13 september – Axel Urup, 69, dansk krigare.

Referenser

Fotnoter

Externa länkar


Canadian synthwave duo Meter Bridge are releasing their latest single 'It Was Nothing' through WEATNU Records. Comprised of two tracks, this is being offered as a free download via Bandcamp. In this thoughtfully arranged and sparkly composition, moogs whistle and rhythms click into the night, as these two voices blend into a sound that is part Human League, part Blade Runner, and 100% Meter Bridge.
Meter Bridge, who are Richard Kleef and Jill Beaulieu, have a distinctive and unmistakable sonic identity, unique from anybody else on the current electronica scene. This is led by their trademark multi-layered boy / girl melodic vocals, melded with minimalistic groove-infused alternative dance melodies teetering between retro and futuristic.
Based in Nelson, Canada, they have been playing together since 2011, gathering an enthusiastic following amongst music aficionados and lovers of classic and contemporary synthpop. In 2014, they released their eponymous debut EP, following by the 'Slow Motion' LP in 2015, both of them drawing significant attention on the electronica scene internationally and landing them in numerous 'Best of' lists in each of these years. The Record Stache (#8 synthpop album of 2015) says their music is "evocative of Man Machine period Kraftwerk, had the German four piece chosen to invent glitchcore on their way to perfecting technopop".
This B-side for this single features a remix by Rodney Cromwell, whose debut 'Age of Anxiety' LP (2015, Happy Robots Records) introduced electronic pop lovers to some epic retro future synth music. Influenced by the electronic sounds of the pre-digital age, his music has crossover appeal equally embracing synthpop and indiepop. This has gained Cromwell solid support from the likes of Malcolm Holmes (OMD) andRusty Egan (Visage, Rich Kids).
The album has had press and airplay in over 40 countries. UK airplay highlights include play from Steve Lamacq & and Gideon Coe (BBC6 Music), Pete Paphides (Soho Radio), Rusty Egan (Mi-Soul) and Shell Zenner (Amazing Radio). Globally highlights include multiple plays onNational Radio 3 in Spain and extensive play on U.S. College radio with press in NME, Electronic Sound Magazine, Impose, Louder Than War, The Electricity Club and others. Rodney Cromwell's music features in over a dozen 'Best of 2015' lists and was named "Album of the Year" by De Ketterzeg in Holland and 'Synthpop Album of the Year' by The Record Stache.
Hailing from Catford in South London, Rodney Cromwell is the project of Adam Cresswell, former main-man of John Peel favourites Saloon and the critically acclaimed Arthur & Martha.
Both Meter Bridge and Rodney Cromwell will be playing events occurring through the Electro London Festival. Rodney Cromwell will be playing the Electro London concert at Electrowerkz on January 30th withMassive Ego, The Department, Johnny Normal and DJ Rob Harvey (Synth City). Meter Bridge will be playing the Electro London Festival on September 10, 2016 with Wolfgang Flür (ex-Kraftwerk), Shiny Darkness and others.
PromoMAG is the online source for Business, News & Entertainment.


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Manchester's 'A' Division HQ: Albert Street – Built 1859
This website entitled 'The Development of the Police Station in Manchester 1838-1901', formed the basis of my BA (Hons) History dissertation project at Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012/3.
Guidance and mentoring has been freely given and was/ is still gratefully accepted from Duncan Broady, the curator of the Greater Manchester Police Museum and Archives, where I am a volunteer. His extensive knowledge of the GMP archives never fails to amaze me and has been invaluable, as the primary sources form an essential part of the data published here. These include the Chief Constables' annual reports and the archive's extensive photograph collection. www.gmpmuseum.co.uk
The Greater Manchester County Record Office (with Manchester Archives) based at Marshall Street, Manchester have supplied the majority of the images and primary data by way of the Watch Committee minutes and City Council minutes and accounts. I am indebted to them for permitting their use on this educational site and of their images of police stations and streets. I have also benefited from their great knowledge, help and assistance with the records they preserve. Below are links to their website www.manchester.gov.uk/libraries
and the Local Images Collection: www.images.manchester.gov.uk.
Similarly, the North West Film Archive have proved invaluable with their extensive collection. I am grateful for their technical assistance as well as making available edited clips within a new programme Vimeo (such as the prison escort van from the early 20th century below).
It should be appreciated that this is an ongoing project and one which will enable the viewing of relevant clips of officers and stations to reveal the detail and difficulties of city policing. On this note those with iPhones can download the 'Manchester Time Machine' app' and view film clips linked directly to the Manchester Streets they were recorded in.
http://www.nwfa.mmu.ac.uk/mcrtimemachinev4.html
Our Friends The Police [extract – From Court To Prison] from NWfilmarchive on Vimeo.
Extract from the 1914 film 'Our Friends The Police'.
The full film illustrates various aspects of policework in Manchester, including ambulance duties, traffic control, training of recruits, patrolling and mounted police work.
The full film illustrates important if selected aspects of police work in Manchester, including ambulance duties, traffic control, training of recruits, patrolling and mounted police work.
I am also indebted to Neil Spurr at Digital Archives for his advice on the educational use of their digital versions of the 1851 Adshead's and 1844/9 Ordinance Survey town plans of Manchester which were essential to identify the location and internal layout of a number of the first modern Manchester police stations.
Numerous police stations have been identified in this research project, as will be seen from the station index in Statistics
(Table 1 Manchester Police Buildings and Stations from 1772 – 1906). Early mapping evidence has been utilised to determine the size and location of many of the Victorian police buildings along with architectural drawings where available. The research project is ongoing and any additional data is welcome.
A further site for early mapping of Manchester has been created by Dr Martin Dodge of Manchester University Geography Department in which he has scaled and overlaid the numerous Manchester maps from Tinkers (1772) to the current day. His site is excellent for tracing how Manchester has been rebuilt and altered over the last two centuries. http://manchester.publicprofiler.org/beta/index.php.
This website was constructed btw June 2012 – March 2013 but remains subject to alterations as new evidence becomes available. Its content cannot therefore be guaranteed to be totally accurate but I welcome users to contact me at the listed email address with any points or issues you may have or additional information on the sites identified by using the contact page.
michael.c.mcculloch@stu.mmu.ac.uk
Lastly, thank you for taking the time to access the website. I hope you find it of interest as it expands into a larger and more authoritative source for studying the history of the police force in Manchester and other towns.
Mike McCulloch


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Ayrshire Growth Deal
Home/Ayrshire Growth Deal
Ayrshire Growth Dealadmin2021-05-07T08:57:42+00:00
The Ayrshire Growth Deal is good news for businesses investing in North Ayrshire. Over £251 million will be invested in Ayrshire over the next 15 years focusing on:
Advanced Technology and Digital Automation
Environmental Sustainability and the Circular Economy
Tourism and Creative Arts
The Ayrshire Growth Deal is the first to be funded by the Scottish and UK Governments to prioritise a non-city region, and puts inclusive growth at its centre to ensure continued economic development. Funding is also being contributed by North, South and East Ayrshire Councils.
Initiatives which are benefitting from the Ayrshire Growth Deal include:
i3 Irvine Enterprise Area
Hunterston: A nationally significant development site
Ardrossan Waterfront: a £100 million+ redevelopment plan
The Great Harbour: up to £9 million to develop and regenerate The Great Harbour, at Irvine Harbourside and Ardeer, plus £4 million from North Ayrshire Council, to develop a major coastal visitor destination
Inclusive growth creates opportunities for everyone and ensures the benefits are shared fairly across the community.
For North Ayrshire Council, this means working in new ways to deliver inclusive growth. The council was the first local authority in Scotland to pilot the Scottish Government's Inclusive Growth Diagnostic, for which it won the 2017 Scottish Public Service Award for Policy Development.
In North Ayrshire, target groups for inclusive growth are:
Those experiencing long-term health problems
Those experiencing in-work poverty


Blue-chip companies are qualified as high-quality and usually large cap companies. Typically, they have been in business for many years and are considered to be very stable with consistently growing revenues. Sound fundamental companies with a solid track record of generating revenues – hand-picked by StockAxis through its deep research, extensive experience and insights.
The objective is to identify companies which are potential leaders in their respective sectors with an aim to generate long term capital appreciation.
StockAxis' 'Blue-Chip' team of research analysts have years of experience in spotting fundamentally strong and stable businesses with consistent revenue growth using a combination of secondary and primary research. The StockAxis 'Blue-Chip' team looks for well-established businesses that are on a growth trajectory over a 12-month period. These businesses are spotted through extensive research and analysis which include past performance, track record of the promoters and management, growth stage of the industry the business belongs to, its competitors, etc. Adding these stocks to your portfolio will help you limit your downside risk while earning optimum returns from these blue-chip stocks.
The 'Blue-Chip' investment team uses a number of proprietary screening tools to shortlist stocks (among the large universe of companies) that meet the parameters of having fundamental strength while being available at the right 'buy' point.
The StockAxis 'Blue-Chip' research team undertakes rigorous fundamental analysis of the shortlisted potential blue-chip stocks. These potential valuation outliers must meet parameters such as earnings growth, profitability parameters, management experience and competence, return on equity benchmarks, competition analysis, etc. These companies if available at an attractive valuation with the potential to create wealth in the medium to long term, are shortlisted for further macro research i.e. industry, management strategies and reputation, track record etc.
Through our disciplined, research-intensive approach, we examine company and industry prospects over the intermediate and long term, working to understand and anticipate how industries and businesses will change over time.
The strongest stock ideas from our extensive research process become candidates for recommendation. These stocks are actively monitored till the position is open.
StockAxis applies bottom-up fundamental research to uncover blue-chip stocks that are on a growth trajectory, available at the right 'buy' point with the potential to rise exponentially over a 12-month period. We bring to our customers such companies at attractive valuations to maximise their investment returns.


A group of two or more schools can join together to form a single multi academy trust (MAT) which has overarching responsibility for their governance. The MAT is accountable for the performance of each school within the MAT group. Most MATs then have their own Local Governing Body which is responsible for making the day to day decisions at their academy, along with the Head teacher and the Senior Leadership Team (SLT). The trust is the employer of all the staff, rather than the individual academies.


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the site about Vulcan Iron Works Inc. and the pile hammers it made
vulcanhammer.info
Welcome and a Guide to What's Here
vulcanhammer.info Guide to Pile Driving Equipment
Welcome to vulcanhammer.info, the site about Vulcan Iron Works, which manufactured the durable air/steam line of pile driving equipment for more than a century. Many of its products are still in service today, providing reliable performance all over the world. There's a lot here, use the search box below if you're having trouble finding something. Also look at the end of an article, there are helpful links to more information with every post.
About Those Manhole Covers…
2 September 2017 23 January 2018 by Don Warrington, posted in The Products, Vulcan: the First Hundred Years
Vulcan received inquiries from all over the world about its products. One call Vulcan received until the end was about manhole covers. Although Vulcan's response was always the same (it didn't make manhole covers) the fact was that at one time Vulcan did make these humble but ubiquitous products.
On both ends of the twentieth century Vulcan's letterhead stated that it manufactured "Machinery for Public Improvements." Although the pile driving equipment certainly fell into that category, it wasn't the only product line meant for consumption by the public sector. That included many of its custom products, including the bridge gears it produced for many bascule bridges in Chicago and other areas. That also included the manhole covers, or more formally designated "Curbs and Covers: Manhole and Catch Basin."
These items appeared in Vulcan's general catalogues in the 1910's and 1920's. Eventually when these gave way to the product bulletins of the late 1920's and beyond, Vulcan produced one for the manhole covers, its Bulletin 20, issued in 1942 (cover shown here, bulletin can be downloaded here.)
The key to this business was having your own foundry, and Vulcan's went away in the late 1940's. Around that time the manhole covers went out of Vulcan's offerings. Unfortunately it took a long time for the word to get around, and Vulcan continued to get calls about these for the duration of the company's operation. Part of the problem was that there was (and is) more than one "Vulcan Iron Works." Vulcan was the god of the forge in Roman mythology; it was a common name for heavy manufacturing in the nineteenth century, an age of iron, steel and classical learning. At least one additional Vulcan Iron Works produced manhole covers, something that added meaning to the word "discovery" at litigation time.
Probably the vast majority of the manhole covers produced by the Vulcan Iron Works discussed by this web site are gone from their proper place. (One that didn't is at the top of the page.) Had Vulcan been swum with the tide more than it did, it probably would have outsourced the manhole covers abroad. But it didn't, leaving one part of its product line well in its wake.
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The Dymo Embossing Labeller: A Vulcan Office Technology
Vector Statics and "Old Coot" Statics: An Example


Co-wash using Wen Sweet Almond Mint Cleansing Conditioner. Rinse thoroughly and apply a small amount of Wen as my leave-in.
With hair soaking wet (I don't towel dry), I apply Macadamia Healing Oil Treatment from hair shaft to end.
With hair still wet, and oil applied, I apply Macadamia Nourishing Leave-In Cream.
My final product is the Macadamia Reviving Curl Cream.


This collection of skunk and cat coloring pages is really inspiring cat coloring pages for your child. You have authorization to download without charge by clicking the DOWNLOAD button under the snapshot. It will communicate with a new page. Do right click on the picture, then pick save picture as… After that you have permission to adjust the file name and the folder where you want to save the file. Then click the save button.
Check out these images linked to skunk and cat coloring pages, hopefully useful.