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Category Archives: Emergency planning
Bridge inspection, Bridge safety, Crude By Rail, Derailment, Emergency planning, Hazardous cargo transparency, Hazmat notification, Insurance and liability, Transportation funding
Train safety provisions included in U.S. transportation bill
Repost from the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
By Crocker Stephenson, Dec. 2, 2015
Bakken oil trains rumble through downtown Milwaukee at 133 W. Oregon St., Milwaukee. A federal bill includes provisions requiring railroads to share safety information regarding trains and bridges with local officials. Image credit: Journal Sentinel files
The mammoth five-year federal transportation bill that lawmakers hope to send to President Barack Obama early next week includes provisions, championed by Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.), that would require railroads to share critical safety information with local communities.
"This legislation provides the transparency we've been begging and asking Canadian Pacific railroad for," Milwaukee Common Council President Michael Murphy said during a news conference Wednesday outside a fire station at 100 W. Virginia St.
"It isn't too much to ask a company that is using our public right of way to let us know if their bridges are safe and secure," he said.
As if to illustrate Murphy's point, a Canadian Pacific train pulling oil tankers rumbled across the bridge over S. 1st St. a few blocks to the north.
Milwaukee is in a rail corridor that ferries crude oil from North Dakota to refineries in metropolitan Chicago and beyond.
Since spring, Murphy and other city officials have been sparring with Canadian Pacific over its refusal to share with city engineers the results of its inspection of a rusty-looking bridge crossing W. Oregon St. at S. 1st St.
Canadian Pacific officials have insisted the bridge is safe, but they announced in August that the railroad plans to encase 13 of the bridge's steel columns in concrete to protect them from further corrosion.
"Five to six months ago, the Milwaukee Common Council asked for information on bridges," Ald. Terry Witkowski said. "We were greeted with silence."
"With the stroke of a pen, the ball game has changed," he said.
Concern over trains hauling potentially explosive fuel tankers through the heart of Milwaukee's Fifth Ward increased last month when two petroleum-filled trains derailed in Wisconsin in a single week.
"Wisconsin first-responders should be applauded for their reaction to these derailments," Baldwin said. "But railroad companies need to do more."
According to Baldwin's office, the bipartisan transportation bill contains several provisions pushed by the senator:
Transparency: A provision would require railroads to provide local officials with a public version of the most recent bridge inspection report
Real-time reporting: Currently, information about hazardous materials being carried through communities is available to first-responders only after an incident has occurred. A provision would require that information to be shared before a train carrying hazardous materials arrives in their jurisdiction.
"The thing we need is information," Milwaukee Fire Chief Mark Rohlfing said. "So the more transparent our haulers become, the more prepared we can be."
"Having the city have this information gives the Department of Public Works, our city engineer, access to information so that we can make an evaluation, so we can work with railroads to make sure we have safe rail crossings," Mayor Tom Barrett said.
The roughly $300 billion transportation bill would also require the Department of Transportation to initiate a study on the appropriate level of insurance railroads hauling hazardous insurance should have, and it would ask the DOT to require that railroads improve their plans for responding to catastrophic oil discharges.
Bridge inspectionBridge safetyCanadian Pacific (CP)Crude by RailDepartment of Transportation (DOT)DerailmentEmergency planningHazardous cargo transparencyHazmat notificationInsurance and liabilityMilwaukee WISen. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.)Transportation funding
Crude By Rail, Derailment, Emergency planning, Emergency Readiness & Response, Explosion, Federal Regulation (U.S.), Fire, Hazardous cargo transparency, Hazmat notification, Worst case scenario
House bill could shield oil train spill response plans from disclosure
Repost from McClatchyDC
By Curtis Tate, October 16, 2015
Oil burns at the site of a March 5, 2015, train derailment near Galena, Ill. A bill in Congress would require railroads to have comprehensive oil spill response plans, but would also give the Secretary of Transportation the ability to exempt the details from disclosure. EPA
Six-year transportation bill includes section on oil trains
Obama administration supports public notifications of oil spills, etc.
Future transportation secretary could be empowered to protect data
WASHINGTON – A House of Representatives bill unveiled Friday could make it more difficult for the public to know how prepared railroads are for responding to oil spills from trains, their worst-case scenarios and how much oil is being transported by rail through communities.
The language appears in the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's six-year transportation legislation, which primarily addresses federal programs that support state road, bridge and transit projects. But the legislation also includes a section on oil trains.
The U.S. Department of Transportation is working on a rule to require railroads shipping oil to develop comprehensive spill response plans along the lines of those required for pipelines and waterborne vessels. It would also require them to assess their worst-case scenarios for oil spills, including quantity and location.
The House bill would give the secretary of transportation the power to decide what information would not be disclosed to the public.
The secretary would have discretion to withhold anything proprietary or security sensitive, as well as "specific response resources and tactical resource deployment plans" and "the specific amount and location of worst-case discharges, including the process by which a railroad carrier determines the worst-case discharge."
The House bill defines "worst-case discharge" as the largest foreseeable release of oil in an accident or incident, as determined by the rail carrier.
Four major oil train derailments have occurred in the U.S. since the beginning of the year, resulting in the release of more than 600,000 gallons, according to federal spill data.
Numerous states have released information on crude by rail shipments to McClatchy and other news organizations. DOT began requiring railroads to notify state officials of such shipments last year after a train derailed and caught fire in Lynchburg, Va.
The disclosures were opposed by railroads and their trade associations, which asked the department to drop the requirement. The department tried to accommodate the industry's concerns in its May final rule on oil train safety by making the reports exempt from disclosure. But facing backlash from lawmakers and emergency response groups, the department reversed itself.
Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, and Sarah Feinberg, the acting chief of the Federal Railroad Administration, said the department would continue the disclosure requirement and make it permanent. But a new administration could take a different approach.
"We strongly support transparency and public notification to the fullest extent possible," Feinberg said in July.
In May, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed a bill that would require railroads operating in the state to plan for their worst-case spills.
In April, BNSF Railway told state emergency responders that the company currently considers 150,000 gallons of crude oil, enough to fill five rail tank cars, its worst-case scenario when planning for spills into waterways. A typical 100-car oil train carries about 3 million gallons.
Washington state requires marine ships that transport oil to plan for a spill of the entire cargo.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency conducted a mock derailment in New Jersey in March in which 450,000 gallons of oil was released.
California passed a similar bill last year, but two railroads and a major trade association challenged it in court, claiming the federal laws regulating railroads preempted state laws. A judge sided with the state in June, but without addressing the preemption question.
The House Transportation Committee will consider the six-year bill when lawmakers return from recess next week. The current legislation expires on Oct. 29, and the timing makes a short-term extension likely.
After the committee and the full House vote on the bill, House and Senate leaders will have to work out their differences before the bill goes to the president's desk.
Samantha Wohlfeil of the Bellingham (Wash.) Herald contributed.
Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF)Crude by RailDerailmentEmergency planningEmergency Readiness & ResponseexplosionFederal Railroad Administration (FRA)Federal Regulation (U.S.)FireHazardous cargo transparencyHazmat notificationHouse Transportation and Infrastructure CommitteeSarah FeinbergTransportation Secretary Anthony FoxxU.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)Washington Governor Jay InsleeWashington StateWorst case scenario
Blast zone, Bomb Trains, California, Crude By Rail, Derailment, Emergency planning, Evacuation zone, Explosion, Federal Regulation (U.S.), Oil stabilization, Schools, Tank car design, Train braking systems
Half Million California Students Attend School In Oil Train Blast Evacuation Zones
September 8, 2015 Roger Straw
Repost from DeSmogBlog
[Editor: See the more detailed interactive map of schools by the Center for Biological Diversity. Note Benicia's Robert Semple Elementary School on the Center's map, located just 0.88 miles from a Union Pacific train route which currently carries hazardous materials and is proposed for Valero Refinery's Crude By Rail project. Here's a map of Robert Semple school and the tracks. – RS]
Half a Million California Students Attend School In Oil Train Blast Evacuation Zones
By Justin Mikulka, September 7, 2015 – 04:58
A new analysis by the Center for Biological Diversity finds that 500,000 students in California attend schools within a half-mile of rail tracks used by oil trains, and more than another 500,000 are within a mile of the tracks.
"Railroad disasters shouldn't be one of the 'three Rs' on the minds of California school kids and their parents," said Valerie Love with the Center. "Oil trains have jumped the tracks and exploded in communities across the country. These dangerous bomb trains don't belong anywhere near California's schools or our children."
Current safety regulations for first responders dealing with oil trains recommend evacuating everyone within a half-mile of any incident with an oil train. This wasn't much of a problem for the most recent oil train accident in July in Culbertson, Montana because there were only 30 people within the half-mile radius area. However, in populated areas like California, potential scenarios could involve large-scale evacuations and casualties.
In addition to the threat posed to California's students, the report Crude Injustice on the Rails released earlier this year by ForestEthics and Communities for a Better Environment, pointed out that in California the communities within the half-mile blast zones were also more likely to be low-income minority neighborhoods.
As more communities across the country become aware of the very real risks these oil trains pose, opposition is mounting to new oil-by-rail projects as well as challenges to existing facilities.
This past week in California, the Santa Clara County board of supervisors voted to keep oil trains out, citing an "unacceptable risk to our community."
In Minnesota, Sen. Al Franken (D-MN) held a hearing on the subject and heard from concerned residents like Catherine Dorr, as reported by the local CBS station.
"We're in the 100 foot blast zone," Dorr said. "My house and 60 townhouse residents are going to be toast if there's an explosion."
In Albany, New York which is the largest oil-by-rail hub on the East coast, this week a coalition of groups announced their intentions to sue the oil company transporting Bakken crude through Albany and challenge the validity of the air quality permit the company received in 2012.
And even in remote places like North Dakota, where much of the oil originates, the U.S. military is concerned about the proximity of the oil train tracks to nuclear missile facilities.
With all of this concern about the dangers of oil trains, a new report by the Associated Press (AP) paints a troubling picture about the preparedness of populated areas to respond to an oil-by-rail incident. The report was based on interviews with emergency management professionals in 12 large cities across the U.S.
It concludes, "The responses show emergency planning remains a work in progress even as crude has become one of the nation's most common hazardous materials transported by rail."
As noted on DeSmog, one of the reasons that the oil trains pose such a high risk is that the oil industry refuses to stabilize the oil to make it safe to transport. And the new regulations for oil-by-rail transport released this year allow for older unsafe tank cars to be used for another 8-10 years.
While the regulations require modernized braking systems on oil trains in future years, the rail industry is fighting this and a Senate committee recently voted to remove this from the regulations.
The reality is that unless there are drastic changes made, anyone living within a half mile of these tracks will be at risk for years to come.
And while oil production isn't increasing in the U.S. right now due to the low price of oil, industry efforts to lift the current ban on exporting crude oil could result in a huge increase in fracked oil production. In turn, that oil will be put on trains that will head to coastal facilities and be loaded on tankers and sent to Asia.
Despite all of the opposition and the years-long process to complete new regulations, as the Associated Press notes, it isn't like the emergency first responders are comfortable with the current situation.
"There could be a huge loss of life if we have a derailment, spill and fire next to a heavily populated area or event," said Wayne Senter, executive director of the Washington state association of fire chiefs. "That's what keeps us up at night."
And even the federal regulators expect there are going to be catastrophic accidents. As reported by the AP earlier this year, the Department of Transportation expects oil and ethanol trains "will derail an average of 10 times a year over the next two decades, causing more than $4 billion in damage and possibly killing hundreds of people if an accident happens in a densely populated part of the U.S."
With the known risks and the number of accidents, so far communities in the U.S have avoided disaster. But as Senator Franken pointed out, that has just been a matter of luck.
"We've been lucky here in Minnesota and North Dakota and Wisconsin that we've not seen that kind of fatalities, but we don't want this to be all about luck," Sen. Franken said.
As over 1,000,000 students in California start a new school year in schools where they can easily hear the train whistles from the oil trains passing through their communities, let's all hope we keep this lucky streak going.
Benicia CABlast zoneBomb TrainsCaliforniaCenter for Biological DiversityCommunities for a Better Environment (CBE)Crude by RailCrude Injustice on the RailsDerailmentEmergency planningEvacuation zoneexplosionFederal Regulation (U.S.)ForestEthicsOil stabilizationRobert Semple Elementary SchoolSanta Clara County CASchoolsTank car designtrain braking systemsU.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
Derailment, Emergency planning, Emergency Readiness & Response, Hazmat notification
Failure to Report: A pattern of secrecy by major oil train hauler puts public at risk
Repost from Sightline
Failure to Report
A pattern of secrecy by major oil train hauler puts public at risk.
By Eric de Place (@Eric_deP) and Deric Gruen on April 10, 2015 at 11:19 am
The first commuters were just beginning to trickle over the Magnolia Bridge near downtown Seattle as the short summer night was warming to gray. Probably none of them realized just how narrowly they escaped disaster that morning.
Below them, a BNSF locomotive pulling 97 tank cars—each laden with at least 27,000 gallons of crude oil from the Bakken formation of North Dakota—came to a halt under the Magnolia Bridge in Seattle. Three cars had derailed. It was July 24th of 2014.
The time was 1:50 AM.
What happened next—or more precisely, what didn't happen—has come to define what appears to be a pattern of secrecy and poor communication by BNSF, troubling habits that put lives in the Northwest at risk. For example, three years earlier when a BNSF hazardous substance train derailed on a Puget Sound beach near Tacoma, the railroad was unresponsive to emergency officials for nearly four hours. Even then, communication lines were so poor that the railroad's subsequent actions put the first responding firefighters directly into harm's way for no purpose.
Early Morning: BNSF Downplays the Risk
Within five minutes of the Magnolia Bridge derailment, the BNSF response team was on site, according to the company spokesman. (The derailment happened less than a hundred yards from the railway's Interbay Railyard.) The team determined, apparently without consulting public authorities, that there was no safety risk and that they did not need assistance.
By 3:11 AM, BNSF dispatch had notified the Washington State Department of Ecology, informing state officials there were no hazardous materials involved, even though crude oil is unambiguously considered a hazardous material. BNSF also said there was no risk to life and safety, and there was no potential for either. This despite the risk of oil spill from the notoriously leak-prone tank cars on the train, and despite the fact that Bakken crude has a noted tendency to explode catastrophically.
Seattle Awakens, Does Not Like What it Sees
By 5:44 AM, the Seattle Times had posted a story up about the incident, though some reports suggest neither local authorities nor the Department of Ecology were aware that an oil train had derailed. Sometime during the six o'clock hour, the City of Seattle's Director of Emergency Management became aware of the incident, apparently after hearing a news broadcast, rather than receiving an emergency management notification. By 6:54 AM the Seattle Fire Department learned of the incident via a 911 call placed from a nearby business, but emergency responders had still heard nothing directly from BNSF.
The Fire Department, clearly concerned, deployed 19 firefighters, including a hazardous materials team.
At 7:30 am, more than five hours after the incident, the Department of Ecology finally learned that the derailed cars reported hours earlier did, in fact, contain hazardous material—a particularly volatile form of crude oil—-one that could, in fact, pose a risk.
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The source of the notification? Not BNSF.
It was officials at the Tesoro oil refinery in Anacortes, the train's destination, who alerted the state. Like the fire department, Ecology deployed staff to oversee precautionary measures, including clean-up preparation and a containment boom near stormwater drains that lead to Puget Sound.
Hours after the original incident, a coal train passed by the askew oil cars, a moment illustrative of the perilous concentration of fossil fuels running through Seattle.
A Pattern of Failing to Report
The mishap and subsequent failure to report in Seattle was not an isolated incident. In March 2015, staff at the Utilities and Transportation Commission recommended that BNSF be cited for 700 violations spanning 14 incidents from November 2014 to February 2015. The failures related specifically to Washington's requirement to report spills within 30 minutes, which BNSF failed 14 out of 16 times during this period.
How late was BNSF in reporting? Here are few examples provided by the Department of Ecology:
November 5, 2014: A rail tank car of Bakken crude oil arrived at the BP oil refinery in Ferndale with staining down the body of the car to the wheels and with several trailing cars also stained. Measurements suggest the car lost 1,611 gallons of oil somewhere along the route. Ecology was not notified for month and a half, on January 21, 2015.
January 12, 2015: Bakken oil rail cars were observed in Vancouver, Washington with oil staining. Approximately seven cars had leaked an estimated 5 gallons each. Ecology was notified of the incident by BNSF two weeks later, on January 23. BNSF claimed the oil evaporated during transit and thus no oil reached the ground or water during transit.
January 13, 2015: Bakken crude rail cars in Auburn, Washington were seen with oil staining, after six cars leaked an estimated 1 gallon each. Ten days later on January 23, 2015, BNSF notified Ecology of the incident by BNSF, making the same claim that that oil evaporated during transit and there was no indication that oil had reached the ground or water during transit.
Because Ecology was unable to verify spilled oil on land or water in these incidents, they are unable to penalize the railway for spills.
Reason for Concern
Given the pattern of obfuscation and secrecy in BNSF's reporting habits, there is plenty of reason to question the wisdom of letting the railroad haul crude oil. If the Magnolia derailment had led to a spill or fire as it easily might have, the railway's delay would have cost valuable time and put many lives at risk.
In March 2015, the Washington Fire Chiefs demanded a plan from the railroad, along with much more information about oil train movements in the state. Given the propensity of these trains to spill and to occasionally erupt into infernos, allowing BNSF's bad habits to persist may mean that we won't find out about the next incident until it's too late.
Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF)DerailmentEmergency planningEmergency Readiness & ResponseHazmat notificationInterbay RailyardMagnolia BridgeSeattle WAWashington State Department of Ecology


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Bill Cosby helps again the Detroit Public Schools enrollment campaign
Bill Cosby will help again this year the Detroit Public Schools, after coming last year to Detroit to show his support for the district.
This year, the well-known comedian will be present as a grand marshal of the district's "I'm In" campaign parade.
Bill Cosby will be part of the rally and parade that will take place on August 26.
The parade will be coordonate by the Parade Company, a nonprofit organization and will start on Woodward and will end at the Hart Plaza, being promoted live by Rickey Smiley on WHTD-FM, who will also host a comedy concert at the end.
DPS's enrollment campaign will feature community events targeted in Latino and Arab American communities , the parade and also visiting 4,000 city homes, because many parents affected by school closures may be confused whether transportation is available and where to go.
"We have parents who are enrolling right there at the door," Buckman said.
"Last year, we created a movement to build a sense of hope for better days and a better education for all of our students every day and every classroom," Emergency Financial Manager Robert Bobb stated. "This year, we will show parents how we have transformed their hope ... into a reality. ... If parents re-enroll children we will welcome them to a new, transformed Detroit Public Schools." - he added.
This year DPS enrollment campaign will cost less than the $500,000 the district spent on last year's push, officials said.
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Home Reviews Book Review: Naoyuki Okano on Jean-Bernard Auby's "Globalisation, Law and the State"
Book Review: Naoyuki Okano on Jean-Bernard Auby's "Globalisation, Law and the State"
[Editor's Note: In this installment of I•CONnect's Book Review Series, Naoyuki Okano reviews Jean-Bernard Auby's "Globalisation, Law and the State" (Hart 2017).]
—Naoyuki Okano, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Law
With the deepening of globalization, especially after the 1980s, legal scholars have gradually become aware of the fundamental challenges that globalization poses on laws and legal studies. Still, as a review of globalization debates in different fields of social science by a legal scholar confirms,[1] laws and legal studies are generally lagging behind other fields of social sciences, such as economics or sociology, in analyzing mechanisms of globalization. Meanwhile, as Professor Gordon Anthony points out in his Foreword to the book, a clear understanding on the mechanism and nature of globalization is acutely needed especially for EU (and UK) public lawyers, with the aftermath of the Brexit vote still unfolding. It is against this background that Professor Jean-Bernard Auby's illuminating book, Globalisation, Law and the State, originally published in French in 2010, is translated and published for English readers. The book makes a significant contribution by showing the fundamental challenges globalization poses for legal scholars, especially from the viewpoint of public law.
The book's general purpose is to "discuss globalization's legal dimensions" (p. xvii). For that purpose, Auby takes a viewpoint that law's globalization is "an evolving phenomenon, the balances of which are nor readily identified and which […] tends to destabilize tenets, principles and hierarchies that form the basis of our law" (pp. xvii, xviii). This fundamental understanding of the challenge of legal globalization enables the author to comprehensively cover different aspects of law's globalization. After the general introduction to globalization, the author engages with concrete legal fields ranging from financial markets law, Internet law, public contract law, trade law, environmental law, then to human rights, to present a clear and concrete picture of law's globalization, and then presents his systemic analysis of law's globalization and its impact on public law theories. The fundamental argument of the author is that legal scholars should do their best to chase after the changes that globalization induces, using all of law's branches to understand what is happening, and this book is the author's commitment to the enormous "task to overhauling existing concepts" in law in response to globalization (p. xix). The most significant contribution of the book is its systematic analysis of law's globalization. From Chapter 3 to 7, the author sheds light on the phenomenon of law's globalization from different angles, and it is still one of the most comprehensive treatments of the wide-ranging issues from public law's angle.[2]
There are two points that call for attention and further examinations. First, the reader should be careful about the nature of the discussion of Chapter 4, "Power and Legitimacy in the Global Legal Sphere," in contrast with other chapters systematically exploring law's globalization (Chapters 3, 5 and 6). In this Chapter the author embarks on a discussion of values explicitly (pp. 97, 117-135). With the understanding that states' power of regulation is declining in an era of globalization, the author explores the emergence of new powers and changing "the legal configuration of power" (pp. 97ff.). While surrounding chapters concentrate on technically describing the evolution of global legal practices, this part of the book appears to be committed to explore how to control and regulate new powers. Now, we should reflect on the author's commitment to the value question in contrast with his basic approach; he mentions that while the effects of globalization could be either positive or negative, before such judgment we should explore certain facts (p. xviii). If the exploration of such facts is what this book is supposed to do, then his commitment to the issue of how to regulate new powers actually shows the fundamental difficulty to clearly demarcate the line between facts and values, especially when debating globalization.
Although one of the mandates of public law is to discuss how to legally regulate and control (state) power, the debate of values concerning how to regulate new powers should require further arguments on its basis and methodology, given that the basic assumption of state as a power-holder is itself questioned. For instance, how such a value discussion is different from paralleling debates in political philosophy? Is there any strength or difficulties in discussing them as a legal issue rather than a political/philosophical one? How can we compare and evaluate those approaches as democratization, constitutionalization and (global) rule of law, which proposed as an approach to control "new powers" by the author? The further examination of these issues would strengthen the book's argument by squarely situating it within neighboring disciplines tackling a similar issue on power and legitimacy in an era of globalization.
The second point is that this book is confined within European (and American) theories and perspectives almost exclusively. Although it apparently is not the author's project to consider such issues as decolonization, third-worlds' resistance to globalization and legal pluralism, those issues are becoming more and more pressing with deepening economic inequality and confrontations to Western legal ideas from the Global South.[3] In the globalization debate, we should be aware that there are strong alternative ideas on laws, democracy, states and governments as typically suggested by the Global South. Turning back to the first point, the reviewer pointed out that the value question concerning the regulation of "new powers" can be further elaborated. This issue of how to discuss values becomes far more complex if we take into account the existence of alternative ideas on law from outside the West. Ideally, one should carefully avoid such consequence as an admittedly Western description of legal globalization becomes oppressive to others without intention. As the author calls for an attention to fundamental challenge of globalization that destabilizes our system of law, another important source of such destabilization coming from outside the West could also have found a place somewhere in the book. Such others are not always "outside" the West, but they could also be "within" the West.[4]
Notwithstanding, these issues calling for further explorations and examinations, Professor Auby's book is a significant contribution to the theoretical understanding of the mechanism of globalization from a public law's viewpoint. This succinct review does not exhaust illuminating arguments that the book makes to provoke thoughts for readers. It is a must read for anyone interested in understanding how (public) laws are facing with fundamental difficulty with the deepening of globalization.
Suggested Citation: Naoyuki Okano, Review of Jean-Bernard Auby's "Globalisation, Law and the State", Int'l J. Const. L. Blog, Mar. 7, 2018, at http://www.iconnectblog.com/2018/01/book-review-naoyuki-okano-on-jean-bernard-aubys-globalisation-law-and-the-state
[1] Robert Howse, "The End of the Globalization Debate: A Review Essay," Harvard Law Review 121, no. 6 (2008): 1528–54.
[2] Although the book concludes with implications to public law, the range of the book well extends to each field of private law.
[3] Sociology of law is one prominent discipline actively discussing those issues. See e.g. Eve Darian-Smith, Laws and Societies in Global Contexts: Contemporary Approaches (CUP, 2013).
[4] Michaels, Ralf. "Does Brexit Spell the Death of Transnational Law?" German Law Journal 17 (2016): 51. ("It is worth remembering that Brexit is not an isolated event of anti-transnationalism. The most successful transnational movement today is, ironically, nationalism.")
Author: Naoyuki Okano Filed under: Reviews
Tags: global constitutionalism, Global Legal Order, globalization, Legitimacy, State power
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400 DF BY TREATMENT OF SOLID MINERAL, E.G., COAL LIQUEFACTION, ETC.
404 DF .~ Using molten additive, e.g., heat carrier, etc.
409 DF .~.~ Vertical gas upflow, e.g., fluidization, etc.
428 DF .~ Including contact with extraneous additive other than hydrogen, e.g., solvent, etc.


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16.06.2020	/ News / Press releases / Ark Globe Academy / Covid-19
Ark Globe Academy's cleaners bribed with PPE on condition they "get rid of their union"
IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Ark Globe Academy's cleaning contractor Ridge Crest has been caught on recording bribing cleaners with offers of PPE and potential wage increases on the condition they leave their union
Management resorted to the union busting tactic after a spontaneous two-day walkout by the cleaners on the 4th and 5th of June over months of unpaid wages
The cleaners have also complained of their "poverty wages", lack of sick pay, lack of cleaning materials and have pledged to strike
Ark Globe Academy has refused to cut ties with their union busting contractor and is set to face legal action on grounds of race discrimination.
A cleaning contractor at Ark Globe Academy has been caught on tape withholding PPE and only offering it only on the condition the cleaners leave their trade union United Voices of the World (UVW).
Prior to this the school was rocked by a spontaneous walkout of cleaners on the 4th and 5th of June in protest over months of unlawfully withheld wages by the contractor Ridge Crest. In some cases the amount owed was equivalent to around 5 weeks wages which put some cleaners at risk of eviction from their homes due to their accumulated rent arrears.
Ark Globe Academy is part of the well-renowned multi-academy trust Ark Schools which is run by Absolute Return for Kids (Ark), an international children's education charity founded by hedge fund millionaires, Sir Paul Marshall, Ian Wace, and Arpad Busson. Despite the wealth of the founders the cleaners are denied proper sick pay, only paid the minimum wage of £8.72, which is around 20% under the London Living Wage of £10.75, the widely recognised bare minimum required to survive in London.
In recordings obtained by the workers' trade union, UVW, high up Ridge Crest management can be heard offering the workers face masks and the possible payment of the London Living Wage on condition they leave their union. The recordings also confirm that Ark was "pretty annoyed" that the cleaners were even unionised or that the union was involved in the school at all. The manager says that they [Ark Globe Academy] were going to "hate us even more than they do" and "get their backs up" if the union didn't go away. In the most shocking part of the recording it is said that "ultimately, I just want to shut the union down" and asking the cleaners directly, "are you going to lose the union?"
UVW has said that the recording shows such a patent and unrestrained form of union busting that legal proceedings will be initiated immediately and the value of the collective claim could be as much as £150,000.
UVW will also start legal proceedings against Ark Globe Academy for discriminating against the cleaners on grounds of their race. UVW argues that in outsourcing the all migrant and BAME cleaning force to a private contractor on the statutory minimum pay rates and terms and conditions of employment, rather than providing them with parity with the school's majority white in-house staff that Ark are breaching their duties under the Equality Act and their additional Public Sector Equality Duty.
In a letter sent to UVW, Matt Jones, Executive Principal of Ark Globe Academy, didn't even respond to the UVW's allegation of race discrmination but did acknowledge the actions of his contractor were serious. However, he refused to meet with the cleaners or their union, and refused to investigate the union busting or sever ties with Ridge Crest.
Petros Elia, UVW Organiser, said the following: "Ark Globe Academy is a disgrace. Firstly, they've chosen to outsource their cleaners on poverty wages and deny them sick pay – something which not only puts the cleaners' health at risk but also the pupils; cleaners are essentially being forced to work when sick because they cannot afford to stay at home – on the minimum wage of £8.72 per hour they can't afford to lose a penny. But if outsourcing them wasn't enough, something which creates a two tiered racially segregated workforce in Ark Globe Academy – all the cleaners being migrants or BAME – to then condone, or perhaps even encourage their contractor to infringe upon their human rights by trying to stop them from joining a union is utterly reprehensible. The Department for Education should investigate Ark Globe Academy for its complicity in union busting. We are pleased teachers at Ark who have reached out to us share our concerns for the treatment of the cleaners and we will fight tirelessly both in court and on the picket line to ensure justice is served.
One cleaner who wished to remain anonymous said: "Ark and Ridge Crest treat us like dirt, our money was stolen for months and some of us were on the verge of losing our homes! But now we've got UVW to support us we're not going to back down, we will fight and strike and do whatever it takes to get Ark Globe Academy to realise that we are not the dirt we clean."
For more quotes, information, and any other queries please contact:
Petros Elia, Organiser, Caseworker and UVW Rep. Email. petros@uvwunion.org.uk Tel. 07884 553443
Kane Shaw, Lead Researcher and Press Officer. Email. kane@uvwunion.org.uk Tel. 07950 92779
United Voices of the World is in the process of taking a series of employers to Employment Tribunal by arguing that the outsourcing of BAME and migrant workers onto inferior pay and terms and conditions amounts to indirect discrimination under the Equality Act 2010. The case has already been filed against the Royal Parks (see here and here), a charity set up by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport to tend to manage the Queen's estate, and is due to also be brought against the Ministry of Justice (see here) and Great Ormond Street Hospital. The legal argument can be accessed in full here.
For a copy of the audio recordings of RCCS management engaging in trade union victimisation please contact Petros Elia at petros@uvwunion.org.uk 07884 553443 or contact Kane Shaw at kane@uvwunion.org.uk 07950 927798
Strike demands
The cleaners will go on strike to demand:
London Living Wage (£10.75 per hour)
Occupational Sick Pay
Trade union recognition
The creation of a worker led Health and Safety Committee


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Tag archive for 'gurukulam'
By Editor On Friday, July 8th, 2016
Beyond Yoga: Explore Life Inside a Hindu Spiritual Center
Every year, people of all ages, races, and creeds journey from around the world to reach Arsha Vidya Gurukulam, a secluded forest ashram in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There, they spend three years More...
By Editor On Thursday, March 10th, 2016
silent service to the Vedas – The Hindu
Students of the Raja Veda Kavya Patasala at Kumbakonam in Thanjavur district. Photo: M. Srinath The Hindu On Sunday, a unique felicitation is happening in the city. "I wished to study the Vedas and make it my More...


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Q: Lisp: Why is it saying that I'm only giving my function one argument? The code:
(defun len (x count)
  (cond ((null x) ())
        (t (+ count 1)
           (len (cdr x)))))

I try to call this function with (len '(a b c) 0) and I get an error saying that I'm only sending the function one argument and it requires two.
What am I doing wrong? I'm especially confused because I ran the function once with no errors using this exact same code, but then it decided that it didn't want to work anymore.

A: The (len '(a b c) 0) has the right number of arguments, however your recursive call inside the function, (len (cdr x)), does not. It's missing a second argument for the count.
On a related note, you're calculating (+ count 1), but then not doing anything with the result of the calculation.

A: Augmenting @sepp2k's answer, what you want to do is to pass the incremented count as the second argument to len, and, also, return count instead of NIL for empty arguments:
(defun len (x &optional (count 0))
  (if x
      (len (cdr x) (1+ count))
      count))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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"The Glass Menagerie"
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Buy custom "The Glass Menagerie" essay
The Glass Menagerie is one of the major plays by Tennessee Williams who has worked on numerous drafts of the same play before it was finally written in its current screenplay version. Some of the initial ideas regarding the play came from William's short stories and the screenplay were originally under the name 'The Gentleman Caller'. The premier of the play was in Chicago in 1944 where it was championed by literally critics such as Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy. This is what is considered to have led the play to win an award at the New York Drama Critics Circle Award in the year 1945. The Glass Menagerie was William's first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights (The Glass Menagerie (1987 film)). The play is seen to have been reworked from one of William's short stories "Portrait of a Girl in Glass" as well as borrowing heavily from the narrator Tom Wingfield point of view. The following analysis proves that Amanda Wingfield is the main character in the play based on the underlying factors that supports the same.
The Glass menagerie is seen by many as an autobiographical play that somehow tries to relate to William's life. This is going by the fact that the characters in the play seem to be mimicking his own life as compared to his related works. According to Kusher, Williams (whose real name is Thomas) would be Tom, his mother, Amanda, and his sickly and (supposedly) mentally ill sister Rose would be Laura (whose nickname in the play is "Blue Roses"(pp 57). It has also been suggested that the character Laura depicts Williams himself with respect to his introvert nature and obsessive focus on one part of life.
Buy "The Glass Menagerie" essay paper online
The major characters in the play are;
Amanda is a woman who has been abandoned by her husband for almost sixteen years. She is a lively character "Rise and Shine! Rise and shine!" Part 2, Scene 4, pg. 28 therefore has to raise her children under very unfriendly financial conditions. According to Gross, Amanda admits that her devotion to her children has somehow in a way affected her perception regarding her children where at some point she appears to be "hateful" towards them and she longs for the kind of Old South gentility and comforts which she remembers from her youth for her children (pp 119) Amanda consoles herself by stating that problems will always be there and the real challenge is to try and overcome them "You think of yourself as having the only problems, as being the only one who is disappointed. But just look around you and you will see lots of people as disappointed as you are." Part 4, Scene 7, pg. 76.Amanda is a signature character in most of the literally works by Williams. One of the significantly reproachable characteristics of Amanda is for her refusal to accept Laura for who she really is as well as her constant nagging of Tom.
Amanda on the other hand appears to be a selfless character who evils a willingness to sacrifice for her loved ones that is in many ways unparalleled in the play. In one of the moist significant scenes in the play, Amanda subjects herself to the humiliating drudgery of subscription sales in an attempt to try and enhance Laura's marriage prospects (pp. 77). Apparently, she does this without uttering a single word of protest or complains. In this regard, we can conclude that Amanda herself is not evil but flawed. However, her flaws appear to be as a result of tragedy, comedy, and theatrical flair of her character. Like she is described by her children, "Mother, when you're disappointed, you get that awful suffering look on your face, like the picture of Jesus' mother in the museum." Part 1, Scene 2, pg. 15, Amanda&squo;s character seem to go well with her role in the play. Just like her children, Amanda at one point in her life withdraws from reality into a fantasy world. This paints the theme of reality and illusion that most where most characters fail to find the difference between the two. The only distinction she has form her children is that unlike them, she is convinced that she is not doing hence constantly making efforts to engage with people and the world outside her family.
Laura Wingfield is the only character in the play that does not do anything to hurt others. This is irrespective of the fact that she also has her own problems. She appears to be the only character that shows compassion and stands strongly for her principles. As described by Amanda in scene four (pp. 54), her strong spirit of compassion is most significant when she sheds tears for Tom as a result of his unhappiness. Laura also is the only charades with the least participation in the play. This is one of the main factors that depict the aura of her selflessness. Despite her minimal participation, Laura forms the axis on which the plot turns. Significant symbols in the play such as blue roses, the glass unicorn, the entire glass menagerie all represent her presence in a way. "Laura is as rare and peculiar as a blue rose or a unicorn, and she is as delicate as a glass figurine" (Washington Post review). Amanda therefore in the play is seen to create a contrast between herself and Laura to emphasize the glamour of her youthful days and her intentions to try and re-create the same youth that she experienced through Laura. In most acts, Laura depicts a character that has a will of her own that defies other people's perception of her.
Tom Wingfield in the play doubles up as a character whose recollections the documents in the play as well as the character that operates within those recollections. This implies that the character Tom strikes a balance between the objectively presented dramatic truth and memory's distortion of truth. Tom is however a little bit different from the other characters in the play in the sense that he sometimes addresses the audience directly. This is with an overall attempt of trying to provide a more detached explanation and assessment on the happenings on the stage. However, the audience cannot really comprehend who the character tom is. He seems to be a character torn between two worlds one which questions his ability to be trusted and another world where he allows his emotions to affect his judgment such as his perception for women "[a]all pretty girls are a trap, a pretty trap, and men expect them to be." Part 3, Scene 6, pg. 52. His role in the play also shows that the nature of recollection is itself problematic. Tom as a character appears to be total contradiction and difficult to comprehend. His attitude towards Amanda and Laura has also left most critics wondering what type of person he really is. One side of his is that he cares of them and is compassionate towards them while on the other hand, he is cruel to towards them and exhibits a total disregard of humane characteristics.
There are various factors that make Amanda the main character in the play. One, it may be as a result of her role of being the bonding point or her gentle nature to try and keep all the main characters in the play in an operational manner in accordance to her wishes. At one point, she encourages her son Tom not to give up in life "I know your ambitions do not lie in the warehouse, that like everybody in the whole wide world -- you've had to -- make sacrifices, but -- Tom -- Tom -- life's not easy, it calls for -- Spartan endurance!" Part 2, Scene 4, pg. 32. Her strong will relates and indicates a character that would go up to any length to make sure that she achieves her objectives. She is also seen to try and influence the lives of the people she loves for example when she relentlessly tries to influence Laura's marriage as well as prevent her form becoming who she really wants to be. Amanda and her strong spirit are responsible for the outcomes in the play as well as ends up influencing the lives of the people she loves. One particular instance, Amanda discovers that Laura's crippling shyness has led her to drop out of the class secretly and spend her days wandering the city alone. Under this, the author introduces the theme of loneliness in the role of Laura and the fact that she feels not able to love or experience romantic attachment. This is the main reason why she spends her time collecting glass animals. This leads her to believe that the only hope for Laura in this world id only if she is married. She therefore begins selling magazines subscription an attempt to raise money that she hopes will go a long way in helping to attract suitors for Laura.
Amanda also appears to be the kind of person who is both a survivor and a pragmatist in the sense that despite being abandoned with her family by her husband many years ago, she was able to raise her family and ensure that all their basic needs are well taken care off. She is also overly concerned about the general welfare of her children and most importantly the life decisions that they make that will undoubtedly affect their future lives such as when she tries to encourage Tom to make appropriate life decisions "You are the only young man that I know of who ignores the fact that the future becomes the present, the present becomes the past, and the past turns into everlasting regret if you don't plan for it!" Part 3, Scene 5, pg. 45. Amanda yearns for her daughter to have the things that she Amanda had in her early life. This is despite the fact that Laura is emotionally crippled and spends most of her time collecting small glass animals and as she is described by her mother she lives in "a world of her own -- a world of glass ornaments." Part 3, Scene 5, pg. 48. Knowing the emotional state of her daughter, Amanda tries to find a suitable suitor for Laura in an attempt to avert an emotional breakdown by her daughter in the occurrence of heartbreak or a wrong choice with respect to the people she loves. However, it appears that Tom was out there to jeopardize the efforts by his mother to find his sister a suitable suitor in that he brought an already engaged friend despite all the preparations by his mother knowing to well that his friend was engaged. Jim O' Connor tells Laura that "For nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow out your candles, Laura -- and so, goodbye . . ." Part 4, Scene 7, pg. 97. Critics see this as a depiction that Tom was emotionally attracted to his sister and did not want her to leave.
In the film The Glass Menagerie directed by Paul Newman, the plot basically revolves around Amanda and her family making her the main character in the film. The movie is bases on the disillusioned and delusional Amanda, her shy, crippled daughter Laura and his emotionally stable though unpredictable son Tom. The scenes revolves around the three characters where in order to appease his mother, Tom comes home with a friend who Laura discovers later is her the man she loved in high school. However, her hopes are dashed don learning that Jim O'Connor is engaged and Amanda lashes out at Tom for raising his sister's hopes only to get her even more disappointed. Tom therefore leaves the family never to return again. In this, the author depicts the theme of the wish by many characters in the story to run away and escape some of their most pressing life challenges and encounters.
Related Literature essays
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@BenBajarin The Chinese know the difference between the real Apple and the phow apple.
@BenBajarin Ben what is the chart? Growth rate, total share, share of new, etc?
@steveanastos share of sales by quarter.
@BenBajarin Q1 15 is labeled Q1 14.
@eibcb doh! Fixed it but tweeted the wrong one.. Thanks.
@BenBajarin The apple of China may just turn out to be the same Apple as everywhere else.
@BenBajarin @lelandusa The Chinese market began to understand that software & user experience matters, not just speeds and feeds.
@BenBajarin things like Audio Messages in iMessage were borrowed/added to iOS for China. Commonly used, easier to audio than type chars.
@BenBajarin Important vectors for tech investors. User experience and software is still eating the consumer world, China included.
@BenBajarin Why the large drop for Samsung end of 2013? This is before either Apple or Xiaomi really starting to grow.
@BenBajarin Choice of colors iffy... light blue , light green, blue-green?
@VafeR The whole of the Chinese vendors rising.
@BenBajarin Ah, makes sense. Thanks.
@studuncan @gruber Yes. Also, the more I study what's happening in luxury market in China the more optimistic I get on Apple there.


The St. Louis Area has become a mecca for asbestos litigation. We defend Mesothelioma and less serious asbestos cases in the City of St. Louis, Missouri and Madison County, Illinois. We represent manufacturers whose products contained asbestos as well as claimant's employers who may have had asbestos in the workplace. Cases are often brought against scores of defendants in one action. The procedures utilized by the courts in handling the hundreds of such cases that are filed here each year are subject to special rules and standing orders necessary so that they can proceed fairly and efficiently. An attorney unfamiliar with the formal procedures and unwritten rules must proceed with caution. Our attorneys have years of experience in navigating these potentially treacherous waters.
We also defend cases involving lead exposure, Silicosis, Black Lung and Popcorn Lung. We defend cases involving chemical contamination of groundwater and chemical exposure in the workplace. These cases almost always involve large numbers of plaintiffs, large numbers of defendants, or both. These matters should only be handled by law firms like ours with experience in the issues of causation, venue, exclusive remedy and settlement procedures that are unique to this kind of liability.
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Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears. They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound. Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear. Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans. Circumaural and supra-aural headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place. The other type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal. In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone. Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as Bluetooth, DECT or FM radio. The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free. Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones.
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Frequency response: 20 Hz – 20 KHz
Nominal Impedance: 32 ohm
Sensitivity: 97 dB / 10 mW / 3 mm
Jack plug: OD 3.5 mm stereo
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Earphone Hook Included
Deliver clean, crisp sound.
In-line Master Volume Knob and Microphone Switch
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A4Tech ComfortFit Stereo Headset HS-30
A4Tech COMFORTFIT STEREO HEADSET HS-7P
A4Tech HS-100 Headphones
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A4Tech (6)


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Jorge Ferrer-Vidal Turull (Barcelona, 2 de julio de 1926-Madrid, 19 de julio de 2001) fue un escritor de cuentos, novelista, poeta y traductor español.

Biografía
Nacido en una familia de la aristocracia catalana, entre cuyos miembros destaca la figura del prohombre industrial, político y escritor José Ferrer y Vidal, su bisabuelo paterno, y la de Luis Ferrer-Vidal y Soler, su abuelo paterno. Por parte de su abuela paterna, Edith de Llauradó, pertenecía a la ilustre familia del helenista y editor Bergnes de Las Casas, saga de origen francés entroncada con Luis VI. Jorge Ferrer-Vidal se educó en Barcelona, San Sebastián y Sevilla en diversos colegios de la Compañía de Jesús.

En 1936 su familia se vio obligada a abandonar Barcelona debido al clima de violencia que se desencadenó al estallar la guerra civil española. Una vez terminada la contienda y, habiendo regresado a la casa familiar del Paseo de Gracia nº 114, se matriculó en la Facultad de Derecho, en la que se licenció en el año de 1949. A partir del año 1951 comenzó a enviar cuentos a diversos certámenes literarios, cosechando notables éxitos desde el principio.

En 1953, año de la muerte de su hermano mayor Luis, escribió su primera novela: "El trapecio de Dios", publicada por el editor José Janés en noviembre del año siguiente. Ese mismo año viajó al Reino Unido para trabajar en una empresa de importación-exportación, residiendo en la población de Beckenham Junction (Kent), en la casa de Sir Richard Stoneham.

Cuando regresó a España en 1954, decidió compaginar su actividad literaria con el trabajo de asesor jurídico y, posteriormente, de jefe de personal y relaciones públicas en diversas empresas de ámbito nacional.

En 1955 contrajo matrimonio con María Díaz del Riguero y Díaz de Bustamante, con quien tuvo cinco hijos, María, Juan, Mercedes, Marta e Inés, desarrollando a partir de esa época una fructífera carrera literaria que, al comienzo de la década de los años sesenta, complementó con una relevante actividad como traductor, especialmente, de novelistas anglosajones.

En 1956 obtuvo el prestigioso premio "Sésamo" con su cuento "Los vagabundos", así como el premio "Leopoldo Alas". En 1960 fue galardonado con el premio "Café Gijón" por la novela "Sábado, esperanza", publicándose en el año 1964 la novela "Historias de mis valles" (el libro que, junto con "Viaje por la sierra de Ayllón", el autor considerada de mayor calidad literaria entre los por él escritos), publicándose en el año de 1967 otra de sus mejores novelas "Diario de Albatana".

En 1975 se licenció en Filosofía y Letras en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Durante la década de los años ochenta hasta su muerte, siguió gozando del justo reconocimiento a su labor literaria con la concesión de numerosos galardones y la publicación de varios volúmenes de cuentos, entre los que destacan "El hombre de los pájaros" (1982), "Cuentos de otras latitudes" (1987) y "Los iluminados" (1993).

En su autobiografía, titulada "Confesiones de un escritor de cuentos (1951-1993)", publicada en dicho año de 1993, el autor, además de exponer su itinerario profesional, familiar y vital, manifiesta sus ideas literarias, entre las cuales augura que "cuanto mayor sea la presión de la economía de mercado, los alardes técnicos, la informatización progresiva de la existencia, el hombre irá haciéndose paulatinamente lector de poesía y de cuentos, por ser estos los dos géneros literarios que mejor arropan nuestros mitos y nuestra ansia exasperada de encontrar un Dios".

Escritor habitualmente encuadrado en la llamada "generación del año 1950", conoció a la mayoría de los autores de dicha generación, manteniendo durante muchos años una gran amistad con narradores y dramaturgos como Lauro Olmo, Medardo Fraile, Meliano Peraile, Ramón Carnicer y Antonio Pereira, entre otros.

Bibliografía básica
 "El trapecio de Dios". José Janés, editor. Barcelona, 1954.
 "El carro de los caballos blancos". Editorial "El Doncel". Barcelona, 1957.
 "Caza mayor" (Premio "Ciudad de Oviedo" 1961). Editorial Richard Grandio. Oviedo, 1961
 "Historias de mis valles" (Premio "Selecciones de Lengua Española"). Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1964.
 "El gusano blanco". Editorial Alfaguara. Madrid, 1966.
 "Diario de Albatana". Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1967.
 "El racimo de uvas" (Premio "Ateneo de Valladolid"), Editorial Nacional. Madrid, 1968.
 "Maragall". Editorial Epesa. Madrid, 1970.
 "Te emplazo, padre, te exijo …" (Premio "Armengot"), Castellón de la Plana, 1974. Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1974.
 "El pequeño guiñol de Raul Encinas". Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1976.
 "Floresta de infortunios" (Premio "Pen Club" de Chile), Santiago de Chile, 1991.
 "Sobre la piel del mundo". Cuentos(Premio "Leopoldo Alas"). Roca Editorial, Barcelona, 1956.
 "Fe de vida". Cuentos. Roca Editorial. Barcelona, 1958.
 "Cuando lleguen las golondrinas con la primavera". Cuentos. Roca Editorial, Barcelona, 1960.
 "Historias de desamor y malandanza". Cuentos. Roca Editorial, Barcelona, 1963.
 "También se muere en las amanecidas" Cuentos. Editora Nacional. Madrid, 1969.
 "Sábado, esperanza". (Premio "Café Gijón" 1960). Cuentos. Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1972.
 "Los papeles de Ludwig Jäger".Novela. Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1974.
 "Fueron así tus días y los míos". Cuentos. Universidad de Sevilla, colección de bolsillo nº 61, Sevilla, 1978.
 "Este cuarto de estar para vivir... y Libro de Irlanda". Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1979.
 "Viaje por la frontera del Duero". Editorial Espasa y Calpe. Madrid, 1980.
 "Notable en armonía". Cuentos. Editorial Plaza y Janés. Barcelona, 1981.
 "El hombre de los pájaros". Cuentos. Editorial Espasa y Calpe. Madrid, 1982.
 "Ramoncete y la gorda". Editorial Grupo Anaya. Madrid, 1987.
 "Cuentos de otras latitudes". Cuentos. Ediciones Iberoamericanas. Madrid, 1987.
 "Primer libro de Grecia". Poesía. Editorial Seuba. Barcelona,1988.
 "Andresin y los topos". Relato. Editorial Anaya. Madrid,1989.
 "El cálido verano del 44". Cuentos. Ediciones Iberoamericanas. Madrid, 1990.
 "Viaje por la sierra de Ayllón". Ámbito Ediciones. Valladolid, 1991.
 "Los iluminados: catorce cuentos con réplica". Cuentos.(Premio "Editorial Ánthropos", 1993), Barcelona, 1993.
 "El libro de los sonetos en blanco". Poesía. Editorial Seuba. Barcelona, 1996.
 "Los malignos, inicuos y arbolados mares de este mundo". Cuentos. Editorial Seuba. Barcelona, 1998.

Enlaces externos
Nota sobre Jorge Ferrer Vidal

Escritores de Barcelona
Escritores de España del siglo XX
Galardonados con el Premio Café Gijón

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A CONTROVERSIAL new way of deciding rain-affected cricket matches will be trialled in this season's Tucker League.
The new rules will mean captains of the side batting second may have to select some of their players not to bat, which some fear will lead to unrest among players.
The format has been brought in to even out a perceived advantage to the side batting second - that side won every rain-affected game last season.
The one season trial will take place in the Cambs and Hunts Premier League Divisions One and Two, meaning Huntingdonshire sides Bluntisham, Waresley, Godmanchester, Ramsey, Eaton Socon and Kimbolton will be affected.
Keith Colburn, secretary of the Tucker League, said: "Last year's weather was poor and a lot of games were played over a reduced over format.
"The rules that applied gave a clear advantage to the side batting second and this was backed up by results which saw that side win every one of the 30-plus games that were weather-affected.
"What we have tried to do is bring in something similar to the Duckworth/Lewis method used at the top level. The main difference is that the side batting second will start with wicket(s) down if weather has intervened and chase a reduced total."
The rules will see the side batting first bat for its full 48 overs, regardless of weather conditions. The side batting second would then lose one wicket for every six overs of its innings lost to the weather, with the total runs required being adjusted to be an average runs per over during the first innings.
The side batting second must bat a minimum of 10 overs to constitute an innings, but if 38 overs had been lost to the weather they would start their reply on zero runs for six wickets chasing the revised target.
Hunts League secretary Richard Ewing said he would be watching how the trial worked with interest.
He said: "This move reflects the mood in cricket which seems prepared to move away from the old rigid rules and implement something that gives the game a positive feel.
"There has been a move for some time to do something to improve the outcome of weather-affected games and we are certainly looking to make changes to rules within the Hunts League in these areas."
Eaton Socon captain Terry Day said with the advent of the new rules, he hoped it wouldn't rain.
"Nobody likes games that are rain- affected," he said. "Looking at the rule I'll probably leave it to someone else in the team to work out the details should the weather intervene.
"So long as it makes the game fair to both parties I don't have a problem, but what will happen if I have to tell four or five of my players that they aren't going to bat remains to be seen."
David Swannell, Ramsey's league representative, said: "We have been on the good and bad side of the old result which definitely favoured one side.
"Something needed to be done. and they have already trialled a similar system in Lancashire last year, if this is the answer then it will be good news for everyone.


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Home Blog 5 Must-Know AANHPI Women Who Shaped Democracy
By: Lilly McGee
5 Must-Know AANHPI Women Who Shaped Democracy
Blog / Last Updated: May 17, 2022
Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) women have always been an integral part of the voting rights movement. From opposing sexist and racist legislation to expanding the freedom to vote, the following five women are just a few of the many icons you should know about.
Celebrating AANHPI Heritage with Team LWV!
Patsy Mink
Patsy Mink was a third-generation Japanese-American attorney and politician born and raised in Maui. After graduating as class president and valedictorian of her high school, she enrolled in the University of Nebraska, where she worked to eliminate segregationist policies. She then earned a degree in law, but was blocked from taking the Hawaiian bar exam because her recent marriage invalidated her Hawaiian territorial residency.
Mink challenged this barrier and won the right to take the bar, but after passing, she had trouble finding a job because of her status as a married mother. Inspired to change the sexist policies that held her back, she ran for the territorial House of Representatives in 1956. She won, becoming the first Japanese-American woman to serve in both the territorial House and, two years later, the territorial Senate.
After Hawaii achieved statehood, Mink became the first woman of color to win a seat in the House of Representatives. During her time in Congress, she promoted childcare, education, immigration reform, social welfare, and anti-discrimination bills such as Title IX of the Higher Education Act, later renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act. She also passed the Women's Educational Equity Act, which aimed to increase gender equity in schools and provide increased education and job opportunities for women.
In 1972, she became the first East-Asian woman to seek the Democratic Presidential nomination, running under an anti-war stance. In 1990 she was once more elected to the House of Representatives, where she worked until her death in 2002.
Tye Leung Schulze
Tye Leung Schulze was born in San Francisco in 1887. In her teens, she became a translator for her local mission home, where she assisted in the rescue of human trafficking survivors. At 23, she became the first Chinese-American to pass the civil service examinations, which allowed her to work as an interpreter on Angel Island.
In May 1912, Leung Schulze became the first Chinese woman to vote in a presidential primary election. Yet prejudice still cast a pall over her life; the very next year, she was fired from her job at Angel Island because of her marriage to Charles Schulze, a white immigration officer. The marriage was deemed to violate anti-miscegenation laws.
Leung Schulze continued to work, providing interpretation and social services to San Francisco's Chinatown residents. She had four children and was linked to women's rights advocacy until her death in 1972.
Emma Kaʻilikapuolono/Kaili Metcalf Beckley Nakuina
Emma Kaʻilikapuolono/Kaili Metcalf Beckley
Nakuina
Emma Kaʻilikapuolono/Kaili Beckley Nakuina was a judge and cultural writer born in Hawaii's Manoa Valley prior to the US overthrow of the Hawaiian government. Her father was a New York sugar planter and her mother was a descendant of the aliʻi (hereditary nobility) of Oahu.
She was extensively educated as a young woman, and at one point, she was ordered by Hawaiian King Kamehameha IV to study traditional water rights and customs. Nakuina served as a lady in waiting to Queen Kapiʻolani before being appointed to the role of curator to the Hawaiian National Museum and Government Library. In this role, Nakuina established herself as an expert on Hawaiian folklore and history. Because of her knowledge of water rights, she was later appointed commissioner of private ways and water rights. For taking this role, she is often regarded as Hawaii's first female judge; fittingly, she was nicknamed "judge of the water court."
When the Hawaiian Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown in 1893, Hawaiian women lost the right to vote. In response, Nakuina co-created the National Women's Equal Suffrage Association of Hawai'i, which used publications, public speaking opportunities, and social functions to advocate for women's suffrage.
Nakuina also worked to preserve Hawaii's culture and history as colonization threatened to eradicate it. Her book "Hawaii, Its People, Their Legends" translated several Hawaiian stories into English so that non-Hawaiians can better understand her homeland's culture.
Nakuina passed in 1929 at the age of 82.
Dr. Sayu Bhojwani
Dr. Sayu Bhojwani was born in India and spent various periods of her childhood in Belize and British Honduras. In 1980, she moved to the US for college, with the initial intention of teaching English.
When the US government denied her assistance in obtaining a green card, she turned her focus from education to work with the Asia Society. In 1996 she founded South Asian Youth Action to support teenagers with South Asian ancestry.
In 2002, Dr. Bhojwani was appointed as New York's first Commissioner of Immigrant Affairs; in this role, she served and protected millions of people. In 2010, she founded the nonprofit New American Leaders, which recruits people of immigrant heritage to run for national office, and in 2020 she founded Women's Democracy Lab, which supports women of color in elected office.
Today, she continues her work as an author, speaker, democracy futurist, and immigrant rights advocate.
Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee
Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee was a Chinese American activist and suffragist. She is also the first Chinese woman in the US to earn a doctorate in economics.
Lee was born on October 7, 1897, and spent her early childhood in China. Her father, Dr. Lee Towe, was a missionary pastor and moved to the US when Lee was four. When Lee was nine, she received an academic scholarship that allowed the family to relocate to the US to be with her father.
At sixteen years old she was admitted to Barnard College and led a women's suffrage parade in New York. The parade drew in ten thousand attendees. Lee was deeply devoted to her studies and wrote feminist essays for The Chinese Students' Monthly that emphasized the importance of extending voting rights and equal opportunities to women.
She did this in spite of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which prevented Chinese immigrants from attaining citizenship and voting. Even when the 19th amendment passed, Chinese women and many other women of color were not allowed to vote. In 1916, Lee gave a speech at the Women's Political Union's Suffrage Shop encouraging the education and civic participation of Chinese women of all ages.
It took twenty-five years for women like Lee to be granted the right to vote with the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943. After graduating from Barnard College, Lee went on to get receive a master's degree in educational administration from Columbia Teacher's College. Later, Lee pursued a Ph.D. from Columbia University. She became the first Chinese woman to graduate with a Ph.D. in economics.
After her father's death, Lee took over his role as head of the Baptist mission in Chinatown. She also opened a community center, the Chinese Christian Center. This center was meant to empower the Chinese community by offering a health clinic, English classes, and a Kindergarten.
Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee's activism ensured many other women had the ability to vote. She also devoted her life to service and advocacy for her community until her death in 1966.
Celebrating AAPI Heritage Month with Team LWV!
We're excited to highlight some of the accomplishments, advice, and experiences of our fellow Leaguers who identify as members of the AAPI community. As you'll see, each of these five people has had an enormous, positive impact on the League, our democracy, and the people around them.
Blog / May 24, 2021
League Supports H.Res 908, Denouncing Asian American discrimination
The League joined a letter drafted on behalf of the National Council of Asian Pacific Americans (NCAPA), the Democracy Initiative, and more than 150 undersigned organizations to denounce the continued increase in racist attacks and discrimination against the Asian American community.
Letters / April 22, 2020
How Native American Women Inspired the Women's Suffrage Movement
The Native women of Haudenosaunee played a vital role in the women's suffrage movement. Their way of living — equal participation in their government and societal roles — heavily influenced the movement's early stages.
Blog / November 29, 2021
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This Mac plush will make screen time cuddly
First wearable computers made you look like a freaking Borg
By David Pierini • 6:30 am, February 12, 2015
The Xybernaut Poma was considered the first wearable computer - and a tech failure.
It would have been hard to don a Xybernaut Poma wearable PC in 2002 without uttering the phrase, "Resistance is futile."
What was arguably the first wearable computer had the look of a Borg, a cybernetic villain from Star Trek: The Next Generation.
The Borg's design, a menacing mashup of species and technology, was badass, but Poma users just looked awkward. The computer's processing unit was portable enough, fitting in a pocket or clipping to a belt. But once you added the keyboard to the forearm and a clunky-looking, head-mounted optical piece, your cool crashed like a bad hard drive.
Poma's introduction captivated tech types. Certain professions, like law enforcement and NASA workers, saw a need for real-time recording and processing of information. The Poma, which stands for personal media appliance, failed because of its steep price, poor battery life and bulky fit. The company eventually got sidetracked by indictments for securities fraud after some investors cried foul.
But with a new dawn for wearable technology, some look back on Xybernaut's first wearable models and give the company a little credit for starting the conversation with a device that might have been ahead of its time.
Google Glass seemed to be an improvement. Gone were the belt attachment and forearm keyboard. Ten years of tech advances produced a sleek, eyeglass-type frame with a tiny screen. But Glass hasn't made it to the masses. A small number were made available to a pool of test users and, once again, bugs and battery life were among the many turnoffs.
"What happens is you find just how difficult it is to integrate this technology with our story," said Romie Littrell, a curator with The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, California. "Xybernaut and Glass are the necessary failures. No one has figured out a killer use for the technology."
Littrell, who recently developed a permanent Body Metrics exhibit at the museum, said wearable computing has to produce meaningful information that fits our narrative. The farthest-reaching inroads have been in fitness, with sensors that measure heart rate, steps and calorie burn, he said.
The National Hockey League currently is negotiating with the players' union for players to wear sensors in their jerseys to track information like skating speed as a way to further engage fans and perhaps create new kinds of statistics to measure.
Law enforcement is constantly exploring new technology as a way to gain fresh advantages in crime-fighting and prevention. U.S. Border Patrol agents quickly embraced the Xybernaut Mobile Assistant IV, finding it especially valuable for accessing databases to verify on the spot whether vehicles are stolen.
Lately, wearable tech in law enforcement has been discussed as a necessary measure of accountability for officers. Over the past year, high-profile incidents where an officer's use of force left unarmed men dead fueled discussions about mandatory body cameras. There is mounting pressure for police officers to wear body cameras to record their interactions with the public, though questions remain over who would monitor the raw footage from these devices.
For now, fitness trackers, smartwatches and clip-on body cameras seem to be about all the computing power we're willing to wear.
Technology leaders tend to ride the waves because developing a product for down the road requires financial risk with room for setbacks and failures few can afford, Littrell said.
Littrell is not so sure the Poma was a vision that made today's wearable computing possible.
"It's a good story but if you look at it, they didn't put a lot of effort into it," he said. "It looks like somebody took different (computer) components and attached them to the body."
Posted in: News Tagged: Throwback Thursday Tech, wearable computing


Real life couple, Armi Kuusela (the first Miss Universe, 1952) and Virgilio Hilario starred in "Now and Forever", the true-to-life story of their romance. It opened December 30, 1953, almost 60 years ago.
In 1952, Miss Finland Armi Kuusela was crowned Miss Universe, the first Miss Universe pageant held June 28, 1952 at Long Beach, USA.
In 1953, some nine months after she won the Miss Universe title, Armi was invited by the Philippine International Fair Committee to crown that year's Miss Philippines…in the course of her stay, she met Virgilio Hilario, a Filipino businessman, through a blind date in Baguio…the two were eventually married in Tokyo that year… luckily, Armi was allowed to keep her title.
Child star sensation Tessie 'Roberta' Agana, filmdom's "Shirley Temple of the Philippines" did a movie in 1953 titled "Munting Koronel," patterned over the 1935 Shirley Temple starrer "The Little Colonel."
"One More Try" was named Best Picture during the 38th Metro Manila Film Festival Awards night held at the Meralco Theater in Ortigas, Pasig City on Thursday, December 27. The movie won a total of six awards, including the inaugural Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence and the Best Actor trophy for Dingdong Dantes.
"Thy Womb," meanwhile, was also awarded the Gatpuno Antonio Villegas Cultural Award and the Best Director award for Brilliante Mendoza. Mendoza urged moviegoers to support his film, which stars Nora Aunor and Bembol Roco.
"Showing pa po kami. Sana po makatulong yung award. At sana wag po kayong mag-pull out," he said during his award acceptance speech.
His statement comes after it was reported that several cinemas were already pulling out the film from their line-up due to its poor box office performance. As of the latest report, "Thy Womb" is in last place in terms of box office results among the eight MMFF entries this year.
The glittering rites was hosted by Kris Aquino and KC Concepcion.
Director Ruel Bayani accepting the Best Picture award for "One More Try." With him are Angel Locsin, Zanjoe Marudo and child star Miguel Vergara.
Nora Aunor for Best Actress in "Thy Womb"
Dingdong Dantes as Best Actor for "One More Try"
Brilliante Mendoza as Best Director for "Thy Womb"
"Shake, Rattle & Roll 14 (The Invasion)"
Three Episodes "Ang Pamana", "The Unwanted" and "Lost Command"
Batangueña was a follow-up movie of Jaime de la Rosa and Nida Blanca, after a successful team-up in Korea in 1952. The two were reunited again in 1954 in the movie Galawgaw.
Pinoy version of America's Captain Marvel, Kapitan Kidlat was introduced to Pinoy viewers in the 1950s with screen idol, Armando Goyena playing the title role. Kapitan Kidlat, created by Leonardo Abutin, was based on a popular DZRH radio program.
"Inocencio Santos was a shy and humble man who worked at a police station, until he was granted incredible powers by Zeus, "the Supreme God", to aid the innocent and helpless against criminals. By uttering the phrase "Kidlat Ngayon" or "Kapitan Kidlat Ngayon", he would transform into the heroic Kapitan Kidlat !"


Everyone doesn't need to know the whole truth about every little situation. Sometimes it's best to just tell a little white lie. If you have trouble determining when it's OK to tell a white lie, ask yourself this question: Does the truth involve diarrhea? If the answer to that is yes, then you can lie.


Random friend: You wanna get some breakfast?
Me: Nah, I don't really eat in the mornings.
Me: Yeah. I pretty much just fast.
Random: Isn't that a little unhealthy?
Even though fasting (and more specifically, intermittent fasting) has been on a meteoric rise for a few years now, the virtue of it is not as common as I thought.
In short, the studies say yes, my own experience and energy say yes, and the current science and the evolutionary perspective say yes as well.
At the root of these "Yeses" lies the why: It gives our digestive system a rest.
If we can give our digestive tract a break, it not only gets to work on cleaning and repairing itself, but the whole body is "cleaned" as well. This often entails improved skin complexion, better tissue repair, and enhanced mental clarity.
And when we do eat something, we will break it down faster and more efficiently (good poops is a good life).
Like anything, though, to really understand the benefits, one has to do it.
So how do we fast?
Let's not make this rocket science.
Go once a week for 24 hrs.
Or go every other day for 18 – 20 hrs.
Go 5 days a week at 14- 16 hrs.
Note: The fast is the length between meals. Most people wake up rocking a 10 hr fast already. Go without solid food to noon or 1 pm and you'll be there.
In the end, do what is natural. It may feel totally unnatural in the beginning, but that is simply because you are running on different instructions (your current software). To change any habit (code), will require work.
For this, let the caveman of our past be your inspiration: Wake up. Hunt / gather = Move. And then relax and eat in the afternoon.
That is, get busy. Do what is most important. If you must, drink a coffee concoction like I do. Then when the work is complete, eat and/or nap.
Remember: Your health is your energy.
If you become mentally fuzzy, physically fatigued, and your libido dies, than fasting may not be healthy for you. Often, however, we just have to adjust some variables (like a shorter fast or more sleep) to make it be.


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« Exclusive – First Look At VMG's ICONIC Pod
Carphone Warehouse London Flagship Store »
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC)
Adrian J Cotterill, Editor-in-Chief
These new screens have been up at Lord's since 15th May so not sure why the press releases have started flowing now about it but either way it's great to have some really nice pictures of the install.
The picture shown above is indeed an LED, taken far enough away of course for the clarity to appear but it really is a good looking screen (as we think the picture shows).
Lord's is the home of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the 'true home of cricket' – much like the English like to think that Wimbledon is the home of Tennis, which of course it is!!!
Steve Jones, IT manager at the MCC explained that "We had two scoreboards that had been there for some time and the 16,000 light bulbs of which they consisted needed constant replacement. We also had a temporary video screen which was brought in for major matches. So when we decided to replace the two scoreboards, the decision was made to add a third and set them all up to be capable of showing video"
Gardiner and Theobald were hired as project managers who put out a tender for a full Design and Build contract and there was we are told a 'shoot-out' (surely that should be a 'bowl-off') between six LED screen manufacturers
Lighthouse ultimately won the contract and also appointed AMX who specialise in electronic control systems to develop an integrated content management system for all three screens.
Damon Crowhurst, Director of Market Development at AMX's Inspired Signage Group told us "This was a fantastic project to be involved with that really delivers the first truly end to end AMX solution and demonstrates the real value behind AMX's continuing strategy of integrating end to end solutions with our technology portfolio. It was also a great opportunity to work with Lighthouse LED's and extend our signage solution into this arena."
The software system has been designed to access data from Code 27's widely used Total Cricket Scorer© (TCS), which is displayed alongside video content received from outside broadcast trucks – this means that for those who follow cricket, the scorers, who have ultimate control over the boards, can select what they want to show on each screen!
All photos copyright Clare Skinner
This entry was posted on Monday, August 11th, 2008 at 00:45 @073 and is filed under Scuttlebut. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Sanitiser Wipe Dispensers Added to @GoSwiftmile's Micromobility Platform
JCDecaux Acquires Minority Stake in Clear Media Limited


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Delegation of the European Union to Ukraine
EEAS homepage > Ukraine > Search
Photo Galleries, Thematic Pages, Projects
(-) Remove Ukraine filter Ukraine
Topics EU information in Russian (1) Eastern Partnership (1)
Civil Society and Media (2) Apply Civil Society and Media filter
(-) Remove Democracy and Human Rights filter Democracy and Human Rights
Editorial team... Press and information team of the Delegation to UKRAINE (17)
Cybersecurity of Parliamentary Elections
Description: The overall objective is to improve the resilience of Ukrainian parliamentary elections to cyber threats. The purpose of this Contract is to strengthen Ukrainian stakeholders capacities to ensure cyber security resilience in the electoral processes, to help to foster a culture of cyber
Author: Press and information team of the Delegation to UKRAINE - Publication date: 01/08/2019
Countering Election-related Cyber Threats and Disinformation Campaigns in Ukraine
Description: The main aim of the project is to improve the resilience of the Ukrainian electoral system to cyber threats and disinformation campaigns. The activities will focus on the officials responsible for ensuring the conduct and/or cyber security of elections in Ukraine as well as on
EU-UNDP Parliamentary Reform Project
Description: The project aims at strengthening the functioning of the Ukrainian Parliament, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, to become a progressively more effective, accountable and transparent institution in carrying out its constitutional responsibilities of legislation, oversight and
Continuing Support to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine
Description: Overall objective is to improve compliance with human rights in Ukraine, particularly in respect of violations and abuses stemming from the conflict in the east. Specific objectives are: to raise awareness of human rights violations among Ukrainian stakeholders, UN system and the
Justice for Roma in Ukraine
Description: This project aims to combat discrimination against Roma who live in Ukraine. The project foresees that legal professionals will work together with Romani communities to increase Roma's understanding and capacity to use their legal rights. The impact will be that Roma will know
Fight against torture, ill-treatment and impunity in Ukraine
Description: Strengthening the rule of law through litigation and advocacy efforts at the national and international levels, analysis of legislation/legislation application practices, providing objective and impartial information on the situation of torture to a wide public, and elaborating
Strengthening human rights protection and human rights groups in Crimea
Description: Provide legal and psycho-social assistance to victims of human rights violations in Crimea, strengthen capacities of local human rights defenders and civil society groups, deliver reliable information about human rights situation in Crimea to national and international stakeholders,
Electoral reform to strengthen the power of agents of change and support public dialogue
Description: Overall objective is to promote irreversible democratic reforms in Ukraine; to protect electoral rights and interests of citizens; to ensure openness and transparency of election administration through implementation of large-scale electoral reform; and to strengthen the position of
Freedom of movement for everybody: reform of the residence registration system in Ukraine
The aim of the project is to contribute to the change of the residence registration system in Ukraine through transforming the permissive interaction between the state and the people into a declarative one.
Defending human rights and supporting human rights defenders in mainland Ukraine and Crimea
The overall objective is to build the capacity and provide litigation support to human rights defenders (HRDs) for protecting the rights of and ensuring access to justice to residents of mainland Ukraine and Crimea.
101 Volodymyrska St.
Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine