It might surprise you, but the ability of the chameleon to change colors rapidly – a trait that has given this lizard family the reputation of master of disguise – has only been discovered recently. They adjust a layer of specialized cells hidden under their skin, according to a new study.
This famous trait of changing color to blend in with its surroundings – the reason perhaps that the word 'chameleon' means 'lion of the ground' – is hardly unique to reptiles. Although a number of squids and octopus are able to change color and even their shape at will, they do it by building up and releasing pigments inside their skin – materials whose colors are dependent on the wavelengths of light they absorb and reflect back. Chameleons, however, are dependent on structural changes impacting how the light reflects from their skin.
To investigate exactly how this happens, the researchers studied five individual adult males, four adult females and an additional group of four juvenile panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis), an Old World lizard living in Madagascar. What the scientists discovered is that each of the chameleons in the study contained two thick, superposed layers of what are called iridophore cells — iridescent cells containing a series of pigments, as well as chambers that control how light is reflected off them.
Within these iridophore cells are nanocrystals of varying sizes, shapes and orientation, all of which must act together when the chameleon's colors shift, according to the researchers, who published their work Tuesday in Nature Communications. The chameleons themselves alter the structural arrangements of the iridophores by simply relaxing or exciting the scales on their skin, and bringing about a change in the color. While most species appear characteristically green, aggressive chameleons can sometimes turn black. Much of these color shifts are associated with moods. A male chameleon may remain in a content state lying on a branch shortly after eating, and then change color when it sees a potential rival in its territory, changing color at once. Changes in temperature can also cause their skin to change color.
"When the skin is in the relaxed state, the nanocrystals in the iridophore cells are very close to each other — hence, the cells specifically reflect short wavelengths, such as blue," said the paper's senior author Michel Milinkovitch, who is a professor of genetics and evolutionary biology at the University of Geneva in Switzerland.
By comparison, any stimulation of the skin stretches the distance between each of these nanocrystals. When this happens, every iridophore cell that hosts these nanocrystals, begins to selectively reflect colors that contain longer wavelengths, particularly yellow, orange and red, explained Milinkovitch in an email to LiveScience. While chameleons are naturally blue, a color that often appears in domestic captivity, due to the nature of terrarium lighting, their skin contains pigments of yellow allowing them to produce the characteristic green color we often associate with reptiles, one that allows them to camouflage safely among trees and plants to easily stalk prey and evade predators.
"The red skin hue does not change dramatically during excitation, but its brightness increases," wrote the researchers in their paper.
Furthermore, the researchers found a deeper and thicker layer of skin cells that reflect a large amount of near-infrared sunlight. While these cells do not appear to change color, it's possible that they help the chameleons reflect heat and stay cool, the researchers said.
In order to study the way in which the iridophore cells behave, the researchers employed several methods. Using high definition video with a macro lens, they were able to record the chameleons' color changes, enough to make numerical models demonstrating the ways in which their nanocrystals reflect any light. As many species bear stripes on their skins, often the stripes would become more pronounced when the lizards were provoked.
"The results are a perfect match with what we observe [in real life]," said Milinkovitch of the videos.
To manipulate the cells directly, the researchers used water solutions both hyper-and hypotonic, which led to their skin cells either swelling or shrinking, altering the visible colors produced by the distance between nanocrystals, fulfilling the researchers' initial predictions.
However, more research remains, in finding out the impact sexual selection may have on color changes, as this trademark behavior only occurs in adult male chameleons, and is often associated with either attracting a female or warding off a potential male rival. Both females as well as juvenile chameleons typically have dull coloration and also a significantly reduced upper layer of iridophore cells, said Milinkovitch.
These discoveries could have some real benefits for both engineers and physicists who attempt to duplicate the chameleon's color-changing methods for new technology. Particularly, the nature of iridophores could be beneficial for developing appliances, such as television sets which don't attract a glare from window panes.


Purnaa's Drawstring Bag is made from 100% GOTS certified organic cotton. Perfect for all ages, this bag is strong and can also be worn as a cross body bag.
Machine wash cold with similar colours. Hang dry or tumble dry on cool. Please use an environmentally friendly detergent, free from optical whiteners and phosphates, in order to minimize negative environmental impact.
Price is based on an order of 72 pieces or more.
Purnaa's Baseball Cap is made from organic cotton twill. Organic cotton is grown without the use of harmful fertilizers or pesticides. Methods of farming organic cotton have a low impact on the environment and use sustainable farming and production processes.
The Indian supplier of this material is Fair Trade Federation and GOTS certified. The dye they use is fiber reactive, AZO-free and low impact. This supplier has a transparent, vertical supply chain and they are committed to fair labor standards.
After receiving the material in the factory it is cut using an electronic fabric saw. The bags are made using only large piece of canvas. Leather pieces are sewn onto each corner before a hole is punched through and grommets are attached. Lastly the drawstring is threaded through the holes. We use the Toyota system at Purnaa which is more flexible, adaptable and gives sewers more opportunity to train in different areas of production.
Purnaa products are printed in Colorado Springs, USA by a dedicated team of screen printers who've been in the business for decades. All ink that is used is phthalate free.
Price is based on an order of 500 drawstring bags FOB Kathmandu.
This garment is 100% made in Nepal.
Price per Drawstring Bag with 1 color print including shipping to the US.
Purnaa's Tote Bag is made from 100% GOTS certified organic cotton. Cleaning & Washing: Machine wash cold with similar colours. Hang dry or tumble dry on cool. Please use an environmentally friendly detergent, free from optical whiteners and phosphates, in order to minimize negative environmental impact. Length: 13 ¾" Width: 15" Strap length: 28" Price is based on an order of 72 pieces or more.
Purnaa's Unisex Tee is made from 100% GOTS certified organic cotton. It's available in blue, grey and black from sizes XS-XXL. Sizes are based on standard American measurements. Cleaning & Washing: Machine wash cold with similar colours. Hang dry or tumble dry on cool. Please use an environmentally friendly detergent, free from optical whiteners and phosphates, in order to minimize negative environmental impact. Price is based on an order of 144 pieces or more.
Purnaa's Beanie is made from 95% GOTS certified organic cotton and 5% spandex. Available in one-size in 3 colors. Cleaning & Washing: Machine wash cold with similar colours. Hang dry or tumble dry on cool. Please use an environmentally friendly detergent, free from optical whiteners and phosphates, in order to minimize negative environmental impact. Opening width 10 ¾" Length 10 ½" Price is based on an order of 72 or more.
Purnaa's Baseball Cap is made from 100% GOTS certified organic cotton. It's available in one-size in blue or black. 22" circumference Cleaning & Washing: Machine wash cold with similar colours. Hang dry or tumble dry on cool. Please use an environmentally friendly detergent, free from optical whiteners and phosphates, in order to minimize negative environmental impact. Price is based on an order of 144 or more.


Recently Angela Merkel was warning that peace in Europe could be endangered if an agreement was not reached at the EU summit on how to manage the crisis that has engulfed the euro and the whole of the EU economy. Speaking to the German parliament she said, "No one should think that a further half century of peace and prosperity is assured. It isn't. And that's why I say if the euro fails, Europe will fail, and that mustn't happen." Some of the more serious strategists of capital have even raised the prospect that the euro could break up. The 27 EU leaders on Wednesday night, however, finally produced a three part deal.
On Thursday in Athens during the mass workers' protests we saw the state collaborating with hooligans and provocateurs against the labour movement. What is now required is a political general strike! Here we publish a statement by the Greek Marxists of Marxistiki Foni.
The capture and killing of Colonel Gaddafi has been described in detail by the mass media in all its gory details. With the death of Gaddafi and the taking of Sirte the National Transitional Council is talking about forming a transitional government. The NTC is recognised by the imperialist powers whose interests it represents. However, many ordinary Libyans look with justified mistrust at the NTC and their imperialist backers.
Greece October 19-20: After earth-shattering general strike –what next?
Today (October 19th), the first day of the 48-hour general strike in Greece was sensational. Apart from the government and public utilities workers that participated in the strike massively, hundreds of thousands of workers from the private sector came out on strike for the first time, and also joining the millions of striking workers were tens of thousands of small businesspeople and shopkeepers who closed the shutters to their shops in solidarity.
USA: Wall Street rocked by anti-capitalist protests – time to build a labor party!
Earlier this month Wall Street was rocked by a mass demonstration of over 15,000 people protesting against "corporate greed." The crowd jammed the square and stretched for blocks along Broadway. This unprecedented protest was a manifestation of the mood of anger, bitterness and frustration that has been accumulating for years in American society, which had already previously erupted in the big demonstrations and walkouts in Madison, Wisconsin, culminating in the occupation of the Capitol.
The grounding of the 236m MV Rena on the Astrolabe Reef in the Bay of Plenty exposes the lack of maritime regulation and unpreparedness of the government to respond to such a disaster. This is New Zealand's worst environmental disaster with oil washing up on once pristine beaches destroying both wildlife and important ecosystems.
The world crisis of capitalism has entered a new stage. Rather than recover, several countries are showing features of a depression. This is an unprecedented situation and shows the deep malaise affecting the capitalist system, still reeling from the slump of 2008-9.
The experience of economic planning in South Korea was broadly speaking, similar to that of Taiwan. What most characterises the Korean experience is the prominent role of the chaebols, the giant conglomerates, in developing the economy.
The crisis that has shaken the world economy since 2008 has pushed bourgeois ideologists to desperately seek a solution. They are looking for alternative ways of running their system, seeking to square the circle and maintain capitalism without its inevitable contradictions. As Asia, and China in particular, is doing so well, there is a burgeoning literature about the Chinese model, just as in the past there was so much made of the "Japanese miracle". In Part One of this article Luca Lombardi looks at the experience of Taiwan.
From 9th September to 23rd October, 2011, New Zealand will be the host to the 2011 Rugby World Cup. By all accounts it is shaping up to be a non-event in New Zealand with less than a third of those polled taking an active interest in the event despite rugby being the national sport of New Zealand. This is a far cry from the days when the nation would grind to a halt for international rugby matches involving the All Blacks. This lack of interest in the Rugby World Cup is not only due to the inability of thousands of working class New Zealanders to attend rugby matches but the fundamental change in attitude towards the national game that resulted from the 1981 Springbok Tour.


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Constellation Orion | search
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constellation, in astronomy, any of certain groupings of stars that were imagined—at least by those who named them—to form conspicuous configurations of objects or creatures in the sky. Constellations are useful in assisting astronomers and navigators to locate certain stars. More @Wikipedia
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Orion Constellation: Stars, Myth, and Location (2023)The Orion Constellation is probably one of the most well known and easily recognizable constellations in the night sky, easily spotted even by those who are not star-struck. Also known as the hunter, he stands proudly in the sky with his belt of three stars in a line shining brightly.
Orion Constellation | Facts, Information, History & DefinitionThe constellation of Orion is the 26 th largest constellation in the night sky. Orion spreads out for around 594 square degrees. The constellation of Orion is easy to spot since it is among the brightest constellations. It lies on the celestial equator and it is visible throughout the world. Right Ascension: 5 hours; Declination: +5 degrees
Discovering the Universe Through the Constellation OrionIt's one of the most recognizable constellations in the night sky and can be seen from around the world. The easiest way to find Orion is to go outside on a clear night and look for three bright stars close together in an almost-straight line. These three stars represent Orion's belt.
Orion's Belt: Stars, Myths, Constellation, Facts, Location ...Constellation. Orion's Belt is the most conspicuous feature of the constellation Orion. The Hunter is one of the most recognizable constellations in the sky. Its major stars form a distinctive human figure in the sky that represents the Greek mythical character. The seven brightest stars in Orion outline the Hunter's hourglass-shaped figure.
Orion Constellation (the Hunter): Stars, Facts, Myth, Location ...Orion constellation is one of the brightest and best known constellations in the night sky. It lies on the celestial equator. Orion has been known since ancient times. The constellation is also known as the Hunter, as it is associated with one in Greek mythology.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cuban Mojo is very important when trying to get that Cuban flavor into your meat. Mojo is also another one of those recipes that has a ton of variations depending on what part of the world you are in... I learned this recipe in my Abuela's kitchen many years ago and it has pleased many, many palates along the way. Enjoy!
Mash the garlic, salt, and pepper together with a mortar and pestle.
In a mixing bowl, add the garlic/salt/pepper mixture, oregano, basil, paprika, cumin, onion, sour orange, sherry & olive oil to make a mash -- mix thoroughly.
If you are marinading a large piece of meat just double or triple the recipe amounts depending on your needs.
Inspired by the marinade my Abuela Mima used to make.
Filed Under Sauces & Dressings | Tagged basil, black pepper, cumin, garlic, olive oil, onion, oregano, paprika, sherry, sour orange. Bookmark the permalink.


Can't figure out which necklace to wear on which outfit? The heart-shaped personalized necklace is made from stainless steel without stones. The chain is simply designed which can also be personalized to add a personal gain. Gift to your friend on her special day.


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Arizona-based golf club company PXG selling sets for $5,000
Bob Parsons, the billionaire founder of GoDaddy, is selling his PXG clubs at about $5,000 for the entire set.
Arizona-based golf club company PXG selling sets for $5,000 Bob Parsons, the billionaire founder of GoDaddy, is selling his PXG clubs at about $5,000 for the entire set. Check out this story on azcentral.com: https://azc.cc/1R9Y4Bs
Doug Ferguson, AP Golf Writer Published 5:51 p.m. MT Jan. 5, 2016
Zach Johnson watches his tee shot on the 12th hole during his singles match at the Presidents Cup in South Korea. Johnson is among eight players who have signed to play PXG golf clubs this year.(Photo: AP Photo/Woohae Cho)
KAPALUA, Hawaii - Bob Parsons conducts business to an extreme, and that now includes golf clubs.
The people he hired to build his golf clubs have no limitations and no deadlines. Money is no object, either, and that better be the case for the consumers. Parsons, the billionaire founder of GoDaddy, is selling his PXG clubs at about $5,000 for the entire set.
"Making money is not what I have in mind," Parsons said. "My goal with this is to build some very incredible clubs without regard to cost, without regard to the process. I've been telling people what I'm doing and I've heard many times, 'You're nuts.' That's a very good sign."
Ryan Moore last year became the first PGA Tour to put them in play.
Now, the Scottsdale, Arizona-based company is hopeful of making a big splash in 2016 by signing an additional eight players, men and women, to staff contracts at PXG. Topping the list is British Open champion Zach Johnson, who had been with Titleist his entire PGA Tour career that includes 12 victories and two majors.
Johnson, who is in the field this week at the Hyundai Tournament of Champions, did not want to discuss his switch ahead the announcement at Kapalua. He said in a release that he did not make the change lightly.
"My entire team, from caddie to coach, was part of the discernment process," Johnson said. "We all agree that PXG is undeniably the best equipment to help me achieve my goals on the course."
PXG also signed Billy Horschel, Chris Kirk, James Hahn and Charles Howell III on the PGA Tour, along with Cristie Kerr, Alison Lee and Gerina Piller on the LPGA Tour. Already on board with the clubs were Moore, Rocco Mediate (Champions Tour), Sadena Parks and Beatriz Recari.
Parsons describes himself as a golf fanatic and an equipment junkie. He didn't start playing seriously until he was in his 30s because he was too busy with work, first with Parsons Technologies for 10 years (which he sold in 1994 for $64 million) and then with the GoDaddy Group. He stepped down as GoDaddy executive chairman in 2014, though he remains on the board and is the largest shareholder.
By then, an affinity for golf turned into an addiction.
"It got to the point three or four years before I started the PXG venture that I would spend about $250,000 to $300,000 a year on equipment," he said. "I bought pretty much everything and would hit it. I could tell you which irons, woods and all that … were real and what wasn't. Most of it is gimmicky. You take any manufacturer and they say, 'This will give you an extra 10 yards and 15 yards.' If all that were true, we'd be hitting it a mile-and-a-half."
Eventually, Parsons was intrigued by building his own clubs.
PXG stands for "Parsons Xtreme Golf," though a running joke in the industry is that it also stands for "Ping X-Guys." Among the Ping employees he hired were two engineers, former Bay Hill winner Mike Nicolette and Brad Schweigert, and Parsons turned them loose.
"We have no constraints on our engineers, no cost constraints, no time constraints," Parsons said. "The only they must do is the performance must be there before we release it. … We're using as much technology as we can shake out as long as they conform with USGA rules."
The iron, which has the look of a blade, is a hollow body design that is filled with thermoplastic elastomer that allows for a thinner face. The signature look on the PXG clubs are what appears to be black dots. Those are tungsten alloy screws that enhance the perimeter weighting and increase forgiveness.
"Our iron is one of the few that is made to be adjusted weight-wise," Parsons said. "When the engineers were doing the initial development, they took one of our first prototypes — which was a train wreck — and put weights into it one way. I said, 'That looks good. It's going to be our trademark look.'"
The equipment industry is crowded, and the venture is a risk. Parsons doesn't mind that.
"If we did exactly that TaylorMade and Ping was doing, and Callaway and on and on, we'd get our brains beat out," Parsons said.
He was behind the racy GoDaddy.com ads during the Super Bowl (he said PXG doesn't need to be as outrageous in its marketing). He also caused a sensation in golf circles when he bought what is now Scottsdale National Golf Club and wrote a letter to members outlining bold new rules — no more than 30 rounds a year without bringing a paying guest and a $100 service fee every time a member plays. Those who didn't like the rules were given a refund on their initiation fee.
It was different. But that's what Parsons is all about.
But is there a market for golf clubs that cost $5,000 for a set?
"There are 6.5 million avid golfers in the country, and 4.1 million of the have a household income in excess of $125,000 a year, which means about 2 million have significantly higher than that in household income," he said. "If you ran across a set of clubs that you don't have to change a thing in your game and it would take you down to a 3 (handicap index) and you feel great hitting them … you'd do what you could to buy them."
Cardinals' Larry Fitzgerald purchases stake in Suns
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Former Arizona State football coach Todd Graham named Hawaii football coach


This is the Outer Banks Bear Factory's online store.
The Outer Banks Bear Factory requested a custom online store where their clients can view products and safely place orders. They wanted to extend the Outer Banks experience of building your own bear online so that their customers that built their bear at the factory on the Outer Banks could shop throughout the year for outfits and accessories.
The site was meant to attract children to have a fun online experience shopping for items for their bear. The surfing bear logo as well as the playful factory belt header were custom illustrated and carried throughout the site.
The store experience was easy to use, and the owners could easily add and edit products keeping their offerings fresh for visitors, and announcing holiday specials.


This dip is a great example of how simple everyday ingredients…can come together to make something absolutely delicious….A personal fav!!
A versatile sesame paste, tahini is used in middle eastern cooking….it can be used to make a creamy Hummus, a tangy Yoghurt Tahini sauce, or as a nutty thickener in dips, curries and soups! You can buy a ready jar, or like me…make your own!


The Top Gun actor became the fourth recipient of the group's Entertainment Icon Award at a star-studded gala, following in the footsteps of showbiz icons Douglas Fairbanks, Cary Grant and Frank Sinatra.
Cruise was set to accept his prize from Lewis, but the veteran entertainer fell ill shortly before the event and was taken to hospital to be treated for low blood sugar.
The 86-year-old actor was released from hospital later that evening, according to the New York Post gossip column Page Six.
The evening, which was a toast to Cruise and not a roast, featured speeches from his former co-stars, including A Few Good Men's Kevin Pollak and Jerry Maguire's Cuba Gooding, Jr., as well as performances from Corinne Bailey Rae and Robin Thicke.
Alec Baldwin, who worked with Cruise on new movie musical Rock Of Ages, hosted the celebration at Manhattan's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
The man of the hour turned the evening into a family affair – he brought along his six-year-old daughter Suri and son Connor, 17. However, there was one important person missing – his wife Katie Holmes was in Asia to promote figure-skating show Artistry On Ice.


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Q: Use sdl2-ttf to open a system font Is there a possibility to load a system font using sdl2-ttf. I read the documentation but there seems only the way of loading a font with the full file path. On windows this would be a bit easier than in linux, as you can find the font folder relativly easy, but on Linux this is more of an issue as fonts can be stored in different places (e.g. /usr/share and in the home folder in the font folder). I did not find a reliable way yet to do this under linux, under Windows I find the installation dir of windows and append \font\<name> to it.

A: To display text on Linux you need to go through harfbuzz-ng (for correct text shaping) and fontconfig (for font discovery and substitution), either directly or via a third-party lib such as pango or cairo.
Direct use of ttf files bypasses the font location stack, font substitution stack, correct opentype metadata parsing, it's a partial solution and won't ever work too well.
For example or via pango

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed for groovey application Getting error like :
General error during conversion: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Unable to load class grails.plugin.springsecurity.SpringSecurityUtils due to missing dependency Lgrails/core/GrailsApplication;
[groovyc]
[groovyc] java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Unable to load class grails.plugin.springsecurity.SpringSecurityUtils due to missing dependency Lgrails/core/GrailsApplication;
while building application


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Hats, Regulations and Worldviews
James Tonkowich | ReligionToday.com Columnist | Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Hats do not typically create a buzz in the news, but the hat Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia wore to President Obama's inauguration was an exception. The hat is a replica of the one worn by Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) in a portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger given to him by the Thomas More Society.
Justice Scalia has not said what he had in mind by wearing the hat. Nevertheless, I thought of his hat while reading Michael Gerson's commentary about the Obama administration's "revised" HHS insurance mandate on contraception, abortion drugs, and sterilization.
Thomas More, you may remember from history or the 1966 film "A Man for All Seasons," was Henry VIII's most trusted senior advisor. That is, until he retired somewhat prematurely.
Henry, desiring a divorce that the pope would not grant him and in desperate need of money, proclaimed that he was supreme head of not only England, but of the Church in England as well. This allowed him to thumb his nose at the pope, grant himself a divorce, marry his mistress and plunder churches, monasteries and shrines to enrich the royal treasury.
Thomas More wanted no part of Henry's scheme and would not acknowledge Henry to be head of the Church. So More quietly — without fuss, public statements or press conferences — retired from public life. But that wasn't good enough for Henry who demanded More's and everyone else's ultimate loyalty. More was arrested, imprisoned, tried, and eventually beheaded as a traitor. His last words were, "The king's good servant, but God's first."
In the final analysis, those last words reflect the worldview that separated Henry from Thomas More. In Henry's worldview, the state could demand ultimate loyalty. Once he made the church a department of state, even loyalty to God became loyalty to the state.
By contrast, in Thomas More's worldview, loyalty to the state was at best a distant second to our ultimate loyalty, loyalty to God and Church. In fact, More famously suggested, "Laws could be passed to keep the leader of a government from getting too much power." And they were when the U.S. Constitution was ratified.
But today Obama administration is overstepping constitutional bounds by their insistence that contraception, sterilization, and abortion-inducing drugs be provided free with employee health insurance regardless of the employer's moral and religious objections to these things. As Michael Gerson points out, the newly proposed "compromise" is "a shell game useful only for those who want to deceive themselves."
What, I asked myself, was going through the minds of the people writing these new, but equally objectionable regulations? Gerson hits the bull's eye. "Liberalism, back to John Locke," he writes, "has understood religion to be a fundamentally private matter. It has a difficult time understanding the existence of loyalties outside the law, and often views them as dangerous…"
Exactly. It's not that President Obama, HHS Secretary Sibelius, and their staffs refuse to understand that there is a greater loyalty than loyalty to the state. It's that they can't conceive of a greater loyalty than loyalty to the state. In their worldview, even loyalty to God must be subordinated to the state and its demands.
Richard John Neuhaus, in his book American Babylon, noted, "The political theory and practice of the Western world is the story of a growing [belief in state's control of spiritual and ecclesiastical matters] in which the modern state, brooking no competition from other claims to sovereignty, has attempted to eliminate the 'boundary disputes' between temporal and spiritual authorities."
Neuhaus cited Henry VIII as someone who instituted this idea with a vengeance. And while the Obama administration is not as blatant as Henry, it is seeking to do the very same thing. In this worldview, religion, religious leadership and religious loyalty must bow to the values and dictates of the ruling elite.
Justice Scalia, I'm certain, understands this far better than I do. But as the good folk at the Thomas More Society wrote in response to the interest in the Thomas More hat, "Whether Justice Scalia's hat was meant to say he is a principled man who stands for the virtues so valiantly protected by Sir Thomas More or it was merely worn for warmth on a cold day, the hat has served as an inspiration to those fighting to restore respect in law for life, marriage and religious liberty."
So hats off to Sir Thomas, Justice Scalia and to all others who through history have defended religious liberty and a free conscience against the voracious demands of the City of Man. And where can I get one of those hats?
Publication date: February 6, 2013


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One's Company, Two's a Crowd, and Three's a Party!...
One's Company, Two's a Crowd, and Three's a Party! Three Way Tie at the Top of the Kentucky CCI4*-S
By Kate Lokey - USEA Staff
Tamra Smith and Danito. Erin Gilmore Photo.
There is a three-way tie at the top of the leaderboard after day one of dressage in the inaugural CCI4*-S at the Land Rover Kentucky Three-Day Event presented by MARS Equestrian. Twenty pairs took their turn in the Rolex arena this morning in front of judges Mark Weissbecker and Helen Brettell, with Tamra Smith and Danito securing the early lead on their score of a 28.1. Shortly after, Doug Payne and Starr Witness matched Smith's score, and nearing the end of the division, Elisabeth Halliday-Sharp and Cooley Moonshine also said checkmate, as they claimed the same score of a 28.1.
Smith is the EquiRatings projected winner in the CCI4*-L with Danito, Ruth Bley's 12-year-old Hanoverian gelding (Dancier x Wie Musik), but she left the arena feeling like she could have done better. "I'm disappointed because I expected to always produce a very good test and that's probably one of his lesser tests," she explained. "He's been a little bit extra this week – I mean, it snowed yesterday! But he's still a professional, he still goes in and does all the movements. I had some bobbles. He feels really fresh with the cold air, but he's such a good mover and everything."
Doug Payne and Starr Witness. Erin Gilmore Photo.
Payne on the other hand will take the score of 28.1, saying that Starr Witness (Chello III x Carmen) "was absolutely great, and she put in one of her best tests to date." Payne, who calls Laurie H. Mc Ree, Catherine Winter, and his own 10-year-old KWPN mare "Ginja," said that she "is still pretty new to the whole situation. She did get the opportunity to go to the Pan American Games in 2019, but that was probably two years after she started eventing, so I still feel like we're just getting there – where she's just really aware of what's happening, so sometimes that's a challenge because she can be a bit green about things. But she's a super genuine horse, crazy talented, obviously athletically, and in the barn, personality, she's just always looking for another biscuit, she's hungry as anything – big momma needs to eat," he laughed.
This is the first time Starr Witness has been in the Rolex arena, but Payne has been practicing at jumper shows at the Tryon International Equestrian Center in their large arenas, which he feels is a big advantage.
Elisabeth Halliday-Sharp and Cooley Moonshine. Erin Gilmore Photo.
Last to match the score of a 28.1 was Halliday-Sharp and The Monster Partnership's 9-year-old Irish Sport Horse (Cobra x Kilpatrick Duchess) Cooley Moonshine. "This is a huge amount of atmosphere for a young horse, and he can be a little bit hot, he's a very blood horse, but he tries really hard. I was thrilled with his trot work, he got a little tense in the walk and the canter, and that's a work in progress, but he tried really hard for me and he's going to be a proper superstar I think." Halliday-Sharp has had the horse since he was 5 years old, so she knows him well, and is looking forward to the challenge on Saturday across Derek di Grazia's CCI4*-S cross-country test.
Leslie Law and QC First Class. Erin Gilmore Photo.
Leslie Law and QC First Class, Beatrice Rey-Herme's 10-year-old Oldenburg gelding (Fuerstenball OLD x Laguna) were the only other pair to break into the 20s with a 28.5.
Boyd Martin and Luke 140. Erin Gilmore Photo.
Luke 140, the syndicate-owned 10-year-old Holsteiner gelding (Landos x Omega VI) ridden by Boyd Martin round out the top five with a 31.1.
The CCI4*-S division will reconvene on Friday at 7:45 a.m. with 25 horses left to go, but this afternoon, all eyes will be watching the CCI5*-L division, kicking off at 12:23 p.m. with New Zealand rider Jonelle Price and The Grape Syndicate's Grappa Nera.
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Introducing the New Modified Rider Division at the 2023 AEC Get a Taste of Eventing with the New Event Horse Program The VIP Volunteer: Julie Murray Announcing the 2023 Intercollegiate Eventing Program Team Challenge Calendar Believing In Your Program and Yourself with 2022 RevitaVet USEA Young Rider of the Year Cassie Sanger New Membership Opportunity for Participants of the Volunteer Incentive Program 2023 Interscholastic Eventing League Team Challenge Calendar Now Available Volunteering in the Vet Box with Lauren Nethery Leading YEH Horses of 2022 USEA Podcast #324: What a Year it Has Been!


This course is highly recommended if you plan on working with others on a larger scale, personally or professionally. In this four-day workshop you experience the next level of freedom. The condition for participation is that you have first followed the Basic Workshop.
If both the supporting and the obstructive beliefs are true in your subconscious mind, a conflict is created which leads to even more frustration, because you want to, but you can't … comparable to keeping one foot on the accelerator and the other foot simultaneously on the brake. Then you lose all your energy end you become exhausted. That is why this balance lays down a foundation in your life, and this both at a mental, emotional, physical and spiritual level. A must for everyone.
You learn how to use 12 'energy points' in the body, which have been derived from the ancient Chinese acupuncture. Each point represents an important belief and provides valuable information about how those beliefs obstruct you in certain situations. Through these points, your beliefs are easily accessible and they are also easy to change. In most cases, it's just a matter of seconds!
The 'trauma of birth' and 'fear of death' are two powerful aspects of human existence. This Balance uses breathing to reprogramme the restrictive impact of those influences on our lives. The breathing between two power centres in the body teaches you to transform the stress related to the experience of your birth and your perception of 'death'.
Substitution enables you to perform PSYCH-K® with someone who cannot participate. For example, someone who is physically incapacitated, someone who is not physically present or someone who is too young. In the process, we create a connection between the Higher Conscious Mind of that person and that of a willing substitute. Substitution can also be used for helping friends, family members, and also for loved ones who are no longer in the physical world, and non-human life forms (such as pets and other animals).
This Balance helps two persons to better understand each other and to transform personal issues with others. This offers a better perspective of the value of the relationships between parents, children, married couples, friends and lovers. Also for professional relationships, this Balance is a must in communication. This Balance encourages a state of 'full brain' when one sees, hears, or senses the presence of the other.
This is a Balance for effective communication. At best, 'Report' includes trust and respect. This enables people to communicate openly and honestly. You learn how you can create a deep feeling of trust and security with others in just a couple of minutes, both by verbal and non-verbal communication.
A safe and effective procedure that enables you to aim your energy with great focus and clear intention at a Realisation point. The purpose is quickly and easily to transform subconscious beliefs.
An extraordinary energetic experience in a group. This is your chance to experience the great effects of concentrated, unconditional love!
Take the next step in the PSYCH-K® method and throw all the excess ballast in your life overboard. Please feel free to contact me for more information about the Advanced Workshop.


She has taught online since 2003. This is about her online classes.
Not being able to get good notes. She chose white letters and deep blue background. It is hard to read it. This is hard to follow because of that.
Apparently I missed the announcement that says you need to say what you are going to tell the audience. I know that is more normal in social sciences, but I've never seen it before in an English conference.
She uses Skype and Tegrity.
Her materials come in three formats: text, audio, and video. Oh my goodness! I cannot imagine going over this stuff three times.
She got a theater colleague to read the essay aloud as one of her text presentations.
What level of professionalism is required for movie itself?
Is it okay if it is blurry? if it's dark? if the light is flourescent?
Is the teaching enough? Are the students looking for something else?
Does the poor video quality impact the instructor's professional image?
Does the background, dress, etc impact the instructor's professional image?
You need a shooting checklist.
Technical issues for putting the video on the web. It takes a lot of space. Institutional limits can be a problem.
Will the student like it? Will the student view it?
It's a good thing that their third person didn't show up.
Do you dress up? Do you pay attention to colors? Does it matter?
The first 3 minute introduction to my students took 5 hours.
Know your equipment and your software.
Won't even call the help desk. This is an issue related to my talk.
At CCTE this year, I attended a presentation by the UT Computer Writing Lab on using Google Maps for research projects in composition.
Blogger Frank Taylor recently wrote about homemade street views, a cool Google Earth trick that could be an intriguing online news tool.
"[Ho] has been waiting for signs Google would bring Street View to Taiwan, but finally couldn't wait any longer. So, he spent a few days making his own street view panoramas for National Taiwan University's campus.
Since I am having to teach my students how to type, I am not sure I'm going to be able to implement the Google Maps research project anytime soon. But it is a cool idea.
The Math Curmudgeon was talking to a student about an online course.
Go read what the conversation sounded like.
Then come back and tell me if you have had that experience with online courses. I'm very interested.
Posted on March 24, 2009 Categories Online Education1 Comment on Online courses: Too easy?
It starts with an interesting premise "I've returned to the university as an online student after a 33-year absence from academia." Since I've been thinking more about online teaching (and will be taking a class in order to be an online teacher), I was very interested in that for reasons other than sociology.
But his discussion of sociology was interesting too.
Sociology is less of a "science" than a cult, or even a belief system that has underlying assumptions, such as the assumption that "the system," particularly the capitalist variety, is inherently unfair, and that our society is replete with victims who are being treated unfairly, i.e. various racial groups, feminism etc.
It is an interesting discussion and a description I have not come across in academia before. I wonder how many of my sociology students would agree with it.
Then it goes into why sociology is evil.
Dr. Sunny Jiang Schultz of Lee College spoke on the topic of "The Byte is Mightier than the Pen" on Friday, March 6, at CCTE's State of the Profession at UT-Austin's AT&T Conference Center.
She spent less than twenty minutes talking about her online classes versus her traditional classes for the same course, though she has a significantly longer paper available. However, in that time, she managed to convince me that online courses have great potential to be better composition courses.
She did a comparison of completed assignments between her traditional (f2f) and online (net) classes.
Another aspect of her presentation that I especially appreciated was her discussion of how she works with her students to make sure that they are prepared for and committed to an online course. She provides a week and a half for the students to complete a very detailed online orientation. If they do not finish that, she drops them. If they aren't committed, they won't be able to do the course and both they and she will know it right away.
Online education offers the students the opportunity to work around their personal and professional lives while still getting an education because they can take advantage of learning opportunities at a time that is appropriate for them.
The need to juggle competing schedules is eliminated. Students will not be faced, as my son was this semester, with three required classes all offered at the same time.
Students who are geographically isolated can use online courses to complete their education.
Students can receive a better education. While some perceive face-to-face courses as more rigorous, traditional classrooms often have fewer writing assignments (Schultz). This is because an online class is conducted through online writing. Since one of the goals of an education is to learn to communicate effectively, this aspect of online education can only be considered beneficial.
Working online can also potentially save time. One teacher compared her traditional and online classes. When she put all her class-related time together, she spent 234 minutes per student online and 441 minutes per student in face-to-face classes (Thomas).
Online education offers a significant cost savings when classes are not using the physical campus. My college offered eleven different English courses online in the fall of 2008, which meant over forty classes did not meet in classrooms.
The college has students attending, and paying fees, from all over the state because students do not have to live nearby to attend. This means an increase in revenue.
At a time when the economy is problematic and an education is more important than ever, online classes can benefit everyone involved.


god this game was so goooooood!!!
but YOU HURT MY FEELINGS ;W; !
I srsly love the game!
Dare Found all the ending!!
Just kidding, it's beautiful as is.
such a lovely and creepy game. Nice drawing!
aaaaaaah this was such a good game great artwork!
It's called Dreaming Mary, but be warned, it references VERY dark topics.


It's not often that a local estate agent gets to feel like one of the emergency services, but when one family was stranded a few years ago by the volcanic ash cloud over Iceland, Brewer and Brewer mobilised to help.
As owner, Keith Brewer, recalls, Nigel and Sara and their three children were both buying and selling through his offices and had taken a holiday just before they were due to complete and move in.
And step in Brewers did. They moved house for Nigel, Sara and their children.
And the result? The five-strong family came home from their holiday to a whole NEW home!
To read more, you can find out how the Bournemouth Echo picked up on the story right here.


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> News > New Homes > Raising the roof
St. Vital home sits higher, has eco-friendly features and is functional
By: Todd Lewys
JOE BRYKSA / WINNIPEG FREE PRESS/49 Crystal Ave.
It's easy to walk through a show home and take its design for granted.
What prospective buyers don't see is all the effort that went into that design.
"When I build a home, I always think about the overall process," said Cal Dueck of Dueck Homes.
"To me, a home not only has to look good and flow well, but also has to be eco-friendly and come with allergy-prevention measures."
His latest design is a 1,500-square-foot home built on a 40-foot by 112-foot lot at 49 Crystal Ave. in St. Vital. With only a modest amount of lot width to work with, Dueck chose to build a 1.5-storey home, with a twist.
"This is actually a raised 1.5-storey design. The house is higher out of the ground than normal to accommodate the insulated concrete forms (ICF) in the basement.
"We put in a huge 54-inch by 32-inch window on the front wall and a 32-inch by 32-inch window in on the back wall," he said.
"There's also a big window in the bedroom. The result is a lower level that's flooded with tons of natural light."
The lower level (which has 950 sq. ft. of liveable space) is notable for several other features, which provide superior insulation and sound dampening. First, the floor covering is cork rather than carpet. Second, while the floor beneath the cork is cement, it's no ordinary floor.
"We put poly-iso insulation under the cork for two reasons. It not only warms up the floor but also helps seal it to prevent radon gas from seeping into the basement," he said.
"The result is the floor is warm and has a different look with the cork. And because there's a main-floor laundry upstairs, we put in a small laundry room downstairs. That made for extra space, which was put into the two bedrooms and the rec room."
Head up to the main level and you get the same feel as downstairs. The great room area is surrounded by huge windows, while an open-concept floor plan -- with the kitchen placed at the rear of the room -- offers excellent flow.
That space is not only surrounded by features that add style and utility, but by eco-friendly materials.
Meanwhile, the galley kitchen - with its four-foot-plus-wide aisle, is efficient and fetching.
"I think it made sense to put the kitchen at the back of the area to maximize space in the great room for a dining area and living room/media area. We went with sienna (cinnamon-tinted) cabinets because they had a warm look and didn't have a lot of grain. There's enough grain in the ash hardwoods," he said. "There's also a corner pantry, a raised eating nook and plenty of counter and cabinet space."
The master bedroom is on the main floor. Thanks to that, a couple can raise a family and then live in the home well into their twilight years. Having the master suite on the main floor enhances privacy because the secondary bedrooms are upstairs.
"It's a good-sized space (almost 13 feet by 12 feet) that is six feet above ground level due to having the high basement," said Dueck.
"There's all kinds of natural light due to a huge window on the front wall and there's tons of room for a bed and furniture. We put in a four-piece ensuite with a cork floor, soaker tub and sienna maple vanity next to the bedroom and then placed the walk-in closet further away for allergy-prevention purposes."
Other features include R30 walls in the great room, two inches of insulation around the footing and eco toilets that use 1.2 litres of water per flush.
"We also used wood web I joists, which are more fire-resistant than (glued) engineered I joists," he said. "And we also put in six-inch baseboards and door/window trim for character and German-sourced doors with seals and stainless handles for better sound suppression. We're really pleased with how the home turned out."
lewys@mts.net
BUILDER: Dueck Homes
ADDRESS: 49 Crystal Ave., St. Vital
STYLE: Raised 1.5-storey
PRICE: $465,000 (including lot & GST)
CONTACT: Ron Derksen, RE/MAX Profes
sionals @ (204) 477-0500
OPEN HOUSE: Today, 1-3 p.m.
48 West Plains Drive
194 Collegiate Street
756 Norwood Road


Below is a list of all animal-related visitor attractions in South East England (and adjacent counties). This list is sorted alphabetically by attraction name. Click on the attraction's name to see full details.


Significant foreign investments in the Asia-Pacific region by leading manufacturers in the powder coating market overwrites the previous slow-growth story.
The design elements' dichotomy creates an iconic exterior that honors the contrast between city life and nature, and would not have been possible without the fierce color matching process provided by Valspar.
The architects knew they needed the variety of panels to work together and find a coating that would retain the many different individual colors for years to come and preserve the integrity of the mosaic.
Who Won Tank of the Year?
For almost 50 years, Tnemec Company Inc. has supplied coatings and linings for water storage tanks, protecting them from corrosion, ultraviolet light degradation and exterior weathering. In 2006, to celebrate water tank coating projects around the world, Tnemec created the annual Tank of the Year contest.
Color Spotlight: Why So Blue?
Blue is everywhere and universally loved. But this hue was apparently invisible for most of human history.
Tips on how to get started and advance your career in the coatings industry.
A former office building once occupied by federal employees is enjoying a renaissance as an innovative residential development designed with young entrepreneurs and tech workers in mind.
A closer look at red reveals a long and vivid history – and perhaps some interesting facts that may bug you.


text:
permalink for this search
S P E C I A L C O L L E C T I O N
Civil Rights Challenges to Trump Refugee/Visa Order
President Trump has issued a series of Executive Orders relating to immigration and refugee policy. The first order on refugees, available here, totally barred admission into the United States of all nationals of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen--including those who are already legal green card holders and already here. Legal challenges ensued immediately. The original Executive Order was placed on hold when in States of Washington and Minnesota v. Trump the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington granted a temporary injunction against its operation, and on Feb. 9, the 9th Circuit refused to stay that injunction.
In response, the President on March 6, 2017, rescinded the refugee order and replaced it with a somewhat narrower one, available here. The new order faced immediate challenge, as well; the first case to attack it was Hawaii v. Trump. In that case, on March 15, the federal district court enjoined operation of the Executive Order. Hawaii's injunction was quickly followed by a second one, entered in IRAP v. Trump, in the District of Maryland. Both were affirmed on appeal by the 9th Circuit and the 4th Circuit, respectively. On June 1, 2017, the Trump administration took the matter to the Supreme Court, seeking a stay of both injunctions, and certiorari review. The Court granted cert., scheduling oral argument on the merits for October 10, 2017. In the meantime, the Court declined to stay most of the lower courts' injunction, but did narrow the preliminary injunctions to protect only would-be visitors/immigrants to the U.S. with a "bona fide relationship" with a U.S. person or entity. On June 29, 2017, the Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security issued several public documents explaining that the administration would interpret a qualifying "bona fide relationship" to exclude many relatives - fiancés, grandparents/grandchildren, siblings-in-law, and others. The federal government also explained its view that the relationship between a refugee and a sponsoring resettlement agency would not be sufficient to establish a qualifying "bona fide relationship" under this interpretation.
For the next two months, the federal government and plaintiffs continued to battle about the scope and meaning of "bona fide relationship" under the Supreme Court's narrowed injunction. Meanwhile, the travel ban imposed by the second Executive Order expired on September 24, 2017. That same day, the Trump Administration signed a proclamation, available here, indefinitely restricting travel from the following eight countries: Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen. The Supreme Court cancelled the October 8 hearing and asked the parties to file new briefs in light of the proclamation, addressing specifically whether the September 24 proclamation and the 90-day ban's expiration rendered the instant case moot. On October 10, 2017, the Supreme Court determined that the appeal no longer presented a live case or controversy, and remanded it to the circuit courts to dismiss the underlying challenges as moot.
Plaintiffs quickly resumed litigation in the federal district courts. On October 17, 2017, the district courts in both Hawaii v. Trump and IRAP v. Trump enjoined the Trump administration from enforcing its new proclamation nationwide. The federal government immediately appealed both orders and moved to stay the district courts' injunctions pending appeal. In Hawaii v. Trump, the Ninth Circuit is set to hear oral argument on the federal government's motion to stay the district court's injunction on December 6, 2017. In IRAP v. Trump (now consolidated with Iranian Alliances Across Borders v. Trump and Zakzok v. Trump), the Fourth Circuit is set to hear oral argument on the government's motion to stay the district court's injunction on December 8, 2017. More details and the documents are available at the links above.
Dozens of cases were filed against the original executive order; many have continued, after amendment, to challenge the newest version. We have incorporated the principal cases into the Clearinghouse. We've also posted a spreadsheet of the cases, here. Please note: The information in the list is pulled from the federal court's electronic docket system, PACER--it is preliminary and partial, and may have errors.
This page collects challenges the refugee/visa order. For cases challenging immigration enforcement orders, go to this page. And for Freedom of Information Act litigation against the Trump administration, including a great deal of litigation relating to immigration and border enforcement, go to this page.
Permalink to this Collection | Clearinghouse Search Page
The below cases represent a special subset of the full Clearinghouse collection.
Your search returned 38 results Save Search As:
1 Muslim Advocates v. U.S. Department of Justice
3:18-cv-02137-JSC (N.D. Cal.)
Filed 2018 - Case Ongoing
Immigration and/or the Border
IM-CA-0118
Coding Complete
2 Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
3:18-cv-00428 (S.D. Cal.)
3 S.A. v. Trump
3:18-cv-03539-LB (N.D. Cal.)
4 Teneng v. Trump
5:18-cv-01609 (C.D. Cal.)
Prison Conditions
5 Emami v. Nielsen
3:18-cv-01587-JD (N.D. Cal.)
United States Department of Homeland Security
6 Darweesh v. Trump [voluntarily dismissed]
1:17-cv-00480 (E.D.N.Y.)
Filed 2017 - Closed 2017
Presidential Authority
IM-NY-0053
7 Louhghalam v. Trump
17-cv-10154 (D. Mass.)
IM-MA-0007
8 Vayeghan v. Kelly
17-0702 (C.D. Cal.)
9 Aziz v. Trump
1:17-cv-116 (E.D. Va.)
IM-VA-0004
10 Doe v. Trump [voluntarily dismissed]
17-cv-00126 (W.D. Wash.)
IM-WA-0027
11 Azad v. Trump
Filed 2017 - Closed
12 Sarsour v. Trump
1:17-cv-00120 (E.D. Va.)
13 Ali v. Trump
2:17-cv-00135 (W.D. Wash.)
14 States of Washington & Minnesota v. Trump
15 "People of the U.S. and State of California" v. Trump
3:17-cv-00451 (N.D. Cal.)
16 Arab American Civil Rights League (ACRL) v. Trump
2:17-cv-10310 (E.D. Mich.)
IM-MI-0004
17 Mohammed v. Trump
2:17-cv-00786-AB-PLA (C.D. Cal.)
18 Asali v. DHS [voluntarily dismissed]
5:17-cv-00447 (E.D. Pa.)
IM-PA-0014
19 Azimi v. Trump [Voluntarily dismissed]
1:17-cv-00096 (W.D.N.Y.)
20 Al-Mowafak v. Trump
21 Al Homssi v. Trump [voluntarily dismissed]
1:17-cv-00801 (N.D. Ill.)
IM-IL-0019
22 Zadeh v. Trump [voluntarily dismissed]
1:17-cv-00243 (D.D.C.)
IM-DC-0025
23 State of Hawaii v. Trump
1:17-cv-00050 (D. Haw.)
IM-HI-0004
24 Asgari v. Trump [voluntarily dismissed]
1:17-cv-10182 (D. Mass.)
25 Unite Oregon v. Trump [administratively closed]
3:17-cv-00179 (D. Or.)
IM-OR-0005
- top of page -


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Home / Anarchists who turned to the Bolsheviks - Nick Heath
Kalandarishvili, Nestor Alexandrevitch, 1876-1922
Nick Heath's short biography of Nestor Kalandarishvili, a high profile anarchist who defected to the Bolsheviks.
3. The other Nestor
One of the odd circumstances of history is that during the Russian Revolution and Civil War, there existed two brilliant anarchist guerilla leaders both with the first name of Nestor. Whilst Makhno fought in the Ukraine, the other fought at the other end of the Soviet Union. Whilst Makhno acquired the name of Batko (Little Father) the other acquired that of Grandpa. Both had private meetings with Lenin and both were awarded the elite military medal the Order of the Red Banner by the Bolshevik government. Both Nestors fought under black banners, both inscribed with the identical motto "Anarchy is the Mother of Order". Both the guerilla groups of the two Nestors used similar tactics, retreating where necessary, dispersing, and then regrouping and attacking from the rear. Whilst Makhno was buried in Paris near the memorial to the martyrs of the Paris Commune, the other Nestor was buried at the foot of a mountain named after them.
There the similarities end. Whilst Makhno was not taken in by the smooth talk of Lenin and maintained his anarchist positions, the other Nestor was unable to resist. Whilst Makhno was short and smooth shaven, the other Nestor was tall and strapping with a full flowing beard.
Nestor Kalandarishvili was born in the village of Shemokmedi in Ozurgetskogo county of Kutaisi Province of Georgia, into a family of impoverished nobility on 26th June 1876. Besides him, the family has another son and three daughters.
At the age of eight Nestor went to the village school. At the insistence of the teacher there who saw a boy of outstanding ability and attraction to education, Nestor was sent to study in Kutaisi Gymnasium, thanks to the financial help of wealthier relatives. After High School he entered the Tbilisi (Tiflis) seminary, from where in 1895 he was called up for two years Army service in the Tbilisi Vladimir Infantry Regiment. Demobilized, Nestor continued his studies, and in 1900 came under the influence of Social Revolutionaries (SRs) who had studied at the seminary.
In 1903 he was expelled from the seminary for revolutionary activity, which included agitational work among soldiers. In the same year, Nestor finished illegal military training in an SR combat group. After leaving Tbilisi, he went to Batumi, where he taught for some time to teach, and then worked in a factory owned by the Rothschilds. By 1904 he was disillusioned with the SRs and joined the Georgian Socialist-Federalists, a nationalist socialist organisation. As a member of its combat brigades, he participated in the Batumi uprising in November 1905, and after its defeat hid in Kutaisi. Here he worked as an actor in the local theatre. By now Nestor had developed anarchist communist positions and was one of thirty Georgians who set up an Anarchist Federation. In his memoirs he talks about beginning the underground revolutionary life with its "charm", hiding, climbing through pipes, and jumping over fences!
He now was involved in guerilla attacks on gendarmes, landlords and the punitive detachments sent out throughout Russia after the initial uprisings of 1905 and took part in expropriations. He was arrested on several occasions in all the major cities of Georgia, Batumi, Kutaisi, Sukhumi and Tbilisi, but was always released for lack of evidence. In late 1907 after the bloody crushing of the Gulgule (Guriyskom) peasant uprising he was arrested and exiled to eastern Siberia, leaving behind a wife and two daughters.
In eastern Siberia he made contacts with exiled Georgian and Ossetian anarchists working in the mines around Cheremhovo village. He worked as a photographer and actor. He was arrested three times in this period, including for suspected involvement in an assassination attempt on Governor-General Sinelnikov. Each time he was freed for lack of evidence.
He participated in the February Revolution. He and sixty other anarchists formed a squad and took part in the crushing of the Junker uprising against the revolution in Siberia on December 17th. The following April the 1st Irkutsk cavalry division (anarchist-communists) under his command arrived at the front to fight against the White forces of Ataman Semenov. Kalandarishvili was thus involved in the development of a strong anarchist fighting force, which was reinforced by people fleeing from the Whites and the forces of foreign intervention. This group grew to the size of an entire division. Three years of fighting against the White forces of Semenov, Kappel and Ungern took place with Kalandarishvili moving across the whole of eastern Siberia. He developed a reputation as one of the most famous guerilla commanders, with the nickname of Grandpa as a result of his huge flowing beard. From February to July 1918 he commanded the troops of the central board of the Workers and Soldiers Deputies (TsentroSibiri). In October 1918 he suffered a defeat and retreated over the border to Mongolia with 800 troops and 12 machine guns.
In March 1919 the Communist Party leadership in Irkutsk approached him to talk about cooperation. This was initially rejected by Kalandarishvili. The Communist leadership then promised him funds, supplies, arms and soldiers and this lured him into cooperation. That spring and summer the forces of Kalandarishvili engaging in guerilla attacks to the west of Irkutsk and the forces of the White Admiral Kolchak put the sum of 40,000 rubles on his head. In September 1919, the squad moved to the north of Irkutsk and began to sweep the Whites out of the area. Thousands of anarchist were involved in guerilla groups throughout Siberia in groups like those of Kalandarishvili, fighting the forces of the various White leaders and the Japanese interventionists. By early January 1920 Soviet power had been established in Irkutsk, due in many ways to the efforts of the Kalandarishvili division. He continued to hold important military positions and in 1921 he was invited by Lenin to attend a private meeting with him in Moscow.
After the meeting Kalandarishvili declared that he was no longer an anarchist communist and was now a Bolshevik communist and proceeded to join the Party. Lenin gave him supreme command of the armed forces in the Far East and he assumed the right to appoint and dismiss guerilla commanders. He was in charge of Korean revolutionary forces and he began a clamp down on the independence of the anarchist guerilla bands by disarming and dissolving the Sakhalin Regiment, made up of Korean anarchists, because they had refused to recognize their new commanding officer appointed by the Bolsheviks, a former White officer in Ataman Semenov's army!! Kalandarishvili became increasingly autocratic and authoritarian.
In January 1922 with a group of 300 troops he began operations against a White gang in Yakutia. He and his GHQ numbering fifty were ambushed and killed at 33 km from Yakutsk on March 6th. He was buried on 2nd April 1922 in Yakutsk and on September 17th of the same year was reburied in Irkutsk at the foot of mount Kommunarov.
Various theories exist on the death of Kalandarishvili, with the straightforward one that he died as a result of White action, whilst other historians implicate local Bolsheviks, with or without the involvement of the Bolshevik triumvirate of Yakutia, who were concerned about his political reliability or envious that their positions were being threatened by him. The Bolsheviks on a central level had conducted a considerable charm offensive to win him with praise, the supply of arms and money as well as the awarding of the Order of the Red Banner medal and this proved to be stronger than Kalandarishvili's political integrity. In death, as with Zhelezhniakov and others, he was integrated into the Bolshevik state iconography with collective farms and streets named after him throughout the Soviet Union.
Image of Kalandarishvili thanks to http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kalandar.jpg
Sources include
Anarchist Georgia in the early twentieth century http://ilyapol.livejournal.com/1399.html
Nestor Kalandarishvili http://www.molodejka.ru/index.asp?id=4866&n=5508
And http://www.politjournal.ru/index.php?action=Articles&dirid=50&tek=8067&issue=217
‹ Geytsman, Ilya, 1874/1879-1938 up
Anarchists who turned to the Bolsheviks - Nick Heath
Akashev, Konstantin Vasielievitch, 1888-1931
Geytsman, Ilya, 1874/1879-1938
jambo1
thanks for posting this, not one i am at all familiar with.he must have been the beardiest of all the beardies.!!
What's with the ongoing shit list? I know dozens of these stories - all depressing as shit. Your series doesn't begin to capture the sleaziness of some of these conversions.
Nov 4 2012 16:53
mikail firtinaci
Thanks for the article. It was very interesting. Being an old anarchist communist and now a left communist who defend proletarian aspects of Bolsevhism this article erosed very different emotions in me, unlike the commenters and the writer. This was a very encouraging article for me in the sense that it showed even the worst and at first sight unbrigable 'hostilities' between internationalist revolutionary tendencies, can be overcome in the struggle.
I hope you wont go crazy with that comment - I said so because I knew I would when I was an anarchist.
iam georgian and i didnt know these guy!thanks!
We had the best of you, indeed, but also Kalandarishvili's death under mysterious circumstances raises a whole raft of issues about being chummy with Bolsheviks which you have conveniently ignored ( and K. was not the only anarchist who chummed up to Bolshevism who all of a sudden died mysteriously on the front)
cloudtrapezer
Oct 31 2013 00:53
Is there any evidence whatsoever for the theory that he was killed by the Bolsheviks?
See here for a resume of theories about his death including one that he was killed by the local Bolshevik troika. THrre have been quite a few articles in Russian on the circumstances of his death in the last 20 years.
http://sakhalife.ru/node/11169