text:
\section{Introduction}

The configurational entropy (CE) is a measure of information entropy that designates the compression of data and the coding process by any source. The CE quantifies the portion of information encoded into probability distributions underlying the description of physical systems \cite{gs12a,gs12b}. The CE reckons at the Gibbs--Boltzmann entropy, addressing the measure of disorder in (discrete) physical systems. The analog formulation for continuum systems can be implemented by the differential configurational entropy (DCE) \cite{Gleiser:2018kbq,Gleiser:2018jpd,Stephens:2019tav,Bernardini:2016hvx}, whose critical points specify the precise microstates, in the momentum space, which have the higher configurational stability, also designating the most dominant wave state(s) occupied \cite{Gleiser:2015aav,PRDgleiser-graham}. The DCE is a pliable tool for recognizing pattern formation and has been utilized for analyzing a sort of physical systems, including the Hawking--Page transition regulated by a critical configurational instability \cite{Braga:2019jqg,Lee:2021rag}. Refs. \cite{Braga:2020opg,Braga:2017fsb,Braga:2020hhs,Braga:2020myi} employed the DCE to
study bottomonia and charmonia in AdS/QCD, whose stability in a plasma within the influence of magnetic fields was scrutinized in Ref. \cite{Braga:2021fey}. Other aspects of the DCE in AdS/QCD were revealed in Refs. \cite{Braga:2021zyi}.
Phase transitions in this context were shown to be promoted by the DCE \cite{Lee:2017ero}.
A variety of stellar distributions were explored in the DCE setup, \cite{Fernandes-Silva:2019fez,Gleiser:2013mga,Gleiser:2015rwa}.
 Using the DCE, the mass spectra of hadronic and baryonic states were computed in AdS/QCD models \cite{Bernardini:2018uuy,Braga:2018fyc,daRocha:2021ntm,Barbosa-Cendejas:2018mng,Ferreira:2020iry,Colangelo:2018mrt,Karapetyan:2020yhs,k2,k4,Karapetyan:2018yhm,Karapetyan:2018oye,Karapetyan:2021vyh,Karapetyan:2021crv,Karapetyan:2017edu,Alves:2020cmr}.
Besides, the DCE addressed (topological) field theories \cite{Bazeia:2018uyg,Bazeia:2021stz}. One can use the DCE to take into
account the underlying information aspects regarding physical models presenting localized energy configurations \cite{Thakur:2020sko}. The DCE approach can be also used to scrutinize
several non-linear scalar field models and to circumvent intricacies with degenerate energy configurations, selecting
the best configuration from the informational point of view \cite{Gleiser:2020zaj}.
 Turbulent aspects of the gravitational gravitational collapse massless scalar field in asymptotically AdS spacetime were studied under the DCE apparatus in Refs. \cite{Barreto:2022ohl,Barreto:2022len}.

On investigating the dynamics of some scalar fields, topological solutions emerge, encompassing domain walls and kinks, with applications in several ramifications of nonlinear systems, from high-energy physics to condensed matter physics. Topological defects can describe
phase transitions in the early universe, mapping interfaces separating distinct
regions and also contributing to pattern formation \cite{Dunne,spain}. A topological defect sets in whenever boundary conditions of equations of motion that govern a physical system yield homotopically distinct solutions. When the boundary has a non-trivial homotopy group, which is preserved in differential equations, their solutions are therefore topologically distinct, being classified by their homotopy class. Topological defects are stable not just with respect to small perturbations, however, they can neither decay nor disentangle, since there do not exist continuous mappings between them and the trivial solution.
Topological defects can be evinced in relativistic models described by a
real scalar field $\upphi$ in $(1,1)$-spacetime dimensions, also within the context of deformation
procedures \cite{Epl1,Bazeia:2002xg}. In particular, sine-Gordon models and generalizations have been playing a relevant role in field theory, with important applications
\cite{Bazeia:2017cqv,epjc,Bazeia:2011ff,sine1,Bernardini:2014mma,Bazeia:2013usa,Bazeia:2004hv,Cruz:2018qby,Gauy:2022xsc,Cruz:2015nrd}. In particular, the seminal work \cite{Epl1}
 instructed how to deform the sine-Gordon model, employing two
parameters, one of them permitting to set out the specific member in the family of
models, also providing new topological solutions of the field equations. Subsequently, one can derive the energy density associated with the deformed models, corresponding to distinct topological sectors.
Deformed sine-Gordon-type models can be applied to the study of stable braneworld
models \cite{sine,G}.
One can scrutinize gravitons on braneworld scenarios, with an extra dimension, that are dynamically generated by topological defects supporting kink
solutions \cite{German:2013jcp}. Therefore scalar fields coupled to gravity regulated by the Einstein--Klein--Gordon system yield thick braneworld scenarios \cite{Barbosa:2014grg}. Moreover, cosmological thick braneworlds that render a natural isotropization mechanism for the early universe \cite{Gog2013prd} as well as braneworlds that generate the expansion of our Universe from extra dimensions \cite{Gog2013plb} are also supported by scalar fields. Besides, bounce-type solutions can be derived in the context of sine-Gordon potentials \cite{Cruz:2014eca}.

The main aim of this work is to study the DCE underlying deformed sine-Gordon-type models, particularly focusing on the 3-sine-Gordon deformed models, which have several analytical approaches.
The underlying DCE will be shown to refine the existing analysis of 3-sine-Gordon deformed models, providing new important physical analyses, focusing on two approaches for the deformation procedure of the original sine-Gordon model. The DCE will be also shown to drive the best choice of the parameters involved in the deformation procedure, associated with the DCE global critical points.
This work is organized as follows: Sec. \ref{sec2} is devoted to introducing the necessary
background for the deformation procedure and constructing the family of deformed sine-Gordon-type models. Sec. \ref{sec3} scrutinizes the role played by the DCE in this context, addressing new subtle aspects. Also, it provides and computes the DCE for the 3-sine Gordon model, this time without approximations but in the context of a deformation procedure without a power expansion. Sec. \ref{sec5} presents the conclusions and perspectives about the important results involving the DCE associated with these models.

\section{Deformed sine-Gordon-type models}
\label{sec2}
For a scalar field $\upchi=\upchi(t,x)$, one can consider models implemented by the Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}=\frac12 \partial_\mu \upchi \partial^\mu \upchi - V(\upchi),\label{lag1}
\end{equation}
where $V(\upchi)$ denotes the potential governing a scalar field theoretical model.
Topological solutions can be particularly introduced when static fields are taken into account. In this case, the equation of motion for
$\upchi=\upchi(x)$ reads
\begin{equation}
\frac{d^2\upchi}{dx^2}=\frac{dV}{d\upchi}.
\end{equation}
Topological solutions usually appear when the potential is non-negative,
which can be written, using the superpotential $W=W(\upchi)$, in the following form,
\begin{equation}
V(\upchi)=\frac12 W_\upchi^2,\label{sup}
\end{equation}
where $W_\upchi$ stands for\footnote{Hereon the notation $h_\zeta\equiv dh/d\zeta$ will be employed, for any quantity $h$ and any scalar field $\zeta$.} $dW/d\upchi$. It yields the equation of motion \cite{Bazeia:2002xg}
\begin{equation}
\frac{d^2 \upchi}{dx^2}=W_\upchi W_{\upchi \upchi},
\end{equation}
which can be solved when solutions of the first-order ODE
\begin{equation} \label{firstorder}
\frac{d\upchi}{dx}=W_\upchi
\end{equation}
are employed.
As Eq. (\ref{sup}) shows that the scalar potential is invariant under $W\mapsto -W$, Eq. \eqref{firstorder}
can be also analyzed in the context of this $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry. Therefore there is a well-defined mapping between the second-order equation of motion into two first-order equations, which in general holds for the topological solution.
A topological solution of Eq. \eqref{firstorder} on the
topological section ($jk$), has energy minimized to the value $%
E^{jk}_{\scalebox{.5}{\textsc{BPS}}}=|W(\mathring\upchi_j)-W(\mathring\upchi_k)|$, which does represent a saturated inequality depending on the homotopy class of the solution at infinity \cite{Bazeia:2002xg,Epl1}. Here $\mathring \upchi_j$ and $\mathring
\upchi_k$ are two adjacent minima. It represents the
Bogomol'nyi bound, and the solution of \eqref{firstorder} is named a BPS (Bogomol'nyi--Prasad--Sommerfield)
state, which is linearly stable. By insisting that the BPS bound is saturated, one can come up with a simpler set of differential equations to solve, called the Bogomol'nyi equations.
Since the superpotential $W(\upchi)$ is $\upchi$-dependent, it
can be used to define the topological behavior from the
topological current density $j_{\scalebox{.6}{\textsc{top}}}^\mu = \varepsilon^{\mu\nu} \partial_\nu W(\upchi).$
This definition differs from the standard
form of the current density given by $j^\mu = \varepsilon^{\mu\nu} \partial_\nu \upchi$.

We will focus our attention on the deformation procedure proposed in Refs. \cite{Bazeia:2002xg,Epl1,epjc}. An important advantage of using deformation approaches consists of straightforwardly generating new models and constructing their topological defects
analytically, from a given model that hereon will be considered the sine-Gordon one. The scalar field model (\ref{lag1}) is supposed to support
topological defects. Deformations of the
sine-Gordon model, whose potential reads
\begin{equation}
V(\upchi )=\frac{1}{2}\cos ^{2}(\upchi ), \label{cosss}
\end{equation}
 can be therefore implemented.
This potential is obtained from the superpotential $W(\upchi )=\sin (\upchi)$ and
has an infinite minima, $\mathring{\upchi}=\pm n\pi /2$, for $n\in 2\mathbb{N}+1$, which can be connected by the topological solutions
\begin{equation}
\upchi(x)=\pm \uptheta (x)\pm k\pi, \label{chi_x}
\end{equation}%
where $k\in\mathbb{Z}$ and $
{\rm gd}(x)\equiv \uptheta (x)=\arcsin [\tanh (x)]$ denotes the
Gudermannian function, whose associated energy reads $E=2$, with dimensionless units being used.

The deformation procedure emulates Eq. (\ref{lag1}), stating that a family of models can be generated by considering a scalar field Lagrangian density defined by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}=\frac12 \partial_\mu \upphi \partial^\mu \upphi - U(\upphi),
\end{equation}
where $U(\upphi)$ is the potential, governing the new scalar field $\upphi$, written in terms of $V(\upchi)$ as
\begin{equation}
U(\upphi)=\lim_{\upchi \to f(\upphi)}\frac{V(\upchi)}{f^{2}_\upphi(\upphi)},\label{start}
\end{equation}
where $f(\upphi)$ is the deformation function. As $\upchi(x)$ is a
static solution of the original sine-Gordon model, then it can be allocated as a solution
of the deformed model whenever the mapping \begin{eqnarray}\upphi(x)=f^{-1}[\upchi(x)]\end{eqnarray} holds. One can express
\begin{eqnarray}
f(\upphi)=\upphi+\upepsilon g(\upphi),\label{def1}
\end{eqnarray} where $\upepsilon$ is a small
parameter that allows a power expansion with respect to it \cite{Bazeia:2002xg,Epl1}, and $g(\upphi)$ is, a priori, an arbitrary function regulating the deformation, being compatible to the $\upepsilon$-expansion. Although the deformation procedure holds for a general potential, models controlled by the superpotential $W(\upchi)$ will be approached, where $V(\upchi)=\frac12 W_\upchi^2.$ This expression can be emulated for the new potential as
\begin{equation} \label{calWp}
U(\upphi)=\frac12 \mathfrak{W}_\upphi^2,
\end{equation}
where defining the new superpotential \cite{Bazeia:2002xg}
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathfrak{W}=\mathfrak{W}(\upphi)=W(\upphi)+\upepsilon
W_\upepsilon(\upphi)\label{s1}
\end{eqnarray} yields
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{W}_\upphi = W_\upphi - \upepsilon \left( W_\upphi g_\upphi - g W_{\upphi\upphi}\label{s2}
\right).
\end{equation}
Comparing Eqs. (\ref{s1}) and (\ref{s2}) makes it possible to write
\begin{equation}
W_\upepsilon(\upphi)=\int^\upphi \left(gW_{\phi\phi}-W_\phi g_\phi\right)\,d\phi\,,
\end{equation}
which can be utilized to derive the minima of the potential by analyzing the deformed ODE
\begin{equation}
W_\upphi=\upepsilon \left( W_\upphi g_\upphi - gW_{\upphi\upphi} \right).
\end{equation}
The minima can be used to find the corresponding energy in each topological
sector, in the form $E_{ij}=|\mathfrak{W}_i-\mathfrak{W}_j|$, where $\mathfrak{W}_i\equiv \mathfrak{W}(\upphi_i)$ and $\mathfrak{W}_j\equiv \mathfrak{W}(\upphi_j)$, given $\upphi_i$ and $\upphi_j$ representing two
adjacent minima of the $U(\upphi)$. Also, taking into account Eq. (\ref{def1}), up to the first order in $%
\upepsilon$, the solution of the new model can be expressed as \cite{epjc}
\begin{eqnarray}
\upphi(x)=\upchi(x)-\upepsilon g(\upchi(x)).
\end{eqnarray}

To introduce a new family of sine-Gordon-type models, Refs. \cite{Bazeia:2002xg,Epl1,epjc} introduced the original sine-Gordon given by Eq. \eqref{cosss} and implemented the deformation
function as
\begin{equation}
f_{a}(\upphi)=\upphi +\upepsilon g_{a}(\upphi),
\label{func_deform}
\end{equation}
where, for deforming the sine-Gordon model, one defines \cite{epjc}
\begin{eqnarray}
g_{a}(\upphi)\equiv \sin \left( \frac{\upphi }{a}\right).\end{eqnarray}
The deformation
function \eqref{func_deform} is parametrized by two real parameters, $a\neq0$ and $\upepsilon$, with small $\upepsilon$. A straightforward advantage of this protocol is the immediate implementation yielding potentials that have interest to relevant applications. Besides, the small parameter $\upepsilon$ identifies topological sector solutions of the first-order equation, with respective energy densities associated to the deformed models. The deformation
function defines a family of sine-Gordon-type models described by the potential \eqref{calWp},
where the superpotential $\mathfrak{W}$ has derivative with respect to the scalar field $\upphi$ given by
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{W}_{\upphi }\!=\!\cos (\upphi )-\!\upepsilon \!\left[ \sin (\upphi )\sin
\!\left(a^{-1}{\upphi }\right) \!+a^{-1}\!\cos (\upphi )\cos \!\left(
a^{-1}{\upphi }\right) \!\right] . \label{wsg}
\end{equation}%
An additional term arises, being responsible to shift the minima of the potential to new ones, given by
\begin{equation}
\upphi _{\pm }^{\scalebox{.65}{\textsc{min}}}=\pm \frac{k\pi }{2}\mp\upepsilon \sin \left( \frac{%
n\pi }{2a}\right),\,\,\,\,\,k\in2\mathbb{N}+1, \label{minima}
\end{equation}
also modifying the maxima as
\begin{equation}
\upphi _{\pm }^{\scalebox{.65}{\textsc{max}}}=\pm p\pi \pm\frac{\upepsilon}{a^{2}} (a^{2}-1)\sin
\left( \frac{p\pi }{a}\right),\,\,\,\,\,p\in\mathbb{N}.
\label{maxima}
\end{equation}
When $a\in\mathbb{Z}$, the number of distinct topological sectors,
labeled by $p$, equals $a+1$.
Therefore the deformed potential is realized to have periodicity $2\pi a$. Taking into account $a=1$ yields the 2-sine-Gordon, whereas for $a=2$, the 3-sine-Gordon model can be obtained, with immediate generalizations for each value of $a$. For $a\neq
1 $, the new superpotential reads
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathfrak{W}=\sin (\upphi )\! &-&\!\frac{\upepsilon }{2}\left\{ \frac{(a+1)}{a-1%
}\sin \left[ \frac{(a-1)}{a}\upphi \right] +\frac{(1-a)}{a+1}\sin \left[ \frac{(a+1)}{a}\upphi \right]
\right\}.
\end{eqnarray}
For the particular case where $a=1$, the new superpotential has the straightforward expression
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{W}(\upphi)=\sin (\upphi)-\upepsilon \upphi .
\end{equation}
One can then employ $\mathfrak{W}$ and the minima \eqref{minima} to
compute the energy associated with a topological defect corresponding to each topological sector. The general expression for $%
\mathfrak{W}$ in each minimum is \cite{epjc}
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{W}(\upphi _{\pm }^{\scalebox{.65}{\textsc{min}}})=\pm (-1)^{{\scalebox{0.75}{\textsc{$(n-1)/2$}}}}\left[ 1-\frac{2a}{%
a^{2}-1}\cos \left( \frac{n\pi }{2a}\right) \upepsilon \right] ,
\label{Wsuper}
\end{equation}
which yields the particular case regarding the standard sine-Gordon model for $a=1$,
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{W}(\upphi _{\pm }^{\scalebox{.65}{\textsc{min}}})=\pm (-1)^{{\scalebox{0.75}{\textsc{$(n-1)/2$}}}}\mp\upepsilon
\frac{n\pi }{2}.
\end{equation}
Also, topological solutions associated to the first-order equation
\eqref{firstorder} can be derived using the inverse deformation
function. Eq. \eqref{func_deform} is hence employed to yield \cite{epjc}
\begin{equation}
\upphi (x)=\upphi _{0}(x)-\upepsilon \sin \left[ \frac{1}{a}\upphi _{0}(x)\right],
\end{equation}%
where $\upphi _{0}(x)=\upchi (x)$ denotes the solutions \eqref{chi_x} of the original sine-Gordon model. The associated energy density reads
\begin{equation}
\rho (x)=\rho _{0}(x)\left[ 1-\frac{2\upepsilon }{a}\cos \left( \frac{\upphi
_{0}(x)}{a}\right) \right] ,
\end{equation}%
with $\rho _{0}(x)=\text{sech}^{2}(x)$ representing the standard energy density associated with sine-Gordon classical solutions.

Now the case of the 3-sine-Gordon model can be considered, which is
obtained with $a=2$. There are three kinds of topological
sectors. The sectors of the first kind are described by the following
solutions \cite{epjc}
\begin{equation}
\upphi _{1}(x)=\uptheta (x)+4\ell\pi -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}|x|
\left[ 1-\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon, \label{eq1}
\end{equation}%
where $\ell$ is an integer, that
connect the minima
\begin{equation}
M_1 = \mp \frac{\pi }{2}+4\ell\pi \pm \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\upepsilon\,.
\end{equation}%
The sectors of the second kind are described by the solutions
\begin{equation}
\upphi _{2}(x)=\uptheta (x)+(4\ell+1)\pi -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
\left[ 1-\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon, \label{eq2}
\end{equation}%
which connect the minima
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
M_2=\frac{\pi }{2}+4\ell\pi -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\upepsilon,\label{m22}\\
\mathring{M}_2=\frac{3\pi }{2}+4\ell\pi -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\upepsilon,\label{m2}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
whereas the third kind of topological sectors are described by the solutions
\begin{equation}
\upphi _{3}(x)=\uptheta (x)+2\ell\pi +\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}|x|
\left[ 1-\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon, \label{eq3}
\end{equation}%
which connect the minima \eqref{m22} and \eqref{m2} to the minimum
\begin{eqnarray}
M_3=\frac{5\pi }{2}+4\ell\pi +\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\upepsilon.\label{m3}
\end{eqnarray}
The energy densities of the solutions corresponding to the three distinct
topological sectors are given by \cite{epjc}
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\hspace*{-0.4cm}\!\!\!\!\rho _{1}(x)\!&\!=\!&\!\left( 1\!-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
\left[ 1+\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon\right)\text{sech}^{2}(x), \label{ro1} \\
\hspace*{-0.4cm}\rho _{2}(x)\!&\!=\!&\!\left( 1\!+\!\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}|x|
\left[ 1-\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon\right)\text{sech}^{2}(x),\label{ro2}\\
\hspace*{-0.4cm}\rho _{3}(x)\!&\!=\!&\!\left( 1\!+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
\left[ 1+\text{sech}(x)\right]^{1/2}\upepsilon
\right)\text{sech}^{2}(x). \label{rho123}
\end{eqnarray}%
\end{subequations}
Under the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry $\upepsilon \mapsto -\upepsilon$, the first and third topological sectors are interchanged and the energy densities related to the first and third sectors are mapped into each other as well.
Eq. \eqref{Wsuper} yields the corresponding energies, respectively corresponding to each topological sector (\ref{ro1}) -- (\ref{rho123}),
\begin{equation}
E_{1}=2-\frac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\,\upepsilon,\qquad\,\,\,\,E_{2}=2,\qquad \,\,\,\,E_{3}=2+\frac{%
4\sqrt{2}}{3}\,\upepsilon . \label{e123}
\end{equation}
{{To insure energy positivity, to the first and third topological sectors it must be imposed that $E_{1}>0$ and $E_{3}>0$. Hence it implies the bound on $\upepsilon$ for these two sectors
\[
-\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}<\upepsilon<\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}.
\]
It is worth emphasizing that the second topological sector presents energy $E_{2}=2$. Thus there is no restriction on the
parameter $\upepsilon$ and the energy is degenerate.

Figs. \ref{fig1} -- \ref{fig3} illustrate the profile of the respective solution for each
topological sector. The variation of the configurations according to $%
\upepsilon$ can be realized likewise.
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{1.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{2.pdf} \caption{Profile of the topological sector $\protect\upphi_1(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}
One can realize from Fig. \ref{fig1} that the scalar field (\ref{eq1}), regarding the first topological sector, has lower [higher] absolute asymptotic values, for $x> 0$ [$x<0$], when the positive values of $\upepsilon$ are respectively compared to the negative values of $\upepsilon$. A similar behavior holds for the scalar fields regarding the second and third topological sectors, respectively in Eqs. (\ref{eq2}, \ref{eq3}), illustrated in Figs. \ref{fig2} and \ref{fig3}.
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{3.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{4.pdf} \caption{Profile of the topological sector $\protect\upphi_2(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{5.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{6.pdf} \caption{Profile of the topological sector $\protect\upphi_3(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

\section{DCE and the deformed 3-sine-Gordon model}
\label{sec3}
Gleiser and Stamatopoulos
proposed a precise picture of the DCE
for discussing the structure of localized solutions in classical field theories \cite{gs12a,gs12b}. The DCE is here addressed, using the deformed sine-Gordon field configurations, where
braneworld scenarios can be studied. Firstly, the DCE setup will be briefly revisited. For it, the Napierian logarithm will be employed, with the DCE quantified in the natural unit of entropy (nat). The DCE regards the number of bits needed to encode localized physical configurations with the best compression.
The protocol for computing the DCE consists of evaluating the Fourier transform of the energy density
\begin{eqnarray}
{\scalebox{.85}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{k}) =\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}} \int_{\mathbb{R}}{\scalebox{.85}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{r})e^{-i\mathsf{k}\mathsf{r}}d\mathsf{r},\label{ftrans}
\end{eqnarray} Disctinct wavemodes are regulated by the modal fraction, whose expression is given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{modall}
m_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{k}) = \frac{|{\scalebox{.85}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{k})|^2}{\int_{\mathbb{R}}|{\scalebox{.85}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}({\mathtt{k}})|^2d\mathtt{k}},\label{modalf}
\end{eqnarray} also circumventing the issue involving complex-valued Fourier transforms.
The DCE is therefore given by
\cite{gs12b,Gleiser:2018kbq,Gleiser:2018jpd},
\begin{eqnarray}
S_c[{\scalebox{.85}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}] = - \int_{\mathbb{R}}\accentset{\star}{m}_{{\scalebox{.81}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}}({{\mathtt{k}}})\log\accentset{\star}{m}_{{\scalebox{.81}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}}({\mathtt{k}})\,d\mathtt{k},\label{ce1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\accentset{\star}{m}_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{k})=m_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}(\mathsf{k})/m_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}^{\scalebox{.52}{\textsc{sup}}}(\mathsf{k})$, for $m_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho$}}}^{\scalebox{.52}{\textsc{sup}}}(\mathsf{k})$ denoting the modal fraction supremum. The DCE estimates the dynamical degree of order associated with solutions of the equations of motion regulating the scalar field.
The configurational stability of the system portrayed by the energy density corresponds to the minima of the DCE.

\subsection{DCE of the deformed 3-sine-Gordon model}
\label{ssec3}
Here we aim to determine the DCE and the subsequent information entropic features of the topological sectors provided by
Eqs. (\ref{eq1}, \ref{eq2}, \ref{eq3}), with respective energy
densities (\ref{ro1}) -- (\ref{rho123}) and their corresponding energies (\ref{e123}).
 It is worth to emphasize that the second sector $\upphi _{2}(x)$
presents degenerate energy with respect to the parameter $\upepsilon $.
\bigskip
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{7.pdf}.
\caption{Energy associated to the three distinct topological sectors, (\ref{e123})
with respect to the deformation parameter $\upepsilon $.}
\end{figure}
We can apply to each topological sector the DCE protocol, with corresponding Fourier transform of the energy density (\ref{ftrans}), for computing the modal fraction (\ref{modalf}), and subsequently, the DCE \eqref{ce1} . The analytical results are explicitly expressed in Appendix \ref{aa}.

Now, to completely specify the modal fraction $m_{\scalebox{.8}{\textsc{$\rho_j$}}}(\mathsf{k})$ (\ref{modalf}), for each topological sector $i=1,2,3$, the value $\int_{\mathbb{R}} |{\scalebox{0.95}{\textsc{$\rho_j$}}}(\mathtt{k})|^2\,d\mathtt{k}$ must be computed. Alternatively, one may use the Plancherel
theorem,
\begin{equation}
\int_{\mathbb{R}} \left\vert {\scalebox{0.95}{\textsc{$\rho_j$}}}(\mathtt{k})\right\vert^{2}\,d\mathtt{k}=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \left\vert
\rho_j(\mathsf{r})\right\vert ^{2}\,d\mathsf{r}. \label{plancherel}
\end{equation}
Hence, the denominator entering the modal fraction expression (\ref{modalf}) reads, respectively for each topological sector, the following analytical functions of the deformation parameter $\upepsilon$:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\int_{\mathbb{R}} |{\scalebox{0.95}{\textsc{$\rho_1$}}}(\mathtt{k})|^2\,d\mathtt{k} &=& \frac{4}{3}-\frac{64\sqrt{%
2}}{35}\upepsilon + \frac{1}{48}(32+9\pi)\upepsilon^2, \\
\int_{\mathbb{R}} |{\scalebox{0.95}{\textsc{$\rho_2$}}}(\mathtt{k})|^2\,d\mathtt{k} &=& \frac{1}{48}(64 +
32\upepsilon^2-9\pi \upepsilon^2), \\
\int_{\mathbb{R}} |{\scalebox{0.95}{\textsc{$\rho_3$}}}(\mathtt{k})|^2\,d\mathtt{k} &=& \frac{4}{3}+\frac{64\sqrt{%
2}}{35}\upepsilon + \frac{1}{48}(32+9\pi)\upepsilon^2.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Figs. \ref{fig8} -- \ref{fig12} illustrate the modal fraction profile for the three topological sectors (\ref{ro1}) -- (\ref{rho123}), for various values of the $\upepsilon$ parameter.
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{8.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{9.pdf} \caption{Modal fraction for the topological sector $\protect\upphi_1(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig8}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{11.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{10.pdf} \caption{Modal fraction for the topological sector $\protect\upphi_2(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig10}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{12.pdf}\qquad
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{13.pdf} \caption{Modal fraction for the topological sector $\protect\upphi_3(x)$, for
$\protect\upepsilon=0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=0.9$ (left panel) and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.1$, $\protect\upepsilon=-0.5$, and $\protect\upepsilon=-0.9$ (right panel).}
\label{fig12}
\end{figure}
For all topological sectors, the modal fraction peaks at $\mathsf{k}=0$, as expected.
Fig. \ref{fig8} depicts the modal fraction of the first topological sector (\ref{eq1}), encoded in its expression for the energy density (\ref{ro1}). For $\upepsilon>0$ the absolute value of the peak of the modal fraction considerably varies as a function of $\upepsilon$, with the maximal variation of $\sim 48.1\%$ in the range here analyzed. When $\upepsilon<0$, the relative variation reduces to $\sim 3.8\%$. Now Fig. \ref{fig10} represents the modal fraction of the second topological sector (\ref{eq2}), encoded in its expression for the energy density (\ref{ro2}). This time, for $\upepsilon<0$ the absolute value of the peak of the modal fraction considerably varies as a function of $\upepsilon$, with the maximal variation of $\sim 36.7\%$ in the range analyzed. When $\upepsilon>0$, the relative variation reduces to $\sim 10.5\%$. Fig. \ref{fig12} analyzes the modal fraction of the third topological sector (\ref{eq3}), encoded in its expression for the energy density (\ref{rho123}). For $\upepsilon<0$ the absolute value of the peak of the modal fraction again considerably changes as a function of $\upepsilon$, with the maximal variation of $\sim 29.3\%$, in the range of $\upepsilon$ analyzed. When $\upepsilon>0$, the relative variation reduces to $\sim 2.6\%$.

Fig. \ref{dce1} depicts the DCE (\ref{ce1}), to each topological
sector.
\begin{center}\begin{figure}[H]\centering
\qquad\includegraphics[scale=0.66]{sc.pdf}
\caption{DCE for the topological sectors $\protect\upphi%
_1(x)$, $\upphi_2(x)$, and $\upphi_3(x)$.}\label{dce1}
\end{figure}
\end{center}
There is a value of minimal entropy with respect to $\upepsilon$ for the second topological sector \eqref{eq2}, with energy density \eqref{ro2}. Thus DCE can break the degeneracy of the 3-sine-Gordon model. In fact, the second topological sector \eqref{ro2} has a global minimum with DCE given by $S_c = 3.634 \times 10^{-4}$ nat, for $\upepsilon\approxeq0$. For values $|\upepsilon|>0$ the DCE satisfies $d^2S_c/d\upepsilon^2>0$. It also increases monotonically for $\upepsilon>0$, with $dS_c/d\upepsilon>0$ and for $\upepsilon>0$, whereas $dS_c/d\upepsilon<0$ for $\upepsilon>0$. For the first topological sector \eqref{eq1}, with energy density \eqref{ro1}, the DCE is a monotonically decreasing function of $\upepsilon$ with no maxima with $dS_c/d\upepsilon = 0$, including the supremum corresponding to the first point of the range of $\upepsilon$ analyzed. For the third topological sector \eqref{eq3}, with energy density \eqref{rho123}, the DCE is a monotonically increasing function of $\upepsilon$, also with no minima with $dS_c/d\upepsilon = 0$, including the infimum regarding the last point of the range of $\upepsilon$ analyzed. For both the first and third topological sectors, the inequality $d^2S_c/d\upepsilon^2<0$ holds.
The degenerate (second) sector has the degeneracy broken by the DCE.

\subsection{An additional approach to the 3-sine-Gordon model}
\label{ssec32}
Now the DCE of another deformation of the 3-sine-Gordon model, without a power expansion approach, will be derived. Refs. \cite{Epl1,Bazeia:2002xg} employed the deformation protocol to engender a new family of sine-Gordon-type models, including the 3-sine-Gordon. The general sine-Gordon-type models are regulated by two real parameters. The first one, $a$, controls both the location and the height of the scalar field maxima, whereas the second parameter, $b$, indexes the constituents in the family of sine-Gordon-type models, also managing the number of disconnected topological sectors \cite{Bazeia:2008tj}. Turning back to the results in Sec. \ref{sec2}, taking into account the $\upchi^4$ model with spontaneous symmetry breaking,
\begin{eqnarray}
V(\upchi) = \frac12(1-\upchi^2)^2,
\end{eqnarray}
Eq. \eqref{start} yields \cite{Bazeia:2011ff}
\begin{equation}\label{equ8}
U(\upphi)=\frac12\frac{(1-f^2(\upphi))^2}{f^{2}_\upphi(\upphi)},
\end{equation}
since $\upphi(x) = f^{-1}(\upchi(x))$. Eq. (\ref{equ8}) is invariant under the inverse mapping $f(\upphi)\mapsto 1/f(\upphi)$. Hence, as $f(\upphi)$ is the functional deforming the model, $1/f(\upphi)$ also deforms the model in the same way. This function can carry indexes $a$ and $b$ and is given by \cite{Epl1,Bazeia:2002xg}
\begin{equation}\label{def11}
f_{ab}(\upphi)=\tan\{a \arctan[b\tan(\upphi)]\},
\end{equation}
where $b\in(0,1)$ or $b\in(1,\infty)$, and $a\in\mathbb{N}$,
 with potential
\begin{eqnarray}\label{v12}
V(\upphi)&=&\frac{1}{2b^2a^2}\left\{2\cos^2[a \arctan(b\tan(\upphi))]-1\right\}^2\left[(1-b^2)\cos^2(\upphi)+b^2\right]^2.
\end{eqnarray}
The parameter $a$ plays a prominent role in the generation of further families of models. For $a=1$ the double sine-Gordon model is acquired, which contains two topological sectors and for $a=2$ the triple sine-Gordon model is obtained, which contains three distinct topological sectors. The parameter $b$ controls the position of the minima and the height of the maxima.
The topological solutions are given by, for a given integer $a$ \cite{Epl1,Bazeia:2002xg}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{alls}
\upphi^{m}_{k,a}&=&\arctan\left[\frac1b\tan\left(\frac1a\arctan\upchi(x)+k\frac{\pi}{a}\right)\right]\pm m\pi,
\end{eqnarray}
where $k,m\in\mathbb{N}$, with \begin{eqnarray}
\upchi(x)=\pm\tanh(x),\end{eqnarray} giving rise to the defect and anti-defect solutions.
For $a=2$, namely, for the 3-Gordon model, the superpotential reads
\begin{eqnarray}
\hspace*{-0.7cm}W(\upphi)&=&\frac{(1\!+\!b^2)(1\!-\!10b^2\!+\!b^4)}{2(1-b^2)^2}\upphi+\frac{(1\!+\!6b^2\!+\!b^4)}{4(1-b^2)} \sin(2\upphi)+\frac{8b^3}{(1-b^2)^2} \arctan[b\tan(\upphi)]\,.
\end{eqnarray}
The energy densities of the three distinct topological sectors are provided respectively by \cite{Epl1,Bazeia:2002xg}
\begin{subequations}\begin{eqnarray}
\hspace*{-0.8cm}\rho_1(x)&=&\frac{b^2{\rm sech}^2(2x)}{4\left
[(1\!-\!b^2)\cos^2[{\rm arctan}[\tanh(x)]]\!-\!1\right]^2},\label{r1}
\\
\hspace*{-0.8cm}\rho_2(x)&=&\frac{b^2{\rm sech}^2(2x)}{4\left[(1\!-\!b^2)\cos^2\left({\rm arctan}[\tanh(x)]\!+\!\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\!-\!1\right]^2},\label{r2}
\\
\hspace*{-0.8cm}\rho_3(x)&=&\frac{b^2{\rm sech}^2(2x)}{4\left[(1\!-\!b^2)\cos^2\left({\rm arctan}[\tanh(x)]\right)\!+\!b^2\right]^2}\,.\label{r3}
\end{eqnarray}\end{subequations}
Using the protocol (\ref{ftrans}, \ref{modalf}, \ref{ce1}), the DCE can be computed. The plots in Fig. \ref{dce2} show the DCE of the topological sectors $\protect\upphi_1(x)$, $\protect\upphi_2(x)$, and $\protect\upphi_3(x)$, with energy densities respectively given by Eqs. (\ref{r1}) -- (\ref{r3}), as a function of the parameter $b$.
Contrary to the analytical Fourier transforms of the energy densities (\ref{ro1} -- \ref{rho123}) in the Appendix \ref{aa}, there is no analytical
expressions for the energy densities (\ref{r1}) -- (\ref{r3}). Therefore, the DCE protocol (\ref{ftrans}, \ref{modalf}, \ref{ce1}) is numerically computed for this model.
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.56]{sc_11.pdf} %
\includegraphics[scale=0.56]{sc_21.pdf} %
\includegraphics[scale=0.56]{sc_31.pdf}
\caption{DCE of the topological sectors $\protect\upphi_1(x)$, $\protect\upphi_2(x)$, and $\protect\upphi_3(x)$, as a function of the parameter $b$.}\label{dce2}
\end{figure}
\noindent Regarding the left plot on top, Fig. \ref{dce2} shows that the topological sector (\ref{r1}) has the DCE with a peak value $S_c = 0.138$ nat, at $b = 0.0043$. In the interval $b\in(0,0.0043)$, the graphic of the DCE satisfies $d^2S_c/db^2<0$ and $dS_c/db>0$, whereas in the range $b\gtrsim 0.0043$ the DCE is a function of $b$ such that $d^2S_c/db^2>0$ and $dS_c/db<0$. Concerning the right plot on top in Fig. \ref{dce2}, it illustrates the topological sector (\ref{r2}) with qualitatively analog profile of (\ref{r1}). However, it has the DCE with a peak value $S_c = 0.147$ nat, at $b = 0.0022$. Regarding this plot, the DCE regarding (\ref{r2}) increases sharply and steeper than the case (\ref{r1}). Besides, in the range $b\in(0,0.0022)$, the graphic of the DCE satisfies $d^2S_c/db^2<0$ and $dS_c/db>0$, whereas when $b\gtrsim 0.0022$ the DCE satisfies $d^2S_c/db^2>0$ and $dS_c/db<0$. In this case the peak has a higher DCE, attained at a lower value of the parameter $b$, when compared to the topological sector (\ref{r1}). Both cases (\ref{r1}) and (\ref{r2}) have the DCE asymptotically approaching zero, for $b\gtrsim 0.4$. We can conclude that
for $b\in(0.4,1)$, the associated topological sectors with energy densities (\ref{r1}) and (\ref{r2}) are more stable, from the configurational point of view. The range $b\in(0.4,1)$ consists of the parameter space where the associated topological sector is more prevalent. For the topological sector (\ref{r2}), the neighborhood $0.0020\lesssim b \lesssim 0.0025$ represents the domain of higher configurational instability, whereas the interval $0.0040\lesssim b \lesssim 0.0046$ regards the domain of higher configurational instability of the topological sector (\ref{r1}). On the other hand, the DCE of the topological sector (\ref{r3}) has a completely distinct profile, with respect to the parameter $b$. It has no maxima, it is monotonically increasing with ${d^2 S_c}/{db^2}<0$, for all values of $b$ in the range analyzed. The minimum of the DCE for the topological sector (\ref{r3}) occurs at $b\approxeq0$, for which $S_c \approxeq 1.249$ nat. This is therefore the most stable configuration of the physical system.

\section{concluding remarks and perspectives}
\label{sec5}

The protocol of deforming topological defects was here engendered to study two approaches of the 3-sine-Gordon model whose underlying DCE was computed and discussed.
Contrary to the approach in Sec. \ref{sec2}, where the deformation function could be first-order expanded with respect to the deformation parameter $\upepsilon$ as in Eq. (\ref{def1}), the analytical deformation function (\ref{def11}) in Sec. \ref{sec3} does not involve a power expansion. The results involving the underlying DCE analysis, for the two deformed models, are complementary. The deformations of the 3-sine-Gordon model can be employed for practical applications in a diversity of scenarios, in particular in the braneworld scenario with one extra dimension, being the brane stabilized by a real scalar field with the best choice of parameters driven by the DCE, as detailedly report in the final discussion of Subsecs. \ref{ssec3} and \ref{ssec32}, respectively for each different deformation procedure generating the 3-sine-Gordon model.
Ref. \cite{epjc} addressed deformed 2-sine-Gordon models, with applications in gravity localization on thick braneworlds. Here, the results can be used to study gravity localization with deformed 3-sine-Gordon field configurations. The results heretofore derived in this work, using the DCE, can hence drive the best choice of the range of parameters for studying thick branes and field localization on them.
\acknowledgments
RdR~is grateful to FAPESP (Grant No. 2021/01089-1 and No. 2022/01734-7) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development -- CNPq (Grant No. 303390/2019-0), for partial financial support.
AHA has been benefited from the grants CONACYT No. A1-S-38041 and VIEP-BUAP No. 122.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
#LEADLIKEAGIRL
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Anna Du is twelve years old and is a middle school student attending the Andover School of Montessori in Andover, MA. She's a big fan of both science and engineering and has attended STEM education camps every summer as well as attending engineering workshops at MIT since she was five. Originally from Florida, she moved to Massachusetts at a young age; through her explorations of the beaches in Miami and Boston she developed a strong appreciation for the ocean and marine life. Throughout the past several years, her work as a young scientist has focused on the globally increasing, widespread problem of plastic pollution - specifically microplastic pollution. She has invented an underwater ROV (remotely operated vehicle) which uses infrared and other wavelengths of light, combined with artificial intelligence to identify and spatially map regions of microplastic accumulation. She has been named one of the top ten students in the US, by 3M's America's Young Scientist Challenge, as well as being selected as one of the top 30 science fair students in the nation (from a pool of 80,000 students) by the Broadcom Masters Program, administered by SSP - the same organization that operates ISEF and formerly, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search. Her work and accolades have been featured by Discovery Education, FOX-TV 25 News, Fast Company, Smithsonian Magazine, and she is currently filming a special for WGBH's Design Squad. News about her achievements have been translated into over 20 languages. Her work has been recognized by top international environmental organizations, and she has recently been awarded a $10,000 award to further her work in oceanographic engineering. Anna is currently collaborating with a number of researchers in this field and is planning major additional upcoming enhancements to her patent-pending system. Her hobbies include ice skating, gardening, violin, and reading — especially books about science. She hopes to one day attend MIT and become a Woods Hole oceanographer.
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KALEIDOSCOPE ANNOUNCES LINEUP FOR SHOWCASE VOL. 2, A QUARTERLY EVENT SERIES IN ELEVEN CITIES AROUND THE WORLD.
San Francisco, CA // 03.02.17 – Kaleidoscope today announced the Official Selection of projects for Showcase Vol. 2, a quarterly event series featuring the best new work from VR creators around the world. On the heels of Kaleidoscope's successful Showcase Vol. 1 which launched in London, New York, Berlin, Los Angeles, Leipzig, Portland, Seoul, and San Francisco, Showcase Vol. 2 will return with four additional cities of Paris, Kyiv, Hong Kong, and Sydney.
The Kaleidoscope Showcase Vol. 2 includes a diverse selection of over 20 innovative and thought provoking experiences. Our lineup features Within's groundbreaking Life of Us, created by Aaron Koblin and Chris Milk, with music by Pharrell Williams. Life of Us is a Within Original, produced by Chris Milk, Megan Ellison through her Annapurna pictures and Made with Unity. In addition, we will be showcasing, Arnaud Colinart's Kinoscope which takes you on a whirlwind tour of cinema history, Gabriela Arp's powerful Traces, and the World Premieres of Tender Claws' dystopian comedic masterpiece Virtual, Virtual Reality and Quba Michalski's visually stunning Ex/Static, as well as special presentations of our favorite projects from Sundance including Tyler Hurd's latest creation Chocolate, Lily Baldwin and Sashka Unseld's haunting Through You, Oculus Story Studio's Dear Angelica, the tripnotic Crystal Vibes, and the always entertaining Mindshow. Showcase events will also include live presentations from top VR creators.
"The quality of work in the Volume 2 Showcase is remarkable and proves virtual reality is quickly evolving into a legitimate art form," said Kaleidoscope co-founder Selena Pinnell. "We are thrilled to feature new projects from new creators, and to highlight the groundbreaking work of local pioneers in each city. And finally, we are thankful to our amazing Community Directors who invest their time and energy into organizing these Showcase events and fostering each city's community of VR Creators."
Inspired by initiatives like TEDx that empower local innovators, Kaleidoscope's quarterly event series is run entirely by a network of local community leaders. After interviewing nearly a hundred applicants, Kaleidoscope selected Community Directors for San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York City, Portland, Seattle, Vancouver, London, Berlin, Leipzig, Paris, Seoul, São Paulo, Kyiv, Hong Kong, Santiago, Stockholm, with more cities launching each quarter. This talented and dedicated group of innovators are responsible for organizing events, discovering and promoting local VR Creators, and growing the community of artists and engineers who use virtual reality to tell stories, express ideas, and explore the human experience.
Kaleidoscope was founded in May 2015 by designers René & Selena Pinnell. Joined by producer Jill Klekas, the startup's mission is to give VR creators the exposure and support they need to do great work. Kaleidoscope showcases finished projects, helps secure funding for future projects, and host events around the world that explore the art, science, and business of virtual reality.
In 2015 Kaleidoscope produced the first Virtual Reality Film Festival earning coverage in top publications such as The New York Times, LA Times, and VICE. Partnering with Wired magazine, Kaleidoscope has since produced more than 20 high-profile events, in 5 continents, for over 10,000 attendees. Projects discovered by Kaleidoscope routinely go on to screen at major festivals such as Sundance, Tribeca, and Cannes, and the artists in our community are widely recognized as some of the most innovative voices in virtual reality today.


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U.S. Rep. Jason Lewis held his first in-person town hall meetings on Saturday, fielding comments and questions about hot-button issues such as health care and gun violence.
A few attendees in Lakeville thanked the Minnesota Republican for cutting taxes. But several expressed concerns about the meeting itself: Why, when so many people couldn't get tickets, were there so many empty chairs?
About 60 people attended the meeting in Rosehenge Hall in Lakeville, the freshman representative's second of three stops. That left open about 40 seats.
In Lakeville, and for similar meetings in Wabasha and Jordan, Lewis picked smaller venues partly to encourage "good conversation," said his chief of staff, Amy Smith. She said there also were safety concerns because Lewis' office received phone calls last week that Capitol Police deemed to be a threat.
"We issued 100 tickets to this, so if somebody didn't show up, they didn't show up," Lewis said.
Lewis, who is seeking a second term, announced May 10 that he would hold three meetings across the Second Congressional District, a swing district that includes southeastern Twin Cities suburbs and rural areas to the south.
He had been among many members of Congress declining to hold in-person town halls, where lawmakers risk recorded confrontations and face safety concerns, in favor of "telephone town halls." Lewis and his staffers pointed out that he's held 19 such telephone meetings and 271 meetings with groups since he was elected in 2016.
But political opponents say that Lewis and other members of Congress are ducking the people they represent. Saturday's events did little to quell such criticism, as demonstrators outside the hall in Lakeville accused Lewis of handpicking supporters for the limited tickets.
More than 40 protesters, many clad in pink Planned Parenthood T-shirts, gathered outside. "We're unworthy of an audience with King Lewis I," one protester's sign said. "Fake town hall," said another.
In a statement, Angie Craig, a Democrat who narrowly lost to Lewis in 2016 and is challenging him again this year, accused him of turning away hundreds of constituents.
"When voters need a special ticket just to speak to their member of Congress, that's not a public event," Craig said, pledging to hold public meetings at least once a month if elected.
During his meeting in Lakeville, and in conversations with constituents afterward, Lewis explained why he's pushed for an audit of the Department of Defense, which he described as bloated with 800,000 civilian employees. In criticizing the Affordable Care Act, he contended the Republican proposal would have made an effective replacement. He also addressed questions about gun policy in the wake of this week's school shooting in Texas.
Lewis expressed concerns about "red flag" laws, which would allow law enforcement to remove guns from people believed to be in imminent danger of harming themselves or others, and questioned whether toughening gun laws would cut down on school shootings. Instead, he pressed for school safety. "I don't want to do something that's window dressing," he said.


The retaining wall built by 82-year-old Lou Hahn at 1041 Harris Drive. The wall took nearly three months to complete.
The challenge of building a multi-tiered retaining wall from scratch on an uphill slope might seem daunting to a person in their twenties.
But not to Lou Hahn, that exact retaining wall is his latest masterpiece, at the ripe young age of 82.
Hahn constructed the wall at David's new home purchased last fall at 1041 Harris Drive.
"It really needed something," David said.
David said the wall required a lot of work and a lot of creative thinking on his father's part. Taking roughly only three months, the job got done fast.
"It was a lot of work. He's the mastermind and architect," David said.
Lou said he came up with the design by lying awake at night.
"I didn't put anything down on paper, I just think about it during the night and the next day go do it," Lou said.
Lou said he worked for the highway for 33 years and the golf course for 20. He used old timbers that had been torn from bridges to construct the wall.
He said when they tore the wood out they normally gave it away, so he took it to the golf course. There he used it to build tee boxes, the sign at the entrance and the timberwork around the clubhouse, among other things.
When he left the golf course, they told him he could take the remaining timber with him.
The wall features planters at every level and stairs leading up the center to the top of the wall, where Lou put a rail to stop his grandchildren's basketball from rolling down the hill.
He estimates the wall is probably about 100 feet one way, 80 or 90 feet the other way and 30 feet up the side of the hill.
"There are a lot of planters in there, it's a good thing they like to plant," Lou said.
David said his father is dedicated to his family and community and projects like this are the proof.


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MGA Twin Cam: Perfect for the Perfectionist
1961-1970, England, I-4, MG / September 17, 2020 by jmatras / Leave a Comment
Originally published in AutoWeek December 13, 1982
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1959 MGA Twin Cam; photos by John Matras
Pity the poor MGA Twin Cam. Imagine: four years, count 'em, four years in development, and on the market for less than two. And despite a successful record in amateur racing and even several scores in the big time, the car was a commercial failure.
It had a terrible reputation of unreliability. Early Twin Cams, the first 345, had a propensity for burning oil, a result of using chromed piston rings with molybdenum-treated cylinder bores. Even worse was the burning of pistons caused by a 9.921 compression ratio requiring spot-on ignition timing, perfect adjustment of the dual 1.75-inch SU carbs and the best premium petrol available – and available it always wasn't. Nor was carb tuning always up to snuff. And positioning of the distributor under one of the cam covers – not visible from above and difficult to reach when the engine was hot – aggravated setting the timing. The standard push-rod engine's relative indifference to tuning only made matters worse. The set-the-timing-within-10-degrees procedure adequate with the push-rod engine would result in a holed piston if applied to the Twin Cam.
The Abingdon firm wasn't deaf to these complaints. An access door to the distributor was cut into the left inner front fender, and compression ratio was lowered to 8.3:1 by a change in pistons late in the model run. But by then it was too late. BMC pulled the plug on the MGA Twin Cam, production ceasing on June 14, 1960, only 22 months after the models inception in September 1958, with just 2,111 made.
The basic push-rod MGA, in its various engine size permutations with roadster and full-bodied styles, was produced from 1955 to 1962, with production totaling 101,081 unit. The original engine, BMC's "B" series lump, was the powerplant of choice for MG, the parent company having standardized it across the board. It was sturdy but not just exciting even when sport-tuned with SU carbs and such.
The main culprit was the head. It was not a cross-flow design, intake and exhaust both located on the left side of the engine. Peculiarly enough, so were the pushrods. Little could be done to get more performance from such a restrictive set up. So when the need for more power arose, a double overhead cam arrangement was the natural solution.
But again MG was constrained by economic reality, BMC style. A DOHC head the MG could have, if it used the "B" block. This proved to be more difficult and expensive than if a whole new engine had been designed. It was not, as BMC management had envisaged, just a new head and cam-drive. Swapping the carb size required moving the distributor from mid-block on the right side to the left front of the engine. Connecting rods, bearings and pistons were changed, and a cavernous seven-quart finned-aluminum sump was added. A special cooling system supplied coolant under pressure to the head, while the block was thermosiphon cooled. And the engine, originally a 1500cc, was bored out to 1588cc to take the maximum advantage of 1600cc racing class limitations, and that meant changes to the block's water jacket design. Said MG's John Thornley, "About the only thing which were the same where the bore centers."
The new engine also prompted changes to the chassis. The steering rack had to be moved forward to clear the timing chain cover, as did the radiator. The radiator had to be modified to accommodate the altered cooling system. Stiffer springs and shocks accommodated a heavier engine, and the myriad of miscellanea had to be modified to handle the changes in power and weight.
The Twin Cam got Dunlop center-lock disk wheels, held in place by pins rather than splines, less likely in Abingdon's opinion to be fouled by amateur racer's haste. Dunlop also supplied the four-wheel disc brake system.
Such was MG's better mousetrap. Power was boosted from the 1500's 72bhp at 5500 rpm to 108 at 6700 rpm for the Twin Cam; the former quite out of breath at 6000 RPM, while the latter pulled strongly to a 7000 rpm redline result: Top speed to about 115, up from the mid-90s; quarter-mile down from 19.5 seconds to 18 flat. This performance may not seem overwhelming today, but an era when cars turning the quarter in well over 20 seconds could still be considered sports cars it was more than adequate.
It was certainly sufficient develop a following. One of the organizations springing up in the MGA's wake is the North American MGA Register. John Wright is a founding member of NAMGAR – it was formed in his living room – and not surprisingly, he owns an MGA. His example of the art of Abingdon is a 1959 Twin Cam, the subject of a five-year frame-off restoration by Wright, wife Linda, and good friend John Schiavone.
The car is in incredibly like-new condition. If anything, it is better than new. Wright substituted forged aluminum pistons for the cast originals, retaining a 9.921 compression ratio but with custom-made Veniola durability. Still, heeding the less fortunate experience of others, Wright blends racing gas with unleaded premium for a knock-proof brew.
Just getting in his Twin Cam is a memory jogging experience. Is there a sports car enthusiast who at some time was not in or around an MGA? The Twin Cam, like any MGA, has small doors and, especially with the top up, you must fold yourself as carefully as a roadmap to enter gracefully. The wire-spoked steering wheel is big and a little too close, and your feet disappear to find little pedals you'll never see. The pedals are also close together, and is not at all hard to hook your right foot under the brake pedal until you learn your way around. The large speedometer and tachometer are right in front of you where they belong and are easy to see, with the smaller gauges flanking the centrally mounted radio speaker grill. The horn button is over there to, so your navigator can do the honors in the thick of some rally.
Now, twist the key and pull the starter knob. The four rumbles impatiently. Put it in first. The short shifter knows the way home. Up comes the clutch and you're off. Accelerate. Quick shift a second. Accelerate. Third a precise throw away. You can feel the linkage guiding you as the engine growls its way through the gears.
A winding road lies ahead. The MGA is stiffly sprung, and where the road is smooth it is flawless handler. The engine's responsiveness, willingness, eagerness makes it easy to extract the maximum from the chassis. The car has that indescribable, know-it-when-you-feel-it balance. Even rough spots in the pavement only make the car hop to a new line. The composure, the balance, remains. Driving this car on a twisty road through one of the most colorful autumns in Maryland has seen in years makes you think this must be a dream or at least a TV commercial. It is that perfect.
So pity the Twin Cam if you must. But don't pity the Twin Cam owner who has taken the time to get it right. He is having too much fun.
Daimler SP250: One out of three wasn't enough AC Aceca Bristol: Predecessor of the "Snake" Turner 1500 MKIII: Out for a spin at the track 1976 Lancia Scorpion: In Search of a Stinger
1977 Porsche 924: New appreciation for the Porsche they loved to hate
Yugo GV and GVC: Yugo, he gone
Mazda Cosmo Sport: RX-7's honorable ancestor


Nigeria's large Tiv-speaking community received a powerful new tool for evangelism recently: the Revised Tiv Bible was officially launched by the Bible Society of Nigeria in the city of Makurdi before a gathering of more than 750 Christians.
The vast majority of the country's more than four million Tiv people are Christians. They have had the full Bible in their language since 1964, but many of them, particularly young people, find the language outdated and difficult to understand.
Will you join the American Bible Society in praying with Aguveren Uza to that end? We are grateful for financial partners who help make possible the distribution of God's Word in remote regions like this … and others around the world. And we rejoice in advance for all who will read and cling to this precious truth: "You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free" (John 8:32 GNT).
A vibrant Bible partnership is inspiring Rwandans to love their neighbors in remarkable ways.
Zambia: Record-breaking translations reach waiting language groups.
Ila and Nsenga speakers recently received God's Word in their heart language.


Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England.
Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England.
Blanchard, Joseph (1704-1758) and Samuel Langdon (1723-1797) An Accurate Map of His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire in New England. London: Thomas Jefferys, 1761. Over-sized engraved map on two sheets, joined, with outline color, mounted on linen, water stained, surface and edge loss, other discoloration and wear, in an old frame, 27 3/4 x 31 1/2 in.
This rare map was produced to illustrate the theatre of war during the French and Indian War, and despite its title, depicts a very large area of the northeast, including present-day Vermont, parts of New York, Massachusetts, present-day Maine, and Canada.


Legionella Risk Assessment- How to protect your business against Legionella?
In recent years, governments have been responding to rapid Legionella growth as a global health problem, with huge fines. Negligence surrounding the issue is no longer acceptable nor tolerated. Businesses that fail to control the risk of Legionella in their facilities are liable to be fined tens of thousands or even millions and in some serious cases, duty holders and business owners can face several years in prison on grounds of manslaughter.
Employers, landlords and responsible persons are accountable under several pieces of legislation to oversee, understand and control the risk of Legionella in their facility.
In the UK, the Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974; the Management of Health and Safety Regulations and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations of 2002, require responsible persons to take appropriate measures to reduce risk to employees and the general public.
of work. Legionella is a group 2 pathogen and EU legislation demands that an employer carry out appropriate risk assessments and take measures to protect their staff at work2.
In the US, ASHRAE 188 states that all facility operators should implement and enforce a water management program for any water system that could contain and spread Legionella, which is supported by CDC who advocates for appropriate maintenance of water systems and recommends a strategy for doing so4.
Appointing a responsible person or persons is the first step any business owner or manager should take to reduce Legionella risk. The chosen individuals MUST understand how to identify, manage, prevent and control risk while also upholding proper records of their duties1. The responsible person can be yourself, one of your workers or someone from outside of your business, but remember, whoever you choose must be competent. The duty holder is responsible for the safety of your water, and even if you chose to outsource water management services to a third party, he/she must ensure that all contractors meet the required standards.
Once you have appointed your responsible person, you should start planning your risk assessment.
At this point, if the competent responsible person, or the competent third party is sure that the risk is low and that all controls are being properly managed and maintained, no further action may be needed. However, this assessment MUST be reviewed regularly.
The best way to prevent the growth of Legionella is through solid design planning, frequent maintenance checks and appropriate control schemes. Keeping pipework as short and direct as possible; adequately insulating pipes and tanks; using materials that do not encourage the growth of Legionella and preventing contamination by fitting tanks with lids and insect screens, are just a few examples, provided by HSE, that will improve the design of your water system and will reduce risk of bacterial growth1.
Record keeping is the best way to build a timeline of data regarding the safety of your water system – by keeping up to date and thorough Legionella records you will not only be able to ensure that safety is being maintained and prove this in a court of law, but you will also be able to see emerging trends in water safety. This wealth of data can inform better decision making and improved control measures.
The primary method of Legionella control in any water system, as stated by HSE, is temperature control.
Hot water should always, where possible, be kept at temperatures of 60°C or above and distributed at temperatures of 50°C or above. It may also be necessary to fit thermostatic mixer valves to areas where a scald risk has been identified1. These high temperatures will in most cases kill off any Legionella present.
reactive when temperatures rise again. For this reason, it is crucial that control measures are well monitored and that systems are regularly tested.
It is also worth de-scaling, cleaning and draining the water system where possible, to check for signs of corrosion. Removing areas of stagnation, by removing dead legs, and flushing out infrequently used outlets weekly, will help to reduce the risk of Legionella growth.
In some water systems, the control of temperature can be difficult if not impossible for a number of suboptimal design reasons. However, there are other ways to control and treat Legionella in your water system; with copper and silver ionisation and biocide treatment for example. For these methods to be effective there must be proper installation, maintenance and monitoring of the overall water system and treatment programme.
Copper and Silver Ionisation: This method generates copper and silver ions and releases them through a current in the water system, distorting and weakening the Legionella cell walls and damaging supporting systems to the cell. This method is not corrosive to metal piping and in some cases, can actually help to plate and rejuvenate piping. This method, unlike chemical methods, does not gas off with distance in long or complex water systems, nor is it affected by high water temperatures, like chlorine dioxide and UV light systems5.
Oxidizing Biocides: Halogens like chlorine, bromine and chlorine dioxide are all oxidizing biocides. They are rapid and effective in killing bacteria but can cause corrosion and react with other chemicals present in the system. These chemicals are also sensitive to pH and must be used in parallel with careful controls (pH range between 7-10 required). Chlorine-based formulas can also fail to penetrate biofilm, creating protection for any legionella inside6.
Chlorine dioxide is recommended over chlorine or bromine because it is more effective at higher temperatures, less corrosive and is less sensitive to pH (pH range between 4-10 required). It is also more effective for penetrating biofilms and is approved in many countries for potable water treatment.
Bromine is only moderately effective for killing Legionella bacteria and requires higher concentrations. It is more effective than chlorine at higher pH levels and is not as corrosive6.
Non-oxidizing Biocides: Organic compounds such as BNPD (2-bromo-2-nitro- propane-1, 3-diol), glutaraldehyde, dithiocarbamates, isothiazolin, DBNPA (di-bro- mo-nitrilo-propionamide), and some quaternary ammonium compounds are all non-oxidizaing biocides. These compounds are much slower and must be added to the system in doses – often weekly. Overdosing is normal, and the biocide level is then allowed to decrease until the next dose is added. This method can be more expensive, more toxic to both animals and humans, more dangerous to store and handle and particularly hard to dispose of due to environmental regulation6.
Alternating the use of biocides, the frequency of use and the level of dosage in your system can help to minimise the growth of resistant strains of bacteria and is necessary for a good biocide programme7.
Routine testing is a crucial part of any successful risk management program. It is an important tool for keeping control measures, such as temperature and biocide levels, in check, for reducing risk to people's health and for saving businesses from huge fines and reputational damage. HSE advises monthly checking for sentinel outlets, which lie closest and furthest away from water tanks and cylinders; monthly checks for hot storage systems and checks for cold water systems every six months1. If your system presents more risk, due to age or complexity, or if there are vulnerable persons present in your facility, consider testing more frequently.
In the past, lab culture was the only testing method available to responsible persons and water management specialists. However, the method has been widely criticized for its slow time to result, low accuracy of only >65%8 and inability to detect Viable but Non-Cultural Bacteria9. However, new innovative testing methods are now making their way onto the market and can provide a more timely, simple and easy to use solutions for minimising risk and checking controls.
European Technical Guidelines for the Prevention, Control and Investigation, of Infections Caused by Legionella species.
1 Hse.gov.uk. (n.d.). HSE -Legionnaires' disease - What you must do. [online] Available at: http:// www.hse.gov.uk/legionnaires/what-you-must-do.htm [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
2 Osha.europa.eu. (2011). Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: a policy overview - Safety and health at work - EU-OSHA. [online] Available at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/litera- ture_reviews/legionella-policy-overview.pdf/view [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
3 Ashrae.org. (2015). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015, Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/book- store/ansi-ashrae-standard-188-2015-legionellosis-risk-management-for-building-water-systems[Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
5 Proeconomy.com. (n.d.). Copper and Silver Ionisation. [online] Available at: http://proecono- my.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Pro-Economy-What-is-Copper-and-Silver-Ionisation-.pdf[Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
6 Public Services and Procurement Canada. (2018). Appendix B: The use of biocides for Legio- nella control. [online] Available at: https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/biens-property/legionalla/ annexe-appendix-b-eng.html [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
7 Public Services and Procurement Canada. (2018). Appendix A: The use of biocides for Legio- nella control. [online] Available at: https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/biens-property/legionalla/ annexe-appendix-b-eng.html [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
8 International Standards Organization, Water quality — Enumeration of Legionella. (2017). ISO-11731[online] Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/61782.html [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].
9 Alleron, L., Merlet, N., Lacombe, C. et al. Curr Microbiol (2008) 57: 497. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9275-9 [Accessed 22 Jun. 2018].


Baby is allowed to consume some foods starts from the age of 6 months, but we should be careful to choose some kinds of food which is appropriate for the baby who is less than one years old. By incentivizing doctors to see many patients at a primary care level, Korean health insurance is most likely preventing a more serious and more expensive disease down the road. Good health is really defined as being able to function according to the way the body has been designed to function. Health Minister Jill Hennessy said the Victorian eReferral Program will make patient referral processes more efficient, safer and reliable. Policies implemented in 1989 require the release of information on request to state health departments regarding a hospital's mortality rate, its accreditation status, and its major deficiencies. Another health issue that causes death or contributes to other health problems is malnutrition majorly among children.
Part of the reason why the Korean did not follow the debate was because the entire thing was so moronic: to the Korean, it is obvious that a country should guarantee its citizens a health insurance, and the cheapest way to achieve that is a single-payer system like Korea's.
But if you drink excessively, you will have health problems such as liver and kidney disease and cancer in later life. It just involves paying special attention to your health needs, and a little preparation before embarking on the trip of a lifetime. When you choose healthy foods instead of sugary or high-fat foods you can actually improve your health by adding extra phytochemicals and fiber. This stress levels continue to build up and one day aimmense collapse make us awake that in all this frantic activity, we have overlooked to take care of one important thing – our health. The problem is that there are growing dissatisfaction about Korean health care system among the rich Koreans.
You could exercise at a moderate intensity and still lose weight at a healthy rate – as long as your eating plan is also under control. We experienced good personal care and peace of mind regarding our health and finances after this switch. Since testosterone is a key component of a healthy libido, this may mean that the urge is not as strong as it used to be.
The Department of Health will host the 40th IHF World Hospital Congress, to be held in Durban South Africa, from 31 October – 03 November 2016. Tasked with improving health outcomes for Australians through the delivery of digital healthcare systems and the national digital health strategy for Australia, the Australian Digital Health Agency (the Agency) commenced operations on 1 July 2016. Before forming HPSA in 1992, Mr. Laszewski was chief operating officer for a health and group benefits insurer. Learn which are the right types of fats, to create beautiful, supple skin, and a healthy body.


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Part of HuffPost Entertainment. ©2020 Verizon Media. All rights reserved.
11/26/2012 11:00 am ET Updated Nov 27, 2012
Lindsay Lohan Devastated By 'Liz & Dick' Criticism, Say Sources
By Naughty But Nice Rob
Friends say Lindsay Lohan wasn't prepared for the harsh criticism of her Lifetime movie "Liz & Dick." And instead of providing the career comeback the troubled star expected, her performance has left many wondering if she will ever be taken seriously as an actress again.
"Lindsay is devastated by the response to the film," a close friend of the actress tells The Huffington Post. "She has got used to all the negative press around her personal life but this is the first time she has experienced it about her work. No matter how bad things were going for her personally, everyone would always agree that she was a great actress."
The Hollywood Reporter compared the Lifetime drama to a "Saturday Night Live" skit. The New York Times accused the actress of "sleepwalking through scenes," while Entertainment Weekly made fun of Lohan's "frozen face" and "blank stare."
"Lindsay has already read her own press," one insider tells me. "She knew the script wasn't strong but thought she would bring the role of Elizabeth to life. This is particularly heartbreaking as her acting was the only thing in her life that she knew was real. Now she is doubting that, too."
However, not everyone agrees. Her dad, Michael Lohan, thought his daughter's performance proved once again that she is right up there with Meryl Streep.
"Due to the content, I had to step away from a lot of the scenes, but regardless of what some of these so-called critics, who don't have an ounce of talent in their bones say, Lindsay proved that she is an amazing actress. This was a different role for her at a difficult time of her life," Michael tells The Huffington Post. "She still has what it takes to be the Lindsay Lohan that is one of Hollywood's top actresses."
Lindsay and her dad have one last hope in turning this perceived disaster around, as nothing matters more in television than the ratings, which have not been released yet.
"Everyone wants to make great TV but ultimately what determines if a show is a success is the ratings," the Media Masters' Amy Rosenblum tells The Huffington Post. "Ironically, if a show finds a huge audience then it doesn't matter what the reviews or what the media elites think."
Lifetime and Lindsay's spokesperson did not respond to calls for comment.
Naughty But Nice Rob
Celebrities Lindsay Lohan Rob Shuter
Lindsay Lohan at the "The Parent Trap" Los Angeles Premiere on July 2, 1998.


text:
The union of taste and science
a poem, to which are subjoined a few elucidating notes
Publisher: Printed by John Neilson ... in Quebec
Statement by Stephen Dickson Esqr.
Pagination 1 microfiche (15 fr.).
I wouldn't recommend this book if you are looking for a gripping read or a book to spark someone's interest in science. However, for those who already have a particular interest in food science. David Julian McClements is a Distinguished Professor in food science who has used physics, chemistry, and biology to improve the quality, safety, and healthiness of foods for over 30 years. He has published over scientific articles and 10 books in this area and is currently the most highly cited food scientist in . McGee on Food and Cooking: An Encyclopedia of Kitchen Science, History and Culture by Harold McGee pp, Hodder, £ The Californian Harold McGee's On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of. The Science of Taste. An exploration of the global flavour industry and the mechanics of how we taste. 03 Apr GMT Science & Technology, US & Canada.
Download Liquid Intelligence: The Art and Science of the Perfect Cocktail Books by Dave Arnold, A revolutionary approach to making better-looking, better-tasting Dave Arnold's world, the shape of an ice cube, the sugars and acids in an apple, and the bubbles in a bottle of champagne are all ingredients to be measured, tested, and Liquid Intelligence, the creative force. Shepherd's article called for a new science combining the molecular biology of olfaction, the biochemistry of food preparation and the neuroscience of sensation and perception (Nature, Vol. , No. , ). He called this integrated science "neurogastronomy" and argued that it could have implications for diet and public health. ~PDF Books~ Franciscans and the Elixir of Life: Religion and Science in the Later Middle Ages Webs Library Best Sellers section. Find the best new books each week sorted by format and genre, including fiction, nonfiction, advice & how-to, graphic novels, children's books, and more. Get lost in a book Franciscans and the Elixir of Life: Religion and Science in the Later Middle Ages. Honorable Mention for the Forum for the History of Science in America Book Prize of the Forum for the History of Science in America For most of the second half of the twentieth century, the United States and its allies competed with a hostile Soviet Union in almost every way imaginable except open military engagement.
Through the senses of smell and taste we are able to perceive a staggering number and variety of chemicals in the external world. These chemical senses inform us about the availability of foods and their potential pleasure or danger. Smell and taste also initiate physiological changes required for the digestion and utilization of food. The many thousands of books in our collection have been sourced from libraries and private collections around the titles that Trieste Publishing has chosen to be part of the collection have been scanned to simulate the original. Our readers see the books the same way that their first readers did decades or a hundred or more years ago. This book wasn't really what I was expecting. I had hoped for a book-length version of Freakonomics' fascinating chapter on the dynamics of first names. Instead, this was a rather dry exercise that reads like a textbook, with precious few personal stories to add color/5(5). The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers , .
A practical essay on the venereal disease
Chain migration in Liberia
Stories Jesus told.
Wait for what will come
The Powerpuff Girls Power Kit!
Travels through France and Italy
The Perilous Gard (Perilous Gard)
winged gospel
Outsiders on the inside
Reflexive polymers and hydrogels
Railways, urban development and town planning in Britain
Buddhist Records of the Western World
Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials Processing
portrait of All the Presidents men
Shakspeare, Goethe, and Schiller illustrated
Eloise Wilkins Poems to Read to the Very Young (Lap Library)
The Waverley novels.
The rough guide to South India
The union of taste and science Download PDF EPUB FB2
Let's look at the second book: The Taste of Wine by Émile Peynaud. Peynaud is the grandfather of oenology — the science of winemaking and of wine assessment. Peynaud is revered in the world of wine as the grandmaster who really put thinking about winemaking and thinking of all of the factors that are involved in creating a better wine on a scientific standing.
Émile Peynaud in this book. "A mouthwatering exploration of the science of taste Stuckey tantalizes readers with details about the intricacies of taste.", Publishers Weekly "Fascinating A must for any food lover", San Francisco Chronicle "Try following even a handful of these pointers and your enjoyment of food will increase markedly.", Chicago Tribune "When it comes to fulfilling food, quality can be a Cited by: 3.
Taste Buds and Molecules is a must-have for oenophiles-turned-cook or cooks looking to pair wines with more confidence."—Drink Me magazine "The most powerful, and even empowering, elements of the book are the charts that link a main flavor with all of the culinary components and wines with which it shares a common molecular makeup/5(53).
The science of taste is amazing. Next time you sample your favorite flavor, take some time to really appreciate it. This blog post was written by Dr. Chris Iliades. About the Author. Chris Iliades has a medical degree and over 20 years of experience in clinical medicine and clinical research.
Chris has been a full time medical writer and. The author wishes to thank all speakers and participants at the International Symposium on The Science of Taste for enthusiasm, criticism, and constructive discussions on all aspects of taste, science, cooking, and gastronomy.
The symposium was supported financially by the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, the Carlsberg Foundation, the Umami Information Center, and the Cited by: 6. NPR's Audie Cornish talks with Nolan Gasser, chief musicologist and architect of Pandora Radio's Music Genome Project about his book Why You Like It: The Science and Culture of Musical Taste.
Neither the science of musical preference nor the intricacies of music theory prevent him from telling the story of musical taste in plain, accessible, and infectiously enthusiastic language." —Elizabeth Helmuth Margulis, musicologist, cognitive scientist, and author of On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind.
The presentation on 'The Umami Taste' by Shizuko Yamaguchi in the International symposium on food taste chemistry, which was jointly organized in by the American Chemical Society and the Chemical Society of Japan in Hawaii, was an important step to introduce the fundamental concept of umami taste in sensory science as well as the use.
Taste is crucial for the sensory evaluation of food. This sense allows the detection of essential nutrients and toxic compounds. Human beings are able to discriminate five primary different taste qualities: sweet, umami (the taste of amino acids), bitter, salty, and sour.
Explore thousands of old and rare books, including illuminated manuscripts, fine press editions, illustrated books, incunabula, limited editions and miniature books.
Whether you're a budding rare book collector or a bibliophile with an evniable collection, discover an amazing selection of rare and collectible books from booksellers around the. Essentially, neurogastronomy shakes up how we look at food and taste: Instead of investigating how researchers can alter the taste of food by re-engineering what we eat, this science.
Tyee Books The Science of Taste and I think it undermines exactly what you lay out in your book: that the human propensity for taste and olfaction is.
This book looks at flavour generation, flavour analysis and sensory perception of food flavour and how these techniques can be used in the food industry to create new and improve existing products. Part one covers established and emerging methods of characterising and analysing taste and aroma compounds.
Science experiments for kids to learn about the sense of taste. Fun STEM activities for the Five Senses unit study for preschool kindergarten to grade 5. Science and technology in the Soviet Union served as an important part of national politics, practices, and the time of Lenin until the dissolution of the USSR in the early s, both science and technology were intimately linked to the ideology and practical functioning of the Soviet state, and were pursued along paths both similar and distinct from models in other countries.
The Science of a Sixth Sense. Pillars of the series, the two bring their diverse academic training in anthropology and electrical engineering to bear on the strange and exciting topic of psychic phenomena that belie traditional understandings of taste, touch, smell, sight, and sound.
Adventurous cooks, curious foodies, and fans of spicy recipes. Break new ground with this spice book like no other. Be inspired to make your own new spice blends, and take your cooking to new heights. Spice will help you understand the practical science behind the art of cooking with spices.
If you've ever wondered what to do with that unloved jar of sumac, why some spices taste stronger than. Audio Books & Poetry Community Audio Computers, Technology and Science Music, Arts & Culture News & Public Affairs Non-English Audio Spirituality & Religion Librivox Free Audiobook Audio Tech Podcast Audio version of Outreach Meetings Hora Perdida 72通りの名前のあるラジオ。.
Taste of Union. likes. Taste of Union is an annual event to celebrate the unique and varied cuisine of Union County, NC as well as raise funds for Operation Reachout - a Christian ministry based.
The Science behind Foodpairing ® Foodpairing is a scientific method to identify which foods & drinks go well together.
To understand why ingredients match it's important to know how humans perceive flavour. The complex story of our flavour experience. It's long been understood that our experience of food is a complex story and evolves all our. The Colorado Hebrew Chorale is launching a new virtual monthly series: L'Chaim – A Taste of Jewish Music from – Anywhere.
The first program will be held Monday, Aug. 17,pm MDT Attendees will "travel" to Tel Aviv together with Cantor Janet Ilene Roth of Congregation Ohr Shalom/the Summit JCC in Summit, NJ.
The Cantor recommends that participants prepare sabich (pita with. The Union is the only international voluntary scientific organisation with partners providing a neutral platform to fight TB, HIV, asthma, tobacco and lung disease, in low- and middle-income countries through technical assistance, education and research.
Because science requires us to make skillful observations using our senses, kids need to fully understand the five senses before moving on to other science lessons.
You can help a child become fully aware of their sense of taste, the part of their body they use to taste and learn about taste buds using the activities below. Calling all new students: Leave your wallet, but bring your appetite.
The University of Arizona's Dining Services is collaborating with the Residence Hall Association to host a block party with food, entertainment and prizes on Saturday night that is expected to draw 7, people.
"We just want to give the students a welcome back or a first welcome to the community," said Lisa. The Taste Book discount dining and activity book features hundreds of special $10 discount coupon offers at fine dining, upscale and family style restaurants.
Plus additional coupons to save $5, $10 and "Buy one get one free" deals at casual eateries, retailers and attractions. Save 84% off the newsstand price. There's good taste, and according to scientists, there's supertaste.
Blue food coloring is going to tell me where I lie on the continuum. Armed with a bottle of. Our report, The State of Science in the Trump Era, finds that the administration has continued to undermine science.
These attacks have not gone unanswered, however. Sustained pressure from scientists and their allies has played a key role in. Flavour perception is determinant for the acceptability of food products by consumers.
Aroma and taste play an important role in flavour perception and it is well known that the chemical composition of the matrix and consequently its structure. A report by the Union of Concerned Scientists documents many of these events.
These negative developments prompted us in April to write a " Statement to Restore Science. THE SECRET SCIENCE OF THE SOUL makes an elegant argument for the union of science and spirituality in light of this new evidence, and explains why a truly rational viewpoiunt must address the reality of the spiritual world.
but since I will be using the referral fees from web sales of this just published book to help support the TASTE. Why You Like It: The Science and Culture of Musical Taste Nolan Gasser. Flatiron, $ (p) ISBN bayou groove that keeps its fans coming back.") The book is a sprawl.
The idea that Canadian sommellier François Chartier presents in his book Taste Buds and Molecules: The Art and Science of Food, Wine, and Flavor is .If you like Life's Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order From Chaos you might like similar books Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order, Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science Of Evo Devo And The Making Of The Animal Kingdom, Life On The Edge: The Coming Of Age Of Quantum Biology, Reality Check: How Science Deniers Threaten Our Future, Vehicles: .