Every animation or video production follows a series of stages that need to be signed off by you, the client.
This ensures that your project is delivered on time and on budget.
The average production time for a one to two minute animation might be between 6 and 8 weeks.
A video production timeline will depend upon the availability and location of the subject and the complexity of any additional motion graphics.
We meet in person, on the phone or on Skype to discuss your project. Where will your animation or video be seen? Who's the audience? What's the duration? Will it have audio or not? Do you have existing brand guidelines or assets that you'd like to use? Have you got a particular budget in mind? This first briefing is a really important opportunity to clarify any questions you might have and for us to understand what you're hoping to achieve and to advise you on the best way forward. Your delivery deadline is important to establish. Then we can work out a schedule.
Every animation needs a script. We can write a script for you or you may already have one you have written yourself. A one minute voiceover script will be roughly between 120 and 150 words so it's important to be concise and focus on the key messages that you need to convey to your audience. If there is no voiceover then we need to plan how your message is delivered on screen without audio. A video may speak for itself or it may also have a voiceover – it will still need planning so that it says what you want it to say.
From our initial briefing meeting we hope to have an idea of the kind of visual style that you're looking for. We will produce some style frames which we can discuss and refine. We'll consider the use of brand colours and how the animation or video may sit alongside your other marketing materials, social media and website.
A storyboard is an illustrated timeline of the animation or video showing how the visuals correspond to the script or storyline. Sometimes a rough test animation is produced to show how the movement of a section of animation relates to the voiceover – this is called an animatic. The storyboard or animatic is subject to feedback and discussion and is critical to ironing out any changes before animation production begins.
You will need to consider age, accent, gender and budget when selecting a voiceover artist. We will organise sample voiceovers for you to choose from as well as the final professional recording. We can also work with a voiceover you have provided.
We can select a music track to enhance your animation, work with music you provide or have something composed especially for you. Our team will deal with licensing costs on your behalf.
At this stage we should have an agreed visual style, script and storyboard as well as a voiceover and music (if we need it). If we're filming then we will recce and source locations, cast any actors or presenters and we'll draw up a schedule so everyone knows what they are doing and when. As we go we'll keep you updated with progress by sending snippets and sections for comment and feedback. With the previous stages all signed off there shouldn't be any big surprises and we would expect amendments to be tweaks rather than big changes.
We will deliver a digital HD master file and any other file formats you have specified. We can advise you on the best formats for using on the web or social media as well as events and broadcast.


text:
Q: Check ViewContext.RouteData.Values to see if parameter exists How can I check to see if Values contains a parameter before assigning it to a variable?
null checks do not seem to work
    var offeringId;
    if (@ViewContext.RouteData.Values["offeringId"] == null) {
        offeringId = null;
    } else {
        offeringId = @ViewContext.RouteData.Values["offeringId"];
    }

    //the above line translates to the code below in the console when executed.
    //If the value doesn't exist, nothing is displayed on the left side of the = operator.

    var offeringId;
    if ( == null) {
        offeringId = null;
    } else {
        offeringId = ;
    }

A: Do this first:
@{ string offeringValue = ViewContext.RouteData.Values["offeringId"] ?? "null";}

Then assign offeringId like this:
var offeringId = @offeringValue;

If ViewContext.RouteData.Values["offeringId"] == null, your script will look like this:
var offeringId = null;

?? is the null coalesce operator (it will return the first value that is not null)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home : Forums : General Discussion : World : Finland tells 900K military reservists to be prepared 'in the event of war'
Tagged: finland, military, nato, reservists, war
This topic contains 0 replies, has 1 voice, and was last updated by Benjamin 4 years, 1 month ago.
May. 22, 2015 at 7:00 pm #1508
Tiina Takala/Finnish Defence MinistryFinland has put almost a million army reservists on notice in case of hostilities.
Finland has sent letters to nearly a million military reservists, setting out their roles "in the event of war" in reaction to rising tension with neighbouring Russia.
The letters have been dispatched to 900,000 former conscripts in the armed forces, including Finns living abroad.
The first were sent earlier this month, with the final batch distributed in the past few days.
Finland is not a member of NATO and the country shares a 1,335-kiolometre border with Russia — the longest of any European nation apart from Ukraine.
In the aftermath of Russia's annexation of Crimea and the invasion of eastern Ukraine, Finland could be vulnerable to any further aggression.
The letter tells the reservists which regiment or unit they should report to in the event of hostilities. "Attached you will find your personal details as well as your role in the event of war," it reads.
One Finnish reservist, who received the letter, said: "The timing was not random. It is clearly due to a more aggressive stance by the Russians. I've been in the reserves for 15 years and this is the first time I've received something like this. They send out letters like this very rarely."
Finland's army has 16,000 soldiers, but it could expand to 285,000 if reserves were called up.
The government has denied that the letters are connected to the tension with Russia or the crisis in Ukraine, saying that plans for the mass mail-out began two years ago.
"The reservist letter is associated with our intention to develop communications with our reservists, and not the prevailing security situation," said Mika Kalliomaa, a spokesman for the Finnish Defence Forces. The aim was to check that the armed forces had the right contact details for all reservists, he added. But experts said that, even if the initiative predated Russia's seizure of Crimea, the letter was clearly prompted by worries about the Kremlin's intentions.
"If Russia had headed down the path towards being a liberal democracy, there would not have been the pressure to do this," said Charly Salonius-Pasternak, a senior research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
"In the current reality, it makes sense. The Finnish Defence Forces want to make sure that if they need to blow the whistle, they can rely on 230,000 reserves."
The Finnish Defence Forces want to make sure that if they need to blow the whistle, they can rely on 230,000 reserves
Salonius-Pasternak added: "That is linked to the increasing instability in the region. Russia has shown that it can transport large numbers of troops across vast distances very quickly. I have never had so many people coming up to me asking if they should be worried about the security situation."
The Soviet Union invaded Finland in 1939 and seized more than 10 per cent of the country's territory. During the Cold War, Finland was officially neutral, but remained under the influence of its larger neighbour.
In recent months, Russian warplanes have frequently probed Finnish air defences. In April, the Finnish navy resorted to depth-charging a suspected submarine that was detected near Helsinki. Finland has also strengthened its ties with NATO and promised more military co-operation with Nordic neighbours.
http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/fearing-russian-aggression-finland-tells-900k-military-reservists-to-be-prepared-in-the-event-of-war

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A couple of new Xiaomi devices have been certified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US. The FCC ids are 2AFZZ-RMSC3DG and 2AFZZ-RMSC3CG, while model numbers are M1804C3DG and M1804C3CG. The listings further reveal that both devices run MIUI 9.
Sadly, nothing else is known about these devices currently, including what specs and price tag they'll carry and when they'll be available. The Mi Max 3 is set to be made official next month, so it's possible these devices will also be unveiled then, but there's no confirmation at the moment.
this phone is redmi 6a i had 1 of it now.
2 to 4 a week.


The Department of Architecture requires that students fulfill 500 hours of internship in order to graduate. The department believes that this is an essential part of each student's professional development. Undergraduate and graduate students must show evidence of a minimum of 500 hours of professional internship.
The website has information on the basics for becoming an Architect and if you follow the Start Link on the home page you can follow the link to register for NCARB and establish your personal NCARB account and NCARB eligibility date. Students may sign up for NCARB anytime they are ready to start recording hours in their account. NCARB charges an initial fee of $350 to be an NCARB member. NCARB will delay the full payment for 3 years while a student is in school. A $100 payment is required to start so students should wait to register until they are ready to actively start recording hours needed for graduation; these hours will also count towards your internship requirements for professional registration.
Your new NCARB registration number.
5. University: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Print out and return the form to the Department Office or email the PDF form to Kip Dickson . Make sure to save the form with a new file name so that your entries are saved.
NCARB provides extensive supporting materials that describe the IDP process. Much of this material is covered in ARC 471 Professional Practice. Students are responsible for their personal professional development and should download and read all of the NCARB materials that are provided online. The Department of Architecture accepts 500 NCARB hours in any NCARB IDP category. Your Cal Poly Pomona internship requirement will be satisfied by submitting a copy of your official NCARB transcript or progress file, showing a minimum of 500 hours, to the Department of Architecture IDP Coordinator Professor Kip Dickson , R.A.
You will need to record your internship hours online and then the hours will have to be confirmed by your qualified supervisor at work. This is done through an online process described in the NCARB materials.
The current economic situation may make it somewhat challenging for students to find employment. NCARB provides a description of many alternatives for approved work, including employment with engineers, landscape architects, and contractors, volunteer work for non-profit organizations, study books and online education opportunities that allow the 500 hour Cal Poly Pomona requirement to be satisfied without employment. Students should not engage in uncompensated work for for-profit firms When employed, students should be aware of the NCARB requirements for a minimum number of hours per week and number of consecutive weeks of employment before beginning work. This information is available on the NCARB website. Your Cal Poly Pomona IDP Coordinator does not play any role in qualifying or approving hours. Your Coordinator may advise you, but you are ultimately responsible for taking charge of your professional development requirements.
Do not apply for graduation unless this internship requirement is complete or will be completed during the quarter you anticipate that you will graduate. If you have not completed your internship requirement, this does not prevent you from participating in the commencement ceremony in June; it means that you will need to file an Academic Petition to Graduate Out of Residency and will file for graduation via BroncoDirect when your internship requirement is satisfied.


S.M. 2013, c. 54, s. 10.
2 Except as specifically herein otherwise provided, this Act applies to every cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum, in the province whenever established, laid out, or constructed.
2.1 The board has, in respect of any matter coming before it under this Act, all the powers given to the board under The Funeral Directors and Embalmers Act in respect of matters coming before it under that Act.
S.M. 1999, c. 21, s. 2; S.M. 2013, c. 54, s. 10.
3 The owner of a cemetery shall enclose every part thereof by walls or fences of the height of four feet six inches at least, and shall prevent all animals from trespassing within the enclosure.
4 The owner of a cemetery shall, out of the moneys received in respect thereto, keep the cemetery and the buildings and walls or fences thereof in good order and repair.
5(1) The owner of a cemetery shall construct and maintain all proper and necessary sewers and drains in and about the cemetery for the purpose of draining it and keeping it dry.
5(2) The owner may, as occasion requires, cause any sewer or drain to open into an existing sewer of the highway, street, road or land through which or part of which the opening is intended to be made; and he shall do as little damage as possible to the highway, street, road or land and shall restore it to the same condition or as good a condition as it was before being disturbed.
6 If the owner of a cemetery makes default in carrying out any of the provisions of sections 3, 4, and 5, he is guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine of not more than $50. for every such default.
7 If the owner of a cemetery at any time causes or suffers to be brought to, or to flow into, any river, spring, well, stream, canal, reservoir, aqueduct, lake, pond, or watering place, any offensive matter from the cemetery whereby the same is fouled, he is guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, in addition to any other remedy existing by law, to a fine of not more than $50. for every such offence.
8(1) In addition to the penalty provided by section 7, any person having a right to use the water may sue the owner of the cemetery for any damage specially sustained by him by reason of the water being fouled.
8(2) If in the action no special damage is alleged or proved, the court shall award a sum not exceeding $10. for every day during which the fouling has continued after the expiration of 24 hours from the time when notice of the fouling was served, by the person mentioned in subsection (1), upon the owner of the cemetery.
9(1) The owner of a cemetery may erect, within the bounds of the cemetery, a chapel and vault or a vault alone for use as a repository for the dead during the winter months.
9(2) The chapel and vault or the vault alone shall be of stone or brick or part stone and brick, and all vault doors shall be of iron and wood encased in iron sheeting, and all vault windows or other openings in the vault shall be protected by iron sheeted shutters; and there shall be no open connections between the vault and the chapel except underneath the floor for the reception of the coffin.
10 A mausoleum may be erected in any cemetery.
11 Except as provided in sections 9 and 10, no person shall be buried in a vault or otherwise, in or under any chapel or other building in a cemetery, or within 15 feet of the outer wall of any chapel or building therein.
12(1) The owner of a cemetery shall make regulations to ensure that all burials within the cemetery are conducted in a decent manner.
12(2) In the case of a public cemetery, the owner shall permit the religious denomination to which the deceased belonged to perform the usual religious rites on the deceased's interment.
13(1) The owner of a public cemetery shall furnish graves for strangers and for the poor of all denominations on the certificate of a clergyman that the deceased was a stranger or that the deceased and his relatives are poor.
13(2) The certificate shall state the municipality in which the person died, and that municipality shall pay the owner of the cemetery, if other than the municipality, his customary charges on the presentation of the certificate to the clerk of the municipality.
14 The real property of the owner of a cemetery that is used as such, and the lots or plots when conveyed by the owner to individual proprietors for burial sites shall not be liable to be seized or sold in execution or under judgment or attached or applied to the payment of debt or passed to the assignee under any bankruptcy or insolvency law.
15 Where a lot or plot has been sold by the owner of a cemetery for burial site, the conveyance or transfer need not be registered for any purpose whatever, and shall not be affected by The Registry Act or The Real Property Act; nor shall any judgment, mortgage or encumbrance subsist on any lot so conveyed or transferred.
Take notice that the (giving name of owner), in consideration of dollars, paid to it by , of , the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, doth grant unto the said his heirs and assigns lot of land in the cemetery of the said owner, called and situate in the of , which lot is delineated and laid down on the map of the said cemetery, and is therein designated by the name of , containing by admeasurement superficial feet; to have and to hold the herein above named premises, etc.
17 All lots or plots of ground in a cemetery, when numbered and conveyed or transferred by the owner of the cemetery as burial sites shall be indivisible, but may afterwards be held and owned in undivided shares.
18(1) The owner of a cemetery in which is situated a mausoleum may sell or otherwise dispose of crypts or compartments in the mausoleum for the entombment of bodies therein.
18(2) Where a crypt or compartment is sold or disposed of for the purpose of entombment, the conveyance or transfer need not be registered for any purpose whatever, and shall not be affected by The Registry Act or The Real Property Act; nor shall any judgment, mortgage or encumbrance subsist on any crypt or compartment so conveyed or transferred.
(b) the plans therefor, and the site thereof, have been approved in writing by the minister.
19(2) No crematory shall be constructed nearer to any dwelling house than 200 yards, except with the consent in writing of the owner of the dwelling house, if he is the occupier thereof, and also with the consent of the tenant or occupier, if the owner is not the tenant or occupier thereof.
applicable thereto, a crematory may be constructed, maintained, and operated, in any municipality and at any place therein, either in a cemetery or elsewhere.
19(4) No human bodies shall be cremated in any crematory and no crematory shall be maintained or operated unless the operator thereof holds a valid and subsisting licence for the purpose issued under this Part.
19(5) Subject as herein provided, on payment of the required fee, the board may issue to the operator of a crematory a licence authorizing the maintenance and operation of the crematory.
applicable thereto, and in accordance with this section.
(c) an engineer designated by the minister charged with the administration of the Public Works Act has certified that the construction of the crematory has been completed and that it is built on the site approved and in accordance with the plans approved.
19(8) Every crematory shall be maintained and operated in accordance with any regulations applicable thereto made under this Act, The Public Health Act, or any other Act of Legislature, and in accordance with all validly enacted municipal by-laws applicable thereto.
S.M. 1998, c. 39, s. 71; S.M. 2013, c. 54, s. 10.
20(1) Every licence issued under section 19, unless sooner suspended or cancelled, shall expire on March 31 following the date of the issue thereof.
may suspend for such period as it deems desirable, or may cancel, a licence issued under section 19; or, for like cause, it may refuse to issue a subsequent licence for a further period in place of a licence that has expired.
20(3) Before suspending or cancelling a licence, and before refusing to issue a subsequent licence for a further period in place of a licence that has expired, the board shall, by written notice, notify the licensee named in the licence or expired licence of its intention so to suspend or to cancel the licence or to refuse to issue a licence, and of a time when, and a place where, it will hear representations by or on behalf of the licensee respecting the proposed suspension, cancellation, or refusal.
20(4) At the time and place fixed in the notice given under subsection (3), or at any adjournment thereof respecting which the licensee has had notice, the board shall hear the licensee or counsel on its behalf respecting the matter.
20(5) At a hearing held under subsection (4) the board may receive the testimony of witnesses either on oath or otherwise, and in person or by affidavit; and the licensee or counsel on his behalf may examine witnesses on behalf of the licensee and cross-examine any witness whose testimony supports the proposed suspension, cancellation, or refusal.
(b) if an individual, to a fine not exceeding $500.
wilfully makes any false representation or issues or signs any false certificate, is guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, in addition to any penalty or liability that he may otherwise incur, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 15 months.
22(1) A person licensed under section 19 is entitled to demand and receive payment of charges or fees for the cremation of human bodies in the crematory for the maintenance and operation of which it holds a licence; but, if a table of charges or fees is established by regulation under section 39, the charges or fees shall be in accordance with that table.
22(2) Any charges or fees, and any expenses, properly incurred in or in connection with the cremation of the body of a deceased person shall be deemed to be part of the funeral expenses of the deceased.
23 All statutory provisions relating to the registration of deaths and certificates of registration and all other provisions required to be observed before a burial is permitted shall, with such modifications as the circumstances require, be observed in all cases where human bodies are cremated, and all provisions relating to registers of death, and the admissibility of extracts therefrom as evidence in courts or otherwise, shall likewise apply to registers of cremations directed by the regulations to be kept.
(d) to moneys paid or payable under any sale, lease, rental, or agreement to which clause (c) applies.
S.M. 1999, c. 21, s. 3.
Licence required for operation of cemetery, etc.
25(1) No person shall maintain or operate a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum unless he holds a valid and subsisting licence for the purpose issued to him under this Part.
Licence required by owner for sale of lots, etc.
25(2) No person, and no corporation by its officer, employee, or agent, shall sell or offer for sale, or lease or rent or offer to lease or rent, a lot, plot, compartment, or other space, in a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum owned by him or it, unless he or it holds a valid and subsisting licence for the purpose issued to him or it under this Part.
25(3) No person shall, as agent for or on behalf of the owner of a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum, sell or offer for sale, or lease or rent or offer to lease or rent, a lot, plot, compartment, or other space, in the cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum unless he holds a valid and subsisting licence for the purpose issued to him under this Part.
26(1) The board may issue, in such form as is prescribed in the regulations, a licence for the maintenance and operation of a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum.
Issue of licences for sale, etc.
26(2) The board may issue, in such form as is prescribed in the regulations, a licence to the owner of a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum and to any person as agent for such an owner, authorizing the licensee to sell, lease, or rent or, on behalf of the owner, to offer for sale, lease, or rent, lots, plots, compartments, or other space in the cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum.
26(3) The board shall charge and collect for each licence issued by it such fee as is prescribed by the regulations.
26(4) Every licence issued under this section expires on March 31 following the date of the issue thereof.
27 No owner of a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum shall sell, lease, or rent any lot, plot, compartment, or other space therein unless the form of the contract of sale, lease, or rental has been approved by the board.
28(1) From all moneys received on the sale, lease, or rental of a lot, plot, compartment, or other space in a cemetery, columbarium, or mausoleum, the owner thereof shall deduct and set aside for perpetual care such portion of those moneys as may be prescribed in the regulations.
28(2) Every owner shall, not less frequently than once in each year, pay over to the authorized trustee all moneys that he has deducted and set aside under subsection (1) since the coming into force of this section, or since the last previous occasion on which he has paid over such moneys to the authorized trustee, as the case may be.
29(1) An authorized trustee receiving perpetual care funds from an owner of a cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum shall hold the funds in trust for the purpose of funding the owner's perpetual care obligation in respect of the cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum and shall pay the funds and any income from the funds to the owner only as required or permitted under this Part or by the board.
29(2) An authorized trustee receiving perpetual care funds from an owner shall establish a separate account for the funds received in respect of each cemetery and each columbarium or mausoleum that is not part of a cemetery.
29(3) Sections 68 to 75 of The Trustee Act apply in respect of the perpetual care funds held by an authorized trustee.
29(4) Where the other provisions of this Part cease to apply to a cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum, the board may direct the authorized trustee holding perpetual care funds in respect of the cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum to pay the funds to the owner or to another person approved by the board and may impose conditions or restrictions on the use of the funds and any income earned on the funds.
S.M. 1999, c. 21, s. 4.
30(1) An authorized trustee may in each year deduct and retain, as remuneration for its services as trustee of a fund established in respect of a cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum, a portion of the income of the fund not exceeding the portion prescribed by regulation and, subject to a direction of the board under subsection (2), shall pay the balance of the income for the year to the owner for the perpetual care of the cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum.
30(2) The board may direct an authorized trustee to pay the income of a fund established for the perpetual care of a cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum to the owner only to the extent required to pay, or to reimburse the owner for, expenses reasonably incurred for that purpose, and the trustee shall pay the income to the owner as directed by the board.
30(3) All amounts paid to an owner under this section for the perpetual care of a cemetery, columbarium or mausoleum shall be used by the owner only for that purpose.
31(1) In this section, "perpetual care funds" includes funds payable to the authorized trustee under section 28 and income from those funds paid by the trustee to the owner for perpetual care.
31(2) Every owner shall submit to the board, within five years after becoming an owner and thereafter at intervals not exceeding the lesser of five years and any shorter interval specified by the board, an account of the owner's dealings with perpetual care funds that have come into the owner's possession after becoming an owner or after the end of the last period for which the owner's accounts were passed, to be examined, audited and passed by the board.
31(3) In addition to any passing of accounts required by subsection (2), the board may at any time direct an owner to submit to the board an account of the perpetual care funds that have come into the owner's possession after the end of the last period for which the accounts were passed, to be examined, audited and passed by the board.
(ii) to make a full disclosure and accounting of all perpetual care funds that have come into the possession of the owner at any time.
31(5) Where in the board's opinion the accounts submitted to the board are complicated and require expert investigation, the board may appoint an accountant or other skilled person to assist the board in examining and auditing the accounts, and the cost of obtaining the assistance shall be borne as the board determines.
31(6) The board may, on application by an owner, notice of which has been served on the authorized trustee, extend the time for the passing of accounts required by subsection (2) or by a direction given under subsection (3).
31(7) The board may pass accounts under this section without a hearing unless the board determines that a hearing is necessary or advisable for the accounts to be examined or passed.
(c) may report its findings to the Attorney-General.
33 An owner shall from time to time furnish to the authorized trustee such information with respect to perpetual care funds as the authorized trustee may require.
34 In addition to the powers, rights, and obligations, created by this Act, the provisions of the general law, either statutory or otherwise, apply to an owner or trust company with respect to any perpetual care funds in his or its hands to the same extent as they are applicable to any trustee having funds or property in his hands for charitable purposes.
34.1(2) If a corporation commits an offence referred to in subsection (1), a director or officer of the corporation who authorized, permitted or acquiesced in the commission of the offence is also guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $5,000., whether or not the corporation has been prosecuted.
34.1(3) When a contravention referred to in subsection (1) by a person continues for more than one day, the person is guilty of a separate offence for each day the contravention continues.
S.M. 1999, c. 21, s. 5.
35(3) [Repealed] S.M. 2013, c. 47, Sch. A, s. 120.
S.M. 2011, c. 29, s. 2; S.M. 2012, c. 40, s. 5; S.M. 2013, c. 47, Sch. A, s. 120.
(b) if the justice considers an order to be just in the circumstances, order the defendant to pay an amount as restitution if the amount is readily ascertainable.
35.1(2) If an amount is ordered to be paid as restitution, the order may be filed in the Court of Queen's Bench, and on being filed it may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment of the court.
35.1(3) Every person who is ordered to pay restitution must make the payment in accordance with the order.
S.M. 2011, c. 29, s. 3.
36(1) Any person who commits any of the acts specified in section 35 is liable to an action for damages or trespass in the name of the owner of the cemetery and is liable to pay all damages occasioned by his unlawful act.
36(2) Any damages, when collected, shall be applied by the owner of the cemetery for the reparation and the reconstruction of the property destroyed.
37 Where any of the inhabitants of a municipality or locality in Manitoba, to the number of 10 or more, desire to take a conveyance of land for a public cemetery they may appoint trustees, to whom and their successors, to be appointed in such manner as may be specified in the transfer or deed of conveyance, or in default of provision therein or on failure of the provision therein, as provided in The Trustee Act, the land may be transferred or conveyed; and the trustees and their successors in perpetual succession, by the name expressed in the transfer or deed, may take, hold, and possess the land in trust for the uses and purposes limited in the transfer or deed; and may maintain and defend suits or actions for the protection thereof and of their property therein; but there shall not be held in trust under any such transfer or conveyance for the purpose aforesaid more than 10 acres of land for the inhabitants of any one municipality or locality.
38 Any board of trustees organized under section 37 may convey the lands held by it for cemetery purposes to any municipality for the purpose of continuing the same as a public cemetery.
(p) prescribing the portion of the income on invested perpetual care funds that, under subsection 30(1), the authorized trustee may deduct and retain as remuneration.
S.M. 1999, c. 21, s. 6.


text:
How to Protect Patrons' Digital Privacy
As broadband privacy rules are rolled back, what can libraries do to respond?
By Anne Ford | April 21, 2017
On April 3 President Trump signed a measure repealing Obama-era broadband privacy rules. Those rules, which had not yet gone into effect, would have required internet service providers (ISPs) to obtain customers' permission before selling their information to third parties—information that includes browsing history, location data, and other highly sensitive content.
"The librarian profession cares a great deal about the public's right to privacy, and this is a very serious erosion of that," says Alison Macrina. Macrina is director of Library Freedom Project, an organization that educates librarians about privacy-related rights and tools. "It means that whatever ISP we use in the library is now privy to the browsing habits of our patrons. It also means that a third party will be able to monetize the data of our community members."
The good news, she adds, is that in her view, "it is possible for us to have solutions to these problems, even if they're just interim technical solutions. I'm afraid that people, when they understand the immensity of these problems, will decide not to do anything, but doing something really does matter. It is possible to get the toothpaste back in the tube."
But how? Macrina and other privacy advocates offer several suggestions for libraries to consider as they determine how best to protect their patrons' digital privacy.
Make sure your library's website uses the HTTPS protocol. Does your library website's URL begin with HTTPS, rather than just HTTP or WWW? Good. That means that communication between that website and a patron's computer is encrypted.
"If a patron [at home] uses a library's online catalog, for example, those communications include the queries they type into their browser, what they select, and in some cases, what they click on to download and read," says Marshall Breeding, founder of Library Technology Guides, editor of ALA TechSource's Smart Libraries newsletter, and author of several books including Cloud Computing for Libraries (ALA Tech Source, 2012). "Without that HTTPS encryption, anyone can see what's going back and forth. It means that ISPs, as they peer from one part of the network to the other, can capture that traffic and sell it." With HTTPS, ISPs can see that a patron visited the library site, but not the pages they accessed or the books they looked up.
Right now, Breeding has found, fewer than 50% of the libraries he's queried use HTTPS for their websites, and fewer than 30% use it for their online catalog traffic. "These numbers are not great," he points out. "My concern is that library practices fall far short of the values that we have for protecting patron privacy."
For help implementing the HTTPS protocol, libraries can consult the Electronic Frontier Foundation or Let's Encrypt.
Negotiate with your ISP. "Libraries are in a position, unlike individual consumers, to negotiate with their ISP to agree not to track users when they're using the library's internet connection, or at least not to sell user data," says Mike Robinson, professor of library science and head of the systems department at the Consortium Library of the University of Alaska Anchorage and Alaska Pacific University. "If it's a national ISP that's not making any exceptions, you might get caught up in that. But a lot of ISPs serve organizations, and I don't think libraries are going to be the only ones who don't want that tracking."
Consider installing the Tor browser on library computers. "Tor is a free and open source web browser that hides a lot of the information that is leaked when you use a typical web browser," Macrina explains. "It hides your location info, and it obscures your browsing history from your ISP. If you use Tor, the ISP has nothing to sell."
That said, using Tor tends to mean that web pages will be downloaded more slowly. Users may also find themselves being required to enter CAPTCHAs to access some websites.
Educate your patrons about virtual private networks (VPNs). A VPN is a way to hide your online activity from your ISP. "It basically creates an encrypted tunnel for your Wi-Fi traffic to go through," Macrina says. The ISP can see that you're connected to the VPN, but it can't see what you're actually doing online.
Unfortunately, VPNs are difficult to use at scale in a library environment. "You have to have a lot of control over your users in a way that libraries don't," she says. Instead, "when we're teaching computer classes and things like that, we can recommend that patrons use VPNs on their own at home." Libraries can also educate patrons about the value of other privacy-protecting tools, such as the Disconnect and HTTPS Everywhere browser extensions.
Advocate with lawmakers for greater online privacy protections. "All of these are technical solutions, but we need political solutions," Macrina says. "Libraries need to lobby on behalf of privacy legislation," such as the broadband privacy bills that are under way in Illinois and Minnesota. "We need to petition the lawmakers who voted badly on this and shame them for how much money they get from the telecommunications industry. We need to reach out to lawmakers who are sympathetic to privacy concerns and demand that they do something to reverse this. It's possible to have an internet where we don't have to sacrifice all this information just to get basic services."
ANNE FORD is editor-at-large for American Libraries.
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The Legal Regime on Industrial Parks in Ethiopia
By Seyoum Yohannes
Attorney-at-Law, GeTS Law Office
A Prelude
In this part, we set the stage for the discussion of the legal regime governing industrial park in Ethiopia. In particular, we begin by throwing light on the genesis, meaning and purpose of industrial parks. We then give a brief account of how they surfaced in Ethiopia.
1.1 The Genesis, Meaning and Purpose of Industrial Parks
An industrial park is a type of special economic zones (SEZs). The origins and goals of industrial parks can, thus, be best understood by shedding light on SEZs. A number of countries have launched special economic zones (SEZs), known by different appellations, over the last three hundred years. The earliest special economic zones mostly took the form of citywide zones located on international trade routes as were those established in Gibraltar (1704), Singapore (1819), Hong Kong (1848), Hamburg (1888) and Copenhagen (1891).[1] The first modern SEZ was established in Ireland in 1959.[2]
Today, special economic zones come in many forms and shapes like free trade zones (FTZ) that are typically fenced-in duty free areas, export processing zones (EPZ) where industries focused on the export market locate, specialized zones including science and technology parks, freeports that accommodate all types of activities including tourism and retail sales etc.….[3] Whatever its form or name a modern special economic zone may be understood as a geographically delimited space (usually fenced-in) that is considered a separate customs area with streamlined customs procedures. Yet another feature of SEZs is that enterprises located within them are offered some sorts of incentives by law. A special economic zone is generally operated under a single management.[4]
Governments strive to accomplish various things through SEZs. They aim to develop exports, create jobs and cause transfer of technology. Besides, they use such zones to pilot new policies and regulations, for instance, in areas like customs administration, labour, public-private partnership and utilization of hard currency.[5]
Development of special economic zones has both infrastructural and policy rationales.[6] To start with the former, developing countries find it very difficult to provide a competitive institutional and physical infrastructure that attracts investment across the length and the breadth of their countries. They, thus, attempt to attract investment by providing state-of-the-art physical infrastructure in geographically delimited areas of the country. They also cut bureaucratic red tape in such areas by providing one-stop shop service to businesses that physically locate in the area.[7] In short, SEZs are meant to be islands of excellence.
1.2 The Introduction of Industrial Parks in Ethiopia
The creation of an institutional and infrastructural island of excellence in a developing country such as Ethiopia requires making a high level policy choice to that effect and spending significant portion of the country's meagre resources to the development of such area. More pertinently, it also requires coming up with a special legal regime that helps provide business-friendly operations, minimize red tape, foster competition, streamline regulation, make procedures flexible, and provide for efficient one-window interface between, at least, the government and businesses.[8] This kind of understanding was developed in the policy making circles of the Ethiopian Government close to a decade ago.
The idea of special economic zones was, therefore, introduced in the Investment Proclamation 769/2012 and its Amendment Proclamation No. 849/2014 though both use the term 'industrial development zone' rather than special economic zone. Although the term 'industrial development zone' sounds like only a type of special economic zone the Ethiopian law takes it as even broader concept. Proclamation No 849/2014l clearly indicates that the term industrial development zone includes 'special economic zones, industrial parks, technology parks, export processing zones and free trade zones.'[9]
That said, the two proclamations do not go much beyond floating the idea.[10] It appears from the earliest Ethiopian laws that the idea at the time was that such zones would not be developed by private actors alone. They were to be developed by the Federal Government of Ethiopia, in partnership with the private sector, if need be.[11] About a year after the issuance of the Investment Proclamation, the Ethiopian Industrial Development Zones Corporation was established by the Council of Ministers Regulation No. 297/2013 with the aim of developing, administering and promoting industrial development zones.[12] This entity was very short-lived. It was replaced by the Industrial Parks Development Corporation in 2014 as will be seen below.
The Core Laws Governing Industrial Parks in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has carved out a special normative framework for industrial parks. Of course, the regime on industrial parks is complemented by the ordinary commercial and investment laws on which we do not dwell in this piece. The principal laws that focus on industrial parks are:
Industrial Parks Proclamation No. 886/2015;
Industrial Parks Regulation No. 417/2017;
Industrial Parks Development Corporation Establishment Regulation No. 326/2014 and
Investment Board Directive and Incentives Package for Industrial Parks.
In what follows, we shall highlight some of the most pertinent features of these laws.
The Industrial Parks Proclamation No. 886/2015
2.1.1 Purpose and Core Matters Regulated
This legislation forms the bedrock of the legal regime on the subject of industrial parks. It is augmented by the Industrial Parks Regulation and Industrial Parks Directive issued by the Council of Ministers and the Board, respectively. It has been issued with the objective of 'regulating the designation, development and operation of industrial parks,' according to Article 4(1) of the proclamation.
It identifies three principal players in the context of an industrial park. These are the industrial park developer, industrial park operator and industrial park enterprise. An industrial park developer is a for-profit entity that develops a park. It could be a public enterprise, public-private partnership entity or a wholly private entity, according to Article 2(10) of the Proclamation. An IP operator is similarly a for-profit entity that operates and maintains a park. Interestingly, the proclamation states that the operator also promotes the industrial park.[13] An IP enterprise is a for-profit entity that engages in manufacturing or rendering service in a building rented from the developer or erected by itself within the industrial park.[14]
The proclamation allocates rights and obligations to industrial park developers, operators and enterprises. Article 4 of the proclamation confers on an IP developer the right to develop a park, let factories, and even sell separately the different sheds and factories that it constructed. It may also participate in the financial markets to secure loans, guarantees and similar resources for the venture. Besides, it may operate the park itself so long as it meets the technical, personnel and related requirements for securing license as an operator.[15] So, it is conceivable for the developer to wear the hat of an operator too.[16] The obligations of a developer include construction of the park infrastructure per the terms of the investment agreement and permit, including the requisite facilities for the customs area and office space to be used for the provision of one-stop shop service.[17] The proclamation explicitly prohibits transfer of undeveloped land to any person or entity.[18] Speculation in land under the guise of park development is a serious concern on the part of the state.
An industrial park operator manages and operates a park on behalf of the developer. Its duties fundamentally emanate from the park operator agreement it concludes with the developer of the park. The law envisages as possible duties sub-leasing factory space to investors, maintaining in operational conditions all the shared facilities in the park and promoting the park.[19] Interestingly, the proclamation also imposes on the operator duties that are not particularly suited to its for-profit nature. A case in point is the obligation that the law lays down on an IP operator to 'link domestic manufacturing enterprises with industrial park enterprises in order to develop their technological capacities and to benefit them from international markets.'[20]
Coming to an industrial park enterprise, the Proclamation does not vest in it meaningful new substantive rights. Essentially Article 9 that is supposed to deal with the matter states that an IP enterprise 'will obtain tax, customs duty and other incentives as provided in [the] applicable laws….[21] Its obligations include carrying out 'investment activities' in compliance with the terms of the investment permit in a timely manner.[22] Moreover, it is under obligation to 'replace expatriate personnel or professionals by Ethiopian nationals.'[23] Curiously, it has also the obligation to allow the placement of persons in the enterprise for technical, vocational and entrepreneurship trainings.[24] It has to support educators in providing technical, vocational and entrepreneurial education, in other words.
2.1.2 Investment Administration in the Context of a Park
The Industrial Parks Proclamation also attempts to put in place a comprehensive, transparent and predictable map of investment administration in the context of industrial parks. The foundations of the extensive powers vested in the Ethiopian Investment Board and Ethiopian Investment Commission relating to the establishment, management and operation of industrial parks are also provided in some detail under this Proclamation.
It vests in these organs regulatory[25] and complaints handling duties. The proclamation requires the establishment of a one-stop shop service within an industrial park. It envisages the relevant government agencies providing their services in one facility within each park while retaining their mandate regarding the subject matter. The Ethiopian Investment Commission is tasked with the coordination of the service delivery by these entities.[26] The proclamation anticipates that further details regarding the services and operation of the one-stop shop will be provided by a regulation to be issued by the Council of Ministers.[27]
2.1.3 Scope of Application
Article 3 that deals with the scope of application of the proclamation states that the proclamation applies to 'the federal industrial park activities or activities undertaken in connection with them as well as to any person conducting any activity in the federal industrial parks.' (Emphasis added). The proclamation does not, however, define what a 'federal park' is.[28] That being said, this may imply that the Proclamation does not apply to Agro-Industrial Parks that are being established in different parts of the country by the Regional States unless they obtain designation as industrial parks by the Federal Investment Board.[29] The regulation of such parks could, thus, raise lots of issues unless the regional states concerned come up with detailed rules governing the rights and obligations of the stakeholder in such parks or somehow incorporate into their own state laws federal laws that govern industrial parks.
Industrial Parks Council of Ministers Regulation No. 417/2017
This is the regulation that was anticipated to be issued by the Council of Ministers by Article 32(1) of the Industrial Parks Proclamation. It fleshes out some of the provisions of the proclamation. In particular, it spells out the requirements for the designation of an industrial park, the supporting evidence that the investor should submit with his application and the time frame within which decision should be given on its application.[30] It also specifies some basic requirements for construction and land utilization within the park by the developer and industrial park enterprises that may wish to construct facilities or make changes to existing structures.[31] Besides, it spells out the requirements for and timeline for securing investment permits for industrial park operator and enterprise.[32]
A major import of the regulation is that it tries to cut bureaucratic red tape that park developers, operators and enterprises face. To this end, it aims at streamlined and well-coordinated provision of services by almost all pertinent government agencies in the one-stop shop service at the level of each industrial park. It establishes a one-stop shop service that is coordinated by the Ethiopian Investment Commission. It lists down some 26 major services that should be made available at the level of each park.[33] These include:[34]
amendments to investment permit and commercial registration;
issuance and renewal of business license;
issuance and renewal of visa, residence permit and wok permit;
tax related registration, decisions on exemption from payment of customs duty, and assessment of income tax;
issuance of certificate of origin and other supporting documents regarding products destined for export and
approval of environmental assessment studies and the issuance of pertinent certificates.
Notable measures have been taken by the Ethiopian Investment Comission to simplify, outline, standardize and codify the provision of services through the one-stop shop scheme. That being said, reports indicate that the work-process map regarding certain categories of services is yet to be developed by the mandate-holding institutions.
The Achilles heel of the one-stop shop service envisaged by the Ethiopian laws is that each service is to be provided by a government agency that has mandate regarding the relevant service. Of course there is no prohibition against delegation of powers and mandates by the relevant agency to the EIC or another agency of its choosing. EIC has the legal mandate of only coordinating delivery of services by the relevant agencies, for which it seems to have limited institutional and human resource capacity. A draft internal study by the EIC identifies as major problems in this regard the following:[35]
Many agencies have yet to establish internal structure and comprehensive working procedures to accommodate the special requirements of industrial parks;
Institutional reluctance and tension between various agencies that are required to provide service in the OSS continue to undermine the effectiveness of the overall service and
Institutional segregation and bickering over issues of mandate/responsibility, and lack of shared vision, initiative and wholesale commitment still remain.
Industrial Parks Development Corporation Establishment Regulation No. 326/2014
Regulation No.326/2014 establishes the Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC). This is a state owned enterprise that develops parks and administers the parks developed.[36] It has developed a number of parks including Hawassa Industrial Park, Kombolcha Industrial Park and Mekelle Industrial Park. It is like any other developer in this sense though the fact that it is a public enterprise implies that it also strives to attain some public goals besides profit making.
The IPDC does, however, have roles that go beyond the foregoing. Its establishment regulation indicates it doubles as a land bank from which other developers take land to develop. Particularly, Article 5(2) imposes on it the duty to develop a national spatial plan for the development of industrial parks and establishing a land bank by taking land from the regional states of Ethiopia. The Industrial Parks Regulation No. 417/2017 attempts, under Article 8, to provide the modalities that the IPDC should follow in executing its mandate as a land bank. It provides that the IPDC should conclude an agreement with the relevant regional state when it takes land into the land bank. The agreement should be such that it enables the IPDC to either develop the land by itself or transfer it under leasehold to another park developer. It does not appear that IPDC is issued leasehold title certificate for land it takes in its role as land bank. Particularly, Article 8(2) states that the corporation shall secure leasehold certificate as regards land in the bank that it itself wants to develop into a park. This seems to imply that it does not have title to all land in the bank. Hence, transfer of land to which it, itself does not have title deed could prove problematic if we stick to the laws. Other issues that could prove problematic include payment of compensation to, for example, farmers when taking land into the land bank, and determination of the lease price when the IPDC transfers land to another developer, which could effectively be a competitor.
What is more, it has the obligation to 'make the necessary infrastructure accessible to other industrial park developers' in 'collaboration with the concerned bodies.'[37] The infrastructure that the IPDC is supposed to make accessible to other developers cannot be on-site infrastructure. That is to be provided by the other developers themselves. If a developer expects provision of infrastructure within the perimeters of its own park form the IPDC, what makes it a developer? So, the infrastructure envisaged must be off-site infrastructure, it appears. A more fundamental question that raises its head at this juncture is who provides the funding? Does the IPDC only coordinate relevant government entities and utility companies to make roads, water, electricity, telecom and other infrastructure accessible to a park being developed by a private developer or does it have to go beyond this and foot the expenses?
Industrial Park Directive and Incentives Package
The Ethiopian Investment Board has also issued a directive that complements the Industrial Parks Proclamation and Regulation. It has also approved fiscal and non-fiscal incentives for industrial park developers, operators and enterprises. While some of the incentives apply to many other investors quite a few are peculiar to those investing in industrial parks. The fiscal incentives that are unique to industrial parks include, for example, exemption from income tax for 15 years that is given to an investor that develops a park in areas outside Addis Ababa and the special zone of Oromia surrounding Addis Ababa.[38] The duration of the income tax exemption period that is given to an investor that develops a park in Addis Ababa or its surrounding is only ten years. Besides, expatriate employees of industrial park enterprises are exempt from paying income tax for five years.[39]
Industrial park investors are also accorded a number of non-fiscal incentives including expedited visa procedures, customs facilitation and the one-stop shop service discussed already.[40] These are, of course, on top of a number of other incentives that apply to many other investors, depending on the sector of investment and the part of the country in which they have invested.[41]
[1] FIAS, Special Economic Zones, Performance, Lessons Learned and Implication for Zone Development (2008), p. 9
[2] Id., pp 2-3
[3] Id., p. 3
[4] Id., p.9
[5] Id., p. ____.
[8] FDRE Ministry of Industry, Draft Special Economic Zones Regulation: Explanatory Presentation and Policy Note (2013), (Document available on file with the author)
[9] Investment Amendment Proclamation No 849/2014, Article 2(17)
[10] Articles 33 to 35 of Proclamation 769/2012 state that the Federal Government may establish such zones either on its own or in joint venture with the private sector. The law also envisages the establishment of an organ that administers and supervises industrial development zones by a regulation to be issued by the Council of Ministers. It also anticipates that the regulation to be issued by the Council shall determine the designation of Zones, the rights and duties of investors in the zones and the like.
[11] Id. (Proc 769/2012, Article 33 to 35)
[12] Council of Ministers Regulation No. 297/2013, Articles 2 and 5.
[13] Industrial Parks Proclamation No. 886/2015, Article 2(11)
[14] Id., Article, 2(12)
[15] Even where the Industrial Park Developer wants to operate its own park it needs to apply for investment permit for that purpose and meet all the requirements of the law. Article 8 of the Industrial Parks Regulation No. 417/2017 makes this point expressly.
[16] Id., Article 5(5).
[17] Id., Article 6(1)
[18] Id. Article 6(6)
[19] Id. Article 8(2) and Article 7(1) and (2).
[22] Id., Article 10(1)&(2)
[23] Id., Article 10(5)
[25] Id., Article 29
[26] Id. Article 27.
[28] Proclamation 886/2015, Article 2 that defines a number of terms as used in the Proclamation Makes no mention of the term 'federal park'.
[29] Id, Article 25(1) and 2(18). An Industrial Park is designated by the Federal Investment Board according to the Industrial Parks Proclamation.
[30] Industrial Parks Council of Ministers Regulation No. 417/2017, Article 5 and 7.
[31] Id., Article 11. The law attempt to achieve optimal utilization of land within a park by specifying the proportion of the built up are and open space such as green areas. Article 5(5) provides land to be used for construction of factories, other facilities and infrastructure should neither be less than 50% nor more than 75% of the entire area of the park, for instance.
[32] Id., Articles 8 and 9
[35] Ethiopian Investment Commission, Draft Report on Institutionalization of Knowledge on Industrial Parks: Efficient Investment Administration, (a zero draft that is available on file with the author)
[36] Industrial Parks Development Corporation Establishment Council of Ministers Regulation No. 326/2014, Article 2(1) & 5(1).
[38] Ethiopian Investment Commission, Industrial Parks in Ethiopia: Incentives Package, p. 8. Document available at: http://www.investethiopia.gov.et/images/pdf/Industial%20Parks%20Incentives%20FINAL%20VERSION.pdf, last visited on 18 October 2018
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text:
Costa Group: 12.6 billion euros and over 63,000 jobs in Europe
The findings of a study on the economic impact of Costa Group have been released
Liguria is the Italian region that draws the greatest benefits from the presence of Costa Group, with a contribution of 511 million euros to the local economy and the creation of over 3,200 jobs, including 1,100 generated directly. In addition to hosting the company's head office in Genoa, Liguria also features three homeports (Savona, Genoa and La Spezia) where Costa Cruises and Aida Cruises call regularly, with a total passenger throughput of approximately 1.2 million in 2019. In 2017, Costa Cruises and the Italian Merchant Navy Academy Foundation, in cooperation with the Liguria Region, inaugurated the Accademia Ospitalità Italiana Crociere, Italy's first training academy for on-board hotellerie positions, which to date has trained almost 500 individuals, 94% of whom have been employed directly on board the cruise liners' ships.
In Genoa in 2018 Costa contributed over 280 million euros to the local economy and created over 1,800 jobs. A further increase is expected in 2019 with the weekly Friday port of call of Costa Fortuna in Genoa since the end of March, registering a total of over 170,000 passengers, which will rise to 185,000 in 2020 with the replacement of Costa Fortuna with Costa Pacifica.
With a total cruise passenger throughput of 850,000 in 2018, Savona is the main homeport of the Costa Cruises brand, which directly operates both terminals of Palacrociere. The contribution of Costa Group to Savona's local economy is 125 million euros and 700 jobs. A further increase is expected over the next few years, with the arrival of Costa Smeralda, the new liquefied natural gas-powered flagship with low environmental impact, scheduled to call at Savona and La Spezia every week from the end of 2019. In order to cater for the specific requirements of Costa Smerlada, works on the main quay and the Palacrociere terminal building are near completion, for a total investment programme of over 20 million euros financed by Costa and the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.


The TV presenter could barely watch!
She's admitted she's terrified of pretty much everything, so we're not quite sure how Holly Willoughby is going to make it through three weeks of Bushtucker trials on I'm A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here!
Having jetted Down Under to join Declan Donnelly for the brand new ITV series, Holly is worlds away from her usual This Morning shift – facing a number of new on-screen pressures, including creepy crawlies and slippery reptiles.
In a jungle update from tonight's edition of the show, Emily Atack faces the very first 2018 Bushtucker trial – aptly named The Viper Pit.
After hurtling into camp via parachute yesterday, the 28-year-old Inbetweeners actress now has another reason to scream at the top of her lungs – as she comes face-to-face with some slithery new mates.
With the hopes of feeding her new campmates, Emily has to retrieve gold stars from a number of chambers and hell holes with snakes in.
And whilst the star looks pretty focused on getting dinner on the table for her jungle co-stars, Holly is anything less than composed – looking pretty freaked out by Emily's reptilian company.
In the preview, 37-year-old Holly watches Emily attempt one of the snake-ridden chambers – warning her to 'just be really gentle'.
As Emily attempts to pull the star out of the chamber, a snake appears to jump onto her hand, causing a very distressed Holly to dart off-screen and into the bush behind her.
The Aussie wildlife will definitely take some getting used to for Holly, as I'm A Celebrity onsite medic Bob has the TV personality is 'more scared than the celebrities'.
Speaking with The Sun, he said: 'Holly's more scared than all the celebrities put together, I'm not joking.
Anyone else counting down the hours until tonight?!


"To the greatest fans in the world..."
"We're about to embark on the 'Avengers: Infinity War' press tour. We will be visiting fans all over the world screening only a limited amount of selected footage from the film in order to avoid spoiling the story for future viewers.
"We will not screen the film in its entirety until the Los Angeles premiere shortly before the film's global release. Everyone involved with the film has worked incredibly hard for the past two years maintaining the highest level of secrecy. Only a handful of people know the film's true plot.
"We're asking that when you see 'Infinity War', in the coming months, that you maintain the same level of secrecy so that all fans can have an equal experience when they watch it for the first time. Don't spoil it for others, the same way you wouldn't want it spoiled for you.
"Good luck and happy viewing.


Qualcomm's Snapdragon 600 is brand new and it has started its way into smartphones. Samsung stated that the Galaxy S4 will be available as a 4G device with a 1.9GHz quad-core processor in UK.
It also features a tri-core PowerVR SGX544MP3 graphics.
[/list] [blockquote cite=""] The Qualcomm's Snapdragon 600 chipset comes with a quad-core Krait 300 processor and Adreno 320 graphics and it has incredibly increased the performance over its predecessors. Qualcomm said that the Snapdragon 600 offers a massive performance increase as compared to the Snapdragon S4 Pro.
Galaxy S4 is coming out with different processors in different regions of the world. In USA it uses the Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 quad-core processor while in most of the other regions outside the states it comes with Samsung Exynos "Octa" processor with 8 CPU cores (4 active, 4 backup). It will be interesting to see how these two will compare to one another!


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This fits your. The folksy charm of Charles Wysocki's artwork shines through in this 750-piece jigsaw puzzle series. Cat lovers and non-cat lovers alike will enjoy putting together these incredibly detailed puzzles that showcase cats doing what they do best – hanging out. These two kitties lounge among all things cowboy like boots, a cowboy hat and a red scarf. One kitty sleeps against the travel trunk as the other peers over a cactus. For more than 40 years, Charles Wysocki enjoyed his love affair with life and Americana and through his imaginative and colorful artwork, touched the hearts of millions worldwide. "Chuck" felt a special kinship with Puzzlers, who share in the creative process by building his paintings one piece at a time. Every Buffalo Games jigsaw puzzle is manufactured in the U.S.A. from recycled puzzle board. A precision cutting technique guarantees that every piece will fit soundly with the company's signature Perfect Snap™. A bonus puzzle poster is also included so that you have a handy reference of what the completed puzzle should look like while you put yours together.


Lesson 1: 1 Samuel 1:4-20 Elkanah had two wives. Hannah was barren and was ridiculed by the second wife, Peninnah. When the family went to Shiloh to worship, Hannah slipped away to pray. She prayed so intensely with tears for a son that the high priest, Eli, accused her of being drunk. In her prayer she promised God that if he gave her a son, she would dedicate him to the Lord. In due time she had a son and named him Samuel.


Five ingredients, just slightly over 100 calories per serving…this is my dream dessert. I provide two methods for this recipe. I prefer the water bath/baking method to the stovetop method... The post Luscious Sugar-free Chocolate Custard (2 Methods) appeared first on An Unrefined Vegan.


Excellent! We are always drawn to FRISKP's fantastic work. Never, never miss it!!
2000 created unique MMD models of idols as always. If you haven't seen 2000's other work, check them out from the auther tag on the lower right.
It's a SeptumP's stylish movie. We're sure that you enjoy three idols' well-synchronized dance from the beginning to the end.


They are here - October 2, 2010. Starting at 2:45 AM, we have 10 puppies - 5 boys and 5 girls. Some wavy and some curly. All are black with some white marking on their chest and most have it on their neck as well. Some have white chins. No Zorro or Pieta image clones.
Nature had her way with this litter. There were 17 puppies and those who did not make it did not have a chance as they were stillborn. Despite my resuscitation efforts, it was not to be. There is speculation from the vets that she did not have room for large enough placentas or room for the oxygen they needed. 17 is a huge number of pups and explains Pieta's size and discomfort. So we are feeling very blessed with the ones we have and are putting all our efforts into helping them get a good start.
Congrats to Pieta!! Can't even imagine 17 puppies and 10 is a nice and rounded number. Can't wait to see more pics.
Congratulations to Pieta and of course you too! Cannot wait to see photos!


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Daily Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner with selected beverages (water, soft drink, house wine, tap beer, tea and coffee).
Free Kayak (subject to availability).
Upgrade meal plan to All Inclusive supplement for US$ 60.00 per person, per night.
Above price quoted in US$ is based on 2 Adults for 4 Nights inclusive of all taxes (10% Service Charge, 12% T-GST and Green Tax of US$ 6.00 per person per night) / excluding any card payment or bank transfer fee.


Guru Maps is available in a ready-to-use state and app settings should be considered as an optional and more advanced way of using the app. Settings let you configure app options, purchase additional features and manage geo data representation.
To switch to another map to display, select Map Source menu in app settings. There are two types of maps you can use within the app: offline and online maps.
Vector map source is set by default. Once you've downloaded it (internet connection required), it will be available offline. Vector maps are detailed, smooth, fast and provide high-quality image rendered in real time on the device. It takes up less storage space than raster maps.
Note: you can also use your own maps in .sqlitedb and .mbtiles formats, previously created on a computer and then imported into your device. Such maps can be viewed offline even when your mobile device has no internet connection. However, any personal raster/tile maps will use considerably more space than vector maps you may install.
Caching is always enabled – the app saves all recently viewed map images in your cache and keeps them available for offline usage. To save maps, navigate to the area you are going to visit and zoom-in to the lowest viewable level of detail while you have access to the Internet. The level of saved detail will reflect the zoom level you viewed.
Note: map download speed can vary while using online sources, and depends on the speed of your Internet connection and the speed of the server from where the map is downloaded.
In addition to built-in online raster maps, Guru Maps also supports custom online maps. You can add any source you like using a special XML file that contains a description of map provider.
Read also: Custom Map Sources.
You can configure Guru Maps to display all text on a vector map at a comfortable font size. To increase, decrease, or change the default font size, go to app Settings > Font and Languages.
To set how often to refresh cached map tiles, go to Settings > Cache Info. All tiles older than selected time will be downloaded while browsing online.
All loaded map tiles will be automatically saved to your device's storage and can be managed in Settings > Cache Info, so you can delete the tiles you no longer need if you want to free up storage space.
To hide trip monitor panel from the map view, turn off this option.
To enable the real-time display of coordinates on the map, turn this option on. If enabled, "crosshairs" will appear in the map's center with coordinates and zoom level in the selected format.
The screen of your device will be turned off automatically after a specified period of time to save on power. Turn this option off if you want your device not to lock the screen while using the Guru Maps app.
Filters will be applied for new and imported tracks.
To set the units system and coordinates format you would like to use within the Guru Maps, go to Settings > Units Format.
NM — for nautical miles & kts.
Select the mode in which the route will be built.
Note: to download a map with navigation data you need to use "Online First" or "Offline" mode.
The default language for voice instructions you hear while navigating a route depends on the language your device is set to use.
Note: as the App uses text-to-speech (TTS) engine instead of pre-recorded audio, correct pronunciation depends on the TTS engine.
Guru Maps allows you to synchronize all your data to make your collections visible and available through all your devices using your Facebook or Google account.
App uses Facebook/Google login only for authentication, this does not let the Guru Maps post or share your data.
To enable synchronization feature, go to the app Settings > Sync and select the appropriate way to authenticate.
Backing up data is a great way to minimize accidental data loss and restore the most important geodata on your device.
Tap Back Up My Collections button on Settings > Data Backup screen to backup the collections within the app.
Note: created backup only includes data from My Collections (bookmarks and GPS tracks), and it doesn't include downloaded and cached tiles.
Backups are stored on your device and will be removed automatically when the app is removed. To prevent data loss, we recommend saving your backups regularly.
You can use cloud services (Dropbox, OneDrive, Adobe Creative Cloud, Google Drive, etc) to save them.
Move .gbackup2 file to Internal Storage > Guru_backups folder. All .gbackup2 files from this directory will be listed in Guru Maps. Go to Settings > Data Backup and tap preferred backup.
Note: restoring from backup will remove all current bookmarks and GPS tracks in My Collections.
If your device supporting SD Card memory extension and one of your storages become insufficient you can change default Map Download Storage in Settings > Maps Storage. After selecting one of the available storages all downloaded Maps will be moved to selected one. Maps will be downloaded on the storage with the largest amount of free space by default. If you don't see Maps Storage Settings your device might not support SD Card memory extension or SD Card is not present.


What are the main advantages of using a model for concurrency based on processes over one based on threads and in what contexts is the latter appropriate?
Fault-tolerance and scalability is the main advantages of using processes vs. threads.
A system that relies on shared memory or some other kind of technology only available when using threads, will be useless you want to run the system on multiple machines. Sooner or later you need to communicate between different processes.
Using processes you are forced to deal with communication through messages, which is the Erlang way of doing communication. Data is not shared, so there is no risk of data corruption.
Another advantage of processes is that they can crash and you are perfectly ok with that, because you just restart them (even across network hosts). If thread crashes, it may crash the entire process, which may bring down your entire application. If an Erlang process crashes, you will only lose that phone call, or that webrequest, etc.
OS processes have many drawbacks that make them harder to use, like the fact that it takes forever to spawn a new process. However, Erlang has it's own notion of processes, which are extremely lightweight.
With that said, this discussion is really the topic of research. Please read Joe Armstrongs paper on fault-tolerant systems if you want to know more about Erlang and this kind of philosophy.
The disadvantage of using a process-based model is that it will be slower. You will have to copy data between the concurrent parts of your program.
The disadvantage of using a thread-based model is that you will probably get it wrong. It may sound mean, but it's true-- show me code based on threads and I'll show you a bug. I've found bugs in threaded code that has run "correctly" for 10 years.
The advantages of using a process-based model are numerous. The separation forces you to think in terms of protocols and formal communication patterns, which means its far more likely that you will get it right. Processes communicating with each other are easier to scale out across multiple machines. Multiple concurrent processes allows one process to crash without necessarily crashing the others.
The advantage of using a thread-based model is that it is fast.
It may be obvious which of the two I prefer, but in case it isn't: processes, every day of the week and twice on Sunday. Threads are too hard: I haven't ever met anybody who could write correct multi-threaded code; those that claim to be able to usually don't know enough about the space yet.
In this case Processes are more independent of eachother, while Threads shares some resources e.g. memory. But in a general case Threads are more light-weight than Processes.
Erlang Processes is not the same thing as OS Processes. Erlang Processes are very light-weight and Erlang can have many Erlang Processes within the same OS Thread. See Technically why is processes in Erlang more efficient than OS threads?
Processes have their own isolated memory. Processes can have multiple threads.
Exchanging data between processes is slower than between threads. Breaking the process isolation always requires some involvement of kernel calls and memory remapping.
Threads are more lightweight than processes. The operating system has to allocate resources and do memory management for each process.
Using processes gives you memory isolation and synchronization. Common problems with access to memory shared between threads do not concern you. Since you have to make a special effort to share data between processes, you will most likely sync automatically with that.
Using processes gives you good (or ultimate) encapsulation. Since inter process communication needs special effort, you will be forced to define a clean interface. It is a good idea to break certain parts of your application out of the main executable. Maybe you can split dependencies like that. e.g. Process_RobotAi <-> Process_RobotControl The AI will have vastly different dependencies compared to the control component. The interface might be simple: Process_RobotAI --DriveXY--> Process_RobotControl. Maybe you change the robot platform. You only have to implement a new RobotControl executable with that simple interface. You don't have to touch or even recompile anything in your AI component.
It will also, for the same reasons, speed up compilation in most cases.
Edit: Just for completeness I will shamelessly add what the others have reminded me of : A crashing process does not (necessarily) crash your whole application.
Want to create something highly concurrent or synchronuous, like an algorithm with n>>1 instances running in parallel and sharing data, use threads.
Have a system with multiple components that do not need to share data or algorithms, nor do they exchange data too often, use processes. If you use a RPC library for the inter process communication, you get a network-distributable solution at no extra cost.
1 and 2 are the extreme and no-brainer scenarios, everything in between must be decided individually.
For a good (or awesome) example of a system that uses IPC/RPC heavily, have a look at ros.
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Adonara Hotel Management has established a presence in the Indonesian hospitality industry since 2011. Not only do we specialize on hotel management, but we are also focused on apartment and other types of accommodation.
The name of Adonara is derived from one of the many beautiful islands that belong to the archilepago. Located in the Nusa Tenggara Islands, Adonara is famous for its beautiful landspaces, rich culture, and mesmerizing tourism sports.
Adonara's magical charmand magnificience reflects the world-class hospitality delivered here at our properties under Adonara Hotel Management.
Our professional team is set to assist you with their international standard expertise. Under the umbrella of Adonara Hotel Management, every member of our solid team are trained to represent the best in the hospitality industry.
We currently manage three to five-star hotels and budget hotels in various strategic locations across Indonesia. What set us apart from others in the Industry is that Adonara is nicely designed with a homey concept that boasts laidback atmosphere and warm hostpitality, so as to give every guest a memorable experience.
Our list of clientele includes various properties, and landowners seeking to develop their sites as a stay destination for tourist. We have the leadership and khowledge with our solid team ready to share and deliver their best practice in property management. This has contributed our success to help take the businesses of our clients to the next level.
Always offer the most optimized solutions from the early stage of developing a hotel that includes the concept development and the technical assistance until the hotel is fully operational.
Always conduct an open, approachable leadership style and recognizes that honest partnerships are the fundamental basis for the success of any hotel management services.
Always provide solutions and valuabale insight into each project realization.
Always think positively in every act we do and not to forget about think for others as well.
To be the most active in creating outstanding tourism products in the hotel/ property managements.
To be the most dynamic team to deliver outstanding services and turn an investment into a great valuable asset.
Combining local culture and talents to achieve international maximum values.
Creating a dynamic product to ensure the financial growth of each of the brands or properties under its management.
Maintaining the customer satisfaction; innovate in each individual product to suit the market situation.


text:
IWF releases leaderboards for Paris 2024 Olympic Games qualifiers
January 25, 2023 by overglow
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games are scheduled from July 26 to August 11, 2024 in Paris, France and will feature an athlete quota of 10,500 of the world's best. Stadiums that host sports competitions include Stade de France, Jardins du Trocadéro and River Seine.
On January 20, 2023, the The International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) has published a ranking for qualifying for the Olympic Games. The ranking features the highest-scoring athlete from each National Olympic Committee (NOC) in each bodyweight category. The ranking list is updated after each qualifying event.
According to the IWF leaderboard, "the highest total The results achieved by each athlete in qualifying events count towards their overall standings. In the event that two or more athletes achieve the same total in the same Olympic bodyweight class, they will be ranked in the order in which they achieved the result first, using the appropriate Greenwich Mean Times (GMT) where appropriate to determine this to decide.
Image via @lifabin61kg on Instagram
[Related: Lu Xiaojun Provisionally Suspended Due to Apparent Anti-Doping Rule Violation]
At the time of writing this article, the 2022 IWF World Senior Championships is the only qualifying event listed. Below the leaderboards are five weight categories for male weightlifters and five weight categories for female weightlifters. These 10 weight classes currently on the Paris 2024 Olympic Games schedule are:
male weight classes
weight classes for women
49 kilograms
+81 kilograms
The weightlifting athlete quota for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games is a total of 120 (60 male athletes, 60 female athletes) divided as follows:
Olympic Qualification Ranking — 10 quota places per category | 50 male athletes, 50 female athletes (total 100)
Continental Representation — one quota place per event | five male athletes, five female athletes (total 10)
Host country quota (France) — one quota place per event | two male athletes, two female athletes (four total)
Universal Places — one quota place per event | three male athletes, three female athletes (six total)
The maximum number of athletes from the same NOC allowed to compete in the same weight class is three. If more than three athletes from the same NOC have qualified for a weight class, the NOC will decide which eligible athletes to represent at the Games. The Olympic Qualification System (OQS) for weightlifting was published on December 10, 2022 and can be viewed on the IWF website: https://iwf.sport/qualif2024/P2024_Qualification/
Featured image: @lifabin61kg on Instagram
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When ministry is growing exponentially it is usually a result of a few things: First and foremost, any success and growth is the work of Christ accomplishing His goal of building His church. Second, ministers are willing to obey Ephesians 4:12 and embrace the role of equipper rather than trying to do it all. Third, growth is often the result of strategic vision casting, planning, and execution of those plans toward that vision (again – not apart from Christ's work – but in following His lead). Fourth, and finally, exponential growth happens as a result of effective discipleship.
The group's ministry or Sunday school lacks clear direction.
The emphasis on the worship gathering minimizes all other programs.
Evangelism is more focused on inviting people to church than taking the gospel to the community.
While there are more ways weak discipleship can be diagnosed in a ministry or church, the truth is strong discipleship can lead to exponential growth. Churches that make disciples who make disciples will explode simply as a result of multiplication. But the discipleship must be more than a program or a time slot. It must be intentional. It must be Christ-centered. And it must be gospel-focused.
The Beginning, The Way, The Call, The Truth, The Life, and The Mission.
Whether or not your church uses The Disciples Path, there should be some clear way for your students, especially new believers, to understand and embrace the Christian life. It is through this process that they will develop as disciples. Rather than potentially spending years trying to establish a clear understanding of God's Word and the life it leads believers to live, students can quickly develop that understanding and step into the mission He has called them to: impacting the world for the sake of the gospel. That is truly where exponential growth begins.
Nothing can grow the Kingdom faster than followers of Jesus obeying His command to go and make disciples. The approach of larger gatherings to extend invitations to more and more people can be effective at the first phase of the process, but growth will always stagnate and be limited by the event-driven strategy. When effective discipleship happens, it grows beyond a building and a strategy. Whether you use something like Disciples Path, or another means by which you equip your people to understand and pursue God's mission, make sure you focus on what matters most. Exponential growth that matters for eternity and impacts the present is grounded in the Biblical call to make disciples. Help your students go where Jesus leads, and the growth you experience will be greater than anything you could do on your own.


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Bright!Tax Undisputed Expat Tax Services Leader in 2017
Bright!Tax has dominated the 2017 FEM EMMA Expat Tax Provider of the Year awards in 2017, having been named winner in two out of the three global regions, and runner up in the third.
The FEM EMMA awards celebrate innovation and excellence in the Global Mobility and Expat Services industries across three regions – the Americas, Asia Pacific (APAC), and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA).
The Americas FEM EMMA awards took place at the Downtown Denver Marriott in May. As well as winning Tax Provider of the Year, Bright!Tax was also named runner up in the Innovation in Banking and Financial Services category, behind winner HSBC.
Bright!Tax won Tax Provider of the Year for a second time at the Hong Kong Harbour Grand Hotel in September, this time for the APAC region, a momentous achievement in a highly competitive group that included runner up Big 4 accounting giant EY.
In the final awards event in 2017, the EMEA EMMA awards at the O2 Intercontinental in London in early November, Bright!Tax was named runner up in the Tax Provider of the Year category, just missing out on a global clean sweep in this category.
Bright!Tax's unprecedented tally of 4 accolades in a single year is testament to the way the firm is revolutionizing providing tax services to US expats around the world.
"I'm thrilled with the recognition that we've received with our global FEM awards, in all 3 regions. We won't be resting on our laurels though, we've got more ground-breaking new developments in the pipeline for 2018." – Greg Dewald, Bright!Tax founder and CEO
Bright!Tax's dominance this year is built on understanding the need for clients to maintain a personal connection with their accountant, wherever in the world they are living. The firm has structured its business to allow this, while also employing state of the art innovative technology to make filing US taxes from overseas simple, connected, and hassle-free.
Bright!Tax's new innovations in 2017 include its proprietary secure Client Organizer, which allows clients to easily enter their information, and carry forward details from one year to the next. Bright!Tax also introduced a mobile app in 2017, an industry first, allowing clients to communicate with their CPA, keep track of the time they spend in and out of the US (this is required on expats' tax returns), and securely upload documents from their phone or tablet
The marriage of highly-qualified, expat specialist, personable CPAs and innovative, cutting edge technology has allowed Bright!Tax to grow exponentially, largely by word of mouth. The firm now has clients in over 190 countries, almost every country on earth.
Bright!Tax's clients are thrilled with the results.
One recent client commented, "Very efficient and very helpful", while another said, "Excellent experience. Timely responses, knowledgeable staff. Thank you!"
Greg Dewald, Bright!Tax founder and CEO, said: "It's been an incredible year. The team at Bright!Tax has surpassed itself. We've introduced some game changing technological solutions to help bridge the geographical divide between us and our clients, but without compromising on the importance of a one-to-one client-accountant relationship. The results have been above and beyond what we hoped for, and I'm thrilled with the recognition that we've received with our global FEM awards, in all 3 regions. We won't be resting on our laurels though, we've got more ground-breaking new developments in the pipeline for 2018, while always keeping our clients centre stage."