UNICEF in Serbia is seeking a consultant for an in-person training to complement the online courses UNICEF staff did on AGORA as well as for partners. The expert will work with UNICEF senior management, operations and GBV and CP program staff to assess and evaluate the PSEA related procedures put in places, making recommendations. The expert will also provide specialized training to UNICEF partners and assess their internal procedures and code of conduct, providing a roadmap for making improvement in line with UNICEF and international standards on the matter. The duration of the assignment is 25 working days, tentatively from 1st May to 31st May 2018.
UNICEF works in 190 countries and territories to protect the rights of every child. Defending children's rights throughout their lives requires a global presence, aiming to produce results and understand their effects. UNICEF believes all children have a right to survive, thrive and fulfill their potential - to the benefit of a better world. Sexual abuse and exploitation in humanitarian crises are global problems. They violate not only the physical integrity and security of the individual victims but also their dignity and self-worth. They are a consequence of unequal power relationships; a dynamic that is often exacerbated during humanitarian crises, which are so often characterized by widespread and systematic violence, mass displacement, and the breakdown in traditional family structures and social, legal, governance and value systems. Women and children constitute the overwhelming majority of victims. The economic and social inequalities confronting women and children, in particular, put them at higher risk of exploitation by those in positions of power. Sexual abuse and exploitation, in humanitarian crises or elsewhere, reflect a variety of failures or omissions attributable to a range of responsible actors and institutions. They represent a failure to uphold basic rights to protection. In institutional terms, sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian staff represents a failure on the part of humanitarian agencies, whose stated role is to provide protection and care, deeply undermining the implicit public trust placed in humanitarian actors. UNICEF recognizes its responsibility, in fulfilling its mandate, to guard or protect vulnerable persons from sexual and other exploitation and abuse and to address such violations appropriately in its work. In particular, UNICEF aims at ensuring that its staff and implementing partners do not abuse their power and influence to exploit and harm others.
Recent developments in the field of Protection of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA), both at country levels as well as at the global level, led the UNICEF offices in Serbia Greece and Bulgaria to focus on their own internal procedures, staff and implementing partners in order to further address the risk of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) in the local contexts; and the need to boost implementation of the Secretary-Generals Bulletin: Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13). Following UNICEF Executive Director, UNICEF is committed to show and further implement a no tolerance for sexual exploitation approach, abuse or harassment of any kind including abuses of power and authority. For these reasons, UNICEF would like to conduct an in-person training to complement the online mandatory courses allowing staff to increase their understanding; the expert will work with UNICEF senior management, operations and GBV and CP program staff to assess and evaluate the procedures put in places, making recommendations. The expert will also provide specialized training to UNICEF partners and assess their internal procedures and code of conduct, providing a roadmap for making improvement in line with UNICEF and international standards on the matter.
Share SEA resources including examples of codes of conduct and child safeguarding policies, protocols and training materials to enable staff to share with partners.
Work with management and relevant PSEA focal points to refine and implement SEA reporting mechanisms within UNICEF and linked to inter-agency frameworks.
Masters education degree/s in either the following field: International Relations, Development Studies, Law, Psychology or Social work.
Excellent English language skills, local languages (Serbian, Greek, Bulgarian) are an asset.
Only short-listed candidates will be contacted. UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce, and encourages qualified female and male candidates from all national, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities to apply.


Pigott Stinson | What's your agenda?
If you want your meetings to run smoothly and address all relevant issues, you need an agenda.
This article appeared in the June 2016 issue of Club Life.
With clubs beginning to prepare for their upcoming Annual General Meetings (AGM), I am looking forward to the enjoyable task of double checking and settling dozens of notices of general meetings and notices of special resolutions for clubs all across NSW. In a few months, I will look forward to traveling from club to club, attending general meeting after general meeting. One often-overlooked part of a notice is the agenda.
So what is an agenda and why is it important? An agenda is simply a list of matters to be acted upon but it is a crucial component of effective meetings.
After setting the date for a general meeting of the members, one of the first things a club should do is prepare a written agenda for the meeting. The purpose of a written agenda is to provide a list of the items of business that are to be put before the meeting and the order in which they are to be dealt with.
The Corporations Act does not directly refer to the need for an agenda for a meeting. Rather, section 259L of the Act requires that a notice must "state the general nature of the meeting's business" and "must be worded and presented in a clear, concise and effective manner".
The agenda facilitates the proper conduct of the business of the meeting and I think I could say without exception that all clubs include an agenda in the Notice of AGM just after the introductory few lines specifying when and where the AGM is to be held.
The constitution of a club may set out the order of business to be dealt with at AGMs, but normally it is a matter to be fixed by the secretary, usually in consultation with the chairperson or the board and in line with the practice of the club.
A properly prepared agenda will prevent items of business being overlooked and helps the chairperson to keep members on point when discussing various matters under the agenda headings. It can assist in writing up the minutes of the meeting and clubs often use the agenda from a previous meeting as a guide to preparing the agenda for the next meeting.
Care must be taken to include any special business, for example a proposal to approve life membership. Obviously explanations about the relevant resolutions must appear in the notes sent to members, but they must also be referred to in the agenda. For example, if a special resolution to amend the club's constitution is to be put to members then the text of the special resolution should be sent to members with the notice of the meeting and a specific reference to the special resolution should be included in the agenda – eg, "consideration of a special resolution proposed to amend the club's constitution".
The order of business of a meeting should follow the order set out in the agenda. However, members are at liberty to move a motion to vary the order of items. If such a motion is moved, then the chair of the meeting should ask members to vote on the proposed motion – the chairman cannot alter the order without the consent of the members at the meeting. Note that a motion cannot be moved during discussion or debate on a particular item.
Careful consideration should be given to altering the order of the agenda. Members may plan to arrive at the meeting at a stage when they anticipate a certain item will be dealt with and if the order is changed they will lose the opportunity to speak and vote on a matter.
An agenda should also be prepared for directors' meetings and distributed to directors with other papers for the meeting. In these meetings, however, the directors can decide in which order to deal with items on the agenda.
The agenda forms a very important part of any Notice of General Meeting (including for an AGM), and should be treated accordingly.
Click on the image below to see the article as it appeared in Club Life June 2016.


text:
4 Vendors Are Shark Bait at Channel Partners Evolution
Written by Edward Gately
September 13, 2019 @ 08:28
(Pictured above, left to right: Ring Logix's Dante White, XaaS1's Rick Beckers, TBI's Adam Knudsen, Tech Data's Heather Murray, MicroCorp's Karin Fields, Ingram Micro's Eric Kohl, Telarus's Richard Murray, Erick Simpson of ErickSimpson.com and JS Group's Janet Schijns on the Shark Stage.)
CHANNEL PARTNERS EVOLUTION — The sharks were circling when four vendors faced a lineup of distributors and master agents at Thursday's Shark Stage at Channel Partners Evolution.
Facing the sharks were:
Dante White, channel sales director for Ring Logix, a white label VoIP platform for resellers.
Irwin van der Vlist, co-founder of Speakap, which provides a branded employee communications platform.
George Leith, chief revenue officer of Vendasta, a white label platform for selling digital solutions.
Amy Luby, vice president of channel for Sensorium, a company that helps partners build an IoT practice.
Janet Schijns, CEO of JS Group, served as pitchmaster of ceremonies, and told the vendors they were fortunate to receive free advice from a group representing "millions of dollars of salary."
The sharks were: Rick Beckers, CEO of XaaS1; Adam Knudsen, TBI's vice president of sales operations; Heather Murray, Tech Data's vice president of security solutions and new vendor acquisition; Karin Fields, CEO/COO of MicroCorp; Eric Kohl, vice president of Ingram Micro's security business unit; Richard Murray, Telarus' COO; and Erick Simpson, founder and chief strategist at ErickSimpson.com.
Not having a two-tier partner program was a big turnoff to the sharks, as learned by Ring Logix, which had the toughest time finding takers. Vendasta, on the other hand, gained 100 percent interest from the sharks, and Speakap gained interest from a number of the sharks.
And Sensorium had all of the sharks either in or wanting to know more.
Becker said he was looking for new niche products.
"I want to know that they're going to be able to educate my agents on how to sell their product, what to listen for, what to look for, those kinds of things," he said. "I want to know that they've got financing, the ability to explain how their compensation model works and that it works for my agents, whether it's referral or reseller. Marketing is a big thing, so we want to look at do they have joint marketing materials, do they have development funds for distributors to be able to do awareness campaigns, do they work social media, all those kinds of things. It's a big, broad mix in the digital transformation world that we live in. This is not a break-fix world anymore, and being as it is as a digital world, a lot of the things that I've described are easily done and it will be easily recognized by somebody with experience whether or not they've thought them."
Fields said she was looking to be wowed.
"They have to have at least an established program for the partners because it could be a great product, but if there's no way for us to work with them, it's very frustrating and it costs us a lot of money to be honest," she said. "There's too many things that we need to focus our attention on, and onboarding a new relationship that doesn't have any type of infrastructure to support us naturally, it's like futile, we're the hamster on the wheel. And if we're fighting about the status of the order, trying to get paid commissions, not having any engagement from a channel manager or our partners can go directly to that organization and get the same kind of contract that I get, those things make it a non-starter for us."
Simpson said he was focused on the business plan, and especially the onboarding and nurturing, and support process for new partners.
"I work with a lot of vendors in the channel and one thing that I see is a big distinction between the very successful vendors that have great partner programs and raving partner fans are the onboarding process all the way through the sales enablement and sales support process and strategy for them," he said. "That's what I'll be looking for: a well-rounded strategy that takes a brand-new partner all the way to a successful transacting partner."
Tags: Channel Partners Evolution, Heather Murray, Karin Fields, Richard Murray, Rick Beckers, TBI, Tech Data, Telarus
Verizon to Discontinue Copper Across Wide Area of New York
After the retirement, Verizon will no longer offer services over copper facilities.
CloudJumper Chooses Cisco, Lenovo Vet for Newly Created Channel Sales Role
The role was created to meet rising demand from customers and the channel.
Broadvoice, Intelisys, Windstream Alums Join Telarus
The master agent continues to fill out its regional coverage model.
Top 7 Stories: New CenturyLink Solution, AT&T Layoffs, Charter-Windstream Conflict
New products, court controversy and layoffs. 2020 has arrived.
Nextiva Debuts Marketing Program for Partners
CenturyLink Targets SMBs with Cloud Communications Solution
What You Missed During the Holidays: UCaaS Predictions, Master Agent Recap, SD-WAN Advice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Baker Tilly has acquired management consultancy Outperform UK. The aim of the acquisition is to strengthen Baker Tilly's capabilities in project, programme and portfolio management with three key figures from Outperform becoming partners at Baker Tilly.
Founded in 2004, Outperform UK is a consultancy that works across a broad range of private and public services organisations to provide bid, project, programme or portfolio management performance improvements. The consultancy is known for its expertise in both developing and implementing best practice frameworks such as PRINCE2 (projects), MSP (programmes), P3M3 (maturity models) and the IUK Routemap (initiating complex projects/programmes).
The acquisition of the firm will strengthen Baker Tilly's expertise in the areas of project, programme and portfolio management services. The deal sees Andy Murray, Nick Taylor and Phil Stanton become partners at Baker Tilly.
Murray brings with him 21 years' experience in consulting. He stood at the head of two consulting firms, WPM Solutions, where he managed the consultancy unit between 1994 and 2004; before founding Outperform in 2004. Murray is a Chartered Director and holds a Diploma in Company Direction from the Institute of Directors, as well as a BSc (Hons) in Mathematics from the University of Brighton.
Taylor has worked across numerous businesses in the finance, tax and accounting sector before joining Railtrack to work his way from Taxation Manager in 1993 to Head of Strategy and Development for Network Rail in 2003. He left the railway industry for opportunities in the nuclear energy sector – starting at EDF Energy as the Head of Investment Management. In 2006 he continued his career in consulting, joining Outperform as an equity Director.
Stanton started his career as a Software Engineer for Oracle in 1989, first joining the consultancy sector in 1993 at CSB Financial Solutions as a Consultant. After a brief spell as freelancer he joined the Nichols Group in 1999 as a Management Consultant, where he was notably involved in the development of Network Rail's project management framework, GRIP, and Transport For London's project management framework, Pathway. Stanton, who has worked for Outperform since 2014, holds a BSc (Hons) in Computing and Information Systems from The University of Manchester.
Baker Tilly has around 3,400 staff and partners and revenues of around £300 million in the UK. Last week the advisory firm strengthened its Consulting practice with the addition of Kenny McLean, who joined from Certeco.


text:
Julie Tate Joins the Investigations Team
In her new role, Julie will work as a researcher with the Investigations team. Read on in a note from Rebecca Corbett and Dean Murphy.
We're thrilled to announce that Julie Tate, a premier researcher, is joining Investigations. Julie is well known to many of you: She has worked at The Washington Post for nearly 20 years, and made vital contributions to teams that produced Pulitzer Prize-winning stories on subjects ranging from the C.I.A.'s black sites, treatment lapses at Walter Reed medical center and Dick Cheney's role as vice president, to N.S.A. surveillance, security contractors in Iraq and the Trump-Russia investigation. A top internal Post award, noting her role in some of its most distinguished journalism, cited "her gift for finding the unfindable."
Those who have worked with Julie at The Post — including colleagues now at The Times — rave about her skills, dedication and collegiality.
She will begin on Aug. 23. Please welcome her.
—Rebecca Corbett and Dean Murphy
Aimee Ortiz Joins Investigations
Chris Hamby Joining Investigations


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Yes, you read it right. The Race Street Café in Philly took a gamble with this beer. Yards Brewing Company is the largest brewery in Philly that's prevalent throughout the Northeast and technically no longer a microbrewery since they produce 40k barrels per year which is well over the 15k limit for being defined as a microbrewery. We're big fans of nitro beers which use nitrogen instead of traditional carbon dioxide and give the beer a creamier feeling. Since we needed an afternoon pick-me-up, we opted for the nitro English ale with coffee. This meant a beer with a half cup of coffee added in. The nitro aspect of the beer makes adding coffee palatable. Unfortunately, the combination of these flavors led to the beer tasting like a skunked Budweiser. Granted my taste buds may be a bit burned from hoppy American IPAs but this "English mild ale" is not one I'd try again. Adding the coffee is an interesting idea but not with this beer. I'll exercise some caution for odd flavors like this going forward.


See the schedule, scores and top performers from high school baseball in Section 1 and more in Westchester, Rockland and Putnam from April 4-7, 2019.
If you missed it, Rye beat Nyack Wednesday behind both of its junior aces, Sean Thompson and Declan Lavelle, who contributed on the mound and at the plate.
On Thursday, Byram Hills' ace Carson Frye had a major hand in his team's second straight no-hitter, which, as you'll see below, earned him co-Player of the Day honors.
Carson Frye and Bobby Chicoine, Byram Hills. Against a strong Nyack lineup, Frye and Chicoine combined to pitch a no-hitter. Frye went six and struck out 13 and Chicoine pitched a perfect seventh. It was the second straight combined no-hitter for Byram and Frye, who allowed no hits in a 14-1 win over Saturday.
Mahopac 7, Ossining 5: Mahopac scored five in the bottom of the sixth after trailing 5-2. Mike Musantry had the go-ahead hit and Joseph Lacoparra pitched strong in relief to enable the comeback.
Westlake 13, Pawling 1: Thomas Carpenter went 3 for 3 with two RBI, Vincent Spaziante went 2 for 3 with three RBI and Thomas Iazetta went 2 for 2 with two RBI for Westlake.
Suffern 11, Carmel 1: In a game stopped after five innings, Adam Bloch pitched a complete game and allowed no earned runs. Jack Scanlon hit two home runs and had four RBI. Dylan Hoy hit a two-run homer and Kenny Dodson went 2 for 3 with a solo homer. Alex Morrissey also went 2 for 3 with two RBI for Suffern. Jack Sullivan went 2 for 2 with an RBI double for Carmel.
Pleasantville 12, Edgemont 2: In a game stopped after five innings, Brendan O'Neill allowed two runs on two hits and struck out four in four innings to earn the win. O'Neill also hit a home run and had three RBI. Danny Melillo went 2 for 3 with an RBI for the Panthers, who improved to 3-1.
Clarkstown North 12, Mount Vernon 0: In a game stopped after five innings, Pat Cullen pitched all five innings and struck out 10 to earn his first win. Joe Coopersmith had a triple and three RBI.
Byram Hills 2, Nyack 0: Carson Frye and Bobby Chicoine combined to pitch a no-hitter. Frye started and went six innings. He struck out 13 and walked just one. Chicoine pitched a perfect seventh. Matt Fliegel went 1 for 3 with an RBI and Gianluca Nelson scored both Byram runs. Miles Massay started and allowed two runs (one earned) one four hits and struck out four in 4 2/3 innings for Nyack.
Lakeland 8, Greeley 6: Joe Phillips tossed four innings of relief without allowing an earned run to earn the win for Lakeland. Joe Vetrano hit a solo homer and Andrew Croce and freshman Nick Badillo both went 2 for 3 with a double and two runs scored.
Harvey 13, Cardinal Hayes 13: In a game called after six innings, Ethan Sarmiento hit a three-run home run for Harvey. Teammates Benji Avila had a double and three RBI.
Arlington 6, Scarsdale 3: In a game stopped after six innings, Jack Sims went 2 for 4 with a run and an RBI and Vinny Siano had an RBI and run scored for Arlington. Matt Russo threw three innings of one-hit ball in relief for the Admirals.
Lourdes 4, Pelham 2: Ryan Thomas of Lourdes pitched 5 1/3 innings of one-run ball. He allowed five hits and struck out seven to help earn the win. Matt Reynolds went 3 for 3 with a double, a run scored and an RBI for Pelham.
North Rockland 7, White Plains 2: Sean Liquori pitched six innings and allowed two runs while striking out nine to earn the win. Brian Brezosky went 2 for 4 with a home run and Nate Guillen had two RBI for North Rockland.
Nanuet 3, Eastchester 1: Nanuet improved to 5-0 on Aedan Gallagher's go-ahead RBI single during a two-run seventh. Gallagher pitched the seventh to earn the save. Nick Russo earned the win for Nanuet.
Briarcliff 17, Blind Brook 2: Joe Murray pitched five innings and earned the win. Mike Hardy went 4 for 4 with a solo home run and a double for the Bears. Chris Hauryluck allowed just one earned run and struck out six in five innings for Blind Brook.
Dobbs Ferry 5, Croton-Harmon 2: Zach Holzman pitched six innings and struck out seven to earn the win. He allowed just one earned run on five hits. Zach Soderquist had an RBI double and pitched the seventh for the save. Andrew Schwabe went 2 for 4 with a double, two RBI and two runs scored. Max Luke struck out seven and allowed no earned runs in four innings in the loss.
Rye Neck 11, Irvington 8: In a game shortened to six innings, Colin Kelley had two hits and an RBI for Rye Neck, which scored seven runs in the sixth to erase a four-run deficit. Brian Scott earned the win in relief.
Peekskill 12, Woodlands 6: Yunior De La Rosa tossed a complete and game and had a triple and four RBI. John Lively added a pair of hits and Darnell Turner hit an inside-the-park home run. The game was called in the top of the seventh due to darkness.
Beacon 12, Harrison 5: Anthony Madonna went 3 for 4 with a triple, RBI and a run scored in the loss.
Mamaroneck 11, Fox Lane 7: Ryan McIntyre went 4 for 5 with three RBI, Ethan Renner went 3 for 4 and Joey Tantillo earned his first varsity win for the Tigers. Jesse Dunn had two hits and two RBI and Michael Lombardi struck out eight in 3 2/3 innings for Fox Lane.
Hastings 10, Haldane 0: Michael Limitone threw a shutout for Hastings. Liam Hopwood had three hits to lead the offense.
Mahopac 7, Ossining 5: Mahopac trailed 5-2 before scoring five runs in the bottom of the sixth. Mike Musantry went 3 for 4 with a double, two RBI and three runs scored. He had the go-ahead hit in the sixth. Joseph Lacoparra pitched 2 1/3 scoreless innings and struck out five to earn the win in relief.
Port Chester 27, East Ramapo 4: A.J. Marini had four hits, including a pair of doubles. Corey Heckel and Chris Hudson added three hits each for the Rams.
Tuckahoe 12, Yonkers Montessori 0: Michael Meyers went 3 for 4 with an RBI and three runs scored and Hugh McCorry went 3 for 3 with two RBI and two runs scored for Tuckahoe. Justin Lee tossed four scoreless innings to earn the win. He allowed two hits, struck out seven and walked none.
Rye at John Jay-Cross River, ppd.
Putnam Valley at Ardsley, ppd.
Briarcliff vs. Albertus Magnus at Boulders Stadium, ppd.
Iona Prep at Salesian, ppd.
Blind Brook at Pleasantville, ppd.
Suffern at Albertus Magnus, ppd.
Rye Neck at Haldane, ppd.
Westlake at Putnam Valley, ppd.
Lincoln at East Ramapo, 9 a.m.
Lincoln at East Ramapo, 11:30 p.m.
Sean Thompson, Rye. The big junior shut down a strong Mamaroneck lineup. He pitched into the seventh, allowed two hits and two walks and struck out 11 in the 6-0 victory.
New Rochelle 5, Mahopac 3. After trailing 3-0 early on, New Rochelle scratched out two in the fifth, tied the game in the seventh and then finally went in front with a two-run top of the eighth.
Stepinac 9, Kennedy 5: Mike Becchetti went 3 for 3 with a double, an RBI and three runs scored. Anthony Saputo added a double and three RBI and Chris Antonelli and Anthony Pires knocked in two runs apiece. Antonelli also pitched three innings of one-run ball in relief to earn the win. Tyler Outhouse and Andrew Guihan each had two hits and Zach Selinger and Guihan had a double and two RBI for Kennedy.
North Rockland 4, Tappan Zee 1: Nick Varano allowed one run and struck out eight to earn the complete-game win. Jay Pichardo, Mike Reilly, Juwon Lopez had two hits apiece and Zach Glomski added two RBI for North Rockland. Jack Strauss drove in Tappan Zee's only run.
Clarkstown North 2, Scarsdale 1: Chase Barley earned North's third win in a row and Corey Savedoff earned the save. Brendan Curley had a double for the Rams.
Valhalla 9, Irvington 7: Christian Rossi went 3 for 3 with three RBI and Robert Carbone went 2 for 4 for Valhalla. Carbone pitched the final two innings to save the game for freshman Michael Dawson, who earned his first varsity win.
Hastings 9, Yonkers 8: Emmett Fuchs drove in the winning run on a walkoff hit in the bottom of the seventh to give Hastings its third straight win.
Rye 6, Mamaroneck 0: Sean Thompson tossed 6 1/3 innings of two-hit ball. He struck out 11 and walked just two. Henry Friedrich went 2 for 4 with an RBI, Aidan Ahern had a double and three RBI and Declan Lavelle had an RBI double for Rye.
Croton-Harmon 8, Pawling 1: Toby Murphy allowed one run and struck out five in the complete-game win. Max Luke had three hits — including a double and a home run — and three RBI. Brian Scutari added a two-run homer for Croton.
Ketcham 15, Fox Lane 2: Bryce Mordecki hit two three-run home runs for Ketcham. Dean Massari had two RBI for Fox Lane.
Arlington 8, Warwick 3: Gabe Perez had two RBI and Chris McConnell had two runs scored for Arlington. JP Kaufman pitched a complete game and allowed three runs on six hits and struck out five.
Harvey 10, Green Farms 4: Tristram Lehner allowed two runs in four innings to earn the win. Benji Avila went 3 for 3 with two RBI. Christian Perez went 2 for 4 with two RBI and two stolen bases for Harvey.
Nyack 4, Harrison 3: Tyler Fidalgo went five innings to earn his first varsity win. He allowed two runs on three hits and struck out four. Jesse Brooks went 2 for 4 with an RBI and a stolen base. Matt Gonzalez earned the save for Nyack. Greg Lucian pitched six innings and allowed just one earned run on five hits in the loss. He also went 2 for 3 at the plate.
Clarkstown South 3, Byram Hills 2 (8): Anthony Barone had a walkoff single with two outs in the eighth. Brady Timmerberg allowed two runs on three hits and struck out five in six innings for the Vikings. Brandon Duffy pitched two scoreless innings of relief to earn the win. Bobby Chicoine pitched 6 1/3 innings and allowed one earned run on four hits and struck out five for Byram.
Iona Prep 6, Salesian 4: Zaes Zabala and Anthony DeFabbia each had two RBI and DeFabbia went five innings and allowed one earned run on three hits and struck out seven.
New Rochelle 5, Mahopac 3 (8): Jake Teto went 3 for 3 with an RBI and Jonathan Racanello went 2 for 4 with two doubles and two RBI for New Rochelle. The Huguenots trailed 3-0 before scored two in the fifth, one in the seventh and two in the eighth to win. Eric Falisi pitched seven innings of three-run ball to earn the win. Mike Musantry went 2 for 4 with a double, an RBI and a run scored for Mahopac. Kyle Brandstetter drove in two runs.
Somers 6, Brewster 4: Bobby McBride went 5 1/3 innings, allowed one earned run and struck out 10 in the loss.
North Salem 5, Tuckahoe 1: Jake Torres pitched 5 1/3 innings, allowed on run and struck out five. He also had two hits, two RBI and two runs scored for North Salem. Matt Mondrone pitched five innings and Justin Lee had an RBI for Tuckahoe.
White Plains 27, Mount Vernon 2 (5): Michael Perri went 3 for 3 with a triple, five RBI and three runs scored. Justin Hanratty went 2 for 2 with an RBI and two runs scored. White Plains' Luke Spano tossed three innings of two-hit ball and struck out five to earn the win.
Suffern at Albertus Magnus, 1 p.m.


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text:
Q: Security firewall still asking for logged in access I have a controller where I check, trough AJAX call from view and executing the logic on the controller, if some values exists or not at database. Because I'm using FOSUserBundle I have added this line to the controller: use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Security then in each method of the controller I added this annotation:
/**
 * @Route("/check/{value}", name="check")
 * @Method("GET")
 * @Security("has_role('IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY')")
 */
public function checkExistsAction($value = null) {
   // some logic goes here
}

That doesn't work since I get login form as result and not the JSON I made inside the function, I already try by adding directly the route to  the security.yml as follow:
access_control:
    - { path: ^/login$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/register, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/resetting, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/check, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/, role: ROLE_USER }
    - { path: ^/admin/, role: ROLE_ADMIN }

But that doesn't work either. Any advice? What I'm doing wrong here?
PS: I notice something curious on Netbeans IDE (maybe is one of that crazy things of NB) and is that Security isn't recognized as a annotation, see picture below and notice the Security line with some warning:

Some others unsuccessful tests
First test: Since I'm using JMSSecurityExtraBundle also I have added this line to my controller: use JMS\SecurityExtraBundle\Annotation\Secure; then I made some changes at my code:
/**
 * @Route("/check/{value}", name="check")
 * @Method("GET")
 * @Secure(roles="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY")
 */
public function checkExistsAction($value = null) {
   // some logic goes here
}

Result: Didn't work.
Second test: I disable the security at access_control as follow:
access_control:
    - { path: ^/login$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/register, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/resetting, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
    - { path: ^/admin/, role: ROLE_ADMIN }

Then clear the cache.
Result: Didn't work.
I don't know what else to do in order to get this working. This is the firewall definition at security.yml file:
firewalls:
    dev:
        pattern: ^/(_(profiler|wdt)|css|images|js)/
        security: false
    main:
        pattern: ^/
        form_login:
            provider: fos_userbundle
            csrf_provider: form.csrf_provider
        logout:
             path: fos_user_security_logout
             target: /
             invalidate_session: false
        anonymous: ~

Any advice or ideas? I'm out of them and getting crazy with this.
Correction
With second test, after changes framework-extra-bundle from stable to dev things start working but this is not right since I'm leaving my application without any security so I need another path or solution

A: Are you sure you are properly authenticated? Make sure your http request is sending the cookie: 'PHPSESSID=svhag4u4fkj0em722eo5cd1pm4' header. (shouldn't have exactly that value). If thats true, then make sure that the user is actually being authenticated. You can do this by removing your security annotation and checking what the value of
$this->container->get('security.context')->getToken()->getUser();
//This only works in the controller

using var_dump or by debugging it. If that value is null that means your user provider isn't actually loading the user, and you either aren't authenticated or have a configuration issue.
Edit:
I just noticed the issue.
IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY will return true if the user is not logged in. So if you have logged in this will actually prevent you from viewing any of those routes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
April 9 th 2013 3 Comments
Home Purchaser Forfeits $100,000 Deposit Because Her Lawyer Doesn't Check Fax Machine
by Matt Maurer
More posts by Matt »
The Superior Court has ruled that a potential home purchaser has forfeited a $100,000 deposit because her lawyer "deliberately let the clock run out" and failed to check her fax machine for two hours leading up to the 6 p.m. closing deadline.
The purchaser signed an agreement to purchase a $1.5 million Toronto home. As part of the agreement, she provided a $100,000 deposit.
Leading up to the closing day it was discovered that there was an open building permit on the house which related to renovation work which had been performed four years earlier. All of the work had been completed correctly and had passed inspection, however (perhaps through oversight) the appropriate steps to close out the permit were not completed.
The purchaser advised that she would not complete the sale unless the building permit had been closed. The sellers did everything they could to have the permit closed before the closing deadline but were unable to do so.
The agreement of purchase and sale contained a clause that, effectively, allowed the sellers to remedy the permit issue by obtaining title insurance for the purchaser prior to closing.
The agreement provided that the transaction had to close by 6 p.m. on the closing date.
At 1:18 p.m. the purchaser's lawyer sent a fax to the sellers' lawyer advising that the purchaser was unwilling to close the sale with the permit still open and was unwilling to extend the closing date. She advised that the purchaser was electing to terminate the agreement.
The sellers' lawyer responded at 1:55 p.m. and stated that the sellers were confident that the permit could be closed promptly as all of the work was done correctly and the appropriate inspections had in fact been conducted and that the matter could likely be resolved within a few days. He further advised that the sellers were prepared to hold back a substantial amount of money as a sign of good faith. The sellers' lawyer asked whether the purchaser would reconsider her position.
Shortly thereafter, the sellers' lawyer was able to arrange for title insurance over the open permit.
At 3:55 p.m. the sellers' lawyer sent a fax to the purchaser's lawyer advising that title insurance had been arranged and that the sellers wished to proceed with closing and were in a position to do so. This letter was received by the purchaser's lawyer's fax machine. However, for some reason the lawyer did not see the letter.
Unaware of the 3:55 p.m. letter, the purchaser's lawyer sent a fax at 4:01 p.m. repeating that her client would not accept the house while the permit remained open and that she was not prepared to extend the closing beyond that day. The letter stated that the purchaser had the right to terminate the agreement and that the agreement would in fact be terminated as of 6:00 p.m.
The purchaser's lawyer concluded that the deal was dead and turned her attention to other closings taking place that day.
About a week and a half later the sellers' lawyer wrote to the purchaser's lawyer advising that the permit had been closed and that the sellers remained ready to close the transaction. The purchaser's lawyer responded by advising that the purchaser had since entered into an agreement to buy a different property and demanding the return of the purchaser's $100,000 deposit. The purchaser subsequently applied to the Superior Court for the return of her deposit.
The court found that the purchaser's lawyer had a duty to monitor the situation until the 6 p.m. deadline and not assume that nothing further could or would be done by the sellers to remedy the problem.
The agreement was in full force and effect and the parties had a duty to act in good faith and were required to do what was necessary to fulfill their obligations under the agreement up until 6 p.m. The court found that once the sellers had secured a commitment for title insurance the purchaser was obligated to close.
The court held that because the purchaser had breached the agreement, she was disentitled to the return of her $100,000 deposit.
« Previous: Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice – Call for Papers on Access to Knowledge Next: The Ethics of 24/7 Lawyering »
Mitch Kowalski
There's this thing called a telephone…… surprisingly, neither lawyer seemed to know of its existence.
Sharen Skelly
The client should file a claim against the lawyer for the money. Small claims has a limit of $25000 in Ontario. This could be filed in a higher court but the costs will be higher for the litigant. The lawyer had a responsibility to follow up with the faxed documentation. The LSUC won't be able to do much as they will say that this is negligence and they cannot help the complainant in the area of negligence.
David Cheifetz
It's unlikely that either the vendor or the putative purchaser will lose any money (added: they ought to lose) on the transaction. As Mitch Kowalski pointed out, there's this thing, in Ontario, called a telephone. There's even email. And, there's errors and omission insurance. Anybody in practice, in Ontario, should realize that one or the other of the lawyers will have reported this mess to LawPro and that LawPro was likely behind the motion to determine who was entitled to keep the deposit, assuming there was negligence anywhere. That might not be the case.
Ms Skelly: you ought not to assume that the putative purchaser's lawyer was NOT acting on instructions from his client after explaining the probable consequences of refusing to close. It is not always the case that clients accept a lawyer's correct advice. The comment also applies to the vendor's lawyer.


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Use the PTV Toll Calculation API to recognise and – if it makes sense – avoid toll roads within the route calculation.


text:
Mother in the French Resistance
Rebecca and Rachel (Cypa) around 1921
LA PETITE MAMA:
the untold story of a mother in the Maquis
By Barry S. Willdorf
Rabbi Samuel Zaitchik stood at the bimah in his Lynn, Massachusetts synagogue. It was 1991. He looked out at the sparsely attended funeral for Rebecca Senders lamenting: "If the Jewish community had known the heroine Rebecca was, this place would be filled to capacity."
He might have been speaking directly to me. I was her step-grandson for forty-two years. As she'd done with the Nazis and the Ukrainian nationalist anti-Semites before them, Rebecca kept silent with her family and her congregation about her exploits.
The Rebecca I knew was shy, obsequious and often seemed uncomfortable. She did not talk much about the war, or her experiences in it, though the opportunities to do so in my typically Jewish family were plentiful enough.
I knew that she'd come to America from France after World War II and that she'd lost her entire family in the holocaust. I could only imagine the rest because she did not talk about it. So I imagined the typical — a Jewish family rounded up and taken from their home to the inevitable concentration camp. She'd been lucky enough not to have been present at the time of the raid and so survived. I could not have been more wrong. It was only long after her death that I stumbled upon the documents that validated Rabbi Zaitchik's observation.
From 1941 through the liberation of Paris, this diminutive, middle-aged, Jewish mother had been a fighter in the Maquis, rising to command a communications and supply unit. During that time, she saw death close up. She participated in two of the most daring operations undertaken by the Maquis in Paris. She crossed German lines innumerable times, transporting Jewish children to the relative safety of the Vichy zone. She lost her husband and two children — who were also combatants. And then, after liberation, she made many more painful trips south to recover these children.
I call this story La Petite Mama because that was the term of endearment used by her children to describe her. But in making my discovery, I came to learn that there are likely hundreds of Jews today, now in their sixties and seventies, who could also justifiably use that term when referring to Rebecca.
Though anonymity may have been Rebecca's desire in life, there is no point in keeping silent now. Her deeds should be an inspiration to us all, as well as a reminder that meekness and heroism are not mutually exclusive. Hopefully, this story will be one small step in rectifying Rabbi Zaitchik's lament.
It was the beginning of September, 1944 — less than two weeks since Paris had been liberated. Rebecca Gluzman took the train up from the former Vichy zone. At Gare de Lyon she transferred to a familiar Metro line that would take her to within a few blocks of 120 Rue de Charonne — to what was once her home.
All of Paris seemed to be caught up in the euphoria of liberation. It had been four long years under the Nazis. She supposed she should have been in a celebratory mood as well, but there was so much gone, so much taken from her. For Rebecca, liberation was not so much an occasion to celebrate as it was at last a time to be able to grieve. And of course there was still much to be done.
She stood in this surreal new world, holding on to a pole with one hand, a light valise in the other. Around her, passengers pressed in, their bodies adding heat and humidity to the car.
It had been only June when she'd last traveled the Metro, but the circumstances could not have been more altered. The Allies had just landed in Normandy. A bravado that comes of optimism was growing among the French, coupled with lunatic desperation on the part of the Gestapo and their collaborators. Two kinds of madness then. Yet everyone shared a sense that a climactic battle was about to begin. For Rebecca, it would be the conclusion of her war but hardly the beginning of her peace.
In Paris, the Gestapo responded to the Allied invasion with a frenzied panic. This was their twilight —their last chance for vengeance against those Jewish terrorists of the Maquis who'd harassed and befuddled them all these years and who they'd never been able to completely eradicate.
Just three days before her flight from Paris, Rebecca had a meeting with her commander, comrade Sevec, a member of the Paris Maquis general staff. The following morning, he was arrested. The very next morning, Rebecca noticed that that she was being followed.
Desperate to evade this Gestapo agent, Rebecca descended into the Metro, repeatedly transferring between trains, going first in one direction, and then another. Finally, after eight harrowing hours, she was able to evade the surveillance. She made her escape to Vichy along a route she'd followed many times before while smuggling Jewish children.
Now, less than three months after that harrowing flight, the Metro was filled with nightmares. She changed trains at Nation. Only two more stops.
As she walked from her station in the 11th Arrondissement, not far from Cimetière du Père-Lachaise, her mood became increasingly apprehensive. Every building, every store, every lamppost and kiosk was familiar yet unreal. Had any of the people on the street collaborated? Who was still here? Who had been taken?
Rue de Charonne had been her home for nearly thirteen years — since she, Joe and her two children, Rachel (Cypa) and Chaim (Elie), had been deported from Cuba. But it was not the same. Now she was very much alone. Joe, last she'd heard, was a POW. Rachel, her daughter, whom she called Cypa, was…well her last letter had been tossed from a train somewhere in Belgium. And her baby, Elie, only twenty-one when he was caught, she already knew he'd not made it.1
Rebecca had not been to 120 Rue de Charonne for more than a year and a half. In a stroke of good fortune, she'd abandoned it early 1943 when it looked like the Nazis were starting to deport the Jewish spouses of POWs. Shortly afterward, the Gestapo raided the apartment. After that, she'd not dared to return.
She climbed two flights of stairs to the flat, her heart pounding. Had it been occupied by squatters? Had the Gestapo carted off everything that had been so dear to her? She had returned to Paris as she'd fled it, with only the clothes on her back. Had the Nazis left any mementos of her lost world —anything that she could hang on to?
When Rebecca reached her apartment, she found the front door sealed by a large brass padlock with a swastika engraving, a warning that no one was to enter. She summoned a locksmith and a short while later set foot inside the museum that was her flat.
To her amazement, the Gestapo had left it in remarkably good shape. Perhaps they had left it that way in hope that Rebecca might return, and finding it in nearly the condition she'd left it, would not be scared off. Perhaps they had only sealed it after they'd become convinced she'd not fall into their trap.
Shafts of sunlight streamed into parlor at the far end of the long hall reflecting air laden with dust. Moths had been at the curtains. The bedrooms smelled of mildew, the bathroom and kitchen of fungus. Paintings on the walls were ajar. Yet the furnishings were where she'd left them. Photographs were in their customary locations on desks, bureaus and tables. Joe's books were shelved. Clothing, the last tangible evidence of the human dimensions of the family that once lived there, was hanging in closets and folded away in chests. Here were Elie's schoolbooks and childhood playthings. There were Cypa's drawings and the mementos from Jean, her last love.
She sat in her parlor holding a picture of her contented family. Joe, in his best suit, wire-rimmed glasses perched on his nose, his hair carefully combed, his moustache neatly trimmed, smirked at her through that mouth that got them all thrown out of Cuba. Cypa, arrogant, fearless Cypa, who'd gotten expelled from the elite Rothschild school because of her political agitation, looked back at her wide-eyed and proud. And Elie, at sixteen, baby-faced, the only French citizen among them due to Rebecca's giving birth to him on a French flagged ship as she sailed for Cuba, was giving her his shy for-the-camera smile.
She caressed the photograph, closed her eyes and saw them all again as they were on Sunday, September 2, 1939. Joe, reading l'Humanité, then slamming his fist into the arm of his chair and vowing: "Tomorrow will be the beginning of the end for that swine." Cypa — helping her in the kitchen as they prepared Sunday dinner of boiled chicken, gefilte fish and lokshin kugel —forever pushing her shoulder-length brown hair out of her eyes and away from the food. Elie at the dining room table hunched over his engineering texts, his slide rule clasped in one hand, pencil in the other.
And then, she remembered the next morning, after war had been declared. Joe leaving the apartment — but this Monday not for work — returning early to announce that he'd joined the army. "There were thousands of us, thousands of Jews, signing up to fight the fascists," he enthused. And how still later, Cypa confided to Rebecca that Jean, her boyfriend, was planning how he might best avoid conscription and pleading with her "petite mama" not to tell Joe.
Soon Joe was away, to return only for a brief leave and then gone again. When Rebecca next heard from him, he wrote that his regiment was incarcerated in a place called Stalag XIII, Kriegsgefangenenlager 383, somewhere in Bavaria. He had been there since June 1940 when, after the fall of Paris, Marshall Pétain (the "Hero of Verdun") signed off on France's surrender agreeing to order more than one million French soldiers to lay down their arms and march into captivity.2
Then in June 1940, the unthinkable happened. Paris was occupied. For French Jews, the holocaust was about to begin. In August came the first attacks on Jewish businesses. In the same month, Pétain revoked the citizenship of 6,000 French Jews. In October, the Vichy collaborators enacted a series of anti-Semitic laws (the Statuts des Juifs) that barred Jews from the army, government and many professions.
But that was only the beginning. In June 1941, Vichy instituted a second set of Jewish laws that stripped Jews of their property and as if to underscore their commitment to the Final Solution, sent three hundred Jewish boys to the Mauthausen concentration camp only a few days later. None survived.
Rebecca recalled how, in July, a member of Pétain's cabinet celebrated the deportation of another 5,000 non-French Jews by boasting, "France is the only country, except for Germany, that persecutes Jews the most."
The enthusiasm of the Vichy French toward destruction of the Jews encouraged the Nazis. Soon they were demanding registration of all Jews. They set up the "Coordination Committee" and imported two shadowy Jews from the Vienna Judenrat to be its "technical advisors." The advisers recruited Jewish informants whom they rewarded with identity cards describing them as Vertfulle Juden (valuable Jews) — who would be exempt from deportations — in exchange for their service turning in Jews who refused to register with the committee.
Rebecca and her children had no illusions about what was to come. First Cypa moved out to serve in the L'Union de la Jeunesse Juive (l'U.J.J.) - The Union of Jewish Youth — a clandestine arm of the French resistance. For security reasons, she could not tell Rebecca where she was living or what she was doing. From late 1941 onward, they could only communicate by message.
Then Elie, also a member the l'U.J.J., quit his job at an aircraft factory and joined a special operations unit of what the Nazis called the "Manouchian Group" under the command of an eighteen year-old Austrian Jew named Julien Zerman.3
Rebecca was now alone. Difficult as it was, she recognized that she could not simply sit on the sidelines and wait for her inevitable arrest and deportation, while her children were fighting. She joined the newly forming resistance.4
Continued on Page Two
1 Rebecca had not yet received the official papers but she knew that they would say "Mort Pour La France," that he died for France.
2 The irony of Jean's decision was exquisite. The surrender documents made no distinction between French soldiers of Jewish extraction and others. The term of incarceration was 'for the duration." The Germans believed the war would soon be over and they could deal with the Jews then. But the British fought on. Thus, unlike Jean, most of the more than ten thousand Jews who enlisted during the first week of the war remained POWs until its end and were not exterminated.
3 Fighting in the Vichy zone, over the twenty months of its operational existence, the Manouchian Group was held accountable by the Nazis for the death of one hundred and fifty German troops and the wounding of an additional 800. Its exploits were immortalized in a widely-distributed wanted poster, L'Affiche Rouge, that the Maquis soon considered to be a recruiting poster. The poster has been reproduced in France with pride.
4 By the spring of 1942, small groups of French soldiers who had refused to surrender joined up with former Spanish Republican forces and a smattering of leftists wanted by the Gestapo, to form the first fighting units. Headquartered in Toulouse, the first combat units operated in Limousin and Puy-de- Dôme, where they became the Maquis - the French Resistance. Approximately twenty percent of them were Jewish.
For more articles on the Holocaust, see our Holocaust Archives
from the February 2008 Edition of the Jewish Magazine


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text:
Buckminster Fuller's rarely-seen works are coming to Los Angeles
The Fuller Experience
By Antonio Pacheco • August 8, 2018 • Architecture, Highlight, West
Edward Cella Art & Architecture in Los Angeles will display a selection of rarely seen models and drawings by Buckminster Fuller this fall. Shown: Geodesic Structures - Monohex from 1981 (Courtesy Edward Cella Art & Architecture)
This September, Edward Cella Art & Architecture will present R. Buckminster Fuller: Inventions and Models, an exhibition highlighting original prints, models, and other objects created by 20th century architect, engineer, inventor, and artist R. Buckminster Fuller.
According to the gallery, the exhibition—the first of its kind in Los Angeles—will unveil models and drawings typically kept in private collections and will "represent an opportunity to reflect upon [Fuller's] comprehensive perspective on the world and humanity."
Buckminster Fuller. (Courtesy Edward Cella Art & Architecture)
Specifically, the showcase will focus on Fuller's so-called "Inventions Portfolio," a limited-edition print collection of pioneering design innovations that include the 4D House, the Dymaxion Car, and the Geodesic Dome, among many others. Fuller holds more than 30 patents on a wide range of inventions and products and is widely recognized as the inventor of the geodesic dome.
Buckminster Fuller's Motor Vehicle- Dymaxion Car from 1981. (Courtesy Edward Cella Art & Architecture)
Other works on display will include: a series of wire and steel "tensegrity models" that express structural design principles via repeatable geometric elements, sculptural models depicting Fuller's Closest Packing of Spheres and Duo-Tet Star Polyhedras concepts, and the Dymaxion Rowing Needle, a 21-foot dual hull rowing shell intended for use on choppy waters.
The exhibition, which opens September 8th, is being produced in collaboration with Carl Solway Gallery and will be supplemented by a series of public programs highlighting scholarship into Fuller's work. Programs include a presentation by Fuller's design partner, architect Thomas T K Zung, and a discussion between Allegra Fuller Snyder, Fuller's daughter and founder of the Buckminster Fuller Institute, and David McConville, the Institute's chairperson.
See the Edward Cella Art & Architecture site for more details.
Buckminster FullerBuckminster Fuller InstituteEdward Cella Art and Architecture
Talkin' Turkey
Daily digest: Toronto could eliminate single-family zoning, Bernard Judge passes away, and more
Not Curtains Yet
Hollywood's iconic Cinerama Dome, survivor of 1990s redevelopment, is crushed by COVID
Spaceship Earth is a tale of quarantine set within a massive geodesic backdrop
httpsGETwww.archpaper.com/2018/08/buckminster-fullers-rarely-seen-works-are-coming-to-los-angeles/-PUBLIC


text:
Bihar, a state of India, currently has 38 administrative districts, 101 subdivisions (अनुमंडल) and 534 CD blocks.

A district of an Indian state is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a district magistrate or a deputy commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officials belonging to different wings of the administrative services of the state.

A superintendent of police, an officer belonging to Indian Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues.

3 to 6 districts are comprised to form a division (प्रमंडल). Each district is divided into sub-divisions (अनुमंडल), which are further sub-divided into CD blocks (प्रखण्ड).

Summary

Detailed List

See also

 India
 Bihar
 Government of Bihar
 Administration in Bihar
 Cities in Bihar
 Districts of Bihar
 Divisions of India
 Subdivisions of Bihar
 Blocks in Bihar
 Villages in Bihar

References

Districts
B

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace mfem
{

// Helpers for reading and writing VTK format

/// @brief Helper class for converting between MFEM and VTK geometry types.
///
/// Note: The VTK element types defined are at: https://git.io/JvZLm
struct VTKGeometry
{
   /// @name VTK geometry types
   ///@{
   static const int POINT = 1;

   /// @name Low-order (linear, straight-sided) VTK geometric types
   ///@{
   static const int SEGMENT = 3;
   static const int TRIANGLE = 5;
   static const int SQUARE = 9;
   static const int TETRAHEDRON = 10;
   static const int CUBE = 12;
   static const int PRISM = 13;
   static const int PYRAMID = 14;
   ///@}

   /// @name Legacy quadratic VTK geometric types
   ///@{
   static const int QUADRATIC_SEGMENT = 21;
   static const int QUADRATIC_TRIANGLE = 22;
   static const int BIQUADRATIC_SQUARE = 28;
   static const int QUADRATIC_TETRAHEDRON = 24;
   static const int TRIQUADRATIC_CUBE = 29;
   static const int QUADRATIC_PRISM = 26;
   static const int BIQUADRATIC_QUADRATIC_PRISM = 32;
   static const int QUADRATIC_PYRAMID = 27;
   ///@}

   /// @name Arbitrary-order VTK geometric types
   ///@{
   static const int LAGRANGE_SEGMENT = 68;
   static const int LAGRANGE_TRIANGLE = 69;
   static const int LAGRANGE_SQUARE = 70;
   static const int LAGRANGE_TETRAHEDRON = 71;
   static const int LAGRANGE_CUBE = 72;
   static const int LAGRANGE_PRISM = 73;
   static const int LAGRANGE_PYRAMID = 74;
   ///@}
   ///@}

   /// Permutation from MFEM's prism ordering to VTK's prism ordering.
   static const int PrismMap[6];

   /// @brief Permutation from MFEM's vertex ordering to VTK's vertex ordering.
   /// @note If the MFEM and VTK orderings are the same, the vertex permutation
   /// will be NULL.
   static const int *VertexPermutation[Geometry::NUM_GEOMETRIES];

   /// Map from MFEM's Geometry::Type to linear VTK geometries.
   static const int Map[Geometry::NUM_GEOMETRIES];
   /// Map from MFEM's Geometry::Type to legacy quadratic VTK geometries/
   static const int QuadraticMap[Geometry::NUM_GEOMETRIES];
   /// Map from MFEM's Geometry::Type to arbitrary-order Lagrange VTK geometries
   static const int HighOrderMap[Geometry::NUM_GEOMETRIES];

   /// Given a VTK geometry type, return the corresponding MFEM Geometry::Type.
   static Geometry::Type GetMFEMGeometry(int vtk_geom);
   /// @brief Does the given VTK geometry type describe an arbitrary-order
   /// Lagrange element?
   static bool IsLagrange(int vtk_geom);
   /// @brief Does the given VTK geometry type describe a legacy quadratic
   /// element?
   static bool IsQuadratic(int vtk_geom);
   /// @brief For the given VTK geometry type and number of points, return the
   /// order of the element.
   static int GetOrder(int vtk_geom, int npoints);
};

/// Data array format for VTK and VTU files.
enum class VTKFormat
{
   /// Data arrays will be written in ASCII format.
   ASCII,
   /// Data arrays will be written in binary format. Floating point numbers will
   /// be output with 64 bits of precision.
   BINARY,
   /// Data arrays will be written in binary format. Floating point numbers will
   /// be output with 32 bits of precision.
   BINARY32
};

/// @brief Create the VTK element connectivity array for a given element
/// geometry and refinement level.
///
/// The output array @a con will be such that, for the @a ith VTK node index,
/// con[i] will contain the index of the corresponding node in MFEM ordering.
void CreateVTKElementConnectivity(Array<int> &con, Geometry::Type geom,
                                  int ref);

/// @brief Outputs encoded binary data in the base 64 format needed by VTK.
///
/// The binary data will be base 64 encoded, and compressed if @a
/// compression_level is not zero. The proper header will be prepended to the
/// data.
void WriteVTKEncodedCompressed(std::ostream &os, const void *bytes,
                               uint32_t nbytes, int compression_level);

/// @brief Return the VTK node index of the barycentric point @a b in a
/// triangle with refinement level @a ref.
///
/// The barycentric index @a b has three components, satisfying b[0] + b[1] +
/// b[2] == ref.
int BarycentricToVTKTriangle(int *b, int ref);

/// Determine the byte order and return either "BigEndian" or "LittleEndian"
const char *VTKByteOrder();

/// @brief Write either ASCII data to the stream or binary data to the buffer
/// depending on the given format.
///
/// If @a format is VTK::ASCII, write the canonical ASCII representation of @a
/// val to the output stream. Subnormal floating point numbers are rounded to
/// zero. Otherwise, append its raw binary data to the byte buffer @a buf.
///
/// Note that there are specializations for @a uint8_t (to write as a numeric
/// value rather than a character), and for @a float and @a double values to use
/// the precision specified by @a format.
template <typename T>
void WriteBinaryOrASCII(std::ostream &os, std::vector<char> &buf, const T &val,
                        const char *suffix, VTKFormat format)
{
   if (format == VTKFormat::ASCII) { os << val << suffix; }
   else { bin_io::AppendBytes(buf, val); }
}

/// @brief Specialization of @ref WriteBinaryOrASCII for @a uint8_t to ensure
/// ASCII output is numeric (rather than interpreting @a val as a character.)
template <>
void WriteBinaryOrASCII<uint8_t>(std::ostream &os, std::vector<char> &buf,
                                 const uint8_t &val, const char *suffix,
                                 VTKFormat format);

/// @brief Specialization of @ref WriteBinaryOrASCII for @a double.
///
/// If @a format is equal to VTKFormat::BINARY32, @a val is converted to a @a
/// float and written as 32 bits. Subnormals are rounded to zero in ASCII
/// output.
template <>
void WriteBinaryOrASCII<double>(std::ostream &os, std::vector<char> &buf,
                                const double &val, const char *suffix,
                                VTKFormat format);

/// @brief Specialization of @ref WriteBinaryOrASCII<T> for @a float.
///
/// If @a format is equal to VTKFormat::BINARY, @a val is converted to a @a
/// double and written as 64 bits. Subnormals are rounded to zero in ASCII
/// output.
template <>
void WriteBinaryOrASCII<float>(std::ostream &os, std::vector<char> &buf,
                               const float &val, const char *suffix,
                               VTKFormat format);

/// @brief Encode in base 64 (and potentially compress) the given data, write it
/// to the output stream (with a header) and clear the buffer.
///
/// @sa WriteVTKEncodedCompressed.
void WriteBase64WithSizeAndClear(std::ostream &os, std::vector<char> &buf,
                                 int compression_level);

} // namespace mfem

#endif


text:
The Red Mill (film)
The Red Mill
Theatrical poster
William Goodrich
(Roscoe Arbuckle)
King Vidor (uncredited)
Frances Marion
Joseph Farnham
1906 musical
Music by Victor Herbert
Lyrics by Henry Blossom
Owen Moore
Louise Fazenda
George Siegmann
Hendrik Sartov [fr]
Daniel J. Gray
Cosmopolitan Productions
January 29, 1927 (1927-01-29)
$539,000[1]
The Red Mill is a 1927 American comedy film, starring Marion Davies, directed by Roscoe Arbuckle (as William Goodrich) and produced by King Vidor.[2]
4 Availability
Tina (Marion Davies) is the drudge of the Red Mill Tavern in Holland. She works hard and long hours, with her only company being a mouse, named Ignatz. Willem (George Siegmann) is the mean Tavern proprietor who catches her feeding the mouse. He is outraged and scares away the mouse and takes it out on Tina.
Dennis Wheat (Owen Moore) is a foreigner who came to the Netherlands for the damsels. He was accompanied by his valet Caesar Rinkle (Snitz Edwards). One day, Tina notices Wheat and immediately falls in love with him. She sneaks out of the tavern to be closer to him and hears him saying he will judge an ice skating race. The winner of the race will be kissed by him.
Tina decides to enter and wins. When Dennis is about to kiss her, Willem storms out and takes Tina with him. She later finds out Dennis is leaving town and becomes sad. Tina goes back to her hard working days and fantasizes about Dennis returning. Dennis returns in the spring and takes an interest in the Burgomaster's daughter Gretchen (Louise Fazenda), who is about to marry the Governor (William Orlamond) but actually is in love with Captain Jacop Van Goop (Karl Dane).
Jacop sends Gretchen a letter, begging her to elope with him at night. Gretchen has to cross her overprotecting father if she wants to leave the house, and does not think there is any chance she will be able to leave the house. Tina, however, helps her escape successfully by dressing up like her and Gretchen dressing up like Tina. After Gretchen has left, Dennis sneaks into the house to meet the woman he noticed. He kisses Tina, thinking it is Gretchen.
Gretchen goes back home when she is scared after Tina's mouse ran into her shoe. Meanwhile, Caesar overhears someone saying Gretchen will inherit her grandfather's estate the day she marries and immediately informs Dennis. Jacop climbs on a ladder leading to Gretchen's room to reunite with her. Dennis sees this and thinks Jacop is kissing the same girl he kissed. He is mad and throws a stone to him, making him fall off his ladder through the window of the tavern.
Tina comes up, still dressed up as Gretchen, and tells Dennis Jacop was a relative and it was only a formal kiss. She promises to elope with him in the morning. The next day, Gretchen is forced to marry the governor. She begs Tina to save her, before she leaves with her father. Tina eventually scares everyone away with her mouse, and sneaks off with Gretchen. Gretchen is soon reunited with Jacop, but Tina is left being chased by both the wedding guests and the burgomaster.
Willem finds her hiding in the tavern and locks her up in a mill, which is rumored to be haunted by ghosts. Tina is scared, but Dennis comes after her and protects himself with a gun. An accident causes him to shoot Tina in the back. They kiss and are happy, but find out Willem is after them with a shotgun. Dennis and Tina escape through a window and can now finally love each other carefree.
Davies photographed by Ruth Harriet Louise for the film
Marion Davies as Tina
Owen Moore as Dennis
Louise Fazenda as Gretchen
George Siegmann as Willem
Karl Dane as Capt. Jacop Van Goop
Russ Powell as Burgomaster (as J. Russell Powell)
Snitz Edwards as Caesar Rinkle[3]
William Orlamond as Governor
Fred Gamble as Innkeeper (as Fred Gambold)
Ignatz as Himself
Kay Deslys as Skater (uncredited)
Sally Eilers as Skater (uncredited)
Scotty Mattraw as Cook (uncredited)
Carl 'Major' Roup as Extra (uncredited)
Turner Savage as Boy (uncredited)
The film, produced by Cosmopolitan Productions, is based on the 1906 musical The Red Mill that had starred comedian Fred Stone and was based on the book and music of the same name. The show was produced by famed theatrical impresario Charles Dillingham. Henry Blossom wrote the lyrics to Victor Herbert's music. The musical was revived again in the mid-1940s.[4]
In her 23rd film, Marion Davies played a Dutch kitchen drudge who gets involved in a case of mistaken identity. An entire Dutch village was constructed on the MGM lot, complete with windmills and canals. While Davies fondly remembered working with Louise Fazenda and Owen Moore, she had quite different memories of being repeatedly dunked in a hole in the ice. This film started the behind-the-scenes comeback of Roscoe Arbuckle. Although his on-screen credit for direction was a "William Goodrich," it was widely reported in the trade papers that he was directing the Davies film. This was the second film in which Davies ice skated. She had previously learned to skate for The Young Diana.[5]
The film never had a VHS release, though it aired on the cable channel Turner Classic Movies on January 3, 2008, which was the birthday of leading role actress Marion Davies.[6] It became available on DVD directly from The Warner Archive as of March 22, 2009.[7]
Fatty Arbuckle filmography
^ Slide, Anthony. Silent Topics: Essays on Undocumented Areas of Silent Film. Scarecrow Press. p 26
^ "Progressive Silent Film List: The Red Mill". Silent Era. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
^ 8 minutes 30 seconds in the film
^ The Broadway League. "''The Red Mill'' as performed on Broadway at the Knickerbocker Theatre, September 24, 1906 to May 1907 for 274 performances;IBDb.com". Ibdb.com. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
^ Lorusso, Edward (2017) The Silent Films of Marion Davies, CreateSpace, pp. 126-127.
^ Deco Films Official website of Marion Davies
^ "The Warner Archive". Wbshop.com. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
The Red Mill on IMDb
The Red Mill at the TCM Movie Database


In June 2016, the Victorian Cyclocross Series ventured to Mt Beauty and it was wet and muddy, Victoria was in the midst of one of our wettest winters in years, certainly since I got involved in Cyclocross.
Additionally, the course designers had done a wonderful job, forcing everyone off the bike, into slick, deep and heavy mud at a number of points throughout the course.
As I raced that day, I had an overwhelming sense that I was lacking a number of things, fitness being one, but most pertinent to this story – traction and grip. At certain points on the course, there was nothing to do but get off and run, and by run I mean slide backwards, on your feet if you were lucky, on your face if you were less so.
I vaguely remembered someone had tweeted about toe spikes, turns out it was none other than Lisa Jacobs who had long before tweeted about Horst Engineering, their sponsorship of her racing and their Cross Spikes™ – and so began a journey of negotiation to bring Cross Spikes™ to Australia.
Today, I'm very proud to announce that in partnership with Horst Engineering, our initial shipment of Australian stock is on it's way and Australian cyclocrossers will soon have ready access to this great product range without prolonged shipping delays and exorbitant individual shipping costs.
Pre-orders will become available in the next week or so and I aim to have product in customer's hands (or shoes) by the end of November, or preferably earlier.
A small selection of the range of spikes and kits is currently displayed in the store, as stock arrives we will be stocking the entire selection of products, including both stainless steel and titanium versions.


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LeJOS is een vervanging voor de standaard NXT-firmware voor de Brick van LEGO Mindstorms. leJOS was aanvankelijk ontwikkeld onder een andere naam, namelijk TinyVM en is ontwikkeld door José Solórzano eind 1999. Het begon als een hobby-opensourcesoftware-project, dat hij later heeft uitgebreid tot het huidige leJOS. Tegenwoordig is de ontwikkeling van leJOS onder leiding van programmeur Paul Andrews, José Solórzano is uit het project gestapt.

leJOS is oorspronkelijk ontwikkeld voor de oudere versie van Lego Mindstorms; de RCX, maar in januari 2007 is leJOS ook overgezet naar de NXT-module. Deze is ongeveer 15 keer sneller, heeft meer geheugen, een Bluetooth mogelijkheid en heeft nu ook een menu.

Programmering in Java
Het doel van leJOS is het schrijven van een programma in Java. Het voordeel van Java is dat het redelijk makkelijk is om snel een werkend platform te hebben. De ontwikkelaars hebben een API (Application programming interface) online staan. Er zijn enkele tutorials beschikbaar op de website van leJOS.

Externe link
 Projectpagina

Firmware
LEGO
Opensourcesoftware en vrije software


The Piping and Accessories (Air, Siemens) model includes a reel of tubing, a tube cutter, connectors, and other items required to use the air workstation. A manual needle valve is also included to control the flow of air in the process. A Siemens unmanaged switch also comes with the accessories.


Last weekend we enjoyed our annual pre-Christmas trip to Edinburgh to enjoy the festive markets, fairgrounds and everything else that Scotland's capital has to offer in winter. It's one of our favourite times of year to visit (but then, anytime's a good time to visit really – if you need any inspiration for a weekend escape in our favourite Scottish city you can find oodles of information here). This time, as well as visiting the festive carnival and exploring the magical displays in Princes Street Gardens, we enjoyed a couple of new experiences including a private tour of the Mansfield Traquair Centre, a former Catholic Apostolic Church known locally as 'Edinburgh's answer to the Sistine Chapel'. If you ever get the chance to visit, please do so – it's utterly unique. We spent an hour and a half learning about the murals painted by Phoebe Traquair over the course of 8 years in the 1890's to decorate the building. You can find out more about the building, its history, open days and private tours on the Mansfield Traquair Trust website. Nowadays, you can even get married there. Imagine that!
The Dome does Christmas so well!
But the highlight of this year's trip – at least according to a certain pair of 9 and 11 year olds – had to be our discovery of the 'Potter Trail' – an award-winning walking tour inspired by all things Harry Potter. I think I first heard about the trail on Morgana's blog some time ago now, and as soon as I read about it, I knew it was something my two Harry Potter fans would thoroughly enjoy. Without giving too much away (I don't want to spoil the experience for anyone), it's a fantastic tour around Edinburgh's old town taking in some of the sights and scenes that inspired J.K. Rowling's phenomenal wizarding series. It includes a trip round Greyfriars Kirkyard, a visit to Voldemort's grave (apparently one of the most visited graves in Europe), some insights into where J.K. Rowling got her character names from, and even a look at the school which might have been the inspiration for Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry itself! The tour also includes a magic spell that drew gasps from our assembled audience (honestly!), and points out the two Edinburgh cafés where J.K. Rowling famously spent time writing parts of the books. You might even be lucky enough – like my youngest – to find yourself getting sorted into a wizarding house (incidentally, it was Hufflepuff 😉 ). If not, you can still have fun finding out about the real-life Diagon Alley and waving your little wand (kindly handed out at the start of the tour) hopefully around.
It all left us wondering if one day we could afford to spend our next winter getaway in Edinburgh in the Rowling Suite (at a cost of approximately £1500 a night, the answer was most definitely not yes). Instead we headed off for (a slightly more realistic) coffee and cake in a nearby eatery and mulled over everything we'd discovered. From humble cafes to lofty views of Calton Hill from No 1 Princes Street, J.K. Rowling's story is almost as inspiring as the wizarding world she created. And in the magical setting of Edinburgh's winter wonderland, it was a perfect reminder that even us mere muggles can set our sights as soaring as the sky.
Oh wow, what a lovely weekend it sounds like you had. The HP tour sounds great, and clearly the rain didn't dampen that experience, and I love all beautifully you've captured all the lights. Thanks for sharing!


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COVID-19 and The Law
Law and Policy to Address Basic Needs and Marginalized Populations
Governmental Powers
Health Law and COVID-19
Housing and Food Law
Education and Disinformation
Labor, Employment and Duties of Care
Money, Finance, and Consumers
Prisons and Incarcerated Populations
Immigration and Detention Centers/Comparative and International Issues
Access to Justice and Legal Innovation
New Developments / Reflections
Expanding the Franchise: Constitutional Mechanisms to Make Election Administration Reforms in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Permanent
January 22, 2021 by Kareem Carryl, J.D. 2022
By many measures, the 2020 general election for federal, state, and local positions was a success in terms of an efficient and lawful administration of election infrastructure. In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the laws and rules governing election administration in many states were changed to make voting safe and more accessible amid the health crisis. Some of the most prevalent changes enacted include increasing access to mail-in voting by mailing actual ballots or applications, expanding in-person early voting opportunities, increasing the number of ballot drop boxes available, and relaxing deadlines and requirements. As a result, the 2020 presidential election had the highest turnout for a presidential election in 120 years. Two-thirds of the voting-eligible population – 157 million Americans – voted in the presidential election and 98% of counties in the United States experienced an increase in participation over 2016. While turnout was high, available data shows that the number of rejected mail-in / absentee ballots was generally lower than in the 2016 and 2018 elections.[1]
Despite the success, these changes, many of which had been proposed by voting rights advocates for years, were met with significant resistance. As of January 5, 2021, over 600 lawsuits have challenged pandemic-related changes. President Trump and his presidential campaign have consistently cast doubt on the legitimacy of election results with allegations of fraud based on little to no documented evidence. While courts and election officials have repeatedly rejected these claims, their impact on Republican state legislatures and voters—as well as prominent Republican politicians who have seized on this issue—should not be underestimated. In fact, as state legislatures craft their agenda for 2021, Republican lawmakers in Georgia and Pennsylvania have stated their intention to roll back pandemic-related voting changes and increase burdens on the right to vote through policies such as additional photo ID requirements. There is a lot of data that show these burdens disproportionally fall hardest on minorities as well as low income communities.
Following the 2020 election, at least 30 states will have a Republican majority in both of their respective state legislative chambers. This, coupled with narrow Democratic majorities in the House of Representatives and the Senate, leaves the recent pandemic-related advances in voting rights in a precarious position. While traditional means of protecting voting rights through state action remain available, Congress has constitutional mechanisms at its disposal to strengthen access to the franchise. This post will focus on the federal congressional elections rather than presidential, state, and local elections, which entail other constitutional provisions.[2] Specifically, it will review the Elections Clause and Article I, Section 5, Clause 1, the latter of which has rarely been invoked as a tool against voter suppression, if at all.
The Elections Clause
State governments enjoy the primary responsibility of managing the "time, place, and manner" of elections. This has resulted in a highly decentralized and heterogenous election system that is often justified as a traditional deference to state government and the desire to allow states to experiment and drive innovation that may later inform national policies.[3] Notwithstanding this power, the federal government has the ability to "make or alter" regulations related to federal congressional elections through the Elections Clause. There is little debate over the expansive abilities of Congress in this space. Supreme Court jurisprudence has reaffirmed that Congress' power over rules related to federal elections is quite expansive, acknowledging that "it is well settled that the Elections Clause grants Congress 'the power to override state regulations' by establishing uniform rules for federal elections, binding on the States."[4] In addition to the Elections Clause, Congress can exercise its authority to regulate elections, including federal congressional elections, through several complementary constitutional provisions (e.g., the 14th and 15th Amendments).[5]
Since the 19th century, Congress has used its power pursuant to the Elections Clause and other constitutional provisions to enact laws with the purpose of making it easier for eligible voters to exercise their right to vote, including items such the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002, which created minimum standards on voter education, registration, and ballots; the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) of 1993, which created new ways to register to vote; and of course, the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965, which prohibited voter discrimination based on race, color, or membership in a language minority group through the enforcement power of the 15th Amendment.
While the For the People Act of 2019 (H.R. 1), which was passed in the House of Representatives, is clearly a starting point for reforms that can be sought out in this new congressional session, the recent elections provide us with data that justify additional possibilities. For example, Congress can mandate all states to allow no-excuse absentee ballots for federal elections, an idea that Senator Ron Wyden introduced in March 2020 given the uncertainty during the early days of the pandemic. While this bill did not ultimately become law, several states temporarily implemented variations of this policy. It played a role in the record-breaking turnout we saw in states like Massachusetts (71.6%) and South Carolina (64%). Increased voter participation is a good thing that we should strive for. Policies like no-excuse absentee ballots that help to increase participation should not be classified as a pandemic response. Rather, it can and should be considered as a universal rule for all states in all federal elections, as is already the law in 34 states and Washington, D.C.
Defining "duly elected" under Article I, Section 5, Clause 1
As evidenced by the failure of the 116th Congress to successfully pass significant election reforms as part of the For the People Act of 2019 (H.R. 1) and the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of 2020 (H.R. 4), the 117th Congress may similarly find it difficult to secure filibuster-proof bipartisan support for reforms that build on the success of the 2020 elections to protect the right to vote. Can Congress, instead, use Article I, Section 5, Clause 1 if its members believe that an individual's election was the result of widespread voter suppression, for example?
Under Article I, Section 5, Clause 1 of the Constitution, both the Senate and the House of Representatives are the "judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members." While the Supreme Court has stated that the qualifications for a person serving in Congress are limited to the requirements denoted in the Constitution, both chambers may be constitutionally entitled to judge whether a member is "duly elected."[6] This determination is non-justiciable by federal courts.[7]
For House of Representatives, the process to exclude a member-elect is explained by the Federal Contested Elections Act of 1969. Under this Act, elections challenged by either the losing candidate or the House itself are referred to the Committee of House Administration. Following an investigation, the Committee can issue recommendation(s) for action, which may be approved by the House with a simple majority vote. A possible recommendation includes declaring a seat vacant and requiring a new election to be held. Unlike the House, the Senate's procedures are dictated by precedent rather than statute, with the Rules Committee investigating and the full chamber voting on the recommendation. In past instances, actions have required a filibuster-proof majority. This was the case, for example, in 1974-75 election of the senator from New Hampshire, which ended with John Durkin taking the seat after a special election.
While Article I, Section 5, Clause 1 has not been used explicitly to combat voter suppression, it does not appear that there are any restrictions that would prevent such an exercise of constitutional authority. Per Supreme Court jurisprudence in Powell v. McCormack, Roudebush v. Hartke, and their progeny, each chamber could craft a definition of "duly elected" that incorporates its voting rights priorities. Both chambers of Congress could, for example, state that members cannot be seated if voter suppression techniques were used. The House of Representatives could find, for example, that "duly elected" representatives need to come from districts that were crafted in accordance with traditional districting principles rather than ones that are overly gerrymandered for partisan advantage. Such a definition would be especially impactful following the Supreme Court's holding in Rucho v. Common Cause that partisan gerrymandering claims are non-justiciable in federal courts.[8]
The determination that a member should not be seated is one of great consequence, and if abused, there is a risk that the actions of the respective chambers could be construed as anti-democratic. In order to prevent this, the definition of a "duly elected" member should be made before elections are held. When the Article I, Section 5, Clause 1 is used ex ante, which is allowable, states can and necessarily will have changed their own policies in order to ensure their representatives are seated. Elections will thus be held appropriately, which would reduce the possibility of seemingly subverting the will of the people.
Congress has other tools at its disposal to further prevent abuse of Article I, Section 5, Clause 1 power. For example, each chamber could decide a supermajority is required to determine that a member should not be seated for reasons not articulated in the ex ante definition of "duly elected." In fact, this would be in line with the power to "expel" a member of Congress for "disorderly behavior" under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. Such a requirement may prevent against anti-democratic ex post abuse of the constitutional provision.
This recent election season has provided us with the valuable data for election reforms that greatly bolster access to the franchise. This should not go to waste. Before an unprecedented effort forces us back to the status quo, Congress can and should work to enshrine many of these reforms in order to move us closer to the promise of every person having their voice heard.
Thank you to Professor Nicholas Stephanopoulos for his helpful input for this post.
[1] Additional state level information is available at Ballotpedia. Last accessed on January 20, 2021.
[2] For a thorough discussion of the electoral power of Congress over elections, see Stephanopoulos, Nicholas, The Sweep of the Electoral Power (October 20, 2020). Constitutional Commentary, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3715826.
[3] Kathleen Hale, Et al., Administering Elections: How American Elections Work 53 (2015) ("The states have typically been the sources of innovation; most national policies have copied innovations already existing in some states and extended them to all states.").
[4] Foster v. Love, 522 U.S. 67, 69 (1997).
[5] Stephanopoulos, supra at 52.
[6] Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 522 (1969).
[7] Roudebush v. Hartke, 405 U.S. 15, 19 (1972).
[8] Rucho v. Common Cause, 139 S. Ct. 2484, 2507 (2019).


Today, one of the most successful writer-producer duos in modern pop history, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, released the track, "Til I Found You" featuring the Grammy Award-winning group, Sounds of Blacknesswith lead vocals by Ann Nesby, Big Jim Wright who recently passed and Lauren Evans. Announced exclusively via Billboard, the track is the first single off the duo's first ever compilation album, Jam & Lewis: VOLUME ONE, which will feature all original new music from mega superstar acts. The album will be released via Jam and Lewis' record label, Perspective Records, and distributed by Caroline this summer.
Jam and Lewis chose to lay the foundation with Sounds of Blackness as the first release from this project, since the group was the debut act to be signed on the original Perspective Records. Adorned with powerful vocals and an uplifting message, the inspirational track can be listened to here.
While Jam and Lewis have spent their careers shaping the sounds of legendary musicians, Jam & Lewis: VOLUME ONE is the duo's first compilation project. Over the past few decades, Jam and Lewis have earned more than 100 gold, platinum, multi-platinum and diamond albums for their work with artists, such as Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Boyz II Men, Usher, Earth Wind and Fire, Gwen Stefani and Kanye West. Last year, Jam and Lewis curated the 10-day Super Bowl Live music festival in their hometown of Minneapolis, which featured acts, includingIdina Menzel, Rae Sremmurd, The Jets, KING, Skylar Grey and more.