text:
Figure 1. PRISMA Flow Diagram
PRISMA Flow Diagram of Literature Search and Study Selection for Meta-analysis of Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata (AA)
Figure 2. Association Between Atopic Dermatitis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata (AA)
Forest plots are presented for the log odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of atopic dermatitis in vitiligo compared with control patients and subset analysis for early-onset compared with late-onset vitiligo (upper panel) and atopic dermatitis in AA compared with control patients and subset analysis of alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis (AT/AU) compared with patchy alopecia (lower panel).
Table 1. Study Characteristics for the Prevalence of Vitiligoa
Table 2. Study Characteristics for the Prevalence of Alopecia Areataa
eFigure 1. World Map of Study Locations
eTable 1. Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale for Studies Included in the Review
eTable 2. Evaluation of Studies Using MEVORECH Checklist
eTable 3. Reported Atopic Dermatitis Prevalences in Several Countries
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Dermatology Vitiligo Atopic Dermatitis Hair Disorders
Mohan GC, Silverberg JI. Association of Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata With Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(5):522–528. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3324
Association of Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata With Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Girish C. Mohan, MD1; Jonathan I. Silverberg, MD, PhD, MPH1,2
1Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
2Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(5):522-528. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3324
Importance Previous studies found conflicting results as to whether atopic dermatitis (AD) is increased in patients with vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA).
Objective To compare the prevalence of AD between patients with either vitiligo or AA and those without these disorders by performing a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Data Sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and a manual search of 12 additional journals between 1946 and April 5, 2014.
Study Selection Observational studies published in any language that compared the prevalence of AD among patients with and without either vitiligo or AA.
Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 2 independent investigators. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist. A meta-analysis of studies assessing AD, vitiligo, and/or AA was performed using a fixed-effects model to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Subset analyses were performed for childhood vs adult-onset vitiligo and alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis vs patchy alopecia.
Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported and/or physician-diagnosed AD, vitiligo, and AA.
Results In total, 16 studies of vitiligo and 17 studies of AA were included in the review. In the pooled analysis of the studies that included control patients without vitiligo (n = 2) and control patients without AA (n = 3), patients with vitiligo (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel OR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.06-20.00, P < .001) or AA (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.25-2.94, P < .001) had significantly higher odds of AD than did control patients without these disorders. Pooled analysis of 3 studies found higher odds of AD in patients with early-onset vitiligo (<12 years) compared with those with late-onset vitiligo (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 2.24-5.63, P < .001). Pooled analysis of 4 studies found higher odds of AD in patients with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis compared with those with patchy alopecia (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.48, P = .04).
Conclusions and Relevance Patients with either vitiligo, especially early-onset disease, or AA, especially alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis, have significantly increased risk for AD.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), often called eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis, including skin barrier disruption, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation. All these mechanisms may contribute to comorbid health disorders. Indeed, AD is associated with multiple comorbid mental1 and physical health disorders, including asthma, hay fever, and food allergy2,3; increased cutaneous and extra-cutaneous infections4; obesity5,6; epilepsy7; and injury requiring medical attention.8
Vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) are commonly encountered inflammatory skin disorders. The co-occurrence of AD together with either vitiligo or AA may have important clinical ramifications, with potentially different phenotypes, prognosis, and/or response to therapy. However, previous studies found conflicting results about whether AD is also associated with other inflammatory skin disorders, in particular vitiligo or AA. We hypothesized that AD is increased in patients with vitiligo or AA, especially severe disease. We therefore sought to systematically analyze the extant literature of observational studies to determine if AD is indeed associated with having either of these disorders.
We searched the following databases through April 5, 2014: MEDLINE (1946-present), EMBASE (1947-present), and the Cochrane Library (1992-present). We also hand-searched 12 journals: Acta Dermato-Venereologica (1998-present), Archives of Dermatological Research (1975-present), JAMA Dermatology (formerly Archives of Dermatology;1960-present), British Journal of Dermatology (1998-present), BMJ (1840-present), Clinical and Experimental Dermatology (1997-present), Dermatology (1894-present), Journal of Investigative Dermatology (1998-present), Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1979-present), JAMA (1883-present), Lancet (1991-present), and the New England Journal of Medicine (1928-present). We also searched Google Scholar.
To search for the conditions of interest, we used the terms atopic dermatitis AND vitiligo, eczema AND vitiligo, atopic dermatitis AND alopecia areata, and eczema AND alopecia areata. Studies published online and in print and in press studies from all years were included. All search results with titles and abstracts written in English were eligible for inclusion. Studies were then excluded based on the title and/or abstract if there was no clear indication that they were investigating characteristics of patients with vitiligo, AA, or AD. Relevant studies in foreign languages (1 written in Turkish and 2 written in German) were translated using Google Translate (https://translate.google.com). Three potentially relevant articles written in Korean were unable to be translated by Google Translate. However, data contained in their English abstracts were included.
Studies with no primary epidemiologic data reporting either the numbers of AD cases among patients with vitiligo or AA or vice versa were excluded. In addition, studies were excluded if data reported in the abstract and/or body of the results conflicted with a table in the full text. If data were duplicated in more than 1 study, the most recent and complete study was included in the meta-analysis.
We also searched MEDLINE for reported AD prevalence in the locations or nearest neighbor to the locations of where the included studies were conducted. We used the search terms atopic dermatitis prevalence AND the country and city name.
Both reviewers (G.C.M. and J.I.S.) independently performed data extraction from these studies and any differences were resolved by discussion. From these 33 studies (17 studies of AA and 16 studies of vitiligo), data items collected were timeframe of study; study design; how each condition of interest was diagnosed or accounted for; country of study; total number of patients in study; number of patients with AA, vitiligo, and AD; severity of patients with AA, divided into alopecia totalis (AT), alopecia universalis (AU), and non-AT or non-AU; severity of patients with vitiligo, divided into generalized, localized, acrofacial, and segmental; family history of AA or vitiligo; prevalence of AD within subsets of AA or vitiligo; response to any treatment administered; mean age of patients and mean age at onset of disease; number of females in the study; duration of disease; and similar data points in control patients, if present.
The exposures were defined as physician-diagnosed or self-reported AA or vitiligo. Atopic dermatitis was the dependent variable, as defined by self-report by patients, diagnosis by a physician as part of the study, and/or previous recording in medical records. Distribution of AA lesions was categorized into AT or AU vs non-AT or non-AU.
Study Quality Assessment
Measures of study quality were collected for each study, including funding; conflicts of interest; ethical approval of study; journal name; method of sampling of participants; sampling frame; discussion of sampling bias; analysis of sampling bias, including stratifying of participants; response rate if relevant; exclusion rate if reported; exclusion criteria; participant flow; presence of controls; methods or source used to diagnose AD, AA, and vitiligo; validation of AD, AA, and vitiligo diagnoses; severity and frequency of symptoms of AD, AA, and vitiligo; discussion and analysis of confounding factors; precision of estimates; appropriateness of statistical analysis used; assessment of temporality of AD, AA, and vitiligo; dose response with vitiligo or AA severity; and sample size justification. This assessment of study quality was based on the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist.9
The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analysis was used to assess study quality.10 The scoring system summarized 8 aspects of each study: adequacy of the case definition, representativeness of the cases, selection of controls, definition of controls, comparability of cases and controls on the basis of the design or analysis, ascertainment of exposure, same method of ascertainment for cases and controls, and comparison of nonresponse rate between cases and controls. The full score was 9 stars, and a high-quality study was defined as a study with 7 or more stars.
Given the relative dearth of well-constructed studies regarding this topic, we decided a priori to include all studies in the meta-analysis regardless of study quality. Our statistical analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc). Comparable outcomes of all vitiligo or AA studies were combined, and measures of consistency were obtained. The principal summary measures are pooled prevalence estimates, as well as odds ratios (ORs) of the odds of AD in patients with either AA or vitiligo with 95% CIs estimated by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. P < .05 (2-tailed) was considered significant. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed to examine whether AD was associated with early-onset (<12 years) vs late-onset vitiligo (≥12 years), as well as AT or AU vs patchy alopecia. Heterogeneity of results across studies was determined by a Cochran Q statistic P<.05 and/or I2 statistic greater than 50%. Forest plots were constructed for all studies included in the meta-analysis. Egger regression, Begg rank correlation, and funnel plot regression were used to assess for potential publication bias.
The literature search yielded 1950 articles. After review of the titles and abstracts, 1845 articles did not meet our inclusion criteria and 70 were excluded for lack of data for the prevalence of AD, vitiligo, and/or AA. In addition, 1 AA study was excluded owing to conflicting results between the abstract and text and data tables11 and 1 vitiligo study was excluded because of data overlap with another study by the same author.12 In total, 16 studies of vitiligo13-28 and 17 studies of AA29-45 were included in the review. The PRISMA flow diagram is presented in Figure 1.
The studies were cross-sectional with respect to prevalence of AD; collected data, either retrospectively or prospectively, included both males and females and encompassed participants of all ages. Published years of studies ranged from 1965 to 2014, which included data gathered from 1946 to 2013. The 16 studies of the association of AD with vitiligo included 10 200 patients from 11 countries, of which 7017 had vitiligo and 3183 were controls. The 17 studies of AD with AA included 798 597 patients from 11 countries, of which 13 810 had AA and 784 787 were controls. Study locations are mapped in eFigure 1 in the Supplement. There was considerable regional variation of AD prevalence (Table 1 and Table 2).
Quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale revealed that only 3 AA studies29,30,38and none of the vitiligo studies were high quality (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Similarly, quality assessment using the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist revealed major deficiencies and/or poor reporting in all studies (eTable 2 in the Supplement).
AD in Vitiligo
Quiz Ref IDOverall, 823 (11.7% [range, 0.0%-47.6%]) patients with vitiligo and 192 (6.0% [range, 1.7%-6.1%]) control patients had a previous and/or current history of AD. Among both patients with vitiligo and control patients, AD prevalence was higher in studies with self-report than physician diagnosis of AD (vitiligo, 15.4% vs 2.8%; controls, 6.0% vs not estimated, respectively).
In the pooled analysis of the 2 studies that included control patients without vitiligo,14,22 patients with vitiligo had significantly higher odds of AD than did control patients without vitiligo (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel OR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.06-20.00, P < .001) (Figure 2). No significant heterogeneity was identified between the 2 studies (Cochran Q = 1.71, P = .19; I2 = 41.5%).
We also performed a sensitivity analysis of pooled data from 3 published studies13,17,23 that compared results between early-onset (<12 years) and late-onset vitiligo (≥12 years). Quiz Ref IDEarly-onset vitiligo was associated with significantly higher odds of AD than late-onset vitiligo (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 2.24-5.63, P < .001) (Figure 2) without significant heterogeneity (Cochran Q = 1.68, P = .43; I2 = 0.0%). One study stratified AD prevalence by vitiligo body surface area and found that AD prevalence was significantly higher in patients with more extensive vitiligo (body surface area >75%).24
AD in AA
Quiz Ref IDOverall, 1296 (9.4% [range, 1.7%-33.4%]) patients with AA and 14701 (1.9% [1.9%-7.7%]) control patients had a previous and/or current history of AD. Among both patients with AA and control patients, AD prevalence was higher in studies with self-report of AD than in studies with physician diagnosis of AD (AA, 13.1% vs 8.2%; controls, 7.5% vs 1.9%, respectively).
In the pooled analysis of the 3 studies that included control patients without AA,29,35,38 patients with AA had higher odds of AD than did control patients without AA (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.25-2.94, P < .001) (Figure 2). No significant heterogeneity was identified between the 3 studies (Cochran Q = 3.40, P = .18; I2 = 41.2%).
Sensitivity analysis of pooled data from 4 published studies29,30,32,36 was performed, comparing results between AT or AU and patchy alopecia. Quiz Ref IDAlopecia totalis or AU was associated with a small but higher odds of AD than patchy alopecia (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.48, P = .04) (Figure 2), without significant heterogeneity (Cochran Q = 1.69, P = .64; I2 = 0.0%). One study found that AA patients with filaggrin gene mutations had more severe AA, although such mutations were not associated with AA overall.30 None of the vitiligo or AA studies included any details about AD severity, onset, distribution, phenotype, or duration.
AD Prevalence
Atopic dermatitis prevalences are presented for the locations where the included studies were conducted or the nearest neighbor with reported prevalence estimates (Tables 1 and 2). Of note, most of these prevalence studies were conducted in children, while the mean or median age of patients in many of the studies included for meta-analysis was older than 18 years. Further information regarding these prevalence studies is presented in eTable 3 in the Supplement.
Publication Bias
Publication bias was not detected using either Egger regression, Begg rank correlation, or funnel plot regression for any of the above mentioned outcomes (P ≥ .45).
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that patients with either vitiligo or AA have higher rates of AD compared with patients who do not have these disorders. While major issues related to heterogeneity and publication bias were not detected, most of the studies were not of high quality and had major deficiencies and poor reporting. Most studies only reported AD prevalence without accounting for potentially confounding factors, such as age, sex, severity of AA or vitiligo, duration of disease, or age of disease onset. However, pooling the data of these individual studies provides a greater sample size and inherently provides stronger evidence for this association. The broad time spanned by the data (1946-2013) is another potential limitation, since AD rates have increased during the past few decades.46 Unfortunately, there are no other systematic reviews or meta-analyses that have been performed on these associations with which we can compare our results. Studies included in this review and meta-analysis were performed in geographically diverse locations. The prevalences of AD observed in these studies were largely within the range of prevalences previously reported for those locations, although some reported AD prevalences differed. This suggests that some of the studies may have had selection bias with cohorts not entirely generalizable to their respective locations. This emphasizes the importance of such observational studies to include control groups for statistical comparison.
It is intriguing that the odds of AD were higher in those with early-onset vitiligo compared with adult-onset vitiligo or in those with AT or AU compared with patients with patchy alopecia. These results suggest that AD may be associated with specific subsets of vitiligo or AA and perhaps indicates poor prognostic value for these disorders. Conversely, it is possible that history of vitiligo or AA is associated with specific subsets of AD. However, none of the studies included data about the AD severity and/or phenotype. Furthermore, the cross-sectional nature of all the included studies precludes determination of which disorders appeared first. Future high-quality studies are needed to determine the effects of vitiligo or AA on AD severity and identify whether specific patient subsets are at risk for the combination of these disorders.
The co-occurrence of AD with vitiligo or AA raises the question whether these patients have the same mechanisms of disease response to therapy. However, the mechanisms of association between AD, vitiligo, and AA are yet unknown. Quiz Ref IDThere may be common pathways that are activated in these disorders, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin47,48 and T-helper 17,49,50 which may explain the associations. However, none of the studies incorporated any assessment of inflammatory pathways or disease biomarkers. There may also be shared genetics that underlies the associations. For example, filaggrin gene mutations in patients with AA were found to be associated with more severe AA.30 Future translational and therapeutic studies are needed to determine the interaction between these complex disorders.
Patients with vitiligo, especially early onset, or AA, especially AT or AU, appear to have increased risk of AD. However, further high-quality studies are needed, given the small number and low quality of studies to date. Future investigation into common risk factors and the mechanism of association between these disorders is also warranted.
Corresponding Author: Jonathan I. Silverberg, MD, PhD, MPH, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 Lakeshore Dr, Ste 1400, Chicago, IL 60611 (jonathanisilverberg@gmail.com).
Published Online: December 3, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3324.
Author Contributions: Drs Mohan and Silverberg had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: All authors.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Silverberg.
Study supervision: Silverberg.


text:
The King of The Worlds
K.T.W Volume 4: Chapter 46: Aizen
At the same time, in Soul Society, in the fifth division.
Aizen was sitting, holding a cup of hot tea, and squinted at the guy before him with a smile.
"oh, you honor me with your presence! What's going on?"
Kenpachi Chengdui's eyes were serious, with a grim face.
"Aizen, you don't have to put on this gentle expression in front of me."
Aizen didn't change his expression, he took a sip of the tea in his hand with a smile and then waved his hand to let all the reapers out of the place.
Putting the teacup gently on the table, Aizen raised his head to look at Kenpachi.
"Well, what can I do for you?"
Kenpachi stared at Aizen, he poured himself a cup of tea and then said.
"what can I do for you? Come on, Aizen! I know you for decades!"
"anyway, we have to do it!"
Then Aizen's eyes flashed and he said with a cold smile.
"The time has not come yet."
"There is no time. I've got everything ready. My men are now out there."
"The man who fought with me that day is of the same kind as me If we don't start planning first and are preempted by that guy, the world will be a mess!"
Kenpachi said coldly.
"Oh? similar to you? No wonder he's so powerful!"
Aizen said with a smile.
"He has already occupied Hueco Mundo, we must take Soul Society immediately!"
Kenpachi Chengdui immediately said, Aizen cold face changed and said.
"Oh? Really, he occupied Hueco Mundo, HaHa, What a wonderful man!"
his eyes under the glasses were cold.
"So, be prepared, we must act in Soul Society as soon as possible!"
Kenpachi Chengdui said.
"My plan hasn't been completed yet, and it will take time." Aizen said with a flat tone.
"I can give you time, but that guy won't give you time!"
"Aizen, you'd better understand that this is related to your world!"
Chengdui's voice was extremely cold, and he stood up suddenly.
"The world has nothing to do with me." Aizen's eyes flashed, and he smirked.
Kenpachi Chengdui was angry at the person in front of him, but at the bottom of his heart, he was afraid of him, unable to control him and this was his hope for the win, and could only snort coldly, and asked with anger.
"Then how much time do you need?"
"It's not good. Another important thing is in the hands of Urahara Kisuke, and that person is difficult to deal with!"
" Urahara Kisuke?"
"I will help you find him and find that thing. Our plan must start quickly."
"Next, my people will enter this world in batches, enter Soul Society, and you will help me cover-up." Kenpachi Chengdui took a deep breath and said in a deep voice.
"Oh, is it?" Aizen said with a smile.
"How many people are there?"
Kenpachi Chengdui sneered: "the number is beyond your imagination, that is a world more than ten times the population of your world."
"Next, you will see it!"
"That's amazing. "
Aizen's eyes flashed, he smiled.
If it's as Chengdui said, it's shocking.
"Hmph!" Afterward, Chengdui turned and left.
He didn't want to talk face to face too much with Aizen, he is too ambitious, and ambitious people are potential traitors, and the longer time he spends with him the shorter time he gets to know his weaknesses.
This is the King instinct, so in the relationship between the two of them, Chengdui has been careful, not leaving a handle to the other side.
When Chengdui left, the glasses of Aizen flashed.
After a long while, he picked up the teacup on the table, and a smirk appeared at the corner of his mouth.
"In other words, what we are going to witness is a war between other worlds in here launched by two people from different worlds?"
"How interesting is this!"
taking a sip of tea, Aizen's eyes became deeper.
"So, what is beyond this world?"
"I'm interested."
The people on the river bank wanted to catch the fish, and the fish wanted to break free from the river and take look at the scenery on the river bank.
Who said that the fish did not choose to be caught?
Once talked with Kenpachi Chengdui, Aizen understood his identity and the two have been working together silently. As early as hundreds of years ago, he had already become interested in Chengdui and the world behind it.
Is it interesting to rule Hueco Mundo, or to see greater worlds?
For Aizen were the worlds without hesitation.
"when the two kings fighting we can't take advantage, right? "
A smirk appeared at the corner of his mouth, and Aizen's eyes narrowed.
A more complicated but far-reaching plan slowly emerged before his eyes.
Gradually, Aizen's smile became more and more intense.
Outsiders seem to think that this world is just prey and hunting ground to be caught, so let them see who is the prey!
Las Noches Palace.
Qin Yi looked down with his blood-red eyes, looking at the three hostages.
"Are you Kenpachi Chengdui's men?"
"It seems that he has found a good group of subordinates." A playful smile appeared on the corner of his mouth, Qin Yi said lightly.
which surprised him that the power of the three in front of him could reach level 6 of Starlight, which was the power to surpass the civilization of the Qin state itself.
However, Qin Yi was not very worried. After the creation of the complete Divine kingdom of heaven, mortal, and underworld, the birth of the underworld enabled all people in the state of Qin to master Hollow Transformation!
Yes, even if you don't become a god of death, as long as you are willing to practice, you can go to the underworld and Hollow Transformation.
This kind of Hollow Transformation does not need to abandon the body but is aimed at the soul. Once changed, it can directly feedback to the physical body, grasp the power of Hollow, and increase its own strength.
In this way, in a short period, Qin State can raise strong men who are no less than the seventh level of Starlight.
Moreover, his people can be born again after death!
Qin Yi has nothing to be afraid of now!
"Is your power mainly based on the fighting spirit and magic?"
Qin Yi said lightly.
"Then, Chengdui sent you to this world, you are ready to attack."
" so, he already knows that I am in Hueco Mundo?" few words made Gorosen and the others slightly surprised but remained silent.
"come on said something! or I will only send you to die."
Qin Yi said calmly, glanced at the silent three.
"Your Excellency, it is our honor and dream to dedicate our lives to Utopia!" Gorosen said, his tone was very firm.
"Oh? That madman, did he just build Plato's dreams?"
"Utopia!"
Qin Yi suddenly stood up, a smile appeared at the corner of his mouth, and he stepped forward, slowly pull out Hades from his waist.
"Die, then,!" The blade flashed, and the blood suddenly splattered.
D.OTaku
6733528 4.5 3 weeks ago.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: ItemClickListener não disponível estou criando um projeto o qual mostra uma listagem de equipamentos através de uma RecyclerView. Ao clicar em algum item dessa RecyclerView, precisaria que fosse aberta uma nova tela com detalhes do item clicado. O problema é que não aparece a opção itemClickListener, mesmo estando declarado no viewHolder.
ViewHolder
public class InventarioViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements View.OnClickListener {
    public TextView txtHd, txtHostName, txtMarca, txtMemoria, txtModelo, txtPcId, txtProcessador, txtSetor, txtSo, txtTipo, txtUsuario;
    public ImageView img_user, menu_options;

    private ItemClickListener itemClickListener;

    public InventarioViewHolder(View itemView) {
        super(itemView);

         txtPcId = itemView.findViewById(R.id.pc_nome);
         txtUsuario = itemView.findViewById(R.id.pc_usuario);
         txtSetor = itemView.findViewById(R.id.pc_setor);

         img_user = itemView.findViewById(R.id.img_user);
         menu_options = itemView.findViewById(R.id.menu_options);

         itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        itemClickListener.onClick(view, getAdapterPosition(), false);

    }
}

Home.class
private void loadInventario() {
        adapter = new FirebaseRecyclerAdapter<Inventario, InventarioViewHolder>(Inventario.class,
                R.layout.inventario_item, InventarioViewHolder.class, categories) {
            @Override
            protected void populateViewHolder(InventarioViewHolder viewHolder, Inventario model, int position) {
                viewHolder.txtPcId.setText(model.getPcId());
                viewHolder.txtUsuario.setText(model.getUsuario());
                viewHolder.txtSetor.setText(model.getSetor());

                Picasso.with(Home.this).load(model.getImage()).into(viewHolder.img_user);

    //***********************  Após o viewHolder. deveria aparecer a opção setItemClickListener  *******************
                viewHolder.setItemClickListener(new ItemClickListener()){

                }

            }
        };
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        recycler_inventario.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

RecyclerView
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Home">

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recycler_inventario"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        app:backgroundTint="@android:color/white"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_playlist_add_black_24dp"/>

</RelativeLayout>

Layout da RecyclerView
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp">

    <View
        android:background="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="60dp"
        android:layout_height="0.6dp"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@android:color/white">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="60dp"
            android:layout_height="60dp"
            android:orientation="horizontal">

            <com.pkmmte.view.CircularImageView
                android:id="@+id/img_user"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:src="@drawable/ic_account_circle_black_24dp" />

        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginLeft="12dp"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/pc_nome"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:background="@color/overlayBackground"
                android:text="000000"
                android:textColor="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
                android:textSize="16sp"
                android:textStyle="bold" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/pc_usuario"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:background="@color/overlayBackground"
                android:text="Nome do usuário"
                android:textColor="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
                android:textSize="14sp" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/pc_setor"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:background="@color/overlayBackground"
                android:text="Setor"
                android:textColor="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
                android:textSize="12sp"
                android:textStyle="italic" />

        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginLeft="350dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="12dp">

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/menu_options"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/ic_more_vert_black_24dp" />

    </RelativeLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

A: Crie essa classe em seu projeto:
public class RecyclerItemClickListener implements RecyclerView.OnItemTouchListener {
    private OnItemClickListener mListener;

    public interface OnItemClickListener {
        public void onItemClick(View view, int position);

        public void onLongItemClick(View view, int position);
    }

    GestureDetector mGestureDetector;

    public RecyclerItemClickListener(Context context, final RecyclerView recyclerView, OnItemClickListener listener) {
        mListener = listener;
        mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(context, new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
                return true;
            }

            @Override
            public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
                View child = recyclerView.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(), e.getY());
                if (child != null && mListener != null) {
                    mListener.onLongItemClick(child, recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(child));
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(RecyclerView view, MotionEvent e) {
        View childView = view.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(), e.getY());
        if (childView != null && mListener != null && mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(e)) {
            mListener.onItemClick(childView, view.getChildAdapterPosition(childView));
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override public void onTouchEvent(RecyclerView view, MotionEvent motionEvent) { }

    @Override
    public void onRequestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent (boolean disallowIntercept){}
}

Após isso vá na sua activity onde está o recycler view e faça(Após já ter aplicado o adapter, claro):
mRecyclerView.addOnItemTouchListener(new RecyclerItemClickListener(Main.this, mRecyclerView ,new RecyclerItemClickListener.OnItemClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onItemClick(View view, int i) {
                     //Na view você pode recuperar os componentes em cada item
                     //Do recycler view, tipo:  view.findviewById(R.id.minhaImagem);

                  //int i é igual a posição da lista, se você sabe a posição
                //pode recuperar todos os itens da sua lista de objetos
                }

                @Override
                public void onLongItemClick(View view, int i) {
                     //O mesmo pra o onLong
                }
            })
        );

Assim você tem um controle melhor do seu RecyclerView

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ironbound Community Corporation is leading this two-year project to increase civic engagement among residents of Newark's East Ward through a tenants' rights approach that supports community members in focusing on housing affordability and potential displacement, the built environment that surrounds their housing developments, and housing conditions that are known to impact health. Specifically, this project focuses on engaging the residents of three public housing sites –Terrell Homes, Pennington Court and Hyatt Court — and the privately-owned, publicly-subsidized housing sites Aspen River Park Apartments, Pacific Apartments, and Pueblo City Housing. Through this project, the Greater Newark HUD Tenants' Coalition is cultivating resident leaders in each apartment building and equipping them with the resources and skills to advocate for a healthier East Ward, creating a model for other communities to replicate.


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APRIL 29, 2015 by DR. MARIANNA POCHELLI
Bruise Easily? 6 Reasons Why and One of The Easiest Ways To Reduce The Incidence
There are many reasons for easy bruising, a traumatic injury of the soft tissues that results in breakage of the local capillaries and leakage of red blood cells. If do bruise easily in different parts of your body, here is the best way to reduce the incidence.
In the skin, bruising can be seen as a reddish-purple discoloration that does not blanch when pressed upon. This discoloration leads to the classic "black and blue" appearance. When a bruise fades, it becomes green and brown as the body metabolizes the blood cells and bilirubin pigment in the skin. A bruise can sometimes be associated with a temporary raised area in the skin and is usually associated with some tenderness. A bruise is best treated with local application of a cold pack immediately after injury.
A bruise is medically termed a contusion. Bruises are typically a result of some degree of injury to the blood vessels in the skin. Easy bruising may be a result of a seemingly insignificant compression of skin or there may be no skin injury recollected.
The most common possible diagnoses for unexplained bruising are injuries the patient doesn't remember. It's not uncommon at all for an individual to suffer some minor bump during the day and forget about it ever happening. There are common causes and even simple ways to address them.
6 Reasons You May Experience Bruising
1) You're getting older
As you age, two things happen to your skin: It loses protective layers of fat, and the production of the structural protein collagen slows down. That means thinner skin that's more susceptible to bruising. "This is incredibly common in the 60+ population,"says Gary Goldenberg, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at The Mount Sinai Hospital. "It takes a lot less trauma to create a bruise than it ever did before in your life."
2) You have purpuric dermatosis.
Another vascular condition, this one means that blood leaks out from very small capillaries, resulting in thousands of teeny tiny orange and purple bruises. "This is fairly common in the elderly, especially in the shin area, and can look like cayenne pepper from far away," Goldenberg says. The most severe cases could cause itching, but prescription topical creams and good sunscreen habits are enough to rid yourself of the condition.
3) You have blood disorder
In the case of blood disease, many of them cause the blood to stop clotting properly, and this can result in bruising from very minor physical contact. Some of the disorders that might lead to this sort of unexplained bruising include hemophilia and leukemia. Many of these blood diseases are potentially deadly, and for that reason, it's generally considered very important for individuals to take unexplained bruises seriously.
4) You're Diabetic
Sometimes diabetics think that they're suffering with unexplained bruising, but in reality, the marks they find aren't actual bruises. Diabetics can develop patches of discolored skin on certain parts of their bodies, particularly in areas where the skin connects with other skin frequently. These patches are often darker, and the diabetic might think they are bruises, but these areas are actually related to an insulin-resistance-based condition.
5) Excessive strain through exercise
Body builders and other people who do a lot of weight lifting can injure themselves unknowingly, and that can result in bruises they can't explain. When people perform these kinds of exercises, they put a lot of strain on their muscles, and blood vessels can burst from the exertion. It's also generally true that any sort of vigorous exercise increases a person's chance for unexplained bruising. When people engage in physically taxing sporting activities, they tend to forget about minor physical impacts, and some of those impacts might be forceful enough to cause a bruise.
Easy bruising can occur when the blood vessels are weakened by medications such as aspirin, prednisone, prednisolone, contraceptives and many others. Many medications may cause deficiences in specific vitamins such as vitamin C which is criticial in healing a bruise.
Why You Need More Vitamin C
True vitamin deficiencies are rare in the US, but they do become more common with age. "In fact, the reason people put lemon and limes in their drinks is because vitamin C deficiencies are common in alcoholics,"Goldenberg says. Vitamin C is important in wound healing and the production of collagen, an important structural component of skin. Without enough of it, your blood vessels are out in the open and more likely to rupture. Signs you need more vitamin C: fatigue, depression, bleeding gums, swollen joints, nosebleeds, and dry hair and skin.
If you bruise easily, this should be your first course of action. If you increase your vitamin C intake to at least 2000mg per day and still experience excessive bruises, you may wish to seek the advice of a health professional to investigate the other possibilities above.
mayoclinic.org
Dr. Marianna Pochelli is a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine specializing in the treatment of disease through superfoods and herbal strategies. She actively promotes detoxification, colon cleansing, and a vegetarian lifestyle using living foods as a platform to health.
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With housing affordability at crisis levels in Sydney, it is vital that community housing providers like Evolve Housing play a greater role in growing the supply of appropriate and affordable housing. Partnering with the organisations to increase capacity and therefore the supply of appropriate and affordable housing is required to meet the growing needs of housing in Australia.
By aligning with like minded organisations that share our values we can demonstrate that partnerships can be mutually beneficial both economically and socially.
Evolve Housing is working on more partnerships and developments that will deliver more high density mixed tenure housing in locations supported by infrastructure providing much needed homes for those people in housing crisis.
Our ability to successfully partner has led to significant growth of appropriate and affordable housing in Australia.
The social and affordable housing developments made possible through our partnerships and joint ventures span across Australia.


As with any profession, certifications can assure the hiring party a certain level of competency. Although a national certification recognized by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf does not guarantee that an American Sign Language interpreter is the right match to a particular communications need, it does insure that the interpreter has agreed to specific ethical standards and practices and has been able to pass core competency exams.
In addition to looking at an interpreter's certification, it is important to know their strengths and weaknesses in any given situation. Top level interpreters possess an extremely large vocabulary and self-monitor themselves to make sure they are able to meet both the ethical and technical demands of the situation for which they are being asked to interpret.
It is important that an interpreter has the flexibility and life experience to meet the expectations of the environments in which they choose to work. We screen each interpreter and continue to monitor their performance and community relations throughout their relationship with us. We work hard to mentor and guide our interpreters and to learn from them also. We encourage feedback and recommendations for our Clients, our Interpreters and our Deaf Clients.
Access Services Northwest has gained a reputation within the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, WA metropolitan area for providing professional American Sign Language Interpreters for situations that require a high standard of competency and vocabulary skills in settings such as business, professional, medical, legal and post-secondary educational settings (faculty and students). In our commitment to maintaining the kind of service that has earned us this reputation, we are currently only considering freelance interpreters that fall within the following RID national certification guidelines for our team.
If you are a freelance interpreter and feel you meet our standards of excellence please contact us to discuss our registration and screening process.


text:
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Teatro Colon: Tickets & Tours
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Recoleta: Tickets & Tours
Bosques de Palermo: Tickets & Tours
Jardin Japones: Tickets & Tours
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes: Tickets & Tours
Palermo Soho: Tickets & Tours
Palermo: Tickets & Tours
Calle Defensa: Tickets & Tours
Cemiterio de Recoleta: Tickets & Tours
Palacio Barolo: Tickets & Tours
Centro Cultural Kirchner: Tickets & Tours
Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires: Tickets & Tours
Rosedal De Palermo: Tickets & Tours
Estadio Alberto J. Armando (La Bombonera): Tickets & Tours
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Top Family Friendly Things to Do & Kid Activities in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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"A place by the river where Nature meets the city, the Woman's Bridge, and a cute passage by the river to go for a stroll during the Summer, and get the breeze.""Poerto madero has various areas, starrting from commercial district, parks and playgrounds, restaurants, and old port with ship museum surrounded by restaurants and fastfood and cafe."
See 103 Experiences
"This is a lovely place for walking on week days (on weekends is full of people) and visit the Recoleta's church, the Recoleta's cementery, the Fine Arts museum, have a "café" in La biela "Remarkable bar", go shopp...""Very nice area ,full of restaurants,cafes, shopping mall and lots of street vendors ,displaying their handicrafts along the pavements.During the weekends,the whole area comes alive with the Flea Market."
Bosques de Palermo
"bosques de Palermo has always been a place fot me to train, run, walk, find peace, find green, enjoy nature in the middle of a big city.""There are lots of beautiful trees, lakes with boats and ducks and gees, a hugh rose garden with many different species, an Spanish patio with original ceramics from Andalucia, a Planetarium recently upgraded, and..."
See 33 Experiences
Jardin Japones
"beautiful gardens, well manicured it felt like an oasis in the middle of buenos aires such a nice walk through the little bridges and waterfall loved the koi fish in the pond, and the pergola""It is located in the green belt of Palermo Neighborhood of Buenos Aires which is studded with beautiful parks, monuments and places of interest like Botanical Garden, Zoological Garden, Japanese Garden, Rose Garde..."
Palermo Soho
"Great shopping at very reasonable prices overall , wonderful cafe , bars & restaurants.""Fantastic murals, street art, shops, brew pubs, bar, amazing restaurants and hotels."
"Palermo soho and Hollywood are very trendy, very enjoyable and safe area in BA.""Trendy area - around Plaza Serrano"
"This is a beautiful building...just looking at the architecture is worth a visit.""The Old Postal Office Building is now a truly awesome Cultural Center, where one can spend hours visiting artistic expositions, musical events, cultural phenomena, and the very well preserved and recycled eclectic..."
Rosedal De Palermo
"What they have in common is that they are the green lung of the city.""Beautiful park! Very nice statues, trees, roses and paths to walk in between them."
Estadio Alberto J. Armando (La Bombonera)
"All football fans must ensure that they make their way to watch the Boca Juniors play at La Bombonera.""I joined a guided tour of the stadium and I really enjoyed it!"
Estadio Monumental De River Plate
"Ver well organised and interesting tour of the stadium and informative well structured and modern museum adjacent.""The club also houses a restaurant, in which you can meet your friends before a match is played and there is also a Museum and a "tienda" River Manía for souvenirs, football jerseys and a lot more."
Floralis Generica
"It's a moving sculpture, opening its petals in the morning and closing them in the evening.""Worth a visit, beautiful metal flower that opens and close as the sun moves in a very nice park, you can relax on the grass or benches."
Reserva Ecologica
"More new birds .We had seen over 50 different species by now so were very pleased.""Perfect for biking or hiking, bird watching, respite, relaxation, trails extend along the Rio de la Plata estuary."
Museo River Plate
"You can see here historics objects and videos, and see all the River's t-shirts, plus a fiscal tour for Monumental Stadium and different virtual events."
Museo de los Ninos
"A Kidzania-like indoor park with many professional activities kids may try.""Great for Kids"
"This is an unforgettable place, is like going back in time to Jerusalem, the recreation of the different scenarios is incredible, "The wailing Wall" is AMAZING you can see people praying in front of the wall, is j...""A beautiful theme park centered around the history of Jerusalem and the many religious symbols that such city entails."
Lagos de Palermo
"Just like Bosques de Palermo, this helps you escape from the concrete jungle and enjoy some time with the nature.""There is a large rose garden, paths, bridges, sculptures, and lots of green."
"... de Mayo, the plaza located directly in front of the Casa Rosada (Pink House) executive mansion and surrounded by many historic buildings such as the National Cathedral, the National Bank and the National Museum.""This is a beautiful plaza with a wonderful view of the presidential palace, enormous Argentina flag, wonderful monuments, beautiful & historic buildings surrounding the plaza."
Parque 3 de Febrero
"The park is very nice and something to be done in a sunny day, to have the possibility to enjoy it all and completely.""This is the green area of the City, great lakes, roses area and the Planetarium."
Jardin Botanico
"Nice to go on a spring day and enjoy the start of the flowers along with all the huge trees.""Inside, there are roads of red pebbles that stained our shoes.In both sides of the road were covered of trees and exotic plants."
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
"The bottom floor had dinosaurs and prehistoric mammals, along with some modern day birds and ocean creatures.""Also, there are lots of dinosaur skeletons, a great collection of minerals and the expositions of the birds and reptiles/amphibias of Argentina are excellent."
Patio de los Lecheros
"The highlight here is the brightly colored painted houses and see the figures of Juan and Eva Peron, Che Guevara and Diego Maradona on the balconies.""Colorful street."
Avenida 9 De Julio
"As you cross the widest street in America, there are street vendors, shops, tango show theaters, and the pièce de résistance- the national historical monument- the Obelisco de Buenos Aires and an outline of Eva Pe...""From the people watching, to the cars racing around, engaging the vendors, grabbing a cafe, the small parks in the street, heading towards the obelisk, and the multiple shops and opportunities for social engagemen..."
Museo de la Pasion Boquense
Obelisco de Buenos Aires
"This structure, similar to the Washington Monument is a huge Obelisk in the centre of what must be the widest street in the world, with over 20 lanes of traffic, including 10 for the main carriageway, 4 for bus la...""Actual beautiful monument on the main avenue of Buenos Aires built in 1936, actually where a precious demolished church was located."
Planetario Galileo Galilei
"The planetarium has a wonderful projector with different performances.""Watched a play with the kids, this is a nice stop for curios kids."
Feria de Mataderos
"Many people selling items on a very long market can be seen too .""You'll need the entire day if you want to explore beyond the main square into the unending "fringe festival" that takes place in the adjacent park."
Mafalda Statue
"Mafalda Statueor stl In our humble opinion Mafalda Statue is just something to get to and have pictures taken with it .""It's a nice photo and a good remembrance for your childhood memories."
Fragata ARA
"a very interesting place-museum to visit when you are in the Puerto Madero area.""Nicely organised to wander around and a great place for photos."
Puente de la Mujer
"Be sure to see the bridge lit up at night!""The Puente de la Mujer is a unique pedestrian bridge located in the Puerto Madero district of Buenos Aires, only minutes from the Plaza de Mayo, Also there are lots of lovely art sculptures around."


§ 140-5 Shoulder and parking area construction.
§ 140-6 Removal of Nonconforming or Unsafe Mailboxes.
§ 140-7 Payment of Damages to Mailboxes.
Snowplowing — See Ch. 166.
Editor's Note: Former Ch. 140, Numbering of Buildings, adopted 4-17-1950, was repealed 7-6-1993 by L.L. No. 6-1993. See now Ch. 85, Buildings, Numbering of.
A mailbox or newspaper delivery box, hereafter referred to as mailbox, shall not be allowed to exist in the Town's right-of-way if, in the opinion of the Highway Superintendent, it interferes with the safety of the traveling public or the function, maintenance, or operation of the street, road, or highway system.
The location and construction of mailboxes shall conform to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Postal Service as well as to standards established in this Chapter.
A mailbox installation that conforms to the criteria in this Chapter shall be acceptable unless the Town's Highway Superintendent determines that it interferes with the safety of the traveling public or the function, maintenance or operation of the street, road or highway system in which circumstances a right-of-way permit shall be obtained from the Town's Highway Superintendent. A right-of-way permit shall not be required in the case of a conforming installation.
Where discretionary action is required by the Town's Highway Superintendent, application shall be made to the Town's Highway Superintendent and written permission received prior to installation of the mailbox.
Access. A mailbox shall not be permitted where access is otherwise prohibited by New York law or regulations promulgated by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles and/or Department of Transportation.
Placement. A mailbox shall be placed on the right-hand side of the roadway, in the direction of the delivery route, except on one-way streets where they may be placed on the left-hand side. The bottom of the mailbox shall be at an elevation between four (4) feet and four (4) feet four (4) inches above the roadway surface.
The width of an all-weather turnout, as specified by the Town's Highway Superintendent plus ten (10) to twelve (12) inches.
Offset on Curbed Streets. The roadside face of the mailbox shall be set back to a distance of between ten (10) and twelve (12) inches from the curb face.
Offset on Residential Low-Volume, Low-Speed Roads without Curb or All-Weather Shoulders. The roadside face of the mailbox shall be offset between eight (8) and twelve (12) inches behind the edge of pavement.
Offset on Very Low-Volume, Low-Speed Rural Roads. The roadside face of the mailbox may be offset six (6) feet eight (8) inches from the traveled way as determined by the Town's Highway Superintendent. Clearances as low as two (2) feet eight (8) inches may be authorized by the Highway Superintendent.
Driveway Entrance. Mailboxes at driveway entrances shall be placed on the far side of the driveway fifteen (15) feet from the far side of the driveway in the direction of the delivery route.
Intersecting Street or Road. When a mailbox is located at an intersection, it shall be placed a minimum distance of one hundred (100) feet beyond the center of the intersecting street in any direction of the delivery route. When the average daily traffic on the intersecting street exceeds four hundred (400) vehicles per day, the distance shall be two hundred (200) feet.
Guardrail. Where a mailbox is to be installed in the vicinity of an existing guardrail, it shall be placed behind the guardrail unless application is made and written permission received from the Town's Highway Superintendent.
Twenty-three and one-half (23 1/2) inch length, eleven and one half (11 1/2) inch width, thirteen and one half (13 1/2) inch height.
Materials. Mailboxes shall be of light sheet metal, fiberglass, plastic or light material construction and conform to the requirements of the U.S. Postal Service. Newspaper delivery boxes shall be of light sheet metal or plastic construction and of minimum dimensions suitable for holding a newspaper.
Number of Boxes. No more than two (2) mailboxes shall be mounted on a support structure unless the support structure and mailbox arrangement have been shown to be safe by crash testing as conducted by the Federal Highway Administration or the New York State Department of Transportation. Lightweight newspaper delivery boxes may be mounted below the mailbox on the side of the mailbox support.
Concrete Foundation. Mailbox supports shall be placed in native soil or in crushed aggregate base materials whenever these materials provide adequate support. Mailbox supports shall not be placed in concrete unless necessary for support. Mailbox supports shall not be set in concrete placed at a depth any greater than twelve (12) inches.
Posts. A single four (4) inch by four and one half (4 1/2) inch diameter wooden post or metal post with a strength no greater than a two (2) inch diameter standard strength steel pipe, and embedded no more than twenty four (24) inches into the ground shall be acceptable as a mailbox support. A metal post shall not be fitted with an anchor plate, but it may have an anti-twist device that extends no greater than ten (10) inches below the ground surface.
Attachment. The post-to-mailbox attachment details shall be of sufficient strength to prevent the mailbox from separating from the post top if the installation is struck by a vehicle or a snow plow. The minimum spacing between the centers of support posts shall be three-fourths (3/4) of the height of the posts above the ground line.
It shall be the responsibility of the postal patron to inform the Town's Highway Superintendent of any new or existing mailbox installation where shoulder construction of a Town maintained street is inadequate to allow all-weather vehicular access to the mailbox.
Any mailbox that is found to violate the intent of this Chapter shall be declared unacceptable and removed by the postal patron upon notification by the Town's Highway Superintendent. At the discretion of the Town's Highway Superintendent, based on an assessment of hazard to the public, the postal patron shall be granted not less than twenty-four (24) hours, nor more than thirty (30) days, to remove an unacceptable mailbox. After the specified removal period has expired, the unacceptable mailbox shall be removed by the Town at postal patron's expense.
If a mailbox is not installed according to the requirements of this Chapter, the Town will not be liable to repair or replace the mailbox if damaged by a Town owned snowplow.


Fell ViewSelf-cateringOriginally an old workshop, Fell View has been converted into a charming holiday home for up to 6 people. Elterwater is a pretty village and this cottage is ideally placed to watch the world go by from its elevated position. Comfortably furnished it is a great place to relax in and return to after exploring the beautiful countryside of the Lakes.


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PARIS (Reuters) – French lawmakers said on Monday they would not be cowed by death threats that dozens of them received over a bill that will require people to show proof of vaccination to go to a restaurant or cinema or take the train.
The new law, which would remove the option of showing a negative test result instead of having the jabs, has the backing of most parties and is almost certain to be passed by the lower house in a vote late on Monday or early Tuesday.
But the proposed tightening of the rules has caused an upsurge of anger among anti-vaxxers, with some lawmakers saying they have been subject to aggression including vandalism of property and violent threats.
"We will not yield," lawmaker Yael Braun-Pivet told parliament, referring to death threats which she said lawmakers of all political stripes had received. "It's our democracy that is at stake."
The vaccine pass is aimed at saving lives, Health Minister Oliver Veran said, lambasting the "selfishness" of those who oppose immunisations and saying that death threats against lawmakers will not go unpunished.
Last week, the garage of a ruling party lawmaker was set on fire, betagan yeux with graffiti by suspected anti-vaccination protesters scrawled on an adjacent wall.
Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin has said police will strengthen protections for lawmakers after several, including Barbara Bessot Ballot, of ruling party La Republique en Marche, also went public with death threats.
Bessot Ballot said 52 lawmakers had received messages threatening to kill them for "attacking our freedom", adding on Twitter: "Those death threats are unacceptable."
France has traditionally had more vaccine sceptics than many of its neighbours, but has one of the EU's highest COVID-19 vaccination rates, at nearly 90% of those aged 12 and over.
For months, people have had to show either proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test at many public venues.
But as infections with the Delta and Omicron variants surge, the government has decided to drop the negative test option.
It aims for the vaccine pass to enter into force in mid-January following approval by both houses of parliament.
A protest will be held in front of parliament at 5 p.m., as the debate takes place inside.
France saw large crowds rally against the health pass when it was introduced in the summer, but attendance at the weekend rallies dwindled as acceptance of the vaccine rose.
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Q: How to solve the ODE $2x\frac{dy}{dx}=C(1+(\frac{dy}{dx})^2)^2$? I am struggling with this ODE I obtained when solving the Euler-Lagrange equation.
Can any one help me with solving the ODE
$$2x\frac{dy}{dx}=C(1+(\frac{dy}{dx})^2)^2$$
Thanks so much!
It comes from the Euler-Lagrange equation of the following problem.


text:
By Karla Scoon Reid — May 10, 2001 6 min read
The digital divide, in its simplest definition, is a matter of dollars and cents: The less money you have, the less likely you are to own or use a computer. space delete xx That fact helps explain why African American, Hispanic, and American Indian students—many of whom come from families with limited means—tend to have less access to computers, and to use them in less sophisticated ways, than their white classmates.
But money doesn't tell the whole story, many researchers and educators believe.
Even when income is taken into account, white students are still more likely than their black peers to have a computer at home, according to a 1998 study conducted by two Vanderbilt University researchers. And of the white students who didn't have a computer at home, 38 percent had used the Internet at some other location within the past six months, compared with just 16 percent of black students who lacked a home computer, the study found.
Another study, released last year, found that although computer access at school was improving for some racial and ethnic groups, African-American and Hispanic students don't log on to the Internet as often as their white classmates. Only 15 percent of the African-American students who were studied, and just 12 percent of the Hispanic students, used the Internet at all, compared with 21 percent of white students.
"There's a racial line and not just a class line" in technology use, says Princeton University professor Alan B. Krueger, who conducted the study.
Those findings suggest that race and ethnicity matter when it comes to the technology gap, and that closing the digital divide is more complex than providing all students with computers.
"It's not simply a matter of getting people's hands on technology—in a sense, that's the easy part," says Laura Jeffers, a senior research associate for the Center for Children and Technology, located in New York City. "Context is critical. The environment, the expectations, and what people bring to [technology] play major roles in what access really means on the ground."
Digital Racism?
There's no clear reason for the racial and ethnic disparities, but some possible factors include discrimination, minority students' relative lack of exposure to computers, and a dearth of racially and ethnically diverse content on the Internet.
Herbert Kohl, the director of the Center for Teaching Excellence and Social Justice at the University of San Francisco, believes that "covert racism" limits what children of color are allowed to achieve using computers.
Kohl, who has visited classrooms in New York City, Chicago, Atlanta, and southern Texas in recent years, says students in schools with predominantly minority enrollments are more likely to use their state-of- the-art technology for drill, practice, and test-taking skills. Meanwhile, white students in more affluent communities are creating Web sites and multimedia presentations.
"The computers become nothing much more than trivial workbook and control mechanisms for kids" in the heavily minority schools, Kohl contends. "In other communities, they are instruments used toward the success and the futures of kids."
Edward L. Bouie, the executive director of information systems for the DeKalb County schools in Decatur, Ga., says he has seen the same phenomenon in his 96,000-student district.
"Technology is just another way to manifest attitudes that have existed for years about children and the type of instruction certain children receive, and the kind of courses certain children are allowed to take," Bouie says.
Bouie, who runs an after-school computer program for parents in DeKalb County, adds that teachers who are skilled at integrating technology into the curriculum usually work at schools in affluent communities, not those with high percentages of lower-income minority students.
At poorer schools with predominantly minority enrollments, technology often isn't a high priority, says James L. Smith, the chairman of the Minority Leadership Symposium for the International Society for Technology in Education, based in Eugene, Ore.
A National Center for Education Statistics study last year found that 45 percent of teachers in schools that served predominantly minority students used computers or the Internet for instruction during class, compared with 56 percent of their colleagues in schools with few minority students.
"It takes more time to put technology into a lesson," says Smith, a program specialist for the education technology department of the Olympia, Wash., schools. "Schools targeted for poor performance are dealing with other issues. Technology is last on the totem pole."
Wanted: Spanish-Speaking Teachers
Schools have a critical need for more minority and Spanish-speaking computer instructors to make minority students more comfortable using technology, adds Elsa E. Macias, the project director for information- technology research at the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute, a Claremont, Calif.-based think tank that studies Latino issues.
"Culturally, who are you going to turn to?" she says. "Someone who looks like me and speaks my language."
Once people understand the value of computers, they tend to seek out opportunities to log on, says Anthony G. Wilhelm, the director of the communications and policy program at the Washington-based Benton Foundation, which advocates ways to close the digital divide.
But gaining that understanding is difficult, he says, if people have little experience with computers. That situation will change as they are exposed to family members, neighbors, classmates, and co-workers who are using technology, Wilhelm says.
Community-based organizations and churches, which are prime gathering places for many blacks and Hispanics, need to tap into technology, says John Villamil, the vice president and chief information officer of aspira, a Washington-based national nonprofit organization devoted to the education and leadership development of Latino youths.
"We go where they are," says Villamil, who supervises aspira's 45 community technology centers nationwide. "It's a matter of building trust."
The growth of more content on the Internet that takes minorities' interests into account also will help, Wilhelm adds. "The Internet doesn't look like America, yet," he says.
Encouraging Signs
Villamil is encouraged that bilingual and Spanish-language Web sites are on the rise, but he says Hispanics can be turned off when word processing software rejects Spanish names as spelling errors. Some Hispanic parents with limited English skills, meanwhile, are reluctant to let their children use the Internet for fear of losing control over them, Macias adds.
Still, there are signs that technology is starting to take hold in minority communities. Market studies show significant increases in the purchase and use of computers by African-Americans and Hispanics as technology costs decline.
"African-Americans have proven time and again that they are willing to adopt new technology, but only at affordable price points," says Barry Cooper, the founder and chief executive officer of Black Voices, an online community designed for African-Americans.
And at the Milwaukee Education Center Accelerated Middle School, which serves 900 predominantly black and Hispanic students, computer teacher Marvin Bell says technology is motivating his students to learn and be creative. The students routinely develop PowerPoint research presentations; last year, they used computers to create a board game based on the Underground Railroad.
Bell, who runs a summer education program that lends students laptops, says his students' enthusiasm for computers is having a positive influence at home. He makes technology house calls to help students and their parents connect their computers or install software.
"More and more [parents] are grudgingly making the purchase," Bell says. " Throw in a couple of pairs of Michael Jordan [sneakers] and Coach bags, and you've bought yourself a computer. And it lasts longer, because children's feet are going to grow."
Karla Scoon Reid
Writer, Education Week
Karla Scoon Reid formerly wrote for Education Week.
A version of this article appeared in the May 10, 2001 edition of Education Week as Racial Disparities
From the Special Report
The New Divides
Education Across the Nation
Jessica L. Sandham, May 10, 2001
Education New Challenges
Lori Meyer, May 10, 2001
Education Student Survey Says:
Kathryn M. Doherty, May 10, 2001
Education Briefly Stated: January 19, 2022
Here's a look at some recent Education Week articles you may have missed.
Education School Bus Driver Retires After 48 Years Behind Wheel
Charles City school bus driver Betty Flick sat behind the wheel for the final time last week, wrapping up a 48-year career for the district.
Betty Flick quickly fell in love with the job and with the kids, which is what has had her stay in the district for this long.
Courtesy of Abby Koch/Globe Gazette
Education Briefly Stated: December 1, 2021
Education Briefly Stated: November 17, 2021


Home Posts Tagged "Huffington Post"
But this was hardly the first notable guy to be caught with his pants down. From Bill Clinton to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the list of powerful, married men guilty of illicit love affairs is only going to get longer, says Rob Weiss, LCSW, director of intimacy and sexual disorders for Elements Behavioral Health.
Also this month, my articles "Yes, We Can Reduce Incidence of Suicide" and "Acute Stress and PTSD: Sandy's Longest-Lasting Devastation" were published in the Huffington Post.


Dinos Boys are at Dino's tomorrow while we also get a taste of our hibernating Belcourt with this month's Peripheral Visions at Third Man. Also at Third Man Wednesday night is the album release party for Margo Price. Meanwhile High Functioning Flesh and Body of Light are at Foobar and Atlantic Thrills and Wiggy Wez are at Betty's. There's an Aries bash with a tonna younger bands at Queen Ave on Friday, and then Saturday is yourn classic behemoth Record Store Day. WOW so many bands. Who you gonna see? You even gonna go? Lotta people man. Loooooootta people. Hey but HeCTA, Lavender Country, Promised Land Sound, Savoy Motel, Sun Seeker, Ranch Ghost, Ornament, Teddy and the Rough Riders, and many more are playing around town for free. That night, Twins and Prostitutes play at Betty's and Western Meds have their album release at Queen Ave. FINALLY, Sunday brings New England Patriots and Gnarwhal to Drkmttr and Audacity to the End. Phew, is that enough shows for ya? No? S'not? OK, Montgomery Bell Academy's Endada and University School of Nashville's Zeitgeist festivals are on Saturday and Sunday respectively, but you'll have to find out about those in the cafeteria or something cos there is ZERO info about them online! Viva la handbill!


You could easily be forgiven for mistaking the Nova Oatmeal for a pale gold or soft peach, such is the pretty, gentle shimmer that it gives off. Whether you call it gold, peach, or beige, this curtain is the perfect window covering for the luxury home. The Oatmeal will sit beautifully against dark and medium browns, as well as deep greens or rich purples. Hang it in the master bedroom or living room to give your home a feeling of deluxe grandeur.


"The Flame Pearls Pt.4: The Amazons" is the 17th Mandrake Sunday story. The story was written by Lee Falk and drawn by Phil Davis.
Mandrake is on a scientific expedition to the South Pacific, looking for flame colored pearls. Mandrake and Colonel Barton goes ashore Amoz island, and in the island village thy behold a strange sight. They see man at work, men doing the traditional task's of women: cooking, washing clothes, sweeping out the huts, feeding the children.
The queen of the amazons fell in love with Mandrake and would take him as the new king, but first she had to get rid of her current husband. The King, Mandrake and Colonel Barton managed to escape the amazones. Mandrake hypnotized the King to tell the queen that from now on, the King will wear the pants in the family. The men won the revolt, and for a short time the male parade their new power. But the revolt of the males ends as quickly as it started. "As a leopard cannot change its spots", remarks Mandrake, "So an amazon will always be an amazon".


Lophelia is a globally distributed coral but so far microbiological studies have been limited to a few places in the Atlantic: Norwegian fjords, the Mediterranean Sea, Rockall Bank (northwest of the United Kingdom) and the Gulf of Mexico. These studies have shown that there is variability in the Lophelia-associated bacterial communities; variation exists between coral's colour morphs (red/orange versus white), and both within and between sampling locations. This diversity may be due to diet or other environmental factors.
However, underlying the spatial variability observed, there are Lophelia-specific bacterial symbionts. Identical sequences for two bacterial types have been found associated with corals sampled in both the Gulf of Mexico and a Norwegian fjord. We don't know what these bacterial groups do for the coral (or vice versa), but there must be a significant reason for them to be conserved across the Atlantic ocean basin. Loss of these symbionts may be a sign of stress.
Bacterial groups associated with Lophelia include some types commonly found on shallow-water corals. There are also psychrophiles, "cold-loving" bacteria that are usually found in polar waters.


I have a team and I believe that teamwork is fundamental to success in any sport.
We have a team and our team has a system, a program for developing skill sets for horse and rider. We practice correct aids and communication with our horses.
Without a basic system of understanding between horse and human, it is difficult to achieve a harmonious progression in Dressage.
I'm fortunate to be able to work with Chris Brand and reinforce the material presented in the bi-monthly clinics. It's my job to keep the lesson program consistent and clients true to their journey between Chris's regular training sessions.
We are taking new clients in at this time. We work with jump riders to improve their skills over fences too. Call Kim Cox 403-968-5455.
I'm working with riders and horse out of Black Whiskey Ranch, Priddis Alberta. Don't let the western lilt of the barn name fool you, or the fact that the resident clinician is hailed as one of the countries greatest hunter/jumper men and horse trainers. We at Black whiskey, are developing a consistent system of training horses and riders from Walk/trot through training Grand Prix level movements.
Chris Brand gives regular clinics. every two weeks, and I keep the lesson program moving forward with consistency, reinforcing the basics. This builds on the success of the regular clinics with Chris.


These could be from a nice patisserie in France, they are crispy and delicious but more importantly take less than 10 minutes to put together and 20 to bake.
Cute the puff pastry in 6 triangles and place on a baking sheet. Spoon some of the apple sauce on each and place the sliced apples on top.
Beat the egg and brush the borders of the pastry so they'll come out nice golden baron and crisp.
Sprinkle some of the sugar all over and bake for 20-25 minutes.
Serve with vanilla ice cream, greek yogurt or whipped cream!!