I've got mine, and that's all I care about.
My wife doesn't understand how come I get upset. What's happening in the United States really bothers me. I don't care if unemployment is low, and the stock market is high. They don't matter, we are destroying our future. I'll use the Republic of Nauru as an example.
*Nauru (pronounced NAH-roo) is the world's smallest and most isolated republic. The island has an area of eight square miles, about a third the size of Manhattan, and it is so remote that the nearest island of any size is hundreds of miles away. But Nauru generates wealth that might make a few oil-rich potentates envious.
*Thanks in part to what was left behind by the sea birds that have sought refuge here over hundreds of thousands of years, this island's 7,500 people are among the richest in the world, at least on paper, because of phosphate mines that bring in tens of millions of dollars a year.
*The phosphate, the product of fossilized bird guano and a primeval stew of marine microorganisms, is exported as fertilizer, most of it to Australia, Nauru's former ruler.
*Inch for inch, Nauru is the most environmentally ravaged nation on earth. So much of the island has been devoured by strip-mining begun 90 years ago that Nauruans face the prospect that they may have to abandon their bleak, depleted home.
This is what we're doing to ourselves. We're being short sighted. We're treating or allies badly. We're treating our neighbors like they're out to get us. We're borrowing, and spending so much money we're dooming our children and grandchildren to staggering deficits. We may make a few more dollars now. But we're destroying ourselves doing it. Prosperity now, desolation and hopelessness later.
Nobody seems to care. That's why I get upset.
I don't think this is the right place for my stories. Facebook isn't either. I get these ideas and I need to write them out. It all started when I got my first iPad. It's my favorite way to write. I wrote two, over 400 page books using an iPad. If you're interested in writing I'd try using one. Get Windows for iPad, it'll make editing easier in the future.
Anyway, I'm proud of the short stories I write, but nobody much reads them. I think I'm going to collect them and put them in a book. I'll write a few more too. Maybe someday when I'm dead and gone someone will enjoy reading them as much as I enjoyed writing them. That's the worst think about writing. You can't make anybody read what you wrote.
Why bother putting your thoughts into words when nobody reads them? I'm not special. I don't have any magical insight into life. But I know one thing. Life is rich, and life is full of life.
As I was watering the container plants this morning I noticed a small black beetle walking across the concrete driveway. It scurried out in the open in what to us would have been an area larger than a dozen football fields. Noticeably alive as it moved on the flat gray surface.
This is the only place in the universe this could happen. No other planet has anything living that we know. Yet here we have life on life. We have so much life we call them pests and kill them by the millions. A minuscule insect, or rodent that on any other planet would be heralded as a miracle, here we destroy with impunity.
Life is more than breathing and procreation. At least for we humans. Life is our chance to live. To grow, create beauty, search for truth and love. It's also fleeting. Bordered on each end by inability, and only cherished when its time grows short. But why bother? A dog has a more grounded feeling for life than we do. It does what it does. What a dog always does. We drift around like a ship lost at sea. Though we're the only creature that can actually steer our own course.
My youngest recollection of the Fourth of July was when I was a small boy in Cottonwood, Idaho. It was just my older brother Joe and I then. My sisters Lori and Lisa were just babies and not old enough for fireworks. The only fireworks I remember from that time were Sparklers, Snakes and Whistling Pete's. Dad lit the Snakes and Whistling Pete's while it was still light, but saved the Sparklers until it was dark.
When it was dark enough. Or, Dad couldn't stand us asking, is it dark enough yet one more time, he gave Joe and I each a sparkler. He lit mine with a match and told Joe to touch his to mine. Now, I could be wrong because I was probably less than four years old, but once his sparkler lit Joe dropped it because he was scared.
Dad wasn't happy, and probably said something totally inappropriate, like calling him a baby. It was different times then. Self esteem must not have been invented. It didn't take Joe long to catch on though, and he and I were soon waving the sparklers through the air making designs until they burned out.
That was pretty much it. "Is that all?" I asked Dad. I'd seen pictures of fireworks in books and knew there was more to the Fourth of July than a few Sparklers.
"Sure. Do you want to watch the show too, Joe?" I think Joe nodded.
I headed to our Chevrolet Corvair Station Wagon. You know, the car Ralph Nader said was unsafe at any speed.
"Where are you going?" Dad asked.
"Really?" I was picturing some massive fireworks because Grangeville was a long way from Cottonwood.
Hold on a sec. I'll Google it. It's 15.4 miles. Anyway, I think Dad gave us each a bowl of popcorn and a plastic glass of water with an ice cube in it. He walked us out to the curb and pointed toward the grain elevators off in the distance. "You keep your eyes on that spot and you'll see them." He nodded and walked back to the house.
It would be hard to describe how small fireworks look from 15.4 miles away. Joe and I ate our popcorn, drank the ice water and walked back into the house. Now you know the story of the first Fourth of July I remember.
Wind howls, and rain splatters against Hedwig van Sweiten's bedroom window. She finishes braiding her long blond hair, and peers out into the stormy night. These are strange days. She walks back to her bed. The storm came up fast, too fast. It isn't natural. Rain pours down so hard she can't see any of the houses around her. She may as well be on some desolate sea coast rather than bustling 1743 Vienna.
Glass cracks and wood splinters, light from her lamp shudders against the wall. Hedy spins. The window is a jagged hole, and a huge wolf with glowing red eyes bounds toward her. Her hand flashes up and blocks it's advance, she twirls and kicks it off to the side. The wolf slams into the wall and springs back. Hedy lands a blow against the side of its fanged head and knocks it to the ground. It's stunned, but quickly springs to its feet and stares at her.
Hedy glares back. "Look, I'm done messing with you. Leave now and I won't call my dogs." She stares at the wolf with steady blue eyes. The giant wolf peers back with his glowing red ones. Its brows twitch and it explodes off the floor leaping for Hedy's face. She catches it by the throat. "You asked for it." She heaves the wolf back against the wall.
"Donner, Blitz." Nails clatter against wood, and two miniature dachshunds run into the room. One is red with a white lightning shaped slash on it's chest. The other, black and tan. Both come to her side. Her hand makes a sweeping gesture. "Get him out of here." Donner and Blitz touch noses, their eyes glow blue, and they advance toward the giant beast.
The wolf seems unsure of the little dogs. They're obviously over matched, but they're fearless. Hedy sees it lick it's lips. She turns her back, walks to her wardrobe and opens one of its doors. You, Mr. Wolf, are in for a surprise.
The little dogs walk forward, their gleaming blue eyes locked on the wolf's red glowing ones. The wolf springs. Lightning arcs from Blitz's jaws and the wolf lands against the wall with a thud. Hedy smells singed fur and smiles. Donner and Blitz move closer herding the confused giant toward the demolished window. The wolf backs away until it's tail and haunches are sticking out the side of the building.
"Frein, daughter of a Baron, van Sweiten. Are you alright?" calls Sister Adelbert, a Benedictine Nun and Hedwig's quasi chaperone through the gap in the door.
"I'm fine Sister," Hedy answers, pulling on a blue ankle length dress with a white bodice. "There's a giant wolf in here so don't come in, Donner and Blitz are just getting rid of it." She turns back to the wolf. "This is your last chance dog. Disappear now, or we'll hunt you down and hand you back to Satan as a pelt." The wolf's eyes slowly shift from Hedy, to Donner, Blitz, and back again. Hedy raises an eyebrow and shakes her head but the wolf lunges at the two little dogs.
Blitz opens his mouth to bark. Lightning shoots from his jaws and the smell of ozone fills the air. Donner's mouth opens and the roar of thunder hits the cursed cur like a solid wall of sound. It launches the astonished beast through the window's opening and over the walls of the enclosed courtyard into the dark city.
"You can come in now Sister," calls Hedy. "The wolf's gone. Good boys," she leans down and pets the dachshunds. Sister Adelbert enters dressed in her robe and tight fitting night cap.
"My goodness Frien van Sweiten, we've got to get this window blocked. All this rain will ruin your beautiful home." She drags the heavy curtains across the opening and tries to keep them from billowing inward.
Hedy turns from her dressing table. "I expect the storm will calm now Sister. I think it was all for effect." As Hedy speaks the curtains slowly stop billowing, the sound of the rain quiets. Sister pulls the heavy wool fabric to the side and peers through the gap.
She nods her head. "Oh, I'm pretty certain of it Sister." She sits and puts on a pair of ankle high black boots.
The nun bends and strokes the dogs. "You be safe my little puppies." Donner and Blitz whimper softly and lick her fingers.
Hedy fastens her last boot, gathers a brown cloth bag, throws a blue hooded cloak over her shoulders and fastens it around her neck. "Come on boy's. I want to catch that beast before he does anymore damage." The little dachshunds walk away from the nun and heel at Hedy's side.
Hedy hands her the candle, opens the door and steps out into the night.
"Thank you, Sister. I promise we'll be careful." Hedy glances down at her dachshunds. "Ok boys, find that wolf." The little dogs sniff the air, touch noses and run toward the courtyard's open gate. Hedy pulls up the hood of her cloak and follows.
The downpour that foretold the wolf has slowed to a drizzle, and the wind calmed. Clouds race across the sky leaving gaps beams of moonlight burst through. Around her the city is quiet, and her mind wanders.
The angels are busy tonight. Angels swoop in like giant birds through the ocean of clouds. They perch on rooftops, and watch through windows as their charges sleep. Some soar skyward calmly guiding the newly deceased to their final judgement. While others, more or less drag souls to a reckoning with God that will surely lead to eternal damnation. Realizing to late they've wasted their lives.
To most fräulein, this would seem impossible. But to me it's normal. Hedy thinks. It's all I've ever known. How many 18 year old girls talk to God? Well, I guess anyone can talk to You, but how many do You answer back? She takes a few steps. And how many have a relic they wear around their neck that lets them see angels, or allows them to channel Your limitless power? It all started the day I was born with my Mother's choice. Well, I guess I got to choose too. She sighs, and looks again at the cloudy sky and the angels watching over humanity. I'm definitely not a saint. . . I'm just the girl You chose to save the human race.
The howl of a wolf echos in the darkness. Donner and Blitz start to run. Here I go again. Hedy races after the dachshunds past the House Under the Blue Bottle, her favorite coffee house. She runs through Vienna's shadowy, narrow, rain soaked streets until the buildings around her open up into a large square. At it's end, Saint Stephan's Cathedral, it's patterned roof, and huge jutting South spire hi-lighted in shifting moonbeams.
"Then you'll just have to stop me." Lucifer twists his hand and Sister groans.
Hedy raises her arm. In the past she's been able to direct waves of power and light to destroy evil, now there is nothing. She's helpless. She looks down at Donner and Blitz, they're as unmoving as statues. Sister vomits, her body convulses. God? Hedy asks silently, no reply.
"I can do more," Lucifer threatens. Focusing his cold black eyes on Hedy.
"No." Hedy shakes her head. "No more, but I can't give you the relic. Me. Take me in Sister's place. I beg you." She drops to her knees on the wet stones and looks at him imploringly.
Lucifer walks to her and unties her cloak. "Then I'll just take it myself." He reaches toward it's chain and a spark leaps to his fingers. He jerks away and Hedy slowly raises her eyes.
"There's nothing wrong with my eyes." She looks up to the Heavens, I just got the answer I was waiting for." Hedy jumps to her feet and twitches her index finger. Lucifer flys across the square. The demon wolf leaps, but Donner and Blitz open their mouths and attack with lightning and thunder. The wolf falls to the ground in a smoking a heap. Lucifer jumps to his feet, turns to Sister and twists his hand. The Nun screams. Hedy lifts her arm, and a dark chasm opens at Satan's feet.
"You! How can you do this?" screams the Prince of Darkness.
The scowl on Lucifer's face is fierce. "This isn't the end!" he screams as he vanishes into the void.
*Pfarrer Schaaf- A Benedictine priest who's also Hedy's tutor and mentor.
Emma woke from her nap into the silence that was her everyday life. She could see the dogs leap from their perches and run outside barking. Sometimes she followed, sometimes she just lay back down. She didn't know their names, just their smells. But that was fine. She was content.
It hadn't always been this way. In the beginning there was sound, and there was Vic and Sarah. They told her she was a good girl, and called fetch when they threw her ball. She loved to stand on Vic's lap in the car. He rolled down the window on sunny days, she stuck her head out and let her ears flap in the wind. Smelling the world as Vic drove through it.
"Careful not to fall out," he'd say, and brace her body with his arm. Vic would never let that happen, she trusted him. He was so big. A giant. So was Sarah, but they were gentle, and she knew they would never hurt her.
Emma knew something was different when they stopped taking her for walks. They looked tired, and Sarah quit sitting in her chair. She stayed in bed, and Vic cooked for her, and helped her walk to the bathroom. Emma knew she must stay out of the way, that Sarah could fall. So she did.
Sometimes, she would stand against Sarah's bed and she would lift her so they could lay together. Or, she'd jump into Vic's lap as he watched television. But it wasn't the same.
One day Vic lifted her onto Sarah's bed. Emma looked up into her face, it was different, and Sarah started crying. When she hugged her, her arms felt thin and weak. Emma tried to lick away her tears, but they just came faster. That was the last time she saw her. There were days after that, that strangers came to feed her. She was lonely.
It must have happened slowly. Emma didn't notice at first. Her world was so small, the yard, her bed, sometimes Vic's lap. He never drove the car anymore, and she never felt the wind in her face. Then one day everything was silent. It took Vic a while to realize. She saw his lips move and he lifted her into his arms and hugged and kissed her. After that it was gentle nudges if he wanted her to do something. But that was ok. She was just happy to be with him.
One day Vic opened the door to a lady. Emma picked up her ball and dropped it in front of her. The lady smiled and tossed it. She did this a few times and stroked her fur. Emma liked her. She came everyday and would toss the ball. One day she stayed. Men came with a bed, they moved Vic and Sarah's chairs and put him into it. The lady let Emma sit with her. Sometimes, she'd let her lay with Vic, but all he did was sleep.
One day the lady had tears in her eyes. She hugged Emma, set her on Vic's chest and stroked her. He felt funny. The lady cried, and Emma blinked. Men filled the room and Vic and the bed were gone. There was only the lady and her. Emma stayed with the lady a while, but it was different. Then the lady took her to another place. She hugged Emma, cried, and walked away.
Emma wasn't scared, but she didn't know anybody. There were other dogs. She learned their smells and slept on a blanket in a wire cage. After many days the cage was opened. She was carried to a grassy yard, there was a man and a lady, and another dog. Emma sniffed them, they petted her, and they threw the ball. They petted her some more, and the new lady lifted her up and hugged her and took her away. She let her sit on her lap as the man drove, but he didn't roll down the window.
That was the last move she made. Emma could watch the dogs as they jumped off their perches and ran to bark in the backyard. She was tired most of the time. Her stomach hurt, and she couldn't see like she used to. Emma still liked to go for rides, and the man let her stick her head out the window. She felt his arm brace her so she didn't go too far. Her ears flapped in the wind, and she smelled the world as the man drove through it.
Emma walked through the doggy door into the backyard. She dreaded going to the bathroom. It was so painful, it made her shake, sometimes she vomited.
Emma jumped. She hadn't heard a voice in years. There was no one around her, and her nose told her there was nobody there. Uncertainty filled her as she walked back into the house and burrowed under the blankets. Food didn't taste good anymore, and the lady took her to a building that smelled funny. Another lady poked her. Emma shivered, and watched the strange lady's lips move. Her lady started to cry.
Even special food didn't taste good, and going to the bathroom was painful. Emma heard the voices almost every time she went out to the backyard. There were three of them. They told her things would be ok. They told her they were waiting for her. The rest of the time Emma's world was silent, and it grew smaller. Her bed, the water bowl and a few steps outside the doggy door.
Emma couldn't get up. She wanted to, but her legs were too weak. The man petted her and cried. He left and came back with the lady. She cried too. Emma blinked as the world went by. She was in the car, but she couldn't poke her head outside. The lady hugged her and stroked her fur. Then she was in the funny smelling building again. As she lay on a metal table, Emma heard the lady and man's voices for the first time.
"We love you Emma," they said. "Thank you for being such a good dog." They patted her side.
Emma lifted her head and felt something poke her.
"Not really, but I've heard your voices." Emma looked around and noticed she was in the backyard. She saw the dogs from the house explode out the doggy door and bark at the fence.
"The other dogs?" Emma repeated.
They all nodded. "All dogs that are loved never go away. We just wait for our people to come and get us." All three dachshunds turned to the gate.
Emma jumped to her feet and ran barking as Vic and Sarah walked into the backyard. She jumped into Vic's arms, and he hugged and kissed her while Sarah stroked her fur.


One of the most important things to ensure when taking on a locum GP for the first time is that they have all the correct documents and are fully licensed to practice as a GP.
We carry out four document checks and two database checks on every single GP who signs up with us.
Medical Indemnity: This must be in date and show the sessions they are insured for when they upload it, and we send automated reminders to any GP whose indemnity is about to run out to upload their new indemnity.
Presence on the GP register and licensed to practice on the GMC register.
Registered as a GP on the National Performers List.
If the GP has a non-EU passport we also do a right to work check through our partner Onfido.
We also carry out quarterly audits on all Lantum approved GPs on the GMC database and National Performers List, to ensure that our records are up to date.
If the GP passes all of these standards, they are then approved. Once approved, they able to make applications to the jobs you post or contact you about them, so you can rest assured that any GP you are in contact with on the website has passed above criteria.
If you require more documents from the GPs, please contact our Customer Support team as below.


Office space are important for any business but finding the perfect office space for your business can be really hard for anyone. When looking for the perfect office space, it is advisable for you to ensure that you find an office space that has enough space and all your employees will be comfortable working there. In order to save yourself time and always finding a new office every time make sure that you find an office space that is located In a place that people will not have a hard time getting there. Some of the things that you should think about when choosing an office space is the growth of your business, therefore, choose a space that is expandable as this is important because you might not know if you will need more employees in future. Points that will help you in finding the perfect offices space are mentioned in this article.
Make sure that when you are selecting an office space, you choose one that will be enough for all your business activities. In order to make things easier for you make sure that you write-down a list of factors that you should look for in an office. It is important for you to choose an office that you can be able to afford without straining your business financially. Many businesses have gone broke for choosing expensive offices which led them to using all the profits that the business has made in paying rent. That is why people are encouraged to budget thoroughly so that they can be able to know their finances well and which offices they can be able to afford without going broke. The success of your business will be mainly see page determined by how much you will be parting ways with every time you pay your rent. It is advisable for you to check the services that the building offers their office space rental melbourne clients, for example, you will find that some businesses offer free internet and free cleaning up of the offices which is a good thing because you will not spend any money when used comes too this type of amenities. Security is one of the most important factors that should not be ignored, and that is why people are insured to choose buildings that are quite strict when it comes to this issue, and they have invested in ensuring that security is there. Security in an office is usually see options important because for every business someone invests in buying really expensive equipment, and it can be quite unfortunate if they end up losing them because eventually you will cheapest virtual office melbourne be forced to buy other in order for your business to run successfully.


text:
Mark Gonnerman, editor. A Sense of the Whole: Reading Gary Snyder's Mountains and Rivers Without End. Berkeley: Counterpoint Press, 2015.
Gary Snyder once introduced a reading with reference to whitewater rapids, saying most of his writing is like a Class III run where you will do just fine on your own, but that Mountains and Rivers Without End is more like Class V: if you're going to make it to take-out, you might need a guide. As a collection of commentaries and background readings, this companion volume enhances each reader's ability to find their way into this adventurous and engaging work of art.
In 1997, I organized a yearlong research workshop on Mountains and Rivers Without End at the Stanford Humanities Center. Members of what came to be known as the Mountains & Rivers Workshop met regularly to read and discuss Snyder's epic poem. Here the poem served as a commons that turned the multiversity into a university once again.
The Workshop invited writers, teachers and scholars from North America and Japan to speak on various aspects of Snyder's great accomplishment. This book captures the excitement of these gatherings and invites readers to enter the poem through essays and talks by David Abram, Wendell Berry, Carl Bielefeldt, Tim Dean, Jim Dodge, Robert Hass, Stephanie Kaza, Julia Martin, Michael McClure, Nanao Sakaki, and Katsunori Yamazato. It includes an interview with Gary Snyder, appendices, and other resources for further study.
See Bristle Cone Pine, the cover painting by Kazuaki Tanahashi.
A Sense of the Whole is published by Counterpoint Press in Berkeley, California.
Mark Gonnerman was educated at St. Olaf College, Harvard Divinity School, and Stanford University, where he was a Lieberman Fellow. He shares householder life with Meri Mitsuyoshi in San José, California.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bea can't go right now.
Let's hope Jim can do better this time.
Celeste is the one who usually does this.
Brandon realized he had made a mistake.
I'd like to speak to Mario Jackson.
Shadow is planning to meet his friends at the local pub.
I wanted to see if you'd heard anything about Samuel.
Do you know Floyd's real name?
Jianyun is afraid of spiders.
Russell shrugged the sense of foreboding away.
Theodore's house is at least three times as large as mine.
Heinrich looks a little bit like my father.
Kelvin had nothing to say.
I love you, too, Gill.
Did Kate talk to you about Mohammad?
Sandy had an altercation with a woman who tried to take his parking space.
Please tell Nicolas I'm sorry that happened.
At least Shankar is honest.
Mohammad didn't exactly say yes.
Judy got up to greet me.
Liz's anger blazed out suddenly.
Sundar lives in a bad part of town.
What were you guys doing while Anatoly was chopping wood?
Anatoly reached over and opened the glove compartment.
Joseph must've forgotten his key.


3.1 How do I put in cheats in my emulator?
3.2 Help me with my pokedex please?
3.3 How can I find GBA cheat in exp boost?
3.4 I just wanted to get Deoxys in my desmume, but I was confused because I downloaded Gameshark and don't know how to use it?
3.5 At what level should I evolve my Pikachu to a Raichu?
3.6 It doesn't work, and I don't know what I did wrong or how to fix it?
3.7 How do I get my alphabet / numbers screen to fill up so I can put my cheat codes in?
3.8 Making the cheat folder and enabling the cheats themself?
There are a lot of cheats out there, and this article will contain some examples. Some of the codes you find online will not work, so keep trying until you find something that does work. One good place to get Gameshark cheat codes for GBA emulators is at this link: .
Copy and paste the codes into a document and label each code so that you know what each code does. This will make it easier to remember which code you are using once you start cheating.
Go to the CHEATS section in your GBA emulator. Then, copy and paste the codes you want one at a time.
Most GBA emulators have the option to turn individual cheats on or off. Make sure your cheat code is activated, and you're good to go!
Always remember to enable the master code before entering cheat codes. If you don't, your cheat codes may not work, or your game might crash.
Find the right code for your cheat program and emulator.
How do I put in cheats in my emulator?
Select from either GameShark or codebreaker and enter your codes. When finished, click OK.
Help me with my pokedex please?
How can I find GBA cheat in exp boost?
Start holding ab when foe faints.
I just wanted to get Deoxys in my desmume, but I was confused because I downloaded Gameshark and don't know how to use it?
At what level should I evolve my Pikachu to a Raichu?
Evolve it whenever you want. I suggest that you wait until it learns all the moves that you want it to because after it evolves into Raichu, it won't learn any new moves by leveling up. Depending on what game you have, you should be able to find the most powerful move it learns in that game and what level it learns it on Bulbapedia. For example, the most powerful move it learns in Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire is Thunder, which it learns at level 58.
It doesn't work, and I don't know what I did wrong or how to fix it?
So, I'm currently playing a different than the normal version of Pokemon Emerald. What changed is that the Pokemon is a lohan Pokemon instead of normal Pokemon. I don't think this affects anything, but I'm just going to throw it in here. Anyways, I entered the master code, and then copied and pasted the salamance code in. I'm sure it's Emerald, but it doesn't work. Can anyone help me, please? By the way, I also tried a lot of other cheats, but none of them seems to work. I'm using a GBA. I've done all I can. I followed the video, but it still doesn't work. I have tried: Everything, searching on Google, YouTube and stuff like that. Already tried the same method and a few other methods a few times, I'm positive I didn't do it wrong. I think it was caused by: I really don't know. That's why I'm asking -.- Please answer I really want to beat this game that I've been stuck on for about a month.
How do I get my alphabet / numbers screen to fill up so I can put my cheat codes in?
Making the cheat folder and enabling the cheats themself?
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 453,097 times.


text:
Avastrovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Astroviridae. Birds serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: gastroenteritis, liver or kidney damages.

Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species:
 Avastrovirus 1
 Avastrovirus 2
 Avastrovirus 3

Structure
Viruses in Avastrovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 35 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 6.8-7kb in length.

Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using an unknown model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting. Birds serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.

References

External links
 Viralzone: Avastrovirus
 ICTV

Astroviridae
Virus genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Eclipse 4diac (www.fordiac.org) provides an open source PLC implementation (tool and runtime) for the IEC 61499 standard.
over the last ten years we are working on implementing on open source solution for networked PLCs utilizing the IEC 61499 standard with the Eclipse 4diac open source project (www.fordiac.org). We just did a new release last week and I thought this could be interesting for this community.
4diac already runs not only on RaspberryPI or BeagleBone Black but also on real PLCs like PLCs from Wago, Bachmann Electronic, MicroControl, Bosch Rexroth. We are working on getting it onto more hardware. If you think you have hardware 4diac is suited for please let me/us know.
As open source project we heavily rely on the feedback of our users. So if you give 4diac a try I would be really happy to hear what you have to say about it. Either in here, in our forums, or if you like also privately to me.
I for one, would love to. But it looks like it would take me quite a while to even figure out how to do so.
How would I get a glimpse, without spending a week or two and possibly learning German?
I think you are referring to the 4 German you tube videos developed by the Vienna University of technology for their students. Unfortunately we haven't found time to sub-title them or do also different language versions of them.
But we provide a very detailed documentation and tutorials  in English. I hope this will get you started quite easily.


If you haven't tried a pair of Smartwool socks, you're missing out. These high quality wool socks have many benefits that will keep you coming back for more! Not only will they keep you warmer than a traditional cotton sock, but they also reduce the amount of moisture within your sock and are naturally anti-microbial, reducing that stinky sock odor.


This tooth was cracking and had been repaired with resin fillings for 15 years. Eventually there was no option but to try and support the tooth with a full crown as it was cracking and about to split in half.
I was worried about the colour and also the shape. The CEREC allowed me to scan the original tooth and make the exact same shape in ceramic. the colour came down to some tinting and artwork!
Overall I was extremely pleased with the result, and the patient had a new strong tooth within one appointment!
Not all people want perfect even teeth. This patient of mine was concerned about the discolouration and poor longevity of the resin bondings that had been done on her front teeth. While is would be possible to do orthodontics and straighten these teeth, the patients chief concern was to keep her smile looking 'like me!' – that is, to maintain the crowded appearance which created character that she had had all her life.
The most conservative option was new resin bonding to replace the discoloured fillings, but the two smaller lateral incisors had more extensive damage. We opted for a veneer on one and a crown on the other. You can see by the following photo that a crown is a more aggressive approach (right) than a veneer (left). The bondings had been redone at this stage.
I think the final results have been fantastic – it is very difficult to match one tooth and often people get 6 or 8 front teeth done together to make an easier colour match. Although this was more difficult, it ended up with must less damage to the mouth overall.
I thought I would share it. Happy New Year!
This patient was a pleasure to treat. As you can see there was some crowding issues with the front 2 teeth and all the teeth were quite dark. We bleached the teeth using at home tray whitening for a couple of weeks, and match full porcelain Empress crowns cemented onto the front 2 teeth. The full porcelain allows the light through them just like natural teeth so the result is very aesthetic. Traditional porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFM's) tend to result in a more opaque 'non-vital' appearance.


"Above RFK Stadium, Frank Howard Washington Senators 1970 31x42" by LeRoy Neiman - Well Priced!
"Bird on a Limb 1992 8x10"
"Salon De Mai Poter 1965"
Plate Signed: Lower Right Plate Signed.
"Octahedron Bronze Sculpture 2010 24 in"
"Peace by the Year 2000 Unique 36x40"
"Race of the Year 1980"
"Snow White Unique 2010 18x14"


	We are not able to keep your luggage before check-in and out due to limit space here.
	Due to security reason, access to accommodation facility before check in and after check out is not allowed.
	Please use the terrace in front of the Café area if you need to meet up or gather up.
	Please inform us in advance if you would like to have breakfast at the hostel.
We might not able to serve without pre-order.
New opening in the area where the latest café and shops are. It is a great location which takes only 9 minutes from the Shinsaibashi station and 3 minutes from the Yotsuyabashi station. The hostel is within walking distance from popular food and shopping area.
We have a bar added to the hostel on the first floor. You can enjoy the atmosphere and time with other travellers from all over the world with great food and drinks.
It is a 12 minute walk from JR Namba Station.
It is a 12minute walk from JR Nanba Bus Stop.
It is a 9minute walk from Shinsaibashi Station.


Bitrix24 Update, Part II released: ability to add email recipients to Activity Stream posts.
It's easy to involve your clients and business partners in discussion.
Bitrix24 collaboration tools are more powerful than email.
The history of interactions is stored in your Bitrix24 account.
While all Bitrix24 users involved in the discussion will receive regular notifications, the external users invited by email will get an email message. The post content will be shown in the email message text.
The external recipients will actually see the full Activity Stream post content - post author, text. recipients, links, attachments. When email users click "Add Comment", they will be taken to a special secure web page that resembles Bitrix24 activity stream post, rather than your Bitrix24 account - this is done for security purposes. Here your clients, partners and other external users can add their comments to your discussion, send links, share files, etc. You will see these inside YOUR Bitrix24 account.
The external recipient will be notified about all new comments to this post by email. If the subject requires further discussion the external user can stay on the web page & have a real-time communication with you and your colleagues.
The shared Activity Stream post link is highly secured and is not indexed by search engine robots. This web page will automatically expired in 7 days or earlier, depending on which option your Bitrix24 account administrator has chosen.
Another scenario is when you are already in the middle of discussion in your Bitrix24 Activity Stream and need to invite a new external user to the post.
Now you can add new external users to the post at any level of discussion.
The user will get an email with your comment and will be able to access full post history in a new web page.
Bitrix24 is a place where everyone can communicate, collaborate on tasks and projects, manage clients and do much more.


News, news, news: May finished and June started with some great news about Route.
This month instead of creating new features, we decided to turn our feature set better! This month our product updates will be all about improving what we already offer.
I know, you're busy with you daily chores, but I'd really suggest you to spend a minute reading this post about all the news things we are offering.
We've made several updates in our website and FAQ/documentation.
We updated our FAQ/Help with new information about the latest product updates. We think it can help you use our features and enjoy Route at maximum.
If you didn't visited our Help page yet, click here and take a look.
There you'll find everything you can do with Route.
We are not an analytics tool, like Google Analytics or Mixpanel.
But, we know that tracking more broad behavior like, for example, visiting a specific page. Pageviews are important for marketing and sales automation because I'm sure there are some pages of your website you consider important and would like to take some action when someone visits it.
Here in Route we track pageviews for our Pricing and Integrations page. It show us who are more interested in learning more about Route and we can use this information to create automated campaigns.
Our Visual Mode now has a "Track Pageview" button, so you can track when someone visits a specific page you started tracking.
With this new event fired by your users, is easier to understand their behavior and prepare high-converting campaigns.
The pageview information can be used as a filter in searches, as a condition in automations and even as an information you use in the body of an email you create.
In our last news we spread the word about our Event Attributes feature. Now, you can attach to events their attributes when sending to Route data from Zapier and Pipedrive. If you use these services, we really recommend you to start using this feature. If you use these services, we really recommend you to start using this feature.
If you use our Pipedrive integration, event attributes will come automatically in your new Pipedrive events (since last week), like pipeline stage, deal status, deal value and much more.
And if you use Zapier, you'll find a new field in the 'Track Event' action, where you can send more info about the event you are trying to send Route from a trigger selected while creating your new Zap.
We are working on new features and improvements. But, when you access your account you'll see that we made available the v.1.0 of our dashboard.
We really want to build this dashboard user-driven, and I'd like to hear from you what kind of stats you'd like to see in this area.


Health Professionals are encouraged to send referrals to CNAP via the electronic system called Resource Management and Referral (RM&R). If RM&R is not accessible at your organization, then you can always call CNAP at 1-877-621-2077 & 416-217-2077 and speak to, or leave a message for, one of CNAP's Social Workers.
Referrals to CNAP require an explanation of the client's needs so that a CNAP Social Worker can suggest support services that match the client's needs. The CNAP Social Worker then makes connect directly with the client and completes an assessment to gather pertinent information, such as: demographic data (i.e., client's date of birth, address and postal code, alternate contact information), and details about the client's situation and health condition. To ensure privacy and confidentiality is maintained, CNAP's Social Worker's obtain consent from the client, substitute decision-maker, care provider, etc.
Resource Matching & Referrals (RMR) and voicemails concerning referrals are replied to within one business day. After completing a quick assessment of the client's needs, as well as determining the best target agency to provide supportive services, clients are notified that their target agency will contact them within two business days to arrange services. Thus, the referral process takes approximately three business days.
Does CNAP offer services in languages other than English?
When is it appropriate to send a referral to CNAP?
How long does it take for a referral to CNAP to be processed and for a client to start receiving care?
What happens if a client is referred to CNAP, but lives outside CNAP's service area?
How will the CNAP Social Worker complete a warm transfer?
How are clients matched to support service?


Distributor of tools and machinery. The company's tools and machinery distribution services are specialized in the field of tools and covers Estonia's sales network, providing active-consultative collaboration, after-sales maintenance and repair services to customers.
This information is reserved for PitchBook Platform users. To explore Satter's full profile, request access.


Spring 2005. Your's Truly, Still Going Strong.
Hopefully this is going to be the last page in the saga of my prostate. Win or lose I have had enough support to keep a battleship afloat. I cannot praise highly enough the Spanish health care system which discovered my problem, and then proceeded to do something about it. At all levels of the national health system, from floor sweepers and bar staff, to nurses and surgeons, I have been treated with courtesy, heart warming compassion, and care which cannot be faulted. I will remain forever grateful and deeply within their debt.
September 30th......2004 Final blood test today. I stopped taking all cancer related medication in May so by now all the chemical effects should be gone from the body and we should get a true picture of what is happening. It has been a long summer waiting for this day and I still have a little more time to wait for the results to get back to my doctor. Everyone is optimistic, including myself, that we will have a resounding ALL CLEAR.
October 7th 2004......Saw my GP today and he had the blood test results and I have a PSA number of 0.1, this is excellent he said but I have to see my oncologist next week and he is the expert. So far, so good. My GP was really pleased so I am really pleased too. Roll on next week and let's see The Man.
October 15th 2004......At the oncologist's this morning and a mixed bag of news. Not the all clear that I was expecting so in that sense it was a disappointing visit. It seems that I have vastly underestimated the time scale of everything. This PSA reading of 0.1 was in itself very encouraging but not definitive. I have to have another blood test in November, see my urologist in December and then a further blood test in February before returning to the oncologist. If the PSA figure stays below 1.5 then we are getting somewhere, but if it rises above that then I have to go back on the injections straight away and if it is really high then it's injections plus more chemo. So there we have it. A bit disappointing, as I said before, but at least everything is on the positive side at the moment. That's it then until November.
November 30th 2004......Had another blood test last week and the results were in this morning. The PSA figure has remained at 0.1 so that means the tide is racing even faster in my favour. I'm feeling pretty good on the whole and the few things I do have to complain about are probably due to advancing years more than anything else. I see my urologist on Friday of this week but that is just to report progress and to show the results of the last two blood tests. The next significant thing is another blood test in February and a meeting with the oncologist. It is at that meeting that I hope to get a much better idea of long term prospects. If anything important should come up at the meeting with the urologist this Friday then I will of course get the details down here.
December 2nd 2004......Felt I had to come back with the result of the meeting with the urologist this morning. He was very pleased with the blood results and doesn't want to see me again until I have finished with the oncologist and I don't see him again until late February or March of next year. Good news all round and I can see life getting back to almost normal in the not too distant future.
February 27th 2005......Blood test last Thursday and the results will be available this coming Thursday, the 3rd March. This test is the most important one so far as it is over nine months now since all treatment for cancer stopped and the effects of the previous chemicals should have worked their way out of my system. It feels as if they have because the side effects have stopped and I feel good. The point is my body is on it's own now, as far as the cancer is concerned, so if there has been a backward step then this blood test will show it.
March 3rd 2005......Blood test results great, just as good as it gets. Everything pointing to a perfectly normal healthy person, or at least as healthy as can be at my age. I see my oncologist at the University Cancer Hospital on the 11th of this month, next Friday, and I hope he will be as pleased as I am. Nice as the man is I would like not to see him again for at least another 6 months.
March 13th 2005......Bit of a let down on Friday at the hospital. Specialist was as pleased as I was with the blood test results but he was far from complacent. I have to have further blood tests every four months for the next year and then possibly every six months. It seems that if this thing comes back it may return on the gallop, so we have to keep a careful eye out.. I've had a couple of days to think about things since my visit and my initial disappointment has gone, as I once more realise how lucky I have been, and continue to be, with the level of care and attention I am receiving.
October 5th......2005 I bet you were wondering what had happened to me and my little saga, well, not too much to be honest. Blood tests through the summer with all being well. Saw my oncologist yesterday with the latest figures, PSA 0.16, every body happy all round. Next test in December and then back to see him again in January. Most of the bad effects have gone, although I still daren't be too far away from a loo for the first hour of every morning. Apart from that, as far as I can remember, I am more or less as I was nearly two years ago when all this started. Of course I am two years further down the line and at my age, 71 now, the years take their own toll more noticeably than they did when I was much younger. It's only a little toll though, so I'm not particularly bothered.
January 14th..........2006 Well that's another blood test out of the way and the results came today. The PSA has gone up from 0-16 to 0.55. Whether this is to be expected or not I don't know but I will be seeing the oncologist next Tuesday to see what he has to say. I will be reporting on what he has to say on Tuesday evening, all being well. I have seen the man and he doesn't seem too worried. In percentage terms 0.55 is a very big jump from 0.16 but the figure itself is good. To be wary though I have to have another blood test in three months instead of the usual four so that we can see what the rate of increase is then. If it continues along the same lines then I think I could be in trouble. Will have to wait and see.
April 13th ......2006 Latest blood test results came through today and the figure was quite good at 0.79. I could have wished that it was much nearer last time so showing a steadying off instead of this climb. Never mind. I see the oncologist next week so let's see what he has to say.
April 25th......2006 Saw my oncologist today with the blood test results and he isn't a happy bunny. Most disappointing he thought, the rise in PSA reading is far too regular for comfort. So, yet another blood test in July and if the trend continues then it's straight back on the injections and hope for the best. What can I say, it's not what I wanted to hear but I feel ok and am enjoying life, plus the years are ticking by, so it's fingers crossed time again and hope for the best.
October 28th ......2006 I have left off entering more details until I was sure of where I was going with all the testing and because I have been having great difficulty in walking. Scans have been carried out to see if the cancer had spread but that was ok. Blood circulation tests followed and that was also ok. Last week there was a densiometer scan to check on bone density, waiting for the results of that. Anyway I had the results of another blood test on the 11th July and that came in as .94, still climbing. The 14th of this month saw yet another test and I should have the results on Monday 30th. It's to be hoped that the result will still be less than 1.0 but I think not. All in all a fairly difficult last few months.
Saw my GP this evening and he had the results we have been waiting for. Not so good I'm afraid at 1.29. I'm seeing the oncologist on the 21st of November so I will have to wait and see what he has to say. I'll report back as soon as I can.
November 25th......2006 Saw the oncologist earlier this week and he wasn't too happy with my blood test results and would have started me straight back on HT (Hormone Treatment) except that as he told me the latest thinking is that it is best to let the PSA figure go up to 2.0 before taking action as the possibility exists that the increasing figure may level off before 2.0 is reached, thus avoiding further treatment. That's how I understand it anyway. Problem is that the figure is now doubling every eight months and that's not good. So, it's blood test time again in January then back to him in February. I feel like a mouse caught in one of those treadwheel things.
January 26th......2007 The news is not good I'm afraid.The PSA figure has gone over the 2.0 mark in one big jump so when I see the oncologist next month I'm sure he is going to tell me that the cancer has returned and that the free cancer cells are multiplying quite freely. Ah well, I've had a couple of years free of the chemicals, injections, radiation and the rest of it. Perhaps I am being overly pessimistic but at times I do get down with it all.


text:
stated on July 29, 2020 in a congressional hearing:
"The retail market we participate in is extraordinarily large and competitive. Amazon accounts for less than 1% of the $25 trillion global retail market, and less than 4% of U.S. retail."
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos testifies remotely during a House Judiciary subcommittee on antitrust on Capitol Hill on Wednesday, July 29, 2020, in Washington. (AP)
By Emily Venezky August 6, 2020
Bezos' statistics ignore Amazon's monopoly of U.S. e-commerce and growing international revenue
Bezos' statistics don't accurately portray how Amazon is cornering the growing industry of U.S. e-commerce retail and how much Amazon is profiting internationally.
Amazon accounts for the largest portion of U.S. e-commerce retail sales by a large margin and had the second-highest revenue of any retailer internationally in 2018.
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos opened his recent remarks to Congress with a claim that Amazon is in an "extraordinarily large and competitive" market, not only in the U.S. but internationally.
Bezos cited statistics to make his point, highlighting how "Amazon accounts for less than 1% of the $25 trillion global retail market, and less than 4% of U.S. retail."
The figures don't tell the whole story. They include a much larger pool of retailers than Amazon is directly competing with and minimize how large Amazon's sales are compared to the rest of worldwide retail.
We reached out to Amazon's press team to ask for Bezos' sources for the statistics he mentioned but they didn't respond.
On a global scale, figures show Amazon made up about 1.12% of international retail sales in 2019, which is just over 1%. According to a June 2019 report from eMarketer, total international retail sales were projected to be $25 trillion by the end of 2019. In Amazon's last 2019 quarterly report, they announced that they had made $280.5 billion in sales during the 2019 fiscal year.
For U.S. retail, Amazon does make up less than 4% of total sales, according to eMarketer. In 2019, Amazon accounted for 38.7% of U.S. e-commerce retail sales alone, and e-commerce retail sales accounted for 11.3% of the U.S. retail market by the end of 2019.
Just looking at these statistics, Amazon looks like a tiny company competing in an extremely large market. However, comparing Amazon to the entire retail market is problematic. The U.S. Census Bureau includes over fifty industries in their data for the retail market, including car dealers, gas stations, full service restaurants, and liquor stores.
Amazon is not directly competing with most of the industries in the U.S. retail market, but it is responsible for the largest portion — 38.7% — of total e-commerce retail sales.
Its largest competitor was Walmart, with 5.3% of sales.
stated on January 17, 2023 in a Facebook post
Walmart is giving some women $500 grocery store credit as part of a discrimination settlement.
This gap isn't new, in 2018 Amazon made up 47% of e-commerce retail sales and the second-ranked e-commerce company was eBay, with 6.1% of sales.
Amazon is dominating the U.S. e-commerce retail market, which is also accounting for a growing share of the U.S. retail industry. The e-commerce market rose from 4.2% of the U.S. retail market in 2010 to 11.8% of the market in 2020.
Internationally, when we look at the entire world of retail (be it online or not), Amazon had the second-highest revenue of any retail seller in 2018, behind Walmart, which made $517.7 billion, according to the Kantar Group. In 2018, Walmart accounted for only 2.07% of international retail sales, despite having the most revenue from retail in the world.
Bezos said Amazon is participating in a market that is "extraordinarily large and competitive. Amazon accounts for less than 1% of the $25 trillion global retail market, and less than 4% of US retail."
Bezos cited those figures in an effort to portray Amazon as a less powerful force on the retail market than some may assume. These figures are misleading and don't tell the full story.
In the most comparable category — U.S. e-commerce — Amazon easily outdistances all of its competitors, and on the international front, it is the second-most profitable company in the world when it comes to all retail. Even the retail company making the most revenue internationally, Walmart, doesn't account for a large percentage of sales in the international market.
We rate this claim Half True.
Correction (Aug. 10, 2020): In 2018 Walmart made $517.7 billion in global retail sales, according to the Kantar Group. An earlier version of this story had an incorrect figure.
Rev, Big Tech Antitrust Hearing Full Transcript, July 29, 2020
eMarketer, Global e-commerce 2019, June 27, 2019
Amazon, AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER SALES, Jan 30, 2020
eMarketer, Top 10 US e-commerce Companies 2020, March 10, 2020
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, E-Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales, May 19, 2020
U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey: 2018, Feb 20, 2020
eMarketer, Top 10 US Companies, Ranked by Retail e-commerce Sales Share, 2019 (% of total US retail e-commerce sales), Feb 12, 2019
Kantar, Kantar's 2019 Top 50 Global Retailers (USD), 2019
More by Emily Venezky
stated on August 4, 2020 a Facebook post:
Says "Pelosi blackmails Congress! She demands mail-in voting or no 2nd stimulus for you and your family."
By Emily Venezky • August 7, 2020
stated on July 29, 2020 a congressional hearing:
stated on July 1, 2020 in a post:
"America was the ONLY country that ended" slavery
By Emily Venezky • July 31, 2020
stated on July 21, 2020 in a post:
Quotes Joe Biden as saying "We need to teach our children the ISLAMIC FAITH in our schools!"
Quotes President Donald Trump as saying, "Everybody says I've done a tremendous job with COVID… I think a little gratitude would be nice. Maybe a big 'Thank you Mr. President' is called for."
stated on April 16, 2020 a media website:
"New study: The flu vaccine is 'significantly associated' with an increased risk of coronavirus"
stated on June 27, 2020 a screenshot:
Nurses submitting coronavirus tests say they all are coming back positive.
By Daniel Funke • July 2, 2020
stated on June 23, 2020 a Facebook post:
Video of man using an air-quality monitor proves that people are "not getting enough oxygen" while wearing masks
By Emily Venezky • July 2, 2020
stated on June 8, 2020 post on Facebook:
"Cops in Norway: require 3 years of training, 4 people killed since 2002. Cops in Finland: require 2 years of training, 7 people killed since 2000. Cops in Iceland: require 2 years of training, 1 person killed since ever. Cops in the U.S.: require 21 weeks of training, 8,000+ people killed since 2001."
By Emily Venezky • June 16, 2020
stated on June 5, 2020 a Facebook post:
"More than 20 police officers are dead now because of the riots."
"This man who was kicked and stomped" was killed by an "antifa murderer."
By Emily Venezky • June 5, 2020
stated on May 31, 2020 a Facebook post:
Says "a rioter accidentally dropped" a riot manual with detailed instructions.
Says George Soros is "funding the chaos" in Minneapolis via his Open Society Foundations.
stated on May 26, 2020 Tweet:
Video shows Joe Biden stuttering after being asked about touching women "without their permission" on The View.
By Emily Venezky • May 28, 2020
Italy "went against the WHO's 'law'" against COVID-19 autopsies and "discovered covid is not a virus, but a bacterium" that "clots the blood and reduces the oxygen saturation."


In October, once again students at Notre Dame demonstrated their concern for others by holding a 'Great British Bake off' to raise money for Breast Cancer awareness.
All the members of the senate put their baking skills to the test, producing a selection of mouth-watering cakes and buns which went on sale at break and lunchtime. This, along with the sale of the traditional pink ribbons, raised over £216 to be donated to Breast Cancer research.
Every year, 44 thousand people, predominantly women, are diagnosed with breast cancer but the good news is, that thanks to research and new treatments developed over the last ten years, survival rates are now over 80%.
The senate are already busy planning their next event for Children in Need. Watch this space!


Tight calves can interfere with your practice in ways you might not suspect, but frequent stretching can improve calf flexibility.
Unless you are a truly dedicated couch potato, your calves get quite a workout as you walk through your daily life. With every step you take, you push off the ball of your foot, and your calf muscles lift your entire body weight. Since they receive so much work, the calves are some of the strongest muscles in your body.
Any muscle, whether big or small, tends to shorten as it gets worked and strengthened. Without regular stretching a powerful muscle group like the calf can become quite short and tight, seriously limiting the range of motion at the ankle, and this can really get in your way in yoga poses.
The muscle group we think of as the calf is composed primarily of two muscles, the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The gastrocnemius originates on the lower femur (thighbone), just above the knee, and the soleus originates on the posterior surfaces of the tibia and fibula, the two bones in the lower leg (the tibia is the shinbone). The gastrocnemius lies just under the skin of your calf, and the soleus is underneath the gastrocnemius. The fibers of both muscles run down the calf and attach to the Achilles tendon, which attaches to the calcaneus, the big heel bone at the back of your foot. When the two muscles contract and shorten, they pull up on your heel, lifting it and raising your body up on tiptoe.
Raising the heel is an essential component of many activities, including walking and climbing stairs. The calves are also an important part of forward propulsion in running and cycling, so most aerobically trained athletes have developed strong gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. With regular stretching it's possible to cultivate calves that are both strong and flexible. But if you are at all active and don't stretch, your calves can become very short and tight. Along with interfering with asanas, strong and tight calves can be a danger for athletes, negatively affecting their stride and contributing to potentially devastating ruptures of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. Some women are especially at risk for such injuries, since the calf muscles can become shortened if you frequently wear heeled shoes, even heels of only one to two inches. I have known elderly women who could no longer walk or stand barefoot because they constantly wore heeled shoes since childhood.
While most yoga students do have enough natural calf flexibility to walk around barefoot, many of us have a degree of calf shortness that affects our poses. You might feel the effect of short calves as difficulty keeping the back heel down in standing poses such as Virabhadrasana I (Warrior I) and Parivrtta Trikonasana (Revolved Triangle). Lack of calf flexibility is one reason you may struggle to get your heels down in Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog Pose). Tight calves can also contribute to another common misalignment in Downward Dog—a rounded back. You can see how tight hamstrings on the back of the thighs can cause the back to round in Downward Dog by pulling down on the sitting bones. But how can the calves, despite their distance from the spine and pelvis, cause this? The rounded back occurs when you compensate for tight calves by walking your hands closer to your feet so you can get your heels down to the floor. It is this short stance that usually causes the spine to flex and the front body to compress.
Because the calf muscles are so potentially powerful, it takes a frequent, persistent stretching program to improve overall calf flexibility. Since the calf is getting worked every day as you walk, run, and climb stairs, stretching it briefly once or twice a week is not enough to make a significant change. In fact, I recommend that if you really want to open up new territory in flexibility, you should stretch your calves five or six days each week. It is especially helpful to give the muscles a good, long stretch—at least a minute, if not two—after you've worked them. After they have been contracted by work, say after a run or walk, the muscles are warm and fatigued, ideal conditions for stretching. If you wait to stretch muscle tissue until after it's worked and contracted, it can cool off in a shortened position and gradually lose flexibility. So reserve a few minutes after your workout, or at the end of a day if you've been on your feet a lot, to stretch your calves.
When it comes to calf stretching, there are many exercises from which to choose. Downward Dog, of course, is well known as a calf stretch, but if you have really tight calves, you may find it quite difficult to get enough leverage on both calves at the same time to really make them lengthen. You might like to start with stretching just one at a time.
With both feet fully on the floor, step one foot forward, gently bending the knee to come over the heel. Make sure that your back foot points straight ahead; otherwise, you'll get an unbalanced stretch on the calf. (It's helpful to actually look at your back foot: You may feel like it's pointing straight ahead when it's really pointing out to the side.) Then slide that foot back until you have a moderate stretch in the calf, but not so far that the heel comes off the floor. Actively press the heel into the floor to facilitate release and lengthening of the calf muscles. This is a good stretch to help you gain calf flexibility, because you can do it easily and often (it doesn't require props) and you don't have to bother getting down on the ground (you can even do it outside after walking).
Now let's see if you are ready to integrate a good deep calf stretch into your Downward Dog. Sometimes you can get more length in your calves in Downward Dog by initially lifting your heels high off the floor and then consciously releasing the calf contraction and easing your heels back down. This is a version of "contract-relax," a stretching technique that takes advantage of the fact that it's easier to release and stretch a muscle more deeply after contracting it.
You can also get a good, deep calf stretch by moving from Uttanasana (Standing Forward Bend) to Downward Dog. With your heels well grounded in Uttanasana and your quadriceps (front thigh) muscles contracted to keep your knees straight, walk your hands out a foot or so beyond your toes. Still keeping your heels grounded and your knees straight, press your thighbones back toward the wall behind you. After you take a few breaths in this position, walk your hands out another foot, pausing again to breathe and reinforce the grounding of your heels. After you have repeated this process more than a few times, you'll find a position where you experience an intense calf stretch. Even though you may not have reached your full Downward Dog position, this is still a good place to pause for several breaths and visualize your calf muscles lengthening all the way from the back of your knee through the Achilles tendon to your heel. Eventually you'll be able to walk your hands all the way out to full Downward Dog with your heels on the floor.
You can get a similar but much deeper stretch in Uttanasana if you start out by standing with the balls of your feet on a rolled sticky mat and your heels on the floor. Again bend down into Uttanasana and slowly walk your hands away from your feet until you feel a good calf stretch. Keep your heels on the floor; be careful not to walk your hands out so far that your heels come up. While we are on the subject of calf stretching with your heels lower than the balls of your feet, I want to add a note of caution: Don't ever try to stretch your calves while hanging your heels off a step. This position creates too much leverage to be safe, even for a strong muscle group like the calf; it can cause tearing of the muscle or associated connective tissue. Such a tear can severely limit your activities, including your ability to walk.
The wise yoga student doesn't expect instant calf flexibility but instead works patiently over months, and even years, to slowly lengthen the calves. Besides avoiding injury, this gradual work will teach you patience and heighten your awareness of your connection to the earth through the grounding of your heels, which forms the foundation for your poses to grow up into the heavens.
A licensed physical therapist and certified Iyengar Yoga teacher, Julie Gudmestad runs a private physical therapy practice and yoga studio in Portland, Oregon.


text:
Beauty Detail
The $11 Lipstick Camila Cabello Wears Every Single Day
The star speaks candidly to Bustle.
by Olivia Rose Rushing
We may receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.
In Bustle's Beauty Detail, we dive into the beauty bags of our favorite talents for intel on the rituals that keep them glowing and the MVPs (most valuable products) they can't live without. Here, Camila Cabello tells Bustle how she uses her voice for change and the beauty essentials that are her must-haves.
Camila Cabello approaches life with a fiery passion and relatable humility. And as a proud Latina, top-charting artist, L'Oréal Paris brand ambassador, and The Voice's newest celeb coach — she's most recently helped honor ten non-profit leaders at the brand's annual Women of Worth celebration.
As the daughter of a Cuban immigrant myself, I was initially captivated by Cabello's ability to share the color and vibrancy of her native Cuba with her breakout single Havana, artistically allowing the world to appreciate the culture in new ways. And while she has made so many Latinx people feel seen and represented throughout her career, her purpose in being outspoken for change has only grown and transformed with time. Of course, the singer still reps her roots, but she also has become a leader who uses her platform to bring awareness to the severity of climate change, among other things.
"I think that in our culture, so many things are designed to distract us from the truth. Whether it's in podcasts, or books that I read, or shows that I watch, [there are really inspiring] people that I look up to and remind me of that distraction. It's a more fulfilling life when you don't look away, and it really makes you happier to know that you did your best to make some kind of positive change." This year, Cabello helped bring attention to the Women of Worth honorees by moderating a panel on mental health.
As for some of her recent reads and podcasts she recommends? "I love Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer. That's a book that kind of woke me up. [And] I love the podcast On Being with Krista Tippett. She's always talking about being an active participant in the narrative of the world."
Beyond being in tune with the current landscape and filling her free time consuming inspirational works, Cabello incorporates her love for this planet in unique ways. Notably, when attending one of the most influential events in fashion (I'm talking about the 2022 Met Gala, of course), the singer wore a gown and floral headpiece made with up-cycled fabrics à la Prabal Gurung, allowing her to take every chance she could to speak on the environment and the importance of sustainability.
"I really try to be conscious of the fact that I — and everybody on this planet — am an active participant and writer of the story of the world. Everybody contributes to culture."
The beauty lover in me couldn't help but ask what products she uses to feel her most confident self — because who says you can't change the world and wear a beautiful signature lipstick? See her favorites below.
Her Signature Lip Color
L'Oréal Paris Colour Riche Satin Lipstick, Classic Wine
See On Ulta
While Classic Wine is her signature shade from day to day, Cabello says, "there are a lot of different shades and they are moisturizing at the same time."
Her Hair Care Hero
Untangle Brush
Sheila Stotts
See On Sheila Stotts
The secret to her luscious locks? "I wash probably every two or three days, just because it's better for you to let those oils sink in. I brush [my hair] with one of those brushes that have the really strong bristles [that] almost kind of hurt. It's so good for your scalp and it stimulates hair growth."
Her On-Stage Fave
L'Oréal Paris Voluminous Original Mascara
"I've used [this mascara] ever since I can remember. I remember getting it at the pharmacy, and [I'm] still using it now."
Her Go-To Deodorant
Native Coconut & Vanilla Natural Deodorant
See On Target
While the singer admits to me that she feels nauseous when wearing perfume, she does love a vanilla-scented deodorant. "I use Native. I'll use anything that's organic or doesn't have any chemicals."
Her Style Savior
L'Oréal Paris Elnett Satin Extra Strong Hold Unscented Hairspray
"I don't use hairspray if I'm not working, but my hairstylists use Elnett Satin because it's not super sticky and is more lightweight which I like."
The Best Beauty Looks Spotted At Paris Couture Week 2023
By Audrey Noble
11 Stunning Critics' Choice Awards Beauty Moments
Pamela Anderson's Most Iconic Makeup & Hairstyle Moments
15 Modernized '60s Makeup Looks & Hairstyles That Feel Wonderfully Retro


A list of articles tagged with 'Heating'.
Worried about energy bills this winter?
Are increasingly expensive energy bills making you worry about keeping your house warm this winter?
Housing provider Derwent Living and its partners have won a major environmental award for one of its affordable housing schemes in Derbyshire.


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Open Bionics is a UK-based company that develops low-cost, 3D printed bionic arms for amputees with below elbow amputations. Their bionic arms are fully functional, with lights, bio feedback vibrations, and different functions that allow the user to grab, pinch, high-five, fist bump, and thumbs-up. The company is based inside Future Space, co-located with Bristol Robotics Laboratory. The company was founded in 2014 by Joel Gibbard MBE and Samantha Payne MBE.

In 2020 Joel Gibbard and Samantha Payne were awarded MBEs for their services to Innovation, Engineering, and Technology.

Partnerships
In 2015, Disney and Open Bionics announced a partnership to create superhero-themed prosthetics for young amputees. In the same year, the company won the 2015 James Dyson Award in the UK for innovative engineering  and Tech4Good's 2015 Accessibility Award. In 2016, it won a Bloomberg Business Innovators award.

In January 2019, James Cameron and 20th Century Fox partnered with Open Bionics to give 13-year-old double amputee Tilly Lockey a pair of Alita-inspired bionic Hero Arms for the London premiere of Alita: Battle Angel. Lockey lost both of her hands when she contracted meningococcal septicemia at 15 months of age.

In 2020, Open Bionics partnered with gaming company Konami to create 'Venom Snake' Hero Arm covers, which are featured in the 2015 video game Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.

Funding
In January 2019, Open Bionics raised Series A funding of $5.9 million. The round was led by Foresight Williams Technology EIS Fund, Ananda Impact Ventures and Downing Ventures, with participation from F1's Williams Advanced Engineering Group among others.

References

External links

Bionics
Medical technology companies of the United Kingdom
Prosthetic manufacturers
Engineering companies of England
Companies based in Bristol
2014 establishments in England
English brands


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Berlin, 27 September 2018 – On 26 September, companies of the NTT Group operating in Germany, celebrated the opening of their German representative office on Taubenstraße in Berlin. The representative office was established by Dimension Data, e-shelter and NTT Security and is designed to serve as a platform for even closer cooperation throughout the Group*.
The aim is to bundle interests, take a joint stand on important digitisation issues and develop solutions. What's more, the new representative office is to inspire dialogue and personal exchange on a key topic of the future: Society 5.0. "Japan has already successfully set the course for a digital society where all areas of business and life are comprehensively connected," emphasized Tsunehisa Okuno, Executive Vice President, Head of Global Business and Member of the Board of the NTT Group, in his opening speech.
Germany faces challenges similar to those seen in Japan, such as an ageing society, a shortage of skilled workers and climate change, and should therefore not ignore the opportunities offered by comprehensive digitisation. Whether in public transport, healthcare or administration – new, smart and secure IT solutions based on the same technologies and using the same infrastructures can ensure greater reliability, citizen-friendliness, effectiveness and participation. "At this representative office, the NTT Group in Germany will bring together its expertise and offer experts from the worlds of politics, business, research and the media a platform where they can work together to create fresh momentum and develop proposals for Germany's path towards a digital society", explained Kai Grunwitz, Senior Vice president EMEA of NTT Security, representing the host companies of the NTT Group.
The around 60 guests from business and politics welcomed by the managing directors of NTT's German subsidiaries with the attendance of the Japanese ambassador to Germany, Takeshi Yagi, and Dorothee Baer, Minister of State and Federal Government Commissioner for Digitisation.
* The NTT Group in Germany includes Arkadin, Dimension Data, e-shelter, itelligence, NTT Communications, NTT DATA and NTT Security. In Germany, the NTT Group employs around 5,300 people and records sales of more than €1.2 billion. For more information about NTT worldwide, go to: www.ntt-global.com.


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Retail shops in China offering cheaper iPhones after poor sales
A man holds the newly released Apple iPhone XS and XS Max during a product demonstration following the Apple launch event at the Steve Jobs Theater in Cupertino, California, U.S. September 12, 2018. (Reuters/Stephen Lam)
SHANGHAI – Several Chinese electronics retailers including Alibaba-backed Suning and JD.com have slashed iPhone prices this week, after Apple recently blamed poor sales of the smartphone in the country for a rare revenue warning.
The discounting, as steep as $118 for the recently launched 64GB iPhone XR, is the latest sign that Apple's weak holiday sales in China may have extended to the current quarter.
The price cuts on iPhones by Chinese retailers began in the middle of this week, with at least six offering promotions this weekend, according to checks done by Reuters.
Apple did not respond to requests for comment. Prices for iPhones sold through its Chinese website remained unchanged.
Such widespread price cuts are not uncommon around shopping festivals like Single's Day in November, but these cuts standout as they affect Apple's latest XS and XR models that were released only months ago, said Mo Jia, a Canalys analyst who tracks China's smartphone industry.
Jia believes Apple itself could have lowered prices of the phones it ships to distributors, or that distributors may have slashed rates in order to move more units.
"It's possible Apple wants to test the market's feedback if it brings down the channel prices. Or, Apple might be under pressure to clean out its stock of iPhones," he said.
Apple has been trailing local competitors such as Huawei Technologies Co Ltd that offer cheaper options in China, home to the world's biggest smartphone market in terms of shipment volume.
Last week, Apple issued its first revenue warning in nearly 12 years, citing poor Chinese demand, sending its shares down 10 percent, their biggest intra-day fall in six years.
Steep discounts
Suning announced on Friday that it would start selling the 64GB iPhone XR for 5,699 yuan, 800 yuan ($118.46) less than the device's sticker price in China. It is also selling the 64GB version of the iPhone 8 for 3,899 yuan, a 1,200 yuan discount.
JD.com, a major online seller of consumer electronics, is offering promotions on models going back to the 8 series. Dangdang, one of its rivals, has launched a similar campaign.
Brick-and-mortar retailer GOME Retail Holdings has discounted a range of iPhone models, while several authorized Apple resellers on Tmall, a marketplace run by e-commerce giant Alibaba, are set to offer discounts on Sunday.
Qian Chao, a district manager for Shanghai-based iPhone distributor Double Rise Beijing Technology, said it was the company's decision to make the price cuts and that it had not received any official notice from Apple.
Apple's China woes come against the backdrop of a broader slowdown in demand for gadgets across the tech sector as the country's economic growth slows, exacerbated by Beijing's festering trade war with the United States.
According to government data, smartphone shipments dropped 15.5 percent annually in the country in 2018. Domestic Chinese brands, meanwhile, have won over local consumers with a wide range of devices at competitive price points.
New Kathniel Twitter serye captures audiences with relatable, witty love story
Filipino craft beer brewers disprove claims over methanol poisoning
Architecture graduate presents thesis about Manila Zoo plans to Isko Moreno


Northrop worked alongside FDC to deliver this 1200sqm office fit out at 345 George Street Sydney.
The challenge was to deliver the project with a strict budget and a timeframe of just five months. Having experienced a period of growth, Northrop wanted a space that was comfortable, accommodating and could had potential for expansion in the future.
Ceiling space was utilised to accommodate changes to the office layout and an expansion in the number of workstations in future. Our specialists used AGI 32 design software to manage lighting levels in different areas.
The project was delivered in time and the end result was a comfortable space that the Northrop team thoroughly enjoying working in.


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Q: ASP.NET MVC - Generic Controller Model Issue and Polymorphism Setup:
I have designed a Wizard (based initially on Steve Sanderson's wizard in Pro ASP.NET MVC 2).
Essentially, the base wizard controller is declared as follows:
public abstract class WizardController<TModel> : Controller where TModel : class, IWizardModel, new()
{
   // Loads-n-loadsa-code
}

To implement my wizard, therefore, I need to declare my Wizard controller as follows:
[WizardOptions(StartLabel="Edit >>")]
public partial class EditFeeEarnerController : WizardController<MyApp.Models.MySpecificWizardModel>
{
     // small amounts of highly intuitive code
}

Where MyViewModel implements IWizardModel.
So far so good.  The wizard works beautifully and I am right chuffed with it, so don't get hung up on that.
The issue follows:
Issue:
The only issue is that my Wizard uses partial views for each step, that get "stitched" together with a view (Wizard.cshtml).
Wizard.cshtml is ALWAYS the same for ANY wizard EXCEPT for the @model declaration at the top, in my example:
@model MyApp.Models.MySpecificWizardModel

As a result, in an app with 20 wizards, I have the very same file appearing 20 times.
Definitely not DRY.
Question:
I would like to put a file in ~/Views/Shared/Wizard.cshtml and use that for all my wizards.  The reason I can't do that is because I only know in advance that my wizard viewmodels will inherit from IWizardModel.
And I can't do this:
@model IWizardModel

So what is the best way to do this, or is it just not possible?
I suppose I could have a base Wizard viewmodel that all my wizard viewmodels inherit from (instead of directly implementing IWizardModel).
Would this work?
EDIT (With the benefit of hindsight):
For the record, my problem was that I was misguided in thinking that using an interface as my model, ie, @model IWizardModel, wouldn't work.  As Iain Galloway pointed out in his answer, it does and that solved my problem.
The reason I thought I couldn't use an interface as my model is that I did the following:
@model IWizardModel // MyNamespace.MySpecificWizardModel

The problem is the comment to the right (I commented out the old model).
For some reason, the comment generated an error (something to do with the ViewEngine).  In my haste, I just presumed you couldn't use interfaces for the model.
As olde Will said:  Great is thy power, oh delay.
See Iain Galloway's answer and my Addendum to it.

A: I've just tested the following:-
public interface IModel
{
    string Value { get; }
}

public class Foo : IModel
{
    public string Value { get; set; }
}

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public ActionResult GenericView()
    {
        return View(new Foo() { Value = "Foo" });
    }
}

Along with GenericView.cshtml:-
@model MvcApplication1.Models.IModel

<h2>@Model.Value</h2>

This appears to be working for me. Am I missing something important in your requirements?

A: Addendum to Iain Galloway's answer:
Iain Galloway's answer is correct, and there is no problem with using the interface in the view.
Thinking it through, the process is as follows:
The Model:
Lets say I have an interface ISomeInterface:
public interface ISomeInterface
{
    public int Step { get;set; }
}

And I have a model class MyModel that implements ISomeInterface:
public class MyModel : ISomeInterface
{
    public int Step { get;set; }
    public string Name { get;set; }
    public string Address { get;set; }
}

Controller and Action:
You can pass the model to the view as follows:
return View("MyView", MyModel);

View:
As MyModel implements ISomeInterface, I can then write in the view:
@model ISomeInterface

Polymorphism applies and so the view has access to all properties on the MyModel that was passed in by the code in the action, not just the ISomeInterface properties of the view declaration.
This is what I wanted.  It works and so Iain Galloway's answer is marked as correct.
In the case of my Wizard:
As using @model ISomeInterface works in the general case, it also works for my wizard.
For clarity, however, in the partial views (and only in the partial views) that hold the markup for each step, I have left the declaration for the specific model, not just the interface it implements.  Ie:
@model MyModel

As a result of polymorphism working with @model, I can now move the wizard.cshtml file to the shared folder which is a great result for the overall DRYness of my wizards.
I still have the flexibility to further customise my wizard.cshtml for each wizard by including an implementation in the folder for the controller.  I might want to do this if, for example, I had a captcha control on my wizard, and it requires specific javascript and style files.

A: To my knowledge, you can't do this. The reason is that the view engine statically compiles the strongly typed view.  There's probably some highly advanced things you could do by implementing your own view engine, but it's unlikely you would want to go to that much work to save a few lines of template code.

A: You can do what you want with trick:
You can create wrapper model WizardModel that implement IWizardModel and contains property InheritedWizardModel of type IWizardModel.
public class WizardModel: IWizardModel
{
    private IWizardModel _inheritedWizardModel{get;set;}

    //implementation IWizardModel
    public SomeType SomeIWizardProperty
    {
        get{return _inheritedWizardModel.SomeIWizardProperty;}
        set{_inheritedWizardModel.SomeIWizardProperty = value;}
    }
}

And use it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Planktonic microcrustacean community structure varies with trophic status and environmental variables in tropical shallow lakes in Malaysia
Ahmad Dini, Umi Wahidah and Md. Yusoff, Fatimah and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin and Sharip, Zati and Sinev, Artem Y. (2020) Planktonic microcrustacean community structure varies with trophic status and environmental variables in tropical shallow lakes in Malaysia. Diversity, 12 (9). art. no. 322. pp. 1-19. ISSN 1424-2818
A study was conducted to evaluate planktonic microcrustacean species composition, abundance, and diversity in lakes with different trophic status and to determine the relationship between microcrustacean community structure and lake environmental conditions. This study hypothesized that there are correlations between eutrophication levels and microcrustacean community structures in a lake. Three shallow lakes of different trophic status (Sembrong, Putrajaya and Subang lakes) were selected for this study. Two-Way Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed differences in microcrustacean diversity and density amongst lakes, where the hypereutrophic condition in Sembrong lake resulted in the lowest diversity but the highest density of microcrustaceans. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis identified the discriminator species among lakes where the domination of small-sized microcrustaceans was observed in lakes with high levels of eutrophication; the hypereutrophic Sembrong lake (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, 74.0%); the meso-eutrophic Putrajaya lake (Bosmina longirostris, 46.9%; C. cornuta, 19.4%). Chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and water transparency showed significant roles in the distribution of microcrustaceans. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) scores indicated that small-sized C. cornuta and B. longirostris were related to the eutrophic conditions of lakes. This study elucidated that the lake trophic status could be one of the main factors contributing to the community restructuring of microcrustaceans in tropical lakes.
Planktonic microcrustacean community structure varies.pdf
Official URL or Download Paper: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/9/322
Institute of Bioscience
Faculty of Forestry and Environment
https://doi.org/10.3390/d12090322
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Cladocerans; Copepods; Eutrophication; Indicator species; Water quality; Zooplankton
http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.3390/d12090322


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Hand therapists are leading the charge in terms of functional return of the upper extremity.
When it comes to hand therapists, who better than OTs to evaluate, treat, and train clients with upper extremity injuries? In the bustling field of orthopedics, occupational therapists are claiming their rightful niche.
If we are looking at our clients through their lens and how they use their hands every day (blended with how they need to maneuver their body), we are able to achieve our unique role in occupation-based care.
As OT's we put the occupation in occupational therapy. The simplest tasks, from brewing a cup of coffee to manipulating car keys, can easily be interrupted. Every OT possess the skills to assess and plan for an optimal return to the client's needs.
With our unique skills, OTs are positioned to care for hand therapy patients and we are stepping up in a big way.
We are highly skilled at wound care and post-surgical scar management. When a client receives hand therapy it often involves wound care or suture removal from a hand therapist. The education and training the client and their family require on healing structures and skin care/scar care can be crucial for the long-term use of their extremity.
Imagine your skin is attempting to move and slide over the underneath anatomy but the scar is tethered down and pulls the skin tightly down. Without extensive work on a scar to break up adhesions or prevent their formation, you can lose the ability to move and flex bony joints because of skin tightness.
OTs are creative when it comes to positioning joints for functional use and in positions of rest during the early (acute) stages of healing. For anyone familiar with the term orthotics, you know that they are usually rigid structures that either inhibit or promote movements of specific joints. While many of the structural materials are the same, usually no two splints/orthotics look identical.
They are custom works of art, and it usually requires years of training by a therapist to master fabrication. A great orthosis will support the joints that it is meant to without creating stiffness or limiting movement in other surrounding structures. It is important to know the entire anatomy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand to expertly fabricate a splint. That—and lots and lots of practice!
The goal of OT is to return clients to premorbid occupations. OTs understand the function and use of the upper extremity within a person's everyday activities.
When a child receives hand therapy for weakness or poor positioning of the hand., an OT may use an orthosis and follow up with rehearsal, education and specific exercises to address the root cause of the disorder and help the child master the occupation of being a student by improving fine motor strength and control in the hand.
For adults, they may require therapy to address a frozen shoulder or rehabilitation after a stroke that has left them with limited shoulder motion. An independent adult may now require assistance with self-care such as dressing and hygiene in the bathroom. When an individual seeks out help from hand therapists, OTs can give them an assessment to look at all aspects of their function in their daily lives and in the community.
OTs are trained in behavioral science and mental health. One of the hallmarks of OT since the creation of the profession is the central focus on the client's physical and emotional wellbeing. While embracing the occupations our clients participate in, we are acutely aware of the struggles and challenges they face.
This awareness leads to a deep empathy for our clients. Our focus on returning a client to independence in everyday activities helps us provide them with personal dignity. Our clients feel empowered by their gained independence and therefore more engaged in the process of healing.
Many clients who have been through an orthopedic or neurologic trauma need to address the "whole body" approach to healing. Therefore, they need more support and guidance than standard orthopedic recovery care.
OTs are trained experts in the anatomy of the upper extremity. It begins in school with gross anatomy classwork and education on muscle and nerve pathways. As we gain knowledge of the anatomy and purpose of specific nerve and muscle groups, student hand therapists perform Fieldwork with practicing OTs.
During Fieldwork, OT students are able to apply that knowledge to specific patients and build upon classroom training. By spending so much of our education focused on what our upper extremities do, we are able to best assess when the client cannot perform an activity and what the limiting factors are.