text:
Caiger-Smith Repeat Ware bowls (marks)
Caiger-Smith Repeat Ware bowls
Caiger-Smith Repeat Ware bowls (marks) 1960.
Caiger-Smith, Alan
Alan Caiger-Smith was born in Buenos Aires in 1930. He studied at Camberwell School of Art, the Central School of Art and Cambridge University where he read history.
He is best known for his tin-glaze work. With Geoffrey Eastop he founded Aldermaston Pottery in Berkshire in 1955 and has written extensively on the subject of tin-glaze pottery and lustre decoration.
Aldermaston Pottery
The Aldermaston Pottery was founded in Berkshire in 1955 by Alan Caiger-Smith and Geoffrey Eastop, and over the years the studio has been home to many fine potters.
The potters at Aldermaston, who number about half-a-dozen, work both as a team, for production work, and individually, for studio pieces.
The Pottery is noted mainly for its tin-glaze wares, but also produces porcelain.
You can buy this book on line
Handbook of Pottery and Porcelain Marks by J.P. Cushion
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Can't get enough citrus in your life? Citrus Fresh™ Vitality™ essential oil combines Orange, Grapefruit, Mandarin, Tangerine, and Lemon oils with a shot of Spearmint for a zesty and refreshing burst of flavor. The constituents limonene, beta-pinene, and linalool all naturally occur in the Citrus Fresh Vitality oil blend.This invigorating and pleasant blend is an ideal addition to water, fruit and vegetable juices, and NingXia Red®. Simply add a drop or two to your 2-oz. serving of NingXia Red for a zip of flavor and freshness. Add to other fruity treats for a citrus boost to your indulgences.


which the mouth of the Lord shall name."
Beloved, no matter the name the enemy has made them call you, no matter how beaten and battered you might be at the scheme of life today, No matter how far you have been on that shameful and lonely road of life... My father is set to change your name, beautify you and give you a crown of glory in Jesus name.. amen.
Good Morning and have a glorious day.


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Classic Books & Novels
Classic Science Fiction
3.9 (460,896 ratings by Goodreads)
By (author) H.G. Wells
A Victorian scientist and inventor creates a machine for propelling himself through time, and voyages to the year AD 802701, where he discovers a race of humanoids called the Eloi. Their gently indolent way of life, set in a decaying cityscape, leads the scientist to believe that they are the remnants of a once great civilization. He is forced to revise this assessment when he comes across the cave dwellings of threatening ape-like creatures known as Morlocks, whose dark underground world he must explore to discover the terrible secrets of this fractured society, and the means of getting back to his own time.
A biting critique of class and social equality as well as an innovative and much imitated piece of science fiction which introduced the idea of time travel into the popular consciousness, The Time Machine is a profound and extraordinarily prescient novel.
Dimensions 128 x 198 x 15.24mm | 147g
Publisher Alma Books Ltd
Imprint Alma Classics
Publication City/Country Richmond, United Kingdom
Bestsellers rank 421,656
The Master and Margarita: New Translation
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Other Stories
We: New translation
Yevgeny Zamyatin
The Idiot: New Translation
Mrs Dalloway
Journey by Moonlight
Antal Szerb
Anna Karenina: New Translation
A Game of Chess and Other Stories: New Translation
The Beautiful and Damned
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The Metamorphosis and Other Stories
A Hero of Our Time
Mikhail Lermontov
I personally consider the greatest of English living writers [to be] H.G. Wells.
I personally consider the greatest of English living writers [to be] H.G. Wells. -- Upton Sinclair
About H.G. Wells
Widely considered to be the father of science fiction, Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), or H.G. Wells as he is better known, was an innovative and prolific writer across many genres. His most famous works - such as The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, and The War of the Worlds - are considered modern classics.
5 29% (135,939)
2 5% (23,948)
1 1% (6,205)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The opportunity zone tax incentive—part of the new tax plan—could be integral in the development of workforce housing.
The opportunity zone tax incentive and qualified opportunity funds could be a "game changer" for workforce or affordable housing development, according to Scott Choppin of Urban Pacific Group of Cos. Urban Pacific is currently building multi-generational urban townhomes in blue collar communities, and he has seen significant early success. The opportunity zone incentive is part of the recent tax reform package and is intended to encourage investment in distressed markets. Choppin's townhouses are already located in the designated opportunity zone markets, and will be integral in building larger communities that he can hold for the long-term.


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Dylan Martin Alcott (Melbourne, 4 december 1990) is een voormalig basketballer en rolstoeltennisspeler uit Australië. Hij strijdt onvermoeibaar voor kansen en trainingen voor gehandicapte Australiërs.

Medische voorgeschiedenis
Bron:
Alcott werd geboren met een tumor rond zijn wervelkolom. Een operatie om de tumor te verwijderen was succesvol, maar Dylan hield er een dwarslaesie aan over.

Basketbal
Op zeventienjarige leeftijd werd Alcott de jongste gouden-medaillewinnaar bij het rolstoelbasketbal, op de Paralympische Zomerspelen van 2008 in Peking. In deze sport won hij ook goud op het wereldkampioenschap van 2010, plus zilver op de Paralympische Zomerspelen van 2012 in Londen.

Tennis
Bij het tennis komt Alcott uit in de categorie quad. Hij bereikte de eerste plaats op de ITF-wereldranglijst, zowel in het enkelspel (juni 2015) als in het dubbelspel (september 2019).

In het enkelspel won Alcott vijftien grandslamtitels, tweemaal de Paralympische Spelen (2016 in Rio de Janeiro en 2020 in Tokio) en éénmaal de Wheelchair Tennis Masters (het officieus wereldkampioenschap van het rolstoeltennis) in 2018.

In 2021 behaalde hij als enige man in de geschiedenis een golden grand slam in het enkelspel, inhoudende het winnen van alle vier grandslamtoernooien – het Australian Open, Roland Garros, Wimbledon en het US Open – alsmede de Paralympische Zomerspelen in Tokio. Twee vrouwen gingen hem voor: Steffi Graf in 1988 en Diede de Groot in 2021.

In het dubbelspel won Alcott acht grandslamtitels (vier met Heath Davidson, drie met Andy Lapthorne en één met David Wagner) en de Paralympische Zomerspelen van 2016 in Rio de Janeiro samen met Heath Davidson.

Na het Australian Open 2022, waar hij in de enkelspelfinale verloor van de Nederlander Sam Schröder, beëindigde hij zijn sportcarrière, twee dagen nadat hij was verkozen tot "Australiër van het jaar".

Ambassadeur voor gehandicapten
Alcott is NEC-ambassadeur, die minimaal sinds 2014 ijvert voor de ondersteuning van gehandicapten. In 2017 stichtte hij de Dylan Alcott Foundation, die studiebeurzen en andere financiële hulp biedt aan gehandicapte Australiërs.

Externe links

 Origineel profiel van Dylan Alcott op de website van de ITF
 Profiel van Dylan Alcott bij het Internationaal Paralympisch Comité
 Profiel van Dylan Alcott bij de Australische Paralympische organisatie
 Biografie van Dylan Alcott, ICMI – International & Australian Speakers and Entertainers

Australisch tennisser
Australisch paralympisch kampioen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Individuals with pancreatic malignancy have got dismal prognoses, and book treatments are urgently needed. cell lines had been delicate to GDC0941 and AZD6244 as solitary brokers, synergistic inhibition of tumor cell development and induction of apoptosis had been seen in both cell lines when CP-724714 both drugs were mixed. Interestingly, phosphorylation from the cap-dependent translational parts, 4E-binding proteins (p-4E-BP1) and S6 was discovered to be carefully associated with level of sensitivity to GDC0941 and AZD6244. In BxPC-3 cell xenografts, success differences were noticed between your control as well as the AZD6244, GDC0941, and mixture groups. Our research supplies the rationale for concurrent focusing on from the PI3K and MEK pathways, no matter KRAS position, and shows that phosphorylation of 4E-BP1and S6 can serve CP-724714 as a predictive biomarker for response to treatment. Intro Pancreatic malignancy is the 4th leading reason behind cancer-related fatalities in women and men in america. Around 43,140 individuals were identified as having and 36,800 passed away of pancreatic malignancy in 2013 . Having less screening strategies and effective restorative agents make discovering and dealing with pancreatic malignancy a difficult issue. While targeted brokers have grown to be the mainstream for other styles of malignancy, at present, just the epidermal development aspect receptor inhibitor erlotinib provides gained acceptance from the meals and Medication Administration for the treating pancreatic tumor . Sadly, the clinical electricity of erlotinib is basically limited because of its rather humble clinical advantage, reflecting a continuing urgency to build up targeted real estate agents in pancreatic tumor. The current presence of a KRAS mutation sometimes appears in 30% of premalignant lesions  and in up to 90% of pancreatic malignancy tumor specimens , recommending that this KRAS mutation may be the predominant known feature of pancreatic malignancy molecular pathogenesis. KRAS is usually a GTPase, and it changes extracellular indicators into intracellular indicators by cycling between your energetic (RAS-GTP) and inactive (RAS-GDP) says. Mutated KRAS leads to constant activation from the RAS pathway by locking RAS in to the energetic GTP-binding state and additional triggering multiple downstream signaling pathways including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and success . Direct focusing on of KRAS is not successful in individuals with pancreatic malignancy , therefore current research attempts have got refocused on two downstream pathways, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway  as well as the RAF/MEK pathway [8,9]. Because cell signaling systems are complex, basically preventing one mediator is certainly unlikely to bring about a significant scientific response, unless the hereditary alternation makes the targeted effector to become an oncologically powered event. That is hardly the situation in KRAS downstream pathways, illustrated with the exceedingly low occurrence of PIK3CA or BRAF mutations in pancreatic tumors . As a result, it's been hypothesized that concurrent blockade in two parallel pathways such as for example PI3K and MEK will considerably increase the opportunity for achievement in attaining a medically relevant response. Certainly, synergistic anti-tumor results have been noticed when PI3K/AKT and MEK pathways are both inhibited in preclinical tumor versions , including a KRAS mutated lung malignancy model . GDC0941 can be an dental agent created to inhibit all course ? PI3K isoforms . They have dose-dependent anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma and human being ovarian malignancy xenografts . GDC0941 shows encouraging anti-tumor activity in the preclinical establishing, which is currently being examined in early stage clinical tests DLK CP-724714 . AZD6244 is usually a powerful, selective secondary era MEK1/2 inhibitor, which inhibits MAPK/ERK within an ATP-uncompetitive style . And also other MEK inhibitors, AZD6422 happens to be in early stage clinical tests [16-18]. Preclinical assessments of merging a PI3K/AKT inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor in pancreatic malignancy are growing , and our research confirms a synergistic impact occurs when obstructing both of these pathways. Moreover, we've additional illustrated that the advantage of concurrent blockade isn't KRAS genotype limited. Additionally, our research demonstrates the translation procedure, specifically, activation of 4E-binding proteins 1 (4E-BP1) and S6 appears to be from the pancreatic malignancy cells phenotypic response toward the inhibitors. Components and Strategies Cell Tradition and Inhibitors Pancreatic malignancy cell lines, BxPC-3 (KRAS crazy type), MIA PaCa-2 (KRAS mutant), PANC-1 (KRAS mutant) and Capan-2 (KRAS mutant) had been from American Type Tradition Collection CP-724714 (Manassas, VA, USA) and cultured in a rise moderate of either DMEM (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2), RPMI-1640 (BxPC-3) or McCoys 5A moderate (Capan-2) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 models/ml penicillin, 100 g/ml streptomycin and 1mM sodium pyruvate CP-724714 at 37C inside a humidified atmosphere made up of 5% CO2. The PI3K inhibitor GDC0941 and MEK inhibitor AZD6244 had been bought from Selleck Chemical substances LLC (Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. Both inhibitors had been kept at -20C. Cell Viability Assay Pancreatic malignancy cells lines had been seeded at a denseness of 3,000 cells per well inside a 96-well.


text:
«Стелс» () — американський науково-фантастичний бойовик 2005 р. режисера Роба Коена з Джошом Лукасом, Джессікою Біл, Джеймі Фоксом, Семом Шепардом, Джо Мортоном і Річардом Роксбургом у головних ролях.

Головною темою фільму є трійка елітних пілотів-винищувачів, до яких долучають проект з розробки роботизованого літака класу стелс, та які небезпеки може приховувати бойовий штучний інтелект.

Випущений 29 липня 2005 р. компанією Columbia Pictures, кошторис фільму склав $135 млн, але Стелс був розбитий критиками і став колосальною фінансовою бомбою, провалившись у прокаті, заробивши $ 76 932 872 в усьому світі, що стало одним з найбільших фіаско в історії кінематографу.

Сюжет
2016 рік. ВМС США розробляє авіаційну програму з боротьби проти міжнародного тероризму й іншими ворогами держави. Командування надає трійці молодих льотчиків флоту (Бену Ганнону, Карі Вейд і Генрі Парселлі) стажиста «Еді» (EDI) — новітній багатоцільовий ударний БПЛА вертикального зльоту і посадки, створений з використанням технології «стелс» і наділений найдосконалішим штучним інтелектом. Після повернення з успішного нічного бомбардування з'їзду терористів в Рангуні в новий літак потрапляє блискавка. Математичні алгоритми штучного інтелекту порушуються, робот стає незалежним — у нього з'являється власна особистість. Зламавши файли Пентагону, робот скачав звідти військову програму «Чорне охоплення», створену ще за часів холодної війни. Після самовільного бомбардування бази бойовиків у горах Таджикистану, ШІ виривається з-під контролю і намагаючись виконати цілі програми, відправляється бомбити секретний ядерний центр ймовірного противника. Генрі розбивається об скелю, переслідуючи робота, літак Кари, пошкоджений при атаці, розвалюється в повітрі, льотчиця приземляється в горах Північної Кореї, по її слідах йде загін прикордонників. На базі командир групи, намагаючись врятувати свою репутацію, вирішує погубити пілотів і через сенатора Рея передає інформацію «іноземній державі», а після бою з трьома перехоплювачами наказує двом переможцям (які вирішили об'єднатися, щоб вижити) приземлитися на Алясці, де героїв чекає смертельна пастка. Однак Ганнон з боєм проривається до Еді і, сидячи в його кабіні, відлітає на допомогу Карі, яка дісталася до кордону. У бою з корейськими прикордонниками Еді, витратив весь боєзапас, жертвує собою, таранячи корейський бойовий вертоліт. Бен і Кара переходять кордон і рятуються, зрадник-командир пускає кулю собі в голову.

Після титрів показано, що одна з головних частин штучного інтелекту Еді залишилася неушкодженою після зіткнення з вертольотом і активувалася.

Футурологічний аспект

У фільмі показано багато футуристичних/теоретичних чи технологій, що використовуються. До них належать:

 Комп'ютерні технології
 Квантовий комп'ютер
 Штучна нейронна мережа
 Штучний інтелект
 Літаки
 Пульсуючий детонаційний двигун
 Вигадані військові літаки EDI UCAV, F/A-37 Talon.
 Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
 F/A-18 Hornet
 Висотний дирижабль S (Camelhumps), використовуваний для дозаправки
 Зброя
 Вогнепальна зброя у фільмі Stealth
 Військові кораблі

Ролі

 Джош Лукас — лейтенант Бен Геннон (BIG)
 Джессіка Біл — лейтенант Кара Вейд (GUNS)
 Джеймі Фокс — лейтенант Генрі Перселла (E-Z)
 Сем Шепард — капітан Джордж Каммінгс
 Джо Мортон — капітан Дік Маршфілд
 Річард Роксбург — д-р Кейт Орбіт
 Йєн Бліс — лейтенант Аарон Шафтсбурі
 Вентворт Міллер — ЕДІ (голос)
 Ебон Мосс-Бахрах — Тім
 Сара Саліба — корейська дівчина

Саундтрек

 «Make a Move» — Incubus (3:12)
 «Admiration» — Incubus (4:13)
 «Neither of Us Can See» — Incubus (4:04)
 «(She Can) Do That» — BT & David Bowie (3:15)
 «Dance to the Music» — will.i.am & Sly & The Family Stone (4:06)
 «Bullet-Proof Skin» — Institute (4:24)
 «L.S.F.» — Kasabian (3:18)
 «Bug Eyes» — Dredg (4:16)
 «Over My Head (Cable Car)» — The Fray (3:56)
 «One Day» — Trading Yesterday (4:21)
 «Different» — Acceptance (4:09)
 «Nights in White Satin» — Glenn Hughes, Chad Smith & John Frusciante (4:56)
 «Aqueous Transmission» — Incubus (7:48)

Примітки

Посилання

 Maritimequest Filming Stealth photo gallery
 The science of Stealth

Фільми США 2005
Фантастичні фільми 2005
Фільми англійською мовою
Науково-фантастичні фільми США
Фільми корейською мовою
Фільми російською мовою
Фільми іспанською мовою
Пригодницькі фільми США
Фантастичні бойовики США
Фільми-трилери США
Фільми про льотчиків
Фільми про авіацію
Фільми про штучний інтелект
Фільми про Аляску
Фільми про Південну Корею
Фільми про Росію
Фільми про Сіетл
Фільми про Таїланд
Фільми про Тихий океан
Фільми Columbia Pictures
Фільми Original Film
Фільми про ядерну війну та зброю
Фільми Роба Коена


text:
Our Winter Sale is ON!
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SW | ABOUT | SANDRA WEIL
For more than 12 years, fashion has been my way of discovering the world, expressing myself and relating to people around the world. #sandraweil is a life project that was born from the deepest bottom of my heart with the purpose of expressing my artistic vision through fashion.
I discovered that clothing has a powerful and profound capacity to make us feel good. All my designs are created to translate the personality of those who wear them, to highlight their creative power and the energy and strength of each woman. I'm sure that no matter how we use fashion, it can be a great healer. We believe that in this way we create a better world, a world that vibrates in love.
We have been growing organically, thanks to this shared vision with all those who collaborate in this process of creating clothes.
Our company has always been involved in different social projects in a conscious and reserved way. Today we understand that this work becomes even more relevant for our community, which excites us a lot!
Sandra Weil is committed to creating a diverse environment and is proud to be an equal opportunity employer. We hire great people from a wide variety of backgrounds, not just because it's the right thing to do, but because it makes our company stronger. We continually celebrate the diverse community different individuals cultivate.
We have been overcoming the adversities under a mantra:
Be the change you wish to see.
The only constant in life is change
Since it was first launched in 2012, luxury womenswear brand Sandra Weil [ vyle] quickly established itself as a major player in the creative map of Mexico and Latin America.
Her collections always begin from the same starting point: the soul of the dresses, the fabrics that give life to unexpected silhouettes conceived for a contemporary woman.
Weil was born in Peru, in a multicultural family that traces its roots from Turkey, Germany, Brazil, and Romania. Her passion for fashion and design was transmitted to her since childhood when she spent days in her grandmother's sewing workshop. As the years went by she naturally created her first dress for a friend. The design became an object of desire among her client's circle. She went on to study Visual Arts with a minor in Graphic Design at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and then enrolled at the University Felicidad Ducé in Barcelona, where she specialized in Haute Couture.
After she concluded her studies, she moved to Mexico City in 2008. Her entrepreneurial spirit was fostered in this place and in 2012 she launched her first ready-to-wear collection.
Two years later, in 2014, Sandra Weil opened its flagship store on Emilio Castelar 185, Polanco in Mexico City.
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A formal evaluation or documentation of a learning difference that has been made, preferably within the past three years. However, NCHS may allow accommodations even if the documentation is older than three years.
Demonstration of an educational need for accommodations because the learning difference prevents or "substantially limits" a student's ability to progress or demonstrate mastery of skills, as defined by Section 504 of Americans with Disabilities Act.
Students are encouraged to advocate for themselves by communicating with their classroom teachers.
A student's parent(s) must provide the appropriate documentation of a learning difference to the Learning Specialist. Please be advised that the NCHS administration may require a period of up to four weeks to review information and make observations.
NCHS will host a meeting in which the student, parent(s) and NCHS will create the initial plan.
If deemed appropriate, NCHS will distribute a formal written plan to the student's teachers.
Accommodations are reviewed at the beginning of each school year to determine if they need to be continued or revised. These meetings are held with the student alone, unless the parent(s) request attendance.


Recently I was given the opportunity to review Edward O. Wilson's The Meaning of Human Existence (2014) for the July/August 2015 issue of The Humanist, the official magazine of the American Humanist Association. Though I think the book serves more as an addendum to On Human Nature (1978) and Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998) than a single, independent work, it's undoubtedly worth the read. Though he tries to cover a lot in this book, its best chapters are those when, rather than approaching the humanities with a fist, he opens his hand.


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20.03.19All-Time GreatestAir Max 95Air Max
ARTICLE BY T.S. FOX
The All-Time Greatest Nike Air Max 95s: Part 1
Nearly 25 years since its debut, the Air Max 95 remains a fan-favourite amongst the storied Air Max lineup.
Released just as the market for running sneakers was cooling down, thanks to basketball kicks jumping to new heights, Sergio Lozano's design managed to recapture the magic of past Air Maxes by offering something provocative and never-before seen. Not only did the silhouette take inspiration from human anatomy with nods to ribs, vertebrae, muscles and skin, the AM95 also introduced the world to visible forefoot Air for the very first time. A mini Swoosh capped things off as a punctuation mark, and an instant classic was born — one that was quickly adopted on the streets of New York City and London, and one who's unapologetic aesthetic has made it a streetwear icon ever since.
Below we take a look back at some of our favourite Air Max 95s to hit shelves since the shoe's 1995 launch in the first part of our AM95 retrospective.
Nike Air Max 95 'Neon' (1995)Nike Air Max 95 'Neon' (1995)
More than two and a half decades have passed since the Air Max 95's debut and the OG 'Neon' colourway is still the look most associated with the kicks. Like the OG red Air Max 1, or the 'Silver Bullet' Air Max 97, the 'Neon' AM95 was a bonafide classic from the get-go as designer Sergio Lozano utilised neon green accents to highlight the greyscale look of the bold anatomy-inspired design. The green also did well to highlight the AM95's introduction of Nike's brand new visible forefoot Air.
Nike Air Max 95 'Comet Red' (1995)Nike Air Max 95 'Comet Red' (1995)
The iconic 'Neon' colourway may be the one most associated with the Air Max 95, but it's by no means the silhouette's only OG look. Personally, we're big fans of the underrated 'Comet Red' colourway, which echoed the greyscale look of the 'Neon' execution, but with more emphasis on the white. The 'Comet Red' accents were the clear highlight, though, and took care of the branding, nylon lace loops, and visible Max Air units.
Nike Air Max 95 'Powerwall' (2006)Nike Air Max 95 'Powerwall' (2006)
The Swoosh's 'Powerwall' series is home to some of the brand's most sought-after Air Maxes. Released over the course of 2005 and 2006, the series was the hallmark of the History of Air celebration in the lead-up to the release of the cushy and groundbreaking Air Max 360. 2006's bold Air Max 95s are arguably the best of the bunch, thanks to their grassy green upper and flawless combination of contrasting white and 'Volt' accents.
atmos x Nike Air Max 95 'Viotech' (2003)atmos x Nike Air Max 95 'Viotech' (2003)
2003's 'Viotech' pack helped to make Japanese-based sneaker stalwart atmos a household name amongst sneakerheads across the globe. Maybe the best-ever AM95 colourway outside of the unimpeachable 'Neon' OG, the 'Viotech' colab — which also included an all-time great Air Max 1 — took its name from its regal purple accents and employed shades of brown with white contrasts and a splash of gold.
Nike Air Max 95 'Persian Violet' (2016)Nike Air Max 95 'Persian Violet' (2016)
Who doesn't love to see an iconic colourway applied to another classic silhouette? 2016's 'Persian Violet' drop is a perfect illustration of the idea as Nike took the Air Max BW's OG colourway and applied it to the Air Max 95's wavy panels. The formula was successful enough that the Swoosh even reworked the look with alternate colour-blocking the following year, but we're partial to the predominately black version from 2016.
Nike Air Max 95 'Silver Bullet' (2017)Nike Air Max 95 'Silver Bullet' (2017)
Like 2016's 'Persian Violet' release, 2017's 'Silver Bullet' drop saw the Air Max 95 flawlessly dressed in another timeless colourway from the storied Air Max lineup. Whereas 2016's drop channelled the Air Max BW, 2017's 'Silver Bullet' saw the AM95 paired with the Air Max 97's original bullet train-inspired make-up.
Nike Air Max 95 'Doernbecher' (2007)Nike Air Max 95 'Doernbecher' (2007)
Since 2003, Nike's Doernbecher Freestyle releases have raised over $20 million for Oregon's Doernbecher Children's Hospital Foundation through the sale of limited-edition designs created by the patients themselves. 2007's Air Max 95 was designed by a then-15-year-old patient named Mike Armstrong as he recovered from a heart valve replacement. The special AM95s donned a patriotic motif as a nod to Mike's brother, who was stationed in Iraq at the time. The Captain America—like red, white and blue design sold out in a heartbeat, and was eventually reissued in 2013 to celebrate the 10-year anniversary of the program.
Nike Air Max 95 'Country Camo' (2013),Nike Air Max 95 'Country Camo' (2013)
Camouflage ruled the worlds of streetwear and sportswear in the early 2010s, so 2013's 'Country Camo' Air Maxes dropped at the perfect time as Nike paid tribute to the countries and cultures that have made Air Maxes so iconic. The pack's Air Max 95s took cues from the British and Japanese camo patterns of the early 90s and — like the rest of the collection — rocked lightweight, seamless unibody construction thanks to the use of the Swoosh's Hyperfuse tech.
Nike Air Max 95 'Z' (2001)Nike Air Max 95 'Z' (2001)
Given today's penchant for ugly, maximalist designs, it's shocking that Nike have yet to revisit the zippered version of the Air Max 95. Released in 2001, the Air Max 95 Z added a zippered leather shroud to the original silhouette and, depending on your stance, either a) streamlined the look of the OG while adding a futuristic edge, or b) ruined the original by ignoring some of its signature design elements: especially the neoprene tongue and nylon lace loops.
Air Max 95Air Max
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Now ReadingThe All-Time Greatest Nike Air Max 95s: Part 1


Umar (/ˈuːmɑːr/), also spelled Omar (/ˈoʊmɑːr/; Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب ʻUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb [ˈʕomɑr-, ˈʕʊmɑr ɪbn alxɑtˤˈtˤɑːb], "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE – 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.
Due to persecution, Muhammad ordered some of his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. When a small group of Muslims migrated, Umar became worried about the future unity of the Quraish and decided to have Muhammad assassinated.
When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he paired each immigrant (Muhajir) with one of the residents of the city (Ansari), joining Muhammad ibn Maslamah with Umar, making them brothers in faith. Later in Umar's reign as caliph, Muhammad ibn Muslamah would be assigned the office of Chief Inspector of Accountability. Muslims remained in peace in Medina for approximately a year before the Quraish raised an army to attack them. In 624 Umar participated in the first battle between Muslims and Quraish of Mecca i.e., the Battle of Badr. In 625 he took part in the Battle of Uhud. In the second phase of the battle, when Khalid ibn Walid's cavalry attacked the Muslim rear, turning the tide of battle, rumours of Muhammad's death were spread and many Muslim warriors were routed from the battlefield, Umar among them. However, hearing that Muhammad was still alive, he went to Muhammad at the mountain of Uhud and prepared for the defence of the hill. Later in the year Umar was a part of a campaign against the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir. In 625 Umar's daughter Hafsah was married to Muhammad. Later in 627 he participated in the Battle of the Trench and also in the Battle of Banu Qurayza. In 628 Umar witnessed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. In 628 he fought in the Battle of Khaybar. In 629 Muhammad sent Amr ibn al-A'as to Zaat-ul-Sallasal, after which, Muhammad sent Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah with reinforcements, including Abu Bakr and Umar, whereupon they attacked and defeated the enemy. In 630, when Muslim armies rushed for the conquest of Mecca, he was part of that army. Later in 630, he fought in the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He was part of the Muslim army that contested the Battle of Tabouk under Muhammad's command and he was reported to have given half of his wealth for the preparation of this expedition. He also participated in the farewell Hajj of Muhammad in 632.
When Muhammad died on 8 June 632 Umar initially disbelieved that he was dead. It is said that Umar promised to strike the head of any man who would say that Muhammad died. Umar said: "He has not died but rather he has gone to his lord just as Moses went, remaining absent from his people for forty nights after which he has returned to them. By Allah, the messenger of Allah will indeed return just as Moses returned (to his people) and he will cut off the hands and legs of those men who claimed he has died." Abu Bakr then publicly spoke to the community in the mosque, saying: "Whoever worshiped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad has died, and whoever worshiped Allah, let them know that Allah is alive and never dies." Abū Bakr then recited these verses from the Qur'an: Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. If, then, he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heel? Hearing this, Umar fell on his knees in sorrow and acceptance. Sunni Muslims say that this denial of Muhammad's death was occasioned by his deep love for him.
Umar's political capacity first manifested as the architect of the caliphate after Muhammad died on 8 June 632. While the funeral of Muhammad was being arranged a group of Muhammad's followers who were natives of Medina, the Ansar (helpers), organised a meeting on the outskirts of the city, effectively locking out those companions known as Muhajirs (The Emigrants) including Umar. Umar found out about this meeting at Saqifah Bani Saadah, and, taking with him two other Muhajirs, Abu Bakr and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, proceeded to the meeting, presumably to head off the Ansars' plans for political separation. Arriving at the meeting, Umar was faced with a unified community of tribes from the Ansar who refused to accept the leadership of the Muhajirs. However, Umar was undeterred in his belief the caliphate should be under the control of the Muhajirs. Though the Khazraj were in disagreement, Umar, after strained negotiations lasting one or two days, brilliantly divided the Ansar into their old warring factions of Aws and Khazraj tribes. Umar resolved the divisions by placing his hand on that of Abu Bakr as a unity candidate for those gathered in the Saqifah. Others at the Saqifah followed suit, with the exception of the Khazraj tribe and their leader, Sa'd ibn 'Ubada, who were ostracized as a result. The Khazraj tribe is said to have posed no significant threat as there were sufficient men of war from the Medinan tribes such as the Banu Aws to immediately organize them into a military bodyguard for Abu Bakr.
According to Tom Holland, Umar's historicity is beyond dispute. An Armenian bishop writing a decade or so after Qadisiyya describes Umar as a "mighty potentate coordinating the advance of the sons of Ismael from the depths of the desert". Tom Holland writes "What added incomparably to his prestige, was that his earth-shaking qualities as a generalissimo were combined with the most distinctive cast of virtues. Rather than ape the manner of a Caesar, as the Ghassanid kings had done, he drew on the example of a quite different kind of Christian. Umar's threadbare robes, his diet of bread, salt and water, and his rejection of worldly riches would have reminded anyone from the desert reaches beyond Palestine of a very particular kind of person. Monks out in the Judaean desert had long been casting themselves as warriors of God. The achievement of Umar was to take such language to a literal and previously unimaginable extreme."
Due to the delicate political situation in Arabia[vague], Umar initially opposed military operations against the rebel tribes there, hoping to gain their support in the event of an invasion by the Romans or the Persians. Later, however, he came to agree with Abu Bakr's strategy to crush the rebellion by force. By late 632 CE, Khalid ibn Walid had successfully united Arabia after consecutive victories against the rebels. During his own reign later, Umar would mostly adopt the policy of avoiding wars and consolidating his power in the incorporated lands rather than expanding his empire through continuous warfare.
Abu Bakr was aware of Umar's power and ability to succeed him. His was perhaps one of the smoothest transitions of power from one authority to another in the Muslim lands. Before his death, Abu Bakr called Uthman to write his will in which he declared Umar his successor. In his will he instructed Umar to continue the conquests on Iraqi and Syrian fronts.
Even though almost all of the Muslims had given their pledge of loyalty to Umar, he was feared more than loved. According to Muhammad Husayn Haykal, the first challenge for Umar was to win over his subjects and the members of Majlis al Shura.
Umar was a gifted orator, and he used his ability to improve his reputation among the people.
Muhammad Husayn Haykal wrote that Umar's stress was on the well-being of the poor and underprivileged. In addition to this, Umar, in order to improve his reputation and relation with the Banu Hashim, the tribe of Ali, delivered to the latter his disputed estates in Khayber. He followed Abu Bakr's decision over the disputed land of Fidak, continuing to treat it as state property. In the Ridda wars, thousands of prisoners from rebel and apostate tribes were taken away as slaves during the expeditions. Umar ordered a general amnesty for the prisoners, and their immediate emancipation. This made Umar quite popular among the Bedouin tribes. With the necessary public support on his side, Umar took the bold decision of recalling Khalid ibn Walid from supreme command on the Roman front.
In some districts there were separate military officers, though the Wali was, in most cases, the Commander-in-chief of the army quartered in the province.
Every appointment was made in writing. At the time of appointment an instrument of instructions was issued with a view to regulating the Wali's conduct. On assuming office, the Wali was required to assemble the people in the main mosque, and read the instrument of instructions before them.
Umar was first to establish a special department for the investigation of complaints against the officers of the State. This department acted as the Administrative court, where the legal proceedings were personally led by Umar. The Department was under the charge of Muhammad ibn Maslamah, one of Umar's most trusted men. In important cases Muhammad ibn Maslamah was deputed by Umar to proceed to the spot, investigate the charge and take action. Sometimes an Inquiry Commission was constituted to investigate the charge. On occasion, the officers against whom complaints were received were summoned to Medina, and charged in Umar's administrative court. Umar was known for this intelligence service through which he made his officials accountable. This service was also said to have inspired fear in his subjects.
Umar was the first to introduce the public ministry system, where the records of officials and soldiers were kept. He also kept a record system for messages he sent to Governors and heads of state.
Another important aspect of Umar's rule was that he forbade any of his governors and agents from engaging in any sort of business dealings whilst in a position of power. An agent of Umar by the name of Al Harith ibn K'ab ibn Wahb was once found to have extra money beyond his salary and Umar enquired about his wealth. Al Harith replied that he had some money and he engaged in trade with it. Umar said: By Allah, we did not send you to engage in trade! and he took from him the profits he had made.
Since Medina, with a rapidly growing population, was at risk of recurring famines when crops were lacking, Umar sought to facilitate the import of grain. He ordered the building of a canal connecting the Nile to the Red Sea and an improvement of port infrastructure on the Arabian coast. When Basra was established during Umar's rule, he started building a nine-mile canal from the Tigris to the new city for irrigation and drinking water. Al-Tabari reports that 'Utba ibn Ghazwan built the first canal from the Tigris River to the site of Basra when the city was in the planning stage. After the city was built, Umar appointed Abu Musa Ashaari (17-29/638 – 650) as its first governor. He began building two important canals, the al-Ubulla and the Ma'qil, linking Basra with the Tigris River. These two canals were the basis for the agricultural development for the whole Basra region and used for drinking water. Umar also adopted a policy of assigning barren lands to those who undertook to cultivate them. This policy continued during the Umayyad period and resulted in the cultivation of large areas of barren lands through the construction of irrigation canals by the state and by individuals.
Under Umar's leadership, the empire expanded; accordingly, he began to build a political structure that would hold together the vast territory. He undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy, establishing an advanced administration for the newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, and ordered a census of all the Muslim territories. During his rule, the garrison cities (amsar) of Basra and Kufa were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) in Mecca and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) in Medina.
Umar also ordered the expulsion to Syria and Iraq of the Christian and Jewish communities of Najran and Khaybar. He also permitted Jewish families to resettle in Jerusalem, which had previously been barred from all Jews. He issued orders that these Christians and Jews should be treated well and allotted them the equivalent amount of land in their new settlements. Umar also forbade non-Muslims from residing in the Hejaz for longer than three days. He was first to establish the army as a state department.
Umar was founder of Fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence. He is regarded by Sunni Muslims as one of the greatest Faqih, and, as such, he started the process of codifying Islamic Law.
In 641, he established Bayt al-mal, a financial institution and started annual allowances for the Muslims. As a leader, 'Umar was known for his simple, austere lifestyle. Rather than adopt the pomp and display affected by the rulers of the time, he continued to live much as he had when Muslims were poor and persecuted. In 638, his fourth year as caliph and the seventeenth year since the Hijra, he decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
The military conquests were partially terminated between 638 and 639 during the years of great famine in Arabia and plague in the Levant. During his reign the Levant, Egypt, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Fezzan, Eastern Anatolia, almost the whole of the Sassanid Persian Empire including Bactria, Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Caucasus and Makran were annexed to the Rashidun Caliphate. According to one estimate more than 4,050 cities were captured during these military conquests. Prior to his death in 644, Umar had ceased all military expeditions apparently to consolidate his rule in recently conquered Roman Egypt and the newly conquered Sassanid Empire (642–644). At his death in November 644, his rule extended from present day Libya in the west to the Indus river in the east and the Oxus river in the north.
To be close to the poor, Umar lived in a simple mud hut without doors and walked the streets every evening. After consulting with the poor, Umar established the first welfare state, Bayt al-mal. The Bayt al-mal aided the Muslim and non-Muslim poor, needy, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled. The Bayt al-mal ran for hundreds of years, from the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century through the Umayyad period (661–750) and well into the Abbasid era. Umar also introduced a child benefit and pensions for the children and the elderly.
Local populations of Jews and indigenous Christians, persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, often aided Muslims to take over their lands from the Byzantines and Persians, resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests. As new areas joined the Islamic State, they also benefited from free trade, while trading with other areas in the Islamic State (to encourage commerce, in Islam trade is not taxed, but wealth is subject to the zakat). Since the so-called Constitution of Medina, drafted by Muhammad, the Jews and the Christians continued to use their own laws in the Islamic State and had their own judges.
On his deathbed, Umar vacillated on his succession. However, it has been reported that he said that if Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Khalid ibn Walid or Salim, the mawla and freed Persian slave, were alive he would have appointed one of them his successor. Umar finally appointed a committee of six persons to choose a caliph from amongst them: Abdur Rahman bin Awf, Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, Talha ibn Ubaidullah, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.
All six are among the ten people promised paradise according to Sunnis. The only one out of the 'famous ten' left out of the committee who was still alive at the time was Saeed ibn Zaid, the cousin and brother-in-law of Umar. He was excluded on the basis of being related by blood and of the same tribe as Umar. Umar had a policy of not appointing anyone related to him to a position of authority even if they were qualified by his standards.
Umar appointed a band of fifty armed soldiers to protect the house where the meeting was proceeding. Until the appointment of the next caliph, Umar appointed a notable Sahabi and mawla, Suhayb ar-Rumi (Suhayb the Roman), as a caretaker caliph. While the meeting for selection of a caliph was proceeding, Abdulrehman ibn Abu Bakr and Abdur Rahman bin Awf revealed that they saw the dagger used by Piruz, the assassin of Umar. A night before Umar's assassination, reported Abdur Rahman bin Awf, he saw Hurmuzan, Jafina and Abu Lulu, while they were suspiciously discussing something. Surprised by his presence, the dagger fell; it was the same two-sided dagger used in the assassination. Abdulrehman ibn Abu Bakr, son of the late caliph Abu Bakr, confirmed that, a few days before Umar's assassination, he saw this dagger in Hurmuzan's possession. After this revelation, it seemed clear that it had been planned by the Persians residing in Medina. Infuriated by this, Umar's younger son Ubaidullah ibn Umar sought to kill all the Persians in Medina. He killed Hurmuzan, Jafinah, and the daughter of Umar's assassin Abu Lulu, who is believed to have been a Muslim. Ubaidullah was intercepted by the people of Medina, who prevented him from continuing the massacre. Amr ibn al-Aas is said to have intercepted him and convinced him to hand over his sword. The murder of Jafinah enraged Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, his foster brother, and he assaulted Ubaidullah ibn Umar; again the companions intervened. When Umar was informed about the incident, he ordered Ubaidullah imprisoned, and that the next caliph should decide his fate.
Umar died on 3 November 644; on 7 November Uthman succeeded him as caliph. After prolonged negotiations, the tribunal decided to give blood money to the victims, and released Umar's son Ubaidullah on the ground that, after the tragedy of Umar's assassination, people would be further infuriated by the execution of his son the very next day.
Umar was strong, fit, athletic and good at wrestling. He is said to have participated in the wrestling matches on the occasion of the annual fair of Ukaz. From first hand accounts of his physical appearance Umar is said to be vigorous, robust and a very tall man; in markets he would tower above the people. The front part of his head was bald, always A'sara Yusran (working with two hands), both his eyes were black, with yellow skin; however, ibn Sa'ad in his book stated that he never knew that 'Umar had yellow skin, except for a certain part of Umar's life where his color changed due to his frequent consumption of oil. Others[who?] say he had reddish-white skin. His teeth were ashnabul asnan (very white shining). He would always color his beard and take care of his hair using a type of plant.
One writer states that Umar was a political genius and, as an architect of the Islamic Empire, rates him as the 52nd most influential figure in history. Umar was one of Muhammad's chief advisers. After Muhammad's passing, it was Umar who reconciled the Medinan Muslims to accept Abu Bakr, a Meccan, as the caliph. During Abu Bakr's era, he actively participated as his secretary and main adviser. After succeeding Abu Bakr as caliph, Umar won over the hearts of Bedouin tribes by emancipating all their prisoners and slaves taken during the Ridda wars.
He built up an efficient administrative structure that held together his vast realm. He organized an effective intelligence network, one of the reasons for his strong grip on his bureaucracy.
Umar never appointed governors for more than two years, for they might amass too much local power. He dismissed his most successful general, Khalid ibn Walid, because he wanted people to know that it is Allah who grants victory, and to counter the cult of personality that had built up around Khalid, for the sake of the Muslim faith.
He would patrol the streets of Medina with a whip in his hand, ready to punish any offenders he might come across. It is said that Umar's whip was feared more than the sword of another man. But with all of this, he was also known for being kindhearted, answering the needs of the fatherless and widows.
Umar's swift imposition of justice against his governors for misdeeds made even powerful governors such as Muawiyah scared of him. Ali ibn Abu Talib, during the later rule of Uthman ibn Affan, wanted Uthman to be more strict with his governors, saying, "I adjure you by God, do you know that Mu'awiyah was more afraid of Umar than was Umar's own servant Yarfa?"
Under Umar's rule, in order to promote strict discipline, Arab soldiers were settled outside of cities, between the desert and cultivated lands in special garrison towns known as "amsar". Known examples of such settlements are Basra and Kufa, in Iraq, and Fustat south of what would later become Cairo. His soldiers were forbidden to own land outside of Arabia. There were restrictions on their right to seize buildings and other immovable things usually thought of as prizes of war. Movable spoils were shared with the people of the umma, regardless of their social stratum.
His rule was one of the few moments in the history of Islam where Muslims were united as a single community. Abdullah ibn Masʿud would often weep whenever the subject of Umar was brought up. He said: "Umar was a fortress of Islam. People would enter Islam and not leave. When he died, the fortress was breached and now people are going out of Islam". Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah before Umar died famously said: "If Umar dies, Islam would be weakened". People asked him why and his reply was "You will see what I am speaking about if you survive." His greatest achievement from a religious perspective was the compilation of the Qur'an. This had not been done during the time of Muhammad. However, during the Battle of Yamama a great number of the memorizers of the Quran perished in the battle. On the advice of Umar, Abu Bakr tasked Zayd ibn Thabit with the momentous task of compiling the Quran into a single Book.
One strategic success was his sundering of the Byzantine-Sassanid alliance in 636, when Emperor Heraclius and Emperor Yazdegerd III allied against their common enemy. He was lucky in that the Persian Emperor Yazdegerd III couldn't synchronize with Heraclius as planned. Umar fully availed himself of the opportunity by inducing the Byzantines to act prematurely. This was contrary to the orders of Emperor Heraclius, who presumably wanted a coordinated attack along with the Persians. Umar did this by sending reinforcements to the Roman front in the Battle of Yarmouk, with instructions that they should appear in the form of small bands, one after the other, giving the impression of a continuous stream of reinforcements that finally lured the Byzantines to an untimely battle. On the other hand, Yazdegerd III was engaged in negotiations that further gave Umar time to transfer his troops from Syria to Iraq. These troops proved decisive in the Battle of Qadisiyyah.
Umar issued an order to invade the very homeland of the Christian Arab forces besieging Emesa, the Jazirah. A three-pronged attack against Jazirah was launched from Iraq. To further pressure the Christian Arab armies, Umar instructed Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, commander of Muslim forces in Iraq, to send reinforcements to Emesa. Umar himself led reinforcements there from Medina. Under this unprecedented pressure, the Christian Arabs retreated from Emesa before Muslim reinforcements could arrive. The Muslims annexed Mesopotamia and parts of Byzantine Armenia.
After the Battle of Nahavand, Umar launched a full-scale invasion of the Sassanid Persian Empire. The invasion was a series of well-coordinated multi-pronged attacks designed to isolate and destroy their targets. Umar launched the invasion by attacking the very heart of Persia, aiming to isolate Azerbaijan and eastern Persia. This was immediately followed by simultaneous attacks on Azerbaijan and Fars. Next, Sistan and Kirman were captured, thus isolating the stronghold of Persia, the Khurasan. The final expedition was launched against Khurasan, where, after the Battle of Oxus River, the Persian empire ceased to exist, and Yazdegerd III fled to Central Asia.
Another Shia sect, the Zaidiyyah followers of Zaid ibn Ali, generally has two views about that. Some branches, such as Jaroudiah (Sarhubiyya), don't accept Umar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs. For instance, Jarudiyya believes that Muhammad appointed Ali and believes that the denial of the Imamate of Ali after Muhammad's passing would lead to infidelity and deviation from the right path. The other view accepts Umar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs, albeit inferior to Ali. According to al-Tabari (and Ibn A'tham), when asked about Abu Bakr and Umar, Zayd ibn Ali replied: "I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them...when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah.".
^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Mir'at ul-Oqool. 21. p. 199.
^ Dubnow, Simon (1968). History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period. 2. Cornwall Books. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-8453-6659-2.
^ "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 1". archive.org.
^ Qazi, Moin. Umar Al Farooq: Man and Caliph. Notion Press. ISBN 9789352061716.
^ a b c Haykal, 1944. Chapter 1.
^ a b Haykal, 1944. Chapter 1, p. 51.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 1, p. 53.
^ "Umar's Conversion to Islam". Al-Islam.org. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
^ Al Mubarakpury, Safi ur Rahman (2002). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Darussalam. pp. 130–131. ISBN 9960-899-55-1.
^ Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, p. 56.
^ a b "Hadith - Book of Companions of the Prophet - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". Sunnah.com. 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
^ a b c d e Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press.
^ a b The History of al-Tabari. State University of New York Press. 1990.
^ a b Madelung, 1997. p. 33.
^ Madelung, 1997. p. 22.
^ "The Institute of Ismaili Studies - Institute of Ismaili Studies". iis.ac.uk.
^ Madelung, 1997. p. 43.
^ a b c Holland, Tom. In the shadow of the sword, The Battle for Global Empire and the End of the Ancient World. Abacus. pp. 381–382. ISBN 978-0-349-12235-9.
^ a b "Hadith - Book of Judgments (Ahkaam) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.
^ K. Y. Blankinship, The History of al-Tabari: vol. XI, p. 145-153.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 5, p. 119.
^ Modern Islamic political thought, Hamid Enayat, p. 6.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 5, p. 130.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 5, p. 135.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 5, p. 140.
^ Al-Buraey, Muhammad (2002). Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective. Routledge. pp. 248–249. ISBN 978-0-7103-0333-2.
^ Essid, Yassine (1995). A Critique of the Origins of Islamic Economic Thought. Brill. pp. 24, 67. ISBN 978-90-04-10079-4.
^ "The Precious Pearls" by Muhammad Ayub Sipra, Darussalam publishers and distributors, 2002, p. 57.
^ "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 2".
^ Koehler, Benedikt (2014-06-17). Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism. Lexington Books. p. 78. ISBN 9780739188835.
^ "History Of Science And Technology In Islam". History-science-technology.com. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
^ Giorgio Levi Della Vida and Michael Bonner, Encyclopaedia of Islam, and Madelung, p. 74.
^ Numani, Shibli; Numani, Muhammad Shibli (2004-11-06). Umar: Makers of Islamic Civilization. I.B.Tauris. pp. 44–45. ISBN 9781850436706.
^ Haykal, 1944. Chapter 21.
^ Ahmad, Abdul Basit (6 September 2017). "Umar bin Al Khattab - The Second Caliph of Islam". Darussalam – via Google Books.
^ Khālid, Khālid Muḥammad (1 February 2005). "Men Around the Messenger". The Other Press – via Google Books.
^ "The Living Thoughts of the Prophet Muhammad". google.co.uk.
^ Al-Buraey, Muhammad (6 September 1985). "Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective". KPI – via Google Books.
^ "Madinah Peace Treaty". scribd.com.
^ electricpulp.com. "ABŪ LOʾLOʾA – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
^ "Khalifa Umar bin al-Khattab – Death of Umar". Retrieved 2015-01-19.
^ a b Haykal, 1944. Chapter "Death of Umar".
^ "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 2". archive.org.
^ "Hadith - Book of Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah) - Sunan Abi Dawud - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.
^ "Umar I | Muslim caliph". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
^ "Umar ibn al-Khattab". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
^ Crawford, Peter (2013-07-16). The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam. Pen and Sword. p. 119. ISBN 9781473828650.
^ Ramadani, Veland; Dana, Léo-Paul; Gërguri-Rashiti, Shqipe; Ratten, Vanessa (2016-09-02). Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context. Springer. p. 27. ISBN 9783319396798.
^ "History of al-Tabari Vol. 15, The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of 'Uthman A.D. 644-656/A.H. 24-35". SUNY Press. 16 June 2015 – via Google Books.
^ Jr, Arthur Goldschmidt; Boum, Aomar (2015-07-07). A Concise History of the Middle East. Avalon Publishing. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780813349633.
^ a b "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 2".
^ "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab: His Life and Times, Volume 1". archive.org.
^ as-Suyuti, The History of the Khalifas Who Took the Right Way, p. 112.
^ Momen, Moojan (1985). An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5.
^ The Conference of Baghdad's Ulema. p. 45.
^ Walbridge, Linda S. (2001-08-30). The Most Learned of the Shiʻa: The Institution of the Marjaʻ Taqlid. Oxford University Press. p. 211. ISBN 9780195137996.
^ "تدلیس شبکه وهابی در سخنان آقای محمد حسین فضل الله". آپارات.
^ "شایعات - کلیپ رد هجوم به منزل حضرت زهرا(س)، توسط آیت الله سید حسین فضل الله ! / شایعه 0717". shayeaat.ir.
^ Ruthven, Malise (2006-04-20). Islam in the World. Oxford University Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780195305036.
^ Alī Shīrī (1991). Kitāb al-Futūḥ by Aḥmad ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. 8 (1st ed.). Lebanon: Dār al-ḍwāʾ. p. 289.
^ The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol. 16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p. 243. "They were called "Rafida by the followers of Zayd"
"Omar" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.


text:
· Posted on Oct 11, 2022
Lizzo Got Real About The Impact Critics Have Had On Her After Saying She Makes Music For White People
Black artists have had their Blackness questioned for years, and now Lizzo is speaking out.
by Morgan Murrell
When it comes to Black artistry, entertainers are often judged by their authenticity and how that correlates to their Blackness...or what the public perceives as Blackness at the time.
Despite Black musicians playing a pivotal role in the creation of today's most popular music genres, many Black artists have faced criticism for making white music — everyone from Whitney Houston to Beyoncé and, most recently, Lizzo.
Axelle / FilmMagic / Getty Images
During a recent interview with Vanity Fair, Lizzo explained why "making music for white people" was the "biggest criticism" she's received.
Aaron J. Thornton / Getty Images
"When Black people see a lot of white people in the audience, they think, 'Well this isn't for me, this is for them,'" Lizzo said. "The thing is, when a Black artist reaches a certain level of popularity, it's going to be a predominantly white crowd."
Michael Loccisano / Getty Images for MTV/Paramount Global
The Emmy Award winner used popular artists like Tina Turner, Diana Ross, and rappers as examples to stress her point about the makeup of an audience once a certain level of fame is reached.
Evans Vestal Ward / NBC via Getty Images
"I am not making music for white people," Lizzo continued. "I am a Black woman, I am making music from my Black experience, for me to heal myself [from] the experience we call life."
Aaron J. Thornton / Getty Images for BET
"If I can help other people, hell yeah. Because we are the most marginalized and neglected people in this country. We need self-love and self-love anthems more than anybody."
Kevin Mazur / Getty Images for Global Citizen
"So, am I making music for that girl right there who looks like me, who grew up in a city where she was under-appreciated and picked on and made to feel un-beautiful? Yes."
Nbc / Nathan Congleton / NBC via Getty Images
She went on to say that as a Black musician it "blows [her] mind" how some people believe she isn't creating music from a Black perspective when she's lived that perspective day in and day out.
Amy Sussman / Getty Images for dcp
The constant online criticism and comparisons truly affected Lizzo for a while, until other Black women would introduce themselves, explaining how much Lizzo had inspired them.
Mega / GC Images / Getty Images
And it just goes to show that it's perfectly fine to not like or relate to someone's music, but not all criticism is constructive.
To learn more about Lizzo, check out her full Vanity Fair interview.


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Arab American performers, including show director Marina Khreizat (in purple dress), wave to the crowd at this year's show. Photo courtesy of Marina Khreizat
Sellout crowd celebrates culture, heritage of all 22 Arab countries at Arab Xpressions event in Ann Arbor
Posted: Saturday 02.29.2020 6:17 pm Nick Meyer Art & Culture, COMMUNITY, Local
ANN ARBOR — Nearly 1,400 students, faculty and community members attended the 2020 edition of Arab Xpressions on Saturday, February 15, at the Power Center for the Performing Arts here, supporting the University of Michigan's annual showcase of Arabic culture.
The event, organized by the Arab Student Association, featured a wide variety of cultural performances, special guests and more.
"I think this year's show was very successful," said Arab Xpressions Director Marina Khreizat, a sophomore and Lebanese American. "It was a full house and overall it seemed like everyone enjoyed the show. The demand for the show this year was high."
The cultures of all 22 Arab countries were represented as part of the show, which included everything from traditional dabke dance performances and belly dances to North African-style musical performances.
Khreizat first learned about the show through the SALAM (Successful Arab Leaders at Michigan) welcome program upon her arrival on campus, which is a partnership between the ASA and the Office of Multi-Ethnic Students Affairs (MESA). Lasting four days, its aim is to help incoming and transfer students to build community, learn about campus resources and to connect with one another for learning about the student experience from an Arab perspective.
The program is open to all university students interested in understanding and supporting the Arab community on campus.
"It inspired me to want to be a leader on campus representing the Arab community," Khreizat said.
During her time on campus, she and her fellow students have realized just how diverse Arabs really are, both at home and abroad. Students come to the university from places as close as Dearborn and Ann Arbor, to all the way across the world.
It all came together on the big stage for Saturday night's show.
"People come to Michigan and realize how broad the Arab identity is; it opens up a lot of people's minds to understand it is very diverse and each individual has a unique and different perspective."
El-Sayed among Arab Xpressions guests
At the event, hosts Jad Elharake and Haleemah Aqel introduced the evening's acts, while also voicing their appreciation of the passage of the #UMDivest resolution by the university's Central Student Government for the first time in history, according to a report from The Michigan Daily.
The resolution passed in November, during which time the student government called for the University's Board of Regents to investigate three companies allegedly involved in human rights violations toward Palestinians.
"After 15 years and 11 attempts, University of Michigan's Central Student Government finally passes a resolution to investigate into companies who fund governments that commit human rights violations," Elharake said, according to the Daily. "And it just so happens to be that it is against the Palestinian community."
Other segments included video skits poking fun at Arab culture and the more humorous aspects of being Arab at the University of Michigan. Poetry and student talents were also featured.
Abdul El-Sayed, former executive director of the Detroit Health Department and a 2018 Democratic gubernatorial candidate, also spoke.
"It is such a privilege to watch how this Arab American community has blossomed," El-Sayed said. "So much of what brings us to the table today is asking about how it is that we can contribute to the social fabric that makes us Americans to begin with."
A fashion show featuring clothing from all 22 Arab countries took place at the conclusion of the event.
"People were really blown away at how diverse the Arab culture is," Khreizat said about the show.
University to host Arab National Conference
In addition to Arab Xpressions, the Arab Student Association is hosting the 2020 Arab National Conference from March 20-22 on campus.
Guests are expected to include U.S. Rep. Rashida Tlaib (D-Detroit), musical artist Omar Offendum, and Arab American Institute Executive Director Maya Berry. The conference is open to Arab college students across the country.
More information can be found at https://www.ancumich.com.
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Feb. 13 (UPI) — Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Brock Long announced his resignation Wednesday, saying he wishes to spend more time with his family.
Long leaves after working two years in the Trump administration. During that time, he said he oversaw the agency's response to more than 220 declared disasters, including 2017's devastating hurricane season.
Long said Peter Gaynor will take over as acting FEMA administrator upon his departure.
Last year, Long came under scrutiny for his unofficial use of government vehicles. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said he used the vehicles to travel from home to work — 6 hours between North Carolina and Washington, D.C. — without authorization.
He was ordered to reimburse the government for their use.


As grandmas - or grandpas, moms or dads - you know when your grandchildren/children are sick your heart aches for them. My dear, sweet little grandson, Caleb has pneumonia (he will be one year old this month). As God brings him to your mind in the coming days, I'd most sincerely appreciate your prayers for him. Thank you!


The two houses have a spacious sun terrace. The large shared garden also has several terraces around the swimming pool (9.00 x 4.00 m) - perfect for cooling down on hot summer days. The garden also has a large barbeque.
Both houses are close to each other, but quite different.
Take the time for a close view at our images gallery and who knows, you may soon be taking a fantastic holiday in Le Travers.
You will be renting these holiday houses directly from the proprietor. There are no intermediaries or a letting office !


text:
Q: How to Zip a given set of files in java I want to Zip a set of files given the location of the set of files.
Send that Zip file to the below-mentioned method
private StreamingOutput buildStreamingOutput(final File pdfFile, final boolean isGeneratedPdf) {
        return new StreamingOutput() {
            @Override
            public void write(OutputStream output) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
                java.nio.file.Path path = Paths.get(pdfFile.getAbsolutePath());
                byte[] data = CryptoUtil.decryptAsByteArray(path);
                output.write(data);
                output.flush();
                output.close();
                if (isGeneratedPdf) {
                    pdfFile.delete();
                }
            }
        };
    }

Is it possible to zip files and send that Zip file as file(File.class)

A: May It is useful to you.
Use Below Code :
         public void buildStreamingOutput(HttpServletResponse
              resp,java.util.List<File> files) throws IOException {
              ZipOutputStream  zipOutstream = new
              ZipOutputStream(resp.getOutputStream());
           resp.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
           resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=
        {zipfilename.zip}");

           for(File file : files) {
               appendFileToZIP(zipOutstream,file);
           }

       }

       public void appendFileToZIP( ZipOutputStream _zipOutstream  ,final File pdfFile) {

            int nlength = 0;

            FileInputStream fis = null;
            DataInputStream disObj = null;

            try {

                if (!pdfFile.exists()) {
                    System.out.println(" file does not exists "+pdfFile.getName());
                    return;
                }

                fis = new FileInputStream(pdfFile);

                _zipOutstream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(pdfFile.getName()));

                disObj = new DataInputStream(fis);

                byte[] bbuf = new byte[1024];
                while ((disObj != null) && ((nlength = disObj.read(bbuf)) != -1)) {
                    _zipOutstream.write(bbuf, 0, nlength);
                }
                _zipOutstream.flush();

            } catch (IOException e) {

            } catch (Exception e) {

            } finally {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {

                }

            }
        }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to the Lake Bottom!!
Lake Bottom Cattle Company is situated on the shores of Smoky Lake just 24 km from the Town of Smoky Lake, Alberta, and about 1 hr NE of Edmonton. Adding Simmental to our cattle operation in 2005 has turned into our focus with strong, productive, eye-appealing cattle.
We are proud of our cattle products that have been built with solid herdsires like Czech Mate bred "Unique", a former Bull Spectrum high seller; and our latest addition from Wheatland Cattle Co.. We search for bulls that will build us our foundation females, and animals that we are very proud to call our own.
We strive to breed cows that look like purebreds 365 days a year.


This is Google's cache of http://silvercreek.wclark.k12.in.us/studentwork/Soldiers/Tanner/index.htm. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on Jan 21, 2017 00:53:17 GMT.
I can remember that day like it was yesterday. It?s actually one of my fondest memories. It was my fifth birthday; the first time I had ever shot a gun. In the evening after my dad finished the work on the farm he called me out back. The summer sun was just setting and it had started to cool off. My hands were sweating more from nervousness than the heat. My dad held the shotgun and let me pull the trigger. I remember the sound that seemed to crack the heat that hung in the air, and the excitement that was surging through my veins. As I grew to be a man, that was also the first gun I ever owned. My father passed it on to me and I plan to pass it on to a son of my own one day.
I was quickly brought back to reality when bullets zipped past the heads of men in my company. A bullet hit a tree that I was standing near. Along with the rest of the men in my company, we began firing back. There wasn?t serious fighting going on then, only skirmishes breaking out here and there.
When I sat daydreaming on that battlefield, I did not know that that would come to be my last battle as a soldier for the Union Army. I woke the morning of March 19 and instantly heard birds chirping. I had a queer feeling in my stomach as I inhaled and smelled the scent of spring creeping into the air. The ground was a bit soggy but the day seemed oddly peaceful. The peace would be broken later in the battle that is now known as Bentonville. In the next two days we would keep Johnston?s army from coming back across the bridge at Bentonville, which eventually resulted in a Union victory. Johnston would surrender his army one short month later. For me everything seems to end as quickly as it begins.
After Bentonville, my regiment, the 38th from Indiana, fought a battle in Franklin, Tennessee, then marched on to Goldsboro and occupied it. Then in the beginning of April, we marched to Raleigh and slowly started making our way home. We made our way to Washington D.C. through Richmond and by June we were in Louisville. I was mustered out on June 18, 1865 after three years and exactly nine months of service in the Union Army. I can now say I am a different man; a veteran. After I realized what an important part of history I will prove to be, I decided to write down what I can remember of my experience.
But first, let me tell you a little bit about me. My name is William Marshell and I was born in 1825 in Utica, Indiana. I was the first child to my parents, Ira and Sera Marshell. They owned a farm in Utica and after me had seven more children, five boys and two girls. Jacob, Samuel, and Quinton were soon born after me and then Elizabeth came along. John and Marcus are twins, they were born next, and then baby Joanne. When I was about fifteen, typhoid fever was coming through all the farms around us and it didn?t take long for it to hit us. It took baby Joanne and my dear mother. Elizabeth was left as the woman of the house and since I was the oldest, I went to live on a farm in Charlestown, Indiana to help make a life for myself and ease the tension at home.
It was very hard for me to depart from a home that I had grown so used to, even though I didn?t show it much. I love my family very much and it was almost frightening for me to move away and live with a complete stranger at fifteen. I had such good memories of growing up in our little log cabin; I didn?t even know when I would see my father or brothers and sisters again. I could only pray that their hardships would soon end and I could do well in whatever I was supposed to do. I didn?t know what a lime kiln hand did or if I could do the job well. I really didn?t want to disappoint Mr. Robinson since he was being kind enough to let me live and work on his farm.
Jacob Robinson owned and worked on the farm and another fellow named James Morrow lived and worked there, too. I worked as a lime kiln hand, which, in case you didn?t know, means I worked as a pottery hand. I lived and worked there twenty-one years before I left to join the army. Jacob was nothing but good to me the whole time I lived with him. I would say he is as close to me as any brother I?ve ever had. I was glad to see Jacob meet a really nice girl about three years before I left. Her name is Cinderella and she is just as nice as Jacob, and a real pretty girl, too. They got married a year or so after they met and I expect they have a few kids by now.
When I heard that they were looking for people to join the Union army I thought about joining for a while. After some serious contemplation, I figured I didn?t have anything to lose so I went down and joined as soon as I had made up my mind. I didn?t want to be changing my mind back and forth. Once I made a decision I was going to make it final and that was that. Even though most people thought the war would be over soon anyway, I considered the fact that this war could prove to be a little more severe than small skirmishes here and there. I never dreamed how severe and somber this war would prove to be.
I mustered into Company H of the 38th regiment in the Union army on September 18, 1861. I became the wagoner and once again in my life I found myself with a job that was completely foreign. I wasn?t quite sure what a wagoner did and I didn?t really know if I?d be good at it or not. We ended up in Elizabethtown, Kentucky a few days later. I couldn?t help but think about my own sister, Elizabeth, and what my family was doing right now. I wondered what kind of woman Lizzy, as we called her, turned out to be. When I first joined, everything seemed pretty good; we ate well and played card games and such. Everyone was excited about going and killing some Rebels. I didn?t know how I felt about killing anyone but I was excited about helping the Union win an easy victory over the South. Those smelly Rebels were going to catch it from us.
Things soon changed when we got our uniforms and began drilling. To begin, our uniforms were very uncomfortable and it seemed everybody?s uniform seemed to fit a little small here or a little big there. Everybody had a hat that had a small visor, a long coat that had a stand up collar, and another jacket that was called a blouse, and some trousers all in dark blue shades. We were issued shoes that were rough and black and soon earned the name gunboats. We still had a wool flannel shirt to wear, some cotton flannel undershorts, and socks. I thought there was no end to the clothes they would issue us; I wasn?t even sure if I could wear any more clothes. We also had long blue overcoats with a cape but we didn?t wear that much for everyday activities like drilling. All of that was a lot to wear while we marched around all day doing drills that seemed pointless to us. And it was very humid that fall. I must have sweated my whole body weight everyday. We still had our ?bread bags? as we called them to carry. We kept things like our rubber and woolen blankets in them, our cartridge boxes, canteens, and a knapsack among other things; all of this weighed a good forty or fifty pounds.
Our clothing wasn?t even the bad part; we were in for a shock when we started drilling. Our day began at about 5 a.m. when the reveille sounded. We all got up and got dressed and reported for our morning roll call. Usually we could return to our bunks for a moment. We had our breakfast about 5:30 a.m. then we had sick call for anybody that was sick. We soon began our drills that lasted until dinner call, which came at about noon. After our dinner we had a little bit of free time again, but it wasn?t much. Then we had more drilling. In the later afternoon, the companies were dismissed to our quarters again. The men usually did different activities preparing for retreat exercises. Before our exercises though, we had another roll call, an inspection, and a dress parade. Our supper came after retreat exercises. Not long after dusk came tattoo and yet another roll call. We then went to our bunks for the night and the final call of the day was taps. We spent endless days doing the same thing again and again. The days were routine and the drilling took a long time, especially when we first began. I felt those days would never end. Sometimes at the end of the day I was so frustrated and exhausted, all I felt like doing was crying. But that?s pretty silly, a grown man crying.
Besides all of our drilling, I still had my duties as a wagoner. The wagon I drove was filled with food and pulled by two mules. I think the mules that pulled my wagon are the farthest thing away from trained there is. They stopped when they wanted to and went when they wanted to. Sometimes I thought they were just trying to aggravate me. I remember one time in particular, my company was marching and my mules just stopped, and it took darn near a half an hour to get them moving again. That?s when I decided my mules needed names. I named the mule on the right Tricky and the one on the left I named Schemer. The one on the left got Schemer because I think it was mostly him that came up with the plans to annoy me.
After a full year of being soldiers in the Union army, Company H saw their first battle at Perryville on October 8, 1862. As the wagoner I drove a wagon filled with food, but I still fought in battles. My emotions were mixed. I was very excited but I was also very nervous. I hoped that no one in my company got killed; but even more so, I hoped that I didn?t get hurt or killed. In Perryville we skirmished in open fields before dusk and during the night the old snake Bragg retreated with his troops all the way into Tennessee. The Union won and then controlled Kentucky, which was very important to control since it was on the border of the Confederacy and the Union.
After a full year in the army, I had made a few close friends, which I found hard to do because I tended to be quieter than the rest of the men. I befriended a nice man named Quinton who I had grown very close to over the course of that year. I think his name drew me to him, reminding me of my brother, but he proved to be a fine gentleman. Another man name Robert was very kind and was the kind of person that always had a joke and could make almost anyone smile.
After Perryville, our next battle was Stones River that lasted from December 31 of 1862 to January 2 of 1863. Stones River was like Hell on earth for me. None of the men in my company had ever seen such intense fighting. It was later said that Stones River was the bloodiest single day in Tennessee. There was dense forest and open field to fight in; I?m not sure which was worse. The forest was filled with limestone chunks protruding from the ground that made travel through the forest almost impossible. In the open fields though, you were almost like a sitting duck. Blood and dead men lay everywhere and the sound of gunfire and artillery was deafening. Thousands were killed, I heard later that each side lost one third of their men. Through three days the Union kept their ground and drove out Bragg again. We all felt very proud after that but I?ll probably never forget those three days for the rest of my entire life.
Another memory I have from that dag on battle is from when the fighting was over. When we were ready to move on my mules were not anywhere to be found. After some searching I found Tricky but I had to look for nearly a whole hour before I found Schemer in some bushes. I could almost swear that he was hiding from me.
All through the spring and into June, the 38th stayed in Murfreesboro. The battle of Hoover?s Gap came in late June from the twenty-fourth to the twenty-sixth. The battle at Hoover?s Gap was less intense than Stones River. At least that brought relief to our men. The weather was warm and once again we defeated the Southern army. We were all starting to feel like a unit and not just individual people fighting. We were fighting for the Union and for each other.
The battle of Chickamauga that came in mid September of 1863 was also a severe battle. The battle began in the morning and as we stood in line, I smelled the pine and watched the sunlight hit the fog between the trees and wondered if I would make it to see another sunrise. I remember before fighting began, I told Robert and Quinton that I loved them. I don?t recall the last time before then that I had told somebody I loved them. The fighting proved to be exhausting and frightening. After three days of battle, the Confederates claimed the victory. I believe we could have actually won that battle though. Rosecrans was told there was a gap in our lines, so when reinforcements were sent to fill the gap, an actual gap was created, and at the exact time, by chance, the Rebels charged and broke our lines. It seemed to me such a pity the way everything was laid out that day, even though I was glad my life was spared. I think our morale took a whipping after Chickamauga.
A few months later we found ourselves fighting yet again. The only food in camp was hardtack and there wasn?t much of that. We were under constant rebel fire and we barely had the energy to fight them off. In late November Sherman and Grant finally reinforced the Union with supplies and more men. Reinforcements were just what we needed. We swept through and captured Orchard Knob and Lookout Mountain and on November 25 we took the Confederates position on Missionary Ridge. Taking Lookout Mountain was a very hard task. The climb up was incredibly steep and we were being fired at the whole time. The Rebels were at a complete advantage. I felt like all of my strength was gone after the intense climb up the mountain but there was still the battle waiting for us when we reached the top. I decided though, that if I made it all the way to the top, I was going to stay and I fought with every bit of energy I had left. Missionary Ridge was another exhausting battle. It was not quite a mountain, but at least a steep mound, and there were trenches dug in the side where the Confederates were waiting for us. The fighting was severe yet again and even though our morale was high, the Confederates had an edge over us. The Union was unstoppable though. We drove out the Rebels and took our rightful position on Missionary Ridge.
We now held the power of Chattanooga, which was a gateway. The fighting was tough but it was worth our struggle. Our morale was boosted and we were almost eager to fight again.
We stayed in Tennessee until February of 1864 and after a demonstration at Rocky Faced Ridge we battled at Resaca in mid May. I don?t remember much about Resaca except during the fight I happened to look down and see some odd plants growing I?d never seen before. It was about three days of fighting that didn?t get us much of anywhere except we forced the Confederate army to quit before us so I think we won.
After Resaca we had some battles I don?t remember too well. They are a bit of a blur in my mind. The next battle I actually recall was Pine Hill. Pine Hill actually lasted quite a while, nearly a month. Instead of attacking the Confederates head on, which would kill too many of us, I guess you could say we fought little by little but eventually pushed Johnston?s army out of the Marietta area by early July. I was glad we weren?t in battle on the Fourth of July. I always liked that holiday, not sure why, I just always liked it.
Kennesaw Mountain was our next battle and it was an upset for the rest of the men and myself. We fought what seemed like a hopeless battle. The enemy was dug in and we were being picked off like flies. The North lost many men. The weather was hot and I wished that I was back home. I thought about how long I had been marching around the South and I then wished that I had a wife and family of my own I could return home to. I was feeling lonely and wondered why I was still alive after so many good men in my company had lost their lives. I was feeling guilty for having my life when so many others didn?t.
In late July, the Union began to overpower Atlanta in the battle of Peachtree Creek. I think that it was possible for the Rebels to have won, but the North wanted the victory more. It was hot, muggy, almost intolerable heat but we lasted through the fighting. We held our ground and drove off the Rebels. That seemed to be what the Union needed to raise our spirits.
In late August and early September the battle of Jonesborough came about. The Union won again and the Confederates were getting the message we weren?t backing down. The Rebels were evacuating Atlanta and the surrounding areas and I was glad. I thought if the fighting didn?t end soon, I would surely die of the heat.
The next battle was Bentonville, and after almost four years suddenly I was getting what I had been praying for the whole time. The end of the war was drawing near and I didn?t even realize it at the time.
After Bentonville we fought a battle in Franklin, Tennessee. The weather had a chill and the fighting was strenuous. We were fighting in mostly mud; there was hardly any solid ground. And through the night the mud would frost. It was one of the biggest darn messes I ever saw. I also heard after the battle of a son who was returning home only to get wounded and die in that battle. After I got to thinking about that, that really depressed me.
I would say that since I have been mustered out I am a very different person. I encountered many hardships during my war experience. I also witnessed very grave and very grotesque circumstances at times. But, given the chance, I would change nothing of my past. Being in the army finally gave me something to be proud of myself for; not to mention the comradery I found in the men in my company. All of my life I have worked to prove myself to other men and to support myself in life. Finally I have proved to myself that I am a strong person and I can accomplish many things in my life to come.
His memoir says his parents are Ira and Sera Marshell.


Lake Jeanette is a man-made Lake built in 1940 by Cone Mills. It is a private lake owned by Lenoir Warehouse Group LLC. The Lake Jeanette Homeowners Association leases the lake tract (lake and buffer) from Lenoir Warehouse Group LLC for use by Lake Jeanette homeowners and their guests.
Lake Jeanette covers approximately 270 acres with a shoreline of 5 miles and is 60 feet deep in some locations. There is a 50 foot buffer around the perimeter of the Lake known as the Buffer Zone. This buffer is to remain natural and unimproved and is regulated by City, County, State and Federal ordinances and laws relating to Riparian Buffers. Lake Jeanette has an earthen dam and spillway and waters from the lake flow over the spillway into Lake Townsend (City drinking water supply).
We take great pride at Lake Jeanette in working together to maintain the Lake's Buffer in order to preserve water quality and protect plants and wildlife. Bass, Crappie, Bluegill, Catfish, Carp, Shad and Bodie Bass thrive in our lake. The largest catch on record is an 11 pound Bass. Lake Jeanette Association, Inc. (better known as the Master Development) is comprised of sixteen Villages built around the Lake. There are 1,165 total lots - 234 are lake view and 931 are non-lake view. Seven Miles of Natural Walking Trails and sidewalks abound throughout our Villages. Two pedestrian crossing bridges allow walkers to traverse over Lake Jeanette and 11 village T-docks and gazebos provide an excellent point for fishing or a place to relax and enjoy the scenery. The Lake Jeanette Marina is a private facility for homeowners and their guests and offers a variety of fun and educational events. Lake Jeanette residents also have the opportunity to join the Award Winning Lake Jeanette Swim and Tennis Club at discounted rates. Many other amenities and assets are provided showcasing Lake Jeanette as a welcoming, friendly, fun, and wonderful place to live. Please click on each tab of our website to explore Life at Lake Jeanette.
Roskelly Management Associates provides property and operations management for Lake Jeanette Association, Inc. and LBA Haynes Strand PLLC provides accounting services including HOA dues collections. We are always happy to assist you with any questions. Sign up for news you can use by Joining Our Mailing List.


Not too many homeowners have the extra room available to devote to a shrine to the cinematic arts, but if you happen to be a card-carrying cinephile, then maybe you're willing to give up a home office or finish your basement or attic in order to create a room that delivers the movie-going experience. We are, of course, talking about building a home theater. And lest you think that a flatscreen and some heavy-duty drapes will turn your average room into a home theater, you should know that it takes a lot more to mimic the theater-going experience in the comfort of your own home. Here are just a few design tips that should help to turn your average spare room or basement into an incredible home theater.
Getting started. The first thing you need to do is select a space in your home that is large enough to house a small audience (or at least your family members and a few friends). The ideal spot in most homes is the basement since it's often a large, unused space and it's already darker than the rest of the home due to fewer and smaller windows. An attic space could also suffice, as could a formal living room that most families neither need nor use anymore. In a pinch, an extra bedroom could work, but you won't be screening movies for many viewers, you'll have to limit the size of your screen, and surround sound likely won't work very well. From there you need to consider how to set the mood with plush carpeting and an appropriately dark paint color.
Consider acoustics. The sound is an important part of the movie-going experience and you need to do your best to create the surround sound that theaters are famous for. This is often easily accomplished with kits that provide you with all the necessary speakers and wiring (unless you choose wireless options for ease of installation). However, you might also want to consider adding soundproofing panels to walls to insulate the room, stopping the sound from bouncing and allowing you to crank the volume without disturbing those outside the room.
Consider lighting. You might be more concerned about keeping light out when you're screening films, and you'll find that custom-fitted blackout shades are the way to go, unless you feel like going for all-around drapery to cover windows and walls. As for the lighting inside, recessed cans on a dimmer switch will suffice, although you could also install wall sconces to emulate the look of an actual theater interior.
Proper seating. There are a couple of ways you can go with seating. If you have a lot of room, as with a large, open basement, you could go with rows of recliners (complete with tables and cup holders in between) that are made for modern home theaters. Of if your space is smaller, consider looking for antique theater seats that have been salvaged from older theaters and refurbished. Either way, you should also think about installing a platform for tiered seating.
Review electronics. When it comes to any home theater, the screen is the piece de résistance. So you'll want to consider both wall-mounted, flatscreen monitors and projectors paired with pull-down screens, keeping your space in mind, before you make your purchase. And when you use an experienced electronics dealer like Firmus Electronics, LLC, you'll not only get the advice you need to choose suitable electronics, but also a price you can afford and complete installation of your products.