text:
Blog Honey Costa Rica
Honey bees>
Life Cycle of Honey Bees
Mariola Bee
Like every other insect, bees also undergo with a metamorphosis process. There are four stages of Honey bees' life: Egg, Larva, pupa, and Adult. All of these life stages keep happening throughout the year. A queen bee lays fertilized and unfertilized eggs and put single egg into each cell of a honeycomb.
The egg hatches after 3 days into a larva fed by the bees who take care of the inside of the colony. The larvae are fed with brood food – bee bread (royal jelly to potential queen bee) – 150-800 times a day which declines after three days. After feeding larva for about a week, bees seal them back in their cells. Then the second stage begins and larva develops into pupal. The process is so fast that within a week a full-grown adult bee comes out from the cell itself. Bees draw a specific area of the comb for young bees which is also called as brood. The rest of the comb is used for filling pollen and honey storage.
Worker bees maintain the larvae section of the hive. They clean and maintain the hive and feed the larvae on their first ten days of their lives. Right after this, they start the building process, they build more comb cells. The new worker bees collect pollen and nectar from the older workers and stock it inside the comb cells. After passing of 20 days, they leave the hive and become the forager for rest of their lives. They also help in secreting beeswax used for sealing the combs and guard it from the intruders. In summers, they may live up to 6 or 7 weeks but in colder seasons they may live 4 to 6 months.
The queen bee has a fully developed reproductive tract larger than the drone and worker bees. It has a larger and round abdomen hence can be identified easily in the swarm. The queen bee is the most fertile and productive of all. In first stage of development, all larva is fed with royal jelly for three days until potential queen bees are recognized who are continued to fed with royal jelly-rich protein diet. They could live for up to 2 to 4 years.
The drone bees are male bees who fertilize a new queen. Neither they don't have ovipositors and stingers nor they forage for nectar or pollen. Many drones will mate with a queen and die after mating. Since they cannot work, maintain hive, and produce honey, they are sometimes expelled from the hive before winter. They may live for a few weeks to 4 months. This is how the life cycle of beehive maintains with all three categories of bees working together.
Classification of honey by processing
The Biology of Stingless Bees
Life of honeybees inside the beehive
Stingless bee
Honey used in Chinese Medicine
AARP/Blue Zone Vitality Project
Formation of honey
Does having a purpose to life help you live longer?
Copyright 2019 - Honey Costa Rica
Honey Costa Rica
We bring from a Costa Rica blue zone MIEL DE MARIOLA considered exceptional for its benefits and therapeutic qualities, curing besides preventing infection and disease. The Maya, Aztec and Pre-Columbian cultures of Central and South America over 5,000 years ago were the first to raise the stingless bees, in turn, these ancient cultures discovered the medicinal uses of MIEL DE MARIOLA (native stingless bee honey).
Honey of uncommon flavor and strong antibiotic activity.We appreciate as these tiny creatures shine in the sunlight and work tirelessly to create sweetness.
Want to buy some Mariola products? Write us here!


text:
IOR/L/MIL/15/22
59 - British Library: Asian and African Studies
IOR - India Office Records
IOR/059/IOR/L/MIL - Records of the Military Department
IOR/L/MIL/15 - British Army Records
Catalogue description British Army in India: Burial returns of British officers and other ranks (including those in civil employ) in India
This record is held by British Library: Asian and African Studies
Details of IOR/L/MIL/15/22
British Army in India: Burial returns of British officers and other ranks (including those in civil employ) in India
arranged chronologically under the following headings - Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, Bengal, Punjab, Military Cemetries, Burma
British Library: Asian and African Studies, not available at The National Archives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A development of 16 new build houses set in the heart of Perthshire just 2 miles from the popular town of Pitlochry.
Balchandy House Type. Mix of contemporary and traditional styles.
Energy efficient design with high standards of insulation. Developer participating in the help to buy scheme.


text:
Small Wonder
By Dean Karnazes
This year marked the 100th running of the historic Dipsea Race. The 7.4-mile Dipsea course is a challenging one, beginning with a brutally steep climb up 688 stairs and only getting progressively more grueling and technically challenging from that point forward. The footing for most of the way is a tricky mix of gravel, dirt, rickety wooden stairs, and rocks. There is little level terrain the entire distance.
And the winner of this year's 100th Year Anniversary Race was…drum roll, please…an 8-year-old fourth-grade student. No, that's not a typo. In a sprint finish, Reilly Johnson edged out the second place finisher by eight seconds, 68-year old
grandmother of four, Melody-Ann Schultz (that's not a typo, either).
The Dipsea is a handicapped race and both Reilly and Melody started twenty-five minutes ahead of fourth place finisher, and overall time winner, 24-year-old Alexander Varner.
I've had the pleasure of interviewing Reilly's mom, Wendy. Her responses to my questions are incredibly moving. Here's what Wendy had to say about her daughter:
Q: You must be incredibly proud. Tell us about the experience.
A: Indeed, I am incredibly proud. Truth be told, I am in awe more than anything else. Reilly never really trained for the Dipsea the first two times that she ran it. This year was the first year that she told my husband and me that she wanted to actually prepare for the race. Having done her third grade report on the Dipsea the year prior, she knew a lot about the race. Reilly's objective, when she set out running once weekly--yes, just once weekly--in mid-January, was hopefully to beat her dad and maybe, just maybe, secure the coveted Black Shirt for finishing in the top 30. We supported her, and she gradually increased the intensity, frequency, and duration of her workouts, never exceeding four days of running a week and only running 15-20 miles per week at her peak. Notably, she was not doing any other activities after school. As parents, we tend to favor under-scheduling our kids versus over-scheduling them, partially to maintain my sanity, partially to provide them with ample time to just play outside and invent games like my sister and I did as kids (we seemed to turn out okay), and simply to unwind. Who would have thought that by running only 15-20 miles per week at the peak of her running, under the amateur guidance of her parents, she would have pulled off beating her dad, her personal hero, and everyone else? The #1 Black Shirt, the new trophy, the youngest to ever win, her name on the stairs, being swept up in the arms of the all time great Sal Vasquez in the presence of all the Dipsea greats including the amazing Melody Anne Schultz, all on the 100th running, after falling AND throwing up proceeding the steep climb up Cardiac? Who would have thought? As I said, I am, and forever will be, in awe. I had told her that with hard work, determination, focus and a belief in herself that anything was possible. Now she can truly internalize that fact and draw upon it in the future.
Q: Were you concerned about her before the race?
A: For the first time, I was not concerned in the least about Reilly during the race. In the past, I would worry about her on the more technical descents. However this year, thanks to advice from last year's winner Brian Pilcher, Reilly worked on some of the more difficult sections of the trail repeatedly with her dad. I knew, on race day, that Reilly had the confidence and ability to nail those sections. Naturally, anything can happen on race day, but I felt far less anxious than in years past. She had done her homework, so to speak.
Q: Were you relieved to see her finish?
A: I was relieved to see her finish last year. This year, I was could barely contain my pride and overall joy. I knew she had the potential to make the top 10, possibly even to win.
Seeing her bobbing little pigtails in the lead in the final stretch brought tears to my eyes. She had done it. She had believed in herself--she had believed that winning was a possibility--and she, and she alone, had made it happen. To say that I was delighted to see her win is an understatement. She took 15 minutes off her time from last year. She trained diligently, she pulled herself together after tripping and throwing up--something few adults could probably pull off--and she led almost the entire race. What a display of tremendous tenacity and character, especially for an 8-year-old. She is such an old soul in many ways that it is easy to forget, as a parent, that she is just eight.
Reilly Johnson. Remember that name. I get the feeling you'll be hearing it more often in the years to come.
Retro Running Shoe Highlights
The small stuff
Wonder Boy
Newbie: Small Miracles


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Q: Why am I getting a "should be a lambda expression" error on this code? I am trying to create my own mapcar function in CLISP, without using mapcar. Every time I run my code, I get an error saying "... should be a lambda expression." I cannot figure out why I am getting this error. Here is the code I am trying to run:
(defun my-map (f list)
   (if (not(NULL list))
      ((funcall f (car(list)))
        my-map (f (cdr(list))))))

If someone can tell me why I am getting this error, and if you see any additional errors, I would appreciate it. I am a beginner at CLISP.

A: Common Lisp function call looks like this:
(operator operands ...)

Unlike Scheme CL is a lisp2 which means the operator needs to be an identifier or a lambda form. Nothing else is allowed. In your code:
; <- operator ----------> <-- operands ... -->
((funcall f (car (list))) my-map (f (cdr (list))))

So there you have it. (funcall f (car (list))) is not an identifier or a lambda form.
Usually if you are making a map you would cons the result of calling the function on the first element with the recursion with the rest of the list.

A: You cannot make your return list by just putting a parenthesis in front of what goes in it; the interpreter thinks you are making a function call, which is why it is trying to interpret that expression as a function.  Instead, you need a function that returns a list with the result of calling f onto the head on the list you get by your recursive call.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tasks, People, Notes and more —— all from a single endpoint.
"Microsoft Graph (previously called Office 365 unified API) exposes multiple APIs from Microsoft cloud services through a single REST API endpoint (https://graph.microsoft.com). Using the Microsoft Graph, you can turn formerly difficult or complex queries into simple navigations."


Ludington bed and breakfast travel guide for romantic, historic and adventure b&b's. Browse through the iLoveInns.com database of Ludington, Michigan bed and breakfasts and country inns to find detailed listings that include room rates, special deals and area activities. You can click on the 'check rates and availability' button to contact the innkeeper.
There is only one ultimate reason why tourists keep coming back to Ludington, Michigan -- the beautiful lake beaches! Ludington is the home of several historic lighthouses, sandy beaches, and the Ludington State Park that is a piece of heaven for couples and families alike. And whether you are traveling to Ludington for business or for pleasure, you will receive no less than world class hospitality and quality service from the innkeepers of Ludington bed and breakfasts. But what sets Ludington apart for couples is its intriguing appeal to the soon to be wedded. Yes, Ludington is a favorite place of engaged couples to make their vows. Ludington offers several halls, photographers, local caterers, florists, and so on. The sun, and the people at Ludington definitely makes it the perfect place to express eternal love.So if you are planning to announce yours any time soon, make Ludington a part of that wonderful memory.


The latest Guess That Movie image will be delayed for 24 hours (along with another "Which movie am I poll?"). Why? Well, my ADSL connection is now down for maintenance until 4am and hence I'm having to resort to just plain old 56k dialup – and for obvious reasons, I don't want to be uploading images or staying online longer than necessary (I pay by the minute for dialup access, ADSL is just one monthly fee).
Snippet: This I don't need….
This morning, when I was getting ready for work and had my "schedule to keep to" I discovered a big (6″ across) spider in the bath tub. So I had to flush that down the plug hole before I could have my shower (and I swear the spiders around here are learning to walk on water – this one just looked like those little fly things you study in school when covering water tension in science). After I got rid of it, I got in my bath/shower to have my shower and I knew I had to make it quick to keep to my carefully worked out schedule (corresponding with the bus time tables etc).
Got in the shower, turned it on and turned it up a bit. Turned it up a bit more as it was really cold. It was on Max! Check the power to it (turned on). Turn the whole thing off and on again. No go. Turn it off. Notice water dripping from the unit and decide it'll be quicker and easier to have a "jug wash" (use jugs of water as a shower).
When I got home, I had a look inside the shower until and it looks like the pump type thing has burst (basically water is coming out where it shouldn't be – right next to the electrical cables – and it looks to be the pump/water heater unit: but I'm no plumber). I've now "made safe" the shower unit (power off and power cable put in place where it can't be accidentally turned on) and it looks like I may have to get a new shower unit. Drat.
Pop down stairs to grab a drink, and the kitchen light is on the blink (a week after I had to replace the bulb in the bathroom). Why is it everything starts failing at once?
Just reading Slashdot about technical support (and some of the calls I have come through – kak!), and this comment with the remark: Although I think the funniest, in terms of "what was this guy smoking?" was this one kid who, during a reboot, felt the burning need to ask: "So, know any good warez sites?"
Reminded me of a telephone call the other week with one of our hosting customers (as well as internet web hosting, the company I work for is also one of the UK leaders in search engine optimization). We had this customer ask "Do you know any good sites about search engine optimization?" – now, if most of you time is spent finding good sites, forums etc etc about your main sector of business would you respond with anything else then "Yes"?
I'm just getting a few emails tricking through my mail system which indicates that my domain has been used in a "joe job" for sending spam. Basically, this means that a spammer has forged one of my domain names for sending out spam to people.
To 'joe' someone is to forge e-mail messages or Usenet postings so as to make another person or domain appear responsible for it. Usually done in order to harass the person or domain being joed. Named for joes.com, an ISP which was damaged as a result of being joed.
At the moment I'm only getting vacation/auto-responder replies, but as soon as I get my hands on the spam and I'm able to trace it to the source…Grr….
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Since 2005, Belgrade-born Roksanda Ilincic has garnered a cult following around to her sumptuous demi-couture -- in particular, the immaculately-tailored eveningwear that continues to make red carpet appearances on the likes of Penelope Cruz and Ginnifer Goodwin.
Recently, Ilincic has been expanding her glamorous contemporary style into casual day pieces and even swimwear -- which may, in fact, be the most wearable we've seen this summer. Too smart to be pigeon-holed as "evening only," we were interested to see how the designer explained the evolution of her brand, and how the original vision has changed since her company's inception.
My spring collection! The line continues to grow each season, and there has certainly been a lot of interest having the Duchess [Catherine Middleton] wear my dress in Los Angeles. It's so exciting.
You're often pegged as an eveningwear designer, but your recent collections seem to have a stronger emphasis on day-appropriate pieces. How do you explain the evolution of your look?
It is a natural evolution. I love designing dresses, and as my brand expands, I need to offer women beautiful choices for day and for evening.
Compare London street style with New York street style.
London, I believe, likes to take a lot more chances in the way a woman puts together their looks of the day. But in comparison, each city has such a strong sense of self -- that the street style is looking at the woman first and then noticing the complete outfit.
What trends are you dying to try for fall?
Texture. My fall collection has the drapery from the silk giving it a gorgeous sheen, but also there are wools in the outwear and even a dress I did with a stiff wool and a bit of Swarovski elements that appear like armor on the bodice.
Give us a tip on how to style one of your spectacular wool-felt caps next season.
Be free. The turbans I created for my resort line help complete the look. They are more for fun, and styling items to round out the bold colors and color-blocking I designed for resort.
Any hints on what we can look forward to in Spring 2012?
You'll have to wait and see. I don't like to give it away until it is on the runway!


In criminal matters, our fees are based on the severity of charge and the amount of time we need to spend on the case. Some clients retain us to take a case to trial. That would demand a higher fee compared to a client who retains us to negotiate a plea at one hearing. In many cases we split fees between pretrial hearings and trial. If the case is not set for trial, that trial fee is not paid. Call us to talk about your case. We are very aware that many people are under serious financial strains in this tough economy. You will find our fees reasonable and tailored to your specific circumstances. Payment plans available.
In personal injury matters, we charge a contingency fee. We get paid a percentage of the recovery.
In bankruptcy matters we charge a flat fee plus a filing fee. Typically, the fee is around $1,500 for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 bankruptcies cost more, but many times require substantially less up front. Please contact us to discuss.
Divorce and family matters are billed out at an hourly rate. We will give you an accurate estimation of cost after speaking with about the facts of your case. This area of law is full of attorneys who will try to make a $3,000.00 divorce into a $50,000.00 divorce. We will help you avoid that pitfall. Call our office to discuss your case.
What are the different areas of law that you handle?
I have been injured in an accident – is there anything I should do?
First of all, contact our office. Investigation is critical in personal injury cases. We want to make contact with any witnesses immediately, particularily if the facts are in dispute. We prefer to speak with the insurance companies on your behalf. The insurance companies are working full time trying to limit their exposure in all cases. For example, in every automobile case, insurance companies record every conversation they have with you and ask leading questions aimed at minimizing your personal injuries. We can speak with them on your behalf and protect you from their tactics. Contact our office, we will go over every aspect of your case including property damage, no-fault claims, liability claims, UM/UIM claims, wage loss, pain and suffering compensaiont, settlements, arbitrations, mediations, and filing lawsuits. Contact a Minnesota personal injury attorney about your case. We have extensive experience handling all types of personal injury cases and we will make sure you maximize your recovery.
I have been accused of a criminal offense, what's next?
If you have been arrested for any criminal offense, you need to speak with an attorney. Do not talk with anyone about that facts of the case, including the police. You want to cooperate with the police if arrested, but first and foremost you want to speak with our office to advise you on how to proceed. We perform pre-charge investigations in addition to representing persons charged with crimes. Many times our investigations lead to charges being dropped before they are filed. Contact Attorney Matthew Olson, a Minneapolis criminal defense attorney, serving the entire State of Minnesota who can protect your interests.
I have a criminal conviction and I need to remove the conviction from my record so I can keep/get a job!
We handle criminal expungements. This area of our practice is very busy in these tough economic times. Minnesota Judges are a fair and compassionate group overall and they understand how a person can benefit from a criminal case expungement. However, the State has an interest to keep that conviction on your record. Speak with Attorney Matthew Olson, Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, about his strategies and arguments that have helped numerous clients receive thier expungements and gain or keep their employment.
I am thinking bankruptcy is my only option – can you help?
We are qualified bankruptcy attorneys who handle Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 petitions. We can analyze your case and recommend a course of action that is best for you.
Is Olson Law Firm right for me?
We will tell you after hearing about your case. The areas of law we practice in typically require legal representation. However, some matters potential clients want to handle themselves and many times we do not disagree. Contact Matt Olson to discuss your case.


Jon currently works in equity research for London-based fund manager Westbeck Capital Management. Previously, Jon spent ten years as a Managing Director at Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co., a leading energy investment and merchant bank, where between 2010 and 2014 he was based in London as head of TPH's international securities business. In addition to his management experience, Jon held roles in institutional sales, capital markets, and research. His energy finance career began in 1994 at Petrie, Parkman & Co., a boutique investment bank based in Denver, Colorado.
Jon's had a lifelong passion for wildlife and wild places, and he and his family are proud to support several conservation-focused organizations. His spare time is generally spent trail running, skiing, and studying economic history. He has a B.A. in Economics from Colorado College and lives in Marin County, CA with his wife, Laura, and two children.
Larry Band is an independent consultant to non-profit organizations on finance and market-related issues in environmental policy, and to impact investors, assisting with identification, diligence, structuring and monitoring of investments. His work has focused on fishery, agriculture and land use issues as well as clean energy and energy efficiency deployment. In addition to his consulting work, Larry serves as senior advisor and board member of the California Fisheries Fund, a revolving loan fund that invests in the fishing industry on the West Coast.
Previously, Larry worked for 20 years at Lehman Brothers as an investment banker advising corporations on a wide variety of strategic and financing transactions. Larry graduated from Stanford University with a B.S in Biology and a B.A. in Political Science, and from Harvard Graduate School of Business with an M.B.A.
Bob is a conservationist with a background in investment banking and financial management. His experience includes serving as Vice Chairman of a venture capital investment company and Chief Financial Officer of a publically held market leading environmental recycling company. Previously he spent 16 years in investment banking where he led waste-to-energy specialty financing groups that helped corporate and municipal clients raise over $8 billion.
He serves on the boards of The International Crane Foundation and EcoHealth Alliance where he is a former Board Chair. He was one of the originators of the EPIC (Environmental Protection through Incentives and Commerce) program at Columbia University and served on the Advisory Board of Columbia's Center for Environmental Research and Conservation. He has also served on the boards of NatureServe, the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health, the Stepping Stones Foundation and the Nereid Boat Club.
Bob has a BA from Harvard College, an LLB from New York University Law School, and an MBA and a Certificate in Conservation Biology from Columbia University.
As Chief Operating Officer for Conservation International, Jennifer Morris provides strategic leadership and is responsible for the alignment of the organization's program and operational functions. Jennifer also leads CI's Ecosystem Finance Division in investing in strategic projects, which support CI's mission of sustainable development. With over 18 years experience in international conservation and economic development, Jennifer has created and implemented cutting-edge initiatives working with diverse partnerships-- from indigenous communities to multinational corporations-- to achieve CI's mission of sustainable development.
Jennifer has lived and worked in Asia, Africa and Latin America and has served on the board of several organizations including the SEED Initiative, the Conservation Finance Alliance and the Natural Capital Coalition. Prior to joining CI in 1997, Jennifer worked in micro-finance at Women's World Banking in New York. She is a frequent presenter at international conferences, corporate events and universities on issues related to conservation finance, corporate engagement and impact investing.
Jennifer holds a Masters in International Economic Development from Columbia University and currently lives in Washington, DC, with her husband and daughter.
Josep is the managing partner of Okavango Capital, a private equity firm focused on companies that help sustainability, climate, and rural development. Josep started his career as a private equity professional in technology VC in Europe (Banco Santander) and the USA (Aurora Funds). Josep joined a buyout team as regional CEO of Weathernews (TSE4825) the world's leading climate-tech company, which saw the firm listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. For the last eleven years, he has worked in Africa, first as a partner with Conservation Capital (conservation finance), and then as a principal and co-owner of Kibo Capital (an SME focused private equity firm). Josep has degrees in Law from the Universidad Internacional de Catalunya and Political Science from the Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, in Spain; and an MBA from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in the USA. When he is not chasing investments, Josep enjoys spending time with his three kids in the Laikipia plateau (Kenya) and the Luangwa valley (Zambia), where his wife runs lion research projects.
John has worked in conservation since 1991 when volunteered on a project in the lush coastal forests in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Conservation became a full-time profession shortly thereafter. John founded Conservation Strategy Fund in 1998 after positions with Resources for the Future, Conservation International and Pacific Forest Trust. He built CSF as an independent technical organization that has helped transform conservation practice by spreading economics skills among conservation professionals worldwide. CSF has provided leadership as the international conservation community has embraced the central role economics plays in successful environmental strategies. In 2012 CSF was recognized with the MacArthur Foundation's Award for Creative and Effective Institutions. After 18 years of leadership, John stepped aside as CSF's president in 2016 to dedicate himself entirely to technical work. John's work has appeared in many CSF publications, in Scientific American, Conservation Biology, Environment, the Journal of Political Economy, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, Megadiversidade and Ambio. He speaks fluent Portuguese and Spanish and terrible French. He loves writing, mountain biking and photography. He holds a Masters in Public Policy from Harvard and an undergraduate degree in English and Spanish from Amherst College. John became an honorary board member of CSF in 2016.


How many times has a coworker done something that affected your level of trust in their abilities? And after, were you ever able to recreate that initial trust? In any relationship, work-related or personal, trust is imperative.
Trust means you feel comfortable delegating a task. Trust means your employees complete tasks without being constantly coached. Trust is a part of data and network security across the board.
In the world of technology, situations and processes change daily. For a business to succeed, all employees must rely on each other to get the job done. Occasionally, things happen to break confidence and expectations go unmet. In the book "Trust and Betrayal in the Workplace: Building Effective Relationships in Your Organization," authors Dennis and Michelle Reina delve into workplace situations that can affect trust, including downsizing, restructuring and even just delegating duties.
According to the authors, any breach of trust on the job can damage the performance of employees. When expectations aren't met on many levels, the results can completely erode confidence. This is why business leaders and managers must try to understand the importance of expectations from their own standpoint, but also from that of their employees. They must also commit to creating an environment where trust is built and sustained on a daily basis.
In our IT Downloads area, an excerpt from the book's chapter 8, "How Trust Is Rebuilt: The Seven Steps for Healing," is available. In this download, the authors discuss examples of "betrayal" on the job and how such a loss in confidence can seriously break down an employee's performance. The section explains how such feelings can erupt, bringing pain and resentment and sometimes a want for revenge.
Observe and acknowledge the act.
Allow yourself to feel the emotions.
Find others to support you during the hard time.
Put the act into a different context.
Take responsibility for your role in the act.
Learn to forgive others—and yourself.
Move beyond the episode and let go of negative feelings.
The excerpt breaks down each step into a section and explains the emotions associated and how it is important to experience the feelings. Moving through these steps will help workers accept disappointing situations and find ways to rebuild confidence with their managers or other coworkers.
Managers and company leaders should learn how to facilitate the healing process among their employees. Helping distraught workers to move through troubling situations and rebuild their trust with each other is an important step to building a successful company.


His New Year Revolution is to build a Dumbozer (bulldozer, if he hadn't been so sleepy).
Me: "No, Geo... That's all done... No more milk."
Geo: "Eehhh... WRY?! Mik! Pleeee!"
Me: "Well, for a start, it's two in the morning and we're having an argument about it. That means you're too big."
I've had to pry the official cowboy gear off of Newt after 5 days running. But, how dern cute?
I accidentally squished Geo's foot when I leaned past him into the car.
Well, done, not done done.
Idea blatantly stolen from a friend's gift last year. I present the Melted Snowman Ornament.
I finally broke and modified our guy. How are we supposed to put them in all these situations without any structure? Kris now has a retrofitted metal endoskeleton.
The boys & I cut out these pieces but "ran out of time" yesterday evening... Someone finished the job!
The box is always the winner anyway, amiright? So, why not just get 'em a box? Also, Free!
The kitchen smells shamefully boozy. And so early. However, I have 20 Christmas gifts almost done that I started back in April!
Our Elf, Chris, welcomed us back by undoing some of our Thanksgiving decorations!


text:
IMDBTMDBWikipedia
Died 1984-07-28
Birthplace Sherman, Texas, USA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bess Flowers (November 23, 1898 – July 28, 1984) was an American actress. By some counts considered the most prolific actress in the history of Hollywood, she was known as "The Queen of the Hollywood Extras," appearing in over 700 movies in her 41 year career. Born in Sherman, Texas, Flowers's film debut came in 1923, when she appeared in Hollywood. She made three films that year, and then began working extensively. Many of her appearances are uncredited, as she generally played non-speaking roles. By the 1930s, Flowers was in constant demand. Her appearances ranged from Alfred Hitchcock and John Ford thrillers to comedic roles alongside of Charley Chase, the Three Stooges, Leon Errol, Edgar Kennedy, and Laurel and Hardy. She appeared in the following five films which won the Academy Award for Best Picture: It Happened One Night, You Can't Take it with You, All About Eve, The Greatest Show on Earth, and Around the World in Eighty Days. In each of these movies, Flowers was uncredited. Including these five movies, she had appeared in twenty-three Best Picture nominees in total, making her the record holder for most appearances in films nominated for the award. Her last movie was Good Neighbor Sam in 1964. Flowers's acting career was not confined to feature films. She was also seen in many episodic American TV series, such as I Love Lucy, notably in episodes, "Lucy Is Enceinte" (1952), "Ethel's Birthday" (1955), and "Lucy's Night in Town" (1957), where she is usually seen as a theatre patron. Outside her acting career, in 1945, Bess Flowers helped to found the Screen Extras Guild (active: 1946-1992, then merged with SAG), where she served as one of its first vice-presidents and recording secretaries.
Available to watch on
Episode Count
Good Neighbor Sam
Mrs. Burke (uncredited)
For Those Who Think Young
Jane (uncredited)
The Carpetbaggers
Wedding Guest (uncredited)
Lady In Audience (uncredited)
Move Over, Darling
Seymour's Wife (uncredited)
Who's Minding the Store?
Shopper, Gourmet Department (uncredited)
Palm Springs Weekend
Woman in Hotel Lobby (uncredited)
For Love or Money
Surprised Diner at The Flame Room (uncredited)
The Thrill of It All
Party Guest (uncredited)
40 Pounds of Trouble
Casino Patron
Woman in Dream Sequence
Zotz!
Party Guest
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour
1962 — 1 episode
Mrs. Pradanos
The Notorious Landlady
Courtroom Spectator (uncredited)
Incident in an Alley
Five Finger Exercise
Woman on Beach
Don't Knock the Twist
Fashion Editor (uncredited)
Spectator at political rally
Concert Attendee (uncredited)
Pedestrian Entering Club (uncredited)
Babes in Toyland
Restaurant Patron (uncredited)
The Honeymoon Machine
Bar Patron (uncredited)
Teenage Millionaire
Aunt Theodora's Guest (uncredited)
Return to Peyton Place
Woman at Town Meeting
The Absent-Minded Professor
All in a Night's Work
Customer (uncredited)
Go Naked in the World
Restaurant patron
Mister Ed
Where the Boys Are
Nightclub Patron (uncredited)
G.I. Blues
Cafe Europa patron (uncredited)
The Facts of Life
Lady At Airport (uncredited)
All the Fine Young Cannibals
Night Club Patron (uncredited)
Coronado 9
Song Without End
Wake Me When It's Over
Lady in Hotel Lobby
Please Don't Eat the Daisies
Lady in Elevator (uncredited)
Seven Thieves
Lady at Casino Party
Home from the Hill
Beloved Infidel
Woman at Screening (uncredited)
It Started with a Kiss
A Private's Affair
Surgeon General's Wife (uncredited)
Juke Box Rhythm
Patron at Crystal Palace Restaurant
Chaperon at Dance (uncredited)
Plaza Hotel lounge patron (uncredited)
Imitation of Life
Geraldine Moore (uncredited)
Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!
Town Meeting Spectator
French Quarter Restaurant Patron (uncredited)
I Married a Monster from Outer Space
Twilight for the Gods
Audience Member (uncredited)
Diner at Ernie's (uncredited)
Too Much, Too Soon
Bongo Club Patron (uncredited)
Merry Andrew
I Married a Woman
Beauty Contest Chaperone (uncredited)
The Tarnished Angels
Newspaper Office Clerk (uncredited)
My Man Godfrey
The Helen Morgan Story
Woman at boat dock
Sweet Smell of Success
Patron at 21 (uncredited)
Designing Woman
Fashion Show Guest (uncredited)
This Could Be the Night
The Buster Keaton Story
Restaurant Diner (uncredited)
Ten Thousand Bedrooms
She Devil
Funny Face
Fashion Show Spectator
Woman at Fashion Show
Written on the Wind
Ride The High Iron
Guest at Jeff Rink's Banquet
The Opposite Sex
Anniversary Party Guest (uncredited)
Extra (uncredited)
These Wilder Years
Lounge Patron
The She-Creature
The First Traveling Saleslady
Party Guest at Central Park Casino (uncredited)
Opera Attendee (uncredited)
Meet Me in Las Vegas
Roulette Player (uncredited)
Forever, Darling
Runaway Daughters
Three Bad Sisters
I'll Cry Tomorrow
Spectator at Hot Box Club (uncredited)
The View from Pompey's Head
Miss Mabry
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Club Patron (uncredited)
Diner at Bar of Justice Restaurant
The Girl Rush
Masquerade Party Guest (uncredited)
Strategic Air Command
Interrupted Melody
Gambler (Uncredited)
Mrs. Grier's Friend (uncredited)
Hell's Island
Casino Patron (uncredited)
The Looters
Airplane Passenger
Three for the Show
Theatre patron in loge
Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops
Dancer in Restaurant scene (uncredited)
Attendant Holding Baby at Palace Ball
The Human Jungle
Dining Patron
Academy Awards Attendee (uncredited)
Songwriter's Party Guest with Poodle (uncredited)
Living It Up
Patron at Wonderland Ballroom (uncredited)
The Caine Mutiny
Dial M for Murder
Woman Exiting Ship (uncredited)
The Long Wait
Woman in Gambling House (uncredited)
Casanova's Big Night
Dangerous Mission
Guest at Lodge Party (uncredited)
The French Line
Farellie saleslady (uncredited)
The Bigamist
Bus passenger
Forever Female
Patron at Restaurant (uncredited)
Three Sailors and a Girl
Indignant Nightclub Patron (uncredited)
Officer's Wife in Reception Line (uncredited)
Torch Song
Woman at Rehearsal (uncredited)
The Robe
Spectator at Caligula's court (uncredited)
Latin Lovers
The Caddy
Guest at country club (uncredited)
The Band Wagon
Train Passenger (uncredited)
Cruisin' Down the River
Riverboat Passenger (uncredited)
Department Store Shopper
A Blueprint for Murder
Maggie's Friend at Club (Uncredited)
Let's Do It Again
Loose in London
Scared Stiff
Small Town Girl
Sitting Party Guest
The Story of Three Loves
Woman in hotel bar
Call Me Madam
Lady Seated Behind Duchess
Party Guest, Nightclub Extra (uncredited)
Shirley - Barrett's Secretary (uncredited)
General Electric Theater
Mrs. Vandermoot
Never Wave at a WAC
Tonight We Sing
Opera spectator in St. Petersburg
The Clown
Wife at Washington D.C. Airport (uncredited)
The Bad and the Beautiful
Joe's Friend at Party (uncredited)
Stop, You're Killing Me
Bloodhounds of Broadway
Nightclub Extra (uncredited)
Sudden Fear
Woman Exiting Hotel
Don't Bother to Knock
Woman at Awards Dinner (uncredited)
She's Working Her Way Through College
Lady in Audience
Sally and Saint Anne
Country Club Patron (uncredited)
Three for Bedroom C
Train Passenger
The Narrow Margin
Young Man with Ideas
Audience Member
Deadline - U.S.A.
Something to Live For
Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder
Nightclub Patron
Spectator (uncredited)
Phone Call from a Stranger
The Unknown Man
The Red Skelton Show
Lady Outside Jewelry Store
Ballet Dancer (uncredited)
Show Boat
Racetrack spectator (uncredited)
Woman Exiting Emmadel's Home
Sunny Side of the Street
Actress playing "Queen" in TV beer commercial
People Will Talk
Concertgoer (uncredited)
Courtroom Reporter (uncredited)
Meet Me After the Show
Dining Patron (uncredited)
Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell
Bazaar Patron
The Law and the Lady
Rich, Young and Pretty
Woman Departing Train, Restaurant Patron
Woman in Theatre Powder Room
Dear Brat
Laura Millikan, reporter (uncredited)
Home Town Story
Patron at Barbecue Room (uncredited)
Ghost Chasers
Seance Guest (uncredited)
The Great Caruso
Front Row Audience Member at 'Lucia di Lammermoor' (uncredited)
I Can Get It for You Wholesale
Saleswoman, Dinner Guest (uncredited)
Lullaby of Broadway
Ship Passenger (uncredited)
The Screen Director
Backstage guest (uncredited)
Payment on Demand
Restaurant Birthday Party Attendee (uncredited)
Operation Pacific
The Mating Season
Footlight Varieties
Party Extra (segment "He Forgot to Remember") (archive footage) (uncredited)
Mr. Music
Engagement Party Guest (uncredited)
Experiment Alcatraz
Last of the Buccaneers
New Orleans Party Guest
Courtroom spectator
Walk Softly, Stranger
New Year's Celebrant (uncredited)
To Please a Lady
Sarah Siddons Awards Guest (uncredited)
I'll Get By
Lady in Audience at The Roxy
Born to Be Bad
Mrs. Worthington
Caravan Club patron (uncredited)
My Blue Heaven
Shakedown
A Life of Her Own
Cocktail Lounge Patron (uncredited)
Edge of Doom
Flower Shop Customer (uncredited)
The Great Jewel Robber
The Costume Designer
Woman in Fashion Shop (uncredited)
The Second Woman
Fiesta Guest
Tournament of Roses Spectator
Wedding Reception Guest (uncredited)
Wedding Guest in Park (uncredited)
The Damned Don't Cry
Champagne for Caesar
Backstage Woman at Hollywood Bowl
Nancy Goes to Rio
No Man of Her Own
Woman at Country Club Dance (uncredited)
The File on Thelma Jordon
Dinner Party Guest (Uncredited)
Mary Ryan, Detective
Mrs. Moss (aka Mrs. Horne)
Beyond the Forest
My Friend Irma
Gypsy Tea Room Diner (uncredited)
It's a Great Feeling
Studio Party Guest (uncredited)
Lady in Agent's Office
Sky Liner
Little Girl's Grandmother
Mighty Joe Young
You're My Everything
Woman at Premiere (uncredited)
Neptune's Daughter
Woman at Swim Suit Show (uncredited)
Guest at honorary degree ceremony
Alias Nick Beal
Woman at Press Conference
John Loves Mary
Patron at Pelican Club
Slightly French
Court Deputy (uncredited)
Every Girl Should Be Married
Pierre's Restaurant Patron (uncredited)
Let's Live a Little
Family Honeymoon
Well-Wisher at Bridal Shower (uncredited)
Parole, Inc.
Mary - Nurse
My Dear Secretary
An Innocent Affair
Rocket Roof Diner (uncredited)
One Touch of Venus
The Velvet Touch
Up in Central Park
Diner at The Stetson House (uncredited)
Romance on the High Seas
Guest at country club dance
Woman Exiting Hilo Club
Trapped by Boston Blackie
Smart Woman
Starlit Roof patron
Winter Meeting
The Noose Hangs High
Fainting Psychiatrist's Patient (uncredited)
Mr. Reckless
The Big Clock
Woman in Conference Room (uncredited)
The Bride Goes Wild
Sleep, My Love
Miss Miller
Arch of Triumph
Gambler at Roulette Table (uncredited)
Ship's passenger
You Were Meant for Me
Lady Dancing at Nightclub (uncredited)
Woman in Hotel Lobby
Blondie in the Dough
Mrs. Dixon (uncredited)
The Unsuspected
Mayor's Secretary (uncredited)
The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
Illustrator (uncredited)
Song of the Thin Man
Jessica Thayar
The Fabulous Joe
The Perils of Pauline
Reporter at Reception (uncredited)
Danger Street
Birthday party guest
So You Want to Be in Pictures
Woman at Brown Derby with Sunglasses (uncredited)
Fun on a Weekend
Undercover Maisie
The Fabulous Dorseys
Audience Lady (uncredited)
Cigarette Girl
Nora Prentiss


1. Do we recognise the complexity and multi-dimensionality of leaders as human beings?
Wisdom to how one decides to use one's Competence and Fitness on the actual day in competing in this specific event (how must I run today's marathon given my assessment of the conditions I face and my own state).
Leaders go wrong when they do not recognise the complexity and multi-dimensionality of them as human being, and only focus on one dimension, e.g., the psychosocial, or the physiological.
2. How does leadership competence impact on overall leadership well-being and excellence?
Leadership well-being and excellence is affected detrimentally by leaders not making these crucial transitions.
3. How does leadership fitness impact on overall leadership well-being and excellence?
Fitness is about resilience: the ability to take pressure; bounce back; adapt. Fitness of body, mind, spirit and heart.
4. How does leadership wisdom impact on overall leadership well-being and excellence?
Wisdom is the knowing how to get right things done with the right people at the right time in the right way. Being street wise, "savviness".
fully accepting him/ herself warts and all.
Jim Collins entitled this highest level of leadership maturity "Level 5 Leadership": leadership serving the longer term, greater good with humbleness, and pursuing this greater good with a relentless passion. Level 5 leadership has moved beyond serving his/ her own self-interest: the manifestation of servant (or steward) leadership. Levels 1 to 4 Leadership refer to a movement from showing that one can lead through to demonstrating that one can realise a vision. A vision, however, still carries a heavy parochial, self-interested flavour because the interests served are those of not the leadership but of the organisation.
Organisational derailment refers to the external manifestation of failed leadership. Burnout refers to the internal experience of the leader. A leader experiences burnout when his/her energy runs out. Burnout is usually caused by being overstressed for extended periods of time. The reported incidence of burnout amongst business leaders is at alarming levels.
Organisational derailment ("the organisation rejecting me as a leader") and burnout ("me failing as a leader because I am unable to cope") are not of necessity related. A leader may be rejected by his/ her organisation, but not be burnt out. Or be burnt out but not be derailed.
The word "toxic" comes from the German "toxikon" which means "arrow poison". In a literal sense, the term in its original form thus means to kill (=poison) in a targeted way (=arrow). Toxic leadership refers to ongoing, deliberate, intentional actions (the "arrow") by a leader(ship) to undermine the sense of dignity, self-worth and efficacy of an individual(s) (the "poison"). This results in destructive, devaluing and demeaning work experiences. Such destructive actions may be physical, psychosocial and/or spiritual (i.e., meaning/purpose). Toxic leadership therefore represents the "dark" side of leadership.
A Toxic Organisation is an organisation which by its very nature and dynamics erodes, disables and destroys the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual wellbeing of its organisational members in permanent and deliberate ways. In other words, an organisation becomes metaphorically a "poison pill" to organisational members.
In contrast to toxic leadership, a healthy, authentic leadership is leader(ship) that nurtures and affirms the dignity, worth and efficacy of an individual(s), concurrently creating enabling, empowering and meaningful work experiences. Correspondingly, a healthy, authentic organisation is an organisation that nurtures and grows the physiological, psychosocial and spiritual wellbeing of its organisational members, making and leaving its members better persons than when they entered the organisation.
Work place bullying – a popular research area in recent times – is a similar concept to toxic leadership, but more centred on individual, one-on-one, physical and/or emotional abuse by any one individual (including a leader) on another person(s). Hence work place bullying is but one form of toxic leadership when the bullying is done by leadership.
Monarch: Ruling the organisation as my kingdom.
the Conscienceless: the unethical, amoral organisation.
6. What are The Ultimate Leadership Well-being and Excellence Questions?
Have I retained my well being/ health in all Domains of my Being/ Becoming, e.g. physical, physiological, psychosocial, spiritual, religious?
I am still with those persons who are supposed to be close to me?
Have I been able to live my chosen core values with integrity?
Have I used my talents well?
Leaders have to ask themselves these questions once a year throughout their career in their personal reflection sessions.


text:
Call for expressions of interest to evaluate the "Leading Integrated Research for Agenda 2030 in Africa" funding programme
Submit your expression of interest by 29 March 2022 (extended deadline).
Leading Integrated Research for Agenda 2030 in Africa (LIRA) is a research funding programme that was launched in 2016 and implemented by the International Science Council in partnership with the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), funded primarily by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). The programme sought to increase the production of high-quality, integrated (inter- and transdisciplinary), solutions-oriented research on sustainable development across African cities and supported 28 collaborative transdisciplinary projects across Africa led by African early career scientists generating knowledge on sustainable urban development on the continent, in partnership with local authorities, industry, communities, and government.
Programme evaluation
📣 LIRA was concluded in December 2021 and the ISC is now seeking expressions of interest to carry out an independent final evaluation of the programme between March and October 2022.
The evaluation will consider how LIRA has performed against the objectives of the programme, identify key achievements, challenges and recommendations to be considered in the design and the implementation of similar research funding programmes in the future.
👉 Find more information regarding the call for expressions of interest in the Terms of Reference.
⬇ Should you wish to express interest in undertaking the evaluation of LIRA, please upload your expression of interest via the online form below by 29 March (extended deadline). Please note that we are looking for team proposals.
The evaluation should be undertaken by an evaluation team composed of at least three experts, including at least one from Africa. The evaluation process should be led by a senior consultant with high level of evaluation competence. The team should also have an understanding of science system realities as well as urban development issues in Africa.
Note: The evaluators must be independent from the evaluation object and evaluated activities and have no stake in the outcome of the evaluation.
Content of the expressions of interest
Expressions of interest must be submitted as a single pdf file by 29 March 2022 (extended deadline) containing the following elements:
Cover letter explaining the motivation of the evaluation team
Provisional methodology for the evaluation
Relevant expertise of the team members and their roles in the evaluation
Indicative budget with detailed breakdown and justification
Short CV (max. 2 pages per document) of each team member
Online form to submit expressions of interest (by 29 March 2022 – extended deadline) to undertake the evaluation of the "Leading Integrated Research for Agenda 2030 in Africa" research funding programme.
Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Senior Advisor to the CEO and President, Salvatore Arico.
Header photo by Rohan Reddy on Unsplash.
Dr Salvatore Aricò to be appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the International Science Council
Call for an electronic extraordinary General Assembly
Call for nominations: Members for the Liaison Committee of the ISC Regional Focal Point for the Latin American and Caribbean Region
Launch of a new ISC regional presence in Latin America and the Caribbean
All the news from the General Assembly, including speeches of incoming and outgoing presidents
Daya Reddy highlights importance of core values of science at close of 2nd ISC General Assembly
Sir Peter Gluckman, paediatrician, biomedical scientist and science-policy expert becomes President of the International Science Council
New Governing Board elected to provide scientific and strategic leadership to the International Science Council
Ten outstanding individual scientists and organizations celebrated in first ever ISC Awards
Second ISC General Assembly will bring together more than 700 participants over five days to discuss crucial issues for international scientific collaboration
Proposal for a revised membership dues structure for the ISC
Online consultations: Draft ISC 2022 - 2024 Action Plan
Online consultation with ISC Members: Revised membership dues structure
There's a disconnect between research and urban planning in Africa: how to fix it
Learning from COVID-19 and upgrading sustainable governance
The implications of COVID-19 on urban development research in Africa
Awards Selection Committee
Conclusion of the ISC extraordinary General Assembly
Elections Committee
ISC Statutes and Rules of Procedure


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text:
October 10, 2018 | Memo
SWIFT Sanctions: Frequently Asked Questions
Key Quotes
In 2012, Congress adopted legislation authorizing the president to impose sanctions on persons that provide financial messaging services to the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) or any other designated Iranian financial institution. 1 This legislation led to the disconnection of the CBI and other Iranian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) financial messaging service – widely seen as one of the most powerful sanctions imposed on Iran prior to the 2015 nuclear deal formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). 2 Iranian banks, however, were reconnected to SWIFT pursuant to the sanctions relief provided under the JCPOA. 3
On May 8, 2018, following President Trump's announced withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal, the Department of the Treasury warned that sanctions would be imposed on "specialized financial messaging services" like SWIFT unless they disconnected the CBI and all other re-designated Iranian banks by November 4, 2018. 4 As that deadline approaches, European diplomats desperate to save the JCPOA and undermine the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign are reportedly stepping up their efforts to deter the Treasury Department from acting. 5
This document is designed to help U.S. policymakers respond to frequently asked questions regarding SWIFT sanctions.
1) Can a maximum pressure campaign on Iran succeed if designated Iranian financial institutions remain connected to SWIFT after November 4, 2018?
Failure to disconnect Iran from SWIFT will create major leakage in U.S. sanctions. The Obama and Trump Treasury Departments have emphasized that the entire country of Iran is a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern pursuant to the USA PATRIOT Act. 6 The Islamic Republic will use whatever channels remain connected to the global financial system to continue its terror financing, money laundering, and illicit activities. Keeping Iran connected to SWIFT will also endanger the broader sanctions regime, including energy sanctions. European plans to use central banks or "special purpose vehicles" (SPVs) to process transactions with Iran rely heavily on SWIFT.
2) How significant was SWIFT's sanctions pressure on Iran prior to the JCPOA?
Economic analysis of the pre-JCPOA sanctions regime and reports from the time are conclusive that disconnecting Iran from SWIFT was a crippling step that endangered Iran's economy. In 2012, a European official told the New York Times, "It is a very efficient measure … It can seriously cripple the banking sector in Iran." 7 Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called it "a very effective way of further isolating Iran and the Iranian flow of financial transactions." 8 Former Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner said the combined impact of SWIFT and oil sanctions was "very, very significant" because it became "much, much harder for countries to pay for their oil from Iran and to pay for other financial activity with Iran." 9 An international economics professor at the International Institute of Social Studies wrote that SWIFT sanctions on Iran made it "significantly harder to process international payments, while simultaneously constraining other bilateral economic flows." 10 A researcher at the Hague Institute for Global Justice wrote that "the exclusion of Iran from the global financial system and SWIFT … forced Iranian companies to use the old system of hawala (money transfer), causing any transaction to become longer and more expensive." 11
3) Would sanctions on SWIFT damage America's ability to monitor illicit financing because SWIFT would scale back cooperation?
The Obama Treasury Department issued such warnings in January 2012 as part of a campaign to deter U.S. Senators from adopting sanctions on SWIFT in a Senate Banking Committee amendment. The Senators dismissed the argument, threatened sanctions on SWIFT, and forced SWIFT to disconnect the Central Bank of Iran and designated Iranian banks. 12 SWIFT did not scale back cooperation; all counterterrorism cooperation with SWIFT continued. Cooperation will continue this time, too, pursuant to the signed "Agreement between the United States and European Union on the Processing and Transfer of Financial Messaging Data from the European Union to the United States for the Purpose of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program." 13 The EU would be endangering its own citizens if it scaled back intelligence sharing, something German Chancellor Angela Merkel recently acknowledged when she threw cold water on a proposal to establish a SWIFT alternative to evade U.S. sanctions. 14
4) Would sanctions on SWIFT propel Europe to work with China and Russia to establish a SWIFT alternative where the U.S. has no transparency into terror finance, let alone Iranian sanctions evasion?
Treasury also advanced this argument in 2012 as part of a campaign against sanctions on SWIFT. 15 After Senators voted to pressure SWIFT, no credible alternative to SWIFT was ever established. It was not established because there is no such credible alternative. No legitimate bank is going to use an alternative service that is soaked in terror financing and has no access to the U.S. financial system. German Chancellor Angela Merkel also noted that the security benefits of maintaining the SWIFT system far outweigh any desire to retaliate against the U.S. for leaving the JCPOA. 16
5) Since America's financial system depends on SWIFT, would sanctions on SWIFT endanger the U.S. financial system as well?
The SWIFT board of directors are individuals representing shareholder banks. Section 220 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act is intentionally broad in authorizing the president to impose sanctions on financial messaging services like SWIFT. 17 The law allows the Treasury Department to impose financial sanctions on the banks represented on the board or on SWIFT officials, rather than targeting the cooperative itself. SWIFT operations would not be interrupted.
6) Unlike in 2012, the European Union now opposes U.S. sanctions on Iran, including those targeting SWIFT. How can SWIFT disconnect Iranian banks without an EU regulation ordering it do so?
In 2012, SWIFT looked to the European Union for political cover to disconnect Iranian banks but that was unnecessary. According to its Corporate Rules, "SWIFT reserves the right … to terminate the status of a SWIFT user in the event that … a SWIFT user demonstrates a conduct which is not in line with generally accepted business conduct principles." 18 Undoubtedly, financing terrorism and proliferation demonstrate "conduct which is not in line with generally accepted business conduct principles." By SWIFT's own Corporate Rules, it has the right to suspend access for all designated Iranian banks.
7) Is there precedent for SWIFT disconnecting a country's banks without a European Union order?
Yes. In March 2017, SWIFT announced that it would disconnect all remaining North Korean banks from its system. At the time, the banks were not subject to European Union sanctions and a European Commission spokesperson said, "This is a commercial matter for SWIFT. We do not interfere in the business decisions of any such company." 19
8) Is there a concern that U.S. policymakers could overuse the threat of SWIFT sanctions?
Yes. SWIFT is a unique system. It is overseen by the central banks of the G-10 countries. Threatening to expel a country's banks from SWIFT is one of the most serious financial sanctions possible. While threats posed by Iran and North Korea may rise to a threshold meriting expulsion from SWIFT as a tool to protect American and indeed global security, policymakers should be hesitant to use this tool as a response to fluid geopolitical crises.
Key Quotes on SWIFT Sanctions: 2012-2018
"We believe that using the SWIFT system is a very effective way of further isolating Iran and the Iranian flow of financial transactions." – Hillary Clinton, then-Secretary of State, February 29, 2012. 20
"…it is a very important system because it is part of almost every international money transfer that occurs. So it could be a real problem for Iranian financial markets or financial institutions if they were banned from using [SWIFT], yes." – Ben Bernanke, then-Federal Reserve Chairman, February 29, 2012. 21
"The combined effect of these latest sanctions, both to discourage countries from buying Iranian oil, or to encourage them to cut back significantly, and to make it much, much harder for countries to pay for their oil from Iran and to pay for other financial activity with Iran, the combined impact of those sanctions is very, very substantial." – Tim Geithner, then-Secretary of Treasury, March 20, 2012. 22
"I think we do have to say a thank you to the European Union for the enormous action they have taken to intensify and follow the lead of the United States, but also what they were able to do with the SWIFT procedure that's used to deal with financial banking has helped enormously as well." – Wendy Sherman, then-Under Secretary of State, May 15, 2013. 23
"There's a long list of sanctions, but another big element is Iran has basically been kicked out of the, what's called the, SWIFT system, which is how you transfer money electronically. Literally … if Iran earns money overseas, it almost has to bring the cash back in suitcases. That's what it's come to. So it's really hurting Iran." – Tom Gjelten, NPR, November 22, 2013. 24
"[O]ur banking sanctions … have largely cut off the Iranian banking sector from the international financial system." – David Cohen, then-Under Secretary of the Treasury, April 4, 2014. 25
"Many credit the Treasury's assault on Iran's financial system for its recent willingness to slow the development of its nuclear program in exchange for relief from sanctions. In particular, Iran was blocked in 2012 from the Swift network for international inter-bank payments after pressure was put on the institution by the EU and U.S. The effect of this and other measures was immediate. After inflation shot up, some estimate that in real terms private pay dropped by 35 to 40 percent. GDP fell 5.8 percent in 2012." – Mark Malloch Brown, former UN Deputy Secretary General, and Harry Gibson, economist, December 22, 2014. 26
"Without SWIFT, there was nowhere to spend [the sanctions relief]. The Iranians have been complaining to us throughout the JPOA process that sanctions relief means little without the ability to bank." – U.S. government official, April 2015. 27
"The SWIFT sanctions are more important at this point than any other type of sanctions because it affects all manner of industry and agriculture." – Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, Iranian economist, April 6, 2015. 28
"With Iran re-connected to SWIFT, it will be poised to more easily move funds to terrorists' coffers, foment conflict around the region, and possibly even procure equipment for a clandestine weapons program, should it choose to violate the nuclear deal." – Jonathan Schanzer and Mark Dubowitz, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, July 17, 2015. 29
"One of the concerns we have had is the Administration did say when Congress put tougher sanctions in, moved forward particularly on the SWIFT notions, using the SWIFT system, there was great reluctance from the Administration about us taking that step. I think in retrospect taking that step was important and effective and helped tighten down the sanctions." – Senator Mark Warner (D-VA), August 5, 2015. 30
"In light of the risks of doing business with Iran, the reintegration of Iranian banks into the global financial system, including via the SWIFT bank messaging system, presents perhaps the most concerning issue." – Juan Zarate, former Deputy National Security Advisor and Chairman of the Financial Integrity Network, May 24, 2016. 31
"How can this enterprise justify facilitating the evil escapades of the world's leading state sponsor of terror?" – John Bolton, National Security Advisor and former Ambassador to the United Nations, September 25, 2018. 32
"European governments might just be able to keep the Iran deal … on life support for a time. They plan to do this both through the SWIFT international banking system … Losing access to SWIFT again would severely hamstring Iran's ability to trade." – Michael Hirsh, Foreign Policy, September 25, 2018. 33
"Treasury — which has so far performed effectively in many other areas of sanctions enforcement — would risk undermining its own credibility if it established a different standard of compliance for SWIFT." – Richard Goldberg, former National Security Advisor for U.S. Senator Mark Kirk, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, September 26, 2018. 34
SWIFT Sanctions FAQs
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-158, 126 Stat. 1214, codified as amended at 112 U.S.C. (https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ158/PLAW-112publ158.pdf)
Rachelle Younglai and Roberta Rampton, "U.S. pushes EU, SWIFT to eject Iran banks," Reuters, February 15, 2012. (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-swift-idUSTRE81F00I20120216); Rick Gladstone and Stephen Castle, "Global Network Expels as Many as 30 of Iran's Banks in Move to Isolate Its Economy," The New York Times, March 15, 2012. (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/world/middleeast/crucial-communication-network-expelling-iranian-banks.html)
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Vienna, July 14, 2015, Annex II. (https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/245320.pdf)
U.S. Department of the Treasury, "Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Re-Imposition of Sanctions Pursuant to the May 8, 2018 National Security Presidential Memorandum Relating to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)," August 6, 2018, page 3. (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/jcpoa_winddown_faqs.pdf)
Katrina Manson, "Europe steps up drive to exempt Swift from Iran sanctions," Financial Times (UK), October 9, 2018. (https://www.ft.com/content/1db52c7a-ca27-11e8-b276-b9069bde0956)
U.S. Department of the Treasury, "311 Special Measures," accessed October 9, 2018. (https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-and-regulations/311-special-measures)
Quoted in: Rick Gladstone and Stephen Castle, "Global Network Expels as Many as 30 of Iran's Banks in Move to Isolate Its Economy," The New York Times, March 15, 2012. (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/world/middleeast/crucial-communication-network-expelling-iranian-banks.html)
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, "Budget Hearing for the Department of State and USAID," Hearing before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, February 29, 2012. (https://www.c-span.org/video/?304614-1/state-department-fiscal-year-2013-budget&start=3699)
Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner, "Hearing to Receive the Annual Testimony of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the International Financial System," Hearing before the House Committee on Financial Services, March 20, 2012. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg75080/html/CHRG-112hhrg75080.htm)
Peter A.G. van Bergeijk, "Sanctions against Iran – A preliminary economic assessment," Institute for Security Studies, January 1, 2015. (https://repub.eur.nl/pub/79415/)
Agnese Macaluso, "The Apparent Success of Iran Sanctions," The Hague Institute for Global Justice, August 2014. (http://legacy.thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/cp/uploads/publications/Working-Paper-2-Iran-Sanctions.pdf)
See: Richard Goldberg, "If the U.S. Reimposes Sanctions on Iran, Allies Will Follow," Foreign Policy, October 2, 2017. (https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/02/if-the-u-s-reimposes-sanctions-on-iran-allies-will-get-in-line/)
Agreement Between the United States of America and the European Union on the Processing and Transfer of Financial Messaging Data From the European Union to the United States for the Purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program, October 31, 2010. (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Terrorist-Finance-Tracking/Documents/Final-TFTP-Agreement-Signed.pdf)
Madeline Chambers and Joseph Nasr, "Merkel cool on EU independent payment system to save Iran deal," Reuters, August 22, 2018. (https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-germany-merkel/merkel-cool-on-eu-independent-payment-system-to-save-iran-deal-idUKKCN1L71B4)
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-158, 126 Stat. 1214, codified as amended "at 112 U.S.C. §220. (https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ158/PLAW-112publ158.pdf)
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, "3.2 Compliance with Eligibility Criteria and Conditions for Admission as SWIFT User," Corporate Rules, January 12, 2018, pages 17-18. (https://www2.swift.com/knowledgecentre/rest/v1/publications/s_corp_r/_published/s_corp_r.pdf?logDownload=true)
Tom Bergin, "SWIFT messaging system cuts off remaining North Korean banks," Reuters, March 16, 2017. (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-banks/swift-messaging-system-cuts-off-remaining-north-korean-banks-idUSKBN16N2SZ)
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, "Monetary Policy and the State of the Economy," Hearing before the House Committee on Financial Services, February 29, 2012. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg75075/html/CHRG-112hhrg75075.htm)
Under Secretary of State Wendy Sherman, "U.S. Policy Toward Iran," Hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, May 15, 2013. (https://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/us-policy-toward-iran)
"Do Sanctions Really Work?" NPR, November 22, 2013. (https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=246733368)
Under Secretary of the Treasury David Cohen, "Negotiations on Iran's Nuclear Program," Hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, February 4, 2014. (https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/020414_Transcript_Negotiations%20on%20Iran's%20Nuclear%20Program.pdf)
Mark Malloch Brown and Harry Gibson, "Do Sanctions Work?" Newsweek, December 22, 2014. (https://www.newsweek.com/do-sanctions-work-293957)
Quoted in: Jonathan Schanzer and Mark Dubowitz, "It Just Got Easier for Iran to Fund Terrorism," Foreign Policy, July 17, 2015. (https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/17/it-just-got-easier-for-iran-to-fund-terrorism-swift-bank/)
Quoted in: Tom DiChristopher, "Iran nuclear deal: These industries could get a boost," CNBC, April 6, 2015. (https://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/06/iran-nuclear-deal-these-industries-could-get-a-boost.html)
Jonathan Schanzer and Mark Dubowitz, "It Just Got Easier for Iran to Fund Terrorism," Foreign Policy, July 17, 2015. (https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/17/it-just-got-easier-for-iran-to-fund-terrorism-swift-bank/)
Senator Mark Warner (D-VA), "The Implications of Sanctions Relief Under the Iran Agreement," Hearing before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, August 5, 2015. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-114shrg97883/pdf/CHRG-114shrg97883.pdf)
Juan Zarate, "Understanding the Role of Sanctions Under the Iran Deal," Hearing before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, May 24, 2016. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-114shrg22429/pdf/CHRG-114shrg22429.pdf)
Quoted in: Gardiner Harris, "Bolton Warns of 'Terrible Consequences' for Those Doing Business with Iran," The New York Times, September 25, 2018. (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/25/world/middleeast/bolton-threatens-business-iran.html)
Michael Hirsh, "Is the Iran Deal Finally Dead?" Foreign Policy, September 25, 2018. (https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/25/iran-nuclear-deal-last-stand/)
Richard Goldberg, "What Trump must do to stop Europe from end-running his Iran sanctions," New York Post, September 26, 2018. (https://nypost.com/2018/09/26/what-trump-must-do-to-stop-europe-from-end-running-his-iran-sanctions/)
Iran Iran Politics and Economy Iran Sanctions Sanctions and Illicit Finance


upper eau claire lake real estate for sale wi | Lakewoods Real Estate - New website under construction - coming Spring 2019!
What an offering! This inviting 2 bedroom home has 100′ of sugar sand beach on Lower Eau Claire Lake. Relax on the lakeside deck, or level area at the water's edge. Move in ready home/cabin featuring an open dining/living room and wood burning fireplace. Lots of recreation nearby with trails. Part of the popular Eau Claire Lakes chain.
It's a very large, clean chain of lakes close to Hayward, Gordon, and the Twin Ports.
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We spent 24 hours in Houston just to catch the Lakers play the Rockets at the Houston Toyota Center. Can you believe it?? Before knowing Lew, I pretty much had zero interest in basketball. But now? I live in a home full of basketball loving Lebron fans. We bought tickets a couple weeks ago and hoped he'd be back from his injury in time for this game. Lew and I had a brief moment of being disappointed when we found out he wouldn't, but knew this surprise trip for the boys would be one they'd always remember no matter what. Pluuus we'd get to witness James Harden and his unprecedented scoring binge.
Snacks (Really no surprise here).
The Energy in the Arena- All three of them were LIT the entire time. Lew and I laughed until we cried at least 20 times that night.
The Music-London put on a show for anyone who'd watch him dance.
Special thanks to GLO Fotografia for capturing these moments for us! XO.


A wee heads up about a just announced new, retrospective release from Spare Snare.
Snare main man Jan Burnett has compiled a three disc box set of the earliest Spare Snare demos including songs on the first three albums and the box is available to buy right now!
It's called 'Dundee Church For The Deaf – Curios and Versions' and contains 44 unreleased recordings, which have all been transferred from 4 track cassettes over the past year.
The compilation will come in a DVD type case format, in an edition of 50, hand number stamped with inserts and the usual hand made Snare fare by Jan.
As a preview of the boxset, Jan has provided MPT with an demo version of perhaps the Snare's best known song, 'Bugs'. Scroll down a little and you'll be able to listen to the song.


This works the same way as in Q3 or RtCW.
1. create a demo the usual way with /record resp. /stoprecord 2. then view the demo with /demo 3. while viewing this demo use /cl_avidemo . This will write screenshots accordding to the specified framerate, e.g. if framerate=15, it will write 15 screenshots per second. 4. use a program like AVIedit or JASC AnimationShop to create a video out of the screenshots.
must have been down it should be up now.
Great stuff DragonFly! I've been looking for something like this for ages!
Try to unzip your pk3 files from your RtCW folder (and its subdirectories) with Winzip or WinRar or anything similar. There is alot of artwork in there.


Hi, I am interested in your 1999 BMW Z3 2.8 Coupe listed on Autotrader for $16,500. I'd like to get more information about this vehicle and confirm its availability.
1999 BMW Z3 coupe, cosmo black with automatic transmission. Has current registration and smog. Excellent condition. Car is stock with the exception of upgraded stereo with CD with a USB input.


text:
News 12% rise in passenger numbers at Robin Hood airport
Posted on	 7th April 2008 by Skyscanner
12% rise in passenger numbers at Robin Hood airport
A tough economic climate has done little to dissuade holidaymakers jetting off from Yorkshire's Robin Hood Airport.
A tough economic climate has done little to dissuade holidaymakers jetting off from Yorkshire's Robin Hood Airport, new figures have suggested.
The travel hub reports that it has seen passenger numbers rise by 12.6 per cent since April last year, despite only having been open for three years.
Speaking to local newspaper the Star, the director of the airport's group Peel Airports said that he and his colleagues were delighted with the achievement.
"A year-on-year passenger increase of over 12 per cent is something to be very proud of," Hugh Lang said.
He added that he expected the airport's success to grow even further now it has expanded its destination offering to include Polish city-break hotspot Warsaw.
Meanwhile, a local councillor has called for the Robin Hood train line to be extended from Mansfield to Robin Hood Airport.
Kate Allsop, Mansfield District Council's portfolio holder for regeneration, told Chad.co.uk: "If the line was extended it would reduce the amount of people having to drive their cars to the airport and pay expensive car parking fines."


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Question Did the rosslare train ever connect in with the ferry in rosslare if yes is the answer when??
"Question Did the rosslare train ever connect in with the ferry in rosslare if yes is the answer when??" (Emphasis added).
Rosslare Harbour was built as a rail-ferry connecting point, so originally the only reason for trains going near the place was to connect with ferries. From the late '70s the development of roll-on/roll-off car ferries and more recently the advent of cheap air fares lead to changes. Gradually. fewer train-ferry connections were assured, and the latest situation is that there is almost no connectivity.
On balance, I would guess that the lack of connectivity is a consequence of other developments, rather than a cause of fewer people wanting to make connections.
Its not really feasible as a travel option to use the Train-Ferry combination unless its for points within a 60km radius of the Ports at each end. Thats why its been dying for the past 30 years. South East Ireland - South Wales, fair enough. There are Airports at Cardiff and Bristol.
I think that the Ferry will end up losing its rail connection eventually, and the terminal point for the line will be Wexford. That looks like the long term plan. The fact that it still survives in 2009 is a miracle in itself.
Dermo has captured the nature of the problem perfectly.
Foot passenger traffic has collapsed, the reasons are many and varied Ryanair breaking the duopoly of Aer Lingus and British Airways, the increased level of affluence more people with cars and the Irish economy improving meaning virtual elimination of emigration, the end of duty free the list goes on.
If foot passenger traffic has collapsed how come Bus Eireann have increased their Dublin/Rosslare service to 20 times a day? Presumably these buses don't have car carrying capacity too.
How could you call terminating the line at Wexford a 'plan' ? Anyway the fools in CIE would be much happier to terminate the line in Arklow or, better still, in Bray. I'm sure I read somewhere recently (sorry I can't remember where) that foot passenger numbers have begun to increase again on the ferries so CIE/IE will no doubt remove the link in the nick of time. Fighting for the passenger business like they fought for the freight business.
I'm very surprised by some of the comments posted here considering there has been a marked rise in people availing of SailRail, as highlighted publically by Irish Ferries earlier this year. Not only on the Irish Sea but if one looks to Stena Line on the Harwich to Hook of Holland service they have this year recorded a stunning 39% increase in carryings SailRail - it's known as the DutchFlyer there.
Having used the connection over the years I plan to continue doing so as a matter of personal choice. I respect others who don't see the merit of this option and prefer the air at all times but there are two sides to every story.
I fully support good rail links to airports and go by air to places further afield than the UK.
Hopefully the current timetable is a mere "bad" one - I honestly hope it is not part of a more sinister plan to dismantle services altogether. Anyone setting out to deliberately dismantle the service at this time when the economy is so bad should be very ashamed and be aware that their ill-conceived actions could put many out of work including themselves. No business can take their customers for granted in this climate and things I feel are set to become much worse yet economy-wise. Every customer counts; the orgainisation that forgets that in 2009 Ireland does that at their peril.
Last edited by Traincustomer : 04-08-2009 at 16:40.


text:
Juan Alberto Andreu Alvarado, plus souvent appelé Melli, est un footballeur espagnol né le  à Barbate (Province de Cadix) en Espagne. Il évolue actuellement au poste de Défenseur central au CD Mirandés.

Biographie

Melli est arrivé au Betis Séville à l'âge de 14 ans et a joué pour ce club pendant près de dix ans, à part une année de prêt au club de Polideportivo Ejido.
Il marque le premier but de sa carrière le  contre le CA Osasuna.

Palmarès

En club
  Betis Séville
  Vainqueur de la Coupe du Roi en 2005.

  FC Sheriff Tiraspol
 Vainqueur du Championnat de Moldavie en 2014.

En sélection
 Vainqueur du Championnat d'Europe des moins de 16 ans en 2001.
 Vainqueur du Championnat d'Europe des moins de 19 ans en 2002.
 Finaliste de la Coupe du monde des moins de 20 ans en 2003.

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur espagnol
Joueur du Real Betis
Joueur du Polideportivo Ejido
Joueur du CD Tenerife
Joueur du KAA La Gantoise
Joueur du Sheriff Tiraspol
Joueur de l'Ergotelis Héraklion
Joueur du Simurq Zaqatala
Joueur du FK Neftchi Bakou
Joueur du CF Reus Deportiu
Joueur du CD Mirandés
Naissance en juin 1984
Naissance à Barbate

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I love having my nails done around Christmas time! My brothers girlfriend, Gabbie is a beautician and has her nails done regularly and they are incredible so i thought i'd show you her very festive nails and my glitter trimmed festive nails.
So these are Gabbie's nails. How amazing are they! The nail patterns are symmetrical and there is a different design on each nail. These nails are my idea of the perfect Christmas nails, they are just so festive! On the thumb there is a snowman, then a present, then a bauble, then a reindeer and then a candy cane print. I just think these are beautiful and if i still had my gels on i would definitely get something similar. I think the little reindeer nail is super cute!
My nails are a little more understated than Gabbie's, so if you're someone who likes to embrace Christmas, but doesn't want to appear too festive, then these might be a perfect nail design for you. My best friend did my nails are i really like them. I thought a red colour was perfect for this time of year as obviously red is associated with Christmas. Everyone loves a bit of sparkle around Christmas time, so i thought why not put the two together, so here i have red nails with golden tips. I absolutely love this design as it doesn't scream Christmas at you, but still makes you feel festive!
Have you got any ideas for some festive nails?


We are proud to present the Senseo Coffee Maker, produced by Philips and Douwe Egberts (Dutch company), it is originally a Dutch product, and it is very popular here and in many other countries.
How does it work? You can order bags of single-use coffee pods in a lot of different flavors. You use one coffee pod for each cup, so it is guaranteed fresh, and it always has a delicious cream layer on top! You can also use a coffee filter so you can keep using your own favorite ground coffee. We also sell Douwe Egberts ground coffee and various other fresh coffees.
Almost all parts of the Coffee Maker are easy to replace; please email Customer Services for more information.
Please note that all of our machines have European plugs, which means that US residents will need a convertor to make the machine work. This is not included in the machines. Please be aware that we do not take machines back because of this.