text:
Home The Croakey Archives Croakey Conference News Service 2013 – 2019 2015 conferences #OTCC15
Reflections on the life and times of Dr Nigel Gray in tobacco control
Marie McInerney
#OTCC15, Croakey longreads, tobacco control
Marie McInerney reports:
It's hard to pick just a few highlights from the tributes to the remarkable life of pioneering tobacco control advocate and expert Dr Nigel Gray that were presented at last week's 2015 Oceania Tobacco Control Conference.
The eulogies, by his long-standing colleagues Professors David Hill and Mike Daube, provided fascinating historical insights into the practice and the politics of research and advocacy.
Below are some of the stories told at the conference about a long and momentous life, starting first with the irresistible quote via Daube from the tobacco industry itself about Gray's role and influence, according to an internal Phillip Morris company document:
It is the Australian, Dr Gray, who appears to have done more than any other individual to bring the anti-tobacco movement together in an international sense, to exert pressure on governments and other influential bodies.
Daube added:
Nigel deserves to be remembered and revered as the father of tobacco control globally as well as in Australia. He developed the policies that are still today the core for all tobacco control, and for decades was the single most important figure in developing action internationally.
Please also read this earlier tribute from Rob Moodie and these collated at Cancer Council Victoria following Gray's death last December.
"All public health is politics"
Professor David Hill, Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne in both the School of Population and Global Health and the School of Psychological Sciences, said it was his good fortune to work with Gray for 27 years.
Gray arrived in 1968 at the then Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria (ACCV) from his previous job as Assistant Medical Director of the Royal Children's Hospital. Hill said:
I recall how rapidly his thoughtful analysis of the cancer scene identified tobacco as the pre-eminent target, and how he saw that public information alone would never solve the problem.
I don't recall him actually using infectious disease terms such as 'vector' at that time but his way of thinking showed that he knew the tobacco industry was the dangerous vector that had to be dealt with.
So, the story of Nigel Gray versus Big Tobacco began.
It's remarkable to consider how far we have come from then, when an ACCV study found that evening TV viewers in Melbourne in the late 1960s saw a cigarette ad every 12 minutes.
Gray persuaded an "understandably nervous" ACCV Executive Committee to commit $50,000 (that's $550,000 in today's dollars) to make and broadcast anti-smoking ads. Hill said:
Instead of tedious formalities such as working through actors' agents, I remember sitting in his office when he picked up the phone; dialled the hotel where Warren Mitchell (the British actor also known as Alf Garnett) was known to be staying; was miraculously put through to his room, where Warren miraculously picked up. "Hello, I'm Nigel Gray. You don't know me. I'm ringing because…(then followed a potent Gravian charm offensive).
See two of the highlights of the campaign here: "Alf's cough" and "Cancer Country".
Interestingly, Hill says the ads were not intended to make smokers quit: the target audience was the 120 or so members of the House of Representations with the aim to get federal parliament to legislate against TV and radio advertising of tobacco.
Among the satirical array of anti-ads there was "a serious hand grenade": Gray's idea to have a straight-faced appeal by Nobel Laureate in medicine Sir Macfarlane Burnet calling for cigarette advertising to be banned because it recruited teenagers into a deadly addiction. Hill said:
When Melbourne TV stations declined to accept bookings of the anti-ads on the grounds they 'knocked copy', that is to say denigrated another client's product, the stations in effect banned a Nobel Laureate from speaking out in the interests of our children's health.
This outrage then became the story. It ran for days until the stations capitulated and our campaign went to air.
The campaign kick-started public and parliamentary debate, which within three years saw the Whitlam Government legislate to phase out TV and radio advertising of tobacco in stages over three years.
Research the 'potent tool of the trade'
Hill said the commitment of the tobacco control sector to the collection over time of sound data on smoking prevalence has been "a potent tool of the trade". Other speakers at the conference agreed, urging "vigilance" to protect it.
Gray was the lead author of the first scientific paper on Australian smoking prevalence reported in the Medical Journal of Australia from a national sample survey done in 1974.
That and subsequent surveys were commissioned from the same market research company that sold its services to the tobacco industry, "a fact which could be turned to strategic advantage in neutralising industry criticism of the accuracy of the prevalence estimates".
Hill said the other great big-data resource has been the tobacco consumption records arising from the collection of federal excise duty.
He said excellent use has been made of these data by very able Australian researchers, who have quantified the relationships between price and consumption in the context of other interventions that also put downward pressure on smoking rates.
"This has enabled arguments in favour of tobacco control measures to be (almost literally) sugar-coated with revenue raising prospects for governments."
Regrets and missteps
Hill said not all potential benefits of research were taken up, and he regretted examples where "simple, cheap, and effective interventions are not implemented because to do so disturbs spurious bureaucratic or system obstacles", such as this research into changes to hospital forms used to collect data before admission.
There were also things "we did, but shouldn't have", he said, highlighting "a very early mistake" by Gray, himself and others to "pursue that illusory safe (or at least less dangerous) cigarette" – not knowing that smokers can get just as much nicotine and tar from a low tar cigarette by sucking harder or more frequently.
Hill said:
We had naively gifted to the tobacco industry a new market segment, which it disdainfully referred to as the 'hypochondriac' market.
There are moments in public health when the precautionary principle – acting judiciously in the absence of all the evidence you might like to have – should be applied.
But mostly it is dangerous to hasten before evidence exploring all the possibilities has been collected. We should have paused to do naturalistic studies of how smokers actually used these low tar variants. We would have discovered, as the industry already had, the flawed logic in promoting low tar cigarettes.
That parable may have present-day relevance, as we consider the advent of the e-cigarette.
Luck, opportunism, intrigue, & more
Many have written and spoken of Gray's pivotal role in the pace-setting Victorian Tobacco Act 1986, which Hill said was "arguably the most significant piece of state tobacco control legislation ever enacted in Australia".
The Act levied a state licence fee on tobacco retailers, some of which went to fund the new Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) to spend on health promotion, particularly but not exclusively on tobacco control. It also provided funds to sport and the arts to effectively buy out the tobacco companies that had been so heavily funding them.
Hill provided insights into the process, saying the planning and passing of the Bill is "a wonderful tale not only of clear-sighted strategising but also of luck, opportunism, inventiveness, intrigue, surprise – even religion!"
Perhaps most intriguingly it includes how the Shadow Health Minister not only backed the plans, but kept them confidential. See an edited run down from Hill below:
Luck helps. Nigel Gray was urging the then Health Minister, David White, to pitch for funding of screening mammography when, just as Nigel was about to leave the room, the Minister unexpectedly asked what the government could do about tobacco. It soon became apparent that Minister White was driven to make an impact on tobacco because his father had been killed by a tobacco-related disease.
Be ready when opportunity knocks. Nigel, though not expecting this opportunity, was ready for it. He didn't miss a beat presenting a few options to entice an interested Minister. But Nigel was far from prescriptive – rather he sensed that David White's appetite was for something innovative and bold, and so was begun a collaboration… or, as the tobacco industry would have said, a collusion.
Inventiveness. David White had in his office several extremely talented advisers who, with input from the Cancer Council, developed a proposal that was both technically and, more importantly, politically The Tobacco Bill would raise revenue under powers then available to the state (i.e., licence fees); it would spend money on programs to reduce the risk smoking (particularly it was cleverly emphasised, the risk of your kids smoking); whilst it did not promise motherhood, it did promise to fund the next best thing – medical research and health promotion more broadly; whilst it would not (and probably could not) attempt to ban tobacco advertising and promotion outright, it would provide the funds to outbid the tobacco industry in its support of sport and the arts. In a stroke, this converted nearly every community sports and arts organization in the State from being opponents into allies of tobacco control.
Intrigue. The Premier of the day, John Cain, was not at first keen on the idea, so the early intrigue required winning over Premier and Cabinet. I am not privy to much of that but I did get a glimpse of the politics during an interview with Bob Hogg who was the government's most senior adviser. The Cancer Council had done a public opinion survey to test public response to the kinds of measures being contemplated, which was generally quite favourable. I was called to Bob Hogg's office to explain and elaborate. I remember being both stunned and impressed by Mr Hogg's knowledge of survey methodology, his attention to detail, his nose for bias, and his challenging stance. There was no way he was going to rely on flawed survey data to support this legislation and expose his boss to political risk. Fortunately, our survey (a legitimate example of advocacy-driven research) passed his test. The next level of intrigue involved getting the Liberal opposition on side. We had a foothold in that Mark Birrell was the Shadow Minister of Health. Mr Birrell, had, as a Monash University student member of the Young Liberals proposed to State conference a policy to ban cigarette advertising (of course it had not succeeded). Nigel acted as the trusted go-between, apprising Mark Birrell of the proposal for a Bill, relying on him to keep confidences, and to start to prepare the ground among his Parliamentary colleagues. Liberal party support was essential since the Coalition controlled the Upper House. This was how bi-partisan support for the Bill was built, and bi-partisanship has carried on into the life of VicHealth to this day, with MPs from both sides sitting together on its Board. I am sure that the fact that VicHealth can be seen as a creature of Parliament accounts for much of its stability and durability.
Religion came into it too. Just to make sure all the bases were covered, Nigel, who was not religiously aligned himself, used his network of influential people to ensure that both the Catholic and Anglican Archbishops were briefed, were onside, and most importantly communicated their view to the political leaders. For example, he spoke to a palliative care colleague, who spoke to her husband (who was the head of major corporation and was a leading lay Anglican), and he spoke to his Archbishop.
Nigel Gray (L) with Victorian Minister for Health David White, Parliament House, Melbourne, 1987.
On the international stage
Nigel Gray retired as Director of the Anti-Cancer Council in 1996, after having led the organisation for 24 years. He took up part-year positions in Italy and France, which allowed him to write and speak extensively at international conferences for a decade. He served on the WHO Committee on tobacco regulation.
Mike Daube worked closely with him in those early years, when he was Director of Action on Smoking and Health in the UK.
Daube's tribute provided good context:
It is hard to appreciate now how difficult tobacco control work was then at the national level, let alone internationally, how minute the resources were, how little support there was, how powerful (and respectable) the industry was, quite simply how few people there were working in the area – with even fewer actually wanting to DO anything at the policy level, and how tough things could be personally for those of us working on tobacco control as a public health issue.
In retrospect, what we did was done with amazing nerve. We would waltz into countries, demand ahead of time that Cancer Councils and other groups provided support – which amazingly they did, bring people together, arrange site visits, organise regional workshops, demand – and get – plenary sessions on tobacco at cancer and other conferences where prevention had never previously been on the agenda, meet with Ministers, recruit new people, write further reports….just make things happen……. and happen they did.
There are many countries where the first action on tobacco or the first inspiration of activists on tobacco occurred because of Nigel's program.
And finally, another reminder of the importance of networks:
In Egypt, the Cancer Society's Patron was the President's wife, Madame Sadat. She met with us, heard Nigel speak and took the message home: the next morning President Sadat issued a decree banning TV cigarette advertising.
• Croakey's #OTCC15 conference coverage is compiled here and watch #OTCC15 Periscope interviews at Croakey TV.
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Q: Normal arguments vs. keyword arguments How are "keyword arguments" different from regular arguments? Can't all arguments be passed as name=value instead of using positional syntax?

A: Positional Arguments
They have no keywords before them. The order is important!
func(1,2,3, "foo")

Keyword Arguments
They have keywords in the front. They can be in any order!
func(foo="bar", baz=5, hello=123)

func(baz=5, foo="bar", hello=123)

You should also know that if you use default arguments and neglect to insert the keywords, then the order will then matter!
def func(foo=1, baz=2, hello=3): ...
func("bar", 5, 123)

A: There are two related concepts, both called "keyword arguments".
On the calling side, which is what other commenters have mentioned, you have the ability to specify some function arguments by name. You have to mention them after all of the arguments without names (positional arguments), and there must be default values for any parameters which were not mentioned at all.
The other concept is on the function definition side: you can define a function that takes parameters by name -- and you don't even have to specify what those names are. These are pure keyword arguments, and can't be passed positionally. The syntax is
def my_function(arg1, arg2, **kwargs)

Any keyword arguments you pass into this function will be placed into a dictionary named kwargs. You can examine the keys of this dictionary at run-time, like this:
def my_function(**kwargs):
    print str(kwargs)

my_function(a=12, b="abc")

{'a': 12, 'b': 'abc'}

A: There are two ways to assign argument values to function parameters, both are used.

*

*By Position.  Positional arguments do not have keywords and are assigned first.

*By Keyword.  Keyword arguments have keywords and are assigned second, after positional arguments.
Note that you have the option to use positional arguments.
If you don't use positional arguments, then -- yes -- everything you wrote turns out to be a keyword argument.
When you call a function you make a decision to use position or keyword or a mixture.  You can choose to do all keywords if you want.  Some of us do not make this choice and use positional arguments.

A: I'm surprised that no one seems to have pointed out that one can pass a dictionary of keyed argument parameters, that satisfy the formal parameters, like so.
>>> def func(a='a', b='b', c='c', **kwargs):
...    print 'a:%s, b:%s, c:%s' % (a, b, c)
...
>>> func()
a:a, b:b, c:c
>>> func(**{'a' : 'z', 'b':'q', 'c':'v'})
a:z, b:q, c:v
>>>

A: Using Python 3 you can have both required and non-required keyword arguments:

Optional: (default value defined for param 'b')
def func1(a, *, b=42):
    ...
func1(value_for_a) # b is optional and will default to 42

Required (no default value defined for param 'b'):
def func2(a, *, b):
    ...
func2(value_for_a, b=21) # b is set to 21 by the function call
func2(value_for_a) # ERROR: missing 1 required keyword-only argument: 'b'`

This can help in cases where you have many similar arguments next to each other especially if they are of the same type, in that case I prefer using named arguments or I create a custom class if arguments belong together.

A: There is one last language feature where the distinction is important. Consider the following function:
def foo(*positional, **keywords):
    print "Positional:", positional
    print "Keywords:", keywords

The *positional argument will store all of the positional arguments passed to foo(), with no limit to how many you can provide.
>>> foo('one', 'two', 'three')
Positional: ('one', 'two', 'three')
Keywords: {}

The **keywords argument will store any keyword arguments:
>>> foo(a='one', b='two', c='three')
Positional: ()
Keywords: {'a': 'one', 'c': 'three', 'b': 'two'}

And of course, you can use both at the same time:
>>> foo('one','two',c='three',d='four')
Positional: ('one', 'two')
Keywords: {'c': 'three', 'd': 'four'}

These features are rarely used, but occasionally they are very useful, and it's important to know which arguments are positional or keywords.

A: Using keyword arguments is the same thing as normal arguments except order doesn't matter. For example the two functions calls below are the same:
def foo(bar, baz):
    pass

foo(1, 2)
foo(baz=2, bar=1)

A: I'm surprised no one has mentioned the fact that you can mix positional and keyword arguments to do sneaky things like this using *args and **kwargs (from this site):
def test_var_kwargs(farg, **kwargs):
    print "formal arg:", farg
    for key in kwargs:
        print "another keyword arg: %s: %s" % (key, kwargs[key])

This allows you to use arbitrary keyword arguments that may have keys you don't want to define upfront.

A: I was looking for an example that had default kwargs using type annotation:
def test_var_kwarg(a: str, b: str='B', c: str='', **kwargs) -> str:
     return ' '.join([a, b, c, str(kwargs)])

example:
>>> print(test_var_kwarg('A', c='okay'))
A B okay {}
>>> d = {'f': 'F', 'g': 'G'}
>>> print(test_var_kwarg('a', c='c', b='b', **d))
a b c {'f': 'F', 'g': 'G'}
>>> print(test_var_kwarg('a', 'b', 'c'))
a b c {}

A: Just suplement/add a way for defining the default value of arguments that is not assigned in key words when calling the function:
def func(**keywargs):
if 'my_word' not in keywargs:
    word = 'default_msg'
else:
    word = keywargs['my_word']
return word

call this by:
print(func())
print(func(my_word='love'))

you'll get:
default_msg
love

read more about *args and **kwargs in python: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-args-and-kwargs-in-python-3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Watford face Stoke City at Vicarage Road on 28/10/17, with both teams facing particularly different starts to this first quarter of the Premier League season. Watford will have felt unfortunate to have gone down 4-2 away to Chelsea last weekend, with Stoke losing 2-1 at home to Bournemouth in their last outing. Read on for a full match preview complete with betting tips and predictions.
The hosts have looked excellent under Marco Silva this season, establishing themselves in the top six after nine games. Stoke meanwhile look short of confidence and ideas at present, with the hosts looking good value this weekend.
Marco Silva may still be wondering how his team were unable to come away from Chelsea with at least a point last weekend, eventually going down 4-2 at Stamford Bridge. Pedro put the hosts in front early in the first half, but strikes from Abdoulaye Doucoure and Roberto Pereyra stunned the defending champions, who were 2-1 behind with 40 minutes to play. Richarlison then missed two glorious chances which could've put the Hornets out of sight, instead two Michy Batshuayi efforts either side of a Cesar Azpilicueta goal saw Chelsea come away with three points. Having also defeated Arsenal the week prior, Watford have shown they are capable of competing with the league's big boys so far - other than when being defeated 6-0 by Manchester City. There is real confidence and continuity in this team, with Silva drilling each player to ensure they know their role in the team, as is being shown by their performances and results on the pitch. Away from home they have been particularly impressive, though they will be looking to improve at Vicarage Road following a win, a defeat and two draws from their first four games on home turf so far this season.
Younes Kaboul (hamstring), Craig Cathcart and Nathaniel Chalobah (both knee) are all out this weekend. Sebastian Prodl (hamstring) and Isaac Success (leg) are both doubts.
This fixture is entering must-win territory for Stoke City boss Mark Hughes following a significant 2-1 defeat at home to Bournemouth. Significant because the Cherries, like Stoke, had been struggling heading into the fixture, with Bournemouth now sitting just a point behind the Potters in the table. Andrew Surman's cultured finish put Bournemouth ahead, with Junior Stanislas netting just two minutes later from the penalty spot to leave the Potters 2-0 behind after 20 minutes. Mame Biram Diouf did pull one back for the hosts in the second half but they were unable to ultimately build on it, leaving Stoke 17th heading into this weekend's round of fixtures. Since winning promotion to the Premier League, the Potters have never particularly looked like a team in danger of facing the drop, but their current start to this season has to be of real concern to Peter Coates and the rest of the Stoke board. With just one win from their last eight games, they have managed to somewhat carry over their form from the back end of last season into this, having finished 2016/17 with just two wins from eleven. Hughes, along with Slaven Bilic, is under severe pressure to get a result this weekend or potentially face the possibility of the sack.
Bruno Martins Indi (calf) is still doubtful for Stoke, but Xherdan Shaqiri (ankle) could return. Stephen Ireland (broken leg) remains absent.


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Women's IPL teams auction: BCCI set for another Rs 4,000 crore windfall
Among the traditional IPL teams, Mumbai Indians, Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Capitals, KKR could seriously contemplate to add to the bouquet of their already existing men's teams across the globe
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The BCCI is all set to get richer by up to Rs 4,000 crore with some of the top business houses set to bid aggressively for the five Women's IPL (WIPL) teams that would be auctioned on Wednesday. According to market experts, the teams are expected to shell out in the "range of 500 to 600 crore INR" per team in the closed-bid auction.
"WIPL has huge potential but most of the legacy teams would like to mix optimism with pragmatism," an industry insider, who has previously worked on men's IPL team bid, told PTI ahead of auction. "Expect a few bids in the range of Rs 500 crore upwards. Rs 800 crore plus could be a bit ambitious but BCCI won't complain," he added.
More than 30 odd companies have bought the bid documents worth Rs 5 lakh including all the 10 men's IPL team. Well-known corporate houses such as Adani group, Torrent group, Haldiram's Prabhuji, Capri Global, Kotak and Aditya Birla Group have also shown interest in buying a team.
Some of these companies were unsuccessful when BCCI invited bids for two new men's teams in 2021.
Among the traditional IPL teams, Mumbai Indians, Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Capitals, KKR could seriously contemplate to add to the bouquet of their already existing men's teams across the globe.
According to market insiders, there are two principles on which these bids are placed by the business houses. First one is "Return on Investment" (ROI), which is the core principal of any business. It is profit on what an entity spends. The second one isn't a business principle as such but in business community they call it "Return of Ego".
This is something where some of the biggest business names are ready to shell out any amount if they have their eyes on buying a particular property. Even if it takes five to seven years for touching breakeven point. It's about wanting to purchase something at any cost An existing IPL franchise with its "steady revenue stream" in place can afford to "bleed" a bit more in initial years which is imperative.
A former IPL franchisee official, who had once worked on bids, explained the rationale which goes into the bidding.
"Let's say, a franchise makes a winning bid of Rs 500 crore for a period of five years. Now that's Rs 100 crore committed straightaway for each of next five years," the source explained.
Now what will be source of earning for the franchises? "The BCCI distributes its media broadcast revenue which is one of the major earning chunk. The second is a share from BCCI's central pool of sponsorship. The third is a franchisee's own set of sponsorship earnings. Fourth is gate sales, money earned from tickets," he elaborated.
So what could be a franchisee's earning from WIPL's media revenue pool.
"The BCCI in case of Women's IPL is going to share 80 percent of media rights money with the teams (in case of men, it's 50:50) to help them develop a sustainable model.
"So what will be the mathematics over here? JIO has brought media rights for five years at Rs 950 crore (approx) which is roughly Rs 190 crore per year. So 80 percent of 190 crore is 152 crore.
"Let's make it a round figure of Rs 150 crore. That's what each franchise gets over a period of five years which approximately Rs 30 crore per annum," he explained.
"Now BCCI will also distribute a chunk of its central pool of sponsorship (title sponsor, co sponsors, various award sponsors) also with franchise. Add to it franchisee's own revenue pool also. So it could be anything between Rs 15 to Rs 18 crore per year. Gate sales won't earn you a great deal in first year," he said.
So the per year earning for a team is expected to be Rs 50 crore.
Now apart from Rs 100 crore franchisee fee per year, what will be the other expenses.
"There is a salary cap of Rs 12 crore for the squad. Add another 6 to 8 crore on salary of support staff. Let's make it Rs 20 crore. Add the hotel expenses, fees paid to state associations for stadium and other operational costs. It could be anything between Rs 6 to 8 crore. First year single city would reduce expenses.
"So the cumulative expenses per year could be Rs 128 to Rs 130 crore. The earnings would be around Rs 50 crore. So there is a chance during first few years, there would be a loss of Rs 50 crore or more," he explained.
Herein lies the catch.
"The legacy franchises (MIPL) are better placed to offset these losses as they are already making profits after 15 years of IPL. They will club their men's and women's team together and perhaps quickly make the profit zone," the official added.
The five-team WIPL will be played in the month of March in Mumbai at a couple of venues.
(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
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A few years ago, Lady Tumbleweed posted a video on her YouTube channel, which I recently spotted again, about how easy it was for drivers to find ways to exercise at truck stops. As a retired owner-operator, and now a professional dog trainer, that got me thinking about our canine copilots, who ride (and sit) for the same number of miles each day that we do. Are we meeting their exercise needs?
Since truckers often find themselves at unfamiliar locations that usually border roads and highways, exercise for their dogs is dangerous if not handled properly. A dog that gets loose and wanders is unable to easily find its way home, may be picked up as a stray (and the trucker may be forced to move on before locating the dog, or lose the job that feeds his/her family) or worse, the dog could enter a road/highway and be killed by a vehicle. Thus, in my opinion, all truckers' dogs should be microchipped, and the owner's info must kept updated in the chip company's database. That way, animal control personnel, shelters, or veterinarians can get in touch, should the dog come to their facilities and be scanned.
Before starting an exercise regimen on the road, drivers need to do some preparation. Dogs must wear sturdy equipment they can't wriggle out of, to which is affixed their identification tag and license. The best collar, in my opinion, for a truck dog, is a plain cloth martingale, or "limited slip" collar with the driver's cell phone number embroidered on it. Martingales go on over the dog's head, and are then adjusted for fit, so that they don't choke the dog, but do prevent the dog from slipping out of the collar if he pulls backward.
In addition, because exercising is going to require that the dog be on a long leash, a non-chafing, no pull escape-proof harness is also recommended. To that, the training lead can then be attached. Training leads come in longer lengths than the one linked, or several can be tied together using a non-slip knot.
Now that the dog is outfitted, how do we exercise? One of the best ways is to just use the dog's regular food (so no extra calories) to teach him to play a "find it" game. You can also use games to help build attention, too, so that your dog learns to want to stay with you, instead of running off, in the event that you ever accidentally drop the leash. Another exercise option, for dogs that like it, are fetch games with balls or discs, or even flirt poles.
For dogs whose environment is limited (a truck cab is a very small space, even if you love the person you're riding with), mental stimulation is quite important, too. Puzzle feeders and toys are much better than plain old boring bowls! Only caveat – dogs need human supervision whenever they are playing with toys or puzzles. Training is also good for mental exercise, and has the added benefit of keeping your copilot safer, so you can enjoy many more miles together!


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Exactly the same as Summer Mode!
This is pretty much the first snow we've had in the Midlands and it's still going strong!
Love this blog mate. Inspired me to get on with my car again. Keep up the good work dude.
Robin, really glad I got you back working on your car! Send me some pics!
lol, it looks like your miata has a frozen mustache in the first pic!
Lookin sick. Do you slide it any? Whatever happened to the 16 inch star rims?


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About Arthur J. Boylan
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A Magistrate Judge Reflects on Mediating the National Football League Lockout
October 9, 2014 10:12 am Comments Off on A Magistrate Judge Reflects on Mediating the National Football League Lockout
In early April 2011, the Hon. Susan Richard Nelson, U.S. District Judge for the District of Minnesota, ordered the parties in the case of Tom Brady v. National Football League to enter court- supervised mediation.
Plaintiffs' class action complaint alleged violations of federal antitrust laws and, among other remedies, sought injunctive relief against the National Football League and each of its teams. Plaintiffs' action was commenced following a league-wide lockout of players by owners of each of the NFL's teams. The case immediately drew nationwide media attention.
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Plumber and spray painter high-risk occupations for asthma
by University of Gothenburg
Despite known risks and recommendations for protective equipment, many people are still affected with asthma after exposure to chemicals at work. This is the finding of an international study of 13,000 people carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Asthma is among the most common adult diseases in the world. Despite the fact that the risks of chemical exposure have long been known and that there are well-established recommendations for handling chemicals and protective equipment, many cases of asthma are still caused by exposure to toxic substances at work.
A study at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, has tracked asthma cases among 13,000 randomly selected adults in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Estonia from 1980 to 2000. According to the study, 429 people had asthma during this period. Seven percent of cases among women were linked to workplace exposure—and among men, the number
The study found that total incidence was 1.3 asthma cases per 1,000 men, and 2.4 cases per 1,000 women. "To be able to work proactively, it is essential to show which substances at work increase the risk of asthma and which occupations are high-risk," says Linnea Lillienberg, researcher at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
According to the study, high-risk occupations include:
spray painters, who are exposed to diisocyanates in paint
plumbers, who handle adhesives and foam insulation
cleaners, who handle detergents
health care and social services personnel, who are exposed to detergents and latex in latex gloves, especially if the gloves contain powder
food and tobacco industry workers, who are exposed to proteins from the vegetable kingdom
hair stylists, who handle chemicals in bleach and nail beauticians, who use fast-acting glue.
"Some people are more susceptible than others. For example, people with hay fever have asthma more often if they're exposed to proteins from plants and animals. But if we look at individuals with no increased susceptibility, the risk was greater among those who were exposed to epoxy and diisocyanates, which are found in glue, varnish and foam plastic. Among women without hay fever, the risk was particularly elevated among those who handled detergents," says Linnea Lillienberg.
The study, "Occupational Exposure and New-onset Asthma in a Population-based Study in Northern Europe (RHINE)" was published in The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
Provided by University of Gothenburg
Citation: Plumber and spray painter high-risk occupations for asthma (2013, January 15) retrieved 27 January 2023 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-plumber-painter-high-risk-occupations-asthma.html
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Overnight Finance - 1h 1m ago
Bob Dole 'disappointed' in Jeb Bush for skipping convention
by TheHill.com - 07/16/16 5:06 PM ET
Bob Dole, the 1996 GOP presidential nominee, said he's disappointed in Jeb Bush for sitting out the Republican National Convention.
{mosads}Dole, who initially endorsed Bush for president before the former Florida governor dropped out, said he should unite behind the party and support presumptive GOP presidential nominee Donald Trump.
"I'm really disappointed that he's now — I watched him on TV going after Trump. I mean, Trump was on the stage with him and Trump said some things that I know upset Jeb, but they did sign the pledge," Dole said in an interview with The Washington Post.
"I am sorry I'm not going to see him in Cleveland."
All of the Republican presidential candidates signed a pledge during the primaries that they would support the eventual nominee, and Trump has repeatedly lashed out at Bush and other rivals who continue to criticize him.
Bush has said he won't vote for Trump or presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, and in an op-ed in The Washington Post Saturday he wrote: "I do not believe Donald Trump reflects the principles or inclusive legacy of the Republican Party. And I sincerely hope he doesn't represent its future."
Dole noted that he attended the 1988 convention after getting beaten in the primaries by Bush's father, President George H.W. Bush.
"I have great respect for the Bush family, particularly Bush 41," Dole said.
Dole endorsed Trump in May, saying it is important to honor the voters' wishes, support Trump and defeat Clinton.


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Maca Is Good for More Than Your Mojo
Swapping Lettuce for Sprouts and Microgreens Can Help You Meet Several Daily Vitamin Requirements
Worm Therapy to Treat Inflammatory Disorders
Ancient Peruvians used maca root in both food and medicinal capacities, perhaps most notably to increase fertility, heighten sexual function and boost mood
The antioxidants, vitamins, 20 amino acids and as many fatty acids in maca help balance hormones, boost memory and focus, relieve menopausal symptoms and ease stress
Maca has been shown to preserve bone mineral density, increase strength and endurance and possibly reduce men's prostate cancer risk
Ground into a powder, 1 to 3 tablespoons of maca can be sprinkled into smoothies or trail mix
Superfoods seem to be more plentiful today than they've ever been. One of the best, but lesser known, is an ancient root vegetable called maca, belonging to the same cruciferous family as kale and cauliflower. However, maca is most closely associated with mustard, turnip, cabbage, garden cress and watercress.1
Grown in the Peruvian mountains, maca's history is long and distinguished, as it was used even earlier than the Incans for both food and traditional medicine. Its most notable use was to proliferate fertility in both men and women and, serendipitously, increase sexual desire. That may be why another name for it is Peruvian ginseng.2
Today, maca is taking on new life with clinically proven and remarkable health benefits, both as a food and supplement. Studies show it to improve mood and memory, lower stress levels, treat osteoporosis, protect against UV radiation,3 help balance hormones4 and perform a dozen other functions.
Similar to a turnip, maca root (Lepidium meyenii) is the world's highest-growing cultivated crop, still flourishing in the rocky soil, high winds, intense sunlight and widely fluctuating temperatures of the Andes Mountains, at altitudes at or above 13,000 feet. Rain Tree, a tropical plant database, notes certain basics of the maca root:
"It is rich in sugars, protein, starches, and essential nutrients (especially iodine and iron). The tuber or root is consumed fresh or dried. The fresh roots are considered a treat and are baked or roasted in ashes (in the same manner as sweet potatoes).
The dried roots are stored and, later, boiled in water or milk to make a porridge. They also are made into a popular sweet, fragrant, fermented drink called maca chicha. In Peru even maca jam, pudding and sodas are popular. The tuberous roots have a tangy, sweet taste and an aroma similar to that of butterscotch."5
Maca roots are still grown, harvested, sun-dried and ground down to powder form. Its "earthy, nutty" essence is often sprinkled in such dishes as oatmeal, smoothies and trail mix. A good place to start might be 1 tablespoon daily, working up to three per day for maximum benefits.
More on Maca: Nutritional Aspects and Health Benefits
There are several phytonutrients in maca,6 including more than 20 amino acids, eight of them essential, as well as minerals, vitamins, fiber and 20 "good" fatty acids, such as oleic and linolenic. Vitamins B1, B2, C and E are plentiful, plus maca has more calcium than milk, and a copper level similar to that found in lentils.
In terms of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) percentages maca offers for daily intake, Authority Nutrition7 notes that just 1 ounce (28 grams) provides:
✓ Vitamin C: 133 percent RDI
✓ Copper: 85 percent RDI
✓ Iron: 23 percent RDI
✓ Potassium: 16 percent RDI
✓ Vitamin B6: 15 percent RDI
✓ Manganese: 10 percent RDI
What can all these nutritional attributes do for people who consume maca? According to Rain Tree:
"The nutritional value of dried maca root is high … It contains 60-75 percent carbohydrates, 10-14 percent protein, 8.5 percent fiber, and 2.2 percent lipids.
The protein content of maca exists mainly in the form of polypeptides and amino acids (including significant amounts of arginine, serine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and threonine).8
Maca for Your Thyroid
As a dried root, maca can be stored for as long as seven years. It can range in color from back to white and many colors in between, such as purple, orange or green. The color is significant, because the darker the root, the more iodine is present, making it a natural substance to help prevent goiters.
The Maca Team, dedicated to getting this little-known superfood "out there" for people to experience its organically grown nutritional benefits, notes that iodine is very important for thyroid health. One teaspoon contains .025 milligrams (mg); 4 teaspoons contain 100 percent of the RDI. It's also important to note that maca:
"Is essential in helping the thyroid gland to produce hormones. Beyond that, iodine supports healthy metabolism, balanced moods, healthy blood pressure and may also be useful in preventing cancer.
A lack of iodine in your diet can lead to goiters, hypothyroidism, low metabolism, problems in pregnancy, depression, mood disorders, fatigue and other conditions resulting from hormonal imbalance."9
It should be noted that maca contains sulfur-containing glucosinolates. As a result, a side effect of eating maca in very high amounts is that it could potentially cause goiter. According to the University of Michigan Medicine:
"Glucosinolates can cause goiter (swollen thyroid gland with decreased activity) if taken in excess combined with a low-iodine diet. Though this is documented to occur with other glucosinolate-rich foods, it is not known if maca causes goiter."10
There is also some suggestion that the iodine in maca may cause goiter, but according to The Maca Team, "Based on the amount of iodine in [m]aca it is highly unlikely that taking [m]aca alone will contribute to the formation of a goiter even in people with a compromised thyroid gland."11
Nutritional Benefits of Maca for Men and Women
One of the most dramatic contributions maca provides is its ability to improve libido in men,12 but with the added benefit shown in other studies that it does so without affecting testosterone or any other sex hormone.13 The University of Michigan Medicine recommends 1,500 or 3,000 mg per day for eight weeks for this purpose.
Further, this root has demonstrated increased sperm counts, sperm motility and semen volume,14 for which UMM recommended the same amount with an open-ended time frame.
As an example, one study reported that, taken as a supplement, strength and endurance athletes, in this case cyclists, reported improved cycling time and, as an aside, increased sex drive.15
For older men, prostate issues may appear, and maca has been shown in animal studies to deal with two of the most troubling by reducing prostate size16 and possibly reducing men's prostate cancer risk, although more tests are needed.
Menopause, the bane of many women as middle age approaches, is often accompanied by hot flashes. Studies have shown maca to have positive effects on both of these by balancing female hormones. Supplemental amounts suggested were 2.5 to 3 grams per day for six to 12 weeks.17
Regarding depression experienced by some women associated with menopause, one study noted that maca:
"Reduces psychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and lowers measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women independent of estrogenic and androgenic activity."18
Additional Maca Benefits
Maca is an "adaptogen," which describes a natural substance that helps your body deal with such stressors as alarm clocks, traffic jams and illness, among others.19
An animal study reported that maca extracts given over 28 weeks appeared to preserve bone mineral density compared to placebos, increase femur diameter and calcium content more than control agents and normalize bone mineral density.20 Paraphrasing a Chinese study, the Maca Team21 noted:
"Dietary supplementation with [m]aca may have potential effects on prevention of postmenopausal lipid abnormality and bone metabolism via a different mechanism from estrogen."22
Studies also indicate that maca may make you feel more energized and alert for a day at the office or before playing sports, with the added benefits of quick results after taking it, and no nervous "jitters" such as you might experience after drinking coffee. Muscle Health Fitness notes that workout performance may be improved:
"In addition to carbohydrate, maca root contains easily digestible high-quality protein, small amounts of essential fats, and minerals such as zinc, calcium and magnesium, all of which have been shown to improve performance and reduce recovery time when taken before, during and/or after a workout."23
Additionally, taking maca root supplements doesn't necessarily claim to help control diabetes, but a 2007 study found that after taking them for two weeks, animals fed a high-sucrose diet demonstrated "significantly improved glucose tolerance" and lowered levels of glucose in their blood.24
How to Take Maca Supplements
Maca should be taken gradually at first, e.g., taking a small amount for a few days and determining how your body reacts before upping your dosages.25 Because of its effects on hormone levels, physicians say people who rely on hormone-altering medications for diseases like breast or prostate cancer, high blood pressure or other serious conditions should avoid eating or taking maca; the same is advised for pregnant or nursing women.26
Over time, your body can start taking the nutrients in maca for granted; in other words, they don't seem to do as much "good." Consequently, some nutritionists recommend that you take maca tablets for short periods rather than daily for months. Some suggest six weeks on and six weeks off.27
As a supplement, maca studies often used 500 to 1,000 mg three times daily.28 One reason maca is suggested as a supplement, according to Examine, is that "maca root does not taste nice, [and has] a very dirt-like grassy taste; capsules are generally better liked than powders for the uninitiated."29 However, others say maca has a "pleasant" taste.30 Superfoods like maca provide something wild, fresh and extra-nutritional that processed foods can't:
"Call them what you will, foods with high nutrient levels are going to be superfoods when compared to the depleted, over-hybridized, GMO, soil depleted, and over farmed varieties we are all used to consuming from the common grocery and even health food store!
The problems with the modern food supply are many. One of the biggest that even traditional foodies frequently don't seem to grasp is the significant loss of both mainline nutrients — minerals, vitamins, protein and the like — from our food combined with the loss of other types of beneficial compounds and phytonutrients over the past few hundred years."31
Because this is true on nearly every level for nearly every food, maca represents a safe primeval food source with nutritional attributes that supersede many others, especially in terms of the conditions it targets.
1, 3 Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012 193496
2, 29 Examine 2011-2017
4 Int J Biomed Sci 2006 September; 2(3):260-272
5, 8 Rain Tree 1996
6, 19, 26, 30 Top 5 Health Benefits of Maca Powder and Pure Healing Foods, Maca
7 Authority Nutrition 2012-2017
9, 22 The Maca Team 2017
10 University of Michigan Medicine June 1, 2015
11 The Maca Team, Maca and Iodine Content
12 Andrologia. 2002 December; 34(6):367-72
13 J Endocrinol. 2003 January; 176(1):163-8
14, 28 Asian J Androl. 2001 December;3(4):301-3
15 J Ethnopharmacol 2009 December 10;126(3):574-6
16 Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2005 January 20;3:5
17 Maturitis. 2011 November; 70(3):227-33
18 Menopause. 2008 November-December;15(6):1157-62
20 J Ethnopharmacol 2006 April 21; 105(1-2):274-9
21 Wei Sheng Yan Jui. 2009 July; 38(4):420-2, 425
23 Muscle-Health-Fitness December 16, 2012
24 Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2007 June;62(2):59-63
25, 27, 31 The Healthy Home Economist February 28, 2017
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When it comes to 3D printing clear parts, it's important to understand the clarity options available to you. Depending on your design requirements, the clarity level can play an integral role in your design review.
Here are 3 options for 3D printing clear parts to help you make the best material choice for your part. To learn more, check out our Capabilities Guide.
Unfinished VeroClear material is more frosty than it is transparent. Its best use is for parts that require some translucency, but not optical clarity.
You can achieve more optical clarity with VeroClear material by finishing it.
To do this, we hand-sand the surface to remove build lines and then finish the surface with a 2-part polyurethane clear coat.
A finished VeroClear part is great for designs that require clarity for functional purposes (e.g., reading a sensor or checking internal component positioning).
Price: Generally mid-range, but is dependent on volume & geometry. Ask us for a quote.
Acura 60 provides the best visual clarity for parts. This material is best suited to mimic glass aesthetically and is great choice when creating packaging or housings that require optimal clarity.
Price: Generally high, but also dependent on volume & geometry. Ask us for a quote.
The advent of 3D-printable transparent materials has opened doors to new possibilities with rapid prototyping for optical applications.
One of the most important considerations when designing parts for 3D printing is the wall thickness.


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Very little is known about this area of Cornwall in the fifteenth century, but it is thought that the land was occupied in small individual settlements, based on farms, situated inland away from the coast. The coast was subject to raids from Spain, France and North Africa and people living inland were sheltered from both the prevailing winds and these persistent marauders.
This country was Roman Catholic until the sixteenth century. Henry VIII forced a split with Rome in order to manage his marital affairs and thereby caused the Reformation (1537-1540). Whilst the country at large was being severely tested in issues of religious persuasion, locally the business of catching pilchards and pressing them into barrels for export to Spain, flourished. The massive stone built Pilchard Cellars remain a distinctive feature of our coast.
The castles at Falmouth (Pendennis) and St Mawes were built in the period 1539-1545, as defensive measures against France and Spain. Privateers and Pirates waged unofficial war against Spanish shipping and Captain Hicks of Saltash became infamous in these activities. Between 1586 and 1591 two forts were constructed on the local shoreline, each with a single muzzle-loaded 12 pounder. It is interesting to conjecture about the attitudes of any men on duty when the Spanish Armada arrived in 1588. Although the Armada was defeated by Drake and the weather the Spanish threat continued and included the occupation of Brittany in 1590 (a direct threat to Cornwall) and the raids on Mousehole, Newlyn and Penzance in 1595. The local response to these unsettled times was to make the village sea walls defensive features, after which Garrett Street is named.
The Rev Robert Browne of Southwark was one of the first to dissent by advocating religious separation from the Church of England. He advocated an early church constitution which would later be known as Congregationalism. Robert Browne saw the Church of England as being in a state of moral disrepair and Catholicism. Rather than reforming the Church from within, Browne sought out a new "true church" ethic. Browne was only an active Separatist from 1579-1585. While awaiting charges in 1633 for allegedly striking a policeman, his own godson, Browne was arrested and put in prison. He became ill, and died in the Northampton prison at the very ripe old age of 83.
The term Brownists was a common designation for early Separatists before 1620. Brownists, Independents, and Separatists were all used somewhat interchangeably for those nonconformists who broke with the Church of England.
The seventeenth century saw a slow expansion of the village. Kingsand was in Devon and Cawsand in Cornwall, so that there were two parish churches, at Maker and Rame. This text uses "village" to mean both original villages. In 1653 Rev John Deeble was ejected from the incumbency of Maker Church. Possibly this was because of anti-parliamentarian attitudes as it was a Crown appointment. However, a note was made that those who left the church followed religious worship at the Meeting House in Cawsand. This is the first reference to the probable origins of this church.
The eighteenth century was the peak period for smuggling and the village was the centre of this activity in which many people were involved. Many houses, rather than cottages, were built around 1750. The village was prosperous, for in addition to smuggling, it victualled the ships that anchored in Cawsand Bay where they were sheltered, and from where they could usually sail. Anchoring elsewhere was hazardous until the Breakwater was completed in 1841. The Amherst and Cawsand Batteries were completed in 1779 and these made the earlier forts redundant.
A conveyance dated 9th May 1792 attests the purchase of the Fort for £63. An Agreement dated 28th May 1792 is for the building of a new Meeting House for £220. The fort purchased was one of those made redundant in 1779. (Note that the cannon embedded in the wall of the sea defence adjacent to the church is much bigger than a 12-pounder.) The fact that the money for the purchase of the site and the building of the new Meeting House was readily available clearly indicates a considerable body of worshipping people who had been meeting in an older building. The new Meeting House at Cawsand opened on 19th July 1793, with William Read as Minister of the Gospel.
The documents refer to "that waste piece and plot of ground called the Fort" and "lately built on the said piece or plot of ground a Chapel or Meeting House for religious worship and two cellars under the said chapel" The Incumbent was required to subscribe to: The doctrine of original sin; Personal election free and unconditional justification of the blood and righteousness of Christ alone through faith only—effectual calling and the Perseverance of the saints.
Little is known about the original building but it is thought that the church was built on an E/W line, long and narrow, with a high pulpit at the eastern end with a spiral staircase.
The nineteenth century was a time when the perceived threat from France brought about
the building of a protective ring of fortifications around Plymouth; to be known later as Palmerston's follies. They included Fort Picklecombe (1849) Polhawn Battery (1862-67) and the Garden Battery (1862-63). This century was also peak time for church attendance. In 1878 chapels of ease, St Andrew's and St Paul's were built in Cawsand and Kingsand respectively. The Millbrook Methodist church was completed in 1874 and a major rebuild of this church was undertaken in 1884.
A Conveyance dated 13th April 1855 confirms the possession of "the Smith's shop, premises known as Island House" to the church. This was a legal tidying of earlier documents and reflected a descendant ensuring that the intentions of the original owner were sustained.
In 1880 the Rev. Rowse departed the church because of his Swedenborg views.
It is probable that the south wall is partly original but the present structure was essentially completed in 1884. The new church was wider and higher and had a gallery. There was a large window in the eastern end, facing the sea. Pews had doors and cards to identify pew holders who paid pew rents. The cellars beneath were developed into the existing hall. The cost was £625. The ironwork came from the Sun Foundry of George Smith at 64 Port Dundas Road, Glasgow and shows classic Art Nouveau design features.
The twentieth century saw the east window removed and an organ loft built as a tower extension. The alterations cost £84 in 1909. The organ was built by Alfred Tucker of Plymouth for £150 (the organ stool was an additional 16 shillings.) In 1919 the arch in front of the organ was re designed and a rostrum built that embodied a pulpit. Until 1925 paraffin lamps illuminated the church. At about this time an electric pump for the organ was installed in the church hall. Previously the organ was hand pumped. In 1931 a vestry and toilet was built over the kitchen to the hall (usually referred to as the Sunday School at the time). On 5th November 1978 a fire broke out; probably from the heating boiler.
In 1941 the two Anglican parishes of Maker and Rame became one.
The twenty-first century saw the church in such decline that it was staggering towards permanent closure. Such an end would have seen the whole site, including the Manse, sold on the open market.
In August 2000 (for the record, some of us consider this to be in the twentieth century)
Rev Jill Stephens and her husband George camped in the church, opened the doors and invited people to talk about the future. The spirited personal commitment of Jill and George created a regenerating enthusiasm amongst a small group of people who have worked hard to ensure that the church continues as a servant of its community. Considerable refurbishment and development have taken place and George's personal professional knowledge, skills, vision and hard work have been of enormous value. We are now working hard to lead the church forward as a team. We do not have a clear picture of the future but we are travelling together in hope.
Acknowledgement is made of the unpublished work of R H H Eddey completed in 1979.
Paul Buet September 2008
The Church Organ
Cawsand from the sea.
Church from the sea
Kingsand bay


Abstract Building the Environmental Valuation System This study deals with the issue of the biases in the contingent valuation method (CVM) in environmental valuations, especially focusing to the hypothetical bias in CVM. Since the exactness of a value which is estimated by CVM is a cornerstone for a rational and efficient environmental policy through a cost-benefit analysis, it is a crucial issue to investigate if there is a bias in the value estimated through CVM. As a result, there have been great efforts to find and sort possible biases in CVM. A guideline published in 1993 by NOAA is a product of such efforts, and it effectively suggests the ways to reduce or eliminate various biases. However, it is rather silent for the reason and solution of the hypothetical bias which has been regarded as the most problematic one in CVM. In fact, the serious efforts to resolve the hypothetical bias has been exerted soon after the NOAA guideline published. Unfortunately, the reason of the hypothetical bias is not yet exactly known and hence there is no clear solution either. This study mainly attempts to suggest the reason and solution of the hypothetical bias while briefly summarizing the other biases. While the problem of the hypothetical bias is a fundamental and general one, there could still be a bias if a researcher using CVM does not follow the various suggestions from a the guideline to reduce many possible biases. Thus, this could be a practical problem in CVM. One of the purpose of this study is to investigate whether this kind of practical problem exists in various CVM studies done in Korea. Thus we tackle and combine two different but entangled issues - the issue of the hypothetical bias and the issue of how a CVM study in Korea is actually done - for the ultimate purpose of improving the validity of the valuation results from CVM. In chapter 2, we briefly summarise the bases and issues in environmental valuation including (1) why we have to value environmental goods, (2) what we mean by the concept of value, (3) why CVM is so important in environmental valuation, (4) what the procedure of doing a CVM study is, (5) what possible biases are in CVM (6) what the solutions for the biases which has suggested up to now are. In chapter 3, we collect data of environmental valuation studies using CVM in Korea and summarise according to the methodological aspects and the type of an environmental good. We find that some operations which has to be done in order to reduce a bias are largely neglected. For example, a few studies have still used a voluntary contribution to elicit a respondent's willingness-to-pay (WTP) and many studies do not include enough information on the survey design and method. These findings would partly explain why a very similar valuation studies using similar methods gives significantly varied results and would cast a doubt to the credibility of the environmental valuations using CVM done in Korea. In chapter 4, we move to the fundamental problem in CVM: that is, the issue of the hypothetical hypothesis. After we sketch the candidates of the reason and solution on the hypothetical bias, we introduce a new view about the reason of it. We argue that the hypothetical bias may be a personality of an individual. Our experimental study partially proves this perspective: the hypothetical bias at WTP from CVM increases with that at risk attitudes. This result implies that censoring and removing respondents who is subject to the hypothetical bias is the only and ultimate way to eliminate the hypothetical bias in CVM while affirming the hypothetical incentive compatibility may be a eclectic way to reduce it. In chapter 5, we summarise the results in this study and suggests the contents with which should be dealt in a guideline for CVM. The guideline should comprehensively contain from the ways to resolve fundamental problems including the hypothetical bias to the ways to correct practical problems. We suggest some necessary contents which should be included in such a guideline. We believe that this list effectively summarizes the main results of this study and could be a cornerstone for a complete guideline for CVM.


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Home » Events » Editor in Residence » Past Fellows
Past Editor in Residence Fellows:
Fall 2017 – October 25, 2017
Eric Zinner is the Associate Director and Editor-in-Chief of New York University Press where he directs and manages the editorial program. His acquisitions include prize-winning books in American studies, literary and cultural studies, and media and communication, among other areas. During his two decades at the press, he has launched a number of series, including: Sexual Cultures, Keywords, Crip: New Directions in Disability Studies, Postmillennial Pop, America and the Long 19th Century, Performance and American Studies, and Critical Cultural Communication. Press-wide, his responsibilities include engaging the long-term strategic, financial, and operational issues inherent to scholarly publishing in a digital age.
SPRING 2017 – May 1, 2017
Mary C. Francis is Editorial Director of the University of Michigan Press/Michigan Publishing; in addition to directing the editorial team, she acquires books in music, media studies, as well as projects for Michigan's digitalculturebooks imprint. Prior to coming to Michigan, she was Executive Editor at the University of California Press for more than fifteen years, and has worked at Oxford University Press, Mayfield Publishing, and Yale University Press.
Emily-Jane Cohen is an Executive Editor at Stanford University Press, where she acquires broadly in the humanities, most particularly in the fields of philosophy, religion, and literature. During her decade at the press, she has launched a variety of book series, including the Post45 series in American Literature and Culture, and most recently, two new series in religion, Spiritual Phenomena and Religion in the American West. Her authors include figures of international stature, such as Giorgio Agamben, Stanley Cavell, Sari Nusseibeh, Bernard Stiegler, Roberto Esposito, Michel Serres, and, closer to home, such prominent academics as Mark Jordan, Kaja Silverman, Amy Hungerford, and Michael Rothberg. Her books have been recognized by the North American Studies Association, the American Society for Theater Research, the PROSE awards, the International Conference on Romanticism, and the Modern Languages Association and garner strong reviews in the mainstream and specialized press. Emily-Jane is a former professional chef and pastry chef, and she holds a B.A. in religion and art history from Barnard College and a PhD. in French from Stanford.
SPRING 2016 – April 28, 2016
Alan Thomas is Editorial Director for the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Chicago Press. Over the course of his thirty-year career as an acquisitions editor at Chicago, he has published a broad range of scholarly books in the humanities, especially literary and religious studies, as well as trade books including fiction, poetry, memoir, biography, essays, and photography. Authors whose work Alan has published include Charles Bernstein, Stanley Cavell, Dipesh
Chakrabarty, Jacques Derrida, Rita Felski, Stephen Greenblatt, N. Katherine Hayles, Alice Kaplan, W. J. T. Mitchell, Marjorie Perloff, and Susan Stewart. His authors have won the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Modern Language Association's Lowell Prize, and the Phi Beta Kappa Christian Gauss Award, among many other awards, and account for several New York Times Notable Books of the Year. Alan is a contributor to Places Journal and has published on literature and photography in the Los Angeles Review of Books and Design Observer. He received his B.A. from Princeton and an M.Phil., in English, from Oxford
Kim Robinson is the Editorial Director of University of California Press. Before stepping into that role, she was Social Sciences Publisher and regional editor at UC Press. A few of Kim's UC Press acquisitions include A People's Guide to Los Angeles, California Crackup: How Reform Broke the Golden State and How We Can Fix It, and the launch of Boom: A Journal of California. Before joining UC Press in 2009, she spent eight years at Oxford University Press in New York both as music editor and editorial director of the scholarly reference group. As music editor, she shepherded award-winning titles across musicology, music theory, ethnomusicology and jazz. In the reference group, she oversaw the editorial program for Grove Art, Grove Music, and many other print and digital publications in a variety of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. A product of the UC system, Kim received a B.A. in English from UC Santa Barbara. Previous to her career in publishing, she spent a decade working for nonprofit organizations and foundations focused on the environment and equal access to information and technology.
Ken Wissoker is the Editorial Director of Duke University Press, acquiring books in anthropology, cultural studies and social theory; globalization and post-colonial theory; Asian, African, and American studies; music, film and television; race, gender and sexuality; science studies; and other areas in the humanities, social sciences, media, and the arts. He joined the Press as an Acquisitions Editor in 1991; became Editor-in-Chief in 1997; and was named Editorial Director in 2005. This fall, in addition to his duties at the Press, he became Director of Intellectual Publics at the CUNY Graduate Center in New York City.
He has published close to 900 books which have won over 100 prizes. Among the authors whose books he has published are Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Jack Halberstam, Charles Taylor, Joan Scott, Lisa Lowe, Lauren Berlant, Brian Massumi, Arjun Appadurai, Sara Ahmed, Rey Chow, Randy Weston, and Fred Wesley.
Wissoker is the author of the Cinema Journal essay "The Future of the Book as a Media Project" and the earlier Chronicle of Higher Education articles "Scholarly Monographs Are Flourishing, Not Dying" and "Negotiating a Passage between Disciplinary Borders" the latter of which was later reprinted with responses from five social scientists in the Social Science Research Council newsletter, Items and Issues. A three-part interview with him by Adeline Koh appeared in April 2013 on the Prof. Hacker blog.
Norm Hirschy is an editor in the Academic and Trade Division of Oxford University Press, where he works with books on music and dance. His titles have been reviewed in national and international media and have received such distinguished awards as the ASCAP Deems Taylor award, the AMS Philip Brett Award, the CORD Outstanding Publication Award, the SDHS de la Torre Bueno Prize, and the George Freedley Memorial Award. Working in the book industry since 1993, Norm served as a book translator, book clerk, and library associate before joining OUP in 2004.


FedEx Corp said on Friday it could take as much as US$575 million in charges as it began offering voluntary cash buyouts to certain US-based employees in a bid to reduce costs.
[BENGALURU] FedEx Corp said on Friday it could take as much as US$575 million in charges as it began offering voluntary cash buyouts to certain US-based employees in a bid to reduce costs.
The company also slashed its 2019 forecast that month blaming a weakening European economy and US trade tensions that exacerbated a slowdown in China.
The Memphis, Tennessee-based company said on Friday it expects to incur charges of between US$450 million and US$575 million related to the buyout program predominantly in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.
It expects employees to vacate their positions by the end of fiscal 2019 and the program to save it between US$225 million to US$275 million annually beginning in fiscal 2020.
FedEx employs more than 450,000 people around the world, according to its latest annual filing. The company's shares closed up 2 per cent on Friday and were unchanged in after hours trading.


The lace! The beading! The draping! The fabrics! I love it all. I wish I could be more eloquent about it, but I just can't. All is what I love and all is all I can say.
Having nothing to do with the roaring 20s and everything to do with couture design houses, in 2005 the Sundance Channel aired a miniseries called Singé Chanel which followed Karl Lagerfeld, and to a larger degree, the women who do the real work of sewing the dresses, from start to finish through a couture collection. I loved this show as much, if not more than The House of Eliott. I speak not a lick of French (deux baguettes, s'il vous plaît!), but I have poured over the episodes so many times I don't even need to read the subtitles any more. It's too bad the show is no longer available in the United States.
Which brings us up to present day in which I, somewhat obsessively, watch Project Runway. (I watched it before it was cool, yo.) My favorite, if you had any doubt, is Uli, who I hope will win, but we shall see (If I'm honest, I think Anthony Ryan is going to take it). Given my passion for 1920s fashion, is it any wonder that Uli is my fav?
One of Uli's amazing designs.
Tagged 1900, 1920s, couture, design, Downton Abbey, fashion, Project Ruway, Singe Chanel, The House of Eliott, tv.


For most investors the need to buy in a high growth area is high. The benefits from buying in 'hot spot' areas are many. Equity is built quicker, the value of the property rises faster and doesn't drop and those wishing to build their portfolio can do so more efficiently.
Unfortunately, not every investor achieves this for any number of reasons. It could be perhaps that they did not investigate the area and statistics well first before buying or that they did not have a reputable team on their side giving them sound advice on their choices.
At Fountain Property Group we implement our tried and true method to help each of our clients make the best investment decisions possible, every time. Whatever your investment goal is: one property or many, we will assist you every step of the way in taking the leap to financial freedom.
One of the things we do to assist you is to keep our finger on the pulse of suburbs that are about to take off in value. Here's what we look for.
If you don't know, gentrification means there is a change in a suburb such as rent increases and property value. This is due to wealthier residents moving in and changing the existing demographic. When looking for growth areas it helps to look for gentrification.
Usually these areas did not have the best reputation previously but are gaining a better name because they are gentrified. New homes, renovated homes and more cafes or retailers are always a good sign that there is more money coming into the suburb.
If you missed out on buying in a high growth area then we recommend looking at the surrounding suburbs. This kind of instance is where our expert help comes in handy as we will know where in the cycle the property market is.
Supply and demand is always a factoring price and growth in suburbs. If a suburb is in high demand but there is no room left to build you will start to see property values increase. These areas have a high amount of renters looking to move into the area, and if the age range and income is right it will be very likely to gentrify soon.
If a large shopping centre, new hospital or other infrastructure is going up then this area will be very likely to take off. These kinds of buildings will bring more jobs and the closer people can live to their jobs the better, meaning a higher rise in renters.
There are many more factors that come into play when buying in the right area and we can help you take the best shot. Contact Fountain Property Group today for more information on starting your investment dream with us.


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Beer Dessert Restaurants + Bars Food + Drink Spirits + Cocktails Cannabis Wine
Photo: The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel
7 Food and Drink Experiences To Have on The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel
Food + Drink Insider Guides Fort Myers, FL, United States Sanibel, FL, United States
Becky Holladay
in paid partnership with
Most places in the U.S. aren't as lucky as Southwest Florida. Miles of beaches, the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, both nature and nightlife, and access to super-fresh cuisine all year long? You can practically hear the rest of the country sighing.
But it's that last one that causes foodies to flock here in droves, and not just in winter. With a culinary history tying together fishermen, farmers, and plenty of warm days, The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel hits the cuisine jackpot — come here, and you'll strike it rich, too. Let the seven tasty experiences below serve as proof.
1. Island hopping to lunch and dinner
Cut the motor and glide in to the docks of North Captiva Island. This four-mile-long barrier island is a tranquil reprieve from the mainland — it's only accessible by boat or ferry, has fewer than 400 houses, and "traffic jams" are the occasional meeting of golf carts. Once you're done exploring this slice of Old Florida, settle down to a basket of shrimp and fries from a colorful fish shack, and watch the boats float to and fro.
Next up, head north for the pristine beaches of Cayo Costa State Park. Then, when you're feeling famished from all your sandbar (and seashell!) explorations, cruise over to another island, like Pine, Sanibel, or Captiva, for a sunset dinner (there are plenty of westward-facing options on all three). You'll feel like part of a secret club — one filled with salty dockmasters, friendly pontoon boaters, and sleek yachts — dedicated to exploring the culinary vibes of the islands.
Stay: The former fisherman's haunt of Cabbage Key is a 100-acre island in Pine Island Sound, and the Cabbage Key Inn & Cottages — literally the places to stay on the island — speak to that history with authentic, island-style charm. Some of the cottages have their own private docks, not surprising considering this island, too, is inaccessible by car. At night, check out the inn's lively restaurant and bar decorated with old photographs and thousands of dollar bills.
2. Pink Gold shrimp
Just 14 miles off the coast of Southwest Florida are shrimp beds that stretch from Sanibel Island down to the Florida Keys. On San Carlos Island, between Fort Myers Beach and the mainland, shrimpers have been docking for years — today, they make up the largest commercial fishing fleet in the Gulf of Mexico. Their catch: Florida Pink Gold, textured but tender and slightly sweet, leagues away from what your local grocery store offers in the frozen section. It's in a class all its own.
Three-hour tours covering the ins and outs of the San Carlos Island Commercial Fishing Fleet show visitors the process, from sewing the nets to unloading the boats to building trawl doors. You could also just skip all the "how it's done" and go straight to the "how it tastes" by visiting one of the many markets or restaurants that dot the waterfront and serve up super-fresh Pink Gold.
Stay: DiamondHead Beach Resort is smack dab in the middle of all the shrimp action. It's located on Fort Myers Beach, less than two miles from San Carlos Island. The family-friendly resort has suites with kitchenettes and screened-in balconies, a pool, and hot tubs. For dining, there's Cōste, serving island cuisine for breakfast and dinner. And don't miss the beach bar, where you can go barefoot on the sand while savoring a shrimp taco.
3. Island — and off-island — brews
Citrus-y lagers, chocolate-peanut porters, and mango-habanero IPAs. The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel doubles down on "do-it-yourself" and "do-it-local" with twelve breweries in the county — easily enough to create your own tasting itinerary or go on a brewery-hopping tour. There are beer halls, tap rooms, and open-air bars serving up everything from tiny tasters to takeaway growlers that double as mementos.
Stay: Pink Shell Beach Resort & Marina, at the northern end of Fort Myers Beach, is the type of resort you never need to leave — apart from the fact that the breweries of Fort Myers are just a short drive away on the mainland. When you're done touring tasting rooms, the resort has a wide, private beach with sunbeds and umbrellas, a network of pools, a spa, marina, and restaurants to come home to.
4. Cocktails on the shore…
Toes in the sand, cocktail in hand — this is when "being on vacation" finally sinks in. With the right open-air spot (and the right beverage), you could stay all day, no change of clothes or equipment required, until the sky turns from bright blue to tangerine, and a green flash bursts across the sky.
Here in Southwest Florida, most stretches of beach aren't far from something coconutty or something hoppy, something blended or something salty, something to suit every type of mood and personality. There are the classic watering holes set underneath palm trees and surrounded by sea oats. There are party spots with Rum Runner specials and water-balloon-throwing contests. There are casual hangouts where you can play a round of cornhole, beer in non-tossing hand. And, best of all, there are secluded oases where no one will ever find you.
Stay: With five options shared between two of their properties on Sanibel and Captiva Islands, Sanibel Captiva Beach Resorts has a restaurant to suit every taste. (The Oasis Pool Bar at 'Tween Waters is a fan favorite when it comes to adult beverages.) Bonus: Book a room here and you'll have everything you need for the perfect Southwest Florida vacation at your fingertips.
5. …and dining on the waterfront
You know that moment when you're standing in front of the ocean and you can feel your mind shift? That's an actual scientific thing. Look at a body of water for a few minutes, and your brain waves will start to resemble those of someone in a meditative state.
On The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel, there's no need to interrupt the feel-goods at mealtime. Everywhere you look there's a meal-by-the-water situation: sleek wood-and-glass restaurants facing the Gulf, bustling dockside seafood shacks with live music, and beachside burger joints where everyone on the island goes to watch the sunset.
Stay: 'Tween Waters Island Resort & Spa spans from the quiet bayside to the Gulfside on Captiva Island. There are seaview guestrooms and suites, pools, a canoe and kayak club, a spa, and two restaurants. Old Captiva House at 'Tween Waters has fantastic views, with wraparound windows that open onto the Gulf of Mexico. Not to mention, it's on the National Register of Historic Places!
6. Florida farm fresh
With 200+ days of sunshine, warm Gulf of Mexico waters, and temps that never freeze, Florida was doing farm-to-table food before it was cool. Heck, before it even had a name. But more importantly, it's not just about ultra-fresh, local food — farmers here also pride themselves on community-driven, sustainable practices.
If you're in the Fort Myers area, go straight to the source and visit the farms themselves, which makes for a true experience. Take Rosy Tomorrows Heritage Farm, for example, which has a sleek restaurant (reservations required) serving meat from pasture-raised pigs and heritage-breed chickens. After your meal, you'll be able to explore the farm and stock up on local produce and other items at the farm shop.
Visit: Another requisite stop on any Florida farm-fresh tour is Harvest & Wisdom at Shangri-La Springs, a restaurant where meal ingredients are sourced ultra-locally. There's an onsite no-till garden, meat is raised at nearby Circle C Farm, and the seafood is certified organic. Follow your meal with a tour of the historic Shangri-La Springs grounds, or book a treatment at the full-service organic spa.
7. Hook it and cook it!
You catch it, they'll cook it. Spend a day fishing at Blind Pass or further offshore on a charter boat, then bring in whatever you catch to a local restaurant. They'll grill it and serve it to you with all the fixings. If you've never walked into a classy restaurant with a fish in your hand, now's the time. Note: You're most likely to catch mild and flaky grouper or snapper if you're offshore, or the flavorful snook if you're fishing from the beach.
Stay: Tarpon Lodge & Restaurant is a historic hideaway on Pine Island with a lodge, cottages, and restaurant that opens onto a deck and grassy lawn facing the sound. This former fishing lodge has a cozy vibe, with wood floors and a brick fireplace, and if you bring in your catch-of-the-day cleaned and filleted, they'll cook it up for you. And remember: It's not just treating yourself to a nice dinner — here, it's taking part in Old Florida tradition.
This post is proudly produced in partnership with The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel.
Food + Drink Insider Guides Fort Myers, FL, United States Sanibel, FL, United States The Beaches of Fort Myers & Sanibel


text:
Q: MultiValueDictKeyError: "'password'" My url is shown below like:
url(r'^register/$', views.register, name='register')

The function in my views.py is like:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm

def register(request):
    """register"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        #we present a blank form
        form = UserCreationForm()
    else:
        #the post the data the users have just filled
        form = UserCreationForm(data=request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():
            new_user = form.save()
            # we use the date to redirect our user to the page of login
            authenticated_user = authenticate(username=new_user.username,
                                              password=request.POST['password'])
            login(request, authenticated_user)
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'users/register.html', context)

And my register.html:
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <form action="{% url 'users:register' %}" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button name="submmit">Register</button>
        <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}"/>
    </form>
{% endblock content %}

when I do the register, it goes wrong like, MultiValueDictKeyError: "'password'"
Can some one have a look and give me a hand? Thanks a lot!

A: If you check UserCreationForm, you'll see that it doesn't have a field named password, but it has two: password1 and password2. You can change your code to this:
if form.is_valid():
    new_user = form.save()
    # we use the date to redirect our user to the page of login
    authenticated_user = authenticate(username=new_user.username,
                                      password=form.cleaned_data['password1'])
    #                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    login(request, authenticated_user)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))

However, you probably want to avoid dealing with passwords and simply use login() directly, without passing through authenticate():
if form.is_valid():
    user = form.save()
    login(request, user)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))


text:
The Blackburn Inn
With a stay at The Blackburn Inn in Staunton, you'll be in the historical district, within a 15-m...
Berkeley House Bed and Breakfast
With a stay at Berkeley House Bed and Breakfast, you'll be centrally located in Staunton, steps f...
Hummingbird Inn
Goshen, VA
With a stay at Hummingbird Inn in Goshen, you'll be on the waterfront, within a 10-minute drive o...
Vine Cottage Inn
Hot Springs, VA
When you stay at Vine Cottage Inn in Hot Springs, you'll be next to a golf course, just steps fro...
Abigail Inn
With a stay at Abigail Inn in Lexington, you'll be a 3-minute walk from Stonewall Jackson Memoria...
1868 Magnolia House Inn
With a stay at 1868 Magnolia House Inn in Lexington, you'll be a 3-minute walk from Stonewall Jac...
Frog Hollow Bed and Breakfast
With a stay at Frog Hollow Bed and Breakfast in Lexington, you'll be within a 15-minute drive of ...
Sheridan Livery Inn & Restaurant
Located in Lexington, Sheridan Livery Inn & Restaurant is next to a golf course, within a 5-minut...
Brierley Hill Bed and Breakfast
Located in Lexington, Brierley Hill Bed and Breakfast is in the historical district, within a 5-m...
Steeles Tavern Manor
Located in Raphine, Steeles Tavern Manor is in the mountains, a 3-minute drive from George Washin...
Osceola Mill
With a stay at Osceola Mill in Raphine, you'll be a 1-minute drive from George Washington Nationa...
The Anderson Cottage
Warm Springs, VA
When you stay at The Anderson Cottage in Warm Springs, you'll be in the historical district, just...
The Inn At Warm Springs
With a stay at The Inn At Warm Springs in Warm Springs, just steps from George Washington Nationa...
The Inn at Gristmill Square
When you stay at The Inn at Gristmill Square in Warm Springs, you'll be in the mountains, just st...
Hill Crest Bed & Breakfast
Clifton Forge, VA
With a stay at Hill Crest Bed & Breakfast in Clifton Forge, you'll be in the mountains, within a ...
Hillcrest Mansion Inn
With a stay at Hillcrest Mansion Inn in Clifton Forge, you'll be within a 15-minute walk of Georg...
Fox Hill Bed & Breakfast Suites
Fairfield, VA
With a stay at Fox Hill Bed & Breakfast Suites in Fairfield, you'll be in the mountains, within a...
Sugar Tree Inn
Vesuvius, VA
With a stay at Sugar Tree Inn in Vesuvius, you'll be in the mountains, within a 15-minute drive o...
Cave Hill Farm Bed and Breakfast
McGaheysville, VA
With a stay at Cave Hill Farm Bed and Breakfast in McGaheysville, you'll be within a 15-minute dr...
Edgewood Plantation
Charles City, VA
With a stay at Edgewood Plantation in Charles City, you'll be within a 5-minute drive of Berkeley...
Gracefield Hall Bed and Breakfast
With a stay at Gracefield Hall Bed and Breakfast in Providence Forge, you'll be 23.5 mi (37.8 km)...
Colonial Gardens Bed & Breakfast
With a stay at Colonial Gardens Bed & Breakfast in Williamsburg, you'll be within a 5-minute driv...
A Williamsburg White House
When you stay at A Williamsburg White House in Williamsburg, you'll be in the historical district...
The Fife And Drum Inn
With a stay at The Fife And Drum Inn, you'll be centrally located in Williamsburg, steps from Col...
Cedars of Williamsburg Bed & Breakfast
Centrally located in Williamsburg, Cedars of Williamsburg Bed & Breakfast is within a 15-minute w...
Williamsburg Manor B&B
When you stay at Williamsburg Manor B&B in Williamsburg, you'll be in the historical district, wi...
Colonial Capital Bed & Breakfast
Located in Williamsburg, Colonial Capital Bed & Breakfast is in a rural location, within a 15-min...
Magnolia Manor Bed and Breakfast Inn
A stay at Magnolia Manor Bed and Breakfast Inn places you in the heart of Williamsburg, within a ...
The Serendipity Inn
With a stay at The Serendipity Inn in Williamsburg, you'll be within a 15-minute drive of Colonia...
Williamsburg Sampler B & B
When you stay at Williamsburg Sampler B & B in Williamsburg, you'll be in the historical district...


Characters who can ride a horse with an exceptional degree of proficiency. Includes characters of whom horse-riding is the preferred or even only means of travel. Note: Many Western era characters possess this skill.


Associated Press photographer Julie Jacobson has won a Front Page Award from the Newswomen's Club of New York for best sports photo, showing a triumphant Derek Jeter in his final home game at Yankee Stadium last year.
We asked Jacobson, a longtime baseball fan, what she recalled of the winning moment.
"I think it was the best and most memorable moment in baseball that I've ever witnessed, both as a fan of the game and as a photographer," she said.
Jacobson will be honored along with AP journalists Jennifer Peltz and Colleen Long, who together won the spot news award for their report on the shooting deaths of two New York police officers. Peltz also will claim the feature prize, for her story about the daring escape of two men from Clinton Correctional Facility last summer, when the Newswomen's Club of New York presents the awards on Nov. 12.


awareness. Yoga is taught through stories, songs , partner work, creative crafts and games. Children learn relaxation and mindfulness techniques to help them sleep better and understand their own and other peoples emotions. Bespoke private yoga sessions can also be offered to children and families with and without special educational needs.
All YogaPebbles classes are inclusive and teach diverse groups of children and families.
Lisa Greenough is a fully qualified and insured primary school and childrens yoga teacher with over 17 years experience in mainstream and SEN units.
Weekly class: £8. Family class: £6. Private & school group classes: price on request.


The Alfa Fellowship Program is a high-level professional development initiative placing up to 18 American, British, and German citizens per year in work assignments at leading organizations in Russia in the fields of business, economics, journalism, law, public policy, and related areas. Key goals of the Alfa Fellowship Program are expanding networks of American, British, and German professionals, developing greater intercultural understanding, and advancing knowledge of Russian affairs in the West.
The Alfa Fellowship Program begins with language training in the Fellow's geographic location followed by a language course in Moscow starting in mid-June. Throughout the summer, Alfa Fellows attend a seminar program with key public and private sector officials to discuss current issues facing Russia. Fellows then work at prominent organizations in Russia, including private companies, media outlets, think tanks, and foundations.
Eligible candidates must have a graduate degree and professional experience in business, economics, journalism, law, public policy, or a related field. Russian language proficiency is not required, but is preferred. The Fellowship includes a generous monthly stipend, language training, program-related travel costs, housing and insurance.
– Graduate degree and professional experience in business, economics, journalism, law, government or public policy. Candidates without a graduate degree must demonstrate extensive and equivalent professional experience in their field.
– Russian language experience is preferred, however not required, at the time of application. Applicants proficient in another second language may be considered.
The application deadline for the 2017-2018 program year is December 1, 2016. To access the online application, please visit: http://www.culturalvistas.org/alfa.