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text:
Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems.
The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°C; in summer - up to +45°C (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.
Ataev, A.
Zubairova, M.
Karsakov, N.
Kataeva, D.
Khasaev, A.
Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov, Makhachkala, Russia.
zubairowa@mail.ru
Journal article; Conference paper
10.1051/bioconf/20213606012
EDP Sciences S.A. Les Ulis France
Russia, Kazakhstan
Artiodactyla
Caucasus Mountains
climatic factors
disease prevalence
helminthoses
marshes
parasitoses
salt marshes
steppes
arid lands
parasitosis
marshlands
parasitic infestations
APEC countries
upper-middle income countries
very high Human Development Index countries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


And we all know what Dan Boyle called NY Post, Brett Cyrgalis, upon his departure from Chase to cap his career.
1. The history of Twin-Rinks, is common knowledge, with countless articles posted at this site from construction in 2013, to Ed Mangano's state of the county/success address there, through the Ferraro brothers bankruptcy, with professional media articles on how Charles Wang won the rights in bankruptcy court.
Charles Wang won the bid & it was not for 60 million dollars. Did Mr Compton, seriously need Kimber Auerbach or Mr Eisenberg from the Islanders to tell him it was eight-nine million? Was he really more interested in taking shots at me, why he did not bother correcting Mr Ledecky to what was widely reported by professional media during that entire month between Ledecky lunches?
Is that how he claims to have gotten wherever he thinks he is in his career? To report what was said, then not correct the record, isn't that what you want a writer to do? Was it that awful of me to write he was "clueless" for failing to do this for our fans?
My archives from Cantiague, to the entire history of Twin-Rinks are an open book for everyone, full of professional media articles. I even found the company who constructed Twin-Rinks & renovated it for the NYI.
2. I'm out to smear Brian Compton, and anybody who covers this team.
Is that a joke. Who covers this team?
One full time writer who's received a paycheck from James (now Pat Dolan) since 2008 behind a paywall. I could go on for about a week but how am I smearing Staple or anyone by posting their own words, and poor effort for our fans covering our team simply to get their employer, James Dolan, the taxpayer arena in Nassau he lost in 2013 via more taxpayer money from Andrew Cuomo.
The other developer who bid less, wanted full tax exemption on Coliseum/Plaza, All Hub Rights? Newsday owner Dolan.
Between Staple, Zipay, Best, Baumbach, Brodsky, Marshall, Msg's Alan Hahn, I could go on for a week.
There I am smearing everyone, I took over their accounts and wrote those things. Too bad those other amateur NYI bloggers care about their resume, and a meal, more than our team.
To the best of my knowledge Mr Compton blocked me about a year and a half ago, when after the 20th time or so calling our team Brooklyn, I reminded him (as Ledecky reminded everyone) that's not our teams name, and does not write the Devils are Newark or Senators, Kanata. He replied will write whatever he wants, and I again brought up the two former Ranger fans from Daily News, Frank Brown, John Dellapina, run NHL media, where Compton denied them controlling content or who they can hire/fire when our mutual blocks on twitter came from.
As for the other amateur fan blogger on his podcast, mind your business which is obviously you building a resume, not giving our fans the respect/honesty they deserve. Where were you to tell Compton, Wang won the bid for about nine million in 2015.
Mr Compton, you are clueless, you did not respect our fans enough to report the true facts about Twin-Rinks/Northwell, and had a month to do your homework, and correct Ledecky.
Wang paid about 8-9 million to win bid in bankruptcy court, I guess about 3 million was spent to renovate it, not 60 million dollars.
As for your "clown" comment. That's beneath my standard, will leave that lack of professionalism at your door.


Mutant Football League has reached its full official release following a month under Early Access through Steam. That period of time was used to make a number of improvements based on feedback and included the addition of an option for game speed.
MFL is currently available for PC for $25 with planned releases on Xbox One and PlayStation 4 early next year. Interestingly however a note posted by creator Michael Mendheim today hints at some news later in the week for those waiting for the console versions by stating "your time is coming… for some of you, sooner than you think." That now looks to be a release on Xbox One through the Xbox Game Preview Program.
♦Two player online or four player local MULTIPLAYER gives you the choice to clobber one another or team up and crush opposing miscreants.
♦Choose from 18 TEAMS made up of blood thirsty, wisecracking Skeletal Deadheads, Armored Bruiserbots, Criminal Aliens, Mutated Humans and Monstrous Orcs.
♦NBA Jam and NFL Blitz hall of fame commentator, Tim Kitzrow gives unforgettable, adult-oriented play-by play commentary for every game.
♦Use Dirty Tricks during game play to Bribe the Ref, throw Bombs, or equip Shotguns and Chainsaws to your players to inflict maximum carnage against the unsuspecting competition for real difference-making moments!
♦18 unique fields across the league offer landmines, booby traps, fire pits, toxic moats and buzz saws as fun but deadly obstacles.
♦Play as MFL All-Stars Wham Neutron, Bomb Shady, Ghoulio Bones, and more who dominate the league with their rising kill counts and ferocious abilities.
♦Multiple punishing play modes like EXHIBITION, PRACTICE, PLAYOFFS, or try to survive a FULL SEASON and reach the ultimate glory: THE MAYHEM BOWL!
♦Exploding body parts, comically horrific deaths, and blood splatters fuel the MFL GORE FX visual experience.
The spiritual successor to the 1993 game Mutant League Football has been developed by its original creator and lead designer. After failing at a first crowdfunding attempt, Mendheim went back to the drawing board and made some major adjustments that helped it soar past its initial goal in a second go-round and hit a number of its stretch goals in the process. Look for a full review of the game to go up later this week!


text:
Home India Blacklisted firms to be reviewed; New defence policy out
Blacklisted firms to be reviewed; New defence policy out
The Defence Ministry will review all cases of blacklisted firms as it prepares a new list of such entities following the new policy unveiled by it which is a mixture of heavy fines and graded banning.
Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar on Tuesday said that the Director General (Acquisition) will draw up a list as required under the new policy and hence old cases will also be looked into.
"That does not mean they will be taken out. Don't interpret… they will be examined. What is the status, how many years they have been blacklisted for and why they were blacklisted," Parrikar told PTI on the sidelines of a seminar here.
He said that as per the new policy, there has to be a new list.
"So the list will have to be re-ascertained," the Minister said.
The review will include about a dozen firms that came under blanket blacklisting in the previous regime, a move which the forces were unhappy about as it proved detrimental to their modernisation plans.
Some of the firms like Singapore Technologies have approached the courts seeking removal of blacklisting.
Singapore Technologies' argument is that it has been wrongly blacklisted since no contract was ever awarded to it and neither is it mentioned in the charge sheet filed by the CBI in connection with a bribery case involving the then Ordinance Factory Board chief.
Under its new liberalised blacklisting policy for arms companies, India will now be open to doing business even with a banned firm if there is no alternative available to its weapon system or equipment in the market.
This can be done on the grounds of national security, operational military readiness and export obligations, after the vice-chief of the Service concerned, the chief of the integrated defence staff or the additional secretary (defence production) signs a certificate to that effect and gets permission from the "competent authority", who is the Defence Minister.
Another key element of the new policy is that unlike the blanket ban of 10 years, the government has said that ban on serious defaulters will be for minimum five years.
The policy does not mention the maximum time period for ban.
Called the 'Guidelines of the Ministry of Defence for Penalties in Business Dealings with Entities', the policy, which has been in the works for long, aims to ensure probity and transparency in defence deals without affecting the modernisation plans.
Defence Ministry
Manohar Parrikar
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Un réseau mycorhizien se forme lorsque les racines de deux plantes sont colonisées par un même champignon mycorhizien et reliées entre elles. Ce phénomène affecte grandement la survie, la nutrition minérale et l'établissement des plantes dans un écosystème.
Ce réseau optimise le développement de la plante via deux voies principales : la stimulation de la nutrition minérale (transfert de ressources telles que le carbone, l'azote et le phosphore entre les différents partenaires) ; meilleure tolérance ou résistance de la plante vis-à-vis de stress biotiques (impacts de microorganismes pathogènes fongiques, bactériens ou de nématodes phytoparasites) et/ou abiotiques (stress salin, hydrique, métaux lourds). Ainsi, ce phénomène écologique pourrait jouer un rôle important dans les mécanismes d'assemblage de communautés. A ce titre, les études menées sur cette thématique se sont focalisées sur différentes problématiques :
 valider son existence au sein d'un écosystème ;
 démontrer le transfert des ressources entre les partenaires ;
 étudier ses caractères morphologiques et architecturaux ;
 établir son influence écologique.

Ces interactions entre les systèmes racinaires forment un réseau écologique essentiellement souterrain, que certains biologistes ont nommé le wood-wide web (en référence au « World wide web »). C'est la chercheuse canadienne Suzanne Simard qui est la première à mettre en évidence en 1997 ce réseau avec le transfert mycorhizien du carbone entre des arbres en conditions naturelles.

La découverte des réseaux mycorhiziens

Les prémices
La plupart des plantes vasculaires sont autotrophes, autrement dit, elles captent le rayonnement lumineux par leurs feuilles grâce à leurs pigments chlorophylliens et synthétisent ainsi le carbone et les sucres nécessaires à leur croissance et à leur développement. Cependant, certaines plantes dépourvues de chlorophylle sont dans l'incapacité de capter et synthétiser cette énergie. Elles sont dites myco-hétérotophes. C'est-à-dire qu'elles sont en symbiose avec un ou plusieurs champignons mycorhiziens, eux-mêmes associés à une ou plusieurs plantes autotrophes. Cette connexion permet la circulation du carbone et des sucres parmi les partenaires, le champignon jouant le rôle de pivot de cette association. Cela garantit ainsi à la plante non chlorophyllienne, les ressources nécessaires à son développement et sa croissance. C'est à partir d'études sur ce phénomène spécifique d'associations symbiotiques que la première preuve de l'existence des réseaux mycorhiziens a été mise en évidence . C'est d'ailleurs également à partir de ces travaux que le possible transfert de ressources entre les individus interconnectés est supposé. Dans le cas de cette étude, il s'agissait de la circulation de carbone isotopique (14C) entre des conifères et une plante myco-hétérotrophe Monotropa hypopitys.
Par la suite, Edward. I Newman a suggéré en 1988 que les plantes mycorhiziennes poussant ensemble au sein d'un écosystème (forêt ou prairie) pouvaient être interconnectées par un réseau mycorhizien commun. Ainsi, leur présence influencerait fortement le fonctionnement et la dynamique de ces environnements.

Formation d'un réseau mycorhizien
Par la suite, les études menées se sont focalisées sur les mécanismes propres à la formation de ces réseaux. Classiquement, la formation d'un réseau mycorhizien se produit lorsque les hyphes mycéliens fusionnent par anastomose, permettant ainsi l'interconnexion entre les partenaires végétaux. Ce réseau favorise de manière générale les individus exprimant une stratégie mycorhizienne identique.
L'établissement d'un réseau mycorhizien commun dépend donc de la capacité d'une plante à entrer dans une association mycorhizienne avec une ou plusieurs espèces fongiques compatibles. Cette compatibilité est régie par la contrainte de la  potentielle des symbiotes. Ainsi, parmi ces organismes, il existe un continuum allant d'une faible spécificité (association avec plusieurs partenaires) à une spécificité élevée (association avec un ou plusieurs partenaires). Ce phénomène de spécificité mycorhizienne est très important dans la compréhension de la dynamique des communautés végétales et des mécanismes d'installation d'un réseau partagé. Il est estimé que la probabilité de formation d'un réseau mycorhizien est souvent plus forte si les partenaires fongiques expriment une faible spécificité mycorhizienne .
Par ailleurs, la capacité d'une plante à établir avec son partenaire fongique une relation mutuellement profitable pourra être également influencée par différents facteurs :
 environnementaux  ;
 écologiques  ;
 génétiques  ;
 physiologiques .
À ce jour, avec les progrès technologiques et moléculaires, il existe de plus en plus de preuves de l'existence des réseaux mycorhiziens sur un large éventail d'écosystèmes. Leur présence a été observée notamment dans des forêts tempérées, boréales et tropicales, ainsi que dans des prairies et savanes.

Désinformation
Selon une étude parue dans la revue Nature Ecology and Evolution en 2023, des biais de citations (les chercheurs citant préférentiellement les résultats positifs et ceux en accord avec leur hypothèse, et passant sous silence ceux qui les contredisent) et la surinterprétation des résultats issus des travaux sur les réseaux mycorhiziens, sont un terreau fertile à la désinformation qui conduit les scientifiques et vulgarisateurs à exagérer les preuves relatives à un vaste réseau de communication de champignons reliant les arbres d'une forêt.

Si il est tentant d'imaginer dans le « web des bois » (le  WWW) un réseau dans lequel des plantes émettent des signaux d'alerte par le biais de leurs mycorhizes, les expériences réalisées en laboratoire ne permettent pas de savoir ce que cachent ces échanges au sein de la forêt où  selon Marc-André Selosse qui rappelle qu'.

Le transfert de ressources au sein d'un réseau mycorhizien
Depuis la découverte de l'existence d'un réseau mycorhizien, un grand nombre d'études s'est focalisé sur la mise en évidence du transfert des ressources au sein de ce réseau écologique et notamment de la circulation du carbone. Depuis les travaux de Björkman, le transfert de carbone entre les plantes chlorophylliennes exprimant différentes stratégies mycorhiziennes (par exemple arbusculaire, ectomycorhizienne) a fait l'objet d'études plus approfondies.
Il a été démontré à travers plusieurs études des mécanismes de transfert réciproque de 14C entre plusieurs plantes réceptrices. Cela soulève la question de l'existence potentielle d'un phénomène de circulation bidirectionnelle des ressources entre des partenaires reliés par un réseau.
Dans le cadre d'expériences en laboratoire et sur le terrain, le recours à un marquage isotopique double (14C, 13C) a permis d'identifier plus finement les modalités de transferts entre Pseudotsuga menziesii et Betula papyrifera impliqués au sein d'un réseau mycorhizien. Les isotopes ont été détectés dans les plantes réceptrices lors de l'ensemble des expériences de transfert, indiquant ainsi un mouvement certain de carbone, depuis le champignon vers les tissus végétaux. Dès la première année en laboratoire et sur le terrain, il a été observé un transfert équilibré de carbone entre P. menziesii et B. papyrifera. Par ailleurs, lors de la seconde année, P. menziesii a reçu un gain net de carbone de B. papyrifera . D'autres expériences menées par la suite ont montré que selon les espèces, la circulation du carbone pouvait varier fortement. C'est pourquoi, il a été conclu que ce phénomène d'interconnexion écologique et les mécanismes qui en résultent étaient de nature complexe et qu'une multitude de variables pouvaient entrer en jeu.

Les prospections sur ces phénomènes de transfert ne se sont pas cantonnées à la simple ressource du carbone mais ont mis en évidence la circulation effective d'éléments tels que l'eau ou encore l'azote, à travers ce réseau.
Par exemple Kristina Arnebrant a démontré lors d'une expérience en conditions contrôlées au sein de microcosmes, la translocation respective d'azote marqué (15N) entre des semis de Pinus contorta et d'Alnus glutinosa reliés par un réseau fonctionnel provenant du partenaire commun Paxillus involutus (champignon ectomycorhizien) .

Plus tard, Louise Egerton a mis en évidence la circulation effective d'un flux d'eau entre des plantes saines vers des plantes en situation de stress hydrique, par l'intermédiaire d'une connexion mycélienne. Ainsi, ce réseau écologique pourrait être un paramètre important dans la survie des végétaux lors des situations de sécheresse .

Ces échanges bidirectionnels peuvent être très importants. Dans une forêt tempérée, jusqu'à 40 % de la biomasse des racines fines vient des arbres voisins mais le flux net est sans doute nul entre les arbres, qui chacun donnent et reçoivent.

Certaines études sur les systèmes arbusculaires (AM) ont fourni de plus en plus d'informations prouvant que les modèles de transfert des composés entre les individus interconnectés, présentaient certaines différences avec les systèmes ectomycorhiziens (ECM) .
Ces études se sont concentrées notamment sur les facteurs distinctifs pouvant influencer et contraindre les processus de circulation de ressources au sein de ces systèmes. Les résultats indiquent notamment :
 la relation source-puits entre le  et le  ;
 les traits fonctionnels des partenaires (plantes et champignons).

Par ailleurs, il existe bien d'autres facteurs pouvant introduire des contraintes dans les mécanismes de transfert et de formation d'un réseau écologique. Par exemple, les animaux du sol comme les collemboles et les vers de terre, se nourrissent des hyphes et des spores des champignons mycorhiziens. Ainsi, la diversité des partenaires fongiques dans un écosystème peut s'en trouver réduite, limitant les phénomènes d'interaction symbiotique avec les plantes présentes. Ces facteurs auront un effet certain sur la présence, la taille et la formation du réseau mycorhizien .

Structure d'un réseau mycorhizien

Par définition, un réseau désigne un ensemble d'éléments interconnectés dont la liaison permet une circulation continue de flux (par exemple ressources, énergie, données…). C'est pourquoi, le fonctionnement et la structure des réseaux mycorhiziens communs sont assimilables aux autres réseaux existants (par exemple réseau neuronal, lymphatique, informatique…) .
La circulation des éléments au sein de ce système fonctionne selon le mécanisme du . Différents rôles peuvent être joués par les végétaux interconnectés dans ce réseau. Certains vont émettre les ressources nécessaires (éléments nutritifs, eau, carbone…) afin de répondre à un contexte spécifique (survie, protection, nutrition…). Ces éléments vont circuler à travers le réseau fonctionnel et être acheminés vers les organismes récepteurs. Ainsi, le transport serait régulé tant par les modalités de dépenses en carbone effectuées par les plantes envers leurs partenaires fongiques, que par leurs propres  d'assimilation des ressources. Ainsi, on peut dire qu'à travers ce réseau, il existe un certain continuum  modulant les mécanismes de transfert.

Les déterminants principaux de l'architecture d'un réseau mycorhizien sont la morphologie et la structure spatiale des mycéliums fongiques impliqués. Une caractéristique morphologique existante chez certains organismes fongiques ectomycorhiziens est la formation de rhizomorphes (brins d'hyphes, cordons). Ces organes sont particulièrement bien adaptés pour la formation d'un réseau fonctionnel. En effet, ces structures bien différenciées peuvent atteindre une très grande longueur dont l'anatomie interne est particulièrement efficace dans le transport de l'eau et des nutriments à travers la matrice du sol. Ces éléments permettent également une colonisation plus rapide des jeunes semis, facilitant leur implantation. Ils sont exprimés en majorité par des genres tels que Boletus, Cortinarius, Paxillus, Piloderma, Pisolithus, Rhizopogon, Suillus et Tricholoma .

Par ailleurs, on estime qu'il existe au sein des réseaux mycorhiziens une grande diversité de structures selon les écosystèmes et les partenaires impliqués . On parle de topologie des réseaux mycorhiziens. Le mot topologie fait référence à la disposition des différents éléments (nœuds, liaisons) au sein d'un réseau de communication. On peut appliquer ce concept de topologie à différents types de réseaux existants. Par exemple, au sein d'un réseau informatique, les  et  pourrait être les différents ordinateurs reliés par des câbles. Au sein d'un réseau neuronal ce serait les neurones et les axones. Maintenant si on extrapole pour un écosystème quelconque (comme la forêt), cela pourrait être matérialisé par les arbres et les hyphes mycorhiziens .Les liaisons entre les différents nœuds du réseau (comme les arbres) peuvent être courtes ou longues selon les traits fonctionnels mycéliens du partenaire fongique impliqué et les conditions environnementales. Cela influencera non seulement sa structure architecturale globale, mais également le nombre de connexions possibles entre les végétaux

Il existe différentes représentations topologiques pour ces réseaux : la topologie aléatoire ou régulière, et la topologie sans échelle. Au sein des réseaux aléatoires, chaque nœud (arbre) aura un nombre restreint de liens avec d'autres nœuds. Cette structure plus simpliste permettra tout de même une meilleure résistance aux perturbations extérieures. En revanche, pour les réseaux sans échelle, le degré de liaison entre les nœuds sera plus important quoique variable. On observera notamment des individus plus fortement connectés jouant le rôle de  du système. Une étude a été mise en place par Kevin Beiler afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes liés à la formation de différentes structures topologiques au sein de différentes communautés forestières de Douglas dans des écosystèmes mésiques et xériques. Les deux espèces fongiques ciblées étaient Rhizopogon vesiculosus et Rhizopogon vinicolor. Les résultats indiquent une divergence dans la structure architecturale des réseaux selon les écosystèmes d'études. Dans les sites xériques, les attributs des différents nœuds ont révélé une présence plus importante d'individus fortement connectés ayant un rôle central dans la circulation des ressources et les mécanismes de transfert. Ainsi, la formation de ces structures topologiques serait reliée au contexte pédoclimatique de l'écosystème étudié. Cette étude permet donc de mieux comprendre les mécanismes propres à la dynamique des écosystèmes forestiers et leur résilience aux contraintes de stress et de perturbations . De plus, la compréhension et la prise en compte de ce phénomène écologique pourraient à plus large échelle, garantir un outil d'aides à la décision dans la sélection des espèces à maintenir dans le cadre d'un programme de gestion de la biodiversité.

Influences écologiques du réseau mycorhizien

Les réseaux mycorhiziens en forêt
Bien que les réseaux mycorhiziens existent dans une grande variété d'écosystèmes terrestres, la plupart des études se concentrent sur les milieux forestiers. Les dynamiques forestières dépendent en grande partie de l'implantation de jeunes semis, afin de créer de nouvelles successions écologiques . Il est reconnu que les semis s'établissent de préférence proches d'espèces végétales conspécifiques (de la même espèce), créant ainsi des îlots de régénération.

Les organismes biotiques existants au sein d'une communauté végétale plus mature peuvent donc affecter les nouveaux semis, optimisant leur survie et facilitant ainsi leur établissement. En effet, les jeunes plantules sont colonisées plus rapidement par une diversité de champignons mycorhiziens.  Elles s'implantent plus facilement au sein d'un réseau établi et ont accès à un plus grand bassin de nutriments. Une fois implantées dans ce réseau, les plantules ont davantage de chances de survivre aux contraintes environnementales (sécheresse, maladies…). L'existence et la formation de ces réseaux écologiques sont donc particulièrement importantes dans les mécanismes de régénération naturelle au sein des écosystèmes forestiers, fréquemment perturbés par la sphère anthropique (incendies, déforestation…).

Nara Kazuhide a étudié l'effet de réseaux mycorhiziens sur la performance de semis de saules (par exemple Salix reinii) semés proche d'une essence végétale plus mature. Les modalités expérimentales étaient déclinées de sorte que l'essence centrale soit mycorhizienne ou non afin de mieux appréhender les  écologiques de formation d'un réseau mycorhizien. Différentes espèces de champignons ont été choisies pour partenaires fongiques afin d'observer leur impact sur la réponse de croissance des semis. Il est apparu que la plupart des individus étaient reliés par un réseau mycorhizien individuel sans être pour autant infectés par d'autres champignons ectomycorhiziens. Les semis témoins plantés au contact de plantes matures non mycorhiziennes ont exprimé les plus bas taux de survie. En revanche, l'acquisition des nutriments et la croissance des semis connectés par un réseau mycorhizien ont été largement supérieures, mais différentes selon les partenaires fongiques. Ainsi l'efficience et la viabilité d'un réseau mycorhizien vont osciller selon les espèces de champignons impliquées, ce qui pourra induire une variation de performances chez les semis.

D'autre part, un grand nombre d'études sur le terrain ont tenté de démonter les potentielles influences des réseaux mycorhiziens sur l'établissement des plantes. Certaines ont été menées dans les forêts tempérées de l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord. À travers ces analyses, différentes techniques et modalités étaient appliquées et observées :
 isolation de l'effet du réseau mycorhizien et non mycorhizien ;
 étude des phénomènes de transfert dans le sol ;
 étude de l'effet de la symbiose mycorhizienne ;
 étude de la compatibilité entre les partenaires ;
 observation de semis dans différentes communautés végétales (conspécifiques versus hétérospécifiques). À travers ces études, les schémas de survie et de régénération ont été examinés. Or, dans la plupart des cas, les bénéfices chez les semis semblent être plus effectifs lorsqu'il existe une diversité mycorhizienne accrue par association avec des plantes matures .

De plus Michael Booth a pu mettre en évidence l'impact avéré des arbres conspécifiques de canopée, sur l'émergence des plantes de sous-bois. Les semis pouvant plus aisément s'interconnecter au sein de ce réseau existant et ainsi bénéficier d'un meilleur accès aux ressources du sol (eau, éléments minéraux). Ces réseaux présents de manière ubiquiste au sein des forêts permettent de contrebalancer l'effet négatif que pourrait engendrer la présence d'une canopée (ombrage, compétition, nutrition…) et influencer positivement les mécanismes de régénération forestière .

Les réseaux mycorhiziens et la résistance végétale
Bien que la preuve du partage des ressources entre les individus interconnectés par un réseau mycorhizien soit validée, certains effets propres à ce phénomène écologique sont encore parsemés de zones d'ombres. Notamment, les mécanismes reliés au  circulant à travers ce réseau pouvant stimuler la résistance biotique chez les végétaux. Lors d'une infection par un pathogène ou d'une attaque d'un organisme ravageur, les plantes sont capables par certains procédés enzymatiques, métaboliques et hormonaux de se défendre et d'endiguer la menace. A ce titre on parle de mécanisme de Résistance Systémique Acquise (RSA) . Par analogie, ce phénomène peut être comparé au fonctionnement du système immunitaire.

Bien sûr, l'idée que les plantes puissent communiquer entre elles par une production et une libération de molécules n'est pas nouvelle. Il existe un grand nombre d'expériences et de travaux qui ont modélisé et démontré le potentiel effet du réseau mycorhizien dans les mécanismes d'émission de signaux entre les plantes. Plusieurs hypothèses sont levées :
 le transport de molécules d'intérêts s'effectue à la surface des hyphes mycéliens par une action de capillarité ou bien par l'intervention d'organismes extérieurs ;
 la délivrance du signal est transmise par un flux transcellulaire (cytoplasmique) ;
 la contrainte induite par un organisme indésirable (ravageurs, pathogènes…) entraîne un signal électro-chimique à travers le réseau, comparable à un influx nerveux .

La plupart des travaux réalisés ont permis de démontrer sans équivoque que l'émission de composés organiques volatils de défense était souvent induite par les phénomènes d'herbivorie. Ces composés sont souvent produits de manière systémique et peuvent être exsudés dans le sol et plus spécifiquement dans la rhizosphère .
C'est après cette découverte que l'hypothèse de facilitation du transfert au voisin par les champignons mycorhiziens a été envisagée . De plus, il a souvent été estimé que le processus d'association symbiotique mycorhizienne pouvait garantir un premier facteur de résistance contre un grand nombre de pathogènes et de ravageurs. A cet effet, on parle de Résistance Mycorhizienne Induite .

Zdenka Babikova a été un des premiers écologistes a démontrer que le mycélium mycorhizien, organe primordial de l'association symbiotique, du transfert des ressources et de la prospection de la matrice du sol pouvait également servir de  lors d'attaque de ravageurs. Il a été observé que des plantes exemptes de pucerons produisaient des composés organiques volatils (comme le salicylate de méthyle) lorsqu'elles étaient reliées à des plantes infestées. Ainsi, cette interconnexion permet aux plantes d' et de se préparer à la venue des ravageurs .
Le design expérimental mis en place a permis également de discriminer l'effet potentiel de diffusion dans le sol, l'effet de contact entre les racines et entre les hyphes mycéliens. Il est ainsi démontré que les réseaux mycorhiziens peuvent influencer les mécanismes d'interactions écologiques à différentes échelles trophiques.

En revanche, l'identité du composé de signalisation transféré par le réseau provoquant la synthèse des composés défensifs chez une plante non infestée, n'a pas été révélée par la précédente expérience. Ainsi, la résolution de l'énigme de ce signal a été une prérogative, un champ d'application majeur des phases de recherches portant sur ce phénomène. Par la suite, certains autres travaux ont montré que des lipides tels que les triglycérols étaient activement transférés par les mycéliums des organismes arbusculaires .

Des études subséquentes se sont focalisées sur d'autres aspects de la signalisation au sein d'un réseau mycorhizien. Par exemple en étudiant des plants de tomates (Solanum lycopersicum) infestés par une chenille spécifique (Spodoptera litura), il a été démontré que l'acide jasmonique pouvait avoir une implication dans l'induction de la résistance chez les plantes interconnectées . De plus, la résistance des plantes au sein d'un réseau mycorhizien ne se borne pas qu'aux ravageurs herbivores. Yuan Song a démontré que des plants de tomates interconnectés pouvaient exprimer différents gènes de résistance lors de l'invasion du champignon nécrotrophe (Alternaria solani) .

La compréhension des mécanismes reliés à la composante biotique mycorhizienne du sol est en progrès exponentiel. Il est démontré que les réseaux mycorhiziens communs, forme ultime de l'expression symbiotique, tiennent une place importante dans les interactions écologiques intervenant au sein d'un écosystème. Cependant, les expériences menées ces dernières années n'ont permis de révéler qu'une partie du processus, rendant nécessaire la poursuite des investigations, notamment sur un plus large spectre d'environnement.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Mycorhizosphère
 Suzanne Simard

Liens externes
 L'intelligence des arbres
 Les arbres solidaires entre eux?

Références

Physiologie fongique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Barcelona Beats Bayern Munich 2-0 To Win Audi Cup
by AlexLockwood on July 28, 2011
Barcelona took on Bayern Munich Wednesday night in front of a sold out crowd at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany for the final of 2011 Audi Cup.
Both sides chose to play a host of young players along with a few of their normal strong starters. Barca mixed up their lineup somewhat from the previous tie against Internaccional and chose the combination of Andres Iniesta and Thiago Alcantara in the midfield which proved to be a solid decision. Bayern were forced to start several normal subs due to the fact that Arjen Robben and Franck Ribbery were out with injuries.
Overall it was a very competent match, both sides showing a lot of skill and getting chances on goal. Bayern Munich had the first clear cut chance of the match mid-way through the first half but weren't able to convert. They would regret that miss even more when Thiago scored several minutes later with a beautiful finish off his head into the side netting.
The second half was dominated by Barcelona, Bayern had trouble holding possession against the Spanish giants and barely were able to create any chances. Barca sealed the deal in the 75th when Thiago hit the net from outside the area. It was a true wonder goal from the 20-year-old, curling the ball into the upper corner, and giving the keeper absolutely no chance to a hand to it.
It was a great match and Barcelona clearly deserved to hoist the trophy after the 90 minutes came to an end.
Barcelona are now headed to the US for an American tour, their first match will be against Manchester United on July 30th in Washington D.C.


Boston Leather holster for Stinger LED and PolyStinger LED flashlights single switch and dual switch models. This leather holster has an open top and bottom. The 5559PS Boston leather belt holster fits up to 2 1/4″ wide belts. Boston leather flashlight holsters are made in the USA.


text:
Heinrich Brunner ( - ) est un historien allemand né à Wels en Haute-Autriche.

Biographie
Après des études aux universités de Vienne, Göttingen et Berlin, il devient professeur à l'Université de Lemberg en 1866 et occupe successivement des postes similaires à Prague, Strasbourg et Berlin.

À partir de 1872, Brunner se consacre spécialement à l'étude des premières lois et institutions des Francs et des peuples apparentés de l'Europe occidentale, et sur ces sujets ses recherches sont d'une très grande valeur. Il est également une autorité de premier plan concernant le droit allemand moderne. Il devient membre de l'Académie royale des sciences de Prusse en 1884 et, en 1887, après la mort de Georg Waitz, entreprend la supervision de la section Leges de la Monumenta Germaniae Historica, qu'il dirige jusqu'à sa mort en 1915. C'est la première fois qu'un juriste dirige une section de l'HGM ; il supervise une refonte complète du programme de la section (la réédition du Capitularia et du Lex Alamannorum, puis du Lex Burgundionum et enfin du Lex Baiuvariorum).

Travaux
 Die Entstehung der Schwurgerichte (Berlin, 1872)
 Zeugen und Inquisitionsbeweis der karolingischen Zeit (Vienne, 1866)
 Das anglonormannische Erbfolgesystem. Ein Beitrag zur Parentelenordnung nebst einem Exkurs über die älteren normannischen Coutumes ( Leipzig, 1869)
 Zur Rechtsgeschichte der römischen und germanischen Urkunde (Berlin, 1880)
 Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1887-1892)
 Mitlzio und Sperantes (Berlin, 1885)
 Die Landschenkungen der Merowinger und Agilolfinger (Berlin, 1885)
 Die Herkunft der Schoeffen (Berlin, 1888) [trad: L'Origine de l'Echevin]
 Das Gerichtszeugnis und die fränkische Königsurkunde (Berlin, 1873)
 Forschungen zur Geschichte des deutschen und franzsöschen Rechts (Stuttgart, 1894)
 Grundzüge der deutschen Rechtsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1901)

Bibliographie

 Brunner, Heinrich. In: , Jan Schröder (Hrsg.): Deutsche und Europäische Juristen aus neun Jahrhunderten. 5. Auflage. Heidelberg 2008, S. 488.
 Festschrift Heinrich Brunner zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. Dargebracht von Schülern und Verehrern. Verlag Böhlau, Weimar 1910 (Nachdruck: Verlag Keip, Frankfurt am Main 1987).
 Johannes Liebrecht: Heinrich Brunner (1840–1915). In: , , , ,  (Hrsg.): Festschrift 200 Jahre Juristische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft. De Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 2010 , S. 305–326.
 : Um eine Berufung Heinrich Brunners nach Zürich. In: . 95 (1978), S. 186 ff.

Références

Liens externes

 Works by or about Heinrich Brunner
 Index des sources de la "Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte" de Heinrich Brunner (Université de Cologne, Projet "Edition des capitulaires franques")

Historien autrichien
Historien allemand du XIXe siècle
Étudiant de l'université Humboldt de Berlin
Étudiant de l'université de Göttingen
Étudiant de l'université de Vienne
Récipiendaire de l'ordre bavarois de Maximilien pour la science et l'art
Récipiendaire de la croix Pour le Mérite (ordre civil)
Membre de la Chambre des seigneurs de Prusse
Enseignant à l'université de Strasbourg
Professeur à l'université Charles de Prague
Professeur à l'université Humboldt de Berlin
Naissance en juin 1840
Naissance à Wels
Naissance dans l'empire d'Autriche
Décès en août 1915
Décès à Bad Kissingen
Décès dans le royaume de Bavière
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Décès à 75 ans


text:
Search vegvesen.no
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Home / en / Roads / Bridges
In a mountainous country cut apart by deep fjords, bridge building is a virtue of necessity. Today the NPRA is responsible for 18 000 national and county bridges, valued at NOK 46 billion.
Bridge facts
Fact Number
Number of bridges 18 199
Longest bridge, Drammensbrua 1 892 m
Longest suspension span, Askøybrua 850 m
Avarage bridge lenght 250 m
Number of ferry quay bridges 362
Total brigde lenght 446 km
BRUTUS – the management system
BRUTUS is a modul-based, modern IT system for administering, operating and maintaining bridges. The project is developed as a cost-effective tool for management and supervision of bridge-related work tasks. BRUTUS has been successfully implemented in Latvia and Tanzania .
Concrete bridges
Concrete bridges represent a major part of the total number of bridges. During the last half century long concrete bridge spans have been dominated by the segmental cantilever method. In 1998 the world record for this type of bridges was in fact beaten twice, first by Raftsundet bridge in the county of Nordland with a main span of 298 m. Later the same year Stolma bridge in Hordaland added 3 m to that record with a main span of 301 m. On these large bridges, high strength lightweight concrete is used in the superstructure to reduce weight.
Steel bridges
Effective protection against corrosion is decisive for the steel bridges' ability to compete. Our duplex protection system with thermal sprayed zinc has been used for a period of 40 years. The top coat has to be renewed every 20-30 years. Dehumidification techniques were improved during the seventies. Today we mainly build girders with trapezoidal boxes where the concrete bridge deck works in composite with the steel box. In this way we achieve a clean outer surface, easy to repaint. Inside a dehumidifier create a non corrosive environment. Main spans vary up to 120 m.
Timber bridges
Under the lead of the NPRA, timber has become a viable bridge construction material in Norway during the recent ten years. An increasing number of pedestrian as well as road bridges have been built, including world record span for modern timber road bridges of not less than 70 m. The most frequently used structural systems are arches and trusses and the bridge decks are almost exclusively stress laminated timber plates. During the recent ten years about 60 timber bridges have been built of which half are road bridges. In addition, a number of bridges have been built by the railway administration, local authorities and private interests.
Cable stayed bridges
During the last 30 years we have built 6 cable stayed bridges with main span from 155 to 530 m. Among these are the award winning bridges of Skarnsundet and Helgeland (FIP award 1994).Skarnsundet bridge was the world's longest cable stayed bridge when it was opened 1991, and is still one of the longest with concrete girder.
Suspension bridges
From 1956 to 1982 we built 16 suspension bridges with truss girder and span from 200 to 525 m. After 1992 we have built 7 suspension bridges with aerodynamic box girder and span from 335 to 850 m, all two lane bridges.
The design of a bridge with a main span of 1310 m is expected to start 2006. Because of low traffic only two lanes is needed, and this bridge is going to be one of the world's most slender suspension bridges.
Floating bridges
Two floating bridges have so far been built in the public road network. The award winning Nordhordland bridge (ECCSEuropean Award for Steel Structures 1995)is the most known with a floating span of 1246 m between the abutments. A horisontal curved steel box girder is supported by 10 lightweight concrete pontoons, spaced 114 m. Because the fjord has a depth of up to 500 m, the floating part is fixed only at each end, without any anchorage system to the sea bottom.
Submerged floating tunnel
Submerged Floating Tunnel is a new type of structure yet to be built. The concept is a tunnel, steel, concrete or both, being kept in position some depth below the water surface, not being a barrier for surface traffic. Because of being positively bouyant, the tunnel has to be anchored down to sea bottom or held in position by pontoons on the surface. The NPRA has, in cooperation with contractors and consultants, developed four alternatives of the submerged floating tunnel, three in concrete and one in steel. These four alternatives were officially approved to fulfill the requirements for crossing the Høgsfjord, a fjord 1500 wide and with a maximum depth of 170 meters. The project was unfortunately stopped due to changes in regional plans.
A two lane, network arch with a main span of 220 m, which is the world's longest span for this type of light and slender construction, is now being designed for construction.
Norwegian engineers are developing the hybrid solution"Bridge Symphony"for long span, slender bridges. The innovative technology under development is intended to enable the construction of bridges with span of up to 3 kilometres. "Bridge-symphony"is a patented innovation designed by the NPRA in cooperation with the engineering firm Dr.Ing Aas-Jakobsen AS.
Traffic conditions, please call +47 815 48 991
The Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Org.number: 971 032 081


Way To Go! LA Fire Companies In East Hollywood Knocked down the dumpster fire before it burned the entire building. The fire involved the bottom level of a three story building under construction at the intersection of Melrose and Virgil Avenues in East Hollywood.
A quick response and actions by Los Angeles Firefighters and a concrete level as a partition-protection prevented the fire from consuming the three story structure still in the framing stage. There were no injuries, the fire was snuffed out in approximately 15 minutes.
The cause of the late night blaze is under investigation. This is the 4th wood framed construction fire in 4 weeks as over 25 large wood framed projects have been attacked by fire in the last 18 months.
Insurance Underwriters are now looking for more than just a fence and security guards they want more fire protection and M-Fire is now providing Best Practice for Wood Framed Buildings all around the USA. Our Mighty Fire Breaker™ Class-A fire protection process involves spraying a clean fire inhibitor on 100% of the lumber as these projects are framed vertically. M-Fire's patent-pending APP is about to launch giving Fire Chiefs more information about buildings that are fire protected so they have more information when making the decision to save the buildings or just defend neighboring buildings.


text:
Search Results for Joe Penna
A Respectable Dubstep Tune Created Entirely From Remixed Bird Sounds
Lori Dorn
Joe Penna, also known as Mystery Guitar Man, created Bird Dubstep, a fabulous compilation of bird sounds from videos that were remixed into a respectable…
MysteryGuitarMan Photoshopped Into Stock Photos While Singing Paper Lions' Song 'Believer'
Justin Page
Joe Penna (a.k.a. "MysteryGuitarMan") has created "Stock Photo-shop," a new music video where Joe is magically Photoshopped into a bunch of stock photos while singing…
A Guitar Hero Style Music Video Made With a Conveyor Belt, Wood Blocks, and Ten People
Joe Penna (a.k.a. "MysteryGuitarMan") has created "Conveyor Belt Hero," a Guitar Hero style music video for "The Magic Minute Project" that was brought to life…
A Fabulous Compilation of Vintage Film Clips From the Mid-Twentieth Century Set to a Danceable Beat
Joe Penna, also known as Mystery Guitar Man, created Vintage Beat, a fabulous compilation of film clips from the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s that are…
Stop-Motion Animated Snapchat Video of an Orange Adventuring Through a Side-Scrolling Video Game
Joe Penna (a.k.a. "MysteryGuitarMan") used "some fruits, Snapchat, and a lot of free time" to create a stop-motion animated video of an orange adventuring through…
Classic Video Games Recreated Using Paper Cutouts and Stop Motion Animation
Joe Penna (a.k.a. "MysteryGuitarMan") has created "Paper Video Games," a wonderful stop motion animated video featuring classic video recreated using paper cutouts. Joe breathes new…
'Music with Drones', A Creative Video That Uses Minidrones to Create a Unique Symphony of Sorts
Joe Penna, also known as Mystery Guitar Man, created an amusing video that features minidrones from Parrot that interacted with a variety other objects and…
Man Covers the Traditional Greek Song 'Misirlou' With 90 Instruments From the Musical Instrument Museum
Joe Penna (a.k.a. "MysteryGuitarMan") performs a cover of the traditional Greek song "Misirlou" using 90 instruments from the Phoenix, Arizona-based Musical Instrument Museum in his…
A Bright-Eyed Eight-Month-Old Adorably Plays Every Instrument in 'Baby Band'
Rebecca Escamilla
Bright-eyed eight-month-old baby Jonah adorably plays every instrument and claps along to the music in "Baby Band" by Joe Penna. submitted via Laughing Squid Tips
A Touching Animation Made With a Single Piece of Blue Yarn That Tells the Story of a Child Growing Up
MysteryGuitarMan aka Joe Penna has created a wonderfully touching animation that depicts a child growing up to adulthood with the love of her father all…


Youth practicing their first laps with the soccer ball at last Thursday's spring soccer practice.
Registration and training for spring soccer has begun in Sooke.
Spring soccer kicked off its second season last Thursday with over 130 youth participating.
With the help of some great coaches and the U14 girls coaching the U 4-6 age group, the kids got right into kicking it up in small sided games.
We have four teams per age group and our young refs are in place to keep the ball rolling. Thanks to all that helped out and will continue to do so to keep things running smoothly for the next two months.
Registration for next season will be available during spring soccer…Thursdays from 6-8 p.m.
You can also register online via our website www.sookesoccer.com.


bibbly-o-tek » Blog Archive » Mrs Hughes, pictures, a review and a new gig!
Mrs Hughes, pictures, a review and a new gig!
First, thanks to David C you can listen to and watch Mrs Hughes from last tuesdays gig in the Scala.
Tim from Channel 4 also was at the gig, he wrote a review and he took some pictures! The last two pictures are from David C.
There also was a short interview on BBC news. We captured the audio stream for you, but if you make haste, you can watch the guys and girl walk to the pub (go to the 15 minute spot).
And it's not announced yet, but we'll be playing a free outdoor show at the Tate Britain with The Long Blondes and the 1990s on Friday 4th August.
And finally, don't miss the review at Pitchfork which was published this monday.
PLEASE GREEN COME TO ITALY SOON!!!
Bugger Italy and sod the States – what about northern England???


text:
Kobach, who has the gift of saying astounding things with a straight face, told the committee he thought voting in Kansas should be more convenient. This, remember, is the official who sent 20,000 citizens into "suspended" voting status last year, forcing them to jump through hoops even if they registered properly under federal law.
There is a reason most states, including Kansas, have gotten rid of straight ticket voting. It encourages laziness and rigs the process if one party has a big advantage, as Republicans do in Kansas.
The House committee also approved a Kobach bill to prevent a candidate from taking his or her name off of a ballot except in the event of death, which would have to occur by Sept. 1 if the election was in November.
This is in response to the ruckus last year when Democrat Chad Taylor, a candidate for U.S. Senate, decided to remove his name from the ballot. Kobach protested vociferously, as the move was expected to aid Greg Orman, an independent candidate in the race. Courts said it was acceptable, though. Kobach is now apparently seeking to have the final say.
Such an uncompromising measure is unnecessary. Candidates rarely withdraw, and most do so for good reasons, such as health concerns. Barring an exit could make some high quality candidates reluctant to enter.
As he has most years since he's been in office, Kobach is asking lawmakers for the authority to prosecute alleged election-related crimes. That duty is now handled mostly by local prosecutors. Legislators have declined Kobach's request so far and they should continue to do so. His agenda is too suspect to be trusted with prosecutorial duties.
Police forcibly arrest a person on a Kansas City sidewalk
Learn how The Star's editorial board decides who to endorse
By The Kansas City Star Editorial Board
A staffer for Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez claimed votes from Kansas Rep. Sharice Davids "enable" a racist system. The comment is inappropriate and untrue, and Ocasio-Cortez should apologize.
'Don't still be here ... when the sun comes up': Man banished from Kansas in plea deal
As embattled police chief retires, KCK must look outside department for a new leader
KC Council provides needed boost to East Side grocery store that can't afford to fail
Pro-Confederate sympathizers plan rally in Kansas. Do they know it was a free state?
Josh Hawley bill to prevent police suicides will support those who protect and serve us
If anything, full recording of Chiefs' Tyreek Hill makes him look even worse


Some skepticism is fair when America's hippest hotel brand sets up shop in Shoreditch. After all, take a walk around the neighbourhood and most Yankee hipsters will soon enough start to look like hillbillies compared to their twatty East London siblings.
But the Ace Hotel in Shoreditch isn't out to peacock and they've called in help from the best of the locals. Cue an all-day bar and brasserie (Hoi Polloi) and juice bar (Lovage) run by the team behind Bethnal Green hotspot Bistrotheque, a café by Square Mile Coffee Roasters and a flower shop by local florist Hattie Fox. International edge and local cred; that's a winner.
It's housed in the former Crowne Plaza, revamped beyond recognition by Universal Design Studio, the guys also behind One Leicester Street and Damian Hirst's Pharmacy. It retains that garage sale-chic signature style of Ace, a mix of vintage and custom-made, though with a strong local accent. Rooms, all 264 of them, are relatively large for London and the price, mod con boxes like free Wi-Fi, gym and 24-hour front desk all ticked.
As at its sister properties, you're encouraged to make use of the common areas with the lobby doubling up as work area. Tempting, but get out. The location is excellent, with neighbourhood hotspots like The Boundary, Shoreditch House and The Clove Club all within a few blocks, and they've got Tokyobikes to rent if you want to venture further.


Offered is a nicely autographed 1909-1911 T206 Sam Crawford baseball card. This card is brand new to the hobby, it comes from the original owner who acquired the autograph in person as a youngster. There are very few signed T206 cards are in existence today. Only sixty-one different poses of the 110 year old cards are known to be autographed, with some poses only having one known signed example.
Sam Crawford is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame, he was a superstar of pre-war baseball. For his career, he batted .309 over 19 seasons, while also hitting the identical number—309—in triples. He stole 367 bases, drove in 1,525 runs, scored 1,391 times, hit 458 doubles, and rang up 2,961 hits. He remains the career leader in triples.


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I am in my fourth decade walking on this planet. I have met some remarkable men and women during this time. I have traveled to many places in the world, seen many wondrous sights, and read the words of many who were dedicated to humanity. Chief among those souls who have made their lives a beacon of honest courage, who have guided me away from the hypnosis of my own unconsciousness and pointed me in the right direction stands Samuel Avital.
Fearlessly blatant, stubbornly individual, ceaselessly enthusiastic, this impish little Yoda of a man has sat with me in the stagecoach of my life in more journeys than I care to mention. His actions and words have nudged, pushed, cajoled, and guided me as I "failed forward" into each success of my life. Like a brother, father, grandfather, and friend, Samuel and his teaching was always there as support and as a resource.
When I first met him I was filled with the arrogance of a young twenty-two year old. I was, of course, invincible and impressionable all at once. I had enjoyed a degree of popular success in college and was, by all accounts, a gifted young actor. Everyone expected me to go to the East or West coast of America and make the big time. I knew, however, that there was something missing, some deeper more essential work to be done and it was that feeling that brought me to Samuel's teaching.
I was at the time completely in love with the art of mime – the purity of line, the silence, the sweat, the communion with the world of dreams and symbols, the discipline, the self-exploration, the history and artistry, all of it. Samuel helped me to take that passion and focus it in ways that would transcend vanity based endeavors. By his example, he gave me the courage to keep working beyond the cliche, beyond the mediocre and trite, to forge onward into ever more demanding material.
This did not happen automatically, however, and took considerable effort on my part, because I was good at creating my own obstacles. For example, early on in my contact with Samuel and largely because of my own grandiosity, I fell into one of the most common traps in the learning environment: making the master teacher into a godlike guru. Luckily for me, that is a role that Samuel has always abhorred and although it took a few years, Samuel finally managed to help me break that spell. The popping of that bubble, ironically enough, may have been Samuel's greatest gift to me. That is not surprising, however, since one of his predominant missions is to liberate people from their self-deceptions and self-imposed restrictions.
Following my first summer workspace, I became an Artist in Residence for the city of Dallas, launched my own solo work which toured and was later produced in Los Angeles, auditioned for and was chosen to be one of three company members for the international touring cast of MUMMENSCHANZ, worked as an actor and teacher in New York, taught movement and mime at respected schools such as Carnegie-Mellon University and Ryerson Theatre School in Toronto. I have published two books (one of them co-authored with Samuel) and have completed another one to be released soon. I am a professional actor and stage combat choreographer and I continue to perform, direct plays, and currently, I am the movement teacher at Penn State University where I enjoy teaching undergraduate and graduate actors.
Through the years my flame of artistry has continued to burn bright and I have had the honor of passing that flame on to whomever is called into my work and is ready to engage in the pursuit of mastery. Although I have my own way of working and certainly teach from my own core, I am a product of Samuel, Samuel's teachers, their teachers and on and on back through time. I am proud to be a part of that lineage, to be carrying some of that flame so elegantly passed from heart to heart.
I now have students who are beginning to teach, to integrate my teachings into their own forms and to pass the flame on in their own way. I receive letters and cards and calls from students who have all benefited from this relay of light.
These accomplishments would not have been possible were it not for this demanding, sweet, uninhibited and courageous man named Samuel Avital. His fortitude in the face of adversity, his rugged individuality and generous universality have made my life richer beyond measure. I repay his efforts through my teaching, through my own adherence to what is honest, clear, and precise.
It was in the 1980′s, I was living in New York City and working as an actor. I received word that Samuel was going to be teaching a workshop at the Omega Institute in upstate New York. I made the arrangements to attend his workshop and to reconnect with him and his teachings. Our reunion was delightful, full of smiles and laughter and warmth.
His class was well attended and his teaching was in top form. I was amazed at how his work had evolved through the years and still managed to maintain integrity and purity. We all embraced the work with relish. Near the end of the workshop, Samuel informed me that he had been asked to perform for the end of the workshop celebration night. He asked me if I would join him in a mime performance. I was honored, of course, and accepted immediately.
I soared like a comet through that night. Our performance was highly touted and well received and we graciously accepted the praise. Yet, we both knew that we had experienced something else, some kind of initiation that blessed us with the opportunity to share the stage together. This electromagnetic atomic universe is mysterious, vast, and incomprehensible. Yet, amidst the swirl of all those atoms in the void that night, we, all of us in that auditorium, took on a particular shape and remembered, if even for a few hours.
So say what you will about mime or about teachers or the policies of this country or that country, or any other subject that we use to divert and occupy our awareness, I have lived through that and other similar events which present to me a smile and a peace that few will ever know.


Bede House has been helping local people for over 80 years to improve life for themselves, their families and the community in the London Borough of Southwark.
Full time, permanent contract £26,452 to £30,540 (depending on qualifications and experience), plus contributory pension.
Bede is an established, multi-purpose local charity based in Bermondsey, London SE16. Our Starfish Project provides services for clients who have experienced domestic abuse and who have complex needs. Our small team works with over 150 individuals each year using a flexible, creative casework approach and facilitates peer support through the Freedom Programme and Survivors' Groups.
This is an exciting, demanding role for a person who has the potential to develop their casework skills and facilitate reflective support groups. You will have at least six months' experience in casework with vulnerable individuals in crisis who are at risk of physical and emotional harm. If you do not already have a Safer Lives qualification (or equivalent) or a qualification to run the Freedom Programme, there are excellent training opportunities for the successful candidate to develop their potential. Starting salary will reflect qualifications and experience. For an informal discussion about the role, please contact the project manager, Ahlam Laabori, on 020 7237 9162.
We are looking for volunteers to help with our allotment, wildlife and art groups. Mondays – Fridays between 9.30 and 3.30pm.
You can choose your day(s) and whether you do a morning or afternoon session.
We can offer supervision and the opportunity to attend training courses. We will reimburse your fares and you can have a free lunch if you volunteer all day.
Sharing skills with young people e.g. IT, media, sports, music etc. Most evenings 6pm-9pm.


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A $50,000 settlement between the city of La Cañada Flintridge and the family of the victims who died in a runaway truck crash on Angeles Crest Highway in 2009 is expected to be formalized, according a lawyer involved with the case.
Scott Grossberg, an attorney for the California Joint Powers Insurance Authority — of which La Cañada is a member — said they had decided to settle the wrongful death lawsuit filed by the family of Angel Posca and his 12-year-old daughter Angelina, who died April 1, 2009, when their car was struck on Foothill Boulevard by an out-of-control big rig coming down the Angeles Crest Highway.
The truck driver, Marcos Costa, was convicted in July of involuntary manslaughter, gross vehicular manslaughter and reckless driving for the crash in which his big rig, having lost its brakes during the steep Crest descent, slammed into the Posca's car, killing them both.
Costa was sentenced in September to seven years and four months in prison, but due to time already served, could end up serving less than three years.
The Posca family has already settled their wrongful death lawsuits with the California Department of Transportation for $2.25 million and with Costa for $900,000.
In the latest settlement agreement, the first $30,000 will be paid by the city, with the remaining $20,000 payment shared by the membership of the authority, City Manager Mark Alexander said.
The city's settlement was based on a calculation against the further costs of defending the case, not on any admission of blame on the part of the city, Grossberg said.
Steres called the settlement a "a minimal payment" to resolve the issue for the city.
"The city is pleased to have resolved this and have it behind it," he said.
Caltrans attorney Christopher Hiddleson said that the Posca family's case was now fully settled out of court, leaving only some minor claims against Caltrans from other parties.
The Poscas' attorney, Chris Aitken, did not respond to requests for comment.


Elizabeth Smith Beauty Salon based in Norwich Norfolk.
My name is Elizabeth Smith and I am the owner of Elizabeth Smith Beauty salon in Norwich. I am passionate about the beauty field and love making people feel great about themselves. I pride myself in trying to use the most natural products whenever possible. I am NVQ City and Guilds level 2 qualified in beauty and go on regular courses to keep up with the trends, so I am able to provide my clients with the most up to date treatments. I run my beauty salon from a relaxed environment within my own home.
On a personal note, I love travelling and spent five years on and off backpacking around the world, including countries like China, Thailand, Iceland and Australia. I taught English as a as foreign language to four year old children and trekked the Himalayan mountains! I have a gorgeous little girl who was born June 2011. I can't wait to take her to amazing places and teach her different cultures from around the world. We regularly attend baby groups around Norwich and often go to places like Wroxham Barns and Banham Zoo. Other hobbies are photography, gardening (home produce), cooking and scuba diving.
Me and my baby girl Jessica. She is just 6 weeks old in this photo and weighed 6.6lb at birth.
My portfolio for beauty media.
I have been lucky enough to be asked to write some articles for a local magazine called Iceni in Norwich. In the sideshow you have see the articles I have done. I have covered most things from pamper parties to over plucked eyebrows! I have also done the nails for the Anglian home improvements TV ad in April 2013 – please see the media coverage in the slideshow.
I am always happy to write articles on beauty, so please don't hesitate to get in touch.
My chosen charity is Parkinson's UK, to which I give an annual donation.


The Team at Chestermere Station Dentistry is pleased to offer direct billing to your insurance for most of our services, and we are here to help you navigate coverage and obtain the maximum use of your benefits. Please contact us at (587) 349-5858 for a consultation to discuss your insurance coverage.
We are happy to file your insurance claims for you. Please bring your insurance information when you come in for your appointment. We will work with you to ensure that you receive the maximum benefits to which you are entitled. Remember, insurance is intended to cover some, but not all of the cost of your treatment. The fees charged for services rendered to those who are insured are the usual and customary fees charged to all our patients for similar services. Your insurance policy may base its eligible fee on a fixed fee schedule, which may or may not coincide with our usual fees. You should be aware that different insurance carriers vary greatly in the types of coverages available.
A) Yes, we do offer direct billing for some services, also called assignment (as long as a valid Credit Card is left on file).
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A) A Pre-Treatment Estimate gives you the exact cost of the treatment. Upon request, we'll file this paperwork with your insurance provider before any dental work is performed. While this may delay your treatment, you'll know exactly what (if any) out-of-pocket costs you may be required to pay.
A) We require payment in full at the time of treatment. We accept Cash, MasterCard, Visa, American Express and Interac (Debit).
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Home > Buzz	RHOC Former Housewives: Where Are They Now?
RHOC Former Housewives: Where Are They Now?
Who's traded their OC orange for a Florida orange?
Emily Bertha June 11, 2019 1:48pm
RHOC is returning soon for season 14, and it's got us thinking about all of the Housewives who were a part of the franchise since its premiere in 2006. So we decided to look back on Housewives who are no longer on the show to see what they're up to now.
JEANA KEOUGH
This real housewife and real estate agent left the show after five seasons, but she's certainly stayed busy since then. After listing her OC home, Jeana Keough made the part-time move to Florida. She moved down south not to retire and use old age as an excuse to drive recklessly, but rather to flip houses. Jeana is getting her Florida real estate license and plans to work alongside her son-in-law; so much for not mixing family and business. Living in Florida means she'll be closer to her daughter, Kara, and her adorable grandson. Who knows, maybe she'll be part of a new show on HGTV next!
KIMBERLY BRYANT
One of the original housewives, Kimberly Bryant left the show after just one season. She moved with her family and now lives in the suburbs of Chicago, a big change from the mansions of California. Kimberly remained a stay at home mom and currently spends her time helping different charities in and around the city. Talk about a 180 life change.
JO DE LA ROSA
Another OC OG, Jo de la Rosa has been absent from social media in the past couple of years. However, early this year she announced on Instagram that she ended her second engagement and moved back to L.A. Despite the huge life change, Jo seems excited to be starting over. Career wise, she's apparently starting a new marketing/business venture, but she hasn't specified what exactly that is. Stay tuned to see if she'll be the next business mogul ala Skinnygirl.
TAMMY KNICKERBOCKER
Tammy Knickerbocker is still living in OC with her daughters. She recently started a business endeavor called Very which is VERY hard to find details about. While there's really no telling what exactly the line is, we wish this OC alum all the best.
QUINN FRY
This OC cougar now lives in Northern California away from the glitz and glam to be closer to her family. While she doesn't seem thrilled to be living farther away from the OC, she appears to enjoy her role as grandma to her four grandkids. Who knows, maybe Quinn Fry will stumble upon a different sort of cougar to befriend in the woods close to where she lives and gain a spinoff show: Cougars of Cali.
LYNNE CURTIN
Living in OC and being in the spotlight was hard, so now this former Housewife is just focusing on running her company: Lynee Curtin Designs. She's excited to expand the company in the following years to include a swimwear line. It's honestly a shame she didn't start an actual curtain design company instead… Lynne is also a grandma now, although she prefers to be called "Gia" instead of "Grandma" so as not to feel old (if you watched even one episode with her in it, you'll understand why that isn't surprising at all).
LYDIA MCLAUGHLIN
I can only handle one emotional person at a time, and that person will always be me. I've never been a fan of people who use "jerk" as a hard hitting insult, and Lydia McLaughlin is no exception. She seems like an annoyingly nice, agreeable person overall, but that's exactly why she's no longer on the show; "nice" doesn't usually equate "entertaining." Lydia took a break in between seasons, but now it seems she's gone from the franchise for good. The mom of three is putting her time into her jewelry line as well as the magazine she runs with her husband: Beverly Hills Magazine. She's also a publisher for their latest magazine Noble Man, a title that sounds more pretentious than someone who constantly quotes The New Yorker while pretending to actually like the overpriced kombucha they're drinking.
LIZZIE ROVSEK
This former housewife realized that not everyone is meant to be on a reality show. While she still has the same overly arched eyebrows, Lizzie Rovsek now spends her time working on her swimwear line, Sun Kitten Swimwear. She finalized her divorce back in 2018, and the newly single mom is designing a new swimwear line for boys and men. Lizzie is also co-host of the talk show Upgrade Your Life, a concept that is surprisingly not at all difficult to do when you're already rich!
LAURI PETERSON
One of the original housewives, these days Lauri Peterson is busy with her family, particularly her son, Josh, who was accused of attempted murder back in 2016. She's claiming her son's innocence and continually advocating for his release. While her son is in jail, Lauri is busy taking care of his daughter, Kennedy. When she's not helping Josh with legal work, she's running an instagram account for her two adorable dogs. I too use pictures of cute animals as a coping mechanism, and I invite you all to join us!
Alexis Bellino AKA 'Jesus Jugs' was allegedly fired after season 8, divorced her now ex, Jim, and no longer has her clothing line. But don't despair! Apparently God or karma or a fairy god mother helped the former Housewife out. Aside from having one of the best nicknames ever created on The Real Housewives, Alexis now has a new boyfriend: Andy Bohn. The couple apparently already has a fan page with no posts, so we'll see how that goes. As of right now, Alexis is focused on raising her three kids and still working on the jewelry/clothing/hat/everything line, Glitzy Bella. It's definitely not couture, but I guess it's something to do besides going to church.
Want to know where former Housewives of other franchises are now? Check back for new articles in our Buzz section!
Category: Bravo TV Shows, Lists & GIFS, Real Housewives Gossip Tags: RHOC
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text:
Q: Inline SVG background image does not work in React.js I have a component that should provide a div with a dot grid pattern.
The function that should do the work looks like this:
drawSquareDotGrid(distance, unit, colour){
        var newGrid = "data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg width=\""+distance+unit+"\" height=\""+distance+unit+"\"><circle cx=\"4mm\" cy=\"4mm\" r=\"0.3mm\" fill=\""+colour+ "\"/></svg>"
        this.setState({grid: newGrid })
    }

and this is my render function:
  render() {
    const windowHeight = window.innerHeight - 105
    const sx = {width: "100%",
                height: windowHeight,
                backgroundImage: 'url('+ this.state.grid +')'}
    return (

    )
  }

The string with SVG does not appear in generated HTML however it somewhat works if I use simpler SVG like this:
var newGrid = "data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg><circle></svg>"

Any idea how to fix this?
Thank you!
Rosta

A: As @Kaiido pointed out URI should be encoded with window.encodeURIComponent. Also there were missing xlmns and viewPort information in the SVG header.
Fixed code looks like this:
drawSquareDotGrid(distance, unit, colour){
    var prefix = "data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,"
    var grid = "<svg width=\""+distance+unit+"\" height=\""+distance+unit+"\" viewPort=\"0 0 5mm 5mm\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"><circle cx=\"4mm\" cy=\"4mm\" r=\"0.3mm\" fill=\""+colour+ "\"/></svg>"
    var newGrid = prefix + window.encodeURIComponent(grid)
    this.setState({grid: newGrid })
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Italian designer Roberto Cavalli presented his first collection in 1970 and came to be known for his lavishly printed and colored leatherwear and denim. In 1999, he introduced menswear and eyewear and followed with Cavalli Jeans (later renamed to Just Cavalli) in 2000. After receiving a Bambi award in 2006, Cavalli worked on a collection with H&M that hit stores the following year and in 2009, he introduced a made-to-measure service, Roberto Cavalli Saint-Honoré.
"I love a woman, I love to judge how beautiful she is, how beautiful I can make her."


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04.20.2018 | 2 min read
How L.A. Can Stop Dumping Plastic and Start Saving Water
This year, Earth Day's organizers have made it their goal to secure a future that's free from plastic pollution. When you think about plastic pollutants, you probably think of the massive garbage island circulating the Pacific Ocean. According to a recent study in the journal Scientific Reports, that patch of garbage is estimated to be large enough to form an island three times the size of France. But the clogging of our waters begins a lot closer to home.
In L.A. County, stormwater contributes to the more than 4,000 tons of trash and plastic that have to be cleaned off our beaches every year. It also picks up all sorts of chemicals from fertilizers, and other toxins as it flows over streets and (eventually) into the ocean.
But this scourge of dirty water isn't inevitable; it's preventable. Engineers are already using existing modern technologies and natural solutions to filter contaminants from rainwater.
Take the San Gabriel Valley; there, rainwater already finds its way into one of the "spreading grounds" — shallow and deep basins that have sandy, gravelly, and cobbly bottoms, which filter rainwater as it passes into the ground. (You can think of them as natural Brita filters.) They work in combination with dams to capture as much water as possible and minimize the amount that flows to the ocean. Through the porous soil, the water is eventually pumped into treatment facilities and distributed to taps. But more funding is needed here to boost stormwater collection and make the system more climate resilient.
In other parts of the region, exciting projects are in their nascent stage. In the Florence-Firestone neighborhood, The Franklin D. Roosevelt Park stormwater capture project would collect dry weather urban runoff and stormwater to replenish fields, allowing families to spread out and play in communities where green space is scarce.
Future droplets may be harnessed in Sun Valley, where a proposal would transform a disused landfill into a meandering meadow. And yet another initiative will turn highway medians into stormwater gardens, interrupting the endless monotony of our roadways. Natural, green spaces like these help absorb water like a sponge, rather than funneling it out into the ocean — along with all that plastic trash.
L.A. County is continually making efforts to ensure that stormwater is captured, and flows through filters and into basins where it can be cleaned, instead of being dumped on L.A. neighborhoods and beaches. Far from being pie-in-the-sky visions, these plans represent a viable option for improving the resilience and sustainability of the county's water supply.
L.A. County could one day capture, clean, and conserve water rather than importing it from hundreds of miles away — and, in so doing, better protect public health and the environment. On this Earth Day, that's a vision we can all get behind.
How to Avoid Our Own "Day Zero" in L.A. County
When L.A. County Was Covered In Wetlands


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Photographer @ Self Employed based in DeLand,Florida, USA Eric Smith portfolio on Visura - a professional network to connect with photo editors and art buyers, and build photography portfolio websites. Visura members, like Eric, share photojournalism, art photography, landscape, travel photography, portraits and more. Eric has 0 projects, community news posts, and 0 images shared in the photo stream.
Haitian Photojournalist, videographer and editor. I work for Le Nouvelliste.


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Morning Fizz
Appears to be Safe for Now
By Morning Fizz 3/23/2012 at 12:00pm
1. Sarajane Siegfriedt, a low-income housing activist, confirms that she's running for the state house seat being vacated by retiring Rep. Phyllis Gutierrez Kenney (D-46). In an email, Siegfriedt---who has advocated for AIDS housing, for people with disabilities, and for drug and alcohol treatment programs, among other causes---tells PubliCola she's running as "the housing and human services candidate who will fight for a compassionate budget that fully funds education as well as the safety net."
Jessyn Farrell, the former director of the Transportation Choices Coalition, is also running.
2. Darshan Rauninyar, an independent candidate for the First District Congressional seat being vacated by Democrat Jay Inslee, who's running for governor, may not have filled out the King County Democrats' candidate questionnaire, but he did sit down with a Whatcom County blogger the other day to talk about his views.
Rauninyar told the blog, The Political Junkie, that he's running as a small business candidate---his company sells flash drives---who will "close tax loopholes and bring the jobs back." He supports marriage equality but opposes marijuana legalization; wants to overturn Citizens United (the Supreme Court ruling that allows corporations to fund independent expenditure ads without disclosure or funding limits); and wants to lock in tuition costs during a student's first year in college.
3. The Central Cinema, which was threatened with closure under state liquor board rules outlawing beer and wine service in theaters where minors are present, appears to be safe for now, the Central District News reports.
The rule specifically applies to theaters with movie screens that serve booze to over-21 patrons, and applies to just seven theaters in the state. Last legislative session, Vancouver Sen. Craig Pridemore (D-49) tried to overturn the rule, with legislation that would have allowed minors into beer-serving theaters as long as those theaters adopt a "minor control plan" for keeping kids from drinking booze on the premises. Although that bill didn't go anywhere, the liquor board has apparently informed Central Cinema it can keep serving beer and wine during all-ages movies.
4. Josh will be on KCTS TV 9 tonight at 7 pm to discuss the week's big stories—including. we imagine, Erica's scoop yesterday that Rob McKenna told a meeting of the Eastside Transportation Association, the private sector group that joined Kemper Freeman's losing court battle to stop light rail from crossing I-90, about his own disappointment that Bellevue (which approved the Sound Transit plan by 58 percent in 2008) is actually getting light rail.
5. There's a big debate tonight in Everett sponsored by the Washington State Labor Council starring the pack of Democrats running to take US Rep. Jay Inslee's seat (Inslee has given up the seat to run for governor).
Kcts, Morning Fizz, 46th District


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