Ordinarily I don't write editorials and this blog is really about the miniatures hobby and my professional work within it. But, as you can see from this post date and the previous one, there has been a six-month gap between my posting here and the diversion I engaged in to fund my idealized projects. Over that time period the physical and emotional strain of working on the projects has caused my professional work to suffer, drained our savings, and damaged many of my personal and professional relationships. I am extremely grateful to all of our supports and enthusiasts who have contributed to these projects and participated in making them a reality. The main focus of this op-ed is mainly an observation of the community at large. The temperature of the community has seemed to have changed since the launch of our first project.
I love being a freelance sculptor and ever since I was of grade-school age I dreamt of being some sort of a professional artist making a living from things I have crafted. It has taken me thirty-five years since then but now this is how I make my living, just like any other trained professional from electricians, to plumbers, to doctors, to mechanics. It is service oriented like the previous occupations listed but it is more like a lawyer who drafts a contract for a client or a carpenter who builds a fence on your property, there is a tangible item as a result, the sculpt. While these other professionals have a much larger service base, lots of people need or want their services, my area of expertise is very niche and luxury-based. The items I produce are for entertainment and the smaller market within that is tabletop gaming. There are only a handful of people in this industry who do what I do, and an even smaller amount who do it well. But at the same time, the audience for my work is also very small by comparison. Providing these services to clients is one thing. Making and selling produced goods is another.
The things I am about to share are my opinions and observations about crowdfunding, specifically from the angle of the tabletop gaming category of Kickstarter and the community that surrounds it. I have launched four 'successful' Kickstarter projects in order to fund my own line of female character figures, a special release kit, a vehicle release resin garage kit, and a tabletop battle game with supporting line of miniatures called COUNTERBLAST. And while most of these previous Kickstarter projects funded, the final project did not and was relaunched in order to make a more attractive project to backers.
I started developing the idea for the game many years ago. I had pitched the concept to another miniatures company in 2006 and even sold them several of the concept models for them to produce. Since nothing materialized with the game part, I stashed the concept until another opportunity presented itself. When Kickstarter became poplar as a opportunity to fund indy gaming projects, it seemed the ideal venue to present my game idea. So, over the course of time, we launched the other projects intending each to be stepping stones along the path to build the game project. We put together some initial pieces and ran demos at many different venues including GenCon. Reactions and feedback were always positive and we got lots of encouragement from the start that it was fresh take on the genre, even though it was retro in flavor.
Our first version of the COUNTERBLAST funding project was assessed at a $60,000 goal. Now, while this may seem high it takes into account many things behind the scenes that have to happen to launch. Rational thinking told us that we had 1100 backers on the Babes project, so if half of them returned to back this that would be around 550. If the "sweet spot" of items offered was in the $100 range, as most other game projects, that would be $55K making it very close to that funding goal. We were out of pocket for concept art, advertising, and professional services fees but had to take into account the addition of all of the projected costs that manufacturing the items would need, like cover & interior art for the book, printing, molding, casting, and shipping. The professional services included rates for our writers to make the game material and sculpting fees for all of the models shown on the project.
We launched the initial COUNTERBLAST project for thirty days where over the course of a week it met it's apex and then stalled, failing to attract any additional backers over several days. We discussed the cause of this at length. We had a critical window for delivery so each day that the project sat there unable to attract any more backers, we lost valuable production time. Do we spend more money on banner ads? How can we get the word out to even more potential backers without it looking like spam? I was even accused of usurping free advertising on one Facebook group and subsequently I removed my posts there.
So, after rebuilding the project from the graphics on up, I took it upon myself to cancel the first project in order to relaunch and reduce as little downtime as possible. Our existing backers seemed amiable for the most part, however I was completely taken with shock at some of the vitriol that was posted about canceling the first version of the project.
Another Forum poster added this.
That may be the case. But can you explain how the merit of the material has changed simply because we want to restructure the funding project to add value to it? Has the writing or rules changed somehow? Is the sculpting of less quality now? Have the art or designs changed? It evidently hasn't because you feel willing to purchase it retail afterwards.
I all likelihood it was not going to fund and looking at the Expected Projection tab on Kicktraq for a project does not predict what a project will do, only what the potential would be if every day was exactly the same as the actual completed days. To prove this, you can watch a project's Expected Projection drop every day the "Pledges per Day" and "Backers per Day" drops. This provides a completely skewed expectation in many backers' estimations of a project because as the next graph shows, there is a distinct opening and closing rush to most every project.
So, we relaunched the project with a $15K goal and most of the existing backers migrated over to the new one. This allowed us to fund the project quite early, within the first day, and then offer new items as additional funds were pledged.
What was pretty clear after the first week of the 'new and improved' project was this was going to be all of the activity the project was going to get. It also confirmed that the first version would not have funded at all, anyway.
This particular pattern in the above graph of the revised project does not seem to be unusual. Looking at similarly structured projects to ours and comparing their pledge trends to ours it seems similar, too. It takes into account the psychology of many backers in the community. Why there is now a trend towards abandoning most projects in the final third of the funding period is very confusing to me. And this is not a psychological study, merely an observation.
This has happened on other projects that were similar in scope to ours, Pulp City: Extreme Edition and Empire of the Dead: REQUIEM. In a recent conversation with Dark Sword Miniatures owner Jim Ludwig, we discussed these trends at length. Is it that the projects run for such an extended period that there is not enough growth to offset the backers who will inevitably drop out? Would the answer be to run shorter projects? I can't say. In running a shorter project you limit the exposure of the funding period and many who would want to back it may miss it, but then there is no sense of urgency to prompt backers to pledge early that the shorter project may offer.
So, in essence we netted about half of what we really needed in order to make the project viable. This statement is not intended to imply we will not deliver the rewards. We will still produce all of the items and fulfill all of the backer rewards on time, or as close to it as possible, as we have done on our other projects. But what would have allowed a bigger margin to develop more new models and get more art for the book are just not there.
Well - this is fun, right? You love your job so that's it's own reward, right? Please see paragraph two, above. I'm sure many other professionals love their jobs, too, but will their lovin' pay their bills?
We had no gameplay video at the launch, as it's to fund a GAME!
Going forward, these are certainly things we will address. Our main focus now is fulfilling our backer's rewards while cultivating and growing our community of Bombardiers. The game has yet to be released to the wider market and the next few months will be extremely important to raise awareness and show how cool it is which will hopefully generate even more interest.
Will I return to Kickstarter to fund future projects? I don't know. But in a conversation with writer and game blogger Tom Haswell (Second Class Elitist) from the League of Extraordinary Gamers, he mentioned something that we had already discussed here at the Bomb Factory. From a Kickstarter project with limited freebies and a non-40K clone to boot, 300+ people bought *our game* with the intention of playing *our game.* (300+ backers because some of the higher pledges are group or club pledges) That's not a bad start out of the gate. Given a small, invested player base a really tight product with great post-production values, and they'll play it with their friends. Who will then buy models to play with more friends.


Visiongain has calculated that the global Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Market will see a capital expenditure (CAPEX) of $4,627.8 mn in 2018. Read on to discover the potential business opportunities available.
LNG adoption is rapidly increasing due to the fact that natural gas is a competitive and environment-friendly option when compared to other fossil fuel sources. Small-scale LNG import terminals are primarily designed to serve the fuel requirements of a particular industry such as power generation and/or functions as a hub for ship and truck fueling. The risks associated with the development of large LNG facilities are significantly high when compared to small-scale terminals.
Small-scale LNG import terminals are the most economical option for such nations which have just started adopting LNG as a fuel in their respective industries. Several small nations are importing or planning to import LNG in small quantities specifically to cater to the feeling requirements of the power generation industry.
Several nations such as the Dominican Republic have just started importing LNG in small quantities to fulfil some of their industrial requirements. Such countries do not prefer importing large shipments of LNG as the demand for natural gas is still in the nascent stages in these nations.
The global market for small scale LNG is driven by high levels of spending in established and emerging markets. An important share of future capital expenditure will be driven by the greater deployment of LNG as a fuel, and growing investment in small scale LNG carriers.
With reference to this report, it details the key investments trend in the global market, subdivided by regions, capital expenditure and equipment. Through extensive secondary research and interviews with industry experts, visiongain has identified a series of market trends that will impact the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Market over the forecast timeframe.
• How is the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market evolving?
• What is driving and restraining the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market dynamics?
• How will each technology in Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG segment grow over the forecast period and how much sales will these submarkets account for in 2028?
• How will market shares of each the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) submarket develop from 2018-2028?
• Which Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) submarket will be the main driver of the overall market from 2018-2028?
• How will political and regulatory factors influence regional the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market and submarkets?
• Will leading national the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market broadly follow macroeconomic dynamics, or will individual country sectors outperform the rest of the economy?
• How will market shares of the national markets change by 2027 and which nation will lead the market in 2028?
This independent 200-page report guarantees you will remain better informed than your competitors. With 106 tables and figures examining the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market space, the report gives you a direct, detailed breakdown of the market. PLUS, Capital expenditure and Capacity by type and geography, as well as in-depth analysis of leading companies in the Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market from 2018-2028 that will keep your knowledge that one step ahead of your rivals.


You are my best friend, my shoulder to lean on, the one person I know I can count on. You're the love of my life, you're my one and only, you're my everything. Sharing life with you is the sweetest thing I've ever known.


text:
News Featured News Latest News Politics
Governor Reeves delivers 2021 'State of the State' address
by Steven Gagliano January 26, 2021 January 27, 2021
Image Courtesy of TeleSouth Communications
After an eventful first year in office, Governor Tate Reeves delivered his State of the State address on the steps of the capitol this afternoon as he looks ahead to 2021. The governor covered a myriad of topics with the overarching theme of the state's effort to navigate the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Below, you can read through the governor's remarks which have been broken down by topic.
To members of the legislature and other public servants who would normally be here, I wish that we could be together today. We all know that normal has not been in the cards in 2020 or 2021 so far. But I know that you will be able to thoughtfully carry out your work even despite the challenges before us. I'm grateful for your service and I'm even more grateful for your friendship.
I'm very proud to be joined by my beautiful wife, who has been the steady hand I've needed during this tumultuous year. Elee, thank you for being a friend, a great Mom to our daughters, and a true partner in this work.
Ladies and gentlemen, I am here to say that our state is unconquerable. We have taken every hit that can be thrown. We've been tested by every force of nature, disease, and human frailty. It is already a miracle that our state is still standing, but we are not simply standing. We are marching forward.
In this year of crisis and confusion, there has been a solid foundation. It is the Mississippi spirit that binds all of us together. This is not a state of people who have cowered in the face of adversity.
We've got grit, and pride, and faith. We know how to overcome our differences and work together. We know how to do hard things. We know how to treat one another.
As we saw on Easter Sunday, this is a state of people who won't let a tornado leave the ground before arriving with chainsaws to clear their neighbors' land. As we saw after Zeta, it is a state of people who won't let the waves of a hurricane rush back to the sea before ensuring their neighbor has food and warmth. We are a state of people who step up, time and again, and have exceeded all expectations this year.
Tennessee Williams was a world-renowned playwright, and a son of Lowndes County, Mississippi. He once wrote that "The violets in the mountains have broken the rocks." What he meant was that decency, kindness, empathy, and goodness always win, even when facing hardened opposition. That has happened here, in our state, in our time. We've seen courage and compassion beat the forces of chaos and destruction in Mississippi. The victory isn't final, but we can see it here every day.
That victory is visible in the long hours of nurses, teachers, and first responders. It is visible in the lives saved by ordinary heroes administering care–physical, emotional, and spiritual–on a daily basis in our state.
It is because of those people that Mississippi was able to move forward when the rest of the world came to a halt. In Mississippi, we never stopped working. We never shut down our farms and we never shut down our factories. What we did slow down for safety, we opened up as quickly and as widely as we possibly could.
We've been cautious, never panicked. We've been safe, but not stubborn. Life cannot be lived in perpetual idleness and isolation. We realized that, and we've adapted our plans throughout the year–responding swiftly when the spread was most severe and opening up whenever it is possible.
And that has made a tremendous difference. Despite the once in a century pandemic, Mississippi's economy actually grew year over year. Think about that. We were the third-best state in the country for job recovery. We had more tourism spending return than any other state in the country–we were number one!
That's not just because of an open economy. It's because Mississippians don't want welfare, they want to work. They recognize the pride and dignity that comes with it, and they've been eager to return when given the opportunity.
It is also why, as we look forward, we cannot be content with where we are. We can never simply say "that's good enough."
I don't want to compete with the Mississippi of the last fifty years. I don't want to compete with Mississippi of the last decade. I don't want to compete with Mississippi of last year. I want to compete with the best–Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Texas. Because I know we can compete, and I know we can win.
We can get in the ring with anybody, and we can leave with more jobs and higher wages. Mississippians can bring more skill and dedication to any project than anyone else, anywhere in the world. We work harder than anyone. Why shouldn't we get the best jobs, the best expansions, and best headquarters? I believe we can. And as Mississippi's own, the great Dizzy Dean, once said: "If you can do it, it ain't braggin'."
This is a time of global upheaval, uncertainty, and chaos. And it is in those times that fortunes are made. We need to make Mississippi's fortune today–this is the moment in our history to do it. We've chosen a new banner, we've improved our education, and we've shown the world that we're open for business. Now we need to go out and win high-paying jobs for the people of our state.
Income Tax Elimination:
I believe that in order to fully capture the potential of this historic moment, we must think big. We need a bold move. This is the time for an action that will turn heads all across the country and get money and people flowing in. And I believe that move is the elimination of the income tax. It is a reward for our hard workers, and an incentive for others to invest here, to grow here, and to live here.
We can transform our economy. We can do it in a smart way, recognizing that it will take a few years to phase in. But we can change a generation of lives here, by attracting the jobs and wages we deserve. I am ready to work with legislators on this, and I know that there is an appetite for this type of boldness.
There are still many who say that we can't lower taxes because it puts new government spending at risk. And I understand that it is often good politics to act like something from the government is a gift. The far left has played that tune for generations.
But we have to be clear: the government does not have anything that it does not first take from a taxpayer. And the people of this state understand that. We have to respect the workers of Mississippi enough to recognize when we can show restraint and stop taking from them. Allow you to spend your money that you make, and it will grow our economy beyond belief.
Workforce Development:
I also believe we need to sharpen one particular tool to get our economy rolling–our state's workforce development. We don't need Mississippians to be stuck in low-paying jobs. We want them to embark on careers with good pay and freedom. The best way to accomplish that is to help lift young Mississippians up–give them access to training that puts them in a position to succeed.
The legislature made great progress in this effort last legislative session. I'm very grateful for their work. Now, I'm calling on the legislature to continue their wise investments in this mission. It is essential. It is how we will succeed. It is how we will lift people out of poverty and into proud work. I know they share that goal.
That mission really begins years sooner, with a solid education. Mississippi has made incredible strides–number one in the nation in improvements. Now we need to, once again, set our sights even higher. This is not good enough, we can be better.
This year, in spite of tremendous pressure, we recognized that education is essential. It cannot be accomplished at scale without the incredible efforts of in-person educators. It seems obvious in hindsight, but there were tremendous headwinds. I know that we made the right decision to open our schools and allow our children and parents access to a true education.
We need to keep working. We need to keep fighting for every child to have access to the education that they deserve. We need to ensure that parents have the choice to save their child from a district that lets them down. And we need to reward our teachers for the exceptional, life-changing work that they do.
I support a teacher pay raise. I know the Senate has already passed the Lieutenant Governor's plan, and I know that the Speaker and the House have always been supportive of raises for teachers. I'll be eager to sign any raise that the legislature can send me. Our teachers have earned it. It's the right way to invest.
There's a lot more policy and politics to be hashed out in the coming year. Some of it is even important. But I know the people of Mississippi have heard a lot from me over the last year, so I want to keep this address on point. I want the people of Mississippi to know my focus for the weeks, months, and year ahead:
COVID-19 Response/Vaccination Efforts:
First, we need to crush this virus and get back to our way of life. The virus is still here, and it cannot be solved by ignoring it. We have to defeat it, because Mississippians are done. We're done burying loved ones who were lost to this virus. We're done with stressed hospitals. We're done with the fearful talk of lockdowns and shutdowns. We're ready for community again.
We all want schools to flourish with children learning and playing carefree. We want businesses thriving, with crowds of customers joined together. We want to let down the constant guard, and be joyful together. We want to be unafraid of fellowship with our friends and our neighbors.
It is one thing to eliminate government restrictions. Most of those went away last summer. It is another to be truly free from fear, and to have no more anxiety when we come together.
It will be a great day when we can gather in stadiums, churches, restaurants and bars–shoulder to shoulder–without the quiet fear of COVID. When you can celebrate with strangers after a touchdown, sing loudly at a concert not muffled by a mask, and just live life without fear. True comradery. That day is coming. It's coming sooner than we think. There is one more hurdle to that: the rapid distribution of the Coronavirus vaccine.
I reject the false narrative that is being pushed by some which says this is our new normal. That even after vaccination, we need to continue to hide away and live in perpetual isolation and fear. That's just wrong.
This is it. This is our moment. We can see the light at the end of the tunnel, and Mississippi is sprinting towards it. Last weekend, we celebrated 100,000 vaccines delivered. That took us about six weeks. We've done another 100,000 vaccinations since then, and as we speak we are likely delivering our 200,000th vaccine! That's because we refused to accept a slow pace–we went from the worst state in the country at the beginning of the process to operating at peak capacity.
I promise that we will smash every roadblock. We will get this done as safely and quickly as we possibly can, and allow people to protect themselves from the virus. It is my most immediate priority, and I assure you it has my full attention.
Closing:
I also have a personal goal. It's one that I know I will fall short of, but I'm still aiming at it daily. It is to cultivate more empathy. It's been in short supply in this world for some time now. That's been on display across our nation too. And too often that leads us to see one another as enemies. It leads to corrosion in trust. We as a people cannot allow cruelty to win. We must rise above. We must love our neighbors as ourselves.
We'll always have spirited debate and disagreement. You can fight for what you believe in, while honoring the man or woman on the other side. Above all we have to understand that every Mississippian–every American–is on the same team. We all want to be treated with grace. And we're all made in the image of a perfect God. So, my goal is to act like it.
For me, that means looking out for those who need extra help. It means being honest with people–admitting what I don't know and working to be better. It means diligently working to make Mississippi an even more welcoming, prosperous state.
I'm incredibly lucky that I'm not in it alone. None of us are. We're surrounded by a legion of fellow Mississippians. People who care about you. People who want you to succeed, because they know we will all rise together. If we can just harness that, we can accomplish anything.
I know that our state has what it takes to be exceptional. And I know that with God's continued providence and our unconquerable spirit, together, we can get there.
May God bless you, and may God bless Mississippi."
JSU announces 2021 fall football schedule
Mississippi Weather Outlook for Wednesday, January 27th

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Cowon Q5W is a portable media player with a stunning 5in touchscreen display and built-in Wi-Fi capabilities.
We tested a Cowon Q5W model with an internal 40GB hard drive. A 60GB version is also available, but even that could offer too little storage if you want to carry a lot of video.
As an added, pay-for extra you can get an optional GPS-navigation-enabled docking station. The Cowon Q5W slots into the dock, which then plugs into your car cigarette lighter and uses an FM transmitter to speak driving directions (and, if desired, play music) through the car radio.
The screen nearly fills the whole front of the Cowon Q5W, which at 138x20x88mm is petite. It feels surprisingly heavy, but it's easy enough to tote in a coat pocket or a handbag. The only physical controls are the on/off switch and volume buttons.
Using the Cowon Q5W's touchscreen interface, however, you can make light work of everyday tasks, such as listening to music, tuning the built-in FM radio, and watching video. Mostly you use your thumbs to browse the menus, occasionally tapping selections with a finger. You can also use the small included stylus (stored in the edge of the player) for greater accuracy or for more complex tasks, such as selecting from a long list of MP3s.
For more detailed operations, you exit Cowon's user-interface shell and use the player's outdated Windows CE 5.0 operating system (Windows CE 6.0 has been out for more than a year). Unfortunately, this includes tasks you'll want to do often, such as surfing the web in Internet Explorer, setting up Wi-Fi, copying files over the network, and copying files to/from USB devices. Here you definitely need the stylus for selecting items in tiny dialog boxes and typing on the Cowon Q5W's virtual keyboard.
Video looked impressively sharp and colourful on the Cowon Q5W's 800x400-pixel display, especially when we played widescreen-format DivX-encoded movies. Motion was very smooth and the picture was visible from a wide angle.
The Cowon Q5W scored poorly in our lab audio tests and the included earbuds are basic at best - though with some adjustment of the onscreen graphic equaliser, we were able to get acceptable sound through our own headphones.
You can record voice notes with the built-in microphone, but the player lacks the ability to capture video as a DVR can (and as the rival Archos 605 WiFi can); the Q5W also cannot record from the FM tuner (a common function in audio players with built-in FM tuners, including Cowon's own iAudio).
We hooked up the Cowon Q5W to the component inputs on a HDTV using the included cable (which also provides a lower-quality composite connection for older TVs). Picture quality was similar to that of a standard DVD and the digital audio sounded great through our receiver.


Who doesn't love to live in a stunningly decorated home? But home decoration needs time and money. Or, so you may think. Our today's article will come to you as a huge surprise. We will show you how to make the best use of the ingredients already available in your home. You will be able to perform magic with simple solutions like these.
Make the best use of the available natural light. It makes your home look more cheerful and expansive. It is also more hygienic to live in a space that receives ample natural light. Don't block the windows with furniture or other articles of décor. Let the light flow inside the four walls of your home.
You can use mirrors to make a small room look more spacious. Due to its reflective surface, mirror helps in circulating light as well. You may decorate the walls with mirrors. Investing in furniture with mirrored surface is another viable option for you.
Make a small room look more spacious with these tricks.
Biomorphic shapes look spectacular in a contemporary setting. Look at the coffee table on the image above and see how it literally transforms the interior of the room. Due to their harmony with natural elements, biomorphic designs add a graceful touch in the living space.
Yes, cushion covers too have a big say in the ambience of the room. Simply change your old cushion covers with the ones having slightly different colours and motifs. See how refreshing the interior looks with this simple change. You may even recycle some of your old articles furnishings and clothing to design patchwork cushion covers with a beautiful look.
Long curtains make a small room look larger. Use this trick to design an expansive looking space, especially if you have low ceiling height. Follow the colour scheme closely while buying curtain textiles. You may have a talk with an expert interior stylist to choose the right colours for your rooms.
Shelving systems can be used to beautify the interiors as well. Choose floating shelving systems in contrasting colours or buy one with a slightly different design. Besides acting like a wall art, they will resolve some of your storage related woes.
It is impossible to design an elegant home without this particular feature. Buy indoor plants like rubber fig, palms, peace lily and philodendron. You may even bring home ferns and orchids that thrive well in a dark and moist place. Having a small rock garden would be another option for you to try.
Vary the textures in the interiors to create a magnificently designed living space. You may easily do so by opting for glossy and matte colours or with the upholstery fabric like cotton, silk, velvet or linen. Using different materials like ceramic tiles, brick, natural stone and wood will also help you vary the textures.
Breathe life in the ambience by decorating your rooms with artworks. You may use some the photographs taken by you to decorate the walls of your living room, bedroom and hallways. If you are an expert needlework then you may design a tapestry wall hanging. Buying fine art paintings for your home would be another option for you to explore.
Built in storage systems make the living area look cleaner and more fashionable. They also help you maximise the storage space in your kitchen, dining area, dressing room and other parts of the building.
Dark shades should not be completely ruled out while decorating a space. They can add a sense of drama in the interiors. Use dark colours skilfully to highlight the feature wall or a particular corner of your home. Install sufficient lighting fixtures to keep the space illuminated.
Transparent furniture not only looks stylish in a contemporary setting, but makes your rooms look more spacious. They don't block the flow of light. Transparent acrylic furniture is lightweight and ideal for small homes.
Check out these creative kitchen inspirations for your home.
Which of these home design tips did you find most interesting?


Fixed downlight in die cast aluminium complete with spring clips for recessed mounting. The reflector is dark light optics in high gloss, anti-glare aluminium to optimise light efficiency. With IP65 powersupply.
Version with matt wide beam on request.


Equality of opportunity is not enough. The fact that no-one is allowed to have a head start does not make the race fair for some contestants who only have one leg.
The worst kind of inequality comes from trying to make unequal things equal.
I suppose true sexual equality will come when a General called Anthea is found having an unwise lunch with a young unreliable male model from Spain.


**Hey guys, I am finally going to start back with the blog, sorry it has been so long, but I am back, and have so many new topics. I'll be in touch!
Did You Gain Holiday Weight?
Can Physical Fitness Help Recovering Addicts?
Should You Drink Coffee Before You Workout?
How Do I Benefit From An Active Lifestyle?
Do I Really Need A Trainer?
Dirty Gym Equipment, Is It Really A Big Deal?
Should You Hire A Trainer?
Will You Hit Your New Year's Resolution?
Why Is Leg Fat So Hard To Lose? August 20th, 2017, Answering your questions.
Why am I not losing weight after getting rid of bread and junk food?
The question is why am I not losing weight after I stopped eating bread and junks. We have talked about this before on our blog but losing weight for the most part has to do with calories in versus calories out. You need to burn more calories than you're taking in. Just because you have gotten rid of junk and some other bad foods from your diet doesn't necessarily mean you will lose the weight.
For instance you could have supplemented with other high caloric foods thus negating the fact that you eliminated the bread and junk. If your energy expenditure is not high even if you remove the junk you could still be in a negative caloric balance.
My best advice is to keep a food journal whereas you're documenting your calories as well as your carbohydrate intake. After you have begun to document your calories get an idea each morning at what your weight looks like. If you gain or lose you will be able to pinpoint the right caloric intake to offset weight loss or gain.
So in summation, although you have eliminated some of the junk from your diet, you may still be in a negative caloric balance thus taking in more calories than you need. In order to rectify this make sure to document how many calories you take in and don't forget to document the calories you take in from beverages as well.
How many times a week should I workout? Should it be strength training or aerobic?
The question is how many times a week you should workout to lose weight. Also whether strength training or cardio is better.
It's hard to assess how many days a week one should work out more so it is important to look at each day as its own separate entity. Each day you want to be burning more calories than you take in. If you have a day where you're very busy and not taking in a lot of calories, you don't necessarily need to work out as you'll be in a positive caloric balance. So as far as how many days per week you should exercise don't think of it as separate bouts of exercise rather each day as its own separate entity in your quest to lose weight.
Now both strength training and aerobic training have their place. Aerobic training is not only good for the cardiovascular system but helps you burn calories thus putting you in that good caloric balance. Weight training will help you gain lean muscle mass which will in turn help you burn more calories at rest. It will also help to increase your metabolism.
So in summation rather than thinking of how many days a week you should be working out try to look at each day as its own separate entity and to stay in a positive caloric balance whereas you're burning more calories than you're taking in. Both strength training and aerobic training have a place in losing weight and getting in shape. Be sure to include both.
How do I get in shape at home or on vacation?
The question is how do I get in shape without going to the gym? There are numerous ways that you can get into great shape without having to go out to the gym.
As always your best bet is to sit down with a pen and paper first to detail out a plan. How often weekly can you workout? What does your diet look like? Let's just look at the fitness perspective. If you were looking to get in great shape but cannot get to the gym what can you do at home?
First you have bodyweight calisthenics jumping jacks, mountain climbers, push-ups, lunges, squats Etc are all great exercises that could be done at home. Walking up and down your stairs, walking around the block, are also great forms of cardio.
You could invest in a resistance band which could help give you resistance to overload your muscles for muscular strength and hypertrophy. You can work on front raises, lateral raises, bicep curls, triceps as well as chest flies to build and strengthen the muscles. You could invest in dumbbells or barbells to do the same.
Question: Eric how can I get buff?
As somebody who has spent the better half of 20 years trying to gain lean muscle and approve my physique, there are many considerations when trying to get buff. First off , your best bet is a sit-down with a pen and paper and detail a plan.
You need to assess your diet, your fitness plan as well as your rest. Remember the exercise just is the stimulus to gain muscle the rest and the diet is where the muscles actually built.
As far as nutrition goes to gain muscle you need to have an adequate amount of complete protein. Shoot for about a gram of protein per pound body weight using good sources such as Meat eggs fish Etc. when in the gym you need to overload the muscles, increase your intensity and really trick the body in order to grow muscle. Train heavy to stimulate and overload the muscle to grow.
Finally growth really takes place out of the gym when your giving the body adequate rest make sure you get at least 8 hours of sleep per night and that should help.
The question is whether or not cutting carbs will help you lose weight. The answer to this question is absolutely yes.
When you take in carbohydrate you are adding to your body's storage form of carbohydrate known as glycogen. Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver and thus aids in gained body weight. Additionally when you take in carbohydrate you are hydrating your muscles thus flushing water into the muscles along with the storage form of carbohydrate glycogen. Therefore by depleting your carbohydrate intake you are eliminating water and glycogen from muscle storage which in the end will yield weight loss.
The summer shred program is back again and will be be starting on Monday. Hopefully you've had enough of the hot dogs and burgers and are ready to get in gear. The program will consist of resistance training as well as aerobic training. There will be a compilation of trainers and programs to meet all needs across the board. Get ready!
Goals: strength and endurance, bulk on shoulders, upper back, thighs, calves. Abdomen, shoulder mobility.


text:
July 2013, VOLUME 132 / ISSUE 1
From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Evidence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in Children: A Systematic Review
Michael J. Smith
In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics published clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) in children. The technical report accompanying those guidelines included 21 studies that assessed the diagnosis and management of ABS in children. This update to that report incorporates studies of pediatric ABS that have been performed since 2001. Overall, 17 randomized controlled trials of the treatment of sinusitis in children were identified and analyzed. Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antimicrobial therapy have been published. The results of these studies varied, likely due to differences in inclusion and exclusion criteria. Because of this heterogeneity, formal meta-analyses were not performed. However, qualitative analysis of these studies suggests that children with greater severity of illness at presentation are more likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy. An additional 5 trials compared different antimicrobial therapies but did not include placebo groups. Six trials assessed a variety of ancillary treatments for ABS in children, and 3 focused on subacute sinusitis. Although the number of pediatric trials has increased since 2001, there are still limited data to guide the diagnosis and management of ABS in children. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines focusing on severity of illness at the time of presentation have the potential to identify those children most likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy and at the same time minimize unnecessary use of antibiotics.
acute bacterial sinusitis
ancillary treatment
AAP —
CT —
Acute bacterial sinusitis is reported as a complication of 5% to 10% of upper respiratory tract infections in children1,2 and is 1 of the more common indications for antibiotic use in the United States. In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published clinical practice guidelines for the management of sinusitis in children.3 The 2001 technical report that accompanied those guidelines included an analysis of 21 studies published from January 1966 through March 1999 which assessed the diagnosis and therapeutic management of acute sinusitis in children.4 These included 5 randomized controlled trials involving 255 children and 8 case series involving 418 children. The primary goal of the current analysis was to update the 2001 technical report by identifying and reviewing additional studies of pediatric acute sinusitis that have been performed in the last decade to aid the revision of the AAP practice guidelines.
This technical report revisits the same questions as the original report: (1) What is the efficacy of various types of antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis? (2) What is the efficacy of nonantimicrobial ancillary treatments in children with acute sinusitis? (3) What is the concordance of various clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis? In addition, the Subcommittee on Management of Sinusitis met before the initial literature search for the current report and raised additional questions:
What is the incidence of adverse events in the treatment of sinusitis?
Are there data to support the clinical definitions of acute, subacute, and recurrent acute sinusitis?
Are there data to recommend a specific duration of symptoms that distinguishes bacterial from viral sinusitis?
How have the epidemiology and bacteriology of acute sinusitis changed in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era?
Is there evidence to support antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with recurrent sinusitis?
What other guidelines for the management of acute sinusitis in children exist?
Searches of PubMed were performed by using the same search term as in the 2001 report ("sinusitis"). All searches were limited to English language and human studies. Three separate searches were performed to maximize retrieval of the most recent and highest-quality evidence for pediatric sinusitis. The first search limited results to all randomized controlled trials from 1966 to 2009, the second to all meta-analyses from 1966 to 2009, and the third to all pediatric studies (age limit <18 years) published since the last technical report (1999–2009). In addition, Web of Science was used to search for additional studies that cited the 2001 technical report and guidelines as well as citations of each double-blind, randomized controlled pediatric trial identified. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was also reviewed. Finally, ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify results of unpublished and ongoing studies. The Jadad scale (Table 1) was used to assess the quality of randomized trials included in this analysis.5 Additional literature updates using the same search strategies were performed in July 2010 and November 2012.
Criteria for Assessing Randomized Trials
Whenever possible, data from randomized controlled trials (preferably placebo controlled) were used to answer the questions raised by the committee. When no such data were available, separate literature searches were performed.
In the initial search, 183 randomized trials were identified, 98 of which were published since 1998. Of these 98, a total of 62 were eliminated on the basis of titles indicating a focus on adults, chronic sinusitis, or postsurgical management. Inclusion criteria and results of the remaining 36 studies were reviewed. Seven studies included adolescents as young as 12 years, but they represented <2% of the study population, and no age-specific results were reported. Twenty-one additional studies included teenagers but did not report how many were included; average ages for these studies were in the third to fourth decade of life. The updated literature search in July 2010 identified 2 additional randomized controlled trials that focused on ancillary treatment of sinusitis in children. A final search performed in November 2012 did not identify any additional controlled trials.
Overall, 17 randomized studies of sinusitis in children were identified and included in the current analysis. The meta-analysis search identified 1 study that focused exclusively on children and 2 others that focused primarily on adults but also assessed and separately reported results of pediatric studies. A review of ClinicalTrials.gov identified 28 sinusitis studies including children aged <18 years, only 3 of which were limited exclusively to children. One of these (Wald et al6) has recently been published and is included in the analysis; the other 2 studies are not yet recruiting patients.
Efficacy of Antimicrobial Therapy
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving 392 children were identified (Table 2).6–9 An additional study10 that was included in the previous technical report was excluded because it included patients with chronic and subacute sinusitis. The results of these 4 studies varied. Two studies favored treatment, and the other 2 found no significant difference in clinical cure between the treatment and control groups.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials of Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Sinusitis in Children
Clinical improvement in children receiving placebo ranged from 14% to 79% across the 4 studies, suggesting significant heterogeneity. The outcomes in the treatment groups were less varied, ranging from 50% to 81%. However, the efficacies of specific treatments are difficult to compare directly because the studies were performed over a 25-year period, during which a universal conjugate pneumococcal vaccination program was introduced and the prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and β-lactamase–producing Moraxella and Haemophilus species increased.
The disparity in outcomes in the placebo groups is likely explained by the different methods used in each study. Notably, the inclusion criteria differed between each of the 4 studies. For instance, the minimal duration of symptoms required for entry into the study by Kristo et al9 was not specified and averaged between 8 and 9 days for the treatment and control groups, respectively. Furthermore, only 32% of subjects had symptoms lasting at least 10 days. Therefore, the results of this study are not generalizable to the AAP definition of sinusitis, which is 10 days of symptoms, and should not be considered in the revised guidelines. Inclusion criteria for persistent symptoms in the other 3 studies were similar. Each specified respiratory symptoms that persisted for at least 10 days but <30 days. Only the 1986 study by Wald et al7 required an abnormal radiograph for study entry. Another study by Wald et al (in 2009)6 was the only trial to include a subgroup of children who met criteria for worsening (on or after day 6 with fever or increase in symptoms) or severe (temperature ≥102°F with purulent discharge for at least 3 consecutive days) symptoms of sinusitis.
Exclusion criteria for each of these 3 studies had some similarities. Allergy to study drug, recent receipt of antibiotics, and concurrent bacterial infection requiring treatment were exclusion criteria in all of the studies. Complications of sinusitis were also listed as exclusion criteria, although the definitions of this factor differed between the studies. For instance, Garbutt et al8 excluded children with "fulminant sinusitis," including children with fever ≥39°C (102.2°F); this condition was a specific inclusion criterion for the severe group in the 2009 study by Wald et al.6 In addition, underlying medical conditions were used to exclude children, but the specific diagnoses differed in the 3 studies. Wald et al7 excluded children with a variety of underlying medical conditions, including history of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Garbutt et al8 only excluded children with cystic fibrosis; children with asthma and allergic rhinitis were included. Wald et al6 only excluded children with immunodeficiency or anatomic abnormality of the upper respiratory tract.
The 3 studies used similar randomization schemes: patients were stratified according to age group and clinical severity before randomization. However, the metrics of clinical severity differed. The 2 studies by Wald et al6,7 used a 10-point questionnaire (Table 3), and the study by Garbutt et al8 used the S5 score (Table 4), previously validated by the same author.11 Although each of these 3 studies stratified patients according to clinical severity before randomization, separate results stratified by severity are not reported. This information may be helpful in the identification of patients (on the basis of clinical grounds) who might benefit from antimicrobial therapy.
Scale Used in Studies by Wald et al6,7
Scale Used by Garbutt et al11
Another key methodologic difference is that the study by Wald et al (1986)7 did not use intention-to-treat analysis. Fifteen (14%) of 108 children were excluded because of lack of compliance or drug toxicity, which may have introduced bias.
Because of these significant differences in study design, formal meta-analyses were not performed. However, qualitative analysis of these results suggests that there may be certain clinical characteristics that identify patients who benefit from antimicrobial therapy.
Randomized Controlled Comparison Trials
In addition to the 4 placebo-controlled studies described previously, there have been other randomized studies of acute sinusitis in children comparing different antimicrobial treatment courses (Table 5).12–16 Three of these were included in the previous report, and 2 additional studies have been published since 1998. None of these studies demonstrated a clear advantage of 1 therapy over another, and rates of cure or improvement were well above 80%. Although these studies offer some insight into the relative efficacies of different treatments, they do not include a placebo group. This factor is important given that many of the children included in these studies may have improved spontaneously without any specific antimicrobial therapy. In addition, none of these studies was designed as noninferiority or equivalence studies and, therefore, may have been underpowered to detect true differences between competing treatments.
Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Different Antimicrobial Treatments for Acute Sinusitis
In addition to these randomized comparator studies, Garbutt et al8 and Wald et al7 used amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid treatments arms in their placebo-controlled studies. No significant differences between these 2 treatments were detected.
Adverse Events Associated With Antimicrobial Therapy
Adverse effects of treatment were described in all 3 studies. In the first study by Wald et al,7 rash developed in 1 child in the amoxicillin group and 1 in the placebo group. Diarrhea, requiring cessation of therapy, developed in 6 children in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group and 1 child in the placebo group. In the study by Garbutt et al,8 one-half of all study participants reported an adverse effect; these events were equally distributed across the study groups. Diarrhea was reported by 20% to 22% of participants (P = .97 between the 3 groups). The only reported adverse effect that reached statistical significance was abdominal pain, which occurred in 29% of children in the amoxicillin group but only 15% and 9% of children in the amoxicillin/clavulanate and placebo groups, respectively (P = .02). In the most recent study by Wald et al,6 44% of children in the experimental group experienced an adverse event compared with 14% in the control group (P = .014). The incidences of specific adverse events were not described, but diarrhea was reportedly the most common. Although efficacy data from the study by Kristo et al9 should not be considered in the guidelines, data can be used to compare adverse events associated with antimicrobial therapy compared with placebo. In this study, 3 children developed self-limited diarrhea (1 in the cefuroxime group and 2 in the placebo group).
Adverse events were reported in 4 of these studies.12,14–16 The incidence of adverse events did not differ between study groups for 3 of these studies. Poachanukoon and Kitcharoensakkul12 reported a higher rate of diarrhea (18.1%) in children receiving amoxicillin/clavulanate compared with those receiving cefditoren (4.5% [P = .02]). However, diarrhea was self-limited and did not require termination of medication or study withdrawal.
Ancillary Treatments
Six randomized-controlled trials have assessed a variety of ancillary treatments for acute sinusitis (Table 6)17–20 and are summarized here.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Ancillary Therapies for Acute Sinusitis
The 2001 technical report described 1 study that assessed the efficacy of intranasal steroids in children.17 In that study, 89 children received amoxicillin/clavulanate (40 mg/kg per day) and were randomized to receive either budesonide nasal spray (n = 43) or placebo (n = 46) for 3 weeks. Although no difference in symptom improvement was noted between the groups at the end of therapy (3 weeks), children in the budesonide group had improved cough and nasal discharge at 2 weeks, whereas children in the placebo group did not, suggesting that corticosteroids may lead to more rapid resolution of symptoms. Since then, there has been 1 other randomized controlled trial in children studying the efficacy of intranasal budesonide.18 In this study, 52 children (mean age: 8 years; age range: 6–16 years) with acute maxillary sinusitis received cefaclor (40 mg/kg) for 10 days with either pseudoephedrine (2 × 30 mg daily) or intranasal budesonide (2 × 100 µg daily) for 10 days. There was no placebo group. Children with underlying allergy were excluded. Children in the budesonide group had statistically significantly better resolution of headache, cough, nasal stuffiness, and nasal drainage. There were no adverse events reported. However, these authors defined acute sinusitis as an infection that could take up to 12 weeks for complete resolution, and the results may therefore not be generalizable to AAP guidelines.
Decongestant-Antihistamine
No randomized controlled studies have been performed since a study cited in the 2001 report.19 All children in that study received 14 days of amoxicillin (37.5–50 mg/kg per day, divided 3 times per day). They were then randomized to receive either placebo or the combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and an oral decongestant-antihistamine. Both groups had marked clinical improvement in symptoms 3 days into treatment. In addition, there were no significant differences in clinical or radiographic findings between the 2 groups at the end of treatment.
One randomized controlled trial compared the use of 14 days of treatment with Ems mineral salts versus xylometazoline (0.05% solution) nasal spray in children with acute sinusitis.20 There was no placebo group, and antibiotic use was not permitted. The primary outcome was mucosal inflammation (rubescence, swelling, and discharge) at baseline, day 7, and day 14. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at day 14. However, at day 7, the mineral salt group had less nasal discharge than the xylometazoline group (P = .0163), suggesting that the spray may lead to more rapid resolution of symptoms. Wang et al21 randomized 69 children to receive standard therapy (systemic antibiotics, mucolytic agents, and nasal decongestants) or standard therapy plus nasal irrigation (15–20 mL of normal saline administered via syringe to each nostril 1–3 times per day). Outcomes included a daily nasal symptom score (summarized weekly), pediatric rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (at baseline and 3 weeks), weekly nasal peak expiratory flow rate, weekly nasal smear, and Water's projection (baseline and 3 weeks). The irrigation group had significantly better symptom scores for daytime (but not nighttime) rhinorrhea at weeks 1, 2, and 3 and nighttime (but not daytime) nasal congestion at weeks 1, 2, and 3. Children in the irrigation group also had better nasal peak expiratory flow rates and slightly better quality of life scores at 3 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in nasal smear or Water's projections between the 2 groups after 3 weeks of treatment.
Mucolytic Agents
One randomized controlled trial assessed S5 scores in 49 children receiving the mucolytic erdosteine compared with 43 children who received placebo.22 After 14 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in S5 scores between the 2 groups.
In addition to these studies, which were specifically designed to assess the efficacy of nonantimicrobial therapy, use of ancillary measures was measured and reported for 2 of the randomized trials of antimicrobial use. In the study by Garbutt et al,8 there were no significant differences in the overall use of ancillary therapies between the treatment and placebo groups (52% vs 48% vs 49%; P = .92). Although individual-level data were not presented, this finding makes it unlikely that unbalanced use of adjuvant therapies contributed to the study outcomes. Among individual therapies, only use of combination products was reported more frequently in 1 group (10% of amoxicillin/clavulanate vs 0% and 2% of amoxicillin and placebo, respectively; P = .01). In the study by Poachanukoon and Kitcharoensakkul,12 use of concomitant intranasal corticosteroids (52%) and oral decongestants (22%) was common but did not differ between the study groups.
Although sinus aspiration remains the gold standard for diagnosis of acute sinusitis, it is rarely practiced outside of the research setting. Furthermore, few recent studies have used aspiration as a criterion for study entry or used bacteriologic cure as an outcome. Despite these microbiologic limitations, evidence from the trials summarized previously can answer a slightly different question: which (if any) clinical, laboratory, and/or radiologic findings are able to discriminate between children who are likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy and those who are not?
Clinical Findings
Duration of Symptoms
The most commonly used diagnostic criterion for acute bacterial sinusitis is persistent or prolonged duration of symptoms for 10 to 14 days.23 This criterion is based on the observation that most viral upper respiratory tract infections last 5 to 7 days.3 However, the study by Garbutt et al8 demonstrated that duration of symptoms alone was not sufficient to warrant antimicrobial therapy. A minimum of 10 days of symptoms was required for study entry, and all 3 groups had a mean duration of symptoms greater than 2 weeks (amoxicillin: 15.8 days; amoxicillin/clavulanate: 18.5 days; placebo: 15.4 days).
Purulent rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and headache are other common findings used to diagnose sinusitis.23 The various clinical trials used different combinations of these findings in their inclusion criteria. The 3 placebo-controlled studies limited to children with at least 10 days of symptoms also used clinical severity scores based on these signs and symptoms
Tables 2 and 3 stratify study participants before randomization. Because this stratification occurred before randomization, severity-specific results might help clarify which children are likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy.
The 2001 guidelines recommended that radiologic studies should not be used to diagnose sinusitis in children 6 years or younger and that computed tomography (CT) should be considered only for children requiring surgery.3 Ultrasonography has also been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool for acute sinusitis. The 2001 technical report cited 1 study that demonstrated good concordance between ultrasonographic findings and retrieval of fluid on sinus aspiration.24 On the basis of that study, ultrasonographic findings (either mucosal thickening of ≥5 mm or fluid in at least 1 maxillary sinus) were used as entry criteria in the study by Kristo et al.9 In that study, children also underwent occipitomental radiography, and the film results were defined as positive for sinusitis if there was mucosal thickening of at least 4 mm, an air-fluid level, or total opacification of at least 1 maxillary sinus. Eighty-nine percent of children in the treatment group and 92% of those in the placebo group met this criterion, suggesting good concordance between plain films and ultrasonography. However, these findings were not predictive of which children would benefit from antimicrobial therapy. Radiographic studies were not used in the other 2 recent placebo-controlled studies.6,8
Laboratory Studies
None of the studies required routine laboratory studies for study entry. Microbiologic samples were only obtained in 2 placebo-controlled studies and did not include direct sinus sampling. Wald et al7 used results of throat and nasopharyngeal cultures to exclude patients with group A streptococcal pharyngitis from their study. Kristo et al9 obtained nasopharyngeal cultures on all patients but only reported those with results positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which occurred in 12.5% of study participants.
Subacute Sinusitis
Subacute sinusitis has been defined as infection that lasts between 30 and 90 days.3 Three small randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of different treatment strategies for subacute sinusitis were identified (Table 7).25–27 None of these studies included a placebo group. One compared empirical amoxicillin/clavulanate with culture-based (from nasal mucosa) antimicrobial treatment.25 Culture of nasal specimens was not performed on the children in the empirical antibiotic group. Five (18.5%) of 27 culture results in the experimental group were positive for amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant organisms (1 Pseudomonas species, 2 resistant to S pneumoniae, and 2 anaerobic streptococci), and appropriate therapy was initiated. Nasal obstruction at day 14 was unchanged or worse for 9 children (36%) in the empirical arm but only 4 children (15%) in the culture-based arm (P = .037, per authors). Another study compared azithromycin versus amoxicillin/clavulanate.26 The third compared amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and no antimicrobial therapy.27 In these 2 studies, no advantage was detected in any treatment arm compared with others. However, the studies were small and were likely not powered to detect true differences.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Antimicrobial Therapy for Subacute Sinusitis
Clinical Questions for Which High-Quality Data Are Lacking
Definitions of Acute, Subacute, and Recurrent Acute Sinusitis
The definitions of acute, subacute, and recurrent acute sinusitis are outlined in the 2001 AAP guidelines.3 Although logical and based on the presumed pathogenesis of these distinct clinical entities, there are few clinical or laboratory data to confirm these definitions in children. One study of subacute sinusitis included 52 sinus aspirations of 40 children with subacute (30–120 days of symptoms) sinusitis and found similar pathogens as in acute sinusitis.28 The definition of subacute sinusitis used in this study and in the study be Ng et al26 were derived from an expert consensus panel.29 The study by El-Hennawi et al23 cites the 2001 AAP guidelines, and the study by Dohlman et al25 does not provide a reference for the study definition of subacute sinusitis.
Epidemiology of Sinusitis in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era
A separate literature search was performed to identify studies of sinusitis in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Although there are substantial data regarding the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease and acute otitis media since implementation of pneumococcal immunization, no recent pediatric sinusitis studies that included microbiologic data were identified. Brook et al30 compared culture results from sinuses of adults before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. There was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of S pneumoniae and a significant increase in the prevalence of H influenzae. In addition, there was a 12% decrease in penicillin resistance observed in pneumococcal isolates and a 6% increase in β-lactamase–producing H influenzae, but these findings did not reach statistical significance. The same authors also compared nasopharyngeal (but not sinus) cultures in children before and after licensure of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and found similar results.31
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
One small, nonrandomized study of antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with chronic sinusitis was identified.32 Twenty-six of 86 children with chronic sinusitis received prophylaxis for 1 year. There was a 50% reduction in the number of episodes of sinusitis in 19 (73%) subjects. Nearly 25% of the children in the cohort had an underlying immunologic defect, but this discovery did not predict efficacy of prophylaxis. A randomized controlled study of azithromycin prophylaxis for acute recurrent sinusitis in children was identified on ClinicalTrials.gov and began recruiting patients in August 2009.
As presented previously, data from randomized trials suggest that duration of symptoms alone is not predictive of necessity of antimicrobial therapy. A small case series of complications of rhinosinusitis (almost exclusively orbital cellulitis) in children was recently published.33 The authors noted that only 3 of 20 children admitted to a single institution over a 10-year period had symptoms of sinusitis for >10 days before hospitalization. On the basis of these data, they concluded that prevention of complications should not be a justification for initiating treatment after 10 days of symptoms.
Since publication of the guidelines, there have been additional studies of children undergoing CT of the head that have confirmed the poor specificity of CT for acute sinusitis.34,35 In addition, several small observational studies have assessed the use of MRI to diagnose acute sinusitis.36–38 In the first, MRI was performed on a group of children 4 to 7 years of age presenting to a primary care center with any sign of respiratory infection.36 Forty-one (68%) of 60 children had a major abnormality on imaging. Twenty-six children underwent follow-up 2 weeks later. Of these, 18 (69%) still had abnormal MRI findings, although this finding did not correlate with clinical symptoms. Another study by the same authors compared MRI findings in a convenience sample of children without respiratory complaints. Eight of 19 asymptomatic children had abnormal MRI findings.37 A similar study found abnormal sinuses in 14 (31%) of 45 asymptomatic children.38
Other Pediatric Sinusitis Guidelines
Published guidelines were identified during the primary literature search. In addition, the Guidelines International Network (www.g-i-n.net) database was searched but yielded no results. Recently published pediatric guidelines for acute bacterial sinusitis are presented in Table 8.39–42 These include English-language, pediatric-specific guidelines and other English-language guidelines that included separate recommendations for children. These guidelines were in near-complete concordance with the 2001 AAP guidelines in terms of clinical diagnosis, choice of antimicrobial agents, avoidance of radiographic studies, and avoidance of adjuvant therapies. One exception was that the European position paper recommended topical corticosteroids (in addition to oral antibiotics) as a grade A recommendation.39
Summary of Other Published Guidelines for the Management of Acute Sinusitis in Children
The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria, last updated in 2009, are another set of professional recommendations relevant to the diagnosis of sinusitis in children.43 In summary, no radiologic studies are recommended by the American College of Radiology for acute uncomplicated sinusitis. Coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses is recommended for children with symptoms that persist after 10 days of appropriate therapy. Cranial CT with contrast, including the sinuses and orbits, is recommended for suspected complications of sinusitis.
The 2001 technical report noted a paucity of high-quality evidence for establishing the diagnosis and management of acute sinusitis in children. Nearly a decade later, data are still limited. Overall, 17 randomized controlled trials of pediatric acute sinusitis were identified. Of these, only 10 studies scored 3 points or higher on the Jadad scale, which is considered indicative of good study design.5 These findings are consistent with other recent systematic reviews of pediatric acute sinusitis. A 2002 Cochrane review included data from 6 randomized controlled trials involving 562 children.44 However, 2 studies focused on chronic sinusitis and 1 focused on subacute sinusitis. In addition, a recently published meta-analysis of studies comparing antimicrobial therapy versus placebo in all age groups identified only 3 studies that included children, all of which were included in the current review.45 The publication of another placebo-controlled trial in 2009 is a significant contribution; however, only 310 children with acute sinusitis (392 if the Kristo study is included) have been studied in placebo-controlled fashion, with inconsistent results. Although meta-analysis techniques are designed to increase sample size and power, these were not pursued given the significant heterogeneity between the studies.
There are no reliable diagnostic criteria to distinguish between children with acute viral and bacterial sinusitis. However, the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the 2 randomized studies that demonstrated a benefit of antimicrobial therapy compared with placebo offer insight into criteria that may identify children who are likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy. Qualitatively, greater severity of illness at the time of presentation seems to be associated with increased likelihood of antimicrobial efficacy.
No studies of the microbiology of acute sinusitis in children have been published since the introduction of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. It is reasonable to assume that the same pathogen shifts observed in acute otitis media are found in acute bacterial sinusitis. However, this assumption would not necessarily imply that the treatment outcomes for otitis and sinusitis are the same.
Although the need for and choice of antimicrobial therapy remains controversial, the short-term adverse effect profiles for common antibacterial agents used in the management of sinusitis seem to be fairly benign. Two studies found no significant differences in adverse events between placebo and antimicrobial therapy.8,9 A third reported that, although adverse effects were more common in the treatment group, those events occuring in children who received high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanate were mostly mild and self-limited.6 However, the long-term effects of antimicrobial use on resistance patterns at the population level remain unmeasured and need to be considered in the revised guidelines.
Evidence to support the use of ancillary measures in the management of acute sinusitis in children is limited. Two small, randomized controlled studies demonstrated that children treated with intranasal steroids had better outcomes compared with children treated with systemic decongestants plus antibiotics18 or antibiotics alone.17 One of these studies demonstrated that corticosteroids hastened resolution of symptoms, but cure at the end of the study was equivalent. The other defined acute sinusitis as an infection lasting up to 12 weeks, which may not be applicable to the definition of acute sinusitis used in the AAP guidelines. The efficacy of decongestants and antihistamines for sinusitis has not been proven. Given recent concerns regarding their safety profile in young children, the use of these agents should be avoided.
There are limited data to guide the diagnosis and management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Although there have been 4 placebo-controlled studies of antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis, the results of these studies varied. It is clear that some children with sinusitis benefit from antibiotic use and some do not. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines focusing on severity of illness at the time of presentation have the potential to identify children who will benefit from therapy and at the same time minimize unnecessary use of antibiotics.
This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial involvement in the development of the content of this publication.
The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
All technical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time.
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. Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in acute para-nasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 1986;77(6):795–800
Garbutt JM,
Goldstein M,
Gellman E,
Shannon W,
Littenberg B
. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antimicrobial treatment for children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2001;107(4):619–625
Kristo A,
Uhari M,
Luotonen J,
Ilkko E,
Koivunen P,
Alho OP
. Cefuroxime axetil versus placebo for children with acute respiratory infection and imaging evidence of sinusitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94(9):1208–1213
Jeppesen F,
Illum P
. Pivampicillin (Pondocillin) in treatment of maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1972;74(5):375–382
Gellman EF,
. The development and validation of an instrument to assess acute sinus disease in children. Qual Life Res. 1999;8(3):225–233
Poachanukoon O,
Kitcharoensakkul M
. Efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in Thailand: a randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2008;30(10):1870–1879
Simon MW
. Treatment of acute sinusitis in childhood with ceftibuten. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1999;38(5):269–272
Ficnar B,
Huzjak N,
Oreskovic K,
Matrapazovski M,
Klinar I
. Azithromycin: 3-day versus 5-day course in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. J Chemother. 1997;9(1):38–43
Careddu P,
Bellosta C,
Tonelli P,
Boccazzi A
. Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in pediatric infections. J Chemother. 1993;5(6):543–545
Reilly JS,
Casselbrant M,
. Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in childhood: a comparative study of amoxicillin and cefaclor. J Pediatr. 1984;104(2):297–302
Barlan IB,
Erkan E,
Bakir M,
Berrak S,
Basaran MM
. Intranasal budesonide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997;78(6):598–601
Yilmaz G,
Varan B,
Yilmaz T,
Gurakan B
. Intranasal budesonide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;257(5):256–259
McCormick DP,
John SD,
Swischuk LE,
Uchida T
. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of decongestant-antihistamine for the treatment of sinusitis in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1996;35(9):457–460
Michel O,
Essers S,
Heppt WJ,
Johannssen V,
Reuter W,
Hommel G
. The value of Ems mineral salts in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children: prospective study on the efficacy of mineral salts versus xylometazoline in the topical nasal treatment of children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69(10):1359–1365
Wang YH,
Yang CP,
Ku MS,
Sun HL,
Lue KH
. Efficacy of nasal irrigation in the treatment of acute sinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73:1696–1701
Unuvar E,
Tamay Z,
Yildiz I,
. Effectiveness of erdosteine, a second generation mucolytic agent, in children with acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded clinical study. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(4):585–589
McQuillan L,
Crane LA,
Kempe A
. Diagnosis and management of acute sinusitis by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/123/2/e193
Revonta M,
Suonpaa J
. Diagnosis and follow-up of ultrasonographical sinus changes in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1982;4(4):301–308
El-Hennawi DM,
Abou-Halawa AS,
Zaher SR
. Management of clinically diagnosed subacute rhinosinusitis in children under the age of two years: a randomized, controlled study. J Laryngol Otol. 2006;120(10):845–848
Ng DK,
Chow PY,
Leung LC,
Chau KW,
Chan E,
Ho JC
. A randomized controlled trial of azithromycin and amoxycillin/clavulanate in the management of subacute childhood rhinosinusitis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2000;36(4):378–381
Dohlman AW,
Hemstreet MPB,
Odrezin GT,
Bartolucci AA
. Subacute sinusitis: are antimicrobials necessary? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;91(5):1015–1023
Byers C,
Guerra N,
Beste D
. Subacute sinusitis in children. J Pediatr. 1989;115(1):28–32
The diagnosis and management of sinusitis in children: proceedings of a closed conference. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985;4(suppl 6):S49–S81
Brook I,
Foote PA,
Hausfeld JN
. Frequency of recovery of pathogens causing acute maxillary sinusitis in adults before and after introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine. J Med Microbiol. 2006;55(7):943–946
Gober AE
. Frequency of recovery of pathogens from the nasopharynx of children with acute maxillary sinusitis before and after the introduction of vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;71(4):575–579
Gandhi A,
Brodsky L,
Ballow M
. Benefits of antibiotic-prophylaxis in children with chronic sinusitis: assessment of outcome predictors. Allergy Proc. 1993;14(1):37–43
Uhari M
. Timing of rhinosinusitis complications in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(9):769–771
Cotter CS,
Stringer S,
Rust KR,
Mancuso A
. The role of computed tomography scans in evaluating sinus disease in pediatric patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999;50(1):63–68
Schwartz RH,
Pitkaranta A,
Winther B
. Computed tomography imaging of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses in children with short-duration purulent rhinorrhea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;124(2):160–163
. Paranasal sinus findings in children during respiratory infection evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/111/5/e586
Alho OP,
Tervonen O,
. Cross-sectional survey of paranasal sinus magnetic resonance imaging findings in schoolchildren. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92(1):34–36
Lim WK,
Ram B,
Fasulakis S,
Kane KJ
. Incidental magnetic resonance image sinus abnormalities in asymptomatic Australian children. J Laryngol Otol. 2003;117(12):969–972
Anon JB,
Jacobs MR,
Roche R,
. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: executive summary. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(1):1–45
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Guideline Team, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Evidence-based care guideline for medical management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children 1 through 17 years of age. Available at: www.cincinnatichildrens.org/svc/alpha/h/health-policy/ev-based/sinus.htm. Accessed November 6, 2012
Fokkens W,
Lund V,
Mullol J
. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. Rhinol Suppl. 2007; (20):1–136
Esposito S,
Principi N
. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and subacute rhinosinusitis in children. J Chemother. 2008;20(2):147–157
American College of Radiology. Appropriateness criteria for sinonasal disease. Available at: www.acr.org/∼/media/8172B4DE503149248E64856857674BB5.pdf. Accessed November 6, 2012
Morris P,
Leach A
. Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(4):CD001094
Falagas ME,
Giannopoulou KP,
Vardakas KZ,
Dimopoulos G,
Karageorgopoulos DE
. Comparison of antibiotics with placebo for treatment of acute sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8(9):543–552
You are going to email the following Evidence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in Children: A Systematic Review
Pediatrics Jul 2013, 132 (1) e284-e296; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1072


While raising requisition request in portal by hiring manager, error is coming for hiring manager "Personnel Number does not exist".
we analysed and found out that for this hiring manager IT5102 not maintained.
We run the report RCF_CREATE_USER, but it is coming user already exist.
Then we run the report HRALSYNCX, but still didn't work.
Please suggest me methods to update IT5102.
first of all you should check sap note 997181 and make sure your HR - eRec integration is set up properly for you implementation scenario.


I am trying to make a banner fluttering in the wind, and I am using this tutorial.
the problem is that the cloth of the flag moves away fom the flag pole.
my question is, how do I make it stick to the pole?
or perhaps someone could suggest a different turorial/way of making this.
You need to have the points on the end with a fixed surface and set that in ClothFX. Oh, have the flag parented to the pole. Add gravity (-9.8) to have it relax downwards.
You need to have the points on the end with a fixed surface and set that in Cloths. Oh, have the flag parented to the pole. Add gravity (-9.8) to have it relax down wards.


text:
package org.eclipse.php.internal.core.format;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IFile;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IProject;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.ResourcesPlugin;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IPath;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Path;
import org.eclipse.jface.text.IDocument;
import org.eclipse.php.internal.core.PHPCoreConstants;
import org.eclipse.php.internal.core.PHPCorePlugin;
import org.eclipse.php.internal.core.preferences.*;
import org.eclipse.wst.sse.core.StructuredModelManager;
import org.eclipse.wst.sse.core.internal.provisional.IStructuredModel;

/**
 *
 * @author guy.g
 *
 */
public class FormatPreferencesSupport implements IFormatterCommonPrferences {

	private IDocument fLastDocument = null;
	private IProject fLastProject = null;

	private char indentationChar;
	private int indentationSize;
	private int tabSize;
	private boolean useTab;
	private int fIndentationWrappedLineSize;
	private int fIndentationArrayInitSize;

	private PreferencesSupport preferencesSupport = null;
	private PreferencesPropagatorListener listener = null;

	private boolean preferencesChanged = false;

	private PreferencesPropagator preferencesPropagator;

	private static final String NODES_QUALIFIER = PHPCorePlugin.ID;

	private FormatPreferencesSupport() {

		preferencesPropagator = PreferencePropagatorFactory.getPreferencePropagator(NODES_QUALIFIER);
		preferencesSupport = new PreferencesSupport(PHPCorePlugin.ID);
	}

	private static FormatPreferencesSupport instance = null;

	public static FormatPreferencesSupport getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new FormatPreferencesSupport();
		}
		return instance;
	}

	public int getIndentationWrappedLineSize(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String indentSize = preferencesSupport
					.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_WRAPPED_LINE_SIZE);
			if (indentSize == null || indentSize.length() == 0) {
				return fIndentationWrappedLineSize;
			}
			return Integer.valueOf(indentSize).intValue();
		}
		return fIndentationWrappedLineSize;
	}

	public int getIndentationArrayInitSize(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String indentSize = preferencesSupport
					.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_ARRAY_INIT_SIZE);
			if (indentSize == null || indentSize.length() == 0) {
				return fIndentationArrayInitSize;
			}
			return Integer.valueOf(indentSize).intValue();
		}
		return fIndentationArrayInitSize;
	}

	public int getIndentationSize(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String indentSize = preferencesSupport
					.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_SIZE);
			if (indentSize == null || indentSize.length() == 0) {
				return indentationSize;
			}
			return Integer.valueOf(indentSize).intValue();
		}
		return indentationSize;
	}

	public int getTabSize(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String tabSizeStr = preferencesSupport.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_TAB_SIZE);
			if (tabSizeStr == null || tabSizeStr.length() == 0) {
				return tabSize;
			}
			return Integer.valueOf(tabSizeStr).intValue();
		}
		return tabSize;
	}

	public char getIndentationChar(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String useTab = preferencesSupport.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_USE_TABS);
			if (useTab == null) {
				return '\t';
			}
			return (Boolean.valueOf(useTab).booleanValue()) ? '\t' : ' ';
		}
		return indentationChar;
	}

	public boolean useTab(IDocument document) {
		if (!verifyValidity(document)) {
			String useTab = preferencesSupport.getWorkspacePreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_USE_TABS);
			if (useTab == null) {
				return true;
			}
			return Boolean.valueOf(useTab).booleanValue();
		}
		return useTab;
	}

	private boolean verifyValidity(IDocument document) {
		if (fLastDocument != document) {
			IStructuredModel editorModel = null;
			try {
				editorModel = StructuredModelManager.getModelManager().getExistingModelForRead(document);

				// The PHPMergeViewer can be used outside Editor.
				// E.g. the preview page.
				// In those cases, the editorModel is null.
				// Do the check and return in null case.
				if (editorModel == null) {
					return false;
				}

				String baseLocation = editorModel.getBaseLocation();
				// The baseLocation may be a path on disk or relative to the
				// workspace root. Don't translate on-disk paths to
				// in-workspace resources.
				IPath basePath = new Path(baseLocation);
				IFile file = null;
				if (basePath.segmentCount() > 1) {
					file = ResourcesPlugin.getWorkspace().getRoot().getFile(basePath);
					if (!file.exists()) {
						file = null;
					}
				}
				if (file == null) {
					return false;
				}

				IProject project = file.getProject();
				if (fLastProject != project) {
					fLastProject = project;
					verifyListening();
				}
			} finally {
				if (editorModel != null)
					editorModel.releaseFromRead();
			}
		}

		if (fLastDocument != document || preferencesChanged) {
			String useTab = preferencesSupport.getPreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_USE_TABS, null,
					fLastProject);
			String indentSize = preferencesSupport.getPreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_SIZE,
					null, fLastProject);
			String tabSize = preferencesSupport.getPreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_TAB_SIZE, null,
					fLastProject);
			String indentationWrappedLineSize = preferencesSupport
					.getPreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_WRAPPED_LINE_SIZE, null, fLastProject);

			if (indentationWrappedLineSize == null || StringUtils.isBlank(indentationWrappedLineSize)) {
				indentationWrappedLineSize = PHPCoreConstants.DEFAULT_INDENTATION_WRAPPED_LINE_SIZE;
			}

			String indentationArrayInitSize = preferencesSupport
					.getPreferencesValue(PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_ARRAY_INIT_SIZE, null, fLastProject);
			if (indentationArrayInitSize == null || StringUtils.isBlank(indentationArrayInitSize)) {
				indentationArrayInitSize = PHPCoreConstants.DEFAULT_INDENTATION_ARRAY_INIT_SIZE;
			}

			indentationChar = (Boolean.valueOf(useTab).booleanValue()) ? '\t' : ' ';
			this.useTab = Boolean.valueOf(useTab).booleanValue();
			indentationSize = Integer.valueOf(indentSize).intValue();
			this.tabSize = Integer.valueOf(tabSize).intValue();
			fIndentationWrappedLineSize = Integer.valueOf(indentationWrappedLineSize).intValue();
			fIndentationArrayInitSize = Integer.valueOf(indentationArrayInitSize).intValue();

			preferencesChanged = false;
			fLastDocument = document;
		}
		return true;
	}

	private void verifyListening() {
		if (listener != null) {
			preferencesPropagator.removePropagatorListener(listener,
					PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_WRAPPED_LINE_SIZE);
			preferencesPropagator.removePropagatorListener(listener,
					PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_ARRAY_INIT_SIZE);
			preferencesPropagator.removePropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_USE_TABS);
			preferencesPropagator.removePropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_SIZE);
		}

		listener = new PreferencesPropagatorListener(fLastProject);
		preferencesPropagator.addPropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_WRAPPED_LINE_SIZE);
		preferencesPropagator.addPropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_ARRAY_INIT_SIZE);
		preferencesPropagator.addPropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_USE_TABS);
		preferencesPropagator.addPropagatorListener(listener, PHPCoreConstants.FORMATTER_INDENTATION_SIZE);
	}

	private class PreferencesPropagatorListener implements IPreferencesPropagatorListener {

		private IProject project;

		public PreferencesPropagatorListener(IProject project) {
			this.project = project;
		}

		public void preferencesEventOccured(PreferencesPropagatorEvent event) {
			preferencesChanged = true;
		}

		public IProject getProject() {
			return project;
		}

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


KO and K1 Artists are currently all working on a collaborative Installation for the front office.
The entire month of June finds students working on the unit called Things that Grow. This includes things in nature like birds and insects as well as lots of other things that grow and change.
Artists have created papers through painting much like Eric Carle uses in his books. Then they have cut and torn them, reshaping into new and interesting animals, insects, fish and flowers. These are being applied to a large, painted landscape canvass for display.
Each artist has also created a 3-D piece of artwork, either an insect or a bird that will also be hung in the office as part of a mobile, adding another dimension to the artwork and creating wonderful habitat full of growing things.
Here is just a hint of what is to come…. can you see the birds, insects, fish and flowers?
Our latest works of art include a KO-K1 art collaboration. All four classes are working towards a 3D canvas banner for hanging in the office at Ellison Parks reflecting the learnings of the Unit called Things that grow. That pretty much leaves us open to everything in nature, very exciting and awesome for creative minds.
For the first two weeks of this project the artists worked on creating colorful papers that they will use pretty soon in Eric Carle fashion to tear up and recreate as new art.
They experimented with watercolors, this week only having yellow, blue and red (these artists will tell you these are the primary colors). From these three colors they made so many new colors, playing with mixing, talking to each other, sharing ideas and techniques. It was dry fun to see.
They also worked with tempera paint and different ways to apply paints, using sponges and other tools to scrape out designs.
We are really looking forward next week to tearing those up and creating lots of things that grow.
Projects that cross over both K-0 and K-1 classes are sometimes fun to do. Here is one of our latest projects.
Today's project is all about color and having fun with color. Artists will create a side by side color collage reinforcing their understandings of cool and hot colors and how a variety of materials can be used to create a colorful work of art.
Artists will start with a sheet of paper divided into two halves. Each artists will choose a wooden shape (circle, square, triangle, rectangle or star) that they want to trace on each side of the paper. Using markers, crayons, colored pencils the artists will color one shape in with hot colors and the other shape on the other side in with cool colors.
Once the shape is colored in the artists will then collage around the shape the opposite family of colors. So the hot colored square will have cool colors collaged all around it to show the contrast and the cool colored square will have all hot colors collaged around it to show the contrast.
Materials used to collage will be paper, foam, tissue, and anything else that can be glued down with a glue stick.
The end result will be a multi-layered, mixed medium piece of artwork with lots of amazing colors and textures.
Where are your hot colors?
Where are your cool colors?
What shape did you trace to make a reflection?
What does it mean to use mixed mediums?
Hot colors: reds, oranges and yellows - the colors have lots of energy and give a picture a sense of excitement.
Cool colors: blues, greens, purples - these colors are used to show calm and quiet in an artwork.
Mixed medium - when an artist uses a variety of art making materials in one artwork.
collage - to create an artwork by gluing things onto paper, overlapping and mixing materials.


text:
West Broadway Area Business Committee Meeting
by West Broadway Business and Area Coalition
8:30 AM – 10:00 AM CST
North Community YMCA
1711 West Broadway Ave
Are you a for-profit or nonprofit business in the West Broadway area?
Are you interested in being part of a business community larger than yourself?
If you answered yes, then you should and can be a part of the West Broadway Area Business Committee!
The West Broadway Area Business Committee is organized as a collaboration between the Hawthorne Neighborhood Council and the West Broadway Coalition. The committee has traditionally held monthly meetings or networking events. Justin Baylor (Managing Partner at McDonalds and JADT Group) was recently elected as the new chair of the committee by the WBC Board of Directors, and he and Jim Wentzell, Committee representative from Hawthorne, would like to invite area businesses to a conversation about the future of the Business Committee. During the November meeting, we'll facilitate a discussion on goals, needs, strategies, and set the tone for the committee's role and work during the upcoming year. Your voice matters, and we can accomplish more together. Be a part of the planning by attending this month's meeting!
Thursday, November 21st 8:30am
YMCA, 1711 West Broadway Ave
Please RSVP here so we can choose the proper location!
West Broadway Area Business Committee Meeting at North Community YMCA
1711 West Broadway Ave , Minneapolis, MN 55411
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text: Simple component of bitrix