Finn Harps will look to pick up their first win of the season tonight when they welcome Cork City to Finn Park (kick-off 7.45pm).
Ollie Horgan's side currently occupy ninth position in the table and win would see them leapfrog their opponents who they currently trail by two points.
Their two points on the board so far this season have come against Dundalk and St. Pats but their most recent game on Monday saw them defeated 3-0 away to Shamrock Rovers.
Ollie Horgan is urging the Harps fans to come out and support the team as they look to bounce back after two defeats in their last two fixtures.
"Look we're a part-time Club and we'll be up against it again Friday night against Cork," said Horgan in the build up to the game.
"They were double champions two years ago. We need the supporters to come out in big numbers and back us with lots of positive encouragement. The players want the fans to stick with them and roar them on, which will hopefully give us that little bit of extra advantage at home.
Cork City have had a stuttering start to the 2019 season and will be hoping to start climbing the table with three points as they travel to Donegal this evening.
John Caulfield's side are languishing in eight place in the table with just four points from four league games and everyone around Turner's Cross will be hoping the wins start to come sooner rather than later.
Their first and only win so far this season came on the road two weeks ago against Sligo Rovers at the Showgrounds and they now make the long journey to Donegal as they look to keep their away form on track.
"For the last few years, when we've gone up there, it was 1-0, we had penalties with Seani Maguire and Garry Buckley scoring late on." spoke assistant manager John Cotter during the week.
These sides sit in 8th and 9th position in the league table ahead of tonight's fixture with Cork City two points ahead of Harps.
Finn Harps had a very good home record in the First Division last season winning nine of their fourteen league games at home.
Cork City won ten of their eighteen games on the road last season, losing five and sharing the spoils in three.


text:
Први сазив Народне скупштине Републике Српске конституисан је 24. октобра 1991. године. Конституисању Скупштине српског народа у Босни и Херцеговини, како се првобитно звала, присуствовало је 77 посланика српске националности, који су на изборима 1990. године изабрани у Скупштину СР Босне и Херцеговине. Од тога 72 из Српске демократске странке, један из Српског покрета обнове и четири из Савеза реформских снага Југославије. Убрзо су се новооснованој Скупштини српског народа у Босни и Херцеговини придружили и други посланици из реда српског народа, те је она бројала 83 посланика. Овај сазив Народне Скупштине радио је до 14. септембра 1996. године.

Политичке партије
Први сазив Народне скупштине Републике Српске чинила су 83 од укупно 85 српских посланика који су изабрани у Скупштину СР БиХ на изборима 1990. године, као кандидати сљедећих партија:

{| class="wikitable" width=55% font=80%
! Политичка партија
! Мандата
|-
| Српска демократска странка || align="center" | 72
|-
| СК БиХ — СДП || align="center" | 5
|-
| Савез реформских снага Југославије || align="center" | 4
|-
| Српски покрет обнове || align="center" | 1
|-
| Демократски социјалистички савез || align="center" | 1
|-
| Укупно: || align="center" | 83
|}

Народни посланици
Посланици у првом сазиву Народне скупштине Републике Српске били су:

{| class="wikitable" width=60% font=80%
! Презиме и име
! Политичка партија
|-
|Бјелошевић Мирко || СДС
|-
|Богић Гавро || СДС
|-
|Буха Алекса || СДС
|-
|Бијелић Слободан || СДС
|-
|Босиљчић Љубо || СДС
|-
|Брђанин Радослав || СДС
|-
|Буцало Војин || СДС
|-
|Благојевић Станко || СК-СДП
|-
|Борковић Ратко || СК-СДП
|-
|Васиљевић Младенко || СДС
|-
|Вјештица Мирослав || СДС
|-
|Веселиновић Ненад || СДС
|-
|Видић Добривоје || СДС
|-
|Војиновић Миленко|| СДС
|-
|Гаковић Момир || СДС
|-
|Граховац Анђелко || СДС
|-
|Гаврић Неђо || СДС
|-
|Гламочић Славко || СДС
|-
|Голијанин Момчило || СПО
|-
|Гостић Урош || СК-СДП
|-
|Грбић Бранко || СДС
|-
|Додик Милорад || СРСЈ
|-
|Ђурић Драган || СДС
|-
|Ђекановић Недељко || СДС
|-
|Ерцег Никола ||СДС
|-
|Зорић Милан ||СДС
|-
|Зекић Горан || СДС
|-
|Зељковић Душко || СДС
|-
|Јолдић Миодраг || СДС
|-
|Купрешанин Војо || СДС
|-
|Касагић Рајко || СДС
|-
|Кузмановић Милорад || СДС
|-
|Кнежевић Саво || СДС
|-
|Кисин Никола || СДС
|-
|Калабић Рајко || СДС
|-
|Келечевић Златко || СДС
|-
|Керовић Драгомир || СДС
|-
|Контић Маринко || СДС
|-
|Ковачевић Владо || СДС
|-
|Козић Душан || СДС
|-
|Калинић Драган || СРСЈ
|-
|Крајишник Момчило || СДС
|-
|Лаловић Грујо || СДС
|-
|Леро Милош || СДС
|-
|Миловановић Пантелија|| СДС
|-
|Милановић Милован || СДС
|-
|Максимовић Војислав || СДС
|-
|Миљановић Митар || СДС
|-
|Мијатовић Јово || СДС
|-
|Мијатовић Мирко|| СДС
|-
|Малиџа Милан || СДС
|-
|Медић Стеван || СДС
|-
|Мићић Момчило || СРСЈ
|-
|Милановић Драган || СДС
|-
|Милинковић Добрислав || СДС
|-
|Мићић Драгољуб || СДС
|-
|Мишић Бошко || СДС
|-
|Најдановић Милутин || СДС
|-
|Новаковић Милан || СДС
|-
|Недић Миладин || СДС
|-
|Неђић Илија || СДС
|-
|Нинковић Милан || СДС
|-
|Ољача Остоја || СДС
|-
|Пантић Миленко || СК-СДП
|-
|Пејовић Душко || СДС
|-
|Перић Никола|| СРСЈ
|-
|Поповић Горан|| ДСС
|-
|Радић Трифко || СДС
|-
|Рашула Недељко || СДС
|-
|Срдић Срђа|| СДС
|-
|Субашић Петар|| СДС
|-
|Ступар Вељко || СДС
|-
|Симић Бранко || СДС
|-
|Симић Марко || СДС
|-
|Спремо Радован || СДС
|-
|Спасојевић Милан || СК-СДП
|-
|Тимарац Светозар || СДС
|-
|Трбојевић Милан || СДС
|-
|Тешић Милан || СДС
|-
|Тошић Момир || СДС
|-
|Чанчар Петко || СДС
|-
|Ћорда Саво || СДС
|-
|Урошевић Душан || СДС
|}

Измјене у саставу

Посланици који су касније ушли у Први сазив Народне скупштине, након смрти или оставке неког од посланика из овог сазива:

{| class="wikitable" width=60% font=80%
! Презиме и име
! Политичка партија
|-
|Јовановић Мирко || -
|-
|Маричић Бошко || -
|-
|Савкић Томислав || -
|-
|Југовић Ристо || -
|-
|Станић Миленко || -
|-
|Јаћимовић Игњо|| -
|-
|Батинић Томислав || -
|-
|Комљеновић Момчило || -
|-
|Тинтор Јован || -
|}

Види још
 Народна скупштина Републике Српске

Референце

Литература

Спољашње везе
 Званични сајт Народне скупштине Републике Српске

Народна скупштина Републике Српске

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Macaire le Copte is a novel by François Weyergans. It was first published in Paris in 1981 by Gallimard. This book won the Prix Victor-Rossel in 1981 and the Prix des Deux Magots in 1982. The story is set in fourth century Egypt.

Editions
 Macaire le Copte, éditions Gallimard, 1981 .

References
French XX Bibliography, issue 38, volume 8, p 8726
Pascal Ruffenach, "Des bords du désert jusqu'à son centre" (1981) Quinzaine littéraire, issue 358, p 9 Google Books
Bulletin critique du livre français, 1982 issues 433-438, page 117426 Google Books
Francois Nourissier, "Weyergans, une nouvelle métamorphose" (1981) Le Figaro Magazine, issue 139, p 52 Google Books
(1982) 56 World Literature Today 646 Google Books

1981 Belgian novels
French-language novels


In many depictions, South America's relations with the United States have been structured around Hugo Chávez for much of the last decade. So it is natural for the region to wonder where U.S. policy will head now that he is gone. In the Bush Administration's framework – which the Obama Administration has largely continued – Chávez and his closest allies in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina were an emerging anti-American axis. Colombia and Chile were considered Washington's last bastions of support, and Brazil under Presidents Lula and Dilma variously positioned itself as a quiet moderator or, on occasion, private fan of the estrangement between the unruly ALBA countries and the United States. With Chávez's passing, the narrative will change.


text:
Un router, enrutador  (del inglés router) o encaminador es un dispositivo que permite interconectar redes con distinto prefijo en su dirección IP. Su función es la de establecer la mejor ruta que destinará a cada paquete de datos para llegar a la red y al dispositivo de destino. Es bastante utilizado para conectarse a Internet ya que conecta la red de nuestro hogar, oficina o cualquier red a la red de nuestro proveedor de este servicio. La mayoría de los routers que se utilizan para el hogar y oficinas tienen incorporadas otras funciones adicionales al enrutador, como por ejemplo: punto de acceso inalámbrico, que permite crear y conectarse a una red Wifi; módem, que convierte las señales analógicas a  digitales y viceversa; Conmutador, que conecta varios dispositivos a través de cable, creando una red local.

Historia
El primer dispositivo o hardware que tenía fundamentalmente la misma funcionalidad que lo que el día de hoy entendemos por encaminador, era el Interface Message Processor o IMP. Los IMP eran los dispositivos que formaban la ARPANET, la primera red de conmutación de paquetes. La idea de un encaminador (llamado por aquel entonces puerta de enlace ) vino inicialmente de un grupo internacional de investigadores en redes de computadoras llamado el International Network Working Group (INWG). Creado en 1972 como un grupo informal para considerar las cuestiones técnicas que abarcaban la interconexión de redes diferentes, se convirtió ese mismo año en un subcomité del International Federation for Information Processing.

Esos dispositivos se diferenciaban de los conmutadores de paquetes que existían previamente en dos características. Por una parte, conectaban tipos de redes diferentes, mientras que por otra parte, eran dispositivos sin conexión, que no aseguraban fiabilidad en la entrega de datos, dejando este rol enteramente a los anfitriones. Esta última idea había sido ya planteada en la red CYCLADES.

La idea fue investigada con más detalle, con la intención de crear un sistema prototipo como parte de dos programas. Uno era el promovido por DARPA, programa que creó la arquitectura TCP/IP que se usa actualmente, y el otro era un programa en Xerox PARC para explorar nuevas tecnologías de redes, que produjo el sistema llamado PARC Universal Packet. Debido a la propiedad intelectual que concernía al proyecto, recibió poca atención fuera de Xerox durante muchos años.

Un tiempo después de 1974, Xerox consiguió el primer encaminador funcional, aunque el primer y verdadero enrutador IP fue desarrollado por Virginia Stazisar en BBN, como parte de ese esfuerzo promovido por DARPA, durante 1975-76. A finales de 1976, tres encaminadores basados en PDP-11 entraron en servicio en el prototipo experimental de Internet.

El primer encaminador multiprotocolo fue desarrollado simultáneamente por un grupo de investigadores del MIT y otro de Stanford en 1981. El encaminador de Stanford se le atribuye a William Yeager y el del MIT a Noel Chiappa. Ambos estaban basados en PDP-11.
Como ahora prácticamente todos los trabajos en redes usan IP en la capa de red, los encaminadores multiprotocolo son en gran medida obsoletos, a pesar de que fueron importantes en las primeras etapas del crecimiento de las redes de ordenadores, cuando varios protocolos distintos de TCP/IP eran de uso generalizado. Los encaminadores que manejan IPv4 e IPv6 son multiprotocolo, pero en un sentido mucho menos variable que un encaminador que procesaba AppleTalk, DECnet, IP, y protocolos de XeroX. Desde mediados de los años 1970 y en los años 1980, los miniordenadores de propósito general servían como enrutadores.

Actualmente, los encaminadores de alta velocidad están altamente especializados, ya que se emplea un hardware específico para acelerar las funciones de encaminamiento más específicas, como son el encaminamiento de paquetes y funciones especiales como la encriptación IPsec.

Funcionamiento
El funcionamiento básico de un enrutador o encaminador, como se deduce de su nombre, consiste en enviar los paquetes de red por el camino o ruta más adecuada en cada momento. Para ello almacena los paquetes recibidos y procesa la información de origen y destino que poseen. Con arreglo a esta información reenvía los paquetes a otro encaminador o bien al anfitrión final, en una actividad que se denomina 'encaminamiento'. Cada encaminador se encarga de decidir el siguiente salto en función de su tabla de reenvío o tabla de encaminamiento, la cual se genera mediante protocolos que deciden cuál es el camino más adecuado o corto, como protocolos basado en el algoritmo de Dijkstra.

Por ser los elementos que forman la capa de red, tienen que encargarse de cumplir las dos tareas principales asignadas a la misma:
 Reenvío de paquetes: cuando un paquete llega al enlace de entrada de un encaminador, este tiene que pasar el paquete al enlace de salida apropiado. Una característica importante de los encaminadores es que no difunden tráfico difusivo.
 Encaminamiento de paquetes: mediante el uso de algoritmos de encaminamiento tiene que ser capaz de determinar la ruta que deben seguir los paquetes a medida que fluyen de un emisor a un receptor.
Por tanto, debemos distinguir entre reenvío y encaminamiento. Reenvío consiste en coger un paquete en la entrada y enviarlo por la salida que indica la tabla, mientras que por encaminamiento se entiende el proceso de hacer esa tabla.

Arquitectura física

En un enrutador se pueden identificar cuatro componentes:
 Puertos de entrada: realiza las funciones de la capa física consistentes en la terminación de un enlace físico de entrada a un encaminador; realiza las funciones de la capa de enlace de datos necesarias para interoperar con las funciones de la capa de enlace de datos en el lado remoto del enlace de entrada; realiza también una función de búsqueda y reenvío de modo que un paquete reenviado dentro del entramado de conmutación del encaminador emerge en el puerto de salida apropiado.
 Entrada de conmutación: conecta los puertos de entrada del enrutador a sus puertos de salida.
 Puertos de salida: almacena los paquetes que le han sido reenviados a través del puerto de conmutación y los transmite al enlace de salida. Realiza entonces la función inversa de la capa física y de la capa de enlace que el puerto de entrada.
 Procesador de encaminamiento: ejecuta los protocolos de ip encaminamiento, mantiene la información de encaminamiento y las tablas de reenvío y realiza funciones de gestión de red dentro del enrutador.

Tipos de enrutamiento
Tanto los enrutadores como los anfitriones guardan una tabla de enrutamiento. El daemon de enrutamiento de cada sistema actualiza la tabla con todas las rutas conocidas. El núcleo del sistema lee la tabla de enrutamiento antes de reenviar paquetes a la red local. La tabla de enrutamiento enumera las direcciones IP de las redes que conoce el sistema, incluida la red local predeterminada del sistema. La tabla también enumera la dirección IP de un sistema de portal para cada red conocida. El portal es un sistema que puede recibir paquetes de salida y reenviarlos un salto más allá de la red local.

Enrutamiento estático
Hosts y redes de tamaño reducido que obtienen las rutas de un enrutador predeterminado, y enrutadores predeterminados que solo necesitan conocer uno o dos enrutadores.

Determinación de enrutamiento
La información de enrutamiento que el encaminador aprende desde sus fuentes de enrutamiento se coloca en su propia tabla de enrutamiento. El encaminador se vale de esta tabla para determinar los puertos de salida que debe utilizar para retransmitir un paquete hasta su destino. La tabla de enrutamiento es la fuente principal de información del enrutador acerca de las redes. Si la red de destino está conectada directamente, el enrutador ya sabrá el puerto que debe usar para reenviar los paquetes. Si las redes de destino no están conectadas directamente, el encaminador debe aprender y calcular la ruta más óptima a usar para reenviar paquetes a dichas redes. La tabla de enrutamiento se constituye mediante uno de estos dos métodos o ambos:

 Manualmente, por el administrador de la red.
 A través de procesos dinámicos que se ejecutan en la red.

Rutas estáticas
Las rutas estáticas se definen administrativamente y establecen rutas específicas que han de seguir los paquetes para pasar de un puerto de origen hasta un puerto de destino. Se establece un control preciso de enrutamiento según los parámetros del administrador.

Las rutas estáticas por defecto especifican una puerta de enlace de último recurso, a la que el enrutador debe enviar un paquete destinado a una red que no aparece en su tabla de enrutamiento, es decir, se desconoce.

Las rutas estáticas se utilizan habitualmente en enrutamientos desde una red hasta una red de conexión única, ya que no existe más que una ruta de entrada y salida en una red de conexión única, evitando de este modo la sobrecarga de tráfico que genera un protocolo de enrutamiento. La ruta estática se configura para conseguir conectividad con un enlace de datos que no esté directamente conectado al enrutador. Para conectividad de extremo a extremo, es necesario configurar la ruta en ambas direcciones. Las rutas estáticas permiten la construcción manual de la tabla de enrutamiento.

Enrutamiento dinámico
El enrutamiento dinámico le permite a los encaminadores ajustar, en tiempo real, los caminos utilizados para transmitir paquetes IP. Cada protocolo posee sus propios métodos para definir rutas (camino más corto, utilizar rutas publicadas por pares, etc.).

Algoritmos de enrutamiento dinámico

 Vector a distancia: Cada enrutador cuenta con una tabla donde se almacena la mejor distancia y la línea de comunicación que se debe utilizar para llegar al origen.
 Estado - Cliente: Descubre a los vecinos y obtiene las direcciones de red de estas.

Introducción a RIP
RIP (Protocolo de Información de Enrutamiento) es uno de los protocolos de enrutamiento más antiguos utilizados por dispositivos basados en IP. Su implementación original fue para el protocolo Xerox a principios de los 80. Ganó popularidad cuando se distribuyó con UNIX como protocolo de enrutamiento para esa implementación TCP/IP. RIP es un protocolo de vector de distancia que utiliza la cuenta de saltos de enrutamiento como métrica. La cuenta máxima de saltos de RIP es 15. Cualquier ruta que exceda de los 15 saltos se etiqueta como inalcanzable al establecerse la cuenta de saltos en 16. En RIP la información de enrutamiento se propaga de un enrutador a los otros vecinos por medio de una difusión de IP usando protocolo UDP y el puerto 520.

Proceso de configuración de RIP
El protocolo RIP versión uno es un protocolo de enrutamiento con clase que no admite la publicación de la información de la máscara de red. El protocolo RIP versión 2 es un protocolo sin clase que admite CIDR, VLSM, resumen de rutas y seguridad mediante texto simple y autenticación MD5.

Tipos de routers
Los enrutadores pueden proporcionar conectividad dentro de las empresas, entre las empresas e internet, y en el interior de proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP). Los enrutadores más grandes interconectan los ISP y a esos dispositivos se les suele llamar metroenrutador, y pueden ser utilizados en grandes redes de empresas

Conectividad en pequeñas oficinas y hogares
Los routers se usan en los hogares para conectar a servicios de banda ancha, tales como IP sobre cable, ADSL o fibra óptica. Un enrutador usado en una casa puede permitir la conectividad a una empresa a través de una red privada virtual.

Si bien son funcionalmente similares a los enrutadores, los equipos residenciales usan traducción de direcciones de red en lugar de direccionamiento. Esto es debido a que en lugar de conectar ordenadores locales directamente a la red del proveedor, un rúter residencial debe hacer que los ordenadores locales parezcan ser un solo equipo.

Encaminador de empresa
En las empresas se pueden encontrar encaminadores de todos los tamaños. Si bien los más poderosos tienden a ser encontrados en ISP, instalaciones académicas y de investigación, pero también en grandes empresas.

El modelo de tres capas es de uso común, no todos de ellos necesitan estar presentes en otras redes más pequeñas.

Acceso

Los encaminadores de acceso, incluyendo SOHO, se encuentran en sitios de clientes como sucursales que no necesitan de encaminamiento jerárquico de los propios. Normalmente, son optimizados para un bajo costo.

Distribución
Los encaminadores de distribución agregan tráfico desde encaminadores de acceso múltiple, ya sea en el mismo lugar, o de la obtención de los flujos de datos procedentes de múltiples sitios a la ubicación de una importante empresa. Los encaminadores de distribución son a menudo responsables de la aplicación de la calidad del servicio a través de una WAN, por lo que deben tener una memoria considerable, múltiples interfaces WAN, y transformación sustancial de inteligencia.

También pueden proporcionar conectividad a los grupos de servidores o redes externas. En la última solicitud, el sistema de funcionamiento del encaminador debe ser cuidadoso como parte de la seguridad de la arquitectura global. Separado del encaminador puede estar un cortafuegos o VPN concentrador, o el encaminador puede incluir estas y otras funciones de seguridad. Cuando una empresa se basa principalmente en un campus, podría no haber una clara distribución de nivel, que no sea tal vez el acceso fuera del campus.

En tales casos, los encaminadores de acceso, conectados a una red de área local (LAN), se interconectan a través del enrutador de núcleo.

Núcleo
En las empresas, el enrutador de núcleo puede proporcionar una "columna vertebral" interconectando la distribución de los niveles de los encaminadores de múltiples edificios de un campus, o a las grandes empresas locales.Tienden a ser optimizados para ancho de banda alto.

Cuando una empresa está ampliamente distribuida sin ubicación central, la función del enrutador de núcleo puede ser asumido por el servicio de WAN al que se suscribe la empresa, y la distribución de encaminadores se convierte en el nivel más alto.

Borde
Los encaminadores de borde enlazan sistemas autónomos con las redes troncales de Internet u otros sistemas autónomos, tienen que estar preparados para manejar el protocolo BGP y si quieren recibir las rutas BGP, deben poseer una gran cantidad de memoria.

Encaminadores inalámbricos
A pesar de que tradicionalmente los encaminadores solían tratar con redes fijas (Ethernet, ADSL, RDSI...), en los últimos tiempos han comenzado a aparecer encaminadores que permiten realizar una interfaz entre redes fijas y móviles (Wi-Fi, GPRS, Edge, UMTS, Fritz!Box, WiMAX...)
Un encaminador inalámbrico comparte el mismo principio que un encaminador tradicional. La diferencia es que este permite la conexión de dispositivos inalámbricos a las redes a las que el encaminador está conectado mediante conexiones por cable.
La diferencia existente entre este tipo de encaminadores viene dada por la potencia que alcanzan, las frecuencias y los protocolos en los que trabajan.

En Wi-Fi estas distintas diferencias se dan en las denominaciones como clase a/b/g/ y n.

Equipos domésticos

Los equipos que actualmente se le suelen vender al cliente como enrutadores no son simplemente eso sino que son los llamados Equipos locales del cliente (CPE). Los CPE están formados por un módem, un enrutador, un conmutador y opcionalmente un punto de acceso WiFi.

Mediante este equipo se cubren las funcionalidades básicas requeridas en las 3 capas inferiores del modelo OSI.

Los enrutadores en el modelo OSI

En el modelo OSI se distinguen diferentes niveles o capas en los que las máquinas pueden trabajar y comunicarse para entenderse entre ellas. En el caso de los enrutadores encontramos dos tipos de interfaces:
 Interfaces encaminadas: son interfaces de nivel 3, accesibles por IP. Cada una se corresponde con una dirección subred distinta. En IOS se denominan "IP interface". Se distinguen a su vez dos subtipos:
 Interfaces físicas: aquellas accesibles directamente por IP.
 Interfaces virtuales: aquellas que se corresponden con una VLAN o un CV. Si dicha interfaz se corresponde con una única VLAN se denomina Switch Virtual Interfaz (SVI), mientras que si se corresponde con un enlace trunk o con un CV, actúan como subinterfaces.

 Interfaces conmutadas: se trata de interfaces de nivel 2 accesibles solo por el módulo de conmutamiento. En IOS reciben el nombre de puertos de conmutador. Las hay de dos tipos:
 Puertos de acceso: soportan únicamente tráfico de una VLAN.
 Puertos trunk: soportan tráfico de varias VLANs distintas.

Estas posibilidades de configuración están únicamente disponibles en los equipos modulares, ya que en los de configuración fija, los puertos de un enrutador actúan siempre como interfaces encaminadas, mientras que los puertos de un conmutador como interfaces conmutadas. Además, la única posible ambigüedad en los equipos configurables se da en los módulos de conmutamiento, donde los puertos pueden actuar de las dos maneras, dependiendo de los intereses del usuario.

Conmutadores frente a enrutadores
Un conmutador, al igual que un encaminador es también un dispositivo de conmutación de paquetes de almacenamiento y reenvío. La diferencia fundamental es que el conmutador opera en la capa 2 (capa de enlace) del modelo OSI, por lo que para enviar un paquete se basa en una dirección MAC, al contrario de un encaminador que emplea la dirección IP.

Véase también

 BrazilFW
 Puente de red
 Brouter
 Concentrador
 Módem
 Satmódem

 Router ADSL
 Router virtual (Wikipedia inglesa)
 enrutador inalámbrico
 WiFi móvil
 Conmutador (dispositivo de red)
 Universal Serial Bus

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Parte de este artículo fue creado a partir de la traducción del artículo Router de la Wikipedia en inglés, bajo licencia Creative Commons Atribución Compartir Igual 3.0 y GFDL.
 Se usó parte de los apuntes de clase de la asignatura Redes y Servicios Telemáticos (Universidade de Vigo).
 Q.R. Cintia (2022) Apuntes de clase Redes de Datos Seguras (UNAM).

Enlaces externos

 Gateway

Ruteadores
Redes informáticas
Dispositivos servidores
Hardware de red
Arquitectura de Internet


College is almost over. I have been around the medical fields I can choose and, in the end, emergency work is the only thing that agrees with me. Being an ER doctor is sometimes quiet, sometimes hectic, but always full of surprises. And it leaves me time to do something else, which is perfect.
Creatively speaking, I have lost interest in roleplaying games. I still want to fill my notebooks, but I'm not sure what with.
College is over. I concentrate on my career and establish an Emergency Department. I learn to make choices, to go for the bare essentials, to forget about the unnecessary and to leave the phone off the hook. Life has no meaning: we need to give it some.
Writing, guerrilla-like, chooses this moment to ambush me.


Willunga is a town located south of Adelaide CBD and during July-August (winter-spring), this town become one of the prettiest town in South Australia, yyyyy?
I setup on a mission to discover its attraction to draw people to this town on a August weekend. And from there to Sellick beach, Aldinga beach…etc, one of the BEST claimed beaches in South Australia!!!
It took ~1hr bus ride to get me there, passing though McLaren Vale, one of SA's best winery region. This kinda became my LONG LONG walk……for my discovery journey of South Australia, haha.
Dropped off right at the Willunga market, a good place to start my exploration, to see the life and people of Willunga. The market is mainly groceries, fruits, cafes, selling plants, nthg very special. As it's just pass the almond harvesting season, there are stalls selling home-made almonds in different tastes!! Tasted some FOC like honey, roasted, sea salt, and some weird flavours, haha.
Among the plants for sell in the picture below, one of them is BEETROOT – sthg reddish, and also appeared in cans as well, and favourite among some Australians. But i have never tasted beetroot before, because many colleagues of mine don't like it, so i avoided since then, haha. Maybe i should really give it a try!!!
At the same time, as it's early spring, everywhere is covered wherever and whenever possible by this small carpet-like plants with yellow flowers!!!! This yellow flowers blend in so well with almond trees!!!
Not very sure if these pink colours one are almond trees or not, haha, but the pink ones were much much prettier, haha.
I walked and walked again, leaving the Willunga town far behind, not taking the bus, as i suddenly felt i really see A LOT and have many chances to take photos which i cant if i take a bus especially this road has only a few stops even though a VERY LONG ROAD!!!
Went into this DUNO WHO place, a piece of land that i cant resist to get in there!!!
Somehow this place is Willunga Waldorf school??? It has a couple of building or house in there, haha.
Even though it's not the planting season of grapes, yet the vineyards looked AWESOME!!!! What u see below is just wild flowers growing, and yet it looks like planted!!!
Finally, not sure how far have i walked……but SURE DAMN FAR!!!! i saw ALMOND GROVE ROAD SIGNBOARD!!! it's like saw gold!!!! wahaha, and yet i still to walk quite a distant lagi, sigh!!!
From far, i got very excited because i can see the whole almond orchard lining in parallel , haha, Really like strike 4D, wahaha. Though the trees looks quite empty, after bloom and harvest (different areas and age trees have different blooming timing) but the feeling was good still, haha, the almond tree here are VY old one, so they all looked big and full grown!!! Just cant help wondered how will it look like if i came here earlier when the whole line of trees were in full bloom!!!
Next, i was just walking habis Biscay road coz i dun like standing waiting for the bus that only come hourly!!! But the walk was so longggggggggggggggggggggggggg, how i wished i was in the bus then!!! Untill i walked almost habis the whole road, baru the bus muncul, sigh……tired, haha, but i'm cant wait to step my foot on Sellick beach, hehe!!!


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After weeks of international press attention, the Somali pirates have apparently suffered a setback. The Indian Navy has sunk a pirate "mother ship" in the Gulf of Aden. The crew of the Indian warship reported seeing hands on deck of the Somali ship with automatic weapons and RPGs. Upon radio contact, the Indian Navy said the pirates threatened to blow them up, so they retaliated out of self defense. "From what we see in photographs," said a senior Indian officer, "the pirate vessel is completely destroyed." The retaliation comes as pirates claim to begin negotiations over the Saudi oil tanker they seized on Saturday, which contains over $100 million of oil. Two motorboats were seen fleeing the sinking pirate ship.


When you search on the CMS website for information about the meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs), you'll get bombarded by a ton of links (some which don't work) and 276 pages describing the meaningful use rules. When you look for consolidated information summarizing all the meaningful use requirements, you may quickly get frustrated. If you keep digging around, you may eventually find this PDF titled, "Eligible Professional Meaningful Use Table of Contents Core and Menu Set Measures."
This PDF includes hyperlinks that take you to specific definitions of terms. So, if you're confused about the definition of "clinical quality measures" or "clinical decision support rule," you'll find those definitions quickly and easily by using this PDF.
There are 15 core measures and 10 menu set measures for eligible professionals (EPs). Are you achieving meaningful use?


Bring a touch of safari style to your home with this charming elephant cushion. Perfect for both contemporary and modern interiors, the magnificent cushion is finished in soft, neutral tones that complement any colour scheme. It is printed with a watercolour of the head of an elephant that makes a beautiful piece of art for the home. The front of the cushion is made in a linen-look fabric, whilst the back and piping are soft tan velour.
Removable zipped cover for machine washing. Front 96% polyester/4% linen. Back 100% polyester. Firm fibre-filled pad. 43cm-square.
It was a present and was well received.
Bought as gift for elephant lover. Cushion was of good quality and lovely print of elephant.
Arrived in good time, very well packaged.
I ordered 3 cushions the zebra, elephant and giraffe. The giraffe cushion arrived. Nothing else. No explanation....so I'm still waiting.


text:
Olaszország
Castelfranco Emilia, település Olaszországban, Emilia-Romagna régióban, Modena megyében
Castelfranco in Miscano, község Olaszországban, Campania régióban, Benevento megyében
Castelfranco di Sopra, település Olaszországban, Toszkána régióban, Arezzo megyében
Castelfranco di Sotto, település Olaszországban, Toszkána régióban, Pisa megyében
Castelfranco Veneto, település Olaszországban, Veneto régióban, Treviso megyében


"This is a partner event. No discounts or vouchers are eligible."
Play the odds at our popular AI Speed Dating event, where you'll meet 10 to 15 Asian and Indian women (30-45) for 3-minute "dates."
Please note: While this event is open to Asian and Indian women we DO NOT guarantee an even ratio of Asian to Indian women. We do guarantee a minimum of 10 "dates" with either Asian or Indian women or your next event is on us. Women are also guaranteed a minimum of 10 "dates" or they receive their next event free.


Working collaborative to ensure every student excels academically, socially and emotionally. We create not only doctors but also a good Human Being through our holistic teaching. We, here in New Light committed to educating and nurturing all students so they may grow towards responsible global citizenship and Human greatness.
The teaching style is extremely contemporary that helps in keeping the students and the faculty abreast with the rapidly changing environment. We create an environment where experience meets with young talent and produces exemplary results.
We at New Light provide a platform of quality teaching, competitiveness and awareness to attain heights of success.
I welcome young aspirants dreamers to join New Light Institute and experience the fascinating world of success.


The author of the new book,It's that easy - Online Marketing 3.0, claims the first era of online marketing was one-dimensional and revolved around having a static website. The second phase gave organisations and brands the opportunity to engage and connect more, not just view content, she said.
The emerging era, online marketing 3.0, is all about being more intuitive. "Search engines for example are becoming more intuitive now… Google knows all about me, and my search results are based on this knowledge," Dautovic told CMO. "Facebook is another example and based on the specs of your profile. Then there's the whole world of content curation [such as Paper.Li].
"We can choose how it is we want to engage and connect within the content. Because we have the power to be more selective, it's important for content creators and marketers to understand the power now is with the consumer.
Dautovic has been in the media and small business game for 20 years, first launching her own TV show and producing 60 episodes through Optus Vision. After studying human behaviour, she developed the Red Tent Woman business network, providing coaching and content resources. As part of this network, she launched Red Tent Radio, becoming a pioneer in the world of podcasting for her interviews with business owners globally.
In 2010, she was diagnosed with cancer and had her kidney removed, a huge surgical procedure that left her unable to meet the physical demands of running the Rent Tent business network. Adversity proved the catalyst she needed to launch her latest series of podcast shows as well as become an author.
Her step into self-publishing saw her partner with 17 online engagement and business experts to publish her first book aimed at showing business owners how to better connect and engage with their market online. To do this, Dautovic built up an engaging online community via the website, podcast show, Facebook business page and the private Facebook group for the readers and authors to connect and interact. She also held a Facebook Virtual Book Launch to improve her global reach. Two further books in the series are planned.
For Dautovic, it is important to integrate real-time engagement with content to give people an ability to be more involved. She highlighted message boards on websites, live chat and social tools as some of the ways to achieve this.
"People can feel like a real part of what you are doing and a true part of your community," she said. One of the more recent additions to her website is the ability for people to leave a recorded real-time voice message.
Dautovic agreed the age of digital was making transparency core to how brands engage. "We all now have a digital stamp and legacy online and we can't hide that," she said. "It shouldn't be feared either.
Dautovic also advised organisations to ensure they have a dedicated social media manager as well as brand custodian who can represent the personality to the community.
At the upcoming Online Retailer Roadshow, Dautovic will be discussing how organisations can embrace the world of online marketing 3.0 through examples from her own experience.
"The cheeky way of explaining this is that I'm an online tart, but I keep my skirt down," she said. "A key to this repurposing, and turning one piece of content into 10. With the changes Google has made of late, it's less about SEO, and more on creating good quality, original content and doing that regularly.
"What I could do is create a blog post, then take a PDF and put that on another website. Or I can take that blog post and turn it into an article on someone else's website. Or it could be about creating a video, podcast, or break it into different pieces, Tweets and so on.
"What I always want to be doing is minimising the effort around the output to get the best from it." Dautovic identified three key broadcast channels for marketers – iTunes, YouTube or a blog. "I'd focus on one main broadcast channel and then master that," she advised. "Then turn that piece of content you've created into other pieces of content.
Dautovic said that marketers shouldn't feel compelled to simultaneously focus on every content distribution channel available to them.
"Everyone needs balance… Focus on what channel comes naturally, and start there," she added.


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Northern railways
Nearly 500 trains affected due to dense fog, Railways says
Around 335 trains have been delayed due to foggy weather, a railway official said on Sunday. In addition, around 88 have been cancelled, 31 diverted and 33 have been short-terminated the official added.
CBI arrests Northern Railway engineer, recovers over Rs 2 cr
The Centre Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on Tuesday said it has arrested a deputy chief engineer of Northern Railways in connection with a bribe case and recovered more than Rs 2 crore during the raids.
Northern Railway slashes platform ticket prices
The platform tickets will now be available for Rs 10 as before.
Cattle on tracks: 200 trains affected in first 9 days of Oct; 4,000 trains faced delay this year
Cattle run overs affected 200 trains in the first nine days of October and over 4,000 trains so far this year, official data has shown.
Railways planning restoration of Kangra Valley heritage line
The Northern Railways is working out a plan to restore train services on the Kangra Valley narrow gauge heritage line after they were suspended on July 14 due to heavy rains, a statement from the Railways said on Wednesday.
J&K: World's highest Chenab River bridge, 35m taller than Eiffel Tower, to get 'golden joint'
In a major milestone on the world's highest single-arch railway bridge over Chenab River, the overarch deck launch is scheduled for completion within a week, with a 'golden joint' linking the two sides, in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, excited officials said here on Friday.
88% work done on world's highest rail bridge over Jammu and Kashmir's Chenab river
This bridge is the world's highest railway bridge and is part of the ambitious Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link (USBRL) project carried out by Northern Railways at an estimated cost of Rs 28,000 crore.
Northern Railway crosses Rs.100 crore mark in parcel revenue earnings
Northern Railway earned Rs. 100 crores parcel revenue during the current Financial Year, informed the officials on Saturday.
Railways to recruit 1,48,463 people over next one year
According to the latest annual report of the Department of Expenditure on Pay and Allowances, the total number of regular central government civilian employees in position (including in the Union territories) as of March 1, 2020, was 31.91 lakh as against the sanctioned strength of 40.78 lakh and approximately 21.75 per cent of the posts were vacant.
Railways to armour 3000 km of Delhi-Mumbai, Delhi-Howrah route with 'Kavach'
The anti-train collision system or Kavach, which literally means armour, is being promoted by the Railways as the world's cheapest automatic train collision protection system which enables it to stop on their own if the digital system notices any manual error like "jumping" of the red signal or any other malfunction.
Jammu-Baramulla line project will accelerate path of prosperity in J-K
Jammu-Baramulla railway project will accelerate the path of prosperity in Jammu and Kashmir, a senior official of Northern Railways said on Thursday.
Railways cuts flab, surrenders 72,000 'non-essential' posts in 6 years
According to the documents, the 16 zonal railways have surrendered 56,888 "non-essential" posts during the financial years 2015-16 to 2020-21, with 15,495 more scheduled to be surrendered.
Railways cancels 42 passenger trains for coal rake movement
The national transporter, which has prioritised the movement of coal rakes in the last few weeks, has pushed in 86 per cent of its open wagons towards carrying the essential commodity to the power plants
Rlys cancels around 42 trains across two zones to facilitate coal freight movement
Some passengers services under the SECR like the Bilaspur-Bhopal train, which was suspended on March 28, will now remain in this status till May 3, while the MEMU between Maharashtra's Gondia and Odisha's Jharsuguda stands cancelled from April 24 to May 23 and the Dongargarh-Raipur MEMU in Chhattisgarh from April 11 to May 24
Operational cost of J&K's Banihal-Baramulla rail link to be less by 40%
The operational cost of the Banihal-Baramulla rail link in Jammu and Kashmir would be reduced by 40 per cent after electrification of the total length of 137.73 kms.
Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link project: Longest tunnel T-49 between Sumber, Arpinchala stations connected
A major milestone has been achieved by executing break-through of Tunnel T49 between Sumber and Arpinchala Station on ongoing Katra-Banihal Section.
Northern Railways makes breakthrough in ambitious Kashmir project
The breakthrough was achieved on the T-49 tunnel, which is going to be the longest tunnel of the Indian Railways surpassing the 11.2 km-long Pir Panjal tunnel constructed by USBRL on the Banihal-Qazigund section.


July 9, 2007 (by Jon Somerville) - NASA is looking into the possibility of returning one of the two F-16XLs back into flyable status.
Currently the F-16XLs have been kept in flyable storage for almost a decade. NASA hopes for an affordable Lockheed Martin contract, a study the cost of upgrading and returning Ship number 1, the single-seat F-16XL #75-0749 which wears NASA number 849, to flying condition. If all goes as planned the aircraft will be flying before the year is out. NASA wants the aircraft to help with research into sonic boom propagation and reduction.
NASA had used both aircraft in the past to study sonic boom and laminar flow as part its High Speed Research program, which was cancelled in 1999. Originally the F-16XL program came about as two prototypes and was offered to the USAF in a competition F-15E Strike Eagle.


"Jay'ah St. Freeman an E&R (eclectic rhythm) singer songwriter and producer"
JAYASOUL is a solo artist who is focused on singing, writing and producing R&B songs that will make you fall in love with music again. The musical influence of greats such as Mary J. Blige, Al Green, Jill Scott, Anita Baker,The Gap Band and many more are felt in the harmonic pulse of her music, but such influences fail to taint the originality of her style. Born in Berkeley, California, JAYASOUL grew up in nearby Oakland and began playing piano at the tender age of 6. Music not only poured from her tiny finger tips, it escaped from her breath. JAYASOUL knew she wanted to sing when her grandfather was playing Pink Cadillac by Aretha Franklin in the car and he turned the music down to listen. He later told her mom "That baby can sing, she gonna be a singer when she grow up." Even at a young age, her mother and her piano instructor, Mrs Crew, always reminded her she can be anything she wanted to be with practice, dedication and determination. Hardly born with the patience to wait, JAYASOUL began singing in front of an audience at only 13, and fell in love with the idea of being a singer while performing a rendition of Jodeci's "Come and Talk to Me" less than a year later during spirit week at her high school. She then went on to contribute background vocals to rapper and brother Krushadelic's various albums. JAYASOUL also began producing her own music. After much experience in the studio, she joined a local band out of Sacramento which routinely performed at local venues in Sacramento and in Southern California. Now back on her own of fulfilling her destiny as a solo artist. She is currently working on her first album slated to be release 2016.


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Rights Group Records 157 Arbitrary Arrests in July, Including 13 Children & two Women
Human rights group warned of the consequences of continued arbitrary arrests in Syria as increasing the risks inside detention centers and threatening the lives of thousands of detainees in light of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic.
In a report issued on Monday, the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) said that it had documented 157 arbitrary arrests across Syria in July 2020, including 13 children and two women.
The report indicated that the Assad regime was responsible for 69 cases, including against two children and two women, pointing out that 41 of these cases had turned into enforced disappearances.
The rights group pointed out that the PYD militia was responsible for the arrests of 61 people, including 11 children, while Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham militant group was responsible for nine arrests, five of which turned into enforced disappearances. The report recorded 18 arrests by other groups, 11 of which turned into forced disappearance.
According to the report, the majority of arrests took place in the provinces of Deir Ezzor, Aleppo, and Rural Damascus, pointing out that the detainees held by the regime are being subjected to "brutal, sadistic methods of torture," and that they are being held in dire health conditions.
The Network called on the UN Security Council to follow the implementation of resolutions 2042, 2043 (2012), 2012, and 2139 (2014) to put an end to enforced disappearance in Syria.
Tags: AleppoCoronavirusenforced disappearancesPYD militiaSyrian Network for Human RightsUN Resolution 2042UN Resolution 2043UN Resolution 2139UN Security Council
SIG: Three Civilians Killed and 30 Injured in Regime and PYD Attacks on Freed Territories in October
Rights Group Documents 208 Arrests Across Syria in October, Mostly by Assad Regime
Rights Group: Fear of Arrest by Assad Regime is Major Reason Discouraging Return of Palestinian-Syrians
Monitoring Group Urges UN to Seek Release of Palestinian-Syrian Detainees in Assad's prisons
SNHR: 568 People Killed in Syria in 1st Half of 2022, mostly by Assad Regime and Allies
Monitoring Group: 55 people Killed in Dara'a Province in June


The UK49 is one of the biggest lottery games in the world and is conducted in the United Kingdom. It has gained popularity worldwide due to its massive jackpots, which have the power of changing your life completely. As a matter of fact, there have been tons of winners who have won massive prizes through the UK49s Lottery and have changed their lives. Who doesn't want that? However, since the jackpot reaches such heights, it is also a fact that the UK49 has really tough odds of winning. Therefore, if you do manage to win, it is definitely a stroke of luck.
M (he has asked to stay anonymous) also believed the same until his life turned around. The young man hailing from South America was facing some of the worst times in his life in November 2017. He had lost his job due to downsizing, had gone through a divorce and his house was falling apart around him. It was in dire need of repairs, just like his life and he didn't have much of his savings left to get him through for long. He was doing some odd jobs for his neighbors to keep making some money, but it wasn't enough for him to be able to keep his house.
He was getting quite desperate and really didn't know what to do. One night, he was watching the television when the UK49 lottery draw came on and that gave him the idea. He decided to try his luck and that's exactly what he did for the next few weeks. However, it didn't seem to be working as he had to face disappointment every time the numbers were announced. It didn't seem to be doing him any good, but he was persistent, mostly because he had no other option. He thought it was a problem with his numbers so he decided to try out some different strategies.
M read over some of the tips that previous winners had provided and decided to stop using his birthday and lucky numbers for playing in the draw. Instead, he went over some of the past UK49 draw results to check the statistics and see what numbers had the highest chances of being drawn. That didn't work either so he tried a combination of high and low numbers. Again, unsuccessful. Then he decided to play whatever numbers that came to his mind when he was buying a ticket.
A couple of months later, M decided to try a random number generator to get a number combination he could play. Unlike other times, he hadn't been able to watch the UK49 draw this time because he had been out running an errand for a neighbor. He forgot completely about it and it wasn't until the next day when he was emptying his wallet that he found the ticket. He decided to check the results to see if this trick had worked and to his utter surprise, he found that he had indeed won $200,000.
M was instantly thrilled because he didn't have enough money in his pocket to think about buying tickets in the future. Plus, it was all the money he needed to get his life back on track. It was the reason why he had started playing the lottery so he was pleased that it had worked. But, he didn't want to share the news with anyone right away. He wanted to make up his mind about what to do first so he decided not to claim the prize right away. M sat down and outlined a plan. He decided he wanted to fix his house first and pay all the bills.
Since he didn't have a job, but had some experience in the real estate industry, he decided to set up his own businesses instead of looking for a job. But, he also thought it was a good idea for him to invest some of his winnings for the purpose of diversification. In this way, if his business didn't survive, he wouldn't be left with no money like before and would be able to get by with ease. After all, everyone wants a secure financial future and that's exactly what M wanted as well.
Since he didn't have enough money to hire a financial advisor right away, he went online and did some research on his options. Once he had an idea, he decided to go ahead and claim his prize. He opted to get the entire sum in the form of cash so he could start using his prize as he saw fit. He still couldn't believe it when he got the check for his prize and that's when he hired a lawyer and financial planner. He took all the necessary steps for securing his money because he didn't want to be one of those winners who just blew it all away.
One of the best things for M was that he had played completely random numbers, which meant that he didn't have to share the prize with anyone. His numbers were totally unique and no other players had chosen the same numbers so the prize didn't have to be split. M was really pleased with the fact that he had chosen to play and he decided to continue the habit of buying UK49 tickets regularly. Who knows? He just might win again and go crazy this time.
This is just one of the lucky UK49 winners out there. The beauty of the UK49 lottery is that it has helped in making thousands of people millionaires since its launch. You have to be really careful in choosing the numbers because the odds are really tough, but the good thing is that the tickets are really cheap so you can improve your odds by buying a bunch of tickets with different numbers. What are you waiting for? All you have to do is go to the nearest store or shop for your tickets online and participate in the next UK49 lottery draw that can change your life.


DeVelvis is a Ph.D. candidate in history at the University of South Carolina studying the nineteenth-century U.S. South under Dr. Mark Smith. Her dissertation examines gender and secession in South Carolina and the intersection of emotion and politics. DeVelvis also works as an interpretive guide for the Historic Columbia Foundation and as a graduate manuscript processing assistant at the South Caroliniana Library. Most recently, she processed the collection of the late Bishop John Hurst Adams, Civil Rights and religious leader.
Thomas is a history Ph.D. candidate at Auburn University studying Civil War-era America under Dr. Kenneth Noe. He received two degrees in Economics and History from Emory & Henry College and an M.A. in History from the University of North Florida . While at UNF, he defended a master's thesis that explored the Civil War soldier's transition from citizen to soldier, and he also worked closely with the Jacksonville Historical Society. At Auburn, in addition to his duties as a graduate teaching assistant for the history department, Thomas has worked as an editor and author for the Encyclopedia of Alabama, a cultural resource specialist for the Caroline Marshall Draughon Center for the Arts and Humanities, and a graduate research assistant for Dr. Elijah Gaddis, who co-founded Community Histories Workshop. Thomas's dissertation research combines the methods of environmental and military historians in order to understand the relationship between Civil War soldiers and military encampments. Thomas plans to teach an upper-level Civil War and Reconstruction course this summer at Auburn, and in the fall and spring he is scheduled to teach World History survey courses.
The Civil War Governors of Kentucky Digital Documentary Edition and the Kentucky Historical Society are proud to announce that Civil War Governors was awarded $62,400 in the May 2016 cycle of National Historical Publications & Records Commission (NHPRC) funding.
This is the second grant Civil War Governors has recieved from NHPRC. The first grant supported the digital publication of Early Access, an Omeka interface that will host 10,000 Civil War-era documents. This site will allow users to access 10,000 digital document images and transcriptions, and sample the rich content that Civil War Governors will deliver. Civil War Governors true impact on scholarship, however, will be in annotation. To the extent possible given the restrictions and biases of the historical record, Civil War Governors will identify, research, and link together every person, place, and organization found in its documents. This web of tens—perhaps hundreds—of thousands of networked nodes will dramatically expand the number of actors in Kentucky and U.S. history, show scholars new patterns and hidden relationships, and recognize the humanity and agency of historically marginalized people. The network of identified and annotated people, places, businesses, government agencies, and military units, will come as close as possible to a historical reconstruction of mid-nineteenth century society as it was lived and experienced in wartime Kentucky.
This second grant will support that next phase of work: publishing an annotation interface of 1,500 fully edited and linked documents. This important step to the full Digital Documentary Edition of a projected 40,000 documents will help reconstruct the lost lives and voices of tens of thousands of Kentuckians who interacted with the office of the governor during the war years. The diverse and largely unknown lives of the people captured in the Civil War Governors documents—generals and politicians, prostitutes and plantation mistresses, free African American professionals and "contraband" refugees—as well as the social, economic, political, and geographic networks they allow us to visualize and understand, are what Civil War Governors hopes to capture and deliver to the public.
This will be an important test of the Civil War Governors vision of a digital research environment within which a user can encounter the past multi-dimensionally through the documents and the powerful annotation network that links the documents together. In this document-driven historical ecosystem, users can explore intuitively—moving seamlessly through seemingly disparate historical themes, events, and topics; breaking into the plane of social and geographic space to understand the deep patterns that underlay the issues raised in a text or set of texts. Through it, Civil War Governors will understand how project staff must balance all phases of editing work as well as how a variety of users will navigate the research platform. Early Access shows the public a tantalizing sample of Civil War Governors content, but the next phase will demonstrate how Civil War Governors will shape the ways researchers, students, and teachers will explore the past in the future.


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UC BERKELEY (visited 7/16/12)
Berkeley lives up to the "Big-name schools don't have to try" motto. We got to tour the campus, but they clearly were not going to go out of their way for us. The only "special treatment" we got was that we met the tour guide in front of the fountain by the main building where they start the tours instead of congregating inside. This is the first college of the 30 I've toured as part of group of college counselors that did not even send an admissions representative to say hello to the group, even though we were there during summer, not in the middle of travel or reading season.
Berkeley is the first UC school to be established, hence the nickname of "Cal" (a little like Chapel Hill is called Carolina). It was originally a Mining, Agricultural, and Architectural school and still boasts a functioning mine on campus. The campus is extensive and feels a little schizophrenic rather than cohesive. Buildings seemed to have been added randomly without thought to what was around it. It was not an attractive campus, but it did have a lively feel to it: it was packed with students and with people touring so I felt like we got more of a sense of what campus life is really like for the students.
The tour guide said that students have to fight for everything here; a counselor remarked after the tour that a person would have to have really sharp elbows to do well at Berkeley, but someone else said that she had sent a student there who did not have those sharp elbows and she did ok. A third person described Berkeley students as falling into three types: the go-getters with the elbows, the athletes who are in their own little world, and the drifters. "It's Berkeley. You have people who are naked, people who are smoking pot, and people who are riding unicycles – sometimes all at the same time."
96% of freshman live on campus, and two years of housing is guaranteed; 10% of students live in Greek housing. The tour guide said that finding off-campus housing is a HUGE hassle, and it takes a lot of looking on Craig's List and other places to find anything decent. There are some co-ops where students can work in the house for reduced R&B costs. Our tour guide said that parking on campus is a problem, but if students change their license and registration to Berkeley, they can park in the city for free. They also get a free bus pass with their student ID card, and there are zip cars on campus for use. 4000 students own bikes on campus, but there is no bike share program. The gym costs $10 a semester to use which is the first time I've heard of a gym on campus costing extra (not including things like the specialty classes like Zumba) – although other places just build that cost into the mandatory fees, so here they can opt out if they want. Berkeley has 33 club sports and 9 intramurals in addition to their DI level varsity teams. Students have to pay for sport tickets, but the cost seemed reasonable and there tended to be decent turn-outs for games.
Our tour guide said that it's not too difficult to get classes that they need as long as they are flexible, persistent, or think outside of the box (ie, take another class earlier than they anticipated, take a different class to fulfill a requirement, or keep checking online to see if a spot opened up). Class registration happens in phases: they can register for 10 credits in phase 1, 5 credits in phase 2, and the remainder in phase 3. All phase 1s happen (for seniors down to freshman) happen before phase 2 starts. Seniority partly plays into the process. Our tour guide came in with sophomore standing because of APs, but added the disclaimer that "It's Berkeley. Most people come in as sophomores because of APs." However, most people don't choose to graduate in three years; instead, they choose to double major or study abroad. DeCal, or Democratic California, offers classes run by other students in areas of interest and expertise. Examples include Hip-hop, the History of Burma, Sociology of Sex in the City, Scrabble, Stream Clean-up, etc. Students can earn 2-4 credits on a P/NP basis. They also offer Freshman/ Sophomore seminars (mixed groups) in a variety of topics. Our tour guide took Linguistics of South Africa. Her largest class was in the hundreds, but she did take a Seminar class with fewer than 20.
There are a few interesting buildings or aspects to the buildings on campus:
There are no door handles on most of the doors of the Chancellor's building. This comes from the Free Speech Movement when students chained the doors shut to lock in the Chancellor until he listened to their demands. Now school policy states that doors can only have 1 handle per set of doors so they can't be chained shut, a policy that is illustrated directly across from the Chancellor's building on the library.
They have an underground library under one of the quads that is the size of 4 football fields. It connects several of the buildings around the quad.
The Bell Tower is the third tallest in the world (the others being in Europe). There are concerts three times a day utilizing the 68 bells. Students can learn how to play them, and many of the concerts are student run. The floors in the tower house a music library as well as holdings from La Brea Tar pits.
Posted in California, College Visits and tagged Cal, UC Berkeley


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Tag: Drew Barrymore
Review: Whip It
There is one place I never envisioned myself on a Saturday night—sitting behind the Pioneer Valley Roller Derby team at a preview screening of Drew Barrymore's directorial debut Whip It. That is because one, I didn't even know that there was a Pioneer Valley Derby League and two, everything Drew Barrymore touches typically makes me cringe. But Whip It is an entertaining and refreshing coming-of-age comedy that has made this notorious film snob less cynical.
Whip It stars Ellen Page (Juno) as Bliss Cavendar, a Texas teen who is constantly pressured by her controlling mother, Brooke (played by Marcia Gay Harden) to participate in beauty pageants. Bliss, however, wants nothing to do with pageant life. By chance, she and her best friend Pash (Alia Shawkat of Arrested Development) attend a roller derby match and Bliss finds herself determined to join the Hurl Scouts, an Austin roller derby team. Suddenly Bliss finds herself embedded in the roller derby world, falling for the guitarist in a local band and lying to her parents about her newfound passion.
The roller derby world comes alive through the movie's exceptional supporting actors. SNL's Kristin Wiig plays Maggie Mayhem, Bliss's mentor while Eve and Barrymore appear as Rosa Sparks and Smashley Simpson, Bliss's teammates. Juliette Lewis plays Iron Maven, the trashtalking captain of a rival team. Andrew Wilson and Jimmy Fallon round out the supporting cast as the Hurl Scouts coach and the league's bizarre emcee respectively. These characters provide the film with hilarious literal and figurative comedic punches.
At its heart Whip It is a teenage coming-of-age story. Yet it feels refreshingly real. That is in large part due to the focus paid to the heartfelt mother-daughter relationship. What on paper reads like a cliche—a daughter rebels from her strict upbringing only to find herself and to understand her mother along the way—feels much more than that. In one final scene, Brooke reads a sentimental note from Bliss. Rather than cut the scene, the camera lingers on Brooke's expression longer than you would expect as both she and the audience realize how these two characters have grown. The inclusion of this particular scene shows how Whip It benefits from having a female vision behind the film.
Female directors rarely direct feature-length commercial Hollywood films. As someone who has been in the film industry since the age of five, Drew Barrymore is a logical person to transition from acting to directing. Her presence in the male-dominated directing field will certainly enliven Hollywood's representations of women. Whip It is a reflection of this. The film's sharp and sassy humor, focus on individuality and independence, and overall empowering message make Whip It a must-see movie of the fall.
Published: Mount Holyoke News
Author JoannaPosted on October 4, 2009 October 20, 2011 Categories 2000s, Mount Holyoke News, Reviews, Women's CinemaTags Drew Barrymore, Ellen Page, Whip It1 Comment on Review: Whip It
Trailer Fix: Whip It!
Whip It is the directorial debut of Drew Barrymore. It stars Juno's Ellen Page as Bliss, a teen who is constantly pressured to participate in beauty pageants by her mother (played by Marcia Gay Harden) so she joins the roller derby instead. Alia Shawkat (Arrested Development) co-stars as her best friend. Saturday Night Live's Kristen Wiig and R&B singer Eve star as her teammates.
Whip It seems like an enjoyable girl power kind of movie. It will be released in theaters October 9.
Author JoannaPosted on July 17, 2009 October 20, 2011 Categories Trailers, Women's CinemaTags Drew Barrymore, Ellen Page, Kristen Wiig, Whip ItLeave a comment on Trailer Fix: Whip It!
Preview: Grey Gardens
First there was the 1975 documentary, then the 2006 Broadway adaptation, and now there will be a HBO film adaptation of Grey Gardens.
Jessica Lange and Drew Barrymore star as the Edies and Jeanne Tripplehorn stars as Jacqueline Kennedy in the HBO adapatation which premieres April 18. Here is the trailer:
Based on the trailer it seems that Drew Barrymore has captured Edie and finally delivers a worthwhile performance. That's a huge compliment coming from me considering how much I despise Barrymore. Check out this clip from the documentary and judge for yourself.
Author JoannaPosted on March 17, 2009 March 8, 2011 Categories HBO, Miniseries, PreviewsTags Drew Barrymore, Grey Gardens1 Comment on Preview: Grey Gardens
Hollywood's Most Overpaid Actors
Who are Hollywood's most overpaid celebrities?
In a recent article, Forbes Magazine has designated these 10 Actors and Actresses to be the most overpaid. The rankings were compiled by looking at a star's past three movies and then dividing their total earnings by the films' overall income to determine the actor's payback figure.
1. Nicole Kidman
2. Jennifer Garner
5. Cameron Diaz
6. Jim Carrey
7. Nicolas Cage
9. Will Ferrell
10. Cate Blanchett
I guess in most of these cases "overpaid" is synonym for over-hyped and underwhelming.
Author JoannaPosted on September 11, 2008 January 20, 2013 Categories Actors and Actresses, CountdownsTags Drew Barrymore, Forbes, Nicole Kidman, Russell Crowe, Tom CruiseLeave a comment on Hollywood's Most Overpaid Actors
Review: Music and Lyrics (2007)
Drew Barrymore and Hugh Grant in Music and Lyrics
The first months of the year are never known for delivering quality movies. Usually this isn't noticeable because the award season has every one's attention. Yet once the Oscars telecast ends, the lack of any decent movies becomes increasingly apparent. Music and Lyrics is one of the rare movies released during the January freeze that isn't complete crap.
Music and Lyrics, released on Valentine's Day, pairs up Hugh Grant and Drew Barrymore, two of the best romantic-comedy actors of the past 10 years.
Grant plays Alex Fletcher, a member of the former 80s pop band, POP!, who is receiving endless offers to appear on VH1 type shows (Battle of the Former 80s Stars, anyone?). He is then given an opportunity to write a song for the over-sexed newest pop sensation Cora Corman (Haley Bennett). The problem is, he's not that good at writing songs.
Enter Barrymore's character, Sophie Fisher, the woman hired to water his plants. She has a certain gift for writing catchy lyrics and soon a songwriting partnership is born. Of course, their budding romance will face pretty obvious challenges, but all in all, this is a cute and funny movie. Brad Garrett and Kristen Johnston provide extra laughs in their supporting roles as Alex's manager and Sophie's sister respectively.
If you need to relax for a while, go see Music and Lyrics. It may not be the greatest romantic comedy ever made, but it is certainly not a movie you would consider a waste of money and time if you did venture out to see it.
Updated Octoebr 15, 2010
Author JoannaPosted on March 9, 2007 March 14, 2011 Categories 2000s, Reviews, Romantic ComediesTags Drew Barrymore, Hugh Grant, Music and LyricsLeave a comment on Review: Music and Lyrics (2007)


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Decisive campaigns case blue
Opinion: Whitmer, Nessel choose green posture over blue collar
April 3, 2019 detroitnews Leave a Comment
opinion Jason Hayes and Morgan Shields Published 10:44 AM EDT Apr 6, 2019 In a string of early executive actions, the new administration of Gov. Gretchen Whitmer has taken steps that emphasize environmental posturing over the wealth and well-being of Michigan's working class voters. When looked at in terms of the blue/green divide — where loyalties to environmental activism conflict with traditional blue collar concerns — the Whitmer administration has clearly sided with green at the expense of blue. Two examples demonstrate this administration's policy focus: Attorney General Dana Nessel's recent ruling on the constitutionality of Public Act 359 of 2018 — the Line 5 law — and her decision on the 2015 Waters of the United States, or WOTUS rule. Nessel withdrew the state from the litigation that former Attorney General Bill Schuette had pressed against the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers over the 2015 version of the expansive federal … [Read more...] about Opinion: Whitmer, Nessel choose green posture over blue collar
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'I'll f***** rock this place', hating the colour blue and falling out with players
March 13, 2019 eadt Leave a Comment
PUBLISHED: 06:00 14 March 2019 Andy Warren Former Ipswich Town boss Roy Keane will return to Portman Road with Nottingham Forest this weekend. Picture: ARCHANT Archant Ahead of Roy Keane's return to Portman Road with Nottingham Forest on Saturday, ANDY WARREN looks at the former Ipswich boss's best quotes from his time in Suffolk. Keane, pictured at his first Ipswich Town press conference. Picture: PAKeane was appointed Ipswich Town boss in April 2009 in place of Jim Magilton.He won his first two games in charge at the end of the 2008/09 season but didn't win any of his first 14 games in charge the following season, with the Blues ultimately recovering to finish 15th.Things started much better the following season before a run of one win in nine league games saw him fired in January 2011.He spent significantly during his time at Portman Road on the likes of Lee Martin, Tamas Priskin and Grant Leadbitter but, writing in his updated … [Read more...] about 'I'll f***** rock this place', hating the colour blue and falling out with players
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Read Bernie Sanders' full speech from his first Iowa 2020 campaign rally
March 8, 2019 mysanantonio Leave a Comment
David Choi, provided by Published 11:10 pm CST, Thursday, March 7, 2019 Associated Press Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont headlined his first Iowa campaign rally of the 2020 presidential race on Thursday. Sanders spoke for nearly an hour at the rally, his third major campaign event since his rallies in Brooklyn, New York; and Chicago, Illinois. Iowa is a pivotal part of the nominating process. The Iowa caucuses are seen as a barometer for which candidates will stand out in the primary race. Read Sanders' full speech from Council Bluffs, Iowa: "Thank you all very much for being here tonight and thank you for being part of a political revolution which will transform America. Thank you for being part of a campaign which is not only going to win the Democratic nomination, which is not only going to defeat Donald Trump, the most dangerous president in modern American history, but with your help is going to transform this country and, finally, create an economy and … [Read more...] about Read Bernie Sanders' full speech from his first Iowa 2020 campaign rally
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Sear's Lampert becomes an issue in 2020 presidential campaign
Eddie Lampert, welcome to the 2020 campaign. Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, a possible Democratic presidential candidate, slammed Lampert in a letter dated Wednesday, citing the "inherent conflicts of interest'' in the hedge fund manager's takeover of bankrupt Sears Holdings Corp. Warren calling out a billionaire isn't necessarily surprising -- she's proposed a tax on the superwealthy and describes herself as a champion of America's middle class. What's unusual is that Lampert made saving thousands of jobs a centerpiece of his winning bid for parts of the 126-year-old retail icon.In the letter to Lampert, who ran the Hoffman Estates-based company until last year and remains its chairman, Warren questioned his "commitment to the company's employees given your history of slashing jobs."Sears "appears to be suffering from a unique set of problems as a result of your leadership -- and now it appears that the same company you brought to the brink of liquidation could be back in … [Read more...] about Sear's Lampert becomes an issue in 2020 presidential campaign
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The Best Campaign Money Can Buy
November 15, 2018 politico Leave a Comment
CHICAGO — To get a taste for the kind of campaign a record-shattering $171.5 million can buy, consider just one night in early October when billionaire J.B. Pritzker and Gov. Bruce Rauner squared off at a local television studio in the highest-profile debate of the race. A few blocks away, a full-force messaging machine was lying in wait.Story Continued Below Inside Pritzker's spacious campaign headquarters in downtown Chicago, 14 people crowded around a long conference room table, hanging on every word coming off the live TV event, waiting to pounce. "Pensions!" Galia Slayen, the Pritzker communications director and the night's traffic cop, called out. "Go!" With that, the machine whirred into action. One staffer pushed out an email with pension talking points to reporters across the state. Twitter accounts for Pritzker and staffers activated, drawing from a cache of 700 statements prewritten for social media, all printed across an Excel … [Read more...] about The Best Campaign Money Can Buy
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text:
Félix Brítez Román (né le  à Asuncion au Paraguay) est un joueur de football international paraguayen, qui évoluait au poste d'attaquant.

Biographie

Carrière en club

Il termine meilleur buteur du championnat du Paraguay en 1987.

Carrière en sélection

Avec l'équipe du Paraguay, il joue 16 matchs (pour 4 buts inscrits) entre 1988 et 1997.

Il figure dans le groupe des sélectionnés lors de la Copa América de 1989, où son équipe se classe quatrième.

Palmarès
 Cerro Porteño
 Championnat du Paraguay (4) :
 Champion : 1987, 1990, 1992 et 1998.
 Meilleur buteur : 1987 (11 buts).

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Asuncion
Naissance en mars 1967
Footballeur international paraguayen
Joueur du Cerro Porteño
Joueur du Sport Club Internacional
Joueur de l'Everton de Viña del Mar
Joueur du Deportivo Wanka