A little look at some of the Google updates of 2017, what they might mean for your website, and how this could impact 2018 and beyond.
The trouble with working in the marketing and media industry is that the year just seems to fly by – maybe because we are having too much fun – but mostly because we are always working ahead in order to meet our deadlines well in advance.
It's barely even September yet and already I am fed up of hearing about Christmas 2017 because it feels like it has been circulating on the marketing radar since way before we even packed away the tree from last Christmas.
Don't panic, I'm not about to drop the first instalment of Browser Media Christmas blog posts of 2017… not yet anyway. But, all of this C-word chit-chat has certainly had me thinking about what's happened so far this calendar year.
So, let's take a little look at some of the Google updates that have rolled out in 2017, what they might mean for our websites right now, and how this might impact things in 2018 and beyond.
As part of the movement toward a mobile first world, Google sent out a warning way back in August 2016 about the negative impact that intrusive interstitials (pop-ups) have on user experience (duh) and site load times. Those webmasters that ignored the warning started noticing changes to their rankings in January of this year.
"Starting today, pages where content is not easily accessible to a user on the transition from the mobile search results may not rank as high. As we said, this new signal is just one of hundreds of signals that are used in ranking and the intent of the search query is still a very strong signal, so a page may still rank highly if it has great, relevant content".
In February, SEOs started speculating that a major algorithm update was underway focussing on the way Google detects and discounts spammy links. This was neither confirmed nor denied by Google but for those naughty peeps who had previously taken part in aggressive, black hat link building techniques (tut tut tut) it seemed to hit real hard.
Around the same time, Google kicked up another storm for the eCommerce world… in the U.S. at least, with the launch of Google Express purchases. Through simply speaking a command to their Google Assistant device, consumers are able to make direct purchases from retailers. I am not in the U.S. and I don't have Google Assistant, but I'll take a strong black coffee if anyone is delivering?
March brought about big changes to the keyword bidding process within Adwords. Up until this point, close keyword variations had included: misspellings, singular forms, plural forms, acronyms, stemmings (such as floor and flooring), abbreviations, and accents; but Google removed this requirement, and in the world of PPC exact match no longer means exact match.
As the awesome blog post linked just above goes on to explain, Google then went a step further, expanding close variant matching to include any additional rewording and rewording for exact match keywords, stating that: "Early tests show advertisers may see up to 3% more exact match clicks on average while maintaining comparable clickthrough and conversion rates".
The month also brought about more algorithm update rumours after many reported witnessing huge drops in organic traffic levels. The industry dubbed this algorithm update "Fred". Although unconfirmed by Google, Fred did not mess about; he swooped right in and attacked those low-value content sites that appeared to be revenue focused rather than user centric. Some eyewitnesses describe him to look something like the image below, but again, the details are unconfirmed.
Google image search was transformed with the introduction of a "similar items" feature on mobile. The update uses clever AI tech to identify products within images, displaying an array of matched products to users so they can go on to browse the items and shop til they drop.
Store owners that want their products to show up in image searches and help to "make the web more shoppable" were instructed to update and optimise their schema markup. And it didn't matter how much time that took because around the same time, Adwords launched smart display campaigns – an update which automates the entire ad creation, design, bidding, and targeting processes.
In a bid to further balance publishers' needs with those of users, Google released two new updates to AdSense. Firstly, new technology enabled quicker removal of violating ads as well as preventing ads showing across inappropriate pages. Secondly, the launch of a new policy centre gave publishers instant access to everything they need to know about the actions they make that may affect their adverts, websites, and pages.
In May, Google also implemented location extensions onto YouTube ads including details about business location, opening hours, photos, and CTA buttons, which would all allow users to better investigate and react to ads.
SEOs were circulating more rumours of another "serious algorithm update" in late June. Unsurprisingly, it was neither confirmed nor denied by the Google gods. When challenged about fluctuations in rankings and traffic levels, John Mueller's feedback was quite simply "We make updates all the time".
What will the next Google update be?
When I set out writing this blog post, I thought I'd go right through to the present day, but I guess it actually makes more sense to wait and see what else Google does (or does not) have in store for us webmasters. So I'll update you all again in around 16 weeks' time when this year officially comes to an end.


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Kindly mention the fragrance required from above 4 to the creator at the time of buying.
use natural oils in our candles for you to have a calm session of aromatherapy with each illumination.
All our ingredients have an indigenous birth and we take special care to wrap them in elegant packaging with tons of love to embellish spaces with a sense of peace and beauty.
A part of the beauty associated with handcrafted products is its imperfection. Small lumps, bumps and sinks may be found in the candles. We believe that every small flaw gives our candle a soul and a unique character.
Some of the designs on the candle will cover 3/4th of the candle and not the entire circumference due to the design limitation.
How to care for your Hoola Candle ?
Always burn the candle away from any inflammable item, burning candles must be out of reach for children and domestic animals. Also, ensure that the burning candle is always attended to.
We use natural oils in every candle we make which is why, it could be vulnerable to internal chemical changes due to heat and light. Make sure you store them at a place that is cool and dry.
Each Hoola Candle is a hand-made product which also means that it is fragile. Ensure your candle does not fall down as it is likely to get a little damaged with each fall.
It is recommended to not burn a candle continuously for a period of 4 hours.
Cease the usage of the candle, after it reaches half an inch in size.
Hoola Candles was born with a passion for luxury handmade products, to light up homes with a sweet scent of happiness and the warmth endowed with the presence of beautiful candles.
These unique candles are hand-crafted for you with a whole lot of love, care and thought. All our ingredients have an indigenous birth and we take special care to ensure our product is delivered to you in beautiful packaging that embellish spaces with an overpowering sense of calm and peace.
To see Hoola Candles illuminate homes and become a staple in the households of the world with a focus on creating luxury aesthetically pleasing candles and an intent to bring back the elegance of hand-crafted candles using the traditional art of candle-making.
To provide a special and unique gifting experience to each and every one of our customers for all occasions with an aim to deliver value in terms of stunning customizations, quality and elegant packaging with a dash of fun and tons of hand-crafted love.
Founded in Bangalore with a deeply rooted love for hand-made products, our team focuses on creating artistic designs inspired by nature, colours and beautiful people like you.
sets for you to keep as memoirs for a lifetime.
Express shipping is available upon request and extra charges. To enquire kindly contact us.
The travel time of shipment can get affected due to unforeseen circumstances like a natural calamity, regional unrest, incompetency of Courier service etc. Creator or Fufuh is not to be blamed in such situation.
Same as Fufuh's Return Policy.


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Practice Giving
While OOH signage can raise awareness, direct mail is still a powerful form of communication for many nonprofit organizations.
By Howard Riell
Direct mail remains one of the most effective forms of communication for many nonprofit organizations, who use it for everything from branding and awareness-building to fundraising for programs and operations.
Printers can help their nonprofit customers send more effective direct-mail pieces and better serve their missions in a variety of ways: creative design, more diverse uses, better data, greater frequency, and — perhaps most important of all given the importance of the personal touch in philanthropy — improved communication with donors, including better storytelling.
Mike Barker, GM, U.S. Document; CIO for Mimeo in New York City, says he and his colleagues are also seeing an increase in direct-mail volumes among non-profit organizations. "Even though we live in a digital age, direct mail is starting to once again become a popular facet of marketing."
The uses of direct mail are increasing, Barker notes, as nonprofits, "are now brainstorming different content ideas to put in mailboxes all over the world. Whether it's a booklet of information, brochure of donation options, or personalized postcards, nonprofits now have plenty of options that put content directly in the hands of recipients."
Electronic media has slowed down the need and frequency for direct mail, according to Barker. "The simplicity that comes with sending an email compared to the complexities of writing, producing, and delivering direct mail is what has driven nonprofits in adapting to digital distribution." With more nonprofits transitioning to online distribution however, there is now, "a big opportunity for those using direct mail to take advantage of the chance to stand out from those with digital distribution models."
Direct mail has continued to grow steadily in recent years, agrees Lauren O'Connor, director of marketing for Primoprint in Huntersville, N.C. With technology increasingly serving as the primary means of delivery of events, retail sales, and product/services, direct mail enables businesses to target specific groups by having a tangible impact directly at the door.
"Growth has increased, and the number of uses has also shifted in how customers utilize direct mail," says O'Connor. There are many traditional mailers with coupons, offers, and other information, of course. "However local events and governments have used them for announcements, calendar dates, and notifications effectively. Direct mailers in this case effectively serve as a reminder to folks in their communities."
Now more than ever, direct mail has a stronger and more lasting impact on customers, O'Connor feels, as media increases communication delivery electronically. "It's easier to unsubscribe or ignore an email; it's not as easy with a direct mail piece. In general, we're receiving less direct mail in mailboxes, with an increase of time between mailers. In fact, technology has made it so that direct mail is a great way to reach customers. Effectively, it's created a resurgence in more traditional communications."
Storytelling for organizations has become the prominent focus on many direct mail pieces, O'Connor suggests. "Localized stories of those who live in the community are included with images, names. and sometimes their families, as well as what they do. It enables the organizations to better humanize themselves and their approach to outreach."
It also establishes validity, and provides credibility to an organization at a local level, she adds, including nonprofit goals and the fact that funds "won't be leaving a community, and will likely have an impact on members of neighbors close to them."
To that end, one of the most important services Primoprint offers is in-house design. Crafting a creative, thoughtful piece of direct mail is not an easy task, O'Connor emphasizes, and should be done in partnership. "Utilizing creative expertise for such an investment is paramount. Having designed thousands of pieces… we've seen it all, and are firm believers in working with our customers directly from the start in order to ensure they're proud of their direct mail."
Printers should always ensure the customer understands the process and the timing for both mailing and receiving direct mail pieces so they can plan accordingly, O'Connor cautions. "Many customers are not as familiar with the steps, with the U.S. Postal System, or how timing really can be everything."
O'Connor foresees that direct mail will continue to be a "great" growth opportunity for printers and nonprofits, "especially when applying them in a larger strategic integrated marketing plans. Local and national nonprofits can benefit from the printer's expertise when trying to finalize their goals for the direct mail piece itself and future mailings."
Better Stories
"We see a greater focus on communicating more frequently and telling better stories to illustrate the impact donations allow for the organization," says Denise Spalding, owner and president of HighNote in Louisville, Ky.
A report put out by the Giving USA Foundation that provides data, insights, and trends to inform fundraising strategies notes that for the first time in 2018, giving by individuals fell below 70% of overall giving for the first time since 1954. "With overall giving down and the baby-boomer generation shrinking," Spalding notes, "personalized direct mail is definitely growing and driving results."
Spalding sees the number of varied uses for direct mail increasing as well. "We see growth in the number of uses, including more frequent impact reports, appeals, gift acknowledgements, donor recruitment, and donor retention direct mail — all using personalization and dynamic graphics."
While some nonprofits have moved away from direct mail in favor of electronic media, knowing a particular donor's communication preferences is also critical.
For example, Spalding explains, eliminating printed newsletters and printed reply envelopes, "negatively impacted some of our nonprofit clients, and they have reactivated those print programs. We believe a comprehensive omni-channel approach is necessary. Direct mail is vital, trackable, and delivers results, and should be part of the communication strategies."
Printers, she feels, can help nonprofits design more effective direct mail pieces to better serve their missions by providing much-needed client education in the areas of how to use donor data to clone look-alike prospective donors, as well as how to use existing data to increase donation amounts. Spalding advises printers however, that when using confidential donor data, care has to be taken to ensure accuracy and confidentiality.
Generation X is smaller than the boomer generation, Spalding points out, and so offers fewer replacement donors. "I think there is an opportunity to prove the value of print in keeping donors connected to the cause, and to help increase donation amounts. There is an opportunity to cultivate small-dollar donors who will give year after year, promote monthly giving, and ask donors to give more and give monthly."
All of these areas, she concludes, can prove to be opportunities for printers to use their creativity to help solve a host of challenges now and in the years to come.
Direct mail "is looking to make a comeback," Barker points out, "meaning printers need to prepare and upgrade their production facilities to fit potential demand." Nonprofit direct mail remains focused on what is most relevant to recipients. By providing the right content at the right time, those that receive documents in their mailboxes will be more likely to donate or volunteer with a nonprofit organization.
"To help complement their initiatives," he adds, printers need to offer on-demand and offset printing for nonprofits that wish to take advantage of direct mail. "Having access to all types of vendors for various print jobs will keep nonprofits satisfied with their print providers, thus allowing for direct mail to have a bright future."
Denise Spalding
Lauren O'Connor
Howard Riell Author's page
Howard Riell is a veteran journalist who has written and edited for more than 200 business and consumer publications, national trade associations, advertising/PR agencies, newspapers, research firms, newsletters, non‑profit groups, e‑zines, blogs, manufacturers, and other clients across the country and abroad.
Aleyant Pressero Now Integrated with Parcelcast
Greenwell Chisholm to Celebrate 100 Years

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Friday 13th Jan 2023
Court Acquits Leaders Of Neo-Nazi Group
By ČTK
Prague, Sept 10 (CTK) – The Prague 1 district court halted the prosecution of eight leaders of the neo-Nazi National Resistance (NO) group three months ago, after an almost ten-year trial, daily Pravo writes today.
The men were staging marches paying respects to the members of the SS who died in World War Two, where fascism was promoted and the slogan "white power" was shouted.
The raid on them was the biggest operation against the ultra-right scene conducted by the UOOZ organised crime unit in the history of the Czech Republic.
Although the prosecution was halted, the case is not finished because two weeks ago, state attorney Zdenka Galkova filed a complaint about the ruling meted out by judge Dana Sindelarova.
In her verdict, Sindelarova primarily argued with the "inordinate length" of the prosecution. She also wrote that "the basic programme of the NO and all of its followers cannot be a priori considered neo-Nazi thinking."
She wrote that the movement was promoting the ideas of nationalism and it could not be placed in the context of a hateful ideology "just because of occasional excesses and a few scandals."
"Milada Horakova was a member of the Czech National Social Party. Does anyone dare to label her as a neo-Nazi just because of this name?" she asked in the ruling.
Horakova was a democratic politician who was executed by the Communist regime after a show trial in 1950.
Lawyer Klara Kalibova, who deals with the topic, said Sindelarova's ruling was a mockery of the efforts to suppress the extreme right.
Sindelarova went on to say that the fight against globalisation and multiculturalism was a frequent topic of many politically legitimate and active movements at present.
"The court is of the view that if everything with which the defendants were charged were to be punishable, many political entities would have to face a suspicion of the examined criminal activities," she added.
Sindelarova said this although the Interior Ministry had denoted the NO as a neo-Nazi movement, while the NO had a dominant position on the ultra-right scene.
In 2008 and 2009, when the deeds with which the NO was charged were committed, it was one of the most important Nazi organisations in the Czech Republic, Pravo writes.
The prosecutor described four deeds due to which the charges were filed. One of them was the organisation of a rally in June 2009. It was stopped right at the beginning since it turned out that paying respects to SS and Wehrmacht members was its real purpose, it adds.
In addition, NO members were pasting their promotion leaflets and staged neo-Nazi concerts, whose proceeds were to be spent on the support for prosecuted or convicted neo-Nazis.
"The NO is recognised as a hateful movement as a whole, it does not make sense to deal with its individuals," Kalibova wrote about the verdict to the paper.


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Tomy Ellis keeps his goal of starting school this year
By Madeleine Caccianiga
Ready to go: | Tomy Ellis, 4, will start at Shepparton's Verney Road School this year before his journey leads him to mainstream school.
Tomy Ellis, 4, will start school this year as planned after being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay aged two.
Diagnosed as an allergy sufferer at six weeks old, Violet Town's Paige Bannan said it was not until Tomy went to day care she sought a second opinion.
''We went to a paediatrician and it was all pretty fast from there; they said he was a pretty clean-cut case for autism,'' the mother-of-two said.
Tomy's condition meant all areas of development would be delayed.
''He started to speak a bit late, it wasn't too concerning — he was about 1 — but then after he started to say his first few words he actually went backwards and stopped speaking altogether,'' Ms Bannan said.
She said the big ''red flag'' was when Tomy could not cope socially with other children.
''He had no emotional regularity — he could not communicate at all, so by the time he was about 2 he knew what he wanted to achieve and he couldn't physically do it and then with his verbal delay he couldn't tell you what he wanted and it became really frustrating for him,'' Ms Bannan said.
Having a lot of trouble integrating into day care, Ms Bannan said Tomy was stuck inside himself for a while.
After they contacted Scope for extra help, Tomy learned to speak again at age three.
''We saw an occupational therapist and she came around to our house regularly and worked with him and in that time he started to talk again ... and then the middle of last year he started to speak more spontaneously,'' she said.
Ms Bannan said sending Tomy to Verney Road School's early education program helped keep her goal of him starting school at the normal age.
''I sent him to Verney Road and he couldn't walk up steps, he couldn't get in the car and he couldn't hold on to a spoon, he couldn't open anything. They just one by one ticked off our goals and showed him what to do.''
Still planning on enrolling Tomy into mainstream school, Ms Bannan said he had a bit more to learn before he could start.
''He'll hopefully next year go into repeat Prep and then the goal is to get him into a mainstream school when that opportunity arises,'' she said.
Verney Road foundation teacher Donna Allen said it was lovely to become part of a child's family.
''To watch them grow socially and academically after trying new experiences and activities — I am really excited about starting a new school year,'' Ms Allen said.
She said one of the best parts of being a teacher was learning about the children's likes and dislikes.
''We get to be part of so many wow moments and celebrate their achievements.''


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Fisiognomica is an album by Italian singer-songwriter Franco Battiato, released by EMI Music Italian in 1988.

The cover features  a photo of Battiato as an adolescent, when still living in Sicily. "L'Oceano di Silenzio" is an operatic song containing German text from Fleur Jaeggy's Wasserstatuen. "Veni l'autunnu" ("The Autumn Comes" in Sicilian) contains text both in Arabic and Sicilian, and is devoted to Battiato's homeland (which is also the inspiration of "Secondo imbrunire", meaning "Second Dusk"). Arabic lyrics are also contained in "Zai Saman". The title track is inspired to physiognomy theories.

"Nomadi" was written by Battiato's friend and 1970s collaborator Juri Camisasca, after his retirement in a Benedictine monastery. It was originally sung by Alice in her album Park Hotel (1986).

Track listing
 "Fisiognomica"
 "E ti vengo a cercare"
 "Veni l'autunnu"
 "Secondo imbrunire"
 "Nomadi"
 "Zai Saman"
 "Il mito dell'amore"
 "L'Oceano di Silenzio" - (from Fleur Jaeggy's Wasserstatuen)

Certifications

References

Franco Battiato albums
1988 albums
Italian-language albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WELCOME TO CONSOLIDATED COMMUNICATIONS
A leading broadband and business provider serving customers across a 23-state service area.
ABOUT CONSOLIDATED COMMUNICATIONS
Learn more about Consolidated with the latest news, and more.
We have an extensive fiber network, providing services in 23 states.
Learn more about current openings and joining the Consolidated Communications team.
Consolidated Communications is publicly traded on the NASDAQ as CNSL.
We are committed to making a difference in the communities we serve.
We are proud be responsible corporate citizens.
Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: CNSL) is a leading broadband and business communications provider serving consumers, businesses, and wireless and wireline carriers across rural and metro communities and a 23-state service area. Leveraging an advanced fiber network spanning 37,000 fiber route miles, Consolidated Communications offers a wide range of communications solutions, including: high-speed Internet, data, phone, security, managed services, cloud services and wholesale carrier solutions. From our first connection 125 years ago, Consolidated is dedicated to turning technology into solutions, connecting people and enriching how they work and live.
We are dedicated to turning technology into solutions, connecting people and enriching how our customers work and live. We pride ourselves on delivering a better experience by putting our customers' needs first; building a stronger community through employee volunteerism and company giving; and evolving and innovating to meet and exceed the needs and expectations of our customers.
Learn More About Our Vision, Mission & Values
An Experienced Team of 3,600
People make the difference at Consolidated Communications. Our team of 3,600 is dedicated to doing more for our customers. We are dedicated to listening to our customers and consistently meeting expectations with forethought and flexibility while delivering reliable services and exceptional customer service.
A Rich History of Stability and Innovation
125 years of serving our customers, we are a stable company that has innovated and diversified to meet our customers' growing needs.
Learn More About Our Rich History
$2 Million in Giving
In 2018, our giving totaled more than $2 million. Employees also volunteered thousands of hours of their time serving the community.
37,000 Fiber Route Miles
Our robust fiber network spans 37,000 route miles across 23 states, making us the ninth largest fiber provider in the country.


Patients who set up virtual visits with physicians through a website are experiencing varying qualities of care, according to research published in JAMA Internal Medicine.
New ways of consulting physicians will require new ways of regulating practices.
In a commercial virtual visit, patients use a website to request a live consultation with a doctor they have not met before. They will consult with the physician through a video conference, telephone or web chat.
Commercial virtual visit companies do not offer in-person care, but they are easy to access, especially for consultations about acute conditions.
They can be an attractive option for patients who have difficulty accessing conventional health care, such as primary care practices, retail clinics and urgent care centers.
In 2013, less than 50% of American adults were able to make an appointment with their physician on the same or the next day, and fewer than 40% had access to care outside regular hours, unless they went to the emergency department.
The number of companies offering commercial virtual visits has been expanding, and customers are increasingly willing to accept such care. One company states that over 6 million people use their services.
They predict that there will be 27 million video consultations in 2020.
One major insurer in the US now has its own virtual visit service, and, from 2010-2012, the number of large employers offering virtual visits increased threefold.
Concern for standards has caused some state medical boards to limit the ways in which virtual visits can be performed. Restrictions include only allowing telemedicine if there is an on-going physician-patient relationship. One authority requires the visit to be carried out by video conference, rather than web chat or telephone.
There are also questions regarding interstate virtual visits and which government agencies should oversee them.
How urgent the need for a regulatory framework is will depend on the extent to which the quality of care varies among companies offering virtual visits.
Dr. Adam J. Schoenfeld, of the University of California-San Francisco, and colleagues have been looking into the consistency of care accessed through virtual visits.
The team recruited 67 trained, standardized patients to approach eight virtual visit companies from May 2013-June 2014. The patients made 599 commercial virtual visits with 157 physicians specializing in internal medicine, emergency medicine and family practice.
Patients presented with one of six common acute conditions - low back pain, ankle pain, recurrent female urinary tract infection, streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), viral pharyngitis (a sore throat) and acute rhinosinusitis (sinus infection) - and participated in 372 videoconferences, 170 telephone consultations and 57 web chats.
The authors evaluated the completeness of the history and physical examinations, how correct the diagnosis was, and to what extent physicians followed relevant guidelines for managing the condition, for example, recommending tests or prescribing medication.
In 13.9% of visits, the physician referred patients to local, conventional health care providers.
Overall, results indicate variation regarding the completeness of the history and physical examination and accuracy of diagnosis. Consistency depended on the condition and the company consulted. For example, there was greater variation in consultations for viral pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis than for the other conditions.
The authors cite previous studies highlighting variation in traditional care settings, too, for example in failure to follow guidelines.
Limitations include the fact that not all virtual visit companies were included, and the sample size was relatively small.
"We found a significant variation cross companies and by condition. The patterns of variation we observed imply an opportunity to improve and point toward approaches to determine how to make these improvements."
In a linked comment, Dr. Jeffrey A. Linder and Dr. David M. Levine, of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA, note that health care is undergoing rapid organizational shifts and changes in financing, giving rise to "growing pains."
They say the high variability and lack of co-ordination seen in this study constitute "low-value care."
High-value care, they say, is "flexible (online, telephone, in-person and emergent), coordinated, longitudinal and proactive based on strong relationships with a primary care team," and it will be the hallmark of mature health care communication technology.
Medical News Today reported recently on how mHealth solutions are revolutionizing patient care.
Variation in quality of urgent health care provided during commercial virtual visits, Adam J. Schoenfeld et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.8248, published 4 April 2016.
Health care communication technology and improved access, continuity and relationships, invited commentary, the revolution will be uberized, Jeffrey A. Linder, JAMA Internal Medicine, doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0692, published 4 April 2016.
JAMA news release, accessed 4 April 2016.
Additional source: Forbes, Doctors' virtual consults with patients to double by 2020, accessed 4 April 2016.
Brazier, Yvette. "Virtual consultations vary in quality of care." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 4 Apr. 2016. Web.


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Security assessments and site security audits
We deliver actionable, intelligence-led security assessments to help our clients understand risks affecting their physical assets, including worksites, accommodation, and operational security measures in place at any given location.
Our team of expert security advisors and site security specialists is on hand to assess risks in line with industry best practices and internationally recognised audit standards to meet client requirements. We can deliver one-off site security assessments, or structure a programme of ongoing audits and continual improvement to ensure security standards over time.
Our approach to security is holistic and client-focused, and underpinned by the highest standards of quality and compliance. This approach allows us to bring decades of hostile environment security experience to help our clients operate safely, sustainably and securely.
Understand risks, vulnerabilities and areas for improvement
Address gaps, improve processes and infrastructure
Maintain a best-in-class security risk management strategy
Our site security specialists, and technical security consultants are fully supported by an experienced and diverse team from our UK and Singapore offices, to develop security and safety standards at our clients projects, worksites, accommodation and office facilities.
This includes support from our in-house intelligence, award-winning training and 24/7 operations teams providing logistics support, tracking and planning assistance for overseas projects.
Contact us to learn more about our experience, and how we help people understand, plan for and mitigate long-term risks in remote locations and worksites anywhere in the world.
Get started - schedule an assessment
Vulnerability assessments, site security audits
We have a strong track record of working closely with our clients, to help them understand their exposure to security threats in a particular location.
Criticality of people, assets, information and equipment
Inspections of physical security vulnerabilities, access control and security infrastructure
Operational security processes, staff training and security strategy
Contingencies, evacuation and crisis management planning
Technical security assessments and security design
Our team of technical security consultants are specialists in assessing, upgrading or designing best-in-class security systems, tailored to the requirements of the site.
Security design and engineering consultancy
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Integrated electronic systems including CCTV and access control
Advice on technical security equipment standards, procurement and installation
Site security plans and security management
Our team of security consultants create, review and improve site security plans for our clients to ensure processes and procedures, staffing and physical security measures are robust, and effective to successfully mitigate risks faced in any location:
Project or site-specific audit or design of security plans and procedures
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Ongoing support, advice and periodic inspections or audits
AKE's site security services are tailored to each project. For details, pricing options and to learn more about our approach please contact us.


The Brand Strategy Canvas removes the guesswork from developing a brand strategy. Here are a handful of tips that will help your team get the most of the Canvas.
Like any process, the tool itself useless without deliberate and thoughtful effort. Done casually, the canvass could be completed in as little as 5 minutes. But it's not a race. If you want results that are true and actionable, you and your team must be willing to ask hard questions, push your assumptions, and move past the obvious.
Startups are naturally collaborative, so the the tendency will be for everyone to work on the canvas together. That's okay, but it's not the whole story. In our experience, the best work is down when you work as a group to discuss big ideas and general direction, then send everyone to work on their own. After everyone has had time to work through the canvas individually, only then should the group come together to compare notes. There are a couple reasons for this.
For one, you'll be surprised how different each team member's canvas will be. It's common that a team will say "We've got a pretty good handle on our brand. We're all on the same page." But after comparing canvases, it becomes clear that there's a lot divergence in critical areas of the startup's brand strategy.
Additionally, working alone during the exploratory stage of the creative process is simply good practice. In a group discussion, it's impossible to achieve deep focus, think intently, and explore the facets of a particular direction. Once everyone has spent some time in solo exploration, you'll find that the group discussion is more informed and more fruitful.
Since the notion of "brand" is abstract and esoteric, people love to talk about branding. It's easy, even fun, to talk about big ideas. But simply discussing leaves plenty of wiggle room in your execution. Specificity is where the power lies. The canvas asks you to commit to specific choices about who you are and how you fit into the world. The simple act of writing it down forces you and your team to explore concrete examples of how those choices affect your brand.
The canvas is meant to be printed, reworked, and reprinted. Try different angles in the positioning statement, and explore how the various elements interact. Hang prior versions on the wall to gain an understanding of how your thinking has evolved and become increasingly focused.
These are just a few tips to get you started. For a 40-minute walk-thru of the Brand Strategy Canvas, checkout our workshop video.


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\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Since the Green function or propagator of the wave equation was
introduced to calculate the scattering matrix by
St\"uckelberg\cite{1} and Feynman\cite{2}, it has become an
important tool of quantum field theory\cite{3,4}. Green function
is also a useful tool for asymptotic analysis and $L^\infty$
estimation of fields. The Feynman propagators are in the form of
Fourier integrals with the fields being approximately treated as
plane wave. In some old textbooks\cite{5,6}, the explicit Green
functions of the wave equations were expressed by Bessel function.
In this pedagogical paper, we restudy this problem in detail. We
derive the Green functions of the Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac
equation as normal functions, and express the general solutions of
the field equations in integral form, then use this form to
estimate the decay rate of the linear fields.

The main motivation of this paper is to show that, (1). the
solutions of field equation expressed by Green function are more
naturally and visually display the correlation of fields than
differential equations, and the expression of integral form are
more flexible and comprehensive. This feature of the expression
enables us to elevate it as a postulate for unified field theory.
(2). The estimation of decay rate of linear fields shows that, the
linear field theory is not complete enough to describe the
stability of the fundamental particles, A whole theory of the
matter world should include nonlinear interaction.

\section{Preparation}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

In this paper we only consider the distribution defined in
$R_+ =[0,+\infty)$. By straightforward calculation, we have

{\bf Lemma} 1. {\em For $p\in R_+$, in the sense of distribution
we have
\begin{equation}
\frac 2 \pi \int_{R_+} \frac {\sin px} x dx =H(p),\qquad \frac 2
\pi \int_{R_+} {\cos px} dx =\delta(p), \label{2.1} \end{equation}
where $H(p)$ is the Heaviside function, and $\delta(p)$ is the
Dirac-$\delta$}
\begin{equation}
H(p)=\left\{\begin{array} {ll}
1,~~p>0 \\
0,~~p=0,
\end{array}\right.
\quad \delta(p)=H'(p). \label{2.2}  \end{equation} By Laplace
transformation, we can check

{\bf Proof}. Denote $\widetilde f(p)=\int_{R^+}\cos(px)dx$, for any
$f(p)\in C^\infty_c(R_+)$, we have
$$\begin{array}{lll}
\langle f,\widetilde f\rangle&\equiv& \int_{R^+}f(p)\cos(px)dx dp\\
&=& \lim_{T\to\infty}\int_{R^+}f(p)dp\int^T_0\cos(px)dx=
\lim_{T\to\infty}\int_{R^+}f(p)\frac {\sin(pT)}{p} dp\\
&=&\lim_{T\to\infty}\int_{R^+}f(\frac \tau{T})\frac
{\sin(\tau)}{\tau} d\tau=\frac \pi 2 f(0).\end{array}
$$
So we get $\frac 2 \pi \int_{R_+} {\cos px} dx =\delta(p)$. Similarly
we can check the other equations.

{\bf Lemma} 2. {\em In the sense of distribution, we have
\begin{equation}
I(p)\equiv \frac 2 \pi \int^\infty_1 \frac {\sin p\tau}
{\sqrt{\tau^2-1}}d\tau=J_0(p)H(p), \label{2.3} \end{equation}
where $J_n(p)~(n=0,1,2,\cdots)$ is the Bessel function}
\begin{equation}
J_n(p)=\frac 1
{2\pi}\int^{\pi}_{-\pi}\cos(p\sin\theta-n\theta)d\theta=\sum^\infty_{k=0}
\frac {(-1)^k}{k!(k+n)!}\left( \frac p 2 \right)^{2k+n}.
\label{2.4}\end{equation}

{\bf Lemma} 3.  {\em Suppose $m>0$. Let  $w=\sqrt{m^2+p^2}$ and
\begin{equation}
K_1(t,r)=\frac 1 r \int^\infty_0 \frac p w \sin wt \sin pr dp,
\label{2.5}\end{equation} then in the sense of distribution, we
have
\begin{equation}
K_1 (t,r)= \frac {\pi m^2}{2\rho}[J_0 (\rho)\delta(\rho)-J_1
(\rho)H(\rho)],~~ \rho \equiv m \sqrt{t^2-r^2}
\label{2.6}\end{equation}}

{\bf Proof}.  Let
\begin{equation}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
w=m \cosh z,~~~p=m\sinh z,\\
t=\frac \rho m \cosh \xi,~~~ r=\frac \rho m \sinh \xi,
\end{array}\right.
\label{2.8}\end{equation} then we have
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{lll}
K_1 & =&\frac {m}{2\rho \sinh \xi}\int^\infty_{-\infty}
{\rm th} z\cdot \frac 1 2 [\cos(wt-pr)-\cos(wt+pr)] dp \\
& =&\frac {m^2}{4\rho\sinh\xi}\int^\infty_{-\infty}\sinh z
[\cos\left(\rho\cosh(z-\xi)\right)-\cos\left(\rho\cosh(z+\xi)\right)]dz \\
& =&\frac {m^2}{4\rho\sinh\xi}\int^\infty_{-\infty}\cos(\rho\cosh
s)[\sinh(s+\xi)
-\sinh(s-\xi)]ds \\
& =&\frac {m^2}\rho \int^\infty_0\cos(\rho\cosh s)\cosh sds\\
&=&\frac {m^2}{\rho} \int^\infty_1 \cos(\rho\tau)\frac \tau
{\sqrt{\tau^2-1}} d\tau=\frac{\pi m^2}{2\rho} I'(\rho),\end{array}
\nonumber \end{equation} where $I$ is defined by (\ref{2.3}). By
$J_0'=-J_1$, we prove the lemma.

The following lemmas can be checked directly.

{\bf Lemma}  4. {\em For all real vector $\vec p=(p_1,p_2,p_3)$,
denote $p=\sqrt{p_1^2+p_2^2+p_3^2}$ and
\begin{equation}
B_1(\vec p)=\frac 1 {\sqrt{2p}}
    \left(\matrix{\frac {p_1-ip_2}{\sqrt{p-p_3}} & \ -\frac {p_1+ip_2}{
    \sqrt{p+p_3}}\cr\ \sqrt{p-p_3} & \sqrt{p+p_3} }\right),~~
\label{2.9}\end{equation} then  $B_1$ is a unitary matrix
satisfiing
\begin{equation}
B_1^{-1}=B_1^+, ~~B_1^{-1}\vec \sigma\cdot\vec p B_1=p\sigma_3,
\label{2.10}\end{equation} where $\vec \sigma$ are Pauli's matrices}.

{\bf Lemma}  5. {\em $B_1$ is defined by (\ref{2.9}), denote
\begin{equation}
\Theta=m\gamma  +\vec\alpha\cdot\vec p,\quad B_2=\mbox {diag}(B_1,B_1),
\label{2.11}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\gamma =\left(\matrix {I & 0\cr 0 & -I}\right),\qquad \vec \alpha=
\left( \matrix{0 & \vec \sigma \cr \vec \sigma & 0} \right),
\label{2.12}\end{equation} then we have
\begin{equation}
B_2^{-1}\Theta B_2=m\gamma +p\alpha_3. \label{2,13}\end{equation}}

{\bf Lemma}  6. {\em Let $w=\sqrt{m^2+p^2}$,
\begin{equation}
B_3=\frac 1 {\sqrt{2w}} \left(\matrix{\frac p {\sqrt{w-m}} & 0 &
\frac {-p} {\sqrt{w+m}} & 0\cr 0 & \frac {-p} {\sqrt{w-m}} & 0 &
\frac p {\sqrt{w+m}} \cr \sqrt{w-m} & 0 & \sqrt{w+m} & 0\cr 0 &
\sqrt{w-m} & 0 &\sqrt{w+m}}\right), \label{2.14}\end{equation}
then we have
\begin{equation}
B_3^{-1}(m\gamma +p\alpha_3)B_3=w\gamma . \label{2.15}\end{equation}}

{\bf Lemma} 7. {\em Let $Q=B_2B_3$, then
\begin{equation}
\Theta=wQ\gamma Q^{-1}~~{\rm or}~~Q^{-1}\Theta Q=w\gamma ,
\label{2.16}\end{equation} where all parameters are defined as
above.}

\section{The Green functions of field equations}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

(F1). For the initial value problem of the Klein-Gordon equation
\begin{equation}
\partial_t^2 u=\Delta u-m^2 u,~~{\mbox{with}}~~ u(0,\vec
x)~~{\mbox{and}}~~ u_t(0,\vec x), \label{3.1}\end{equation} the
formal solution represented by the Green function is given by
\begin{equation}
u(t,\vec x)=\int _{R^3}[K(t,\vec r)u(0,\vec y)+G(t,\vec
r)u_t(0,\vec y)]d^3y, \label{3.2}\end{equation} where $\vec r=\vec
x-\vec y$.

{\bf Lemma}  8. {\em In the sense of distribution, for (3.2) we
have}
\begin{equation}
G(t,\vec r)=\frac 1 {2\pi^2 r}\int^\infty_0 \frac p w \sin wt \sin
pr dp, \label{3.3}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
K(t,\vec r)=\partial_t G=\frac 1 {2\pi^2 r}\int^\infty_0 p \cos wt \sin
pr dp. \label{3.4}\end{equation}

{\bf Proof}.  Denote $u(0,\vec x)=\phi(\vec x),~u_t(0,\vec
x)=\psi(\vec x)$, Make Fourier transformation to (3.1), we get
\begin{equation}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
\frac {d^2} {dt^2}\widetilde u=-(p^2+m^2)\widetilde u=-w^2 \widetilde u, \\
\widetilde u(0,\vec p)=\widetilde \phi(\vec p),\quad \widetilde u'(0,\vec p)=\widetilde \psi(\vec p),
\end{array}\right.
\label{3.5}\end{equation} where
\begin{equation}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
\widetilde u(t,\vec p)=\frac 1 {\sqrt{(2\pi)^3}}\int_{R^3}u(t,\vec y)e^{-\vec y
\cdot \vec p i}d^3 y,\\
u(t,\vec x)=\frac 1 {\sqrt{(2\pi)^3}}\int_{R^3}\widetilde u (t,\vec p)e^{\vec x
\cdot \vec p i}d^3 p,
\end{array}\right.
\label{3.6}\end{equation} and so on. The solution of (3.5) is
given by
\begin{equation}
\widetilde u=\cos wt \widetilde\phi+\frac 1 w \sin wt \widetilde \psi.
\label{3.7}\end{equation} Substituting (3.7) into (3.6), we get
\begin{equation}
G(t,\vec r)=\frac 1 {(2\pi)^3}\int_{R^3}\frac 1 w \sin wt e^{(\vec
x-\vec y) \cdot \vec p i}d^3 p, \label{3.8}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
K(t,\vec r)=\frac 1 {(2\pi)^3}\int_{R^3}\cos wt e^{(\vec x-\vec y)
\cdot \vec p i}d^3 p=\partial_t G, \label{3.9}\end{equation} Let $\vec
r\cdot \vec p=pr\cos \theta$, integrating (3.8) and (3.9) in the
spherical coordinate system proves the lemma.

By Lemma 3 and (3.3), we get

{\bf Lemma}  9. {\em Let $\rho=m\sqrt{t^2-r^2}$, then we have
\begin{equation}
G(t,\vec r)=\frac m
{4\pi\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}[J_0(\rho)\delta(\rho)-J_1(\rho)H(\rho)],
\label{3.11}\end{equation}}

By Lemma 9, we have

{\bf Theorem} 1. {\em The solution of (3.1) can be expressed by
the following integrals
\begin{equation}
u(t,\vec x)=u_0(t,\vec x)-u_1(t,\vec x),
\label{3.12}\end{equation} where $u_0$ is the solution for the
case $m=0$,
\begin{equation}
u_0=\partial_t\left( \frac 1 {4\pi t}\int_{r=t}\phi(\vec y)dS_y\right)+
 \frac 1 {4\pi t}\int_{r=t}\psi(\vec y)dS_y ,
\label{3.13}\end{equation} $S_y$ stands for the surface $r=t$,}
\begin{equation}
u_1=\partial_t\left( \frac m {4\pi}\int_{r<t}\frac {J_1(\rho)}
{\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}\phi(\vec y)d^3y \right)+ \frac m
{4\pi}\int_{r<t}\frac {J_1(\rho)} {\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}\psi(\vec y)d^3
y. \label{3.14}\end{equation}

{\bf Proof}.  For simple, we set $\phi=0$. Then by Lemma 8 and 9, we have
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{lll}
u(t,\vec x)
& =&\frac 1 {4\pi}\int_{r<t}\frac m {\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}
[J_0\delta(\rho)-J_1H(\rho)]\psi(\vec y)d^3 y \\
& =&\frac 1 {4\pi}\int^t_0\frac m {\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}J_0\delta(\rho)r^2dr
\int^\pi_0\sin\theta d\theta\int^{2\pi}_0 \psi d\varphi-u_1(t,\vec x)\\
& =&\frac 1 {4\pi}\int^t_0 r d(-m\sqrt{t^2-r^2})J_0\delta(\rho)
\int^\pi_0\sin\theta d\theta\int^{2\pi}_0 \psi d\varphi-u_1(t,\vec x)\\
& =&\frac t {4\pi}\int^\pi_0\sin\theta d\theta\int^{2\pi}_0 \psi(r=t) d\varphi
-u_1(t,\vec x).
\end{array}\end{equation}
The proof is finished.

(F2). For the Dirac equation
\begin{equation}
\partial_t \psi=-\vec\alpha\cdot\nabla\psi-m\gamma i\psi,~~ {\mbox{with}}~~
\psi(0,\vec x)=\phi(\vec x), \label{4.1}\end{equation} by Fourier
transformation we get

{\bf Lemma} 10. {\em The formal solution of (\ref{4.1}) is given
by
\begin{equation}
\psi(t, \vec x)=\int_{R^3}A(t,\vec x-\vec y)\phi(\vec y)d^3 y,
\label{4.2}\end{equation} where
\begin{equation}
A(t,\vec r)=-\frac {im\gamma }{2\pi^2}K_1+\frac 1 {2\pi^2} \partial_t K_1+
\frac 1 {2\pi^2}\vec \alpha \cdot \nabla K_1, \label{4.3}\end{equation}
and $\nabla=(\partial_{y_1},\partial_{y_2},\partial_{y_3})$, $K_1(t, r)$ is defined
by (\ref{2.5}) or (\ref{2.6}).}

{\bf Proof.} By Fourier transformation we will get
\begin{equation}
A(t,\vec r) = \frac 1 {8\pi^3}\int _{R^3}e^{-(\Theta t -\vec
r\cdot\vec p)i}d^3p, \label{4.4}\end{equation} where $\Theta=m\gamma
+\vec \alpha\cdot\vec p$. By Lemma 5 and 7, we have
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{lll}
e^{-\Theta ti}
& =&\exp(-iwtQ\gamma  Q^{-1}) =Qe^{-w\gamma  ti} Q^{-1}\\
& =&\cos wt -i\sin wt Q\gamma  Q^{-1}\\
& =&\cos wt -i\sin wt (m\gamma  +\vec \alpha\cdot\vec p),
\end{array}\end{equation}
Substituting it into (\ref{4.4}) we have
\begin{equation}
A(t,\vec r)=\frac 1 {8\pi^3}\int_{R^3}[\cos wt -i\sin wt (m\gamma
+\vec \alpha\cdot\vec p)]e^{\vec r\cdot\vec p i}d^3p.
\label{4.5}\end{equation} Denote
\begin{equation}
\vec r=r(\sin\theta_1\cos\varphi_1,\sin\theta_1\sin\varphi_1,\cos\theta_1),
\label{4.6}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
T=\left(\matrix{\cos\theta_1\cos\varphi_1 & \cos\theta_1\sin\varphi_1 &
-\sin\theta_1\cr -\sin\theta_1\sin\varphi_1 & \sin\theta_1\cos\varphi_1 & 0\cr
\sin\theta_1\cos\varphi_1 & \sin\theta_1\sin\varphi_1 & \cos\theta_1 }\right),
\label{4.7}\end{equation} then
\begin{equation}\vec r=r(0,0,1)T.
\label{4.8}\end{equation} Making transformation
\begin{equation}
\vec p=\vec k T,\quad \vec
k=k(\sin\theta\cos\varphi,\sin\theta\sin\varphi,\cos\theta),
\label{4.9}\end{equation} substituting (\ref{4.8}) and (\ref{4.9})
into (\ref{4.5}) we have
\begin{equation}
\vec\alpha\cdot\vec p=(\beta_1\cos\varphi+\beta_2\cos\varphi)k\sin\theta+\frac {\vec
\alpha\cdot \vec r} r k\cos\theta,\nonumber \end{equation} where
$\beta_1,~\beta_2$ are constant matrices, $ \vec r\cdot\vec
p=rk\cos\theta$,
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{ll}
A(t,\vec r)=\frac 1 {4\pi^2}\int^\infty_0 k^2 dk\int^\pi_0\sin\theta
[\cos wt-\frac i w \sin wt(m\gamma+\frac{\vec \alpha\cdot\vec r} r
k\cos\theta)]e^{ikr\cos\theta} d\theta.\end{array}
\label{4.10}\end{equation} Integrating (\ref{4.10}) with respect
to $\theta$ gives (\ref{4.3}).

By Lemma 3 and 10, we have

{\bf Theorem} 2. {\em The solution of (\ref{4.1}) can be expressed
by
\begin{equation}
\psi(t,\vec x)=\psi_0(t,\vec x)-\psi_1(t,\vec x),
\label{4.11}\end{equation} where}
\begin{equation}
\psi_0=\partial_t\left( \frac 1 {4\pi t}\int_{r=t}\phi(\vec y)dS_y\right)-
 \frac 1 {4\pi t}\int_{r=t}(m\gamma  i+\vec\alpha\cdot\nabla)\phi(\vec y)dS_y ,
\nonumber \end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\psi_1=\partial_t\left( \frac m {4\pi}\int_{r<t}\frac
{J_1(\rho)\phi(\vec y)} {\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}d^3y \right)- \frac m
{4\pi}\int_{r<t}\frac {J_1(\rho)} {\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}(m\gamma
i+\vec\alpha\cdot\nabla)\phi(\vec y)d^3 y. \nonumber \end{equation}

\section{The decay rate of the linear fields}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Now we use (\ref{3.12}) and (\ref{4.11}) to estimate the decay of
the solutions. In \cite{7,8}, for wave equation we have

{\bf Theorem} 3. {\em Suppose $\phi\in W^{n+3,1}(R^3),~\psi\in
W^{n+2,1}(R^3)$, then the solution of
\begin{equation}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
(\partial_t^2-\Delta) u=0,\\
u(0,\vec x)=\phi,~~\partial_t u(0,\vec x)=\psi,
\end{array}\right.
\label{5.1}\end{equation} has the following decay estimate
\begin{equation}
||u(t,\cdot)||_{W^{n,\infty}(R^3)}\le \frac C
{1+t}(||\phi||_{W^{n+3,1}(R^3)} +||\psi||_{W^{n+2,1}(R^3)}),~(n\ge
0), \label{5.2}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
||\partial_t u(t,\cdot)||_{W^{n-1,\infty}(R^3)}\le \frac C
{1+t}(||\phi||_{W^{n+3,1}(R^3)} +||\psi||_{W^{n+2,1}(R^3)}),~(n\ge
1), \label{5.3}\end{equation} where $C$ always stands for a
positive constant independent of $\phi,~\psi$.}

For the Klein-Gordon equation (\ref{3.1}), we have the following
estimation.

{\bf Theorem} 4. {\em Suppose $\phi\in W^{3,1}(R^3),~\psi\in
W^{2,1}(R^3)$, then the solution of (\ref{3.1}) has the following
decay estimate}
\begin{equation}
|u(t,\vec x)|\le \frac C {\sqrt{1+t}}(||\phi||_{W^{3,1}(R^3)}
+||\psi||_{W^{2,1}(R^3)}). \label{5.4}\end{equation}

{\bf Proof}.  By theorem 3, we have
\begin{equation}
|u_0 (t,\vec x)|\le \frac C {1+t} (||\phi||_{W^{3,1}(R^3)}
+||\psi||_{W^{2,1}(R^3)}), \label{5.5}\end{equation} where $u_0$
is defined by (\ref{3.13}). Let
\begin{equation}
v(t,\vec x)=\int _{r<t} \frac {J_1(\rho)}{\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}\psi(\vec
y) d^3y. \label{5.6}\end{equation} Since $|J_1|<1$, for case
$t<1$, we have
\begin{equation} \begin{array}{lll}
|v(t,\vec x)|& =& \left | \int^t_0 \frac{r^2 J_1}{\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}dr\int_\Omega d\Omega
\int^\infty_r \partial_s\psi ds \right |\\
 &\le& C \int^1_0 \frac {dr}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\int_{R^3}|\nabla\psi| d^3y\le
C||\nabla\psi||_{L^1 (R^3)},\end{array} \label{5.7}\end{equation}
where $d\Omega=\sin\theta d\theta d\varphi$. For $t\ge 1$, we have
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{lll}
|v(t,\vec x)|
& =& \left|\left( \int^{t-\frac 1 2}_0 +\int ^t_{t-\frac 1 2} \right)\left(
\frac {r^2 J_1dr}{\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}\int_\Omega\psi(\vec y)d\Omega\right)\right|\\
& \le& \frac C {\sqrt{t^2-(t-\frac 1 2)^2}}\int_{R^3}|\psi|d^3y+\left|
\int^t_{t-\frac 1 2}\frac {r^2 J_1 dr}{\sqrt{(t+r)(t-r)}}\int_\Omega d\Omega\int^
\infty_r\partial_s\psi ds\right|\\
& \le& \frac C{\sqrt t }\left( ||\psi||_{L^1 (R^3)}+
\int^t_{t-\frac 1 2}\frac {dr}{\sqrt{t-r}}\int_{R^3}|\nabla\psi|d^3y\right)\le\frac
C {\sqrt{t}}||\psi||_{W^{1,1}(R^3)}.
\end{array}\end{equation}
Combine it with (\ref{5.7}), we get
\begin{equation}
|v(t,\vec x)|<\frac C {\sqrt{1+t}}||\psi||_{W^{1,1}(R^3)}.
\label{5.9}\end{equation} Similarly, we have
\begin{equation}
\left|\partial_t\int_{r<t}\frac {J_1(\rho)}{\sqrt{t^2-r^2}}\phi(\vec y)
d^3y\right| <\frac C{\sqrt{1+t}}||\phi||_{W^{2,1}(R^3)}.
\label{5.10}\end{equation} The theorem holds by (\ref{5.5}),
(\ref{5.9}) and (\ref{5.10}).

Considering linear the Dirac equation also satisfies the
Klein-Gordon equation (\ref{3.1}), so we have

{\bf Corollary} 5. {\em For Dirac equation (\ref{4.1}), we have
the following estimation
\begin{equation}
|\psi(t,\vec x)|<\frac C {\sqrt{1+t}}||\phi||_{W^{3,1}(R^3,C^4)}.
\label{5.11}\end{equation}}

\section{Discussion and conclusion}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

From Theorem 2 we learn that, the solution of a physical field
{\bf system} of the first order equation $u(t,\vec x)=(u_1, u_2
\cdots u_n)^T$ can be generally expressed by the following
functional
\begin{equation}
G(u(x,t))=\int^t_{t_0}d\tau\int_{\Omega(\tau)}(F+\vec K\cdot
\nabla_{\xi} u)d\xi, \label{d1}
\end{equation}
where $G(u)$ is an invertible and differentiable function group of
$u_k(x,t)$, $t_0$ is any given time less then $t$, $\cup_{\tau\in
[t_0,t)}\Omega(\tau)$ is the dependent domain of $u(x,t)$,
\begin{equation}
F=F(u(\xi,\tau),v(\xi,\tau),\xi,\tau,x,t,t_0), ~~~ \vec K=\vec
K(u(\xi,\tau),v(\xi,\tau),\xi,\tau,x,t,t_0), \label{d2}
\end{equation}
all the elements of the group $F$ and the vector matrices $\vec K$
are normal functions of $u$ and $v$. $v$ denotes the interaction
of the {\bf environment}. The physical meaning of (\ref{d1}) is
that, the present state of the system is simply determined by its
history and {\bf interaction}. Combined with the principle of
limited light velocity, Eq.(\ref{d1}) inversely implies the first
order field equation
\begin{equation}
A^\mu\partial_\mu u= f(u,v). \label{d3}
\end{equation}
The reason to choose (\ref{d1}) instead of (\ref{d3}) as postulate
to describe the field system is that, (\ref{d1}) is more flexible
and comprehensive, and its visual physical meaning can be
understood by a farm folk\cite{9,10}.

By (\ref{5.11}) we learn that, the solution of a linear wave
equation will inescapably decay to zero. To explain the stability
of the fundamental particles, a complete theory should include
nonlinear Dirac equations\cite{11,12}.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
The author is grateful to Prof. Hao Wang and  Mr. Rong Jiao for
technical treatment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Arlan Atkins, 45, of Owyhee, Nevada, passed away in Owyhee on Sunday, July 23, 2017. Arrangements are under the direction of Rost Funeral Home, McMurtrey Chapel, in Mountain Home.
Daniel Sidney Smith, 32, of Owyhee, Nevada passed away in Owyhee on Thursday, July 27, 2017. Arrangements are under the direction of Rost Funeral Home, McMurtrey Chapel, in Mountain Home.
Donald Lee Adams, 77, of Mountain Home, passed away at Country Living of Mountain Home, on Monday, July 31, 2017. Arrangements are under the direction of Rost Funeral Home, McMurtrey Chapel, located at 500 North 18th East St., in Mountain Home.
George Robert Jones, 47, of Owyhee, Nevada passed away at a hospital in Elko, Nevada on Thursday, July 27, 2017. Arrangements are under the direction of Rost Funeral Home, McMurtrey Chapel, in Mountain Home.


The growing needs for quality in education had forced institutions of higher learning (IHL) to become more competitively responsible. In order to response to this competitive environment, IHL must adopt the most suitable performance measurement system in measuring their performances. The adoption of strategic performance measurement system would help IHL to realize significant cost saving, improve personal satisfactions and enhance organisational performances. Based on previous studies, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is widely used as a strategic performance system in business sector, but few studies have reported BSC adoption in the education sector. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of the adoption of BSC in assessing academicians' performances in a selected IHL. This study focus on the leadership support and importance of academic qualifications in enhancing performance of academician and the university. Data were collected through survey questionnaire distributed to 70 academicians at the selected university. The survey resulted into 78.57% usable response rate. The descriptive results of this study revealed that the majority of academicians' at the university extensively agree that the measurement used in the BSC which comprised of both financial and non-financial measurement are effective in assessing academicians' performances. The findings from this study have advanced the literature on BSC in the education sector as well as, provided a better understanding of BSC as the performance measurement tool in assessing academicians' performance.


If you are twenty-something years old, and you are new to the world of investing, this book is for you. This is not just an informative book on bonds, stocks and mutual funds, but it is also fun and entertaining read. There are analogies and examples used which will help you to comprehend the investment ideas without too much effort. Find out 3 crucial rules of investing. Learn about 6 important aspects to consider when making your investment decision. Get to know what your attitude towards investing is. If you feel too intimidated to meet with a financial advisor to get more information on investments, you are guaranteed to feel much more comfortable doing that after reading this book.


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You are at:Home»News»Engine Testing»Pratt & Whitney launches engine startup
Pratt & Whitney launches engine startup
By Ben Sampson on	 15th June 2018 Engine Testing, Industry News
Aero-engine maker Pratt & Whitney has launched a military engine development group called GatorWorks.
The prototyping group, which aims to be a kind of "internal startup company" aims to halve the time it takes and halve the costs of developing advanced military aero-engines compared with traditional procurement cycles.
"The standard large engine development cycle is roughly 20 years. Our customers have asked for rapid innovation, technology development and new product introduction. GatorWorks is the answer," said Matthew Bromberg, president of Pratt & Whitney Military Engines.
"GatorWorks will seek to leverage commercial enterprise capabilities in rapid prototyping, iterative design, procurement, and testing of cutting-edge products for our customers. We've created an environment where our best engineers can reach their potential with all the tools they need, but without the unnecessary internal barriers that can sometimes slow them down."
Ben Sampson
Ben has worked all of his career as a journalist and now editor, covering almost all aspects of technology, engineering and industry. In the last 16 years he has written on subjects from nuclear submarines and autonomous cars to future design and manufacturing technologies and commercial aviation. Latterly editor of a leading engineering magazine, he brings an eye for a great story and lots of experience to the team.
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