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A is also for Avatar
Posted in A to Z for Diaspora Dalits
Avatar, Nirgun and Sagun
Not just being represented by a stone idol, can God actually reside in an idol made out of stone? Does God incarnate himself to this earth? If he does so why does he come to this earth? What is an Avatar? What do terms sagun and nirgun mean and what relevance these terms have for Dalits in the twenty first century?
We start with what is nirgun and sagun.
Gun or guna means properties and the prefix nir modifies to mean without properties, whilst sagun means all properties. The former is how the Sikh Gurus, other Gurus and Sants believed God to be. These include Nanak, Kabir, Ravidas and Namdev. Saguni saints included Tulsi Das, Surdas and Mira Bai, the latter being a disciple of Ravidas! It is claimed that the wall between the nirguni and saguni saints was not that high in places and that there were instances when they met. In spiritualism, not subjected to scientific testing, no doubt common ground could be found somewhere if one looked hard enough, especially when it came to devotion to God.
It is one of the issues which has been raised by some Ravidassias in UK and elsewhere. They claim that both nirgun and sagun ways are equally valid to get to God.The following is taken from a Ravidassia website blog:
Argument 14: Since guruji prohibit murti puja, why should we worship guruji's picture...?
• First of all our temples have guru Ravidass ji's picture in the main hall
• Murti pooja is prohibited on philosophical basis because when people start thinking that murti is god and commit crimes before it then ask for forgiveness, they assume that they are forgiven and then commit further crimes.
• In other words, when murti becomes god, it is cause of trouble
• We don't consider Guru Ravidass Ji's picture as god but as a mark of reverence and a reminder of our guru.
• When we install Guru Ravidass Ji's picture in the palki we are assigning a proper respectful place to our guru so that congregation can pay their respects.
• This is not murti pooja. We don't engage in any rituals around the picture.
• The concept of sagun and nirgun is centuries old and both paths have equally led to salvation. Moorti pooja was deemed to be undesirable because people started committing crimes and moorti didn't do anything because it has no life.
Whilst we can not claim any expertise in this field we can not let it go without comment as this innocuous little advise could prove to be deadly to all the Ravidassis and to Dalits in general.
So what is behind this debate now which was all the rage amongst the India's holymen in medieval times and which only finds place amongst the specialist scholars in mostly top universities of the world.
Hindu Brahmins believe that by mantra and other rituals they can breath a god into an idol. Not just any idol can have god in it, only those which have been consecrated. This is the Hindu belief system. Good luck to them. No one can criticise anyone for their belief system.
When Dalits are being asked to worship an idol of Guru Ravidas Ji, what is being asked is that sagun worhsip or bhakti is a valid mean to god.
Logically if God has no properties and he/she/it (for this is how Nirguni gurus often describe God) then God is also beyond time and space and as such not subjects to the effects of time and space including properties of materials. How the universe was created, we will leave it to the scientists and philosophers for gurus can not tell us about the properties of matter which must be infinite. God could create a universe with infinite wonders but it did not affect his status of being property-less. But here is the major contradiction (and we claim that contradictions are everywhere) in the nirguni philosophy. God is at once beyond time and space, but at the same time he is to be found in people's hearts. Once he creates the universe by his hukum or command he has nothing much more to do with human beings (although nothing happens without his will) except that devotees can call upon God to help him or her in the time of his or her need! In feudal Indian society where the weight of the whole system created unbearable burden n progressive holymen, and to motivate people it was necessary to make them believe that even God, especially God was on their side. Therefore Bhakti or devotion to God could be socially and politically highly subversive, especially as Brahmins had claimed from time immemorial that they controlled gods by their rituals.
Since contradictions are everywhere medieval saints were not immune to it either. They split into the two above groups. The debate however was not just about God. We know that nirguni philosophy was in most cases overtly subversive. When the demon king Hiranakashyp oppresses his own son with the help of the father's demon family members and ministers and the son Prahalad calls upon Vishnu who is then incarnated as the Man Lion avatar, who kills and father and delivers his disciple, one could read this this story as a straightforward as a Hindu myth of Vishnu's incarnation in the best saguni tradition i.e. God taking avatar in order to come to this earth, This however would be a mistake as the story can also be read as the demons being the 'high castes' of the society and Prahald being one of the meek, dispossessed and oppressed being identified with the 'low castes'. Hence the story could be told in the best saguni tradition but by Nirguni Sikhs, but in order to subvert the status quo.
Why did the progressive saints insisted on a nirguni god when they themselves also sometimes used saguni tradition such as that of Prhalad above? The answer to this question is not simple. A saguni supreme Hindu God Vishnu come to this earth as an avatar in order to defend the caste system. This could never be accepted by the friends of the 'lower' castes such as Kabir, Ravidas and Nanak amongst others.
If God came to this earth as an incarnation or an Avatar then it was only because he was going to defend the dharma including the varnashramdharma or the caste system. Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, the supreme God claimed that he had created the caste sytem. A nirguni God, being without any properties had no such need to defend the caste system. If anything such a God was the slave of the devotee as proved by numerous hegiographical tales of the Bhaktas and Gurus. Saguni upheld the status quo. Nirguni subverted it. The two did not meet and there was a tall wall between the two although they did not hesitate to steal each other's clothes in the form of mythical tales.
There are other differences between the nirguni and saguni scholars. Saguni saint Tulsi Das had written " A drum, a vagrant, low caste and women are best if beaten," He also advises his followers to "honour a Brahmin, even if the Brahmin was without merit." A sudra or low caste could not be honoured even if he was leaned and wise." Without a surprise Guru Ravidas challenged this in opposite wording. " Do no honour a Brahmin if he is withour merit, honour instead a Chandal, if he has merit." This is in in line with Maharishi Vlamiki's Yogavishista which asks people to accept the word of a child even if found to be true and reject the word of God Brahma himself if found to be lacking.
Mirabai, a disciple of Guru Ravidas was of saguni tradition and no doubt given time would have ended up as a nirguni. It is perhaps because of this that only one of her hymn made it to the sacred book of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
When some Ravidassi asks us to follow either method, we can only assume that either he or she has nor read Guru Ravidas or that they know very well the implications of their advise, but they would like all followers of Guru Ravidas to follow the Hindu way of life.
Internet Source:
SAP-History Monograph- 6 Conflict and Assimilation in Medieval North Indian Bhakti :An Alternative Approach - Rameshwar Prasad Bahuguna
House of Lords Recognises Caste Discrimination
UK House of Lords adopts measure against caste discrimination
http://www.iheu.org/uk-house-lords-adopts-measure-against-caste-discrimination
Following intensive lobbying by the National Secular Society (NSS, an IHEU member organization), the UK's House of Lords on 2 March 2010 adopted an amendment to the new UK Equality Bill, paving the way for caste discrimination to be made illegal. Lobbying by the NSS was given a new focus by the first international conference on untouchability hosted by the IHEU and held in London last summer.
Keith Porteous Wood of the National Secular Society commented: "This victory is historic; the UK is the first Western country to pass such legislation. I hope it will encourage other states where caste discrimination is practised to do likewise, or – in the case of India – enforce the legislation it already has."
Since speaking at the London conference last June, both Lord Avebury and Keith Porteous Wood have been working hard to bring this amendment about. Initially, the prospect of success seemed remote, as neither the Government nor the Equality and Human Rights Commission were supportive. Lord Avebury and Wood brought together powerful speakers for the parliamentary debate on the Equality Bill, some of whom spoke from personal experience of caste. This clearly persuaded the Government to reconsider. They also encouraged anti-caste groups to work together and pool information, often for the first time, and sought out lawyers knowledgeable in this specialised area.
The Government convened a meeting of around 50 members of anti-caste groups who gave moving accounts of the discrimination they had suffered. At the next parliamentary stage the Government accepted an amendment, of which Lord Avebury was a co-signatory, enabling caste to be added to the Bill. The Equality Bill has not quite finished its passage through Parliament, but it is almost certain that the amendment will survive unopposed.
The Government has commissioned a survey into caste discrimination which will report in summer or autumn 2010. It is anticipated that, following this, the anti-caste discrimination measure will be activated.
Also active in bringing about this success have been NSS Honorary Associates Dr Evan Harris, Lord Desai (who also spoke at the London Conference) and Lady Flather. We thank them all.
The victory was reported by the BBC at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8546661.stm
O - is for our history - Part 1
You are a Ravidasi or a Valmiki, or an Indian Buddhist, or an Indian Christian. Your parents may have even described themselves hesitantly as Hindus when asked by the white people as the white people do not understand various Indic tradtions. But some of you do not feel 100% sure about your personal identity. Everyone from South Asia seem to be so sure and so proud of his or hers roots and identity, but like the character in Jackie Chan's film in "Who Am I? you seem to be in a state of amnesia although you feel at times that your roots are noble. At other times you may feel like the character Neo in the Matrix who has something of greatness in him but he has first to be reborn before he can find his true identity which is hidden from him as he is kept isolated and fed on liquefied waste. It does actually feel like it at times. You may have been subjected to casteist baiting in the school playground or outside or in the pub. It may even be the place of work but you feel powerless to act. Your baiters may even have been the supposedly caste free Sikhs. Welcome to the real world!
Dalits and the Emanicipatory Sikh religion
Posted in Micropedia Dalitica from S to Z
Presented at UPenn Dec 3-5, 2008 Conference Dalit Challenges to Academic Knowledge: The Great Paradoxes
Dalits and the Emancipatory Sikh Religion
Raj Kumar Hans
M. S. University of Baroda
Hinduism has always been hostile to Sikhism, whose Gurus successfully attacked the principle of caste, which is the foundation on which the fabric of Brahminical religion has been reared. The activities of Hinduism have, therefore, been constantly directed to the undermining of Sikhism... Hinduism has strangled Buddhism, once a formidable rival to it, and it made serious inroads on the domains of Sikhism.
A. E. Barstow (1928)[1]
The 'Dalit history' approach, a particularly germane form of social history 'from below', seeks to bring caste conflict out in the open by making it a central theme in the writing of Sikh history. It thus provides a rather different, potentially stimulating, and realistic lens through which to take a closer look at Sikh history as a whole.
John C. B. Webster[2]
Today's Untouchables are stronger than they have ever been. The progress they have made over the last century is quite remarkable. Many of the discriminations that once affected them have been seriously attenuated. Yet, and perhaps paradoxically, the great majority remain poor, powerless, and indeed without a voice.
Robert Diliege[3]
Dalits constitute about 30 per cent of Punjab population that happens to be largest proportion in the country, when compared with other provinces, but they occupy the lowest share in the ownership of land (2.34 per cent of the cultivated area). Mazhbis and Ramdasias, the two dalit castes among the Sikhs, particularly the Mazhbis, remain the most deprived. Evidence of untouchability against dalit Sikhs is well established. They have been forced to live in separate settlements, contemptuously called 'thhattis' or 'chamarlees', located on the western side and away from the main body of the villages. All the Sikh organisations from Sikh temples to the political party are under the control of the Jatt Sikhs. The Jatt Sikhs refuse to consider them equals even after death, by disallowing cremation of their dead in the main cremation ground of the village. Over the years such harsh caste attitude has forced the dalits to establish separate gurdwaras, marriage places and cremation grounds.[4] This seems to be the biggest paradox of Sikhism which theoretically and theologically has been characterized as 'emancipatory'[5] and even sociologically as 'revolutionary'[6]. In its true egalitarian spirit, Sikhism had succeeded in integrating the lowliest of the low, the former untouchables, the dalits, into its fold. From dalits' perspective the evolution of Sikhism can be seen in two phases: a) from seventeenth century to Ranjit Singh's rule, when dalits played remarkable role in Sikh political struggles and religious movements; b) post-Ranjit Singh phase, when Brahmanical values and attitudes resurfaced with caste and untouchability afflicting the Sikh body politic in such a way that there was danger of its re-absorption into Hinduism. Though dominant literary tradition has denied the significance of 'caste' and 'untouchability' in Sikhism, it has also ignored and neglected the dalit contribution to the flourishing of Sikhism in the first phase. The rise in consciousness in the twentieth century has enabled the Dalits to raise questions on the dominant historigraphical praxis by attempting to recover the lost ground. The paper would first look at the modern moment, the rise in the dalit consciousness as manifest in Dalit creative writings. In seeking an answer to as to what made the powerful Sikh movement drift the paper would look at the 'brahmanisation' of Sikhism in the nineteenth century with ominous implications for dalits as well as for Sikhism.
Outlaw Caste Discrimination in UK - the Legal Case - by Annapurna Waughray
The Hindu Council, The Hindu Forum and in the past the British Government, all claimed that an anti-caste discrimination legislation is unwarranted. Their reasoning is based on highly spurious and non-scholarly foundations.
In a paper titled 'Caste Discrimination: A Twenty-First Century Challenge for UK Discrimination Law?' published in the February 2009 edition of the Modern Law Review, Annapurna Waughray, an international lawyer, argues for the case of anti-caste legislation to be included in the UK legislation on various grounds, the legal argument being that not to do so would contravene the international law and agreements.


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Code of Conduct of FN Neuhofer
Product catalogue 2019/20
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Press Area FN receives award given to companies with a long-standing tradition
2017-05-24 | FN receives award given to companies with a long-standing tradition
On 23 May 2017, the Chamber of Commerce of Upper Austria gave the profile manufacturer FN Neuhofer Holz in Zell am Moos / Austria an award as a company with a long-standing tradition. The trophy was presented by Josef Renner, the regional director in Vöcklabruck.
The award is given to companies with a history dating back more than 100 years. FN Neuhofer Holz was formed in 1650 as a sawmill and has been at the Zell am Moos location for 367 years.
The company is entirely family owned and is currently managed by the 10th generation, with the 11th already playing a role in the company.
Work will also continue in the coming years on implementing a new design for the facility so as to enable the flow of goods to be handled as efficiently as possible, from the delivery of raw materials to the shipping of final products. Also planned is the construction of a new office building, including a spacious showroom, as well as additional production spaces.
"In addition to the wonderful trophy and the certificate, we were also presented with a tradition book. We are extremely pleased that our family-owned company is listed in it," said General Manager Franz Neuhofer.
Handing over of the Award
Privacy / GDPR

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Overpopulation still a major challenge to Nigeria, Africa – Dr. Appiah
National Population CouncilNewsOverpopulation still a major challenge to Nigeria, Africa – Dr. Appiah
October 31, 2018 / By editor / 0 Comments
Dr. Leticia Adelaide Appiah, the Executive Director, National Population Council, Ghana stated this in a recent interview, with a reporter, on the far-reaching consequences of escalating population in many African countries including Nigeria and Ghana. Excerpts:
Dr please what is your academic and professional background?
I completed medical training in June 1993 from Donetsk Medical School in Ukraine and came home immediately fired up to contribute my quota to national development. During my training in Donetsk, the maternity ward was the happiest of all the wards because; there was joy, flowers and smiles when babies were born. I therefore decided that I needed to specialise as an obstetrician gynaecologist because I wanted to be there to always welcome new precious citizens into our world. However, when I started practicing medicine in Ghana, I realised to my dismay and sadness that not all babies in Ghana are received in the world with joy, laughter and smiles. Some parents are ill prepared to receive them whiles some are just not wanted and end up abandoned, malnourished or simply maltreated. I therefore decided to pursue a Master's in Public Health to enable me get closer to the community since health or diseases are manufactured in homes which is the best place for health interventions for maximum effect. In 2003 I completed my Master's in Public Health and completing my PhD in public health this year.
I was appointed as the Director of Health Services in 2008 at the Ledzokuku-Krowor Health Directorate in the greater Accra Region when the Municipality was newly established, a position I held until November 2016 when I was appointed the Executive Director of the National Population Council, the highest advisory body to the government of Ghana on population and related issues.
What is over population?
Over population is an undesirable condition where numbers of existing human population exceed the carrying capacity of the earth. This is because of reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, industrialization and improved public health and high fertility levels. Currently, Africa's problem is the extremely rapid population growth rate that makes it extremely difficult for governments to supply the needed social and economic programs to improve quality of life. For example, the total population in Nigeria was estimated at 191 million people in 2017 and a net increase of about 14, 000 people (21,000 births and 7,000 deaths) daily or about 5 million annually. In 1960, Nigeria had 45.1 million people. The United Kingdom on the other hand had a population of 52.2 million people in 1960 and was estimated at 66.2 million people in 2017, according to the latest census figures. Though UK had more people than Nigeria in 1960, Nigeria has about three times more people compared to UK in 2017.
Such high population growth rates lead to widespread food shortages, malnutrition, crowded and sub-standard schools, crowded hospitals, teeming slums, inadequate water supply, inadequate electricity supply, failing banks and security threats among others. After all, nation building is by the people and for the people. There is therefore the need to balance the reproduction and production capacities of the citizenry through effective policies and programs with the welfare of the people as the paramount goal. Healthy people are more productive while unhealthy, malnourished, stunted, poorly skilled people consume more than they produce.
What are the major causes and consequences of this challenge?
The population growth rate which is a function of birth rate, death rate and migration, acts as the supply of labour force for a country and the economic situation -the demand factor. An imbalance between the supply of labour and demand gives rise to unemployment, underemployment and poverty. A vicious cycle generated by a high dependency burden associated with a young age structure leads to low savings and investment per capita by families and nations which in turn leads to low economic growth and a low standard of living. The produce of high fertility rates in turn heightens the dependency burden perpetuating the cycle putting pressure on governments to spend more just to maintain quality of life. Some economists have stated that at 1 percent population growth rate, nations need between 6.5 percent and 7 percent of GDP to maintain the same quality of life. This is termed running to stand still. With Nigeria growing at over 2 percent growth rate, how much of GDP is needed just to maintain quality of life?
Dr What should be done to curb these negative trends?
This vicious cycle can be broken at only two points. First, at the high fertility stage primarily by introducing an effective family planning program and at the stage of low economic growth by adopting policies to accelerate economic growth. To be successful, both actions must be pursued simultaneously. Balancing reproduction and productivity is key to national development. Unfortunately, some of our leaders focus only on the productive part of education and job creation with little attention to the reproductive needs of their citizens thereby keeping a lot of women and girls under the bondage of involuntary reproduction and nations bearing the consequences thereof.
Please would you like to mention a few countries that have achieved success in population control especially Ghana?
Thailand within 15 years from 1971 halved it's growth rate from 3.2 percent to 1.6 percent and increased use of contraceptives among married couples from 15 percent to 70 percent within the same period and number of births per woman reduced from 6 to 2 The population of Thailand in 1970 was about 37 million and increased gradually to about 68 million in 2016 with GDP per capita increasing from $570 in 1960 to $ 5901 in 2016. In effect, Thailand produced fewer, healthier, happier and more educated people for national development.
Rwanda is another country which places emphasis on the harmonization of population growth in its Economic Development and Poverty Reduction vision 2020. The reduction of the main causes of mortality, reducing total fertility rate, decreasing infant and maternal mortality and ultimately reducing population growth as the thrust of the vision. The vision identified high population growth rate as a major challenge and singled out Family Planning (FP) as a key intervention crucial for reducing birth rates and improving quality of life.
The program has so far been successful that the contraceptive prevalence rate among married women increased from 4 percent in 2000 to 10 percent in 2005 to 45 percent in 2010 (RDHS, 2005 & 2010) and the total fertility rate decreased from 6.1 per woman in her lifetime in 2005 to 4.6. In 2010, maternal mortality ratio reduced from 750 per 100,000 live births in 2005 to 487 per 100,000 live births in 2010 underscoring the important role of FP in addressing population growth and improving quality of life.
How many unintended births, miscarriages, abortions and other morbidities with detrimental health and economic consequences to women, children, families and communities were averted in Rwanda by repositioning family planning as key intervention? By how much has it reduced the cost of their social interventions in health, education, water, electricity, road infrastructure, LEAP, prison services, and police services) or improved services?
Dr What is the situation in Ghana and Nigeria in terms of public acceptability and use of contraceptive?
Contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning are key to effective fertility management, improving reproductive health and ultimately health of all citizens worldwide. Contraceptive use helps couples and individuals realize their basic right to decide freely and responsibly if, when and how many children to have and remain a sustainable family. The use of contraceptive methods not only results in improvements in health-related outcomes such as reduced maternal mortality and infant mortality but also educational, employment outcomes and in reaping demographic dividend.
According to the world trends in contraceptive 2015 report, globally, the contraceptive prevalence rate for modern methods is 57 percent. Within Africa, countries with contraceptive prevalence of 50 percent or more are mainly islands (Cabo Verde, Mauritius and Réunion), or located in the north of the continent along the Mediterranean coast including Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia as well as in Southern Africa such as Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
Five countries in Eastern Africa including Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and Zimbabwe also had contraceptive prevalence levels of 50 per cent or more in 2015. In contrast, 17 African countries including Nigeria had contraceptive prevalence levels below 20 per cent with high unmet need for family planning and corresponding high dependency ratio and pregnancy related morbidities and mortalities. Ghana is doing relatively better than Nigeria because the population is far less and the fertility rate is also lower. Nonetheless, the government of Ghana also needs to reposition family planning to reduce fertility and dependency ratio for accelerated socio-economic development.
Advocating for the acceptability of contraceptives in Sub-Saharan Africa should be a socio-economic empowerment agenda spearheaded by our political leadership enlisting the support of all stakeholders including the religious leaders, traditional leaders, health workers, teachers, civil society, private sector, the media, school children and the international community. Reducing fertility through increased contraceptive uptake reduces expenditure in all sectors and set the stage for accelerated economic development of families and ultimately nations. Focusing on family planning education and access in an enabling environment should therefore be an agenda for African leaders. After all, good politics improves human lives, reproductive health rights and responsibilities also improve human lives, therefore improving reproductive health and rights in a responsible way is good politics.
India and China recorded huge successes in shrinking their demographics through giving incentives to families with one or two only children.
Do you think that this approach can be adopted in this region?
Yes, China and India implemented population policies that worked for them though some aspects were unethical by forcing people or through coercion. Currently, China has a fertility level that is below replacement of 2.1 per woman and therefore has relaxed its policy to allow women to have at least 2 children. Population policies differ from country to country and at times within countries, like weight management. Just as people who are over weight should reduce their weight to within a normal BMI range, so should countries with high fertility rates have policies that give incentives and encourages fertility reduction as most countries in SSA. Countries with fertility rates below replacement level fertility of 2.1 should have policies serving as incentives and encouraging women to increase their fertility to the replacement level and countries with fertility levels at the replacement level should maintain whatever they are doing.
Governments drive everything through the policies they implement. An example is Iran. In December 1989, the government of Iran introduced a family planning program with 3 major goals. First to encourage women to space their pregnancies between 3-4 years, discourage pregnancy among women younger than 18 years and older than 35 years and limiting pregnancies to three per woman. Iran therefore fashioned its policy around reducing high risk pregnancies through advocacy and free supply of contraceptives. In as much as citizens had the right to have as many children as they wish, the government made them responsible by making citizens bear the full cost of additional births after the third child. The total fertility rate declined from 5.2 births per woman in 1989 to 2.8 in 1996. There was reduction in maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, improvement in health care and educational outcomes among other advantages.
What roles should ECOWAS and AU play in strengthening member countries on adoption of more stringent policies and legislation in this campaign?
ECOWAS and AU member countries should support each other in breaking the poverty cycle by simultaneously implementing an effective family planning program in addition to all the economic activities. Afterall, the World Bank talks about GDP per capita. This means, nations should help their citizens reproduce themselves healthily and work effectively and efficiently to improve the GDP per capita. ECOWAS and AU must focus on reproductive health rights and responsibility as equally as they focus on economic interventions because one cannot afford to forget the per capita part of GDP per capita and meet the SDG goals or the Africa Agenda 2063. Nigeria being the most populous African country with a high population growth rate with massive population momentum, should be targeted for support by ECOWAS to reposition family planning as a critical socio economic intervention to improve human lives in this generation and set the stage for improved life for the next.
What is your advice to executives of population control agencies in Nigeria and other countries?
Nigeria is Africa's most populous country. It has over 40 percent of its population below 15 years and has a net annual increase of about 5 million people. That is about the population of Norway being added to Nigeria's population annually. This is certainly not sustainable for sustainable socio-economic development.
Population growth dramatically increases the need for all services including job creation. Linden, writing in the New York Times in 2017, illustrates the burden of exploding population. He said per the population structure of the United States, on average 129,000 new jobs monthly were created in 2016 but an America-size Nigeria would have to produce 319,000 jobs monthly, without cease. How can we sustain this? Let us know that the might of a nation is not necessarily in its size but in the might of its people that is the human capital.
Dr What are your final thoughts on these issues?
I believe that every pregnancy should be wanted, and every child cherished and nurtured to be a productive and proud citizen of nations. That is the only way any nation can develop since quality human capital accumulation is key for manufacturing durable assets for common good. Adequate investment in children from infancy through adolescence till they become productive is expensive and time consuming but that is the only way to transform our human resource to human capital for development. Investing in reproductive health and rights have huge returns not just in terms of preventing high risk and unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions and complication, but also improves nutrition for women and children, reduces risk of anaemia for women and children, increases survival and better health for mothers and children and fewer orphaned children. Investing in reproductive health in addition to reducing heath bill, frees up money for quality education of the citizens, thereby improving the status of all including women to contribute to economic growth. Investing in reproductive health saves money and helps nations produce healthy productive citizens for sustainable socio-economic development. The Africa we want, where no one is left behind.
As the former President Olusegun Obasanjo said on TV once, "if you don't see what you should see, and you don't do what you should do, you will become a victim of what you don't like".
I totally agree with him and urge all of us to see the importance of reproductive health rights and responsibilities as a developmental agenda and focus on it to enable us get the results we so desire. Let us see what we should see and do what we should do to get the results we desire.
The National Population Council (NPC) was established by the National Population Council, Act 485, 1994, to advise Government on all population matters. The NPC is the highest statutory body set up to advice Government on the population and related issues. The NPC is a parastatal body located in the office of the President.
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We at NPC, are always ready to serve.
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Injured Veterans Empowered On Rope and Zip Line Courses
WWP Rope Course
PLANO, Texas, May 30, 2018 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Warriors and their guests tested themselves on adrenaline-pumping rope courses and zip lines during a recent Wounded Warrior Project® (WWP) event. The courses are designed to empower adventurous participants through perseverance, teamwork, and commitment, while surrounded by sweeping views of the beautiful Texan terrain.
"My family and I love taking on confidence courses and zip lining," said Army veteran Brandon Ellis. "It was great for the whole family because it wasn't too hard for the kids, but still challenging for us older folks."
Warriors and families mingled during lunch and learned about the latest WWP program and event opportunities.
"The warriors at the event represented a great mix of all branches of the service," Brandon said. "It was great to see everyone helping and motivating each other."
"I enjoy spending time with my battle buddies and fellow warriors," said Army veteran Entoinne Johnson. "This also was a great way to spend quality time and stay active with my family and friends."
WWP program events like this give wounded warriors an opportunity to experience veteran peer support firsthand. These gatherings get them out of the house to partake in stimulating activities and connect them with fellow service members and their community.
"Before I joined Wounded Warrior Project, I wasn't sure if I was wounded enough to be included," Brandon said. "But after meeting with other warriors, I felt welcome and not alone."
Isolation is one of the most significant struggles wounded warriors deal with after serving their country. It can be difficult knowing how to overcome that challenge and rekindle bonds similar to those formed in the military.
"My transition to civilian life was hard for me," Entoinne said. "I wasn't one of those guys excited about leaving the military. I loved what I did and if my body would have held up, I'd still be doing it. Wounded Warrior Project events let me be around and talk to like-minded people."
WWP has been connecting, serving, and empowering wounded warriors for 15 years. To learn more, visit http://newsroom.woundedwarriorproject.org.
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Upcycling can be fun, and it is a wonderful way to let your creative side loose. There is a difference between upcycling and hoarding – so it is important to not get them confused. With upcycling, you take an item that is old and worn or not being used. You can then make it into something that you do use or that you share with someone else.
Hoarding is simply the process of accumulating lots of items – both new and used. It is a compulsion and it can result in the home being cluttered and unorganized. That isn't what the process of upcycling is about. If you are going to take part in this, you need to plan projects, complete them, and use what you make. If you don't use it yourself, it can be an item you offer as a gift or that you sell to make a profit.
Upcycling is often confused with recycling too. The difference here becomes how the materials are used. In the process of recycling, items are broken down and then the base materials are used to create another product. Glass, plastic, metal, and paper are the most common types of materials recycled.
With upcycling, there is no breaking down of the materials. They can be used in part or in whole to make something new. For example, taking an old clothing and cutting them into squares that you use to make a quilt from.
As you explore the art of upcycling, you will be very excited about all it offers. Since there are no limits to the materials you can use or what you can create, it is interesting to see what you can come up with. The only limits will be those that you set for yourself!
In addition to having fun, upcycling can help you to relax and to reduce stress. This type of hobby can get you up and moving. It can provide exercise for both your mind and your body. It can also save you money as you won't need to buy particular items when you create them.
While the exact materials and tools you will need vary by project, it is a good idea to get a starter kit ready to go. It should have some basic tools and materials for you to work with. As your interest in upcycling grows, you can continue to add new items.
Children love to be creative too, so keep them in mind when it comes to upcycling. You will be amazed with the ideas they are able to come up with. If you often feel like your kids spend too much time with electronics, this is a great way to get them interested in something the entire family can enjoy. Just make sure they follow some safety guidelines when it comes to the materials they work with.
Introduction Making Old Things New and Beautiful The art of Upcycling.


Home > Chile > Mural on a house (naked women and a computer?), Fernando M?uez de la Plata, Bellavista.
Caption: Mural on a house (naked women and a computer?), Fernando M?uez de la Plata, Bellavista.
For commercial use, please email me (referencing Photo ID 18451-santiago).


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SANTA FE, NM – April 11, 2017 – For Immediate Release. Fire managers on the Jemez Ranger District of the Santa Fe National Forest hope to take advantage of favorable spring conditions to conduct prescribed burns during a window that opens April 17 and ends on May 21, 2017. That window is dependent on favorable conditions, including fuel moisture levels, air quality and weather forecasts.
Primary targets are a 600-acre unit at the southern end of Virgin Mesa and 400 acres on the West Mesa treatment area a half mile north of Virgin Mesa off Forest Road 607.
Prescribed fires are one of the most effective tools available to resource managers for restoring fire-adapted ecosystems. These fires mimic natural fires by reducing forest fuels, recycling nutrients and increasing habitat diversity. Each prescribed burn is designed to meet specific objectives. The Virgin Mesa and West Mesa prescribed burns, located within the boundaries of the Southwest Jemez Mountains Landscape Restoration Project, are designed to remove dead forest fuels, provide community protection and promote forest health. Prescribed fires are managed with firefighter and public safety as the first priority.
Smoke from both the Virgin Mesa and West Mesa prescribed fires will likely be visible from Jemez Springs, NM Highway 4 between La Cueva and the Jemez Pueblo, US Highway 550 from San Ysidro to Bernalillo, Albuquerque and Interstate 25.
Smoke from the prescribed burns will be monitored to ensure that the New Mexico Environment Department's Air Quality Bureau regulations are being met. Smoke-sensitive individuals and people with respiratory or heart disease are encouraged to take precautionary measures. Information on air quality and protecting your health can be found online at the New Mexico Department of Health's website at https://nmtracking.org/fire.
For additional information about this prescribed burn, please contact the Jemez Ranger District at 575.829.3535.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender.


What's it like playing the Harlem Globetrotters day after day after day?
It was interesting to gain the perspective from one of the Harlem Globetrotters' longtime foes.
FORT HUACHUCA, Ariz. (March 9, 2001) — The Harlem Globetrotters continue their tricks…. as the New York Nationals continue to be second wheels. But the Nationals players love their jobs.
Minutes after their latest one-sided defeat to the "Ambassadors of Goodwill" on Sunday, the New York Nationals strolled back to their locker room without fan fare or post-game adoration.
To call the Nationals the Rodney Dangerfield of basketball would be an understatement. But that's to be expected.
Bud Abbott needed Lou Costello as much as Michael Jordan needed Scottie Pippen.
A truly great act relies on role players, those that are willing to accept a supporting role to help the stars shine.


Rosme is a family business with over 30 years of experience in leather artistry. It's aim is the production of the highest quality leather items, from small leather goods, to bags, purses, backpacks and briefcases. The company is located, and produces, in beautiful Sevilla, Spain.


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ESPN Golf
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Road Holes
Vancouver area
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Beyond Golf
Spieth wins three-way Valspar playoff
Planet Golf — 14 March 2015 by GW staff and news services
PALM HARBOR, Fla. — Jordan Spieth and his world-class short game came up big in a playoff victory Sunday at the Valspar Championship.
Spieth capped off an afternoon of back-nine charges, clutch putts and unseemly par saves by making a 30-foot birdie putt on the third extra hole of a playoff at Innisbrook Resort's Copperhead Course to beat Ryder Cup teammates Patrick Reed and Sean O'Hair.
"A crazy back nine," said Spieth, who won for the second time in his PGA Tour career and fourth time worldwide to reach a career-high No. 6 in the world.
The 21-year-old Spieth was three shots behind with six holes to play when he made two birdies to catch a faltering Ryan Moore, and then saved par on his final three holes for a 2-under 69 to join the playoff. And these par saves were not what anyone would call routine.
With his right foot in the bunker and his left foot on grass well above the ball in the sand, he blasted out to 3 feet on the 16th. From deep rough on a hill, he hit a flop shot to a short pin to 6 feet to stay tied for the lead. And he holed a 12-foot par putt on the 18th that fell in the left side of the cup.
Reed was just as impressive with his short game to keep his hopes alive in the eighth and perhaps most compelling playoff on the PGA Tour this season. He buried a 30-foot birdie putt on the 18th hole for a bogey-free 66, pumping his fist as if he were still in Gleneagles at the Ryder Cup.
Reed was the first to finish at 10-under 274.
On the 18th hole in a playoff, he was buried in the lip of a bunker, blasted out to just under 10 feet and made par to stay in the game after Spieth missed from 10 feet. On the next playoff hole, the tough 16th, Reed had no chance well behind the green in grass so deep he could barely see his ball. That came out perfectly for another par.
Reed, who went the final 29 holes without a bogey on the Copperhead Course, never had a chance to try for a third par save when Spieth hit the winner.
Not to be overlooked was O'Hair, who has had to earn his full PGA Tour card the last two years in the Web.com Tour Finals. He poured in a pair of big birdies on the back nine, including a 30-footer on the 16th, and made a tough par save on the 18th in regulation.
O'Hair had a 12-foot birdie putt for the win on the second extra hole, and the putt caught the right side of the cup.
Spieth earned a small measure of redemption against Reed, a friend and Ryder Cup partner. Reed beat him in a playoff at the Wyndham Championship in 2013 for the first of Reed's four PGA Tour wins.
Only two players in 2015 have had at least a share of the 54-hole lead and went on to victory on the PGA Tour. Moore did not become the third. He holed a 7-iron on the sixth hole for an eagle to take a two-shot lead, and back-to-back birdies early on the back nine stretched his lead to three shots with six to play.
Moore went long and into thick rough on the par-3 13th and made bogey, and then dropped another shot on the 16th. He made one more bogey on the 18th when his hopes were gone, closed with a 72 and finished fifth.
That was the wrong direction to go with so many players charging to the finish line.
Reed ran into a pair of 12-foot birdie putts to get within one shot, and then made his big birdie on the 18th. O'Hair ran off four birdies in a six-hole stretch, and finished with a tough par. His drive went into the trees and his approach stopped against the collar of the green some 50 feet away. Using the blade of his wedge, he knocked it up to 5 feet and holed the putt for a 67 to join Reed at 274.
Spieth made a tough par save on the 12th, a 10-foot birdie on the 13th and a 30-foot birdie on the par-5 14th to tie for the lead, and then his short game saved him.
Henrik Stenson, in his Valspar Championship debut, ran off three straight birdies and closed with a 67 to fall one shot short of the playoff.
Spieth came full circle at Innisbrook with the victory. Two years ago, his short game led to a birdie-par finish that paved the way for him to get a Tour card after starting the season with no status. He went on to great things that year, including a victory as a 19-year-old and a spot in The Presidents Cup. And he hasn't really stopped. Spieth went over $10 million for his career.
GW staff and news services
HOF vote: It's not the Hall of Shame
HOF vote: Tossing a no-no to PED guys
Suncadia's miner reminder
A hole-by-hole look at Gamble Sands
Playing Chambers Bay with a caddie
Taylor takes halfway lead at Sony Open
Trump's Bedminster nixed for 2022 PGA
English goes extra hole for Sentry win
A record victory for DJ at the Masters
Tiger makes strong, emotional return
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The staff pressure labored, Erison terminated with the Portuguese club and forced to leave Botafogo for Sao Paulo
What appeared like a dream drifting away in Sao Paulo, obtained nearer this Tuesday (24). Striker Erison, a Tricolore goal, has canceled his mortgage deal with Portugal's Estoril, is again in Brazil and his staff intend to request a launch for the Sao Paulo club, from Botafogo.
THE THROW! realized from sources at the Sao Paulo summit that the recreation turned after contacting the participant's representatives, who have been enthusiastic about the chance of him taking part in at Morumbi. With this, they determined to assist Tricolor in the negotiations. And they put their foot down on the administrators of Fogão.
+ Without reinforcements, Palmeiras turns into a joke on the internet: "Became a health care provider?
The first step was taken. According to the Portuguese portal "SIC NotíciasErison terminated his contract with Estoril, the place he would play on mortgage till the finish of the present European season. He is due to land in Brazil by Thursday (26), in accordance to the report, when he'll endure assessments and signal a contract with Sao Paulo.
This will probably be the deadline for Tricolor to double Glorioso proprietor John Texter. If between Sao Paulo and the participant's headquarters the wage bases are agreed, with the club from Rio issues are shut, however with out an settlement.
As revealed by the report, Sao Paulo have been ready to pay 1.7 million Brazilian {dollars} for Erison's one-year mortgage, as well as to being accountable for the participant's full wages throughout the interval.
Initially, Glorioso simply wished to commerce the participant outright. But succumbed to the mortgage possibility. However, he desires extra money than sustaining the bases he agreed with Estoril for the last buy.
Discovered by XV de Piracicaba, Erison arrived at Glorioso in 2022 after good spells on mortgage at golf equipment reminiscent of Figueirense and Brasil-RS. The 23-year-old performed 34 video games for Alvinegro final yr, scoring 16 objectives and offering three extra assists.
Midway by means of the season, nevertheless, the striker was loaned out by John Textor to Estoril, a club owned by David Blitzer, Fogao's proprietor associate at Crystal Palace in England. Erison's contract with Glorioso runs till the finish of 2025.
Ceni has pressured in the 4 interviews given to this point this yr the want for reinforcements in the Tricolor. Offense is one in all the lacking sectors. The coach is trying for a alternative for Calleri, a job that has been vacant since the departures of Eder and Bustos.
– I do know you are saying "ah, Rogerio complained about lacking elements…" It's not. I'm not complaining. I'm simply noticing. If the club can usher in the proper participant or intermediate participant when it comes to what we wish to occupy sure positions, it is going to assist us lots – he mentioned for instance this Sunday (22), after the goalless draw with Palmeiras.
– Otherwise, in some long-term positions, the tendency is for put on, harm, lack of this participant… Caleri, in entrance. If Calleri leaves the recreation, who has the energy to maintain the ball? There is not any. That's what now we have to watch. This isn't a grievance. I communicate day by day with the board – added the commander from Sao Paulo.
> Check the video games, classification and simulate outcomes of Paulista-23
Game developers don't seem excited about the NFT market and metaverse; I understand
Escorts website expands funding, sponsors ten states and wants to honor the dignity of the profession


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Allan Hansen kan være flere personer:

 Allan Hansen (DBU) – Formand for Dansk Boldspil-Union (DBU).
 Allan Hansen (fodboldspiller) – tidligere dansk landsholdsspiller.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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9 principles of truly "social-first" marketing
Recently Guinness launched a new advert but instead of the ad creating a perfect storm stemming from TV it was actually Instagram as the medium of choice. Guinness opted for the new 60 second ad placement in a bid to engage a younger audience, branded content has the most impact through social when it is new and therefore the opportunity to seed the 60 second ad first before it airs on TV.
On this occasion "social-first" means literally just that, in that the ad is released on social before TV. But what does it mean to be truly social-first? It is something that gets bounded around a lot at the moment. We believe it is more of a mind-set, a way of thinking with some core principles at the heart of it…
Image source: Marketing Week – Why Guinness picked Instagram for its social first 60 second ad
Audience first
This is the key. This could be creating campaigns in an audience focused way (we still see a number of B2B brands talking product or solution first), or at the next level carefully segmenting audiences to create more honed, relevant messaging. The principle is not new but still not necessarily religiously followed and often social media efforts can still feel a little catch all and broadcast.
Understanding the "who" alongside what you are trying to achieve will help to shape the "what", the "how", the "why", the "when" all crucial for achieving cut through and resonance in social and success of your approaches and campaigns.
My colleague Mr Jacobs wrote a wonderful piece on micro-moments of late, I'd urge you to go and read. Another term that has kicked off in the last 12 to 18 months, largely thanks to the success of Oreo's "dunk in the dark" efforts around the Superbowl all those years ago. The difference between micro-moments and the Superbowl? Being of the moment doesn't mean necessarily wrapping in to a big TV event or hijacking a trending news story, quite often it can be mean every day moments. The team were at a Twitter conference and they shared the platform came alive with mentions of coffee between 10am and 11am (UK of course). Makes sense, but this is still a moment and an opportunity to join the conversation. The moments you choose to own as marketers are up to you…why not stop over and take a look at my webinar from last year on owning your social moments
But remember this. In an instantaneous world where the customer has the highest of expectations, timing my friend is everything…
We are not robots. Your customers aren't stupid, they are savvier than ever. Particularly, this "millennial" lot. Brands are people too. Well kind of. When we communicate in social we expect a human response and therefore as brands there is responsibility to understand quite how that means. This comes up a lot for us when consulting around customer service and moving from a very standardised, templated approach to one there is freedom to communicate and trust to do so in an open platform where responses are open to scrutiny. Think of the social customer service winners, those like O2 and Argos they are framed for mirror-matching language and communicating in a human way.
Be relevant
This really links to my understanding the "who" of earlier on. The intersection between the "who", shape the "what", the "how", the "why", the "when" and what the customer wants to achieve is where the point of relevance lies. We can't be truly relevant to the customer without considering what we as a brand would want out of the engagement but we might need to lower expectations slightly and look at a more long term view of what role social plays in the business. All communications can't lead to sale or a direct ROI…
But by being truly relevant and hooking into the needs and desires of our audience, the language they use, the context of their situation and meeting that with creative messaging that appeals to them on an emotional level the results from social (in terms of increased engagement, reach, customer interaction, perception) will be exponential.
Think at (the right) scale
One on conversations are the holy grail of social. The epitome of relevance and being human. But in marketing, one on one conversations even at some scale are both costly and not impactful enough. This is where we talk about paid social. The opportunity to connect at scale with segmented relevant messaging through social is fantastic. The creative opportunities through the platforms with the variety of social ad units which drive two way interaction are very exciting.
But to be truly relevant to an audience, you must do so at the right scale or you are not going to be changing mass perception, driving any kind of market penetration or getting results of the right level. And as marketers, that is vitally important to our existence…
Optimised for platform
The nuances of each social platform and hell, each individual execution within the platform are huge. There is much more at play here than 140 characters for Twitter (although that is soon to change too probably). By optimised I do mean in context of the behaviour of the audience in that platform and in context of the behaviour you want to drive from them as a target.
Thinking in a social-first way may well drive you not to use social in the first instance or even at all!
But know this, lazy optimisation of communications in social platforms = less engagement, less results and even backlash.
The depth of storytelling through increased consumption of video in particular is a huge opportunity of social=first thinking marketers. Let's take the Guinness advert as the example here. The ad is the latest instalment of the brand's campaign "made of more", which depicts the story of John Hammond who discovered musicians such as Billie Holiday and Aretha Franklin. They are combining 60 second teaser ads on Instagram with tastemakers and brand advocates, encouraging them to share with like minds before turning back to TV to the masses, The swell and depth of messaging is met both top down and bottom up. They are continuing the story linking together PR, digital and further social activity to develop the story.
Sequential storytelling. One post can have enough bite and cut through to drive action but stories of this nature our best thought of as flower bed created multiple seeds planted over time. The power for marketers to tell the stories in creative ways, and in some case completely re-imagined, through thinking social-first is unbelievable, particular when the approach is fully…
Social-first certainly doesn't mean social only. The best campaigns you will hear examples of are all fully integrated across channels as with the Guinness example above. Outside of campaign thinking, the best brand and customer experiences are seamless across all channels.
We have a saying at immediate future – "social is leeky". It seeps into the cracks and departments everywhere in a business because it is just part of how the average human behaves – it cannot be isolated to marketing, PR, customer relations, HR or any other department.
Remember what you do in marketing from a social perspective has an impact on social from a customer service perspective (one example of many). Get collaborating!
Transformational
We are in transition. Some call this digital transformation. I have heard "marketing transformation" being used now too. To be honest it doesn't really matter about the wanky (yes, I said wanky) buzz term we wrap around it.
Most of what we are trying is new. It could be new to the world, or new to the business we work in, new to the way we have worked as teams or just as individuals…
But if it is not new and not transforming then you are not being social-first. You are probably just putting out a few tweets…. good luck to you, the exciting stuff is happening over here >>>> social-first<<<<<
If you want to read a little bit more about a few social-first strategies or thinking here are a selection of some nice reads
Social-first is not just for Christmas by Olly Honess at Cubaka https://www.prweek.com/article/1374289/social-first-not-just-christmas
How social-first publishing makes content more effective from Flockler
https://flockler.com/blog/how-social-first-publishing-makes-content-marketing-more-effective
Why Guinness picked Instagram for its 60 second ad https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/02/02/why-guinness-picked-instagram-for-its-social-first-60-second-ad/
The unfortunate impact of the new Twitter timelineTake real-time social listening to the next level


The Commission is today tabling two legislative proposals to make it easier for companies, especially SMEs, to sell their products across Europe, and to strengthen controls by national authorities and customs officers to prevent unsafe products from being sold to European consumers.
Vice-President Jyrki Katainen, responsible for Jobs, Growth Investment and Competitiveness, said: "The Single Market of 500 million consumers is a great EU success story. Today we are removing obstacles, reinforcing trust and allowing our businesses and consumers to make the most of it."
Internal Market Commissioner Elżbieta Bieńkowska added: "The Single Market is built on trust. Consumers must be able to trust that the products they use are of the same standard wherever they come from; and public authorities must be able to trust that the products on their national markets are safe for their citizens. The breast implant and 'dieselgate' scandals undermined this trust and we must rebuild it with stricter controls across the board. Faulty products have absolutely no place in the EU."
The "mutual recognition" principle ensures that products not subject to EU-wide regulation can, in principle, move freely within the Single Market, if they are lawfully marketed in one Member State. This principle should allow manufacturers to sell their products across Europe without any additional requirements. But this is not always working as it should. In practice, companies wishing to sell products such as shoes, tableware or furniture in another Member State often face barriers, delays and extra costs. To make the principle faster, simpler and clearer in practice, the Commission proposes a new Regulation on the Mutual Recognition of Goods. Companies will know if their products can be sold in another EU country in a couple of months, rather than years. They will also be able to use a voluntary declaration to demonstrate that their products meet all the relevant requirements in their country. This will make it easier for authorities of other Member States to assess whether or not mutual recognition should apply. Similarly, a problem resolution mechanism will allow for a faster resolution of disputes between companies and national authorities. Training and exchanges among officials will further improve collaboration and trust among national authorities. This will not prevent national authorities from taking legitimate public policy concerns into account.
There are still too many unsafe and non-compliant products sold on the EU market: as many as 32% of toys, 58% of electronics, 47% of construction products or 40% of personal protective equipment inspected do not meet the requirements for safety or consumer information foreseen in EU legislation. This endangers consumers and puts compliant businesses at a competitive disadvantage. The draft Regulation on Compliance and Enforcement will help create a fairer internal market for goods, through fostering more cooperation among national market surveillance authorities. This will include sharing information about illegal products and ongoing investigations so that authorities can take effective action against non-compliant products. The Regulation will also help national authorities to improve checks on products entering the EU market. Since 30% of goods in the EU are imported, the Commission further proposes to reinforce inspections of ports and external borders.
The draft Regulations will now be sent to the European Parliament and Council for adoption. Once adopted, they will be directly applicable.
The Single Market, which will celebrate its 25th anniversary in 2018, is one of Europe's greatest achievements, designed to allow goods, services, capital and people to move freely. It offers greater choice and lower prices for consumers and opportunities for professionals and businesses. It enables people to travel, live, work and study wherever they wish. But these opportunities do not always materialise, because Single Market rules are not known, not implemented or simply undermined by unjustified barriers. That is why in 2015, the Commission presented its Single Market Strategy – a roadmap to deliver on President Juncker's political commitment to unleash the full potential of the Single Market and make it the launch pad for European companies to thrive in the global economy.
Trade in goods accounts for 75% of intra-EU trade and around 25% of the EU's GDP. EU product rules cover the vast majority of all manufactured products in the EU. They have a value of €2,400 billion and are produced or distributed by some 5 million businesses. EU rules allow products to circulate freely across the Union while ensuring a high level of environmental, health and safety protection. For example, EU legislation in areas like toys and chemicals is among the strictest in the world.
Todays' proposals complement other initiatives already put forward to deliver on the 2015 Single Market Strategy: measures for improved protection of intellectual property rights, proposals on e-commerce, guidance on the collaborative economy, steps to modernise the EU's standardisation policy, a Start-up and Scale-up Initiative, measures to give a fresh boost to the services sector and steps to enhance compliance and practical functioning of the EU Single Market.


#1021 You-are a saint arin't you.
While neighbours hold their sentient hearings.
#1022 Right now we must go this way.
Yes, yes, yes you're right.
Tongue ,tongue, a young "man connects".
He'll be harmed if this isn't french-mission-night.
#1023 Hey Gonzo, can you hear me.
Stay here and trench these out.
The rocks here are pretty-below your boots.
And not fit to throw-away until "the all" is mot.
#1024 Let's grab a cup of tea then.
Let's listen "to those" soulful dries.
Let's listen "to notes" that never should shout.
They're playing our signatures. Pease "don't rub one out".
#1025 I saw you were very talented.
But I didn't teach you anything meek.
And then I "threw" out my only phone.
Called and raised. "seven thousand to your speak".
#1026 But first I have to say my son is wasted.
He's saying "four six - four six" half conscious.
He must have some payments he forgot to tension.
Take all that down and those gas-mask mentions.
#1027 What-bought a new house? With shutup's wavering.
Come on in. It has rooms for all of us wow.
I don't really have to believe in it though.
My desk is still my wife for now.
#1028 Listing recently, I'm sad he owns the boundaries.
Draw up his plans for my tea.
Frozen pure exits now on screen.
What could I "wear" still design free.
#1029 Have you got a second. I'm nervous.
Should I live under a shed or under a tree.
Should I stay-away from all friends.
Or paint the oceans in them I see.
#1030 In the "gallery" with the cold counter.
Beijing "makes fun of me".
As "evening" I guess "that" dust must mumble.
So glad their "brakes"can still reprieve.
#1031 They sing of death, all helicopters.
For man has touched his knows.
Before such love like Grand-Parents.
To play with "untill he mows".
For "lines" my heart bestows.
The same way fashion baits exception.
#1033 Cleaning up after ourselves.
Just wait I have to mop the "scores".
Well yes I do have a puppet ear.
Which reminds me to lock the doors.
#1034 Are you "seeing" a hundred dollars.
Breaker Breaker where are you at.
I'm suing all the happiness.
I didn't do it "and I think" that's that.
#1035 One Karen and lots of bumble bees.
And the knowing you're there for me.
Do you see how I'm "being a minute".
Hands in my pockets "facing trees".
#1036 Chemtrails in a handful.
No-way there's highways in an eye.
Where in the world is that giant airport.
Where I'm allowed to shy.
#1037 Robbers "are the internet".
X-rays "are just their gum".
Sharing micro-berries by the soulful.
Where seven seconds has become just one.
#1038 Capable of smiling with stubble gone.
#1039 It wasn't quite so hard as shut-up.
#1040 I'll sit right here and watch!
#1041 My name is desperation.
#1042 They had a real chance of sitting here.
#1043 That little structure, (my ordered mind).
#1044 Winds dangerously forecast as high.
#1045 There's an empty theatre in my Dreamscape.
Where Ottawa wins all my rhymes.
Where to this way we sat alone.
And her British accent shines.
#1046 I pronounce us Popeye punching bags.
#1047 All knowing brains cannot unexist.
#1048 A thinker's thoughts made of smallest thoughts.
#1049 There's only one pillow for people like us.
#1050 I guess good needs a frigid shine.


I go up to the village shop, which sells meat as well as almost everything else you could possibly want, to order a guinea fowl for lunch tomorrow. I explain to Renato, the butcher, that I really want a rabbit, but I'm not sure whether the one American and two Brits who are coming to lunch like rabbit. Many people, especially the British, don't. 'I've heard they think of them as pets, like cats'. 'Perhaps it's partly that, but', I counter, 'many people say they find the flavour "dirty"'. Renato understands perfectly. He explains that a rabbit has tiny glands, particularly behind the knee, but other places as well, which cause that 'dirty' taste. I can be absolutely sure when I buy my rabbits from him they won't have that flavour, because he removes every little gland himself. With that reassurance I tell him that if he can't get a guinea fowl, I'll take a rabbit. I'm almost hoping he can't get the guinea fowl after all.


The Diocese of Bendigo has adopted the Safe Ministry to Children Canon 2017 and the standards of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia for safe ministry with a Person of Concern in a parish or congregation. These standards are the actions required to implement the process of 7 stages specified in section 5 of the General Synod Persons of Concern Policy.
The process of assessment is outlined in stage 5 of the Persons of Concern Policy. The Bishop is to be kept informed of the progress of the matter.
The Professional Standards Board is empowered in dealing with a person who is or was at some stage a Church worker to recommend that they be required to enter into a Safety Agreement with the Church authority, failing which they be excluded from entry or access to premises or activities of the Church either generally or in a specified location or circumstances: s78(1)(g) of the Professional Standards Uniform Act 2016 (Bendigo).


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Home Events U.S.-China FDI Update | Shanghai
U.S.-China FDI Update | Shanghai
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 | 8:00 AM EDT - 10:00 AM EDT
Le Royal Meridien Shanghai |, Shanghai
After reaching a record $60 billion in 2016, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows between the United States and China have been squeezed into a diminished position by forces on both sides of the Pacific. In 2017, Chinese FDI in the United States dropped by more than one-third as Beijing re-imposed capital controls and Washington toughened screening of high-technology acquisitions; the value of newly announced transactions dropped by more than 90%. The outlook for 2018 is more uncertain still. President Trump has designated China a strategic competitor, a label not applied since 2000, and Washington is contemplating a disruptive array of more restrictive China policies to respond to national security concerns and the perceived lack of reciprocity, including greatly intensifying the investment screening process.
On April 17, 2018, the National Committee and Rhodium Group hosted the China launch of a study that will shape the public debate on these urgent topics: Two-Way Street, the definitive analysis of U.S.-China FDI trends from 1990 through 2017. With 12 months of brand new data and a number of recent policy developments in both countries, the report's authors provided a thorough and timely presentation of research on U.S.-China FDI, followed by a panel discussion with business leaders.
This program is part of the U.S.-China FDI Project, a multi-year research initiative that aims to provide greater transparency on FDI flows between the United States and China, led by the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations and Rhodium Group, in partnership with AmCham Shanghai.
Thilo Hanemann
Report author Thilo Hanemann is director of Rhodium Group's cross-border investment practice. His research assesses new trends in global trade and capital flows, related policy developments, and the political and commercial dynamics of specific transactions. Mr. Hanemann's most recent work focuses on the evolution of China's international investment position, and the economic and policy implications of this new trend. He is a frequent speaker and commentator on China's outward investment and has published numerous reports and articles on the topic. He is also a senior policy fellow at the Mercator Institute for China Studies, Europe's biggest China think tank, located in Berlin.
Stephen A. Orlins
Stephen A. Orlins has been president of the National Committee since 2005. Prior to that, he was the managing director of Carlyle Asia and the chairman of the board of Taiwan Broadband Communications, one of Taiwan's largest cable television and high speed internet providers. Prior to joining Carlyle, Mr. Orlins was a senior advisor to AEA Investors Inc., a New York-based leveraged buyout firm, with responsibility for AEA's business activities throughout Asia. From 1983 to 1991, Mr. Orlins was with the investment banking firm of Lehman Brothers where he was a managing director from 1985 to 1991. From 1987 to 1990, he served as president of Lehman Brothers Asia. From 1976 to 1979, Mr. Orlins served in the Office of the Legal Advisor of the United States Department of State, first in the Office of the Assistant Legal Advisor for Political-Military Affairs and then for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. While in that office, he was a member of the legal team that helped establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Mr. Orlins is a magna cum laude graduate of Harvard College and earned his law degree at Harvard Law School. He speaks Mandarin Chinese and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Daniel H. Rosen
Report author Daniel H. Rosen is a founding partner of Rhodium Group and leads the firm's work on China. Mr. Rosen has more than two decades of experience analyzing China's economy, corporate sector and U.S.-China economic and commercial relations. He is affiliated with a number of American think tanks focused on international economics, and is an adjunct associate professor at Columbia University. From 2000–2001, Mr. Rosen was senior adviser for international economic policy at the White House National Economic Council and National Security Council. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and board member of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations.
Stephen M. Shafer
Stephen M. Shafer has been president of 3M Greater China Area since October 2016, responsible for the leadership and management of all businesses of 3M's largest overseas market, 3M Greater China Area, which includes mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. He held several other roles at 3M before coming to China, including vice president of 3M Business Transformation, strategic marketing director of Safety and Security, and business director of Packaging Systems and Global Tapes and Adhesives. Prior to 3M, Shafer was associate principal at McKinsey & Company, a top global consulting firm, from 2002 to 2010, counseling top executives on commercial optimization, strategy and performance improvement initiatives. Between 1997 and 2002, Shafer worked at Ford Motor Company and made outstanding achievements in driving profit growth, cost reduction and effective logistic management for the company. Prior to that, he was an engineer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, supporting various aeronautics projects. Shafer holds a BS in industrial engineering from Northwestern University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Report Launch
American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai
Rhodium Group
China General Chamber of Commerce - USA
East West Bank
The American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai
The Starr Foundation
The National Committee on United States-China Relations, Inc., welcomes financial and in-kind contributions. The Committee is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization and, as such, donations to it are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law.
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