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alisonneplokh 2:04 pm on April 25, 2018	Permalink
Tags: FCC ( 14 ), News ( 2 ), Spectrum
Our Love Story begins in 2009. As part of the National Broadband Plan, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had a bold idea to fix what it foresaw as a looming spectrum crunch for wireless broadband service. The FCC would broker an auction/exchange between television broadcasters and wireless carriers, and shuffle channels around as necessary. In other words, the wireless industry saw broadcast spectrum and said, "You Belong With Me."
But how much spectrum should be moved from television to mobile broadband? Nobody knew. Wildly optimistic predictions about the demand for mobile spectrum fueled visions of reallocating as much as 144 MHz of spectrum away from television broadcasters. Others, however, wondered if the auction would succeed at all. When it came time for the FCC to change the frequency allocations, there was only one conclusion: put everything on the table. So, in 2015, when the FCC adopted rules for the incentive auction, it put a Blank Space where the number of MHz to be allocated for wireless broadband would go. And, just in case its Wildest Dreams came true, the Wheeler FCC also made a dual allocation (for both TV and wireless broadband) across the entire UHF TV band domestically, and also lobbied for changes to the international table of frequency allocations at the 2015 World Radio Conference.
In 2017, the incentive auction closed, with 84 MHz being reallocated from television stations to wireless carriers. While the auction was a success, the anemic bidding in late rounds, lower than expected prices per MHz-pop, and unsold spectrum blocks in large markets like Los Angeles and San Diego suggests a complete lack of lingering demand. So, with all of the questions now answered, the FCC said, "Look What You Made Me Do" to the industries and removed the wireless allocation from spectrum at 512-608 MHz, as well as the broadcast allocation from 614 MHz and above.
Now, in 2018, it is time to go back to the International Telecommunications Union and update the international spectrum tables once again. The market has spoken. Everything has Changed. There is no reason to keep a wireless allocation below 608 MHz. For the wireless companies to keep a claim to something they have no intention to use is pure greed. That spectrum is for broadcasting Forever and Always. This is our End Game.
Patrick McFadden 1:20 pm on March 23, 2016	Permalink
Tags: FCC ( 14 ), incentive auction ( 5 ), Spectrum
Time to Stick to the Facts and Find the Right Answer
These are exciting times. The long-anticipated broadcast television spectrum incentive auction is scheduled to begin in less than one week. Designing the reverse and forward auctions has been a herculean task, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) staff deserves a great deal of credit for bringing the auction to this point in a timely fashion. But, unfortunately for the Commission, once the auction is complete, its work is only half done. That's because the end of the auction brings perhaps the most challenging phase of all: repacking many hundreds – if not more than a thousand – broadcasters to new frequencies in the television band.
As NAB has repeatedly documented, broadcasters have serious concerns about the arduous repacking process ahead. After all, it took the better part of a decade and three extensions of time to complete the digital television (DTV) transition, which involved relocating far fewer broadcasters, did not rely on flash cuts and was buttressed by tens of millions of dollars designed to help consumers make the switch to digital. Above all, however, the greatest worry with respect to the upcoming 600 MHz transition is the Commission's current rule requiring every broadcaster to complete its involuntary relocation within only 39 months following the auction. If the FCC is serious about repacking as many as 1,300 broadcasters, anyone who has any understanding of the broadcast industry knows that it is impossible to accomplish that task in such a short period of time.
Fortunately, the FCC commissioners have uniformly recognized the challenges associated with the repack and have indicated in testimony before Congress that – despite the current rules – they in no way want to see any broadcaster forced off the air for reasons beyond their control.
On the other hand, the FCC's chairman has continued to insist that the 39-month timeline is sound. When pressed by Congress to defend that deadline given that the FCC has not done any serious analysis of what it would actually take to conduct a nationwide repack, the chairman explained that 39 months was a reasonable timeline, because, after all, even NAB had originally suggested that 30 months would be sufficient. This answer is disingenuous, and given that it has been repeated on several occasions by Commission staff, it's time to address and bury it once and for all.
More than three years ago, NAB submitted its initial comments in the incentive auction proceeding (then under Chairman Julius Genachowski) recommending that the FCC extend its proposed timeline for moving stations to new channels following the upcoming broadcast spectrum incentive auction. The FCC had proposed a minuscule 18-month timeline, to which NAB responded, "[t]he 18-month construction time frame proposed in the Notice for relocating stations is unrealistically short."[1] At the time, NAB assumed, as many did, that the Commission was considering relocating "approximately 400 to 500 stations."[2] Thus, NAB recommended that the FCC extend the deadline to 30 months, which should be enough time to "allow most stations to complete" the transition.[3] In addition, to stretch that 30 months as long as possible, NAB also proposed that "the forward auction should not be deemed completed until, or after, the time at which stations file their construction permit applications,"[4] which the Commission did not adopt. And finally, NAB made clear that "based on television stations' experiences in the DTV transition, stations in certain metropolitan areas (such as New York City and Denver) and stations in border areas requiring international coordination could require substantially longer than even three years to construct new facilities."[5]
Thus, not only did NAB rely on information at the time that suggested only 400 to 500 stations would move, and seek to push back the starting point for the timetable until after construction permits were issued, we also asserted that even repacking all of 400 to 500 of stations would require more than 30 months.
Beyond those inconvenient details, there have been three important developments in the intervening three-plus years. First, the FCC released a set of sample repacking scenarios in the summer of 2014, suggesting that the Commission is likely to repack far more stations than NAB anticipated in our 2013 comments. Instead of moving perhaps 400 stations to new channels, the FCC's publicly released simulations suggested that the FCC could require more than 1,300 stations to relocate. Second, once the FCC released this data, NAB commissioned a study – the first of its kind – to examine each of the challenging elements that make up a nationwide repack of many hundreds or more than 1,000 stations. Third, in May 2014, the FCC surprised everyone by adopting a "death penalty" repacking rule that would require stations unable to complete their transitions within 39 months – no matter what the reason – to go off the air. The rule did not contemplate any exceptions or extensions – a rigid and inflexible deadline that no one anticipated.
Faced with this new information, NAB re-evaluated the timeline for the upcoming broadcaster transition. It became immediately clear that 39 months would not provide sufficient time to repack the number of stations the Commission was anticipating. As a result, NAB has asked the Commission to establish aggressive, but achievable, deadlines for repacked television stations after the auction, when more is known about many stations will move, where they are located and to which channels they will be moved.
This evolution is certainly reasonable. New facts and circumstances demand new solutions. While it is concerning that some continue to hide behind comments NAB submitted more than three years ago under different circumstances, it's frightening that these same officials are hiding at all. The point of the repacking conversation is not to prove who is right; rather it's to get it right. As the FCC pivots to thinking about repacking – which is now likely less than a year away – rather than being cute about past comments, it should actually engage and wrestle with the enormously complex repacking problem ahead. Only that course will give the broadcasting and wireless industries confidence that the post-auction transition will be a success.
[1] Comments of the National Association of Broadcasters at 50, GN Docket No. 12-268 (Jan. 25, 2013).
[3] Id. (emphasis added).
[4] Id.
Patrick McFadden 12:24 pm on September 11, 2015	Permalink
Tags: FCC ( 14 ), Spectrum
Some Changes for a More Balanced Auction
Yesterday, NAB filed a limited petition for reconsideration of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) recent "Procedures Public Notice" laying out additional details concerning the forthcoming broadcast spectrum incentive auction. First, we're asking the Commission to reconsider its decision to relocate TV stations in the duplex gap, which eliminates the only remaining exclusive use spectrum available for wireless microphones broadcasters use to cover breaking news and emergencies. Second, we're asking the Commission to reconsider the level of market variability it will permit in light of recent progress made in international coordination with Canada and Mexico. We're limiting our request for reconsideration to those two issues primarily because they are subject to quick fixes. The Commission could grant our request without in any way threatening its target March 29, 2016 start date for the auction.
Separately, we are also seeking clarification as to whether the FCC's current incentive auction design is consistent with the Spectrum Act's requirement that the incentive auction be voluntary for broadcasters – or whether the FCC's chosen mechanism will effectively nudge broadcasters into participating.
Here's the issue. The natural consequence of the FCC's variable band plan is that some broadcasters will be assigned channels that are in the new wireless band – that is, they will be operating on channels that are used by wireless carriers in other markets. For a long time, the FCC had been suggesting that broadcasters would be randomly selected to be placed into the wireless band, and it would not be based on whether and to what extent they participated in the auction. Obviously, it would be alarming if the FCC made judgments based on participation.
The recent Procedures Public Notice, however, could be read to suggest the FCC has decided that only non-participating stations will be placed in the wireless band if the auction successfully closes at the initial clearing target. In addition, it appears that the only other stations that could be added to that list are broadcasters who participate but drop out in one stage, only to see the auction move on to another stage because it could not close. In other words, if the auction fails to close at that initial stage, the only additional stations that can be relocated to the wireless bands are stations that drop out because their asking price is too high. This doesn't exactly sound "voluntary" to most broadcasters.
While the Commission doesn't seem to believe there is any harm to broadcasters if they are assigned a channel in the wireless band because they will receive the same protections in the repacking process as other stations, no broadcaster would voluntarily choose relocation there.
Television stations operating co- or adjacent channel to new wireless licensees will be extremely limited in terms of their ability to expand their facilities after the auction. As a practical matter, this may constrain their ability to relocate, increase their service area or even innovate. Further, broadcasters, as well as the Commission itself, are all too familiar with the uncertainty and disputes surrounding television stations operating on channel 51 and wireless carriers operating in the 700 MHz Lower A Block. Stations on channel 51 are protected by the Commission's rules, just as the Commission is now promising to protect stations stranded in the 600 MHz band. Those protections, however, have not prevented costly and time-consuming disputes. Similarly, a broadcaster that has a station relocated in the 600 MHz band will have to factor the prospect of ongoing inter-service interference issues into its business plans.
The bottom line is that a broadcaster placed in the wireless band will be surrounded by wireless operations that are incompatible with, and hostile to, the broadcaster's continued operations. It would be as if one's home was forcibly relocated to a commercially-zoned neighborhood; the home might be identical, but it would not be as comfortable, and certainly not as valuable.
Our hope is that the confusion emerging from the Procedures PN is just that and that broadcasters do not now have to factor in their participation decision the potential penalty of being shipped to the wireless band. The incentive auction can be a tremendous success as a voluntary auction and broadcasters – not just the speculators – are eager to keep the process moving swiftly.
Rick Kaplan 11:52 am on July 22, 2015	Permalink
Tags: Spectrum
You Want Breaking News Coverage? Then Mind the Gap
When was the last time you turned to TV to follow details of breaking news as it unfolded – the real, on-the-ground coverage from reporters in the field? In the first half of this year alone, we learned firsthand about the civil unrest in Baltimore following the death of Freddie Gray, followed with bated breath the manhunt throughout local communities in upstate New York for two convicted murders who had escaped from prison, watched crowds of Americans gather on the South Carolina State House grounds to see a flag come down and heard from those rallying on the Supreme Court steps from local TV reporters at the scene.
If you care about live, on-the-ground coverage of events that are shaping our world – then you care about something called the duplex gap.
Last year, the FCC announced it would no longer reserve two channels in each market within the TV band for critical wireless microphone use, which is essential for broadcaster coverage of breaking news and emergencies. Instead, the FCC decided to set aside space for wireless microphones in the duplex gap, a vacant lot of spectrum located within the wireless band. Wireless mics' new home in the duplex gap was by no means a perfect solution, but it was all the FCC said it could manage, and broadcasters have done their best over the past year to start figuring out exactly how to make these new digs work.
But just as mics were getting ready to settle into their new home, the FCC just last month said there was one more catch: this real estate would not be available everywhere, as the FCC will place TV stations themselves in the duplex gap in certain markets after the spectrum auction. When a TV station sets up shop in the gap, no other service can use it, including the mics used by reporters rushing to cover tragedy, weather emergencies and other critical events on the ground.
This was quite a change from the FCC's initial promise, so many parties, including FCC commissioners, asked Commission staff to explain why this about-face was necessary. In producing its information, the staff revealed that it had only done an analysis of one possible scenario for each of three spectrum recovery targets, but staff argued that data showed that in certain markets the FCC needed to put stations in the duplex gap. Chairman Wheeler has said that the number of affected markets would be no more than six. This proposed change is very bad news for newsgatherers who rely on wireless mics to report the news, for viewers who depend upon local and national reporters to get in the middle of a story and public safety officials, who work hand-in-hand with local broadcasters to keep the public and first responders safe.
But the FCC staff is insistent on undoing the original compromise and broadcasters are now in a pickle. We support the auction and want to see it succeed. But we also know we need wireless microphone technology to ably cover the news and keep our communities safe.
So yesterday NAB proposed a new compromise (or "recompromise") – one that is far from ideal for us – but one that at least holds the Commission to its (new) word, and asks that no more than one station in each of six markets (if necessary) are put in the duplex gap to avoid widespread elimination of wireless microphone use to cover local news. Six markets is damage enough, especially if one of them is the second-largest. But if that's the number, then let's agree to it, figure out alternative solutions in those markets for wireless mics and go forward.
If the answer, however, is that it's potentially more than six markets, the FCC has a major credibility problem. If the goalposts move again, we should all be wary of what's in store for this auction. For it to be successful, we all need to be able to trust the FCC.
Broadcasters have met the FCC far more than halfway. Now let's put it in ink and move on to the auction and better solutions for broadcasters, their viewers and public safety.
Patrick McFadden 11:04 am on April 30, 2015	Permalink
What to Expect When You Are Expecting (TV White Spaces Comments)
Last month, NAB filed a petition asking the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to amend certain rules governing the use of TV White Spaces (TVWS) devices. In particular, we asked the FCC to require fixed TVWS devices to eliminate the illusory notion of "professional installation," an undefined concept that allows an installer to enter the location of a device in the TVWS database. We're asking the FCC to require automatic geolocation capability, and to hold database administrators accountable for falsified information entered into the database.
While oppositions and comments on our petition are not due until tomorrow, the responses are predictable, and, in the public interest we thought we'd provide a little primer to what you are likely to see from TV white space proponents and their proxies.
TVWS COMMENT #1: "NAB cannot identify a single instance of harmful interference caused by an unlicensed device."
This is a personal favorite, because it's misleading on so many different levels. First, it's a little like saying you shouldn't wear a seatbelt because you haven't yet had a car accident, or you shouldn't have homeowners insurance because your house hasn't yet burned down. No adult uses this approach in real life. Instead, we take reasonable precautions, precisely to avoid bad outcomes we can clearly anticipate. Second, there's no surefire way to know if there has been harmful interference to licensed services from unlicensed devices. If a television viewer can't receive a particular channel, she has no way of knowing if that's due to a neighbor's use of a TVWS device; she may just assume she can't receive that channel and give up. Third, there are less than 600 TVWS devices operating nationwide right now. Yes, in the entire United States. Saying TVWS devices haven't yet caused interference is a little like saying you haven't yet been attacked by Bigfoot. It's a true statement, but it doesn't prove anything, and you probably don't want to brag about it in public.
TVWS COMMENT #2: "Problem? What problem? The FCC has cleaned up the database."
Not long after NAB filed its petition, the FCC went to work to clean up the database. TVWS enthusiasts are likely to say that the database has now been thoroughly scrubbed and polished and, as a result, there is no longer a problem. This is the equivalent of a teenager telling his parents he cleaned his room when all he did was shovel everything into the closet and slam the door. What you won't hear is that anyone – yes, even you! – can register a TVWS device in the database right now, using a falsified location, and get access to channels you should not be able to use. Are you in Washington, D.C. and stuck without a single vacant TVWS channel? Don't worry! You can easily register your device and enter its location as rural Montana to get access to channels that are currently occupied by local licensed users. This is the result of an obviously broken system destined to lead to interference problems.
TVWS COMMENT #3: "TV White Spaces are really, really cool."
They may try to distract you. Because they don't want to acknowledge the problem, and because they can't deny the risk of interference, one or more TVWS enthusiasts will point at a really shiny object, and hope you look. They'll wax poetic about the untapped, limitless benefits of more unlicensed spectrum for their corporate financiers. They'll promise "Super WiFi," "WiFi on steroids," increased broadband competition, and expanded rural service. Of course, they won't acknowledge that there are only a few hundred of these devices operating right now, five years and counting after the FCC approved the current rules.
TVWS COMMENT #4: "NAB's petition is premature. Don't worry."
Kicking the can down the road is a great way to try to outlast the opposition. Some will argue that, even if there is a problem, the FCC can easily fix it later. This is, of course, shortsighted; rumor has it horses are really hard to chase down once they've been let out of the barn. Instead, a more reasonable approach is to establish clear rules of the road and allow manufacturers to start incorporating automatic geolocation capability in new devices before the market heats up. If, and it's a big if, white spaces technology ever actually does live up to the rather large promises its proponents have been making, retrofitting thousands or hundreds of thousands of devices to incorporate geolocation capability will be costly and disruptive. That's exactly the outcome NAB is trying to avoid.
NAB is eager to create an environment in which TV White Spaces can be used effectively while protecting existing licensed users. That's why we have proposed only modest rule changes to help make White Spaces work for everyone. The rules already require some TVWS devices to have automatic geolocation capability – we're merely asking the FCC to extend that requirement to fixed devices, which transmit at high power. We're also asking the FCC to take the simple step of incorporating some basic accountability into its database administrator rules, so as to avoid the next batch of John Q. Public registrations with addresses in Anytown, USA, and phone numbers of 867-5309. These changes aren't complicated, and they aren't costly. Let's get this done.
Bob Weller 10:24 am on March 30, 2015	Permalink
Defanging a Paper Tiger
Every broadcaster dreads a visit by a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inspector, but broadcasters also know that the presence of the "Highway Patrol of the Airwaves" helps keep the playing field level and the participants honest. Violators of the FCC's rules risk detection and know that a fine (or worse) may result.
For longer than the FCC itself has existed, a network of field offices has been key to maintaining order on the airwaves by resolving interference disputes, shutting down unlicensed operators and providing valuable and dispassionate advice on the FCC's rules and policies that help minimize ongoing spectrum conflicts. The FCC's own website observes that its field offices are its "eyes and ears" on the ground. Unfortunately, FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler is now circulating an order that effectively leaves the FCC in the dark.
Earlier this month, Chairman Wheeler proposed to his colleagues to close more than half of the FCC's field offices and cut field enforcement staff by almost two-thirds. New York City, Atlanta, Miami, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Dallas and Columbia, Maryland: that's the entire list of offices that would remain open. Slated for closure are offices near major cities like Seattle, Denver, Boston, Philadelphia and Houston.
GPS outage in Honolulu? Chairman Wheeler says he'll send a "Tiger Team" from Columbia, Maryland, to work on it. Sheriff department radios getting jammed in Tampa? Someone will be there within 24 hours, he told Rep. Gus Bilirakis (FL-12). All technical enforcement for the entire nation will be handled by a cadre of just 33 FCC agents spread across only eight offices.
As it stands today, most of the field offices already operate with only a skeleton crew. In 1995, the FCC automated its monitoring station operations, resulting in the closure of more than a dozen field offices with a commensurate reduction in staffing. Some of the remaining offices were converted to "Resident Agencies," a euphemism for a one- or two-person office with no support staff. At that time, the FCC offered early retirement and a humane personnel relocation program. Increased training, improved technology and a reasonable travel budget were offered as assurances that no reduction in enforcement effectiveness would result.
In the past couple of weeks, the FCC's Enforcement Bureau informed stakeholders that there would be no reduction in enforcement effectiveness because there would be increased training for the remaining agents, improved technology and an increase in travel funds. Do those assurances sound familiar? Even if all of the promises are kept about new training and new equipment and more money for gasoline, and even if the FCC continues to largely ignore all complaints except for interference to public safety (as they do today), the proposed staffing numbers just don't add up. People take leave, training takes time, on-scene investigations mean in-office paperwork. So, the actual number of field agents available for assignment on a typical day might be half the total, or 16. Sixteen pairs of boots on the ground, doing field investigations for the FCC for the entire country. Think about that.
In 1935, shortly after the FCC was established, there were about 50,000 FCC-licensed stations, including two-way, broadcast, amateur and marine. Unlicensed devices, such as WiFi, microwave ovens and garage door openers did not exist. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of licensed stations and hundreds of millions of unlicensed devices. How can the FCC reasonably expect to keep on top of all these transmitters and ensure the safety of Americans with a day-to-day crew of perhaps 16 field agents nationwide?
The problems with the FCC's spectrum enforcement plan will only be compounded by its intention to promote additional spectrum sharing. NAB supports the concept of spectrum sharing, but a robust mechanism for enforcement is critical to ensure that devices operate only on the frequencies they are authorized. Even if a fraction of a percent of devices have incorrect data or malfunction, widespread interference – including interference to safety-of-life services – will result. That means disrupted emergency and AMBER Alerts, unreliable police and fire communications, riskier air travel and a host of other scary possibilities.
Just last week, NAB filed an emergency petition for rulemaking asking the FCC to fix its broken white space database. One-third or more of the database entries contain errors, many of them serious enough to obscure the location and/or ownership of the actual transmitters, which are required to register in a database so that they can be shut down if interference occurs. The FCC is now proposing to expand use of white spaces in part because of the purported sparkling quality and wild success of the database system. Further, the agency proposes to use the white space database system as a model for frequency-sharing in other bands, including some used by Department of Defense radars and weak-signal satellite downlinks.
The unauthorized use of devices can, and has in the past, caused widespread interference – including interference to safety-of-life services. FCC field staff are uniquely qualified with training, equipment and authority to locate and shut down such devices. Even if the affected user is able to identify the source of the problem, there is no right of private action in the Communications Act that could force the source shut down. State and local law enforcement are reluctant to take on interference or unauthorized transmitter cases due, understandably, to lack of expertise. FCC field staff possess the expertise and have sole authority to investigate and enforce laws relating to radio.
Fortunately, there is still time for the FCC to reverse course and rethink its proposal to gut the field offices. Perhaps it took the proposal itself to help the agency realize just how valuable those who use radio frequencies believe the field offices to be. Most of all, at a time when it the FCC is pursuing policies that will inevitably create an environment where interference is more likely to occur, it must not devastate its field enforcement resources.
Rick Kaplan 1:20 pm on April 29, 2014	Permalink
I Suppose It's Worth A Try (When You Are On a Roll…)
There is overstating and then there is overstating.
Last week, NAB proposed to the FCC commissioners some changes to the 600 MHz band plan included in the draft incentive auction order currently under review at the Commission. Specifically, NAB asked the FCC to shelve its planned 6-to-11 megahertz duplex gap that would be shared between wireless and unlicensed services, and instead adopt NAB's "Plan B" and use a flat 10 or 11 megahertz duplex gap, of which 4 or 5 megahertz would be reserved exclusively for wireless microphones. NAB believes this is both fair and essential, as licensed wireless microphone users will be foregoing the current two exclusive 6 megahertz channels in favor of only 4 or 5 megahertz vital to providing breaking news coverage in local communities throughout the country.
In response, New America Foundation's Michael Calabrese blasted NAB's proposal, saying that it "would be a death sentence for unlicensed broadband and innovation post-auction."
That statement almost made me feel badly. Were we essentially recommending an end to unlicensed innovation as we know it? Would our proposal lead to no more WiFi, garage door openers or cordless phones? Are we proposing to kill off baby monitors, and putting infants at risk across the nation? What have we become?
After some serious soul-searching, my grandmother's famous chicken soup (good for the soul) and a long hard look in the mirror, I looked to the facts to see if Mr. Calabrese was really on to something.
Fact #1: In March, the FCC massively expanded the spectrum designated for unlicensed services by allocating more than 100 megahertz for that purpose in the 5 GHz band.
Fact #2: Just last week, the FCC launched a proceeding to free up as much as 150 megahertz more spectrum for unlicensed services, this time at 3.5 GHz.
Fact #3: In the draft incentive auction order, the proposal for the 600 MHz band is likely to render the duplex gap unusable for unlicensed services. It envisions scenarios where the duplex gap would be anywhere between 6 and 11 megahertz. Any plan allocating less than 11 or 12 megahertz between LTE uplink and downlink will, according to the unlicensed community, render that spectrum far less valuable.
Fact #4: The FCC's draft incentive auction order opens up channel 37 and a new guard band that will give unlicensed users brand new nationwide bands, including, for the first time, spectrum in major markets such as New York and Los Angeles.
Fact #5: Under the draft incentive auction order, not only do wireless microphones lose well over half of their shared spectrum, but licensed wireless mic operators lose all 12 megahertz that are designated for exclusive use. Thus, if approved, wireless microphones will have gone from more than 60 megahertz of exclusive spectrum to zero in just five years. If there is any kind of "death sentence" in the draft order, it's clearly just for wireless microphones.
Unlicensed spectrum advocates – primarily Google and Microsoft – are on a serious roll in the spectrum department. In proceeding after proceeding, they keep racking up more free spectrum. And I completely subscribe to the theory of when you are on a roll, you should keep shooting. Mr. Calabrese's play is really no more than a "heat check" for the spectrum world and Mr. Calabrese, along with Google and Microsoft, is probably feeling a lot like the Golden State Warriors' Steph Curry right now.
Thirty-foot jump shots aside, it is clear that absolutely no innovation is lost under NAB's "Plan B." In fact, the unlicensed community will exit 2014 having earned massive allocations of spectrum, including new nationwide spectrum blocks in the 600 MHz band. Thus, NAB's proposal does nothing to drive a stake through the beating heart of unlicensed broadband innovation.
On the other hand, it is hard to overstate the harm the current draft order would do to wireless microphones and the essential public service they help deliver. These devices – an innovation themselves, for what it's worth – help broadcasters on a daily basis cover breaking news and weather in local cities and towns across the nation. When the president followed developments in the Boston bombing tragedy, he watched multiple local Boston broadcast TV stations to get well-informed, up-to-date, on-scene reporting. In order for that to happen, broadcasters relied on wireless microphones to deliver the news as it was breaking.
Some unlicensed spectrum advocates believe the TV white spaces database to be some kind of panacea. It is not. FCC rules require that devices check the database only once every 24 hours. Thus, broadcasters can only be sure to be free from interference from unlicensed devices sharing their wireless microphone channels if the world is kind enough to inform them of breaking news a day in advance. And even if the FCC finally amends its rules to permit more frequent checking – which it should have done at the outset – in times of crisis wireless networks often go down, rendering the database useless. That is exactly what happened in Boston following last year's horrific bombing.
In a more temperate moment, Mr. Calabrese also noted that his coalition "strongly supports the NAB's position that the FCC should continue to reserve two vacant broadcast channels for priority use by licensed wireless microphones." He states that "[t]hese channels could be designated post-auction in each market and therefore would not in any way reduce the Commission's flexibility during the auction."
To be clear, NAB's "Plan A" that Mr. Calabrese refers to involves retaining today's two exclusive channels pre- and not post-auction. This is because a post-auction reservation means essentially nothing in all of the major markets. In most of the top 100 markets, following the auction there will be no spectrum whatsoever available for reservation. Repacking and reallocation will take care of that.
Now I understand the eagerness of many companies – especially major tech companies and wireless carriers – to feed off of the broadcaster carcass in the upper 600 MHz band. The Chicken Little approach, however, won't get it done. Facts will. And the fact is that wireless microphones need some small exclusive home in their 600 MHz band in order for newsgatherers to keep providing the kind of on-scene up-to-date information for their viewers. There is a place for nearly everyone in the incentive auction, and both NAB's Plan A and B for wireless microphones reflects the best and most appropriate balance.
Rick Kaplan 3:00 pm on March 28, 2014	Permalink
Tags: channel sharing, FCC ( 14 ), Spectrum
Today's Therapy: Trust and Sharing
Today television stations KLCS and KJLA released a comprehensive report on their channel sharing pilot in Los Angeles.
For broadcasters, the results are not a surprise. The report confirms that channel sharing is technically feasible. Many broadcasters have been doing it for years through multicasting. In fact, the challenges for channel sharing will primarily be on the business side, as there are complex financial and legal arrangements that must be addressed.
We are already hearing great fanfare from the FCC regarding the report. It's a chance for FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler to continue to encourage broadcasters to channel share – having one's cake and eating it too, as he puts it – in order for the FCC to reclaim additional spectrum for its upcoming incentive auction.
Most interesting, however, is that, at the same time the chairman is making a big channel sharing push, he is working to eliminate another kind of sharing arrangement on which broadcasters have come to rely. Specifically, on Monday the FCC is scheduled to vote on a proposal that will no longer allow television broadcasters to enter into sharing arrangements called Joint Sales Agreements (JSAs). Not only will the new rule prohibit such agreements going forward, but the chairman also seeks to apply the rule retroactively, quashing the scores of sharing arrangements the FCC has been steadily approving for years.
It doesn't take a Wall Street baron – which local broadcasters certainly are not – to recognize that approach is dead wrong.
In fact, it's not hard to see the inconsistency, if not the irony, in the FCC's channel sharing push in the incentive auction context as it concurrently votes to, well, prohibit sharing. The chairman is essentially saying he wants to see broadcasters share facilities, including transmitting equipment and towers, because that is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, but that broadcasters must unwind agreements they voluntarily entered, with Commission approval, regarding sharing other resources, because that's bad.
Now of course these types of sharing are not exactly the same thing, but at least one thing inextricably links them: in order to feel comfortable enough to channel share in the incentive auction, broadcasters and investors have to have confidence that the rules won't be changed down the road.
The natural question then becomes how can broadcasters be assured that the goal posts won't be moved after the game has started? In fact, how does this retroactive order help build trust for any facet of the auction, let alone any other rules promulgated by the Commission?
The fact is they can't. Given the proposed action on JSAs, can broadcasters have any certainty that channel sharing rules won't be altered too? You were promised must-carry rights if you channel shared? Oh, we're sorry, it's now 2017 and we've changed our minds.
And let's be clear, on the heels of the pending JSA order, broadcasters' concerns with the auction will extend far beyond channel sharing. They will wonder about the costs of participating in the auction in the first place.
For the auction to be a success, it is essential that broadcasters who are would-be participants have complete trust in the agency overseeing the process, and that the rules won't change on the fly.
There is nothing that erodes confidence in a regulatory agency more than uncertainty. Now the chairman has said he is providing certainty with the new rule. What he is really doing, however, is creating massive uncertainty. How can any business count on what the FCC says anymore? You now have to wonder, will the FCC change its mind on something it told you was lawful? How can you plausibly continue to invest based on the Commission's word?
The JSA crackdown has created tremendous doubt in many broadcasters' minds. Broadcasters who might be willing participants in an auction are now asking: Are we going to get "JSA'd?"
The Commission must avoid this impression at all costs. One start would be to pull, or at the very least amend, the JSA proposal. There is simply no compelling need to undo deals that the Commission has already blessed.
The next step is for the FCC to truly work collaboratively with broadcasters. Demonstrate not through words, but actions, that it is reliable and that it respects our industry. That it doesn't merely see us as yesterday's technology buried by a broadband revolution.
I keep hearing that the single most important facet of the auction is broadcaster participation. That is true, and the right level of participation may still be possible. But if the Commission takes more actions like the one on JSAs currently before it, I fear the auction will be an unfortunate waste of everyone's time.
Rick Kaplan 2:00 pm on January 28, 2014	Permalink
What to Expect When You Are Expecting
For those interested in the voluntary broadcast spectrum incentive auction, this should be an interesting week at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). At the FCC's monthly meeting, the Commission's staff will lay out its timeline and project plan for the upcoming auction. This update should be helpful, as all stakeholders seek to get a better handle on what to expect next. Most of all, we hope that the staff seizes this opportunity to go beyond a discussion of dates and timelines – auction timelines have garnered the bulk of the headlines so far – and delve into their current thinking on the substance of the auction and its components. This week's meeting comes nearly 500 days after the incentive auction Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) was adopted, and the FCC has since collected approximately 350 ex parte submissions and 375 written comments on the subject. The time certainly is ripe for the staff to let the public in on its proposed approach to a variety of hotly contested topics.
To be more specific, here are some things NAB would like to see emerge from Thursday's meeting:
The staff discusses its latest thinking on the 600 MHz band plan.
The chairman announces that he is forming an "expert user group" of outside stakeholders who are willing to commit the time and resources to evaluating the auction and repacking software once it has been created. This group will test the software to ensure the final product will produce the intended results, without unpleasant surprises.
The staff provides a substantive update on its latest work on the international front. The report will not merely list the number of meetings with Canada and Mexico; but rather, will detail how the staff intends to proceed if it has no agreement in place with one or both countries. The chairman indicated in a House hearing last month that he does not expect to have such agreements. Assuming that it is even lawful to proceed with the auction without these agreements (and NAB believes it is not), how will a lack of meaningful coordination affect the auction and the amount of spectrum recovered across the country?
The chairman announces that the Commission will move certain parts of the incentive auction order sooner, rather than later. Discrete pieces of the order, such as which broadcasters will receive protection in the repacking, the process for relocating and protecting translators and low-power TVs and the eligibility constraints, if any, placed on forward auction bidders, can and should be decided now, helping the process move more swiftly overall.
The staff announces that it will release the long-awaited Public Notice on co-channel interference.
The staff of the Office of Engineering and Technology announces that it has dropped its proposed incentive-auction-specific changes to OET-69, and instead will focus all of its energy on ensuring the accuracy of the repacking model. The proposed changes, as well as literally 12 different versions of the TVStudy software (in less than a year), have only served to introduce uncertainty into the process and threaten to slow down the auction process considerably.
The staff discusses its plans for wireless microphones, in light of the fact that the NPRM suggests displacing their operations although offers no solution as to where this critical service might find a home.
It would also be a welcome sign to see the chairman publicly affirm that the Commission, under his watch, will in no way take actions to harm broadcasters in unrelated proceedings to encourage participation in the auction. Not only would such actions be unlawful, they would be bad policy. If there was ever a time the Commission needed to develop trust with broadcasters, that time is now. Our participation in all phases of the auction is essential to its success. We are eagerly watching and waiting to develop a true partnership with the Commission as it seeks to execute the first spectrum incentive auction in history.
Dennis Wharton 11:19 am on January 22, 2014	Permalink
Spectrum Sophistry
Thank you, Jeffrey Eisenach.
Thank you for driving a stake deep in the heart of one of the Beltway's biggest whoppers – namely, that broadcasters are the boondoggle beneficiaries of "free spectrum."
For my 31 years living in "This Town," it's been presented as gospel that TV stations "got the airwaves for nothing." It started as "the $60 billion giveaway," morphed into $80 billion, and if memory serves me correct, eventually became a "$600 billion giveaway". (Do I hear $600 trillion gazillion, anyone?)
"The Largest Corporate Welfare Program in History" read one headline. "The Best Bargain Since Manhattan" screamed another.
Which brings me to the aforementioned Jeffrey Eisenach. A few months back, this well-respected economist was asked to review the validity of claims of a "TV spectrum giveaway".
After an intensive review of FCC filings, the compilation of data from media research firms and an analysis of communications law and history, here's what Eisenach found:
Ninety-two percent of all existing full-power television broadcasters PAID MARKET RATES for spectrum licenses on the secondary market. Today, fewer than one in ten full power TV licenses is held by an original licensee, and collectively, broadcasters have shelled out $50 billion dollars for their TV licenses (which, coincidentally, just happens to be just about exactly the amount of money that the FCC has raised in spectrum auctions).
Translation: Suggestions of broadcasters being the recipients of a "billion dollar giveaway" are – in a word – bogus.
But wait, this gets better. Eisenach also exposed the hypocrisy of those who bemoan the government's "broadcast spectrum giveaway."
As Eisenach makes clear – long before the FCC's first spectrum auction — wireless carriers and satellite TV providers DISH and DIRECTV were the recipients of FREE spectrum themselves. Those "free" airwaves remain in the hands of the original licensees or the companies that gobbled them up.
Moreover, these wireless and satellite TV providers who continue to operate on government-granted free spectrum have NONE of the public interest obligations of local TV stations. They have NO program decency standards, NO ownership limits, NO online political advertising requirements, and NO children's educational programming regulations.
Yet, is anyone calling out cellular companies for receiving spectrum "for free"? Is anyone objecting to DISH and DIRECTV's bonanza of "free spectrum"? I didn't think so.
And let's not forget: None of broadcasting's competitors embrace the localism mandate that broadcasters embrace. None of them have the network redundancy that is built into broadcasting which allows us to remain "always on" in times of crisis. Cellphone and broadband networks were rendered inoperable by events like Hurricane Sandy in New York, killer tornadoes in Oklahoma City, Tuscaloosa, and Joplin, Mo. and by the derecho in Washington, DC. When it mattered most, broadcasting was the indispensable medium because of its "one-to-everyone" architecture.
Harping on the false claim that broadcasters received spectrum "for free" ignores the tremendous investment local stations have made to utilize airwaves for its highest and best use. It also ignores the $15 billion broadcasters spent on the DTV transition, with no guarantee that a dime of that would be recouped.
Every day, local television stations and our network partners invest in quality news, weather, sports and entertainment that remains the most-watched programming on TV. More than 90 of the 100 top programs every week are on broadcast TV, and are available free of charge to anyone who installs a $50 antenna. Broadcast TV is growing because of the cord-cutting phenomenon, and today there are 59.7 million people who rely exclusively on over-the-air broadcast television.
There will always be distortions and half-truths served up by those who would love to eliminate free and local broadcasting as a competitive, innovative force in communications. Thanks to Jeffrey Eisenach, we can finally put to rest the phony claim of a "broadcast spectrum giveaway."


I graduated from Brown Mackie College in 2005 with an Associates Degree in Medical Assisting with a g.p.a of 3.8. Worked in Cardiology for 1 year, then was cross trained in the veterinary field as an assistant. Which I was trained in handling and holding, assisted in dentals and surgeries, and also did kennel care.
Holding and handling animals for veterinarian, assisted in dentals and surgeries, performed blood draws, gave vaccines and performed in house tests and checked results and reported results to Dr.
I gained the knowledge to perform tasks to assist in a medical facility.
I started volunteering when I was 11yrs. old in nursing homes and then as I was older I volunteered with my cat at nursing homes. I enjoyed my volunteering years with my feline sidekick Tigger until he passed away at the ripe age of 13.


It will be a good idea to ensure that you have kept your house in a perfect condition all the time and also ensure that it is attractive all the time. In case you own a home or you want to build a home, it will be a good thought to ensure that you have supplied it with the most excellent items so that you can keep it looking nice and perfectly maintained all the time.
In this case, it will be a perfect idea to ensure that you have bought the best and right widows for your house. You will be able to keep you house attractive and at the same time enhance a lot of benefits if you opt to go for the double glazed windows.
Many people dread moving from one place to another because they think that it is a hectic process but the secret to smooth and stress-free moving lies in choose the best moving company. The best moving company should have the capacity to move any items to whatever destination even if it is overseas. A wrong choice of a moving company is detrimental because you will waste a significant sum of money and valuable time. If you want the best results when moving your properties, you should consider the following aspects when choosing a moving company.
When finalizing the building of a house, you have to think on how the roofing will be done. You must, therefore, think on how you will get the best services to cover that part. For you to get the best, you need to be aware of the things to consider. The outline below contains some of the factors that you ought to consider when looking for roofing Bradenton.
If you are considering investing in a commercial building then financing is probably high on your list. One of the ways that you can be able to get money fast is by using a commercial broker since they have the skills and experience to find the right solutions for you. The various benefits associated with hiring a mortgage broker are briefly highlighted below.
Comfortability of the employees is a necessary aspect that a business owner has to ensure if at all they need their workers to be productive. Buying reliable office furniture is therefore a necessary factor that an individual has to consider. An individual will then need to make sure that when they head to the market, they do not just buy any office furniture that they get. This will therefore make it necessary for one to put into consideration the necessary tips below for them to be able to purchase the best office furniture.
The easiest way to make the insides of a house look elegant and well-lighted is by installing chandeliers on the roofs. Regularly, metals have been used for chandeliers- and is related with the times of old – yet nowadays, there are the crystals, sconce, candles and even wrought iron ones which are quickly becoming the main attraction in numerous homes.
Most homeowners would like to DIY when it comes to fixing their homes – that is all well and good but it takes a keen eye for detail, patience, and level of creativity in order to achieve the kind of look that they dream for their place. Even if you check beautiful and classy-looking homes, the easiest way to achieve that is by putting in a rectangular chandelier dining room location which is really the centerpiece of any home.
The most important step you can take when you are involved in an accident is to get the best personal injury lawyer. Hiring the best personal injury lawyer can ensure that you will have an expert by your side that can assist you to navigate through the details of your case. For you to get the best personal injury lawyer, it is imperative to take after a number of hints.


Today's card is my 4th entry for the Winter Coffee Lover's Bloghop...and I even have one more yet for you tomorrow too! I will also be entering it @ Cuttlebug Mania for "It's Christmas Time", @ The Crafty Addicts for "Anything Goes with an option of Non-traditional Christmas colors" and @ Mod Squad for "Non-Traditional Christmas Colors".
The sentiments are from the Verve Stamps digi shop and I enhanced them with a tiny bit of my favorite Stardust Gelly Roll Pen.
The frame die cuts are from my new favorite set of Crazy Stitched Frame Dies from Craftin' Desert Diva's and the largest is cut from this pretty patterned paper I got in a holiday pad from ACMoore. The tree background die was one of a set of 3 that was the freebie from one of my favorite British crafting magazines and was cut from white glitter paper that I got at JoAnn Fabrics.
Hope you are enjoying all the gorgeous creations along the Coffee Loving Cardmakers Hop! Until next time~ keep on colorin', craftin' and sipping coffee!
Great job coloring. I like how the snow sparkles.
Wonderful winter scene and your coloring is super. I love that lovely background for the sky and how you added sparkle to the snow.
A great scene with the cute girl image colored so well and the warm cup of coffee to share. Thanks so much for joining us in the challenge at the Mod Squad this week. I am glad to see you here.
How cute, love the coloring!
Well she's a little cutie isn't she?? Love this!
awww...this is so cute! Love your coloring.
very nice! Thanks for joining us at The Crafty Addicts.


The purpose of this study is to define a grammatical construct subject for Spanish sentences. Naturally, this task is only possible within a broader context: What is the sentence as a syntactic entity, and what is it composed of? The framework employed here is proposed by Steele (to appear) in the analysis of Luiseno. In the following pages, the readers will find that her framework also has validity in regard to Spanish, a language clearly distant from Luiseno. The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, the traditional definitions of the subject will be reviewed, as well as the inadequacies and drawbacks inherent to these definitions. In Section 3, the Spanish sentence will be analyzed in some detail. In Section 4, based on this analysis of the sentence, an alternative definition of the subject will be proposed. In Section 5, the implications of this proposal will be examined and it will be shown that our analysis offers a better account of facts of the Spanish language than any previous analyses. In Section 6, a conclusion will be presented.


Meditation is fundamental to all the great spiritual teachers and an important practice for anyone who is seeking personal empowerment and happiness in their lives. There are many forms of meditation but they all have one thing in common, they allow space for clarity and inspiration to arise into the conscious mind. Andy practices and teaches Tai Chi, Chi Kung, Zazen and Taoist meditation.
One of the wonderful things about Zazen and Tai Chi meditation is that it can be practiced anywhere and in any situation. This is because it is practiced with the eyes open and full awareness. It is about making a true connection with the outer universe (the macrocosm) and matching your own vibration (the microcosm) to its resonance. In this way you can be in harmony with all that is and choose which possibilities, from the unlimited field of potential, you want to call into actuality.
Being centred means being fully in the body. This acts as your connection to the earthly energies. Stretching is done by imagining a golden thread rising from the top of the head and gentling pulling you up. This opens the energies of the spine and the crown chakra so that you can draw in the heavenly energies. Relaxation in mind and body allows your chi (energy) to move freely. Breathing is done in a slow, relaxed way and allows for calmness and clarity. Concentration means opening up all the senses to full awareness of everything around you.
These principles can be applied to any situation and will allow for smooth passage through whatever energies you might encounter.


By Karl Klooser. Oregon Wine Services & Storage of McMinnville recently announced a merger agreement with Wineshipping of Napa, Calif., resulting in the creation of the country's largest wine services company.
Oregon Wine Services is the Oregon wine industry's largest consumer direct fulfillment providing shipping services for close to 300 of Oregon's wineries. OWS can ship to any state or international destination for which our clients are permitted.


This toddler witch costume is perfect for Halloween and inspired by the character from the Wizard of Oz. This girl's witch costume includes a black, polyester dress with long sleeves. It is trimmed in silver and has an attached green sequin vest and belt. The belt also has a silver buckle and black netting. The skirt is layered in green petals (please note the petals do not feature bows as pictured). "Oz" is written on the chest in silver with an image of the witch and a green flying monkey (not pictured) is printed on the skirt. A witch hat is also included. Great for brewing up fun this Halloween!


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Author: Tara Westover
Genres: Memoir, Non-Fiction
Pub. date: Feb. 2018 (read Nov. 2019 on Audible)
Educated was our book club pick for November and I really wanted to listen to it on audiobook, but it took me forever to finish my previous audiobook (The Amber Spyglass), so I was a bit late in starting it and had to really rush through it.
Fortunately it had a good narrator and it was a compelling story, so it wasn't too hard to listen to and push through. I've heard nothing but good things about this book since it came out, but I'm not a big non-fiction reader and it sounded a lot like The Glass Castle to me, so I never bothered to pick it up. I was excited to finally read it, but I do have to say that after finishing it, despite some differences, it did still remind me a lot of The Glass Castle.
Don't get me wrong, I really liked The Glass Castle and I really liked Educated, but it was really hard not to compare the two and at times I definitely got some serious deju-vu from Westover's story. While Tara Westover and Jeannette Walls did have different stories, there were still a lot of similarities. They both grew up in families with fathers suffering from mental health issues who are very much paranoid about the government and as a result, decide to mostly live off the grid – taking advantage of their families by keeping them isolated and somewhat in the dark to what the outside world is really like.
However, Mormonism plays a very large role in Westover's story and was one of the more fascinating parts of the book for me. I haven't had much exposure to the Mormon religion and it was really interesting to learn about Mormon beliefs, how they were interpreted by Tara's father, and how those beliefs oppressed and impacted Tara throughout her childhood, formative years, and even into adulthood.
Despite the title, Westover's story was about so much more than just education. In retrospect, her education was probably the part that interested me the least. I like how she examines at the end of the book the role her education played in opening up her eyes and allowing her to escape the cycle of violence in her family, but overall I don't think most people read this book to learn about her education.
That said, how Tara managed to get into college and obtain a PhD from Cambridge with no formal childhood education is still a mystery to me and something that seemed to be glossed over in the book. I really struggled to believe she would be so successful with so little support (emotional and financial) and I did wonder if we were really getting the full story at times. She says she was bad at math and that she really only ever read the book of Mormon, so its a bit mystifying to me how she managed to get through multiple degrees, much less excel at them. But obviously their family life taught the children something because 3 of the 7 Westover's went on to earn doctorates.
So while I did like this book and Westover's writing, I was neither shocked by the content, nor totally convinced of the story. What I do admire though, is that Westover actually wrote and published this account of her family. The entire book really is about her struggle to both emancipate herself from her family, but still be loved and accepted by them. She sacrifices a lot in order to gain an education and even though she recognizes the harmful and destructive tendencies of her family members, she still yearns to be one of them.
It was really interesting to read about the long term impacts that Mormonism had on her life and how long it took her to recognize the ways in which she has been oppressed and ignorant. I say her book is admirable because the very act of committing to paper this story of her family and then sharing it with the world pretty much guarantees her continued exile from her family. The ending is very nebulous because her story really is not over yet and her family story is still unresolved. But I admire her for recognizing the harmful parts of her family's behaviour and deciding to expose them when her family refused to listen to her or to change. Her father has obvious issues, but her recount of her brother Shawn was much more chilling. Good for her for finally saying, enough is enough, if you won't change, I will expose you.
I still gave it 4 stars, but I wasn't quite as enamoured with it as the rest of the world seems to be. It's well written and thought provoking and it works well as a memoir, I just found it a bit of a challenge to suspend my disbelief when it actually came to her education. That said, Tara was gaslighted by her family for years and as a result her memories have been tampered with and are likely unreliable. But I guess it just makes her story all the more inspirational and like I said, at its heart, I don't really think this was a book about education. Still a 4 star read for me despite some of these criticisms.
Posted in: Memoir | Tagged: 2018 publication, audible, book blog, book review, Educated, education, Idaho, Jeannette Walls, Memoir, mental health, Mormon Religion, Mormonism, popular books, Tara Westover, The Glass Castle
The Remarkable Journey of Coyote Sunrise
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Sarah Joyce says:
I've been in 2 book clubs that have read Educated this year and it has produced the best discussions! I hope you have a similar experience. Excellent review!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
School of Medical Science
Biomedical science degree sets stage for international sales career
Published April 11, 2016 April 11, 2016 AuthorContributed
Cerissa French
By Rebecca Turner
Selling genotyping solutions for human and agricultural biology research and routine screening is all in a day's work for Cerissa French.
Based in Berlin, Germany, the Griffith University Bachelor of Biomedical Science graduate now works for Affymetrix, a leader in genomics analysis.
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence.
"I am solely responsible for the sales of a specialist and high throughput genotyping portfolio called Axiom which has both human and agricultural applications.
"Working with distributors in the Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia, I assist the distributors to sell my product by providing them with sales and marketing support including visiting customers and giving seminars, as well as training their teams on the technology and sales arguments.
Understanding the applications
"One of the biggest challenges in my role is understanding all of the different applications in genotyping, especially in the agricultural world which is quite different from where I have traditionally sold before.
"I have to tailor my style to these customers' expectations scientifically and culturally as different cultures and market conditions make it difficult to have a 'one size fits all' approach.
"I try to overcome this by really taking on board the information the distributors can give me about the customers they work with."
Cerissa finds that travelling as often as she does can prove quite challenging from a physical and mental perspective, however she sees the travel as an adventure.
"I like it when I can try the cuisine of the country or see something that is at least, not the inside of a lab!
"It's so long ago since I studied at Griffith, but what I really liked about the biomedical science degree was the down-to-earth and approachable nature of the academic staff.
"I found the subjects engaging and at the time we did a lot of laboratory pracs which I think is so important in a science degree."
Undertaking the Bachelor of Biomedical Science, says Cerissa, set her up with her first job as a research assistant, with the qualification certainly facilitating a fantastic career so far.
"Affymetrix has just been bought out by Thermo Fisher, which is a huge organisation. I'm hopeful there will be some career advancement opportunities.
"My goal is to get back into a leadership position in the next 1-2 years, or perhaps take a sideways step into a marketing role," she says.
"Eventually, I will probably come back to Australia where I hope my international experience will enable me to have the pick of a variety of roles."
Categories Features, Griffith Health, home, School of Medical ScienceTagged Berlin, Cerissa French, genotyping, Rebecca Turner


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text:
Even if the Seminoles win out, Oregon could pass them due to a stronger strength of schedule the rest of the way. Only once in the 15-year history of the BCS have the top two teams at the start remained there through the end of the season: in 2005 when Southern Cal and Texas were always 1-2.
The BCS is a composite ranking of teams based on votes in the USA Today and Harris polls, as well as six computer calculations.
The Seminoles ranked No. 1 with the computers, but No. 3 in the USA Today poll of coaches. Oregon is No. 3 in the BCS poll — No. 2 in the human rankings, just in front of FSU — due to a less favorable verdict from the computers.
The Noles aren't the only unbeaten Florida school with national title hopes.
Miami, thanks to a brutal weekend for a handful of top-10 teams, climbed to No. 7 in the BCS and Associated Press polls. It is the highest the Hurricanes have been ranked since the 2005 season when they made it as high as No. 3.
Not everyone is sold on UM as an elite team, though.
"Miami, we saw them [barely edge North Carolina on Thursday], and the Hurricanes looked awful and somehow moved up five spots [by the coaches]," said ESPN college football analyst Rece Davis. "Survive and advance is what Miami did."
Five teams in the top 10 lost Saturday, opening the door for UM.
The Canes and Seminoles square off Nov. 2 in Tallahassee.
With the Florida Gators dropping out of the top 25, UM is the last remaining ranked team left on the Seminoles' schedule. FSU could also face No. 14 (BCS) Virginia Tech — if not another showdown with Miami — in the ACC Championship Game in December.
Oregon has games remaining against three teams currently ranked in the AP Top 25, including No. 6 Stanford.
Still, Fisher and the Seminoles were beaming after Saturday's statement win at Clemson.
"We have a heckuva team," Fisher said. "We've got a lot of ball to play, and if we keep taking care of business, the country will see, and we'll get to where we got to go. I'm not scared to play anyone."
While Saturday's first BCS rankings were cause for joy in Tallahassee, the folks in Tuscaloosa have grown accustomed to the Crimson Tide's lofty status. Alabama has won the past two national titles.
After Alabama, Florida State and Oregon, a couple of other unbeaten teams — Ohio State and Missouri — round out the top five in the BCS.
This is the final year of the BCS, which will give way to a playoff next season.
Miami Herald sportswriter Susan Miller Degnan and Miami Herald writer Patrik Nohe contributed to this report.
Jimmy Butler after April tour of Little Havana
FSU coach Willie Taggart at 2019 ACC Football Kickoff
Dolphins' Norton to be released from hospital, agent says
Jimmy Butler's decision to join the Heat can be traced to Wade's final game in Miami
Manny Diaz on who 'can't live without' being the Miami QB — and 'puffy-eyed' players
WWE legend Sgt. Slaughter talks golf, WrestleMania, big Raw Reunion show on USA Network
Salvador leads DSL Cubs1 to 4-2 win over DSL Rays2


text:
Stygobromus tritus är en kräftdjursart som beskrevs av John R. Holsinger 1974. Stygobromus tritus ingår i släktet Stygobromus och familjen Crangonyctidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Märlkräftor
tritus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Quirky green-and-red sweaters, heated wine, gingerbread cookies—it's that time of the year again. Tired of giving out generic gifts? Surprise everyone at the next White Elephant gift party with one of 2014's hottest showerheads!
With a bidet seat, you'll never have to worry about running out of toilet paper again! A bidet seat is installed in place of a regular toilet seat. This easy-to-use smart seat reliably cleanses your nether regions, preventing bacteria build up and toilet paper mess.


Ryan Adams….. there you are! The country/alternative singer released his new album, Ashes & Fire yesterday (October 11th) and debuted the video for lead single Lucky Now. Plus he kicke doff his tour in Los Angeles and the audience ate it up.
I think that we can expect big things this year… a lot of love for this guy and his amazing pipes.
So what do you think? Will you be picking up the album or did already? Drop your thoughts in the comments below!
Black Keys: NEW Album 'El Camino' Full Tracklisting and MORE!


text:
Q: saving data to session storage with Ext.data.ArrayStore Could anyone give an example of storing array of model/objects recieved and parsed from Ajax Request in Ext.data.ArrayStore (session storage)?
At the moment I am only able to store it separately in session storage.
userModelProxyKey "0"
userModelProxyKey-0
"{"login":"username","locked":false,"internalUser":false,"name":"","email":"","sid":""}"

My model
Ext.Loader.setPath('Model','./js/model');
Ext.require('Model.User');
Ext.define('Store.UserStore', {
extend: 'Ext.data.ArrayStore',
         model: 'Model.User',
         storeId: 'userStore',
         proxy: {
             type: 'sessionstorage',
             id: 'userStoreProxyKey'
         }
});

My store
Ext.Loader.setPath('Model','./js/model');
Ext.require('Model.User');
Ext.define('Store.UserStore', {
extend: 'Ext.data.ArrayStore',
         model: 'Model.User',
         storeId: 'userStore',
         proxy: {
            type: 'sessionstorage',
            id  : 'userStoreProxyKey'
         }
});

Saving to model to session storage:
var user = Ext.create('Model.User', {'id':0,'login': jsonData.login});
user.save();

Attempting to save to storage
var userStore = Ext.create('Store.UserStore');
var userArray = new Array(user);
userStore.add(userArray);
userStore.sync();

and if I try to print number of records I get 0
console.log("User Count: " + userStore.count());

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In 2009, the Department of Labor was criticized by the Government Accountability Office for failing to thoroughly investigate wage and hour claims. In response, the DOL hired additional investigators, sought increased funding from Congress, and stepped up its investigative efforts. Employers can expect even more activity by the DOL this year, especially in the industries targeted by the DOL. This presentation will show you what to do now to prepare yourself if you are selected for a DOL audit. Learn about the audit process, what your rights are if you are audited, the best practices to avoid wage and hour liability, and recent developments in wage and hour law.


text:
Applications and Checklists
Permanent Signs
Comprehensive Sign Plans
For signs that require a building permit...
Most permanent signs require a building permit. For these signs, submit directly to Building Safety. The application will be routed to Planning & Zoning for review as part of the building permit review process.
Sign regulations are found in Sahuarita Town Code Chapter 18.79. Please be aware that if your sign will be located in Rancho Sahuarita, the Rancho Sahuarita Specific Plan and the 1995 Zoning Code will be the governing documents. Several other shopping centers have Comprehensive Sign Plans on file that will also apply. Staff recommends that you check with us to verify which requirements will apply prior to submittal.
For signs that do not require a building permit...
Application is made directly to Planning & Zoning using the Zoning Clearance application form when a building permit is not required. Signs that do not require a building permit are non-electric and under 7 feet in height (6 feet in height for masonry block construction).
TEMPORARY SIGN CLEARANCES (For On-Site signs)
Most Temporary Signs require a sign clearance from Planning & Zoning. Regulations for Temporary Signs are found in STC 18.79.080.D of the Zoning Code. However, please note that regulations for Rancho Sahuarita are different. It is recommended that applicants for temporary signs check with Planning & Zoning before submitting.
Required submittal items are:
A completed Application for Temporary Sign
A site plan showing the proposed sign location(s). Include the distance from the sign to the property line.
A sketch of the proposed sign(s) with dimensions
Fees in the amount of $30.00 per sign type. If you are applying by email, the fee may be paid by phone. Staff will contact you to confirm the amount. If applying through the Accela Citizen Access portal, fees may be paid online.
When you're ready, submit your materials by one of the following methods:
Use Accela Citizen Access. You will need to create an account;
Email to dparry@sahuaritaaz.gov; or
Stop by the Planning & Zoning counter during business hours
TeMPORARY OFF-SITE SIGN PLAN (for off-site signs)
Due to a change in Town Code in response to federal case law, the Town no longer permits off-site temporary signs except as may be allowed per state law or through a Temporary Off-Site Sign Plan approved by the Planning & Zoning Commission. Please use the Development Review Application, indicating "Temporary Off-Site Sign Plan" as the application type.
Development Review Application (PDF)
A Comprehensive Sign Plan can provide flexibility for a planned sign program. Regulations for Comprehensive Sign Plans are found in Sahuarita Town Code Section 18.79.050. Depending on the flexibility options being requested, some Comprehensive Sign plans are reviewed and approved administratively while others require a public hearing before the Planning and Zoning Commission.
To apply for a Comprehensive Sign Plan, use the Development Review Application, indicating "Comprehensive Sign Plan" as the application type.
Planning & Zoning Division
Sun Shuttle Route 421
PimaMaps
Subdivision Plats
Zoning Actions
Zoning Clearances


Creamy orzo pasta is infused with the flavors of Parmesan cheese, lemon zest, and fresh thyme in this summer side dish that perfectly complements a variety of entrees, from baked chicken to steamed fish to grilled steak!
I have a little story for ya, friends. And it's about a pot of orzo that almost resulted in a house fire.
So one fine afternoon last week, I decided to cook up this light, bright, and delicious Parmesan Orzo with Lemon & Thyme side dish. My first grader was at school, and my two younger kids were upstairs playing together. I had just about all of my ingredients prepped, so I put my pot on the burner with a little olive oil and butter, then turned my back to the stove to finish mincing up some garlic. If you are versed in foreshadowing, I'm sure you can predict where this is going next.
Well, I got a little distracted with my mincing until I started smelling oil. I suddenly remembered that I'd already turned on the stove and spun around just in time to see flames shooting out the top of my pot. I have honestly never set anything in my kitchen on fire like that, and I have to say, I freaked out for just a moment there. Do I go for the fire extinguisher? Do I pull the pot off the burner? Do I attempt dousing it with something (I seemed to remember that water was a no-no). So without really thinking, I turned off the burner, put on an oven mitt, grabbed the pot, and opened the back door, setting it in the middle of the stone patio and screaming at the dogs to stay back. They were more than happy to oblige.
In the meantime, my 4-year-old was standing on the walkway upstairs, looking down at me through the railing.
Of course, as I stood there with the back door open to make sure the dogs didn't come too close, the smoke from the burning oil wafted up and tripped the smoke detectors. And to say that my 4-year-old is traumatized by smoke detectors would be the understatement of the year. He started screaming — blood-curdling SCREAMING — which of course scared the toddler and she started screaming, too. So I had to run upstairs to grab them and then come back down and try to figure out which smoke detector had been tripped. Let me mention that we have at least 15 smoke detectors throughout our house and some of them are on very high ceilings. Let me also mention that they are interconnected, so when one goes off, they ALL go off, and it is very, very loud. And finally, let me mention that just two nights before, all of the smoke detectors in our house started blaring at 2:00 a.m. because of a faulty detector, so my kids were already more than a little bit traumatized by the sirens.
Well, after a very frazzled 15 minutes (seeing as how I was running from room to room and climbing a ladder with two wailing kids attached to me) and a frantic call to my husband, I finally located and reached the responsible detector and pressed the hush button. Silence…finally. The good news is that (after everyone stopped trembling) I scoured the pot and successfully made this recipe on my second attempt, making sure that I wasn't multi-tasking this time around. The bad news is that I had to cook and photograph this orzo while holding a toddler (who, incidentally, also refused to sleep in her crib later that night). And over a week later, my 4-year-old still will not go anywhere in the house by himself. He's been sleeping with big brother until we can convince him that the smoke detectors won't be terrifying him again any time soon.
So that's the story of this yummy, creamy, Parmesan-seasoned, lemon and thyme-infused orzo pasta! I love orzo because, not only is this tiny pasta totally cute, but it's also extremely amenable to infusing with other flavors. The orzo in this recipe is first toasted directly in the pot and then steeped with garlic and chicken broth as it cooks. Finally, it's finished off with fresh thyme, lemon zest, lemon juice, and grated Parmesan cheese, for just a bit of richness and creaminess. You can't get much simpler than that, and with such clean flavors, it's the perfect side dish for just about any entree that comes off the grill or out of the oven, from steak to chicken to pork chops.
Melt together oil and butter in a medium pot over medium heat. Pour orzo into pot and cook while stirring until it begins to toast, about two minutes. Clear a spot in the center of the pot, add minced garlic, and stir for 30 seconds before incorporating into orzo.
Stir chicken broth into orzo, increase heat to high, and bring to a boil. Reduce to a low simmer and cook until orzo reaches desired tenderness and most of the liquid has been absorbed, for about 8 to 10 minutes.
Remove pot from heat and stir in Parmesan cheese, fresh thyme, lemon juice, lemon zest, salt, and pepper. Taste and adjust seasonings, as desired. Serve warm.
Love this! Next to a grilled steak and veggies over the summer – heaven!
Thanks so much, Matt…that sounds like a pretty good combo to me! 🙂 I'm very excited about grilling season and everything that comes along with it. Hope you're having a great week!
Next your wok will accidentally catch on fire, don't panic, just simply put on the lid. The fire will go off.
I'm seeing the mental image as you describe this. You were smart to pull it off the heat. Getting it outside quick was very good. Take it from the fire chief's wife – put the lid on the pot. It removes one of the things that fire needs- oxygen. Done! 🙂 It wouldn't hurt to get yourself a class B chemical fire extinguisher for the kitchen though.
Glad you were able to come out of it safe & make this GORGEOUS dish – yum!
Sage advice from an expert…thanks, Gina! I do have a fire extinguisher in the pantry, but I've never had to use it. In fact, I should probably check that it's not expired! 😛 Quick question, though…the lid for this particular pot is glass. Would that have worked okay in this situation? Or should I have grabbed a stainless steel lid to slam on top?
Thanks for stopping by…happy Friday!!!
We can always use a little adventure while making dinner, right? I am so glad that everything turned out okay (and that this gorgeous pasta was the result)!
Ha! Yes, Amy…adventure keeps life interesting, even in cooking. 😉 Happy to have you stop by…hope you have a fabulous weekend!


text:
The Toronto Theatre Database
Conte d'amour April 1st, 2014 – April 5th, 2014
Soliciting Temptation April 1st, 2014 – May 4th, 2014
Frozen April 1st, 2014 – April 20th, 2014
The Gigli Concert March 28th, 2014 – May 16th, 2014
Trudeau and the FLQ March 27th, 2014 – May 10th, 2014
Me Talking to Myself in the Future March 26th, 2014 – April 6th, 2014
Minotaur March 24th, 2014 – April 13th, 2014
Elegies: A Song Cycle March 21st, 2014 – April 13th, 2014
The Trial of Ken Gass March 21st, 2014 – April 3rd, 2014
Desperate Church Wives March 20th, 2014 – March 29th, 2014
Sea Sick March 19th, 2014 – March 23rd, 2014
A Brimful of Asha March 17th, 2014 – March 22nd, 2014
New Jerusalem March 15th, 2014 – April 13th, 2014
Dark Matter March 13th, 2014 – April 6th, 2014
I'm Still Here March 12th, 2014 – March 16th, 2014
The Carousel March 11th, 2014 – March 30th, 2014
In Spirit March 7th, 2014 – March 16th, 2014
The Vagina Monologues Meets the F Word March 7th, 2014 – March 16th, 2014
The Seagull March 7th, 2014 – March 23rd, 2014
A Life Beyond Doubt March 6th, 2014 – March 15th, 2014
The Miller and His Wife March 6th, 2014 – March 15th, 2014
The Wanderers March 1st, 2014 – March 23rd, 2014
6 Essential Questions March 1st, 2014 – March 30th, 2014
Theatre on a Theme: Love March 1st, 2014
Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet) February 28th, 2014 – March 8th, 2014
A Beautiful View February 27th, 2014 – March 9th, 2014
Marry Me a Little February 26th, 2014 – April 6th, 2014
The Two Worlds of Charlie F. February 25th, 2014 – March 9th, 2014
Lungs February 25th, 2014 – March 30th, 2014
Mrs. Warren's Profession February 19th, 2014 – March 1st, 2014
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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Every Super Bowl kicks off with the hopes of a thrilling game, capped by a dramatic drive in which the champion seizes control to capture the Lombardi Trophy.
Often, quarterbacks earn their moment in history, from Terry Bradshaw and Joe Montana to Ben Roethlisberger and Eli Manning. Russell Wilson had the Seattle Seahawks in position to do just that last year until that fateful decision to pass instead of hand off to Marshawn Lynch.
Of the first 49 Super Bowls, only 10 featured game-winning points in the final three minutes, though a few others have kept fans watching for more than just the commercials.
The Super Bowl had become known for a series of lopsided results in the 1990s, with the Giants' 20-19 squeaker over Buffalo the lone exception in the decade. The St. Louis Rams and Tennessee Titans set the tone for the new century with a wild finish.
Kurt Warner came through with the biggest play yet for the Greatest Show on Turf, breaking a 16-16 tie by hitting Isaac Bruce for a 73-yard touchdown pass with 1:54 left for a 23-16 lead and what wound up as the final score in 2000.
Yet the Titans were far from done, thanks to Steve McNair.
He drove Tennessee from its 12 trying to force the first overtime in Super Bowl history. He somehow escaped Rams defensive end Kevin Carter, who had the quarterback in his grasp on third-and-5 at the St. Louis 27. McNair completed a 16-yard pass to Kevin Dyson, setting up the Titans for the final play from the 10.
McNair found Dyson one last time. Rams linebacker Mike Jones made a sure tackle, holding on as Dyson failed to reach the ball over the goal line, getting to only the 1 as time expired.
The New England Patriots needed to protect a 14-10 lead with 2:42 left in 2008. At stake? The NFL's first perfect season since the 1972 Miami Dolphins.
Eli Manning came through with a drive for the ages for the New York Giants.
Manning guided the Giants 83 yards over 12 plays on a drive best remembered for his pass on third-and-5 at the Giants 44. About to be sacked, Manning pulled away from Jarvis Green and Richard Seymour, scrambling to his right before heaving the ball downfield. David Tyree leapt up for the catch, pinning the ball against his helmet even with Patriots safety Rodney Harrison fighting to rip it away.
That wasn't the winning play, though. That came when Manning found Plaxico Burress on the last play of the drive with a 13-yard touchdown pass with 35 seconds left for the 17-14 victory in Glendale, Arizona.
The 49ers finally lost in their sixth Super Bowl appearance, a demoralizing defeat still scrutinized for what San Francisco coach Jim Harbaugh didn't do at the end.
San Francisco got the ball back for the final time at its 20 with 4:19 left at the Superdome in 2013. Colin Kaepernick drove the Niners to the Baltimore 5 and threw three straight incomplete passes, all intended for Michael Crabtree. The receiver got tangled up on the third, but no flag was thrown even as Harbaugh screamed from the sideline for a penalty.
That left the 49ers one final play, and Kaepernick — making just his 10th start — audibled. Under pressure and off-balance, Kaepernick sailed a pass through the end zone. He lowered his head slightly and walked slowly off the field with a 34-31 loss to the Ravens.