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Porn Stars Can Be Effective Teachers
Kevin Hogan is the head of the English department and the crew coach at Mystic Valley Regional Charter School in Massachusetts. He's on paid leave after he was ambushed by Mike Beaudet of Fox 25 News in Boston with photographs from his performances in pornographic films that were released last year. Â
Hogan appears to be well-respected by his students and their parents. It's understandable that parents would be surprised to learn about Hogan's past, but once the initial shock wears off, will they care that a teacher has participated in porn? As long as he doesn't discuss his past in porn in the classroom, I don't think his previous work should be an issue.
Image by coolhunting "tapas" via Flickr
Being an adult film actor is not illegal as long as it is produced legally and it appears that Hogan participated in these films before accepting the position at Mystic Valley. If Hogan acted in a film after becoming a Mystic Valley teacher and his teaching contract forbid him from working in adult entertainment, then there would be a case for firing him for violating his contract. If all his contract has is a clause that prohibits "immoral behavior" during employment, that shouldn't be enough to fire him. A blanket clause like that allows too much room for interpretation.
The Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education is investigating this situation. Its spokesman said, "We expect teachers to hold a very high moral standard. They are role models for students."
Let's break this down. Can you have high moral standards and have sex? Have gay sex? Have sex while being filmed? Have sex while being filmed and get paid for it? Have sex while being filmed, get paid for it, and allow it to be available for public consumption? The adult entertainment industry is stigmatized, but participating in it does not mean that you are an immoral person.
The next argument is always that teachers are role models for students. Being a former or current porn star does not threaten the health or safety of any student. It might give the teacher a reputation that they have to manage, but it doesn't interfere with their ability to teach.
Moreover, teachers do lots of things that I'm sure parents don't want their children emulating. Should we fire any teacher that has engaged in any act that parents dislike? If parents and schools are so concerned about having teachers who are exceptional role models for students, then they would fire every teacher who smokes, is bad at managing their finances, is obese, is a weekend binge drinker, and every teacher who has ever gotten a speeding ticket or driven while talking on their cell phone.
One of my totally awesome liberal friends is studying to be a teacher. She said, "Doing gay porn while teaching is unacceptable . . . . Pornography and teaching do not mix, no exceptions." While I respect that some people think that there's no place for a porn star in the classroom, I disagree. I'm not a parent, but if I were, I'd let my child be taught by a good teacher who happened to do porn as long as they kept their porn life out of the classroom.
Students Protest Unfair Coverage of Teacher's Porn Past (bilerico.com)
Students Defend English Teacher Despite Gay Porn Past (huffingtonpost.com)
Does Making Porn Disqualify You From Teaching? (reason.com)
Kevin Hogan's Porn Past as Hytch Cawke Forces School to Put Him on Leave (ibtimes.com)


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Traditional values pay: Chick-fil-A makes record-breaking profits after marriage controversy
The restaurant increased its regular customer base in 80 percent of its markets.
Fri Oct 26, 2012 - 6:21 pm EDT Sat Jun 19, 2021 - 11:00 am EDT
ATLANTA, October 26, 2012, (LifeSiteNews.com) – Chick-fil-A has learned upholding traditional values is not just good for the soul; it's also good for business. Since President Dan Cathy stirred up a firestorm of controversy and protests by daring to say in public that he supports traditional marriage, the fast food chain has enjoyed record sales and increased brand recognition.
According to a report by USA Today, consumer use, visits, and ad awareness all rose measurably in the third quarter, despite widespread negative media coverage of Cathy's remarks to the Baptist Press opposing same-sex "marriage."
A Sandelman and Associates survey of more than 30,000 fast-food shoppers in markets where Chick-fil-A operates showed consumer use of the restaurant chain rose 2.2 percent in the third quarter compared with the same period in 2011. Their market share rose 0.6 percent. Awareness of their advertising rose 6.5 percent.
Click "like" if you want to defend true marriage.
Jeff Davis, president of Sandelman and Associates, said the restaurant increased its regular customer base in 80 percent of its markets.
The upswing in business may have started August 1 with "Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day," when consumers flocked to Chick-fil-A restaurants nationwide to show their support for free speech and traditional marriage. The business enjoyed record sales that day, as people waited in long lines in restaurants and in drive-thrus to buy chicken from the chain.
According to Davis, the media circus surrounding Cathy's comments was "something that brought Chick-fil-A to the forefront of peoples' minds."
"There was a lot of talk that this would hurt Chick-fil-A, but it actually helped the brand," Davis told USA Today.
Cardinal George slams Chicago mayor's comments on Chick-fil-A marriage flap
Chick-Fil-A and the one day that changed the world
Chick-Fil-A confirms record-smashing sales on Appreciation Day
Chick-fil-A faces vandalism, 'human rights violation' complaints for defending marriage
Chick-fil-A has made 'no such concessions' to the gay agenda: Dan Cathy denies media reports
Chick-fil-A 'Tastes Like Hate' vandal won't be charged: D.A.
FRC shooter carried Chick-Fil-A materials: officials
Got Chikin? 'Absolutely mobbed' – Chick-fil-A restaurants deluged
New York, Minnesota politicians, Sarah Palin chime in on Chick-fil-A marriage controversy
Pro-gay Chicago alderman claims Chick-fil-a has agreed to stop 'anti-gay' donations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wave of Protest
BEACH USERS SET TO CHALLENGE PROPOSED CAR PARK CHARGING PLAN
Stephen McConnell, Robin Ruddock and Martin 'TK' Kelly, taking a stand against proposed beach parking charges.
Tuesday 7 January 2020 9:41
SURFERS, bathers and kayakers are among the outdoor enthusiasts who have joined ranks to protest against proposed car park charges at coastal locations across the borough.
Elected members of Causeway Coast and Glens Council are due to debate, later this week, introducing tariffs in Portrush and some of the coastline's other most popular beaches.
Cloonavin's biggest party grouping - the DUP - has already indicated support for a move which could rake in an estimated £400,000 per annum, according to figures published in 2018 when the matter was first debated.
The party said it would be proposing a 50p hourly charge at West Bay, East Strand and Dunluce Avenue in Portrush, plus similar tariffs in Ballintoy and Ballycastle's Marina.
Among those who oppose the plan is Dr Robin Ruddock, who spent three decades teaching outdoor pursuits at Bushmills Education Centre.
*Read the full story inside this week's Chronicle.


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November 10, 2014 | Comment
The Technophobe's Dilemma: Nicholas Carr's 'The Glass Cage'
Category: Critical Perspectives
Nicholas Carr is well-known for his work critiquing emerging technologies, particularly his argument that "Google is making us stupid." In his new book, "The Glass Cage: Automation and Us" (W. W. Norton & Company, 2014), he works in the same vein, taking on automation, or "the use of computers and software to do things we used to do ourselves." Unfortunately, as with his argument against Google, in this book, Carr works too hard to demonize automation technologies, stretching examples and not working through the logic of his arguments. The end result is disappointing. Carr's genuine insights into the effective uses of automation are lost amid overblown concerns about the dangers of automation.
Carr begins the book on a chilling note, describing an FAA memo that warned pilots and airlines that the increasing automation of commercial jetliners was leading to an increased risk of accidents. As pilots relied more and more on automatic systems, the memo noted, their flying skills were eroding. Consequently, when autopilot systems failed and human pilots were called on to take over, they were more likely to make errors that led to crashes. In Chapter 4, Carr describes in detail two such crashes, noting how reliance on autopiloting systems had lulled pilots into complacency and reduced their opportunities to hone their skills, a mix that ultimately led to fatal errors. In his preface, Carr uses airline automation to drive home the theme of the book, ominously stating that automation "has deeper, hidden effects," and "not all of them are beneficial."
Any airline accident is tragic and its cause should be a matter of concern, but as attention-grabbing as these accounts may be, Carr's use of autopiloting systems to show the dangers of automation is deeply confusing, if not outright misleading. Despite his attempts to paint the automation of commercial air travel as a dangerous trend that is making flying less safe, Carr eventually acknowledges that the opposite is true. The FAA memo refers to a report on manual flying errors in the first decade of the 2000s. It turns out that period of time was the safest in the history of U.S. aviation. Quoting Carr:
Air travel's lethal days are, mercifully, behind us. Flying is safe now, and pretty much everyone involved in the aviation business believes that advances in automation are one of the reasons why. Together with improvements in aircraft design, airline safety routines, crew training, and air traffic control, the mechanization and computerization of flight have contributed to the sharp and steady decline in accidents and deaths over the decades. In the United States and other Western countries, fatal airliner crashes have become exceedingly rare. Of the more than seven billion people who boarded U.S. commercial flights in the ten years from 2002 through 2011, only 153 ended up dying in a wreck, a rate of two deaths for every million passengers. In the ten years from 1962 through 1971, by contrast, 1.3 billion people took flights, and 1,696 of them died, for a rate of 133 deaths per million. But this sunny story carries a dark footnote. The overall decline in the number of plane crashes masks the recent arrival of "a spectacularly new type of accident," says Raja Parasuraman, a psychology professor at George Mason University and one of the world's leading authorities on automation.
Carr gets the numbers wrong by a couple orders of magnitude — the rate is 2 deaths for every 100 million passengers — and his immediate emphasis on the "dark footnote" of this "spectacularly new type of accident" undercuts the rational response to those statistics: automation makes flying more safe, not less. But after this quick dismissal, the safety record of autopiloting systems is barely acknowledged again and when invoking the dangers of aircraft automation he routinely ignores this tenfold decrease in flying deaths, paying much more attention to the loss of romantic notions of flying, where pilots relying on automatic systems are said to feel a loss of "social status" and "sense of self." In an earlier chapter on self-driving automobiles, Carr makes much the same point about the automatic transmission, noting that his first automatic made him "feel a little less like a driver and a little more like a passenger," and ultimately led to his "resent[ing]" the vehicle.
When facts aren't actively undercutting Carr's argument, his examples themselves point to another problem with his approach. As he notes in his preface, we should be wary of automation because it changes "what we do and who we are." This is almost certainly true, but it is difficult to understand the importance of such changes in the context of cars and airplanes since these devices are so new to human history. Automobiles date to the late 18th century. The Wright brothers' first flight was in 1903. How central can such young technologies be to "who we are?"
Further, if we accept Carr's claims about changes to these technologies, must we not also admit that these two inventions profoundly altered what we do and who we are as a species from their first appearance? If so, why should Carr's attachment to the manual transmission or the self-worth of pilots — again, a profession that is barely a century old — matter, since neither change is nearly as consequential as the introduction of the underlying technologies themselves? Despite Carr's protestations to the contrary, these incremental changes seem particularly unimportant to an understanding of "who we are" in light of the changes brought about by the initial technology.
Carr attempts to sidestep these difficulties by focusing on computers and software, rather than encompassing all tool use as automation experts do. For example, as one reads the book, the question of why he does not consider planes "automation" presents itself. Carr claims it is because modern planes, with electronic controls and automatic pilots, sever the link between the pilot's actions and the embodiment of the action of flying. Where pilots once were able to feel pressure against the flaps connected to their instruments via hydraulics or wires, electronically controlled flight has replaced that tactile feedback with the trappings of video games: joysticks and monitors.
Carr falls prey to what we might call the technophobe's dilemma: his critique of digital automation sometimes requires him to fail to recognize that some technologies — like pre-electronic aircraft — are automation technologies, and other times requires him to romanticize those technologies over their more modern counterparts. The result feels less like a rational critique of digital automation and more like a screed against change, the fundamental mode of technophobic argument.
Indeed, Carr frames many of his arguments against automation as defending who we are against change — changes in our sense of self, in our mental capacities. But, he doesn't dwell much on the fact that who we are, presumably the generation raised in the 60s and 70s, is quite different than who we were. The advances in automation of previous generations altered Carr and his contemporaries; where their parents and grandparents may have nostalgically looked back to the unique and complicated embodiments of horse or train travel, Carr romanticizes the manual transmission. Rather than dealing with the tangled history of automation by addressing the development of the untold number of technologies that shape our current existence, he simply singles out computers and software for critique, and he doesn't seem to recognize that his critiques could be equally applied to other technologies. Rather than unravelling the knot of automation, he simply cuts it.
This is particularly evident when the book turns to solutions. In Chapter 6, Carr writes of the loss of Inuit wayfinding, the skill of navigation using environmental clues like snowdrift patterns and animal behavior, and his final chapter includes a lengthy, elegiac analysis of the connection to the land that is forged when one harvests crops with a scythe, but he doesn't suggest that we should all return to these practices. Rather, his solution is for computer software to be designed to address the attentional needs of human operators. For example, the use of "adaptive automation" (pdf), in which the automated system is designed to monitor both its task and its human operator, or simply programming automated systems to turn control over to their operators at random intervals, thereby encouraging them to maintain an appropriate level of alertness.
Such systems involve ever more complex software to handle their intelligent automatic processes, enabling them do so in ways that work better with human capacities. This is the message of the FAA memo with which Carr opened the book: pilots should not abandon automation, but spend more time in manual flying so as to stay alert and keep their skills sharp for when they are needed.
Although "The Glass Cage" can be at times a compelling read, it ultimately fails to persuade. Carr is certainly right that automation has and is changing who we are, but these changes do not seem nearly as dire as he would want us to believe. In the end automation is simply a scapegoat for Carr, just as Google was in his previous work: an idea to which those who are nervous about how our society is changing can affix their fears. But even in his critique, Carr cannot imagine a world without it.
Banner image credit: jbgeronimi
January 1, 2018 Connecting Making, Designing and Composing
October 23, 2017 Where is the Humanity in the Computer Science Curriculum?
July 10, 2017 Disrupting The Silicon Valley Department of Education


joshua Davis plays Layer Tennis live #lyt http://live.joshuadavis.com/ http://layertennis.com EASY DUDE! THAT REDBULL COULD KILL YOU.
Check out @lytREF, thinking he's special because he flips a coin every week. #lyt Lookin' cute, Ref!
yup! already 4 full cans of RB have gone at good old Davis' #lyt this layertennis match is damn promising!!!
Oh crap, @longshotmag announcement in the middle of #lyt. So many demands on my attention, this weekend's productivity may be shot.


Thank you for your insight, for your compassionate listening and for you exquisite navigation through some of the most troubled waters I have been in.
Thank you for making a difficult situation bearable. You are both very sensitive, yet direct and professional.
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Edith Oakley raised £250,000 for Blood Cancer UK over 60 years of fundraising
Dedicated fundraiser Edith Oakley has died at the age of 103, having spent some 60 years supporting Blood Cancer UK, during which time she raised around a quarter of a million pounds for the charity.
Born on 27 October 1919, and passing away on 27 December 2022, Edith made an outstanding contribution to medical advancements in blood cancer through her fundraising, all while never moving from Radlett, her place of birth.
Edith chose Blood Cancer UK followed the sad death of her son John, who passed away in 1959 from leukaemia. Edith and her husband Laurie were inspired by a story in the newspaper to raise money for research. Edith said that she never wanted any more parents to suffer the way she had and set about a lifelong task of fundraising for advances in blood cancer.
Reflecting on her experiences when she was 100, Edith recounted how she first began trying to sell handmade aprons to raise money:
"I've made a lot of friends doing volunteering and I've always really enjoyed it. But it's been hard work at times – especially all the knitting and sewing we did.
"We also weren't very well off, and to start with, I couldn't even afford to go to the market on the bus to get the material for the aprons. I had to ask a friend if she could bring the materials back for me. When I made my first apron, Laurie took it to work and sold it. Then, with that money, we had enough to buy the materials to make three aprons. That's how we did it in the beginning."
In 1961, two years after Edith and Laurie began fundraising, the first leukaemia research unit opened and since then Blood Cancer UK have invested over £500 million into scientific research on blood cancer.
This has had a huge impact on the survival rates of people diagnosed with a range of different blood cancers – and currently, nine out of every ten people children with blood cancer survive for five years. At the time that John was diagnosed, doctors told Edith that the average span of the disease was just nine months.
Over the years, Edith's fundraising efforts for Blood Cancer UK involved knitting and sewing for bazaars she held in local halls and garden fetes. She also held bikeathons and lots of local children and relatives did sponsored swims.
In her 100th year she was honoured in Downing Street with a Times Sternberg award for her work. When Blood Cancer UK was given the chance to have a cast of someone's hands featured as part of a sculpture representing the organisations that contributed to UCL's research, Edith was the natural choice with her dedication over so many years summing up the ethos of the charity.
At 100, Edith was also still the main contact for the charity's Radlett & Borehamwood Branch, and her funeral collection was of course for Blood Cancer UK.
Helen Rowntree, Chief Executive of Blood Cancer UK, paid tribute to Edith:
"It's without question that Edith's pioneering courage, and selfless efforts have helped ensure other families don't have to experience the same terrible loss that she did. For decades, we as a charity have been driven forward by people coming together and channelling their determination to achieve extraordinary, and no one better exemplified this than Edith."


Want some equipment to help make your robot endeavor a reality?
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Through November, we'll be interacting with the teams on our G+ page, checking in with experts, and highlighting the creations you've assembled. We're excited to have your participation, so sign up and get going.


Navigation? Probably less of a concern if you only walk in the summer on well established and marked trails. Go off-trail, add some inclement weather of choice - fog, a deluge, low clouds - and throw in some challenging landscape - dense forest, wide open tundra, vast bogs - and you'll want to carry a navigation tool of choice. And while GPS gadgetry have their place, I prefer compass and map.
Before I went to become a Wilderness Guide, I seldom carried a compass. A map was sufficient for me, as I usually hiked on trails or if I went off-trail, I was sure enough of where I will end up. That changed as I started the education, and needed to navigate through dense forest at night, vast bogs in winter, and mountainous terrain in autumn. A compass became a useful, much needed tool. As I didn't want to throw my UL principles over board, I first used my Suunto Comet. That worked out just fine during day orienteering challenges, where I seldom even bothered using the compass - I find navigating solely by map a viable option during the daytime.
Let there be a fine, wet, autumn night, in which you need to find five or more flags hidden in the forest, and I realized I needed a more substantial compass - one with a baseplate for ease of use with a map. A look at the three leading firms when it comes to navigational tools, some chats, and a few days later I had three different compasses in the post, with the aim to see which is the best lightweight compass out there.
They also all three point north! The Silva Ranger stands a bit out because my 2010 model didn't have a luminous bezel, only a tiny luminous marking on the needle, which made it less practical for night orienteering. Sure, I wear a headlamp at night, but the luminous bezel and markings do help as they're easier on the eyes if you want to take a quick look. The Recta & Suunto are fairly similar, although I do value the Suunto a tad more (call me biased, as Suunto is Finnish =). The little extra info on the Suunto on how many meters is a centimeter in a given scale is very useful if you need to calculate in your head how far you gotta go still; and in the heat of an night orienteering exam this kind of info might slip your mind. Both the Recta & Suunto have a clip-in lanyard, which allow you to quickly detach the compass from the cord, useful if you wear your compass around your neck but find taking a bearing with your nose just centimeters from the map a bit difficult.
So after having used all three compasses for over a year, I nowadays tend to use the Sunnto A-30 if I head out and know I will go off-trail. Being the lightest with the for me best extra functions, that decision is easy. But how does the A-30 compare to the Comet and the Core watch? The Comet is fine if I don't go navigating at night. You can take a bearing with it, though it is fiddly and I have been heard swearing sometimes using it. The added thermometer and its minimal weight of only 11 gram make it a great multitool, and if I head out on the bike I carry the Comet on my pack to keep tabs on the direction. The Core is obviously in a league of its own. At 64 gram you get an Alti- & Barometer, a digital compass, and it also tells you the time, as well as sunrise & sunset and a whole bunch of other stuff. The compass works great, and thanks to the moveable, luminous bezel and the illuminated screen you also can use it at night. However, taking a bearing with it on a map goes in the "Be patient & don't swear" category, it [the compass] is also so sensitive that you need to stand still to get exact coordinates. In a pinch you can navigate at night with it, but a baseplate compass is a lot more practicable - the needle is less sensitive to movement. However, given the extra functions the Core brings along - I do like the thermometer and weather function - I often wear it when outdoors, especially since the iPhones battery isn't what I'd call long-lived.
For those who're curious: I use an Ortlieb Document bag, Size A4, for keeping my map and documents dry. At 56 gram a great bag, and I rather have this than the Ziplock bag which I have used in the past - if I would know an easy source for waterproof paper, then that might replace the case, but until then it comes along.
Finally, if talking navigation and orienteering I need to mention the Harold Gatty book "Finding Your Way Without Map or Compass" - it is THE book on the topic. Originally published in 1958, it is full of useful information on how to orienteer without extra gear, and just use skills and knowledge to find your way. Gatty goes in-depth and has a wealth of knowledge, and explains how to find your way in polar regions and deserts, over telling the time by the stars, to telling the directions from trees and to find your way in towns, this is the best literature on navigation, period. While one might think it is dated, the knowledge and skills he discloses are still as up-to-date as more modern books on the topic.
Where to get the gear?
Disclaimer: Untold riches will be poured over me if you purchase via the above Amazon links.


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Have professional sports become too violent?
It is the responsibility of all fans to reject the violence culture and demand perpetrators be banned from the games.
Have professional sports become too violent? It is the responsibility of all fans to reject the violence culture and demand perpetrators be banned from the games. Check out this story on sctimes.com: https://www.sctimes.com/story/opinion/2019/12/06/have-professional-sports-become-too-violent/2612519001/
Gerry Feld, Times columnist Published 5:00 p.m. CT Dec. 6, 2019
Gerry Feld (Photo: Times photo)
Growing up, playing sports was a big part of my life. We watched our heroes on television and attempted to emulate them.
Those televised sporting events were an escape from our daily routines, allowing us to watch gifted athletes display their talents and abilities with true sportsmanship, while entertaining loyal fans. True, there were occasional fights during those contests, but nothing like we are seeing today.
As with everything else in America, much has changed in professional sports since those simpler times. Today, it appears as if many so-called professional athletes would rather display their brutal acts of violence than play the game as it was meant to be played.
You need look no farther than the Nov. 14 Pittsburgh Steelers/Cleveland Browns game. Browns defensive end Myles Garrett ripped the helmet from Steelers quarterback Mason Rudolph and began slamming the helmet into his unprotected head. Although Rudolph did not sustain injury during the assault, what infuriated NFL officials and fans most was he was just coming back from a major concussion suffered Oct. 6 in a massive hit during a game with the Baltimore Ravens.
Robert Cantu, medical director of the Concussion Legacy Foundation, stated, "The number one thing you'd worry about (when) being hit in the head by a football helmet, when you don't have a football helmet on your head, is a skull fracture. And a skull fracture, and the associated brain trauma, could have killed him – or produced a very serious brain injury."
Nevertheless, there are players in the NFL that feel the game is getting too soft. According to USA Today, Minnesota Vikings Head Coach Mike Zimmer stated, "Basically they don't want you to use the helmet as a weapon because the helmet, when it was first brought in to the league, was for protection and now if some of the crown of the helmet hits, it can be dangerous. So they're trying to eliminate that from the game to make the players more safe. I have no problem with that."
However, his star strong safety completely disagrees. Andrew Sendejowas suspended in 2017 after a hit against Baltimore Ravens wide receiver Mike Wallace that left him with a concussion.Sendejo verbally disagreed with the suspension and has since been seen wearing a black hat off the field that says "Make Football Violent Again."
We all know football is not the only sport where violence has gone too far. On Dec. 9, 1977, Kermit Washington, of the LA Lakers, viciouslyattacked Houston Rockets Rudy Tomjanovichwith a massive hit to the face. Tomjanovich received a concussion, fractured nose, jaw and skull that allowed spinal fluid to leak into his brain cavity.
Very seldom does a NHL hockey game go by where there is not a fight or serious checking.
About 15 years ago, Vancouver Canucks Todd Bertuzzi attacked Colorado Avalanche'sSteve Moorefrom behind before pulling him down to the ice. The attack left Moore with a serious concussion and broken vertebrae. The worst thing about this attack is that Bertuzzi was collecting on a team bounty to get Moore for a Feb. 16, 2004, open ice check that left Canucks Markus Naslund with a concussion.
The attack on Moore ended his hockey career and has left him with medical problems, according to CBS Sports.
There is beginning to be a segment of our population striving to keep their children from participating in contact sports.
Dr. Bennet Omalu, a forensic pathologist who has led in the research of concussions and brain injury, is one.
Omalu told NBC Today, "We wouldn't give a child a cigarette to smoke because a cigarette is potentially harmful. But we would put on a helmet on the head of a child and send him out on a field to play a game whereby he sustains repeated blows to his head, to suffer sub-concussions and concussions."
Believe me, I don't want college or major league sports turned into wimpy affairs. I love football very much, and have been a die-hard St. John's University football fan my entire life. Still, it's clear to me that many fans I know are concerned regarding the serious injuries players are incurring.
Arguments regarding the violence in sports may go on forever. But it is the responsibility of all fans to reject the violent culture and demand perpetrators be banned from the games.
This is the opinion of Gerry Feld, whose column is published the second Sunday of the month. He writes about issues from a conservative perspective and is a published novelist.
Read or Share this story: https://www.sctimes.com/story/opinion/2019/12/06/have-professional-sports-become-too-violent/2612519001/


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Bulgarian grammar is the grammar of the  Bulgarian language. Bulgarian is a South Slavic language that evolved from Old Church Slavonic—the written norm for the Slavic languages in the Middle Ages which derived from Proto-Slavic.
Bulgarian is also a part of the Balkan sprachbund, which also includes Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Albanian and the Torlakian dialect of Serbian. It shares with them several grammatical innovations that set it apart from most other Slavic languages, even other South Slavic languages. Among these are a sharp reduction in noun inflections—Bulgarian has lost the noun cases but has developed a definite article, which is suffixed at the end of words. In its verbal system, Bulgarian is set apart from most Slavic languages by the loss of the infinitive, the preservation of most of the complexities of the older conjugation system (including the opposition between aorist and imperfect) and the development of a complex evidential system to distinguish between witnessed and several kinds of non-witnessed information.

Nouns

Bulgarian nouns have the categories grammatical gender, number (including count form), definiteness and vocative form.

Gender
A noun has one of three specific grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter).

Number
A noun has two numbers (singular and plural), plus a numerical plural form. The plural is formed by adding to or replacing the singular ending, most commonly in the following ways:

With cardinal numbers and some adverbs, masculine nouns use a separate numerical plural form бройна множествена форма (broyna mnozhestvena forma). It is a vestige of the grammatical dual number, which disappeared from the language in the Middle Ages. The numerical form is used in the masculine whenever there is a precise amount of something, regardless of the actual number, e.g. –

 стол (stol "chair") → много столове (mnogo stolove "many chairs", general plural) → два стола / десет стола (dva stola / deset stola "two chairs / ten chairs", numerical plural).

Definiteness
Definiteness is expressed by a definite article which is postfixed to the noun:

The definite article comes after plural ending:

Vocative form
Vocative form is used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed.

 for family members – e.g. майка → майко (majka → majko "mother")
 for masculine names – e.g. Петър → Петре (Petar → Petre)
 in social descriptors – e.g. приятел → приятелю (prijatel → prijatelju "friend"), учител → учителю (učitel → učitelju "teacher")

From the first decades of the 20th century, there is a tendency to avoid vocative forms. This is true for many personal names, as the use of feminine name forms in -[ь/й]o and of the potential vocative forms of foreign names has come to be considered rude or rustic. Thus, Иване means 'hey, Ivan', while the corresponding feminine forms Елено ('hey, Elena'), Маргарито ('hey, Margarita') are today seen as rude or unceremonious, and declining foreign names as in *Джоне ('hey, John') or *Саймъне ('hey, Simon') is considered humorous.

The tendency to avoid vocative forms for foreign names does not apply to names from Classical Antiquity, with the source languages having the vocative case as well: cf. Цезаре' ('O Caesar'), Перикле ('O Pericles'), Зевсе ('O Zeus'), etc.

Vocative is still in full and regular use for general nouns such as господине (gospodine "mister"), госпожице (gospožice "miss"), госпожо (gospožo "Mrs"), бабо (babo "grandma"), майко (majko "mother"), сине (sine "son").

Remnants of grammatical cases
Old Bulgarian had an extensive system of declension which included seven grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, locative, instrumental and vocative; of these, only what used to be nominative and vocative cases survives in modern Bulgarian. Though Bulgarian has lost its old declensional system, pronouns still have grammatical case; also, some nouns in indirect cases became fossilized and were reanalyzed as other parts of speech.

Remnants of grammatical cases in pronouns
Personal pronouns still have different subject, direct object and indirect object forms.

The set of pronouns in italic is obsolete and is nowadays substituted by на + long direct object pronouns: на мен/на мене, на теб/на тебе, на него, на нея, на него, на нас, на вас, на тях.

Interrogative, indefinite, negative, relative and universal pronouns have different subject and object forms, but only if some conditions are met:

 they are different only for masculine singular pronouns;
 only if pronoun refers to a male human being: e.g. човекът, с когото говоря  'the man that I'm talking to'; note that когото can be replaced with който in spoken language; but e.g. столът, на който седя  'the chair that I'm sitting on'.
 only if the pronoun is used alone, not attributively.

Otherwise, the subject and object pronouns are the same. The complete declension is summed up in the table below:

*These sets of pronouns are falling out of use, especially in spoken language. Instead of object forms, the subject ones tend to be used in more instances, e.g. на кой is used instead of на кого and кой  instead of кого and so on.

Single-word indirect object pronouns are obsolete.

Definite article
The grammarians who standardised the Bulgarian literary language introduced the subject definite article (пълен член) -ът/-ят and the object definite article (кратък член) -a/-я. This distinction was artificial and did not occur in any Bulgarian dialect of the time.  The subject definite article is used with definite masculine singular nouns which are the subject of a sentence, otherwise the object definite article is used.

e.g. стол (stol "a chair") → столът (stolat "the chair", subject) → под стола (pod stola "under the chair", object).

In spoken language, there is no difference in pronunciation of subject and object definite articles.

Formerly inflected nouns as other parts of speech

Remnants of the accusative case
Adverbs: сутрин, вечер, зимъс, днес, нощес, есенес, пролетес, лятос, вред.

Remnants of the dative case
Adverbs and prepositions:

Remnants of the genitive case
Adverbs: снощи, отстрани, довечера, отръки, допъти.

Remnants of the instrumental case
Adverbs and prepositions: нощем ( "during the night", from нощ ( "night"); сбогом (sbogom "farewell" – lit. "with God", from с + бог s + bog); бегом (begom "while running" from бяг ( – running), посредством, пешком, пълзешком, силом, бегом, нощем, денем, сбогом, кръгом, гърбом, редом, тихом, мигом, ребром, цифром, числом, словом.

Remnants of the locative case
Adverbs and prepositions: горе, отгоре, долу, отдолу, зиме, лете, утре, вкратце, есени, пролети, върху, срещу, между.

Adjectives
A Bulgarian adjective agrees in gender, number and definiteness with the noun it is appended to and is put usually before it. The comparative and the superlative form are formed analytically.

Pronouns

Nicolova distinguishes the following types of Bulgarian pronouns:

 personal;
 reflexive;
 possessive;
 reflexive possessive;
 demonstrative;
 universal;
 interrogative;
 relative;
 negative;
 indefinite.

Verbs

Word order
Although Bulgarian has almost no noun cases its word order is rather free. It is even freer than the word order of some languages that have cases, for example German. This is due to the agreement between the subject and the verb of a sentence. So in Bulgarian the sentence "I saw Lubomir" can be expressed thus:
 Видях Любомир.
   saw-1pSg Lyubomir
 Любомир (го) видях.
   Lyubomir (him) saw-1pSg
It is clear that the subject is "аз" ("I") (it has been dropped), because the verb "видях" is in the first person singular.

Other examples – Ivan greeted the girls:
 Иван поздрави момичетата.
   Ivan greeted-3pSg girls-the.
 Момичетата (ги) поздрави Иван.
   Girls-the (them) greeted-3pSg Ivan.
 Иван момичетата поздрави.
   Ivan girls-the greeted-3pSg.
 Момичетата Иван (ги) поздрави.
   Girls-the Ivan (them) greeted-3pSg.
 Поздрави Иван момичетата.
   Greeted-3pSg Ivan girls-the.
 Поздрави (ги) момичетата Иван.
   Greeted-3pSg (them) girls-the Ivan.
Theoretically all permutations are possible but the last one sounds rather odd.

The girls greeted Ivan:
 Момичетата поздравиха Иван.
   Girls-the greeted-3pPl Ivan.
 Иван (го) поздравиха момичетата.
   Ivan (him) greeted-3pPl girls-the.
 Момичетата Иван поздравиха.
   Girls-the Ivan greeted-3pPl.
 Иван момичетата (го) поздравиха.
   Ivan girls-the (him) greeted-3pPl.
 Поздравиха момичетата Иван.
   Greeted-3pPl girls-the Ivan.
 Поздравиха (го) Иван момичетата.
   Greeted-3pPl (him) Ivan girls-the.

The clitic doubling (го/ги) is obligatory only when the subject and the object are both in third person, and they are either both singular or both plural, but when the meaning is clear from the context it can be omitted. Examples:
 Иван го поздрави Мария.
   Ivan him greeted-3pSg Maria.
   Maria greeted Ivan.
 Мария я поздрави Иван.
   Maria her greeted-3pSg Ivan.
   Ivan greeted Maria.
but
 Ролите озвучиха артистите...
   Roles-the sound-screened-3pPl artists-the...
   The artists...(their names) sound-screened the roles. (They made the soundtrack for the film.)
In the compound tenses, when a participle is used, and when the subject and the object are of different gender or number, the clitic doubling can also be left out. So the first two of the above examples can be expressed in a compound tense thus:
 Иван (го) е поздравила Мария.
   Ivan (him) has greeted-3pSgFem Maria.
   Maria has greeted Ivan.
 Мария (я) е поздравил Иван.
   Maria (her) has greeted-3pSgMasc Ivan.
   Ivan has greeted Maria.
The above two examples sound a bit odd without the doubling, unless it is a case of topicalization and special stress is put on the first word.

Syntax
Bulgarian employs clitic doubling, mostly for emphatic purposes. For example, the following constructions are common in colloquial Bulgarian:

(lit. "I gave it the present to Maria.")

(lit. "I gave her it the present to Maria.")

The phenomenon is practically obligatory in the spoken language in the case of inversion signalling information structure (in writing, clitic doubling may be skipped in such instances, with a somewhat bookish effect):

(lit. "The present [to her] it I-gave to Maria.")

(lit. "To Maria to her [it] I-gave the present.")

Sometimes, the doubling signals syntactic relations, thus:

(lit. "Petar and Ivan them ate the wolves.")
Transl.: "Petar and Ivan were eaten by the wolves".

This is contrasted with:

(lit. "Petar and Ivan ate the wolves")
Transl.: "Petar and Ivan ate the wolves".

In this case, clitic doubling can be a colloquial alternative of the more formal or bookish passive voice, which would be constructed as follows:

(lit. "Petar and Ivan were eaten by the wolves.")

Clitic doubling is also fully obligatory, both in the spoken and in the written norm, in clauses including several special expressions that use the short accusative and dative pronouns such as "" (I feel like playing), студено ми е (I am cold), and боли ме ръката (my arm hurts):

(lit. "To me to me it-feels-like-sleeping, and to Ivan to him it-feels-like-playing")
Transl.: "I feel like sleeping, and Ivan feels like playing."

(lit. "To us to us it-is cold, and to you-plur. to you-plur. it-is warm")
Transl.: "We are cold, and you are warm."

(lit. Ivan him aches the throat, and me me aches the head)
Transl.: Ivan has sore throat, and I have a headache.

Except the above examples, clitic doubling is considered inappropriate in a formal context.

Other features

Questions
Questions in Bulgarian which do not use a question word (such as who? what? etc.) are formed with the particle ли after the verb; a subject is not necessary, as the verbal conjugation suggests who is performing the action:
 – 'you are coming';  – 'are you coming?'

While the particle  generally goes after the verb, it can go after a noun or adjective if a contrast is needed:
 – 'are you coming with us?';
 – 'are you coming with us'?
A verb is not always necessary, e.g. when presenting a choice:
 – 'him?';  – 'the yellow one?'

Rhetorical questions can be formed by adding  to a question word, thus forming a "double interrogative" –
 – 'Who?';  – 'I wonder who(?)'
The same construction +не ('no') is an emphasized positive –
 – 'Who was there?' –  – 'Nearly everyone!' (lit. 'I wonder who wasn't there')

Significant verbs

Съм

The verb   – 'to be' is also used as an auxiliary for forming the perfect, the passive and the conditional:
past tense –  – 'I have hit'
passive –  – 'I am hit'
past passive –  – 'I was hit'
conditional –  – 'I would hit'

Two alternate forms of  exist:
  – interchangeable with съм in most tenses and moods, but never in the present indicative – e.g.  ('I want to be'),  ('I will be here'); in the imperative, only бъда is used –  ('be here');
  – slightly archaic, imperfective form of бъда – e.g. Биваше заплашен.  ('he used to get threats'); in contemporary usage, it is mostly used in the negative to mean "ought not", e.g. Не бива да пушиш.  ('you shouldn't smoke').

Ще

The impersonal verb  (lit. 'it wants') is used to for forming the (positive) future tense:
отивам  – 'I am going'
ще отивам  – 'I will be going'
The negative future is formed with the invariable construction   (see  below):
няма да отивам  – 'I will not be going'
The past tense of this verb – щях  is conjugated to form the past conditional ('would have' – again, with да, since it is irrealis):
щях да отида  – 'I would have gone;' щеше да отидеш  'you would have gone'

Имам and нямам

The verbs   ('to have') and   ('to not have'):
the third person singular of these two can be used impersonally to mean 'there is/there are' or 'there isn't/aren't any,'  e.g.
Има време.  ('there is still time' – compare Spanish hay);
Няма никого.  ('there is no one there').
The impersonal form няма is used in the negative future – (see ще above).
 used on its own can mean simply 'I won't' – a simple refusal to a suggestion or instruction.

Conjunctions and particles

But

In Bulgarian, there are several conjunctions all translating into English as "but", which are all used in distinct situations. They are  (),  (),  (),  (), and  () (and  () – "however", identical in use to ).

While there is some overlapping between their uses, in many cases they are specific. For example,  is used for a choice – Не това, ами това. () – "not this one, but that one" (compare Spanish ), while ама () is often used to provide extra information or an opinion – Казах го, ама сгреших. () – "I said it, but I was wrong". Meanwhile, а () provides contrast between two situations, and in some sentences can even be translated as "although", "while" or even "and" – Аз работя, а той блее. () – "I'm working, and he's daydreaming".

Very often, different words can be used to alter the emphasis of a sentence – e.g. while  and  both mean "I smoke, but I shouldn't", the first sounds more like a statement of fact ("...but I mustn't"), while the second feels more like a judgement ("...but I oughtn't"). Similarly,  and  both mean "I don't want to, but he does", however the first emphasizes the fact that he wants to, while the second emphasizes the wanting rather than the person.

 is interesting in that, while it feels archaic, it is often used in poetry and frequently in children's stories, since it has quite a moral/ominous feel to it.

Some common expressions use these words, and some can be used alone as interjections:
 (lit. "yes, but no") – means "you're wrong to think so".
 can be tagged onto a sentence to express surprise:  – "he's sleeping!"
 – "you don't say!", "really!"

Vocative particles

Bulgarian has several abstract particles which are used to strengthen a statement. These have no precise translation in English. The particles are strictly informal and can even be considered rude by some people and in some situations. They are mostly used at the end of questions or instructions.
 () – the most common particle. It can be used to strengthen a statement or, sometimes, to indicate derision of an opinion, aided by the tone of voice. (Originally purely masculine, it can now be used towards both men and women.)
 – tell me (insistence);  – is that so? (derisive);  – you don't say!.
 ( – expresses urgency, sometimes pleading.
 – come on, get up!
 () (feminine only) – originally simply the feminine counterpart of , but today perceived as rude and derisive (compare the similar evolution of the vocative forms of feminine names).
 (, masculine),  (, feminine) – similar to  and , but archaic. Although informal, can sometimes be heard being used by older people.

Modal particles

These are "tagged" on to the beginning or end of a sentence to express the mood of the speaker in relation to the situation. They are mostly interrogative or slightly imperative in nature. There is no change in the grammatical mood when these are used (although they may be expressed through different grammatical moods in other languages).
 () – is a universal affirmative tag, like "isn't it"/"won't you", etc. (it is invariable, like the French ). It can be placed almost anywhere in the sentence, and does not always require a verb:
 – you are coming, aren't you?;  – didn't they want to?;  – that one, right?;
it can express quite complex thoughts through simple constructions –  – "I thought you weren't going to!" or "I thought there weren't any!" (depending on context – the verb  presents general negation/lacking, see "nyama", above).
 () – expresses uncertainty (if in the middle of a clause, can be translated as "whether") – e.g.  – "do you think he will come?"
 () – presents disbelief ~"don't tell me that..." – e.g.  – "don't tell me you want to!". It is slightly archaic, but still in use. Can be used on its own as an interjection –
 () – expresses hope –  – "he will come";  – "I hope he comes" (compare Spanish ). Grammatically,  is entirely separate from the verb  – "to hope".
 () – means "let('s)" – e.g.  – "let him come"; when used in the first person, it expresses extreme politeness:  – "let us go" (in colloquial situations, , below, is used instead).
, as an interjection, can also be used to express judgement or even schadenfreude –  – "he deserves it!".

Intentional particles

These express intent or desire, perhaps even pleading. They can be seen as a sort of cohortative side to the language. (Since they can be used by themselves, they could even be considered as verbs in their own right.) They are also highly informal.
 () – "come on", "let's"
e.g.  – "faster!"
 () – "let me" – exclusively when asking someone else for something. It can even be used on its own as a request or instruction (depending on the tone used), indicating that the speaker wants to partake in or try whatever the listener is doing.
 – let me see;  or  – "let me.../give me..."
 () (plural ) – can be used to issue a negative instruction – e.g.  – "don't come" ( + subjunctive). In some dialects, the construction  ( + preterite) is used instead. As an interjection –  – "don't!" (See section on imperative mood).

These particles can be combined with the vocative particles for greater effect, e.g.  (let me see), or even exclusively in combinations with them, with no other elements, e.g.  (come on!);  (I told you not to!).

Pronouns of quality
Bulgarian has several pronouns of quality which have no direct parallels in English – kakav (what sort of); takuv (this sort of); onakuv (that sort of – colloq.); nyakakav (some sort of); nikakav (no sort of); vsyakakav (every sort of); and the relative pronoun kakavto (the sort of ... that ... ). The adjective ednakuv ("the same") derives from the same radical.

Example phrases include:
kakav chovek?! – "what person?!"; kakav chovek e toy? – what sort of person is he?
ne poznavam takuv – "I don't know any (people like that)" (lit. "I don't know this sort of (person)")
nyakakvi hora – lit. "some type of people", but the understood meaning is "a bunch of people I don't know"
vsyakakvi hora – "all sorts of people"
kakav iskash? – "which type do you want?"; nikakav! – "I don't want any!"/"none!"

An interesting phenomenon is that these can be strung along one after another in quite long constructions, e.g.

An extreme (colloquial) sentence, with almost no physical meaning in it whatsoever – yet which does have perfect meaning to the Bulgarian ear – would be :
"kakva e taya takava edna nyakakva nikakva?!"
inferred translation – "what kind of no-good person is she?"
literal translation: "what kind of – is – this one here (she) – this sort of – one – some sort of – no sort of"
—Note: the subject of the sentence is simply the pronoun "taya" (lit. "this one here"; colloq. "she").

Another interesting phenomenon that is observed in colloquial speech is the use of takova (neuter of takyv) not only as a substitute for an adjective, but also as a substitute for a verb. In that case the base form takova is used as the third person singular in the present indicative and all other forms are formed by analogy to other verbs in the language. Sometimes the "verb" may even acquire a derivational prefix that changes its meaning. Examples:
 takovah ti shapkata – I did something to your hat (perhaps: I took your hat)
 takovah si ochilata – I did something to my glasses (perhaps: I lost my glasses)
 takovah se – I did something to myself (perhaps: I hurt myself)
Another use of takova in colloquial speech is the word takovata, which can be used as a substitution for a noun, but also, if the speaker doesn't remember or is not sure how to say something, they might say takovata and then pause to think about it:
 i posle toy takovata... – and then he [no translation] ...
 izyadoh ti takovata – I ate something of yours (perhaps: I ate your dessert). Here the word takovata is used as a substitution for a noun.
As a result of this versatility, the word takova can be used as a euphemism for literally anything. It is commonly used to substitute words relating to reproductive organs or sexual acts, for example:

 toy si takova takovata v takovata i – he [verb] his [noun] in her [noun]

Similar "meaningless" expressions are extremely common in spoken Bulgarian, especially when the speaker is finding it difficult to describe something.

Miscellaneous
The commonly cited phenomenon of Bulgarian people shaking their head for "yes" and nodding for "no" is true but, with the influence of Western culture, ever rarer, and almost non-existent among the younger generation. (The shaking and nodding are not identical to the Western gestures. The "nod" for no is actually an upward movement of the head rather than a downward one, while the shaking of the head for yes is not completely horizontal, but also has a slight "wavy" aspect to it.)
A dental click  (similar to the English "tsk") also means "no" (informal), as does ъ-ъ  (the only occurrence in Bulgarian of the glottal stop). The two are often said with the upward 'nod'.
Bulgarian has an extensive vocabulary covering family relationships. The biggest range of words is for uncles and aunts, e.g. chicho (your father's brother), vuicho (your mother's brother), svako (your aunt's husband); an even larger number of synonyms for these three exists in the various dialects of Bulgarian, including kaleko, lelincho, tetin, etc. The words do not only refer to the closest members of the family (such as brat – brother, but batko/bate – older brother, sestra – sister, but kaka – older sister), but extend to its furthest reaches, e.g. badzhanak from Turkish bacanak (the relationship of the husbands of two sisters to each other) and etarva (the relationships of two brothers' wives to each other). For all in-laws, there are specific names, e.g. a woman's husband's brother is her dever and her husband's sister is her zalva. In the traditional rural extended family before 1900, there existed separate subcategories for different brothers-in-law/sisters-in-law of a woman with regard to their age relative to hers, e.g. instead of simply a dever there could be a braino (older), a draginko (younger), or an ubavenkyo (who is still a child).
As with many Slavic languages, the double negative in Bulgarian is grammatically correct, while some forms of it, when used instead of a single negative form, are grammatically incorrect. The following are literal translations of grammatically correct Bulgarian sentences that utilize a double or multiple negation: "Никой никъде никога нищо не е направил." (multiple negation without the use of a compound double negative form, i.e. using a listing of several successive single negation words) – "Nobody never nowhere nothing did not do." (translated as "nobody has ever done anything, anywhere"); "Никога не съм бил там." (double negation without the use of a compound double negative form, i.e. using a listing of several successive single negation words) – I never did not go there ("[I] have never been there"); Никога никакви чувства не съм имал! – I never no feelings had not have!  (I have never had any feelings!). The same applies for Macedonian.

Numerals

In Bulgarian, the numerals 1 and 2 are inflected for gender.

Furthermore, cardinal numerals take special endings when:
 referring to men (2–6 and 10, and 20–100) – add "-ma"
 e.g. 2 chairs – dva stola; 2 brothers – dvama bratya
 referring to an approximate number (10–100 and, rarely, 5–9) – add "-ina"
 e.g. dvadeset dushi – 20 people; dvadesetina dushi – about 20 people
 they are used as common nouns – add the feminine "-ka/-tsa"

Notes:
 In Bulgarian, numerals can be used directly before uncountable nouns – e.g. vodа "water"  → edna voda "a glass of water" (the quantifier 'glass of' is inferred from the context – comp. English  'a beer''').
 The word edni can be translated as "some" – e.g. edni tzigari "some cigarettes" (comp. Spanish unos/unas).
 When counting, the neuter numbers are taken – edno, dve, tri....
 Fractions are the same as the ordinal numbers, and are done in the feminine 1/5 – edna peta, 2/5 – dve peti, etc.
 The words for men can be used by themselves, without a noun following – e.g. simply "vidyah dvama" – I saw two men, or even colloquially "edni dvama..." – these two men...
 Irregularly, "sedmina" and "osmina" can be used (archaically, poetically) to also mean "7/8 men" rather than "around 7/8".
 The smaller denomination of the Bulgarian currency – the stotìnka (pl. stotìnki)'' literally mean "hundredths" (diminutive); 100 stotinki = 1 lev.

Notes

References

External links
 Bulgarian Wiktionary
 Notes on the Grammar of the Bulgarian language – 1844 – Smyrna (now Izmir) – Elias Riggs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le Soulier d'or 1967 est un trophée individuel, récompensant le meilleur joueur du championnat de Belgique sur l'ensemble de l'année 1967. Ceci comprend donc à deux demi-saisons, la fin de la saison 1966-1967, de janvier à juin, et le début de la saison 1967-1968, de juillet à décembre.

Lauréat
Il s'agit de la quatorzième édition du trophée, remporté par le gardien de but du FC Bruges Fernand Boone. Il est le premier joueur du club à remporter le trophée, et le deuxième gardien récompensé. Le club brugeois termine vice-champion, et la régularité de Boone lui vaut d'être appelé en équipe nationale belge. Il devance deux joueurs du Standard de Liège, Roger Claessen et Nico Dewalque, et comme l'an passé, le premier joueur anderlechtois n'est que quatrième, malgré un nouveau titre remporté par le club bruxellois. Les votants estiment à l'époque que les performances d'Anderlecht « parlent d'elles-même », et choisissent de donner leur préférence aux joueurs des autres équipes.

Top 5

Voir aussi

Sources

Notes et références

Soulier d'or belge
Football en Belgique en 1967


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text:
const _       = require("lodash");

module.exports = {
  isSelected(selected){
    return (selected) ? selected : false;
  }
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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FTC to Go After PBMs
PBMs, spread pricing, legislation, FTC
PBMs are in the crosshairs of Washington, as their role in driving up drug costs for ordinary consumers becomes clearer to legislators and their constituents.
Following our series on the different pieces of legislation aimed at regulating pharmacy benefits managers' practices and the actions of organizations such as the NCPA (National Community Pharmacists Association) in promoting independent pharmacy, this month we are highlighting recent legislative action and efforts by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to increase drug pricing transparency and hold PBMs accountable.
Bipartisan Bill Introduced to Reign in PBMs
The Pharmacy Benefit Manager Transparency Act of 2022 is a bipartisan bill introduced by senators Maria Cantwell (D-WA) and Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) in May of this year to combat abusive pharmacy benefits manager practices. Specifically, the bill would tackle "unfair and deceptive PBM (Pharmacy Benefits Managers) business practices" concerning spread pricing, DIR fees, clawbacks, and payments made to pharmacies.
"Pharmacy benefit managers and other intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain must be held accountable for increasing the cost of health care in the United States. It is critical for Congress to direct the Federal Trade Commission to go after these arbitrary, unfair, and deceptive practices while also establishing more transparency and accountability," Senator Grassley states.
"PBMs are the middlemen in the prescription drug supply chain and it's time for Congress to give the FTC the ability to shine a brighter light on any deceptive and abusive practices," says Senator Cantwell.
PBM Disclosure and Accountability
The bill would force PBMS to fully disclose their markups, costs, remuneration fees, and reimbursements of prescription drugs to health plans and pharmacies. Along with disclosure, PBMs would also need to submit annual reports to the FTC containing previously undisclosed information, including:
The difference between costs paid by health plans to PBMs for drugs and the amount PBMs paid pharmacies on behalf of health plans for the drugs
The reasons for increasing costs, copays, and deductibles for patients and the reasons for decreased reimbursement rates to pharmacies for a prescription
The total amount of fees, reimbursements, and clawbacks from pharmacies
Spread Pricing and Clawbacks
The bill would address two of the most egregious examples of PBM abuse: spread pricing and clawbacks.
Clawbacks happen when PBMs charge copays that are more than the cash prices for the drugs. PBMs pocket the difference and pass the cost on to the pharmacy and the consumer.
Spread pricing allows PBMs to charge health plans more to process specific prescriptions, resulting in lower reimbursement rates and higher income for the PBM.
If the bill passes, PBMs would be required to disclose how much money they make through spread pricing and pharmacy fees to the FTC.
PBMs have cost Medicaid and patients hundreds of millions of dollars in spread costs and overcharges. Because these murky business practices have driven up pricing in the drug supply chain, PBMs have come under scrutiny in several states in the past years, including New Jersey, Ohio, Kansas, D.C., Mississippi, and others.
FTC Vote and Investigation
The FTC voted unanimously in a 5-0 decision in June to examine the rising cost of insulin prices and the anti-competitive practices of PBMs.
In the eight years between 2009 and 2017, insulin prices have almost tripled. With a vial of insulin costing $300 in 2022, this life-saving treatment is out of reach for many insulin-dependent diabetics.
In a separate investigation in the same month, and a reversal of an earlier vote, the FTC asked the six largest pharmacy benefits managers in the country (OptumRx, Humana, Prime Therapeutics, MedImpact Healthcare Systems, Express Scripts, and CVS Caremark) to submit five years' worth of records specifically to investigate the effect of vertical integration and mergers on the access to and pricing of prescription drugs.
The six largest PBMS control over 80% of the total prescription drug market, with CVS controlling the lion's share at 30%.
FTC Chair Lina Khan explains that the inquiry will "shine a light on these companies' practices and their impact on pharmacies, payers, doctors, and patients."
The commission has vowed to take legal action against PBMs, should it find evidence of anti-competitive practices.
The timing of the FTC vote comes at a time when documents in a whistleblower lawsuit against CVS were unsealed and recently made public.
The lawsuit, which involves a former executive, alleges that CVS knowingly and intentionally impeded some Medicare patients from gaining access to cheaper generic prescriptions, increasing profits for the company while passing the costs to taxpayers and the Part D beneficiaries in the process.
Section 6 of the proposed bill empowers the FTC to protect whistleblowers against intimidation or reprisals for reporting violations.
PBMS Sue to Keep Prescription Rebates Hidden
While being blamed for exploiting loopholes in the drug pricing system that allows them to dictate unreasonable prices for formularies, PBMs have maintained that the blame for rising drug costs rests squarely on the shoulders of drug manufacturers and that PBMS save consumers 40% to 50% on prescription drug costs.
However, in August 2021, The Pharmaceutical Care Management Association (PCMA), which represents PBMs, sued the federal government to keep prescription drug prices from being disclosed to the public. The suit states that the government had overstepped its bounds in requiring PBMs to reveal net prices they negotiate with drug companies.
Named in the suit were agencies including The Department of Health and Human Services, Internal Revenue Service and Department of Labor.
According to the suit, PCMA alleges that the rule, which will force them to reveal negotiated prices, will only serve to "drive up the total drug price ultimately borne by health plans, taxpayers and consumers by advantaging drug manufacturers in negotiations over price concessions, through collusion to increase drug prices."
After reaching an agreement with the current administration, the lawsuit was pulled. PBMS would still have to disclose negotiated prices to the government but will not have to make the amounts public.
Grassroots Action in August
For the latest on action against PBM abuse by state, visit the National Conference of State Legislatures page on PBMs here.
To find out what businesses can do to shed light on the importance of pharmacy in the local community, visit the Grassroots Toolkit page and consider participating in the NCPA Month of Action in August 2022.
Pharmacy Deserts: Challenge and Opportunity
Legislator Engagement & Site Visits: Podcast Recap
State Actions Against PBMs Ramp Up


Currently, the $WTC token on all cryptocurrency exchanges is ERC20 WTC which is not compatible with the current Waltonchain Mainnet Wallets (Windows/Linux/macOS/Android/iOS). Please DO NOT transfer your ERC20 $WTC tokens to Waltonchain Wallets before Mainnet Token Swap (expected to start in April). If you happened to transfer ERC20 WTC to a Waltonchain Wallet, please follow the below link to retrieve your tokens.
Waltonchain team will keep this list updated.


An ideal digital vacuum meter to measure absolute pressure in the range of rough vacuum, the VD81 is also provided with a USB interface that allows data logging.
It is suitable for both stationary or mobile applications because it's ability of being operated with a battery or external power supply.
An ideal digital vacuum meter to measure absolute pressure in the range of fine vacuums, the VD83 is provided with a USB interface that allows data logging (save up to 2000 measurements). It is suitable for both stationary or mobile applications because it's ability of being operated with a battery or external power supply.
To measure absolute pressure in the range of fine vacuums, the VD84 is ideal, which also has an external, exchangeable sensor head (VSP841 / VSP842) and cam be used as a data logger because of its equipped USB interface. It is suitable for both stationary or mobile applications because it's ability of being operated with a battery or external power supply.
Measuring pressure over 7 decades in the range of fine and rough vacuum, the VD85 digital vacuum meter is equipped with a combination sensor of Piezo and Pirani that ensures optimum resolution and precision over the entire range. The integrated USB interface allows data logging (save up to 2000 measurements). It is suitable for both stationary or mobile applications because it's ability of being operated with a battery or external power supply.
Uninterrupted pressure display over the entire range.


Score a touchdown every time you wear these Game Day Spirit DIY Earrings. Switch up the colors on these handmade earrings to match any team that you are watching during game day! These drop earrings are extremely unique, and will make you stand out against other people wearing store bought sports jewelry. Prove your dedication to your favorite team by putting these beaded earrings together and wearing them every game for good luck! Plus, if you're not that into sports, these DIY earrings are perfect for matching your school colors and showing some school spirit.
What a unique idea! I have some of the larger beads but not in the colors I want to use so for now I will just use the pattern to make pretty earrings. Then I can get the college colors I need. It's a great idea. Thanks for the great inspiration and directions.


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The Persecution and Genocide of Christians in the Middle East: Prevention, Prohibition, & Prosecution - Podcast
Aug 24 2017 Podcast
International & National Security Law & Religious Liberties Practice Group Podcast
International & National Security Law Practice Group, Religious Liberties Practice Group
Since the summer of 2014, ISIS has been waging a blitz through Iraq's Nineveh province, murdering and displacing Iraqi Christians and others. The European Union, Britain, and the U.S. have labeled the campaign to eradicate Christianity from Iraq as genocide. However many in the West, even Christians, remain unaware of the scale of this persecution, and even fewer know what can be done about it. The Persecution and Genocide of Christians in the Middle East focuses on persecuted Christians, but its analysis applies equally to the other victims. In the United States, military and diplomatic responses are contemplated and sometimes undertaken. But what about the legal system? Are there things we can or should be trying? That question animates this book as it explores various facets of religious persecution.
Prof. Ronald J. Rychlak, Co-Editor & Contributor, The Persecution and Genocide of Christians in the Middle East: Prevention, Prohibition, & Prosecution, Professor of Law, Jamie L. Whitten Chair of Law and Government, and Faculty Athletics Representative, University of Mississippi School of Law
Nina Shea, Director, Center for Religious Freedom, Hudson Institute, Former Commissioner on the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom
https://fedsoc.org/commentary/podcasts/the-persecution-and-genocide-of-christians-in-the-middle-east-prevention-prohibition-prosecution-podcast
Ronald J. Rychlak


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India: Uninor Telecom by Fredrik Naumann
FNA-060211-india-mumbai-0395.jpg
People on the oceanfront walkway Marine Drive, Mumbai, use their mobile phones. Telenor warned it could be forced to reconsider its presence in India if the New Delhi revises the terms of its spectrum licence amid a political scandal over regulation of the Indian telecoms industry.
Unitech, since renamed Uninor, is one of five companies alleged to have benefited from irregularities that an official audit claimed had cost the Indian government $39bn in lost revenues from spectrum...
Unitech, since renamed Uninor, is one of five companies alleged to have benefited from irregularities that an official audit claimed had cost the Indian government $39bn in lost revenues from spectrum licences.
Further reading : http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f391ebb0-33b4-11e0-b1ed-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1DWW1eUZh
Copyright: Fredrik Naumann/Felix Features


On Monday, March 11(th), Procida will take part in an in-depth panel discussion on "Strategies for Value Added Real Estate Investments in a Resurgent Market." The panel will take place at the Mortgage Bankers Association's Annual Regional Conference at the Taj Mahal in Atlantic City. For more information please visit www.regionalconferencembas.com.
On Thursday, April 4(th), Procida will lend his insight in a lecture titled, "Underwriting and Asset Management Past and Present" during the 2(nd) Annual New York City Finance Expo. The expo is taking place at the New York City Bar Association located at 42 W. 44(th) Street. For more information please visit www.nycfinanceexpo.com/attendees/register/. Enter promotional code "Procida" to receive a discount on tickets.
On April 23(rd) Procida will also host his own real estate symposium to discuss his 100 Mile Fund's progress and economic outlook. Attendance is limited to "accredited investors." If you are interested in attending the symposium please contact Jessica Lacy at jlacy@procida.com for more information.
On June 3(rd) Procida has been selected to give the Keynote at the New York State Commercial Association of Realtors taking place at the Turning Point Resort & Casino in Verona New York. For more information on this event please visit www.nyscar.org/calendar.htm.
"When I was a youngster in this business I had the benefit of being taught by the best," said Billy Procida. "Whenever I asked what I could do to repay my mentors they always said pass it on. I look forward to sharing my views on the current real estate market."
About Procida Funding & Advisors, LLCProcida Funding, LLC, provides bridge, mezzanine and equity capital to the real estate industry and middle market companies through its 100 Mile Fund. Since 1995, the Firm has completed over one billion dollars of transactions ranging from $1,000,000 to $50,000,000. The Firm utilizes its own capital as well as strategic capital partners. Procida Advisors provides due diligence and asset management services to financial institutions and private equity funds with a concentration on construction, bankruptcy, restructuring and marketing.
The firm's founder William Procida has been a prominent leader in the tri-state area real estate market for over 30 years, building over one billion dollars in projects and financing more than two billion dollars. In addition to being a media commentator, with frequent appearances on CNBC and Fox Business, he has received the New York City "Developer of the Year Award" and National Association of Home Builders "Pillar of the Industry Award."


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Molecules and Mechanisms for Quantum Information Processing
David Shultz
Martin Kirk
Michael R. Wasielewski
"The future is quantum" reads IBM's front page for their quantum computation website (https://www.research.ibm.com/ibm-q/). Indeed, on May 9th, 2018, IBM named the first University- based "Q hub" at NC State University (https://news.ncsu.edu/2018/05/ibm-quantum-computing-hub/), and more recently the National Science Foundation announced extensive funding for "Quantum Leap" (https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/big_ideas/quantum.jsp). By using the unique quantum mechanical properties of spin, entanglement, and superposition, quantum computing and information processing offers exponential enhancements in a variety of computing technologies. Rather than storing information as conventional "0" and "1" binary bits, quantum computers store information as "qubits" on a continuous valued Bloch sphere, which can represent more than two states simultaneously, i.e. superposition. Superposition and entanglement allow for parallel computing and the solution of problems far too intractable using conventional computation approaches.
131 W Columbia Ave Telluride, CO 81435
Berben, Louise University of California Davis 9/22
Blackstock, Silas The University of Alabama
Forbes, Malcolm Bowling Green State University 9/22
Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel The Ohio State University 9/22
Kirk, Martin The University of New Mexico 9/22
Lemaire, Martin Brock University 9/22
Shultz, David NC State University 9/22
Stoll, Stefan University of Washington 9/22
Wasielewski, Michael Northwestern University 9/22
Yuen-Zhou, Joel UC San Diego 9/22


Welding Equipment — International Components Group Inc.
In 1980, SUMIG started as a manufacturer of quality line of competitively priced MIG products to answer the need of fabricators in southern Brazil. The customer centric approach was key to SUMIG's rapid growth to become the market share leader in Brazil. The second family generation became key members of the management team utilizing the same "customer centric" vision and leveraging those qualities globally. Challenged by our customer and listening to our team, SUMIG has expanded into new product segments and geography. We have drawn on our basic welding products and knowledge and developed unique automation and robotic systems demanded by customers needing high productivity. We have been able to grow internationally by partnering with local distributors in various countries.
Our USA corporate office and warehouse manages our business for North American operations for Canada, USA and Mexico. The decision to be closer to our customers allows us to quickly respond to their needs and have product delivered when needed. Our knowledgeable sales team and dedicated agents work with distribution to fit the right products to the right applications. We are continuing to grow with our distribution partners combining our strengths to better service customers.
Quality, technology, support and trust: through these concepts we will continue to help our customers grow.


Enough in the way of misstatements, contradictions and other evidence has emerged from the developing story of 'lost' Malaysian Airlines flight 370 to form a case for its disappearance being orchestrated by the West's Military Industrial Complex.
(Reuters) - Malaysia said on Monday that a missing jetliner had crashed into the Indian Ocean, an announcement that was greeted with hysteria by Chinese relatives of those on board and a demand by China that Kuala Lumpur share all the evidence it had on the incident.
KUALA LUMPUR -- Malaysia said Thursday that satellite images of suspected debris from a missing jet were yet another false lead, and debunked a report the plane had flown on for hours after losing contact — leaving the nearly week-old mystery no closer to being solved.
PERTH, Australia (AP) — Six Australian planes took off Saturday for a third day of scouring the desolate southern Indian Ocean for possible parts of missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, now lost for two full weeks.
Australia promised its best efforts to resolve the mystery, but two days of searching the seas about 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) southwest of Perth have not produced any evidence.


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Reckless Hearts
A Story of Slim Hawks and Ernest Hemingway
Melanie Benjamin
Melanie Benjamin introduces readers to the lavish, heady world of her novel The Swans of Fifth Avenue with this exclusive ebook short story! In this enchanting prequel, New York society and Hollywood royalty collide during the doomed and decadent life of Ernest Hemingway.
Spain, 1959. Slim Hawks Hayward likes to think she doesn't get jealous. But when her dear friend Lauren "Betty" Bacall learns that Papa Hemingway has come to watch the bullfights and insists that Slim make introductions, she can't help feeling protective. Slim has known Papa for years. He always makes her feel like the most beautiful woman in the room—even when his wife is standing right beside him. Truth be told, Slim could have learned to love him all those years ago, in the streets of Havana or the mountains of the American West. Now, Slim is sure that Papa will fall for Betty. What she doesn't anticipate is the feeling that Papa himself has changed—and their relationship will never be the same.
Features a captivating preview of Melanie Benjamin's highly anticipated novel The Swans of Fifth Avenue!
Advance praise for Melanie Benjamin's The Swans of Fifth Avenue
"The strange and fascinating relationship between Truman Capote and his 'swans' is wonderfully reimagined in this engrossing novel. It's a credit to Benjamin that we end up caring so much for these women of power, grace, and beauty—and for Capote, too."—Sara Gruen, New York Times bestselling author of Water for Elephants
"A delicious tale . . . Melanie Benjamin has turned Truman Capote's greatest scandal into your next must-read book-club selection."—Jamie Ford, New York Times bestselling author of Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet
"Reading The Swans of Fifth Avenue is like being ushered into a party where you're offered champagne and fed the sumptuous secrets of New York's elite—without having to pay the price afterward. The swans are outmatched only by the elegance of Melanie Benjamin's prose—captivatingly earnest and sophisticated."—Vanessa Diffenbaugh, New York Times bestselling author of The Language of Flowers
"Benjamin convincingly portrays a large cast of colorful historical figures while crafting a compelling, gossipy narrative with rich emotional depth."—Library Journal
Penguin Random House LLC
More Books by Melanie Benjamin
The Aviator's Wife
The Swans of Fifth Avenue
Mistress of the Ritz
The Girls in the Picture
Alice I Have Been


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Jacks on top of Summit League with wins over rivals
By ANDREW HOLTAN
The South Dakota State women's basketball team came away with two victories in Frost Arena over rival opponents last week, to improve 18-5 overall and 9-2 in the Summit League.
The Jacks started their week Thursday, Feb. 2, with a 70-44 victory over North Dakota State. SDSU followed up with a 70-58 win over South Dakota Saturday, Feb. 4. With the win over USD, the Jackrabbits took sole possession of first place in the Summit League.
The Jacks led the whole game against NDSU and led for 38:45 against USD. Head Coach Aaron Johnston was pleased with the way his team controlled the games.
"I thought our defense was excellent in both games," Johnston said. "I thought we did a good job of disrupting their offenses and I think, when we had stretches where our offense wasn't as effective, our defense was still good and they were a huge part of sustaining those wins."
The Jacks defense is second in the league in points given up per game, only allowing 59.7 points per game. USD came into the game against the Jacks scoring 73.7 points a game and SDSU held them to 58.
"We've defended the three point line very well and caused teams to take contested shots," Johnston said. "We've also done a good job of stopping penetration and closing those lanes."
Senior center Clarissa Ober, who came back from a shoulder injury in early January, had 15 points, 12 rebounds and three steals against USD.
"Every day she's looking healthier and healthier. She's definitely gaining more strength and confidence in her game and is doing a really nice job and did a lot in that USD game," Johnston said.
Up next for the Jacks will be their annual Think Pink Game, which will be at 7 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 8, in Frost Arena against Oral Roberts.
The Jacks will wear special black uniforms with pink letters and numbers that will be auctioned off after the game, with the proceeds going to the Edith Sanford Breast Cancer Foundation.
"This is a great organization and it will be the third year we've partnered up with them," Johnston said. "I think the partnership between us brings more awareness and support for people that are battling that difficult disease."
Oral Roberts comes into the game 13-11 overall and 5-6 in the Summit League, which puts them in fifth place. Oral Roberts is third in the Summit League in points given up per game. SDSU defeated ORU 78-57 in Tulsa, Oklahoma Jan. 14.
The Jacks will then travel to Indianapolis Saturday, Feb. 11, to take on IUPUI, which is 17-7 overall, the top defensive team in the Summit League and fourth overall in league with a record of 7-4. SDSU defeated IUPUI 68-49 in Brookings Jan. 11.
"Both teams are great defensively, so we better have some good plans on how we're gonna score," Johnston said. "Then on the offensive side, they both do a great job attacking the basket, so we're gonna have to do a good job of forcing them to take jump shots."


Download Black Butler | Watch Black Butler Online - Download new Drama everyday!
Reiko is a rich heiress to an industrial and financial business conglomerate, but she chose to work as a detective. She resents her superior, Kazamatsuri, who always seem to be making illogical deductions that causes murder cases to become cold cases. One day, her butler suddenly announces his retirement, and he chooses Kageyama as his replacement. Reiko realizes that Kageyama's deduction skills are very good after Kageyama solved a seemingly unsolvable mystery. Now, set on the Princess Reiko, the largest luxury liner in Asia, the sharp-tongued butler and Detective Reiko are challenged to solve a puzzle against 300 other passengers and crewmen.
Hajime Saionji (Takaya Kamikawa) is the perfect butler and he works for a madame who is elegant. The madame is full of curiosity and has a pure personality. Hajime Saionji began to work for the madame before her husband died and they share a deep level of trust. One day, they a face murder case. The madame holds doubts about the murder case. Hajime Saionji uses his great reasoning powers in an attempt to solve the mystery.


Have You Worked in the Industry for Long?
I joined the industry in 1998. I went to university before this and when I got into the industry I did a few different jobs before working for a US based Internet Service Provider. I worked on software development before going freelance. I then worked for a variety of design agencies and a few years ago I re-entered the contract market.
The main role is turning a set of requirements into a software system. You will start a project by talking to customers and understanding their requirements. Then when you get the job specification you can then start the development of the system. Throughout this phase you need to make a lot of technical notes and although the customer may not understand them they are vital for any other developers working on the project. You then are responsible for writing the system and programming it.
Do You Need Specific Qualifications?
Not necessarily although it would be advantageous. I know people in the industry who don't have a degree although I know in some circumstances if you don't have a degree you could be automatically excluded from some positions.
I would say that if you are looking to get into the industry it has to be because you have a genuine interest and passion for technology. If you are trying to get into the industry purely for the money you will be miserable and will always play second best to someone who has a genuine passion for what they do. The hours are long so you need to be dedicated. If you don't want to go down the university route then I would suggest working on community projects in the Open Source movement as if you complete a good project it will lead to opportunities.
What Is The Most Crucial Thing to Include on a CV?
I think including relevant technical skills and demonstrating how you have used them is essential. As many organisations use recruitment companies to help them find talent it's also vital to include key words on your CV as many recruiters use these to narrow down their candidate lists.


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Melinaea agricola är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Hall 1935. Melinaea agricola ingår i släktet Melinaea och familjen praktfjärilar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Praktfjärilar
agricola


49 COLOURlovers viewed this page and think garbuge is a superstar.
thanks for using my design!! i love the muted warm to cool color scheme- works really well for the radial pattern!
Credit must be given to garbuge & kgraha22.


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About Plymouth Energy Community Meet the team Our story
You are here: About Plymouth Energy Community / PEC (Community Benefit Society)
PEC (Community Benefit Society)
Our journey started with PEC as a Community Benefit Society. PEC Trust (charitable organisation) evolved from this and now operates most of our projects but PEC still exists to support new innovative ways to reduce carbon emissions and fuel poverty.
Our Board of volunteer Director oversee PEC's activities.
Lee Richards
Lee is a Senior Research Manager at the University of Plymouth. He has previously worked as Regen SW's onshore renewables lead and managed work within the large-scale onshore renewables, micro-generation and built environment sectors.
He has over 9 years' experience in the renewables industry and has developed the capabilities of businesses and communities to deploy more renewable and energy efficiency technologies. He has extensive knowledge of sustainable energy and low carbon policy, legislation, supply chain and technical development and deployment. Lee helped to develop and manage the £6.3M Ready for Retrofit programme, one of the UK's largest European Regional Development Fund business support programmes, installing over 1700 domestic energy efficiency technologies.
Lee is from Plymouth and as keen advocate of developing the low carbon economy he wants the city to lead in community led renewable energy initiatives.
He was voted to the PEC Board in 2017 and was co-opted to the PEC Renewables Board in 2015. He is also the Chair of Ernesettle Community Solar Ltd.
Zoe Sydenham
Zoe is Plymouth City Council's Natural Infrastructure Projects and Partnerships Manager and leads work to drive innovation in the management of natural spaces, and in how it engages citizens and social enterprises within them.
Her previous roles included managing the Community Team at Groundwork East London and running the Youth European Volunteer Programme for the United Nations Association Exchange in Wales.
Zoe has a strong interest in the interface of personal well-being and the environment, and am currently studying for a Master's degree in Public Health. She is passionate about engaging communities about their local environments and supports the board of Plymouth Energy Community in its new business planning work.
Zoe was elected to the PEC Board at the 2019 AGM.
Chris Penberthy
Councillor Chris Penberthy (Labour and Co-operative, St Peter and the Waterfront) was a member of Plymouth City Council's Cabinet from 2012-2016 and again from 2017- present. His portfolio has included housing, social enterprise development and support, community safety, neighbourhood working, child poverty, welfare policy and financial inclusion. Chris has spent most of his working life in charities including as Chief Executive of Volunteer Development England. He was awarded a fellowship of the Royal Society of Arts in recognition of his contribution to the voluntary and community sector.
Chris has held a variety of trusteeships and directorships in charities and social enterprises. He currently holds the Chair Plymouth Fairtrade Network, Millfields Inspired and the South West Council of the Cooperative Party. He has previously been appointed by Plymouth City Council to the Boards of the Millfields Community Economic Development Trust CIC, and Plymouth Municipal Charities. Chris is a Governor of Plymouth College of Art and is also Vice Chair of the Co-operative Councils Innovation Network and Chair of its Values and Principles Board.
Chris has been an elected member Director of PEC Renewables since 2014 and became a Director of Ernesettle Community Solar Ltd in 2015.
PEC Rules
The governing rules of PEC that detail our purpose, rules, membership and how we make decisions.
PEC Rules 18 December 2014 (pdf)
Directors Reports
The annual reports and audited accounts for each year. Please note, the 2019 report includes PEC Trust, the 2020 report includes PEC Trust and PEC Homes.
PEC Annual Report 2020 (pdf)
PEC Directors Report 2017 (pdf)
Click below to see what happened at each AGM, read the minutes & relevant documentation.
Find out what happened at PEC's seventh AGM, held virtually for the first time.
Find out what happened at PEC's sixth AGM, held as part of 'The Power of Creativity: Art, energy & the climate emergency'.
Find out what happened at PEC's fifth AGM, held as part of the larger 'Powering Change' event.
PEC's fourth AGM was held as part of the larger event 'Taking the Power Back'
Find out what happened at PEC's third AGM.
Find out what happened at PEC's second AGM.
Find out what happened at PEC's first AGM.