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On Nov 11 2013 by H. Ronald Klasko
Visa Issues for Post-Docs
Post-docs are a conundrum. Are they trainees? employees? students? Are they clinical researchers publishing cutting edge research and enabling principal investigators to accomplish significant research under federal grants? Or are they engaged in "mentored advanced training to enhance the professional skills and research independence needed to pursue his or her chosen career path" as defined by NIH and NSF?
These different views of post-docs lead to different treatment of post-docs for immigration purposes. This treatment is not at all consistent between universities and not even always consistent within any given university. There are political issues, legal issues, tax issues, benefit issues, and source of payment issues to be considered.
This author participated in a panel entitled "Visa Issues for Post Docs" at the NAFSA region VIII Conference in Baltimore in November 2007. In preparation for the conference, I did a survey of 19 institutions which have post-doctoral programs. This article contains the results of that survey. Four questions were asked of the survey participants:
How many different categories of post-docs does your institution have?
Do you generally utilize H-1B visas or J-1 visas for post-docs?
Do you sponsor J-1s for interested government waivers of the two year home residence requirement?
Do you ever sponsor post-docs for permanent residence status?
The article contains a summary of the responses of the institutions, specific quotations from certain institutions and the author's comments and summary of the issues surveyed, as follows:
1- 9 institutions
Notes: Institutions with multiple categories of post-docs generally distinguish based on source of payment; i.e., paid by the university; paid by grant; paid by another institution (visiting).
Does your institution utilize H1-B or J-1 visas for post-docs?
J-1s only – – 2 institutions
H-1Bs only – – 2 institutions
H-1B or J-1 depending upon category of post-doc, source of funding, whether skills list is applicable, term of employment, employee or non-employee – – 15 institutions
Comments from institutions:
"Most of our Js are visiting fellows (not on staff) but the researchers on staff are on H-1Bs"
"We only do Hs for our employees…the post doctoral research associates. We use the J for the other two who we do not consider our employees."
"We only sponsor post-doctoral fellows for the J-1 category. We reserve the H category for regular positions."
"We do Hs and Js for the scientists and scholars and not usually for the follows since "fellow" usually implies that the funding is outside the university."
"We do J when we can for our post-doc, H if the J is not advisable for some reason."
"We will process H-1s for post-doctoral research fellows, research fellows and research scholars. All others are J-1 or F-1 with CPT or OPT."
"The majority of our post-docs are sponsored for J-1s, and their positions are, by their very nature, temporary. And for most of them, the J-1 is perfectly adequate. There are some who we sponsor for H-1Bs: Those on practical training or who are from countries on the skills list and would become subject if we did Js. Most of them have been away from home for many years, and would likely not be able to prove nonimmigrant intent or get waivers. Other who have already filed for PR based on NIW we obviously can't sponsor for the J."
The Office of International Programs and Studies only processes Js and the university hires outside counsel for Hs.
"We do Hs and Js for post-docs, usually Js for research scholars since they often don't get paid (and probably wouldn't meet the prevailing wage)."
"Only the post-doctoral scholar-employee is eligible for H-1B status. However, there are other criteria for H-1B sponsorship which must be satisfied before we will do the H-1B, including a three year full-time job offer. Occasionally, the payroll title "staff research associate" is used for an employee who may call himself or herself a "post-doc" informally. This title is eligible for J-1 status or H-1B status."
"For the trainees we only do Js because they are not considered employees. For the post-doctoral fellow we do both Hs and Js."
"Either one. Usually H-1B, but sometimes J-1 seems acceptable for employees coming directly from their home countries."
"We do both, it is pretty much split down the middle."
"If they are coming from overseas, we do the J usually and then we will change them to H later on if they run out of J time or if they have come to us on F-1 OPT."
"We have Hs and Js for "research scholars;" Js for "short-term scholars."
"We do Hs and Js for post-docs unless it is a straight fellowship and not considered employment."
"Associates about 50/50. Fellows – majority J-1 and trying to get everyone in J category (the problem is individuals shift back and forth between PDAs and PDFs so if they started at PDA in H-1 we don't insist a change to J if their positions shift to a PDF…but we recognize the problem and are working on it."
"Post-docs are treated as employees, albeit temporary, which means we do apply for H-1Bs on their behalf."
In my experience, J-1s are often used for post-docs for the following reasons, among others:
Post-docs are considered trainees and not employees;
J-2 dependents are eligible to apply for employment authorization;
No fees, as compared with H-1bs;
J-1 time limits have now been increased to 5 years;
Grants to pay post-docs are considered non-W-2 wages; and
Post-docs may not get all benefits that other employees receive.
On the other hand, my experience with universities that do sponsor post-docs for H-1Bs reveals the following reasons, among others:
post-docs may want H-1B and may only choose universities that will file H-1B;
Chinese and other country post-docs would be subject to the two-year return requirement if J-1;
H-1Bs may have less risk of foreign travel; H-1B can be valid for up to six years.
Institutions filing H-1B petitions for post-docs should be aware of Department of Labor regulations that refer to "employer" and "employment relationship" and require payment of "wages" that must be "shown in the employer's payroll records as earnings to the employee" and must be subject to "appropriate withholding for the employee's tax." The H-1B also requires payment of benefits. USCIS regulations state that the H-1B must be filed by an "agent" or "employer" with an "employer-employee relationship."
Does your institution sponsor J-1 post-docs for IGA (interested government agency) waivers?
Yes- 11 institutions
No- 8 institutions
"We have not done an IGA waiver for any of our Js. But if a faculty member or a senior researcher had a two year requirement because of a J, I think we would support an IGA waiver."
"We have only had to sponsor two IGA waivers that the individual and the department along with the agency handled."
"We do not get involved in the IGA waivers although I know academic departments have done them."
"We provide information to any J and department. As an office we do not sponsor IGA waivers in the sense of preparing the application."
"Only staff physicians – HHS waiver."
"Only if they are candidates for tenure-track faculty or senior researcher position."
"Yes, depending on the department."
"On occasion we have had departments sponsor an IGA waiver for people who are working in the School of Medicine or in a research position at the hospital (but our office does not get involved)."
"IGA waivers are occasionally initiated by the departments, with the approval of a high-level person in the administration. The preparation of the waiver application is done by outside counsel. The international office is not involved, except to ensure compliance with the university policy and regulations, and to confirm institutional approval of the waiver process with the Waiver Review Board."
"Aside from giving basic information to the J-1 visitors, we try to stay out of the waiver process. I try very hard NOT to use the J-1 program for long-term employees (more than five years), so we try to avoid the waiver issue as much as possible. The university might have tried to do IGA waivers in 1-2 cases, but we have the department do the applications – – not our office."
"Yes, if needed. It has hardly happened."
"This is considered an individual transaction and is usually done by the scholar with the assistance from his or her PI."
A waiver of the two-year home residence requirement is only necessitated if the post-doc has received direct funding from a U.S. Government agency or has been financed by the home country government or, alternatively, if the post-doc's area of specialization is on the home country's skills list. The fact that the post-doc is paid by a grant to the PI from NIH or other U.S. government agency does not subject the post-doc to the two-year return requirement. Some countries (such as China) include every skill on the skills list; some countries (such as India) have only selected skills; other countries (such as most of Western Europe) have no skills list.
There are four different possible types of waivers: no-objection statement from the home country; exceptional hardship to U.S. citizen of permanent resident spouse or child; persecution waiver; and waiver based upon recommendation from interested U.S government agency. Only the latter (IGA) waiver requires sponsorship by the university. Although any U.S. government agency can recommend a waiver, most waivers for post-docs are recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services (NIH), National Science Foundation or Department of Defense. These agencies have formal programs. Some agencies have policies not to sponsor such waivers. Some agencies either do not know of the waiver options or have rather informal procedures.
Most agencies, including those listed above, require the waiver application to be filed by the employing university based upon anticipated future employment of a critical nature on a project of interest to the agency in question. For this purpose, institutions need to make case-by-case or blanket policy judgments regarding whether or not to sponsor exchange visitors for waivers and whether the sponsorship is done at an institutional level or at a departmental level.
Does your institution ever sponsor post-docs for lawful permanent residence?
Yes- 6 institutions
No- 16 institutions
"We do not sponsor post-docs with PR…we do not consider them as permanent employment. They are appointed annually for up to three years, up to five in molecular biology and chemistry. After that time passes, they can be promoted to the next rank and either be appointed with an annual end date or without end date. If without end date, we will look at PR."
"Up until July of this year, we sponsored anyone in a regular (permanent) position for LPR. The policy has now changed and we only sponsor individuals in faculty positions. Post-docs were not covered under the old policy (and much less under the new one) because they are not considered employees of the university. They are treated as students."
"In the past we have had attorneys file for LPR for post-docs. Now with PERM, it is increasingly harder to prove permanence."
"University policy is that the position must be a permanent position for our sponsorship, and a post-doc is not considered a permanent position. They are free to self-petition under extraordinary or NIW."
"Yes, some departments will sponsor a post-doc for LPR, but most transition them to something else first, like "associate scientist."
"Our experience is that these will be denied by USCIS and at our institution a person can only be a post-doc for a maximum period of five years."
"We do, under the outstanding researcher category."
"No, we ask that they be promoted to research faculty before we sponsor them."
"In extremely limited situations we might consider it for EB-1."
There are both legal and policy issues regarding the sponsorship of post-docs for permanent resident status. The university must decide as a matter of policy whether it has sufficient interest in the post-docs future ability to remain in the United States to want to consider permanent resident sponsorship. For example, if the post-doc completes five years on an H-1B, she only has one year remaining on her six-year maximum H-1B status to complete the permanent residence process. This is balanced against university policies that may consider post-docs to be trainees or, at best, temporary employees for whom the university has no ongoing interest beyond the post-doc period.
Assuming the university wishes, as a matter of policy, to sponsor the post-doc, there are also legal issues. The first issue is whether the post-doc is an "employee" of the university, which is necessary for sponsorship. This also impacts tax and benefit issues.
The second significant legal issue is whether a post-doc's employment is "permanent" enough. The issues are different regarding sponsorship as an outstanding researcher versus sponsorship for a labor certification application. For purposes of outstanding researcher, the employment must be for a "term of indefinite or unlimited duration, and in which the employee will ordinarily have an expectation of continued employment unless there is a good cause for termination." This has been interpreted by USCIS as including employment relationships which are subject to no specific ending date but which are contingent upon continuation of grant funding, which the department or PI has a reasonable expectation of receiving.
For labor certification application purposes, the Department of Labor position is that "permanent" means more than one year. USCIS will generally not question a Department of Labor certification for "permanent" employment. Labor certifications are regularly filed successfully for, for example, medical residents whose employment is clearly for a limited duration but expected to be more than one year. On the same basis, a labor certification application can be filed for a post-doc, should the university choose to do so.
Of course, in addition to these employer sponsorship options, the post-doc has the option of self-sponsorship under either the extraordinary ability or national interest waiver category.
As can be seen from the results of the survey, the immigration issues surrounding post-doctoral scholars are complex and varied. It is important for institutions to develop a consistent policy on treatment of post-docs that is consistent for immigration purposes, labor law purposes, benefits purposes, tax purposes and the multitude of internal policy issues that are impacted.


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Home | Asia Pacific
Waste clamp spurs effort on recycling
By JAN YUMUL in Hong Kong | CHINA DAILY | Updated: 2021-01-14 10:27
China's ban on imports forces rethink among countries in region on disposal
With a Chinese ban on imports of solid waste having come in at the start of the year, countries in the region are stepping up their recycling efforts.
Mageswari Sangaralingam, a research officer at the Consumers' Association of Penang in Malaysia, said the Chinese move coincides with new conditions under the Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments also taking effect on Jan 1.
Due to environmental and health considerations, China's ban applies to the dumping, stacking and disposal of solid waste from overseas on Chinese soil. The Chinese decision has galvanized efforts in many countries to reduce their own waste.
Though it is too soon to gauge the impact of China's blanket ban, Sangaralingam said the Malaysian government has revised the conditions on waste imports, including plastics, scrap metal and electronic waste, to address dumping concerns.
"Imports of plastic waste with approved permits are allowed but with strict conditions imposed on importers and exporters," Sangaralingam said.
Malaysia has recorded an increase in plastic waste imports since January 2018. Citing an annual Beach Cleanup Report from October 2020, Sangaralingam said US plastic waste exports to Malaysia have surged to 12 million kilograms, equivalent to 75 shipping containers of twenty-foot equivalent units, or TEU, each day.
A study published by the scientific journal Science Advances last year revealed that the US was the world's top generator of plastic waste and it ranked third when it comes to contributing to plastic waste in the oceans.
The study looked at US plastic waste exports to Asian countries with poor waste management and high levels of plastic pollution in their waters. Vietnam saw a surge to 5.9 million kilograms, equivalent to 37 TEU containers a day.
Sangaralingam said there could be transshipment from the US and other countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to circumvent restrictions.
In neighboring Indonesia, the government plans to return containers of hazardous materials back to the US, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand this year.
Jonathan Co, project head at Sentinel Upcycling Technologies, a manufacturer of upcycled products in the Philippines, said the Chinese ban has "lit a fire" among Filipinos.
"You cannot just export your way out of this problem of plastic waste because before, all of our PET bottles (were) exported to China to make polyester," Co said, adding that the Chinese ban would drive down the prices for the waste.
Aileen Lucero, national coordinator at EcoWaste Coalition, a nonprofit environmental group in the Philippines, hailed the return of the last batch of so-called re-exported containers to South Korea last year.
Policy goals
The return to South Korea of 7,408 tons of illegal plastic waste shipments-amounting to 364 shipping containers-began on Jan 19, 2019. The last batch of 43 containers-or 1,036 tons-was sent back to Pyeongtaek City on Sept 15, 2020.
Lucero said the return of the illegal waste shipments from South Korea emboldened environmental health campaigners to push for two policy goals: ratification by the Philippine government of the Basel Convention Ban Amendment, so that dumping can't resume, and for the government to ban imports of foreign waste.
The Basel Convention, which controls the cross-boundary movement of hazardous waste, was adopted in 1989 in response to a public outcry following the dumping of toxic waste in Africa and other places in the developing world.
The Ban Amendment, which entered into force in December 2019, prohibits the export of hazardous waste from member states of the European Union and the OECD, as well as Liechtenstein.
"Environmental health and justice groups have strongly argued that ratifying the Basel Convention Ban Amendment and imposing a national ban on all waste imports, including electronic, plastic and other hazardous and toxic wastes, are essential to prevent the recurrence of waste dumping and trafficking incidents," said Lucero.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HomeCharactersBarry Allen (The Flash)Review: The Flash 4×21 – "Harry and The Harrisons"
Barry Allen (The Flash)
DC Comics TV Show Reviews
/Jay
/AmunetBarry Allencaitlin snowGrant GustinHarry WellsIris West-AllenKatee Sackhoffkiller frostthe FlashThe Thinker
Review: The Flash 4×21 – "Harry and The Harrisons"
[Editor's Note: This review may contain spoilers]
Director: Kevin Mock
Writers: Judalina Neira and Lauren Certo
Starring: Grant Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanaugh, Jesse L. Martin, Katee Sackhoff, Mark Sweatman
While Harry's condition gets him kicked out of "The Council of Wells," Team Flash are forced to team up with Amunet in an attempt to stop DeVoe.
The one motif that is most prevalent in this week's installment is the overarching need to tackle a problem from a different avenue. This lesson is learned from all three significant parties, and is done so with much-needed subtlety. We'll start with the brain-zapped Harry. Yes, he has taken a hit because of his own hubris, and, to add insult to injury, kicked out of the very council he established. Again Cavanaugh offers new versions of Harrison Wells through fellow rejects from the council. The running gag of them having contempt for Cisco's diminutive size never fails. The point of introducing a council with a different focus – emotion rather than intellect – targets a character flaw in Harry that may be the key to DeVoe's defeat. Where The Thinker has abandoned all emotional attachments – most notably his wife – in the pursuit of his agenda, Harry approaches the threat from what DeVoe took for granted. Wells' social skills are inept, and yet by focusing on the heart rather than the brain gives Team Flash a strategy to neutralize The Thinker. Tom got a laugh out of me with his equation's emoji result resembling DeVoe.
Iris also adopts a different tactic, utilizing the power of the press to spread the word about The Thinker's plan. The writers finally give Iris her mind back and make use of the reporter aspect of her character. While discretion is the way that Team Flash has operated in the past with regards to previous big bads, the need for secrecy has worked against them in the past year. The public has no clue about the threat DeVoe poses, and that has enabled Barry to be arrested and jailed for murder, as well as the villain killing 12 metahumans he created like a farmer harvesting his crops. Iris approaches this article idea from a realistic perspective; this threat could engulf the entire city, and the world with it, so the public has a right to know. Iris has as much faith in the city as Barry, and needs to gently nudge him into giving her the go ahead to involve the public. In the end their faith in Central City is well-placed; this monster's designs have become too serious to ignore or mask from the public. The readers become their eyes and ears without knowing they're assisting The Flash. Barry gets to have his cake and eat it too in this sense.
And finally, we have Caitlin, determined to resurrect her Killer Frost identity. It's appropriate that Joe is the one to counsel her as a father would his daughter. Joe West is a surrogate father to all of those kids at S.T.A.R. Labs, reinforcing the extended family theme without overdoing it. The fierceness in Caitlin's outrage at the midpoint when things go awry is tense yet not overblown. Danielle conveys a restrained exasperation as the alleged means of bringing back the cold part of her is believable. You can also tell via the Cold Gun she's trying different subliminal ways to wake Frosty up. At the end of the day, she learns the answer lies within her to get her back as opposed to a magic bullet. As a person living with anxiety, something I manage via learned mindfulness techniques, I can empathize. All the medication in the world cannot amount in my case to repetition of mental strategies. Caitlin, in turn, learns that it is a matter of the mind as opposed to scientific ingenuity to bring back Frost.
What to do with a problem like Amunet? From that moment she arrived on the scene, I have never taken her seriously. Katee Sackhoff's portrayal of this blonde airhead with a gimmick is a complete waste of her talents. In spite of her relevance to a possible solution to both Caitlin's plight and DeVoe's satellites, Amunet feels shoehorned in. A Maguffin, at best. I suppose what bugs me the most about this woman is that she has very little growth. She is too one-dimensional. She's a flight attendant-turned-human trafficker. Two diametrically opposite careers and skill sets and I highly doubt that this woman was even able to hold down her first job. She's a bargain basement Magneto with a metal-covered fist. In a nutshell, whatever she has to offer the group could have been given within a two-minute scene instead of 45 minutes of her drabble. Her lackey-turned-enemy makes no sense as to his metahuman ability to pop a snake out of his eyeball. Every time she has air time she lowers the quality of an episode. Also, Barry felt like a guest star in this episode. I don't know whether or not it's to get away from the "We are the Flash" with Iris and give the rest of the cast relevance, but I just felt that like could have had a bigger role to play in this episode.
While I applaud the brief Thinker reprieve and seeing Iris be Iris as well as Harry's new direction, I just can't stand that metal-wielding blonde twit. Nuff said.
Tags:AmunetBarry Allencaitlin snowGrant GustinHarry WellsIris West-AllenKatee Sackhoffkiller frostthe FlashThe Thinker
Writer Rob Williams Talks About Upcoming Batman/Deadshot Team-Up
Legion Of Doom Is Coming To Justice League Comic Book
I'm an Ontario-based news writer, as well as graphic illustrator with his own commission business. I've been a comic collector since I was ten and have enjoyed the lore of these larger than life figures ever since. I graduated with an HBA from the University of Toronto in Humanities and have worked for both local and online news outlets.
The Flash Teams Up With Amunet In Latest Trailer
Review: The Flash 4×12 – "Honey, I Shrunk Team Flash"


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Israel eases Covid-19 restrictions after mass vaccination, Middle East News & Top Stories
JERUSALEM (AFP) – Israel inched closer to lifting Covid-19 restrictions on Tuesday (June 1) as its caseload remains tiny following a sweeping nationwide vaccination campaign.
People are no longer required to show vaccination certificates to enter restaurants and entertainment venues, and capacity limits on businesses have been lifted.
Health Minister Yuli Edelstein said his office would discuss ending an indoor mask requirement over the coming two weeks.
"The Israeli economy and public may have some more breathing" space, he said in a statement announcing the changes.
But the country remains largely closed to travellers from abroad, the tourism ministry said, except for first-degree relatives, some experts, as well as vaccinated tourists participating in a pilot programme.
On Tuesday, there were just four new positive cases of the virus, and 350 actively sick people in Israel.
At the peak of the epidemic early this year, Israel saw 10,000 new cases a day and 88,000 active cases.
The changes became possible after Israel obtained millions of doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. More than 90 per cent of people in Israel aged 50 and over have been vaccinated or recovered from the virus.
Children continue to be required to wear masks in school, as under-18s have yet to be vaccinated in large numbers.
Covid-19 cases among Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank have also declined in recent weeks as vaccines from the Covax campaign for poorer countries have been distributed.
Israel has faced criticism for refusing to vaccinate most Palestinians living in the West Bank, or in the Gaza Strip, which is under Israeli blockade. Israeli citizens living in West Bank settlements have been eligible to take part in its vaccination programme.
Israel has said the Palestinian administrations in the West Bank and Gaza are responsible for obtaining vaccines.
In Gaza, the coronavirus response has been hobbled by 11 days of devastating Israeli air strikes last month in retaliation for Hamas rocket fire over tensions in Jerusalem.
The enclave's only laboratory conducting Covid-19 tests was hit in a strike, and two doctors were killed in a bombardment. Tens of thousands of people seeking shelter could not maintain social distancing.
Gaza recorded 246 new cases of the virus on Monday, while the West Bank recorded 56.
Polish trial begins in Huawei-linked China espionage case, Europe News & Top Stories
WHO re-checks research on when coronavirus first surfaced in Italy, Europe News & Top Stories
Mistrial declared in US case of Tennessee scientist accused of hiding China work, United States News & Top Stories
Jun 17, 2021 rahul
Northern Ireland parties agree on new First Minister, staving off fresh crisis, Europe News & Top Stories
Probe into Mexico City metro crash in which 26 people died blames structural failure, World News & Top Stories


Community Health Care that Works for You!
Adult Primary Care Services Primary care services are available to patients of all ages. Emphasis is on health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases, and health maintenance. Patient education is the focus during each visit to empower each patient to be active participants in his/her care and to engage you patients in the care plan process.
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Last week I had the opportunity to present "Data Visualization With Web Standards" to the Data Visualization New York Meetup group. There was a great turnout, and thanks to everyone who attended. I'd like to especially thank Christian Lilley and Paul Trowbridge for organizing the event.
Entire meetup video available here.
My slides are available below. Just press the space bar to advance to the next "slide".
Gun Killing Visualization – Don't hate me for the content – I like the visualization, but want to stay out of the politics of it.
SVG is a declarative XML-based markup language that is used to create vector graphics content, and can be used to create visual content inside of web experiences.
The Business of Bond – visualization of revenue generated by James Bond movies.
Visualizations like interactive maps, or simple charts can be created purely with HTML structures and creative use of CSS styles to control position, visual presentation, etc… You can use CSS positioning to control x/y placement, and percentage-based width/height to display relative values based upon a range of data. For example, the following bar chart/table is created purely using HTML DIV containers with CSS styles.


Get the most extreme and sought-after hard rock or heavy metal sounds with super-thick, tube-like distortion plus endless sustain with the Behringer UM30.
The Behringer UM300 effects pedal gives you the most extreme and sought-after hard rock or heavy metal sounds with super-thick, tube-like distortion plus endless sustain.
Bought as a gift for my husband, and he loves it.
This thing rocks for the price at higher volumes.
At higher volumes the hum and unwanted noise aren't noticeable. At lower volumes even being pushed thru a noise gate and without having to adjust the noise gate so far down that you can barely hear the volume, the hum and unwanted noise is very prevalent. I'm not really crazy about the plastic body but for the price I'm not complaining. It's cool playing around with it. It's not the quality of the higher end pedals but it has its own character. Not sure if its road worthy but I like it for the price.
For 25 bucks I'm not expecting anything amazing, but the plastic housing does feel a little cheap.
So far so good. I wanted something I could keep at work, so inexpensive-ness was a factor.
Not bad. Pretty good value for the money, but if you can afford something better, I'd go for it.
When holding it, it does feel a little light and flimsy, but it seems to hold up well enough.
Personally I don't like the way the distortion sounds. It sounds a little too electric and nasally. However of course I realize that the actual sound of the distortion is subjective; it might be the perfect sound for you, just not for me. But it is pretty impressive that it has a sweepable mid.
Not crazy about the hot pink, but it makes it easy to find in the dark.
I find the knobs to be a little stiff, but once I get them where I want them it plays fine.
It's a Distortion pedal... Action?!?!?!?


2018: The Wang Group Photo of Graduate.
2017: The Wang Group Photo of Graduate.
2016: The Wang Group Photo of Graduate.
2015: The Wang Group Photo of PhD Graduate.
2013: The Wang Group Photo of PhD Graduate.
© 2004-2016 Prof. Zhaohui Wang's Group. All rights reserved.


If the IRS can do it, you can too.
Andrea Schneider, Acting Director of Product Management at the IRS, and Lauren Gilchrist, Director at Pivotal Labs, share how they shifted the IRS from Waterfall to Agile development and reduced time to release from two years to nine weeks.
Before Andrea and Lauren started working together, releasing product updates at the IRS took an average of two years. Meanwhile, customer service costs were becoming a major problem and budgets for product management were shrinking. Andrea knew that in order to build a better product, they needed to incorporate feedback from users more frequently, and iterate quickly.
The IRS is not the only organization that's faced these challenges. Almost every product leader I know wants to move faster and be more customer focused. However, legacy process and culture, legal constraints, and well-intentioned but challenging internal stakeholders often stand in the way.
Andrea and Lauren overcame these hurdles and achieved some incredible results at the IRS. They shifted the IRS from a waterfall process where releases happened every two years to an agile process where releases happen every nine weeks – and they built a successful product that's processed over $445 million in payments in the process.
When you're building software for the IRS it means you need to build something for 240 million American citizens so that they can understand it.
She added that if things don't go to plan, you can face intense scrutiny from the public.
To achieve these results, Andrea and Lauren had to accommodate legal requirements, manage key internal stakeholders and get buy-in from senior executives at the IRS to get started in the first place.
We had to work pretty hard to explain to people that there was a big difference between proving something statistically, and being able to learn, just by talking to five people, whether or not what you were doing was hitting the mark. We invited a lot of people to watch our recorded user interviews, to help make that point, which led to a lot of a-ha moments from the stakeholders' perspective.
Stakeholder management didn't stop once the project got started. Lauren provided transparency throughout the product lifecycle by demoing the product, sending out a status deck each week that included photos of the team in action, and sharing videos of user research sessions. Her status meetings generated so much buzz throughout the IRS that attendance grew from five to over 45 people.
Andrea emphasized the importance of making sure executives feel heard throughout the product lifecycle. Educating stakeholders about how they prioritize ideas and describing how their ideas could eventually be incorporated helped her keep everyone aligned.
If you're trying to change how your team works, you'll learn a lot from Andrea and Lauren.
Eric Feige, General Manager at Magenic and former Vice President of Digital Transformation at Prudential, and Dr. Scott Rigby, CEO of Immersyve, discuss the psychology behind motivating users and how to make the case for a new idea at a large company within a regulated industry.
Katie Guernsey, Product Manager at STRV, shares how to influence key stakeholders with a compelling presentation and align product teams to execute on a vision.
Aaron Eden, Co-Founder and Chief Operating Officer of Moves The Needle, shares how he brought Lean innovation principles to his former company, Intuit, and launched 100 internal startups in 100 days.


Description or summary of the audiobook: The follow up to My Family and Other Animals and the second book in The Corfu Trilogy, the beloved books that inspired ITV's television series The Durrells.Just before the Second World War the Durrell family decamped to the glorious, sun-soaked island of Corfu where the youngest of the four children, ten-year-old Gerald, discovered his passion for animals: toads and tortoises, bats and butterflies, scorpions and octopuses. Through glorious silver-green olive groves and across brilliant-white beaches Gerry pursued his obsession . . . causing hilarity and mayhem in his ever-tolerant family.


Q Commons equips Christians on how to thoughtfully engage our cultural moment. Through immersive learning experiences where no topic is off limits, we leaders are encouraged to think, process and consider our approach on the most difficult cultural conversations they will face. The method of learning is simple: exposure, conversation, and collaboration. Q platforms the best and brightest ideas that are shaping our world and interacts with them. Q is not for passive listeners, but for active leaders hungry to shape the future of culture.
For a third year in a row, the event will be held in the TLB Auditorium of the Winebrenner building, and it will incorporate speakers from our own region here in North West Ohio. Stay tuned for all the coming details!


text:
PayPal Finally Embraces Bitcoin
This integration will allow Braintree customers to accept bitcoin as a payment method.
[Photo: Flickr user Linus Bohman]
By Alice Truong 1 minute Read
For PayPal, it was a question of when. The payments company has long hedged on its stance on bitcoin–just a couple of weeks ago, it told Fast Company: "We do believe that bitcoin will play an important role in payments in the future but we have nothing to announce"–but as the virtual currency soared in valuation and adoption, it became harder to ignore.
On Monday, PayPal finally came to embrace bitcoin, with its subsidiary Braintree integrating the cryptocurrency into its vzero.sdk tool released in July. Braintree is using Coinbase to process bitcoin payments.
"This will be PayPal's first foray into bitcoin," said Braintree CEO Bill Ready, who sold his startup to the payments giant last fall for $800 million. "We think both the One Touch mobile payments that we announced as well as bitcoin will be high interest to merchants."
This update will allow its customers–including Uber, Airbnb, TaskRabbit, and HotelTonight–to easily accept bitcoin as a payment method. Ready, who made the announcement at TechCrunch Disrupt, was unable to name any specific merchants that will take bitcoin.
Based in San Francisco, Alice Truong is Fast Company's West Coast correspondent. She previously reported in Chicago, Washington D.C., New York and most recently Hong Kong, where she (left her heart and) worked as a reporter for the Wall Street Journal


A celebrant is a person who is registered by the Births, Deaths and Marriages (BDM) within the Department of Internal Affairs, to perform Marriage Ceremonies or Civil Union Ceremonies. There are over 7000 throughout NZ. If a person isn't registered, they are not a Marriage or Civil Union celebrant. A celebrant can be checked by going through the Births, Deaths and Marriages website. It's a good idea to choose a celebrant who is a member of the Celebrants Association of New Zealand (CANZ) as well. One of the many benefits of using a celebrant is that they are able to attend your ceremony at any venue, no matter where, when often a minister or preacher will only marry you in their church or chapel. From garden settings to the beach, hotel ballrooms to tops of mountains … your celebrant is likely to be able to fit with your plans, and even possibly have some added suggestions of their own.
When you start making your wedding "to do" list, it's a good idea to put Celebrant right near the top. Choose someone you feel "clicks" with you and your partner, and who you feel a connection with. Getting the right person as part of your wedding day is essential.
There are other celebrants who have learnt their work themselves and have their own style, which also works, and finally some celebrants who do template ceremonies - meaning they insert your names into a standard format. For some couples this is fine. However, remember this is your moment, your day, and should be your own personal ceremony. Take the time to find your celebrant and ask them how they work. You will know very quickly if you have found the right person.
Creating your ceremony incorporates the legal aspects and surrounds it with the "nice to have" bits to make the day special. Friends or family can be involved with readings and different rites (there are numerous ideas that your celebrant can share with you), whilst children can be involved as well, especially with blended family marriages. Don't forget those wonderful grandparents who have seen and shared many a wedding. They could do readings, or hold the rings, or even be the witnesses.
Incorporating elements from different cultures is also a way to let everyone know that the families have joined together as well whilst still honoring their differences. Telling "the story" of the couple near the beginning of the ceremony is also becoming popular. Never assume that all the guests know how you met. There is always something lovely or original to share and draw the guests into your ceremony.
The celebrant can also discuss the timing of applying for the marriage license. Most celebrants will look after the licenses if they are delivered to them prior to the wedding day. On the day, the bride can concentrate on looking beautiful and the groom will know that the license is already in hand with their celebrant. That brings me to price. Don't choose your celebrant on price alone. It's worth paying more for a celebrant who you can work with. If the celebrant doesn't have the personality to help create your ceremony and then deliver those words with you - it's not a good start to your day - no matter how beautiful your dress or venue is. Together you are creating a day, an event and a precious memory for you; your partner and all your family and friends.
There is so much more a celebrant does - this is just the icing on the wedding cake really. No matter what, remember this is your day. Make it yours by working with a celebrant who can give you ideas but will also listen to you and your partner and together create the ceremony that will become a wonderful part of your memories together.


Here at Kistler Ford, we use genuine OEM Ford parts every time. Whether you're a DIY auto enthusiast or simply need a car battery replacement or new tires, you can count on our Parts Department. We want to share all our parts tips and tricks with you so you can better understand your Ford! We'll walk you through the cost of a transmission, help you find the right tires for your vehicle, and much more. If you have any specific questions about Ford parts and accessories, feel free to reach out to our Toledo Parts Department!


text:
Loading a Caravan Safely
by Collyn Rivers | Apr 22, 2020 | Articles, Caravan/Tow Vehicle Behaviour & Suspension, CBRV, Roll, Travel
by Collyn Rivers
Knowing how to locate mass correctly along the length of a caravan is vital. That applies both to its design and the owner's loading. This article shows the safe approach to loading a caravan – and why and how it matter doing so is vitally important.
The caravan see-saw
As with a see-saw, two children of the same weight sitting at equal distances from its pivot balance each other. Likewise an adult sitting nearer the middle on one side can balance the far lower mass of a child at the far end of the other side.
Children on a see-saw. Pic: courtesy Getty Images.
A centre-axled caravan behaves like this too. Where you locate stuff along its length has the same effect: its distance from the axle/s increases its 'effective weight'.
The effect of locating a 20 kg (44 lb) item at various distances from the axle/s of a caravan.
Locating a (say) 20 kg (44 lb) tool box directly over a caravan's axle will have no effect on that caravan pitching or swaying. But if that tool box is half-way toward the back of the caravan (and that caravan then pitches or sways) – because it is further away from the axle/s that 20 kg (44 lb) tool box exerts a force as if it weighed 40 kg (88 lb). If that tool box was on a 10 kg (22 lb) external rack at the rear of the caravan, it acts as if weighs around 80 kg (175 lb) and the rack an effective 40 kg (88 lb). Loading a caravan safely requires doing the above.
Each spare wheel carried on the rear of a caravan has the same effect. A tool box and rack thus acts as if were four times heavier at the back of a 7 metre caravan than in the middle. It not only exerts additional force when the trailer pitches and yaws (sways): it induces that pitching and swaying.
The effect is similar at the front. The down and side forces on the tow vehicle cause that vehicle to pitch – and yaw sideways. That side force literally steers the tow vehicle by distorting its rear tyres.
Weight placement
There is a common and very dangerous belief held by many caravan owners (and even a few caravan makers) that it is fine to have a heavy load at the rear as long as it is balanced by a similar load at the front. That is virtually a recipe for jack-knifing. The rig will seem ultra-stable much of the time, but if sway sets in at speed it may be impossible to stop it. The sway is likely to escalate and the rig to jack-knife. This is not an 'opinion. It is basic Newtonian physics.
Loading a caravan safely – summary
Never have heavy items, particularly tool boxes, spare wheels and full jerry-cans, at the very front or rear of a caravan.
Always load the tow vehicle to its maximum legally permitted weight. Keep the caravan's loading as light as possible – and as close to the caravan's axle/s as possible.
A caravan needs to be about 10% nose heavy, but do that by locating heavy stuff slightly ahead of the centre-line of the axle/s – not like a weight lifters barbell (that has all virtually all of the weight at the ends). This is why RV Book's articles and publications so strongly condemn locating heavy spare wheels etc at the extreme rear of long caravans.
Be aware that a few long and heavy caravans are being made with all water tanks ahead of the axle/s. With these the critical tow ball mass will vary (and potentially dangerous if water is drawn). They appear to rely on the tanks being full whilst towing. Some have since been recalled and modified.
For a truly thorough plain English explanation of all this (and how to assess the stability of your own caravan) do see our book 'Why Caravans Roll– and how to prevent it'.
Why Caravans Roll Over
and how to prevent it
Explains in detail every aspect of tow vehicle and caravan stability. This is what you need to know to be safe on or off the road.
Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Why Caravans Roll Over. Just ask.


text:
Fillmore – jednostka osadnicza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Nowy Jork, w hrabstwie Allegany.

CDP w stanie Nowy Jork

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Whether or not you're a teacher or a specialist in a specific language, drum, math or additional discipline, finding legitimate on-line tutoring jobs could be frustrating if you don't conduct a small research first. When searching for these sorts of jobs, there are various resources which includes online classifieds, tutoring assistance websites, supermarket bulletin print and boards papers that you could turn to when searching for work. But how can you distinguish genuine work from a rip-off?
The first step against finding legitimate are a tutor is to analyze all leads. Exploring those who were described you, advertisements posted by people or services and the ones who get in touch with you via advertisements you post might help secure you from getting scammed. Finding out who you'll be working for is essential if you want to provide the best services possible and avoid any unnecessary hassles.
Visiting tutoring support websites and conducting a business search using tools provided by the Better Business Bureau.
If a tutoring support requires you invest some of your own money, you should ask why. Don't invest in these services as they are probably scams. Tutoring services, like any other support, need employees in order to stay in business and should be paying you, not the other way around.
Among the best methods to don't be scammed is to begin your own tutoring business. Because of the web, you can advertise your providers in on the web classifieds, community community forums, university campuses and other areas you are feeling most people shall find your advertisement.
Setting prices, maximum distance you're ready to travel, just how often you intend to end up being paid and just how many periods you will offer you each month can make it much simpler for individuals to decide if indeed they really want to make use of your providers. By setting a set, hourly price, you can weed out those most people who are thinking about tutoring, but who are unwilling to commit to paying you on a regular basis.
You may also want to create a contract outlining your rates and other details about the services you'll be providing. This will ensure that everyone involved understands what is expected. Depending on your area of expertise, there might be many opportunities that you should find steady work.
Before accepting any tutoring position, schedule a meeting so you can go over the operating job requirements, rates and other important info. During this meeting, take the proper period to ask your very own questions. Counting on your instincts will help you determine which tutoring possibilities are worth seeking and which types to leave from.
The more info you have in regards to a tutoring assignment or tutoring service, the better you will be when accepting an assignment. When you look for a tutoring opportunity online even, scheduling a face-to-face conference may be the best way to choose if the working work is right for you personally.


At Dumpster Centre, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Hamlin, WV, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
In your home remodelling or construction projects, you see huge waste products that has to always be dumped to maintain your job spot free from the trash. The trash produced by your home remodelling will cause numerous adverse effects impacting on the eco-system leading to pollution within the environment also. Self disposal of home remodeling trash will probably put you to difficulties like time consumption, physical stress and budgets. You need some specialist to handle the job hassle free.
Uncontrollable hoarding is characterized by the inability or unwillingness to remove rubbish from the household, even if the items being maintained have no importance, are unsanitary, or basically impede about the sufferer's potential to perform every day tasks. Societal interactions, specialist aspirations, mobility around the house, and in many cases daily with the washing and also cooking can be made difficult or maybe impossible by the excessive amounts of hoarded junk. Defeating this condition demands medical intervention and counseling, as well as meaning support coming from family members along with other loved ones. Before those measures can be entirely realized, nonetheless, it is important to very first ensure that the dining area in question is entirely cleared of superfluous garbage, specially any products which may be directly threatening individual safety or maybe posing a life threatening risk to the home and property. In order to take this vital step, hoarders might need the help of an experienced junk transporting business.
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If you select a Portable Dumpster in Hamlin, WV business, service alternatives vary so sift through these individuals and work out the best choice for you.
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If you have ever considered old wall picture off you know it is a mess and a massive chore. Aged wallpaper portions that are challenging to get off due to the stick that was utilised when the wall picture was installed. Sometimes construction crews as well as painters make use of a machine to find the wallpaper off walls. This is much quicker and not as much be tearing them back by hand. In the end you have big pieces in addition to small waste wallpaper everywhere over the kitchen flooring. The person taking care of the surfaces can simply grab the garbage in addition to throw the idea into a hired dumpster so he or she can quickly find back to work. You desire to make the job reasonably easy since labour is very high-priced. The longer the labor requires, the higher the bill will likely be.
For the cases when standard trash pickup merely won't cut it, consider . Using this type of option, you are going to benefit from the relieve and capability of at-home garbage collection, but you can eliminate large objects and large volumes of trash without difficulty.
Whether or not your garage area is packed with old furniture and gathered rubbish as well as you're looking for help with construction trash or estate cleanups, collecting and carrying off that will junk could be a big work. But you do not have to go it alone! There are various different remedies available to support garbage removal small and big.
Dumpsters are big trash containers that are utilised to dispose enormous tons of trash on completing major assignments. Containers commonly arrive in two different types, rotate off dumpster in addition to trash dumpster.
As it pertains to removing trash from your residence, you have two options: engage a junk carrying company as well as opt for Portable Dumpster in Hamlin. Dependant upon your particular specifications, either of the two expert services can present you with the trash elimination assistance you will need to get your household cleaned up right away at all! Do you own a modern household that was inbuilt the 80s? If so, you could think it is time to get more modern household. After all, since the eighties "modern" made a great progress way.
Compelling hoarding is characterized by the inability or unwillingness to remove trash from the household, even if the objects being held have no benefit, are unsanitary, or truly impede around the sufferer's power to perform day-to-day tasks. Cultural interactions, expert aspirations, mobility around the house, and also daily development of the child washing in addition to cooking can be made difficult as well as impossible by the excessive amounts of hoarded junk. Defeating this condition demands medical treatment and therapy, as well as moral support by family members along with loved ones. Before those measures can be totally realized, even so, it is important to initially ensure that the living space in question is very cleared of the superfluous garbage, specifically any goods that may be straight threatening particular safety as well as posing a life threatening risk to the property. In order to take this crucial step, hoarders might need the help of an established junk carrying business.
Many dumpsters, which allow regarding mixed materials use, will not be allowed in every states. Recycling where possible reusable supplies has become an art. Who would have got thought that a Portable Dumpster in Hamlin would make pretty much everything so much easier? Whenever you pick a Portable Dumpster in Hamlin company, service selections vary, so sift through these and figure out the best site for you. Let just one company do all of the "legwork" and offer you probably the most streamlined solution and best deal there is.
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Something persons often forget about to think about is getting a allow. While doing Portable Dumpster in Hamlin, WV and having the item placed on your very own property is the one thing, if you plan to place it on the street, you'll need a allow. Check with the local government and see what you must do to get such a permit. Apparent all of this before you start the renting course of action. Some companies will refuse to put your receptacle at work unless you can reveal that you have the suitable paperwork in order.
Improper handling of these big tons of rubbish onto garbage dump leaves the purchaser with traumas. The customer staying unaware of the actual tonnage limits, overloads the actual container with all the intention of clearing the trash with one proceed. The customer will be dragged to a dangerous situation if it is not handled properly. A medical facility charges paid to cure this kind of injuries will be double the amount of your savings. Eventually the person find yourself spending big sum of money along with the suffering sustained due to traumas.
You can also rent some sort of dumpster that is medium sized. The medium sized dumpster should withstand three a ton of debris or even about a few pickup truck tons.
Untidy places surrounding your own hotel will offer a negative effect to site visitors. You cannot have even the trash beers at your gate waiting for the actual pickup through municipal authorities of the condition. Relying on these people for getting rid of your rubbish would postpone the task for certain because they arrive according to their particular schedules and possess limits around the tonnage of the rubbish disposed at intervals of interval.
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Gun cases provide physical protection for firearms and in most cases can be locked. They offer a safe way to store and transport firearms without causing any physical damage. Gun cases are either made of soft materials such as leather and nylon while hard cases are usually made of wood, hard plastic, or metal. Gun manufacturers will use gun cases to ship new firearms from the factory, especially highly valuable firearms. In addition to housing a firearm gun cases will also provide storage for magazines, ammo, and accessories. Airlines require all firearms to be stored in a locked hard gun cases during transit. Interstate Arms is your leading wholesale distributor of custom firearms and accessories, including a wide array of gun cases.


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Q: A different approach to $\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\cong(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast$ As it is well-known we have $\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\cong(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast$. An approach often taken by textbooks is to first establish the irreducibility and degree of the cyclotomic polynomials $\Phi_n$, then using this fact in order to obtain the isomorphism. This usually goes along the lines of defining an embedding
$$
\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\to(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast,\,(\zeta_n\mapsto\zeta_n^c)\mapsto\overline c
$$
combined with $|\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)|=\deg(\Phi_n)=\varphi(n)$.
This approach strikes me as... impractical? Below I present a different ansatz which I find much simpler but which for some reason textbooks seem to avoid entirely.

Show that $\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\cong(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast$.

Proof. Since $K=\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)$ is a simple extension, the action of any $\mathbb Q$-automorphism is completely determined by its action on $\zeta_n$. Let $\sigma$ be such a $\mathbb Q$-automorphism of $K$. As
$$
\operatorname{ord}(\sigma(\zeta_n))=\operatorname{ord}(\zeta_n)=n
$$
all conjugates have to be primitive $n$-th roots of unity.
We claim that $\zeta_n^c$ is a primitive $n$-th root of unity iff $(c,n)=1$. Indeed, if $(c,n)=d>1$ then we find $k,k'$ such that $c=dk$ and $n=dk'$, hence
$$
(\zeta_n^c)^{k'}=(\zeta_n^n)^k=1
$$
with $k'<n$. Conversely, if $o=\operatorname{ord}(\zeta_n^c)\le n$ we have
$$
(\zeta_n^c)^o=\zeta_n^{co}=1
$$
implying that $n\mid co$. However, since $(c,n)=1$ we deduce that $n\mid o$ and therefore $o=n$ as desired.
This leaves us with at most $\varphi(n)$ possible $\mathbb Q$-automorphism, as they have to map $\zeta_n$ to $\zeta_n^c$ for $(c,n)=1$, and any such choice yields a different $\mathbb Q$-automorphism. Hence $|\operatorname{Gal}(K/\mathbb Q)|=\varphi(n)$. Now the natural embedding
$$
\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\to(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast,\,(\zeta_n\mapsto\zeta_n^c)\mapsto\overline c
$$
yields the result. $\square$

I see two potential problems with this proof:

*

*It requires some rudimentary knowledge on elemetary number theory. The arguments to establish that $\zeta_n^c$ for $(c,n)=1$ are the primitive $n$-th roots of unity are based on some non-algebraic knowledge. I see how this could discourage their usage when there are purely algebraic proofs avaiable (which even are applications of earlier presented material on rings/fields).

*Taking powers and, especially, interchanging powers of complex numbers is a problematic thing. Frankly speaking, I am note completely sure if what I have done is correct or relies on a wrong principle (I know that $(a^b)^c\ne a^{bc}$ in general for $a,b,c\in\mathbb C$; not sure if this matters here)

Does someone have some insight regarding this matter? Is my proof correct? or at least savable without too drastic changes?

Thanks in advance!

Note: Once it is established that $\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbb Q(\zeta_n)/\mathbb Q)\cong(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^\ast$ we get the irreducibility of the cyclotomic polynomials for free by simple degree considerations.

A: There is a problem with this proof as written. Say that $(m,n) = 1$, and that $\zeta$ is a primitive $n$th root of unity. It is certainly also the case that $\zeta^m$ is a primitive $n$th root of unity. But why does that mean there is an automorphism sending $\zeta \rightarrow \zeta^m$? That is, the condition that $(m,n)=1$ is certainly necessary but not (obviously) sufficient. (So the problematic part is "and any such choice yields a ... $\mathbf{Q}$-automorphism".) To prove this you need to show that $\zeta^m$ is conjugate to $\zeta$ for $(m,n) = 1$, which is (more or less) equivalent to showing that $\Phi_n(X)$ is an irreducible polynomial.
In otherwords, your argument as written shows that there is an injection from the Galois group to $(\mathbf{Z}/n \mathbf{Z})^{\times}$. It actually shows that if $F$ is any field (let's say of characteristic prime to $n$) that there is an injection
$$\mathrm{Gal}(F(\zeta_n)/F) \rightarrow (\mathbf{Z}/n \mathbf{Z})^{\times}.$$
But that certainly won't be surjective for all $F$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Chicago's 2012 Michelin Guide officially dropped today, leaving Alinea's Grant Achatz as the city's sole chef to hold a coveted three stars. While Achatz prepares mind-bogglingly creative tasting menus at his flagship, he is like his mentor Thomas Keller when it comes to comfort food. Achatz especially loves roast chicken, and Food & Wine has his recipe: In addition to rubbing a garlicky herb butter under the skin, he stuffs his roast chicken with more garlic, herbs and lemon.


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3M (MMM) Gains But Lags Market: What You Should Know
In the latest trading session, 3M (MMM - Free Report) closed at $180.92, marking a +0.25% move from the previous day. This move lagged the S&P 500's daily gain of 0.7%. Meanwhile, the Dow gained 0.29%, and the Nasdaq, a tech-heavy index, added 1.04%.
Heading into today, shares of the maker of Post-it notes, industrial coatings and ceramics had gained 7.07% over the past month, outpacing the Conglomerates sector's gain of 5.17% and the S&P 500's gain of 4.38% in that time.
Wall Street will be looking for positivity from MMM as it approaches its next earnings report date. The company is expected to report EPS of $2.10, down 9.09% from the prior-year quarter. Meanwhile, the Zacks Consensus Estimate for revenue is projecting net sales of $8.12 billion, up 2.25% from the year-ago period.
It is also important to note the recent changes to analyst estimates for MMM. These recent revisions tend to reflect the evolving nature of short-term business trends. As a result, we can interpret positive estimate revisions as a good sign for the company's business outlook.
Research indicates that these estimate revisions are directly correlated with near-term share price momentum. To benefit from this, we have developed the Zacks Rank, a proprietary model which takes these estimate changes into account and provides an actionable rating system.
The Zacks Rank system, which ranges from #1 (Strong Buy) to #5 (Strong Sell), has an impressive outside-audited track record of outperformance, with #1 stocks generating an average annual return of +25% since 1988. Over the past month, the Zacks Consensus EPS estimate has moved 0.39% higher. MMM currently has a Zacks Rank of #3 (Hold).
Valuation is also important, so investors should note that MMM has a Forward P/E ratio of 18.71 right now. Its industry sports an average Forward P/E of 16.56, so we one might conclude that MMM is trading at a premium comparatively.
We can also see that MMM currently has a PEG ratio of 1.97. This popular metric is similar to the widely-known P/E ratio, with the difference being that the PEG ratio also takes into account the company's expected earnings growth rate. The Diversified Operations industry currently had an average PEG ratio of 2.02 as of yesterday's close.
The Diversified Operations industry is part of the Conglomerates sector. This group has a Zacks Industry Rank of 213, putting it in the bottom 17% of all 250+ industries.
The Zacks Industry Rank includes is listed in order from best to worst in terms of the average Zacks Rank of the individual companies within each of these sectors. Our research shows that the top 50% rated industries outperform the bottom half by a factor of 2 to 1.
You can find more information on all of these metrics, and much more, on Zacks.com.
3M Company (MMM) - free report >>
daily-movers popular-stocks stocks-moving-today trending-companies trending-stocks trending-tickers
Vertex Pharmaceuticals (VRTX) Stock Sinks As Market Gains: What You Should Know


Alexandre Lacazette hailed the "perfect" send-off for Arsene Wenger as the boss waved goodbye to the fans in his final home match following 22 remarkable years at the helm.
A Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang brace, together with Lacazette, Alex Iwobi and Sead Kolasinac strikes, fired us to a memorable 5-0 triumph against Burnley at a sun-kissed Emirates Stadium on Sunday.
The France international has been in inspired form recently, involved directly in nine goals (eight goals and one assist) in his last nine games.
The 26-year-old was delighted to get on the scoresheet on such a landmark occasion and believes he and fellow striker Aubameyang can combine with devastating effect next season.
"Since I've been back I've been feeling and been playing well," said Lacazette.
It was an emotional afternoon in north London. Not only were our fans bidding farewell to Wenger, but it was also club captain Per Mertesacker's final home game for the club.
"He [Wenger] was no different, very professional as ever. But we are also very happy for Per, it's great he got to play today and with that reception too. So, everything was perfect for the team and club today," said Lacazette.


The FT's Andrew Ward explores how the worlds of biology and robotics are coming together, and how bionics is now being applied in healthcare. He talks to a scientist from King's College London and representatives from two companies specialising in the area.
Produced by Andrew Ward. Filming by Lee Durrant. Directed, edited and additional filming by Josh de la Mare.


Apartamentos Los Angeles are situated in Ibiza's San Antonio, just 300 metres from the famous Café Mambo sunset bar. Each bright apartment has a private balcony, many with sea views. The Los Angeles Apartments are within 100 metres of San Antonio Harbour, and a 10-minute walk from the beach. The surrounding streets are full of shops, restaurants and lively bars and nightclubs. Each Los Angeles apartment has simple, functional décor and tiled floors. All apartments have a spacious living-dining area with a sofa bed and microwave. Safes are available to rent.
Please inform Apartamentos Los Angeles in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.


text:
Ampersand Referencing Guide
Citationsy › Style Guides › Ampersand
How to do citations in Ampersand style?
This is the Citationsy guide to Ampersand citations, reference lists, in-text citations, and bibliographies.
The complete, comprehensive guide shows you how easy citing any source can be. Referencing books, youtube videos, websites, articles, journals, podcasts, images, videos, or music in Ampersand.
How do you cite a book in the Ampersand referencing style? (2023 Guide)
Books are written works or compositions that have been published, many of which might be in digital version. Here's how to cite a book in Ampersand
Here's an example book citation in Ampersand using placeholders:
F.N. Last Name, Title, Edition, Publisher, City, 2000.
Ampersand citation:
M. Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1st ed., Random House, New York, 1969.
And an in-text citation book citation in Ampersand looks like this: [1]
Automate citations and referencing in Ampersand with our tool, Citationsy.
How to reference a journal article in the Ampersand citation style?
How do you cite scientific papers in Ampersand format?
A journal is a scholarly article that presents research from experts in a certain field. Here's how to cite a paper in Ampersand
Here's a Ampersand journal citation example using placeholders:
Author1 LastnameA.F., Author3 LastnameA.F., Title, Container. Volume (2000) pages Used. https://doi.org/DOI.
So if we want to reference this scientific article: "Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?" by C. Petit and J.M. Sieffermann in Ampersand:
C. Petit, J. Sieffermann, Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?, 18 (2007) 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2006.05.008.
Automate citations and referencing in Ampersand with Citationsy. Get started for free
How to cite a website in a paper in Ampersand style?
The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), webpage title, website title, institution/publisher, publication date, and DOI or URL. Here's how to cite it properly in Ampersand
Here's an Ampersand example website reference:
Author1 LastnameA.F., Author2 LastnameA.F., Title, (2000). https://www.example.com (accessed February 2, 2023).
M. Tran, Barack Obama To Be America's First Black President, (2008). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/uselections20083 (accessed February 2, 2023).
Citing websites and links in Ampersand is much easier with the Citationsy Chrome Extension →
Cite Ampersand with Citationsy. Get started for free
How to cite a YouTube video Ampersand in 2023
If you've previously cited a video from a website in Ampersand, then the process for citing a video from YouTube is basically the same. Here's how to do it
Here's a Ampersand citation YouTube video example:
ChannelName, Title, YouTube. (2000). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXXXXX (accessed February 2, 2023).
So how to cite a video Ampersand?
Pixar, Pizza Clip — Inside Out, YouTube. (2015). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W6rntBADUQ (accessed February 2, 2023).
How to cite a podcast using Ampersand referencing style
As the world goes digital, so does the way we learn. Podcasts have become an increasingly common source of knowledge. Here's how to cite a podcast episode in Ampersand
Here's how to reference a podcast it in Ampersand.
F. Lastname, Title, (2000). http://www.example.com (accessed February 2, 2023).
Podcast referencing example in Ampersand using "This American Life" episode 640:
This American Life, 640: Five Women, (2018). https://thisamericanlife.org/640/five-women (accessed February 2, 2023).
Cite podcasts in Ampersand with Citationsy, a referencing app used by over 400 000 students.
How to cite a piece of music or a song using Ampersand referencing style?
Citing a song or album accessed through an online streaming service in Ampersand is pretty straight forward, this is all you need:
An example song citation in Ampersand.
F. Lastname, Song Title, 2000. http://www.example.com (accessed February 2, 2023).
Let's say we want to reference "Here Comes the Sun" off The Beatles "Abbey Road" album in Ampersand:
The Beatles, Here Comes the Sun, 1969. https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/here-comes-the-sun/401186200?i=401187150 (accessed February 2, 2023).
You can automate citing and referencing any source in Ampersand using Citationsy.
Cite sources using the Ampersand Citation Machine
Cite Ampersand with Citationsy, a referencing app used by over 400 000 students. Get started for free


text:
Q: Is there anyway to check if my app calls any method exclusive for iOS 8? After testing my app in a iOS 7 device, I got a crash calling containsString from NSString, and then I realised that that methods has NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
Is there anyway to check automatically my program to see if there is any other method that is not available in iOS 7?
How is possible to compile and app with deployment target of 7.0 and not saying any warning or error in these cases?
-[__NSCFString containsString:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1702297c0
2015-10-23 12:03:37.655 WA[1434:60b] * Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[__NSCFString containsString:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1702297c0'
* First throw call stack:
(0x183bd2f50 0x1900dc1fc 0x183bd7c04 0x183bd5930 0x183af55dc 0x1002a2c08 0x1000c71dc 0x1000caa88 0x1000c69bc 0x1000f3a4c 0x186c1055c 0x186c0ff08 0x186c099ec 0x186b9d8cc 0x186b9cad0 0x186c09044 0x1897bb504 0x1897bb030 0x183b92e90 0x183b92df0 0x183b91014 0x183ad1c20 0x186c081c8 0x186c02fdc 0x1000b6040 0x1906cfaa0)
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException

A: You should use rangeOfString instead of containsString. Since rangeOfString available from iOS 2.0, you will not get crash on this.
Code snippets,
NSString *string = @"https://www.google.co.in/";
NSString *substring = @"http";
if ([oneContent rangeOfString:subString].location == NSNotFound) {
   NSLog(@"string does not contain substring");
} else {
   NSLog(@"string contains substring!");
}

Otherwise you can add category class for NSString and have a method like containsString: where you can implement the above code. It'll work dynamically.


text:
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE sconsdoc [
    <!ENTITY % scons SYSTEM "../scons.mod">
    %scons;

    <!ENTITY % builders-mod SYSTEM "../generated/builders.mod">
    %builders-mod;
    <!ENTITY % functions-mod SYSTEM "../generated/functions.mod">
    %functions-mod;
    <!ENTITY % tools-mod SYSTEM "../generated/tools.mod">
    %tools-mod;
    <!ENTITY % variables-mod SYSTEM "../generated/variables.mod">
    %variables-mod;
]>

<chapter id="chap-libraries"
         xmlns="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0 http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0/scons.xsd">
<title>Building and Linking with Libraries</title>

  <para>

  It's often useful to organize large software projects
  by collecting parts of the software into one or more libraries.
  &SCons; makes it easy to create libraries
  and to use them in the programs.

  </para>

  <title>Building Libraries</title>

    <para>

    You build your own libraries by specifying &b-link-Library;
    instead of &b-link-Program;:

    </para>

    <scons_example name="libraries_ex1" printme="1">
      <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Library('foo', ['f1.c', 'f2.c', 'f3.c'])
      </file>
      <file name="f1.c">
void f1() { printf("f1.c\n"); }
      </file>
      <file name="f2.c">
void f2() { printf("f2.c\n"); }
      </file>
      <file name="f3.c">
void f3() { printf("f3.c\n"); }
      </file>
    </scons_example>

    <para>

    &SCons; uses the appropriate library prefix and suffix for your system.
    So on POSIX or Linux systems,
    the above example would build as follows
    (although &ranlib; may not be called on all systems):

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex1" os="posix" suffix="1">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    On a Windows system,
    a build of the above example would look like:

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex1" os="win32" suffix="2">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    The rules for the target name of the library
    are similar to those for programs:
    if you don't explicitly specify a target library name,
    &SCons; will deduce one from the
    name of the first source file specified,
    and &SCons; will add an appropriate
    file prefix and suffix if you leave them off.

    </para>

    <title>Building Libraries From Source Code or Object Files</title>

      <para>

      The previous example shows building a library from a
      list of source files.
      You can, however, also give the &b-link-Library; call
      object files,
      and it will correctly realize they are object files.
      In fact, you can arbitrarily mix source code files
      and object files in the source list:

      </para>

      <scons_example name="libraries_objects" printme="1">
        <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Library('foo', ['f1.c', 'f2.o', 'f3.c', 'f4.o'])
        </file>
        <file name="f1.c">
void f1() { printf("f1.c\n"); }
        </file>
        <file name="f2.o">
object file
        </file>
        <file name="f3.c">
void f3() { printf("f3.c\n"); }
        </file>
        <file name="f4.o">
object file
        </file>
      </scons_example>

      <para>

      And SCons realizes that only the source code files
      must be compiled into object files
      before creating the final library:

      </para>

      <scons_output example="libraries_objects" os="posix" suffix="1">
        <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
      </scons_output>

      <para>

      Of course, in this example, the object files
      must already exist for the build to succeed.
      See <xref linkend="chap-nodes"></xref>, below,
      for information about how you can
      build object files explicitly
      and include the built files in a library.

      </para>

    <title>Building Static Libraries Explicitly:  the &b-StaticLibrary; Builder</title>

      <para>

      The &b-link-Library; function builds a traditional static library.
      If you want to be explicit about the type of library being built,
      you can use the synonym &b-link-StaticLibrary; function
      instead of &b-Library;:

      </para>

      <scons_example name="libraries_StaticLibrary" printme="1">
        <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
StaticLibrary('foo', ['f1.c', 'f2.c', 'f3.c'])
        </file>
      </scons_example>

      <para>

      There is no functional difference between the
      &b-link-StaticLibrary; and &b-Library; functions.

      </para>

    <title>Building Shared (DLL) Libraries:  the &b-SharedLibrary; Builder</title>

      <para>

      If you want to build a shared library (on POSIX systems)
      or a DLL file (on Windows systems),
      you use the &b-link-SharedLibrary; function:

      </para>

      <scons_example name="libraries_SharedLibrary" printme="1">
        <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
SharedLibrary('foo', ['f1.c', 'f2.c', 'f3.c'])
        </file>
        <file name="f1.c">
void f1() { printf("f1.c\n"); }
        </file>
        <file name="f2.c">
void f2() { printf("f2.c\n"); }
        </file>
        <file name="f3.c">
void f3() { printf("f3.c\n"); }
        </file>
      </scons_example>

      <para>

      The output on POSIX:

      </para>

      <scons_output example="libraries_SharedLibrary" os="posix" suffix="1">
        <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
      </scons_output>

      <para>

      And the output on Windows:

      </para>

      <scons_output example="libraries_SharedLibrary" os="win32" suffix="2">
        <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
      </scons_output>

      <para>

      Notice again that &SCons; takes care of
      building the output file correctly,
      adding the <literal>-shared</literal> option
      for a POSIX compilation,
      and the <literal>/dll</literal> option on Windows.

      </para>

  <title>Linking with Libraries</title>

    <para>

    Usually, you build a library
    because you want to link it with one or more programs.
    You link libraries with a program by specifying
    the libraries in the &cv-link-LIBS; construction variable,
    and by specifying the directory in which
    the library will be found in the
    &cv-link-LIBPATH; construction variable:

    </para>

    <scons_example name="libraries_ex2">
      <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Library('foo', ['f1.c', 'f2.c', 'f3.c'])
Program('prog.c', LIBS=['foo', 'bar'], LIBPATH='.')
      </file>
      <file name="f1.c">
int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }
      </file>
      <file name="f2.c">
int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }
      </file>
      <file name="f3.c">
int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }
      </file>
      <file name="prog.c">
int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }
      </file>
    </scons_example>

    <para>

    Notice, of course, that you don't need to specify a library
    prefix (like <literal>lib</literal>)
    or suffix (like <literal>.a</literal> or <literal>.lib</literal>).
    &SCons; uses the correct prefix or suffix for the current system.

    </para>

    <para>

    On a POSIX or Linux system,
    a build of the above example would look like:

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex2" os="posix" suffix="1">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    On a Windows system,
    a build of the above example would look like:

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex2" os="win32" suffix="2">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    As usual, notice that &SCons; has taken care
    of constructing the correct command lines
    to link with the specified library on each system.

    </para>

    <para>

    Note also that,
    if you only have a single library to link with,
    you can specify the library name in single string,
    instead of a Python list,
    so that:

    </para>

    <sconstruct>
Program('prog.c', LIBS='foo', LIBPATH='.')
    </sconstruct>

    <para>

    is equivalent to:

    </para>

    <sconstruct>
Program('prog.c', LIBS=['foo'], LIBPATH='.')
    </sconstruct>

    <para>

    This is similar to the way that &SCons;
    handles either a string or a list to
    specify a single source file.

    </para>

  <title>Finding Libraries:  the &cv-LIBPATH; Construction Variable</title>

    <para>

    By default, the linker will only look in
    certain system-defined directories for libraries.
    &SCons; knows how to look for libraries
    in directories that you specify with the
    &cv-link-LIBPATH; construction variable.
    &cv-LIBPATH; consists of a list of
    directory names, like so:

    </para>

    <scons_example name="libraries_ex3">
      <file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Program('prog.c', LIBS = 'm',
                  LIBPATH = ['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])
      </file>
      <file name="prog.c">
int main() { printf("prog.c\n"); }
      </file>
    </scons_example>

    <para>

    Using a Python list is preferred because it's portable
    across systems.  Alternatively, you could put all of
    the directory names in a single string, separated by the
    system-specific path separator character:
    a colon on POSIX systems:

    </para>

    <sconstruct>
LIBPATH = '/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib'
    </sconstruct>

    <para>

    or a semi-colon on Windows systems:

    </para>

    <sconstruct>
LIBPATH = 'C:\\lib;D:\\lib'
    </sconstruct>

    <para>

    (Note that Python requires that the backslash
    separators in a Windows path name
    be escaped within strings.)

    </para>

    <para>

    When the linker is executed,
    &SCons; will create appropriate flags
    so that the linker will look for
    libraries in the same directories as &SCons;.
    So on a POSIX or Linux system,
    a build of the above example would look like:

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex3" os="posix" suffix="1">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    On a Windows system,
    a build of the above example would look like:

    </para>

    <scons_output example="libraries_ex3" os="win32" suffix="2">
      <scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
    </scons_output>

    <para>

    Note again that &SCons; has taken care of
    the system-specific details of creating
    the right command-line options.

    </para>

</chapter>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You may have already seen that on Friday, June 22nd, the Administration for Children and Families released a request for public comment regarding the implementation of the Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA). Specifically, ACF is requesting feedback regarding the selection process for programs and services to include in the FFPSA-mandated Clearinghouse of evidence-based practices that will be eligible for Title IV-E funding under the prevention provision of the law.
Because we have members who provide services to children and families across the continuum of care, we are creating our response as an organization, and we want your input! We look forward to partnering with you to craft a collaborative response that supports access to a robust array of ACF-approved, evidence-based services to meet individual child and family needs.
Please join our webinar on July 11th at 2pm CST. We will give a FFSPA update and discuss our ACF response. You may send your thoughts to ACRC through an email before the webinar or during the webinar using WebEx system.
This webinar opportunity is for ACRC members only. Thank you for your understanding.
"HHS is developing initial criteria that will be used to designate programs and services as promising, supported, and well-supported practices. HHS will also identify a preliminary list of candidate services and programs that will be considered for systematic review.
(f) rating programs and services as promising, supported, and well-supported practices.
(2) requests comment on potential programs and services that may meet the aforementioned criteria and that should be considered as candidates for systematic review. After comments are received, HHS will revise and publish the initial criteria and a preliminary list of candidate programs and services to be considered for review; and begin to conduct reviews."
ACF's goal is to create a process that is "transparent and build(s) from the existing knowledge of States, federal agencies, researchers, evaluators, program and service developers, key stakeholders and experts, and the general public."


Should you rent or buy? This is a question that needs to be answered correctly in order to keep you in a great financial situation. In this episode, Debbi will address this question and help you know what is right for you (and only you).
In health and maintenance, you need quarterly, semi annual and yearly checkups and the same is true for your finances. In this episode, we will learn what needs to be checked and how to make the best of your clean up.


text:
Commentaries by Lily Hartzell
Lily Hartzell
Freelance Journalist based in Beijing
Lily Hartzell is a freelance journalist based in Beijing focused on the environment. She graduated from Tufts University with a degree in International Relations and Environmental Studies, and wrote her senior honors thesis on China's participation in international environmental agreements. She was previously a Princeton in Asia fellow at the Natural Resources Defense Council's Beijing office. You can find her full portfolio here: https://lilyhartzell.weebly.com/
China's Coal Emissions Rollercoaster: Time to Stop the Ride
China's commitment to reduce its coal dependency conflicts with its increase in coal production. This is bad news for both the environment and China's economy.
The 2020 Biodiversity COP: An Opportunity for China to Lead the World in Conservation
As the Convention on Biological Diversity prepares to reconvene in 2020, it's time to reflect on the efficacy of the convention's efforts over the last 10 years. As the host next year, China could spur the world to greater action on biodiversity conservation.
COP21 ParisSustainable DevelopmentChina Environment ProtectionEnvironmental Protection
China Joins the World on Green Finance, But Domestic Standards Remain Problematic
China and the EU have showed a promising start on green finance, in part due to China's speed and enthusiasm to encourage green investments, but stricter environmental standards are needed.
Green EconomyClimate Change
Greening the Belt and Road
China has the potential to help countries all over the world leapfrog over coal, but so far it has fallen short, contradicting the green rhetoric China has repeatedly used to describe BRI.
China Takes the Lead in Green Finance
While Washington battles over the Green New Deal, China has been on the cutting edge of green finance and is even providing a model for the European Union. Even so, crucial questions remain.
Green EconomyChina EnvironmentBelt and Road
A Shift in Climate Strategy: China at the COP 24
China has shifted from a recalcitrant participant in global climate negotiations to a supporter of climate commitments on the world stage. Despite the US's anti-globalist tendencies with climate policy, China, and the world, are still serious about combating global warming.