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Leanne Murray Shofi
info@cuddyfeder.com 914-761-1300
"Let us pick up our books and our pens, they are the most powerful weapons." - Malala Yousafzai
Presentations + Publications
Matters + Case Studies
Leanne is Of Counsel at the firm, handling all aspects of federal and state complex commercial litigation and alternative dispute resolution. Her practice includes the representation of corporations and individuals in telecommunications and land use litigation, financial industry and business litigation, Article 78 proceedings, appeals, employment disputes, and title disputes.
Prior to joining Cuddy & Feder, Leanne worked with a leading international law firm, as well as with several boutique firms, providing sophisticated business litigation services to a wide range of clients.
Taking her role as "counselor" very seriously, Leanne always strives to listen carefully, think outside of the box, and carefully construct litigation strategies that meet the unique needs of her clients and their specific situations.
In law school, Leanne was Research & Writing Editor of the Pace Law Review, a member of the National Moot Court Competition team, and a Dean's Scholar. Leanne proudly volunteers for the Women's Business Development Council of Connecticut and regularly serves as a Judge for the Jeffrey G. Miller National Environmental Law Moot Court competition.
Pace University School of Law, White Plains, NY,
J.D., magna cum laude, 1994
Certificate in Environmental Law, 1994
Duke University, Durham, NC
B.A., Distinction in English,1990
Admissions/Courts:
U.S. District Court of Connecticut
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Panel Speaker, WBDC Stamford, "Tips & Tricks for Growing/Scaling Your Business"
Panel Speaker, Duke University, "Climate Change: U.S. Pulls Out, Blue Devils Dig In"
Author, "Business Lessons from Recent New York Arbitrability Cases"
Co-Author, "The Constitutionality of New York's Grandparent Visitation Statute in Light of Troxel v. Granville," 27 Westchester Bar Journal 19 (2000)
Author, "Davis v. Davis: The Embryonic Stages of Procreational Privacy," 14 Pace Law Review 567 (1994)
Representative Matters
Won motion to dismiss on behalf of developer of state-of-the art, green parking garage near Westchester County Airport
Won judgment in favor of landowners in quiet title action
Won motion to dismiss on behalf of major telecommunications corporation in Article 78 proceedings
Represented global reinsurance corporation in R&W arbitration
Represented broker-dealer in Second Circuit appeal regarding engagement and placement agreements
Represented large distribution company in connection with two Second Circuit appeals arising out of breach of contract and guaranty
Represented software supply corporation in proceedings regarding breach of data collection automation services agreement and breach of duties of loyalty and confidentiality against former employee
Appellate consultant in patent infringement appeal to Federal Circuit
Appellate consultant in First Circuit appeal regarding judicial assignment
Represented investor in FINRA arbitration and Connecticut proceedings arising from broker-dealer's fraudulent sales and marketing practices
Represented former directors in New York First Department appeal regarding minority shareholder oppression, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, and trade secret misappropriation
Director, Connecticut Women's Business Development Council
Member, Pace Law Alumni Board
Leanne volunteers for clients of the Women's Business Development Council of Connecticut, dedicated to the success of female entrepreneurs
Leanne volunteers regularly as a Judge at the Jeffrey G. Miller National Environmental Law Moot Court Competition
Leanne lives in Ridgefield, Connecticut, and enjoys spending time with her family, yoga, swimming, and music theatre.
Like everything in life, finding the right lawyer and law firm is all about fit. I am proud to be a part of Cuddy & Feder, a firm of talented lawyers who care deeply about their clients and the community. As a member of the litigation team, I am committed to bringing creative strategic solutions to each client's unique situation. –Leanne
Cuddy & Feder Telecommunications Practice – Small Cell Caselaw Update
On March 27, 2019, the Honorable Cathy Seibel, United States District Court Judge for the Southern District of New York, ordered the Village of Pelham, New York to issue permits for ExteNet Systems' planned modifications of small cell wireless facilities installed in the public right-of-way.
Business Lessons From Recent New York Arbitrability Cases
Many businesses fail to give forum selection clauses much thought, focusing instead on negotiating the material business terms when drafting or negotiating their agreements.


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Migration Regulations 1994 - Specification of Arrangements for Visitor Visa Applications 2016/102 - IMMI 16/102
IMMI 16/102 Specifications as made
This instrument specifies for applicants of a Visitor (Class FA) visa, the approved form, place and manner for making an application, and the travel agents that must be used by an applicant intending to travel to Australia from the People's Republic of China as a member of an organised tour.
Administered by: Immigration and Border Protection
Registered 09 Dec 2016
Tabled HR 07-Feb-2017
Tabled Senate 07-Feb-2017
Date of repeal 20 Feb 2017
Repealed by Migration (IMMI 17/021 Arrangements for Visitor Visa (Class FA) Applications) Instrument 2017
Migration Regulations 1994
ARRANGEMENTS FOR VISITOR VISA APPLICATIONS 2016/102
(Item 1236)
1. Instrument IMMI 16/102 is made under subregulation 2.07(5) of the Migration Regulations 1994 (the Regulations) for item 1236 of Schedule 1 to the Regulations.
2. The Instrument revokes IMMI 16/009 (F2016L00675) in accordance with
subsection 33(3) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, which states where an Act confers a power to make, grant or issue any instrument of a legislative or administrative character, the power shall be construed as including a power exercisable in the like manner and subject to the like conditions (if any) to repeal, rescind, revoke, amend, or vary any such instrument.
3. The Instrument operates for the Minister to specify, for applicants of a Visitor
(Class FA) visa, the approved form, place and manner for making an application, and the travel agents that must be used by an applicant intending to travel to Australia from the People's Republic of China as a member of an organised tour.
4. The purpose of the Instrument is to specify arrangements for applicants seeking to satisfy the primary criteria for a Visitor (Class FA) visa in the Frequent Traveller stream. This is a new stream of the Visitor (Class FA) visa and is given effect by the Migration Legislation Amendment (2016 Measures No. 5) Regulation 2016.
5. One new travel agent has been added, and three existing agents have been removed from Schedule 5 of the Instrument which specifies the travel agents that must be used by an applicant of a Subclass 600 (Visitor) visa in the Approved Destination Status Stream. The Approved Destination Status Stream is for applicants from the People's Republic of China intending to travel to Australia as part of an organised tour.
6. Consultation was undertaken with the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Department of Health and the Attorney-General's Department before this instrument was made.
7. The Office of Best Practice Regulation (OBPR) has confirmed that the Instrument has only a minor regulatory impact (OBPR Reference 19212).
8. The Delegate making the Instrument (Senior Executive Service, Band two, Immigration and Citizenship Policy Division) was delegated the powers contained in subregulation 2.07(5) of the Regulations in Instrument of Delegation DEL 16/067, signed on
9 November 2016.
9. Under section 10 of the Legislation (Exemptions and Other Matters) Regulation 2015, the Instrument is exempt from disallowance and therefore a Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights is not required.
10. This instrument commences on 12 December 2016.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thanksgiving and Independence Day are my favorite holidays. They are completely American by design; and each asks us only to pause long enough to celebrate the best of things within our lives.
There is a religious significance to the founding of this country and for this holiday. And as with the country itself, the Thanksgiving holiday foundations did not happen by accident. And it seems that as with the history of this country, the religious element to Thanksgiving Day, like so many other politically incorrect things, seems to be on its way to becoming lost in the shuffle of irreverence and modern life. While not established as a religious holiday, and I'm thankful for that; it offers us some time to recall the goodness of God's gifts, and particularly those we enjoy here and now. We should never allow that to escape from our thoughts.
Thanksgiving Day had it beginnings as a remembrance of the early struggles in building this country, from the first colonies onward. In particular it derives from the original day of celebration by the Plymouth Colony, who had first in escaping religious intolerance, survived ocean transit, harsh winters and sundry other difficulties. Over time, having established a sustainable society based upon free enterprise, and as they were able to survive the conditions; they officially stopped to offer prayers before God and to celebrate their good fortune.
Revisionists would have us believe that it had to do with arriving at peace and common interest with the natives; but that is not what they had to say.
That's plenty to be thankful for.
He went on to list the failures of the collective and the later success of the free ownership model of operation. He noted throughout that they were deeply religious folk who were first and foremost seeking to escape religious persecution.
On our parts, we should thank God every day for the good things we enjoy in the United States at His hand, and due to the work and perseverance of our forebears. We have no idea of the intolerance and persecution of those days, and we have suffered nothing akin to such things. Most have never had to wonder whether they or their loved ones would survive the night; or whether we might find sufficient food or water to sustain ourselves for another day. We are wealthy beyond comparison to most in the world today, and we should never lower ourselves to murmur as had Israel of old, regardless of any inconvenience before us. God has richly blessed us and abundantly so.
Instead we should be thankful — thankful for this country and its blessings through God, and for the blessings we enjoy everyday. And we should remember each day the call Paul made to the Philippians to: Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God; and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
Let us enjoy the day that God has given to us. And let us have a happy and prayerful Thanksgiving Holiday.


The Hampton Inn Columbus/Dublin will serve as the exclusive host hotel of the HJGT and the Ohio Kickoff at Delaware. The hotel is offering tournament participants a rate of $109 per night plus tax. Please reference the Hurricane Junior Golf Tour to obtain this rate when making reservations. Rooms must be booked by March 15, 2019.
Local Rules: Lift, Clean and place in the general area.
Right side of hole 4 and right side of hole 9 are played as a red penalty area.


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Awards Season, Television Articles July 17, 2019
The best of television has been recognised in this year's Emmy Awards lineup with Game of Thrones leading the pack. Despite a controversial final series, the epic HBO hit has dominated again with a record-breaking…
2019 Oscar nominations: Roma and The Favourite take pole position with ten nods apiece
After weeks and weeks of fiery arguments and bad blood between critics and awards fanatics, the Academy have finally spoken with their contenders for the 2019 Oscars. This year's lineup sees the Netflix drama Roma…
2019 BAFTA nominations: The Favourite gains favouritism with twelve nods
With the Golden Globes now out of the way, the Brits have contributed their group of contenders for the 2019 BAFTA Film Awards as the Oscar race intensifies. Out in front is the historical biopic…
Awards Season, Film Lists December 31, 2018
The 2018 Cinematique Film Awards: Part 2
As well as the writing and acting categories, I will also be revealing my Top 11 of the year! Hope ya'll agree with my picks…. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BEST ORIGINAL SCREENPLAY THREE BILLBOARDS OUTSIDE EBBING, MISSOURI OTHER…
Awards Season, Film News December 6, 2018
Vice, A Star is Born and Green Book dominate 2019 Golden Globe film nominations:
With Christmas almost here, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association have given us film fanatics an early present with their nominations for the 2019 Golden Globe Awards. Leading the way with six nods is the political…
Film News October 3, 2018
Christian Bale is unrecognisable as former Vice President Dick Cheney in Vice trailer
Over the years, Christian Bale has undergone a number of physical transformations to help him with challenging film roles. The Oscar-winning star of the Dark Knight trilogy (2005-2012), The Fighter (2010) and American Hustle (2013)…
Awards Season, Film News March 5, 2018
2018 Oscar winners: The Shape of Water clinches fab four, Gary Oldman wins Best Actor
The early hours of this morning saw the 90th Academy Awards take place on a night dominated by women and a love story involving fish. Thankfully there was no mix-up drama like last year as…
Awards Season, Film Reviews March 1, 2018
The Cinematique's final 2018 Oscar predictions
Sunday night / Monday morning sees Oscar celebrate its 90th birthday as the latest Academy Awards ceremony take place in Los Angeles. Will the Shape of Water swim its way to victory? Does Dunkirk have…
Awards Season, Film News February 19, 2018
BAFTA winners: Fab five for Three Billboards while Gary Oldman edges closer to Oscar glory
Following its recent triumphs at the Golden Globes and Screen Actor's Guild, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri bolstered its hopes of Oscar success during last night's (rather predictable) BAFTA awards ceremony. The comic-drama clinched five…
Oscar nominations: The Shape of Water dominates with thirteen nods
Oscar contenders, start your engines! The race has finally begun as the Academy finally unveiled their full list of nominations for 2018. As expected, the romantic fantasy The Shape of Water leads the way with…


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Q: Is it possible to post comments on Instagram via API? There is a POST method for to create comments, but it says the following:

Create a comment on a media. Please email apidevelopers[at]instagram.com for access.

See: http://instagram.com/developer/endpoints/comments/#
So do I have to get whitelisted for to be able to post comments or is the access_token enough?

A: Yes it is possible to post comments on Instagram via API. You have to get whitelisted now, so you have to email. This was not the case before, you were able to use commenting in api whithout whitelisting, but because of some apps spamming and abusing the comments feature, commenting now has to be whitelisted
See more: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instagram-api/reference/media/comments#create

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Two gold stars for Marzano and Garibaldis
By Michael Bauer on March 10, 2010 at 6:02 AM
The Chronicle 2010
Marzano is a pizza restaurant that shares an entrance with the more expensive Garibaldis on College in Oakland
Since I often write about the negative aspects of hospitality, I thought I'd share an email from a reader about a restaurant that went above and beyond, and developed a customer for life. A quick explanation for those who don't remember: Garibaldis and Marzano are two side-by-side restaurants that share the same owner, but different menus and kitchens.
I wanted to let you know about an extraordinary experience we had last night, with the Marzano/Garibaldis teams, on College Ave.
We'd had a double birthday dinner planned for March 6th but a broken oven forced us to start checking local restaurants to see if anyone could handle 10 people with only two days notice. After striking out with the first five places, we struck gold at Marzano on College.
The note is very long, so let me paraphrase. It turns out the restaurant booked the wrong day, and they called the night before the party to ask when his party was arriving. When he explained the party wasn't until Saturday he was told the restaurant was fully booked. He was transferred several times and finally talked to a manager who apologized profusely and suggested he could seat the party next door at Garibaldis.
Because of the change, and because the organizer thought they would be dining on the more expensive Garibaldis menu, he asked that the restaurant waive corkage; the restaurant agreed.
Garibaldis has the same owner, but a more refined decor and upscale menu
So let's pick up the story:
Come Saturday night we arrived promptly at 6:00 p.m. After a few moments of perusing the menu, I realized it was the menu from the Marzano side. When I asked our waiter about this, she stated they were doing their best to make up for the reservation error and we would also receive a couple of free appetizers. They even offered to bring us a menu from the Garibaldis side, so we could order from it as well.
After receiving and tearing into the two free starters (antipasti board and fritto misto, two of each), we then ordered three pizzas, two chopped salads, three meatballs starters and two asparagus for the table to share. We brought in 5 bottles of wine. The bill came and we were shocked. Even though they had gone though the hassle to serve us from the Marzano side, they honored the no corkage fee agreement, so our total cost was under $130.00. For 9 people!
We did some quick figuring and the totals were correct. The waitstaff was unbelievably kind, attentive and seemed to always be smiling, so it was extremely easy for us to leave a huge tip.
This staff went above and beyond in their response to our reservation problem, ensuring we will come back to these two restaurants as often as possible, whenever possible.
I'm sure similar stories unfold every night at restaurants, but most of the time we only hear about the negative, which seems to be a bigger motivator than a positive. The restaurant could have refused to honor the reservation; it was never really clear how the mistake happened, but the Marzano staff was determined to make it right. It just shows that taking care of business — and simply caring — can turn a potential disaster into a victory.


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Joined 01-18-16, id: 1051985, Profile Updated: 01-05-22
Author has written 15 stories for Action, Horror, Sci-Fi, and Fantasy.
Hey guys, Tyk here (or as some of you know, Tyk5919 over on TV Tropes). Just your everyday "average" nerdy twentysomething guy who enjoys writing stories. A lot. :p
So, basically I decided to make an account here so I could start publishing any short stories/novellas that pop into my brain whenever I have the time to write them. After posting two stories over the past couple years (and having loads of fun with T.O.T. in particular), I decided to go ahead and start working on my own story ideas whenever they pop into my brain. I spend a lot of my time reading stories and getting ideas from them. Well, I finally reached a point where I said just make the damn things already and stop stalling.
And I intend to do that. ;)
Expect most of my stories to involve anthropomorphism or some form of talking animals or other mythical creatures.
Also! New idea since my current system isn't working! :D
Not gonna bother announcing any release dates for any of my stories--as you all can clearly see, I have an awful time meeting the deadlines. Instead, I'll just announce what stories I'm currently working on so you'll know which ones will be coming out sooner than later. I've also made a vow from this day forward: I will release a chapter for some story at least twice a week. Could be an entry in the Legatum series. Could be something within the Tails Series. Might even be a super secret super ultra private story that I won't announce until I've finished the whole thing.
But I can't keep starting stories and then leaving them to grow lots of dust.
So this way, at least I'll always be working on something and remaining productive, as opposed to just starting on a story and never finishing it.
Also I has Twitter, for anyone interested in any story updates, writing advice, etc. @Tykky5
Stories in Progress:
The Road to Hell...: Entry in the Legatum series focusing on a kingdom run by orcs that soon finds itself on the brink of a civil war.
Tails of the Space Gladiators: Entry in the Tails Series about an ensemble group of gladiators fighting in a series of tournaments in a futuristic arena.
Reasoning: Horror story about a young reporter who finds herself being pursued by eldritch monsters and is trying to figure out why she's being targeted, or if it's all just in her head.
Upcoming Stories/Series:
These are all just ideas I've been thinking and speculating about. Nothing has been set in stone yet.
Merged: Entry in the Legatum series about a voracious humanoid reptilian creature who spends his time helping those in need. CURRENTLY ON HIATUS.
Unnamed Orc Story: Entry in the Legatum series focusing on two individuals trying to dismantle a slave trade organization run by a vicious orc.
Green Eyes: Novella in the Legatum series where an orc guilty of Envy gets resurrected and has to choose whether or not to assist a demon in his malicious schemes.
Lungon Duology: Two long stories in the Legatum series focusing on a feud between two types of dragons.
Tails in Prison: Entry in the Tails Series about a group of convicts who strive to break out of prison.
Smirvlak's Followers: Second story in the Smirvlak Trilogy.
Smirvlak's Wrath: Third story in the Smirvlak Trilogy.
Endless Flies: Entry in the Legatum series where a mountain troll and ogre team up to investigate various soldiers being massacred in the mountains away from civilization.
Tails of the Space Pirates: Entry in the Tails Series about a group of interstellar pirates going on various adventures around the galaxy.
Tails of War: Desert: Entry in the Tails Series about a squad of mammal soldiers who hunt down a battalion of reptilian soldiers to stop a violent war criminal. CURRENTLY ON HIATUS.
Tails of the Sea Dogs: Entry in the Tails Series about an intergalactic soldier who finds herself teaming up with a group of space pirates in order to stop a ruthless crew of rogues from destroying her hometown. CURRENTLY ON HIATUS.
Tails of the Space Gladiators
In an intergalactic prison complex out in the darkest sectors of outer space, dozens of inmates are forced to fight in a series of deadly gladiator games in order to earn their freedom. Third entry in the Tails Series.
Fiction: Sci-Fi - Rated: M - English - Adventure - Chapters: 9 - Words: 65,261 - Favs: 2 - Follows: 2 - Updated: 8/7/2021 - Published: 3/22/2019
When a journalist uncovers information about a hitman from a local mafia organization, she finds herself being hunted by a mysterious entity intending to silence her. But after she realizes just what the entity is, she soon finds herself facing disturbing, unfathomable creations humanity was not meant to discover.
Fiction: Horror - Rated: M - English - Supernatural - Chapters: 14 - Words: 92,170 - Favs: 2 - Follows: 2 - Updated: 6/30/2021 - Published: 7/18/2019
Several years after a tyrant takes control of the kingdom of Kosslivo, an orc soldier decides to start a rebellion to free the kingdom from the tyrant's cruel grasp. But he soon realizes that his actions may do more harm than good, and that the kingdom could end up getting worse before it gets better. Part of the Legatum series.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Drama - Chapters: 15 - Words: 99,569 - Favs: 1 - Follows: 1 - Updated: 5/14/2021 - Published: 10/12/2018
Help Not Wanted 2: Frigid Fornication
A few months after the events of Remixed Phallic Memories in HD, Grovmar and his crew head to a town located in a tundra-like country in search of a missing young woman. But during their quest, they soon come across sinister threats that could prove detrimental to the lives of everyone in town, as well as their own.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Humor/Drama - Chapters: 15 - Words: 118,709 - Favs: 1 - Updated: 3/14/2021 - Published: 2/1/2021 - Complete
Help Not Wanted: Remixed Phallic Memories in HD
Two months after the events of Help Not Wanted, Grovmar and his crew receive a contract to investigate the murder of an orc chieftain's son. But as they steadily uncover more information about the murder, they soon find themselves entangled in a deadly conspiracy between two orc tribes.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Humor/Drama - Chapters: 9 - Words: 60,831 - Favs: 1 - Updated: 9/9/2020 - Published: 6/26/2020 - Complete
Gold Tongues reviews
In a post-apocalyptic wasteland of America, three drifters try to survive the dreary environment and contemplate the meaning of life without losing their sanity, or the ability to enjoy themselves.
Fiction: Sci-Fi - Rated: M - English - Drama - Chapters: 6 - Words: 37,133 - Reviews: 1 - Favs: 3 - Follows: 1 - Published: 4/22/2020 - Complete
While enjoying a normal day at a diner, a middle-aged man finds himself struggling to control the ominous voice in his head, along with his hunger. Collaborative Halloween story with Lordoftheclowns.
Fiction: Horror - Rated: M - English - Chapters: 1 - Words: 6,076 - Favs: 1 - Published: 10/31/2019 - Complete
Tails of the Bounty Hunter
A lion bounty hunter faces one of his greatest challenges yet when he's tasked with taking down a galactic cartel organization, all while he has to deal with his personal dilemmas and deteriorating health. Second entry in the Tails Series.
Fiction: Sci-Fi - Rated: M - English - Crime/Fantasy - Chapters: 20 - Words: 170,014 - Favs: 4 - Follows: 2 - Updated: 4/19/2019 - Published: 12/9/2018 - Complete
Scrambled Egg
A mountain troll finds his life turned upside-down when he runs into a sorceress who claims she'll be able to save the world with an angel sealed inside of an egg. But when the troll also comes across the sorceress's nemesis and hears her side of the story, he soon realizes that the whole world may be in danger from the very same angel. Part of the Legatum series.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Drama - Chapters: 6 - Words: 49,081 - Favs: 1 - Published: 3/12/2019 - Complete
Help Not Wanted
When a group of goblins find themselves in desperate need of money, they start taking various jobs around a local town, unaware that one particular job could potentially put all of their lives in jeopardy. Part of the Legatum series.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Drama/Humor - Chapters: 9 - Words: 50,043 - Favs: 3 - Published: 8/17/2018 - Complete
The Green Wanderer reviews
A former orc soldier travels around the country encountering different individuals from different backgrounds as he tries to atone for the sins he committed in the past. Part of the Legatum series.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Drama - Chapters: 7 - Words: 24,873 - Reviews: 1 - Favs: 2 - Published: 6/1/2018 - Complete
Smirvlak's Stone
When two goblin brothers come across a powerful, magical stone, they soon find themselves being pursued by a tribe of bloodthirsty gnolls who are willing to slaughter anyone in their path in order to acquire the relic. First entry of the Smirvlak Trilogy.
Fiction: Fantasy - Rated: M - English - Adventure/Drama - Chapters: 16 - Words: 86,021 - Favs: 1 - Updated: 3/28/2018 - Published: 3/24/2018 - Complete
Tails of Fame
In an alternate universe where human beings and anthropomorphic animals coexist, a rat yearns for fame and fortune after becoming frustrated with his life. But after the rat commits a horrible crime, he soon finds his life spiraling out of control and realizes he'll do anything to reach any level of eminence.
Fiction: Sci-Fi - Rated: M - English - Crime/Fantasy - Chapters: 17 - Words: 91,553 - Favs: 3 - Updated: 12/26/2017 - Published: 12/22/2017 - Complete
TOT reviews
A group of preteens trick-or-treating on Halloween fight for their lives as a malicious werewolf hunts them down and begins to murder the neighbors within their community.
Fiction: Horror - Rated: M - English - Horror/Humor - Chapters: 12 - Words: 53,068 - Reviews: 2 - Favs: 4 - Follows: 1 - Updated: 11/4/2017 - Published: 11/1/2017 - Complete
The Pirates Covered in Fur reviews
In a world populated by anthropomorphic creatures, a group of misfits must band together to stop an evil pirate and his army of wolves from destroying their city. Part of the 2015 NaNoWriMo Challenge.
Fiction: Action - Rated: M - English - Sci-Fi/Adventure - Chapters: 16 - Words: 52,185 - Reviews: 1 - Favs: 3 - Follows: 2 - Updated: 1/27/2016 - Published: 1/18/2016 - Complete


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La Laize est une rivière française de Normandie, dans le département du Calvados, et un affluent droit du fleuve côtier l'Orne.

Géographie
De , la Laize naît au nord-ouest de la communes de Martigny-sur-l'Ante sous le nom de ruisseau de la Renardière, à la limite de Pierrepont, et à

La Laize se dirige vers le nord. Elle prend le nom de Laize à partir de son confluent avec le ruisseau du Bisson à Saint-Germain-Langot.

Elle se joint aux eaux de l'Orne, entre Clinchamps-sur-Orne et May-sur-Orne, à l'ouest de la plaine de Caen, et à et à .

Communes et cantons traversés
Dans le seul département du Calvados, la Laize traverse les quinze communes suivantes, de l'amont vers l'aval, de Martigny-sur-l'Ante (source), Saint-Germain-Langot, Moulines, Leffard, Ussy, Cesny-les-Sources, Fontaine-le-Pin, Saint-Germain-le-Vasson, Barbery (en limite est), Urville, Gouvix, Bretteville-sur-Laize, Fresney-le-Puceux, May-sur-Orne Laize-Clinchamps (confluence).

Soit en termes de cantons, la Laize prend source dans le canton de Falaise, traverse le canton de Thury-Harcourt, conflue dans le canton d'Évrecy, dans l'arrondissement de Caen.

Toponymes
La laize a donné son hydronyme aux trois communes suivantes de Bretteville-sur-Laize et Laize-Clinchamps, Laize-la-Ville (ancienne).

Bassin versant
Le bassin de la Laize s'étale du sud au nord entre le bassin direct de l'Orne à l'ouest et celui plus distant du Laizon, affluent de la Dives, à l'est. Au nord-est, une zone peu irriguée au sud de Caen la sépare du bassin de cette dernière.

la Laize traverse les cinq zones hydrographiques suivantes de , , , , .

Organisme gestionnaire

L'organisme gestionnaire est le SYMOA ou Syndicat Mixte de l'Orne et ses Affluents, sis à Argentan.

Affluents
La Laize a quinze tronçons affluents référencés, mais ses principaux affluents lui viennent par sa rive gauche, et portent tous le substantif de ruisseau, fossé ou cours d'eau.

Les quatre plus longs sont le ruisseau du Grand Étang (rg),  à Tournebu, avec quatre affluents et de rang de Strahler trois, le ruisseau de Bactot (rg),  à Moulines, avec quatre affluents et de rang de Strahler deux, le ruisseau de Leffard (rd),  sans affluent, et le Tourtous (rg),  avec deux affluents et de rang de Strahler deux.

Rang de Strahler
Donc le rang de Strahler de la Laize est de quatre par le ruisseau du Grand Étang.

Hydrologie
La Laize a été observée à trois stations hydrologiques dont deux sont fermées et la troisième ouverte depuis 2005 à Fresney-le-Puceux pour un bassin versant de  et à . Nous avons choisi de vous présentez les chiffres de la station la plus longtemps ouverte à Saint-Germain-le-Vasson.

La Laize à Saint-Germain-le-Vasson
La Laize a été observée à la station I3612010, la Laize à Saint-Germain-le-Vasson - Le Livet, depuis le  au , à  et pour un bassin versant de

Le module y est de .

L'écart entre les basses et les hautes eaux est considérable dans un tel milieu ( en août contre  en janvier pour un débit moyen de  à Saint-Germain-le-Vasson.

Étiage ou basses eaux
À l'étiage, c'est-à-dire aux basses eaux, le VCN3, ou débit minimal du cours d'eau enregistré pendant trois jours consécutifs sur un mois, en cas de quinquennale sèche s'établit à , ce qui reste très convenable.

Crues

Sur cette période d'observation, le débit journalier maximal a été observé le  pour . Le débit instantané maximal a été observé le même  avec  en même temps que la hauteur maximale instantanée de  soit .

Le QIX 2 est de , le QIX 5 est , le QIX 10 est de , le QIX 20 est de  et le QIX 50 est de . Le QIX 100 n'a pas pu être calculé vu la période d'observation de 29 ans.

Lame d'eau et débit spécifique
La lame d'eau écoulée dans cette partie du bassin versant de la rivière est de , ce qui est au-dessous de la moyenne en France, à . Le débit spécifique (Qsp) atteint  de bassin.

Aménagements et écologie

ZNIEFF's et Natura 2000
La Laize fait l'objet de plusieurs zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique : une de type I, sous le  la Laize et ses affluents, de , et une de type II,  Bassin de la Laize, de .

D'autre part, l'Orne et ses affluents sont classés en zone Natura 2000 sous le sigle FR2500091 - Vallée de l'Orne et ses affluents, pour une superficie de  sur les deux départements de l'Orne et du Calvados.

Vallée de la Laize

 Château d'Outrelaize à Gouvix.
 Manoir de Quilly à Bretteville-sur-Laize.
 Château de Fresney à Fresney-le-Puceux.
 Menhirs la Pierre de la Hauberie à Ussy, la Pierre Tourneresse à Gouvix, la Pierre tournante à Fresney-le-Puceux, la Roche Piquée à Saint-Germain-le-Vasson.

Histoire
Le pont sur la Laize, au lieu-dit Clair-Tison, a été un enjeu à la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, le , pour sa maîtrise.

Voir aussi

 l'Orne (fleuve)
 la liste des cours d'eau normands
 la liste des cours d'eau du Calvados

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Système hydrologique de l'Orne
Cours d'eau dans le Calvados
Cours d'eau du bassin côtier Seine-Normandie
ZNIEFF de type I dans le Calvados
ZNIEFF de type II dans le Calvados

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Campylospermum schoenleinianum är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som först beskrevs av Johann Friedrich Klotzsch, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Farron. Campylospermum schoenleinianum ingår i släktet Campylospermum och familjen Ochnaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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schoenleinianum


Reduce stress with raw honey! Boost good cholesterol with propolis!
Welcome to another edition of The Buzz! Do you have stress and anxiety in your life? (who doesn't, right?) Or do you know someone who worries about their cholesterol levels? Well, let's call this issue The Zen Issue because I have several 'anti-stress, anti-anxiety' options from the hive for you as well as news on how to boost your good cholesterol. AND I've extended our June Summer Sale until the end of the month!
Hot Summer Savings Still On!
In the last issue of The Buzz we offered some BIG savings on some of our top products including our 2 kg (4.4 pound) Bee Pollen, our Royal Jelly 120 cap bottles, our 120 cap Propolis bottles AND our GLA Skin Oil.
This sale was only supposed to last until June 14th. But, due to overwhelming success, we've decided to extend these sale prices until June 30th. So don't wait - we can't offer these prices very often.
As many of you are aware, the national postal company in Canada (Canada Post) is on strike. While we normally use Canada Post for our deliveries around the world, we are using an alternate courier company and are still shipping orders with no delays.
If you haven't 'Liked' my Facebook page yet, please do! I'm trying to hit 500 fans by the end of the year so I need your help!


Delhi is so much more than just the capital of India and its rich, exotic history, dating back to the 6th century, is presented in a palette of hues and architectural wanders that make up the city's unique and vibrant identity.
Regarded as a symbol of the thriving present and rich past of India, the awe-inspiring capital has something to offer to adventure seekers and history lovers alike, with no shortage of activities or sightseeing opportunities for every traveller.
One great way tourists can experience the stunning sights of New Delhi is by taking a stroll down Rajpath Boulevard. Also known as the Royal Pathway and Kingsway, the road spans from Rashtrapati Bhawan to the National Stadium, passing through Vijay Chowk and India Gate along the way, banked by lush gardens on both sides.
Each of Delhi's neighbourhoods feature a designated garden open to the public, such as the must-see Lodi Garden, where travellers can take in the beauty of the sprawling green space and marvel at the historic monuments dating back centuries.
Find a bargain. Delhi caters extremely well for shopping fans with a variety of tastes. Connaught Place offers a modern shopping experience, complete with a selection of familiar brands and restaurants, while the captivating bazaars of Old Delhi allow tourists to experience the sounds, smells and sights of a traditional Indian market.
Feast your senses. The local food is often named as the best in India – whether you choose to try the offering of the Bhavan canteens or one of the many street food vendors selling local favourites like chai, samosas, and jaleeb, your taste buds are in for a treat!
Have a history lesson in luxurious surroundings. Architecture lovers and history buffs alike need to make a stop at the Imperial Hotel, as it offers the opportunity to both admire the mixture of Victorian, old colonial and art deco styles, and stand where Ghandi, Lord Mountbatten, Jinnah and Nehru met to discuss India's separation from Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Judge the city by its books. Another fascinating side which makes up Delhi's identity is its reputation as a publishing hub. Book lovers and academics alike delight in the Delhi Book Fair every January, which features publications from around the world.
Get into the spirit of Delhi. The Indian capital is home to a number of beautiful temples which have become landmarks over time. Visiting these places of worship is a journey throughout history – from the 16th century Humayun's Tomb which inspired the wondrous Taj Majal to the modern architectural feat that is the Lotus Temple, complete with 27 marble petals which look incredible against the night sky.


text:
package com.sourcegraph.toolchain.js;

import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * Created by iisaev on 17.12.15.
 */
public class Context {

    /**
     * hierarchy of the scopes in the current point of analysis
     */
    private Stack<Scope> scopes;

    private Method curMethod;

    /**
     * holds the previously resolved semantic element for member access resolution
     * (consider as a stub)
     */
    private SemaElement resolved;

    /**
     * holds the semantic info for current prototype declaration
     * (while analysing prototype declaration)
     */
    private Prototype curProtoDecl;

    /**
     * holds the semantic info for current prototype, when prototype is accessed through
     * reserved 'prototype' property
     * (consider as a stub)
     */
    private Prototype proto;

    /**
     * counter for creating unique names for anonymous scopes
     */
    private int anonc;

    /**
     * holds the parser generated token for
     * property assingment handling in semantic analysis
     */
    private Token propertyToken;

    /**
     * setter for property assignment token
     */
    public void setPropertyToken(Token t) {
        propertyToken = t;
    }

    /**
     * getter for property assignment token
     */
    public Token getPropertyToken() {
        return propertyToken;
    }

    /**
     * generate new unique name for anonymouse scope
     * @param base the name for enclosing scope
     * @return new unique name for anonymous scope
     */
    public String makeAnonScope(String base) {
        String res =  base + "@" + anonc+ "@";
        anonc++;
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * setter for prototype info
     * (when prototype is accessed through reserved 'prototype' property)
     */
    public void setPrototype(Prototype p) {
        proto = p;
    }

    /**
     * getter for prototype info
     * (when prototype is accessed through reserved 'prototype' property)
     */
    public Prototype getPrototype() {
        return proto;
    }

    /**
     * setter for prototype info in prototype constructor
     */
    public void setCurProtoDecl(Prototype p) {
        curProtoDecl = p;
    }

    /**
     * getter for prototype info in prototype constructor
     */
    public Prototype getCurProtoDecl() {
        return curProtoDecl;
    }

    public Context() {
        scopes = new Stack<Scope>();
        pushScope(StringUtils.EMPTY); //global scope
    }

    /**
     * get current scope name
     * @return current scope name
     */
    public String getName() {
        return scopes.peek().getName();
    }

    /**
     * adds a new scope to scope hierarchy
     * @param name name of the new scope
     */
    public void pushScope(String name) {
        Scope s = new Scope(name);
        scopes.push(s);
    }

    /**
     * remove a top scope from scope hierarchy
     */
    public void popScope() {
        scopes.pop();
    }

    /**
     * puts an element to current scope
     */
    public void addToCurrentScope(SemaElement e) {
        Scope s = scopes.peek();
        s.add(e);
    }

    public void setCurMethod(Method m) {
        curMethod = m;
    }

    public Method getCurMethod() {
        return curMethod;
    }

    /**
     * setter for resolved field
     * (member access resolution)
     */
    public void setResolved(SemaElement e) {
        resolved = e;
    }

    /**
     * getter for resolved field
     * (member access resolution)
     */
    public SemaElement getResolved() {
        return resolved;
    }

    /**
     * iteratively searches for the semantic element in scope hierarchy
     * @param id name of the element to be looked for
     * @return semantic element if found, null - otherwise
     */
    public SemaElement find(String id) {
        for (Scope s : scopes) {
            SemaElement e = s.find(id);
            if (e != null) {
                return e;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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East Coast Car Rentals > Latest News > Break the holiday boredom: 9 must-see places in New Zealand
Break the holiday boredom: 9 must-see places in New Zealand
December 22, 2016, chris New Zealand
You've got your holiday time off coming up, what have you planned to do with it? Sitting at home is just not an option. Make the most of your time and check out the amazing country that is New Zealand.
New Zealand is known for its beautiful landscape – boasting everything from the highest mountains to the lowest valleys and even to the widest rivers. Not sure which corner to start in? Well don't worry, we're here to help and give you our best recommendations.
Start in Auckland so you can give the city a lap before picking up your rental car from East Coast Car Rentals – trust us, you'll want a reliable vehicle so you won't get stranded on this adventure. We've got tonnes of models to pick from, so you can bring as many mates as you want, or just embark on a solo trip.
Kick into first gear and let's get this road trip started! Here's a list of nine must-see destinations in New Zealand
1. Waiheke Island, North Island
Before you ship out of Auckland, be sure to put it in park and grab a ferry to check out Waiheke Island. This little island is famous for its white sand beaches that melt into lush greenery – its a unique climate that's made it an ideal spot for some of New Zealand's most scrumptious vineyards. Peruse the beaches, go on a zipline ride or take a quick winery tour before you head back to the mainland.
2. Cathedral Cove, North Island
This is one of the world's most famous beaches, as its picturesque scenery has been included in everything from desktop backgrounds to movie destinations like "The Chronicles of Narnia". Once you see the rocky outcrops and crystal clear water, you'll known exactly what makes this such a magical place.
Do you recognise Cathedral Cove from anywhere?
3. Rotorua, North Island
This town is tourist central, but well worth the trip. When you pull up, you'll notice that there is a bit of a funky smell, but that's just because this area of New Zealand sits on a volcanic plate. Don't worry, you'll get used to it though, especially since it has a plethora of hot springs you can soak in! Enjoy the view of the lake from the top of the mountain, or try to take it in as you go luging or biking down the mountainside.
4. Waitomo Glow Worm Caves, North Island
Swing on over to Waitomo and explore the glow worm caves! The worms make the inside of the caves sparkle like a starlit sky – an experience that will truly mesmerise you. Once you've had your fill there, you can choose to take on the black water rafting course. This is a really unique destination to say the least.
You can't miss this cool spot.
5. Franz Josef Glacier, South Island
How many people can say they've hiked a glacier before? Not many, so you have to do it for them! You'll have to take a helicopter to the top of the glacier which happens to be one the highest peaks in the country, all the way down to the valley and surrounding rainforests. You can't miss this cool spot.
6. Christchurch, South Island
The city of Christchurch was rocked by massive earthquakes in 2010 and 2011, but it has rebuilt itself into a hub of New Zealand culture. Come learn all about the country through food, art, markets and, of course, people.
Come see what is waiting for you in Christchurch.
7. Milford Sound, South Island
Milford Sound is the best place to go to get some fresh air. Grab a kayak and paddle through pristine lakes and past gushing waterfalls. This destination melts perfectly into the next on our list.
8. Fiordland National Park, South Island
This destination is exactly what it sounds like – it's filled with fiords! Fiordland is a massive park packed with diverse flora and fauna that will amaze you the deeper you get into the park. Your neck might be a little sore as it'll be on a constant swivel trying to take in some of New Zealand's prettiest scenery.
9. Queenstown, South Island
We can't say much about Queenstown – honestly it's just one of those places that will absolutely take your breath away. A real see-it-to-believe-it-destination. The mountain's reflection in the glass lake below looks like something off a post card. Partake in the quintessential bungy jump and you'll be able to say you made the most of this road trip!
Now that you've got a jam-packed itinerary for your couple of days off, we're thinking you better get going! Come pick up your keys at East Coast Car Rentals, and get going.
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text:
Switching Lenses
Magazine | Fall/Winter 2019 | Mind and Body
by Barbara Balfour, BA'03, BComm'04
banner photo by Devon MacKay Photography
all other photos by Leya Russell, her nurses and handlers
💬Share this: Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn
The relationship between artist and subject is always complex — but what happens when the photographer becomes the subject due to an unforeseen disaster?
UCalgary alumna Leya Russell, BA'08, BFA'11, made international headlines earlier this year when she survived a harrowing plane crash in southeast Asia. The crash left her having to learn how to walk again — but it wasn't her first brush with death.
The first was when she was only 21, backpacking solo across the northern tip of India on a journey of self-discovery.
Waiting on the platform for the overnight train to Calcutta, she saw an emaciated man lying on the ground. Thinking he was probably starving, she bent down to offer him some cookies from her backpack, but realized he was dead.
"His eyes were wide open and flies were crawling on them. I was hysterical, but the other people on the platform were unconcerned — they were just ushering me away," recalls the Calgary-based photographer.
"I was a wreck. It was one thing to see death. It was quite another to see someone's life end and have that not seem to matter. That bothered me much, much more."
The now-35-year-old UCalgary grad whose degrees are in religious studies and fine arts, has since become an award-winning visual artist who has travelled the world, having had her photos published in National Geographic.
It was while taking a break after a three-week assignment in Bangladesh for Photographers Without Borders this past May that Russell had her second brush with death, surviving a plane crash that left her with a broken back and a concussion so severe, she had to learn how to walk, dress and feed herself all over again.
In Bangladesh, Russell had been documenting the stories of individuals who had received support from the Centre for Disability in Development. What was supposed to be a three-day vacation in Myanmar afterwards, before heading home to Calgary, turned into one of the most terrifying experiences of her life.
Her flight from Dhaka to Yangon on Biman Bangladesh Airlines was supposed to be only one hour long, but it turned into three as the plane repeatedly tried to land before finally missing the runway and crashing in a nearby field.
Russell was knocked unconscious, only coming to because of the cries of her 35 fellow passengers who were covered in blood, including a flight attendant whose spinal cord had been severed.
With two fractured vertebrae and a serious concussion, she had to walk one kilometre across a field in lashing rain to get to a bus that brought the injured passengers to the arrivals gate. There they lay on the airport floor, waiting for help for 40 minutes.
A behind-the-scenes look at the plane crash that almost claimed Leya Russell's life.
"They put me on a stretcher in a caravan with no seatbelts. It hurt so much to be sliding around on this stretcher, whipped around in a vehicle going as fast as it can. I yelled at the paramedic to hold my hips, but she didn't speak English," Russell recalls.
She was sent to three different hospitals, where the staff weren't equipped to deal with her injuries and the language barrier only made things worse.
After two weeks in a Bangkok hospital, five days of which were spent in the ICU, Russell struggled with the after-effects of her injuries back home in Calgary, relying on her 16-year-old daughter, in a complete role-reversal, to shower, dress and feed her.
While she did not need surgery — despite losing a full inch in height and developing scoliosis — Russell was fit with a restrictive upper-body brace she had to wear for four months, which she could not put on by herself.
There were also pragmatic concerns weighing on her mind: her injuries prevented her from being able to photograph the summer weddings that supply the bulk of her income as a single mother.
And yet, Russell says, she cannot wait to get back behind a lens in far-away places. This November, she plans to head to Varanasi, India, with the ultimate goal of going back to Bangladesh and photographing the Rohingya people, whose flight from violence in Myanmar has been described as the world's fastest-growing refugee crisis.
"I don't have a normal sense of fear. I'm so curious; I get restless," says Russell with a laugh, sitting in her artist's studio in the backyard of her Sunnyside home.
"Once I'm able to work again, I will be on the road. We're all going to die, but I won't let that stop me from living my life. I don't want my daughter to see me not follow my dreams because of fear."
Russell has been dreaming — and beating the odds — for a long time. She grew up poring over the pages of National Geographic while whiling away the time in remedial classes alongside children with autism and Down syndrome; her own dyslexia and ADHD were not accurately diagnosed until she was 30.
"I always felt like an outcast, being segregated from the other kids, and it made me want to find a sense of belonging," she says.
We're all going to die, but I won't let that stop me from living my life. I don't want my daughter to see me not follow my dreams because of fear.
— Leya Russell
BA'08, BFA'11
Working overseas, Leya Russell has had assignments from National Geographic and other organizations.
As a teen, Russell was so rebellious she dropped out of high school, ultimately becoming a single mother at 18. For a while, she was homeless, living at a youth shelter while working full-time throughout her pregnancy as a prep cook at the Good Earth Café, stopping only two days before her daughter was born.
The following September, Russell went back to school, upgrading her high school credits and eventually earning a Bachelor of Arts in 2008, majoring in Eastern religions, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 2011, during which she began nurturing her future career in photography.
"The U of C really pushed me to be curious. I felt so supported by all the faculty during my BFA degree, and even my Hinduism professor encouraged me to go to India when I was doing my BA," she says.
"People were seeing me for the first time and pushing me to grow. I learned to take criticism and keep on trying. Not every institution will support fearless curiosity or encourage you to connect to something bigger than yourself."
Those lessons on resilience have helped Russell enormously since the accident. Not only physically, but also spiritually.
"You only get one life," Russell says. "All of us are dying, and all of us have a short time here on earth. We all have to help each other. It's just an accident of birth that I was not born a Rohingya or anywhere else in the world. I'm so lucky to have had all these privileges and advantages in my life."
« Return to Fall/Winter 2019 home Read the next story »
Who Will Help Mom?
Over the next 20 years, Canada's seniors' population is expected to grow by 68 per cent and we, as a nation, are not ready. In fact, experts say we are facing a multifaceted economic, social and health-care crisis as our elder population grows. What are our priorities and what is UCalgary doing about the splintered system that exists today?
2019 Arch Award Recipients
Meet six remarkable alumni who are blazing trails across our skies, creating spaces for us to marvel at, championing rights for Indigenous people, leading coalitions of people, innovating new tech platforms and building bridges across global organizations. Although this year's recipients walked the red carpet at the recent Arch Awards, their stories bear a replay.
Meet the award winners »
How did alumna Susanne Craig, BA'91, Hon. LLD'19 go from being a campus newspaper reporter to winning the Pulitzer; why language is critical, especially in the LGBTQ2S+ community; alumni star in a new movie; what, exactly, is Rococo Punk?
Take the ultimate tour of campus with President Ed McCauley, meet the 2019 Arch Award recipients and find out what UCalgary is doing about the coming health-care crisis as our elder population grows. All this and more in the Fall/Winter 2019 Alumni Magazine.
Download the PDF »
Make sure you always know what UCalgary Alumni has going on — keep your contact information up to date!
Want more news and stories?
UCalgary alumni have done and continue to do amazing things in Calgary and around the world. Check out their stories.
Explore the latest stories


On this page you'll see a listing of providers from which you can buy Aion Kinah. This overview not only includes the Aion Kinah prices of every shop, but also a customer rating. Shops listed as trusted sellers have a proven track record and are usually safe to buy from.
Our Aion Kinah list has been last updated on April 24, 2019. The next update is scheduled for April 26, 2019. As of April 25, 2019 the median price for 500mn is $42.2. Currently there are 16 Aion Kinah prices in our database.
We also offer a comparison of different Aion powerleveling companies and Aion game time card suppliers.
Aion developer NCsoft announced over the weekend its new weapon in the war against Aion Kinah sellers and other players involved in real money trading (RMT): IP blocking.
In layman's terms, each computer that uses the internet gets assigned a unique IP and developers will use this designated IP to tag and block suspected Aion Kinah sellers. In this case, the initial targets will be China-based internet users who are creating new Aion accounts for the purpose of RMT activities.
"In our ongoing efforts to combat RMT, the Aion team will begin blocking IP addresses from China from Account Creation due to high RMT traffic. In the coming days we will closely monitor the effects of this action," said NCsoft in a blog post.
It's a widely known fact that most RMT activity - from gold farming to gold selling and all virtual services in between - comes from China. But not all Aion players from China engage in RMT, which led NCsoft to apologize in advance to "any innocent players" who might be affected when the IP blocks hit the Mainland.
Existing accounts also get a big reprieve. The developer said the initial round of IP blocks will be restricted to account creation services only, meaning "existing accounts playing from a Chinese IP address may continue to play at this time."
NCsoft also said that it can and will expand its IP blocks on a "country-by-country basis." While we find it hard to imagine that China-based RMT operators will relocate to foreign shores, this is meant to assure fans that the developer is dedicated to fighting Aion Kinah trading no matter the geolocation.
What about proxies? NCsoft said it can distinguish between legitimate proxies used for improving lag, which it allows wholeheartedly, and duping proxies used to mask IP addresses in order to participate in RMT undetected, which it plans to root out.
"Please note that proxies have become an integral tool for illicit behavior in MMOs, and as a result we do target them when we undertake anti-RMT efforts. However, legitimate latency reduction services are recognized, and a proxy will not be banned unless it is confirmed to be part of unsanctioned behavior," said NCsoft.
Farmers neutralized but at what revenue cost?
Commenting on the Aion IP bans, Wings of Atreia columnist MJ Guthrie said that "with this change, not only will new farmers be neutralized, but there should be a drop in current ones as their accounts get banned."
Guthrie rightly noted though that the IP blocks will likely cost NCsoft noticeable revenue losses. RMT operators do spend cash when purchasing the new accounts that the developer will now be blocking. Not to mention the legitimate players that will be caught in the crossfire.
"Banning the IPs of an entire country might very well cost the company a chunk of future players, but it demonstrates that NCsoft understands how destructive the practice is to the health of the game. Let's just hope it pans out the way we want," said Guthrie.
Enter your email address and target price and we will send you an email the next time Aion Kinah are available at that price.


text:
Q&A: SUCCESSFUL MASS PRODUCTION OF AN INNOVATIVE DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY
MICRONEEDLES
Ciatation: Kim JD, "Q&A: Successful Mass Production of an Innovative Drug Delivery Technology". ONdrugDelivery Magazine, Issue 56 (Mar 2015), pp 19-23.
Jung Dong Kim answers questions about the company, its capabilities, and the mass production of an innovative dissolving microstructure drug delivery technology.
What is Raphas?
Raphas is a combination of the words "Rapha" (heal) and "Path". Technology originally developed in Yonsei University was transferred to this company, after which four years of research and investment led to the successful development of dissolving microstructure products. As the meaning behind the name Raphas suggests, the company is devoted to providing paths to healing in the medical services sector. A key mission of the company is to pioneer an affordable delivery system for vaccines and other drugs for efficient use in developing countries.
What are dissolving microstructures?
Although the concept of microstructures was proposed in 1970, it was not until 1990 that it was first developed.1 There are various application principles for microstructure- mediated transdermal drug delivery:
less painful than the typical shot from a needle, solid microstructures are effective in creating small punctures in the skin that are ideal for allowing the skin to absorb active ingredients
later on, solid microstructures were coated in medicine or creams before insertion into the skin, thereby directly delivering the active ingredients into the skin. These coated microstructures are applied for a specified duration, allowing the skin to absorb the active ingredients, before being removed
the next phase was the development of hollow microstructures that delivered medicine in a tiny needle and syringe combination form. However, the previously stated microstructures tips could be broken and left under the skin, which had the potential to cause undesirable side effects, so innovative solutions were found
dissolving polymer substances were mixed with medicines and active ingredients to create microstructures that naturally dissolved away after delivering their active ingredients into the skin (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: Diagram showing mechanism of action for dissolving microstructure delivery.
The many phases of this research process led to the development of several different types of microstructures, all with their own characteristics and utilities. Although it is now well known that dissolving microstructures (Figure 2) are extremely safe, they are still not being used for the application of medicine or drugs. However, cosmetic products including sodium hyaluronate have recently been developed and marketed.
Figure 2: Microscope image showing the protrusions of a dissolving microstructure array.
What advantages are there in using dissolving microstructures?
"Patch microstructure products overcome the disadvantages of existing transdermal drug delivery systems, while combining the effective aspects of needle and syringe delivery methods. For these reasons, dissolving microstructures are a promising technology that is both highly safe and convenient to use…"
The biggest advantage of dissolving microstructures is that they are much less painful than the standard needle and syringe. When applied in the form of a patch, they are easy to use for any consumer, and provide much more comfort and convenience. As opposed to liquid substances needed for application by injection needles, microstructures make it possible to distribute medicine in a safer solid state. Lastly, the use of dissolving microstructures is an environmentally friendly solution that leaves no dangerous and wasteful medical products behind, such as sharp needles or glass.
Patch microstructure products overcome the disadvantages of existing transdermal drug delivery systems, while combining the effective aspects of needle and syringe delivery methods. For these reasons, dissolving microstructures are a promising technology that is both very safe and convenient to use.
One of the many advantages of dissolving microstructures, especially in their solid state, is their ability to maintain a high level of safety in the distribution of biomedical products. This will significantly help reduce costs in the cold chain needed in the distribution of such projects, and could bring on a major turning point in the treatment of illness and disease for all of mankind.
The cold chain is in reference to the constant refrigeration process and infrastructure needed in the distribution of certain foods such as meat and seafood or medical products such as vaccines, proteins, and other biomedical items. Aside from these, there are many other products that rely on a cold chain for distribution. Studies have shown that in the biopharmaceuticals industry alone, costs for cold chain distribution of products are almost US$1 billion (£0.68 billion) a year. Current cold-chain distribution methods make it so that most products are shipped by air, greatly increasing the cost of transport. Up to 66% of biomedical products are being distributed by air, while only 33% is being shipped by sea – which is half the cost of transporting by plane.2
Currently biopharmaceuticals for arthritis treatments, insulin shots for diabetes and other medical treatments have been developed into products. Thanks to advances in biotechnology, the mass production of biopharmaceuticals has been made easier, and this in itself has also contributed to increased research and development of the biopharmaceuticals industry. Therefore, the industry is also encroaching on the market share of synthesised drugs, which all leads to increased costs in refrigeration and storage of biopharmaceuticals. For example, vaccines are made up of various proteins that are often sensitive to heat and light, and therefore require refrigeration. The US$200-300 million annual cost of refrigerating vaccines may not be too much of a burden to bear for countries with an advanced medical industry, but less developed areas in Africa and Southeast Asia, and even countries like North Korea may not be able to afford these distribution costs. For these reasons, a large number of people around the world are not able to receive the vaccinations they need, and many are still dying from preventable diseases.3
In developing countries, 80% of the cost of vaccinations goes to the cold chain of distribution, and therefore many efforts are being made throughout the world to reduce these costs.4
"In the biopharmaceuticals industry alone, costs for cold chain distribution of products are almost US$1 billion a year…"
In order to solve these problems, international organisations such as the WHO and the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) have been putting out guidelines regarding cold chain management in order to help develop and propose methods to reduce costs as much as possible. However, viable cold chain methods differ between countries, so in order to reduce costs across the board, a truly ground-breaking method would have to be developed.
Microstructures are being researched by many institutions as an alternative solution to the high cost of cold-chain management, because if biopharmaceuticals can be delivered as a solid state in microstructures, its stability and effectiveness can be sustained for a long period of time. Furthermore, in the academic community there are many publications and presentations regarding stabilising agents for maximising desired effects in vaccines. In the near future, it should be possible to create microstructure vaccine patches that will greatly reduce the cost of storing and distributing vaccines.
What unique technology has Raphas developed for the production of microstructures?
There are many techniques used in the production of dissolving microstructures being developed around the world, such as micro-moulding, drawing lithography, and droplet-born air blowing. There are advantages and disadvantages to each, and they are constantly being improved to maximise their efficacy. Some are undergoing clinical trials and preclinical testing, while others are in use for products currently on the market.5
"There are many techniques used in the production of dissolving microstructures being developed around the world, such as micro-moulding, drawing lithography, and droplet-born air blowing…"
The first dissolving microstructures were created using photolithography, which was commonly used for a semiconductor fabrication process. To create dissolving microstructures using photolithography, first various etching methods are used to create master moulds. Then, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is poured to make PDMS moulds from which dissolving microstructure replicates are formed. A dissolving solution is poured into the PDMS mould, and is set using heat or UV light. Once the needles are taken out of the cast, they are just about complete.
This step, called micro-moulding, is a process used at most microstructure manufacturers. It is the process used to make the very first dissolving microstructures, and its big advantage is that access to the mould and the related equipment makes it possible to mass-produce dissolving microstructures.
However, micromoulding requires strong negative pressure using centrifuge and vacuum pumps to fill in the microscale mould with dissolving polymer solution. Furthermore, the dissolving polymers applied in this manner can be dried by carefully applying heat or UV light which has the potential to cause denaturation of sensitive proteins.
In 2010, Professor Jung Hyeong-il's research team at Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea), developed a technique called drawing lithography. In this technique, dissolving substances are coated onto a surface and heat is applied to make them stick. At the same time, microstructures are formed by pulling the surface vertically. The convenience of this technique, and its flexibility in adjusting the length and breadth of the needles made it very popular, and was featured on the inner cover of Advanced Materials and as a research highlight in Nature Phototonics. However, this process still needs the application of heat, and the coating process caused the loss of active ingredients, so the technique is not yet widely adopted for use.6
The technique currently being used at Raphas is called Droplet-born Air Blowing (DAB) (see Figure 3). This process was developed to reduce the microstructure fabrication time allowing for gentle fabrication conditions without the use of UV irradiation or heat. The main advantage of this technique is the ability to apply the desired amount of polymer drop in the desired location to form a single droplet into a single microstructure using a controlled air blowing. This makes it possible to fabricate microstructure in a few minutes without loss of active ingredients which are sensitive to heat or UV light.7
Figure 3: Steps in the Droplet-born Air Blowing (DAB) microstructure manufacturing technique employed by Raphas.
Figure 4: The key US Patent Application covering the DAB manufacturing process.
What types of intellectual property rights or certifications does Raphas have in relation to their techniques?
Raphas, using technology and rights transferred from Yonsei University, continuously works to strengthen its patent portfolio and other intellectual property. The company has registered a total of 12 patents, with its key patent DAB technique also registered in the US (Figure 4). Raphas is currently in the process of registering its patents in other countries around the world in order to strengthen its IP position further.
In addition to registration as IP, Raphas' DAB technology has received many certifications and awards in Korea and abroad. One of Raphas' many accreditations was for its microstructure skin care patch manufacturing technology, which was selected as a New Excellent Technology by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in 2012. This served as a successful opportunity for Raphas' innovative industry technology to be recognised by the market and eventually led to mass distribution of its product.
In 2014, Raphas' beauty patch product Acropass (Figure 5) was approved by the Chinese CFDA, and was once again lauded for its safety and high quality. Also, Raphas' production facilities has a Class 10,000 clean room for the manufacturing of microstructure beauty patches, and has received ISO 22716 certification, ensuring consistent quality management of its products and facilities.
What is the current status and future sales strategy for Raphas products?
Figure 5: Raphas' beauty patch product, Acropass.
Raphas product sales are primarily business to business (B2B). The company manufactures microstructure products containing a variety of raw materials with proven effectiveness, and sells them as ordered from various brands in an Original Development Manufacturing system. Most of its sales are for the overseas market, and products exported to the US and Japan make up the biggest shares of our sales. Raphas continuously works closely with companies selling their products for the selection of active ingredients, product design, testing, and other product development.
In order to serve in its role as a manufacturer better, Raphas extended two production lines in 2014 (Figure 6). Continual improvement of its processes and development of new products has pushed the company to expand to the manufacturing capacity of one million patches per month. During 2015, Raphas plans to expand its manufacturing ability by three times.
Raphas is also looking into ways it can operate as a Contract Manufacturing Organisation in the pharmaceuticals sector by co-operating on research with raw material medicine corporations and developing new products for these companies to sell. In this system, Raphas will use its technology to create drug delivery platforms for a wide variety of medicines, which will help further the company's scope of business.
Figure 6: Raphas extended two production lines in 2014 to enhance its manufacturing capabilities.
As the focus of Raphas has been on development and manufacturing, close mutual co-operation with key companies has been essential to its business. Instead of simply partnering with anyone willing to sell its products, Raphas carefully seeks out partners that understand its products the best. This in itself was a process that was full of much trial and error. But through experience, Raphas found that no matter how much a large corporation was willing to mass distribute their product, a longsustained relationship can only be possible if the seller had a deep understanding of Raphas's products and technology.
What are some difficulties that Raphas has faced?
Raphas is the first to be using the technology that it employs, and has had to put together all of the necessary research and manufacturing equipment on its own, which came together which present challenges, naturally. In the beginning, there was much to be fixed and a lot of instability in the manufacturing. Thanks to years of hard work, Raphas now proudly maintains a consistently high-quality manufacturing system.
"Just as Raphas did in the beauty and skincare industry, the company plans on creating close partnerships with pharmaceutical and other companies to move quickly into this new market…"
Also, the initial reaction of the market to Raphas's technology and products was difficult to influence. The dissolving microstructure patches that were developed took the industry time to get used to – even for those familiar with solid microstructure products. In order to overcome this, Raphas representatives travelled to every corner of the world where their products were being sold, to meet people directly and give detailed explanations of the advantages behind the technology and products. Sometimes new business was secured, and at other times Raphas was unsuccessful. However, overall there is now much more knowledge and interest in Raphas's microstructure patch products.
What are the future plans for the company?
Up until now, the focus has been on the commercialisation of this new technology and developing the manufacture of its related products. Now that Raphas has a solid foundation in this, we are able to produce a wide variety of beauty products. Raphas will continue to add new lines of products using microstructure technology, which will have a wide variety of features and effects. Raphas is also looking into developing new products that can be created in combination with existing cosmetic products.
In addition to this, Raphas hopes to put new efforts into the development of medical products. The current microtechnology being used can be effectively applied for use with a wide variety of drugs, especially as a platform for delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
Just as Raphas did in the beauty and skincare industry, the company plans on creating close partnerships with pharmaceutical and other companies to move quickly into this new market. By doing this, not only will Raphas contribute to the growth of Korea's pharmaceuticals industry, it will also move closer to becoming the "Path to Healing" that its name means.
Gerstel MS, Place VA (1976) Drug delivery device, US Patent No. 3,964,482 / Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2012, Vol 64(14), pp 1547-1564.
Biopharma Cold-Chain 2011 Sourcebook.
Infectious Diseases, December 2004, Vol 4. (infection.thelancet.com)
Kols A, Sherris J, "HPV vaccines: promise and challenges". (www.path.org/files/jsrp13710.pdf; Accessed 28 January 2011.)
Sunaina I, et al, "Current advances in the fabrication of microstructures for transdermal delivery". J Control Rel, 2014, Vol 185, pp 130-138 / Carl MS, et al, "Skin permeabilization for transdermal drug delivery recent advances and future prospects". Exp Opin Drug Deliv, 2014, pp 393-407.
Lee K, et, al, Adv Mater, 2010, Vol 22, pp 483–486.
Kim JD et al, J Control Rel, 2013, Vol 170, pp 430–436.
HIGHLY CUSTOMISABLE HOLLOW POLYMER MICRONEEDLE SOLUTIONS
AQUARMED™: TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY USING NOVEL COMPONENTS
Dr Jung Dong Kim
Raphas
Raphas is a technology company focused on skin-based drug delivery techniques able to effectively permeate the skin barrier. The company is developing an innovative drug delivery system based on a microneedle patch that is effortless and painless to use for self-administration.
TRANSDERMAL
THE CRITICALITY OF ADHESIVE SELECTION FOR OPTIMAL TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Megan Greth and Gozde Karabiyik discuss why selecting the right adhesive for body-worn drug delivery systems – be they transdermal patches or wearable injection devices or pumps – is critical for a successful outcome.
MICROBRISTLE APPLICATOR (MBA™) SYSTEMS FOR TOPICAL AND TRANSDERMAL DRUG APPLICATION
Pierre Michelet, Karl Hartstock-Martin, and Moritz Beyhl present the innovative technology of microbristle applicators (MBA™) for a more precise and hygienic application within topical and transdermal treatment. MBA™ comprises a platform of moulded, pure plastic applicators with very fine bristles to apply liquid and semi-liquid formulations.
NEW RESEARCH TOOLS FOR TOPICAL & TRANSDERMAL DEVELOPMENT
Marc Brown, Rob Turner and James Gibbons provide a view on the current topical and transdermal market, elaborate on some of the common approaches to product development in this area, and reveal the company's newest model, the MedFlux-HT™ system.


Using the words of Isaiah during Advent to prepare for Christmas makes sense. Among the authors of the four Gospels, Isaiah is cited twice as often as any other Old Testament prophet, which makes him the perfect source for study and celebrations.
In the New Testament, Isaiah is quoted at least 57 times. His words are paraphrased 64 more times. It is clear New Testament writers had respect for Isaiah's teachings and used them often; probably much like members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints often cite Joseph Smith.
Then the Savior rolled the scroll up and stated: "This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears" (Luke 4:21). At that moment those there knew that Jesus was proclaiming Himself as the fulfillment of Isaiah's 750-year-old Messianic prophecy. Following His example, the apostles and other New Testament writers often quoted from Isaiah.
But for this season of the year, Isaiah is also a great source of verses about the Nativity. In Matthew's case, for example, Isaiah is in Chapter 1, but Matthew also cites the prophet in many others chapters to help show Jesus fulfilling scripture.
When it comes to Gospel authors, Mark is the briefest. He skips Jesus birth, gets Him baptized and moves quickly through His ministry to get to the tomb and His resurrection. But like others, he cites Isaiah.
12 As it is written in the prophets, Behold, I send my amessenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.
Luke, of course, records one of the best of all the Isaiah quotes as described above in the synagogue at Nazareth, when Jesus said that He fulfilled the words of Isaiah 61. But Luke also uses Isaiah seven times in other verses.
2 28 Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said, 29 Lord, now lettest thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word; 30 For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, 31 Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; 32 A light to lighten the Gentiles, [Isaiah 42:6, 49:6] and the glory of thy people Israel.
1944 And he went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold therein, and them that bought, 45 Saying unto them, It is written, My house is a house of prayer [see Isaiah 56:7]; but ye have made it a den of thieves. 46 And he taught daily in the temple.
37 For I say unto you, That this is written must yet be accomplished in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors; [see Isaiah 53:12] for the things concerning me have an end.
John was one of Jesus' original Twelve Apostles and was "the disciple whom Jesus loved" (13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7,20,24). John probably wrote his Gospel later than the other three but developed his words to explain certain doctrines more clearly. He included Isaiah's words just four times.
1237 Although he had performed so many signs in their presence, they did not believe in him. 38 This was to fulfill the word spoken by the prophet Isaiah: "Lord, who has believed our message, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?" [see Isaiah 53:1] 39 And so they could not believe, because Isaiah also said, 40 "He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they might not look with their eyes, and understand with their heart and turn— and I would heal them." '[see Isaiah 6:9-10] 41 Isaiah said this because he saw his glory and spoke about him.
We can see that the Gospel authors and Christ himself all used Isaiah words. It was all part of their gospel knowledge; his words lived in the hearts of those who themselves were authoring holy writ. Together they quoted Isaiah 25 times, but he is quoted at least 27 more times in the New Testament. Among those quoting him, Paul is his chief disciple, calling upon his word some twenty times in his various epistles. Peter uses him as an authority in seven instances.
In Part 2 to this series, we will look at the other apostles' use of Isaiah. Look for it in an upcoming newsletter. Not subscribed yet, then leave us this info and we will take care of that.
1–8 Thomas Wayment, The New Testament: A New Translation for Latter-day Saints, Kindle Edition.
Can Isaiah Answer an Age-Old Fundamental Question?


text:
Q: How to return a deferred promise and create a model with Ember.Deferred? I'm trying to create a User.current() in my application, which pulls data from my server using $.getJSON('/users/current', function(data) { ... });. I am using the Singleton method that Discourse uses, which does the following:
Dashboard.Singleton = Ember.Mixin.create({
        // See https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/app/assets/javascripts/discourse/mixins/singleton.js

        current: function() {
                if (!this._current) {
                        this._current = this.createCurrent();
                }
                return this._current;
        },

        createCurrent: function() {
                return this.create({});
        }
});

And in my User singleton model, I've rewritten createCurrent as follows:
Dashboard.User.reopenClass(Dashboard.Singleton, {
        createCurrent: function() {
                return Ember.Deferred.promise(function(p) {
                        return p.resolve($.getJSON('/users/current').then(function(data) {
                                return Dashboard.User.create(data);
                        }));
                });
        }
});

User is a normal Ember object model:
Dashboard.User = Ember.Object.extend({

});

This does request the data from the server, but the function is not setting User.current() correctly - when I inspect it, User.current() has none of the properties that should be set, such as name.
How can I return and set the current user using Ember's deferred and promises?

A: That's cause you're returning the promise in place of the user.
Why don't you create the user, then fill in the properties later.
Or use the Promise Proxy pattern that Ember Data uses (the promise can be used as the object once resolved)
DS.PromiseObject = Ember.ObjectProxy.extend(Ember.PromiseProxyMixin);

function promiseObject(promise) {
  return DS.PromiseObject.create({ promise: promise });
}

A: Since $.getJSON('/users/current') returns a promise, might as well use that.
createCurrent: function() {
                return $.getJSON('/users/current').then(function(data) {
                       return Dashboard.User.create(data);
                });
    }

Then you need to keep in mind that createCurrent returns a promise, not the object itself so you will need to:
current: function() {
            if (!this._current) {
                    var that = this;
                    this.fetching = true;
                    this.createCurrent().then(function(val) {
                        that.fetching = false;
                        that._current = val;
                    });
            }
            return this._current;
    },


text:
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美国之音 > Voa English Learning > Wordmaster
July 24, 2003 - Chicago Manual of Style
Broadcast on COAST TO COAST: July 24, 2003
AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on WORDMASTER -- a look at the book writers turn to settle questions of style.
RS: University of Chicago Press is just out with the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, "the essential guide for writers, editors, and publishers." That's what it says on the front of the book.
AA: Note that there's a comma after "editors." Some guides would have omitted the comma before the last item in a series.
RS: And therein lies the difference between a style book and a grammar book, says Anita Samen, managing editor of the University of Chicago Press.
SAMEN: "For example, if you are writing and following Chicago style in your writing, and you say 'as we discussed in chapter 4,' the C on 'chapter' would be lower-cased, not capitalized, because that's our style. This is not an issue of grammar."
AA: "And that's what's so frustrating about this, when you've got a picky little style point and you go to four or five different style books -- "
RS: "And they're all different."
AA: "And they're all different."
SAMEN: "No, you go to ours. [Laughter] But if you think about the origin of the manual, the manual originally was for people working in the proof room, so they could make sure that things that were published by the press were consistent in the way terms were handled. So that is how our particular style evolved."
AA: "Well, let me ask you a question then -- why not a capital C?"
SAMEN: "We tend to save capital letters to make them stand out. For example, the New York Times -- if you read the New York Times -- will talk about the Clinton administration or the Bush administration and they will capitalize the word administration. Our style, however, is to have it lower-cased."
RS: "Now what is the difference between the 15th edition and, say, the 14th edition?"
SAMEN: "Oh, many, many, many differences. The primary difference, I think, is the Manual always evolves with the times. And if you think about what has happened in the world between 1993, when the 14th edition came out, and 2003 -- for example, in 1993 when I worked at the Press, I did not have e-mail. I had a computer in my office, but people didn't use e-mail the way they do now. When we were thinking for this new edition what we would do with the terms e-mail and Web site, and how we would style those -- for example, Web site, one word or two, cap W or lower case. It is two words, with a cap W, because Web site came from World Wide Web.
"E-mail is lower-case E, with a hyphen, and that actually is something now that I think about it, that may clarify the matter for non-native speakers of English. Because without the hyphen, just email, that may look like some word they're supposed to know but don't."
AA: "Final question here -- what was the most controversial, the biggest bombshell change from the 14th edition to the 15th?"
SAMEN: "Hmm. I would say adding electronic citations to our two chapters on citations. And our big debate was -- two debates, whether or not to advocate full URLs and whether or not to advocate adding access dates to the citations."
AA: "URL is the Web address, the Uniform Resource Locator."
SAMEN: "Yes, yes, and all that string of letters and the tildes and all that. And for awhile -- and we went both ways, and we actually drafted the chapters two different ways, and after a lot of discussion we decided to go with full URLs and access dates when either the discipline required adding them or when they gave useful information to the reader. How to handle URLs, I would say, generated the most conversation as we were preparing the fifteenth edition."
RS: Anita Samen is managing editor of the University of Chicago Press, publishers of the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.
AA: Now here's an example of a "full URL" in a formal citation -- http://www.voanews.com/wordmaster.
RS: Or just type in voanews.com/wordmaster, and you'll get to us just the same.
AA: And our e-mail address is word@voanews.com. With Rosanne Skirble, I'm Avi Arditti.
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June 12, 2003 - Advertising to Latinos (08/6/16 16:57:59)
June 5, 2003 - International Newcomers' Academy (08/6/16 16:57:59)
May 29, 2003 - Slangman: Insults (08/6/16 16:57:59)
May 22, 2003 - Imagination in Writing (08/6/16 16:57:59)
May 15, 2003 - Cursing in America (08/6/16 16:57:59)


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Efforts over the past thirty years to eliminate window blind cord strangulation hazards have failed. Six different Industry Standards have come up short, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commision (CPSC) still lists window blinds as one of the top five hidden hazards in American homes. Technology to completely eliminate window blind hazards has existed for years, yet young children throughout the United States still die regularly of cord strangulation.
In 2012, the Onder Law Firm jointly filed a Petition to the CPSC, along with several consumer advocacy and safety groups, calling for the CPSC to set forth a mandatory standard that would eliminate the risk entirely. The Onder Law Firm is committed to achieving this mandate on behalf of all the families who have lost young children to tragic window cord accidents.
If your family has been harmed by dangerous window blinds, our attorneys are here to help. While we work in many areas of product liability, bringing justice to window blind cord lawsuits is our particular priority. This website provides comprehensive information on window blind cord risks, regulations and litigation. Our window blind cord attorneys are available now to answer your questions in a free attorney consultation.
Over the past four decades, experts believe more than 1,000 children have been injured or died as a result of dangerous window coverings. A series of six sets of regulations have been issued by the Window Covering Manufacturers Association since 1985, yet each has fallen short of the necessary measures to eliminate injuries caused by window blind cord strangulation hazards. Read to learn more about why regulations have failed to prevent window blind cord injuries and deaths here.
The Onder Law Firm is the premier attorney group representing families whose child has been injured or killed as a result of a dangerous window blind cord. These attorneys have partnered with a diverse group of advocacy and safety groups to petition the CPSC for a new mandatory standard. Read more about our work on window blind cord lawsuits and learn whether you may qualify here.
If your family has endured the tragedy of having a child injured or killed in a window blind cord strangulation incident, you may wish to learn more about what it would mean to file a window blind cord lawsuit. This page features questions commonly asked regarding window blind cord lawsuits, with answers compiled by our attorneys. If you don't find answers on the Window Blind Cord Lawsuit FAQs page, you may also contact our firm to speak directly to an attorney about your circumstances.
This page describes the legal services provided by our window blind cord injury lawyers. Our attorneys work on a contingency basis for window blind lawsuits, meaning there will be no fees unless we collect for you. Contact our Window Blind Cord Injury Attorneys for a free, no-obligation consultation.