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TRANSFORMATIONS: Living Large in Small Spaces
Posted by Stephanie Vozza, Guest Columnist
FOR TOO LONG, the McMansion was the symbol of success in this country, but Americans are finally coming to the conclusion that bigger isn't better. The average new home size in America peaked at 2,479 square feet in 2007, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). Since then, the trend has started to reverse. In 2010, real estate research firm Trulia found that the median "ideal home size" for Americans had declined to around 2,100 square feet, and a third of survey respondents reported that their preference was less than 2,000 square feet.
Two thousand square feet is still a more than comfortable am ount of space, but there's a growing interest in going smaller—much smaller. In July 2014, A&E Network will launch a new series called "Tiny House Nation" that will feature small dwellings ranging from micro-apartments in Manhattan to row homes in Savannah, all less than 300 square feet. The new show, along with the many books, blogs and magazine articles, confirms the health of the small-house movement—a return to houses less than 1,000 square feet—that started in the late '90s. It gained traction during the Great Recession of 2008, with more homeowners looking for housing that was more affordable, easier to maintain and eco-friendly. Today, Millennials are feeding the trend with their taste for compact urban living, including micro-apartments no larger than a dorm room. And as Baby Boomers retire and downsize, expect even more interest in small.
But small homes don't have to mean small lifestyles. Whether designing or retrofitting a 1,000-square-foot condo or a 300-square-foot micro-dwelling, the key is to pack in greater functionality, using every available cubic inch. The slideshow below showcases a number of concepts and strategies: built-ins, niches, items (and even entire rooms) that cleverly collapse, hide away or transform into something else altogether. Not only are these ideas practical, they're fun, and hold the potential to make a small space fee.
Optimizing Square Footage When designing, building or retrofitting small spaces, look for ways to shrink the footprint of every feature. For example, utilizing pocket doors, which slide into the wall when not in use, saves space in the kitchen and other high traffic areas. Traditional swinging doors occupy up to 14 square feet and dictate furniture placement, whereas a pocket door takes up none. Another space saver is the spiral staircase. A conventional straight-run staircase takes up about 30 square feet of a home's area; in contrast, a spiral staircase takes up from 9 to 16 square feet. Just be aware, spiral staircases must be of minimum diameter to meet building codes. Built-ins are a classic strategy for optimizing small spaces. While it's easy to design these into new buildings, ready-made nooks and cabinets can make it easier to integrate these features when remodeling.
Pocket doors are an effective, easy way to reduce a home's carbon footprint. They allow builders, remodelers and architects to design smaller, more energy-efficient spaces, which require fewer building materials and generate lower energy bills.
Pocket doors require no square footage, whereas a swing door takes up to 14 square feet. In theory, replacing a dozen swinging doors with pocket doors could potentially reduce a home's footprint by 120 square feet. That's less to build, and less to heat and cool. Assuming a value calculation of $150/square foot, the saved space could shave up to $18,000 from the build cost.
Doorways that incorporate converging pocket doors offer flexibility and enhanced traffic flow. For example, opening both doors seemingly creates one large room from two. When not in use, rooms can be sectioned off to save on heating and cooling costs.
Pocket doors also offer benefits for aging in place, as they are easier to access by those who use a wheelchair or a walker to assist with mobility. While a swinging door can be difficult to maneuver around, a pocket door that glides easily into the inside of the wall offers no obstacle.
Double Duty Taking advantage of unique storage options and assigning items with dual functions can make small homes can feel larger. For ideas, take a cue from boats, which by necessity do this especially well. Storage is built in under bunks and benches. Tables collapse and expand. A panel slides over the stove, expanding counter space. The spaces under stairs and beds can be cleverly designed to maximize storage. Incorporating some of these concepts will make even the tiniest micro-unit almost seaworthy.
Collapsible Features When you think about it, many features in the typical home are only used part of the day. Wouldn't it make sense to tuck, fold or collapse these things away when not in use? Murphy beds—beds that fold up onto the wall—have long been a staple in space-conscious homes. Today's versions are not only convenient, they're stylish and green. Other designers have taken this concept a step further, creating entire bedrooms that stow away when not in use. Not surprisingly, many of these concepts are originating in European and Asian cities, where space has been at a premium for a long time.
Transforming Furniture Going along with the concept of foldable and collapsible features is the notion of transforming furniture: Tables that change in size and height, or that transform into sofas or double as artwork. The whimsical qualities of these pieces appeal to our more playful natures, but they're also highly practical, especially in space-starved micro-apartments or rooms that serve double duty as offices and guest rooms.
As the trend toward smaller homes and dwelling spaces grows, designers will introduce even more concepts that maximize space and lifestyle. Since 2003, Electrolux has sponsored a global competition called Design Lab, inviting students to present innovative ideas for future households. Matthew Gilbride created the Elements Modular Kitchen for the 2010 contest, the theme of which was the "2nd Space Age." These modular wall-mounted units can theoretically function as refrigerator, stove, air-conditioner and/or lighting, and can be easily rearranged or reconfigured. The adaptable modules in the Elements Modular Kitchen could be customized for any space, including tiny micro-apartments. The units would be wirelessly connected to each other, and powered via wireless technology applied to the wall, supplemented with solar energy. Incidentally, Gilbride's concept won third place in that year's contest, which also featured a robotic tetrapod vacuum cleaner, personal 3D clothing printer and portable washing machine drum.
© 2020, Green Builder Media. All rights reserved. This article is the exclusive property of Green Builder Media. If you would like to reprint this content, you are free to extract a short excerpt (no more than 1/4th of the total article), as long as you 1. credit the author, and 2. include a live link back to the original post on our site. Please contact a member of our editorial staff if you need more information.
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August 16, 2017 Sarah Raynsford is a Diamond Dancer!!!! Pictured here with dance test partner and former Canadian Dance Champion Mitch Islam. Congratulations Sarah! We are so proud of you.
Lennea Nelson, formerly of the Saugeen Shores Skating Club has been travelling the world for a few years with Disney on Ice. She has been to Austria, Thailand, Indonesia, St. Louis, Montreal, Singapore and Australia and more...and that is in just one year! Congratulations Lennea!
Dan Seymour & Lauren Collins win Novice Dance Canadian Championships!
Dan Seymour started skating at the Saugeen Shores Skating Club in the Canskate Program. He and his partner Lauren Collins who trained at the Mariposa Skating Club in Barrie won the Novice Ice Dance Event at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 2012.


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Tag: Arkansas Works
by Steve Brawner - April 30, 2019 5:09 am
Study: Arkansas' western counties have higher uninsured rates
Counties along the state's western edge had higher uninsured rates among the population served by Arkansas Works than the rest of the state in 2017. Eight of the state's nine…
by Steve Brawner - April 15, 2019 5:05 pm
Arkansas Works numbers show 1.8% rise
The number of people served by the state's Arkansas Works program increased by 4,215 from March 1 to April 1. The state's Department of Human Services reported Monday (April 15)…
Governor says DOJ appealing Arkansas Works decision
The U.S. Department of Justice has filed a notice of appeal with the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals regarding a federal judge's decision to terminate the work requirement for Arkansas…
by Wesley Brown - April 2, 2019 4:00 pm
Arkansas House approves $8.1 billion state Medicaid expansion budget on second chance
In a marginless vote of 75-18, the Arkansas House on Tuesday (April 2) approved the $8.1 billion appropriations for the state's Medicaid expansion program and other state Department of Human…
by Roby Brock - March 31, 2019 10:15 am
DHS Director expects Arkansas Works to go to Supreme Court, waiver redesign coming in 2020
Arkansas Department of Human Services director Cindy Gillespie expects the appeal of a court ruling on Arkansas Works to reach the U.S. Supreme Court, and during that process, the state…
by Wesley Brown - March 29, 2019 12:53 pm
Arkansas House firmly rejects $8.1 billion DHS Medicaid budget following federal ruling
The Arkansas House of Representatives on Friday (March 29) soundly rejected the $8.1 billion budget for the state's Medicaid expansion program and other Department of Human Services priorities only two…
by Steve Brawner - March 28, 2019 1:15 pm
Governor urges appeal on Arkansas Works ruling; House to vote on funding Friday
Gov. Asa Hutchinson is urging the Trump administration to pursue an expedited appeal of a U.S. district judge's decision nullifying the Arkansas Works work requirement, while the Speaker of the…
by Talk Business & Politics staff - March 27, 2019 4:23 pm
Arkansas Works 'work requirement' struck down by federal judge (Updated)
Editor's note: Updated with changes and additions throughout. A U.S. district judge struck down the Arkansas Works work requirement Wednesday, March 27, ruling that the secretary of Health and Human…
Governor says CALS will help with Arkansas Works compliance
Gov. Asa Hutchinson announced a new partnership with the Central Arkansas Library System to help Arkansas Works recipients comply with their work requirement Tuesday (March 26) – the same week…
DHS: 6,472 have not met Arkansas Works rule for two months
More than 13,000 recipients of the state's Arkansas Works program did not meet its work requirement in February, while 6,472 recipients could lose their benefits if they fail to meet…
by Steve Brawner - February 15, 2019 2:33 pm
Almost 9,000 fail to comply with Arkansas Works work requirement in January
Almost 9,000 Arkansas Works recipients did not meet work requirements in January, meaning they could lose their benefits if they fail to comply two more months in 2019. The Arkansas…
by Steve Brawner - January 15, 2019 5:13 pm
Year ends with 18,164 removed by Arkansas Works work policy
Another 1,232 Arkansas Works cases were closed in December because recipients failed to comply with the program's work requirement, bringing the total to 18,164 since the requirement took effect in…
by Steve Brawner - December 17, 2018 2:05 pm
Arkansas Works drops another 4,655 because of work requirement (UPDATED)
Another 4,655 Arkansas Works recipients did not comply with reporting requirements in November and were removed from enrollment, the Department of Human Services announced Monday (Dec. 17). The addition brings…
DHS adds telephone helpline for Arkansas Works requirement
Arkansas Works recipients who are subject to a work requirement will be able to call a new helpline from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. seven days a week, the Department…
by Steve Brawner - October 15, 2018 12:07 pm
Arkansas Works' rolls cut by another 4,109 because of work mandate
Another 4,109 former beneficiaries of the Arkansas Works program have been removed from the program for failing to comply with its work and community engagement requirement, after 4,353 were removed…
by Steve Brawner - September 12, 2018 8:40 pm
Governor: Work mandate removes 4,353 from Arkansas Works
The state is removing 4,353 individuals from the Arkansas Works health insurance program for failing to report they were complying with its work requirement, although Gov. Asa Hutchinson said Wednesday…
by Steve Brawner - September 6, 2018 11:15 am
More than 4,500 Arkansans could lose health coverage for failing to report work
More than 4,500 beneficiaries of the state's Arkansas Works program were in danger of losing their health insurance Saturday, although the state's Department of Human Services said the final numbers…
by Steve Brawner - August 14, 2018 9:27 pm
Three file federal suit against Arkansas Works work requirements
Three Arkansans have filed suit in U.S. District Court against the new work requirements associated with the Arkansas Works Medicaid expansion program. The suit says the federal executive branch bypassed…
by Steve Brawner - July 14, 2018 7:00 am
More than 7,000 fail to satisfy Arkansas Works requirement in first month
More than 7,000 of the 279,602 Arkansans benefiting from the state's Arkansas Works program did not satisfy its work requirement in June. They face losing coverage if they continue to…
by Steve Brawner - July 3, 2018 2:53 pm
Governor: Kentucky work ruling doesn't affect Arkansas Works
Arkansas is continuing to implement work requirements for Arkansas Works beneficiaries while similar requirements were struck down by a federal judge in Kentucky. Gov. Asa Hutchinson said in an interview…

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Why Choose AmeriSpec Home Inspections of Brampton, Guelph & Waterloo Region?
If you're buying a home in Kitchener, Waterloo, Cambridge, Brampton or the Guelph area, it's important to find a home inspector who can deliver on-time, detailed, accurate and professional home inspections and reports. A home inspection examines the home's mechanical systems, and interior and exterior components. Our inspection report will ensure that you are a fully informed homebuyer and can move forward with your home purchase with peace of mind.
AmeriSpec Home Inspection Services provides home inspections and related services to Brampton, Guelph, Kitchener, Waterloo, New Hamburg, Cambridge, Fergus, Elora, Rockwood, Acton, and Erin.


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Personalities and Profiles
Kwasi Wiredu
Kwasi Wiredu is one of the foremost African philosopher and intellectual in the field. One of Wiredu's most prominent discussions revolves around the Akan concept of personhood. He believe this traditional framework hosts a two part conception of a person. First, and most intuitive to Western conceptions of persons, is the ontological dimension. This includes one's biological constitution. Further, Wiredu states that the second dimension, the normative conception of personhood, is based on one's ability to will freely. One's ability to will freely is dependent on one's ethical considerations.
Kwasi Wiredu is one of the foremost African philosopher and intellectual in the field. He is currently a distinguished professor of philosophy at university of South Florida , Tampa , where he has taught since 1987.
He was born in Kumasi, Ghana in 1931 and attended Adisadel Secondary School from 1948 to 1952. It was during this period that he discovered philosophy, through Plato (which weaned him from his interest in Practical Psychology) and Bertrand Russell, and he gained a place at the University of Ghana, Legon. After graduating in 1958 with a degree in philosophy, he went on to Oxford.
At Oxford, Wiredu wrote a thesis on "Knowledge, Truth, and Reason." Upon graduating in 1960 he was appointed to a teaching post at the University College of North Staffordshire (now the University of Keele), where he stayed for a year. He then returned to Ghana, where he accepted a post teaching philosophy for his old university. He remained at the University of Ghana for twenty-three years, during which time he became first Head of Department and then Professor.
Wiredu has held visiting professorships at the University of California, Los Angeles (1979-1980), University of Ibadan , Nigeria (1984) University of Richmond , Virginia (N.E.H. Distinguished Professor, Spring 1985), Carleton College , Minnesota (Donald J. Cowling Visiting Professor, Fall 1986) and Duke University , North Carolina (1994-95 and 1999-2001). He has also held fellowships at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1985) and the National Humanities Center, North Carolina (Spring 1986).
He was a member of the Committee of Directors of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies from 1983 to 1998. He has also been a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1985) and the National Humanities Center, North Carolina (1986). Also, he is the Vice-President of the Inter-African Council for Philosophy, and has been recently become Professor Emeritus at the University of South Florida.
One of Wiredu's most prominent discussions revolves around the Akan concept of personhood. He believe this traditional framework hosts a two part conception of a person. First, and most intuitive to Western conceptions of persons, is the ontological dimension. This includes one's biological constitution. Further, Wiredu states that the second dimension, the normative conception of personhood, is based on one's ability to will freely. One's ability to will freely is dependent on one's ethical considerations. One can be said to have free will if one has a high regard to ethical responsibilities. This then designates a person to become a person. One is not born a person but becomes one through events and experiences that lead one to act ethically. This differs from the Western conception of personhood in that people, in Akan traditional thought, are not born a willed being.
He has published articles in Logic, Epistemology and African Philosophy and has written entries in encyclopedias and anthologies. His book Philosophy and an African Culture was published by Cambridge University Press in 1980. Person and Community: Ghanaian Philosophical Studies was jointly edited by him and Kwame Gyekye and published in 1992 by the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, New York . His Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press) appeared in 1996. He also edited A Companion to African Philosophy, published by Blackwell in 2004. Kwasi Wiredu was a member of the Committee of Directors of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies from 1983-1998.
His study of the still influential colonial accounts of African thought has led him to raise some fundamental questions about philosophy and culture and, in particular, about the philosophical conditions of inter-cultural dialogue. Investigation encounters intersections with epistemological and ethical issues.


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Watch Tom Keifer's Video for New Song 'Rise'
Martin Kielty Published: September 13, 2019
Former Cinderella singer Tom Keifer has released a video for the new song "Rise," the title track from his current group #keiferband's album, which is out today.
The song was co-written with Keifer's wife, Savannah, and country artists Thompson Square. The singer called the track an "uplifting, spiritual" piece.
You can watch the video below.
"I've never had such a strong reaction to an unreleased song before," he told Billboard in a new interview. "I think it's because people hear the lyric and connect with it. ... People can relate to it. Life is never going to be without challenges, whether small daily ones or long-term ones that last months or years, and we hope this song inspires people to be able to ride that roller coaster and overcome the lows and enjoy the highs."
Elsewhere in the interview, Keifer discussed the rigorous training regime he undertook to deal with partial vocal-cord paralysis that began in the '90s.
"I was told I'd never sing again," he recalled. "There's no medical treatment for it. The only prayer of regaining my voice was to train it and strengthen the weak side. It was an opera technique that got me back on track, and now my voice is really strong again. The vocal styling [now] is as intense as the early days of Cinderella."
He also explained why his solo band continued to play Cinderella material. "The stamp of my voice and guitar style is pretty much on anything I perform as an artist," he said. "It's just there. [The songs are] a part of me. I love those songs. I was in Cinderella for 30 years, so it's very important to me."
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University Emblem and Mission Statement
Academic Calendar 2019–2020
Hong Kong Baptist University Ordinance
Hong Kong Baptist University Statutes
Governing Bodies and Committees
Council Committees/Board
Standing Committees of the Senate
Presidents Emeritus and Professors Emeritus
Graduates Honoris Causa
Honorary University Fellows
Admission of Students
General Entrance Requirements for Undergraduate Programmes
Self-funded Undergraduate Programme Admissions Requirements 2019–2020
Taught Postgraduate Programmes Admission Requirements
Research Postgraduate Programmes Admission Requirements
Undergraduate Degree Programmes
Professional Doctorate Degree/Taught Postgraduate Degree/Diploma/Certificate Programmes
Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Degree
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree
Academic Units and Academic Programmes
School of Chinese Medicine
Tuition Fees/Programme Fees
Administrative and Supporting Offices
Campus Internationalisation
Mainland Institutes and Offices
Advisory Committee on Graduate Employment
University Calendar 2019–2020
Other Fees (denoted in HK$)
Supplementary Language Course Fees/Deposit
1. Chinese and English $400
2. Putonghua $600
1. Undergraduate programmes
- local students $350
- non-local students $450
2. Postgraduate programmes
3. Sub-degree programmes $300
For HKBU award sub-degree programmes offered by SCE and CIE:
Associate Degree/Higher Diploma programmes
1. Study abroad programmes 10% of tuition fee
2. International students (other than study abroad programmes) 10% of tuition fee
3. Exchange students (excluding student visa and courier fee) $1,200
4. Credit card payments by payment amount
a) $1–$10,000
b) $10,001–$20,000
c) $20,001–$30,000
d) $30,001–$40,000
e) $40,001–$50,000
f) $50,001–$60,000
g) $60,001–$70,000
h) $70,001–$80,000
i) $80,001–$90,000
j) $90,001–$100,000
5. Telegraphic transfer payments $300
6. Student visa and courier fee $550
7. Refund of admission confirmation fee
a) Taught postgraduate, Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate $5,000
b) Research postgraduate $5,000
8. Reinstatement fee for student status $400
A deposit of $300 for postgraduate and undergraduate students will be payable by a student on first registration and will be refunded only when a student has completed at least one academic year and withdraws officially or graduates from the University, less deduction, if any, made by the University for outstanding debts (e.g. library book fines, late charges) not previously settled. However, there will be no refund for students who fail to complete the procedures for official withdrawal before the deadline set by the University. Special part-time undergraduate students will also be required to pay a deposit of $300 on registration. The full amount of deposit or the balance left after making any deduction as appropriate will be refunded only when the student has completed the units for which he/she has enrolled. If a student leaves the University before the completion of the unit(s) enrolled, no refund will be made.
Graduation Fee (exclusive of regalia rental)
A graduation fee of $300 for postgraduate and undergraduate students will be payable on approval for graduation. Please note that this fee applies whether or not graduates plan to attend the Commencement ceremony and it is in addition to the regalia rental fee. In accordance with the practice of the University, the full amount or the balance of the deposit paid on first registration will be used to set off against the graduation fee. Where the balance is insufficient to set off against the entire $300, a student must pay the difference before the official diploma would be issued.
Testimonial Fees
1. Normal issuance of testimonal $50/copy
2. Testimonial for loss of diploma $120/copy
3. Courier service for overseas delivery of a testimonial (for postgraduate programmes only)
a) PRC – Guangdong Province $150/delivery
b) PRC – other than Guangdong Province $250/delivery
c) Rest of the world $280/delivery
Transcript Fees
1. A transcript fee of $70 per copy will be payable upon application for the issuance of an official transcript and will not be refunded.
2. The fee for a transcript (student copy) is $50 per copy.
3. Courier service for overseas delivery of a transcript (for postgraduate programmes only)
a) PRC—Guangdong Province $150/delivery
b) PRC—other than Guangdong Province $250/delivery
Continuation Fee
1. Research postgraduate students $650
2. Undergraduate students $300/semester
1. Examination fee for research postgraduate degree examination $2,000
2. Invigilation fee $250/hour
1. Appeal against academic decision $200
2. Certification service $50/copy
3. Certification of tuition fee payments $50
4. Xeroxing service $5/page
Replacement Charge
1. Student card $100
2. Parking permit $100
3. Electronic tag/card for campus parking $200
4. Electronic key card for Learning Commons/Student Amenities $150
5. Issuance of replacement diploma $600
Late Charges
Charges will be levied on and will be payable by students upon being given approval to complete certain University required procedures after the stipulated deadlines:
For delay of tuition fee payment:
A student who has not paid the required tuition fees by the due date, or by a later date for which the permission of the Director of Finance has been obtained in advance, will be charged a penalty of $300. Thereafter, the student will be considered as unofficially withdrawn and must obtain the permission from the Academic Registrar/Dean of Graduate School or designate for re-admission. All applications for deferred payment should be made online before the due date shown on the tuition fee debit note.
For late return of borrowed items from the Library:
A student who returns borrowed items after their due date for return will have to pay a fine in accordance with the Library Regulations in force.
For late completion of official withdrawal:
A penalty will be charged to and payable upon approval for a student who completes the official withdrawal after leaving the University:
a) For one month to one year $200
b) For more than one year $400
For late return of materials borrowed from Language Learning Oasis:
a) Overdue fine for 1 to 6 days $1/day
b) Overdue fine for 7 to 37 days* $3/day
c) Overdue fine for over 37 days** $99 plus full replacement
costs of borrowed materials
* Including fines of $1/day for the first 6 days, thereafter $3/day.
** If the borrowed material is overdue by more than 37 days, it is assumed to be lost. The fine will include the overdue fine of $99 for 37 days plus the full replacement costs of the borrowed material.
1. Opening locker $20
2. Loss of tuition pay-in slip $20
3. Late penalty charge for rejected or delayed payment by bank auto-pay $100
4. Unclamping charge for vehicle impounded
a) Unclamping charge $320
b) Storage charge (after the first day) $320/day
Locker Fees
1. Rental for steel locker
a) 65 cm × 42.6 cm × 28 cm $50/year
b) 90 cm × 51.5 cm × 30 cm $50/year
2. Penalty for not returning locker/illegal occupancy $100
Medical Consultation Fee
A fee of $20 per visit will be payable by students who go to the Health Services Centre for treatment.
Campus Parking Fees
1. Type I
(for full-time students with proven physical disability that requires him/her to drive to the campus)
a) Period of 1 September to 31 August $1,200
b) Period of 1 December to 31 August $900
c) Period of 1 March to 31 August $600
d) Period of 1 June to 31 August $300
2. Type III $150/month
(for postgraduate students or part-time evening students of other courses/programmes from 5:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on weekdays and during the opening hours of the carparks on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays)
3. Additional electronic tag/card for campus parking $200
4. Additional holder of electronic tag $30
1. Administration fee $150/request
2. Photocopying fee $5/page
Administration Fee for Usage of University Sports Facilities
1. Application fee/deposit for fitness room certificate
(refundable if applicant collects certificate within 1 month of issuance) $100
2. Loss of locker key $50/locker


What you need to know about forehead lift surgery / brow lift.
What is a Forehead /Brow lift ?
A cosmetic process to correct drooping of the forehead skin, eyebrows, and upper eyelids.
The effects of aging are inevitable and often the brow area and forehead will show the initial signs. Usually, the skin starts to lose its elasticity. Wind, pull of gravity and sun, all of this take an effect to the face providing in frown lines, increased heaviness on the eyebrows, and wrinkling across the forehead.
Even people in their early thirties, may suffer from these forehead wrinkles. As a result, a lot of people have now appreciated this lifting procedure.
Based in variations in how women and men age, and on fresh innovations in medical technology, different approaches are used to carry out this procedure. If you have concerns on how a forehead lift (Brow lift) can improve your looks, then you must know how this process is performed and what to look forward to. This article will address various concerns, and offer you the info you need before you begin considering this surgery.
Who should have a brow lift ?
A person who notices that he or she has heavy or droopy brows, which create-hooding at the superficial part of the eye, is an outstanding candidate. A man's brows ought to be at the bony ridge, while a woman's brows should sit above the bony-orbital rim.
If the eyes appear tired, brows look-droopy, or are palpated in a lower spot when the eyes are closed, this procedure is ideal for you. However, a patient who desires to have his brow lift, should overall be of good health, and have reasonable expectations.
In this procedure, an incision known as coronal incision is made starting at the ear level, up to the top of the forehead extending to the other ear. The surgeon then cautiously lifts the forehead skin, removing any glut fat and tissue; and if necessary, repositions the muscles. During this process, the eyebrows may also be realigned at a higher level, and any glut skin is trimmed.
The difference between classic procedure and the endoscopic procedure is the size or magnitude of the incision. With the endoscopic procedure, the surgeon makes about five short scalp incisions, which are less than an inch long. Through one of the incisions, an endoscope is inserted, allowing the doctor to see the tissues and muscles underneath. The surgeon in a different incision inserts another device, which lifts the skin. Similar to the classic lift procedure, the eyebrows might also be realigned at a higher level.
Whether you are having this procedure for cosmetic or functional reasons, your choice of a competent facial plastic surgeon is of top importance. You should also know precisely what you wish to correct about the existing appearance of your forehead. During the consultation with your surgeon, he will examine your structure, your hairline, and condition of the skin in order to come to a decision, where incision should be made.
Your medical history is also scrutinized, so that he can reflect on any medical conditions, which may heighten effects of the procedure. A detailed explanation of the process will also touch on the risks involved.
After the resolution to proceed with the procedure is made, the surgeon will give you any necessary information on how to maintain yourself before the day of the surgery. The procedure can take place in a hospital, at a surgeon's office, or in an outpatient surgery room. Your surgery will not last overnight as many people may think. Contrary, it usually takes about three hours, though this may extend due to some reasons.
You may be required to come along with a companion to drive you home after the procedure. It is also necessary that, the person stay with you for the first two days, just in case.
To most people, doctors employ a general anesthesia before undertaking this procedure. After the surgery, the doctor will cover the lifted area with a soft, uncontaminated bandage.
It is very imperative to follow the directives on how to behave, in regards to bandage protection, and how clean you should keep the operated part.
As earlier mentioned, people should not confuse this operation with those complex and advanced procedures. The patient will then receive a general anesthesia to curb pain, or a combination-of other anesthesia whichever necessary. Most lift operations are carried out under local anesthesia, in combination with a downer to make you drowsy. The good thing is that, you will be awake but relaxed and most importantly your face will not be sensitive to pain.
However, one may feel some occasional discomfort or tugging. Some surgeons may opt for general anesthesia, which will make you sleep throughout the operation.
The incision is generally made behind the hairline. The number and length of incision will strongly rely upon your facial features. If your hairline is receding or high, the incision might be positioned just at the hairline. The forehead skin is lifted, the causal tissue is removed, and the forehead muscles are altered or released. In this case, the eyebrows may as well be elevated. The incision is closed with clips or stitches. An elastic bandage or gauze will cover the part where the incision has been made. After this, you may be ready to go home; however, it is advisable after the surgery, to be in company of someone who will watch over you during this short period of recovery.
When will the stitches or clips be removed?
If your surgeon used the traditional approach of lifting the forehead, then the stitches can be removed after two weeks. However, for the endoscopic approach, the stitches can be removed after a week.
What are Some of the Facts I Need to Know about this Procedure?
Are performed in a surgery centre in about two hours. However, this time may increase due to facial structures and requirements of the patient.
Keep the-brows in their original or natural shape.
Ointment for the incision part – This should be the one, which your surgeon has prescribed or recommended.
There is tightness in their forehead for a few-days after the surgery.
Some may suffer from a mild-headache for one or two days after the operation. However, this may be an insignificant pain.
Patients can style their-hair few days, specifically two days, after the surgery. The hair incisions are sometimes invisible even few days after postoperative period.
Most patients take some few days off from work, and can recommence their typical jobs two weeks after the operation.
Sensation loss – With classic forehead lift – brow lift, the loss of sensation is common around the incision. Though it is usually temporary, sometimes it can be permanent.
Eyebrow movement problems – Also very rare ; this is due to an injury to the nerves, which control the eyebrow movements. As a result, this can cause a reduction of ability to create wrinkles on the forehead, or raising the eyebrows. Surgery however, may be necessary to revert, this situation.
Complications during the procedure – For an endoscopic forehead lift /brow lift, there is always a slight possibility of complications arising causing the doctor or surgeon to change techniques, and opt for a classic brow lift. Unfortunately, this can result to an extensive scar, hence a longer period of recovery.
Your recuperation is going to differ depending on the surgery method used. In either situation, your stitches will need to be removed after few days. For about two days after the surgery, one should keep their head elevated to lighten the swelling. The surgeon may also advice you to keep cold compresses on the lifted forehead. As earlier stated, most patients heal fully within two weeks and return to their daily occupations. In addition, you should also stay away from vigorous exercises, heavy lifting, or any other demanding activities during the first few days after surgery.
Contact your surgeon immediately, if you notice your fever raising more than it should be. If you experience excessive swelling, or bleeding, contact your doctor as well.
To help maintain your revitalized appearance, avoid excess exposure to the sun. In addition, maintaining a healthy life will also assist in improving the results of your newfound youthful appearance.
Does Insurance Cover brow lift Operations?
There is no insurance firm that covers facial and forehead surgeries because they are largely intended for cosmetic reason. You are covered or compensated for an eyelid surgery or forehead lift only, if there is evidence of eyelids impairing your ability to see, or any other medical circumstance that requires these kinds of surgeries.
It is imperative that you get price quotes or fees in writing from your doctor's office, so that you are aware of charges in case of any follow-up care.
It is important not to rush in getting an operation because others are doing it. People will do it for various reasons, and yours might not be substantial enough to demand a forehead lift. Discuss your options with your surgeon, who is better placed to advise you on how to go about the process. Before going for the operation, confer with the surgeon, what you really expect to gain from the procedure and the results you will practically achieve.
In addition, before considering this operation, you need to be fit or in good health – if possible a non-smoker, or prepared to halt smoking for a specific period before, and after the procedure. You must have a realistic, positive approach to your surgery.
Remember, this surgery can only be effective on specific parts of your face; that is the forehead. You may have other complimentary operations in conjunction with the lift to rejuvenate the whole face.
The pre-operative sessions along with the following weeks before the operation are very significant, if you want the procedure to be successful. You really need this period to prepare yourself both physically and emotionally. Be clear and honest with your surgeon about your expectations. At least from the beginning, the surgeon can advice you if the expectations are realistic or unattainable.
After everything is in place and all is done, you are guaranteed of a new look. At least for a number of years, there will be no deep furrows, sagging forehead and wrinkles on your forehead.


Suppose we have a function of a variable \(t\), \(x(t)\), which consists of multiple connected line segments.
What if we wanted to make a version of this curve with the jagged edges smoothed out? This is fairly easy to do using a digital filter. Define the smoothed function, \(y\), in the following way.
If we discretize \(t\), the \(k\) subscript denotes the present iteration, and the \(k-1\) subscript denotes the previous iteration. The equation above is known as an "infinite impulse response" (IIR) filter, because the present filter output is a function of the previous output, and so on, and so on.....The filter will take infinitely many iterations to fully catch up to any step change in the input.
The present value of \(y\) ( the smoothed version of \(x\)), is equal to a weighted sum of the previous value of \(y\) and the present value of \(x\). Thus, by tweaking the value of the "inertia constant" \(\alpha\), we can dictate how fast the value of \(y\) can change, and thus, how much smoothing we get.
As an extreme case, suppose \(\alpha = 1\). This would mean that \(y\) would be frozen at a static value forever (infinite inertia). For \(\alpha = 0\), the smoothed and un-smoothed curves are exactly equal, corresponding to zero inertia.
Some graphs for intermediate values of \(\alpha\) are shown below. The third one is particularly reminiscent of the Fourier series. We could create a saw-tooth wave by summing up sine waves with various frequencies (from low to high). By increasing the inertia, we essentially implement a low-pass filter which removes the higher harmonics from the saw-tooth, revealing lower-frequency sinusoids.


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← Clothel by William Wells Brown
The View from Here: Books from the Netherlands →
The Alone to the Alone by Gwyn Thomas
It would be hard to read Gwyn Thomas' 1947 novel The Alone to the Alone and not admire his ability to conjure up phrases and sentences that dazzle with the kind of wit that can be biting and savage one moment and warm and endearing in another. This is a novel that displays his trademark prowess with language to the full and in which there is scarcely a page that doesn't ooze with black comic hyperbole.
And yet this isn't meant to be a novel purely of entertaining comedy. Thomas crafted it to illuminate the experience of life in the coal mining communities of South Wales during the grinding poverty of the 1930s. Set in a village community he calls simply The Terraces (a reference to the layout of housing in this part of Wales), the novel features the adventures of group known as The Dark Philosophers. They're four unemployed men who have nothing else to do but to sit on a wall each day to chew the fat. There are few subjects upon which they don't have an opinion: religion, imperialism, the profit motive, socialism; heredity and the vexed issue of Jonah and the whale are all topics upon which they feel equipped to pontificate. But love? Ah that's a different matter.
When a plain village girl called Eurona seeks their guidance on how to win the attention of the village idol (otherwise known as Rollo the bus conductor), they're both dismayed and stumped.
That pricked us for we were proud of the little stocks of wisdom that life had battered into us with its bare knuckles. …. we were prophets of a sort whenever the discussion was about things of which experience and book reading had taught us much, particularly in discussions about the Slump. We were the oldest sons so to speak of the Slump…
Even so, they rally around when Eurona gets a job as a domestic help outside of The Terraces and needs new clothes "because wealthy folk who hire other folk to do their dirty work are kept so busy organising a cleaner world that they have no time for anything other than first impressions."
Terraced housing typical of the Welsh valleys
Their attempts to help and to put her life back on track lead invariably to confusion and some magnificent set pieces including one when these philosophical giants end up plastering every conceivable wall and lamppost with advertising posters for a grocer with aspirations to build a whole chain of stores throughout the valleys. As they rest in the midst of their labours one afternoon a purplish, glowing path materialises around the corner: Eurona's father proudly parading in a new suit and bowler hat many sizes too big.
It must, without any need for tape measure or question, have been the biggest bowler in the Terraces. … His ears appeared to be closing in on him for they were large and made larger by the fact that when Morris was baffled beyond endurance, he had two of his children take one ear apiece and pull to make room with his skull even for the small simple thoughts that ached to have done with him as they tripped headlong in the narrow alleys of his prickly awareness. To fix the bowler at a point above his eyes he had stuffed several sheets of newspaper into it. This stuffing had been done in haste and clumsily. One strand with a legible headline about the birthrate came down over his brow as if to provide him with some quiet reading in the intervals of being admired and fainting from the strain of holding up on so slight a head a hat of such weight and size.
Such moments of humour offset the depth of Thomas' satirical take on the limits of human aspiration in a society so deeply deprived that beauty itself has been suffocated. For as one of Thomas' philosophers comments: …."when men consent to endure for too long the sadness of poverty and decline, beauty sees no point in staying, bows its head and goes."
Gwyn Thomas was himself a native of the kind of valleys community featured in The Alone to the Alone. Born the youngest of 12 children to a coalminer, he managed to escape a life underground as a coal miner with the aid of a scholarship to study Spanish at Oxford University. Struggling to establish himself as a writer in the 1930s, he began teaching and lecturing. Success did not come until the early 1950s after which time he became a regular chat show participant and broadcaster.
Posted on February 25, 2014, in Book Reviews and tagged Gwyn Thomas, Welsh authors. Bookmark the permalink.	14 Comments.
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Alex | February 26, 2014 at 5:49 pm
I don't know the writer at all. I'm trying to place him as a broadcaster but not having any success with that either. But this sounds wonderful. Rollo the bus conductor could almost come out of Dickens – or Alan Bennett.
BookerTalk | February 26, 2014 at 9:32 pm
Rollo is definitely a magnificently over the top character – I just loved the idea that the dream hunk in town is a bus conductor who wears golfing trousers (I think they must be plus fours). If you want a taste of Gwyn Thomas the orator, listen to his eulogy at the memorial to the Aberfan disaster. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gyb8ZBkcrU
Stefanie | February 26, 2014 at 5:05 pm
Sounds like a charming yet a bit gritty sort of book. I've never heard of the author before. Thanks for introducing me!
If you get to read him Stefanie, I'll be interested whether he 'translates' to someone from outside the communities about which he writes.
berita | February 26, 2014 at 3:03 pm
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Just wanted to say I love reading tɦrough your blog and look forward to all your posts!
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Candiss | February 25, 2014 at 11:25 pm
This sounds really good! I'd never heard of this author. Thanks for introducing me. 🙂
I've been introduced to so many new authors by other bloggers so I'm happy to turn the tables for once Candiss.
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Sahuaro High School 1998 Girls Basketball Team
The 1997-98 Sahuaro High School girls basketball team was an extraordinary group of young women. They were highly focused, team-oriented and unified in purpose. The team was "born'' after a close and heartbreaking loss in the quarterfinals of the 1997 state championship tournament. Many of the players had one more year of high school and saw great potential in the 1997-98 season.
Head coach Jim Scott knew the formula; his '93 Sahuaro team had gone 28-4 to win his first state championship.
The pursuit of the '98 state championship began in the summer of 1997. They participated in camps and summer leagues and traveled to Phoenix and California to play elite competition. After losing only two games that summer, the Cougars, coached by Jim Scott, felt they were fully battle-tested and prepared for an epic '98 season.
Sahuaro was ranked No. 3 in Class 4A entering the season. They opened 10-0, which included the championship of the Flowing Wells Invitational, in which the Cougars beat teams ranked Nos. 1 and 5 in the Class 5A classification.
As a result, Sahuaro climbed to No. 1 in the state rankings, a position it held the rest of the season.
Sahuaro's only loss of the season was against the 1997 state champion Catalina Foothills Falcons, on the road in front of a large and boisterous crowd, 53-49. Foothills was ranked No. 2.
However, the Cougars gained revenge a few weeks later, routing Foothills 55-27 and winning the Sonoran Region title. In a rubber match, Sahuaro again defeated Foothills 66-38, claiming the No. 1 seed for the state tournament.
Sahuaro was dominant in the state championships, defeating Flagstaff Coconino 70-41, followed by a 73-29 win over Glendale Cactus in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, Scott's team beat Prescott 48-34.
Matched against No. 2 Scottsdale Saguaro in the finals, the Cougars were superb. They won going away, 57-35 to finish the season 30-1.
Sahuaro's 1998 state championship team was so good that it had three players picked to the Arizona Daily Star's All-City first team: Katie Bruns, Kelli Glowacka and Nicole Nelson. The second team included three more Cougars: Kate Gonzalez, Kristina Henry and Lovie Mathis. Two more key contributors, Renee Chamberlain and Jamie Konigsfeld, were listed as honorable mention all-stars.
"We were very deep and had so many reliable contributors,'' said Scott. It was a pleasure to coach these young women."


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//! \addtogroup aonrtc_api
//! @{
//! \section sec_aonrtc Introduction
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//! \note If using TI-RTOS then only TI-RTOS is allowed to configure the RTC timer!
//! @}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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U.S. scales back mad cow testing
Washington - The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) cut mad cow testing in the country by 90 percent, starting last month.
WASHINGTON — The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) cut mad cow testing in the country by 90 percent, starting last month.
The move, announced in July, responds to the agency's conclusion that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease, is "extremely rare." USDA previously tested 1,000 animals a day, costing the government roughly $1 million a week — a practice instituted after the first U.S. BSE case was discovered in 2003. Testing has since turned up two additional cases of cows with the brain-wasting disease.
USDA now tests 110 animals daily, officials say.
In April, Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns released a government analysis of testing data, saying mad cow disease incidence in the country "is extraordinarily low." While consumer advocacy groups criticize the move, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) applauds the decision, calling relaxed inspection levels "scientifically justified."
"The new level of BSE surveillance is rigorous and exceeds international guidelines by 10 times," NCBA officials say. "In addition, our food supply remains safe from BSE thanks to extensive protective measures already in place."


Soon to begin playing at the Cosmosphere is a documentary that summarizes the achievements in space exploration up to and including the present moment, before launching into imaginative speculation about where mankind goes from here.
Titled "Space Next," the Afterglow Studios release opens to the public in the Carey Digital Dome Theatre on Sept. 11.
"The road to space has been long and difficult. What came first and what comes next is an inspiring story of human innovation and dedication," a narrator says in the movie's trailer as computer-generated images of futuristic spacecraft are propelled through parts of the galaxy unreachable by modern technology. "Let's find what's next."
While paying homage to the successes of NASA and, more recently, those of private space technology companies, the film also looks into the future of crewed space travel and concepts such as Mars colonization and interstellar travel.
For additional information about the documentary, including educational materials and activities, visit spacenextmovie.com.
Tickets for screenings can be purchased at the Cosmosphere, 1100 N. Plum St., or online at cosmo.org.


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La XV convention nationale acadienne a lieu en 1972 à Fredericton, au Nouveau-Brunswick (Canada).

Plus de 1 000 Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick assistent à ce congrès. 264 résolutions sont votées concernant la politique, le bilinguisme, les médias, l'Union des Provinces maritimes, la fonction publique, l'éducation, l'économie et la culture. La Société des Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick est fondée, ce qui permet à la Société Nationale des Acadiens, trop centrée au goût de certains sur le Nouveau-Brunswick, de redevenir le porte-parole de l'ensemble des Acadiens.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Convention nationale acadienne
 Société nationale de l'Acadie

Convention nationale acadienne
1972 au Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The two-year saga of contract negotiations between Riverside County and SEIU 721, which represents about 7,300 county workers, will continue after the Board of Supervisors voted 3-2 to delay imposing a contract on the union on Tuesday, Nov. 13.
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Home » Europa » Through Thick or Thin: Exploring Europa's Outer Layer of Ice
Through Thick or Thin: Exploring Europa's Outer Layer of Ice
By Astrobiology Magazine staffwriter - Mar 16, 2001
When NASA's Galileo spacecraft sent back images and data of the Jovian moon Europa, scientists began thinking seriously that life just might exist on this enigmatic, frozen world.
Europa appears to have all the conditions necessary for the emergence of life: liquid water, organic chemicals, and energy. A layer of ice covers Europa, but there is strong evidence – the most convincing comes from Galileo's magnetometer – that a salty ocean may lie underneath. Organic chemicals are prevalent throughout the universe and could have been deposited on Europa by comets and meteors. Tidal forces exerted by Jupiter could provide enough energy for life, and if Europa is anything like its close neighbor Io, subsurface volcanism may provide yet another source of energy.
Missions beyond a Europa orbiter, like a probe to drill into the Europan oceans, may not have to go far into the ice to find evidence of life.
Credit:NASA/JPL
While scientists are eager to explore Europa's putative ocean for signs of life, the ice layer covering the moon is also the object of a great deal of interest. For one thing, before any attempt can be made to access the ocean, the thickness of the ice layer needs to be determined. In addition, the ice layer itself may harbor life.
"Our work has been on understanding the geology and geological systems of Europa, and what we have come to understand is that everything on the surface has a linkage to the ocean," says Richard Greenberg of the University of Arizona. "In the chaotic terrain – the areas where the ice appears to have melted down into the warmer ocean before refreezing – there are a number of niches where organisms could survive and prosper in the ice."
Organisms couldn't live right on the surface of the ice because the temperature is a frigid -160 C (-260 F), too cold for even a microbe to survive other than in a state of complete hibernation. But brief exposure to the outer ice layer may provide the organisms in Europa's ocean with a steady source of nutrition. The food – oxidants produced by radiation bombarding the outer ice layer – would drain downward into the ocean at the areas of ice melt-through. The mixing of ice crust and subsurface ocean may provide microorganisms with another source of food as well. It is possible that when cracks opened in the ice layer, organisms living in the ocean would be exposed to the faint rays of the sun.
Europa's Broken Ice: Europa, about the size of Earth's moon, has an icy crust that has been severely fractured, as indicated by the dark linear, curved, and wedged-shaped bands seen here.
"There's a whole zone within meters of the surface where organisms could photosynthesize, as long as they had access to sunlight," says Greenberg.
Greenberg thinks the cracks in the ice could provide an ideal habitat for organisms on Europa. The cracks are caused by the tidal pull of the gas giant Jupiter, which squeezes Europa like a tennis ball. Greenberg believes that Europa's ice is only a few kilometers thick, and that the cracks reach down to the ocean below. If true, the tidal motion of Europa's ocean periodically would push water up and down in the cracks. In this way, the cracks would act as passageways where organisms can continually reach the surface.
Robert Pappalardo of Brown University has very different ideas of how organisms might access the oxidants and sunlight on Europa's surface. Pappalardo disagrees with Greenberg about the thickness of Europa's ice; based on geophysical modeling, he believes Europa's crust is about 20 kilometers thick. Still, Pappalardo says that a thicker ice crust would not prevent interaction between the icy surface and the liquid ocean. He suggests that diapirs – columns of warmer ice that slowly plough their way upwards through the top ice layer – could provide the needed interchange.
"On Earth, salt rises as diapirs through overlying higher-density sediments – notably in Iran and off the Texas Gulf coast," says Pappalardo. "We can best visualize the process by picturing a Lava Lamp. On Europa, warm ice forms the rising blobs, as these are buoyant relative to the colder and denser overlying ice. The blobs could carry ocean material and any potential organisms up toward the surface."
The diapirs would act as a sort of elevator, bringing up the ocean-dwelling inhabitants and bringing down the oxidants formed on the surface of the moon.
"As they impinge on the cold near-surface ice, diapirs can melt out pockets of the surface ice, allowing it and entrained oxidants to drain downward into the deep portions of Europa's ice shell and presumably back into the ocean. In this way, diapiric stirring can help move microbes toward the surface, and can move nutrients down into the ocean."
Although the two scientists agree that interaction between the ice crust and ocean might support life, they strongly disagree about the thickness of that crust. Their disagreement is based on the estimated amount of energy available on Europa. Greenberg, for instance, believes Europa's constant tidal flexing generates enough heat to maintain both a liquid ocean and a thin ice crust.
"The tides on Europa distort the shape of the body once every 85 hours," says Greenberg, "so Europa gets enough tidal heating from Jupiter to maintain both a liquid ocean and a thin crust. There's been a lot of evidence that this is so. The convection of water in the ocean is enough to heat the ice and cause melt-throughs. You just need to do the math, calculating heat rates and tidal rates for Europa, to understand how the planet is warm enough for a liquid ocean and a thin ice crust.
"Rather than give any particular number for the thickness of Europa's crust," Greenberg continues, "the main line of argument is that the crust is thin enough for the ocean to be a factor, and thin enough for the cracks on the surface to reach down to the ocean below. With a crust 20-km-thick, that is very difficult."
Two models consistent with images of Europa's surface include a subsurface layer of liquid water or perhaps warmer, convecting ice.
But Pappalardo cites models of Europa's tidal heat that predict a crust thickness of somewhere between 20 to 30 kilometers. Based on this data, and on speculation about other possible energy sources on Europa, he suggests it is highly improbable that Europa could generate the heat necessary to sustain a thinner ice shell.
"One could imagine turning up the amount of interior heat flow from Europa's rocky core to such a great extent that the ice shell becomes only 6 or so kilometers thick," says Pappalardo. "This is an extreme possibility, one that has not been supported by geophysical modeling.
"How would the heating be turned up so high?" Pappalardo asks. "To generate such heat flow, Europa would have to possess a rocky interior that is partially molten, and this interior would have to have been molten over the entire history of the solar system. If it were ever colder, it would not then be able to become molten. But so far, no geophysical model predicts such a hot Europa interior today."
"Moreover, this scenario raises a potential conundrum," Pappalardo continues. "If Europa is tidally heated to such an extent that it has a molten rock interior, then this large amount of tidal dissipation would act to damp out Europa's high [orbital] eccentricity," reducing the tidal forces, "and the interior in turn would cool. In other words, it has not been demonstrated that Europa's high eccentricity is compatible with a rocky interior. There are many issues which such a model must address before it can be considered credible, let alone compelling."
Ronald Greeley, professor of geology at Arizona State University, heads the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Europa Focus Group. In his opinion, what matters more than the question of thick or thin ice is the question of the age of Europa's surface. No-one knows whether the cracks in Europa's ice were made recently or are millions of years old.
"The age, or timing, of formation is extremely important," says Greeley. "With time, an originally thin crust might thicken as cooling progresses. Many investigators fail to say if they are referring to a given thickness for today's conditions, or if they are restricting comments to the time when the features they are investigating were first formed. Disregarding differences in opinion on how certain surface features might form, the ice crust thickness could be of different thicknesses in different places and at different times."
Ancient Impact Basin on Europa. The 'bulls-eye' pattern appears to be a 140- kilometer (86-mile) wide impact scar (about the size of the island of Hawaii) which formed as the surface fractured minutes after a mountain- sized asteroid or comet slammed into the satellite.
Knowing the age of Europa's surface would tell us whether the moon has an active geology. Scientists try to determine the age of a moon or planet by counting the number of impact craters caused by asteroids. The theory is that the fewer the craters, the younger the surface. An active surface – like that of our own planet – tends to erase evidence of old impacts, while on a non-active surface – like our moon – the evidence can remain for billions of years.
"Although," says Greeley, "Europa is lightly cratered from impacts, suggesting relative youth in the geologic context, the surface could still be millions of years old and not necessarily reflect today's crustal properties."
Another problem with crater-counting is that impact rates differ according to location in the solar system. For example, Jupiter has such immense gravity that it attracts a lot of asteroids, which could increase the cratering rate on its moons relative to better-understood standards like our own moon. Unfortunately, only crude estimates are available for the rate of impacts in the present Jupiter environment.
For Greeley, uncertainty about the age of Europa's surface leads to uncertainty about many of the moon's other proposed features. For instance, he says the only strong evidence that Europa's ocean is currently liquid is the magnetometer data sent by the Galileo probe. But that data is open to other interpretations, and is not absolute proof of a liquid ocean.
"The real bottom line is that we do not currently have the right kind of information to say if liquid water exists today beneath the surface, nor can we say how thick an ice crust might be even if there is liquid water at depth. For definitive statements, these data must come from a future mission, such as the Europa Orbiter."
The Europa Orbiter is tentatively scheduled to arrive at Jupiter in 2010, and settle into a 200-kilometer orbit about Europa in 2011 or 2012. The proposed Orbiter will use radar to measure the thickness of the ice crust and to determine whether liquid water exists below the ice. Along with mapping the surface and measuring the topography of the moon, the Orbiter will also try to detect any signs of recent geological activity.
The Galileo Project
Could Life Exist Near Europa's Surface?
Europa Orbiter
Europa Fact Sheet
Jovian Moons


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text:
I Am Number Four: The Lost Files: Zero Hour
Author: Pittacus Lore
Series: Lorien Legacies: The Lost Files
Narrator: Brian Slaten
Unabridged: 7 hr 47 min
Publisher: Harper Audio
Genre: Young Adult Fiction - Science Fiction - Alien Contact
Ages: 14 - UP
The perfect companion to the #1 New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series!I Am Number Four: The Lost Files: Zero Hour is the fifth collection of action-packed novellas from Pittacus Lore. Initially published separately as digital originals, these three stories are now together in one volume.Lost Files #13: Legacies Reborn gives a look at the Mogadorian invasion from the perspective of Daniela Morales, a human teen who's shocked to discover aliens are attacking New York—and that she suddenly has the power to fight back. Lost Files #14: Last Defense reveals what happens to Malcolm Goode after the warships descend. To get to the president's secret bunker near Washington, DC, he'll have to fight his way through a war zone.Lost Files #15: Hunt for the Garde picks up after the events of The Fate of Ten, following the stories of three different Mogadorians. One will do anything for redemption. One has a thirst for blood. One questions everything.You know about the invasion of Earth, and the Garde who will do anything to stop it. Yet there is still so much to learn. The stories in Zero Hour will help you get the answers you seek, but only the Garde and their allies can save our planet.The I Am Number Four series is perfect for fans of science fiction adventures like the Fifth Wave series by Rick Yancey and the Beautiful Minds series by Alexandra Bracken.
The Fall of Five
by Pittacus Lore
I thought things would change when I found the others. We would stop running. We would fight the Mogadorians. And we would win.But I was wrong. Even though we have come together, we barely escaped from the Mogadorians with our lives. And now we're ...
Narrator: Liam Aiken
The Revenge of Seven
The worst was supposed to be over. We were reunited after a decade apart. We were discovering the truth about our past. We were training and getting stronger every day. We were even happy. . . .We never imagined the Mogadorians could turn one of ou...
Narrator: Almarie Guerra
The seventh and final book in the #1 New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series! With United as One, this action-packed series comes to a surprising, breathtaking, and utterly satisfying conclusion. The Garde didn't start this war, bu...
Narrator: Bruce Thomas
The third book of the #1 New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series!The Mogadorians who destroyed the planet Lorien continue to hunt for the Garde, the small group of Loric survivors who have taken refuge on Earth. During a dangerous missio...
Narrator: Neil Kaplan
Fugitive Six
This sequel to Pittacus Lore's Generation One is the second book in an epic new series set in the world of the #1 New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series.Newcomers as well as fans of the original series will devour this fast-paced,...
Narrator: P.J. Ochlan
I've seen him on the news. Followed the stories about what happened in Ohio. John Smith, out there, on the run. To the world, he's a mystery. But to me . . . he's one of us.Nine of us came here, but sometimes I wonder if time has changed us—i...
Narrator: Marisol Ramirez
I Am Number Four: The Lost Files: The Legacies
The perfect companion to the #1 New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series! I Am Number Four: The Lost Files: The Legacies is the first collection of novellas from Pittacus Lore. Originally published separately, these stories are now togeth...
Narrator: Devon Sorvari
The sixth and penultimate book in the New York Times bestselling I Am Number Four series! For years the Garde have fought the Mogadorians in secret. Now all of that has changed. The invasion has begun.John is on the front lines of the fight in New ...
Narrator: Kyla Garcia
The first book of the #1 New York Times bestselling series and the inspiration for the hit movie from Dreamworks!John Smith seems like an ordinary teenager, living a normal life with his guardian Henri in Paradise, Ohio. But for John, keeping a low...
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text:
Impossamole
Monty Mole has been living in luxury since his previous adventures, but he has now been beamed up by an alien race who want him to do a job for them. Monty must trek through five worlds to retrieve the sacred scrolls of the race's Guardians. As...
Name Impossamole
Platform Atari Jaguar
Release Date April 15, 2019
ESRB
Developers Core Design
Core Design
Publishers Piko Interactive
Piko Interactive
Genres Platform
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impossamole
Video Link https://youtu.be/hKzo-Sy-DRo
Monty Mole has been living in luxury since his previous adventures, but he has now been beamed up by an alien race who want him to do a job for them. Monty must trek through five worlds to retrieve the sacred scrolls of the race's Guardians. As with Core's previous hit Rick Dangerous 2 there is versatility in the exact structure of the game. The first four levels consist of the Orient, a Klondike mine, an Ice world and an Amazon forest - once these are completed the final world is open to you. The platform-based gameplay is similar to Monty's earlier games, with primarily horizontal progression, as well as ropes and ladders to navigate. Monty has developed a useful flying kick, and has been given a smart bomb, with the potential to collect extra bombs and guns. Hazards, enemies and level designs are themed around each level, and range from cable cars and falling snowballs to Ninjas and Monkeys.


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Journal Jottings : A Country House Visit, More Wartime Memories, and a new Woodland Walk.
A Country House Visit, More Wartime Memories, and a new Woodland Walk.
A Taste of the Grand Life!
Highlight of the week was a visit with the Earlston Women's Group to the 18th century Mellerstain House, approached down a long narrow straight road, through the gates into the parkland and the house. Set amidst 100 acres, it is a grand Georgian mansion, that remains almost as it was when Robert Adam designed it over 240 years ago.
We had an excellent tour from a very knowledgeable guide who also added plenty of quirky facts; a walk in the beautiful landscaped ground and finished with a delicious afternoon tea.
It took me back to my tourist board days when I visited there on a Fam. Trip (Familiarisation Visit). I always felt I could move into Mellerstain - of course as a society lady, not as a scullery maid! I would relax in the library with its magnificent Adam ceilings and friezes, and wake up in the spacious master bedroom in my four poster bed, looking out over the landscaped garden terraces and down to the loch.
There were some major drawback to life there though, there were no sanitary facilities until well into the 19th century - and think of the staff having to carry water, chamber pots and coal up and down all those stairs - on one short visit, they took its toll on my arthritic knee! Life wasn't quite as gracious as we like to think.
It must have been quite an isolated life, living on the estate. Although it was part of Earlston parish, it is long, long walk to the village, unless you were lucky enough to get a lift there and back on a horse and cart. The 1861 census listed 130 people living in estate cottages, with occupations ranging from agricultural servants, ploughmen, poultry keeper, blacksmith and gamekeepers, to joiners, millers,laundry maids, farm steward and schoolmaster. In the 54 rooms of the big house lived George Baillie Hamilton and his wife ( Earl and Countess of Haddington) with with four servants.
More looking back on history, when I met with elderly resident R. to gather her childhood memories of the war for the next Auld Earlston Exhibition. Her father, was in a reserved occupation working for the local timber firm, but also volunteering in the Home Guard. R, recalled him taking her into the garden at night to see the searchlights south of Edinburgh and his distress at what he witnessed at the site of the German bomber that crashed near Earlston in 1943, killing all the crew. She had happy memories of the Polish soldiers training in the village before D.Day - they held a Christmas party for the school children where they were given a Polish badge and a hand made toy.
Note the two little boys giving them close inspection!
Well not this month, as the brilliant, dry, sunny weather continues. Let's just hope this is not our summer! There have been blips - 72F on Monday, a chilly 52F on Tuesday. before the warmth returned mid afternoon Wednesday. No wonder the weather is such a popular point of conversation.
So no excuse not to do gardening - nor late spring cleaning, when we got the carpets and three piece suite deep cleaned - cue to move what we could of the small furniture items into the kitchen, bathroom or back bedroom - and them move them back later. The day was enlivened by our carpet cleaner - a man from Tennesse with a very distinctive southern accent, who we enjoyed talking to. He did a great job too, as the house looks so much cleaner and fresher.
Bluebells in a corner of the garden.
Our Thursday walk took us to Haughhead and the Leader Water, through a woodland path, new to many of us.


text:
THE BILL WYMAN ARCHIVE
The Rolling Stones: 2000 Light Years From Home video
Watch this exclusive video released to celebrate the re-release of The Rolling Stones: Their Satanic Majesties Request
Re-released to celebrate the album's 50th anniversary, Their Satanic Majesties Request is one of the most overlooked albums released by the Stones.
Reissued as a fantastic boxset, which includes the album on both mono and stereo CDs and vinyl, it's a great new way for fans to rediscover an album that had not met with critical success. Released in 1967, many viewed Their Satanic Majesties Request as below the usual standards of a Rolling Stones release.
To celebrate, the lyric video of the the song 2000 Light Years From Home has been released, and you can watch it in full (and sing along!) below:
Bill Wyman Christmas Greetings Card Pack £12.00
On Route 66 – Signed By Bill Wyman £30.00
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Bill Wyman Archive – courtesy of Ripple Productions Ltd
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text:
Q: NoSql and query by list I have a DynamoDB database with roughly 100.000 items in.
The items are mostly a flat, but they do contain a list of categories.
{
  "name": "Protine shaker",
  "categories": [
     "Sport",
     "Kitchen"
  ];
}

I want to be able to find all items that for an example is a member of the category "Sport", but as it is a list can i not index it.
My only option with a pure DyanmoDB solution would therefore be to scan the whole table, which is something that can be expensive if done often.
I where thinking that i could have a SQL database besides the DynamoDB that just contained the category mapping, or have another DynamoDB tales with an object for each category containing a list of items in that category.
What is the normal/common solutions to such a problem when working with DynamoDB? I am guesses that this must be a common problem to have.

A: You can integrate DynamoDB with ElasticSearch which can provide more options to query for data that is not supported by DynamoDB out of the box. Just create indices in ElasticSearch and perform your queries there.
Where to get started: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2015/08/amazon-dynamodb-elasticsearch-integration/
Having a SQL database is not a good solution because you will have to keep the information in sync in two different data-stores by yourself. Looks like an operation pain for maintenance.
Having multiple DynamoDB tables per Category is not scalable and even here you would have multiple DynamoDB tables to update in a "transaction" which is possible but comes with degraded performance or you could have AWS lambda write to relevant Category table based on DynamoDB update stream. But still it is better to avoid for the sake of scalability. You would have to create a new table every time a new Category is introduced.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
France 1954 -> Home
The 1954 French flap:
The index page for the 1954 French flap section of this website is here.
Mid September, 1954, Sainte-Mère-Eglise, Manche:
Reference number for this case: Mid-Sep-54-Sainte-Mère-Eglise. Thank you for including this reference number in any correspondence with me regarding this case.
Sumary:
The local newspaper La Manche Libre, of Saint-Lo, reported on September 26, 1954:
"Last week, very honorable residents of the Ste-Mère-l'Eglise region reported having seen a mysterious craft evolving at high speed in the sky. The craft had the shape of a cigar. The witnesses were serious people whose sincerity cannot be doubted."
[Ref. mle1:] "LA MANCHE LIBRE" NEWSPAPER:
AFTER THE SAUCERS THE FLYING CIGARS
Last week, very honorable residents of the Ste-Mère-l'Eglise region reported having seen a mysterious craft evolving at high speed in the sky. The craft had the shape of a cigar. The witnesses were serious people whose sincerity cannot be doubted.
A few days later, a new observation of a "flying cigar" was made, but in Rome and very officially.
It was the passage of a mysterious machine that moved over the Italian capital.
It was observed for approximately forty minutes by the military command station of the airport. It is a craft in the form of a "half-cigar", flying at a reduced speed at about 1,300 meters above sea level. A trail of luminous smoke emanated from its extremity. Following the moves of the craft, the observation station of Ciampino found that it at one time made a "fall" of 400 meters to immediately resume altitude changing from the horizontal position to the vertical position.
The military station of Practica di Mare, about thirty kilometers from Rome, managed to "catch" it in their radar set, and to follow it for about twenty minutes. The radar reported the presence of an antenna in the center of the widest part of the "half-cigar".
It must be believed that these are improved V2 guided missiles. But where are they launched?
Explanations:
Totally insufficient information, possible meteor.
(These keywords are only to help queries and are not implying anything.)
Sainte-Mère-Eglise, Manche, cigar, multiple
[----] indicates sources which I have not yet checked.
[mle1] Article in the local newspaper La Manche Libre, Saint-Lo, France, September 26, 1954.
Document history:
Created/Changed by:
Change Description:
1.0 Patrick Gross January 12, 2017 First published.
1.2 Patrick Gross December 23, 2019 Addition of the Summary. Explanations changed, were "Not looked for yet."
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This page was last updated on December 23, 2019.


text:
Morlon O'Neil Greenwood (born July 17, 1978) is a former American football linebacker.

Early years
Greenwood attended Freeport High School and participated in both football and wrestling. At first, he was a wrestling athlete who had won the Empire State Games in the freestyle division as a sophomore and as a junior as well as the Greco-Roman division as a junior. An assistant wrestling coach Russ Cellan (who was also the head football coach) then convinced him to play football as a junior. As a senior, in football, he was an All-County and an All-State pick, while he won the state wrestling title in the 215 lb. class.

College career
Greenwood played collegiate at Syracuse University where he started 48 consecutive games at linebacker. As a red shirt freshman, he recorded 64 tackles and two quarterback sacks while being named to the Freshman All-American second-team choice by The Sporting News. During his sophomore year, he made 55 tackles and 3 sacks. As a junior for the Orange, Greenwood collected 91 tackles along with one sack, which was against Michigan quarterback Tom Brady. Being named co-captain his senior year, he had a career high 98 tackles while being named to the 2000 All Big East First-team along with teammates Dwight Freeney and. He graduated from Syracuse with a bachelor's degree in Health and Exercise Science.

Professional career
Greenwood was selected in the 2001 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins. He played four years with Miami including a 2004 season in which he recorded 108 tackles for the Dolphins. In 2005, as a free agent, he signed a five-year contract with the Houston Texans which was worth $22.5 million and featured a $7 million signing bonus. His career with the Texans was highlighted by a 2007 season where he posted 118 tackles. In 2009, he had a brief period with the Oakland Raiders. Morlon Greenwood, a graduate of Freeport High School, was inducted in the inaugural Nassau County High School Athletics Hall of Fame. The class of 6 included notable athletes from Nassau County on Long Island such as Jay Fiedler of the Miami Dolphins and fellow Syracuse alum and NFL Hall of famer Jim Brown. The induction ceremony took on September 30, 2015 in Long Island NY.

Player profile
Greenwood was known mainly for his superb level of strength and conditioning. During his pro day at Syracuse, he posted a 4.47 40 yard dash time, a 415-pound bench press, a 685-pound squat, and a 350-pound power clean. In addition, he was named a 2002 National Strength Coaches Association All American. He was also known for his awareness on the field, having 4 straight NFL seasons of over 100 tackles.

References

External links
just Sports Stats

1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kingston, Jamaica
Sportspeople from Nassau County, New York
People from Freeport, New York
Jamaican emigrants to the United States
Jamaican players of American football
American football linebackers
Syracuse Orange football players
Miami Dolphins players
Houston Texans players
Oakland Raiders players
Omaha Nighthawks players