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The history of Ptolemaic Egypt
in Alexander the Great, ancient macedonian cities, ancient macedonian ethnicity, Ancient Macedonian History, Ancient Macedonian Kings, Articles, Greece, Hellenic language, Macedonian Culture / by History / on July 25, 2009 at 2:49 am /
The history of Ptolemaic Egypt starts chronologically with the conquest by the king Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great) in 332 BC and ends with the death of the queen Cleopatra of Egypt and the Roman conquest in 30 BC. The Ptolemaic Kingdom was founded when Ptolemy I Soter declared himself Pharaoh of Egypt, creating a powerful Hellenistic state from southern Syria in the east to Cyrene to the west, and extending south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a center of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions by marrying their siblings, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.[1][2] Hellenistic culture thrived in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest. The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome.
Alexander III
In 332 BC Alexander III of Macedon conquered Egypt with little resistance from the Persians. He was welcomed by the Egyptians as a deliverer. He visited Memphis, and went on pilgrimage to the oracle of Amun at the Oasis of Siwa. The oracle declared him to be the son of Amun. He conciliated the Egyptians by the respect which he showed for their religion, but he appointed Greeks to virtually all the senior posts in the country, and founded a new Greek city, Alexandria, to be the new capital. The wealth of Egypt could now be harnessed for Alexander's conquest of the rest of the Persian Empire. Early in 331 BC he was ready to depart, and led his forces away to Phoenicia. He left Cleomenes as the ruling nomarch to control Egypt in his absence. Alexander never returned to Egypt.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
Main article: Ptolemaic Kingdom
Ptolemy I, King of Egypt
Following Alexander's death in Babylon in 323 BC, a succession crisis erupted among his generals. Initially, Perdiccas ruled the empire as regent for Alexander's half-brother Arrhidaeus, who became Philip III of Macedon, and then as regent for both Philip III and Alexander's infant son Alexander IV of Macedon, who had not been born at the time of his father's death. Perdiccas appointed Ptolemy, one of Alexander's closest companions, to be satrap of Egypt. Ptolemy ruled Egypt from 323 BC, nominally in the name of the joint kings Philip III and Alexander IV. However, as Alexander the Great's empire disintegrated, Ptolemy soon established himself as ruler in his own right. Ptolemy successfully defended Egypt against an invasion by Perdiccas in 321 BC, and consolidated his position in Egypt and the surrounding areas during the Wars of the Diadochi (322 BC–301 BC). In 305 BC, Ptolemy took the title of King. As Ptolemy I Soter ("Saviour"), he founded the Ptolemaic dynasty that was to rule Egypt for nearly 300 years.
All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name "Ptolemy", while princesses and queens preferred the names Cleopatra and Berenice. Because the Ptolemaic kings adopted the Egyptian custom of marrying their sisters, many of the kings ruled jointly with their spouses, who were also of the royal house. This custom made Ptolemaic politics confusingly incestuous, and the later Ptolemies were increasingly feeble. The only Ptolemaic Queens to officially rule on their own were Berenice III and Berenice IV. Cleopatra V did co-rule, but it was with another female, Berenice IV. Cleopatra VII officially co-ruled with Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Ptolemy XIV, and Ptolemy XV, but effectively, she ruled Egypt alone.
The early Ptolemies did not disturb the religion or the customs of the Egyptians, and indeed built magnificent new temples for the Egyptian gods and soon adopted the outward display of the Pharaohs of old. During the reign of Ptolemies II and III thousands of Greek veterans were rewarded with grants of farm lands, and Greeks were planted in colonies and garrisons or settled themselves in the villages throughout the country. Upper Egypt, farthest from the centre of government, was less immediately affected, though Ptolemy I established the Greek colony of Ptolemais Hermiou to be its capital, but within a century Greek influence had spread through the country and intermarriage had produced a large Greco-Egyptian educated class. Nevertheless, the Greeks always remained a privileged minority in Ptolemaic Egypt. They lived under Greek law, received a Greek education, were tried in Greek courts, and were citizens of Greek cities, just as they had been in Greece. The Egyptians were rarely admitted to the higher levels of Greek culture, in which most Egyptians were not in any case interested.
Ptolemaic contributions
The Greeks now formed the new upper classes in Egypt, replacing the old native aristocracy. In general, the Ptolemies undertook changes that went far beyond any other measures that earlier foreign rulers had imposed. They used the religion and traditions to increase their own power and wealth. Although they established a prosperous kingdom, enhanced with fine buildings, the native population enjoyed few benefits, and there were frequent uprisings. These expressions of nationalism reached a peak in the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (207–206 BC) when rebels gained control over one district and ruled as a line of native "pharaohs." This was only curtailed nineteen years later when Ptolemy V Epiphanes succeeded in subduing them, but the underlying grievances continued and there were riots again later in the dynasty.
Family conflicts affected the later years of the dynasty when Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II fought his brother Ptolemy VI Philometor and briefly seized the throne. The struggle was continued by his sister and niece (who both became his wives) until they finally issued an Amnesty Decree in 118 BC.
The Ptolemaic kingdom was diverse in the people who settled and made Egypt their home on this time. During this period, Greek troops under Ptolemy I Soter were given land grants and brought their families encouraging tens of thousands of Greeks to settle the country making themselves the new ruling class. Native Egyptians continued having a role, yet a small one in the Ptolemaic government mostly in lower posts and outnumbered the foreigners. During the reign of the Ptolemaic Pharoahs, many Jews were imported from neighboring Palestine by the hundred thousands for being renowned fighters and established an important presence there. Other foreign groups settled during this time even Galatian mercernaries were invited in.
Of the aliens who had come to settle upon Egypt, the ruling race, the Greeks, were the most important element. They were partly spread as allotment-holders over the country, forming social groups, in the country towns and villages, side by side with the native population, partly gathered in the three Greek cities — the old Naucratis, founded before 600 B.C. (in the interval of Egyptian independence after the expulsion of the Assyrians and before the coming of the Persians), and the two new cities, Alexandria by the sea, and Ptolemais in Upper Egypt. Alexander and his Seleucid successors were great as the founders of Greek cities all over their dominions; Greek culture was so much bound up with the life of the city-state that any king who wanted to present himself to the world as a genuine champion of Hellenism had to do something in this direction, but the king of Egypt, whilst he was as ambitious as any to shine as a Hellene, would find Greek cities, with their republican tradition and aspirations to independence, inconvenient elements in a country which lent itself, as no other did, to bureaucratic centralization. The Ptolemies therefore limited the number of Greek city-states in Egypt to those three — Alexandria, Ptolemais, Naucratis. Outside Egypt, as we have seen, they had Greek cities under their dominion — the old Greek cities in the Cyrenaica, in Cyprus, on the coasts and islands of the Aegean — but in Egypt no more than the three. There were indeed country towns with names such as Ptolemais, Arsinoe, and Berenice, in which Greek communities existed with a certain social life; there were similar groups of Greeks in many of the old Egyptian towns, but they were not communities with the political forms of a city-state. Yet if they had no place of political assembly, they would have their gymnasium, the essential sign of Hellenism, serving something of the purpose of a university for the young men. Far up the Nile at Ombi we find in 136‑135 B.C. a gymnasium of the local Greeks, which passes resolutions and corresponds with the king. And in 123 B.C., when there is trouble in Upper Egypt between the towns of Crocodilopolis and Hermonthis, the negotiators sent from Crocodilopolis are the young men attached to the gymnasium, who, according to the Greek tradition, eat bread and salt with the negotiators from the other town.
All the Greek dialects of the Greek world gradually became asimilated in the Koine Greek dialect which was the common language of the Hellenistic world. Generally the Greeks of the Ptolemaic Egypt felt like a representative of a higher civilization yet were curious over the native culture of Egypt.
Arabs during the Ptolemies
Arab nomads of the eastern desert penetrated in small bodies into the cultivated land of the Nile . The Greeks called all the land on the eastern side of the Nile "Arabia", and villages were really to be found here and there with a population of Arabs who had exchanged the life of tent-dwellers for that of settled agriculturists . One hears of a village, Poïs, in the Memphite nome, two of whose inhabitants sent on September 20, 152 B.C a letter in Greek. It had to be written for two of its Arab inhabitants by the young Macedonian Apollonius, the Arabs being even unable apparently to subscribe it. Apollonius writes their names as Myrullas and Chalbas, the first probably, and the second certainly, Semitic. A century earlier we hear of Arabs farther west, in the Fayûm, organized under a leader of their own, and working mainly as herdsmen on the dorea of Apollonius the dioiketes; but these Arabs bear Greek and Egyptian names.
Jews of Egypt
The largest foreign element after the Greek was the Jewish population. At the time of the Christian era the Jews in Egypt had come to number about a million out of a total population of about seven and a half millions. In those days they had not yet any special reputation in that line. The Jews of Alexandria were, no doubt, like the Greeks of Alexandria, engaged in various kinds of trade and industry, but large numbers of the Jews in Egypt had been imported as soldiers. The Maccabean revolt and the wars of the Hasmonaean kings proved how formidable the Jews could be as fighters. The Elephantine Aramaic papyri have shown us Jewish soldiers of the Persian king established near the first cataract long before Alexander came to Egypt. Perhaps semi-paganized Jewish communities of this type had been absorbed, and ceased to exist as a separate people, before the end of the Persian period, but it seems likely that Ptolemy I found a Jewish element still existing in Egypt when he took over the obscure.
Sir Flinders Petrie refers to a Jewish tomb, opposite Oxyrhyncus, discovered in 1922, with a long Aramaic inscription, belonging to the middle of the 5th century. In any case, when Palestine had been united to their kingdom by the Ptolemies, a fresh stream of immigration from Judaea to Egypt naturally followed. It was not only voluntary immigration. Regarding the Jews as good material for his army, Ptolemy I had transported masses of them to Egypt — 100,000, according to Pseudo-Aristeas, who says that he put 30,000 of them "in the garrisons" — settled them, we may perhaps understand, like the Greeks and Macedonians, on the land. Inscriptions and papyri give us traces of this Jewish population in the country towns of Egypt throughout the Ptolemaic period.
The language of the Egyptian Jews was Greek; after a generation or two immigrants from Palestine forgot their Semitic speech. Their Hebrew scriptures they knew only in the Greek translation, which we column the Septuagint because, according to the legend, the translation had been made by the Seventy Translators under Ptolemy II. Since the Seventy Translators were held to have been themselves miraculously inspired, there was no need for the Egyptian Jews to concern themselves with the original Hebrew. As a matter of fact, the translation of the Old Testament was made, bit by bit, in Egypt during the last three centuries before the Christian era. According to the first form of the legend, it was not the Old Testament as a whole, but only the five books of the Law which were translated by the Seventy, and it is likely that a Greek version of the Law really was required by the Egyptian Jews as early as the reign of Ptolemy II. In the latter times of the dynasty it made an important difference to any one who ruled Egypt, or aspired to rule it, if he had the Jews on his side.
Whether the Jews at Alexandria were, or were not, included in the citizen-body of Alexandrines is, as has been said, a debated question.71 It seems really to resolve itself into a question of terms — what is meant by "citizenship" — the Jews plainly had certain peculiar privileges, on the strength of which they might claim to count as Alexandrine citizens, whilst they lacked other ordinary characteristics of citizenship, the absence of which might justify the Greek Alexandrines in denying them the name. As a community in Alexandria, they had a measure of self-government not conceded to any other community within a Greek city-state. Their chief in early Roman times (and perhaps in Ptolemaic times) had the title of genarches or ethnarches. In Roman times the government of the community was vested in a senate (gerusia), and this, too, may go back to the earlier period. The archontes seem to have been a committee of the senate. But the only title for the rulers of the community for which we have documentary evidence in the Ptolemaic period is that of Elders.
The Jewish quarter, Delta, adjoined the palace quarter on the north-east and reached down to the sea. Insofar as it lay beyond the harbour, it might be spoken of by enemies of the Jews contemptuously, as an out‑of-the‑way wretched sort of place, whilst the Jews might retort that its sea-front and its proximity to the royal palace made it pleasant and honourable.75 It was not a ghetto, inasmuch as there was no compulsion upon the Jews to live in the Delta quarter; many, as a matter of fact, lived in other parts of the city. But the Delta quarter was mainly inhabited by Jews, who had gathered there by choice.
There were naturally a number of synagogues in Alexandria for a community so large. The principal synagogue p114was in Roman times one of the most impressive in the Empire, a magnificent building in the style of a Greek basilica, described with pride in the Talmud, so large that the voice of the officiating minister could not reach the more distant part of the congregation, and a man had to be stationed half-way down the building with a flag, to signal the moments for saying Amen. But we have in Ptolemaic times the mention of synagogues at Alexandria — one built on behalf of the famous Cleopatra and Ptolemy Caesar "to the Great God who heareth", by a certain Alypus, a rich member, no doubt, of the Jewish community
Main article: Aegyptus (Roman province)
In 30 BC, following the death of Cleopatra VII, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire as the province Aegyptus, governed by a prefect selected by the Emperor from the Equestrian and not a governor from the Senatorial order, to prevent interference by the Roman Senate. The main Roman interest in Egypt was always the reliable delivery of grain to the city of Rome. To this end the Roman administration made no change to the Ptolemaic system of government, although Romans replaced Greeks in the highest offices. But Greeks continued to staff most of the administrative offices and Greek remained the language of government except at the highest levels. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans did not settle in Egypt in large numbers. Culture, education and civic life largely remained Greek throughout the Roman period. The Romans, like the Ptolemies, respected and protected Egyptian religion and customs, although the cult of the Roman state and of the Emperor was gradually introduced.
The early Ptolemies raised the quality of Egyptian agriculture by reclaiming cultivatable land through irrigation and introduced crops such as cotton and better wine-producing grapes. In addition, they increased the wealth of their population by increasing foreign trade, making more luxury goods available to more people. In return, Egypt enriched their lives as the new rulers absorbed their adopted culture. Egypt had enchanted the Ptolemies, as it had all its foreign rulers before them. Ptolemy and his descendants adopted Egyptian royal trappings and added Egypt's religion to their own, worshipping the gods of Eternity and building temples to them, and even being mummified and buried in sarcophagi covered with hieroglyphs
In his lifetime Strabo made extensive travels to among others Egypt and Ethiopia.
1. ^ Bowman, Alan K (1996). Egypt after the Pharaohs 332 BC – AD 642, 2nd ed., Berkeley: University of California Press, 25-26. ISBN 0520205316.
2. ^ Stanwick, Paul Edmond (2003). Portraits of the Ptolemies: Greek kings as Egyptian pharaohs. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292777728.
Bingen, Jean. Hellenistic Egypt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007 (hardcover, ISBN 0748615784; paperback, ISBN 0748615792). Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007 (hardcover, ISBN 0520251415; paperback, ISBN 0520251423).
Bowman, Alan Keir. 1996. Egypt After the Pharaohs: 332 BC–AD 642; From Alexander to the Arab Conquest. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press
Chauveau, Michel. 2000. Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society under the Ptolemies. Translated by David Lorton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Ellis, Simon P. 1992. Graeco-Roman Egypt. Shire Egyptology 17, ser. ed. Barbara G. Adams. Aylesbury: Shire Publications, ltd.
Hölbl, Günther. 2001. A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Translated by Tina Saavedra. London: Routledge Ltd.
Lloyd, Alan Brian. 2000. "The Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BC)". In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 395–421
Map of Ptolemaic Egypt
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/History+of+ancient+Egypt
PTOLEMAIC KINGS of EGYPT. Ptolemy III Euergetes. 246-222 BC. AV Oktodrachm
PTOLEMAIC KINGS of EGYPT. Berenike II, wife of Ptolemy III. Circa 244/3-221 BC
Al Jazeera World Presents the History of the Greek Community of Egypt
Cleopatra – Greek Macedonian Descent – Ptolemaic Dynasty
Headless Statue of Greek king found in Egypt – Link to Cleopatra's Tomb?


With the June deadline almost upon us, will the remaining millions be able to renew their IDs in time?
Jordanians have swarmed their local Department of Civil Status in a hurry to swap their standard national IDs for the updated 'smart ID' cards in time for the government's deadline of June 15 2017.
They have been coming out in waves since the mandatory upgrade was announced in 2016. A third of the population have already made the smart move, while 3 million citizens have yet to trade in their current cards for the new versions, which contain an added identity chip.
With the June deadline to claim the card free of charge almost upon us, will the remaining millions be able to renew their IDs in time?
Malek Khasawneh, Director of Public Relations and Information in the Department of Civil Status and Passports, told Roya News that his department is doing everything in their power to make the renewal process easier for Jordanians, especially during Ramadan.
Ramadan can be a period where unofficially official transactions are slowed down as government working hours are reduced.
With no word on a possible extension date, the eleventh hour citizens are left scrambling to claim their IDs at no extra cost or risk being stuck with expired cards in their wallet and a renewal fee that will apply after the June date.


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James Mendy, the Chief of Security at the National Intelligence Agency (NIA) was arrested and detained at Police headquarters in Banjul on Thursday, 22nd March 2018, Intelligence Sources can confirm to Foroyaa. Mendy's arrest is said to be connected with the death of former UDP Organizing Secretary Solo Sandeng.
Investigations by Foroyaa during the weekend, saw family members given access to their loved ones, and some of those arrested could be heard saying they did not participate in the killing of Solo Sandeng or the torturing of UDP supporters but were implicated by their co-intelligence partners.
Lamin Bojang aka Kambajal, an intelligence photographer once attached to State House said he was instructed to take photos of those arrested,by his then director Yankuba Badjie.
"Ex-DG ordered me to take photos of them, and as a photographer I just did my job. I only took pictures but did not participate in any killing. I don't even know that they were UDP supporters but was ordered to take photos and not ask names," he said.
Bojang said he was accused and implicated by his co-partners that he jumped the fence at Tanji during the burial of Solo which allegation he denied.
"They accuse me of jumping the fence and broke the padlock for others to enter and bury Sandeng. As a photographer my work does not allow me to do such. I didn't do anything or even contributed to the torture of UDP supporters,'' he said.
The NIA Director General Ousman Sowe, confirmed the recent arrest of James and said he is currently with the police helping them in their investigations; that he does not know what would be the outcome of the investigation.
While confirming that James Mendy is in their custody, the Police PRO said he is not aware of the transfer of the other eight NIA personnel to police headquarters.
It could be recalled that on 22nd March 2018, eight NIA agents were arraigned before the lower Court in Banjul and charged on two counts: Conspiracy to commit the murder of Ebrima Solo Sandeng. And it could also be recalled that 10 intelligence agents were arrested on 15th March 2018 and taken to the Serious Crimes Unit at Police Headquarters in Banjul.
The detained agents are Ngora Njie, Bakary Jammeh aka Afo, Lyon Gomez, Lamin Bojang aka Kambajal, Manlafi Jarju, Tijan Camara, Kwesi Mendy, Lamin Bojang (driver), Ansumana Manga (driver) and Yankuba Colley.
On Thursday, 22nd March 2018, two agents Ngora Njie and Shieck Tijan Camara, were granted bail and will be used to testify as state witnesses.


The first meal of the day is breakfast. Some people recommend a substantial breakfast, while others prefer a light, healthy one, one that is easily digestible. A typical breakfast menu includes bread, rolls or croissants, butter, ham, salami, cheese, marmalade, or honey. Another alternative is to have scrambled eggs, omelets, or pudding. Those who prefer a more healthy diet will eat yoghurt, cereals with milk, porridge or fresh fruits. Popular drinks include tea, coffee, cocoa or fruit juice.
At around 10 a.m. it is time for a little snack. It is good to have something small and easily digestible, such as fruits, vegetables or yoghurt.
The main meal of the day – lunch – comes between noon and 1 p.m. Most people have lunch in school or in company cafeterias or in restaurants, while others prefer to eat at home. Lunch consists of a starter, a main course, and most people like to round off their meals with something sweet. Starters may include soups, while the main course normally consists of cooked meat, fish or poultry with side dishes like potatoes or rice. The dessert menu includes a piece of cake, ice cream, pudding, fruits, or salads. Finally, there is something nice to drink – mineral water, juice, coffee or a glass of beer.
At about four o'clock, the afternoon snack is another meal of the day; and people often have the same things that they had in the morning. Sandwiches or pies are another alternative. The last meal of the day is dinner which comes between six and seven o'clock. In most families, something warm is eaten, such as dumplings with sauce, pancakes or sausage with mustard.
During the day, it is necessary to drink enough liquids. The recommended daily consumption is around two liters. Food and drinks are inevitable parts of our lives.
When having guests or celebrating, or just feeling the urge to have something nice, people find it more comfortable to go to a restaurant. In restaurants, a special code of conduct has to be observed. The gentleman asks the waiter for the menu and makes an order. After the meal, the guest asks the waiter to produce the bill. People either share the bill or go Dutch. Normally, gentlemen pay for the lady and it is usual to tip the waiter.
The British usually start work and school later in the morning than we do, so they have a lot of time to enjoy their morning meal. A traditional English breakfast is quit big. It consists of porridge with a topping of maple syrup, a dish of fried bacon and eggs, fried sausages and tomatoes, or ham and eggs, buttered toast and marmalade. They usually have a cup of tea with milk or coffee and a glass of orange juice.
The English lunch is much smaller than the Czech one. It's usually just a quick sandwich. A typical Sunday lunch is much more similar to ours. As a desert they have hot apple pie with ice cream. The national English food is definitely steak. Another popular dish is fish and chips.
English have different expressions for their evening meals. It can be dinner, supper, or tea. Anyways, it's the main meal of the day so it's usually hot. It's eaten at about six or seven.
Czechs in general like fatty meals with lard and flour. Our typical dishes are roast pork with sauerkraut and dumplings, goulash with dumplings, or roast sirloin of beef in cream sauce again with dumplings. Czechs often eat meatloaf and many kinds of smoked meat products. Wiener schnitzel is a popular dish as well. The typical Czech soup is tripe soup.
Sweets and cakes are typical of Czech cuisine as well. Pardubice gingerbread is well-known.
In the Czech Republic, a typical lunch consists of two courses. The first course is always soup and the main course is meat with a side dish like pasta, potatoes, rice or chips.
My favorite food is fried cheese with chips and mayonnaise, because I don't eat meat.


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Think Tank Ranks L.A.'s Finances In Middle Tier; Irvine Best In U.S.
By City News Service Jan 26, 2021
LOS ANGELES (CNS) - A report released today by the nonpartisan Truth in Accounting think tank ranked Los Angeles' municipal finances in the middle tier of large U.S. cities, while Irvine was ranked the best in the country.
The study analyzed the 2019 financial status of the United States' 75 most populated cities, which had a combined debt of $333.5 billion.
According to the data, Los Angeles would need $4,000 from each taxpayer in order to pay off its $5.1 billion debt that year, putting its municipal finances at 38th among the cities. Researchers said the financial troubles "stem mostly from unfunded retirement obligations that have accumulated over the years.''
L.A. had funded only $8.5 billion in pension and $2.7 billion in retiree health care benefits, while it has promised $67.4 billion in retirement benefits, according to the report.
Researchers said "Los Angeles went into the coronavirus pandemic with mediocre fiscal health, and it will probably come out of the crisis worse.''
"Los Angeles' elected officials have repeatedly made financial decisions that have left the city with a debt burden of $5.1 billion. That burden equates to $4,000 for each city taxpayer.''
Overall, the city had $21.4 billion worth of bills in 2019 and only $16.3 billion available. The city received a "C' grade from Truth in Accounting's report.
L.A. was not the only California city unable to pay its debt. Long Beach ranked 14th, with a taxpayer burden of $100; Chula Vista ranked 20th, with a taxpayer burden of $1,100; Bakersfield ranked 22nd, with a taxpayer burden of $1,400; Riverside ranked 28th, with a taxpayer burden of $3,100; San Diego ranked 40th, with a taxpayer burden of $4,700; Santa Ana ranked 43rd, with a taxpayer burden of $5,400; and Anaheim ranked 47th with a taxpayer burden of $6,200.
Irvine was ranked as having the best municipal finances in the country, with a $370.3 million surplus, or $4,100 per taxpayer. Despite being first in the U.S., it still received a "B'' grade from Truth in Accounting.
"Irvine remains first in our ranking for the fourth year and deserves recognition for maintaining a strong financial record,'' the report said.
"Once again the city's reported revenues exceeded its expenses. The city had some money set aside to weather the current pandemic, but economic downturns could adversely affect future tax revenues and the value of assets being held in retirement plans, which could diminish or eliminate the city's surplus.''
Two other California cities had a surplus in 2019: Stockton, which ranked fourth, had a taxpayer surplus of $3,000, and Fresno, which ranked seventh, had one of $2,300.

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Le Suore della Divina Provvidenza (in tedesco Schwestern von der Göttlichen Vorsehung) sono un istituto religioso femminile di diritto pontificio: i membri di questa congregazione pospongono al loro nome la sigla S.D.P.

Storia
La congregazione venne fondata a il 3 novembre 1842 a St. Mauritz dal sacerdote tedesco Eduard Michelis (1813-1855), per sopperire alla mancanza in zona di istituzioni che si occupassero dell'assistenza agli orfani: venne approvata dal vescovo di Münster come congregazione di diritto diocesano il 29 novembre 1844.

Il fondatore diede alle sue religiose una regola ispirata a quella redatta da Vincenzo de' Paoli per le sue Figlie della Carità. Le Suore della Divina Provvidenza sopravvissero al Kulturkampf inizialmente rinunciando all'abito religioso, poi trasferendo la casa madre a Steyl, nei Paesi Bassi.

L'istituto ottenne il pontificio decreto di lode il 5 marzo 1957 e venne approvato definitivamente dalla Santa Sede il 7 febbraio 1967.

Attività e diffusione
L'assistenza agli orfani continua a essere la principale occupazione delle Suore della Divina Provvidenza: si dedicano anche all'educazione della gioventù, all'assistenza agli infermi e alla collaborazione nell'apostolato missionario.

Sono presenti in Germania, Paesi Bassi, Brasile, Indonesia e Malawi: la sede generalizia è a Münster.

Al 31 dicembre 2005 l'istituto contava 1.411 religiose in 249 case.

Note

Bibliografia
Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2007, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 2007. ISBN 978-88-209-7908-9.
 Guerrino Pelliccia e Giancarlo Rocca (curr.), Dizionario degli Istituti di Perfezione (10 voll.), Edizioni paoline, Milano 1974-2003.

Collegamenti esterni

Divina Provvidenza, Suore (Sankt Mauritz)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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More than a third of kids with food allergies say they've been bullied because of it
Suzanne Monaghan
LSOphoto/Getty Images
PHILADELPHIA (KYW Newsradio) — Approximately two kids in every classroom have food allergies according to FARE (Food Allergy Research Education), and many children are bullied because of their allergies.
All types of bullying are harmful, but food allergy bullying can be life-threatening.
"What people don't understand is that this is a food that can actually kill them. It can kill them either by touch, in some cases, or by accidental ingestion. And so that level of bullying really heightens up to a fear level that is incomprehensible," said FARE CEO Lisa Gable.
One-third of kids with food allergies say they've experienced this type of bullying, Gable said.
"This obviously not only decreases the quality of life for a child, but it adds an undo amount of stress for a child that already has to manage and contain their avoidance to this particular food."
Security expert offers ways for parents to keep up with their child's secret online life
Many schools installing vape detectors in bathrooms to discourage e-cigarette use
Gable added there are no proven cures or therapies for food allergies.
"So it's a very serious disease and it's actually a disease that's actually rising in numbers," she said.
FARE is working with students and schools to help educate kids and raise awareness about the danger.


"Fish on!" Rex Carter yelled as the drag on the reel whined. The pole arced against the weight and pull of the hooked salmon. The other fishermen on the bank reeled in and set their rods aside. None would risk crossing a line holding a hooked fish. Jimmie Vang snatched the long handled net and danced over the rocks covering the shore, ready to pull up a fish too heavy to land by line alone.
"Don't horse him. Let him run. Rexie boy." Cautioned Hugo Black in his thick eastern European accent.
Rex Carter stifled his irritation. If there's one thing he knew, it was how to land a fish. Fishing was his life now. Work at the bait shack then slip down after work or on days off to Discovery Park to fish the salmon or striper run with the same old group of guys on that designated section of riverbank.
"This is a big one." He thought as he raised the pole and reeled down to the waterline. The fish seemed to tire quickly.
"Not as much fight this time in the run. Maybe they just give up now, knowing they're only swimming up stream to die." He thought. "Maybe this is just all they've got left or maybe it's just a snag, an old boot or something." But then the fish broke water flashing silver and surged back deep into the current.
"It wants to run, Rexie It's not ready to feed you yet. Salmon and lochs. Salmon and lochs, Rexie boy." Hugo sang.
Rex Carter raised the pole and reeled down for the last time. He sensed this was the fish's last desperate gasp.
"No more fight left. Now if the hook doesn't tear out I got him." He thought.
Jimmie scampered across the rocks to the expected landing spot. Even though he'd retired a few years ago he was just as quick and agile as when he 'd left Vietnam thirty some years ago as Saigon was falling.
Rex Carter backed cautiously up the bank over treacherous rocks tensing the line. Jimmie scooped the exhausted salmon into the net and lugged it on shore.
" Oh, maybe, maybe." Jimmie replied.
Rex removed the treble hooks of the spoon like lure anchored deeply into the corner of the mouth then slid his red nylon strap out of his tackle box threading it through the gill flap and out the gasping orifice.
He hoisted the great sleek and silver missile up out of the net and dropped it into the water. He tied a stick to the strap then weighed it down with some of the myriad rocks strewn across the bank.
"Yea, at least 25." He said. "Good fish, clean, starting to show some red. They turn like leaves as it gets later in the run.
With the salmon landed, everyone went back to fishing. Jimmie Vang whipped his long cast well out into the current. The reel whined and the bright yellow lure slapped onto the water. Carter lumbered up the bank to sit on a drift wood log and light at least the tenth cigarette of the young day.
He admired Jimmie Vang's cast. " Spent two years trying to kill em in Vietnam now I'm fishing with em on the Sacramento River." He mumbled to no one in particular.
Behind and above the aged cottonwoods holding this worn section of riverbank roared the I-5 interstate, crammed with never-ending vehicles alternating between jams and sprints as it gravitated towards the gleaming office towers of the nearby capital center. The occupants raced by, oblivious to the river and the ancient migration of Chinook salmon , crowding upstream to spawn then die.
Carter glanced out at the expensive boats all tricked out with the latest gear, cruising up from the exclusive marinas of Old Town. They convoyed to hover at the demarcation of the clear snowmelt of the glacially cold American river with the murky agricultural run off of the Sacramento.
Fishing with Hugo Black, who with his family fled Hitler, and Jimmie Vang, who fought on the losing side in Vietnam. Surrounding the regular ensemble of survivors on the margin was a shifting cast. Strangers of varied background arrived periodically with new gear, flushed with expectancy. They would cast until their arm grew sore then surrender in frustration. But Rex Carter remained and usually caught fish, Fish he could no longer stand to eat. Fish, he gave away to homeless shelters and neighbors. Fishing was his refuge, his escape and, most important, he was good at it.
Carter perused today's assembly. He observed as they shot lines out into the mid river current, drop the lure to the bottom then slowly draw it to shore. When the lure came within a few feet of the bank they raised the pole and reeled faster to avoid snagging rock. One fisherman, on average, of the eight or ten usually fishing caught the rocks every three or four casts. Rex Carter seldom snagged. If he did, he knew all the tricks to free the hook and save an expensive lure. It was a point of honor. Sometimes, he'd imagine all the multicolored lures trapped by the rocks for years on end. Thousands of dollars of lures and line eventually swept to the sea. Enough to buy one of the luxury cruisers gliding past, up and down the Sacramento.
As he watched, one middle aged Vietnamese hooked a rock then struggled to free the lure. Most of the bank fishermen were Asian, Koreans, Thai, Chinese, some Japanese and Vietnamese with some Hispanics and the occasional Russian mixed in. Carter recognized the differences among the Asians. He especially distinguished the Vietnamese and this one he had not seen fishing before. Not seen fishing but had seen before. The man wore a broad brimmed straw hat, a blue faded to gray tunic like shirt, worn jeans and sandals. His skin drew taut across high cheekbones and hollow cheeks with a white blazing scar slashed from the corner of the right eye to the edge of his mouth. He could easily be standing on the bank of the Mekong. He clattered up current, dislodging loose boulders trying to free the hook. He twitched the tip of the pole repeatedly, gingerly at first then with more force and irritation. Finally he pulled directly down the line stretching it slowly until it went suddenly limp in the water, losing the lure. He cussed, peering up the bank catching Carter's stare. His eyes dropped quickly. He scrambled back to his place at the river's edge. Carter's eyes pursued like a hunter on alert. Carter studied the lightening shaped scar as he threaded line through the tiny eye of a shining new lure. The man peeked furtively from beneath his wide brimmed hat. He recognized Carter from long ago.
"Rexie, how come you are not fishing? Today the salmon they run." Hugo Black announced as he maneuvered into a seat on the rocks beside Carter.
"Rexie, I see the crew has taken out the yacht today without your permission." He teased as they watched a great white luxury cruiser slide by up river. Carter was silent.
"Hugo, you seen that guy before?" Carter asked nodding toward the Asian in the wide brimmed straw hat.
Ready to fish again, the Vietnamese in the straw hat assumed an available spot on the bank. Carter squinted out over his head to the western sun then up the flowing current of the river. His practiced eye discerned the shadows of salmon pressing themselves upstream. Occasionally, a dark back or bright tail would shatter the surface.
He began. "I started college intending to be an engineer but I ended up majoring in beer and billiards. I woke up one morning on top of a pool table not remembering how I got there. That wasn't all I couldn't remember. I couldn't remember enough answers on exams either. That was the late sixties before Bobby Kennedy got shot. After I left college I volunteered. I saw a recruiting poster. Uncle Sam wanted me and since he was the only one who did, I joined the army. I was going to be an artillery engineer. They sent me to school. You learned to calculate trajectories, angles and velocities. A lot of math and geometry goes into blowing people to smithereens. Now it's done by computer.
After they spent all that time and money on artillery training, they sent me to Korea. For six months in the winter I picked up cigarette butts in the snow. I decided there was no future in that so I went to my colonel and asked if there was anything else available.
He glared more intently as he spoke. Periodically the man darted a look back.
"I let loose. Firing at anything I could see. We were hovering only about 30-40 feet off the ground. Hovering like a pinata at a birthday party. They'd hit a fuel line and we were losing power.
The Vietnamese in the straw hat hooked a salmon. It was big, arcing his pole like a whip. Line whined out into the current. The others on the rocks reeled in and set their poles aside. No one picked up a net.
"You sure it's him, Rexie?" Hugo asked.
The drag on the line ceased. The man reeled the elevated pole down to the water's surface. Then slowly drew it up until the drag began to moan. When the bleat of the drag ceased he raised the pole again.. The fish tired and moved inexorably towards the shore. The man smiled anticipating his triumph. This was more than sport to him. Many fished here to feed their families.
"You didn't get hit then?" Hugo inquired.
The great salmon slapped his tail against the flow splashing the shore.
"Huge! Feed the family for a week." Hugo agreed. " Can't land it without a net though. The line will snap if he tries to haul it out. The fish is too big.
"Yea, the bank's too high and current's too fast to step into the water." Carter observed.
"River's deeper there than it looks." Hugo added.
"Sure is. Who knows, might drown if he goes in after it." Carter said with a grin. "Got himself a real problem, that boy. Maybe one of his 'associates' here will net it for him." Carter scanned the little enclave standing in silence taking in the struggle. Jimmie Vang made no move to help. The others shifted about indifferently, impatient to cast their lines again.
"It looks like he'll have to cut line and let that sucker go." Carter said.
"A shame, real shame." Carter said as the man in the straw hat scanned the riverbank. Their eyes met again. The same intense eyes Carter saw firing from the rice paddy. The man's attention returned to the great fish lolling in the water just below him. It was exhausted now, no fight left. It rolled within the sinews of the flow, flashing reds and silver mixed with gray green. The man tugged up on the pole stretching the line to the drag point. It was futile. He knew he could not land the fish. He slid his hand into his pocket removing a large clasped knife. He clutched the bent pole in his left hand. Deftly with one hand, he opened the knife . The wide blade flashed as it caught the glint of the sun. Carter admired the one handed action.
"That boy has done that before." He thought.
The man in the straw hat gazed down at the great fish rolling in the current undercutting the bank . He raised the knife and severed the line. The river grasped the fish pulling it down stream. It did not swim. It did not know it was free. Immobile it surged away in the current only to be caught in the black tangled chords of an all encompassing net.
Rex Carter heaved the great salmon up onto a slab of flat granite. It flopped about a bit then lay still, gulping at air. The Vietnamese stood over Carter, the shining knife raised high in hand. Carter maneuvered out the lure embedded in the fish's mouth and looked up. Once again the two stared at one another across a weapon. Carter offered the lure.
"You might need this?" He said, eyeing the knife. The man looked to the knife, surprised to see the blade still in hand. Adroitly, he flicked it closed. He took the lure and nodded.
Carter lugged the spent fish from the net and laid it like a sacrifice across the flat slab of stone. It spread out 30 inches of silver, red and dark green mass punctuated by orange spots. Together they stood admiring the catch.
"A monster, must be 30 pounds! Feed the family for a week." Carter said as he studied the scar slashed down the man's right cheek.
Rex Carter pulled the stub of his cigarette from the corner of his mouth and crushed it against a rock. He looked up at Hugo Black.
"Only in America." He said.


text:
Peridiscus lucidus is a species of flowering plant, the only species in the genus Peridiscus, which is one of four genera within the family Peridiscaceae. It grows in Venezuela and northern Brazil, in evergreen, sometimes riverine forests. It was originally described by Bentham and Hooker in 1862. The taxonomic history of Peridiscus and of Peridiscaceae is complex, though it was resolved by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Description
Peridiscus lucidus is a tree with glabrous leaves; its flowers grow on elongated racemes. The flowers have pale green to yellow or white sepals (4–6). The stamens are inserted outside the lobulate disc and the ovary is glabrous and partly sunken in the disc. The fruit is subglobose and greenish, with a single seed.

Bibliography

Peridiscaceae
Monotypic Saxifragales genera
Flora of Venezuela
Flora of Brazil


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text:
Golden Globes: Anti-Gun Hollywood Surrounded By Security Walls and Armed Guards
Anti-gun Hollywood celebrities enjoyed presidential-level protection by barricades, bomb-sniffing dogs, armed guards, LAPD officers, and numerous security checkpoints as they arrived for the 2019 Golden Globes.
Security was reportedly ramped up after last month's triple stabbing at a Manchester railway station on New Year's Eve.
"The recent attacks in Europe only reinforce that nothing can be left to chance tactically and strategically," a Los Angeles law enforcement official told Deadline. "Our plan is to have eyes everywhere and shut down any possible disturbance that could arise long before it gets anywhere near the venue or the event."
Law enforcement performs a security sweep of the red carpet as Jeannie Mai, right, prepares for the arrivals at the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019, in Beverly Hills, Calif. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
A police dog participates in a security sweep of the red carpet at the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019, in Beverly Hills, Calif. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
Law enforcement officers do a security sweep of the red carpet at the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019, in Beverly Hills, Calif. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
Variety previewed the heightened level of security expected around the Beverly Hilton — the venue for Sunday night's star-studded ceremony — by noting that the days of being able to park on the street, walk up, and get inside may be long gone. They report that "the City of Beverly Hills has cracked down on allowing crowds near the building."
And while the Beverly Hill Police Department would not go into details on specificity of their security plans, they made clear they would be using "additional staff and security measures to ensure a safe and secure site, utilizing the latest technology and best practices for high-profile events."
The @CityofBevHills IT leadership on site @goldenglobes with @BeverlyHillsPD pic.twitter.com/kzMTsdbuCN
— Sandra Spagnoli (@Chief_Spagnoli) January 6, 2019
Beverly Hills public information manager Keith Sterling made clear that federal agencies would also be involved in security. Sterling said, "As you might imagine, we are prohibited from discussing the specific security plans we have in place. But this is an extensive, collaborative effort, with federal and local agencies assisting the Beverly Hills Police Department."
A member of law enforcement screens behind a hedge on the red carpet at the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019, in Beverly Hills, Calif. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
A bomb-sniffing dog inspects a backpack during a security sweep on the red carpet at the 76th annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019, in Beverly Hills, Calif. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
After the good guys with guns keep Hollywood's upper crust safe at the Beverly Hilton, the celebrities can go back home, and wake up Monday to start pushing more gun control for commoners.
AWR Hawkins is an award-winning Second Amendment columnist for Breitbart News and the writer/curator of Down Range with AWR Hawkins, a weekly newsletter focused on all things Second Amendment. He is the political analyst for Armed American Radio. Follow him on Twitter: @AWRHawkins. Reach him directly at awrhawkins@breitbart.com. Sign up to get Down Range at breitbart.com/downrange.
2nd AmendmentEntertainmentGolden GlobeGolden Globe AwardsGolden Globesgun controlHollywoodLAPD


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Lars Ulrich interview: lockdown, missing live music, and the future of Metallica
By Paul Elliott (Classic Rock) 07 January 2021
Metallica's Lars Ulrich reveals the album that's soundtracked his lockdown, explains why Bon Scott was great, and speaks of the brilliant unpredictability of Ritchie Blackmore
(Image credit: Gina Wetzler / Getty Images)
This year, like every other band Metallica have been offthe road. Lars Ulrich tells Classic Rock that in all that downtime he's kept up his chops by playing along to their last studio record, Hardwired… To Self Destruct.
"Another record I've played along to is Rage Against The Machine, that first album ['92]," he says."That has been the soundtrack to this pandemic for me. I'm just blasting those songs, and they sound more relevant and more contemporary than they ever have."
At least you have an outlet for all that frustration.
Ha ha. That's right. And I guess Rage Against The Machine is perfect for that. I remember the last time I saw them, at the LA Coliseum in 2011. It was a hot, sweaty night, with that energy that you get in LA when you have those big concerts, and seeing seventy thousand people yell: "Fuck you I won't do what you tell me!" was one of the most insane concert moments I've ever experienced.
How much have you missed that in the past year – the thrill of being at a great gig?
I just think of how lucky I've been in the past, all the great shows I've seen. I saw Thin Lizzy multiple times between '76 and '80 – incredible. I saw Motörhead multiple times, '79 to '81 – insane. I saw AC/DC open for Black Sabbath in 1976. And I saw AC/DC headline in Copenhagen in '77, and Bon Scott was so great, you couldn't takes your eyes off him.
That was Bon in his heyday, with the tight jeans, the tennis shoes, the shirt off. And I loved the way he would hold the mic with the cord rolled up two or three times, and he would stand out there at the very edge of the stage when he wasn't singing, stand over on Malcolm's side and let Angus bounce around in front of him…
You also saw Ritchie Blackmore in his prime, with both Deep Purple and Rainbow.
I saw the first show Deep Purple played with David Coverdale and Glenn Hughes, and Rainbow played in Copenhagen a lot. It wasn't just Ritchie's guitar playing that was so impressive, it was also his personality – the Man In Black. He was always saying what was on his mind, even if it was a little contrary. Or he was winding people up – he was known as a bit of a prankster.
And then there were times when he would be a bit aloof. But there was what I would call an honesty to him. It always felt like he was true to whatever mood and the moment. There was something very authentic about Blackmore, and I guess I've always been kind of attracted to rock'n'roll when it has elements of danger and unpredictability. That to me is the spirit of rock'n'roll, and he was the guy for me. Bon Scott, Jim Morrison, Axl Rose, the Gallagher brothers, they all had elements of this.
When you think about getting on stage again with Metallica, are you ever reminded of the excitement you felt back in 1982 when the band played live for the first time?
Well, the interesting thing about that first gig was it was just Metallica, on a Sunday night at Radio City in Anaheim, California. And on the very first song, Hit The Lights, Dave Mustaine broke a guitar string, and so the space between the first song and the second song seemed like a never-ending eternity. It felt like my whole life!
I was just sitting up there trying to hide behind these drums. It was the strangest thing. But Dave got the guitar back together and we ended up playing the rest of the set. But there was a significant lull there. Trust me, I start shivering just talking about it now.
There was a new Metallica album out this year, S&M2, recorded live with the San Francisco Symphony. How does it stack up against the band's previous albums?
I don't think like that at all. Each record to me is a picture of a time period. 1988, …And Justice For All, that was what we did and we made all those choices, and I'm happy accepting it. Sometimes I think why did we do that and what were we thinking, without necessarily wanting to change it. But of the ones that we've done, it's with Hardwired that I have the fewest bewildered questions about the choices we made.
Have you started thinking about the next album yet?
It's going to be the best album we've ever done! Insert the rest of the clichés – it's the heaviest thing, the coolest… But all kidding aside, if it wasn't because we thought that the best record was still ahead of us, then why keep doing it? In Metallica we love the creative process, and it's hard for me to imagine that we'll ever stop making records.
For just €235 Brian May's new perfume will make you smell like the British countryside
The story of Free Bird by Lynyrd Skynyrd


Café Rio Mexican Grill recently opened their sixth east coast location in Chantilly this week, which marks their 53rd U.S. location.
Cafe Rio's menu is inspired by the traditional cooking found in Northern Mexico, Southern Texas, and New Mexico with every tortilla handmade to order in front of each customer.
"We are grateful that our first five east coast locations have been welcomed by the local communities in both Virginia and Maryland. Chantilly is another community that we are excited to embrace and giveback," comments Ben Craner, Chief Marketing Officer.
Can't beat this deal: The restaurant will offer Military Mondays granting a 25% discount to all active military and their families.


text:
Courts/Crime
Probation after restaurant robbery
The man accused of robbing Domino's Pizza in Platteville Dec. 19 was placed on five years probation in Grant County Circuit Court in Lancaster Thursday.
Ryan J. Barthel, 39, Madison, pleaded no contest May 14 to a charge of robbery with threat of force.
Barthel was ordered to pay restitution within 60 days, stay out of gambling facilities and not participate in online gambling, and participate in group support network recovery, and when deemed ready by his probation officer devote five hours per month to volunteer service for gambling addiction or childhood trauma.
Employees of Dominos Pizza, 490 E. Business 151, told Platteville police Dec. 10 that around 2:15 a.m. a man with his face painted black and armed with a knife robbed the store of cash and left in a dark-colored vehicle east on Business 151.
Shortly after that, according to police, a clerk at a Mineral Point business told a Mineral Point police officer that someone had been in his business washing his face. The officer alerted the Iowa County Sheriff's Department, which stopped the vehicle.
A search of Barthel revealed a knife, black boot polish, and cash, according to police.
Lafayette's OWI treatment court participants starting over
Attorneys in Harville murder case both ask for more time
Harville bound over for trial in boy's death
Several vehicles damaged in weekend hit and run


Get ready for TV interviews, and also learn how to have your own Show!
Dr. Tracey Brown, author of SINGLE MOM, PHD and EBB & FLOW and President/CEO of TRBZ Enterprises.
Posted On October 6, 2016 October 14, 2016 in Past Shows, Wed :: BELLA VIDA WOMEN LIVE with 0 Comments. Tagged: Bella Vida Women, broadcasting, claudia santiago, claudiasantiago.com, claudiasantiago.live, dr tracey brown, drtraceybrown.com, get tv ready, livestreaming, shows, special guests, studio, television, tv studio, women in media.


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The policy covers you whilst driving abroad, however personal liability cover will not apply. We do not provide cover for the vehicle as this should have been arranged with an appropriate motor insurance for this.
We include skiing as a winter sport activity and you would need to take out winter sports cover. Full details of winter sports activities and cover can be found in the Policy Wording.
Our Adventure/Activity Holidays Policy has an option to cover any engine size provided the appropriate licence is held and safety equipment (e.g. a helmet) is worn whilst riding. There is no Public Liability cover or cover for the motorbike itself. See Policy Wording for full details.
Am I covered for safaris?
Depending on which of our policies you chose, cover for safaris that are organised in the UK is included. If the safari is non-UK organised, an additional premium needs to be charged and you would need to refer to the list of Hazardous Pursuits/Activities for the relevant policy to see which category you would require. Both options are only available providing that no firearms are used.
All our policies offer cover for scuba diving, but depth covered as standard varies from policy to policy. You may increase the depth subject to an additional premium and providing you hold the relevant recognised qualification. Please refer to the Policy Wording for the details that apply to the policy.
Can you travel separately on an annual multi-trip policy?
Our annual multi-trip cover enables any adults to travel independently of each other. Independent travel is permitted for children on Family and Single Parent Family policies provided they are living in the same household and travelling in accordance with any carrier requirements and are either accompanied by another responsible adult or are staying with and being met at their destination by a responsible adult.
Our annual multi-trip policies allow you to travel for up to 31 days at any one time.
Is there a restriction on how many times I can travel on an annual multi-trip policy?
The number of times you travel is unlimited on an annual multi-trip policy.
No, on an annual policy you do not need to inform us when you are travelling.
What do I do if my money or possessions are stolen whilst I'm away?
The price quoted - is it the total or is it per person?
All prices quoted are in total for the number of travellers you have entered when obtaining your quotation and include IPT.
IPT stands for Insurance Premium Tax and is automatically included in all our prices at the current rate of 20%. This is a Government Tax.
If I wanted to buy a policy, are there any forms to fill out and send to you?
You do not need to complete any forms or send anything to us. We issue all documents online and you are instantly covered. It's as easy as that.
All your policy documentation will be e-mailed to you as soon as your purchase is complete. If you lose your Policy documentation we can arrange to resend it by email. Go to the Contact Us page and either email or call us with your request.
It would be advisable to take your policy documents with you when travelling. If this is not possible, make sure you have a note of your policy number and the emergency telephone numbers you may need. If you do forget we can send an SMS with your policy number and the emergency telephone number upon your request.
Yes, our website is secure; when you press the debit/credit card button you will be able to see the padlock in the top right-hand corner of your screen.
Is there any FCO advice available for my travel destination?
Below are a number of links to the FCO website where official up-to-date information can be found, including helpful travel advice & tips for British nationals overseas.
Travel Advice by Country, including warnings about 'no-go' countries, countries where only essential travel is recommended, the latest travel updates, and travel advice country by country.
Travel News, is an archive of travel related news items from all around the world.
Travel Aware, is an ongoing campaign to help Brits stay safe and healthy abroad.


text:
Key Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) publications
In this section you will discover a selection of published journal articles from DMD scientific and clinical research.
Life expectancy of patients with DMD: 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis that reviewed the body of published literature on life expectancy at birth in DMD, providing HCPs with an update regarding current prognosis for survival. Landfeldt E, et al. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;10.1007/s10654-020-00613-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-020-00613-8
How to reduce the time to DMD diagnosis: 2019 expert consensus
This review and expert consensus provides clear recommendations on the steps required to reach a complete diagnosis of DMD. Aartsma-Rus A, et al. J Pediatr. 2019;204:305. https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(18)31550-6/fulltext
International standard of care guidelines for the diagnosis & management of DMD
2018 update to the 2010 Duchenne Care Considerations outlines the latest in clinical care to help families and healthcare professionals manage DMD. The guidelines represent international consensus on the optimal diagnosis and management of DMD, offering guidance on assessments and interventions for the manifestations and secondary complications of the condition.
Part 1 Birnkrant DJ, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:251–267
Part 3 Birnkrant DJ, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:445-455
http://www.treat-nmd.eu/care/dmd/diagnosis-management-DMD/
Duchenne Care Considerations: a guide for families
Published in 2018, this guide summarises the 2018 Duchenne Care Considerations in language that is accessible for patients and their families. It aims to give patients, families and caregivers access to the information necessary to enable them to work with their healthcare team in delivering optimal DMD care. The guide is also available in various languages. http://www.treat-nmd.eu/care/dmd/family-guide/translations/
The importance of genetic testing for DMD: diagnosis, genetic therapies and implications for family members
This review discusses different mutations causing DMD, how to establish a genetic diagnosis, and the importance of having a specific genetic diagnosis in the context of emerging genetic therapies. Aartsma-Rus A, et al. J Med Genet. 2016;53:145–151. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4789806/
Infant screening for DMD
This review article presents a two-step CK-DNA pilot screening programme for DMD, which aims to improve rates of screening in infants to facilitate earlier diagnosis. Vita GL, Vita G. Neurol Sci. 2020;10.1007/s10072-020-04307-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32112218
Check out the meetings and events section for upcoming international (or local) congresses and events


It is the responsibility of the disciple of Jesus to demonstrate, in every dimension of their life, radical allegiance to the values of God's kingdom. No matter how incisive and eloquent our rhetoric, unless there is congruency of word and action, our witness becomes incredible to the world. As disciples of Jesus, we define our alien identity, not only by speaking out loudly and clearly against the injustice of the system, but also by the lifestyle we joyfully embrace. Co-option is less of a threat on the level of rhetoric than at the nitty-gritty of how we live. Because materialism is such a subtle force, we must consciously resist the distorted priorities of this culture and strive to have our lifestyle reflect the transcendent values of the kingdom of God.


text:
Q: How to update only the named view using UI-Router I am creating a web app to help students in science, history and math. When you first land on the site I have a home/landing page. When you click get started I route to /exam/instructions. Each of my steps instructions, math and science our templates that I load into the ui-view="exam-detail". Currently the whole ui-view loads when I navigate to and from instructions through sciences. Ideally I simply want an area for pagination and an area for the subject matter and only want the ui-view="exam-detail" to update with the correct template.
I have not used UI-Router at all and any assistance would be greatly appreciated.
index.html

state-exam>exam.html

route.js
(function() {
'use strict';

angular
.module('studentPortal')
.config(routeConfig);

function routeConfig($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {
$stateProvider
  .state('home', {
    url: '/',
    templateUrl: 'app/main/main.html',
    controller: 'MainController',
    controllerAs: 'main'
  })

  .state('exam', {
    url: '/exam/:step',
    abstract: true,
    templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam.html',
    controller: 'ExamController',
    controllerAs: 'examController',
  })

  .state('exam.instructions', {
    url: '/instructions',
    views: {
      'exam-pagination':{
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-pagination.html'
      },
      'exam-detail' : {
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-instructions.html'
      }
    }
  })

  .state('exam.math', {
    url: '/math',
    views: {
      'exam-pagination':{
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-pagination.html'
      },
      'exam-detail' : {
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-math.html'
      }
    }
  });
  $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/');
  }

})();

A: There is a working plunker
There is a similar Q & A in fact, with working plunker:
Angular UI Router - Nested States with multiple layouts
Solution here, is to move the static view from child to parent. It won't be reloaded for each child (view is reloaded only if parent state is changed). We will use absolute naming (see included links for more details)
So this is the code adjustment
.state('exam', {
    url: '/exam/:step',
    abstract: true,
    // the root view and the static pagination view
    // will be defined here, so we need views : {}
    views: {
      '':{
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam.html',
        controller: 'ExamController',
        controllerAs: 'examController',
      },
      // absolute naming targets the view defined above
      'exam-pagination@exam':{
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-pagination.html'
      },
    }
  })

  .state('exam.instructions', {
    url: '/instructions',
    views: {
      // 'exam-pagination':{}, // defined in parent
      'exam-detail' : {
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-instructions.html'
      }
    }
  })

  .state('exam.math', {
    url: '/math',
    views: {
      // 'exam-pagination':{}, // defined in parent
      'exam-detail' : {
        templateUrl: 'app/state-exam/exam-math.html'
      }
    }
  });

Also check this to get more details about absolute view naming

*

*Angular UI router nested views

*Angular-UI Router: Nested Views Not Working
The working example is here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Reintroduction and conservation efforts, such as in the United Kingdom and Portugal, [7] have resulted in an increase of red deer populations, while other areas, such as North Africa, have continued to show a population decline. The Poodle, and other dog breeds such as Schnauzers shed from their skin approximately every 21 days, thus greatly reducing the amount of allergens that could trigger an allergic reaction. It's so useful and Marlene wasn't definitely going to reveal who was each Red Coat A moment later, she is gone. Spencer believes this Red Coat is Alison.
Emily is taken to the police station and questioned by Tanner about a video she received. Crash and Burn, Girl! CeCe paid Nigel to cover her tracks. It is revealed in " Game Over, Charles " that it was CeCe who set up the flight, and it was Sara Harvey who flew in, in order to distract the girls. Red Coat walks up on the DiLaurentis lawn and waits for Mrs. DiLaurentis to turn off the lights. Once she does, Red Coat begins heading towards the house and goes to a gate on the side of porch.
She then begins to drill the gate open and pulls it off its hinges. The Mirror Has Three Faces. Hanna goes to the DiLaurentis house looking for Emily.
While she is there, Red Coat enters a room inside the house. Hanna goes to Alison 's old room and looks at her jewelry and things.
She comes upon a music box and begins playing it, when Red Coat appears in the mirror but walks away unnoticed. Bring Down the Hoe. CeCe is in Ezra Fitz 's lair on the phone. As the camera pans away we see that a red coat is draped over a chair. At the Hoedown, Emily spots Red Coat but loses her. Spencer shows up and Emily tells her what she saw.
Spencer questions Emily if it was CeCe and they see her again, chasing her outside. They believe they see her heading down the road, and break into a truck to follow her. Red Coat jumps into the back of the truck and Emily notices her moving. They get a hoe and hit in the hay, but Red Coat is gone, leaving only her coat behind. They check the coat and find that it's missing a button, one which they had found earlier in the DiLaurentis crawlspace.
Later, CeCe is seen in her black hoodie but is wearing the same black heels and pants that Red Coat wears, meaning that it was her at the Hoedown. In Ravenswood , Someone traps Emily in a coffin and puts her on a sawmill. The girls try to figure out where she is when they see Red Coat running over to the sawmill.
They chase her inside but she disappears. Although at one time red deer were rare in parts of Europe, they were never close to extinction. Reintroduction and conservation efforts, such as in the United Kingdom and Portugal, [7] have resulted in an increase of red deer populations, while other areas, such as North Africa, have continued to show a population decline.
The red deer is the fourth-largest deer species behind moose , elk and sambar deer. It is a ruminant, eating its food in two stages and having an even number of toes on each hoof, like camels , goats and cattle. European red deer have a relatively long tail compared to their Asian and North American relatives. Subtle differences in appearance are noted between the various subspecies of red deer, primarily in size and antlers, with the smallest being the Corsican red deer found on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and the largest being the Caspian red deer [8] or maral of Asia Minor and the Caucasus Region to the west of the Caspian Sea.
The deer of central and western Europe vary greatly in size, with some of the largest deer found in the Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe. Large red deer stags, like the Caspian red deer or those of the Carpathian Mountains, may rival the wapiti in size. Female red deer are much smaller than their male counterparts. At the other end of the scale, the Corsican red deer C. The males of many subspecies also grow a short neck mane during the autumn.
The male deer of the British Isles and Norway tend to have the thickest and most noticeable manes. Male Caspian red deer C. Male deer of all subspecies, however, tend to have stronger and thicker neck muscles than female deer, which may give them an appearance of having neck manes. Red deer hinds females do not have neck manes. The European red deer is adapted to a woodland environment. Only the stags have antlers , which start growing in the spring and are shed each year, usually at the end of winter.
A soft covering known as velvet helps to protect newly forming antlers in the spring. European red deer antlers are distinctive in being rather straight and rugose, with the fourth and fifth tines forming a "crown" or "cup" in larger males. Any tines in excess of the fourth and fifth tine will grow radially from the cup, which are generally absent in the antlers of smaller red deer, such as Corsican red deer.
Western European red deer antlers feature "bez" second tines that are either absent or smaller than the brow tines. However, bez tines occur frequently in Norwegian red deer. Antlers of Caspian red deer carry large bez tines and form less-developed cups than western European red deer, their antlers are thus more like the "throw back" top tines of the wapiti C. A stag can exceptionally have antlers with no tines, and is then known as a switch.
Similarly, a stag that does not grow antlers is a hummel. The antlers are testosterone -driven and as the stag's testosterone levels drop in the autumn, the velvet is shed and the antlers stop growing. During the autumn, all red deer subspecies grow thicker coats of hair, which helps to insulate them during the winter.
Autumn is also when some of the stags grow their neck manes. The Caspian red deer's winter coat is greyer and has a larger and more distinguished light rump-patch like wapiti and some central Asian red deer compared to the Western European red deer, which has more of a greyish-brown coat with a darker yellowish rump patch in the winter.
By the time summer begins, the heavy winter coat has been shed; the animals are known to rub against trees and other objects to help remove hair from their bodies. Red deer have different colouration based on the seasons and types of habitats, with grey or lighter colouration prevalent in the winter and more reddish and darker coat colouration in the summer. Cervus genus ancestors of red deer first appear in fossil records 12 million years ago during the Miocene in Eurasia. The red deer is the largest non-domesticated land mammal still existing in Ireland.
In the Netherlands, a large herd ca. Ireland has its own unique subspecies. In France the population is thriving, having multiplied fivefold in the last half-century, increasing from 30, in to approximately , in The deer has particularly expanded its footprint into forests at higher altitudes than before.
The University of Edinburgh found that, in Scotland, there has been extensive hybridisation with the closely related sika deer. Several other populations have originated either with "carted" deer kept for stag hunts being left out at the end of the hunt, escapes from deer farms, or deliberate releases.
Carted deer were kept by stag hunts with no wild red deer in the locality and were normally recaptured after the hunt and used again; although the hunts are called "stag hunts", the Norwich Staghounds only hunted hinds female red deer , and in , at least eight hinds some of which may have been pregnant were known to be at large near Kimberley and West Harling ; [19] they formed the basis of a new population based in Thetford Forest in Norfolk. Further substantial red deer herds originated from escapes or deliberate releases in the New Forest , the Peak District , Suffolk , Lancashire , Brecon Beacons , and North Yorkshire , as well as many other smaller populations scattered throughout England and Wales , and they are all generally increasing in numbers and range.
A census of deer populations in and again in coordinated by the British Deer Society records the red deer as having continued to expand their range in England and Wales since , [20] with expansion most notable in the Midlands and East Anglia. In New Zealand , red deer were introduced by acclimatisation societies along with other deer and game species.
The first red deer to reach New Zealand were a pair sent by Lord Petre in from his herd at Thorndon Park , Essex, to the South Island, but the hind was shot before they had a chance to breed. Lord Petre sent another stag and two hinds in , and these were liberated near Nelson , from where they quickly spread.
The first deer to reach the North Island were a gift to Sir Frederick Weld from Windsor Great Park and were released near Wellington ; these were followed by further releases up to Between and March , 1,, deer were killed on official operations. The introduced red deer have adapted well and are widely hunted on both islands; many of the introductions used deer originating from Scotland Invermark or one of the major deer parks in England, principally Warnham, Woburn Abbey or Windsor Great Park.
Some hybridisation happened with the closely related American elk Cervus canadensis nelsoni introduced in Fiordland in New Zealand red deer produce very large antlers and are regarded as amongst the best in the world by hunters. Along with the other introduced deer species, they are, however, officially regarded as a noxious pest and are still heavily culled using professional hunters working with helicopters, or even poisoned.
Today, red deer in Australia range from Queensland south through New South Wales into Victoria and across to South Australia, with the numbers increasing. The Queensland, Victorian and most New South Wales strains can still be traced to the early releases, but South Australia's population, along with all others, is now largely recent farm escapees. This is having adverse effects on the integrity of wild herds, as now more and larger herds are being grown due to the superior genetics that have been attained by selective breeding.
In Argentina and Chile, the red deer has had a potentially adverse impact on native animal species, such as the South Andean deer or huemul ; the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has labelled the animal as one of the world's worst invaders.
Red deer in Europe generally spend their winters at lower altitudes in more wooded terrain. During the summer, they migrate to higher elevations where food supplies are greater and better for the calving season.
Until recently, biologists considered the red deer and elk or wapiti C. This belief was based largely on the fully fertile hybrids that can be produced under captive conditions. Genetic evidence clearly shows the wapiti and common red deer form two separate species. Another member of the red deer group which may represent a separate species is C.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature originally listed nine subspecies of red deer Cervus elaphus: The species as a whole, however, is listed as least concern. The common red deer is also known as simply red deer. Selected members of the red deer species group are listed in the table below. Of the ones listed, C. Mature red deer C. During the mating season, called the rut , mature stags compete for the attentions of the hinds and will then try to defend the hinds they attract.
Rival stags challenge opponents by belling and walking in parallel. This allows combatants to assess each other's antlers, body size and fighting prowess. If neither stag backs down, a clash of antlers can occur, and stags sometimes sustain serious injuries. Dominant stags follow groups of hinds during the rut, from August into early winter. Convertible Baby Snowsuit - pink light all over printed. Baby Padded Jumpsuit with Plush Lining - grey dark solid.
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Though University officials say Muslim Cornell students were not under surveillance, the news police investigation has led student leaders to ratchet up their calls for a more productive cross-cultural dialogue on campus.
The NYPD came under scrutiny last month when it was revealed to have monitored the daily communications of Muslim student organizations and their members in at least 13 universities across the northeast region, including the University of Pennsylvania, Yale College, Rutgers University and SUNY Buffalo, according to Feb. 19 report by the Associated Press.
However, the recent revelations concerning the NYPD have moved dialogue efforts to build dialogue in a less-than-constructive direction, according to both student leaders and Renee Alexander '74, associate dean of students and director of intercultural programs.
Cornell has not received "any reports in reference to our Muslim community" being placed under surveillance, according to Alexander.
However, she acknowledged that such monitoring could occur without the University's knowledge.
Although Alexander said that the NYPD has a "very difficult and complex job, especially in a post-9/11 environment," she said she was adamant in her opposition to the conduction of targeted surveillance on Cornell's campus.
Despite the vehement opposition to the surveillance, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has repeatedly defended the NYPD.
"Of course we're going to look at anything that's publicly available in the public domain. We have an obligation to do so," Bloomberg said at a press conference.
Prof. Ross Brann, acting chair of the Near Eastern studies department and faculty advisor for the IAJ, said that he opposed the "blanket surveillance" of Muslim students if they had no history of law-breaking.
Brann and Alexander said they unequivocally support the efforts of the University's Muslim student organizations.
"IAJ, CAMC and MECA have strong records of educating the campus community about issues of concern … and of participating in diversity initiatives," Brann said.
The specter of possible police surveillance aside, more students and faculty said that they believe the Cornell community has, in general, accepted its Muslim colleagues.
Ahsan pointed to MECA's Islam Awareness Week, which will take place from April 6 to 13 this year, as a means by which Cornell students can learn about their Muslim colleagues.
Rahman cited a February CAMC event called the "All-Cornellian Muslim" Banquet, which was aimed to teach students about the diversity of Muslims at the University.
Still, the NYPD surveillance controversy has left a bitter taste in the mouths of some students, including Ahsan.


"There are a number of seriously delicious artisanal hams being made all over this pig-happy country of ours."
That is the porcine question of the day. It all started with Italian prosciutto di Parma, progressed to Serrano ham from Spain, and then of course moved to the ne plus ultra of European ham, the black-footed (patenegra in Spanish), called Jamon Iberico. But now American artisanal ham makers are getting in on the act. Herb and Kathy Eckhouse started making extraordinary La Quercia prosciutto in Des Moines, Iowa. How extraordinary? Italian chefs in America who worship at the feet of Parma ham like Mario Batali started taking notice.
Have you ever placed a vanishingly thin morsel of rosy meat on your tongue and had it fill your mouth with deepest porkiness, or the aroma of tropical fruits, or caramel, or chocolate? Or all of the above? A really good dry-cured ham can do just that. Not a standard pink, cooked ham, juicy with injected brine, but a raw ham preserved by the application of dry salt, hung up to age for months or years, then sliced paper-thin and eaten as is, uncooked, yet transformed into the intense, silken essence of meat.
"The intense, silken essence of meat." Wow! When Harold McGee waxes rhapsodic, it's definitely time to taste this ham. So I was thinking that I would order some when out of the blue, a messenger showed up at Serious Eats World HQ with a cute plastic-wrapped portion of Surryano ham. Ham-a-lleujah, the Serious Eaters all said.
But is it seriously delicious?
We took the ham out of the fridge, then out of the plastic. We let the ham breathe (I know it sounds pretentious) and then put it on a Sullivan Street Bakery baguette called a stirrato. No condiments touched this ham, no mustard, no olive oil, no butter, no mayo, no nuthin'.
And it didn't need any of them. The Surryano ham was world-class seriously delicious: porky, nutty, salty, sweet, smoky, fatty, meat-tastic. It might be the best American ham sandwich ever; no check that, it is the best American ham sandwich ever. Actually, I can't make such a definitive statement.
There are a number of seriously delicious artisanal hams being made all over this pig-happy country of ours. I have now decided that we must taste each and every one of them at Serious Eats World HQ in the coming days and weeks. Just this morning I got off the phone with Herb Eckhouse ordering some fairly recent additions to his line of wondrous pig products.
When we have concluded our American artisanal ham tour by mail, we will know for sure if ham has become the new bacon. Until then, as we've said before on Serious Eats, praise the lard, praise the lard.