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How and when MOSFETs blow up
February 26, 2016 By Lee Teschler 8 Comments
by Majeed Ahmad
High temperatures and operating conditions outside the safe operating area can sabotage MOSFETs used in switching circuits.
The MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) is a primary component in power conversion and switching circuits for such applications as motor drives and switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs). MOSFETs boast a high input gate resistance while the current flowing through the channel between the source and drain is controlled by the gate voltage. However, if not appropriately handled and protected, the high input impedance and gain can also lead to MOSFET damage caused by over voltage or too-high current.
First a few basics about avoiding MOSFET damage. Obviously, Vgs and Vds must both be within limits. The same for current, Id. There is also a power limit given by the maximum junction temperature. Basic values for the upper maximum on these parameters are given in the safe operating area (SOA) graph in the MOSFET datasheet. But it turns out, other thermal limits can apply. The SOA graph, for example, generally assumes an ambient temperature of 25° C with a specific junction temperature, usually below 150° C. But there are a variety of conditions that may cause high thermal gradients that may lead to expansion and cracking of the MOSFET die.
New generations of MOSFETs incorporate features that include a low RDS(on) to minimize conduction losses and improve operational efficiency. Examples include NTMFS5C404NLT, NTMFS5C410NLT and NTMFS5C442NLT MOSFETs from ON Semiconductor, which have maximum RDS(on) values of 0.74, 0.9 and 2.8 mΩ respectively. These are complemented by NTMFS5C604NL, NTMFS5C612NL and NTMFS5C646NL models, which have breakdown voltage ratings of 60 V. Both 40- and 60-V devices are rated to operate at junction temperatures up to 175° C to facilitate greater thermal headroom for designs.
One factor to consider in this regard is that MOSFET thermal resistance is an average; it applies if the whole die is at a similar temperature. But MOSFETs designed for switch-mode power supplies can experience a wide temperature variation over different areas of their die. Optimized for on/off switching, they typically don't work well in their linear region.
A typical failure mode for a MOSFET is a short between source and drain. In this case, only the source impedance of the power source limits the peak current. A common outcome of a direct short is a melting of the die and metal, eventually opening the circuit. For example, a suitably high voltage applied between the gate and source (VGS) will break down the MOSFET gate oxide. Gates rated at 12 V will likely succumb at about 15 V or so; gates having a 20-V rating typically fail at around 25 V.
All in all, exceeding the MOSFET voltage rating for just a few nanoseconds can destroy it. Device manufacturers recommend selecting MOSFET devices conservatively for expected voltage levels and further suggest suppressing any voltage spikes or ringing.
Too little gate drive
MOSFET devices are designed to dissipate minimal power when turned on. And the MOSFET must be turned on hard to minimize dissipation during conduction, otherwise it will have a high resistance during conduction and will dissipate considerable power as heat.
Generally speaking, a MOSFET passing high current will heat up. Poor heat sinking can destroy the MOSFET from excessive temperature. One way of avoiding too-high current is to parallel multiple MOSFETs so they share load current.
MOSFET power versus temperature graphs typically make assumptions about heat sinking and mounting, as is the case with this graph for an ON Semiconductor CPH3348 device.
Many P- and N-channel MOSFETs are used in topologies involving an H- or L-bridge configuration between voltage rails. Here, if the control signals to the MOSFETs overlap, the transistors will effectively short-circuit the supply. This is known as a shoot-through condition. When it arises, any supply decoupling capacitors discharge rapidly through both MOSFETs during every switching transition, causing short but large current pulses.
The way to avoid this condition is to provide a dead time between switching transitions, during which neither MOSFET is on.
A typical MOSFET safe-operating area graph, this one is for a CPH3348 MOSFET from ON Semiconductor. The SOA graph generally assumes an ambient temperature of 25° C, with a junction temperature below 150° C.
Over-currents even for a short duration can cause progressive damage to a MOSFET, often with little noticeable temperature rise before failure. MOSFETs often carry a high peak-current rating, but these typically assume peak currents only lasting 300 µsec or so. It is particularly important to over-rate MOSFETs for peak current when they switch inductive loads.
When switching inductive loads there must be a path for back EMF to freewheel when the MOSFET switches off. Freewheeling is the sudden voltage spike seen across an inductive load when its supply voltage is suddenly interrupted. Enhancement mode MOSFETs incorporate a diode that provides this protection.
High-Q resonant circuits can store considerable energy in their inductance and capacitance. Under certain conditions, this high energy causes the current to freewheel through the internal body diodes of the MOSFETs as one MOSFET turns off and the other turns on. (An intrinsic body diode is formed in the body-drain p-n junction connected between the drain and source. In N-channel devices, the body diode anode connects to the drain. The polarity is reversed in P-channel MOSFETs.) A problem can arise because of the slow turn-off (or reverse recovery) of the internal body diode when the opposing MOSFET tries to turn on.
MOSFET body diodes generally have a long reverse recovery time compared to the performance of the MOSFETs themselves. If the body diode of one MOSFET conducts when the opposing device is on, a short circuit arises resembling the shoot-through condition. The solution to this problem involves a Schottky diode and a fast-recovery diode. The Schottky diode connects in series with the MOSFET source and prevents the MOSFET body diode from ever being forward biased by the freewheeling current. The high-speed (fast recovery) diode connects in parallel with the MOSFET/Schottky pair. It lets the freewheeling current bypass the MOSFET and Schottky completely. This ensures the MOSFET body diode is never driven into conduction.
The duration of MOSFET on time can greatly impact thermal resistance. This particular example graph is for a CPH3348 MOSFET from ON Semiconductor.
A MOSFET dissipates little energy during its steady on and off states, but it dissipates considerable energy during times of a transition. Thus, it is desirable to switch as quickly as possible to minimize power dissipated. Because the MOSFET gate is basically capacitive, it requires appreciable current pulses to charge and discharge the gate in a few tens of nanoseconds. Peak gate currents can be as high as an ampere.
The high impedance of MOSFET inputs can lead to stability problems. Under certain conditions, high-voltage MOSFETs can oscillate at high frequencies because of stray inductance and capacitance in the surrounding circuit (frequencies usually in the low megahertz range). Device manufacturers recommend that a low-impedance gate-drive circuit be used to prevent stray signals from coupling to the MOSFET gate.
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Common misconceptions about the MOSFET body diode
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Filed Under: MOSFETS, Power Electronics Handbook Tagged With: onsemiconductor
Emmanuel Anyimadu says
This is an incredible article , it gives a loud able knowledge how mosfet works as a switch and simple preventative measures….
mainton says
……. this is the article I have been missing….
Abu Michael says
this is a ton of info on Mosfets, waohh..after applying one or two of the preventive measures, your circuit should work fine
Gibo Gibo says
Rare find discussing about what would happen if MOSFET is subjected to its limits. Very good reference for design and safety.
Richard Grace says
Another thing to look out for is the over voltage from the curcuit ringing. To prevent this a snubber could be added or a zener diode, to the MOSFET never experiences over voltage
Sharad says
article has crisp and crystal clear details on MOSFET.
Sven says
Thank you for this article. I enjoyed reading it!
I repaired a 300 W conventional inverter 12V to 230V, and replaced 1 set of 2 out of 2 sets of 2 of IRF840 MOSFETs each in the process. The original fault was a broken MPSA44 and also a parallel diode (1N4148) to one of the MOSFETs, which I both replaced. It then worked fine when I plugged in 1 laptop computer. When I plugged in a 2nd laptop the inverter suddenly stopped working and the red LED flashed (fault). I then switched off, and then switched on without load, and the 2 MOSFETs that I had replaced both short-circuited, blowing the external fuse as a result. When measuring other parameters with the multimeter, everything seemed alright. I'm now out of MOSFETs, and don't know what else could be broken.
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PM Article: Destination O'Fallon
How an Illinois City Became a Hot Spot for Recreational Tourism
ARTICLE | Feb 27, 2018
By Walter Denton, Grant Litteken
Soccer fields at the O'Fallon Family Sports Park. Photo provided by O'Fallon, Illinois.
By Walter Denton and Grant Litteken
Promoting tourism is easy for some communities. Oceans, mountains, and historic landmarks have their own natural appeal. How do local governments attract visitors without these types of attractions?
The city of O'Fallon, Illinois (a St. Louis suburb with 30,400 population), used its central location and high-quality-of-life ethic to create an economic development engine built around recreational tourism. Each year, thousands of soccer, baseball, softball, and lacrosse teams travel to O'Fallon to compete in regional and national tournaments.
The players on those teams, along with their parents and sometimes extended families, stay in O'Fallon hotels, eat in O'Fallon restaurants, and shop in O'Fallon stores. Economic impact studies estimate that families staying overnight in O'Fallon spend an average of $136 per day, which translates into $5.1 million in economic impact each year.
O'Fallon plans to double that total impact with the completion of "Destination O'Fallon." The city launched this in 2016, its most ambitious project to date. It is an economic development initiative that is an investment in the community and intended to spur economic growth, to support youth and families in a truly positive way, and to help the city realize its vision for a successful and prosperous community.
Destination O'Fallon included a number of projects and community-wide investments intended to make it a national destination. Two of the largest projects include a state-of-the-art, multi-sports complex in O'Fallon's existing Family Sports Park and a new multi-purpose community plaza in the heart of downtown.
Proposing a progressive idea without a way to pay for it is a death sentence for any project. So, first and foremost, the city had to find a funding source for its vision.
Any effort to raise funds through property tax would surely be followed by city leaders being chased out of town. This is especially true in Illinois, which has the second highest property taxes in the country—nearly double the national average.
An increase in sales tax could cause a decrease in retail growth and would be a counterproductive economic development strategy. O'Fallon leaders knew the importance of reinvesting in the growth of the community and quickly concluded that most traditional funding sources would be prohibitive, besides one: the hotel occupancy tax.
The idea was not revolutionary, but it was bold. The city asked hotels to support a 4 percent increase in the hotel operators' occupation tax, which is a tax on overnight hotel bookings. The logic for this tax was based on the premise that the money collected would be used to promote economic development.
Economic development, in turn, would result in additional business for the hotel and lodging industry. Economic development that increases hotel use and lodging plus attracts visitors to a community is tourism.
When the foundation of this tourism rests upon parks, recreation, and sports, it is "recreational tourism." O'Fallon's local hotels recognized the potential and supported the project.
Increasing the Hotel/Motel Tax
In November 2016, councilmembers voted to increase O'Fallon's hotel occupancy tax rate from 5 percent to 9 percent to cover payment of multiple construction projects for the comprehensive plan's outline, which has the goal of attracting more visitors and businesses.
The plan was full-circle economic development, using hotel tax revenue from out-of-town visitors to fund economic development infrastructure, which results in higher use of hotels. Prior to Destination O'Fallon, hotel use in O'Fallon was approximately 163,000 room stays per year, resulting in approximately $16.3 million revenue for hotels. The 5 percent hotel/motel tax meant $815,000 in tax revenue for the city.
These figures are based on the average for a night's stay at $100, before taxes and fees, an amount typical for O'Fallon hotels. By increasing the tax, the city stood to gain an additional $652,000 in tax revenue annually. The city used this additional revenue to fund the $9.5 million bond needed to pay for the project.
The city also budgeted and structured the finances conservatively, basing the increased revenue on only the increase of the tax rate and not on an increase in hotel room usage. Any growth in hotel usage would result in further increased revenue that would not be earmarked for retiring debt. In other words, more heads in beds means more revenue for city use.
A New Family Sports Park
The most impactful project would be in the O'Fallon Family Sports Park. The city proposed to convert its existing natural grass soccer fields into eight all-weather, state-of-the-art, multisport fields that could host soccer tournaments as well as many other sports, showcases, and events.
With an anticipated 2,000 games to be played on each of these fields every year, the city needed a playing surface that could withstand both wear and water. A natural grass field could not stand up to this level of play.
The durability of fields was also important for attracting tournaments to the area. A resilient playing surface is essential as no one wants to travel three to five hours to a tournament that might get rained out or cancelled due to weather conditions.
As with anything, higher quality costs more money. The city knew it would have to make a significant investment to ensure its place as a competitive market for large tournaments.
Early estimates for improvements to the sports park presented a budget of $13 million and a build schedule of 16 months—a budget and timeline that nearly stopped the project dead in its tracks. City staff went back to the drawing table, and this time invited a local construction firm to reprogram the project scope, approach, and delivery system so that the project could be completed and usable in less than nine months and within the $9.5 million budget.
An accelerated construction schedule and reduced construction costs were accomplished with unique techniques implemented by the construction firm and O'Fallon's parks and recreation staff. Reduction of the budget and schedule were accomplished by implementing a field design that minimized drainage, grading, and soil stabilization and used a cooperative purchasing program through the National Joint Powers Alliance (NJPA).
Purchasing through NJPA allowed O'Fallon to purchase the fields and LED lighting at a significant savings. The savings, estimated at approximately $800,000, provided enough budget room not only to complete the project within budget but also to allow for an additional field to be added.
NJPA's cooperative contract purchasing leverages the national purchasing power of more than 50,000 member agencies, while also streamlining the required purchasing process. As a national, municipal contracting agency, NJPA establishes and provides nationally leveraged and competitively solicited purchasing contracts under the guidance of the Uniform Municipal Contracting Law. Joint-powers laws enable members to legally purchase through the organization's awarded contracts.
In addition to cooperative purchasing, the city used two traditional bid packages for restroom facilities and support infrastructure. This was done to complete the scope of the field construction in 89 days and construction of the entire complex in less than six months, which included nearly two miles of walking paths and more than 650 new parking spaces.
Most importantly, the project was completed within budget, at $9.3 million.
On September 15, 2017, the city reopened the sports park, featuring eight synthetic, all-weather turf fields with LED lighting. Residents kicked a soccer goal instead of the traditional ribbon cutting.
The city anticipates 10 tournaments in the first year, with more than 150 teams participating in each tournament. The city is preparing to conduct an economic impact analysis of the new development, but early evaluations have estimated that the economic impact of the family sports park could double from $5.1 million to more than $10 million each year.
In addition to the profound economic impact and attraction of large tournaments, the new fields will be used for more than 200 local youth soccer league games and at least 300 practices by local soccer teams and clubs.
Turning Attention to the Downtown Area
Once the fields and the sports park were complete, the city turned to creating a new destination in its historic downtown.
While a good problem to have, O'Fallon's convenient location and interstate access prevent many visitors from experiencing the entire community. Downtown O'Fallon is vibrant and distinctive, but a visiting family might spend an entire weekend in O'Fallon—all within one mile of the Interstate—playing in soccer games, sleeping in a hotel, eating, and shopping, without knowing of the existence of downtown O'Fallon.
It would take something special to get them to travel off the beaten path, and visit the heart of the community.
City leaders looked at successful downtowns like Lexington, Kentucky, and Kirkwood, Missouri, and each had one distinguishable asset: a central gathering space that could host events, farmers markets, performances, and much more.
Along with the sports complex improvements, O'Fallon set out to build a downtown plaza as a central gathering spot. When complete, it will attract residents and visitors to its location, and therefore grow this part of O'Fallon into another destination.
The intent is that the plaza will provide a destination that works in unison with the sports tournaments and other already established attractions. At the time this article was written, O'Fallon was still in the design phase to navigate the challenges of building a multiuse pavilion in a downtown setting: parking, impact on nearby residents, railroad tracks, and one inconveniently located high-pressure gas main.
Despite the challenges, the city continues to press forward on improving its eclectic heart and core and expects the new plaza to be complete in 2018.
Support Pivotal to Success
No project of this magnitude can be done in a vacuum. O'Fallon was only able to complete these projects due to the great support and assistance from many individuals and organizations.
A great deal of thanks is owed to current and past mayors, current and former councilmembers, city staff, and contractors who helped make this a successful project that saved $800,000 in project costs. All this without losing any playing time for regional and national tournaments.
Walter Denton, ICMA-CM, is city administrator, and Grant Litteken is assistant to the city administrator, O'Fallon, Illinois (wdenton@ofallon.org; glitteken@ofallon.org).
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Bloom's Taxonomy Level 3
3. Bloom's Taxonomyof educational learning objectives aiming at redefining existing practices and models of thinking about real world topics — such as global women's rights or climate change. Ulla.
Bloom's Revised Taxonomy is used to scaffold the tasks and responses in this portfolio. The portfolio demonstrates the deep content knowledge of the producer through responses to tasks aimed at Bloom's six levels of thinking, and at an adult level.
BLOOM'S TAXONOMY TABLE 3-3 Correlation Chart between Bloom's Taxonomy, Study Objectives and End-of-Chapter Exercises and Problems Study Objective Knowledge Comprehension
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Mastery learning (or, as it was initially called, "learning for mastery") is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy, first formally proposed by Benjamin Bloom in 1968. Mastery learning maintains that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
Nov 29, 2018. Bloom's taxonomy is a framework of educational objectives that. Level 3 – Application: The Associated Action verbs (indicative list) for Level 3.
Feb 5, 2018. Bloom's taxonomy is nothing short of a simple yet powerful. model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity"1. While the major categories are generally hierarchical3 it seems to me that the.
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There are six levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. 1. and procedures. 3. Application refers to the ability to use learned material in new and concrete situations. This.
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We are using Bloom's Taxonomy which is a higher-level thinking model." "Puzzling things out together helps children learn to optimize everyone's skills in solving a problem, producing something or.
We considered the third level of Bloom's, application, to be a transition. them in the position of evaluator, and (3) to provide students with student-created.
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It's also useful to check the 'reading level' of your framework and. If you're familiar with Bloom's Taxonomy, then you may find The Differentiator useful. This pairs verbs with the various levels.
Bloom's cognitive domains. Bloom's cognitive taxonomy originally was represented by six different domain levels: (1) knowledge, (2) comprehension, (3) application, (4) analysis, (5) synthesis, and (6) evaluation. All of the Bloom domains focused on the knowledge and cognitive processes. The.
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The six levels of Bloom's taxonomy are as follows: 1. Knowledge:. 3. Application : Taking a concept under study and using it in a new or hypothetical situation to.
Mastery learning (or, as it was initially called, "learning for mastery") is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy, first formally proposed by Benjamin Bloom in 1968. Mastery learning maintains that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite.
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Level 3 measures are often challenging to develop and implement. a written or oral examination), the depth of knowledge expected (eg, Bloom's taxonomy for learning), 5, 6 the mode of evaluation (eg.
How does this resource excite and engage children's learning? A pack of Guided Reading Question mats based on the six strands of Blooms Taxonomy
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Why do we use Costa's levels of questions and Bloom's taxonomy? Costa's levels of questioning and Bloom's questions help us think critically and pose higher level questions.
(Level 1). Comprehension. (Level 2). Application. (Level 3). Analysis. (Level 4). Synthesis. (Level 5). Evaluation. (Level 6). Bloom's. Definition. Remember.
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May 13, 2014. Bloom's Taxonomy refers to a classification of the different objectives. below with sample verbs and sample learning objectives for each level.
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Process information on a low level. Bloom. Know/Remember. "The recall of. Key Verbs That May. Clue Level. Evidence of Depth of Knowledge. Level 3.
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Jan 14, 2010. Bloom's Taxonomy identifies six categories (levels of learning) from simple. At level 3, the individual demonstrates his/her ability to apply the.
Natural sciences. Taxonomy (biology), a branch of science that encompasses the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms Alpha taxonomy, the description and basic classification of new species, subspecies, and other taxa; Linnaean taxonomy meaning either of:.
Below is a basic diagram of Bloom's Taxonomy. The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. Level 1 – Remembering, Level 2 – Understanding, Level 3 – Applying.
Examples of knowledge level questions are the following: Write the equations for a. are then reduced to problems requiring the use of skill level 3 (application).
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For the record, my aim here is not to rewrite Bloom's Taxonomy, (mis)appropriate portions of it. very motivated and almost certainly will not learn as much as they could. 3. Motivation. Although.
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Nov 28, 2017. Bloom's Taxonomy. Complex Thinking Road Map [Page 1]. Question matches in your estimation. Level 1. Level 2. Level 3. Level 4. Level 5.
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(Partially Editable- You can add your own questions.) Incorporate Bloom's Taxonomy language and questioning in your daily lessons with this set of Bloom's Button Question Cards. Great to use with any fictional read aloud. Have students take a button break. Students can choose a button color ra.
3. Teacher language that is specific and appropriate to the grade level and content according to taxonomy, such as Bloom's. For example, kindergarten teachers should use different language than high.
"It is great for the classroom because the students can start a video and then pick up from where they left off," says panelist Julie Stewart, the team lead for grades 2 and 3 at Colorado.
Research shows that learning a second language at a young age has measurable cognitive. which is the highest cognitive skill according to Bloom's taxonomy—and the students who had studied French.
Meet at King Canyon Trial head. 3:30-6:30 p.m. March 22. 733-5158. Wildflower Walk — Saguaro National Park East. An easy, level, one mile walk to see the commonest flowers in bloom that day and a.
That's when we created the 501(c)3–the nonprofit organization–of which Jon and Aaron. But the content itself, sort of the lower-end of Bloom's Taxonomy, that's great for a video. That's great for.
Horn describes project-based learning as "working down Bloom's taxonomy instead of up." The students are given a task that requires higher-order thinking skills—often to create something—and they must.
"properly Aligning Edmund 6″ Sky Conqueror Newtonian Telescope Mirror"
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There's a scene in "It's Complicated" where Alec Baldwin shows up at Meryl Streep's house late one night to try to seduce her. After finishing her leftover croque monsieur from dinner, he sees a bowl of ice cream on the counter.
"What kind of ice cream is that?"
"Lavender honey," she says, with an alluring tilt of her upswept hair.
Later, while she is soaking in the bathtub in her gorgeous house, Alec Baldwin sits on the floor by the tub, eating lavender ice cream.
"I love how quiet it is in your house. I have no quiet in my life. Ever."
And just like that, I knew I had to make lavender honey ice cream.
I have plenty of quiet in my life. Since it's just the two of us, I can't complain about not getting any time to myself, because I do get time to myself in abundance. We both do. But I'm busy, too, because I choose to be busy, with this blog, with baking, with running a baking business, with working on my photography, with a full-time day job. And currently, with so many DIY projects for our wedding.
All things I enjoy, although some days, I wouldn't mind being a little less busy. I don't remember the last time I watched a movie without simultaneously editing photos or working on something for the wedding.
I brought home a small bag of dried lavender from Paonia, so for my ice cream, I started by steeping a few spoonfuls of lavender in cream and milk. I cooked the custard, adding egg yolks and raw honey, and let the custard chill overnight to thoroughly infuse the lavender flavor into the custard.
Before churning, I strained out the lavender and whisked in a little vanilla and vodka (to promote creaminess when frozen). I also added a few drops of purple food coloring, because I wanted my lavender ice cream to be lavender colored, but that's just personal preference.
Just when the ice cream was thick and creamy from churning, I added finely chopped bittersweet chocolate.
The lavender flavored the ice cream with a lovely floral earthiness that was a little unexpected, and completely unique from anything you can buy at the grocery store.
It was subtly sweet with raw honey, which complemented the lavender beautifully.
Combine the cream, milk and lavender in a saucepan. Bring to a gentle simmer, then turn off the heat, cover the pan and let steep for about an hour. Return to a gentle simmer over medium heat.
In a bowl, whisk together the honey and egg yolks. Gradually whisk a cup of the hot cream into the honey/eggs to temper the eggs, then scrape the egg mixture into the saucepan. Cook the custard while whisking constantly, until the custard is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon. Remove from the heat and whisk in the vodka and vanilla.
Cover with plastic wrap, resting right against the surface of the custard, and chill overnight. Strain out the lavender, and churn the custard in your ice cream maker according to the manufacturer's instructions. Stir in the chopped chocolate.
Transfer to a container and freeze until firm, about 4-6 hours.


text:
Nothing 'GREAT' about AIIB's Sustainable Cities Strategy
The AIIBs vision must comprise multi-dimensional aspects, including social infrastructure like health and education. It should focus on people, their involvement and fundamental rights in the city.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has come out with a draft for 'Sustainable Cities Strategy' — financing solutions for cities in Asia to make them economically, environmentally and socially sustainable by being Green, Resilient, Efficient, Accessible and Thriving (GREAT). The AIIB had earlier been criticized for implementing projects without adequate policies and frameworks. The draft strategy was open for public consultation for an eight-week period ending October 21, 2018, for civil society organizations and other concerned organisations to give their comments.
The earlier policy consultations of the AIIB on environmental and social safeguards saw a number of groups — including human rights groups and UN bodies — commenting on the draft with alternate suggestions. Indian civil society groups had earlier petitioned the AIIB on a number of issues, including environment and social framework, on concerns on transparency and the opening up of space for the backdoor financing of coal projects through financial intermediaries without adequate environmental and social oversight.
The consultation on sustainable cities has come at a time when the AIIB has initiated funding for projects like the Amravati Capital City Project in Andhra Pradesh, which has seen a concerted and massive backlash due to the land pooling system and construction of the capital on the floodplains of the Krishna river. The project has been severely criticized by farmers, farm workers, environmentalists and civil society groups.
It has also received adverse comments from the Inspection Panel, the World Bank's grievance redressal mechanism, which was looking at the multiple violations of this World Bank co-financed project. Even after the panel's report, the AIIB chose not to take any position in this regard.
The current strategy shows that neither has it learned anything from its own experience, nor from that of other multilateral development banks. Moreover, the AIIB could have drawn on the experience and frameworks developed by rights-based groups, or, by the UN rapporteur on housing. The Amravati project does not seem to have influenced their strategy.
The AIIB city strategy seems to over-emphasize on urban infrastructure over other forms of social infrastructure, like education or health. The strategy fails to understand the differential impact infrastructure will bring to the various social groups in the city, with some people benefitting, with others getting seriously affected. There is nothing new in the strategy as it follows the same path of investment in urban transport, energy, water, waste management, as is being done by other multilateral development banks.
The overall projection of the infrastructure gap of $1 billion in Asia seems to be the interest with which the AIIB is stepping in. The strategy has no unique vision. It seems to be a sales pitch to finance 'bankable' projects and reap profits from it.
The AIIB's strategy identifies that many Asian cities experience inadequate access to clean water and sanitation, unreliable power supply, traffic congestion, air and water pollution, inefficient land use, and lack of decent shelters for low-income groups. This, however, has not translated into an enquiry on the people who are left out. Why?
The draft strategy comes with an automated solution of lack of finance and management capacity. There is inadequate attention given to the urban poor communities who provide services and live in ecologically sensitive spaces of the city and their role in building sustainable cities.
A number of projects identified in the AIIB's strategy have earlier resulted in the displacement of the urban poor, thus negatively affecting their housing and livelihood. The preference of the metro systems over other means of public transport has created huge debts on local governments, thereby creating a 'class transport' to a few, gulping public investments on transport. The study by the Centre for Financial Accountability (CFA) on Delhi Metro clearly establishes that the extent and equity of access to transit can't be realised by a transportation system dominated by the metro network.
The AIIB considers infrastructure financing which will create possibilities such as Land Value Capture, which is 'premised on the principle that the benefits of infrastructure projects are capitalised into land value, and refers to tapping into the increments in land value to fund the respective infrastructure projects'. This policy has a thematic priority to mobilise private capital through public-private partnerships (PPP) and commercially financed solutions. This model of financing has excluded informal workers, slum-dwellers, and even small and marginal landholders, as reflected in the case of the Amravati Capital City Development Project.
The AIIB city strategy seems to promote the 'financialization' of land and housing as an effective financing strategy. This converts land and housing from its social use (either for housing or for productive activities) to a commodity, which would fetch returns. 'Financialization' of urban land and housing has a negative impact on low-income housing which is often pushed back to margins, while limiting their spaces within the city.
The UN Special Rapporteur has pointed out the volatility and predatory nature of 'financialized' housing markets and the potential for a catastrophic outcome for both individual households and the global economy. This is reflected in the 2008 global financial crisis.
Moreover, 'financialized' housing markets have caused displacement and evictions at an unparalleled scale. In many countries in the global 'South', where the majority of households are unlikely to have access to formal credit, the subversion of housing and land as social goods to commodities for the accumulation of wealth, has resulted in widespread eviction and displacement.
The AIIB strategy about land value capture will lead to 'financialization' of land and housing and bankability of the projects, while prioritising investments in residential housing and commercial development that have huge private benefits and little social value. This is a contradiction as the idea of social value is not followed up anywhere, including in investments in water, sanitation, smart cities or in supporting industrial parks and SEZs.
This, read together with the financial strategy of mobilisation of private capital into infrastructure development and promotion of urban PPPs, expose the contradictions.
In the draft, the AIIB has identified 'sub-national' entities as a large potential client base. It hopes to earn trust through timely and flexible investment approach. The large flux of finance at the sub-regional level without adequate oversight through democratic institutions will create an unequal power equation due to high debt at the municipal levels. It may also lead to a debt trap with a certain stream of revenue at municipal levels pawned to repay debt.
In order to build a true 'Sustainable Cities Strategy', the AIIBs vision needs to move beyond merely physical infrastructure. It must comprise multi-dimensional aspects, including social infrastructure like health and education. Certainly, the strategy should focus on people, their involvement and fundamental rights in the city.
Any sustainable city must be built with an inclusive and equitable perspective, which is clearly missing from the AIIB's strategy. Indeed, the current strategy does not seem 'GREAT' at all. Instead, it will further lead cities into the inevitable global capital debt trap.
October 22, 2018 at 5:45 pm Maju Varghese "world bank", AIIB, Amravati Capital City Project, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, housing, Inspection Panel, Sustainable Cities Blog, Infrastructure Finance Share via:


The SQL Community is an important part to everything I do both in work and pleasure. Over the last year, I've started to realize that the work aspect to my life could be pushed higher and at the same time, pushed more into a role that benefits the SQL Community. It is always hard to disconnect yourself as a production DBA from the systems that you build and nurture from a failing service into an enterprise worthy service. Even so, I've made the decision to part with those systems and my current employer to move into a role that will for one, be more challenging and second, a company that supports both the community and has great pride in the product and services they provide.
After this week comes to an end, I will be moving to the Magenic family. I say family because over the months of talking to them I quickly realized that the group at Magenic truly is a family. Not only one that holds themselves together with a high level of expertise but one that openly draws off each others knowledge and skills.
All job changes come with a certain amount of disconnect while the adjustments are made. I hope this change will be quick so I can keep to my goals of helping the community from the forum, blog and speaking side of things. I would like to thank everyone (and I mean everyone) in the community for the years of helping me push myself daily to be better. I owe this change to all of you as much as anyone.
I look forward to the future and sharing everything it has with the community.
Personal thanks go out to my future new coworkers Aaron Lowe and Wendy Patrick. I can't wait to get the SQL Saturday in Chicago crew back together now in roles where we can take over the data architecture world!


gameDestroyer, Duke of Gwynedd and Daikonradish like this.
You've accomplished something I once tried to do.
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Caseratis and Eli10293 like this.
tModLoader - Mod Helpers any tags missing?
tModLoader - Mod Helpers Opinions?
Valkyrie Valhalla, Daikonradish, GawenStarTeller and 1 other person like this.
Looks really nice. Good work bro ( Also hype mode activated.).
tModLoader - Extensible Inventory - Limitless, paginated inventory This counter-balances yesterday's.
You would not be able to move with both mods.
tModLoader - Encumbrance - Inventory use burdens your movement It's for a reason I swear.
your avatar reminds me of the Spaceballs gimmick Mr. Coffee.
via. tModLoader - Better Paint - Make the world your canvas!
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Dude please help me, The Wayfarer NPC's won't give the stuff, she just gives the dag in the shop, not the items that are in it.
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Spray paint implemented. Still working.
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Ignore fritzy tool. UI will get improved, also. More paint modes, too. Yes, that's full RGB paint.
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Your mods are amazing at spicing things up. Quick question, would it be possible to create a mod that would allow the player to lock/unlock doors and so forth?
Sure, but it would take some work. I'm busy with other matters at the moment, though. I can't really consider mod requests without compensation, currently.
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tModLoader - Mod Helpers Help wanted.
Someone knows Goemon, or as we in the US have it, Legend of the Mystical Ninja.
I make mods and websites.


The little black wool scrap insisted on being a chicken, a french hen. It's a good day for small cosy projects, for stitching little dolls and boats, pocket size things.
There was nothing I would rather do today, nothing more appealing than meandering my way through some little projects. Some for gifts, some for ornaments and a few little things for the shop in December.
I had intended to just sew for an hour or two early in the morning but I could not put it down today and there was no real reason to. I remained happily lost in the little details and all of a sudden the sun was going down.
All you need are scraps. And a sewing machine. It is the kind of thing you could lose yourself in, the next thing you know hours have gone by and there are miles of it. It's a meandering process and an invitation to happy accidents, there are no mistakes, it is not careful (except keeping your fingers away from the needle) and there is no planning. The perfect thing if you are feeling the need for something spontaneous. Just start and keep adding stuff.
My approach was pretty bare bones and I had lots of fun. What is your scrap situation like? I've got tons and lots of it very small. I dumped the whole thing out and started pulling out the tiniest scraps, the un-sewables, the little whispers I can't let go of.
Start with one piece, add another and another, machine stitching through the whole thing, sometimes bunching or curving the little pieces. I can't stop. And they don't need to be lace, I've got cotton scraps too and I'll try those next. And you can add other stuff and get super intricate and detailed – find a tutorial here.
You could use the garlands for packages or hang them (maybe with some twinkle lights and paper mache ships) or stitch them onto doll clothes or your clothes or make a crown for somebody little.
I made a mini one to use as a roiling sea for this little boat. Find the free mouse pattern here and the free little boat pattern here.
Suddenly a chicken appeared! Or more specifically a hen, a french hen. It occurred to me that maybe the merry wobbler sewing pattern could be modified to make a hen – and it can! Of course they need nesting boxes too and I created a little template and tutorial on how to make the box and modify the wobbler. Both are super simple – find the template and instructions below after lots of hen pictures – I couldn't help it – I love them.
You can download the template for the nest box and hen parts here.
And you will also need the merry wobbler sewing pattern or, if you like, come up with your own bird to chickenize.
Other supplies are: felt for hen parts and the nest, a glue stick, cardboard and embroidery thread- I'm using dmc 8.
The forest folk pattern is in the shop. Little creatures that fit in the palm of your hand and are cozy in your pocket. I'm so excited to share this pattern with you – it is a satisfying project to make and, if you are inclined, a jumping off point for making all sorts of other creatures. The pattern has full instructions for a bunny and squirrel and with little modifications to the fabric colors and tail and ear patterns you could create skunks, beavers, gophers,chipmunks! raccoons….. you get the picture. I'd love to see what you make and you can send photos to ann at ann wood handmade dot com.
The squirrels and bunnies can be hand or machine sewn – I think hand sewing is best for beginners and it can be a nice travel project- I'm making lots for gifts this year – I pack up some cut pieces and sew them on the subway. The little bunny in the center is made from a worn cotton velvet that started its life with me as a skirt when I was in my twenties. About 15 years ago it became a pillow cover and now it's becoming a flock of little velvet bunnies because who doesn't need a little velvet bunny? The velvet was more difficult than wool to sew but I couldn't resist it. (These creatures and some others are in the shop now if you are not inclined to sew your own).
If you make mushrooms I'd love to see – I'm @annwood on instagram if you'd like to tag or you can use #annwoodmushroom. Or email if you like to: ann at ann wood handmade dot com.
I hope you make mushrooms! And if you'd like to be notified when new patterns are released you can sign up here.
I'm so happy to finally publish this pattern! I hope you enjoy it. A dear little lamb and goat to sew. What's cuter than baby lambs and goats – nothing- absolutely nothing.
Skill level is advanced beginners and above – requiring basic hand and machine sewing experience. If you don't have experience sewing 3 dimensional shapes this is an opportunity to learn about darts and gussets. There are tips along the way for beginners, and the instructions are very detailed.
I hope you make lambs and goats! I feel like if you show up at a baby shower with your own handmade Smokey or Pearl you should be prepared to revive people – they are so sweet it's almost too much.
P.S. – I'm having a sample sale at the end of the week of some of the many prototypes I made along the way – check back for details.
*Update – sorry for the delay – the sample sale will be up tomorrow – 4/30.
*This is a long post and there are a lot of birds in it.
I've been working on a pattern for my little birds and as I'm reaching the end of that long process of drafting and adjusting the pattern, shooting the steps, writing the instructions, testing the pattern, compiling the files and materials and resource lists etc., etc. I've been thinking a lot about my long history with these funny little fabric birds. Releasing this pattern feels like a big step in that history and involves some letting go.
The things I make are a large part of my identity and that is maybe even a little more true of these earnest little birds. They came about sort of accidentally – it's funny how one thing leads to another and strange things you could not invent occur.
In the fall 2005 I happened into a ruined Edwardian gown. I wish I had a photo. It was in pieces and all of it too delicate and too fragile to even display. At the same time I was designing a holiday window for a shop on Orchard Street. The gown was shimmery and twinkly and I wanted to incorporate it. The featheriness of the fraying fabric suggested birds and I began to experiment with sewing a bird shape. I counted – I made 60 failures before I came to a shape that sort of worked. The first birds were fancy: miss haversham on the left and bertha whimsy emerson on the right.
I hadn't intended to sell them but people wanted to buy them so I did and then I made more.


The Bill ushering in major changes to the Welsh planning system including a new requirement to consider the implications for the Welsh language completed its passage through the Senedd this week.
Assembly Members voted 39 to 10 to approve the Planning (Wales) Bill on Tuesday evening (19 May).
The legislation will obtain Royal Assent later this summer after a four-week period during which the legality of the measures are double-checked.
Planning minister Carl Sargeant said the Bill would create a world-class planning system "delivering timely, fair and consistent decisions that will enhance the built, natural and historic environment in Wales".
The Bill introduces a new legal framework for Welsh ministers to prepare a national land use plan, to be known as the National Development Framework for Wales. This framework will set out national land use priorities and infrastructure requirements.
The legislation also makes provision for the production of so-called Strategic Development Plans to tackle larger-than-local cross-boundary issues, such as housing supply and areas for economic growth and regeneration. These will focus on three areas: Cardiff, Swansea and the A55 corridor.
In addition, the Bill emphasises the need for pre-application consultation and requires local planning authorities to provide pre-application services.
The new measures also mean that planning applications for nationally-significant projects will be made to Welsh ministers. Applicants for planning permission will also be able to apply to the Welsh ministers for planning permission where a local planning authority is deemed to be poorly performing.
The legislation will also reform the development management system, improve enforcement and appeal procedures and make changes in relation to applications to register town and village greens in line with reforms introduced in England.


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text:
California and New York Require Manufacturers to Disclose Ingredients in Cleaning Products
October 20, 2017 PRINT
On October 15, 2017, California Governor Jerry Brown (D) signed the Cleaning Product Right to Know Act of 2017 (S.B. 258). The new law requires manufacturers of cleaning products to disclose certain chemical ingredients on the product label and on the manufacturer's website. The online disclosure requirements apply to a designated product sold in California on or after January 1, 2020. The product label disclosure requirements would apply to a designated product sold in California on or after January 1, 2021. Earlier this year, on April 25, 2017, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo (D) announced an initiative to require manufacturers of household cleaning products sold in New York to disclose the chemical ingredients on their websites. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is expected to release final guidance shortly.
California's Cleaning Product Right to Know Act of 2017
Section 108954(a) of California's Cleaning Product Right to Know Act of 2017 requires a manufacturer of a designated product sold in California to disclose the following information:
(1) (A) A list of each intentionally added ingredient contained in the product that is included on a designated list;
(B) A list of each fragrance allergen included on Annex III of the European Union (EU) Cosmetics Regulation No. 1223/2009 as required to be labeled by the EU Detergents Regulation No. 648/2004 on January 1, 2018, when present in the product at a concentration at or above 0.01 percent (100 parts per million (ppm)). The manufacturer shall determine the total concentration of each fragrance allergen by adding contributions of the fragrance allergen from all fragrance ingredients and other ingredients in the designated product, including its presence in essential oils; and
(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), an intentionally added ingredient that is known to California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity and is included on a designated list pursuant to Proposition 65 (Prop 65) shall not be required to be listed on the designated product label until January 1, 2023; or
(2) (A) A list of all intentionally added ingredients contained in the designated product, unless it is confidential business information (CBI);
(B) A statement that reads "Contains fragrance allergen(s)" shall be included on the product label when a fragrance allergen included on Annex III of the EU Cosmetics Regulation No. 1223/2009 as required to be labeled by the EU Detergents Regulation No. 648/2004, or subsequent updates to those regulations, is present in the product at a concentration at or above 0.01 percent (100 ppm). The manufacturer shall determine the total concentration of each fragrance allergen by adding contributions of the fragrance allergen from all fragrance ingredients and other ingredients in the designated product, including its presence in essential oils;
(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), fragrance ingredients or colorants may be listed on the product label as "fragrances" or "colorants," respectively; and
(D) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), an intentionally added ingredient that is known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity and is included on Prop 65 shall not be required to be listed on the designated product label until January 1, 2023.
Under the Act, a designated product is "a finished product that is an air care product, automotive product, general cleaning product, or a polish or floor maintenance product used primarily for janitorial, domestic, or institutional cleaning purposes." Excluded products include foods, drugs, and cosmetics, including personal care products such as toothpaste, shampoo, and hand soap; trial samples of designated products that are not packaged for individual sale, resale, or retail; and industrial products specifically manufactured for, and exclusively used in, oil and gas production, steel production, heavy industry manufacturing, industrial water treatment, industrial textile maintenance and processing other than industrial laundering, food and beverage processing and packaging; and other industrial manufacturing processes.
An intentionally added ingredient is "a chemical that a manufacturer has intentionally added to a designated product and that has a functional or technical effect in the designated product, including, but not limited to, the components of intentionally added fragrance ingredients and colorants and intentional breakdown products of an added chemical that also have a functional or technical effect in the designated product." A nonfunctional constituent is defined as one of the following substances that is an incidental component of an intentionally added ingredient, a breakdown product of an intentionally added ingredient, or a byproduct of the manufacturing process that has no functional or technical effect on the designated product:
(1) 1,4 dioxane;
(2) 1,1 dichloroethane;
(3) Acrylic acid;
(4) Benzene;
(5) Benzidine;
(6) 1,3 Butadiene;
(7) Carbon tetrachloride;
(8) Chloroform;
(9) Ethylene oxide;
(10) Nitilotriacetic acid;
(11) Butyl benzyl phthalate;
(12) Butyl decyl phthalate;
(13) Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate;
(14) Diethyl phthalate;
(15) Diisobutyl phthalate;
(16) Di(n-octyl) phthalate;
(17) Diisononyl phthalate;
(18) Dioctyl phthalate;
(19) Butylparaben;
(20) Ethylparaben;
(21) Isobutylparaben;
(22) Methylparaben;
(23) Propylparaben;
(24) Formaldehyde;
(25) 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride;
(26) DMDM hydantoin;
(27) Diazolidinyl urea;
(28) Glyoxal;
(29) Imidazolidinyl urea;
(30) Polyoxymethylene urea;
(31) Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate;
(32) 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;
(33) N-Nitrosodimethylamine; and
(34) N-Nitosodiethylamine.
CBI means any intentionally added ingredient or combination of ingredients for which a claim has been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for inclusion on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Confidential Inventory, or for which the manufacturer or its supplier claim protection under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. CBI shall not include an intentionally added ingredient or combination of ingredients that is on a designated list; a nonfunctional constituent; or a fragrance allergen included on Annex III of the EU Cosmetics Regulation No. 1223/2009 as required to be labeled by the EU Detergents Regulation No. 648/2004, or subsequent updates to those regulations, when present in the product at a concentration at or above 0.01 percent (100 ppm).
A designated list is any of the more than 20 state, federal, and international lists identified:
Prop 65;
Chemicals classified by the EU as carcinogens, mutagens, or reproductive toxicants;
Chemicals included in the EU Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) for endocrine disrupting properties, persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties, or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) properties;
Chemicals for which the EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) has developed a reference dose or reference concentration based on neurotoxicity, or identified as carcinogenic to humans, likely to be carcinogenic to humans, or as Group A, B1, or B2 carcinogens;
Chemicals identified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and inherently toxic to the environment by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry Domestic Substances List;
Group 1, 2A, or 2B carcinogens identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC);
Neurotoxicants that are identified in the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Toxic Substances Portal, Health Effects of Toxic Substances and Carcinogens, Nervous System;
Reproductive or developmental toxicants identified in Monographs on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Office of Health Assessment and Translation;
Chemicals identified by EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) as PBT chemicals that are subject to reporting under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA);
The Washington Department of Ecology's PBT chemicals identified in Chapter 173-333 of Title 173 of the Washington Administrative Code;
Chemicals that are identified as known to be, or reasonably anticipated to be, human carcinogens by the 13th Report on Carcinogens prepared by NTP. Subsequent revisions to this list shall not be incorporated;
Chemicals for which primary maximum contaminant levels have been established and adopted;
Chemicals that are identified as priority pollutants in the California water quality control plans, or identified as pollutants by the state or EPA for one or more water bodies in California;
Chemicals that are identified with noncancer endpoints and listed with an inhalation or oral reference exposure level by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA); and
Chemicals identified as priority chemicals by the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program.
The online disclosure requirements will apply to designated products sold in California on or after January 1, 2020. The product label disclosure requirements will apply to designated products sold in California on or after January 1, 2021. A designated product manufactured before these dates will be deemed in compliance if the designated product displays either the date of manufacture or a code indicating the date of manufacture. Manufacturers may label designated products manufactured before January 1, 2021, in accordance with the requirements.
New York's Household Cleansing Product Information Disclosure Program
Governor Cuomo announced New York's Household Cleansing Product Information Disclosure Program on April 25, 2017. According to the press release, manufacturers are required to identify all the ingredients and impurities in their products, including those that are chemicals of concern, as well as their content by weight in ranges. Manufacturers must post the information on their websites. In addition, New York will work with the Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse to develop and maintain a database of links to company information.
According to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), authority for the Program derives from Article 35 of the Environmental Conservation Law and New York Code of Rules and Regulations Part 659. NYSDEC published a draft 2017 Household Cleansing Product Information Disclosure Certification Form and Guidance Document for public comment. The comment period closed on July 14, 2017.
The draft Guidance Document states that information should be grouped into the following categories:
Product and Manufacturer Information: A description of the product, including its use and form (e.g., liquid, powder, foam, aerosol); whether the product contains fragrance ingredients, including ingredients added to mask the scent of other ingredients (solvents, surfactants) in so-called "unscented" products; and the complete name of the company that manufactures the final product. If the company is a subsidiary, include the name of the parent company; and the name, title, e-mail address, telephone number, and mailing address of the staff person responsible for preparation of the information required to be disclosed under the Program;
Level of Disclosure:
All ingredients intentionally added to a covered product should be disclosed, including those present in trace quantities, unless they are withheld as CBI;
All ingredients present only as an unintentional consequence of manufacturing and present above trace quantities should be disclosed where the manufacturer knows or should reasonably know of such ingredients, impurities, or contaminants, unless they are withheld as CBI; and
All ingredients present only as an unintentional consequence of manufacturing and present in trace quantities should be disclosed where the manufacturer knows or should reasonably know of such ingredients, impurities, or contaminants and such ingredients have received a GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals score of "Benchmark 1" or "Possible Benchmark 1," or appear on one or more of the Priority Hazard Lists, or meet one or more of the specified Hazard Characteristics
Ingredients: The following information should be disclosed for all ingredients unless such information is not available, not known, or withheld as CBI:
Chemical Abstracts Index Name and Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number;
Percentage of content by weight;
GreenScreen® benchmark;
Nano; and
Role.
Chemicals of Concern: If a product or an ingredient in a product is present on one or more of the lists of chemicals of concern named below, or a product or ingredient meets one or more of the hazard characteristics listed below, such information should be disclosed, regardless of whether the specific name or other information about the product or ingredient is being withheld as CBI:
AOEC Asthmagen List: A chemical designated as an asthma causing agent by the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC);
ATSDR Neurotoxicant List: A chemical identified by ATSDR as a neurotoxicant and listed in their Toxic Substances Portal under "Health Effects of Toxic Substances and Carcinogens, Nervous System";
EPA Chemical of Concern List: A chemical for which EPA has issued a Chemical of Concern Action Plan pursuant to TSCA;
EPA PBT Toxin List: A chemical listed as a PBT by EPA;
EPA Priority Chemicals List: A chemical listed by EPA as a priority chemical under the National Partnership for Environmental Priorities program, also known as the Waste Minimization Priority Chemical List;
EPA Ozone Depleting List: A chemical listed by EPA as a Class I or Class II Ozone-Depleting Substance;
EU Endocrine Disruptor List: A chemical listed by the EU as a Category 1 chemical on the priority list of chemicals developed by the EU Community Strategy for Endocrine Disruptors;
EU SVHCs List: A chemical identified by the EU as an SVHC as part of Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Annex XIV;
IARC Carcinogen List: A chemical classified as a Group 1, Group 2a, or Group 2b carcinogenic agent by IARC in Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans;
NTP Carcinogen List: A chemical listed as known, as reasonably anticipated to be, or as a possible human carcinogen by NTP;
California Cancer, Reproductive Toxicity List: A chemical listed as known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity (including developmental, female and male toxicity) by California under Prop 65;
GHS Skin Irritant: A chemical or product classified according to the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Chapter 3.2, Skin Corrosion/Irritation, as a Category 1, 2, or 3 skin corrosive or skin irritant. A product should be classified as corrosive to the skin if it has a pH of two or less or a pH of 11.5 or greater, unless tested or proven otherwise;
GHS Eye Irritant. A chemical or product classified according to GHS Chapter 3.3, Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation, as a Category 1 or 2 eye irritant. A product should be classified as capable of causing serious eye damage if it has a pH of two or less or a pH of 11.5 or greater, unless tested or proven otherwise;
GHS Respiratory or Skin Sensitizer: A chemical or product classified according to GHS Chapter 3.4, Respiratory and Skin Sensitization, as Category 1A -- High frequency of occurrence or sensitization rate in humans; or Category 1B -- Low to moderate frequency of occurrence or sensitization rate in humans;
GHS Mutagen: A chemical or product classified according to GHS Chapter 3.5, Germ Cell Mutagenicity, as Category 1A -- Chemicals known to induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans; or Category 1B -- Chemicals that should be regarded as if they induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans; and
GHS Aquatic Toxin: A chemical or product classified according to GHS Chapter 4.1, Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment, as a Category 1, 2, or 3 acute or chronic aquatic toxin with a median lethal concentration of less than 100 milligrams per liter
Human Health and Environmental Effects: Manufacturers should post information on their websites regarding the nature and extent of investigations and research performed by or for the manufacturer concerning the effects on human health and the environment of covered products or the chemical ingredients of such products.
Date of Disclosure: Manufacturers should post all required information by [date no less than six months following publication of the final guidance document]. Manufacturers should update their disclosures each time the ingredients in a product are changed, or a new product is introduced to the market. Legacy data for discontinued products should be posted until the expiration date of the product. All disclosed information should be reviewed, at a minimum, once every two years, including the presence of a product or ingredients on a priority hazard list, or whether a product or ingredient meets a hazard characteristic.
There are several critical differences between California's Cleaning Product Right to Know Act of 2017 and the proposed guidance for New York's Household Cleansing Product Information Disclosure Program. While there is some overlap in the lists identified -- Prop 65, carcinogens identified by IARC, SVHCs, neurotoxicants identified by ATSDR, PBT chemicals covered by EPA's TRI Program -- New York's Program is more expansive, including chemicals meeting certain hazard characteristics. In addition, under New York's Program, ingredients with a GreenScreen® Benchmark and nanomaterial ingredients must be identified on the label. For each ingredient, a term describing its functional use or reason for inclusion should be disclosed.
As noted above, California requires the disclosure of intentionally added ingredients -- "a chemical that a manufacturer has intentionally added to a designated product and that has a functional or technical effect in the designated product, including, but not limited to, the components of intentionally added fragrance ingredients and colorants and intentional breakdown products of an added chemical that also have a functional or technical effect in the designated product." Nonfunctional constituents -- certain substances that are incidental components of intentionally added ingredients, breakdown products of intentionally added ingredients, or byproducts of the manufacturing process that have no functional or technical effect on the designated product -- must also be identified. New York would require the disclosure of all ingredients intentionally added to a covered product, including those present in trace quantities, unless they are withheld as CBI; all ingredients present only as an unintentional consequence of manufacturing and present above trace quantities where the manufacturer knows or should reasonably know of such ingredients, impurities, or contaminants, unless they are withheld as CBI; and all ingredients present only as an unintentional consequence of manufacturing and present in trace quantities where the manufacturer knows or should reasonably know of such ingredients, impurities, or contaminants and such ingredients have received a GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals score of "Benchmark 1" or "Possible Benchmark 1," or appear on one or more of the Priority Hazard Lists, or meet one or more of the specified Hazard Characteristics. The manufacturer requirements are much more clear-cut under California's program than New York's, and manufacturers will be able to label their products with a high degree of accuracy. Under New York's Program, it is unclear what a manufacturer should reasonably know of impurities or contaminants present only as an unintended consequence of manufacturing.


Morning , nice and sunny so far but doubt it is persistently raining at the Vic.
Thoughts for tonights game , I am going fo 2-1 to the Horns.
Living and working in Cyprus since 2004 and rarely come back so forums are my lifeline to what is going on at the Vic.
All the best for the forum and the Horns of course.
Got that scoreline wrong ....oh well just a few more points to go to avoid the drop !


While we're only just into November, one of the largest Christmas Fairs in Dorset takes place this weekend at Kingston Maurward House.
Now in it's 32nd year, the Christmas Craft and Gourmet Food Fair promises to be bigger and better than ever. With a mouth-watering array of festive treats on offer, the event attracts thousands of visitors over both days.
This family fixture is a wonderful opportunity to find those all-important stocking fillers and Christmas presents.
Boasting a dizzying selection of local produce on show with gourmet food stands and craft stalls.
Open daily from 10am to 5pm. Tickets for adults £3, children under 16 go free.


21/03/2018�� In this video, you will see how install composer using the terminal in htdcos. Also, you will see how to install vendor/autoload.php file from GitHub.... While composer.json is managed automatically when you use the create-project command or when you directly require a package from the terminal. composer.lock is something you should be aware of. First of all, you should commit your composer.lock file to make sure that everyone of your team members use the same copy of the dependencies while working on a common project.
5/08/2013�� Patreon https://www.patreon.com/jream PHP Composer Quickstart. A great dependecy manager for your PHP world! Get Composer: http://getcomposer.org... Composer auto-generates the composer.json file when you add a dependency to your project using the require command. Additional dependencies can also be added in the same way, without the need to manually edit this file.
I had to use a full path for the php command line, because the default php was pointing to the old version, 5.2.17. Thus, you may not need the full path. If you do, adjust the path accordingly. Thus, you may not need the full path.... 11/05/2016�� If you have to deploy a PHP application to a remote web hosting server where you do not have access to a terminal like environment, then it seems that the only remaining deployment option is the File Transfer Protocol.
At work right now but I can take a stab at writing up some instructions on how I got mine working at home later tonight. A work-around would be to use the Arduino Terminal window.
In this tutorial we will guide you how to Install CakePHP 3 Using Composer step by step. CakePHP uses Composer, a dependency management tool, as the officially supported method for installation.
Composer auto-generates the composer.json file when you add a dependency to your project using the require command. Additional dependencies can also be added in the same way, without the need to manually edit this file.


SAI Global in Italy is pleased to announce the completion of an accreditation extension to ISO 9001 in all categories of interest, and a new accreditation to ISO 14001, by the national accreditation body ACCREDIA.
Woolworths has announced the appointment of SAI Global as an approved service delivery partner of their new Supplier Excellence program, which focuses on improving quality and product safety standards across its extensive global sourcing network.
SAI Global recognized as a Leader in Independent Analyst Report on GRC Platforms.
Noted for having an extremely diverse and happy customer base. The Forrester Wave™: Governance, Risk & Compliance Platforms.


There is a need to develop biomarkers to predict the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with chemotherapy (Ch) plus Bevacizumab (B). It has been reported that during exposure to B there is a switch in the plasma levels of angiogenesis growth factors and related cytokines called angiogenic switch (AS). It is not known if changes in these circulating factors affect the response of patients with CRC to Ch + B. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of AS in the PFS in pts with metastatic CRC treated with Ch + B.
Treatment naive, ECOG 0-1, metastatic CRC pts were eligible. Patients received induction treatment with XELOX-B or XELIRI-B at standard doses x 6 cycles followed by maintenance treatment with B plus Capecitabine until progression. Angiogenic related cytokines (HGF, PIGF, MCP-3, MM-9, Eotaxin, bFGF and IL-18) were prospectively analyzed at baseline and at the time of each CT evaluation (every eight weeks). AS + was defined by A) doubling of PIGF compared to baseline or B) PIGF elevation with a simultaneous elevation of any two of bFGF, HGF, MCP-3, IL-18 or MMP-9 compared to baseline.
Of 62 patients enrolled, 24 (36.7%) have progressed. Median PFS is 15.6 (95% CI: 8.3 to 16.4) months for the entire population. Twenty-five pts (40.3%) were AS + , out of which 23 were detected at first on-study evaluation (week 8). 18 were classified as AS+ based on both criteria, 4 based on criteria A) and 3 based on criteria B). One year (95% CI) PFS for AS+ pts was 82.6% (53.0% to 94.4%) versus 32.9% (13.9% to 53.5%) for AS- pts (p < 0.001). A landmark analysis was performed using only those patients alive and progression-free at 6-months. Additional 6-month (95% CI) PFS was 90.9% (50.8% to 98.7%) among 17 AS+ patients (2 of whom progressed) versus 47.6% (19.6% to 71.3%) among 16 AS- patients (12 progressions), p = 0.002.
There is a statistically significant improved PFS amongst metastatic CRC AS+ pts treated with first line Ch + B combination compared with AS–pts.


At the Institute, blood cultures are drawn by doctors. Since 2009, more than 5% of blood cultures grew organisms as contaminant and was a concern to the Infection Control Committee. Our target is to reduce to 3% to meet the standard set by the American Society of Microbiology. The objectives of the clinical education are to enforce best practices in blood culture collection and to use 2% chlorhexidine as a skin decontaminant.
Our data revealed the highest contamination rates were from the pediatric wards. In August 2010, an education campaign was conducted on blood culture sampling techniques. We collaborated with the pediatricians and observed current practices. A hospital-wide Continuous Medical Education, "Towards Best Practices in Blood Culture" was conducted in October. The working group developed a training tool with visual protocol placed on blood collection trolleys.
We found adherence to proper technique of blood sampling and skin decontamination were not always followed. The collection of blood cultures were through indwelling catheters, as well as inadequate volume of blood collected and contact time of antiseptic were not observed. The clinical education on these challenges brought the rate down from 7% in August to less than 3% after the education. The rate is less than 3% from October 2010 to March 2011.
Clinical education of doctors play pivotal role in reducing contamination rate. It is imperative doctors are aware of proper cleansing of the site and adherence to the recommended techniques. The infection control team and the microbiology laboratory continue to monitor the contamination rate, conduct ward observations on collection procedures and feedback to sustain this initiative.


text:
Video Premiere: Yuki Ame – Mykonos
Video: 02.05.18
Bristol's Yuki Ame unveils the accompanying video for his track 'Mykonos', taken from his wickedly inventive EP Anamnesis, released earlier this year. The video, directed by Georgina Brinkman, is a trippy visual that perfectly matches the rolling drums and arpeggios that make the backbone of the track.
"'Mykonos' marks the beginning of an ongoing AV project between Yuki Ame and ZOOX, incorporating music videos and live projected visuals," says Brinkman. "This video considers an island as a universe in itself, and takes its point of departure from the Greek myth of how the island of Mykonos was formed. It is said that, here, Hercules slayed three invincible giants and as they fell their petrified bodies formed the rocky terrain of the island. We were interested in how this ancient myth was diluted and distorted through its online retelling, losing its oral origins and becoming something digitally permanent.
"Using photogrammetric textures and 3D models of ancient statues of the myth's protagonists, and landscapes and locations central to the tale, the story is deconstructed into hallucinatory snapshots. The images slip between physical and virtual as they are projected onto a sculpture of Mykonos that we constructed from rudimentary household ingredients like oil and flour. We were interested in giving a sense of construction through the video for example showing the interface and wireframes of editing tools."
Watych 'Mykonos' below.


H.E. Mr. Xavier Bettel, Prime minister of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg met with H.E. Mr. Thongloun Sisoulith, Prime minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Yesterday His Excellency Minister of Health Dr.Bounkong Syhavong of Lao PDR and Chargé d'Affaires of the Embassy of Luxembourg Sam Schreiner reviewed the progress of the Luxembourg -Lao Health Support Programme Lao/027.


The book of Acts picks up where Jesus' story left off in the gospel of Luke by exploring the continuing presence of Christ on earth: the church. This inspired account of church history will awaken your soul with transforming power and give you courage to be a witness for Christ wherever he sends you!
We've designed this study to help you explore and discover God's heart for the world through Luke's biography of history's most unlikely movement, the church of Jesus Christ. Each uniquely-crafted lesson opens with an introduction and key verse to reveal important themes. Four sections guide readers through Acts in a way that will help you discover, explore, experience, and share the heart of God more deeply.
About the Passionate Life Bible Study Series: God longs for everyone to encounter the passion of his heart. Inspired by The Passion Translation, this heart-level Bible study is ideal for both individual devotional study and small groups. Kindle a burning desire for a passion-!lled life fueled by the heart of God!


The book includes novels "The Freelands" and "Beyond".
"The Freelands" is one of the most cruel, ironic and strong the great novels of Galsworthy. A book about great love and terrible scandal that shook all of Victorian England. Dying wife of a wealthy landowner — and her place in the house and the bed of the owner immediately takes her younger sister. Mistress educates children of an aristocrat and lives with him 'in sin' by refusing to legally marry! The scandal rolled around a secular society — and the catastrophe seems inevitable and imminent.
Along with the heroes of the novel "Beyond" Galsworthy goes into the sphere unencumbered feelings. Love is portrayed as an overwhelming power before which man is powerless.


Michael Paxson lives in Warsaw, Missouri with his loving wife Rhonda, whom he has been married to for 17 years. Mike & Rhonda are extremely thankful for Mike's caregiver, Mera, who has been a tremendous help to them in their time of need.
Mike was diagnosed with ALS in November of 2014 and lost his ability to speak about 7 months ago. Earlier on, Mike had trouble using eye gaze systems. The expensive device that he was able to obtain through the VA would not work for him. It was too hard to calibrate and just overall too complicated for him to use.
Last October, Mike attended the Columbia, Missouri ALS support group, where he was able to try out the VisuALS system. Once he was properly calibrated, the first words that Mike typed out were "This is way easier".
In the months following the support group, Rhonda decided to create a Love Fund to help raise some of the money for a VisuALS system. With the help of the Love Fund and the Carl Fund, Rhonda was able to purchase a VisuALS system for Mike.
Mike is excited to have finally found a device that works for him and gives him the voice that he has been so longingly missing.


These sticky labels come in many sizes and are perfect for printing addresses on your envelopes. Plus they match beautifully with the Eco Luxury paper range. 30% PCW Recycled. Laser and Inkjet compatible. (Printer testing recommended). This 83mm x 51mm size is priced per sheet with 10 labels per sheet.