Here is my column from the October edition of The Local Herald. It's been a busy year in terms of reviews, and this month was no different. I have the Fiat Panda TwinAir in review, which aims to offer excellent economy without compromising driveability. Also mentioned are the Ford Kuga and Volvo V40 R-Design, the latter of which became only the second car to score maximum marks in review. So I hope you enjoy this column, and be sure to check out the full reviews for all the vehicles on the Reviews page.
Firstly I was fortunate enough to be invited to a Jaguar Land Rover test day, where I got to see the entire model line-up, from the all-new Range Rover Sport, to the most exciting British car of the year- the Jaguar F-type. It was a fantastic day, and I got to meet some of my dream cars, which is always good. There are heaps of pictures of all the cars from the day on my website, and they'll be well worth checking out.
I also want to mention the Volvo V40 R-Design. I had this car on test recently and was utterly blown away by it. So much so, in fact, that it made itself only the second car EVER to score a perfect 50 in review. It really had the whole package, from style, to performance, and I really didn't want to give it back at the end of the week. If you are after a family hatchback then get out there and look at one, because you will struggle to find fault with it.
I also reviewed the Ford Kuga Titanium, which was a vastly practical car, and a pleasure to drive. We have two dogs in our household- albeit small ones- but they simply loved the boot in the Kuga. It was big enough for them to run around in, and the car was comfortable enough that they went to sleep. Kudos points to the Kuga for keeping them quiet, and with 4WD and a torquey diesel motor, you can head out anywhere, anytime, any conditions.
The other car I had on test was the Fiat Panda TwinAir. Basically this is a 0.9-litre, turbocharged motor aimed to drive like a bigger engine, but with superb economy. It seems to work though, because with power of 85PS and CO2 emissions of 99g/km- that's free road tax- the Panda seems to have the best of both worlds. To drive the TwinAir engine is unusual. It's a two-cylinder motor which makes for an unusual noise, and also means the engine doesn't like to be below 2,000rpm. However, with the turbocharger there is some decent acceleration to be had- 0-62mph takes 11.2 seconds which I imagine is faster than you would have guessed.
Sadly the Panda handles like I imagine a real-life panda would- it is rather tall- and the seats are woefully unsupportive. But somehow this makes it a laugh, and you feel like you're doing 120 when you're actually doing 20, and you can be on the limit in this car whenever you want, without breaking the speed limits.
There is a sort of 'cute' styling theme to the Fiat Panda, and with the 'squircle' (square-circle) theme present throughout, it makes a decent effort. However, it seems to fall short of the 500- which can also feature a TwinAir engine- in the style department, and personally I'd go for that. There isn't excessive room in the Panda, but it has enough boot space for your shopping, and does have 5 doors which offers more in terms of practicality.
As always, full reviews for all of these cars can be found on my website. There's plenty of pictures too, and you're more than welcome to leave a comment. See you next month.


text:
Local talent shines in the UK's biggest original music competition – Rundown Jack
Date: March 24, 2010Author: splendidfred 0 Comments
Rundown Jack from Winchester has wowed the judging panel and sailed through the audition stage of Live and Unsigned. Rundown Jack will now be competing against the other most talented bands and artists in the country at the live shows of Live and Unsigned 2010 – all in a bid to be signed!
Rundown Jack battled against hundreds of auditionees to secure a spot in the live shows and now has the opportunity to prove that they are the best in the region. Acts that have made it through auditions will now take part in a live head to head battle in front of thousands of spectators and a professional judging panel to progress to the Live and Unsigned Festival at the 02 in London.
Live and Unsigned is the biggest original music competition in the UK for unsigned bands and artists. Attracting over 30, 000 entries in the past three years, it has set itself apart from its predecessors by offering and promoting originality. It's now established as the definitive music competition for original acts and it's open to all genres of music from Heavy Rock to Rap. Chris Grayston, Events Director of Live & Unsigned explains "This competition really is worlds apart from X Factor and other TV talent contests – we're all about originality, Live ability and credibility. We don't accept demos or submissions and everyone auditions live. We've got some fantastic prizes up for grabs this year in a £60, 000 prize pool so there's lot of opportunity for everyone entering and not just the winners – that along with the Festival means 2010 will be the biggest competition yet!"
All the acts that audition in the competition are battling it out for the chance to play at the Live and Unsigned Festival at the O2 in London, which gives acts the chance to perform at the ultimate live music venue in the country. The overall winner of the competition is offered a recording and management contract with Future Music with an investment of up to £30, 000 to release their single. The winners will be crowned the UK's best unsigned act in front of a capacity crowd on the main stage of the festival. A&R and celebrity judges last year include former Sex Pistols Manager Malcolm McLaren, pop RnB star Dane Bowers and Radio 1's Annie Nightingale. Radio 1 DJ Greg James has already confirmed for 2010. Acts will of course be competing for two main prizes which include a management contract with Future Music and the opportunity to design and develop their own clothing range with Extreme State.
En route the competition offers a comprehensive winners prize pool and acts will have the opportunity to win some fantastic prizes including Marshall state of the art amps, development through recording studio time in some of the UK's finest studios and seminars and courses with ICMP. Other goodies up for grabs include an Extreme Element experience day, a year's worth of Extreme State clothing and MUZU.TV will be contributing an all expenses paid trip to Dublin to film a music video and play at a festival. Previous winners of the competition include Kiddo 360 who went on to pick up a Vodafone Live Award, B-Kay and Kazz who broke into the top 30 charts and last year's winners from Glasgow The Detours who have just signed an exclusive clothing deal with Extreme.
The winners of 2010 will be thrust into the media spotlight through television, radio and the press and will have the opportunity to tour the UK. The tour involves as many as 100 gigs across the UK including the chance to perform live at some well known festivals. One contestant who has caught the judge's eye this year is local talent Rundown Jack, now competing in the Regional Final. Rundown Jack made it through the auditions at Aldershot amongst hundreds that queued for their turn in front of the judges. Rundown Jack is now preparing for the live show on Sunday April 11th at the Princes Hall for the opportunity to progress towards the Live and Unsigned festival at the O2 in London. For more information go to the website http://www.LiveandUnsigned.UK.com. Or better still come down and support local talent; you can purchase tickets on the door or from Rundown Jack.
Live and UnsignedMusicRundown Jack
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text:
Hermann Heinemann ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Hermann von Heinemann (1812–1871), deutscher Entomologe
 Hermann Heinemann (1879–1929), Chefredakteur der Neisser Zeitung (seit 1921)
 Hermann Heinemann (Politiker, 1862) (1862–1939), deutscher Lehrer und Politiker (NLP)
 Hermann Heinemann (1928–2005), deutscher Gewerkschafter und Politiker (SPD)

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Q: Kubelet in Windows 10 I wanna ask something cause I looked for it and couldn't find a clear answer about it anywhere.
Can kubelet be used in windows 10?
Because all I found is usage of kubelet in linux operating systems only.
Also what became my theory is that kubectl is the kubelet version of windows operating system maybe?
I'm really confused about it and couldn't find any clear answer about kubelet in windows and about a comparison between kubelet and kubectl.
I'll be really grateful if someone could explain that to me.

A:
Can kubelet be used in windows 10

Kubelet is one of Node Components and it is part of Kubernetes infrastructure. It is required to proper working of Kubernetes, so it is used in linux/unix, windows and mac.

Also what became my theory is that kubectl is the kubelet version of
  windows operating system maybe?

kubelet is an agent that runs on each node in the cluster. It makes sure that containers are running in a pod.
kubectl is a command line interface for running commands against Kubernetes clusters. More information ca be found in documentation.
Please visit Kubernetes Components to get familiar with others Kubernetes components. Here you can find more information about kubelet and here about K8s infrastructure.

I'm really confused about it and couldn't find any clear answer about
  kubelet in windows and about a comparison between kubelet and kubectl.

Those both cannot be compared. One is component of infrastructure, second is command line to execute K8s commands.
===
To run Kubernetes on Linux/Windows/MacOS you have to have container manager like docker. For Linux there is special package to download, for Windows is Docker for Windows. (Latest versions of Kuberetes also supports Windows Containers, but its different topic.)
To run Kubernetes on Windows, you have to use Minikube. It allows to run a single-node Kubernetes cluster inside a Virtual Machine.
You can find how to configure Kubernetes on Windows in this tutorial.
Hope it help to understand.

A: You can add windows node to the Kubernetes cluster following the instructions from the official documentation page. As it mentioned in the documentation, you can get all required components using the links from the Kubernetes CHANGELOG-1.15.md page:

*

*Client binaries (kubectl.exe)

*Server binaries (no Windows binaries, because windows cannot be master node at this moment)

*Node binaries (kube-proxy.exe, kubeadm.exe, kubectl.exe, kubelet.exe)

If you need other version of binaries please find CHANGELOG for specific version on Kubernetes Releases page.
You need to have Docker engine installed on your Windows machine. Here is the manual how to do it for Windows 10.

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text:
Q: Percent change in abundance per genus and treatment I am new to using tydir but I really like its simplicity. However, I am stuck trying to figure out how to calculate the percent change in abundance per treatment of each specific Genus. For example how much the genus Pyronemal increased in abundance after the fire.
My data contains three columns: Abundance of each taxa in questions, treatment (burned vs unburned) and Genus (Pyronema, Basidioascus, etc), in total I have 15 Genus(15 Genus, 2 treatments (burned vs unburned), and their respective abundances).
SampleID | Treatment| Abundance | Genus
   CNF1T1  |  Burned  |   0.23    | Pyronema
   CNF2T1  |  Burned  |   0.10    | Aspergillus

   CNF3T1  |  Unburned|   0.02    | Pyronema
   CNF4T1  |  Unburned|   0.05    | Aspergillus

Snapshot of my metadata :

After looking through the site, I have seen a few codes I could use but it does not seem to be going what I need it to do. See below: The code I used does not seem to group the percents by Treatment or Genus. I am unsure of what I am doing wrong, but if someone could please help I would really appreciate it:
The code I have used is as follows, with slight variations of the same code, based on what I have found on this site.
Code used:
    `Gen15MeltTrt %>%
    group_by(Treatment, Genus) %>%
    transmute(percent = 100 * Abundance / sum(Abundance))`***

I used transmute since I wanted to create a new table containing only the variables of interest.
Output from code above
> Treatment  |     Genus     | Percent**
>
>  Unburned    |  Inocybe      | 10.1
>
>  Unburned    | Coniothyrium  | 21.0
>
>  Unburned    | Cladophialophora | 4.65
>
>  Unburned    | Cladophialophora | 4.65
>
>  Unburned    | Cladophialophora | 4.65
>
>  Burned      |   Pyronema       | 1.48
>
>  Unburned    |   Pyronema       | 30.5
>
>  Burned      |   Pyronema       | 1.48
>
>  Burned      |  Penicillium     | 1.82

A: Welcome to stackoverflow and R and dplyr! One tip for asking questions: Its way easier if you try to distill the problem you are facing and preferably put it into a context that is easy for anyone to understand. An easy way to do this is to find the problem you are facing in a dataset that is available in R. Below I have tried to give you an answer based on the ChickWeight dataset. It includes a bunch of very handy functions in dplyr which i recommend you sink your teeth into: group_by,mutate and first.
library(dplyr)

df <- ChickWeight

df %>%
  group_by(Chick) %>%
  mutate(percent = (weight - first(weight))/first(weight)*100)

Edit:
Get percentage change for each treatment (Type of Diet in the ChickWeight dataset.
df2 <- df %>%
  group_by(Diet,Time) %>%
  summarise(mean = mean(weight,na.rm = T)) %>%
  mutate(percent = (mean - first(mean))/first(mean)*100)

Good luck!


I'm collecting info about sites involved with managed retreat from the coast - particularly the relocation of homes and infrastructure due to coastal erosion, sea level rise, etc.
I've heard about most of these from newspaper articles - i wonder if there is a better way to find these?
thanks for any thoughts...or locations.
"Lennox Island is indeed eroding and its low-lying areas are subject to coastal flooding under present-day conditions. Relative sea level rise in this area has been about 32cm over the past 100 years. If this rate accelerates (as predicted by global warming effects), the potential for increased erosion and flooding does indeed worsen. Erosion on the island has, however, been overstated in several recent news reports. Our recent analysis of the island indicates that erosion rates are generally equivalent to those seen throughout Prince Edward Island. Concerns are valid, but recent media coverage (Globe & Mail, CBC, National Geographic, and the present Guardian article) all use a combination of hyperbole, extreme statistics and, in some cases, completely erroneous analysis to create a dystopian picture.
Between 1845 (Bayfield's remarkable survey of PEI) and 2010, Lennox Island has gone from 550 hectares down to roughly 500 ha. (A loss of 50 ha, not 300+ as reported here). This is a loss rate of 0.3 ha/yr. Using more accurate recent data, the Island's erosion rate 1968-2010 is about 0.2 ha/yr.
Valid concerns about erosion and flooding hazards and the effects of climate change are being clouded and distorted by errors in interpretation and by a thirst for dramatic numbers. I worry that exaggerated reporting of hazards distorts our priorities and misdirects our efforts.
These comments are based on detailed analysis our firm has undertaken in the past year - results of which will be published shortly."
"when you write, "Relative sea level rise in this area has been about 32cm over the past 100 years," how much of that is actual sea rise and how much is land sinking? What is the actual rate for sea rise (not relative) in that area? Is there any reliable data?
Also, as the island is in a river mouth, how has man's influence on the river system itself affected things? Are there damns, reservoirs, hydroelectric plants upstream? In other words, is the outpouring of silt at the same levels as in past decades?
It's amazing that the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw tribes people on the Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana are facing the same problems . . . amazing at first glance, until you investigate what has been going on upriver. There, it is not global warming but the loss of silt that is causing them to lose their land. But the history seems to be of indigenous communities being driven onto shifting islands that no one else wanted to live on (the colonists I mean).
More Indians in the americas seem to be losing their land through gas pipelines than CO2."
"about 1/2 is post-glacial rebound (the land mass is subsiding) and the other 1/2 is sea level rise. Lots of good work has been done on this by our federal government's Natural Resources agency (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/353519.pdf).
The Island is situated within Malpeque Bay, an estuary of Prince Edward Island which is, itself, within the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Human activities have had minimal effects on surrounding flow conditions. As alluded to in an earlier reference to work by Shaw et al, the shaping of this landscape is predominantly due to the last glaciation and subsequent action of waves, tides and changing sea levels."
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Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Foundation encourages workplaces to embrace all youth in our efforts to counter the widening knowledge gap between what students are taught in the classroom and what they need to know to be successful in the workplace. For tips on how to plan the perfect Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Day event for youth in your community, visit www.DaughtersAndSonsToWork.org and be sure to download the Bright Ideas Guide made especially for workplace coordinators.
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If you're a regular follower to this blog, you would have already noticed that I like to top a lot of dishes with creamy, buttery avocados. Not only do avocados taste great, but they are also highly nutritious and have proven health benefits. I often dress my avocados in a bit of olive oil, lime juice, and salt. It's a fantastic topping!
Palak daal (spinach and lentils) is a nutritious and comforting dish often made with skinned and split urad daal. For context, Daal Makhani, the recipe I recently shared, is made with whole urad daal (black lentils) that are creamy white on the inside. Their black skins give dishes a strong, earthy flavor, while the skinned and split urad daal (see photo below) are more mild. The split ones, also know as ivory lentils, don't require soaking and don't hold their shape as well, yielding a creamier consistency. I bought my daal at an Indian grocery store. If you can't get a hold of split urad daal, try using yellow split peas, mung beans, or experiment with other lentils.
There are several different ways to make palak daal and I've tried a few of them. One way includes the use of asafetida (also known as hinge)—a spice that has a strong smell, but when heated in oil or ghee it delivers a smooth flavor and acquires a taste and aroma reminiscent of sautéed onions and garlic, or leeks. In this recipe I don't use asafetida, but if you would like to try it, see my notes below. Although I love my daal spicy, when I make this dish for my family, I add little or no chile pepper so my husband and toddler can enjoy it too. Even without the heat, it's still flavorful and delicious. Yes, it's that good. And, what's great is that leftovers taste even better the next day.
Palak daal is traditionally served with roti or rice, but for variety I sometimes serve it with other grains such as farro, couscous or pearled barley.
avocados, sliced and dressed in olive oil, lime juice, and salt.
Rinse daal with cold water until murky water becomes clear. Drain and set aside.
In a large pot over medium heat, add coconut oil. Then add cumin seeds and mustard seeds and fry until they begin to sizzle and pop. Add onions and sauté for about 10 minutes. Then add the garlic, ginger, chile and garam masala. Stir well. After a few minutes, add the tomatoes and red chile powder, if using, and cook for about 3-5 minutes. Add daal, 4 cups (about a liter) water, and turmeric. Bring to a boil then allow to simmer until lentils are very soft, 1-2 hours. Add salt. The consistency should be thick, but still soupy. You may need to add a little more water, or if you think you have too much liquid/sauce, you can increase the heat to a rapid boil for a few minutes to reduce it.
Under low heat, and spinach. Give it a good stir then add coconut cream or milk, if using, and lime juice. Taste adjust seasoning, adding more salt if necessary. Remove from heat and serve with toppings of choice—coconut, mustard seeds, cilantro and/or avocados.
Notes: If you would like to use asafetida, cook the lentils with turmeric first. After the lentils have softened, about 1-2 hours, add salt. Then, in a separate pan heat oil and sauté the cumin, mustard seeds and a pinch of asafetida. Then add the onions, garlic, ginger, green chile, and garam masala and sauté about 10 minutes. Add this daal, then add spinach, coconut cream and lime juice. Taste and adjust for salt.
A couple of things about spinach. I prefer to add it towards the end of cooking because I like the color to remain vibrant. Also, when it comes to eating spinach, it is best to eat it with citrus as that helps with iron absorption. I've used both lime and lemon juice when making palak daal. Both taste great, although slightly different.
This is such a beautiful dish. . .full of gorgeous color and texture. I especially love that you topped it with avocado to give it additional depth. Stunning!
Hi Lynn, thank you for your kind words! Happy you like the added color and texture!
Oh my Lord, all these ingredients on one plate has to be heaven!
I think so! 🙂 Thank you Brenda!
Oh my goodness this looks so tasty, just love your pictures,wow congratulations!!
Sooo good! I made this tonight for dinner, and I love it! The flavors are delicious. The avocado and toasted coconut make great toppings. My new favorite dish. Thank you!!
Awesome! You are very welcome! Glad you tried and liked it! Thanks for letting me know!!! If you want, also try the daal makhani. It's also delicious! Thanks again!


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Constructed with stretch cotton in a Regular cut, the Gradient Chino Pants provide a comfortable fit that moves with you. Multiple pockets–including a welded eyewear pocket–let you keep everyday essentials close at hand. Articulated legs promote natural range of motion, while elastic cuffs on these flexible Oakley men's pants offer a stay-put fit when you're on the move.


The best ever whole wheat banana bread with 100% whole wheat flour, no butter and no processed sugar! Chocolate-y taste and soft and moist!
Isn't that a lot of B's in the title? But this whole wheat banana bread kind of deserves the amazing title! Before I start this post, it might be a good time to accept that I HATE BANANA. I don't eat bananas till I am forced to eat one, there is nothing in the house and I am hungry or the stomach is upset and I just have to eat it.
Not only do I just hate banana, I also hate stuff made with it with the exception of two things – Banoffee pie and banana bread (and they both start with B as well :D) and as luck would have it, Murphy came into play. The child, though, he loves to eat banana, does not eat banana desserts expect this Double Chocolate Banana Bread.
I have tried using banana in baking earlier. Like this Banana Choconut Crumble and the Banana Nutella Fantails. These are amazing dessert options and definitely a hit every time I make them!
And hold your breath, while I let out a secret that will shock. This is 100% whole wheat, no butter and no processed sugar banana bread and yet it is freaking delicious. I have never had anyone who takes a slice of this, who can stop at one. The banana flavour balanced by the dark chocolate bits is just DIVINE and since it is made of atta, has olive oil and raw coconut sugar, it is pretty healthy dessert and snack option as well.
So without any further delay, here is the recipe for the BEST EVER BANANA BREAD which is also 100% whole wheat has olive oil and raw sugar. Yes this is called hitting a jackpot, truly!
100% whole wheat, no butter, no processed sugar Double Chocolate whole wheat Banana Bread. Yes, you read it right. Click to get the recipe which is a treasure for life.
Roughly mash bananas in a large bowl, I like a little bit of piece coming here and there, so I use the whisk or potato masher to mash, I do not puree them, however, if you prefer you can puree them as well. Add olive oil on top and whisk till combined.
Sieve together whole wheat flour, baking powder, baking soda, cocoa powder and cinnamon. Add raw sugar to this and mix.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet (eggs, banana and oil) and using a spatula to mix till fully incorporated.
Add the chopped dark chocolate and mix well. Pour in the prepared loaf tin and bake at 180C for 50-55 mins or till the skewer comes out clean in the middle.
Let cool completely before taking it out of the tin and slicing.
Serve with tea/coffee as a tea time treat or with ice cream as after meal dessert.
What on earth is raw coconut sugar?
Can I substitute brown sugar for the raw coconut version ?


text:
Q: Override Primefaces Renderer I'm developing a dynamic menu using Primefaces and JSF 2.2.
The problem is that it's not inserting the menu id. Looking primefaces' code it hits a code that will always be false:
BaseMenuRenderer:
protected boolean shouldRenderId(MenuElement element) {
    if(element instanceof UIComponent)
        return shouldWriteId((UIComponent) element);
    else
        return false;
}

TieredMenuRenderer:
 writer.startElement("li", null);
                    if(shouldRenderId(submenu)) {
                        writer.writeAttribute("id", submenu.getClientId(), null);
                    }

So, I decided to override primefaces' TieredMenuRenderer, but my override constructor classe is called but the override method is never called.
Here's how I set my facesconfig.xml
<render-kit>
        <renderer>
            <component-family>org.primefaces.component</component-family>
            <renderer-type>org.primefaces.component.TieredMenuRenderer</renderer-type>
            <renderer-class>ui.jsf.TieredMenuRenderer</renderer-class>
        </renderer>
    </render-kit>

My override class:
    public class TieredMenuRenderer extends org.primefaces.component.tieredmenu.TieredMenuRenderer {
  @Override
    protected void encodeElements(FacesContext context, AbstractMenu menu, List<MenuElement> elements) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("----------- TEST --------------");
        super.encodeElements(context, menu, elements);
    }

Sysout is never print.
Does anyone know what i'm doing wrong?
Thanks!
Edit:
Add ID to DefaultMenuItem:
  DefaultMenuItem item = new DefaultMenuItem();
  item.setId(menuItem.getMenuId());// just return a string value.

Adding menu xhtml, the "menucontroller.model" is a primefaces MenuModel which I use a DefaultMenuModel :

Iterating over renderer kit, When I execute the following command, returns the correct renderer-type org.primefaces.component.TieredMenuRenderer
Iterator<String> renderKit = kit.getRendererTypes("org.primefaces.component");

When I execute the following code returns my qualified classname ui.jsf.TieredMenuRenderer@64baec0e:
Renderer renderer = kit.getRenderer("org.primefaces.component", "org.primefaces.component.TieredMenuRenderer");

A: First of all, My renderer was not overriding the correct renderer. I was overriding org.primefaces.component.tieredmenu.TieredMenuRenderer when I should override org.primefaces.component.MenubarRenderer.
Then, to correct the primefaces id problem I did the following in my rendered class:
 @Override
    protected boolean shouldRenderId(MenuElement element) {
        return true;
    }

@Override
    public void encodeEnd(FacesContext context, UIComponent component) throws IOException {
        AbstractMenu menu = (AbstractMenu) component;
        encodeMarkup(context, menu);
        encodeScript(context, menu);
    }

EncodedEnd was calling "generateIds()" from primefaces which override my ids.
Full rendered class:
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.faces.component.UIComponent;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;

import org.primefaces.component.menu.AbstractMenu;
import org.primefaces.model.menu.MenuElement;

public class MenuRenderer extends org.primefaces.component.menubar.MenubarRenderer {

    @Override
    protected boolean shouldRenderId(MenuElement element) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void encodeEnd(FacesContext context, UIComponent component) throws IOException {
        AbstractMenu menu = (AbstractMenu) component;
        encodeMarkup(context, menu);
        encodeScript(context, menu);
    }

}


text:
Gas, Oil
RAE prepares list of crucial industries for gas rationing exemption
Greek, Cypriot hydrocarbons vital for EU, minister says
Greek and Cypriot hydrocarbon deposits promise to play an important role in strengthening the European Union, Environment, Energy & Climate Change Minister Yiannis Maniatis pointed out during an interview on local radio.
"It is important that we are supporting and bolstering Europe's energy security with sources provided by EU countries," the minister told "Parapolitika" radio. "Energy security is the leading matter preoccupying the European Union, and was the main topic at the latest European Council summit meeting…Unfortunately, the EU depends on energy imports from non-EU members."
Commenting on hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation in other parts of the world, the Greek minister said the sector has contributed to the prosperity of people in countries such as the UK and Norway, while adding that energy deposits had proven to be detrimental for other regions.
"Our objective is for the hydrocarbon deposits to function as an oasis of peace, for the common benefit of all people in the southeast Mediterranean," Maniatis remarked.
The minister expressed satisfaction about two collaborative regions being developed, one involving Greece, Cyprus, and Egypt, the other Greece, Cyprus and Israel.
"The message being conveyed by Greece and Cyprus is that these are collaborations that do not oppose any third party. On the contrary, these collaborations would gladly be expanded to include other regional countries," Maniatis remarked.
As for Greece's energy policy and the effort to upgrade the country's geopolitical standing, Maniatis noted that, besides the current international tenders for hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, the country is also seeking to help initiate the development of significant infrastructure for the wider region. The minister mentioned a plan for the EastMed Pipeline, intended to transmit natural gas from deposits located within Cyprus's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to Europe via Crete, mainland Greece, and Italy. Maniatis reminded that such a natural gas transmission route does not exist in the EU. Maniatis also referred to another prospective and ambitious pipeline route, to run from the Aegean all the way up to the Baltic states, as a project that needs to be discussed with neighboring states.


text:
Factors Associated With Progression and Outcomes of Early Stage Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
Gatselis, Nikolaos K1
Goet, Jorn C2
Zachou, Kalliopi3
Lammers, Willem J2
Janssen, Harry L A4
Hirschfield, Gideon5
Corpechot, Christophe6
Lindor, Keith D7
Invernizzi, Pietro8
Mayo, Marlyn J9
Battezzati, Pier Maria10
Floreani, Annarosa11
Pares, Albert12
Lygoura, Vasiliki13
Nevens, Frederik14
Mason, Andrew L15
Kowdley, Kris V16
Ponsioen, Cyriel Y17
Bruns, Tony18
Thorburn, Douglas19
Verhelst, Xavier20
Harms, Maren H2
van Buuren, Henk R2
Hansen, Bettina E21
Dalekos, George N3
1 Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected] , (Greece)
2 Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. , (Netherlands)
3 Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece. , (Greece)
4 Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. , (Canada)
5 National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. , (United Kingdom)
6 Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires des Voies Biliaires, Hoôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. , (France)
7 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
8 Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. , (Italy)
9 Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
10 Department of Health Sciences, Università; degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. , (Italy)
11 Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. , (Italy)
12 Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. , (Spain)
13 Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece; Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. , (Greece)
14 Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. , (Belgium)
15 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. , (Canada)
16 Liver Care Network, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
17 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. , (Netherlands)
18 Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany. , (Germany)
19 The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. , (United Kingdom)
20 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. , (Belgium)
21 Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. , (Canada)
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.013
Antimitochondrial Antibodies
Autoimmune Liver Disease
Prognostic Factor
Udca
Patients usually receive a diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) at an early stage, based on biochemical analyses. We investigated the proportion of patients who progress to moderate or advanced PBC and factors associated with progression and patient survival. We obtained data from 1615 patients (mean age, 55.4 y) with early stage PBC (based on their normal levels of albumin and bilirubin), collected at the time of initial evaluation or treatment, from the Global PBC Study Group database (comprising patients at 19 liver centers in North American and European countries). We collected data from health care evaluations on progression to moderate PBC (abnormal level of bilirubin or albumin) or advanced-stage PBC (abnormal level of both). The median follow-up time was 7.9 years. The composite end point was decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or death. Of the 1615 patients identified with early stage PBC, 904 developed moderate PBC and 201 developed advanced disease over the study period. The proportions of patients who transitioned to moderate PBC at 1, 3, and 5 years were 12.9%, 30.2%, and 45.8%. The proportions of these patients who then transitioned to advanced PBC at 1, 3, and 5 years later were 3.4%, 12.5%, and 16.0%, respectively. During the follow-up period, 236 patients had a clinical event. The proportions of patients with moderate PBC and event-free survival were 97.9%, 95.1%, and 91.5% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, and the proportions of patients with advanced PBC and event-free survival were 90.6%, 71.2%, and 58.3% at 1, 3, and 5 years later, respectively. Variables associated with transition from early to moderate PBC included baseline levels of bilirubin, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase; aspartate to alanine aminotransferase ratio; platelet count; and treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. Transitions from early to moderate PBC and from moderate to advanced PBC were associated with higher probabilities of a clinical event (time-dependent hazard ratios, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0-4.5; and 4.6; 95% CI, 3.5-6.2). Approximately half of patients with early stage PBC progress to a more severe stage within 5 years. Progression is associated with an increased risk of a clinical event, so surveillance is important for patients with early stage PBC. Copyright © 2020 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Other sources for this publication
Factors associated with progression and outcomes of early stage primary biliary cholangitis
Ghent University Institutional Archive
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. This record was last updated on 01/04/2021 and may not reflect the most current and accurate biomedical/scientific data available from NLM. The corresponding record at NLM can be accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31419573


A Guide To Our Favourite Haunts In The Capital City.
A city of forts, flyovers and flowering trees that showcase different seasons, Delhi is a place that has constantly evolved to match steps with the global world. It is a city that is now home to fading aristocrats as much as it is to migrant workers, bureaucrats and activists - but in reality it is a city that now belongs to everyone and to no one. The chaotic gullies of Chandni Chowk lead to the wide, shaded avenues of Lutyens New Delhi, which is also the political powerhouse of the country. It is therefore no surprise that an urbane village has now formed around a sixteenth century tomb and a magnificent forts are found next to slums and offices. Crammed with layers of history and thousands of stories, you will find moments of pure beauty here; an elderly man threading temple marigolds, devotional Sufi songs or a young boy flying a kite from a rooftop.
In short, Delhi is a city that has been reborn multiple times, despite being ravaged by multiple emperors and vestiges of lost empires can now be found in every neighbourhood. There is so much experience here, something that you will not find anywhere else in the world.
By Rail: Nearest railway station is Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station and New Delhi railway station.
Getting Around Delhi: The Capital of the country is well-connected by road. While local buses and autos are always available, the Delhi Metro is the best way to get around the city. You can also book cab services, through apps like Ola and Uber.
Best time to Visit: The best time to visit Delhi is from October to March when the weather is pleasant, thereby enabling you to enjoy all the activities and sightseeing.
People who visit Delhi for the first time always arrive with a list of food that they have to eat here. These usually involve chhole bhature in Bengali market, daulat ki chaat at Chandni Chowk and dal at Bukhara. While these are dishes that you definitely need to try, Delhi has much more to offer to the foodie in you. This is why we have compiled a list of five restaurants/food outlets... .
One of the elemental joys of travel is shopping. It is a great way to experience new cultures, see fascinating places, hear interesting stories and above all, immerse yourself in the local culture in a very real and authentic manner. A word of advice, when heading to a new destination is to do some research about where locals shops, because these places can provide you a distinct advantage. You... .


text:
Home > Boonshoft School of Medicine > Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology > Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications > 62
Comparison of Ca2+ Loading and Retention in Isolated Skeletal Muscle Triads and Terminal Cisternae
James W. Kramer
Adrian M. Corbett, Wright State University - Main CampusFollow
Ca2+ loading and retention were examined in isolated skeletal muscle triads and terminal cisternae to determine 1) whether excessive loading altered the response of triads to depolarization-induced Ca2+ release and 2) whether these vesicles were similar in their ability to load and retain Ca2+. A mixture of triads and terminal cisternae was loaded with variable amounts of Ca2+ and then subjected to maximal depolarization. Ca2+ release was monitored by changes in extravesicular fura 2 fluorescence using 340/380-nm excitation and 510-nm emission wavelengths. The amount of Ca2+ released from triads due to maximal depolarization increases with increasing Ca2+ loads until a maximal response is obtained, indicating triad saturation. At pH 7, triadic vesicles preferentially loaded and retained Ca2+ at low Ca2+ loads, but, with increasing loads, nontriadic vesicles began to retain Ca2+. At pH 6.5, which should close all open uncoupled ryanodine receptors, triadic and isolated terminal cisternae vesicles loaded and retained Ca2+ in a similar manner. A population of triads, which have some uncoupled ryanodine receptors, did not retain their loaded Ca2+ at pH 7.0 but did retain Ca2+ at pH 6.5; this resulted in a doubling of the amount of Ca2+ released on maximal depolarization after loading at pH 6.5.
Kramer, J. W., & Corbett, A. M. (1996). Comparison of Ca2+ Loading and Retention in Isolated Skeletal Muscle Triads and Terminal Cisternae. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, 270 (6), C1602-C1610.
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ncbp/62


Admit it, sometimes we just want to escape. From the crying kids and unwashed dishes, from the demanding boss and office politics, from the craziness or routine of our lives. But we often find ourselves asking: So…where to? There are so many exotic places in the world, how can you pick one that fits your time, budget, and interest? It was pretty hard until Wanderfly came along. On Wanderfly.com, simply answer a few questions, and you're in to discover a world of wonderful destinations that you may never heard of or thought about going before. In a few seconds, you also get an estimated cost of the trip. I love the clean and slick design, and have spent hours and hours just browsing all those fabulous places and let my imagination wander.
What's the secret behind this amazing New York tech startup?
All of us know that travel is a huge market, but most of the money is made during transactions: air, hotel, package bookings. A travel inspiration site like Wanderfly comes very early in the decision making process, would it capture enough transactions or generate enough leads to be profitable?
Even though many of us love thinking and talking about travel, most Americans travel once or twice a year, if ever, especially to international destinations which seems to be Wanderfly's focus. Would the volume big enough to attract advertisers and realize sizable revenue?
Everyone talk about how hard it is to find a technical cofounder at startups. The founders of Wanderfly.com: CEO Evan Schneyer, Director of Marketing Christy Liu, and Director of Business Development Cezary Pietrzak were classmates at University of Pennsylvania. None of them are whiz coders, how did they first get their idea off ground, find the director of technology, sign up an amazing board of advisors and raise $1 million funding from investors including Charles River Ventures and Jason Calacanis?
And most importantly, what's next for Wanderfly? What are they cooking up to make travel more social?
These are the questions I'm going to ask them during the Travel 2.0 Meetup's Online Travel Startup Feature Disucssion on March 17th, 2011. The co-founders of Wanderfly will share their founding stories in an intimate and honest roundtable. What questions would you ask? Join us!


text:
José Patiño Rosales, né à Milan (alors possession espagnole) le  et mort à La Granja (province de Ségovie) le , est un homme d'État espagnol durant le règne de Philippe V d'Espagne, secrétaire d'État de 1734 à 1736.

Famille et jeunesse

Ses parents

Le père de José, Lucas Patiño de Ibarra, noble d'origine galicienne, est marquis de Castellar, membre du Conseil Privé et Veedor General del Ejército, Inspecteur Général des troupes espagnoles stationnées dans le duché de Milan, alors possession espagnole. Sa mère, née Beatriz de Rosales y Facini, lui légua son nom de famille suivant l'usage espagnol.

La famille Patiño avait pris parti pour les Bourbons et contre les Habsbourgs dans la lutte qui opposait ces deux dynasties pour le choix d'un successeur au roi d'Espagne Charles II.

Le frère de José, Baltasar (Milan 1667 - Paris 1763) fut intendant général d'Aragon, puis secrétaire d'État de la Guerre. Disgracié en 1725, il revint en grâce en 1726, et fut nommé ambassadeur d'Espagne à Paris, où il chercha à contrecarrer la politique du cardinal Fleury.

Sa jeunesse
Destiné à la prêtrise, José fait de solides études de théologie. Il fait partie, pendant 11 ans, de la Compagnie de Jésus, puis quitte les ordres. Il fut présenté à Philippe V en 1702 après la bataille de Luzzara (en Émilie, les franco-espagnols y battirent les autrichiens du Prince Eugène). Patiño, qui avait obtenu une charge au Sénat de Milan, rentra en Espagne quand, à la fin de la Guerre de Succession d'Espagne, les Espagnols durent appliquer les clauses du traité d'Utrecht (1713) et évacuer l'Italie : le Milanais, Naples et la Sardaigne (et les Pays-Bas) allaient à l'Autriche - et le Duc de Savoie récoltait la Sicile.

Premières armes dans le corps administratif de Philippe V

Patiño fut d'abord nommé membre du "Conseil des Ordres Militaires" par le roi Philippe V (1707).
Il fut ensuite nommé Intendant d'Estrémadure. À ce poste de haute responsabilité, Patiño géra de son mieux les désastres de la guerre de Succession d'Espagne dans la Provincia de Extremadura et essaya d'atténuer à Càceres comme à Badajos les souffrances de la population. Le flux et reflux des troupes Franco-Espagnoles (commandées par Berwick) et des troupes Anglo-Portugaises (menées par Schoemberg) avait en effet dévasté cette province limitrophe du Portugal.

Activité importante (et controversée) en Catalogne
Nommé ensuite président ("intérimaire") de la Junta de Justicia y Gobierno de Cataluña de 1714 à 1716, Patiño va s'appliquer, en grand commis de l'État et en bon serviteur du roi (et suivant l'exemple du conseiller royal Jean Orry) à y abolir le particularisme et à en "castillaniser" les institutions.

Le pouvoir central avait bien choisi son moment : Aragon et Valence étant aux mains de Philippe V depuis la bataille d'Al Mansa (1707), à la fin de la Guerre de Succession, Barcelone assiégée était prise (1714), Majorque reconquise (1715) et la Catalogne qui avait pris le parti des Habsbourg était à terre.

Barcelone en particulier avait beaucoup souffert : prise aux partisans des Habsbourg en  par Philippe V et le maréchal Tesse (qui avait appliqué une politique de terreur en Catalogne comme en Aragon) - puis reprise par les Anglais (qui d'ailleurs avaient pris Gibraltar le 25 aout 1704, et gardèrent el Peñon, le Rocher, par la suite…), la capitale de la Catalogne était finalement tombée aux mains des Franco-Espagnols le , après un siège long et féroce.

Patiño d'une part géra l'occupation en mettant sous séquestre les biens des partisans des Habsbourg et en revivifiant le commerce local - et d'autre part s'attacha à la fois à réformer durablement les institutions catalanes, et à drainer vers les coffres royaux les impôts de la riche Catalogne.

Il créa le Real Catastro (Cadastre Royal), compilation de tous les biens fonciers des Catalans, ceux de l'Église étant exemptés sous certaines conditions d'antériorité. Cette innovation sans précédent en Espagne devait permettre à l'administration de l'Hacienda une levée de l'impôt régulière et sans contestation possible car fondée sur documents et archives.

Évidemment le passage des arpenteurs royaux sur leurs terres et les investigations sur la valeur agricole de chaque parcelle indisposa fortement les Catalans. Des questionnaires à remplir avaient même été envoyés dans chaque paroisse. Les propriétaires cherchèrent avec ensemble à éluder les investigations, à minorer la valeur foncière des biens, ou à attribuer la propriété de telle ou telle parcelle à un de leurs parents ecclésiastiques. Mais quand le montant du nouvel impôt foncier, prétendu équivalent à celui que payaient déjà les Castillans, fut connu (il s'élevait à un million et demi de pesos), la révolte gronda. Finalement le montant de l'impôt foncier exigible fut diminué de moitié.

Surtout, Patiño inspira au pouvoir central les décrets de Nueva Planta (in extenso : Nueva Planta de la Real Audiencia del Principado de Cataluña establecido por Su Majestad…) qui tend à éliminer les institutions traditionnelles de la Catalogne.

Patiño a laissé aux Catalans le souvenir d'un administrateur centralisateur qui, héritier de l'esprit des vainqueurs de la Bataille des Comuneros (1521), a cherché à annuler les privilèges et libertés (les fueros) qui leur restaient, et de plus a voulu imposer chez eux l'usage du castillan aux dépens de la llengua catalana (cf note I). Ces atteintes à l'autonomie culturelle, législative et économique des Catalans entraînèrent une exaspération des mouvements fueristes qu'Alberoni eut à réduire, en particulier en 1720.

Restauration de la Marine Espagnole
Nommé par la suite (1717) Intendant Général de la Marine, sur recommandation du cardinal Giulio Alberoni alors tout puissant, Patiño s'inspira de Colbert et entama des réformes décisives sur le modèle français : son "Ordenanza de la Armada" (Ordonnance pour la Flotte de guerre), touchait tant les galères de Méditerranée que les escadres de l'Atlantique et les galions du Pacifique. Patiño Rosales ressuscita la puissance navale espagnole en dotant l'Armada de 31 vaisseaux de ligne (10 armés de 70 canons, et 21 armés de 60 canons), 15 frégates, et d'un grand nombre de petites unités.

Il créa sur le modèle français l'école des Caballeros Guardamarinas (aspirants-officiers de marine).

Il favorisa le développement du port atlantique de Càdiz Cadix en y transférant la Casa de Contratación (Administration et Archives des Colonies), située à Séville depuis près de deux siècles - et en construisant des arsenaux : à Carthagène, El Ferrol, Puntales, ainsi que celui de La Carraca à San Fernando (au sud de Cadix).

La Marine espagnole reconnaissante a lancé en 1994, justement à El Ferrol, le Patiño, un gros B.A.C. (Buque de Abastecimiento de Combate, Bateau d'Approvisionnement de Combat), de  de longueur HT et 17045 T en charge, qui perpétue l'esprit du ministre José Patiño Rosales dont la devise était d'ailleurs : . Sur cet entrepôt flottant (qui peut cependant voguer à 20 nœuds) une infirmerie de dix lits et un bloc opératoire rappellent que Patiño s'est penché aussi, et en précurseur, sur le sort des malades et blessés de guerre. Sort qui à l'époque était plutôt confié, après les premiers soins par le chirurgien du bord, à la bonne nature et aux saints ad hoc.

Au début de son exercice
Patiño chercha à appliquer de son mieux (sans doute à son corps défendant, car il connaissait les faiblesses de l'Espagne) les consignes aventureuses du cardinal Giulio Alberoni qui cherchait à satisfaire les désirs de la deuxième épouse de Philippe V : Elisabeth Farnèse régnait en lieu et place de Philippe V et voulait à tout prix reconquérir pour ses héritiers les territoires que l'Espagne possédait en Italie avant les traités d'Utrecht et de Rastadt (1714). Patiño Rosales s'appliqua à organiser les débarquements espagnols en Sardaigne (1717), puis en Sicile (1718), et à réparer les conséquences d'une défaite navale majeure de la Guerre de la Quadruple-Alliance : la bataille du cap Passaro ().

Après que la conspiration de Cellamare et du Duc du Maine contre le Régent eut été déjouée, l'Espagne vaincue, Alberoni désavoué et renvoyé (1719), Patiño Rosales chercha alors (en 1720, en Navarre) à limiter les effets des réactions de la France et de la Grande-Bretagne, qui s'étaient unies contre les prétentions de la reine d'Espagne.

Philippe V abdiqua en 1724, laissant le pouvoir à son fils Louis, mais celui-ci mourut quelques mois plus tard. Philippe V entama alors son second règne, qui ne fut ni plus énergique ni plus réaliste que le premier, mais il aura le bonheur de pouvoir confier les rênes du pouvoir à Don José Patiño

Premier ministre de Philippe V de 1726 à 1736

Le gobierno ilustrado
Le gobierno ilustrado (cf note II) de Patiño fut un heureux changement à la tête de l'Espagne, après les bévues du présomptueux et brouillon Alberoni, puis l'intermède joué par l'aventurier Ripperdá dont los Reyes (le couple royal) s'étaient entichés. Il est juste de convenir que Patiño bénéficia de circonstances favorables : d'une part le terrain avait été préparé par Alberoni, et d'autre part, Elizabeth Farnèse (qui comme lui venait de Parme, ce qui facilitait leur entente…) avait acquis grâce à ses échecs une expérience politique qui lui manquait au début de son règne.

Cependant il allait devoir (en particulier avec l'aide de sa marine restaurée) agir sur deux fronts : le front atlantique, qui assurait grâce aux colonies la survie économique de l'Espagne - et le front méditerranéen, que l'ambition de la reine maintenait ouvert.

Patiño Rosales (aidé par son frère Baltasar puis par le marquis de La Paz, qui mourut en 1733) lutta contre le népotisme et la corruption dans l'administration. Philippe V donnait lui-même l'exemple du laisser-aller ; son premier ministre redressa les Finances. De plus il dirigeait la Marine, las Indias (les colonies), les Affaires Étrangères et la Guerre, donc en fait gouvernait.

Comme l'a écrit Martín Fernández de Navarrete : cet administrateur intègre . Ces contributions exceptionnelles, qui en fait étaient devenues pérennes, portaient des noms qui attestaient de leur impopularité : el millón, la alcabala (une taxe sur les ventes)...

Patiño continua son effort en faveur de l'Armada : imitant aussi dans ce domaine Colbert (qui avait jeté les bases de l'Inscription maritime par ses ordonnances de 1668 et 1670), il créa un règlement du recrutement et de l'immatriculation des gens de mer.

En ce qui concerne l'armée de terre, il la renforça de 33 régiments de milice (1733), et créa le Corps des Intendants et le Corps des Invalides.

Pour redresser et protéger le commerce et l'industrie espagnols, Patiño mena une politique protectionniste (ordonnances de 1728). Ainsi, il interdit aux riches de porter des tissus de luxe et des soieries qui n'auraient pas été fabriquées en Espagne, ou importées officiellement. La création et la prospérité de l'industrie catalane des indiennes  date de cette époque.

Patiño poussa les armateurs ibériques à s'associer pour créer, à l'exemple des Français et des Anglais, des Compagnies Commerciales : en 1728, celle de Caracas vit le jour ; en 1723, celle des Philippines ; en 1734, celle de Galice.

La puissance de la patrie restaurée
L'Espagne, une fois ses forces restaurées put montrer à nouveau sa puissance :
 les Marocains bloquaient Ceuta depuis des années, les Espagnols débarquèrent et leur firent lever le siège.
 les Anglais, en outrepassant sans gêne la clause du navio de permiso importaient en contrebande une grande quantité de marchandises dans les colonies du royaume : par le Traité de Séville (1729) l'Espagne obtint le droit de visite de tous les bateaux anglais surpris dans les eaux territoriales
 Parme et la Toscane furent reconquises en 1731 par le fils du roi et d'Elizabeth Farnèse, le futur Charles III
 Oran et Mazalquivir (Mers-el-Kébir) furent occupées en 1732
 le premier Pacte de famille fut signé avec la France en 1733
 l'Espagne put faire acte de présence lors de la Guerre de Succession de Pologne, ce qui permit au futur Charles III d'obtenir les royaumes de Naples et de Sicile
 enfin l'Espagne récupéra sur le Portugal le territoire de la Banda Oriental en Amérique du Sud.

Le conflit inévitable avec l'Angleterre
De 1733 à sa mort en 1736 Patiño Rosales tenta de réguler l'importation en Amérique espagnole de marchandises issues des manufactures anglaises. Mais l'application des conventions commerciales convenues avec l'Angleterre lors de la signature des traités d'Utrecht (et réitérées lors du Traité de Séville en 1729) se heurtait à la mauvaise foi des Britanniques : l'Angleterre voulait s'ouvrir encore plus le marché des colonies espagnoles, voire les conquérir.

Comme l'écrivit Voltaire dans son "Précis du siècle de Louis XV" (chapitre 27): .

Après l'échec d'une ultime tentative de conciliation (Conférence du Prado 1738), l'Angleterre saisit un prétexte ridicule vieux de sept ans et, en dépit même des tentatives d'apaisement de Robert Walpole, déclara en 1739 la guerre à l'Espagne : ce fut la guerre de l'oreille de Jenkins, qui fut un désastre pour la Grande-Bretagne.

Reconnaissance tardive et fin de vie
Philippe V, complètement hors de la réalité quotidienne, reconnut bien tardivement la valeur de Patiño : il ne le nomma Secretario del Estado (poste qui de nos jours correspondrait à Président du Conseil) qu'en 1734 et ne le fit Grand d'Espagne qu'en , 2 mois avant sa mort (). Il est vrai que Patiño devait compter avec beaucoup d'ennemis : les autonomistes, les Jésuites, le parti aristocratique, les Anglais et les Habsbourgs et leurs partisans…

L'héritage laissé par l'honnête et rigoureux Patiño Rosales s'avéra si modeste que le roi dut payer les funérailles de son Secratario de Estado sur sa cassette et doter sa nièce, la comtesse de Fuenclara.

Le peuple espagnol pleura Patiño Rosales, alors qu'il se réjouit, dix ans plus tard, à la mort de Philippe V...

Le successeur de Patiño fut José del Campillo, qui gouverna l'Espagne de 1736 à 1743 en suivant l'impulsion de son prédécesseur.

José Patiño Rosales vu par ses contemporains

Le récit du voyage du Commodore Anson

Richard Walter, chapelain du Centurion qui rédigea un récit du Voyage du Commodore Anson (1740-1744), mentionne Patiño Rosales lorsqu'il décrit (Livre II, chapitre X) le trafic transpacifique assuré par les galions espagnols entre Manille et Acapulco. Avant de décrire comment Anson réussit à capturer le galion de Manille, Walter assure que c'est la Compagnie de Jésus qui a organisé le circuit et utilise les énormes bénéfices qu'il engendre pour étendre son influence temporelle et spirituelle en Asie. Cette mainmise, poursuit Walter, perdure bien que le premier ministre Patiño Rosales ait essayé de faire retomber cette manne dans les coffres royaux...

Gil Blas de Santillane de Lesage
De 1715 à 1735 (pendant la période d'exercice de Patiño Rosales)  Alain-René Lesage écrivit, continua et remania son Gil Blas de Santillane. Lesage fut un grand connaisseur de l'Espagne et en fit son terrain d'observation favori, ce qui lui permit de brocarder impunément la France selon le principe . De même, en décrivant les tribulations de Gil Blas, le séide du duc de Lerme (ministre prévaricateur de Philippe III d'Espagne, qui fut disgracié en 1618 et obligé de rendre gorge), Lesage attire, sans danger pour lui, l'attention de ses contemporains sur la gestion impeccable de Patiño Rosales. Sade n'assurait-il pas avoir voulu dépeindre le vice pour inciter à la vertu?

Voltaire, dans son Précis du Siècle de Louis XV

Voltaire, s'il mentionne abondamment Alberoni, ne cite pas le nom de Patiño, mais note (chapitre 1) que grâce à son successeur, .

Voltaire décrit aussi (chapitre 27) comment les mesures protectionnistes et la restauration de la marine espagnole eurent pour corollaire une réaction hostile de l'Angleterre, la guerre de l'oreille de Jenkins :

Voltaire décrit par ailleurs (chapitre 9) l'asiento et le navío de permiso, des privilèges commerciaux accordés par l'Espagne à l'Angleterre, qui en abusa et en prit prétexte pour déclencher la guerre de l'oreille de Jenkins.

Saint-Simon, dans ses « Mémoires »
Saint-Simon cite rapidement Patiño au milieu d'une analyse entomologique de la cour de Philippe V d'Espagne ; s'il s'étend au long de plusieurs chapitres sur les particularités de l'étiquette et la nomenclature des grands d'Espagne, il n'accorde à Patiño que quelques lignes et l'expédie ainsi dans le tome 32, page 3 :

Saint-Simon mentionne encore Patiño, du bout des lèvres (tome 15, chapitre XVIII des Mémoires) comme ... Chiche appréciation pour toute une vie de labeur au service de la patrie. Mais Saint-Simon est encore moins laudatif vis-à-vis de Colbert et de son œuvre (cf note III)...

Iconographie

 Un portrait de Patiño peut être vu à la page 35 du Catálogo de Pinturas de la Real Academia de la Historia, catalogue dressé par Herbert Gonzalez Zymla et coll., édité par la Real Academia de la Historia à Madrid (2003), .

Il s'agit de la reproduction par un certain Esteban Aparicio d'une œuvre d'un peintre inconnu. La trichromie renforce l'impression d'austérité : fond et habit noirs, linge de cou et manchettes blanches, liséré rouge de la cravate d'un ordre que la main droite, glissée dans l'entrebâillement de l'habit, révèle discrètement. L'homme, qui pourrait être un abbé de cour comme il y en eut tant au , a une cinquantaine d'années. Ses traits réguliers (front haut, grand nez droit, menton accentué), d'une beauté classique, suggèrent la bonté, la volonté, la franchise. L'intelligence, tempérée par une certaine réserve, brille dans les yeux. La bouche accuse néanmoins un discret pli d'amertume. La main gauche tient en évidence, entre l'index et le majeur, une feuille de papier pliée (symbole de l'intellectuel), sur laquelle est peut-être écrite la devise de José Patiño : .

 Un autre portrait de Patiño figure en médaillon sur la page d'accueil du site Portal/Armada Española/conocenos_organizacion http:// www. armada.mde.es/ Armada Portal/Armada Española/conocenos_organizacion.

Le ministre tout-puissant a été peint à 70 ans environ, alors qu'il arrive à la fin de sa vie. Il arbore maintenant avec une certaine ostentation la cravate de la Toison d'or, et sur le cœur la plaque ovale d'un ordre (croix verte sur fond blanc). L'habit de soie ardoise est richement orné. Mais le ventre distend le gilet doré, et les traits sont empâtés et affaissés : double menton, nez busqué à la façon des derniers portraits de Louis XIV. Cependant, on peut encore lire sur ses traits fatigués la perspicacité et la volonté. Et aussi un certain contentement de soi, et un orgueil contenu : à la fin de sa vie, le vieux ministre sait qu'il a bien servi l'Espagne, et aussi mené la vie dure à ses ennemis...

 Le BAC (Buque de Abastecimiento de Combate, Bateau d'Approvisionnement de Combat), baptisé Patiño en l'honneur du ministre à qui la Marine de Guerre espagnole doit tant, peut être vu avec ses caractéristiques sur le site Armada Española ainsi que sur www.naval-technology.com/projects/Patino.

Sources

 WP:sp pour "José Patiño Rosales", et "Secretaria_de_Estado_de_España"
 WP:en (article sur "José Patiño Rosales" fortement inspiré de l'"Encyclopedia Britannica")
 "Encyclopedia Britannica"
 "Dictionnaire Larousse 6 vol."
 "Encyclopédie Larousse 20 vol."
 "Dictionnaire franco-espagnol et espagnol-français" Larousse, collection Saturne.
 Google books
 Wiki sources
 Wikiquote pour "Langue catalane"

Notes

 I / "Patiño et la Catalogne".

Hacer de nueva planta signifie en castillan
"refaire entièrement" - les fueros sont les libertés (compilées dans des recueils nommés aussi fueros) contre lesquelles les rois d'Espagne ont toujours lutté, et qui ne furent prises en compte que par l'éphémère Constitution de 1812. (fueros signifie aussi "morgue, audace"...)

Documents décrivant l'action centralisatrice de Patiño en Catalogne :

1/ www.tvcatalunya.com/historiadecatalunya/personatges/per 102337771.htm

2/ www.tvcatalunya.com/historiadecatalunya/document/doc 102339810.htm

3/ "La persecucio politica de la LLENGUA CATALANA, historia de las mesures preses contra el seu us des de la Nova Planta…" par Francesc Ferrer i Girones, 1985, Ediciones 62.

4/ "Valores y narrativa : axologia educativa de Occidente" par Octavi Fullat, 2005, edicion Genis (Universidad de Barcelona)

5/ " Modernizacion fiscal ? La implantacion del CATASTRO en Cataluña ", par Llorenç Ferrer Alos, Université de Barcelone (in http://www.catastro.meh.es/esp/publicaciones/CT/CT 46/03/LLorenc Ferrer.pdf)

6/ "José Patiño, l'exterminador de Cataluña" https://www.sapiens.cat/epoca-historica/historia-moderna/catalunya-1714/jose-patino-l-exterminador-de-catalunya_14767_102.html

7/ Lettre de Patiño a l'Eveque de Barcelone:  "Ce qui convient au service de S.M. et au vrai bien être de ces autochtones, est d'essayer de les faire oublier ce qu'ils ont été et que leur Gouvernement soit aussi uniforme que possible à celui de toutes les Provinces de S.M. ..." (Madrid, le 11 mai 1734)

8/ Lettre du Gouverneur Militaire de la Catalogne a Patiño: "... je manquerais à mon devoir si je n'avertis à V.E. des voix qui courent par ce pays, dont les autochtones n'ont pas perdu la mémoire, ni l'espoir de ses anciens privilèges, que pour les avoir sont capables te tenter presque l'impossible." (Barcelone, le 2 avril 1735)
 II/ "Gobierno ilustrado" : mot-à-mot " gouvernement éclairé", devrait plutôt s'entendre comme " gouvernement de despote éclairé ".

 III/ "St-Simon et J.B.Colbert" : les appréciations sur le grand commis Colbert sont rares, brèves et peu laudatives dans les "Mémoires" de St-Simon. Certes il y a une génération d'écart entre les deux hommes, et Colbert est mort en 1683 alors que les "Mémoires" couvrent la période de 1691 à 1723. Mais il est évident que St-Simon est révulsé de voir un roi prendre conseil d'un roturier, et se faire aider pour gérer l'état de quelqu'un qui n'est pas pour le moins duc et pair.

1/ Quand il décrit (Tome 5) le "Caractère de Louis XIV", St-Simon juge que la dureté et la duperie ont régné dès le début de l'exercice du pouvoir par le roi : "Fouquet fut le malheureux sur lequel éclata la première (la dureté du roi). Colbert fut le ministre de l'autre (la duperie), en saisissant tout seul l'autorité des finances, et lui laissant accroire qu'elle passait tout entière entre ses mains par les signatures dont il l'accabla…".

2/ St-Simon rapporte avec délectation (Tome 6, chapitre V) la fureur du roi, quand l'épouse de Torcy commit la faute de ne pas céder sa place à la duchesse de Duras. Or Torcy, neveu du grand Colbert, fut secrétaire d'État aux affaires étrangères lors de la signature du Traité d'Utrecht, et son épouse était une Arnauld de Pomponne, mais tout cela n'était au mieux que de la noblesse de robe. Le roi s'énerva, et " enfilant là-dessus la généalogie des Arnauld qu'il eut bientôt épuisée, il passa à celle des Colbert qu'il déchiffra de même, s'étendit sur leur folie d'avoir voulu descendre d'un roi d'Écosse ". Et s'échauffant de plus en plus, le roi rappela que Colbert l'avait longuement tourmenté afin qu'il écrive personnellement, et par deux fois, au roi d'Angleterre pour lui demander de pousser ses généalogistes à établir la filiation des Colbert. Et Louis XIV eut le déplaisir de recevoir enfin, après relance, la réponse du roi d'Angleterre, qui déclarait qu'il n'y avait pas de roi d'Écosse parmi les ancêtres des Colbert, et de plus "l'assurait que son ministre était trompé par son orgueil…".

Bibliographie
 " Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the house of Bourbon", by William Coxe, 1815.

 "Patiño y Campillo. Reseña historico-biografica de estos dos ministros" par Antonio Rodriguez Villa, 1882 (Campillo fut le successeur de Patiño - une reseña est une notice)

 "Les Intendants espagnols du  siècle", par Fabrice Abbad et Didier Ozanam, édit. Casa de Velàsquez, .

 "Historia General de España y América ", de Luis Suares Fernàndez, ed. Corona Baratech.

 "The treaties of the War of the spanish succession", de Linda Frey et Marsha Frey, ed. Greenwood Publishing, .

 "José Patiño : el inicio del gobierno politico-economico ilustrado en España" par Ildefonso Pulido Bueno, 1948, publié par l'auteur, .

 "Estado, geometra y propiedad. Los origenes del catastro en España, 1715-1971", 1992,

Voir aussi

Article connexe
Liste des présidents du gouvernement espagnol

Liens externes

Naissance à Milan
Naissance en avril 1666
Décès en novembre 1736
Personnalité politique espagnole d'Ancien Régime
Chevalier de l'ordre espagnol de la Toison d'Or (XVIIIe siècle)
Décès à 70 ans
Secrétaire d'État espagnol d'Ancien Régime


I thought it might be nice to write a fashion (if you can call it that) post today and kick off my "what I wore today" section as I always love reading about this on other people's blogs. As I uploaded the pictures onto blogger on my phone I've been unable to reposition them properly and I've had to type underneath which is kind of annoying. Anyway, in the top pictures you can see my lovely Topshop double layer pencil skirt that I bought last week for £20, the double layer basically means it is mega flattering as it holds me in and gives definition rather than horrible clinginess. I like wearing this skirt in the evening with a sheer sleeveless blouse but for the day it's great with a jumper tucked in, like the one you see in the picture. I got that one for £10 from Marks and Spencer back in the Autumn. It looks a bit frumpy when worn with jeans or black trousers but is great tucked in to a skirt.
I'm also wearing my Baukjen navy leather belt which I got half price for £34 last year (currently for sale from the Baukjen web site full price in different colours. I love this belt for cinching my waist in and adding a bit of glamour to an outfit.
I'm also wearing some fab studded shoe boots that I bought in Asda Living a few months ago too for £18. They are really comfy and flattering too, though I'm never quite sure what to wear them with, any ideas?
There are also some pictures of my new Elkin bracelet, which I bought with an Achica gift voucher, I would never normally spend that sort of money on what is essentially a string bracelet but the skull has really grown on me and I've had loads of nice comments about it, there is a little sparkly trinket on the other side too which is pretty cool.
And last but not least, I managed to persuade my husband to pose for a picture in his new Joules coat which we managed to pick up in Ilkley today for £60 (was £120). The new style were in stock as well and were identical to the sale version but half the price! Insane.
What do you think? What did you wear today?


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However, when I go to "Configure WSO2 API Manager" I see an error trying to go to the the "Configure Analytics" tab (logs below).
Exact same scenario as this defect, but can't find any other tips on the web on how to resolve.  Thanks in advance!
https://wso2.org/jira/browse/APIMANAGER-3765
2015-11-17 22:47:15,414 org.mozilla.javascript.EcmaError: TypeError: Cannot read property "enableAnalytics" from undefined (/admin-dashboard/site/themes/default/templates/analytics-task/template.jag#551) More
TID[-1234] [AM] [2015-11-17 22:47:15,414] ERROR {org.jaggeryjs.jaggery.core.manager.WebAppManager} - org.mozilla.javascript.EcmaError: TypeError: Cannot read property "enableAnalytics" from undefined (/admin-dashboard/site/themes/default/templates/analytics-task/template.jag#551) org.jaggeryjs.scriptengine.engine.RhinoEngine.execScript(RhinoEngine.java:571) org.jaggeryjs.scriptengine.engine.RhinoEngine.exec(RhinoEngine.java:273) org.jaggeryjs.jaggery.core.manager.WebAppManager.execute(WebAppManager.java:541) org.jaggeryjs.jaggery.core.JaggeryServlet.doGet(JaggeryServlet.java:24) javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:735) javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:848) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:748) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:486) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:378) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:338) org.jaggeryjs.jaggery.core.JaggeryFilter.doFilter(JaggeryFilter.java:21) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220) org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122) org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501) org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171) org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.CompositeValve.continueInvocation(CompositeValve.java:178) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.CarbonTomcatValve$1.invoke(CarbonTomcatValve.java:47) org.wso2.carbon.webapp.mgt.TenantLazyLoaderValve.invoke(TenantLazyLoaderValve.java:56) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.TomcatValveContainer.invokeValves(TomcatValveContainer.java:47) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.CompositeValve.invoke(CompositeValve.java:141) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.CarbonStuckThreadDetectionValve.invoke(CarbonStuckThreadDetectionValve.java:156) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950) org.wso2.carbon.tomcat.ext.valves.CarbonContextCreatorValve.invoke(CarbonContextCreatorValve.java:52) org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408) org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1736) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1695) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2015-11-17 22:47:15,384 Error occurred while retrieving Datasource configurations (Cause:org.apache.axis2.AxisFault: Access Denied. Authentication failed - Invalid credentials provided.)  More
TID[-1234] [AM] [2015-11-17 22:47:15,384] ERROR {JAGGERY.modules.analytics.list:jag} - Error occurred while retrieving Datasource configurations (Cause:org.apache.axis2.AxisFault: Access Denied. Authentication failed - Invalid credentials provided.)
2015-11-17 22:47:15,377 Illegal access attempt at [2015-11-17 22:47:15,0376] from IP address 172.17.0.3 while trying to authenticate access to service NDataSourceAdmin More
TID[-1234] [AM] [2015-11-17 22:47:15,377] WARN {org.wso2.carbon.server.admin.module.handler.AuthenticationHandler} - Illegal access attempt at [2015-11-17 22:47:15,0376] from IP address 172.17.0.3 while trying to authenticate access to service NDataSourceAdmin

A: Work around provided in jira in your question. you can check that.
below is the extracted answer in jira.
you have to update the user-mgt.xml as well if you changed the admin password from management console. just change the admin password in user-mgt.xml also.