text:
Q: Oracle - recursive with I am learning recursive with in Oracle.
Based on HR Schema from https://github.com/oracle/dotnet-db-samples/blob/master/schemas/scott.sql
i wanted to create query, which will create a tree of employee-manager.
I've created this query:
with cte(empno,ename,mgr,lvl) as (
  SELECT empno,
         ename,
         mgr,
         0
  FROM   emp
  union all
  SELECT c.empno,
         c.ename,
         c.mgr,
         c.lvl + 1
  FROM   cte c
  join   emp p
         on c.mgr = p.empno
  WHERE p.empno = 7369
)
select * from cte;

But it's no working. What am I missing? Is there a good tutorial, or someone would explain to me how RECURSIVE WITH works?

A: Note that your attempt is based on the SCOTT schema, not on HR.
One simple mistake is where you put the "starting" employee number. That should go in the "anchor" branch (the first branch of UNION ALL), not the "recursive" branch. That is similar to START WITH vs. CONNECT BY in a hierarchical query (connect-by query).
The other mistake, also very simple but very significant, is in the recursive branch. You want to select additional rows from p, you don't want to repeat the values that already existed in c. (That mistake also explains why you ran into "cycle error" - you were repeatedly selecting the same data, over and over again.) The correct solution is to fix that in the query - not to use the CYCLE clause with the wrong query. CYCLE is an advanced feature and you shouldn't need it at this stage; if you run into "cycle error" you are very likely making a different mistake somewhere in the code.
Notice the change from c. ... to p. ... below.
with cte(empno,ename,mgr,lvl) as (
  SELECT empno,
         ename,
         mgr,
         0
  FROM   scott.emp
  WHERE empno = 7369        --  Moved here
  union all
  SELECT p.empno,           --  Not c.empno!  Same in the next two lines.
         p.ename,
         p.mgr,
         c.lvl + 1
  FROM   cte c
  join   scott.emp p
         on c.mgr = p.empno
)
select * from cte;

     EMPNO ENAME             MGR        LVL
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH            7902          0
      7902 FORD             7566          1
      7566 JONES            7839          2
      7839 KING                           3

A: You are getting cycle error which can be prevented using cycle clause.
You need following query:
with cte(empno,ename,mgr,lvl) as (
  SELECT empno,
         ename,
         mgr,
         0
  FROM   emp
  WHERE  empno = 7369
  union all
  SELECT c.empno,
         c.ename,
         c.mgr,
         c.lvl + 1
  FROM   cte c join emp p on c.mgr = p.empno
)
CYCLE empno SET cycle TO 1 DEFAULT 0
select * from cte;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Stridulum EP
by Jason Crock
Following on their stirring full-length debut, The Spoils, Zola Jesus return with a terrific EP that applies their gothic drama to more immediate songs.
Zola Jesus didn't need to clean up to stand apart from the lo-fi horde-- they already had Nika Danilova's voice, which tends to cut through a track and leave an indelible impression no matter how it's recorded. Whether it's wordless yowling, an extended cover of "Somebody to Love", or something as disarming as The Spoils' "Clay Bodies", her singing has a way of sticking in your memory. Even so, the Stridulum EP represents a large stride forward, not just in production quality, but in the band's focus. Heard next to their gauzy beginnings, these six synth-driven tracks sound surprisingly clear, even poppy. Whether this cleaner sound is here to stay or not, the emotions behind the music are just as heavy, and this self-contained EP is the perfect place for the band to try something different.
Danilova still belts out the lyrics from behind layers of cavernous reverb and the overall sound remains dramatic and foreboding. And though there are moments here where the foundation rumbles and the sound is disorienting, recording quality has nothing to do with it. Instead, Zola Jesus are more inclined to shake up the atmosphere with dissonance, like the whirring that disrupts the otherwise calming "Trust Me" or the ominous chamber-of-souls hissing at the end of "Night". Still, these hints of abstraction haunt the margins of more direct songs where hooky verses and memorable choruses are the norm.
The tracks on Stridulum follow a pattern that opener "Night" nails at the start: They build from minimal but insistent beats and simple melodies into crescendos where the synthesizer tones, sampled incidental noise, and layered vocals merge into a stirring whole. Danilova leans on immediate, familiar phrases here: "At the end of the night, we'll be together again"; "When you're lost, know I'll be around"; "It's not easy to fall in love"; "I can't stand to see you this way". The lyrics are visceral, and swooning chords and always-operatic vocals multiply the effect. Zola Jesus may be experimenting in more earnest and accessible pop here, but the charged theatrical mood is just as overwhelming.
Zola Jesus' brooding, gothic vibe probably isn't going anywhere, nor is their willingness to experiment with the sonics and constraints of their songs. But Stridulum's immediately striking cover art hints at the depth of the band's ambition: Their personality is still here, but there's more thought in the composition and the presentation. So rather than cleaning up and getting ready for a close-up, the EP feels more like a lateral move, in the best possible way-- there's no guessing what comes next.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: PEAR path configuration Notice already defined It seems I have a bad pear configuration but can not discover why, I get 'Notice already defined'message when using this library.
On my php.ini I have:
.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/php/libzend-framework-php

the command 'which pear' returns:
/usr/bin/pear

and the command 'pear config-get php_dir' returns:
/usr/share/php/

I do not why seems pear to be loading classes twice.
This is how I am using the code:
 require_once ('Auth.php');//Pear Auth

       $dns = 'mysql://'.USER.':'.Util::decodePass(PASSWORD).'@'.SERVER.'/'.DBNAME;

       // All options:
       // Use specific username and password columns.
       // Use SHA1() to encrypt the passwords.
       // Retrieve all fields.
       $options = array(
       'dsn' => $dns,
       'table' => 'usuario',
       'usernamecol' => 'login',
       'passwordcol' => 'password',
       'cryptType' => 'md5', //'sha1'
       'db_fields' => '*'
       );

      // Create the Auth object:
      $auth = new Auth('DB', $options, 'show_login_form');

      // Start the authorization:
      $auth->start();

      // Confirm authorization:
      if ($auth->checkAuth()) {
         //Authorized

              echo(javaScriptRedirect(true,$js));

       } else { // Unauthorized.

         echo(javaScriptRedirect(false,$js));

                //no se valida la autenticacion
       }


Dr. Jethva has spent almost about a decade in learning, developing, and validating the satellite-based aerosol retrieval from different sensors on board NASA's EOS satellites. His Ph.D. thesis investigation was focused on analyzing aerosol patterns using ground and satellite measurements and suggesting improvements to the NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational aerosol retrieval over the Indian region. His postdoctoral fellowship at Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA, during 2009–2011 was dedicated to the evaluation of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational aerosol products and providing suggestions for the possible improvements in the algorithm. Under the NASA/USRA's GESTAR program, he is responsible to upkeep, maintain, and validate the OMI aerosol product as well as develop innovative algorithms for characterizing aerosols above clouds. He has played a lead role in developing the near-UV and visible-based techniques for the quantitative retrieval of the above-cloud aerosols from OMI, MODIS, And DSCOVR-EPIC observations.
Best Senior Author Publication award conferred by NASA for the outstanding work in the development of a remote sensing approach to retrieve optical depth of aerosols above clouds using MODIS visible observations.
Best Science Highlight award conferred by NASA for the April 2017 Science Highlights titled as "A Global Decadal Record of Optical Depth of Absorbing Aerosols above Clouds from OMI's Near-UV Observations"
Dr. Jethva, alongwith Drs. Omar Torres and Eric Wilcox, organized a session entitled "Aerosols above Clouds" during 2013 AGU Fall Meeting held in San Francisco in December 2013.
Knobelspiesse, K., B. Cairns, H. T. Jethva, et al. M. Kacenelenbogen, M. Segal-Rosenheimer, and O. Torres. 2014. "Remote sensing of above cloud aerosols." Light Scattering Reviews, 9: 167-210, ISBN: 978-3-642-37984-0 (Print) 978-3-642-37985-7 (Online).
Jethva, H. T. 2015. "Interactive comment on "Investigating the frequency and trends in global above-cloud aerosol characteristics with CALIOP and OMI" by R. Alfaro-Contreras et al." Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 15: C1488-C1496.
An Image of The Day (IOTD) article about pre-monsoon dust storm over northern India.
A project sponsored by the North India Office, U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.


text:
HomeAlternative HealthDoctor Sues to Stop Naled Spraying
Doctor Sues to Stop Naled Spraying
July 14, 2017 AFP Editor Alternative Health, Archive, Latest Issue 2
A Miami physician and an attorney have filed an injunction against Dade County to stop the rampant, dangerous use of naled, an organophosphate insecticide in its "air war on mosquitoes." The plaintiffs say local government is not following EPA guidelines that require proper notification to residents to take precautions. Other, non-harmful mosquito management techniques are available and should be implemented as an alternative to spraying us all with poisons.
By James Spounias
You can almost hear the soundtrack from the popular show, "Twilight Zone," which aired from 1959-1964, with this introduction: "Imagine your local government sprays a dangerous pesticide to kill non-disease carrying nuisance mosquitoes without warning or giving precautions, as it has for decades. Those who object are dubbed 'woo-woo' and 'pseudo-science' even though those who spray have no proof it is harmless to human and ecological health. Those who object are crazy. Those who spray, though, are right."
It's not a script from a science-fiction movie but something that has occurred in much of the world without much scrutiny. Until now.
Dr. Michael Hall and Cindy Mattson, attorney at law, filed an injunction against Dade County to halt the use of naled, an organophosphate insecticide, on the grounds that local governmental bodies are not following Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, which require that local agencies provide notice and warn residents to take precautions.
The suit requests that the spraying be halted until evidence about safety can be presented.
Bug Out While You Still Can! Learn More…
Hall has created a crowdfunding page on the Internet to raise money for the suit, detailing the harm naled brings to people.
Many Florida counties are spraying naled to kill "marsh" mosquitoes, which have appeared in unusual activity this year.
Marsh mosquitoes are a nuisance but do not carry disease, making the "basis" for using naled more hollow than using it against disease carrying Aedes aegypti, which is said to carry Zika.
This writer has debunked lies about the threat of the disease called Zika and the use of naled in several articles published in American Free Press, underscoring many among the long list of environmental assaults that go under the radar yet pose serious danger to the health of humanity.
Hall's crowdfunding page appeal states: "We seek an immediate federal injunction and litigation to prevent and stop the use of naled in south Florida. We have a legal team ready to move if we can finance the cause. Why do we need to do this? It's simple. We need to stop the poisoning of our environment, ecosystem, and human species or we will destroy our planet. If we don't draw a line in the sand, the spraying of naled will continue."
Hall makes the case that naled kills natural predators of mosquitoes, such as dragonflies, that each eat hundreds of mosquitoes a day. Many other parts of the ecosystem are also affected, including birds, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, and other insects.
The Miami doctor writes that naled is a "carcinogen, neurotoxin, and endocrine disruptor" that is problematic for those with "compromised immune and nervous system, which would allow for the development of life-long allergies or autoimmune disorders and gut disorders."
Fetuses are especially susceptible to damage by naled and all organophosphates, as they "disrupt the normal functioning of brain development in human fetuses."
Hall warns that "well-known short-term and long-term human biologic damage to DNA based on epigenetics factors is known to occur with organophosphate pesticides retained in humans (young infant through elderly), pets, home garden vegetables, and fruit etc.," raising the important point that we really don't know what the long-term effects are on the human body, let alone generational defects that may occur in progeny.
Hall cites a study that implicates the use of organophosphates to rises of autism and related disorders in areas that have been sprayed.
What's left unsaid is just because we don't drop dead from pesticide spraying does not mean the practice is "safe."
It may well be that organophosphates are the cause or at least a key contributing factor to bringing on disease states as part of the "toxic burden" plaguing much of the world.
While it is a tall order to ask a federal court to stop a practice local counties have been doing for decades, it is the hope of this writer that the practice is halted and the use of organophosphates is eliminated.
Non-Pesticide Solutions to Mosquitoes
Counties should be considering using other, non-toxic methods to control populations of mosquitoes. In Caguas, Puerto Rico, local officials are using modified five-gallon buckets to make what are known as autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs). They are placing these all over to cover their city center.
The Miami Herald reported: "The buckets are a study in simplicity. Each one holds a few inches of water and fermenting hay that lures the Aedes aegypti in through a fist-sized opening at the top. A screen prevents the mosquito from reaching the water, and the insects get caught in sticky, non-toxic resin inside the opening. The traps cost about $11 each, and although they've been used to monitor mosquito populations in the past, they're just now being considered eradication tools."
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bt) is a bacterium that kills mosquito larvae, which is effective in preventing the proliferation of mosquitoes. Killing larvae doesn't affect existing mosquitoes but rather prevents the growth of more, and it is much safer than genetic modification. Bt is considered non-toxic to people and fishes and often used by organic gardeners.
We must explore these and other pest control methods given the danger of pesticides to health.
James Spounias is the president of Carotec Inc., originally founded by renowned radio show host and alternative health expert Tom Valentine.
nontoxic alternatives
organophosphates
2 Comments on Doctor Sues to Stop Naled Spraying
James Spounias July 18, 2017 at 09:44
Warren,
Mattson is a lawyer who was a co-plaintiff with Dr Hall. The court gave the plaintiffs 60 days to refile.
James Spounias
Warren Woodward July 14, 2017 at 16:15
Some misinfo in the article. Mattsom is not a lawyer and the case was thrown out just the other day. See http://oianews.com/get-a-lawyer-federal-judge-throws-out-antinaled-suit


Pittsburg County is located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Its county seat is McAlester. The county was created on 1907. The county is named for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The links directory provides suggestions for a variety of websites to assist in your family history and genealogy research.
Biography of John Allyn Berryman-Born John Allyn Smith, Jr.
Osage Coal and Mining Co.


A bus full of kids on their way back to school at Evergreen Middle got bumped in a scary crash on Madison street this morning.
All of the kids were okay and they got quite a story to tell to their first day back to school.
Around 7:15 this morning the bus was traveling on Madison when a car went out of control and struck a trailer parked along the side of the road.
The trailer then began spinning down the road and just bumped the back side of the bus before landing about a block away.
The car that hit the trailer flipped onto its side and the driver had to be rescued by Everett Firefighters before he could be transported to the hospital.
His injuries were not believed to be life threatening.
Again all the kids on the bus were okay and a second bus was called in to take them on to Evergreen.
No word yet on what caused the driver of the car to lose control.


text:
module Fog
  module Formater
    def format_entry hash
      # searcher = parse_hash_for [:tag_type, :name, :choices]
      # tag_type, name, choices = searcher.call hash
      raise "no input type given" if not hash.has_key?("type")
      tag_type = hash["type"]
      name     = hash["name"]
      choices  = hash["choices"]

      hash.delete("choices")
      hash.delete('type')
      hash.delete('name')
      options  = hash
      [tag_type,name,options,choices]
    end

    def format_field hash
      raise "no question" if not hash.has_key?("question")
      question = hash["question"]
      help = hash["help"]
      entries = hash["entries"]
      [question,help,entries]
    end

    def format_section hash
      raise "no title" if not hash.has_key?("title")
      raise "invalid error" if not hash["title"].is_a?(String)
      object_name = hash["object_name"]
      title       = hash["title"]
      sub_title   = hash["sub_title"]
      fields      = hash["fields"]
      [title, sub_title, object_name, fields]
    end

    def format_form hash
      raise "no title" if not hash.has_key?("title")
      raise "invalid error" if not hash["title"].is_a?(String)
      title = hash["title"]
      sub_title = hash["sub_title"]
      sections = hash["sections"]
      [title,sub_title,sections]
    end

    private

    def parse_hash_for args, options={required: []}
      Proc.new { |hash|
        options[:required].each do |req|
          error "required" if not hash.include? req.to_s
        end

        output = []
        args.each do |v|
          output << hash[v.to_s]
          hash.delete v.to_s
          output << hash
        end
        output
      }
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Stop Draggin' My Heart Around
Songs similar to or like Stop Draggin' My Heart Around
Song by Stevie Nicks, the first single from her debut solo album Bella Donna . Wikipedia
Bella Donna (album)
Debut solo studio album by American singer and songwriter Stevie Nicks. Released on July 27, 1981, the album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 in September of that year. Wikipedia
Song by American singer and songwriter Stevie Nicks from her debut solo studio album Bella Donna , released as the third single from the album on February 4, 1982. Written by Nicks to express the grief resulting from the death of her uncle Jonathan and the murder of John Lennon during the same week of December 1980. Wikipedia
The Wild Heart (album)
Second solo studio album by American singer and songwriter Stevie Nicks. Recording began in late 1982, shortly after the end of Fleetwood Mac's Mirage Tour. Wikipedia
Rock a Little
Third solo studio album by American singer and songwriter Stevie Nicks. Certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) after just one month of its release for sales in excess of 1,000,000 units. Wikipedia
Stevie Nicks discography
Solo discography of the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. Album in 1973 as part of the duo Buckingham Nicks, and been a prominent member of Fleetwood Mac since 1975, she did not begin her solo career until 1981. Wikipedia
Enchanted (Stevie Nicks album)
Three disc box set of material by American singer-songwriter and Fleetwood Mac vocalist Stevie Nicks, which encompasses her solo career from 1981's Bella Donna to 1994's Street Angel. The box set also contains rare B-sides, unreleased live recordings, demos, songs from soundtracks, a track from the 1973 Buckingham Nicks album, outtakes from the Bella Donna and Rock a Little sessions, and a new piano recording of the Nicks-penned Fleetwood Mac song, "Rhiannon". Wikipedia
Sentences forStop Draggin' My Heart Around
In 1981, Tom Petty and Mike Campbell wrote the lyrics to "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around," which was intended as a Heartbreakers song.Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers-Wikipedia
Recording sessions continued until the spring of 1981 when the final songs for the album were completed: "Edge of Seventeen" and "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around".Bella Donna (album)-Wikipedia
Nicks joined Petty and the Heartbreakers on stage for "a selection of songs" including "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around".Tom Petty-Wikipedia
Two notable tracks are a "solo" version of Tom's 1981 duet with Stevie Nicks, "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around," and the song "Waiting For Tonight," which features vocals from The Bangles.Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers-Wikipedia
They were joined onstage by surprise guest Stevie Nicks, who performed "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" with the band.Irvine Meadows Amphitheatre-Wikipedia
The Heartbreakers also recorded the hit "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" for Nicks' album Bella Donna around the time Hard Promises was recorded.Hard Promises-Wikipedia
This will create an email alert. Stay up to date on result for: Stop Draggin' My Heart Around


Don't underestimate pine as nice mulch. Some garden crops are excessive in acidity, and do higher with acidic soil. If you are rising a majority of these vegetation, simply gather up fallen pine needles for use in your backyard. Sprinkle the pine needles over your beds. As the needles decompose, they add to the acid stage within the soil. Use your coffee grinds in your garden if you are an organic gardener and low lover! You should utilize espresso grounds to make a perfect mulch with simply the correct quantity of acids. It's a fantastic option to compost in a environmentally friendly means.
Add vines to your landscape. You may get a variety of plants which can be vines. Some decorative, and some fruit or vegetable varieties. Vines can grow up most fences or buildings. Use them to create extra interesting landscapes in your yard. Have them develop up an awning, and create shade for you. A technique to help keep wholesome soil is to incorporate mulch into your panorama. A thick layer of mulch offers safety to the soil underneath it. On hot days, mulch will give protection to a plant's root system by cooling the soil. This helps soil hold its moisture by lowering the speed of evaporation. Mulch can also be excellent for retaining weeds at bay.
Bushes and flower beds want at the very least three inches of organic supplies. This provides humus, nutrients, conserves water in the soil, and discourages the expansion of unwanted weeds! This can even give your flower beds a pleasant, even, and completed look. There are lots of organic mulches out there or you may make your personal. So, you've got made it. You are ready to get into natural gardening proper? Properly, now's the proper time. You in all probability have quite a lot of questions on the right way to begin and what to do, however no worries, this article has you lined. Listed beneath are some tips that can enable you get began with your natural gardening plans.
Try using ladybugs fairly than pesticides to protect your vegetation from bugs. You may order massive quantities of ladybugs from gardening supply shops for little or no money. If you happen to launch them near your garden, they will eat pests similar to aphids, leaf hoppers, mites and other mushy bodied insects, helping to guard your vegetation from these undesirable critters in the process.
Put on gloves and you'll want to pull out both the foliage and roots.
Regulate the quantity and timing of watering, to the particular local weather and its seasonal differences. The watering depth and temperature depends primarily on the time you water them and the soil they're planted in. For example, in case your local weather is humid and warm, you should not water the leaves as a result of it'll encourage leaf fungus. Water the roots with care. As we acknowledged up top, getting wholesome is a great purpose to go natural, however usually talking, there are countless reasons, you need to select to go this route. It's just a great idea when you love to grow things or take pleasure in eating fresh, healthy meals. Make sure you bear in mind the following tips as you begin to grow your organic backyard.
So, whether you're a new or experienced gardener, you have now bought some ideas which you can implement in your garden. Few things in life are more satisfying than working the soil; and it's even more satisfying when you are able to do it nature's method. If you are experiencing a problem with slugs or different bugs, a beautiful natural contact pesticide is diatomaceous earth. You can buy this at most backyard facilities, and it is available in a white powder type. It's an abrasive material that may kill the critters by damaging the skin of the slugs and joints of the insects.
Avoid over fertilizing your crops. Over fertilizing can lead to numerous lush growth, that's delicate and enticing to pests and animals. Slower rising gardens are often hardier, that means they are better at resisting pests and illnesses. That is a type of instances where too much of a superb factor isn't a very good thing at all. Employ crop rotation methods in your natural garden. Sometimes thought of for large-scale farms, crop rotation could be helpful even in a small garden plot. After a season or two of rising one crop, switch to a dissimilar crop the next year. It will stop soil depletion and pest build-up caused by rising one plant and lead to your gardening success.
Be taught to work efficiently. Do not spend 30 minutes searching for a tool. Preserve your tools well-maintained and stored away in a designated place. That means you at all times know the place they're and they are ready to use whenever you need them. Should you want, use a software belt or even pants that have fairly a few pockets. Be sure your seeds have enough room to grow. It is advantageous to have many seeds in a single container before they sprout, however you'll have to replant them as they grow. Use containers that are really sufficiently big for one plant, and keep away from having a couple of plant in each container.
Most organic fertilizers will not hurt the smooth roots of plants, in contrast to, artificial fertilizers. One of the best ways to water your natural backyard is to make use of a soaker hose.


text:
from module_kits.vtk_kit.mixins import SimpleVTKClassModuleBase
import vtk

class vtkPiecewiseFunctionShiftScale(SimpleVTKClassModuleBase):
    def __init__(self, module_manager):
        SimpleVTKClassModuleBase.__init__(
            self, module_manager,
            vtk.vtkPiecewiseFunctionShiftScale(), 'Processing.',
            ('vtkPiecewiseFunction',), ('vtkPiecewiseFunction',),
            replaceDoc=True,
            inputFunctions=None, outputFunctions=None)


If your cars and truck leaks fluids or you spill some while filling your car, mower or snow blower, your driveway may end up with a stain or two. Fluids such as oil, transmission fluid and gas can leave a stain on paved driveways and garage floors. Since these liquids are all various, cleaning up techniques vary somewhat from fluid to fluid and surface to surface.
Whether the stain is brand-new or old, there are some basic actions to help eliminate marks left by dripped fluids from a paved driveway or an uncoated concrete garage floor.
Oil can leave a dark stain on your pavement. Here are some actions to help get rid of those stubborn oil stains from your driveway.
If the spill is brand-new, begin by covering the stain with cat litter, cornstarch, baking soda or cornmeal, which may help soak up the additional moisture.
Spilled gasoline not just leaves spots on your paved driveway; the marks are likely accompanied by a smell you'll want to neutralise.


Matt Waters's book should now be the first stop for those wanting an introduction to the Achaemenids and the study of them. It is a traditional history handbook, a chronological political narrative punctuated with social themes, but a thoroughly enjoyable one: well written and stimulating, the chapters pull the reader along through the book, and while concise it is packed with information and satisfyingly detailed, lucid discussions. A few typos aside, the copy is clean and well-illustrated with images and good maps.3 It shares with the books mentioned above the approach of the 'New Achaemenid History', wherein biases in the preponderance of Greek literary sources are made explicit and balanced with the different quality of information available from Near Eastern sources.4 Waters's book is a great success in these terms. The author displays equal control over the Greek and the myriad of non-Greek sources, which range from trilingual monumental royal inscriptions, clay tablets, Babylonian chronicles and the Bible to inscriptions and private letters from Egypt. From these he deftly weaves the story of this first Persian Empire, from their origins in the early Iron Age groups of Iran through to the take over of their vast territory by Alexander the Great, integrating into it the character of the sources.
A particular strength is Waters's expertise in the pre- and early Achaemenid periods, situating the rise of the Achaemenids within a rich, if obscure history of kingdoms in western Iran, particularly the Elamites. The Achaemenid trajectory is thereby portrayed as both grounded and extraordinary. The book will make a good companion to handbooks on archaic and classical Greek history as it covers the activities of the Greeks in Asia Minor and the Eastern Mediterranean from a Persian perspective. Of course not everything can be covered in a concise history; Waters is strong on texts, briefer on (although not inattentive to) the archaeology. The only real deficiency, though, is the limited secondary references. The endnotes contain a wealth of valuable references, but they are few in number and can feel arbitrary (e.g. a note for discussion of 'Medizing', p. 122, but not for debates about army estimates, p. 121). An overburden of endnotes might be deemed undesirable for an introductory handbook, but the selectivity here limits readers' ability to pursue scholarly debates flagged by the author.
The book is split into twelve succinct chapters of roughly 15–20 pages each. The front matter includes explanation of textual sources, and relevant volumes and internet sites through which they can be consulted (xv–xvii). After a brief sketch of geography and terminology ('Persian', for instance), Chapter 1 further characterizes the Near Eastern and Greek textual sources, with an excursus on issues surrounding use of the latter. Chapter 2 follows with discussion of Early Iron Age Iran, including the migration of Iranian-language speakers into the area and the major powers: Elam, Assyria, Babylonia and various Anatolian kingdoms. The Medes, whose empire the Persians subjugated according to Herodotus, get their own sub-section. Here marriage of story and sources is not as crisp as elsewhere, some details skimmed over. For instance, it is only at the end that one learns about Babylonian and Biblical traditions of the Medes as a major power. Explanation of how these compare with the scarce Assyrian allusions to them as a collection of fortress-based, dynast-led groups rather than an empire (a la Herodotus) would be helpful.
Any fears that skimming may be a consistent feature of such a concise book are quickly vanquished through the following chapters. Chapter 3 deals with the emergence of Cyrus and the early Empire. This is a particularly obscure area, but Waters's expertise in the Near Eastern sources allows him to balance Greek tradition with what can be understood of the Iranian context, flagging areas such as the role of Anshan in Elam and the importance of hostage princes at Assyrian courts for knowledge transfer. Chapter 4 covers the death of Cyrus, the reign of Cambyses, the extensive problems surrounding his death and the accession of Darius I, with much discussion of Darius' Bisitun Inscriptions and Herodotus.5 Waters shows Near Eastern precedents for the rhetorical formulas employed at Bisitun and proposes that later adjustments to add Darius' Scythian campaign may have been felt so important because this was the (general) region in which Cyrus died in battle.
The next four chapters (5 through 8) alternate the reigns of Darius and Xerxes with social institutions: first Darius' triumphs over rebellions, his rhetoric (Bisitun again) and campaigns; next the 'mechanics' of empire (the court, administration, payment of tribute, satrapies, army and roads); then the accession of Xerxes through to his invasion of Greece; and following that the 'anatomy' of empire (capitals, ideology, religion). 'Court' gives welcome consideration to gender (women and eunuchs), but discussion of court and capitals could have been brought together in the same chapter for a more holistic discussion of urbanism and the architecture of court, both material and social. Limited space means some skimming here too: one would like a bit more detail on the remains of some of the capitals (Susa, for instance).6 Concerning the economy, Waters explains how clay accounts tablets from Persepolis are helping to clarify this, but the lack of resolution in understanding payment systems in the western satrapies and how coinage relates to this could be flagged more strongly. Such issues do not disturb the overall achievement of the book, however. The structure allows the author to introduce themes then picked up in subsequent chapters in a way that conveys diachronic development. Religion, for instance, is considered further in the royal inscriptions of a number of rulers, where new gods are introduced. The initial discussion of Achaemenid religion handles the primary issue of whether it can be called 'Zoroastrian', with specific attention to Zoroaster, as well as the contradictions in sources about whether the Achaemenids were laissez-faire about allowing worship of other gods. One matter that might be considered further, and aside from the Zoroastrian question, is the conceptualisation of Ahuramazda.
The next three chapters, 9 through 11, run through the reigns of the subsequent seven Achaemenid Kings, who ruled from the 460s to the 330s BC: Artaxerxes I, Xerxes II and Darius II (Ochus) (Chapter 9); Artaxerxes II (Arses) and Artaxerxes III (Ochus) (Chapter 10); and Artaxerxes IV and Darius III (Chapter 11). Court intrigues surrounding accession were a popular subject in Greek literature, and Waters weighs these judiciously against Near Eastern evidence. Of the numerous things covered in these chapters, the traditions surrounding various rebellions through the empire are examined perspicaciously, including ongoing affairs in the northwest of the Empire, the Aegean and Mediterranean. Waters offers lucid, critical discussion of such issues as the Peace of Kallias, the Persian role in the Peloponnesian War and continuing fourth century conflicts of the Greeks, who frequently appealed to the rulers of Western Anatolia for alliances and aid. Chapter 11 ends with the rise of Macedonia and Alexander's conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. He places Alexander's incursions into Asia in the context of Philip's campaigns in Hellespontine Phrygia, a region with close connections to Thrace and Macedonia. Here, as with the earlier Greco-Persian wars, Waters highlights New Achaemenid History's revisions of old-fashioned, Hellenocentric ideas of Persian impetuousness and weakness. For instance, Darius' retaliation following the Ionian Revolt fits well into Near Eastern traditions of punishing recalcitrant subjects, already made abundantly clear at Bisitun (Waters reminds us that an Athenian embassy had at one point given earth and water to the King). Xerxes' larger campaign implies he was set on expansion, which also fits traditional Near Eastern ideologies of a ruler's duties. In the fourth century BC, what seem like constant rebellions attested in Greek sources are not necessarily an indication of an empire in decline, but a more or less continuous feature of such a large empire. Hence, Alexander's conquest was down to continued military successes rather than because the Empire was on the brink of collapse. At the end of Chapter 11 and in a short epilogue (Chapter 12), Waters also makes clear the difficulties Alexander faced in stepping into the role of the King as a peripheral foreigner.
The book closes with four appendices: a useful reference timeline; a chronological list of Kings; a genealogical chart of the Kings; and further readings. As noted earlier, endnotes are limited. The further reading list is also select, with readings listed under general headings rather than according to the book's chapter and section headings, which would be a more useful reference tool. This aside, this book is a strong synthesis, which will be instrumental in disseminating the gains of the last decades of Achaemenid studies to a broad readership and in encouraging scholarship that transcends the traditional disciplinary boundaries of Classics and Ancient Near Eastern studies. It is not only useful, but a model of engaging scholarly writing, and a good read.
1. Many are referenced either in the further reading or endnotes. Some from the last five years that are not: Lanfranchi, G.B. and Rollinger, R. (eds) 2010: Concepts of Kingship in Antiquity: Proceedings of the European Science Foundation Exploratory Workshop held in Padova, November 28th–December 1st, 2007 (Padova); Summerer, L., von Kienlin, A., and Ivantchik, A. (eds) 2011: Kelainai–Apameia Kibotos: Stadtentwicklung im anatolischen Kontext. Akten des Kolloquiums, München 2 April–4 April 2009 (Bordeaux), BMCR 2012.05.45; Ro, J.U. (ed.), 2012: From Judah to Judea: Socio-economic Structures and Processes in the Persian Period (Sheffield); Rollinger, R. and Schnegg, K. (eds) 2014: Kulturkontakte in antiken Welten: vom Denkmodell zum Fallbeispiel. Proceedings des internationalen Kolloquiums aus Anlass des 60. Geburtstages von Christoph Ulf, Innsbruck, 26. bis 30. Januar 2009 (Leuven); Frevel, C., Pyschny, K., and Cornelius, I. (eds) 2014: A 'Religious Revolution' in Yehûd? The Material Culture of the Persian Period as a Test Case (Fribourg).
4. For recent overviews, more explicit on postcolonial approaches: Colburn, H.P. 2011: 'Orientalism, Postcolonialism, and the Achaemenid Empire: Meditations on Bruce Lincoln's Religion, Empire, and Torture'. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54, 87–103; McCaskie, T.C. 2012: '"As on a Darkling Plain": Practitioners, Publics, Propagandists, and Ancient Historiography'. Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, 145–73.
5. J.M. Balcer's 1987 Herodotus and Bisitun: Problems in Ancient Persian Historiography (Stuttgart) is not referenced.


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text:
layout: page
title: Vasquez Family Reunion
date: 2016-05-24
author: Bobby Lewis
tags: weekly links, java
status: published
summary: Ut at justo nec tellus rhoncus molestie. Suspendisse.
banner: images/banner/meeting-01.jpg
booking:
  startDate: 07/23/2016
  endDate: 07/24/2016
  ctyhocn: AGSTHHX
  groupCode: VFR
published: true
---
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text:
Common words, phrases and connectors used for Internet and networking.
The Importance of Home Routers
The wireless standard for computers and mobile devices connecting to the Internet or a local network (e.g. in a home or office).
Ethernet functions exactly like Wi-Fi except it uses a physical cable to transmit data. Wi-Fi and Ethernet are compatible with each other.
The hub or switching station which allows multiple computers and network devices to talk to each other. Most routers support both ethernet and Wi-Fi.
A combination of a modem and a router. The modem converts one type of physical connection to another. For example, HFN's gateway converts the incoming fiber optic cable signal into the more common and usable ethernet and/or Wi-Fi signal.
Multimedia Terms
High Definition Multimedia Interface. A standard for a number of years now, HDMI allows both audio and video to be passed in digital format over a single cable.
Component, S-Video, and Composite Connections
Older, analog standards, most (except for S-Video) using RCA (aka phono cables. Audio requires separate RCA cables).
Streaming Media Device/Player
A device which provides entertainment programming and hooked up either directly to a TV or to an Audio Video Receiver (AVR).
Audio Video Receiver
Similar to a stereo receiver, an AVR adds video capabilities and is a centralized connection point where all audio and video device connections are made and passed on to a TV for viewing and the audio amplified for connections to speakers.
Types of Internet and Multimedia Connectors
Component Video
Coaxial/RF Video/Audio
Optical Digital Audio


who is your পছন্দ person?
অনুরাগী চয়ন: "Oh, no. To live... to live would be an awfully big adventure. "
Video and প্রবন্ধ from Entertainment Tonight featuring the reunion photoshoot and what everyone's up to now, August 2016.