It's time to start thinking about that perfect gift for yourself, your friend, or your family member who loves astronomy, astrophotography, science, or stargazing. Of course that next equipment upgrade is probably at the top of their list, but it's also probably pretty expensive. If you're worried about spending too much, or getting them the wrong thing, consider something more universally useful or novel and interesting. I spent hours hand-picking these items from around the Internet! I hope you get inspired to pick out an amazing gift!
Retro looking space posters inspired by vintage travel ads are a cool trend. There are some really good ones on Space.com right now. But if you're looking for a bargain, NASA has some exoplanet posters that are FREE to the public. The high resolution images are free to re-use and re-print, so you can make your own copies and get them framed.
We've all seen amazing Hubble photos of the cosmos, but original artwork inspired by night scenes and the night sky add a new perspective. Elise Mahan has a store on Etsy, and her work is also available in large wall decals on Amazon.
Stargazing out in the middle of nowhere? You'll need power for your laptop, motorized mount, dew heater, and cell phone charger. These power tanks come in a variety of sizes.
I use my LED headlamp ALL THE TIME! It's a great gift for stargazers or anyone who takes photos at night. It doesn't have to be super bright - in fact, I prefer the 'camping' or 'running' kind and not the super expensive industrial headlamps. As long as it has an option for a red light setting, it will work for setting up equipment, looking at star charts, or just not tripping over your stuff.
These night sky playing cards with constellations are just for fun, and cheap enough for a stocking stuffer. It's a great gift that says "I know you like astronomy, but you've got to be kidding me I can't afford that new apochromatic refractor you've been eyeing!"
This small compass necklace is a fun gift idea! Similar to the artwork or playing cards, it's not something your astronomy buff will use out in the field - but it's a great way to say "hey, I know you love astronomy."
Astronomy and astrophotography is literally fueled by coffee. LITERALLY. Ok not literally. But this novelty mug is an inexpensive fun gift for a co-worker, friend, or family member. Also, check out this Orion constellation mug on Etsy.
One of my favorite anecdotes is that Americans spent thousands of dollars trying to solve the problem of ball-point pens not working correctly in micro-gravity. They developed this pen with a sealed pressurized ink cartridge after extensive research and testing, while the Russians opted for a pencil and went on with their business.
I love the look of vintage astronomical and navigation devices. This table-top armillary is a nice decor item that definitely has that cool historic look to it and a nice finish. There is also a more-hand-made-looking one on Etsy, but it's a little more expensive.
Ok, how cool is this!? It's a wind up toy that roves vertically across your fridge. It's a perfect gift for anyone who likes the Mars rovers, space, science, or neat little toys. It's not exactly HOURS of fun, but it's perfect as a little thoughtful gift.
I was shocked that there aren't more options for this product. I found one called Chaheati and one called The Seat Heater. Both seem to have trouble keeping these heated folding chairs in stock! This item is perfect for watching meteor showers or just stargazing in general. A lot of people forget that stargazing is an outdoor nature hobby - and requires a lot of the same gear you would take hunting or fishing. Throw in some hand warmers while you're at it!
After trying two different department store solutions, it's time to upgrade to real heavy-duty outdoor winter gloves. I've gotten to scary levels of cold while trying to photograph things in the middle of the night. I think investing in a 'real' pair of winter gloves is worth the extra cost.
If you're tired of messing around with a home-made telescope adapter mount, this is a great universal option. iPhone astrophotography is here to stay, and this model of telescope adapter mount has been around for a while with some pretty good reviews.
This clip on lens kit for iPhone is great, I use it myself. I used it to take a wide-angle shot of the space station fly-over using my iPhone. It also includes a macro lens for super close-up magnification detail shots.
I got this item for myself a couple years ago and I've used it constantly! I seriously use this all the time. It's so simple and elegant - it does exactly what it's supposed to do and does it discretely with an attractive form. Note: Make sure you know what series of iPhone you need it for, the new iPhone 6 has curved sides.
I don't know why it took me so long to get a toolbox for all my trinkets and camera gadgets - I got it last year for Christmas and it's probably my second favorite gift that I got (second only to my new camera). It's super handy and is something that your friend or relative might not even realize they need!
This gorgeous 2015 moon calendar shows lunar events, including lunar eclipses. Made by Ashland Astronomy Studio, this great wall poster is a useful and attractive guide to the phases of the moon and other lunar events, like perigee and apogee.
Nobody out-grows LEGO sets, especially these great space sets from the LEGO City collection. Buy the whole space center, or just a tiny astronaut set. I love my LEGO astronaut! I keep him in my astrophotography toolbox.
A great nostalgic gift for the kid-at-heart, or perfect for getting your kids excited about space. Everyone should have glow in the dark star stickers on their ceiling at some point!
Camera bags have come a long way in recent years. You don't have to settle for the old camera bag when you can have this new super slick Lowepro bag.
Don't wait until you get home to tweet your lunar eclipse photos, or share your other amazing images straight to your phone from the SD card. Sometimes you need to take lots of photos and process them on the computer, but sometimes you want to get that quick shot public as soon as possible - and when there's just no time to waste, you can wirelessly connect your phone to your SD card and access the photos immediately.
I had an chance to see a piece of the Chelyabinsk meteorite recently, and clearly remember seeing the videos for the first time from this famous explosion over Russia. Now is your chance to own a piece of this amazing event. The smaller ones are only around $100, much cheaper than I would have guessed considering how famous this event was. There are also tons of other meteorites for sale (literally) and some very inexpensive (as little as $1.50).
At a loss of what to give to your photography-addicted friend or loved one? Why not give the pleasure of using some of the best camera gear in the business? This service lets your friend or family member try out the best equipment by borrowing it and sending it back. Some of these lenses are thousands of dollars, but can be rented for a week or two without breaking the bank - just enough time to decide if they like it before buying, or using it for a specific event like an eclipse.
If you know someone who's into astrophotography, let me give you a great gift suggestion. Astrophotographers are always running out of storage space for their image files. We have to take a LOT of photos to create timelapse videos, deep sky mosaics, and calibration files. Did you know the price of 1 TB of storage has come down a lot in the past few years?
As much as I like the Glif mount I mention above, I did find when I upgraded phones that I was limited because it was only meant for a specific model of iPhone. This Vastar universal smartphone tripod mount takes care of that. It lets you mount your phone either vertical or horizontal on a standard tripod head.
Things to keep in mind: Stargazing is an outdoor nature hobby, and while most of the actual observing or photography gear is highly technical (and highly expensive), a lot of items related to camping gear could also come in handy. Things like hand warmers, boots, flashlights, even a new sleeping bag.
Storage space and computer processing are also premium gifts for astrophotography. If your loved one is going off to the badlands in the middle of the night, send him or her with a high capacity memory card, or multiple memory cards. Think about batteries, portable hard drives, or even an iPad with cellular built in to get maps and star charts in the field.
So there you have it, those are my recommendations. Do you have any ideas that I missed? Feel free to add some suggestions in the comments below! If you thought this post was helpful, please share it with your friends and followers. I made this handy Pinterest-friendly image.
It's been a while since I did star trails using my point and shoot camera. Here is a stack of 234 frames the other night. I put my camera down on a rock in the corner of my backyard looking back at the house. I straightened the photo and edited it in Snapseed to give it a dramatic HDR effect which helps to remove some of the 'glow' from the house and bring your attention to the sky.
When we got to the campus at UIndy, we drove around the athletic fields and couldn't find where to go. Then we saw a sign with an arrow that said "campus event" and assumed it had to be the only big campus event that night. Big was an understatement, when we pulled up in front of the basketball arena, Nicoson Hall, we saw a line down the street. It was a general seating event, and tons of people showed up to get good seats. We were an hour and a half early and still had thousands of people in front of us.
Residents in on-campus housing were poking their heads out of their residence halls in shock, some asked what the heck was going on. On a campus of 5000 students, the additional 4000 attendants was clearly shocking. Cell phone reception was lousy as the masses flooded the small community.
We got inside and were handed gorgeous programs for the lecture, it was so nice to read about the lecture series and I was really impressed that such a small campus was able to book Dr. Tyson. Apparently they had been working on this event for more than a year. The sunken octagon arena had permanent bleachers around the perimeter, and folding chairs down front. We were in the bleachers opposite the stage, and I felt sorry for the people trying to watch from the side or even behind the stage.
The lecture was fun, but nothing really "new" that I hadn't already read about on Space.com or photographed myself. I think the real draw is the chance to see a science celebrity and to celebrate astronomy publicly. I came away with some new factoids, and it was fun to hear about events in the news from an expert with a charismatic and humorous delivery. This is starting to sound like a review, which it's not intended to be. I'll just say if you are already an astronomy buff and plan to see him speak in a lecture marketed to the average Joe, to expect fun commentary on very topical astronomy related news and not expect a science lecture.
The event went over by 20 before we left, and we didn't even stay for the Q&A - it's really more than a lecture it's like a night with Neil Tyson. Lots of fun, fun people watching, and great to see enthusiasm for science right here in Indy! The UIndy campus was also AMAZING, I had no idea. There is this little canal park in the middle with bald cypress and river birch surrounding a big oval green space. I loved it!
This is my slimmest moon yet, at just 2.1% illuminated. I saw it while pulling out of my driveway on the way to work, and I put the car in park to run back inside and grab my camera. Photos are from the morning of October 22, 2014 at 7:22am. My previous slimmest moon was in February at 3% illuminated. I guess technically an eclipse is about the "newest" a moon can possibly be, but the slimmest crescent is still a fun achievement to track.


Abstract: We investigate the problem of aligning two RDF databases, an essential problem in understanding the evolution of ontologies. Our approaches address three fundamental challenges: 1) the use of "blank" (null) names, 2) ontology changes in which different names are used to identify the same entity, and 3) small changes in the data values as well as small changes in the graph structure of the RDF database. We propose approaches inspired by the classical notion of graph bisimulation and extend them to capture the natural metrics of edit distance on the data values and the graph structure. We evaluate our methods on three evolving curated data sets. Overall, our results show that the proposed methods perform well and are scalable.


text:
Le football à Paris a débuté à la fin du  et a été marqué par plusieurs rivalités.

Parmi les premiers clubs français, créés au début des années 1890, nombreux sont ceux basés à Paris : le Club français, fondé par des Français, le Standard AC et The White Rovers, créés par des Britanniques. Ces deux derniers jouent en 1894 la finale du premier championnat de Paris, disputé dès lors chaque année sous l'égide de l'USFSA. Les rivalités se nourrissent de ces compétitions annuelles et se développent rapidement devant le succès populaire rencontré dans la capitale.

Après la Première Guerre mondiale, le football français s'unit et reprend son développement. Paris compte alors plusieurs des principaux clubs français, qui se disputent les honneurs du championnat de Paris et de la nouvelle Coupe de France, dont les six premières éditions sont remportées par des clubs parisiens : le Red Star et l'Olympique de Paris (basés au nord de Paris et qui fusionnent en 1926), le Cercle athlétique de Paris situé à l'est de la capitale, le Club français évoluant dans l'ouest de la ville, et les sections football de trois grands clubs omnisports parisiens, à savoir le CASG, le Stade français et le  Racing Club de France basé à Colombes sous le nom de Racing Club de Paris. En 1932-1933, lors du premier championnat de France de football, quatre clubs parisiens adoptent le statut professionnel nécessaire à leur inscription : le Red Star, le CA Paris, le Racing et le Club français. Ils sont rejoints l'année suivante par l'US Suisse. L'entre-deux-guerres marque pourtant la fin de la prédominance parisienne sur le football national, et la disparition progressive de tous ces clubs, qui connaissent les uns après les autres de graves difficultés financières. Le Racing, le Red Star et le Stade français sont tour à tour les seuls représentants de Paris en première division, sans cependant remporter le moindre titre.

A la fin des années 1960, le Stade français descend en deuxième division, comme son voisin du Racing l'avait fait quelques années auparavant. Seul subsiste un Red Star moribond dont l'image est associée à la banlieue nord de Paris. La capitale française n'a plus aucun représentant au sein de l'élite, fait rare pour une ville de l'importance de Paris en Europe et dans le monde. En 1969, la Fédération française, inquiète de la fragilité des clubs parisiens, lance un projet de nouveau club baptisé « Paris Football Club ». Ce projet conduit à la fondation du Paris FC mais aussi du Paris Saint-Germain, à la suite d'une fusion-scission avec le Stade Saint-Germain. Le PSG est devenu depuis le milieu des années 1970 le seul club francilien évoluant dans l'élite, à l'exception du Racing CF sous les éphémères appellations Matra Racing et Racing Paris 1 dans les années 1980, reléguant toute rivalité régionale dans les divisions inférieures.

Depuis la fin des années 1990, avec la construction puis l'ouverture du Stade de France, la création d'un  club sur Paris intra-muros et sa proche banlieue, capable de rivaliser avec le PSG, est un marronnier du football français. En 2015, le Paris FC et le Red Star rejoignent la Ligue 2 avec plus ou moins de réussite, mais laissent augurer de nouvelles rivalités régionales sur Paris et sa région.

Histoire du football à Paris

Des débuts en fanfare (1890-1920)

Les footballeurs s'organisent très rapidement sous forme de clubs à Paris: les White Rovers sont fondés en 1891 par des Britanniques, suivis en 1892 par le Standard Athletic Club et le Club français, en 1896 par le Racing Club de Paris et le Gallia Club Paris, puis en 1897 par le Red Star de Jules Rimet. Ces clubs remportent tous les championnats de France de football USFSA entre le premier en 1894 et l'édition de 1902. Il faut attendre l'édition de 1910 pour qu'aucun club parisien ne participe à la finale.

La première édition du Championnat de France de football USFSA d'avril-mai 1894 ne met en effet que cinq clubs en compétition, dont le Standard A.C., les White-Rovers, le Club français, Neuilly et Asnières: tous ces clubs sont parisiens. La première « Division 1 » de l'histoire du football français comprend quant à elle neuf clubs parisiens : les White Rovers, le Standard AC, le Club français, Neuilly, Asnières, l'United SC, Paris Star, et l'UA .

Meilleure illustration de la multiplication des clubs, trois divisions sont mises en place à Paris dès 1897. Cette même année, le Paris Star initie l'organisation d'une coupe nationale réservée aux clubs n'alignant pas plus de trois joueurs étrangers, la Coupe Manier. Une Coupe Dewar, ouverte à tous sans restriction, est immédiatement créée en réaction.

Le ,quatre clubs dissidents de l'USFSA, à savoir le Cercle athlétique de Paris, le Red Star Amical Club, l'Union sportive suisse de Paris et Paris Star fondent la Ligue de Football Association. Ces clubs quittent l'USFSA car elle leur interdit de participer au Trophée de France. Jules Rimet quitte son poste de président du Red Star pour prendre la présidence de la LFA nouvellement créée.

La première Coupe de France a vu 9 clubs franciliens passer le cap des seizièmes de finale. Elle a été remportée par l'Olympique de Paris sur le score sans appel de trois buts à zéro face à un FC Lyon impuissant, et notamment grâce à un doublé du parisien Émile Fiévet, qui devient le premier buteur en finale de Coupe de France. L'édition suivante voit un succès équivalent de la part des clubs parisiens et voit l'organisation d'une finale 100 % parisienne entre le CASG Paris, club fondé en 1903, et l'Olympique de Paris. Devant près de , c'est le CASG Paris qui s'impose par trois buts à deux après prolongation.

La Ligue de Paris Île-de-France de football est fondée en 1919. La Division d'Honneur qui est mise en place permet de créer de nombreuses rivalités entre clubs de la même région. Lors de la première édition, en 1920, c'est le Red Star qui sort champion.

C'est durant cette période et cela après l'ouverture du Parc des Princes le 18 juillet 1897, que sont construits la plupart des stades parisiens. Dès 1900, le stade de la Porte-Dorée est utilisé par la Nationale de Saint-Mandé, tout juste créée.  Le stade de Charentonneau est construit pour le CA Paris et est conçus spécialement pour le football dès 1905. Le futur stade olympique de Colombes est ouvert pour sa part en 1907 et devient l'antre du Racing Club de Paris. Le stade de Paris, à Saint-Ouen utilisé par le Red Star, ouvre en 1909. Leur taille est conséquente : dès 1918, le stade Bergeyre, par exemple, peut accueillir .

La Ligue régionale (1920-1932)
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À l'époque de la Ligue de Paris, le Red Star remporte trois titres, en 1920, 1922 et 1924. Le Stade français réalise la même performance grâce à des victoires en 1925, 1926 et 1928. Le Club français remporte les deux titres de 1929 et 1930 et est égalé par le Racing Club de Paris qui remporte ceux de 1931 et 1932. L'Olympique de Paris et le CA Paris remportent tous deux un seul titre, à savoir celui de 1921 pour l'O., et celui de 1927 pour les Capistes. Le championnat de 1923 n'est pas disputé.

En Coupe de France, sur les 11 titres mis en jeux, 6 sont remportés par des clubs parisiens, dont quatre par le Red Star, en 1921, 1922, 1923 et 1928.

L'année 1924 voit l'organisation des Jeux olympiques d'été à Paris. En football, c'est l'équipe d'Uruguay qui gagne le tournoi olympique. Son milieu de terrain, José Andrade, éblouit les spectateurs parisiens par ses dribbles, ses changements de rythme et son élégance. Il est élu meilleur joueur du tournoi. Ces jeux offrent à Paris le Stade olympique de Colombes, ex-stade du Matin (1907), qui est doté de  dont  assises grâce au financement du Racing Club de France qui obtient 50 % des recettes des Jeux.

Débuts en championnat professionnel (1932-1939)

En 1932, quatre clubs parisiens participent au premier championnat de France professionnel: le CA Paris, le Red Star, le Club français et le RC Paris. Le CA Paris gagne son premier match contre le Sochaux, mais malgré ces premiers succès, réalise une saison moyenne et finit cinquième sur dix clubs engagés. Le Red Star et le Club français sont eux relégués en Division 2. Seul le RC Paris réalise une bonne saison, en finissant troisième du groupe A.

L'année suivante, l'US Suisse participe obtient le statut professionnel et participe à la première édition du Championnat D2. Là encore, le résultat est catastrophique pour les clubs parisiens: à l'exception notable du Red Star qui finit champion de D2, l'US Suisse déclare forfait général au bout de 19 rencontres, le RC Paris finit onzième sur quatorze clubs de D1, le CA Paris termine dernier de D1 et est relégué en D2, et le Club français termine douzième sur quatorze clubs de D2.

Le football parisien se relève néanmoins à travers la figure du RC Paris qui réalise de bonnes saisons, finissant troisième en 1934-1935, champion en 1935-1936, et à nouveau troisième en 1936-1937. Son rival en première division est alors le Red Star, qui réalise de moins belles performances en D1. Le CA Paris, quant à lui, réussit à se stabiliser en D2. En Coupe de France, les débuts sont durs également, par exemple, en 1932, le CA Paris est éliminé en trente-deuxième de finale face aux amateurs de l'US Boulogne. En 1933-1934, aucun club ne passe le cap des huitièmes de finale.
Le RC Paris remporte cependant la finale de l'édition 1935-1936, qui a eu lieu au Stade olympique Yves-du-Manoir à Colombes, le  devant . Cette performance est réalisée grâce à un unique but, marqué à la  par Roger Couard.

En 1938-1939, le RC Paris remporte une deuxième finale de coupe de France. Cette dernière est jouée le  au Stade olympique Yves-du-Manoir à Colombes, face à l'Olympique lillois. Le RCP gagne par trois buts à un.

À la déclaration de guerre, les trois clubs professionnels parisiens évoluent ensemble en D1. Le Club français disparait en 1940.

Du sommet de la D1 à la chute du football parisien (1945-1970)

Le 26 mai 1946, le Red Star Olympique dispute une nouvelle finale de Coupe de France, perdue 4-2 contre Lille OSC (4-2) à Colombes devant .

En 1948, le Red Star fusionne avec le Stade français et devient le Stade français - Red Star, fusion qui s'avère malheureuse. Au bout de deux saisons médiocres, le Red Star abandonne le football professionnel. En 1952, le club réintègre le championnat de France de division 2 et retrouve son voisin d'Auteuil, le Stade Français football devenu Stade Français FC.

Entre 1950 et 1953, le RC Paris frôle plusieurs fois la relégation et est finalement intégré au championnat D2 à l'issue de la saison 1952-1953.

Dans les années 1950-1960, le style offensif du Racing séduit les spectateurs du Parc des Princes qui, avec  de moyenne à chaque match, est de loin le stade le plus fréquenté du pays. Le club ciel et blanc préférant évoluer au stade de la Porte de Saint-Cloud à Auteuil, plus proche de la capitale, plutôt qu'au stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir de Colombes, un peu plus grand à l'époque, mais mal desservi par les transports en commun.

Le Stade français, qui a obtenu le statut pro en 1942, le perd en 1968. Le Red Star perd son statut pro en 1960, le récupère en 1961, puis, parvenant à se sauver grâce à une fusion incongrue avec le Toulouse Football Club, le perd à nouveau en 1978. Le RC Paris, pour sa part, perd son statut pro en 1967, après avoir néanmoins réalisé de belles performances entre 1958 et 1962, finissant deux fois deuxième et deux fois troisième.

Échec du Paris FC et émergence du Paris Saint-Germain (1970-1990)
Au début des 1970, la capitale ne dispose d'aucun club en première division et lors de la saison 1970-1971, le Red Star, basé à Saint-Ouen depuis des années, représente la banlieue et plus exactement le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Le Paris FC, créé en 1969, essaye de devenir le nouveau grand club de Paris intra-muros, mais cela échoue. Cependant, un nouveau club parisien arrive en D2, accompagné de deux autres: le Paris Saint-Germain issu de la fusion en 1970 du Stade Saint-Germain et du Paris FC, le Paris-Joinville ainsi que l'Entente Bagneaux-Nemours-Fontainebleau. Sportivement, la première saison du club en D2 se termine par un titre de champion de France et une promotion en D1. À la suite de pressions de la mairie de Paris qui refuse de subventionner un « club banlieusard », le club est scindé en deux en mai 1972 : la section professionnelle passe sous les couleurs du Paris FC et reste en D1, tandis que les amateurs du Paris-Saint-Germain Football Club sont relégués en Division 3, là où évoluait l'équipe réserve. Le mariage avec le PFC aura tenu moins de deux ans.

Cependant, le club amateur réalise deux montées consécutives et revient en D1 en 1974. Depuis, le parcours du club n'est entaché par aucune relégation: un record inégalé à ce jour, le Paris-Saint-Germain étant le club le plus ancien de D1.

En parallèle, Paris-Joinville participe à la D2 de 1967 à 1969 puis de 1970 à 1972, et finit à la septième place de l'édition 1967-1968. Ce club atteint également les huitièmes de finale de la Coupe de France en 1967-1968. Enfin de 1970 à 1978 puis de 1981 à 1983, le Racing club de Fontainebleau, alors connu sous le nom d'Entente Bagneaux Fontainebleau Nemours, évolue en Division 2, et réalise notamment un très bon parcours en 1970-1971 où le club finit cinquième.

Au début des années 1980, l'industriel Jean-Luc Lagardère et le groupe Matra reprennent la section football du  Racing Club de France qui fusionne avec le Paris FC, tout juste redescendu en Division 2, dans le but de redorer le blason ciel et blanc et de devenir le second grand club de football de la capitale avec le jeune Paris Saint-Germain, fondé en 1970.
L'équipe professionnelle devient le Matra Racing puis le Racing Paris 1 et les amateurs repartent en Division 4 sous le nom de Paris Football Club 83. Malgré les sommes investies, le club ne rencontre de succès ni sportif ni populaire auquel se rajoute de nombreux déboires financiers. Le dernier derby parisien en Division 1 s'est d'ailleurs joué entre le Paris SG et le Racing CF de l'ère Matra, à l'avantage du PSG. En 1990, le Racing reprend le nom de Racing Club de France Football. Le club abandonne le professionnalisme et se retrouve en Division 3 avec le Paris FC.

Monopole du PSG sur le football parisien (1990-2015)
Dans les années 1990, la chaine de télévision Canal+ investit dans le Paris Saint-Germain et Michel Denisot devient vice-président. Durant l'« ère Canal+ », le Paris Saint-Germain remporte un championnat de France (1994), cinq coupes de France (1993, 1995, 1998, 2004 et 2006), deux coupes de la Ligue (1995 et 1998), une coupe d'Europe des vainqueurs de coupes (1996) et une coupe Intertoto (2001). Pendant ce temps, le Red Star, seul club encore professionnel de la région parisienne avec le PSG, enchaîne mauvaise saison sur mauvaise saison en D2 et est relégué en National en 1999.

Au début des années 2010, il n'y a à Paris qu'un seul club professionnel, c'est le Paris Saint-Germain. Ensuite vient en National, le Paris FC, qui y végète à nouveau depuis 2006, après avoir fréquenté la troisième division pendant dix ans, de 1989-1990 à 1999-2000, et le Red Star, basé à Saint-Ouen depuis de longues années. Le Racing Club de France Football redevenu un temps RC Paris puis Racing Club de France Football-Levallois 92 et aujourd'hui Racing Club de France football Colombes 92, évolue quant à lui en Division d'Honneur au sein de la Ligue Paris Ile-de-France. Par ailleurs, on notera une performance exceptionnelle du Red-Star en Coupe de la Ligue de football, en 1999-2000. Ce dernier atteint les demi-finales, perdues, contre le FC Gueugnon, futur vainqueur de la compétition.

Retour du professionnalisme multiple (depuis 2015)

En 2011, le Red Star est promu en National en tant que troisième meilleur deuxième de CFA 2010-2011 et rejoint le Paris FC présent dans le championnat depuis 2006. L'US Créteil-Lusitanos, club de la banlieue sud-est, qui avait passé quelques années en seconde division dans les années 2000, évolue aujourd'hui, en National 2.

Lors de la saison 2014-2015 de National, le Red Star et le Paris FC terminent respectivement premiers et deuxièmes du classement, et montent en Ligue 2.
Grâce à ces accessions, la capitale française renoue avec le professionnalisme multiple, qui avait disparu en 1992, avec l'abandon du RC Paris.

Depuis 2015, le PFC et le Red Star effectuent l'ascenseur entre le National et la Ligue 2. Cependant ces deux clubs sont aujourd'hui les seuls à pouvoir représenter le football de haut niveau en région parisienne avec le Paris Saint-Germain, actuellement en situation de monopole.

Lors de la saison 2022-2023 cinq club parisien évolue au haut niveau sportifs national, le Paris Saint-Germain Football Club et le Paris Football Club évolue respectivement en Ligue 1 et Ligue 2. Le Paris 13 Atletico et le Red Star Football Club évolue en National. Le Racing Club de France (football) évolue en National 2.

Clubs parisiens professionnels dans l'histoire

Rivalités à Paris intra-muros

De nos jours, seul le Paris SG évolue en Ligue 1, et est suivi depuis 2015 par le Paris FC en Ligue 2 et le Red Star FC et le Paris 13 Atletico en championnat National Autrefois, notamment des années 1930 aux années 1960, plusieurs clubs parisiens évoluaient ensemble en D1 ou D2 (Racing CF Paris à Colombes, Red Star à Saint-Ouen, Stade Français à Auteuil), créèrent de véritables rivalités.

Rivalité entre le Red Star FC et le RC Paris

Encore récemment, les deux clubs évoluaient ensemble en CFA de 2007 à 2009. De 1999 à 2001, les deux clubs se sont également croisés en National (Troisième niveau footballistique français).

En des temps plus reculés, on notera quatorze saisons communes en D1 entre 1932 et 1949 dont quatre saisons de championnat de guerre. On remarquera d'autre part les saisons 1953-1954 et 1964-1965, où les deux clubs évoluent ensemble en D2.

On parle d'un véritable derby entre les deux formations, à l'ambiance plutôt tendue pour des matchs se jouant de nos jours en CFA, soit au quatrième niveau national.

Rivalité entre le RC Paris et le Stade Français

Rivalité entre le Red Star FC et le Paris FC

Les deux clubs ont évolué ensemble en D1 en 1972-1973, en D2 entre 1976 et 1978, et en 1982-1983, et dans les divisions amateures en D3 en 1999-2000 Depuis 2011, les deux clubs se croisent à nouveau en Championnat de France de football National.

En Division 2 1975-1976, le Red Star est affecté au groupe B, alors que le Paris FC est affecté au groupe A. En 2001-2002, alors que les deux clubs évoluent en D4, ils sont également affectés à des groupes différents.

Depuis le championnat de France de football National 2011-2012, les deux clubs s'affrontent régulièrement. En 2013, les deux clubs se rencontrent en Coupe de France.
Actuellement, il s'agit de la rivalité sportive la plus médiatiquement valorisée, compte tenu des résultats récents des deux équipes qui ont terminé première et deuxième du championnat de France de football National 2014-2015 et continueront donc de s'affronter en Ligue 2.

Rivalité entre le Paris Saint-Germain et le Paris FC
C'est entre ces deux clubs que s'est jouée la place en Division 1. Cependant, les confrontations directes entre le Paris FC et le Paris SG ont été très peu nombreuses, dans la mesure où le PSG évolue en Division 1 / Ligue 1 sans interruption depuis 1974, et le PFC ayant connu cette division à trois reprises : les deux premières fois de 1972 à 1974, soit avant la montée du Paris Saint-Germain, et la troisième fois en 1978-1979, où ils finirent dix-neuvième et sont relégués à nouveau pour ne plus jamais monter. Chacune des deux rencontres de 1978-1979 se sont soldées par des matches nuls.

En 2011, les deux clubs se sont croisés en seizièmes de finale de la Coupe Gambardella, où le Paris FC a éliminé le Paris SG aux tirs au but. L'ambiance dans le stade Maryse-Hilsz, garni par plus de 400 supporters habitués au Parc des Princes, était électrique.

Rivalité entre le Red Star et le Paris Saint-Germain
C'est lors de la saison 1971-1972 qu'eut lieu le premier derby entre le tout jeune Paris Saint-Germain Football Club et son vieux voisin audonien du Red Star Football Club en Division 1. Le match se déroula au stade olympique Yves du Manoir de Colombes, (le Parc des Princes étant en reconstruction à cette époque), devant  et se solda par une victoire du Paris SG, 4 buts à 1. Lors de cette saison, d'ailleurs, les deux clubs parisiens jouaient l'ensemble de leurs matchs à domicile au stade de Paris, plus connu sous le nom de stade Bauer à Saint-Ouen.
Le Paris SG et le Red Star se retrouvent en Division 2 lors de l'exercice 1973-1974. Ils réalisent une bonne saison puisque tous deux remontent en Division 1.
La saison 1974-1975 est marquée par les deux dernières confrontations entre un club résidant depuis un an dans un  Parc des Princes tout juste rénové et son doyen, le Red Star, club de la banlieue rouge basé à Saint-Ouen depuis de longues années et sur le déclin, puisque ce dernier descendra en seconde division à la fin de cette saison.

Rivalité entre le RC Paris et le Paris Saint-Germain

Rivalités en région parisienne

De nos jours, la plupart des clubs parisiens cités plus haut ont déménagé en banlieue, à l'image du RC Paris à Colombes et du Red Star à Saint-Ouen. Cependant, d'autres clubs de la région parisienne ont réussi à percer, notamment le club de l'US Créteil-Lusitanos, Football Club 93 Bobigny-Bagnolet-Gagny ou encore le Football Club de Versailles 78.

Les confrontations directes entre clubs franciliens ont notamment eu lieu en National ou en National 2.

La saison 1997-98 de National (année de l'apparition du groupe unique dans cette division) constitue un record pour le football francilien contemporain avec 6 clubs de la région sur 20 au total (soit 30 % du championnat). Depuis cette saison jusqu'en 2014-2015, le football francilien a toujours conservé au moins un club dans cette division.

Le groupe A de la saison 2010-2011 de CFA constitue également un record avec 9 clubs de la région sur 17 au total (soit 53 % du groupe).

Rivalité entre l'US Créteil-Lusitanos et le Paris FC

La rivalité entre Paris FC et US Créteil-Lusitanos, club de banlieue, n'est pas véritablement une réelle rivalité historique. Elle est née en raison de la relégation du club cristolien en National en 2007, qui rejoint le Paris FC, qui venait de réaliser une saison satisfaisante, finissant à une solide sixième place. De plus, depuis le début des confrontations en championnat, les clubs réalisent souvent des parcours proches, l'exemple le plus frappant étant celui de la saison 2010-2011 où  les deux clubs ont fini avec deux points d'écart seulement. La rivalité a pris un tournant en avril 2008 où les Béliers se sont imposés à la surprise générale sur le terrain du PFC sur le score de 4 buts à 2, mettant fin à tout espoir de remontée en Ligue 2 cette saison-là pour les parisiens.

En 2009-2010, alors que l'US Créteil réalise une bonne saison et se rapproche de son objectif de retour en Ligue 2, c'est lors du derby que les espoirs de remontée s'envolent pour Créteil, et que le PFC est contraint d'oublier ses envies de dépasser son rival cristolien.

Des incidents entre Ultras ont été à déplorer et les ultras des deux clubs entonnent régulièrement des chants hostiles au club adverse, même lors des matches ne concernant qu'un seul des deux clubs. Des affrontements physiques sont d'ailleurs souvent à déplorer lors de ce derby. En revanche, les relations entre les directions des deux clubs sont cordiales, comme en atteste le fait qu'un match amical est organisé quasiment chaque année depuis plusieurs années lors de la préparation d'avant-championnat au mois de juillet.

Depuis 2016, l'US Créteil se morfond en National alors que le Paris FC évolue en Ligue 2 depuis 2017.

Rivalités dans le football féminin
Le football féminin est également implanté en région parisienne et des confrontations parfois tendues peuvent avoir lieu.

Rivalité entre la VGA Saint-Maur et le Juvisy FCF (appelé Paris FC Féminines depuis 2017)

L'une des premières rivalités notables en région parisienne est celle entre la VGA Saint-Maur et le FCF Juvisy. Si la rivalité se joue en termes de prestige et de palmarès, elle n'a jamais été vraiment effective sur le terrain, la VGA étant le grand club français des années 1980 et le FCFJ celui des années 1990. Durant les années 2000, la VGA a été reléguée. La remontée du club en Division 1 pour la saison 2015-2016 ouvre la voie au retour de la rivalité. Les deux clubs restent malgré tout, derrière l'Olympique lyonnais (anciennement FC Lyon) (9 titres), les équipes qui ont été sacrées championnes le plus grand nombre de fois (6 titres chacune).

Rivalité entre Juvisy FCF (Paris FC Féminines depuis 2017) et Paris Saint-Germain Féminines

Avec la remontée en D1 du PSG en 2001, c'est le club phare du football francilien masculin qui voit sa section féminine revenir au premier plan.
Les premières saisons sont décevantes et la meilleure (2007-2008) est synonyme de  et de finale de Challenge de France (équivalent féminin de la Coupe de France). L'été 2009 marque un tournant dans la rivalité : le PSG recrute notamment quatre internationales françaises : Élise Bussaglia, Julie Soyer, Sonia Bompastor et Jessica Houara et obtient le prêt de  Camille Abily en provenance du Los Angeles Sol, celle-ci finissant meilleure buteuse du club. Le PSG et Juvisy se disputent alors la deuxième place (qualificative pour la Ligue des Champions), derrière l'OL, et Juvisy remporte le duel à distance avec son rival parisien celui-ci se consolant avec une victoire en Challenge de France. Le 18 octobre 2009, à l'occasion de PSG-Juvisy, disputé au Parc des Princes, le record de spectateurs pour un match de D1 est battu avec  présentes en tribune. À cette occasion, le PSG s'impose 1-0 grâce à un but d'Abily. Lors de la saison 2010-2011, c'est le PSG qui décroche la , toujours derrière l'OL, et se qualifie pour la Ligue des Champions, Juvisy ne terminant qu'à la .

Autres rivalités : tentatives et perspectives

Outre les clubs phares précités, des clubs de D2 tentent de trouver leur place dans le football féminin francilien, c'est le cas notamment de l'AS Montigny (une saison en D1 : 2009-2010) mais aussi du FF Issy-les-Moulineaux ou du COM Bagneux. L'hétérogénéité du championnat de D1 est cependant peu propice au développement de nouveaux clubs et ce, en dépit des bonnes performances de ces clubs (en 2010-2011, Bagneux a terminé  du groupe A alors qu'Issy et Montigny ont terminé respectivement  et  du groupe B).

Stades et installations sportives

Voir aussi
 Ligue de Paris-Île-de-France de football

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes
 Historique sur les principaux clubs de football parisiens et franciliens

Football à Paris
Rivalités dans le football en France

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Pell City, AL (35125)
Mostly sunny. High 53F. Winds WSW at 10 to 20 mph..
Partly cloudy. Low 32F. Winds WSW at 5 to 10 mph.
All about Ashville
Tara Sweatt
2020 has been a year of challenges and changes never before seen; but Ashvillians managed to make it a stellar one.
The students consistently distinguished themselves in athletics, academics, and agriculture. But perhaps the most memorable was Miles for Meals. The Bulldog runners raised nearly three thousand dollars to buy groceries for those in need. They even did the shopping themselves: at Piggly Wiggly when the doors opened.
It is rare to find that kind of generosity of spirit, courage, and determination in those so young. But their hometown is teeming with role models possessing these attributes. Those who delivered hot lunches or offered their shopping services for free to complete strangers on Facebook knowing they would be safer at home.
They took a bad situation and used it to break new ground. The St. Clair County Extension Office taught classes on how to sell food on the internet. Necessity is the mother of invention...and new business ideas.
Ashville Spirit Club made generous donations to high school athletics. The McCains did the same for the Ashville Public Library. The Children's Place got a new playground thanks to donations and volunteers.
This is beyond the old or new normal, this is new and improved!
Perhaps generosity of spirit is what moved the Ashville School System to recognize new teachers every month. There have been too many to mention. But we've learned how much effort coaches put into every game, every athlete. We learned that a math teacher doesn't necessarily just reach math. She might also organize the prom and Homecoming. Well-deserved praise to those in a noble profession.
And they had the courage and determination not to let fear steal their joy or take away their traditions. They went to dances, craft shows, car shows, fall festivals and Sweets on the Square just to name a few.
And, even in the rain, The Christmas Parade marched on. It is a big part of Ashville's identity. And considering the qualities that characterize Ashvillians, it is an identity that deserves a parade.
Happy New Year, Ashville. And good job with the old one!
Ashville Spirit Club
HODGES DEGARIS, Lena Aug 12, 1936 - Jan 4, 2021
MASSEY, Tootsie Jun 6, 1934 - Dec 23, 2020
On December 23, 2020 our sweet "Tootsie" died peacefully at home surrounded by her family. She was born June 6, 1934. Tootsie loved life and she loved her family and friends. Her favorite past-time was spending beautiful sunny days outside working in her yard, which was her grandmother's old…
BRADEN, Kyle Jan 14, 1982 - Dec 9, 2020
MCCLUNG, Patricia May 26, 1932 - Dec 4, 2020
WHITE, Eva Mar 9, 1945 - Nov 9, 2020
Springville Fire Department receives vaccine
6 of Alabama's U.S. Republicans voted against impeachment
Covid-19 vaccine available Jan. 18 for 75 and up, first responders and law enforcement in AL
Pell City Bulletin
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Demolition of Pell City jail underway
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Home » ICT4D Bibliography » Works » Promises to Keep. Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment
Promises to Keep. Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment
Fisher III, W.W. (2004). Promises to Keep. Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Type of work: Book
During the past fifteen years, changes in technology have generated an extraordinary array of new ways in which music and movies can be produced and distributed. Both the creators and the consumers of entertainment products stand to benefit enormously from the new systems. Sadly, we have failed thus far to avail ourselves of these opportunities. Instead, much energy has been devoted to interpreting or changing legal rules in hopes of defending older business models against the threats posed by the new technologies. These efforts to plug the multiplying holes in the legal dikes are failing and the entertainment industry has fallen into crisis. This provocative book chronicles how we got into this mess and presents three alternative proposals—each involving a combination of legal reforms and new business models—for how we could get out of it.


This page displays sold house prices for Graig Park Circle in Newport.
Graig Park Circle in Newport NP20 consists predominantly of semi-detached houses. Properties on Graig Park Circle typically have values around £100,000 - £150,000, ranging upwards of £200,000 for larger semi-detached houses.
Map showing Graig Park Circle in Newport.


The Epel respository offers CentOS and RHEL the ability to you the Fedora Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux, which includes many useful packages such as HAProxy and others.
Sometimes you may not be able to install with yum, in that case you can install with RPM instead.
Make sure to use the version that matches your version of CentOS or RHEL. Commands should be run as root, or with sudo.


text:
Texas A&M Names 297 Winners of Prestigious Scholarships
A President's Endowed Scholarship is considered the most prestigious academic merit scholarship awarded by Texas A&M.
By Keith Randall
COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS – The Texas A&M Foundation has honored 297 incoming freshmen as President's Endowed Scholars, many of whom are National Merit Scholars. Texas A&M University has a history of recruiting National Merit Scholars, having been ranked No. 1 for National Merit Scholar enrollment in the state of Texas, No. 3 among U.S. public universities and No. 7 nationally, according to the most recent 2018 data released by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation.
Texas A&M Foundation President Tyson Voelkel '96 and Texas A&M University President Michael K. Young recently inducted 297 incoming freshmen as President's Endowed Scholars during a virtual ceremony.
A President's Endowed Scholarship (PES) is considered the most prestigious academic merit scholarship awarded by Texas A&M.
The program was established in 1968 with only 20 scholarships and was created to reward and support outstanding high school students throughout their college careers. Recipients are chosen solely based on academic achievement and demonstrated student leadership.
The program has cumulatively supported 6,469 Aggies. In the more than five decades since its establishment, the total amount of the endowment for President's Endowed Scholarships has risen to $59.5 million because of donor support.
"It is a tremendous honor to recognize our new President's Endowed Scholars," said Texas A&M President Michael K. Young. "These exceptional students earned our most prestigious academic scholarship through their extraordinary intellectual achievements, their record of service and their potential to be leaders. We're delighted to welcome them to Texas A&M because we know they will enrich our campuses and our classrooms by bringing a breadth of knowledge and experience that elevates our entire academic community."
The awarding of the scholarships was held during a virtual event because of the COVID-19 virus.
Texas A&M Foundation President and CEO Tyson Voelkel '96 congratulated the students and implored them to embrace unforeseen challenges.
"Our annual PES reception is an invaluable opportunity not only to recognize hard-working, brilliant students and officially welcome them to Texas A&M, but also to appreciate what this program and the people who support it have accomplished," Voelkel said.
"Think about what Texas A&M has become and the level of talent we have attracted over the years," Voelkel continued. "None of that would have been possible if not for those who felt such a passion for the university and what it stands for that they devoted their resources to invest in it. The PES program is one of the most effective tools for donors to create meaningful, personal and institutional impact at Texas A&M, and it deserves to be celebrated."
Students are selected to receive a PES during their senior year of high school based on their scholastic and extracurricular records. Scholars receive the award for four years, or eight semesters of undergraduate study, provided they maintain a 3.5 grade point ratio. They also receive a stipend for a study abroad experience.
A PES can be established by an individual or a group with a one-time gift of $100,000 or a series of gifts over five years. Because the scholarships are endowed, they will support Aggie students in perpetuity with a new student benefiting from the scholarship every four years.
"For me, receiving the President's Endowed Scholarship means that my hard work during high school has been recognized and rewarded. It is also a challenge to meet the high levels of academic achievement and integrity expected of PES recipients," said recipient Bailee CoVan '24 of Huffman, Texas. "By providing for my scholarship, my PES donor shows that they believe in the value of my education at Texas A&M. They see my potential to become an adult who uses acquired knowledge to think critically and contribute positively to the world."
Added recipient Sean Berry '24 of Flower Mound, Texas, "Receiving the President's Endowed Scholarship is a gratifying return on the hard work and effort I put into academics over the past years, but it also signifies the effort I must continue to put forth during my time at Texas A&M. The support from donors indicates the importance and impact of such an award and reminds me of the standard I must strive to uphold."
By Texas A&M University Division of Marketing & Communications
About the Texas A&M Foundation
The Texas A&M Foundation is a nonprofit organization that aspires to be among the most trusted philanthropies in higher education. It builds a brighter future for Texas A&M University, one relationship at a time.
TAMF News
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text:
Academics Table of Contents
Degrees & Certificate Programs
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LL.M. for Foreign-Trained Lawyers
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Why an LL.M.
The Temple Experience
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2017 Program Brochure (PDF)
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Employee Benefits Certificate Program
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J.D. / M.P.H.
J.D. / M.B.A.
J.D. / LL.M. in Transnational Law
J.D. / LL.M. in Taxation
Business & Tax Law
Think Temple for Tax
Other Areas of Study
In-House Clinics
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Tips for a Successful Clinical Experience
The Pennsylvania Innocence Project @ Temple Law
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Symposia & Conferences
Named Lectures
Friel-Scanlan Lecture
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The Phyllis W. Beck Lecture
The Honorable Clifford Scott Green Lectureship
Harold E. Kohn Lectureship
The Frank & Rose Fogel Lecture
Arlin & Neysa Adams Lectureship
The Herbert F. Kolsby Lecture in Trial Advocacy
Journals & Law Reviews
National Trial Team
Moot Court Competition Team
Philip C. Jessup International Moot Court Honor Society
Rubin Public Interest Law Honor Society
Academic Core Enrichment (ACE)
The Annual Edward D. Ohlbaum Paper in Advocacy
Academics / Experiential Learning / Experiential Courses
First Year Courses
Temple Law introduces students to experiential learning and skills-based courses within the first few weeks of classes. Not only does the first year curriculum provide students with an understanding of the relationship between law and society, an introduction to legal and procedural concepts, and a commitment to ethical conduct and professional responsibility; it also includes a number of courses that integrate traditional substantive law with innovative hands-on learning opportunities.
Litigation Basics
Litigation Basics is a one credit course taken in the first semester that provides students an overview of the judicial system and the mechanics of litigation. The program is split into two parts. In the first, students develop techniques for reading and interpreting appellate judicial opinions and legislative enactments – two important sources of law that they will encounter not only in law school but throughout their legal careers. In the second, students explore and participate in a pair of hypothetical cases generated by a single event.
The hypothetical cases explored in Litigation Basics consist of one civil case and one criminal case. Students follow the path of each case from its inception, through the trial phase, to its eventual arrival at the appellate level. By following these cases through their entire lifecycle, students become familiar with the anatomy of a lawsuit and the basic procedural concepts that frame many other cases used in the first year curriculum. This portion of the course provides students with insight into how the facts of a case are developed, the roles of various actors in the legal process, and the methods utilized by lawyers in both the civil and criminal justice systems. The course also introduces students to the professional responsibility issues that arise in the course of litigation, and the practice of law in general.
Introduction to Transactional Skills
Introduction to Transactional Skills (ITS) is a two-week intensive course where first year students are exposed to the practice of transactional law. Students learn how to think like a transactional lawyer through lectures, small-group workshops, and a simulation where teams of two represent sides of a new partnership and work to navigate issues confronting a small business. The students learn to properly identify their client's goals and work to negotiate, draft, and execute the documents necessary to accomplish those goals. The course develops strategic thinking, interviewing, negotiating, and drafting skills.
ITS departs from the tradition of limiting the first year curriculum to doctrinal courses and features an unprecedented degree of collaboration between faculty, technology, and outside practitioners. In the program capstone, first year students have the opportunity to demonstrate what they have learned and get feedback on their work from practicing lawyers. Many students have identified this experience as the turning point after which they began to see themselves not just as law students, but as future lawyers.
Temple Law's Legal Research and Writing curriculum serves as a model for many schools around the country and was among the first legal writing programs designed around the client problem. The intensive first year LRW course places students in the role of attorneys from the first day of class. Students immerse themselves in the real life context of their research and writing by solving client legal problems in a way that accurately reflects how they will work in summer jobs and later in practice. The problem solving nature of the course provides students a solid foundation in the essential lawyering skills that will enable them to confront their first jobs with confidence and provides critical insight into the human side of law practice. In the fall semester, students focus on finding the law and using it to predict how a client's problem can be resolved. In the spring, the focus shifts to persuasion through written and oral advocacy. Throughout the course, students make use of the ever-growing array of legal research tools available to modern practitioners – including print, electronic, and open source resources.
A hallmark of Temple's first year course is the close interaction between the students and the faculty made possible by small class sizes. Students meet one-on-one with their professors several times over the course of the year and frequently receive detailed feedback on their work.
Learn More About the Legal Research and Writing Program
Upper Level Courses
Every Temple Law student successfully completes at least one professional skills course in their second or third year of law school. As 2Ls, students have the opportunity to focus their attention on trial advocacy or transactional practice through theIntegrated Trial Advocacy (ITAP) and Integrated Transactional (ITP) programs. Those who choose not to enroll in an integrated program but are still interested in gaining experience in trial advocacy or transactional work can take free-standing courses in Introduction to Trial Advocacy (ITA), or Interviewing, Negotiating and Counseling.
Second and third year students may also select from among the 28 clinical courses offered at Temple. Clinicals offer a broad range of real-world trial, transactional and mediation experience. Upper level JD courses also provide a full spectrum of practical training opportunities including interviewing and counseling clients, drafting documents, litigation, trial work, and dispute resolution through non-litigation techniques.
Learn More About Temple's Integrated Programs
View Current Clinical Offerings
View Detailed Upper Level Course Listing
Back to Experiential Learning


text:
NOTICE: BANK HOLDING COMPANY RATING SYSTEM
Attention: Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Subject: NOTICE: BANK HOLDING COMPANY RATING SYSTEM
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has issued a revised bank holding company (BHC) rating system. The revised system more closely aligns the Federal Reserve's rating process with the focus of its current supervisory practices by placing an increased emphasis on risk management, providing a more flexible and comprehensive framework for evaluating financial condition, and requiring an explicit determination of the likelihood that the nondepository entities of a BHC will have a significant negative impact on the depository subsidiaries.
Under the revised rating system, each BHC is assigned a composite rating (C) based on an evaluation and rating of three essential components of an institution's financial condition and operations. These three components are Risk Management (R); Financial Condition (C); and Potential Impact (I) of the parent company and nondepository subsidiaries on the subsidiary depository institutions. A fourth rating, Depository Institution (D), mirrors the primary regulator's assessment of the subsidiary depository institutions. A simplified version of the rating system that includes only the R and C components will be applied to noncomplex bank holding companies with assets below $1 billion.
In order to provide a consistent framework for assessing risk management, the R component is supported by four subcomponents that reflect the effectiveness of the banking organization's risk management and controls. The F component is supported by four subcomponents reflecting an assessment of the quality of the banking organization's Capital; Asset Quality; Earnings; and Liquidity.
The policy also contains guidance on implementation of the revised rating system based on BHC size and complexity. A summary of public comments and the revised BHC rating system policy are in the Federal Register notice.
The Federal Register notice, published December 6, 2004, is available here (102 KB, 30 pages).
Date: The revised rating system becomes effective January 1, 2005.
For Further Information: Deborah Bailey, Associate Director, (202-452-2634), Barbara Bouchard, Deputy Associate Director, (202-452-3072), Molly Mahar, Senior Supervisory Financial Analyst, (202-452-2568), or Anna Lee Hewko, Supervisory Financial Analyst, (202-530-6260). For users of Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) only, please call 202/263-4869.


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Home » Games » Sports Games » Madden NFL 21
Jason Delacey November 22, 2021 81
It is more than fair to say that the last few years, EA has been coasting along with the Madden series. Madden NFL 21 is not a bad game at all, but it is certainly lacking in innovation. It is a game that is going to be enjoyed by hardcore Madden fans no matter what, but many of us with this release started to feel more and more like we were playing the same game over the last few years.
How to Download Madden NFL 21
To download the game for your platform, click on the Download button at the end of this review. Check out also our review of Madden NFL 22.
The Game Review
To be fair, EA did implement a few new features here. One of the most notable things was the new stick skill ball carrier system. This along with some new passing moves and changes to tackling were welcome additions. Overall, EA did give us a bit more control on the field. It was more of a small step than some kind of innovation. I think as far as the on-the-field stuff goes, this game engine has run its course.
Again, that does not make it bad by any means. However, I do have to say that Madden is a series that is crying out for a big engine change to really shake things up. The thing is, as long as Ultimate Team is a massive cash cow for EA, they have no real reason to do this.
While I feel this start of this review could be regarded as negative, there were still many things I liked about Madden NFL 21. Franchise Mode is something I sink tons of hours into every year and in this game, it is as good as ever. Granted it is very similar to what we got last year, but they already had a solid foundation here so I loved trying to make the Eagles the ultimate franchise.
There is also a story mode here called Face of the Franchise. The story mode is pretty fun, you are a rookie trying to become the star on your team. These story modes that EA has started putting in their sports games are way better than they have any right to be. I had a blast with this and would recommend it be the first thing you play.
Another game mode that I had a lot of fun with is called The Yard which offers you backyard/street style football. The idea of playing a game like this in Madden is hilarious and it is actually very well done. I would love to have seen this expanded on a bit and hopefully, it can lead to the return of the NFL Street series at some point.
I cannot believe we have got this far and not talked about the presentation. Say what you want about EA, but their sports games are the best in history when it comes to TV-style presentation. Madden NFL 21 looks great, with recognizable players, and real stadiums.
It would be so easy to say "it is just the same game as Madden NFL 20" and I can get that. However, this is still a damn fine game of football. It may not be moving the series very far forward, but it still plays great. Plus, there are many game modes here for you to sink your teeth into.
Madden NFL 21 is a simulation of American football. Download it now and lead your teams to many victories and fame.
Madden NFL 21 Review Summary
This game looks fantastic
The story mode is actually very well done
Franchise Mode is as addictive as ever
I had so much fun with The Yard
The series is crying out for some kind of big innovation
I am not a fan of what Ultimate Team offers at all
www.ea.com


The 2008 economic crisis that hit many European countries increased social poverty among young people and exposed them to multiple vulnerabilities. Developing intercultural awareness and combat prejudice are important to promote social inclusion and strengthen social cohesion.
LOUD aims to foster inclusive environments for young people in order to prevent them from drifting into intolerance and extremist behaviours. It will strengthen local authorities' and young people's capacities to produce alternative narratives.
Training sessions will be organised in the different territories in order to empower young people, identified through the previous phases, on alternative narratives methods and local campaigns.


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Clinical update
The management of bipolar disorder in general practice
Philip B Mitchell, Jillian R Ball, James A Best, Bronwyn M Gould, Gin S Malhi, Geoffrey J Riley and Ian G Wilson
Med J Aust 2006; 184 (11): 566-570. || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00382.x
Published online: 5 June 2006
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General practitioners have a key role in managing patients with bipolar disorder, a condition which affects at least one in 200 Australians each year and is the sixth leading cause of disability in the population.
Although diagnosis and treatment of the illness is complex, effective treatment can lead to good outcomes for many patients.
GPs can contribute significantly to early recognition of bipolar disorder, avoiding the long delays in accurate diagnosis that have been reported. As in other complex recurrent or persistent illnesses, GPs are well placed to coordinate multidisciplinary "shared care" with specialists and other health care professionals.
GPs also provide continuing general medical care for patients with bipolar disorder, and are in a unique position to understand patients' life circumstances and to monitor their progress over time.
The last decade has seen many advances in medication for bipolar disorder, including the introduction of new therapies and the refinement of treatment protocols using older medications. There has also been increasing recognition of the contribution of psychological therapies to symptom relief, relapse prevention, optimal function, and quality of life.
It has been estimated that 1 in 200 Australians experiences an episode of bipolar disorder in any 12-month period,1 and that lifetime prevalence is between 1% and 4%.2
The Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders included an analysis of 112 people meeting the criteria for bipolar disorder of the International classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10).3 Most were already in treatment, and might therefore reflect the more severe or acute segment within the continuum of severity.
The mean age of onset was 25 years for men and 26 years for women. In addition to episodes of mania, 79% had experienced at least one clinically significant episode of depression. A large proportion (86%) reported experiencing delusions at some time in their lives.
Difficulty with relationships was common. Just over half the men and a quarter of the women were single and had never been in a long-term relationship, and 64% of the men and 42% of the women did not have children. Half the men and a third of the women lived alone. Many had achieved well educationally, but their work performance was impaired: only 30% of both men and women with bipolar disorder had no formal secondary school qualifications, but 79% were receiving a pension or benefit, and 67% of those seeking work were unemployed at the time of interview; 9.8% were classified as severely disabled.
Nature and course of illness
Background and evidence base for recommendations
The original concept for these recommendations arose out of discussions between one of us (P B M) and Eli Lilly Australia. They were prepared by an expert working group with expertise in the diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder in both the general practice and psychiatric settings. The disciplines represented include general practice, psychiatry, psychology and medical education. This outline for the management of bipolar disorder in general practice has been formally endorsed by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
Most of the pharmacological and psychological treatments recommended are supported by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence I or II; that is, there is evidence from a systematic review of all relevant randomised controlled trials (level I) or from at least one correctly designed randomised controlled trial (level II). The evidence is derived from patients with bipolar I disorder in inpatient or outpatient psychiatric treatment settings. Currently, there are no controlled trials of treatments for bipolar disorder in primary care.
Bipolar I disorder is characterised by the occurrence of at least one lifetime episode of mania and, usually, episodes of depression.
Bipolar II disorder is characterised by episodes of both hypomania and depression, but no manic episodes.
Recognised patterns of illness also include mixed states and rapid cycling between depression and mania.
Depression is often the predominant mood and has been associated with the greatest burden of disability. One study found that patients with bipolar I disorder experienced 32% of their weeks of follow-up in depression and 9% in mania or hypomania. For those with bipolar II disorder, 50% of their follow-up period occurred in depression but only 1% in hypomania.4
Suboptimal function between discrete bipolar episodes, characterised by symptoms such as mild anxiety or depression, is common and tends to be unrecognised. The suicide rate in people with bipolar disorder is about 15 times that of the general population, and 80% of suicides occur during episodes of depression. At least 25% of patients will attempt suicide and 10%–20% will complete suicide. Comorbid conditions including anxiety disorders (52% of patients in one Australian study) and substance misuse (39%) are prevalent.1
Role of general practitioners
GPs are well placed to coordinate the care of patients with bipolar disorder as they continue to provide other aspects of general medical care and develop an understanding of the patient's circumstances and progress.
There is increasing interest in shared care between the primary and secondary care sectors for patients with mental illness.5 It is appropriate for a psychiatrist to assess patients with bipolar disorder early in the illness, to make or confirm the diagnosis and establish a plan for medication and psychological management. Most GPs treat relatively few patients with bipolar disorder, and continuing care for those with severe or frequently recurring illness might best be directed by specialist services. Those with less severe illness, or illness that is responsive to treatment, might best be managed primarily by GPs.
Issues in diagnosis
Patients with bipolar disorder report that delays in diagnosis and incorrect diagnosis are common. A study of participants in a bipolar disorder support group revealed that more than a third sought professional help within a year of the onset of symptoms, but 69% were misdiagnosed, most frequently with unipolar depression.6 Other frequently reported misdiagnoses included anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, borderline or antisocial personality disorder, alcohol or substance misuse and/or dependence, and schizoaffective disorder.6 Over a third waited 10 years or more before receiving an accurate diagnosis. Notably, respondents rarely reported all their manic symptoms to a doctor. For example, fewer than a third admitted symptoms such as reckless behaviour, spending excessively and increased sexual interest or activity.6
The age of the patient influences the differential diagnosis. In younger patients, conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder need to be considered. In patients older than 40 years — an age when initial presentation in the manic phase of bipolar disorder is relatively uncommon — possible organic causes should be addressed.
Some "clues" to the presence of bipolar disorder are summarised in Box 1. Note that longitudinal monitoring is often necessary to make or refine the diagnosis.
Management of bipolar disorder
The main tasks for GPs in managing medication for patients with bipolar disorders are:
monitoring the efficacy and side effects of maintenance therapy;
in consultation with a psychiatrist, implementing treatment during acute episodes of mania or depression; and
supporting medication adherence.
Clinical practice guidelines released by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists in 2004 provide an authoritative guide to treatment.7 Some principles of treatment for bipolar disorder are listed in Box 2, and recommendations for laboratory monitoring during maintenance therapy are summarised in Box 3. Most research has been conducted in bipolar I disorder and extrapolated to bipolar II disorder when required: there is relatively little direct evidence on medications for bipolar II disorder.
While several guidelines on bipolar disorder have been published internationally, there is considerable unanimity between these. The major distinctions appear to be stronger recommendations for use of lithium in the Australian and European guidelines, with more emphasis on valproate in the United States.8 Furthermore, US guidelines strongly support the use of mood stabilisers alone at an early stage in the treatment of bipolar depression.
The term "mood stabiliser" is used to describe medications that are effective in both acute and maintenance phases of therapy. "Traditional" mood stabilisers are lithium, valproate and carbamazepine, but there is evidence that atypical antipsychotics and the newer anticonvulsants are also effective in at least some phases of bipolar disorder.
Antidepressants in bipolar disorder
The role of antidepressants in bipolar disorder is controversial. A systematic review concluded that antidepressants were effective in the short-term treatment of bipolar depression and that switching to mania was not a common early complication of treatment.9 However, another recent study reported the common occurrence of switching to mania, which was observed in 19% of acute and 37% of long-term antidepressant courses,10 but the study was limited by the lack of a placebo control group.
Patients who stopped taking antidepressants within 6 months of remission from bipolar depression were more likely to relapse within the following year than those who continued treatment.11 This suggests that for many patients continuation of antidepressants beyond the usual 2–3 months recommended in bipolar depression may be preferable.
Initiating therapy
Ideally, patients should be reviewed by a psychiatrist before a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is confirmed and therapy commenced. However, access to specialist services may be delayed, particularly when the patient's symptoms are not severe. Telephone advice from specialist services can assist GPs in these situations, and guide the initiation of appropriate treatment. More frequent review of the patient can also assist in monitoring progress and checking that symptoms, risks and disability are not progressing more rapidly than anticipated.
Poor treatment adherence in patients with bipolar disorder is common. GPs can provide verbal and written information on the advantages and disadvantages of prescribed medications, and encourage patients to give their own views and discuss their experiences. Symptom history can be used to review the effects of medication, identifying the costs and benefits of adherence, and highlighting the active role of the patient in the analysis. Patients should feel confident about discussing the pros and cons of medication and their own concerns.
Psychological therapies
There is growing evidence for the benefits of psychological therapies in bipolar disorder.12-15 Psychological therapies include:
education about the condition and its treatment;
basic cognitive behavioural techniques (eg, identifying triggers and planning how to minimise or avoid them; accurately labelling emotions; identifying thoughts and reframing them into more positive rational responses; and dealing with adjustment/self-esteem issues and long-term vulnerabilities);
interpersonal and social rhythms therapy teaches patients to be more effective in handling relationships and make graded lifestyle changes to increase stability, and highlights the importance of routine and sleep;
supportive psychotherapy is particularly useful in identifying interpersonal triggers that affect the patient's mood. It is most useful in the maintenance stage of treatment, once the skills of cognitive behavioural therapy have been learned; and
exercise, yoga, relaxation therapy and similar "mind–body" interventions, individualised to the needs and lifestyle of the patient, may also be beneficial in the maintenance stage.
Indications for referral
Indications for referral to specialist services are given in Box 4.
Relapse and emergency care
Acute episodes
An episode of acute mania is a medical emergency. Patients have the capacity to destroy their reputations, relationships and finances within hours or days. Insight and judgement are usually impaired early, even in the absence of delusions, and involuntary hospitalisation is frequently required to protect the patient. However, the decision to admit may be traumatic for the patient and family members, all of whom will need support.
If outpatient treatment occurs, it is essential to monitor risky behaviour, such as financial indiscretion or potential harm to others from, for example, hazardous driving. A financial power of attorney may be necessary. Outpatient attendance is often erratic, and a legally enforceable community treatment order may be required.
It has been said that patients with acute mania are "always worse than they seem". An apparently reasonable level of function during a brief assessment may mask more serious dysfunction. Reports from family and friends should be taken seriously, but interpreted with an understanding of the patient's normal function and the nature of these relationships.
Similarly, active depression is associated with a high risk of suicide and self-harm. Risk management, particularly the recognition of suicidality, is a crucial responsibility of the treating doctor.
Relapse profile
It may be possible to develop a "relapse profile" for individual patients and list how the patient should respond. Common triggers for hypomanic or manic episodes are changes to everyday rhythms (eg, sleeping and eating), and stressful life events.
Possible early warning signs include destructive or impulsive behaviour after being sleepless or irritable, looking haggard, speaking in a caustic manner, telephoning friends indiscriminately regardless of the time, stopping medications, and impulsive, self-destructive threats and gestures.
Strategies to offer the patient when early warning signs of mania occur include the following:
establish a regular routine for eating and sleeping;
spend nights in your bedroom even if you are not sleeping — lie down and rest as much as you can;
prioritise and reduce the number of tasks you are involved in;
modify excessive behaviour — slow down;
engage in calming activities and be aware of how you are thinking, feeling and behaving;
carefully follow through the consequences of your actions — consider the costs and benefits;
delay impulsive actions — if it is still a good idea in a few days time, it might really be a good idea;
spend time on your own to reduce stimulation, for example by avoiding crowds, busy shops, intense movies and parties;
find a quiet, restful place to spend your time;
keep a diary of your moods and reactions;
reframe your overly inflated thoughts as symptoms;
recognise if you are getting into destructive situations;
talk to someone you can trust;
avoid drinking tea, coffee, cola or other drinks that contain caffeine;
avoid alcohol, marijuana or other drugs; and
see a doctor to review your medications and current state.
Possible medical and psychological responses to signs of relapse include:
intensify psychological therapies, including stress reduction, normalising sleep patterns;
adjust medication, for example adding a benzodiazepine or antipsychotic; and
advise patients to minimise sleep disruption and other stressors and triggers.
Bipolar disorder can be extremely taxing for the family and carers of the patient. Families need and want information and education about the illness, as well as continuing support during times of crisis. They can become active participants in elements of treatment such as encouraging appropriate medication, regulating lifestyle and monitoring the patient for signs of relapse (Box 5).
Insight, consent and confidentiality
Loss of insight during acute episodes of bipolar illness poses particular problems for families and carers, as patients may deny their illness and resist treatment. Treating doctors must balance the need to respect patients' privacy, while fulfilling their obligation to provide adequate care.
Decisions may need to be made about the legal competence of patients and the point at which action should be taken to declare them incompetent and a danger to themselves and others. "Dangers" are not always physical, and can include damage to reputation, income and relationships. Dependants normally under the care of the patient may also be at risk, and treating doctors should be aware of their legal and ethical responsibilities to protect children from harm.
Support for patients and families
Although there is not a single national bipolar disorder support organisation for patients and families, a range of state-based services and organisations exist (Box 6).
Bipolar disorder is a challenging illness for patients, families and carers, as well as for health care professionals. Increased understanding of the disorder can facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, effective short-term and long-term pharmacological and psychological treatment, and the development of effective support mechanisms.
GPs have a central role in facilitating diagnosis, accessing specialist care, and providing continuing monitoring and support.
1 Clues to bipolar disorder
Symptoms and signs of mania and hypomania can include the following types of behaviour which are out of character for the individual:
feeling energised and "wired"
excessively seeking stimulation
overly driven in pursuit of goals
needing less sleep
irritable if stopped from carrying out ideas
disinhibited and flirtatious
offensive or insensitive to the needs of others
spending money in an unusual manner or inappropriately
indiscreet and disregarding social boundaries
having poor self-regulation
making excessively creative and grandiose plans
having difficulty discussing issues rationally or maturely
reporting enhanced sensory experiences
Duration of symptoms
The criteria of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) require that symptoms of hypomania are present for at least 4 days and symptoms of mania are present for 7 days before a diagnosis is made. However, these thresholds are somewhat arbitrary.
2 Principles of medication for bipolar disorder*
Acute manic episodes
Use a mood stabiliser (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine or an atypical antipsychotic, such as olanzapine, aripiprazole, quetiapine or risperidone) for elevated mood
Also use an antipsychotic (if not already chosen as a mood stabiliser), a benzodiazepine, or a combination of an antipsychotic and a benzodiazepine, to calm or sedate the mood until the mood stabiliser takes effect (about 1 week)
Acute bipolar depression
In de novo depression, in the absence of pre-existing mood stabiliser therapy, use a mood stabiliser either alone or in combination with an antidepressant. Mood stabilisers with proven antidepressant effects in bipolar depression include lithium, lamotrigine, quetiapine and olanzapine
In breakthrough depression during mood stabiliser therapy, optimise the mood stabiliser by ensuring compliance and checking serum levels. If this fails, add an antidepressant or a second mood stabiliser. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine are generally preferred, although monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are sometimes necessary
Consider lithium, valproate, olanzapine, lamotrigine (the latter agent is most effective for prevention of bipolar depressive episodes) or carbamazepine
* Adapted from the clinical practice guidelines of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 2004.7
3 Laboratory monitoring of maintenance medication*
Serum lithium concentration (aim for 0.6–0.8 mmol/L)
Every 6–12 months
Thyroid-stimulating hormone and electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels, to exclude hypothyroidism or declining renal function
Serum carbamazepine concentration (aim for 17–50 mol/L)
Liver function tests to exclude hepatotoxicity
Full blood count to exclude aplastic anaemia and other haematological dyscrasias
Electrolytes to exclude hyponatraemia
Every 3–6 months
Serum valproate concentration (aim for 300–700 mol/L)
Full blood count to exclude thrombocytopenia
No regular testing necessary — there is no utility in serum level monitoring
Atypical antipsychotic drugs
Blood sugar and serum lipid concentrations to exclude diabetes and hyperlipidaemias
* Adapted from Mitchell and Gould, 2004.5
4 Indications for referral to psychological services
Patient is having difficulty understanding or accepting the diagnosis
Medication adherence is less than optimal
Relapses occur, suggesting the need for symptom management skills to supplement medication
The patient has unresolved issues or trauma resulting from the phase of the illness or hospitalisation
Patient has difficulty in adjusting to relationships or work
Cognitive distortions act to destabilise mood
Patient has difficulty identifying stressors or triggers leading to relapse
Patient has sustained feelings of loss of direction or meaning
Personality difficulties hinder recovery
Couples or family therapist
Patient feels misunderstood or unsupported by family despite general practitioner's interventions
Family dynamics trigger relapse
Family members are overly involved or over-reacting to patient's illness, affecting independent functioning and recovery
Continuing substance misuse
5 Checklist for families
Alert the general practitioner or other clinicians when you notice the person is experiencing early warning signs of hypomania or depression
See the person's disturbed behaviour as a symptom of his or her illness. If frustrated, express frustration about the illness rather than the person
Help develop an action plan to get the person through each day
Decide if the person should be working, and how the illness can be managed in the workplace
Ensure that the family has its own support systems, and access to educational material
Ensure children or dependants can be supervised adequately while the person is unwell
When the person is well again, encourage the person to take an active role in managing his or her illness, and plan for dealing with the person's affairs should he or she become unwell again
6 Resources for bipolar disorder
http://www.mindbodylife.com.au/Common/Pdf/ServicesDirectory.pdf
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Bipolar disorder. Australian treatment guide for consumers and carers. June 2005 — http://www.ranzcp.org/publicarea/cpg.asp#consumer
Books for patients, families and carers
Goodwin G, Sachs G. Bipolar disorder. Oxford: Health Press, 2004.
Jamison KR. Touched with fire: manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament. New York: Free Press, 1993.
Jamison KR. An unquiet mind: a memoir of moods and madness. New York: Knopf, 1995.
Orum M. Fairytales in reality: my victory over manic depression. Sydney: Macmillan, 1996.
Kelly M. Life on a roller coaster. Living well with depression and manic depression. Sydney: Simon and Schuster, 2000.
Russell S. A lifelong journey. Staying well with manic depression/bipolar disorder. Melbourne: Michelle Anderson Publishing, 2005.
beyondblue: the national depression initiative — http://www.beyondblue.org.au
Black Dog Institute — http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au
SANE Australia — http://www.sane.org
ORYGEN Youth Health — http://www.orygen.org.au
National Institute of Mental Health (USA) — http://www.nimh.nih.gov
Mental Health Council of Australia — http://www.mhca.org.au
View this article on Wiley Online Library
Philip B Mitchell1
Jillian R Ball1
James A Best2
Bronwyn M Gould2
Gin S Malhi1
Geoffrey J Riley3
Ian G Wilson4
1 School of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW.
2 Sydney, NSW.
3 School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA.
4 Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
Correspondence: phil.mitchell@unsw.edu.au
Acknowledgements:
The contributions of Associate Professor Kay Wilhelm, Mr Tony James, Ms Sarah Reed and Ms Laila Chaama are gratefully acknowledged.
Competing interests:
The development of these guidelines was supported by an untied educational grant from Eli Lilly Australia. Eli Lilly facilitated the meetings of the group and provided administrative support. Eli Lilly had no editorial role in the content of this document. The Chair of the expert working group (Professor Philip Mitchell) and other members of the working group received no remuneration, either directly or indirectly, for involvement in this task. In the past 3 years, Philip Mitchell has served on an advisory board for Eli Lilly Australia and has received honoraria for lectures or consultations from some of the manufacturers of compounds detailed in these guidelines including AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline and Janssen-Cilag.
1. Mitchell PB, Slade T, Andrews G. Twelve-month prevalence and disability of DSM-IV bipolar disorder in an Australian population survey. Psychol Med 2004; 34: 777-785.
2. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 593-602.
3. Morgan VA, Mitchell PB, Jablensky AV. The epidemiology of bipolar disorder: socio-demographic, disability and service utilization data from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7: 326-337.
4. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, et al. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 530-537.
5. Mitchell PB, Gould B. Bipolar disorder. What the GP needs to know. Med Today 2004; 5: 46-51.
6. Hirschfeld RMA, Lewis L, Vornik LA. Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: How far have we really come? Results of the National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 161-174.
7. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team for Bipolar Disorder. Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2004; 38: 280-305.
8. Vestergaard P. Guidelines for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: are there discrepancies between European and North American recommendations? Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 519-522.
9. Gijsman HJ, Geddes JR, Rendell JM, et al. Antidepressants for bipolar depression: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1537-1547.
10. Leverich GS, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, et al. Risk of switching in mood polarity to hypomania and mania in patients with bipolar depression during acute and continuation trials of venlafaxine, sertraline, and bupropion as adjuncts to mood stabilizers. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 232-239.
11. Altshuler L, Suppes T, Black D, et al. Impact of antidepressant discontinuation after acute bipolar depression remission on rates of depressive relapse at 1-year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1252-1262.
12. Mitchell P, Malhi G, Ball J. The management of bipolar disorder. In: Joyce PR, Mitchell PB, editors. Mood disorders: recognition and treatment. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2004.
13. Vieta E, Colom F. Psychological interventions in bipolar disorder: from wishful thinking to an evidence-based approach. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2004; (422): 34-38.
14. Jones S. Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder: a review. J Affect Disord 2004; 80: 101-114.
15. Ball JR, Mitchell PB, Corry JC, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: focus on longitudinal change. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 277-286.
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Hepatitis C is the deadliest infectious disease in the US. The VA has a strategy to defeat it among veterans.
This entry was posted on Wednesday, March 7th, 2018 at 10:23 am and is filed under Alpert Medical School, Public Health.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


Our library is a busy learning space and responsible behaviour and respect is highly valued - let's keep it a GREAT space for everyone.
Handle books, equipment and furniture with care.
Leave library spaces neat and tidy.
Merits will be given for great behaviour.
Demerits will be recorded in instances of disrespect or irresponsible behaviour.
Thanks for your assistance in keeping the library a GREAT place to be!


produced at Turin in 1819, and Emnma di Resburgo, at Venice in 1820, firmly established the composer's reputation. In 1831 he gave to the public Robert the Devil. His subsequent works are operatic. He died May 2, 1864. See L. de Lomenie, M. Meyerbeer, par un Homme de Rien (1849); De Bury, Meyerbeer et son temps (1865); Mentel, Meyerbeer, s. Leben u. Werke (1868).


As promised, here are a few more collab manis I have done recently on Instagram with other nail girls!
First up, I did an owl mani with @caseylanelovespolish inspired by the print on a cup she has. The base for my owl nails is China Glaze Tree Hugger with one coat of Pretty & Polished Bayou Blitz. Casey said it perfectly when she said Bayou Blitz is like the lovechild of Lush Lacquer Clowning Around and Salon Perfect Zapped! It is such a cute polish!
Next, I did Care Bears with @cnails08. We decided to do something that challenged both of us. I am terrible at painting characters, and her gradients need more practice. So we did both!
I hated how mine turned out originally so much though, that I decided to take a stab at the bears again but create just bellies, and I loved that design way more!
Lastly, I did a quadruplet design with @kaylascreativecutivles, @captain8bit, and @highonpolishes. We went with a heart theme and each picked one technique to use: water marble, gradient heart with black background, stitched hearts, and tie dye. We each did a two-color mani (with black and white as accenting colors) and each had two different colors.
I'd always wanted to try tie-dye nails before this collab, but had never gotten around to it. I'm glad I was finally able to, though, because that is my favorite nail; I love how it turned out!
I've been doing a lot of triplet nail collabs with @amylovesnewwave and @paintmainails too, so I'll have a big post about all of those tomorrow!