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Veterinarian Care
Illnesses and Treatment
My Fish Has a White Coating on its Body: What Is It?
Your fish has a white coating on its body and you don't know what to do? Today, we'll bring you possible answers and solutions for this issue.
Aquariums are a true sensory joy, bringing peace, aesthetics, freshness, and beauty to any room in which they're placed. Watching the fish swim peacefully around the tank is mesmerizing, isn't it? However, a lot can go wrong in this little ecosystem. For example, you may see that a fish has a white coating on its body.
Whether mucous or a foreign substance, an opaque or milky film on the animal's body always indicates an illness (usually serious). If you want to know how to deal with such a difficult situation, read on.
The mucous layer of fish
As studies show, the epidermis of fish is covered with a slippery, slimy substance known as mucus. This is the first biological barrier that acts as a protection against viruses, bacteria, and more complex ectoparasites (such as copepod crustaceans of the genus Lernaea or anchor worms).
This viscous colloid contains antibacterial factors, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozymes, lectins, proteases, and other compounds that give the fish some innate immunity. The mucus prevents the adherence of pathogens, but also actively fights against them and can even destroy them.
Beyond this, the viscous body of the fish has a clear displacement function. It allows these vertebrates to move more easily in the aqueous environment, as it reduces the resistance and friction produced during underwater swimming.
As expected, the condition of this mucous layer indicates (to some extent) the degree of health of the fish. When it becomes opaque or lesions develop, it's safe to assume that the fish is suffering from some sort of disease, either epidermal or systemic.
The mucous layer of the fish improves its hydrodynamic capacity and actively protects it against pathogens.
Why does my fish have a white coating on its body?
The mucous layer protects fish from infection, but it's not foolproof or indestructible. Poor water quality, overcrowding, constant stress, and inadequate food will make it easier for your fish to catch various pathogens. Here are 3 reasons why your fish has a white coating on its body and how to deal with them.
1. Velvet disease
This condition is caused by a group of microscopic dinoflagellates of the genus Oodinium. These parasites can be distinguished under the microscope by the presence of 2 flagella, one of which disappears transversely when the parasite is attached by pseudopods to the epidermis of the fish. Their reproduction is asexual and some have a free-living phase.
The cycle of these organisms is quite complex, but it's enough to know that the tomites (infective juvenile forms) move freely until they reach their host, which they parasitize by adhering to its skin and integrating into its mucosa. They feed on the cells, which they dissolve with chemical compounds, and become tomonts after 3 days, which divide asexually.
Some of the symptoms of this infection are as follows:
Scratching (flashing) of the fish against hard objects.
Lethargy.
Loss of appetite and weight loss.
Rapid and labored breathing.
A whitish or yellowish coating that covers the body of the fish. This gives it a velvety appearance.
Skin shedding in the most severe stages.
Treatment of infected fish is expensive, and the entire aquarium must be medicated. The first step is to raise the water temperature to 86 °F (if the species is tropical), but you also need to buy special medicines with copper sulfate and follow the treatment closely for about 10 days.
It's important to remove the charcoal filter from the tank during this treatment process.
2. Slime disease
Slime disease refers to a general clinical picture more than a specific infection. This term refers to any disease that causes a thickening and opacity in the natural mucous layer of the fish. This gives it a general milky and sickly appearance.
Lethargy, loss of appetite, lack of movement, and atypical breathing are signs that accompany the condition that concerns us here. In this case, you need to see a veterinarian, as the condition may be due to various bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. In other words, it has no specific etiology.
Without a doubt, this group of conditions is the most common cause of a fish having a white coating on its body. White spot and velvet disease are also suspected in many cases but cause a more pearly or speckled appearance.
3. White spot disease
Another cause of a fish having a white film covering its body is white spot disease. However, rather than a uniform film, these are round and very whitish dots that are visible to the touch. These correspond to microorganisms of the species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (a ciliated parasite) encysted in the skin of the fish.
At the biological level, these spots respond to trophozoites, infective forms that are feeding on the skin of the fish. When these are released, they become encysted elsewhere in the aquarium and acquire the name of tomocysts (tomonts), which eventually rupture and release up to 1000 free-living tomocytes. The tomocysts mature into trophonts and the cycle is repeated.
The symptoms of this disease are very similar to those already mentioned in other diseases and sometimes its symptomology is confused with velvet disease. Formalin is usually the chemical compound of choice to treat the entire aquarium, although copper sulfate, methylene blue, and potassium permanganate (always specific for aquariums) can also be used.
If left untreated, white spot disease has a lethality rate of up to 100%.
Various clinical conditions can cause your fish to have a white coating on its body. We recommend that you go to the vet in all cases, as this clinical sign is quite general and sometimes there's no specific cause (it can have to do with more than one infection at a time). If you don't act, it's likely that your entire aquarium will soon become infected.
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Dash, S., Das, S. K., Samal, J., & Thatoi, H. N. (2018). Epidermal mucus, a major determinant in fish health: a review. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 19(2), 72.
Tema 3, orden Dinoflagelida (PDF). Recogido a 13 de octubre en https://www2.ulpgc.es/hege/almacen/download/35/35429/tema_3.pdf
Velvet in fish, The Spruce Pets. Recogido a 13 de octubre en https://www.thesprucepets.com/aquarium-fish-disease-velvet-1378486
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Girls & Guitars - An Evening of Songs, Laughter & Stories!
Join After Jack's Emily, Rachel, and Mary, along with Megan Jean and Jade Jones.
This very special guitar pull celebrates women in song and stories.
Proceeds from ticket sales benefit Carilion Clinic Breast Center.
Let's work for the Cure together!
Please Visit our Sponsors Below!
" We've lost friends, neighbors, and loved ones to cancer. Unfortunately, it's hard to find a person who hasn't. We'll be playing for them, and for the incredible survivors we are fortunate to know. The Carilion Breast Center is near and dear to our hearts because it directly serves our hometown community. Cheers, Emily " After Jack is a musical celebration of togetherness. Named 2014 Americana Vocal Group of the Year by the Appalachian Cultural Music Association, the trio couples a modern sensibility with distinctly old-time energy to blend bluegrass, gospel and folk elements. Combine your most beloved musical memories with a foot-stomping string band and top it off with harmonies that spring straight from the soul of the mountains, and you've got After Jack. Emily, Mary and Rachel met while working as performers in a professional theatre company. In forming the band, they realized they were merging three unique musical perspectives. Though often labeled "Americana," their sound, ability to reach the heart of an audience, and the incredible joy that they bring to the stage cannot be adequately captured by one word.
"I"m playing this for my aunt Sally, who I lost 7 years ago to breast cancer. I think of her every day, and she was the closest thing to an angel I think I'll ever meet. She taught me what unconditional love felt like. Any opportunity to share her memory and help other women facing this disease is an honor." Since their last album, Megan Jean and the Klay Family Band have undergone something of an identity crisis. Sure, there are elements that have remained the same: Megan Jean's hurricane of a voice that can glide from baritone to mezzo soprano without breaking a sweat; the engine-room thrum-and-stomp of her husband Byrne Klay on banjo and bass drum — that's all intact. But depending on when you might have seen them on their endless tour around the country, Megan Jean and Byrne Klay might have been a folk-tinged duo with Jean on acoustic guitar, or a washboard-strumming revue heavy on campy 1950s horror movie references and 1920s flapper-jazz style vocals. In their most recent incarnation, they're a mesh of fiercely rhythmic, percussion-heavy propulsion, with the banjo and Jean's roof-shaking voice the only melodic elements. It might seem that there's some grand evolutionary design in place, but Jean says that necessity, and injury, have been the mothers of their invention.
Jade Jones is an Actress/Vocalist based in Washington, D.C. Graduating from Ferrum College with a BFA in Theatre in 2013, Jade has been performing professionally for 3 years. She has worked for several regional theatre companies in Washington including Ford's Theatre, Signature Theatre, and the Shakespeare Theatre Company. Jade draws her musical inspiration from various artists, including Amy Winehouse, Nat King Cole, Billie Holiday, and Elvis. In 2016 she was nominated for a Helen Hayes award for her performance in "Once On This Island" at Creative Cauldron in Falls Church, Virginia. You can catch her next in the upcoming production of "The Wiz" at Ford's Theatre, opening in March 2018.


are making a great comeback.
what about votes? He`s meeting in Ohio. Uh-oh.
Nia Malika Henderson and Dana Milbank on the GOP`s Cain crisis.
can he quiet the big babies on the Hill?
Tonight`s lead, class warfare, Republican style.
This is from a government report.
For Republicans who might not get it, here`s another chart.
you`re fighting for their tax cuts? That`s the real class warfare.
have gotten our tax rates reduced dramatically.
RYAN: Higher taxes are not the answer.
BOEHNER: Tax increases I think are off the table.
SHARPTON: Off the table? Let me show you how ridiculous you are.
these taxpayers. That`s about seven inches of a football field.
And you accuse this president of class warfare?
starts right now. It starts with you.
one percent, it would cut their taxes by about 238 percent.
aren`t going to stand for it.
off of what the congressman just said. Look at the Ryan plan.
JARED BERNSTEIN, MSNBC CONTRIBUTOR: Right.
then turn around with class warfare.
Three-card Monte. They`re playing a shell game on the American voters.
people to pay for the richest tax cuts.
SHARPTON: That`s just plain robbing, but go ahead.
very plans that Congressman Ellison was just very accurately discussing.
goes into his Medicare plan.
the plan will essentially end Medicare.
I mean, are we going bonkers or what here?
thing is, the American people have a role in this.
resent rich people. We just resent being ripped off.
ask for. They are ruining this country.
wrong premise. You`re absolutely right. Why are we defending it?
We`re not doing anything to rich people. They`re cutting poor people.
proposing to do anything to rich people, but say pay your share.
are too strong, so we have to reverse all of that -- and the middle class.
Ryan said today, of class warfare if you dare interrupt the conversation.
town simply aren`t listening to them.
people to think this is just a Ryan problem.
ELLISON: At least for a short while.
trying to deregulate everything so we again expand this inequality.
Listen, I don`t want dirty air. I don`t want dirty water. Come on.
It`s about what makes sense in order for America to be able to compete.
between what is real and what is spin.
is something that`s very simple to see through.
All of a sudden shuttering, closing the EPA becomes a jobs program?
That`s simply not serious, it`s not credible.
SHARPTON: -- let me ask you a question.
certainly handle some of this inequality, wouldn`t it?
taxes cut by $1.4 million a year.
9-9-9 will take an already bad situation and make it way, way worse.
The 9-9-9 needs to be 86`d.
SHARPTON: Et tu, Herman? You stab us too?
comes after another epic flip-flop.
Cain ad is all about. Maybe Letterman is on to something.
pockets, and out of our way.
country fighting for jobs, and it`s working.
Let`s just look at the last month.
On the 11th, Republicans shoot down the president`s jobs plan.
and tell you what exactly they`re opposed to.
they just couldn`t understand the whole thing all at once.
and the president calls them out on it.
one was for struggling homeowners.
education within reach for every American.
at 46 percent, up three percent from last month.
And Republicans, beware, because he`s not letting up.
Senate blocked a jobs bill from moving forward.
people, but they still said no. And it doesn`t make sense.
SiriusXM Radio, thank you both for coming on the show tonight.
And guess what? The debate really hasn`t started.
candidates are, the two or the one.
he`s starting to do that.
me tell you, I think we`re seeing a whole new President Obama.
love is, it`s a combination of the right policy and the right politics.
cops, against teachers, against firefighters, against construction workers.
the Republican Party. They vetoed whatever candidate they didn`t like.
And it`s like the tail wagging the dog in that kind of analogy.
last several decades of either party.
The sound clips are already there. It`s like a circular firing squad.
clips they`ll need to defeat them.
people getting tax breaks, and folks know it.
Oakland people. I think it`s all aligned.
low as you can go, nine percent. The president is picking up in the polls.
MADISON: And looking at that traffic in Los Angeles.
years kids fruit and raisins in a bag.
JAY LENO, HOST, "THE TONIGHT SHOW WITH JAY LENO": Ooh.
OBAMA: You need to throw some candy in that bag.
LENO: Moderation. Come on. Exactly.
OBAMA: A couple Reese`s Pieces or something.
on people making over a million dollars a year.
So the president`s message, I think, is getting through.
PRESS: I`ve been to Roscoe`s. I love it.
MADISON: Watch the hot sauce.
SHARPTON: I`m going to show you that later this week.
to Brazil this week, so he`s touting international investment back home.
can`t get off Scott-free. We got you.
and nasty. It`s becoming downright hysterical.
Sirius/XM radio. Thanks for joining me tonight.
BILL PRESS, RADIO TALK SHOW HOST: Good to be here.
case there`s someone left in America who hasn`t seen it.
together we can do this. We can take this country back.
made some ads of my own.
Herman Cain. We hope you share or vision.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Another one of this they`re enigmatic at best.
They`re enigmatic. Take a look at this one.
out of our pockets and out of our way.
added some voice-over. And I think it works even better like this.
SHARPTON: Also joining us, Dana Milbank from "The Washington Post."
Nia, you have been blogging about this like crazy.
HENDERSON: Yes. This is a joke.
SHARPTON: Herman Cain is number one in the polls.
more objective than me. Look at this.
and, you know, we are resonating with them.
not subliminal. It`s blatant. There`s nothing subliminal about the ad.
at him, even if we think he`s ridiculous.
sound perfect, and explain why he`s doing so well. But it`s baffling.
doing amazingly well for now.
How do you change at the age of 50 or 60, positions on life?
tells you all you need to know about that.
on here? Have you ever seen this kind of volatility?
saw obviously, Perry come in over the -- and try to play the birther card.
what we`re getting right now.
as always for your time tonight.
tell you about the fight to stop it.
whisperer? This is POLITICS NATION on MSNBC.
these ads with the headline, quote, "Voting now requires photo ID."
voters don`t need a photo ID. Now some voters may choose not to vote.
This is misleading, and we won`t stop fighting it.
anti-choice activists hide the fact they don`t actually offer abortions.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: When she calls and she says, do you do abortions?
says, I`m calling for myself. I say, when did you have a pregnancy test?
abortions? And I say, no, click.
me ask you, were you surprised by these findings?
what`s happening at crisis pregnancy centers in North Carolina.
nurses when they in fact had no medical experience at all?
back up. You`re saying 94, our research is 92 percent.
SHARPTON: Don`t even have medical professionals on staff?
POPE: That`s correct. That`s correct.
they can come here and get abortions?
by the privacy laws that legitimate medical facilities are upheld to.
illegal thing in the country.
espouse are incredibly alarming and incredibly disturbing.
opinions, we can`t have different facts.
SHARPTON: Carey Pope, thank you for your time tonight.
POPE: Thank you so much for having me, Al.
PRES. BARACK OBAMA (D), UNITED STATES: I know how to take care of it.
SHARPTON: OK. So, the baby calmed down for just a couple of seconds.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Oh, yes. That`s it.
OBAMA: You better give her back.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Could I get a picture?
OBAMA: Come on, baby. There you go.
list, it`s provided for the safety and security of the American people.
Making sure that these kids have a shot at the American dream.
I`ve spent my whole life chasing the American dream.


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An amazing day spent with an organization that brings a communication tool to those involved in a medical or traumatic event. Caring Bridge was such a great tool for me to use when Frank was injured – it allowed me to communicate with everyone about Frank and how he was doing. With so many people following him and his recovery, it made things easy to update everyone at once – from email, to twitter and Facebook, it made life so easy.
It was an honor to be at the corporate offices of Caring Bridge today, and to tell them our story, and what Caring Bridge did for me during his recovery. I am so thankful that it exists, and it was an opportunity that I will not soon forget.
Wonderful people. Wonderful organization. Wonderful moment.


Is BGE pipeline price a sweetheart deal between the utility and the Pugh administration?
For clear-cutting a swath of Leakin Park, BGE is set to pay a fraction of the true cost, a citizens group charges.
Critics bemoan assault on urban tree canopy. Mayor Pugh's spokesman says the city didn't receive a tree donation from a private individual in time for Monday's ceremony.
Progress on an urban farm in South Baltimore, home of a youth-led food-scrap collection service.


It is often said that there is 'no need to reinvent the wheel', but following a recent invention that's come to market, this appears to not be the case after all.
The product in question is Loopwheels, a shock-absorbing wheel with a unique, integral suspension system. It was created with the help of an Araldite® composite bonder and has been nominated for the prestigious 'Designs of the Year 2015' sponsored by the Design Museum in the UK.
In selecting Araldite®, the manufacturers of Loopwheels benefitted from ease and speed of application during production, ensuring a resilient bond, outstanding toughness, low shrinkage, and exceptional resistance to impact and shear. The specific Araldite® epoxy adhesives chosen by Loopwheels not only offer general-purpose, superior structural stability and flexibility but also thermal stability and fatigue resistance.
Choosing an Araldite® composite bonder during manufacture was an important decision for Sam. He said, "Huntsman Advanced Materials Division supplies us with the high quality epoxy Araldite® adhesives that we use to bond each Loopwheel together. Working with Huntsman, we were quickly able to identify the correct adhesive which provides an incredibly strong bond and has enabled us to reduce the number of mechanical fixings and, therefore, the weight of our wheels."
Huntsman Advanced Materials recently featured Loopwheels on its booth at JEC Paris, a major international, industry show. The product attracted considerable attention for the hundreds of visitors to the stand and looks set for global impact over the next few years.


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The Importance of Being Nico
Nico Rosberg: five time race winner, GP2 champion, Williams race driver. It seems natural, as though the season was a mere formality to get to where he is now, as if everyone was expecting this result from the beginning of the year and all he did was live up to expectations. But it was never really like that – he had to make this season with his own two hands, he believed when perhaps no one else did, and the fact that it seems the obvious result in retrospect only shows what a good job he did over the year.
At the start of the season Nico wasn't seen as one of the main challengers for the title – he was one the Three Princes, the sons of former World Champions that were trying their luck in the series, but he wasn't even the most hotly tipped of the trio. Nico came from a solid karting pedigree and a Formula BMW title ahead of a couple of less than perfect years in the Formula 3 Euroseries – the saying goes that you're only as good as your last season, and if you lost, then…
Nico's shyness was clear at the start of the year, when he struggled to find things to say to the throng of journalists as well as the other inhabitants of the new paddock, and his heavy handed attempts at humour, comprised in equal parts of sarcasm and faux outrage, didn't endear him to many people.
But in reality it was probably more a part of learning to understand who he was, and like anyone that's a long road with a lot of detours. Every young boy is defined in part by his father, particularly if he tries to make a name for himself in the same line of work, but when you're a racing driver and your father is Keke Rosberg there is no doubt that you've got a lot to live up to.
As the season got underway he retreated to his team, learning how they worked and putting his solid engineering background – Nico was studying the subject before taking time out to concentrate more fully on racing – to good use. The bond he formed with race engineer Steeve Marcel was unparalleled in the paddock, with the pair speaking their own language and spending hours pouring over the data to find an advantage, any advantage, for the next race.
It's indicative of the closeness between the pair that Nico was disappointed at the awards show in Monza, not because he didn't win the best driver award, but because Marcel wasn't awarded the best engineer prize.
The relationship worked, and through that Nico learnt more about himself. Race results always improve the mood of a driver, but more than that when they started to come for Nico it was as though they were a validation, proof that he was actually good at his job after being knocked back by the lack of success over the previous two years.
And by believing more in himself, he became someone that others could believe in too. The results started to come, and the sunny, mischievous side of Nico suddenly bloomed. When interviewed on television immediately after winning in Magny Cours it was suggested that he had been lucky to have had such a good car in the race, to which he deadpanned: "I guess I didn't have much to do with it then, if it was all the car." The interviewer, horrified at offending the race winner, started to apologise before a wry grin creased his face.
The longer the season went on, the more success he had; the more success, the more comfortable he seemed within himself. The first podium, the first pole position, the first Sunday win, the first Saturday win, the contract to become a permanent test driver for Williams, it all reinforced his growing belief that he was there on merit rather than a name. "You're back again?" he would often ask the GP2 press officers after a race when they needed a quote for the website. "Cool – I must have had a good race then."
The turning point in Nico's season was the mid-season test, which moved ART from a potential podium finisher into a winning team in search of their first victory. Pole position for his team-mate in the next race in Magny Cours was the precursor to a dominant win in the second one, and he was on his way. When asked by a journalist what the team had found in the test Nico laughed, saying: "I'd be pretty stupid to tell you, wouldn't I?" After originally seeing GP2 as a two year programme, he could now see that he had a shot at winning it first time out, and he wasn't about to give that advantage away to anybody.
It was the start of a remarkable run to the title: before the test Nico scored 21 points to Heikki Kovalainen's 38, afterwards he outscored his rival 99 points to 67. Heikki, the initial runaway favourite and racing for the most successful team at this level in recent years, tried everything he had, but ultimately he had no answer to the unbroken string of success Nico was building.
Nico's team boss Frederic Vasseur had humble ambitions at the start of the season, making a step up in category to compete with teams with years of success at this level: "I wanted to just perform well, maybe take a win during the season. I could never have imagined winning the title like this." Asked for his opinion on his lead driver and he smiled embarrassedly, looked up to the sky and said "oh, I don't know where to begin…"
The final step in the process of becoming Nico was learning to mix self-deprecation with self belief. When he finally claimed the title after winning race one in Bahrain and was addressed as GP2 champion, he smirked "there's worse things than that, for sure! It's unreal – we just progressively got faster and faster, and then we went to the test and got a lot better.
"I hardly made any mistakes – I made a few, of course, but very few compared to last year – and I think I've really improved myself. I've got this qualifying thing, where I've done a great job and got five poles, and I really enjoy it to go balls out for one lap.
Now Formula One is definitely the next step, and I can't believe I'm actually talking about it like that! Everything really worked out fine."
After a season like this, it's tough to imagine anyone arguing with him about that. Nico Rosberg, race winner, GP2 champion, Williams race driver. d in the championship by just half a point. Scott Speed took two
Heikki Kovalainen
In a way, Heikki Kovalainen was only ever going to lose this year – as the golden boy of the Renault Driver Development programme and the clear favourite to win the series, the high expectation meant that if he won people would say he was supposed to, and if he lost they would assume it was all his fault. It was a lose/lose situation, and the pressure that can put on a driver is immense.
That he could absorb all of that pressure is one thing; that he did so and performed so well, taking the lead in the championship and staying there for so long and looking unfazed by it all is nothing short of remarkable. And he did it all with good grace and humour, his genuine decency shining through it all.
One example among many – when he finally lost the championship after a tough battle in Bahrain the very first thing Heikki said in the press conference immediately after the race was "before I talk about my race, I'd just like to congratulate Nico on winning the championship" – despite the heartache of getting so close but not winning, despite the unrelenting pressure on him to succeed and the effect it would have on his future, the first thing Heikki thought about was to congratulate his competitor.
Heikki is an uncomplicated soul: he genuinely love to race, and is prepared to do whatever it takes to get the opportunity to do it. The product of a modest upbringing, he knows how lucky he is to be in the position he's in and works to the maximum to stay there – if it means an autograph signing session followed by an appearance in the paddock club and a seemingly unending string of interviews at the track followed by phone interviews in the middle of the night to the other side of the world, he'll do it without question, smile and joke and give the quotes everyone wants, because ultimately it means he gets to sit in the car and drive.
And as good as he is at everything outside of the car, ultimately it's Heikki's abilities inside it that have put him in the position he enjoys now. You don't have to look far for examples of his extraordinary talent – he won from seventeenth on the grid at the Nurburgring, he won with an ill-handling car in Monza despite race long pressure from Nico Rosberg, he drove flat out in both wet and dry conditions in Turkey to win – and even though he's disappointed when he doesn't win it's not hard to see that he still appreciates how lucky he is to be there, even on the days when nothing goes right.
It's easy to underestimate Heikki because of his good natured personality, but to do so is to do him a disservice – Heikki was the favourite at most races, and to win the title, simply because it's more easy to imagine him winning than not, because winning is what he tends to do. It's a good characteristic to have when you're a racer.
One of the most useful weapons in his armoury is the ability to keep an even keel, to not get wound up about things not going his way – Heikki doesn't ever seem to get upset, which means he doesn't expend energy unnecessarily on things that he can't change, unlike most drivers.
Even when he finally lost the championship he didn't get upset, he didn't lash out or make excuses or look for fault elsewhere: "It's very disappointing of course – I was looking for the win, so second place doesn't mean a lot to me, but I've learnt a lot and it's been a competitive championship.
"I've got five victories, and they've all been very good moments, so I know how to win races and fight with the car and be on the edge all the time, so from that point of view there are some positive things. They were stronger than we were, and therefore they deserved to win - congratulations to Nico for a job well done."
And it's impossible to imagine Heikki changing next year in Formula One, despite the pressures going up even further. He will continue to be genuinely decent, interesting and funny person who wants to keep his life as simple as possible – he will continue to play the drums at home to relax, he will continue to bring his girlfriend to the races because she's his best friend and he loves to just hang out with her, he will continue to eat astonishing amounts of food and thank the cook for making it, he will continue to carry out all of the public relations activities without complaint.
And then he will get into the car and continue to amaze onlookers with his ability to run at one hundred percent for as long as he has to, because it's what he loves to do.
Imola:
Scott Speed: "I'm just happy to have finished after the brake problems we had - it felt like the 24 Hours of Imola out there!"
"I had lunch at Renault today and Flavio asked me if I was going to win - I laughed and said yes!" Heikki obviously had the scoop on the first race.
"I had problems at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of that race." – but the rest of the Imola race was fine for Nelson Piquet.
Adam Carroll, Imola Race Two: "This is my type of car. It's got grunt, power and torque. You hit the throttle and it will light the rear wheels up. I love cars that oversteer, too, so this is just perfect."
"It was lucky for Giorgio really, because if he had hit me and I fell on him I might have crushed him!" – Enrique Scalabroni contemplates a diet after his near miss in Imola.
Hiroki Yoshimoto: "I was just stupid! I spun trying to get the fastest lap on the first lap because of the Formula One rubber. It was all my mistake - I want to punch myself in the head!"
"I'm a racing driver. I'll drive anything. Any track, anytime, anywhere. Make some corners up, put me in a car, and I'll drive them quickly." – Scott felt relatively confident in Spain.
"Last year was a very difficult season for me because most people saw me as the guy who was at the back, or the guy who could only beat Baumgartner. Today I think I showed them I can beat more than Baumgartner." – Zsolt wasn't in the race, Gimmi.
"I think I start about twentieth or something, so for sure I can maybe get a podium!" – Juan Cruz Alvarez felt confident despite destroying his car and getting concussion the previous day in Barcelona.
"I said sorry to him for what happened. It was a shame it finished like that, but we were wearing crash helmets when he came over so I couldn't really hear what he said." – Nelson explains his conversational style with friend Adam Carroll after punting him out of race two in Barcelona.
Ryan Sharp: "I'm looking forward to Monaco because I drove there in V6 and it suits my style - I'm smooth and I stay off the kerbs, mostly because I can't afford to pay for a crash!"
Monaco:
"When I was a kid I was a freak about this place, and I knew it so well even then. I can't wait to get out on track!" – Yoshi, who is still waiting to drive in Monaco.
"Monaco really is the ultimate challenge for a racing driver as there's no room for mistakes. With no run-off area, you have to be millimetre perfect - an inch too late or an inch too wide and you'll end up in the barriers." – Clivio Piccione, who retired from the race after hitting the barriers.
"As we only have one race it's just going to be really important to qualify well" – said Nelson before qualifying in Monaco - unfortunately Can Artam wasn't listening.
"I was really happy with the car this morning in free practice, and I was looking pretty good for qualifying, and then this idiot happened. He's been in Formula 3000 before, and now he's just here spending money thinking he's going to get somewhere and then look what happens." – don't hold back Nelson – what do you really think?
"I was in the middle of the track and I tried to move across to give him room, but he was already there." – From the Defensive Driving Manual, by Can Artam.
Ryan Sharp: "I think the internals of the gearbox are now external  - we can see straight through it."
"The GP2 championship is known as a very tough, lot of work championship. When we ask people would you like to come and race with us they say 'do you have an opening in your F3 team?'" – Alfonso de Orleans describes his employment techniques.
"The first corner is going to be a mess" Yoshi gazes into his crystal ball and gets it spot on.
Journalist: "That was a bit of a PlayStation moment - it looked as though he was using the other car to get him around the corner. If Carroll wasn't there Garcia would be in Luxembourg by now."
Alfonso: "I don't think that's true - that corner points towards Belgium, actually."
"I've got to win a race this year, because I'm so damn fast" – Nico seemed pleased with his drive to third from 24th on the grid at the Nurburgring.
"We're not going to appeal the decision because it was Borja's fault." Alfonso could see the stewards point after Borja was banned for a race after causing a crash at the Nurburgring.
"If you think Formula One is boring then you should look at this now!" Clivio was rightly over the moon after winning race two.
"Good man, hold them up and I'll be up there in a minute!" – Adam's thoughts on seeing Neel Jani holding up the field.
"Rubbing is racing!" Adam Carroll describes his race once he got up to the frontrunners.
"My friend, I am so sad - a crocodile, he walked in front of Gimmi's car and he eat the whole gearbox!" – Paolo Coloni had an unusual problem to face in race two at the Nurburgring.
"I think I made the race interesting! What I didn't do is zigzag – once I change my direction then there I am, and if you want to you can go around the outside, which they did in the end because I just couldn't brake late anymore." Neel Jani on that race.
Legends test
Adrian Campos: "It's the best car I've ever driven in my life!"
Jacques Lafitte: "This car is so fast, it made me feel like a boy again."
"It really is a very good car - it's exactly what any young driver needs to prepare him for Formula One" – So said Damon Hill, who arranged for his young driver Steven Kane to drive it too.
Patrick Tambay: "I really shouldn't have come today. I haven't driven anything like this in 20 years, and I just want to start racing again."
"We were not the quickest on any of the days, but we've never been quickest in Ricard and we are still winning races, so that was not the point." - Try telling Nico that test wasn't important, Heikki.
"This month is going to be so important, and with this many races in one month it could either make or break the championship" – Adam Carroll, speaking before the month that broke his championship.
Heikki on the month break: "It's always a bit boring when I'm not doing much."
"Yeah, we had a fire on the steering wheel!" Gimmi confirms he had some unexpected problems at the test.
"Oh shit." Yoshi on being told Borja would line up on the grid behind him in Magny-Cours
"I could tell you, but I'd be pretty stupid to, wouldn't I!" Nico after being asked what ART had found at the test.
Yoshi to team boss Scalabroni, on the phone: "I did okay - I got sixth yesterday and second today. And it happened the first time you weren't here - I think you should stay away for the rest of the season if that's what happens."
"It's a bit itchy!" J Lo on a rash he had on his arms and torso in France.
"It's very, very annoying now" - J Lo's second day with the rash
"That's when the Finnish racing spirit comes out, and no one can stop you then!" Nico ditches his German heritage for a moment.
"Loads of smoke and two cars going off!" Adam explains what he saw of Premat taking off Lopez, Race Two.
Lopez: "He knew it was difficult to pass there anyway, and he just hit me."
Carroll: "Yeah, and he'd already spun when he hit me!" Alex Premat struggled to make friends in France.
"They've clearly found something." – It's hard to get anything past Heikki unnoticed.
Nico on Heikki: "the problem is he's bloody consistent as well, so we won today but bloody hell - he's only lost two points!"
"The car was very shit in the beginning and then we changed the tyres and then it was a bit better" – Xandi in Silverstone.
"A lot of fucking pressure" – Olivier Pla's colourful description of his first win at Silverstone.
"We've been to six events - eleven races - and the only time we didn't have any problems was Magny-Cours. But I have to be positive." Good thing you got that podium, Yoshi.
"Umm….it depends!" – Alex Premat on being asked whether he was any good in the wet.
"The name may have a negative effect sometimes, and you have to work around that" – so said Nico Whatshisname.
"I got recognised in the street! That's the first time that's happened in 25 fucking years." Dave Price post Silverstone.
J Lo: "That was probably the worst race in my career."
"I can feel it in my arse" - Heikki had an unusual method for working out whether or not he was fast enough.
"That sounds beautiful!" – Nico on being told his race was "amazing."
"I'd rather win the race than take the best lap and end up in the gravel!" - GP2's king of spin Olivier Pla on taking his second win.
"He wasn't fair with me in qualifying, and now in the race he's done another dangerous move. I think when it comes to my chance to do it to him he'll see how bad it is." - Nelson issues the smack down to Scott.
"I don't think there's any reason to panic - we just need to look at it carefully" – let us know when we should, Heikki.
"Okay, we made a few mistakes with the strategy at Paul Ricard…" - Nicolas Todt, confirming he saw the same race as the rest of us.
"Now everybody is talking about Nico Rosberg, but Nelsinho always beat him in Formula Three. It'll happen here too..." – Nelson Sr took an unbiased look at GP2.
"There was oil on the track? I had no idea" – Nico appears to have literally during the Budapest practice.
Neel, after winning in Budapest: "I think tonight I will sleep very well!"
Neel on Heikki's overtaking attempt: "I'd say he took quite a risk there - he looked more like a Japanese driver than a Finnish one!"
Nico: "It's not that many podiums, really … well, one each weekend since Monaco!"
"It's always difficult to overtake here - you just need to hope that some driver will make a mistake, like I did yesterday to be honest" – Giorgio Pantano is always ready to help his fellow drivers.
"The whole year is like a holiday if you don't need to work to make money - that's like a holiday!" – Nelson explaining why he wouldn't be taking a break before the next race.
"I think that maybe my head isn't working a hundred percent at the track because things are not going in the right direction or going well" – You might want to work on that, Nelson.
"I think now is the time to have some luck!" – Paolo Coloni, stating the obvious in Turkey.
"I think there's going to be more here than we've seen all year. The layout, the braking zones - this place was built for overtaking. Seriously. It's the coolest track" – Sure Scott, but do you like the Istanbul track?
"I was going quick and then along comes Can Artam … I don't understand … I'm sorry for him but … I hate him! Big time! I was so pissed!" – You can probably scratch Yoshi off your Christmas card list, Can.
"I got through and the others crashed, so something was good!" – Borja got the fundamentals right in Turkey.
"I wasn't very happy, that's for sure. I was just thinking … you complete wanker, you've fucked your race now" – Adam was less than pleased after stalling on the front row. He got back up to second, though.
"Did I do good? Really? I had no idea - I didn't even know where I was - I had no clue. There was just everybody everywhere. I was just really careful and going where there was nobody" – If Nico can be that fast in the rain and not even know it, the others should be worried.
"I didn't know that I was racing the two BCN cars, who were obviously still on wets, and I was thinking 'where are the flags?' I managed to get past them pretty easily, and my team told me after the race that I was racing with them!" – Heikki really needs to work on his communication skills during the race.
Scott Speed in the wet, Turkey: "It was quite difficult to tame 600 horsepower!"
"I think the weekend where we have both drivers in the points we'll go out and have a big party. And you're invited!" – We're looking forward to it, Alfonso.
"I was waiting, no problem, because I was able to overtake whenever I wanted, but suddenly everyone started overtaking me – Lauda first" – Ernesto Viso describes that sinking feeling in Turkey.
Heikki, on the gap back to third in qualifying: "It's a surprise, but I'm not complaining – as long as the gap stays like that tomorrow, it's fine!"
Nico: "Lucky for him I was there with him, because otherwise it would have looked suspicious!"
Adam: "I'm sick of starting at the back!"
Adam: "It felt quite easy today. Testing the F1 car here last week… now that was tiring."
Olivier: "In Monza we have just one problem – we are slow on the straight – which is a big problem!"
"The first few laps were really good – there were a lot of people crashing, and it was quite exciting!" – Nicolas Lapierre on life in the fast lane, Monza.
"It looked like he made a little twitch and that's when we made contact… but on the other hand I had a few metres of space on the inside, so why was I that close? In the end it was just stupid. He thinks it's my fault, and I think it was his fault. There's no tension between us though, it's cool" – Nico sending mixed messages after his crash with his teammate in Monza.
"Things are going to get back to normal I think in the next two races, like in Istanbul where he was 1.5 seconds a lap off. I think we're going to have a bit of an edge…" – Feeling confident, Nico?
Neel, who won in Monza, just: "I have to say that Monfardini shunted me in Turkey, but I forgive him after today!"
Ernesto: "I don't just want to talk about the problems, I'd rather talk about the good things in the season - even if there are not many."
Gimmi: "If you go back last year to here, in Formula One I qualified as the best qualifying ever for Minardi, ahead of the Jordans, one of the BARs and Toyota, so obviously I like this circuit."
Nico: "We were really quick this morning, easily quickest, so when it started raining I was like 'yes!'"
"I don't understand why the GP2 series costs 2.5 million and our team and other teams cost maybe between three and five hundred million - I don't see what the difference is" – I guess that's why you're not an accountant, Flavio.
"I'm really angry at Piquet because he pushes all the drivers, was in contact with the other drivers, and I think this is stupid" – Alex spits the dummy.
"I braked a bit hard, and we were coming from sixth gear to first gear – I locked up a little and unfortunately I touched him, and these things happen sometimes. It was wet, and I was on slicks" – Nelson shrugs.
An understated Heikki, in Spa: "It was not really the best day…"
"Nobody was ready when I came in - they were admiring Alex driving off!" – Nico on ART's unorthodox pitstop style. Well, they are French, and it did look good.
Nico: "I'm looking forward to Bahrain, where I think we're going to be very strong – I think we're going to be ballistic."
"After the safety car someone spun and there was another safety car, and then another one because of Yoshimoto, so it was lucky" – Well, except for your teammate, Ernesto.
"I think I had a good race – I started 21st and finished 5th" – We have to agree, Juan Cruz.
Borja, Spa, Race Two: "It was just difficult on this track, because I couldn't see anything – even my glasses were hard to see through!"
"When it rained it started to get really heavy, and there was some standing water at the top of Eau Rouge – I came through that and it was a little bit squirrelly" – Only a little bit, Adam?
Yoshi: "Until this moment, through every race, I've never bent a suspension arm, and here I've bent about twenty."
Neel: "I saw there were yellow flags displayed so I slowed down, and I was going through Eau Rouge and suddenly there was a car passing in front of me, and I just hit him. Maybe if I didn't slow down for the yellow flags I would have passed him."
Neel: "I've got blue knees, blue elbows, blue ribs and all over my back – just everywhere."
"I think when we won we thought 'okay, now we have to win another one, and another one, and another one', and then we were in the fight for the championship" - Frederic Vasseur caught on fast.
"I don't think it's the biggest weekend of my life, just because I don't see it like that" – So said Heikki in Bahrain – he clearly has a more interesting life than most.
"It's bloody difficult in a Formula One car to do more that fifteen laps – it's not easy" – Don't worry Frank, we're sure Nico will get up to speed pretty quick.
Nico: "GP2 champion? There's worse things than that, for sure!"
Nico on Heikki's early pitstop in Bahrain: "I thought 'what the hell are they doing?', and that it was good that they messed up their strategy once in the season too!"
"He drove alone just to get the fastest lap and I drove to get positions, which is a bit more of a race" – Alex feels he was the moral victor in the battle for third in the championship against Scott.
Giorgio Mondini works out his problem: "I thought I would be faster at the end frankly, and I could have been if you look at the data, but the main problem was I made mistakes."
Heikki on his season: "It's been okay, apart from not winning the championship, obviously."
Fairuz Fauzy: "The season for me has been quite unlucky – I think in Monaco I could have easily finished in the top five but we had a few problems there."
Can: "In the early days in testing Scott was pretty quick, but unfortunately we were not able to convert that into results as a team."
Mathias Lauda tells it like it is: "This year my qualifying performance was totally wrong, totally shit, totally bad."
Borja: "The first part of the season was too difficult for me and my team."
"I don't know if it's bad luck or what, but I can't seem to finish races" – Well it's not good luck, Juan Cruz.
Xandi: "I had some really good races, and also some terrible races!"
Neel's secret to his success: "That's where I did a new record this year I think – keeping guys behind me!"
It's impossible to overstate how impressive ART's first year in GP2 has been. "I wanted to just perform well, and maybe take a win during the season," team principal Frederic Vasseur stated at the end of the Spa weekend. "I could never have imagined winning the title like this at the start of the year."
ART was formed out of the successful Formula 3 Euroseries team ASM, but despite their record in that series few people gave them much chance of succeeding in their first year of GP2 - stepping up a level requires a remarkable increase in budget, facilities and personnel just to run, let alone take podiums and wins.
But win they did – seven times, two more than their nearest rivals – against formidable competition, without previous experience at this level, and with the further disadvantage of operating from France rather than in the so-called Motorsport Valley in England, further restricting their ability to call on facilities and experienced personnel.
Vasseur is certain as to what gave his team an advantage over every other outfit: "We had a big advantage that we had two drivers who were very competitive - this was a big help for us to win the Championship, I am one hundred percent sure, to have a sportive fight in the team. And we could improve a lot, because we had two good drivers in the cars."
Improve they did, particularly after the mid season test at Paul Ricard, which transformed the team from sometime podium finishers to race winners at the very next race weekend. The difference was like night and day, and after getting a taste of winning they keep on doing it, winning at all bar two of the remaining race weekends.
Having the drivers' champion in the team certainly helped ART claim the teams' championship, but both drivers played their part – Nico took five wins and five poles, Alex scored two wins from one pole – and the combination of the two helped the team push up the field. In a sport where beating your teammate is usually your first priority, the genuine friendship between the pair and the help they gave each other allowed ART to concentrate on helping them both, rather than keeping them apart.
Will ART go on to dominate GP2 like they've done in the Euroseries? It's impossible to say, although it's obvious that their competitors in GP2 will be redoubling their efforts to get back on terms with the French team. But a few facts show just how well ART have performed this year: one of their drivers has been signed to race with Williams, the other is a proven race winner in A1 and one of the favourites to win GP2 next year, and ART have become the destination of choice for every top line driver looking to come up into the series in 2006.
Which is not bad for a team that was hoping to win one race this year, if everything went well.
Arden International have a heritage of winning – in 2002 they won four races, in 2003 it was three, and last year they took a remarkable eight victories – so it's unsurprising that they would win five races as they did in GP2 this year. What is surprising is that they didn't win either title, and it says much about the team that these five wins and second place in both titles is seen by the team as a disappointment.
At GP2's launch in April this year Arden were the clear favourite to win both titles, and their recent history suggested that they would cruise through the year while doing so. That a team with the facilities, skill levels and history of Arden didn't win the title shows just how competitive GP2 was straight out of the box in its first year in existence.
Arden introduced a strong line up to an awaiting media at the launch: Heikki Kovalainen was a proven winner, coming off a championship year in the Nissan World Series and already signed up as a test driver for Renault's Formula One team, while Nicolas Lapierre was the youngest ever winner at Macau and a three time winner in the Formula 3 Euroseries.
Much was expected of the team, and they lived up to expectations by taking the first GP2 pole position and the first win at Imola. Heikki took the lead in the championship and stayed there, and it seemed only a question of when, not if, he would win the title.
But the year didn't go according to the script: the team struggled with qualifying, with Heikki unable to consistently challenge Nico Rosberg for poles, and Nicolas in particular suffering from car problems over the season – while Heikki and Nico scored twelve podium finishes each, Nicolas could only manage to score one, an indication that all was not well in his side of the pits.
"Qualifying has always been difficult for us this year," Heikki noted as far back as Hockenheim. "I don't think it's a big thing or that we're a million miles away, but when you have a little problem in the critical times like in qualifying then it makes it a lot more difficult."
Ironically this problem showed the depth of racing knowledge in Arden, as it meant that their strategies had to be better so much better than anyone else's to overcome the problem. There was no better example of this than at the Nurburgring – Heikki was able to win from seventeenth on the grid by a smart pit call to come in early and run in clean air rather than get stuck in traffic.
The ability to think on your feet is what separates the great teams from the less able, and it's that sort of ability under pressure that makes it likely we'll see Arden fighting for both titles once again next year.
Super Nova have won the Formula 3000 drivers' championship four times in their illustrious history, and run the vice champion five times. Given their celebrated past it was not going to surprise anyone if the team was among the top teams in the opening season of the GP2 series, and so it proved.
Despite being the last team to announce their driver line up – the issue was still not clear at the GP2 launch in Paul Ricard in April – nonetheless they pulled a masterstroke by signing the infinitely experienced Giorgio Pantano, fresh from a bruising year in Formula One and looking to re-establish his reputation, and the young charger Adam Carroll, second in last year's British Formula 3 and wanting to make his name in a bigger arena.
The season got off to a strong start in Imola, where both drivers had the possibility of winning the first round before Adam went one step further and did win the second race on Sunday. A further win in Monaco, followed by his teammate claiming second in the next race, meant there was a feeling that things were coming together at Super Nova.
Unfortunately for Giorgio, things were coming together on the other side of the garage. Apart from his pole and second place Giorgio did not score a single point until Germany, with reliability woes hampering his run for the championship – after entering the competition as one of the drivers tipped to do well it was a disappointment for the likeable Italian.
"It was quite a difficult year for us because we started with a series where everything is new, and we had a lot of problems for the first four races – that dropped us to the back of the grid for the championship. After we fixed all of the problems we started to be very close to a win. Sometimes I was a little bit unlucky, I have to say, because I couldn't compete for the championship – I think we had a very good chance to be there when everything was fine."
And when the team finally managed to make his car reliable his teammate started to suffer a run of car gremlins – second in the title fight in France, Adam failed to score again until Turkey, and his title shot had evaporated too.
"Unfortunately the mid part of the season cost us third in the championship, and I think where we finished is a little untrue as to how we've done this year. We did have a few races where I really did struggle, with the car and a few bits and pieces, but we were very quick in lots of races where we started at the back and came through."
Ultimately this unreliability cost Super Nova any serious shot at the title, but almost every other team on the grid would have been delighted to have a season with three wins and eight further podiums – third in the championship was a strong result, and it's only the team's history that could make David Sears anything other than delighted with it.
"My year's been pretty tough, but it's been pretty good," Adam noted at the end of the season. "We've had lots of highs along with a few lows, but I've won a few races this year, got a few podiums, and I think we've been quick at a lot of places. It's all been pretty good really, eventful, and the guys have been working really hard – I think it's a tough, tough championship for everybody involved.
"We've had lots of good races starting from the back and finishing second, like Turkey and the Nurburgring – I can't even remember, there's been so much that's happened! It's been quite a busy year, really."
No one at Super Nova would disagree with this assessment, and the general feeling within the team is that having this year's experience under their belts is only going to improve them for the fight ahead in 2006. Strength often comes through adversity, and allied to their experience it's hard to see Super Nova doing anything other than advance.
iSport
Created late in 2004 specifically to race in GP2, iSport were the dark horse of the field right from day one – comprised of some of the best talent in racing their skills and experience were never in doubt, but the question remained as to whether Paul Jackson and his men could gel as a unit to compete at such a high level against some of the most famous teams outside of Formula One.
After claiming third in the drivers' championship and placing fourth among the teams, the answer to that question at the end of the year has to be a resounding yes.
When Scott Speed joined the team it was clear that they had a strong driver with an even stronger backing – good results in America led to Scott winning the Red Bull American driver search, and in 2004 he won both the German and Eurocup Formula Renault championships as well as testing in the IRL. Scott was seen as the next potential American Formula One driver, and iSport was charged with the responsibility of giving him the car to get to that level.
Five podiums in GP2 speaks volumes about how the team performed – it was a big step up in power for the American but he took to it like a duck to water, and time spent in iSport's pit showed just how strong the link between team and driver was, and how well they performed in giving Scott the opportunity to challenge for race wins.
"It's been quite an up and down season for me, but I feel pretty good," Scott noted at the end of the season. "It obviously started off pretty good, and I think it's been good to me – it's been a really good experience."
A sign of how well iSport performed in 2005 was the level of disappointment in not achieving a win, despite it being their debut year. Scott was not immune to such regret: "In Barcelona I didn't get a win because the clutch slipped off the line - we should easily have won that race. Turkey was a tough weekend for the team and I too, and we probably had two wins on the cards but didn't get them.
"Obviously I had a great chance in a few of the races, and they've slipped away for a few reasons. It is frustrating, but I'm not so concerned – the team was great, and I've gained a lot of good experience in racing circumstances, with pitstops, strategies and things like this."
The relationship between Scott and Can Artam was handled well, with the pair becoming close in a situation where it might have been otherwise, and the team had a real sense of camaraderie as they set about proving themselves against the toughest competition. One thing that helped in this respect was a shared sense of humour – no mean feat with an American and a Turk driving in a particularly English team.
And it is this sense of humour, mixed with their proven heritage – while it may have been iSport's first year in existence, the people behind the team were the brains behind Formula 3000 outfits Den Bla Avis and Petrobras, among others – that differentiates them from the rest of the field, and which may be the momentum behind their growth in the future.
Racing Engineering
Racing Engineering was the biggest surprise in GP2 in 2005 – the team stepped up from Spanish Formula 3 with the ambition of not embarrassing themselves and the hope that they could be the top Spanish team, and finished the year with two wins along with two further podium finishes, to the clear delight of team principal Alfonso de Orleans Borbon: "What a year! We started off with more work than we could handle, and we finished with an incredible championship."
The team were at a disadvantage from the start of the season, having only ever raced at two of the circuits previously and therefore having little data to work with, and as such leaned heavily for information on lead driver Neel Jani, who at least had been to some of the tracks during his time in Formula Renault V6.
Ironically Racing Engineering's first race win came in Hungary, a country where none of the team had ever set foot previously. "I am ecstatic," de Orleans beamed after the race, "because Neel has the talent to have won more races - what we just needed was for the team to go through all the points that allowed us to get to where we are.
"I think we now have what the drivers need to allow them to win, although obviously the final step is up to the driver - if he's got the talent he'll get the win, and Neel has shown he's got the talent."
The team suffered low moments during the season – Borja Garcia's brain fade at the Nurburgring and Neel's shocking accident in Spa being the most memorable – but overall they did far better than avoiding embarrassment, and have marked themselves out as a team of the future.
Hitech Piquet Sports
Hitech Piquet came to GP2 with high expectations in 2005 – if they didn't admit they were targeting the title it was clear that the mood within the team was that they were ready to move up a category and take on the big teams at their own game. That this didn't happen is self evident, but nonetheless there were clear signs in the second half of the year that the team was on a rise.
In retrospect it's clear that the team struggled with the level of expectation surrounding the team, most of it down to Nelson Piquet Jr's 2004 British Formula 3 title. "It hasn't gone as I expected," he stated, matter of fact, at the end of the season. "I thought the testing results we had would mean we'd be close to the front, but that isn't what happened because the team wasn't prepared, and there were a lot of mistakes. It hasn't been even close to an ideal year for us."
With a largely inexperienced teammate Nelson had to provide the lion's share of the driving feedback, and a lack of resources led to a lack of results, which fed the frustration the driver felt as the season slipped away from him. The nadir for the team was Nelson's retirement as he made his way to the grid in Silverstone, where he was due to start from the front row, a race the Brazilian saw as his best opportunity for a race win.
In Turkey the team announced a split between Hitech and Piquet Sports, with the former moving back to concentrate on their Formula 3 outfit and the latter staying to concentrate on GP2. The atmosphere was notably clearer afterwards, and Nelson took a podium at the next race in Monza before finally claimed a fine win in the wet at Spa.
"Now we've got to try to make the team a competitive, race winning team, and try to win the championship next year," Piquet observed in Bahrain. "It's going to be very tough, but it's not impossible I think. I have one more thing than the other drivers I need to worry about - making the team strong - but it's also something more that I'm learning that the others are not."
The vastly experienced DAMS team stepped up to GP2 in 2005 after spending two years in Formula Renault V6, reuniting with their 2003 champion Jose Maria Lopez. The pairing of team and driver brought back some of the old spark, with a win and two second place finishes giving them a decent return on their efforts over the season.
The biggest problem for DAMS was that they lost their way mid-season with the car, and spent too long chasing a number of blind alleys on set up, losing valuable time before finding their way back.
Lopez saw his season this way: "It's been good, and sometimes bad, but there have been too many ups and downs. At the beginning it was pretty good – we had good results in Imola, we had good results in Barcelona – but later trying to find a good car we would have problems. We lost the car in the middle of the championship, and we didn't get any points or even sometimes we didn't finish, so it was pretty difficult.
"But after the break in Turkey we analysed everything and decided to come back to the old set ups, and in Turkey we were quite strong and could fight for pole position, and without the pitstop problems we had we would have been able to score two podiums easily. Okay, we had the problems, but we were able to score some points at least."
The other problem the team had was that most of the workload was thrust upon Lopez, who scored all of the team's points, owing to the relative inexperience of his teammate Fairuz Fauzy. Given his experience it's hard to remember Lopez is only 22, and it was a heavy load for the amiable Argentinean to wear.
Nonetheless he was relatively pleased with his year, and his trust in the team is absolute: "I want to come back here, because GP2 is very competitive and I'm still very young, to go into next year with my head high and then to win the championship."
Coloni Motorsport
Despite high hopes, a big investment in the team and a solid driver line up headed by a former Formula One driver Coloni's season flattered to deceive in 2005, with an initially strong start to the season falling away as problems struck and the year failed to go to plan.
The team's charismatic leader Paolo Coloni was confident in Gimmi Bruni's ability to win the title at the start of the season, saying of the driver: "I think he can win, yes, because he's the best driver, and we have done a really good job, so the only problem is reliability."
It was a prescient call - Gimmi rewarded his boss with a win in Barcelona and was in the hunt for the title during the early stages of the season, but reliability woes hit the team hard and Bruni lost a further two wins due to problems with his car. The frustrations of these problems created a rift between driver and team, and he left Coloni at Monza in a war of words.
A simple look at the championship table shows that Coloni did not score a point after Silverstone, although this discounts a number of problems that debilitated the team – as recently as Bahrain new driver Ferdinando Monfardini retired from a potential podium finish with a mechanical gremlin.
Nonetheless Coloni believes they team will push forward hunt next year: "We are making a big investment for next year, and we will be back – this is a strong series, and we know what we need to do."
BCN Competicion
Sometimes over the course of 2005 it seemed as though BCN were cursed; the team and their popular drivers Hiroki Yoshimoto and Ernesto Viso seemed to have a never-ending stream of bad luck, from which they were unable to find a way out.
"It's been very up and down," Ernesto noted at the end of the season. "I think we started in a very good position during testing, but as soon as the season started we got many, many things that mostly I think were bad luck, some of them the team's fault and some of them my fault. If you see the table I'm not in a very good position, but I proved that I can be quick because I set the fastest lap a couple of times, I've been in the front every time the car allowed me, and for me that was the important thing."
After the Venezuelan's two points for fastest lap in the first race, which he didn't finish, it took BCN eight races to trouble the scorers again, a string of results that is never going to going to help. However, towards the end of the season there were clear signs of improvement, with the team taking 19 of their 35 points in the final two weekends despite Yoshi's horrific accident in Spa.
And there could have been even more points but for a wrong call on tyres in race two in Istanbul. BCN held first and second in a rain affected rain but failed to bring their drivers in to change tyres, costing the team an almost certain one-two finish. "Turkey was a highlight," Yoshi later noted, "because I was on pole and it started to rain on the grid for ten minutes and stopped – by looking at the race it was probably the best race, although for me it turned into the worst ever!"
Despite the problems the team claimed four podiums, three of them in the final two weekends, pointing the way towards further improvement in the future.
DPR was the little team that could of the GP2 field in 2005 – despite having a less than extensive recent history in open wheel racing the plucky team in sky blue claimed two wins on their way to tenth in the championship, more than most of their more illustrious competitors.
The start of the season was disappointing for DPR, with a number of results slipping through their fingers due to a combination of bad luck, lack of experience and driver error. "I missed some really good results at the start of the season," Olivier Pla noted, "Barcelona and Monaco especially, and we missed them because of the set up of the car.
"It was the same in Magny Cours, Nurburgring, and even Silverstone in the beginning, although we found a good car and I won there and in Hockenheim. And in Hungary it was the first time there for me and for the team, so it wasn't too bad considering. But I should have won the race there, too."
Despite the problems DPR outperformed their modest ambitions at the start of the season, and their home win at Silverstone was an obvious highlight for the team. With a big investment on the way for 2006 the little team is looking for even bigger things in the new year.
Being last at the launch shoot out meant that Durango could only improve, and despite a number of problems throughout the year they did just that – Clivio Piccione won possibly the most exciting race of the year at the Nurburgring against strong competition, and Gimmi Bruni claimed pole position in Spa, two of the highlights in an up and down season for the likeable Italian team.
It was said that Durango had one of the best set up cars on the grid but were let down by a relatively inexperienced line up, but it is certain that car problems and driver errors combined to create a season that did not live up to expectation. But moments of promise still shone through – Ferdinando Monfardini had some strong performances in qualifying and did well in Monza, while Clivio was in line for a podium in Monaco and Silverstone before accidents put paid to his chances.
Uncertainty over the driver line up later in the season didn't really help the team, although Gimmi undoubtedly brought a wealth of experience to a team that needed it. In general this season has been a learning year for the team and their drivers, as Clivio acknowledged at the end of the season: "You learn more from mistakes than having good laps all the time, so I think I've improved a lot this year.
"It's been tough – we've had a lot of ups and downs, but we got a win and a fastest lap. I think we had a good car at every race we went to, but we didn't maximise it in qualifying, which is a bit of a shame. It's generally been tough, but I learnt a lot this year, and my aim is to bring all of this to next year, start on a high and then finish on a high."
Cast as the plucky underdogs at the start of the season, Campos lived up the reputation – while they may not have had the success of the other outfits they were certainly one of the most close knit teams, building a bond between drivers and team at least the equal of their more fancied rivals, and what they may have lacked in experience they more than made up for in spirit and exuberance.
Campos struggled to achieve much in the way of results – a combination of budgetary constraints and incredibly strong competition was never going to do them any favours in that respect – but nonetheless the team never dropped their heads and gave up, and their enthusiasm and commitment was and example to everyone.
The team's financial restrictions meant that the relatively inexperienced driver line up of Sergio Hernandez and Juan Cruz Alvarez had a tough fight on their hands, but it was a battle they were always willing to enter. Both drivers spent a number of races in potential points scoring positions, but both suffered more than their fair share of bad luck.
Juan Cruz in particular should be singled out in this respect. The gregarious Argentine lost six or seven podiums through no fault of his own, and anyone who watched him race could see that he is a potential star of the future. His strong results in Spa were scarce recompense for a string of extraordinary drives all year.
As ever, he still managed to put a shine on a season that would have crushed lesser drivers: "I have been fighting for podiums, I was fighting with the best drivers and the best teams, and maybe not with a perfect car. For me, for the experience, it was a good year, because I've learnt how to fight with a car that was not always the best."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl