Arbuscular rnycorrhizal fungi are an integral part of the root system of most plants and constitute an important group of organisms in the soil microbiol community. Pseudomonas fluorescence is a common bacterium in the rhizosphere. In the present study the interaction effects of these inoculants on biochemical constituents of the leaves and the enzyme activities of the roots are studied. It is concluded that inoculation of AM fungi with a PGPR organism Pseudomonas may very well contribute for increased leaf biomass which \ \ill result in improved economic value of the silkworm.


Science fiction was always a large part of my 'golden age' of reading as Michael Dirda once put it, and I find it's remained a large part of my adult life, too. I love it for its visions of the future. These prognostications are the essence of science fiction, even when they're layered with large helpings of action, adventure and romance. They point to what's possible, where the dangers lie, where human potentials can be fulfilled in ways unseen. They present a kaleidoscope of opportunities and pitfalls that haven't yet crystalised and may never do so. The crux of it being that we know the possibility exists. Science fiction often charts out the relationships between man, society and the unknown, and that has always been a very powerful impetus.
Kim Stanley Robinson's 2312 (2012) is just such a science fiction novel and one that comes close to eliciting the kind of wonder of my 'golden age' in this particular stage of my adult life. It's not the first to have done so and it won't be the last. It is, however, the most recent and impressive example in quite a long while.
2312 hits the cerebral front, but the effects do percolate down and quickly settle at a more primal level. Robinson is a particularly contemplative writer, keen on exploring the multitude of socio-economic and political nuances of his futures. This might partially explain my previous neglect of his works despite having enjoyed Icehenge and the Green Mars novella during my teens. Reading 2312 now felt like discovering Robinson anew. This time, I was ready to more fully appreciate what Robinson is capable of. And indeed, I find he's capable of a great deal.
The first thing that strikes the reader is the prose. It's not florid by any means, but Robinson seems to amalgamate figurative metaphors and scientific language with ease, a combination that consistently extracts a strong, poetic flavour. It's very impressive, and the images produced fix on the mind with force. The haunting, mythic landscape of Mercury that opens the novel stuns with its dangerous beauty. It's impossible not to feel in tune with those sun-walkers, insignificant specks as they are under the fierce and merciless gaze of a cosmological god. Robinson beckons the reader to give supplication and join them for a chance to bask in that treacherously effulgent glory. His use of language to describe natural environments strikes directly at the amygdala and engenders truly primal emotions. The impression one gets from the novel is of a mature writer in full command of his descriptive powers, yet also one who imbues his writing with an experienced and graceful sensitivity.
It's not just the language, of course. Not only does 2312 live up to the 'hard sf' label and then some, but it also has an interesting structure. The main narrative is interspersed with various, short interludes. These take the form of historical extracts, gorgeous primers on certain celestial bodies, and two other strange, re-occurring sections: passages labelled "lists" and stream-of-consciousness "quantum walks". The first extract sets the tone with a 'quick help' guide on terraforming asteroids, and the number of concepts this short piece introduces boggles the mind. These terraformed asteroids or "terraria" become taxis, ferrying people to-and-fro between the closest approach to the sun possible (at a scorching 0.1 AU) to the far reaches of the system at unbelievable speeds. The terraria are more than just technological marvels. The methodology and aesthetics utilised in their construction and terraforming opens up whole new avenues of possibilities in the sciences and arts. And this is what Robinson really seems to excel at. That is, introducing quite a comprehensive set of ideas and technological breakthroughs that together illuminate the sum total of man's achievements. It's not about concentrating on a few ideas, however clever, that could limit vision. It's a holistic approach that works especially well via the various historical excerpts, "looking backward" to an earlier time as Bellamy did with his utopian treatise.
It's the aggregate vision that staggers. The protagonist journeys through the settled system to personally deliver messages in deference to the wishes of her recently deceased relative. This journey allows Robinson to paint stunning vistas of space-faring, nearly post-scarcity societies. These stretch from a Lagrange point between Sol and Mercury to beyond Saturn, even to isolated settlements as far out as the Kuiper Belt. Robinson outlines the complexities of these societies, from governing bodies and market systems to eugenics, the behavioural psychology of space-faring humans and some truly epic terraforming endeavours. These sketches are not lackadaisical efforts, but serious, more rigorous attempts and explained gently for the most part. The straightforward journey even reveals a mystery at its heart, the repercussions of which could affect the balance of power between space-faring blocs and Earth.
And poor Earth, now the perennial sick man of space. While other societies in the system surge with technological advancement and prosper, Earth wallows in self-pity, mired in a plurality of old tensions, conflicts and suspicions from which it seems unable to extract itself. Now, it suffers from steep environmental decline. It's a sad scenario for a sad planet that was too myopic to muster itself and plan for the future.
Robinson, though, seems a far-sighted author. As he brings to awareness man's potential achievements in space, he hones in on the ineluctable ties to the home planet and the need for a solution to the factious nature of communities on Earth. This is of the utmost necessity if whatever cumulative progress that has been achieved is not only to be maintained but to be truly taken to the next level. He leaves no doubt that human society attempting to subsist independently without any interaction with Earth is a fanciful idea, at best.
In practical terms, Earth is necessary for its all-important soil and gravity-well. In psychological and societal terms, those who leave Earth carry outward from the fons et origo any and all existing disorders. Robinson's point is that the total consciousness of humanity must find some measure of harmony before new paths can be paved for forward movement. His attempt to look at this problem from comprehensive, multiple angles is admirable in what is a very humane work.
Despite this dizzying scope, some concerns with the novel do become apparent. For one thing, the plot almost feels like an afterthought. It occasionally seems an excuse to tour the system, but it's cohesive enough to serve its purpose. Still, the story might periodically feel as if it's moving in fits and starts, a measured docudrama with elements of a mystery-thriller thrown in where Robinson presents what could be the most understated and odd romance one is ever likely to encounter. Then add rogue quantum-computers, an ingenious method to commit mass murder, and stir vigorously. Now, some readers insist on a gripping, rapid pace. There are a couple such moments in 2312, and while Robinson does manage a substantial amount of narrative tension throughout, the pace is measured for the most part.
Robinson's large-canvas approach can also be problematic for some. Occasionally, it feels too large, as if he's inundating the reader with more variables than one can possibly cope with in just a single reading. Many genre novels often rely on a reductive type of complexity that allows an easy coherence to shine through. 2312 is truly complex, exploring the effects of multiple crises and colonisation efforts on humanity through the vicissitudes of three centuries. Very impressive, very commendable. Yet, this big-picture approach does tend to mar the aforementioned coherence to some extent, requiring greater enterprise on the reader's part to consolidate the narrative's various elements but, ultimately, all the more satisfying for it.
Readers generally spoiled by an over-abundance of sentiment in character depictions might also struggle. The female protagonist is particularly difficult to empathise with. Her 'mercurial' nature renders her inscrutable for the most part. Yet, her child-like caprice acts as a good balance for the 'saturnine' male lead's eternal quest for that perfect "pseudoiterative". Their polarised personalities seem a metaphorical and rather intricate representation for humanity's psyche in which they both struggle for optimal self-expression. Robinson illustrates this brilliantly through a recurring musical motif that ends up being one of the highlights of the novel. The whistling and discussion of Beethoven's various symphonies is a fantastic analogy that showcases the fractured status quo existing between Spacers and Earth yet also pinpoints the strong potential for rapprochement. While Robinson's handling of characters isn't highly emotive, it is subtle and even a little contrary, and this works well. There is a great deal to admire in this subdued, spare treatment where appreciation for and bemusement with the protagonists can coexist in a pleasing equilibrium. It's a skilful writer who can present characters as sympathetic, even romantic, whilst abstaining from unnecessary sentimentality and without needing to delineate every thought-process.
As I've already indicated, the multitude of topics Robinson delves into is enormous. There is a gendered revolution rooted in practicalities, an ambitious attempt to express the cognitive processes of AI, immense-scale terraforming techniques, the evolving nature of art and family, and more. Yet, most impressive is his nuanced approach to these various themes and how he intertwines them, illuminating multiple directions where potential solutions to untangle this Gordian Knot that is humanity might lie. One solution that Robinson showcases with regards to an aspect of Earth's impoverished state is jaw-droppingly audacious, a vision that mesmerises. It's not surprising that this work won the Nebula Award. It has the requisite gravitas. It presents a range of those opportunities and pitfalls mentioned earlier to ask an essential question that so characterises science fiction: what do we want to be and how might we become it?
In the end, the outlook Robinson paints is one of optimism, despite the cautionary caveats. It's a plausible future, and some of its more transgressive features oddly render it all the more believable. If asked about an ideal setting, my immediate answer has been consistent for over a decade: Banks' Culture society. It's difficult to think of a setting that is more devoid of toil and struggle, especially for the every-man. It outstrips every other wish-fulfilment milieu in existence. But I know that to be the purest fantasy, an exercise in advanced self-gratification that is some sort of approximate, inchoate goal and, at one easily approachable extreme, nothing more than a playground for selfishly indulgent thought experiments. The Culture is grounded upon a relativistic philosophy that, for all the innumerable satisfactions it provides to an unrestrained, voraciously craving id, ultimately leads to a stagnation of the human spirit. It robs the individual of animus and agency in exchange for a lifetime of sensual pleasure and ease. Robinson's future, which he outlines with such meticulous foresight, is one which inspires a cautious faith. A major attraction is his celebration of the work ethic that ameliorates the lassitude and apathy a nearly post-scarcity society can confer on the individual. Within a context of plausible realism, the wonders presented seem unbelievable, but Robinson wrings that faith out of you as if to say: Yes, this could come to pass in three hundred years. That is, if we get our priorities right, and with a good mixture of luck and initiative so as to avoid the obstacles outlined.
Robinson has written a fiercely contemplative work. It's an understated thriller that presents its mystery in terms of a big-budget, visual blockbuster whilst also illuminating some of the socio-political and cultural tensions of our own antipodean times. The novel employs well-founded speculations on the state of a space-faring civilisation that is underscored by seemingly cutting-edge scientific knowledge and expertise from a diverse range of other fields. The inspired imaginings and 'hard sf' sensibilities really take you on a wild and thought-provoking ride, "there and back again." Ultimately, 2312 is a journey that aims to conceptualise, potentially, some measure of harmony and closure for the human spirit and succeeds quite admirably in that endeavour, leaving you with an afterglow of awe, wonder and a tentative optimism.
I originally saw this video a little over a year ago and was immediately struck by how it brought into sharp focus the optimistic futures that Arthur C. Clarke and Carl Sagan envisioned (reminding me of Iain M. Banks, as well). After having read 2312, I now realise that Robinson's novel must have been a major (if not the major) inspiration for Wernquist, because the beautiful video renders almost perfectly certain scenes from the novel.


As databases evolve, learning how to get the best out of the different solutions out there is the key to understanding and extracting the data in the way you need from your required data store. Document databases, like MongoDB, CouchDB, Couchbase Server and many others provide a completely different model and set of problems for interfacing and extracting data.
You need to be able to understand your structure, how you can query the information, and how to perform different data mining techniques on what is very obviously a completely different structure of information.
In this article, I try to take you through the basics of data mining when using a document database.


How can I purchase a REO (bank owned property)?
Purchasing a REO is simple. Once you find one you want, you submit your offer through a real estate agent along with your pre approval letter or proof of funds (if paying cash) along with any addendums the bank requires.
It's not unusual to get an answer in less then a week, with closing in 30-45 days (sooner if paying cash).
What condition are bank owned homes in?
Some are in pristine shape, some are torn to pieces. You should have a home inspection so you'll know what you are getting into!
What kind of loan can I get for a bank owned home?
You can go conventional/FHA or with a VA loan, all according to the condition of the property and what the buyer qualifies for. Most go with an FHA loan (3.5%) down. FHA offers fixer upper loans that provide funds to repair damaged home. The Streamline K loan allows for up to 35k in repairs.


Artist Statement At Junior Scholars, we want these prints to show how the cars should be seen. To show these cars back on the road, with the wind blowing and the clear sky above. We understand that not all of us are able to own, drive, or even get a chance to stand beside them. These images are our way of connecting with these cars.
These cars are like rolling sculptures that turn heads as they roll by. The metal beasts stand strong with clean lines, chrome on the bumpers and rounded body panels. We want everyone to share a piece of automotive history with the generations to come and to inspire creative minds.
Junior Scholars. Keep it Simple.


Digital Barriers will be providing its live facial recognition software, SmartVis Face, for free to all national and local authorities and agencies in the UK involved in the search for missing young people.
As featured in a July 20 episode of BBC Newsnight, SmartVis Face is the company's new automatic facial recognition system that has been built around machine learning.
The software was initially designed to track criminals and terror suspects against watch lists of several thousands of people.
Last week, Digital Barriers released facial recognition system SmartVis Identifier, which the company said is intended for use in body worn law enforcement cameras.
The company said many people have inquired how SmartVis facial recognition can be used outside of crime-based law enforcement, such as in the search for missing young people passing through major towns and cities.
SmartVis Face is a non-conformant technology that works on standard cameras and hardware, including smartphones, which reduces costs and is unaffected by changing lighting and environmental conditions.
The technology can be used to match faces against lists of missing young people by targeting key public spaces such as railway and bus stations.
The system sends alerts informing relevant agencies and authorities when vulnerable young people are spotted walking through these locations.
Digital Barriers will also provide SmartVis for use on smartphones, enabling authorities to check vulnerable young people against lists of those who have been reported as missing.
Doffman said that the company will also make smartphone licences freely available, as well as engage with the suppliers of cameras and processing hardware to convince them to donate equipment to aid in the search for young people.
The SmartVis Face technology is now available for use via standard smartphones, body-worn cameras and CCTV cameras.
Combined with Digital Barriers' mobile live streaming solution, EdgeVis, it makes streaming from these devices both operationally and financially viable.


And even though it seems a bit late to be posting goals for 2018 now that we're a month in, it's still January so whatever, I'm doing it.
Submit to the Northern Writers Awards by 1st February (this one is ALREADY almost complete, given that I – thankfully – made no specifications as to quality or finesse of said submission).
Submit to The Bath Children's Novel Award and the Times/Chicken House Children's Fiction Competition later in the year.
Keep an eye out for other opportunities to apply for.
Try to be less angry / jealous / frustrated / saddened by the current absence of success.
Don't rush so much – the publishing industry isn't going anywhere, they'll still be rejecting people in a year or two's time.
This entry was posted in Actually Useful, Just Rambling, Uncategorized and tagged advice, new project, update, writing by beckyorwin29. Bookmark the permalink.
DO NOT GIVE UP! You will take them by storm, you'll see!


Posted on July 20, 2015 July 25, 2015 by admin1234!
"Twerk it Like Miley" Parody: This song goes out to all the brown Filipinos out there. Be proud of the skin you're in!
This entry was posted in Filipino Parody, Trending Topics, Trending Video, Twerk It Like Miley and tagged Filipino Parody, Have A Brown Body, Mikey Bustos, Mocha Boys, Twerk It Like Miley Filipino Parody | I Have A Brown Body, WATCH : Twerk It Like Miley. Bookmark the permalink.


Motives Cosmetics offers an assortment of training for Motives Beauty Advisors, Pro-Artists, and Motives and Me Teens. Please use the contact form at the bottom of this page if you would like me to look up training near you.
A minimum of four hours, open to all distributors and guests. This class covers product knowledge of Motives by Loren Ridinger and Motives for La La cosmetics. Students will see demonstrations on how to use each product, how to conduct a customer consultation and how to sell the products.
This class teaches the importance of having the right mindset and attitude, goals, developing a plan of action; and expanding distribution by building teams of Beauty Advisors and/or UnFranchise Owners.
This class covers how to conduct a customer consultation, basic understanding of the skin, skin types and skin conditions. This training is an overview of all of our skin care lines and products – Lumière de Vie, Cellular Laboratories, Timeless Prescription, Skintelligence, Fixx and special care products.
A four hour class for distributors and guests to learn how to create perfect customized liquid foundation and why our custom liquid foundation is so unique. The class will focus on the art of consultation, color theory, how to make a Custom Blend and how to make money with Custom Blend. This is a complete training, demonstrating Motives Custom Blend liquid foundations. It is a hands-on training for Distributors to learn and practice blending formulas and building confidence, gaining the ability to conduct successful Custom Blend consultations and clinics.
A four hour class for distributors and guests to learn how to create perfect customized mineral powder and why our custom mineral powders are unique. The class will focus on the art of consultation, color theory, how to make a Custom Blend and how to make money with Custom Blend. This is a complete training, demonstrating Motives Custom Mineral Powders. It is a hands-on training for Distributors to learn and practice blending formulas and building confidence, gaining the ability to conduct successful Custom Blend consultations and clinics.
Please contact me using the form below and I will be happy to locate training in your state.
I received your new request for information on training near you. Please email me your address to that I can look up the training in your state.
I'm looking for training in the Atlanta area.
I just checked our National Meeting Training and Seminar System. There are no Motives training showing up in the next couple of months in Atlanta. I will be sure to let you know as soon as I see that another has been scheduled.
How did you hear about Motives Cosmetics? Have you tried any of our products yet? If you are not already working with somebody else I can put you in touch with somebody from my Atlanta team.
Any classes near chicago? Or any in the US willing to travel!
I've emailed you a schedule of upcoming training within a 1 hour drive of Chicago.
I just emailed you an upcoming training schedule.
I will send you a few email right now and also get you in touch with my team in Las Vegas so that you can meet up with them.
Can you tell me if there's any training in the northern Virginia area. I live in Centreville, VA.
I emailed you back last week with the training schedule near your location.
Any classes in Miami, Fl?
I emailed you some information regarding South Florida training.
There are some training coming up in Ft. Lauderdale on May 18th. Nothing on the calendar in West Palm Beach in the short term. I emailed you the list of upcoming classes.
I am sorry. I just searched the system and there are no Motives specific training coming up in Indiana. If you are near a state border, I would be happy to check in a neighboring state for you.
I just checked, and unfortunately, there is nothing on the schedule for the next few months in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, or Michigan. We have our International Convention in Greensboro, NC in a month and more than likely the trainers are all focused on their travel arrangements. They will teach all 5 of the classes in Greensboro after the convention on August 10th and 11th.
If you have another state that you are interested in I would be happy to search there as well.
hi could u pls tell ,is there any upcoming event in New Jersey .
Yes. There are some training coming up in NJ. I will email a listing of them directly.
Hi I would like to become a distributor for Kenya as I travel there very often but I live in Dallas , is this possible to do ?
I would like to discuss this with you in more detail. We do not have operations in Kenya, however, you could register here. Then, you could service your customers in Kenya through the global web site that comes with your distributorship. We do deliver to Kenya when orders are placed through the global site. OR, we also have a partnership with another company that would allow you to place orders on the US web site to have them delivered to a US address where they will be forwarded to Kenya for a small additional charge.
I emailed you some information on training in Australia.
I emailed you some information about the Motives Cosmetics business opportunity. Please reply to my email with your address and I'll also be happy to look up some Motives Cosmetics training near you.
I am interested in making extra income, are there any upcoming motives training classes in the Philadelphia area?
I emailed you a list of training in your state. Please write back if you are interested in more details.
I sent you several email with information about partnering with Motives and also on upcoming training. All of the email bounced though as the email address that you provided is incorrect. Please message me your correct email address and I will be happy to resend them.


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With the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ now over, the Copa Libertadores returns this week with the first legs of the eight Round-of-16 ties.
The current competition is notable for the fact that no fewer than 13 of the sides who have reached the knockout phase are former winners of the tournament. They include defending champions Gremio and the two most successful sides in Copa Libertadores history: Independiente with seven tournament wins, and Boca Juniors with six.
The winners of this year's competition will represent South America at the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018.
This is the first time since the Round of 16 was introduced (in 1989, 28 editions ago) that each tie features at least one former winner of the competition.
The 13 Libertadores champions still in contention have lifted the trophy 35 times between them, out of the 58 occasions on which the competition has been held to date.
Of those 13, only five have won the tournament in a World Cup year: Santos in 1962, Estudiantes in 1970, Independiente in 1974, Boca Juniors in 1978, and River Plate in 1986.
All six Brazilian teams and all six Argentinian sides that contested the group phase have advanced to the last 16.
In stark contrast, Uruguay's representatives, who have won the trophy eight times between them, all failed to make the last 16, the first time this has happened since 2012.
Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela have no teams left in this year's competition either.
Fact: Gremio are aiming to become the first side to retain the Copa Libertadores title since Boca Juniors in 2001.
Fact: This tie is a repeat of the 2017 Brazilian Cup final, when the men from Belo Horizonte won on penalties.
Fact: Eduardo Villalba, Libertad's recently appointed coach, was a semi-finalist with El Gumarelo in 1979.
Fact: the only Chilean team ever to win the Libertadores, Colo Colo are in the last 16 for the first time in 11 years.
Fact: Of the 13 former champions still in the hunt for this year's title, Racing have gone the longest without winning the competition. Their one and only Copa Libertadores triumph came 50 years ago.
Fact: Atletico Nacional's Argentinian coach Jorge Almiron guided Lanus to last year's final.
Fact: this tie promises plenty, with the team with the best record of the group winners taking on the best second-placed side.
Fact: the most decorated side in the history of the competition, Independiente have reached the Round of 16 for the first time in 23 years.


text:
Challenge: Share your mom lessons
Best Lesson from Mom? HANDLE IT.
Published by Jill Simonian on April 17, 2015
The other day my adorable almost-5 year old wandered into the kitchen (as I was writing a blogpost, ha) and started crying about how she couldn't find her babydoll Mila. I knew for a fact that Mila was laying on top of my daughter's bed in a pile of naked Barbies, disheveled mermaids and fuzzy bears. I knew this because I'd just seen Mila relaxing there in that mosh pit about 5 minutes ago when I had to do a panty-change on my potty-training 3 year old.
"Go look for her..." I told my girl with a smile. "I bet you can find her. Check your bed."
"Noooo!!!!!! " (whining continuing) "I can't find her. Come find her. You need to do it."
There was no way I was going to shlep myself to her bedroom to find a babydoll when I knew she'd see it the second she walked back in there.
"Go find her," I repeated (like a terrible mother now) "Look for her. She's there. HANDLE IT."
Ahhhh... the "H" word. My mind flashed back to when I was 21 and competing for the title of Miss California (Miss America). I called my mom crying after the big talent category dress rehearsal. You see, I'd sang my song and didn't feel like I did it 'good enough' and it was, like, THE most important thing in the world to me to ace that talent category because talent was 'my thing'... so naturally a call to my mom would make all things better forever and ever amen.
I remember dialing the brick of a block cell phone (this was 1999, people) from the theater lobby with my local pageant director at my side... wanting my mommy's golden therapy. I sobbed like a baby on the phone "I just didn't feel like I did it good enough... I could've done it better... what if I'm not good when I sing it tonight [in competition]..." I whined on and on.
Her most appropriate words: "Jill -- HANDLE IT. Because if you can't handle this competition, then I am going to drive myself down to the theater right now and you're going to quit RIGHT NOW. You are good enough. You wanted to do this, so suck it up and HANDLE IT." Then she asked to talk to my pageant director. I handed him the phone. Thanks to 1999 cell phone technology, I could hear her voice blasting through from 3 feet away. "If she cries one more time, you call me and I am coming to pick her up. Tell her to stop the tears now and HANDLE IT."
So I did. I won the talent competition that night.
Handle it. The best words my mom has ever said to me. (And she's said them a lot.) Aside from her constant friendship, most incredible pep talks, practical discipline and unmeasurable support over my lifetime, my mom maintained a most consistent and motivating message with my sister and I: We could handle anything that life throws us. Including talent competitions in beauty pageants.
Don't expect sympathy, don't expect honey-darling-oh-how-can-I-fix-this-for-you, don't expect anything that won't kick you in the butt in the most inspiring way.
Mom! How am I supposed to cook dinner when I have a newborn? Handle it. (Translation: You can.)
Mom! How am I supposed to submit this application [for a job] when I don't even have time to open my mail with my two toddlers running amuck? Handle it. (Translation: You can.)
Mom! How am I supposed to... [fill-in-the-blank here]?
You get my point.
The most practical, life-changing, greatest gift my mom has given my sister and I is the ability to think ahead, figure things out and help ourselves. We are capable. We are smart. We can handle it. Because she told us we could... and still tells us we can.
And, even though they're still very young, so can my girls... I just have to remind them.
(And yes, my preschooler did find her doll. Right where I knew it was.)
Jill Simonian
Jill Simonian is TV/media host/contributor, blogger & author with more than 200 on-air parenting/lifestyle segments to her credit. Her debut book for first-time pregnancy, The FAB Mom's Guide: How to Get Over the Bump & Bounce Back Fast After Baby is available now. TheFabMom.com details Jill's tips to keep life as focused as possible after babies (f-a-b). She writes for several parenting websites & lives in Los Angeles with her husband & daughters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Industry News • By Seyma Albarino On 2 Nov 2020
American Translators Association Elects 3 New Board Directors
On October 23, 2020, the American Translators Association (ATA) welcomed three newly elected Board Directors, Veronika Demichelis, Lorena Ortiz Schneider, and Robert Sette. They join six other Board Directors and will serve from 2020 to 2023.
"What an honor!" English–Russian translator Demichelis tweeted in response to the announcement.
The news comes as ATA wraps up its 61st annual conference; which, given the pandemic, was held online. (The 2021 conference is currently slated to take place in Minneapolis, MN.)
In addition to being elected a Board Director, longtime Spanish linguist Ortiz Schneider also received the 2020 ATA Impact Award in recognition of her work on behalf of translators and interpreters (T&Is) in California.
Ortiz Schneider founded the Coalition of Practicing Translators and Interpreters of California (CoPTIC) in response to AB5, the "gig worker" bill that inadvertently resulted in California-based language professionals losing work to competitors in other states. (California T&Is won an exemption to AB5 in August 2020.)
Slator caught up with Sette, who is ATA-certified to translate from French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish into English, for his take on the election, virtual conference, and the group's future goals.
Sette made a bid for the Board of Directors via a write-in election in October 2019. His campaign was prompted by the Board's decision not to hold a membership vote on "decoupling," the practice of allowing non-members to become ATA-certified without having to join the organization.
Ultimately, decoupling was one of two amendments to the bylaws, which ATA members voted on in October 2020. Sette noted that the measure failed "narrowly" — of 825 votes cast, the proposal needed 550 votes to pass, but received only 531.
"Regardless of the results of the decoupling vote, the discussion revealed deep divisions within the Association," Sette said. "I firmly believe that we need an independently-moderated strategic planning process to determine our priorities, to determine where the ATA bus is going, so to speak."
Members also voted to require an internal committee to nominate at least two candidates for election to each ATA officer position. Sette explained that the President-elect, Secretary, and Treasurer are three of the 12 voting members of the ATA Board, who vote on every matter that comes before the Board. "I believe that members deserve a choice when voting for officers," Sette said, adding that "they should not run unopposed year after year, in my opinion."
ATA is headed by Ted Wozniak, President; Madalena Sánchez, President-Elect; Karen Tkaczyk, Secretary; and John Milan, Treasurer. The rest of the Board Directors are Eve Bodeux Lafayette, Alaina Brandt, Melinda Gonzalez-Hibner, Jamie Hartz, Cristina Helmerichs, and Meghan Konkol.
American Translators Association ATA Lorena Ortiz Schneider Robert Sette Veronika Demichelis


Today's financial calendar is thin but focus will be on the ISM non-manufacturing index for August. Yesterday we saw a sharp increase in the UK PMI service index which jumped from 47.6 to 52.9 back to pre-Brexit levels. Overnight, RBA left rates unchanged, which resulted to AUD/USD maintaining this week's gains.
Currencies: EUR/USD is one of the weakest major currencies this week ahead of the ECB policy decision where expectations as to the announcement of additional stimulus is divided. Overall the USD trimmed some losses versus other major currencies in a quiet trading session, even though Friday's bad NFP data, pressured initially the USD. The disappointing data lowered chanced for a near term rate hike, as FED officials indicated that the pace of interest rate increases will depend on data.
Stocks: US stocks were closed on Monday for Labor day. Asian shares traded narrowly along with Australia down and Nikkei as well as Shanghai slightly higher at 0.19% and 0.02% respectively.
Oil and Gold: Crude oil jumped yesterday after an announcement from Saudi Arabian and Russia said that they would certainly set up a working group to monitor the oil market and come up along with recommendations to promote stability. On Friday, crude settled 3% higher after Russian President Vladimir Putin said that an agreement between major oil exporters to freeze output would certainly be the right decision to support the market. Gold continued to build on its gains ever since touching $1308 Support Level on Friday. In thin holiday trading, gold prices were trading at $1330, up more than $20 since the release of NFP.
The write-up Bullet Report: Why OIL Jumped 5% Yesterday appeared initial on Forex.Info.


text:
Q: Will GetPath() work for this? I basically want to get the outline for a character. I was wondering how I could do this without drawing to the DC. Could I do something like this: (Psudocodeishly)
BeginPath()
TextOut("H")
EndPath()
GetPath()
Will something like this work for GetPath? Will it return the glyph outline that I can then draw?
Otherwise, how else could I do this (without freetype)
Thanks

A: If you want to get a glyph outline, why not just use GetGlyphOutline? There's the theoretical limitation that this is limited to TrueType fonts, but given the percentage of other fonts typically used on Windows, that's rarely a concern...
Edit: Yes, if you want to avoid using GetGlyphOutline, using a path instead will work (though only with TrueType fonts, not bitmapped fonts). The sample code included with the documentation for CDC::BeginPath shows how to do exactly what you seem to be after (though I'd strongly recommend using std::vector instead of new[] and delete[] as it does). One minor detail: that sample includes an implementation of PolyDraw. You'd only need (or want) this if you need to support ancient 16-bit versions of Windows -- all NT-based versions of Windows include it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ASTM International - ASTM C1326-13(2018)
Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
Publication Date: 1 January 2018
ICS Code (Advanced ceramics): 81.060.30
5.1 For advanced ceramics, Knoop indenters are used to create indentations. The surface projection of the long diagonal is measured with optical microscopes.
5.2 The Knoop indentation... View More
5.2 The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize advanced ceramics. Attempts have been made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.
5.3 For advanced ceramics, the Knoop indentation is often preferred to the Vickers indentation since the Knoop long diagonal length is 2.8 times longer than the Vickers diagonal for the same force, and cracking is much less of a problem (1).5 On the other hand, the long slender tip of the Knoop indentation is more difficult to precisely discern, especially in materials with low contrast. The indentation forces chosen in this test method are designed to produce indentations as large as may be possible with conventional microhardness equipment, yet not so large as to cause cracking.
5.4 The Knoop indentation is shallower than Vickers indentations made at the same force. Knoop indents may be useful in evaluating coating hardnesses.
5.5 Knoop hardness is calculated from the ratio of the applied force divided by the projected indentation area on the specimen surface. It is assumed that the elastic springback of the narrow diagonal is negligible. (Vickers indenters are also used to measure hardness, but Vickers hardness is calculated from the ratio of applied force to the area of contact of the four faces of the undeformed indenter.)
5.6 A full hardness characterization includes measurements over a broad range of indentation forces. Knoop hardness of ceramics usually decreases with increasing indentation size or indentation force such as that shown in Fig. 1.6 The trend is known as the indentation size effect (ISE). Hardness approaches a plateau constant hardness at sufficiently large indentation size or forces (loads). The test forces that are needed to achieve a constant hardness vary with the ceramic. The test force specified in this standard is intended to be sufficiently large that hardness is either close to or on the plateau, but not so large as to introduce excessive cracking. A comprehensive characterization of the ISE is recommended but is beyond the scope of this test method which measures hardness at a single, designated force.
FIG. 1 A Typical Indentation Size Effect (ISE) Curve for a Ceramic (The data shown are for NIST SRM 2830 silicon nitride)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of advanced ceramics. In this test, a pointed, rhombic-based, pyramidal diamond indenter of prescribed shape is pressed into the surface of a ceramic with a predetermined force to produce a relatively small, permanent indentation. The surface projection of the long diagonal of the permanent indentation is measured using a light microscope. The length of the long diagonal and the applied force are used to calculate the Knoop hardness which represents the material's resistance to penetration by the Knoop indenter.
1.3 Units-When Knoop and Vickers hardness tests were developed, the force levels were specified in units of grams-force (gf) and kilograms-force (kgf). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in newtons (N) and length in mm or μm. However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in gf and kgf units are occasionally provided for information. This test method specifies that Knoop hardness be reported either in units of GPa or as a dimensionless Knoop hardness number.
ASTM C1326-13(2018)
5.1 For advanced ceramics, Knoop indenters are used to create indentations. The surface projection of the long diagonal is measured with optical microscopes. 5.2 The Knoop indentation hardness is...
ASTM C1326-13
For advanced ceramics, Knoop indenters are used to create indentations. The surface projection of the long diagonal is measured with optical microscopes. The Knoop indentation hardness is one of...
ASTM C1326-08e1
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of advanced ceramics. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated...


text:
Domestic Violence: How to Get Help
Download "Domestic Violence: How to Get Help"
Tyrone Lambert
1 f a m i l y v i o l e n c e a n d c h i l d a b u s e b u r e a u new york county district attorney s office Domestic Violence: How to Get Help cyrus r. vance, jr. district attorney
2 questions and answers Dear Friends, Every year, 6 million people are victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence can involve physical, verbal, emotional, economic, or sexual abuse. The abuser may be your husband, wife, domestic partner, boyfriend, girlfriend, parent, child or any other household or family member. I hope this brochure will be helpful to you. Sincerely, Cyrus R. Vance, Jr. cyrus r. vance, jr. district attorney I am afraid. Can you help me? You are not alone. There are many resources available to help you. The New York County District Attorney s Office investigates and prosecutes thousands of domestic violence cases each year. This brochure will assist you in understanding the criminal justice system and how it handles domestic violence cases. I want the abuse to stop. What should I do? Call 911 for immediate help. If you are unable to do so, you should go to the police station nearest to where the abuse has occurred. If you have suffered an injury, you should seek medical attention and have photographs of your injuries taken. Remember, any evidence of the abuse, such as broken furniture, torn clothing, damaged cell phone and any type of messages (voice mail, text, or ), are helpful in the investigation and prosecution of your case. My abuser has been arrested. What happens now? After arrest, the abuser will appear before a judge. This process is called an arraignment. An attorney will represent the abuser, and an Assistant District Attorney will represent the People of the State of New York. The case against the abuser is brought in the name of the People of the State of New York, not your name. At arraignment, the judge can either set bail, hold the abuser in jail without bail, or release the abuser, who must then return to court on a future date. Usually the abuser is arraigned within 24 hours of his or her arrest. CAUTION: The abuser may be released at any time after arraignment.
3 questions and answers questions and answers What do you mean my abuser can be released? Don t I get any protection? At arraignment, the Assistant District Attorney can ask the judge to issue an order of protection. An order of protection is a court order that instructs the abuser to refrain from having any contact with you whatsoever. In addition, it can order him or her to refrain from certain conduct, including harassing, intimidating, threatening, assaulting, or stalking you. If the abuser violates the order of protection, he or she can be re-arrested. Now that I have this order of protection, how safe am I? An order of protection cannot guarantee your safety. Therefore, it is important to have a safety plan. Our Office can assist you in obtaining court-related information and social services to help provide for your safety and ease any emotional trauma. Our Witness Aid Services Unit and our Northern Manhattan Office located on 125th Street will help you with: Developing a safety plan, Obtaining case information, Arranging to speak with the Assistant District Attorney assigned to your case, Obtaining a copy of the order of protection issued in your case, Referrals to domestic violence shelters, Individual or group counseling, Referrals for children exposed to domestic violence, Referrals to organizations with expertise in family court and/or immigration matters, Help with public assistance applications, Transportation to and from court, Advocacy with other agencies on your behalf, and A cell phone for emergency 911 use (applies to high-risk situations). Can you still help me, if I don t want the abuser arrested? In order to proceed in Criminal Court you must have a criminal case. You also have the option to file a petition in Family Court when a family offense has been committed against you. You can request an order of protection in Family Court. However, Family Court is a civil court, and a proceeding will not result in a criminal record for the abuser. In order to proceed in Family Court, you and the abuser must: be related by blood, or be legally married, or be formerly married, or have a child in common, or be or have been in an intimate relationship. For more information regarding Family Court proceedings, contact: Manhattan Family Court 60 Lafayette Street New York, NY For general information about Family Court in any of the five boroughs of New York City:
4 new york police department new york police department (continued) New York City Resources and Services for Victims of Domestic Violence The NYPD has a domestic violence unit in every precinct in New York City. Officers in this unit are specially trained to handle domestic violence cases. Call your local precinct to speak with the domestic violence officer. If you are in immediate danger, call st Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct Central Park Precinct rd Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct th Precinct nd Precinct rd Precinct th Precinct th Precinct Midtown South Precinct th Precinct NYPD Housing Domestic Violence Unit Midtown North Precinct th Precinct th Precinct Police Service Area # Police Service Area # Police Service Area #
5 important numbers important numbers (continued) Domestic Violence Resources Barrier Free Living, Inc (voice/tty hotline) Provides services to disabled domestic violence victims, including advocacy, individual counseling, support groups, skills training, shelter referrals and help in obtaining orders of protection. Services are available citywide in English, Spanish and Sign Language. Manhattan Legal Services, Domestic Violence Project , Provides victims of domestic violence with legal representation in Family Court (for custody, visitation, and child support matters) and help in obtaining orders of protection. Services are available in English and Spanish. New York Asian Women s Center (24-Hour Hotline) , Provides crisis intervention, safe shelter, counseling, advocacy, and community education with specific consideration to unique issues faced by Asian battered women. Services are available in English, Chinese, Hindi, and other Asian languages or dialects. New York City Anti-Violence Project (24-Hour Hotline), Provides services to gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender victims, including counseling, advocacy for legal issues, support groups, and community education. Northern Manhattan Improvement Corporation , Provides domestic violence victims with crisis counseling, shelter/housing assistance, court accompaniment, referrals and legal services. Services are available in English and Spanish. Sanctuary for Families, Inc , Provides domestic violence victims and their children with shelter/housing assistance, counseling, advocacy, referrals, support groups and legal services. Services are available in English, Spanish, French, and other languages. CONNECT Legal Advocacy Program , Provides domestic violence victims with advocacy for criminal and family court issues, shelter, public assistance and immigration. Services are available in Spanish and English. Violence Intervention Program , Provides domestic violence victims with crisis counseling, advocacy, support groups, community education, referrals, and shelter. Services are available in English and Spanish. New York City Domestic Violence 24-Hour Hotline , (TDD) New York State Hotlines English: (voice), (TTY) Spanish: (voice), (TTY) Please note this resource list is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a recommendation of any of the specific services provided by the programs. This brochure does not list every domestic violence resource available in New York City.
6 your case information Docket/Indictment Number *NYSID Number Assistant District Attorney Assigned Assistant District Attorney s Telephone Number Victim Advocate s Name Victim Advocate s Telephone Number Counselor s Name * The NYSID (New York State Identification) number is necessary in order to use the VINE Program. The VINE Program is a free 24-hour hotline that provides victims with information regarding release dates for inmates in the custody of the New York City Department of Correction and New York State Department of Correctonal Services. For more information, please call
7 New York County District Attorney s Office Family Violence and Child Abuse Bureau 80 Centre Street 4th Floor New York, NY (TTY) Northern Manhattan Office Located in the Harlem State Office Building 163 West 125th Street 7th Floor New York, NY Witness Aid Services Unit 100 Centre Street Room 231 New York, NY Website
New York County District Attorney s Office Family Violence and Child Abuse Bureau 80 Centre Street 4th Floor New York, NY 10013 212-335-4300 212-335-9500 (tty) Northern Manhattan Office Located in the
Sexual Assault and the Criminal Justice System
New York County District Attorney s Office Sex Crimes Prosecution Unit One Hogan Place Room 666 New York, NY 10013 212-335-9373 Lisa Friel, Chief Northern Manhattan Office Located in the Harlem State Office
Services for Crime Victims, Witnesses, and their Families
witness aid services unit Downtown Office 100 Centre Street Room 231 New York, NY 10013 212-335-9040 212-335-9500 (tty) Northern Manhattan Office 163 West 125th Street Room 733 New York, NY 10027 212-864-7884
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Original Date of Issue: 1/86 Patient Population Neonate Pediatric Reviewed: 3/88 3/89 6/91 5/94 10/98 4/06 4/12 Adolescent Revised: 11/93 9/95 3/97 9/99 4/03 Adult Geriatric DEFINITION: Domestic Violence,
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text:
.. core::

flypy - The core language ideas
===============================

This document describes the core flypy language, which is designed to generate
efficient code for general, pythonic code. It will allow us to implement most
of the features that currently reside in the compiler directly in a runtime.
On top of this small core language we can write more advanced features such
as subtype polymorphism through method tables.

I believe we need the following features:

    * Methods on user-defined types with specified representations (structs or otherwise)

        - Careful control over allocation and mutability

    * Polymorphism: Generic functions, subtyping, overloading
    * User-defined typing rules
    * Careful control over inlining, unrolling and specialization
    * Extension of the code generator

Support for multi-stage programming would be nice, but is considered a bonus
and deferred to external tools like macropy or mython for now. The
control over optimizations likely provides enough functionality to generate
good code.

This describes a closed environment with an optionally static, inferred,
language. Static typing will help provide better error messages, and can
prevent inintended use.

Polymorphism is provided through:

    - generic functions
    - multiple dispatch
    - subtyping ("python classes")
    - coercion

This language's goals are ultimate control over performance, and a language
with a well-defined and easily understood subset for the GPU.

This language is inspired by the following languages: Rust, Terra, RPython,
Julia, Parakeet, mypy, copperhead. It focusses on static dispatch flexibility,
allowing specialization for static dispatch, or allowing generating more
generic machine code with runtime dispatch. Like RPython, it will further allow
specialization on constant values, which allows generic code to turn into
essentially static code, enabling partial evaluation opportunities as well as
improved type inference.

What we want in our language is full control over specialization and memory
allocation, and easily-understood semantics for what works on the GPU and what
doesn't. The following sections will detail how the above features will
get us there.

1. User-defined Types
---------------------

We want to support user-defined types with:

    - control over representation
    - (special) methods
    - control over mutability
    - control over stack- vs gc-allocation

User-defined types do not support inheritance, which is left to a runtime
implementation. This means that the callees of call-sites are static, and
can be called directly. This further means they can be inlined (something we
will exploit).

This means that we can even write the most performance-critical parts of
our runtime in this way. The compiler needs to support the following types
natively:

    - int
    - float
    - pointer
    - struct (with optional methods and properties)
    - union
    - array (constant size)

Anything else is written in the runtime:

    - range
    - complex
    - array
    - string/unicode
    - etc

This means we can easily experiment with different data representations and
extend functionality. For instance we can wrap and override the native integer
multiply to check for overflow, and raise an exception or issue a warning, or
convert to a BigInt.

Representation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Type representation can be specified through a type 'layout':

.. code-block:: python

    @jit
    class Array(object):
        layout = Struct([('data', 'Char *')])

Mutability and Allocation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Each individual field can be specified to be immutable, or all can be specified
immutable through a decorator:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit(immutable=True)
    class Array(object):
        ...

If all fields are immutable, the object can be stack allocated. Unless
manually specified with ``stack=True``, the compiler is free to decide where
to allocate the object. This decision may differ depending on the target
(cpu or gpu).

The ``Array`` above can be stack-allocated since its fields are immutable -
even though the contained data may not be.

If data is mutable, it is allocated on the heap. This means that allocation
of such an object is incompatible with a GPU code generator. Hence, data
structures like Arrays must be passed in from the host, and things like Lists
are not supported. However, one can write a List implementation with static
size that supports appending a bounded number of objects.

We disallow explicit stack allocation for mutable types for the following
reason:

.. code-block:: python

    x = mutable() # stack allocate
    y = x         # copy x into y
    y.value = 1   # update y.value, which does not affect x.value

To make this work one would need to track the lifetimes of the object itself
and all the variables the object is written into, at which point we defer you
to the Rust programming language. We leave stack allocation of mutable
objects purely as a compile-time optimization.

Destructors
~~~~~~~~~~~
Destructors are supported only for heap-allocated types, irrespective of
mutability. If a __del__ method is implemented, the object will be
automatically heap-allocated (unless escape analysis can say otherwise).

Ownership
~~~~~~~~~
Ownership is tied to mutability:

    - Data is owned when (recursively) immutable
    - Data is shared when it, or some field is mutable (recursively)

Owned data may be send over a channel to another thread or task. Shared data
cannot be send, unless explicitly marked as a safe operation::

    channel.send(borrow(x))

The user must guarantee that 'x' stays alive while it is consumed. This is
useful for things like parallel computation on arrays.

Type Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
User-defined types are parameterizable:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Array[Type dtype, Int ndim]')
    class Array(object):
        ...

Parameters can be types or values of builtin type int. This allows
specialization for values, such as the dimensionality of an array:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Array[Type dtype, Int ndim]')
    class Array(object):

        layout = Struct([('data', 'Char *'), ('strides', 'Tuple[Int, ndim]')])

        @signature('Tuple[Int, ndim] -> T')
        def __getitem__(self, indices):
            ...

This specifies that we take a ``Tuple`` of ``Int``s an size ``ndim`` as
argument, and return an item of type ``T``. The ``T`` and ``ndim`` are
resolved as type parameters, which means they specify concrete types in the
method signature.

The type can now be used as follows:

.. code-block:: python

    myarray = Array[Double, 2]()

This will mostly appear in (flypy) library code, and not in user-written code,
which uses higher-level APIs that ultimately construct these types. E.g.:

.. code-block:: python

    @overload(np.ndarray)
    def typeof(array):
        return Array[typeof(array.dtype), array.ndim]

    @overload(np.dtype)
    def typeof(array):
        return { np.double: Double, ...}[array.dtype]

2. Polymorphism
---------------
Supported forms of polymorphism are generic functions, overloading and
subtyping.

Generic Functions and Subtyping
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For additional details, including implementation details, see
:ref:`polymorphism`.

Generic functions allow code to operate over multiple types simultaneously.
For instance, we can type the `map` function, specifying that it maps values
of type `a` to type `b`.

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('(a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]')
    def map(f, xs):
        ...

Type variables may be further constrained by sets of types or by classes,
e.g.:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Array[A : Float[nbits]] -> A')
    def sum(xs):
        ...

which allows ``sum`` to accept any array with floating point numbers or any
subtype is Float. By default, typed code will accept
subtypes, e.g. if we have a typed argument ``A``, then we will also accept
a subtype ``B`` for that argument.

With parameterized types, we have to be more careful. By default, we allow
only invariant parameters, e.g. ``B <: A`` does not imply ``C[B] <: C[A]``.
That is, even though ``B``
may be a subtype of ``A``, a class ``C`` parameterized by ``B`` is not a subtype
of class ``C`` parameterized by ``A``. In generic functions, we may however
indicate variance using ``+`` for `covariance` and ``-`` for `contra-variance`:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Array[A : +Number] -> A')
    def sum(array):
        ...

This indicates we will accept an array of ``Number``s, or any subtypes
of ``Number``. This is natural for algorithms that read data, e.g if you can
read objects of type ``A``, you can also read objects of subtype ``B`` of ``A``.

However, if we were writing objects, this would break! Consider the following
code:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Array[T : +A] -> Void')
    def write(array):
        array[0] = B()

Here we write an ``B``, which clearly satisfies being an ``A``. However,
if we also have ``C <: B``, and if we provide ``write`` with a ``Array[C]``,
we cannot write a ``B`` into this array!

Instead, this code must have a contra-variant parameter, that is, it may accept
an array of ``B`` and an array of any super-type of ``B``.

Generic functions may be specialized or generic, depending on the decorator
used.

Overloading and Multiple-dispatch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These mechanisms provide compile-time selection for our language.
It is required to support the compiled ``convert`` from section 3, and
necessary for many implementations, e.g.:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('a : integral -> a')
    def int(x):
        return x

    @jit('String -> Int')
    def int(x):
        return parse_int(x)

3. User-defined Typing Rules
----------------------------
I think Julia does really well here. Analogously we define three functions:

    - typeof(pyobj) -> Type
    - convert(Type, Value) -> Value
    - unify(Type, Type) -> Type

The ``convert`` function may make sense as a method on the objects instead,
which is more pythonic, e.g. ``__convert__``. ``unify`` does not really
make sense as a method since it belongs to neither of the two arguments.

Unify takes two types and returns the result type of the given types. This
result type can be specified by the user. For instance, we may determine
that ``unify(Int, Float)`` is ``Union(Int, Float)``, or that it is ``Float``.
The union will give the same result as Python would, but it is also more
expensive in the terms of the operations used on it (and potentially storage
capacity). Unify is used on types only at control flow merge points.

A final missing piece are a form of ad-hoc polymophism, namely coercions.
This is tricky in the presence of overloading, where multiple coercions
are possible, but only a single coercion is preferable. E.g.:

.. code-block:: python

    @overload('Float32 -> Float32 -> Float32')
    def add(a, b):
        return a + b

    @overload('Complex64 -> Complex64 -> Complex64')
    def add(a, b):
        return a + b

Which implementation is ``add(1, 2)`` supposed to pick, ``Int`` freely coerces
to both ``Float32`` and ``Complex64``? Since we don't want built-in coercion
rules, which are not user-overridable or extensible, we need some sort of
coercion function. We choose a function ``coercion_distance(src_type, dst_type)``
which returns the supposed distance between two types, or raises a TypeError.
Since this is not compiled, we decide to not make it a method of the source
type.

.. code-block:: python

    @overload(Int, Float)
    def coercion_distance(int_type, float_type):
        return ...

These functions are used at compile time to determine which conversions to
insert, or whether to issue typing errors.

4. Optimization and Specialization
----------------------------------
We need to allow careful control over optimizations and code specialization.
This allows us to use the abstractions we need, without paying them if we
know we can't afford it. We propose the following intrinsics exposed to
users:

    - ``for x in unroll(iterable): ...``
    - ``@specialize.arg(0)``

Unrolling
~~~~~~~~~
The first compiler intrinsic allows unrolling over constant iterables.
For instance, the following would be a valid usage:

.. code-block:: python

    x = (1, 2, 3)
    for i in unroll(x):
        ...

An initial implementation will likely simply recognize special container
types (Tuple, List, etc). Later we may allow arbitrary (user-written!)
iterables, where the result of ``len()`` must be ultimately constant (after
inlining and register promotion).

Specialization
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ability to specialize on various things, similar to specialization in
rpython (``rpython/rlib/objectmodel.py``).

.. function:: specialize.arg(*args)

    Specialize on the listed arguments, e.g. ``specialize.arg(0, 1)``
    specializes on any combination of values for the first and second
    argument.

    This can further allow ``getattr`` and ``setattr`` when used with
    constant strings, allowing generic code.

.. function:: specialize.eval_if_const()

    Evaluate the function at compile time if all arguments are constant,
    and insert the result in the code stream. The result must have a type
    compatible with the signature.

These decorators should also be supported as extra arguments to ``@signature``
etc.

5. Extension of the Code Generator
----------------------------------
We can support an ``@opaque`` decorator that marks a function or method as
"opaque", which means it must be resolved by the code generator. A decorator
``@codegen(thefunc)`` registers a code generator function for the function or
method being called:

.. code-block:: python

    @jit('Int[Int size]')
    class Int(object):
        @opague('Int -> Int', eval_if_const=True)
        def __add__(self, other):
            return a + b

    @codegen(Int.__add__)
    def emit_add(func, argtypes):
        # return a new typed function...

Conclusion
----------
The mechanisms above allow us to easily evaluate how code will be compiled,
and asses the performance implications. Furthermore, we can easily see what
is GPU incompatible, i.e. anything that:

    - uses CFFI (this implies use of Object, which is implemented in terms
      of CFFI)
    - uses specialize.generic()
    - allocates anything mutable

Everything else should still work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
South Park: The Fractured But Whole Season Pass Details Revealed
New combat buddies, story missions, and more.
byAlex Gilyadov
Posted Oct. 16, 2017, 10:23 a.m.
Ubisoft has released details about South Park: The Fractured But Whole's $30 USD season pass.
Available on October 17 for PS4, Xbox One, and PC, the season pass will include three DLC packs and free Day One content.
The Day One content includes the "Relics of Zaron" costume and perks pack, which will be available to non-season pass holders on October 17 for $5 USD, as well as the "Towelie: Your Gaming Bud," which provides an in-game tip-giving buddy and will be available to those without a season pass on October 24 for $2 USD.
The first of the DLC packs included with the season pass is "Danger Deck", where players have to face the ultimate combat challenge in Doctor Timothy's Danger Deck. "Danger Deck" will be available to all players as a separate purchase for $6 USD in December.
The second DLC pack is a new story called "From Dusk till Casa Bonita," which has you team up with The Coon and Mysterion to defeat a demonic presence at Casa Bonita. It will be available for $12 USD in 2018. Lastly, the "Bring the Crunch" add-on pack will feature another new story with an all-new superhero class, and will also be available for $12 USD in 2018.
The season pass also comes with the Gold Edition of the game, which you can preorder here.
South Park: The Fractured But Whole will be released on October 17 for PS4, Xbox One, and PC. For more on the game, check out how the show made its brand of production hell work for The Fractured But Whole.
Also be sure to read why South Park co-creator Matt Stone "would love to make a first-person shooter."
Alex Gilyadov is a freelance writer for IGN. Be sure to check out his YouTube channel and follow him on Twitter.
Release Date: Dec. 6, 2016
Platforms: Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Pc, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch
1 year, 10 months Comments
South Park: The Fractured But Whole Confirmed for Nintendo Switch
South Park: The Fractured But Whole From Dusk Till Casa Bonita DLC Release Date Announced
2 years, 2 months Comments
Should You Buy: South Park: The Fractured But Whole
South Park: The Fractured But Whole Devs Talk Design, Delays, and Next Game


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