text:
Kellyanne Conway says it's a 'double standard' for CNN's Dana Bash to ask about her husband's critical Trump tweets
Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway lashed out at CNN's Dana Bash, after the journalist asked about Conway's husband's anti-Trump tweets
'It's fascinating to me that CNN would go there,' Conway said to Bash, calling her question a 'double standard'
Bash pushed back saying that she would have asked the same question to a man whose wife was saying things critical of the president
By Nikki Schwab, U.s. Political Reporter For Dailymail.com
Kellyanne Conway lashed out at CNN's Dana Bash after the news anchor asked the counselor to the president about her husband's tweets.
'I'll just ask you one question that a lot of people are asking me, probably you too. And that is, what is up with your husband's tweets?' Bash had asked Sunday morning during CNN's State of the Union program.
Conway went on the attack, calling it a 'double standard' to be asked about tweets written by her husband George, who often says things on Twitter that make it look like he's trolling President Trump.
Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway called it a 'double standard' Sunday when she was asked about her husband's tweets on CNN
CNN's Dana Bash has asked Kellyanne Conway about George Conway's tweets, which are often critical of President Trump
Bash had pointed to a tweet sent out by George Conway, in which the lawyer shared a piece of CNN's Kaitlan Collins' reporting, with the journalist stating that officials are hesitant to speak for Trump because he 'says one thing, then does the opposite.'
'So true. It's absurd,' George Conway had written.
Kellyanne Conway started her pushback by saying that her husband also tweets 'things that are also supportive, and he writes a lot of things about corgis and Philadelphia Eagles and sports, too.'
She then said she had two points to make to the anchor.
'Number one, that, again that woman who lost the election whose name I never say on TV anymore is wrong, I think she said white women have to listen to their, the men in their life, to form their own political opinions. Wrong again lady,' Conway said, trying to take a whack at ex-Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, who suggested on a trip to India that white women were influenced by their spouses to cast a vote for President Trump.
Conway then turned to her other favorite boogeyman: the news media.
'Number two, it's fascinating to me that CNN would go there,' she said. 'But it's very good for the whole world to have just witnessed that it's now fair game ... how people's spouses and significant others may differ from them.'
'I'm really surprised, but very, in some way, relieved and gratified to see that,' she continued.
'That should really be fun,' Conway added.
Bash interjected and said she would have asked the Trump official the same question if she were a man and her wife had been sending out critical tweets.
'It's about questioning, publicly questioning what you are doing for a living and with regard for your boss,' Bash said. 'And it has nothing to do with your gender.'
Bash also said her question wasn't meant to be critical.
'Oh, of course it was,' Conway shot back. 'It was meant to harass and embarrass.'
'By definition, spouses have a difference of opinion when one is, I don't know, draining the joint bank account to support things that maybe the other disagrees with,' she continued. 'So, this is a fascinating cross the Rubicon moment. And I will leave it at that.'
Bash replied that she hadn't intended to 'cross any Rubicon.'
'It was actually intended to be somewhat lighthearted about the fact that we are all grownups who have different opinions,' the newswoman continued. 'But I'm sorry that you took it that [way].'
Conway shot back again, pointing out that Bash had asked her a 'question that is on everybody's mind.'
'Yes, it is. It is. It is. I'm sure you, I'm sure you have heard it too,' Bash replied.
Numerous outlets have written about George Conway's Twitter habit and it continued through this weekend with the lawyer retweeting a tweet from the New York Times' Maggie Haberman, in which the journalist shared a photo of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush, Laura Bush, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Michelle and Barack Obama, and Melania Trump.
'When you contrast this photo with a weekend-long tweetstorm from current @potus, it's striking,' Haberman wrote.
Trump personally went after Habeman on Twitter on Saturday and referred to one of her sources as a 'drunk/drugged up loser.'
Bash said she thought it might be 'hard' for Conway and her husband to hold different political views, and she called it 'unusual' that he would send out the tweets.
'It's hard for the two adults? My husband and me? Now you're talking about my marriage again?' Conway asked.
Bash said she wasn't talking about Conway's marriage.
'Kellyanne, Kellyanne, here was my whole in this – is that you are a professional working for the president of the United States, and your husband is a well-respected lawyer,' Bash said. 'And my point is, that we don't often see, in fact I don't remember the last time we saw somebody working for the president in a high-profile position when their spouse is saying critical things about them,' Bash said. 'That is all, that is all.'
Conway responded by telling the journalist that that wasn't true'
'There are other family members whose – of people who work at the White House who certainly don't support the president privately and publicly,' she state.
She added that there were people in the administration who had worked for Democrats and donated to Democrats in the past.
'But all that aside, that really is meant to divert attention from, again, the big issues that American cares about,' Conway replied. 'But, like I said, CNN chose to go there. I think that's going to be fascinating moving forward. And don't deny that, when you said it must be difficult.'
'I do want you to clarify, though, for the whole worldwide audience – and, in fact, for me, since you raised m – it's "difficult" for whom to have two adults what?' Conway said, trying to slap back. 'Difficult for my children, who are probably watching you right now? Because it's not hard for them.'
Bash pointed out that she wasn't the person who sent out the tweets.
'They've already seen a double standard for their mother for two years,' Conway said, pulling out the sexism card again.
'It is not about gender,' Bash shot back. 'I don't want to have this conversation. And you know that I don't believe it's about gender.'
Trump DENIES calling Rod Rosenstein 'Mr. Peepers' and Jeff... James Comey says he 'can't answer' whether the nation would... Tammy Duckworth casts historic Senate vote with her baby... Several GOP senators won't say if they'll back Trump's...
Bash pointed to how President Trump criticized former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe over the fact that his wife ran for political office as a Democrat and received a donation from former Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe's PAC, as McAuliffe was a longtime supporter of Bill and Hillary Clinton.
Conway tried to say the criticism wasn't about McCabe's spouse.
'The president knew something early that everybody else is now finding out,' Conway said. 'The president has excellent instincts. And he knew Jim Comey and Andrew McCabe ... could not be trusted.'
Bash threw in the towel with Conway after that, ending their segment by pointing out that the inspector general, the watchdog at the Justice Department, had referred its finding on McCabe to the U.S. Attorney's office in Washington for possible prosecution.
'And we are covering that. And we will continue to cover that,' Bash said ending the segment.
Conway: It's a 'double standard' to ask about my husband's Trump tweets


text:
Bear sightings double as fruit trees bear fruit
This year is shaping up to be a very busy year for bear conflicts, says WildSafeBC coordinator Sue Davies.
Aug. 1, 2014 5:00 p.m.
A black bear visits an apple tree for a fruitful feast.
Contributed by WildSafeBC
"Already this year we have had 67 reports of bears in town, nearly twice as many as the total count last year, and we are not even into the really busy time yet," she said.
Most of the reports involve bears into either garbage or cherry trees. "For a week or two there, the phone was going non-stop with people complaining that there was a bear in their cherry tree," said Davies. "I had to keep telling people over and over, the bear is there because the fruit is there. If you don't want the bear, harvest your fruit."
The problem many people have is that their fruit tree is enormous — too tall and a huge job to harvest. So, prune the tree. A tree that is well pruned can still provide good shade, and the up side is that the fruit is likely to be much higher quality, as well as being far easier to harvest.
"We need to be more proactive about our fruit trees. Leaving food including fruit for the bears is actually an offence under the Wildlife Act, as well as a significant danger to people in the neighbourhood, and the ultimate cause of many instances of bears being destroyed," said Davies. "Now plum and apple season is coming up fast and people need to be responsible for their fruit."
The Conservation Officers from Golden and Vernon are active here in town and have set several bear traps in areas where bears have become food conditioned, although no bears have yet been caught. Conservation Officers have the power to issue fines to those people who consistently allow wildlife access to food such as rotting fruit or garbage on their property. So far they have not issued any fines, but the likelihood is that they will need to take some action if residents don't look after their fruit and garbage.
If you don't want all your own fruit, consider taking the excess to the food bank (open 8am on Friday mornings at the Legion on Garden St), or advertise it on the Stoke List as pick-your-own. If you are unable to harvest your tree, please call the Gleaning Project (250 837 8624) and volunteers will harvest the fruit and take it to the food bank for you.
WildSafeBC will be also conducting garbage tagging over the next few weeks to remind people that garbage should be kept secure from wildlife at all times and only be at the curb from 6am to midnight on the day of collection.
For more information on managing wildlife attractants please visit www.wildsafebc.com. To report wildlife sightings or conflicts with wildlife please call the RAPP line at 1-877-952 7277.
Helping cops help kids
Revelstoke's parks department proposes maintenance and inspection policy
The policy formally lays out inspection and response timelines
Three wayfinding signage options presented to Revelstoke Committee of the Whole
The decision will be referred to a future council meeting
Glimpses of Revelstoke's past for July 17
Items from Revelstoke newspapers, as gleaned and edited by Cathy English, curator… Continue reading
Revelstoke Community Calendar for July 17
Macpherson Orienteering July 20, 9 a.m. Join us for the third orienteering… Continue reading
Growls and Hugs for July 17
Someone or something got your hackles up? Or maybe someone made you…
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Subject: A historical document on King Birendra of Nepal, the birth place of Lord Buddha.
As you are aware, the regicide that took place in <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Nepal in the month of June 2001 was extremely tragic claiming the lives of King Birendra and his entire immediate family.
Nepal, as you are aware signifies peace, as a land of Buddha. It is extremely shocking to see Nepal convulsing in the state that the carnage took place.
As I happen to have done the only biography on the slain King in 1997 and as a Royal Biographer, I was asked by several journalist friends to put together a document that could serve as a memoir on the King, who was extremely popular. And the memoirs was put together.
We would be happy if you may like to consider having a copy/copies of the above Collector's Album on the King, which in fact, is the only authentic document and which carries a complete chronological account of the slain King's life. It also includes several photographs received from the King himself.
For details, you may like to visit our website www.memoirsofkingbirendra.org.


text:
NATO summit, Stoltenberg comes out with the important announcement from Romania
NATO leaders are meeting in Romania to bolster support for Ukraine in the face of intensified Russian attacks.
The head of the Alliance stated that the number one priority is to strengthen Ukraine's air defense capabilities to avoid further destruction. He added that the West should provide more sophisticated weapons systems.
"The message from all allies is that we must do more, both to help Ukraine repair its destroyed infrastructure and to address Russian attacks by providing more air defense systems. This means partly to give more weapons systems, but also to make sure that the systems we have given, most of which have been of modern NATO standards, are functional," said Stoltenberg.
Which countries will be involved? Putin issues a strong proposal for natural gas, details revealed
The war in Ukraine, Russia severely threatens the USA, what is expected to happen
A poor father accidentally scratched a BMW, the note he left "forced" the owner of the car to make the gesture that surprised the network
At the two-day conference, the United States is expected to announce a significant aid package to support the Ukrainian energy grid, which is being hit hard by Russian attacks.
Serious accident with a boat in the lake, high number of victims is reported
The big fire completely destroys the apartment of the former mayor, the last details emerge
The "jealous" pensioner takes revenge on his neighbor, takes drastic action
What is happening? Protests escalate in France, citizens clash with the police
The bomb attack on a mosque, the number of victims increases, the last details emerge
Shocking/ The woman hid her boyfriend in the closet, father and son beat the 39-year-old to death
Amazing sight, the meteor falls to the ground and turns night into day (Video)
"Putin is not ready to press the red button!"/ Ukraine reveals Putin's plan and makes the scary warning
The head of Ukrainian intelligence reveals scary figures: Here are how many Russian troops are fighting in Ukraine


The Department of Health and Human Services Secretary is awarding eight grants to fund an $81 million, 5-year health screening program of New York City firefighters and other workers and volunteers who provided rescue, recovery and restoration services at the World Trade Center disaster site.
The grants will allow the recipients to conduct three, free, standardized clinical examinations for each eligible individual over the next 5 years.
"[This]action will further assess the health of the brave men and women who worked day and night in the rescue and recovery at Ground Zero," HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson said. "These grants will assure that the health screening of the World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers will continue without interruption."
HHS awarded the grants to the New York City Fire Department, the Long Island Occupational and Environmental Health Center, the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, the New York University School of Medicine, the City University of New York's Queens College and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey's Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
Of the more than 40,000 workers and volunteers who were present at Ground Zero, all of the approximately 11,000 New York City firefighters and about 11,000 other rescue workers have already received initial examinations through previous funding from HHS.
HHS also awarded grants to the New York City Fire Department and the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine to develop data and to establish coordinating data centers. This supports the development of databases of information that will help determine the ongoing needs and priorities of the health-screening program.


text:
Highway 304 is a highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 26 to Highway 4, passing through the towns of Makwa and Morin Creek, and is about  long.

References

304

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{introduction}
Recently, experimentalists have accomplished significant progress with the synthesis of boron nitride (BN) nano materials, including the hybridized boron nitride and graphene,\cite{CiL} the boron nitride thin film,\cite{ShiY} and the boron nitride nanoribbon.\cite{ZengH} Prior to these breakthroughs, the BN nano materials have drawn continuous attention over past decades. The optical transitions in the single-walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNT) were measured by the optical absorption spectroscopy\cite{Lauret} or the spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy.\cite{Arenal} The giant Stark effect in SWBNT was observed by the bias dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy.\cite{Ishigami} The lattice dynamics properties have been investigated by first-principles calculation\cite{Kern,Wirtz,Kunstmann,Hamdi} or the valence force field model.\cite{Popov,Jeon,Michel} For the thermal transport in SWBNT, both experimental\cite{ChangCW2005,ChangCW2006} and theoretical\cite{Savic,Stewart} results have confirmed the importance of isotopic doping. The theoretical study of the thermal transport in SWBNT is mainly in the ballistic region where Landauer formula is applied with phonon dispersion obtained from lattice dynamics calculations. In these studies, the phonon-phonon scattering is ignored in the ballistic region, while the effect of phonon-phonon scattering on the thermal conductivity in carbon-based nano materials has been investigated by the Boltzmann equation approach.\cite{CaoJX,GuY,Nika,Lindsay2010} However, it is still a blank field for the the thermal conductivity of SWBNT. One of the main objectives of present paper is to investigate the effect of the phonon-phonon scattering on the thermal conductivity of SWBNT.

In this paper, we study the effect of the boundary and three-phonon scattering on the thermal conductivity in SWBNT. In our investigation, we calculate all required physical quantities from the Tersoff plus universal force field out-of-plane (Tersoff+UFFOOP) potential. The parameters of this potential are fitted to the phonon spectrum in sp2 BN sheet. It preserves the efficiency and stability of the original Tersoff potential. We find the selection rules for three-phonon process by using the helical quantum numbers $(\kappa,n)$ which are assigned to the screw and rotation symmetries in the line group of the SWBNT. The helical quantum numbers are conserved in the three-phonon scattering process and can distinguish the flexure modes in SWBNT from other acoustic modes. We find that the thermal conductivity of SWBNT shows diverging behavior with length as $\kappa_{\rm ph}\propto L^{\beta}$, where the exponent $\beta(T)$ decreases exponentially with the increase of temperature $T$. The thermal conductivity is dominated by the flexure modes, which can be clearly interpreted with the help of the helical quantum numbers.

The present paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~II, we find the selection rules for the three-phonon scattering process. Sec.~III is devoted to the interaction potential. Sec.~IV shows formulas for the phonon life time and thermal conductivity. In Sec.~V, calculation results are presented and discussed. The paper ends with a summary in Sec.~VI.

\section{symmetry selection rules}
In the scattering process, symmetry selection rules impose strong constraints on the symmetry properties of particles which participate in the process. Resulting from the scalar property of the scattering operator in the three-phonon process,\cite{Ziman} the selection rules reflect directly the conservation of quantum numbers corresponding to all symmetry operations in the system. First of all, the energy conservation leads to:
\begin{eqnarray}
\omega + \omega' = \omega''.
\end{eqnarray}
We will only exhibit selection rules for combining process. They can be obtained analogously for splitting process and will be listed at the end of this section. Besides the energy conservation, the other selection rules are governed by the symmetry group of the system. For chiral, armchair, and zigzag SWBNT($n_{1}$,$n_{2}$), the symmetry groups are the first, fourth, and eighth class of line group.\cite{Damnjanovic,Alon} The chiral SWBNT have the screw symmetries and the pure rotational symmetries with generators $S(\alpha,h)$ and $C_{N}^{1}$. The SWBNT are rotated around $z$ axis for $\alpha$ and translated by $h$ in the $z$ direction after the operation of $S(\alpha,h)$. $z$ is set to be the rotational axis of SWBNT. $\alpha$ and $h$ are related to $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$.\cite{White1993} The rotational angle for $C_{N}^{1}$ is $2\pi/N$, where $N={\rm gcd}(n_{1},n_{2})$ is the greatest common divisor of $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$. The armchair or zigzag SWBNT also have the screw and pure rotational operations. Besides, there are additional reflection symmetries $\sigma_{h}/\sigma_{v}$ in armchair/zigzag SWBNT. In the irreducible representations of the line group, the quantum numbers corresponding to the screw and rotation operations are a set of helical quantum numbers $(\kappa, n)$, with $\kappa\in(-\pi/h, \pi/h]$ and $n=(-N/2, N/2]$.\cite{Dobardzic} Using the group theory, one finds that the selection rules in chiral SWBNT for three-phonon process is merely to guarantee the conservation of helical quantum numbers $(\kappa, n)$. In armchair or zigzag SWBNT, the symmetry property is different for phonons in the center or at the edge of the Brillouin zone (BZ), i.e $(\kappa,n)=$ $(0,0)$, $(\pm \pi/h,0)$, or $(0,\pm N/2)$ for even $N$. Those phonons carry the information of the reflection symmetries; thus, they are of higher symmetry than the other phonons. From group theory, higher symmetry will lead to more complicate selection rules. However, those phonons of higher symmetry are unable to carry heat energy in the thermal transport, because they either correspond to a rigid movement of the system or have zero phonon velocity. It should be noted that the other long-wave acoustic modes make important contribution, except the mode with $(\kappa,n)=(0,0)$. After ignoring those phonons, the selection rules in armchair or zigzag SWBNT turn to be the same as that of the chiral SWBNT. Consequently, the selection rules in all SWBNT are:
\begin{eqnarray}
\kappa + \kappa' &=& \kappa'' \bmod \frac{2\pi}{h},\nonumber\\
n + n' &=& n'' \bmod N.
\end{eqnarray}
We emphasize that the physical consequence of these selection rules is to conserve the quantum numbers $(\kappa, n)$ corresponding to the screw and pure rotational symmetries of the SWBNT. Besides the simplicity in their selection rules, $(\kappa, n)$ have several advantages. To the best of our knowledge, present paper is the first work to apply the helical quantum numbers which correspond to the actual symmetries of the SWBNT in the study of phonon scattering process in nanotubes. All existing literatures use the linear quantum numbers $(k,m)$,\cite{SaitoR} attributed to the pure translational and rotational operations with generators $T_{\tilde{q}h}$ and $C_{q}^{1}$. $q$ is the number of atom pairs in a big translational unit cell and $\tilde{q}=q/N$. The operation $T_{\tilde{q}h}$ translates the SWBNT by $\tilde{q}h$ in $z$ direction.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{bn_sheet.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) Phonon spectrum in BN sheet calculated from Tersoff potential, Tersoff+UFFOOP potential are compared with experimental results from Ref.~\onlinecite{SerranoJ}. The UFFOOP potential enhance merely the two out-of-plane (ZA and ZO) vibration modes.}
  \label{fig_bn_sheet}
\end{figure}
 All of those pure translational and rotational operations together form a subgroup of the line group. Although $T_{\tilde{q}h}$ is a symmetry operation in the SWBNT, the $C_{q}^{1}$ is not a symmetry operation of SWBNT. As a result, the linear quantum numbers $(k,m)$ are not conserved in the three-phonon process. The relations between linear and helical quantum numbers are $n=m~{\rm mod}~N$, and $\kappa =  k + m\frac{\alpha}{h}+j\frac{2\pi}{h}$ where $j$ is an integer to keep $\kappa$ in its BZ. These relations lead to an additional constraint on the selection rules of $(k,m)$, which has been originally pointed out by Dobardzic {\it et~al.}\cite{Dobardzic}, and demonstrated by Lindsay {\it et~al.}\cite{Lindsay2010}

Analogously, we can obtain the following selection rules for splitting process:
\begin{eqnarray}
\omega &=& \omega' + \omega'',\nonumber\\
\kappa &=& \kappa' + \kappa'' \bmod \frac{\pi}{h},\\\nonumber
n &=& n' + n'' \bmod N.
\end{eqnarray}

\section{interatomic potential}
The interaction for the sp2 BN sheet or SWBNT can be described by valence force field models in the linear approximation.\cite{Popov,Jeon,OuyangT} This linear model can be adopted to study the ballistic phonon transport without phonon-phonon scattering. To investigate the thermal transport beyond the ballistic region, it is necessary to apply a more realistic interatomic potential which can include the nonlinear effect and bond reaction phenomenon. Several sets of parametric Tersoff bond order potentials have been applied in the molecule dynamics simulation of various properties for BN materials.\cite{Sekkal,Matsunaga,Albe} However, these parameters are not fitted to the sp2 BN sheet structure. Especially, they are not good in the description of the phonon spectrum of BN sheet, which is crucial for the investigation of thermal transport in present work. It is important to fit a set of Tersoff parameters to the phonon dispersion of sp2 BN sheet, as there is no experimental values for nonlinear properties of BN sheet. The fitting procedure is realized in following steps. Firstly, the phonon dispersion in BN sheet is quite similar to that of the graphene, because these two materials have similar honeycomb structure. So we start with the Tersoff parameters for carbon,\cite{Tersoff} with parameters $A$ and $B$ in the Tersoff potential rescaled by a factor of 0.3. Fig.~\ref{fig_bn_sheet} (dash line, blue online) shows that this set of Tersoff parameters give a good description of the four in-plane vibrations: longitudinal acoustic (LA), transverse acoustic (TA), longitudinal optical (LO), and transverse optical (TO) modes. However, it results in much lower frequencies for the two out-of-plane vibrations: $z$ acoustic (ZA) and $z$ optical (ZO) modes. We find that it is impossible to account for the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations simultaneously through adjusting the parameters in Tersoff potential where the bond order function depends on the bond length and in-plane bond angles. The in-plane transverse vibration is captured by the in-plane bond angle term. The in-plane longitudinal vibration and out-of-plane vibration are coupling together in the bond length term. As a result, it is impossible to modify Tersoff parameters to independently affect the out-of-plane vibration while keep in-plane longitudinal vibration unchanged. Brenner {\it et~al.} solved this problem by generalizing the bond order function to be dihedral angle dependent,\cite{Brenner} which can treat the out-of-plane vibrations separately. However, this is a numerically expensive generalization. Particularly for large systems, the numerical simulation using Brenner potential becomes much slower than the Tersoff potential. Actually, this problem can be settled down by a more efficient and straightforward approach. We introduce a concise potential to manipulate the out-of-plane vibration separately. It should be noted that it is an attractive way to describe each degree of freedom by a separate term, as this can provide clear physical picture for each phonon branch. Among various potentials, we find that the most stable one is the UFFOOP potential\cite{Gale}: $V=C_{0}(C_{1} + C_{2}\cos(\phi) + C_{3}\cos(2\phi))$, where $\phi$ is the dihedral angle. The four optimized parameters $C_{i}$ are shown in Table~\ref{tab_uffoop}. Fig.~\ref{fig_bn_sheet} (solid line, red online) shows that UFFOOP only enhances the out-of-plane vibration and does not affect the in-plane vibration at all in the planar BN sheet. For tubes, especially those with small diameters, the dihedral angle $\phi$ depends on the curvature of the tube, so the out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations are mixing together by the UFFOOP potential. The phonon spectrum calculated from Tersoff+UFFOOP potential agrees well with the experimental values. It should be noted however that the theoretical frequencies for LO and TO modes do not coincide with experimental data in detail, since these two modes are more sensitive to long-range interactions compared with acoustic branches.\cite{Michel} The long-range interactions originate from the charge polarization of boron and nitride atoms in this ionic system. Especially, the crossing of TO and LO branches can not be repeated by the Tersoff+UFFOOP potential. However, we can safely ignore the effect of long-range interaction in the study of phonon thermal transport, because the LO and TO modes only contribute to thermal conductivity through providing new channels for phonon-phonon scattering of other phonons due to their low phonon velocity. At this point, we would like to point out two distinct features of the Tersoff+UFFOOP potential. Firstly, it is of high efficiency and stability which inherits from the original Tersoff potential for carbon system. We have tested that the SWBNT are still stable in molecular dynamics simulation at 2000 K after $10^{10}$ steps. Secondly, this potential can give a good description simultaneously for the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of the sp2 BN system; thus suitable for the study of thermal transport in these structures.
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Parameters of the four-body UFFOOP potential: $V=C_{0}(C_{1} + C_{2}\cos(\phi) + C_{3}\cos(2\phi))$. The second/third lines are for configuration with B/N in the center of other three N/B atoms. $C_{0}$ is in eV. Other three parameters are dimensionless.}
\label{tab_uffoop}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
bond type & $C_{0}$ & $C_{1}$ & $C_{2}$ & $C_{3}$\\
\hline
BNNN & -0.776387 & 1.000000 &  1.473839 & 0.424507\\
NBBB & 0.236178  & 1.000000 & -0.373869 & -0.223418\\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\section{phonon life time and thermal conductivity}
The thermal conductivity can be calculated by following formula:\cite{GuY}
\begin{eqnarray}
\kappa_{\rm ph} = \frac{1}{V} \sum_{\kappa,n,\sigma} \tau_{\kappa,n}^{\sigma}C_{\rm ph}(\omega)v_{\kappa,n,\sigma,z}^{2},
\label{eq_conductivity}
\end{eqnarray}
where $V$ is the volume of the system. The thickness of the SWBNT is considered to be the inter-layer spacing (3.35~{\AA}) in the hexagonal BN multi-layers.\cite{ZengH} $\sigma$ is the polarization index of phonon dispersion. The phonon heat capacity is given by $C_{\rm ph}=k_{B}x^{2}e^{x}/(e^{x}-1)^{2}$ with $x=\hbar\omega/(k_{B}T)$. $v_{\kappa,n,z}^{\sigma}$ is phonon velocity in the direction of thermal current. Under the single mode relaxation time approximation, the relaxation rate for phonon mode $(\kappa, n, \sigma)$ due to three-phonon scattering process is:\cite{Khituna}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\tau_{\rm ps}} & = & \sum_{\kappa',n',\sigma'}2|C_{3}|^{2}\frac{\hbar}{M^{3}\omega\omega'\omega''}\pi\delta\left(\Delta\omega\right)N(\omega',\omega''),
\end{eqnarray}
where the coefficient $|C_{3}|^{2}  =  \frac{4\gamma^{2}}{3A}\times\frac{M^{2}}{v_{g}^{2}}\times\omega^{2}\omega'^{2}\omega''^{2}$. To simplify the notation, we have introduced a single prime to denote that the quantity corresponds to mode $(\kappa',n',\sigma')$. Similarly, a double prime means that the quantity corresponds to the mode $(\kappa'',n'',\sigma'')$.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{pfitmd.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Fit specularity parameter $p$ to the thermal conductivity from molecular dynamics simulation.}
  \label{fig_pfitmd}
\end{figure}
 The two modes $(\kappa',n',\sigma')$ and $(\kappa'',n'',\sigma'')$ are related to each other through the selection rules in Sec.(II). $A$ is the total number of atoms in the system. $M$ is the atomic mass of a single atom. For the combining process, $\Delta\omega=\omega+\omega'-\omega''$ and $N(\omega',\omega'')=N_{0}'-N_{0}''$. The distribution function is $N_{0}=1/(e^{x}-1)$. For the splitting process, $\Delta\omega=\omega-\omega'-\omega''$ and $N(\omega',\omega'')=N_{0}'+N_{0}''+1$. $\gamma$ is the Gr\"uneisen parameter of mode $(\kappa,n,\sigma)$. It is important to use mode-specific Gruneisen parameters. This has been confirmed by Nika {\it et~al.} in the calculation of thermal conductivity of 2D graphene, which shows that the result from mode-dependent Gr\"uneisen parameters is in better agreement with experiment.\cite{Nika} $\gamma$ is calculated by $\gamma=-(V/\omega)(\partial\omega/\partial V)$ in the 3D structure, and by $\gamma=-(S/\omega)(\partial\omega/\partial S)$ in 2D system with $S$ as the area. In the quasi-one-dimensional SWBNT system, we calculate it by $\gamma=-(L/\omega)(\partial\omega/\partial L)$. The summation over $\kappa'$ in the relaxation rate can be changed into an integral, as the SWBNT are usually very long. The relaxation rate is then obtained by following formula:\cite{GuY}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\tau_{\rm ps}} & = & \left(\frac{4}{3\rho_{L}}\right)\left(\frac{\hbar\omega\gamma^{2}}{v_{z}^{2}}\right)\sum_{n'\sigma'}^{\prime}\frac{1}{v_{g}}\omega'\omega''N\left(\omega',\omega''\right),
\label{eq_pslifetime}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\rho_{L}=N_{a}M/L$ is the mass per length. $v_{g}=|v'-v''|$ is the group velocity. The prime over the summation indicates the selection rules imposed on those phonon modes in the summation.

In the low temperature region, the thermal conductivity is dominated by the boundary and defect scattering, as the three-phonon process is very weak. We consider the boundary scattering by the following relaxation rate:\cite{Ziman}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\tau_{\rm bs}} & = & \frac{v_{\kappa,n,z}^{\sigma}}{L}\times\frac{1-p}{1+p},
\label{eq_bslifetime}
\end{eqnarray}
where $p$ is the specularity parameter. For example, in studies of graphene this specularity parameter was fitted to experimental data.\cite{Nika}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{dispersion.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) Physical quantities in SWBNT(3,3). (a). Phonon spectrum parameterized by helical quantum numbers $(\kappa, n)$. (b). Phonon spectrum parameterized by linear quantum numbers $(k,m)$. (c). Phonon velocity. (d). Gr\"uneisen parameter. In (a), (c) and (d), $n=$ -1, 0, 1 are displayed by solid line (blue), dashed line (red), and dot line (green). The four acoustic phonon modes are highlighted by thicker lines.}
  \label{fig_dispersion}
\end{figure}
 Since there is no experiment on thermal boundary scattering phenomenon, we fit this parameter to the molecular dynamics simulation results on short SWBNT of 10 nm long where boundary scattering is important as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_pfitmd}. The simulation is run based on the same potential. In the molecular dynamics simulation, the thermal current is mimicked by setting two different temperatures on the two ends of the tube. The N\'ose-Hoover\cite{Nose, Hoover} thermostat is employed to maintain constant temperatures with a relaxation time of 0.4 ps. The description of boundary scattering is phenomenological, since we do not have an atomic model for the boundary scattering. Eq.~(\ref{eq_pslifetime}) will give some error in the calculation of $v_{g}$ for short tubes, where the $\kappa$ space is discrete. However, the error will be reasonably small, as the phonon life time in short tubes is mainly determined by the boundary scattering.

 The total phonon life time can be obtained through the Matthiessen's rule:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\tau_{\rm tot}} & = & \frac{1}{\tau_{\rm ps}}+\frac{1}{\tau_{\rm bs}}.
\label{eq_totlifetime}
\end{eqnarray}

From the above, we can calculate the phonon life time and thermal conductivity due to boundary scattering and  three-phonon scattering. This procedure requires the linear properties including phonon spectrum $\omega_{\kappa,n}^{\sigma}$, phonon velocity $v_{\kappa,n}^{\sigma}$, and the nonlinear property of the Gr\"uneisen parameter $\gamma_{\kappa,n}^{\sigma}$. All of these quantities are obtained from the Tersoff+UFFOOP potential.

\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{cdt_swbnt_5_0_tem.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) Thermal conductivity of SWBNT(5,0) with length 1, 5, 10 $\mu$m from bottom to top.}
  \label{fig_cdt_swbnt_5_0_tem}
\end{figure}
\section{calculation results and discussion}
We employ the Tersoff+UFFOOP potential to calculate all physical quantities required in the calculation of thermal conductivity. Fig.~\ref{fig_dispersion} shows the results for SWBNT(3,3), where $\kappa\in(-\pi/h, \pi/h]$ with $h=1.23$~{\AA}. Quantities belonging to $n=$ $-1$, 0, 1 are plotted in solid (blue online), dashed (red online), and dot (green online) lines. Thicker lines are used to mark physical quantities of the four acoustic phonon dispersions, i.e., the LA, the twisting (TW), and two TA phonon modes (or flexure modes). Panel (a) is the phonon spectrum parameterized by the helical quantum numbers $(\kappa,n)$. Different from the LA and TW modes, the zero point of the two TA modes are located at $(\kappa,n)=$ $(-\alpha,-1)$ and $(\alpha,1)$. Panel (b) shows the phonon spectrum parameterized by the linear quantum numbers $(k, m)$. The BZ of $k$ is only half of the BZ for the $\kappa$ and $m=-3,-2,-1,0,1,2$. These curves are obtained through the relationship between two sets of quantum numbers. The zero points of the four acoustic phonon dispersions are all in the $\Gamma$ point $(k,m)=(0,0)$. We can not tell the difference between the TA modes and the other acoustic modes through the position of the zero frequency any more. Panel (c) shows the phonon velocity. Let us concentrate on the six curves attributed to $n=0$ (dashed line, red online). Among the six phonon modes at $\kappa=0$, LA/TW modes are rigid translation/rotation of the SWBNT; so they do not contribute to the thermal conductivity. The other four modes have zero velocity; thus can not carry heat energy during thermal transport. Similarly, the twelve phonon modes at $\kappa=\pm \pi/h$ do not transfer heat energy directly, as their velocities are zero. In other SWBNT with even $N$, eg. SWBNT(4,2), we find that phonon velocities are also zero at BZ boundary $(\kappa,n)=(0,N/2)$.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{0.8}[0.8]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{cdt_swbnt_3_3_mode.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) (a). Thermal conductivity of 1 $\mu$m SWBNT(3,3) contributed from different acoustic phonon modes. (b). Life times for acoustic phonon modes.}
  \label{fig_cdt_swbnt_3_3_mode}
\end{figure}
 Actually, the zero velocity of phonon modes at BZ edge and optical modes at $\Gamma$ point is the result of the continuity and inversion symmetry of phonon velocities for optical modes. This is also true in bulk materials where the selection rules of three-phonon process are merely to conserve the momentum besides the energy conservation, while the conservation of quantum numbers corresponding to other point symmetries is ignored. Panel (d) shows the Gr\"uneisen parameter. Most phonon modes have positive $\gamma$, except the two TA modes whose $\gamma$ are large negative numbers. The large negative Gr\"uneisen parameter was also found in 2D graphene by Mounet {\it et~al.} doing first-principles calculation.\cite{Mounet} It is the origin of thermal contraction at low temperatures in many materials. The obtained Gr\"uneisen parameters are quite different for different phonon modes; so it is important to use a mode-dependent Gr\"uneisen parameter $\gamma_{\kappa,n}^{\sigma}$ in the calculation of thermal conductivity from Eqs.~(\ref{eq_conductivity})~(\ref{eq_pslifetime}).

Figure.~\ref{fig_cdt_swbnt_5_0_tem} shows the thermal conductivity in temperature range [1.0, 1000.0] K for SWBNT(5,0) with several different lengths. In the low temperature region, the thermal conductivity is limited mainly by the boundary scattering. $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ increases with increasing temperature according to the temperature dependence of phonon heat capacity as the boundary scattering is temperature independent. Around $T_{c}=80$ K, thermal conductivity reaches a maximum value, where boundary scattering and three-phonon scattering counterbalance each other. Above $T_{c}$, the three-phonon process becomes more important leading to the decrease of $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ with further temperature increase. The critical temperature $T_{c}$ is lower in longer tubes where boundary scattering contributes less than shorter tubes.
\begin{figure*}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1}[1]{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{flexuremode.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{The vibrational morphology of four flexure modes in SWBNT(5,0) with frequency increased from 1.7 cm$^{-1}$ to 26 cm$^{-1}$ in panels (a) to (d). The values displayed are $(\kappa,n,\sigma,\omega)$ for each mode.}
  \label{fig_flexuremode}
\end{figure*}
 With the increase of length, $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ increases due to weaker boundary scattering, exhibiting the ballistic characteristic thermal transport.

The acoustic modes are major heat carriers, because of their higher velocities compared with optical modes. Fig.~\ref{fig_cdt_swbnt_3_3_mode}~(a) shows the contribution from the four acoustic modes to $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ in 1 $\mu$m long SWBNT(3,3). It shows that the two TA modes dominant the thermal conductivity, although their velocities are smaller than the LA and TW acoustic modes. The TA vibrations are also most visible in the molecular dynamics simulation. Fig.~\ref{fig_flexuremode} displays the vibrational morphology of four selected TA modes. The length of arrow is proportional to the amplitude of vibrational displacement.

The TA modes are more effectively excited than LA and TW modes in whole temperature range because of their quadratic phonon spectra. As a result, there are more TA phonons to carry the heat energy. However, the TA modes should not have such a dominant contribution to $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ if they can not carry heat energy for a long time. Hence, it is also necessary to compare the life time of different phonon modes. The comparison is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_cdt_swbnt_3_3_mode}~(b). It shows that the life time of TA mode is about three to four orders longer than the LA/TW modes. From Fig.~\ref{fig_dispersion}~(d), the value of Gr\"uneisen parameters for general TA modes are close to that of the LA/TW modes. It means that there should be almost the same phonon-phonon scattering for all three acoustic modes between phonon modes $(\kappa,n,\sigma)$, $(\kappa',n',\sigma')$, and $(\kappa'',n'',\sigma'')$, satisfying the selection rules. However, for long-wave LA/TW modes, the energy conservation will always lead to $\sigma'=\sigma''$, while the other selection rules require $\kappa'$ to be close to $\kappa''$ and $n'=n''$. From Fig.~\ref{fig_dispersion}~(c), two modes with closer $\kappa$ and the same $(n,\sigma)$ will have similar phonon velocity, which results in very small value of group velocity $v_{g}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq_pslifetime}). As a result, the three-phonon scattering rate is extremely strong for LA/TW modes. The situation is quite different for TA modes, where the selection rules require $\kappa'$ to be far away from $\kappa''$ and $n\not=n'$. It will lead to a large value of $v_{g}$, which eventually results in a considerably weak three-phonon scattering rate. Considering the above two aspects of TA modes, we learn that the TA modes are fully excited in whole temperature range and can carry heat for a long time; so they dominate the thermal conductivity.

It has been well established that the thermal conductivity in bulk materials will converge with length increasing at some point, yet it is still an open issue in low-dimensional materials such as graphene or nanotube. The thermal conductivity shows different length dependence in different transport region. In the pure ballistic region, the thermal conductivity is proportional to the length; while $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ is length-independent in pure diffusive region. Intuited by these two situations, it is a usual trick to fit the thermal conductivity as an exponential function of length. This technique is useful in the study of thermal conductivity in nano-materials, where the Fourier law fails and the thermal transport is neither ballistic nor diffusive. From this point of view, the beta exponent in length dependence of thermal conductivity is a nice way to observe the thermal transport nature. The origins for the exponential behavior in ballistic and diffusive regions are clear, while there is no good reason for the exponential behavior of thermal transport between ballistic and diffusive. It can be taken as an artifact of fitting approximation at this moment.

We calculate $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ in [1.0, 1000] K for SWBNT(5,0) with lengths distributed in [0.3, 10] $\mu$m and SWBNT(10,0) with length $L\in$[0.3, 5] $\mu$m.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{cdt_swbnt_length.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) A natural logarithm of the thermal conductivity and length. Power function fitting for the thermal conductivity of SWBNT(5,0) with $L\in$ [0.3, 10]$\mu$m, and SWBNT(10,0) with $L\in$ [0.3, 5]$\mu$m at 300 K.}
  \label{fig_cdt_swbnt_length}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1.0}[1.0]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{cdt_swbnt_powerfactor.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) Temperature dependence for the power factors of SWBNT(5,0) and (10,0).}
  \label{fig_cdt_swbnt_powerfactor}
\end{figure}
 At each temperature, we fit $\kappa_{\rm ph}$ as a power function of $L$: $\kappa_{\rm ph}=aL^{\beta}$. Two fitting results at 300 K are illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig_cdt_swbnt_length}. In bulk materials, $\beta=1$ for ballistic transport, while $\beta=0$ in case of diffusive transport. For nano materials, the ballistic transport is easier to be observed, because the structure is too small for phonon-phonon scattering to take effect. However, a pure diffusive thermal transport has seldom been seen in quasi-one-dimensional systems.\cite{MaruyamaS,YaoZ,ZhangG,WangJ} $\beta$ should be smaller at higher temperatures where the three-phonon process becomes more important. A detailed study of the temperature-dependence of $\beta$ is very difficult to be done by molecular dynamics simulation because of large computation requirement. The above approach in Sec.IV can be used to perform this calculation efficiently. Fig.~\ref{fig_cdt_swbnt_powerfactor} shows that $\beta$ decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. $\beta$ has large value at low temperatures as it is almost in the ballistic transport region. With temperature increase, $\beta$ decreases faster in thinner tubes. In the high temperature limit, $\beta=$ 0.44 and 0.42 for SWBNT(5,0) and (10,0). The thermal transport in both tubes are not in the pure diffusive region. Thicker tubes are closer to the pure diffusive transport with smaller $\beta$. It is still unclear why the exponent $\beta$ decays exponentially with temperature increasing, even though such behavior has been clearly observed here.

\begin{figure}[htpb]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{1}[1]{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{lifetime.eps}}
  \end{center}
  \caption{(Color online) Phonon life time of TA modes in 2$\mu$m SWBNT(10,0) at 300 K. The life time due to boundary scattering, $\tau_{bs}$, is shown by blue stars. The three-phonon scattering life time, $\tau_{ps}$, is displayed by red open circles. The total life time is shownn by black diamond.}
  \label{fig_lifetime}
\end{figure}
The divergence of thermal conductivity with nonzero $\beta$ is the result of the competition between three-phonon scattering and boundary scattering of the TA modes, which dominate the thermal conductivity. Fig.~\ref{fig_lifetime} shows the life time for TA modes at room temperature. The drop-off of life time for low frequency phonons is due to the quadratic dispersion of the flexure modes, which leads to extremely large Gr\"uneisen parameter of these modes around $\kappa=\pm\alpha$ as displayed by Fig.~\ref{fig_dispersion}~(d). Another important feature of Fig.~\ref{fig_lifetime} is that the three-phonon scattering for TA modes around 50 and 70 cm$^{-1}$ is so weak that the life times of these modes are mainly limited by the boundary scattering. This part of contribution to the thermal conductivity will diverge with increasing length, i.e $\beta$ should be 1.0. Other flexure modes have considerable three-phonon scattering. Contribution from these phonons to the thermal conductivity does not depend on the length of SWBNT, i.e $\beta$ should be 0. The counteraction between these two mechanisms results in a power factor $\beta$ in the range [$0$, $1$]. Actually, a similar phenomenon was also found by Nika {\it et.al} for the thermal conductivity in graphene, where the boundary scattering still plays an important role for very large piece of graphene sample and eventually leads to the increase of thermal conductivity with increasing size.\cite{Nika}

\section{conclusion}
To conclude, the present work calculates the phonon life time due to boundary scattering and three-phonon scattering process in SWBNT. The linear and nonlinear physical quantities required in the calculation are obtained from the Tersoff+UFFOOP inter-atomic potential, which inherits the efficiency and stability of the original Tersoff potential and is suitable for the field of heat transport. The selection rules for three-phonon process are figured out by analyzing the symmetry group (line group) of SWBNT. A set of helical quantum numbers $(\kappa,n)$ corresponding to the line group is accepted in the selection rules instead of the usual linear quantum numbers $(k,m)$ corresponding to a subgroup of the line group. The calculation is focusing on the thermal conductivity for SWBNT with different lengths and the contribution of different phonon modes in the heat transport.

\textbf{Acknowledgements} The authors thank Y. F. Gu and Prof. Y. F. Chen at Southeast University for helpful correspondence, and Prof. B. S. Wang at IOS-CAS for insightful discussions. The work is supported by a URC grant of R-144-000-257-112 of National University of Singapore.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


"We did it!" Help NBYT to Do Even MORE in 2016!
Today is Giving Tuesday, and NBYT is in its third annual individual donor campaign which will run through the end of 2015. We know that our families and patrons already support us with participation fees, ticket purchases, program announcements, and more. You can help either not only by donating, but also by sharing this post to tell your family and friends why NBYT is important to you and your children and that this organization is deserving of their support.
"We did it!" one child jumped and shouted out, as the curtain closed on his afterschool performance this past May. Six months earlier, this third-grader had been a quiet and hesitant participant in an afterschool drama program at his New Britain public elementary school. After his participation with NBYT, he was a better reader, better speaker, and more confident student who was proud of all that he and cast mates had accomplished.
At New Britain Youth Theater, we've had a proud year all around. 2015 has been a year of phenomenal growth, new experiences, and happy successes for New Britain Youth Theater, with 2016 promising to shine even more brightly!
Our productions continue to impress the communities we serve, as we saw with our Teen Company production of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer performed at the historic Carriage House Theater in Hartford and in partnership with the nationally acclaimed Mark Twain House and Museum. Our Teen Company also revisited Shakespeare, offering free performances of A Midsummer Night's Dream outdoors at the New Britain Museum of Modern Art, and attracting the largest audience for the Teen Company to date. Our Kids on Stage and Little Kids on Stage performances have continued to impress as well. A combined total of over 800 audience members attended Unlocked: The True Story of Rapunzel, Stuart Little, and Winnie the Pooh!
We've established business partnerships with central Connecticut businesses and universities: our first ever book fair at Barnes & Noble at Blue Back Square allowed another performance opportunity for our new teen improv troupe, SquishyTown Asylum. The delicious and family-friendly Frisbie's Dairy Barn in New Britain donated many goods to help boost our raffles at the extremely successful summer musical, The Wizard of Oz—which reached our largest audience to date for a summer musical! And the Westfarms Mall branch of David's Tea added a touch of whimsy and refreshment with their Midsummer Night's Dream tea at our Shakespeare performance. Our fall productions of Winnie the Pooh and the upcoming A Christmas Carol have boasted promotional materials by the talented efforts of graphic design students from the University of Hartford.
NBYT is especially proud of all the school children we have been able to serve in afterschool, evening, and weekend programs in 2015. Eight New Britain schools and two Plainville schools involved over 300 children in theater arts-focused educational afterschool programs that culminated in performances for families and peers. Share Day Performances by students in Saturday classes and homeschool enrichment programs allowed over 100 children to show off their new stage skills. And seven main productions involved over 200 children and teens both onstage and backstage. Just as importantly, these children learned the skills necessary to work collaboratively as a team to reach a goal, while also gaining stage presence and confidence in their own voices—skills valued in the classroom and later in life in the work-place.
NBYT looks forward to all we can accomplish in 2016. In order to effectively serve our communities and children for the coming year, we ask for your help to serve even more participants. Due to our popularity in New Britain schools, over 100 children have signed up for our 2015-2016 school year program. Unfortunately, funding this school year can only provide for 50 children—and many had to be wait-listed or turned away. In our productions, we strive to never turn a child away regardless of a family's ability to pay participation fees; but paid participation fees and ticket sales covered only 62% of NBYT's expenses in the past fiscal year. For the remaining income, we rely on donations from a generous community.
$10 will pay for a child's script or costume in a production.
$25 will help to pay for a week of after-school programming for a child.
$50 will pay for design supplies for a class to help make props and costumes.
$100 will help to pay for royalty fees, scripts, set pieces, or props for a production.
New Britain Youth Theater is a non-profit organization and all donations are fully tax deductible. As our gift to you, all donations of $25 or more will receive an NBYT water bottle. Donations of $100 or more will receive the water bottle and two tickets to any of our shows throughout the coming year.
Tax-deductible donations may be made online using PayPal (to nbyt2010@gmail.com) or any major credit card by clicking on the logo below.
Mailed donations may be sent to New Britain Youth Theater, P.O. Box 306, New Britain, CT 06050-0306. NBYT also gladly accepts donations through workplace giving campaigns. Please ask employers about matching grant possibilities as well.
May your 2015 holiday season be filled with merriment and joy, and may 2016 bring you prosperity and peace!
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Bob Fever has swept the globe, with A Street Cat Named Bob vaulting its way to #7 on The New York Times bestseller list in its first week on sale. With rights sold to 27 countries around the globe and a top spot on the British bestseller list for more than a year, this book has been a smashing success around the world. As Street Cat Bob and James spend a cold and challenging December on the streets together, James once more draws strength and inspiration from his extraordinary cat--learning important lessons about the true meaning of Christmas along the way.
In this new story of their journey together, A Gift from Bob, James looks back at the last Christmas they spent scraping a living on the streets and how Bob helped him through one of his toughest times--providing strength, friendship and inspiration but also teaching him important lessons about the true meaning of Christmas along the way.


The Supreme Court yesterday brought the tenure of five sitting governors to an abrupt end, with the ruling that it�s unconstitutional and illegal for their stay in office to exceed the constitutional period of four years, irrespective of fresh elections. Consequently, speakers of the affected states� Houses of Assembly have taken over the administration of the states pending the conduct of fresh governorship elections.
The affected governors are Ibrahim Idris (Kogi), Murtala Nyako (Adamawa), Timipre Sylva (Bayelsa), Aliyu Wamakko (Sokoto) and Liyel Imoke (Cross River), whose tenure were earlier extended by a Federal High Court and the Court of Appeal beyond May 29, 2011.
The apex court, in a unanimous decision, held that election of the governors was annulled by the tribunal and not their oath of office and therefore, they have a tenure of four years from the time they took the first oath of office.
Justice Walter Onoghen, who read the lead judgment of the court, said the 1999 Constitution does not recognise a governor staying in office beyond four years.
He further held that the framers of the constitution did not envisage a re-run election, stating that no person elected under the 1999 Constitution can remain in office beyond the time provided by it.
The court also held that the 1999 Constitution did not envisage nullification, adding that even if the first election was annulled it cannot affect the oath of office and allegiance taken.
He further held that the acts of the governors, under the first election, could not be valid while the oath they took would be invalid.
According to Justice Onoghen, �generally speaking, a void act is void and nothing can be put on it. However, when you consider the nature and consequences of an election, which produced a winner, who was sworn in on the presumption that the election that produced him was regular and legally valid, then when that election is set aside or nullified, the nullification is only limited to the election and does not affect acts done while the person occupied that office.
In effect, what it all means is that the election that was later nullified was only voidable, not void, because if it is to be taken literally as void ab initio as being contended by some of the parties, it means the country would be plunged into chaos as all acts done by the governors must, of necessity, be null and void and of no effect whatsoever.
�So, when we have a situation, where the acts of the governor, whose election is nullified, are saved, then only legal explanation or meaning to be attached to the use of the words �null and void� in describing the said election by the court, is �voidable� ab initio.
�It is therefore, my considered view that what the lower court meant by saying that the elections were null and void is simply that they were voidable as a result of which they proceeded to annul same.
�I hold the considered view that since the acts performed during the period to the nullification of the election remains valid and subsisting and the same person contested and won the re-run election, thereby taking another set of oaths and since what was nullified was the election, the oaths they took on May 29, 2007 remains valid and the starting point in calculating their four years tenure of office as governors of their respective states, particularly as the 1999 constitution does not envisage a tenure exceeding four years by the same person who took the first oaths following the election which kick started the tenure.
�To accede to the argument of the respondents is to bring uncertainty into the clear provisions of section 180 (2) of the 1999 constitution, which will render the tenure of governors indefinite as what it will take an elected governor whose election is nullified to remain in office almost indefinitely or for life is to continue to win the re-run elections, which would then be nullified to continue the cycle of impunity.
�I hold the considered view that to uphold the validity of the acts of the governors in office, prior to the nullification of their election and reject the period they spent in office, during which time they performed those acts in the determination of the period of their tenure, is contrary to common sense and the clear intention of the framers of the constitution.
�The fact that there was an election in 2007 as a result of which the 1st respondents (governors) took their oaths of allegiance and of office are facts, which cannot be wished away, just as the acts they performed while occupying the seat. The said governors may not have been de jure governors following the nullification of their elections, which is not supported by the acceptance of their acts in that office as legal and binding on all and sundry, they were certainly governors de facto during the period they operated ostensibly in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and Electoral Act and as such the period they operated has to be taken into consideration in determining the terminal date of their tenure following, what I may call, their second missionary journey, vide a re-run election, particularly, as the constitution unequivocally grants a tenure of four years to a person elected governor of a state calculated from the date he took the oaths of allegiance and of office, which was May 29, 2007.
With the decision of the apex court, Speaker, Bayelsa State House of Assembly, Hon Nestor Binabo, has been sworn in as acting governor. Also, Hon James Barka, Speaker, Adamawa State House of Assembly, has taken oath of office as acting governor. In Cross River State, Hon Larry Odey, Speaker of the state House of Assembly is acting governor. Alhaji Lawal Zayyanu, Sokoto State House of Assembly Speaker is acting governor of the state.
In Kogi State, the governor-elect and member of the PDP, Capt Idris Wada, who emerged victorious in governorship election held last November, has been sworn in.
Meanwhile, mixed reactions have started trailing the judgment of the apex court among lawyers and politicians.
On his part, Jibrin Isah, in a statement by his consultant on public communication and strategy, Phrank Shaibu, described the Supreme Court ruling as a �cast-iron victory for truth and a clear-cut expression of the electoral wishes of the Kogi people and Nigerians.
�I congratulate all the justices on their courage and honesty, which are the pillars and hallmarks of the rule of law. I am proud of the courageous judgment. Truth and electoral wishes of the people have finally triumphed. As for the judiciary, it remains the last bastion of hope for the common man and custodian of the Rule of Law. We give kudos to our modern day Daniels. We are set for fresh elections, as may be ordered within 90 days. This has indeed, strengthened our position as the authentic and validly nominated candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) had approached the apex court to challenge the decision of the Court of Appeal, which upheld the decision of a Federal High Court sitting in Abuja that had earlier elongated the tenure of five governors.
A full panel of the Supreme Court had, on November 21, heard the argument of all counsel in the suit alongside three amicus curia invited to address it on the issue. The apex court had invited the trio of Chief Richard Akinjide, Professor Itse Sagay and Chief G.O.K Ajayi, all Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) to address it on the matter.
While Akinjide advised the apex court to uphold the decision of the lower court, the duo of Sagay and Ajayi urged it to reverse the decision.


Add a flash of colour to your promotional mugs with our stylish silicon coaster. The coaster fits neatly onto the mug base and are available in a choice of vibrant colours. 100% dishwasher proof. Your design is screen printed.


Cooking instant noodles is not necessarily a quick junk food-kind of snack. With a little effort, we can make healthier for the kids and for us. With that, I'm cooking noodles with carrots and bokchoy!
As few posts back, I shared with you a healthy way of cooking instant noodles. Today, I'd like to share another twist in cooking instant noodles.
Cooking noodles with carrots and bokchoy can be made into a healthy snack. It can also be a tasty soup for your main dish. All you need are some carrot bits and whatever leafy vegetable you have in your fridge. Here, I'm using bokchoy since that's what we have in ours. Shall we cook?
1. Boil 2-3 cups of water in a cooking pan. Follow the instructions in the pack as to the amount of water to be used.
2. When the water starts to boil, put the carrots and the noodles together.
3. When the noodles are cooked, put in the seasonings from the pack.
4. Put the egg in the pan and stir to make sure the eggs are broken.
6. Put in the bokchoy.
7. Put a teaspoon of sesame oil and cover until ready to serve.
Cooking noodles with carrots and bokchoy: A tasty meal!
This simple home cooking recipe makes a tasty soup with fried pork or chicken. It's also a nice quick meal in itself. Enjoy cooking noodles with carrots and bokchoy at home!
easy recipe, I just cooked the last bokchoy yesterday. will try this one once i have bokchoy again.
I love eating instant noodles and adding spices to it, or eggs. Lol.


text:
Oxypoda pseudolacustris är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Klimaszewski in Klimaszewski, Pelletier, Germain, Work och Hébert 2006. Oxypoda pseudolacustris ingår i släktet Oxypoda och familjen kortvingar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Kortvingar
pseudolacustris


In early August, I spent an amazing week immersed in music and creativity at SummerSongs, the annual retreat/camp that literally and completely changed my life 12 years ago.
That year, in 2004, I had to be convinced by several people that it was okay to give myself a week in the woods celebrating creativity. My Dad had just died two weeks before, and I was held together by invisible string. I certainly didn't feel strong enough to dive into a room of 100 strangers. And, for those of you who know me well, you'll know that I don't often go anywhere with the word "camp" in the title. I'm a Marriott gal! But, how could I have known at the time the beautiful gifts that SummerSongs would give me because I was open to a new experience.
Love and music rushed in to fill the hollow places carved out by sorrow. I've made lifelong friends from attending that camp, friends who have become my extended family. I've honed my songwriting chops. I am easier on myself, finding the ability to find humor in stressful or challenging situations.
This year, I was honored to be a mentor and coach at this amazing songwriting camp, founded by my dear friend Penny Nichols. I loved the new location at Stony Point Center, with its many programs that focus on interfaith and several young people from different cultures who live there and share dialog, all working for peace and understanding.


We use an information model as the base for the application.
The information model can be represented in styles such as UML, ERD or ORM.
We extend UML with information such as identity to be able to generate primary keys and optional v.s. required columns.
We do not generate code. Cathedron uses a run-time interpreter.
Cathedron supports regeneration after the model is changed. (While some tools only offer you initial skeleton code).
Model Driven Development enables you to increase both speed of development and the quality of your information systems. Surely MDD will not be the end of all your 'development problems', nor will it be the absolute perfect solution. It is however a very fast and reliable method to develop data driven systems.
We have never believed a single technique could do the trick. Although generation is very powerful, it is useless if you cannot easily customize the interface and create the application logic you require. For more demanding applications you should even be able to integrate code, screens and components created in a 'normal' 3GL environment. Cathedron combines several techniques to offer a flexible development environment.
Model Driven Development Default screens and functionality are derived from the information model (structure of your database).
Interface definition language The high level interface language can be used to customize the look of the default screens.
Integrated scripting language Use an normal 3GL (Pascal) to write and debug your constraints and logic. The editor includes syntax highlighting, real time information about parameters and methods, macro recording and code completion.
Industry standard extendibility Extend your system by calling Dynamic Link Libraries, COM/ActiveX objects or external applications.
The options below are currently only available on request. They are not integrated into the standard releases of Cathedron.
Workflow support Using the workflow module you can add workflow to your system. In the most simple situation you can use the workflow as an authorization schema. During the design fase you can add descriptions (Use Cases) for each process. If you maintain the descriptions they will become a valuable online manual (Perfect for ISO certification). If you want to create a system that really implements the workflow you can use Cathedron to easily create wizards and statusviews (action lists).
Full integration with Codegear Delphi Integration with Delphi allows you to expand Cathedron in any way you want. Integrate your code, forms and components. You can expand the scripting language and create your own form templates.
A lot of tools claim to be Model Driven Architecture tools. Compared to the features of those tools, one could say Cathedron is an MDA tool.
Cathedron uses the so called PIM and PSM models from MDA.
We do not import or export XMI. (Altough this should be a standard there are numerous of different XMI formats).
We do not generate code (although this is not explicitly required by MDA).
Click here to continue to the demonstration and instruction video's.


text:
Kim Jong Un and the Place of Pride
By: Andray Abrahamian
By making it personal, both Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump are boxing themselves in.
At the UN General Assembly on September 19, US President Donald Trump said "Rocket Man is on a suicide mission for himself and his regime," referring to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Kim responded with a highly unusual, personally written front page editorial in Rodong Shinmun, calling Trump a "dotard," among other things. Trump then amended his insult to "Little Rocket Man" in a tweet following DPRK Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho's UN General Assembly address.
He used this taunt again on October 1 after US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson had told the press that lines of communication were open to Pyongyang and the prospect of talks were being explored. Undercutting his cabinet member in a direct and spectacular fashion, Trump tweeted that "I told Rex Tillerson, our wonderful Secretary of State, that he is wasting his time trying to negotiate with Little Rocket Man."
Aside from the confusing signals he's sending to Pyongyang by undermining the credibility of negotiators, the escalation towards personal insults carries several real downsides. First, he's clearly upset Kim Jong Un, potentially clouding decision-making in the ongoing crisis. Second, in a system where the "dignity" of the state is prize above all else and conflated with reverence for the leader, policy-making elites around Kim will find it harder to advocate for discussions or compromise as long as the symbolic and practical heart of their country is being insulted. Ordinary citizens will have to be seen rallying around their leader, also.
North Korean media regularly criticizes those who insult the "dignity of the DPRK." Vague denouncements against media or foreign individuals are so frequent it is almost comical. The issue of North Korea's self-perceived dignity is less funny in some cases, such as in August when a DPRK high court sentenced four South Korean journalists to death for "insulting the dignity" of the country. Their crime was interviewing two British journalists who had written a book that "viciously slandered the reality of the DPRK".
Such pronouncements represent a demand for respect from an extremely proud political culture. Many North Koreans, certainly in the leadership, feel their country doesn't get the acknowledgement it deserves from the international community.
From their perspective, the DPRK is a small country that can: stand up against US might; build steel factories; dam up their main arterial river (they are exceedingly proud of this one); and build nuclear weapons in the face of tremendous pressure. They are obsessed with the idea of self-reliance, of a dignified Korea going its own way in a hostile world.
It is a country that chose perceived dignity and self-reliance at the expense of millions of starving citizens in the 1990s. It is a country that chose to garrison itself in a way that has made it extremely resistant to external pressure or influence, but at the expense of the freedom of its citizens.
At the heart of their political culture sits Kim Jong Un, the maximal leader of this garrison state. It is nearly impossible to overstate the personality cult that three generations of Kims have enjoyed. Literal songs of praise, starting in kindergarten; Weekly pledges of loyalty in mandated political study sessions; Every living room displaying pictures of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il; Every academic essay beginning with a quotation by one of the three Kims. Kim Jong Un is the manifestation and guardian of everything it means to be North Korean.
The seat of practical power is also the embodiment of political and social life. Thus, when Donald Trump took to personally insulting Kim Jong Un, he crossed a rhetorical line that Pyongyang will take more seriously than he could possibly imagine. Trump's condescending "rocket man" swipes were in a sense assaults at the heart of North Korea, far graver than bombers flying off the coast in a show of force.
Every North Korean—regardless of how he or she actually feels—must publicly push back against such slurs. As long as insults continue, it is difficult to imagine anyone in Pyongyang considering meaningful talks to diffuse this crisis. In a fast-moving situation, any time lost could be catastrophic.
Kim Jong Un upped the ante, too. After all, he is not just a symbol but also apparently a quite prideful person. To defend his "dignity," he slung his own insults back in the Rodong Sinmun.
In doing so, Kim not only forced English speakers to look up the word "dotard," but also made it clear to every one of his citizens that he took Trump's insults very personally. Fortunately, he was light on prescriptions for action: statements by the Kims tend to become orthodoxy. But still, in a system where every person—certainly anyone near the top—competes to show loyalty to the leader, Kim has reduced the prospect of people close to him suggesting negotiations or compromises. Debate at the very top of North Korean politics does exist, but it comes prior to the leader's decision. Kim has now narrowed that debate. Who could be seen to be advocating a softer line, when the dignity of their leader continues to be impugned?
If a cataclysm on the Korean peninsula is to be avoided, President Trump must dial back the personal nature of his rhetoric. What worked well on the campaign trail will not yield results with Kim Jong Un. Kim will push back. He may even stumble into a war for the sake of his personal pride.
Andray Abrahamian is a Visiting Fellow at the Jeju Peace Institute and has visited North Korea multiple times.
andray abrahamian
ri yong ho
38 North Press Call Transcript: Kim Jong Un's 2020 New Year's Address: No, Kim Jong Un Is Not Taking a Wait and See Approach
Russia's Policy Toward North Korea: Following China's Lead
Revisiting Kim Jong Un's New Year's Address: Missed Signals and Opportunities in 2019
Glyn Ford
Commentary, Domestic Affairs, Foreign Affairs


2 519,30 3 599,00 -30, ajouter code promo la redoute 30 euros au panier.Lettre d'informations Nous suivre Catégories Informations Mon compte Contact Afin de vous proposer le meilleur service possible, ce site utilise des cookies.Chez Barracuda, vous trouverez une gamme extrêmement large de VTT "traditionnels"..
Background In 2009, the Government of Canada committed in the Copenhagen Accord to reducing total GHG emissions by levels by 2020, a national target that mirrors that of the United States.Values updated from those presented in Fat Tails, Thin Tails, and reduction spectacle provins Climate..
It makes other animated films look positively childish, yet will win the hearts of kids and adults.
It's not often that I'm reduced to a pile of thirtysomething tears and sobering sniffles, but Pixar bon réduction groupon mainstays Pete Docter and Bob Peterson created such a touching tale, such a rousing adventure, such a gorgeous masterpiece that I was completely enraptured by everything that graced.
Frequency Blu-ray, Video Quality The Canadian cinematographer Alar Kivilo ( The Blind Side, The Lookout ) was the DP on Frequency, and the film is notable for the subtle intensity of its imagery, which Kivilo achieved through a combination of deep blacks and blues, sharp.
Up Blu-ray, Overall Score and Recommendation What more can I possibly say?The LFE channel gets a full workout as well, dutifully supporting the slightest thoom s and the most abrupt boom s Carl and Russell's adventure has in store.Reviewed by Kenneth Brown, October 30, 2009 I'm unashamed to admit that Up wrecked.Muntz is a complicated, believable antagonist: a washed up icon determined to prove his worth no matter the personal cost.Up isn't just an exceptional animated film, it's one of the best films of the year.His whirlwind adventure doesn't reek of rip-roaring randomness or Saturday-morning silliness, it's bolstered by very real, very familiar pain that drives him forward and pushes him to be a better man.In 1999, John, now fully grown (Caviezel lives in the same house with his long-time girlfriend, Samantha (Melissa Errico)except that Samantha is in the process of moving code promo tati black friday out.Despite a great many challenges, Docter and Peterson manage to flawlessly transition Up 's tragic opening into an undeniably entertaining second act.It's a narrative tour de force that's been capably transferred to Blu-ray.Up Blu-ray, Audio Quality Disney has once again paired a striking video transfer with an equally jaw-dropping, exceedingly faithful, and incredibly involving DTS-HD Master Audio.1 surround track.It didn't make my lip quiver.Acquista dvd film cercando tra le novità in arrivo e le ultime uscite, le occasioni e gli outlet, tutte le promozioni e le offerte blu-ray.Coming in third was.His desperate attachment to his house is more about holding onto Ellie than a home.
In 1969, unusual sunspot activity has caused the aurora borealis to appear over Queens (where, in reality, it has never been seen).
By genre (62544) (49706) (13465) (9837) (6872) (46735) (10443) (3500) (30440) (6364) (7598) (74139) (8187) (2174) (19061) (29472) (1835) (14140) (2609) (9230) (1895) (24829) (1338) (5629) (3693) (14944) (6010) (18433) (2229) (883) (12089) (5279) (25148) (33081) (778) (4483) (8148) (2505) (5456) (52244) (8691) (4014.Dialogue never wavers, voices are never lost in the mix, and vocal clarity and weight is astounding.The dialogue is always clear, unless your ear happens to have trouble with the Queens accent carefully learned by the cast and vouched for as accurate on the commentary track by composer Michael Kamen, a native.Carl and Ellie struggle with finances, reevaluate their dreams, learn they can't have children, and discover that Ellie has cancer.22-28: The Citizen Abides (Update) - March 4, 2010 The new releases of the week ended February 28 were unable to unseat Anchor Bay's Law Abiding Citizen from the top spot on Blu-ray, according to Nielsen VideoScan.To their credit, Docter and Peterson spend just enough time with the events that lead Carl to Paradise Falls, just enough time with his wife, that everything that follows pulses with a palpable heartbeat.
More remise sncf pour demandeur d'emploi than an animated adventure, more than a heartwarming story, more than a colorful trek, it's the best animated film of the year, one of my favorite animated films of all time and, hands down, one of the best films of 2009.
Russell is as endearing as young characters come: his intense curiosity, short attention span, and fledgling self esteem are masterfully paired with Carl's embittered disposition, making the pair's relationship one both young and old viewers will enjoy watching unfold.
Frequency Blu-ray, Audio Quality Frequency 's DTS-HD.1 track has an expansive and involving presence, whose power is immediately evident during the early sequence when Frank Sullivan rescues Con Ed workers trapped in an underground steam tunnel by an overturned gasoline tanker.


The DC4 comes with the a light shaft constructed of a solid steel coil. This design makes the brush travel precisely in the center of the duct for a distance of up to 90 feet. Cleaning of vertical ducts from the bottom and up is done efficiently, - even a 90 degree bend is no obstacle. Another new feature is a adjustable, automatic left-to-right run system which makes cleaning of square ducts just as easy as round ducts. Just feed the shaft down the duct, and the Danduct Clean DC4 will do the rest. High quality, craftsmanship and innovative construction: the Danduct Clean DC4 Duct Cleaning machine is your way to a better cleaning job.
Ice Tech. The dry ice machine has been developed from a wish to make cleaning equipment, which especially considers the industry's wish to reduce the follow costs by cleaning of machinery . The advantage by dry ice cleaning is that it is a very efficient, but completely dry cleaning process, which does not leave any waste products. The dry ice evaporates and therefor most often can be used for cleaning of machinery, without dismantling it. Fields of application: Food production, Plastic industry, Petrol - chemical industry, Foundries, Chemical industry, printing houses, textile industry and all other places, where oil, fat, adhesives, paint, ink, bitumen, vax and other kinds of dirt are to be cleaned off.
Micro Inspector. The new remote controlled Danduct Clean inspection camera for professional inspection of HVAC systems. he compact 4-wheel camera system has two cameras, a colour camera on the front and a rear black and white camera. The low weight and compact size enables the new Micro Inspector to go into duct sizes as small as Digital Viewing. Everything can be viewed on the small LCD colour monitor. Or use the additional GrabBee program to view and record everything on your laptop. The Micro Inspector is easily controlled from the joystick and the powerfull LED lights provides you a perfect view of the inside of the duct work.
MPR (Multi Purpose Robot). The only professional and effective way of cleaning rectangular ductwork is by using a remote controlled robot. The special designed brush system enables the robot to perform a 100% job in those difficult corners. A strong 4-wheel drive and the proportional control of each engine separately, makes the robot go into curves without having to block any of the engines. The robot easily carries a compressed air hose or a coating cable to a distance of 30 meters or more.
TecCam TecCam is an easy to use lightweight manual inspection tool that can reach up to 12 meter inside the ductwork, it weighs less than 2 Kg. The black & White camera head with infrared light is positioned at a flexible shaft that can pass numerous 90° bends. It fits through 42 mm openings and can manoeuvre through most turning vaves. The infrared light source provides exceptional illumination with reduced glare on the duct surface.
Ventilator VT4000. With the new Danduct Clean VT4000 ventilator unit you have the perfect all-in-one solution to extract and filtrate all dust and debris from the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The mobile unit is equipped with a standard 16-m˛ Hepafilter, which allows you to use it even in strict surroundings like a hospital. For easy cleaning and to minimise downtime the filter unit is equipped with a rotorclean system, which will also extend the lifetime of the filter significantly. For extra filtration a Hepa filter cassette can be installed.


First of all congratulations on getting to this page. I'm not 100% sure why I've bothered with an About Me page, as I'm pretty certain no-one is interested about who I am. But it seemed like a good idea when I upgraded the site so I will waffle on regardless.
I'll start with the fact that I am obviously an Arsenal fan. I love Arsenal, they make me happy and they make me sad in equal measure.
I have supported Arsenal for over 26 years and I feel privileged to have been a fan over that period. The ecstasy of Anfield in 89′, the Cup Double in 93′, Cup Winner's Cup in 94′ and then of course the Wenger Era.
I started "blogging" about Arsenal in 2004, and decided to revamp and rename the site in 2006, and I have been here ever since.
I would say that I am a typical passionate fan, who loves to talk about Arsenal to anyone who will listen. I started blogging about Arsenal because it is my passion, and as well it is a great way to get opinions from other fans across the world.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Trump Wants Better Crime-Fighting Data? We Should Start With Counting All Shootings.
We can't understand gun violence without the full picture.
By Jeff Asher
AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh
President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Thursday calling for a task force to help reduce crime in the United States. The order instructs the task force to evaluate the "availability and adequacy of crime-related data," and identify ways to improve data collection that "will aid in the understanding of crime trends and in the reduction of crime."
Better data would be a welcome development. The public's perceptions of crime often differ from the realities of the problem at a local, state and national level. Timely data and analysis is critical to both accurately informing the public of crime trends and evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for reducing crime.
Good data is especially vital to understanding gun violence, which has driven a nationwide increase in the murder rate over the last two years. Firearms were used in 71.5 percent of homicides nationwide in 2015. In urban areas, it's closer to 90 percent. But despite renewed attention — gun violence, particularly in Chicago, has become a topic of interest for President Trump — there remains a serious information deficit about where shootings occur and who is affected.
Federal statistics on gun violence are imprecise, and released many months after the fact. At the local level, data collection isn't much better. Many major American cities don't even track shootings as a distinct crime category.
Currently, crime data are collected by police departments and eventually sent to the FBI, which collates and publishes the information under the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) program. However, a researcher, law enforcement officer, or journalist accessing UCR can't simply sort crime statistics by shootings.
Instead, the database includes the majority of shootings under two broad categories: murder and aggravated assaults. Both these descriptions are imperfect for understanding gun violence. "Murder" includes killings that do not involve a firearm, for instance, and "aggravated assault" extends to any type of violent assault. The case of a person who is shot and paralyzed is counted as an assault, just the same as a person whose arm is broken by a baseball bat in a fight. And while UCR does provide national statistics on the types of weapons used in murders and assaults, it does not break down to the city level. Additionally, assaults include instances where an individual is shot at but not injured, which have a tendency to be badly under-reported.
This presents an immense hurdle for people looking to analyze patterns of gun violence — to get accurate shooting data, they must instead work through police departments or cite independent reports, if they are available. In other words: the data do not exist for an accurate, nationwide portrait of shootings.
The UCR's other great shortcoming is its tardiness. The FBI's 2016 report won't be published until sometime in late September of this year. That will mean that nine full months will have elapsed since the end of the year with no formal record of national crime trends.
As a crime analyst, I have experienced the challenges of not having fresh data. Last month I published an assessment of murder rates in big cities in 2016. Because the FBI's UCR takes so long to update, I had to use a mashup of data from individual police departments. The absence of timely data makes it difficult to recognize even important patterns — including rising murder rates in many big cities — as they develop, and the lack of precise data on gun violence exacerbates the difficulty of analyzing, understanding, and reversing these changes.
The murky definition of assault in particular presents one of the greatest hurdles to understanding the scope of gun violence. Without knowing how many shootings a city has had — defined here as any instance in which a person fired a gun and hit another person — it's impossible to analyze what might be driving gun violence up or down.
Of course, some cities, like Chicago and Louisville, do take it upon themselves to count shootings, though their reports won't make it to the UCR. Others, like Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Kansas City, and St Louis, produce publicly available daily murder counts. New Orleans makes a log of all 911 calls available online for public review, and Milwaukee produces data-rich assessments of gun violence patterns.
But many cities, without any guidance from the government, do not specifically track nonfatal shootings. Take the examples of Memphis, San Antonio, and Las Vegas — three cities which each saw murder rates rise by more than 30 percent in 2016. None of these cities collect data on shootings, a practice that could provide crucial insights into what's behind the spikes.
Murder rose nationally in 2015 and 2016, though it is roughly at the same low level it was in 1960. Analyzing high-quality data is the key to understanding important emerging trends. The collection and timely publication of gun-violence data, therefore, is a prerequisite to any national murder-reduction effort.
Jeff Asher
What We Know (and Don't Know) About Immigrants and Violent Crime
Trump demanded reports on immigrants and crime. Existing research shows that they are not nearly the threat the president has made them out to be.
Aviva Shen