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Uno studio di scacchi, o più semplicemente uno studio, è una composizione scacchistica che rappresenta un finale di partita, creata da un compositore di studi, in cui si presenta al solutore una posizione da risolvere.

Introduzione
Lo studio di scacchi è diverso dal problema di scacchi per vari aspetti: nello studio non è indicato il numero di mosse per arrivare alla soluzione, mentre il problema si presenta generalmente con l'enunciato "il Bianco muove e dà matto in due mosse" oppure "il Bianco muove e dà matto in n mosse". La posizione iniziale di un problema è generalmente molto artificiale, difficilmente raggiungibile in partita. L'enunciato di uno studio è del tipo "il Bianco muove e vince" oppure "il Bianco muove e patta", e la posizione iniziale rappresenta un finale che, salvo rare eccezioni, è raggiungibile in partita.

Molti studi hanno dato contributi essenziali alla teoria dei finali, essendo in essi indicata la manovra corretta per vincere o pattare in una determinata posizione. Come per i problemi, lo studio per essere corretto deve avere un'unica soluzione, pur permettendo in alcuni casi mosse alternative minori, come per es. muovere un Cavallo da b1 a b5 con la manovra b1-c3-b5 oppure b1-a3-b5; in tal caso si ha un "duale". Se lo studio ha una soluzione diversa fin dalla prima mossa da quella proposta dall'autore si ha un "cook" e lo studio viene detto "demolito".

Gli studi vengono presentati in concorsi di composizione di studi, oggi regolamentati dalla WFCC (World Federation for Chess Composition).

La FIDE, tramite la WFCC, attribuisce i seguenti titoli a vita (assegnati indistintamente sia per la composizione di studi che di problemi):
 Grande Maestro della composizione
 Maestro internazionale della composizione
 Maestro della composizione
 Maestro onorario della composizione
 Giudice internazionale per la composizione
 Grande Maestro della soluzione
 Maestro internazionale della soluzione
 Maestro della soluzione

Sono stati studiati vari metodi per la classificazione degli studi, i più usati attualmente sono:
 il codice GBR
 la notazione Forsyth-Edwards
Il codice di classificazione è utile per la ricerca di un determinato studio o posizione nei database. Il database dell'olandese Harold van der Heijden comprende (edizione del 2010) oltre 76.000 studi, ed è considerato di riferimento a livello internazionale.

Esempi

Sulla destra vediamo un famoso studio di Richard Réti.

A prima vista sembra impossibile che il Bianco possa pattare: se il Re Bianco cerca di portarsi verso il pedone Nero non potrà mai raggiungerlo, mentre il Nero può catturare il pedone Bianco se cerca di promuovere.
Tuttavia il Bianco può trarre vantaggio dal fatto che il Re può muovere in due direzioni nello stesso tempo: verso il pedone Nero e verso il proprio pedone.

La soluzione è la seguente: 1.Rg7! h4 (1...Rb6 2.Rf6! h4 3.Re5! con trasposizione) 2.Rf6! Rb6 (se 2...h3, 3.Re6 h2 4.c7 Rb7 5.Rd7 e anche il Bianco promuove) 3.Re5! Ora se 3...Rxc6 il Re Bianco si porta in f4 e ferma il pedone, mentre se 3...h3 4.Rd6 ed anche il Bianco promuove. In ogni caso il Bianco riesce ad ottenere la patta.

Questo tipo di finale è trattato nell'articolo Finali di pedoni.

Uno studio più complesso è quello del diagramma a destra, del compositore austriaco Alois Wotawa.

Sembra impossibile che il Bianco possa vincere, in quanto il pedone in a4 non può essere fermato. Ma anche il Bianco può promuovere, e se il Nero volesse impedirlo a suo carico sono pronte, incredibilmente, due varianti di matto!

 Soluzione:
1.Rh6!! Per giocare una mossa così apparentemente assurda bisogna aver calcolato molte difficili continuazioni.

1...a3 2.e6! con due svolgimenti:

- a)  2...dxe6 3.Ae5!! Rxe5 4.Rg5 a2 5.f4 matto;

- b)  2...Rxe6 3.Rg6 a2 4.f4 a1=D 5.f5 matto.

Una composizione molto originale dall'esito sorprendente, tipica dello stile di Alois Wotawa.

Storia

La composizione di studi è precedente alla forma moderna degli scacchi. Si trovano alcuni studi degli scacchi (Shatranj) in manoscritti risalenti al IX secolo. Gli arabi introdussero in Europa nel IX secolo una tipologia di studi simili a quelli moderni, detti mansūba, nei quali veniva fornita una posizione di mediogioco o finale con un determinato obiettivo (es. il Bianco muove e vince). Uno dei più noti tra quelli pervenuti è il matto di Dilārām, tramandato in un manoscritto di scacchi del XV secolo redatto da Firdewsi al-Tahihal, ma le cui origini risalgono al X secolo e probabilmente sono attribuibili al maestro arabo di shatranj Abu Bakr ibn Yahya al-Suli. Un aneddoto narra che il principe Murwardi, appassionato giocatore, in una sessione di gioco avesse perso tutti i suoi averi, mettendo in premio la sua bellissima moglie, Dilārām, in un'ultima disperata partita di rivincita. Il principe stava perdendo (posizione del diagramma a lato) quando Dilārām, con la frase "oh principe, sacrifica le torri ma non tua moglie", gli avrebbe suggerito una combinazione con la quale Murwardi vinse la partita, ovvero:

1.Th8+ Rxh8 2.Af5+ Rg8 3.Th8+ Rxh8 4.g7+ Rg8 5.Ch6#

I primi trattati sugli scacchi moderni, come quelli di Luis Ramírez de Lucena e Pedro Damiano (verso la fine del XV e inizio del XVI secolo) comprendono alcuni studi. Tuttavia questi studi sono ben diversi da quelli attuali, essendovi spesso pezzi non essenziali per la soluzione, cosa non permessa attualmente. Queste composizioni venivano chiamate con vari nomi (per es. Damiano le definiva "suttilitatae").

Il primo uso del termine studi risale al 1851 nell'opera "Chess Studies" dei tedeschi Bernhard Horwitz e Josef Kling, considerata generalmente come l'inizio della studistica moderna. Si ritiene che la composizione di studi si sia evoluta in una vera e propria arte verso la fine del XIX secolo, con Aleksej Troickij e Henri Rinck tra i primi esponenti più importanti.

Molti compositori, come Troickij, Rinck e Leonid Kubbel, sono conosciuti solo per la loro attività di studisti, ma alcuni famosi giocatori, tra cui Emanuel Lasker, Richard Réti, Vasilij Smyslov, Paul Keres, Pál Benkő, Aleksandr Beljavskij e Jan Timman, sono stati anche compositori di studi.

Principali compositori di studi
Nota: i compositori italiani sono elencati nella sezione successiva. I dati biografici e statistici sono tratti dal sito ARVES (v. link esterni) e dal database di Harold van der Heijden, ed. 2005.

Yochanan Afek (n. Tel Aviv 1952). Maestro internazionale FIDE per la composizione (1989). Ha pubblicato circa 120 studi e 80 problemi, ottenendo numerosi riconoscimenti, tra cui 5 primi premi.
Iuri Akobia (n. 1937). Compositore georgiano di circa 500 studi, autore del primo volume della antologia "4332 Stalemate Studies" e con Nadareishvili del secondo e terzo volume di "4492 Checkmate Studies" e "4324 Positional Draw studies". Ingegnere radiotecnico, è stato a lungo direttore della TV di stato georgiana.
Jurij Averbach (n. 1922). Grande Maestro e compositore di studi russo. Molti suoi studi, specialmente di Torre e pedone contro Cavallo e pedone, sono considerati dei classici. Assieme a Čechover, Kopaev ed altri pubblicò nel 1956 un'enciclopedia in 5 volumi sui finali: "Lehrbuch der Endspiele", tradotta poi in inglese.
Jurij Bazlov (n. 1947). Compositore di studi russo, vincitore nel 2005 e 2006 del concorso "Studio dell'anno" indetto dalla PCCC (Permanent Commission for Chess Composition) e di 24 primi premi in concorsi internazionali.
Oleksandr Beljavs'kyj (n. 1953). Grande Maestro ucraino e compositore di circa 40 studi, alcuni dei quali in collaborazione con Mitrofanov, col quale ha vinto tre primi premi. Da diversi anni vive stabilmente in Slovenia.
Pál Benkő (n. 1928). GM ungherese, nel 1956 si trasferì negli USA. Compose numerosi studi, ottenendo diverse premiazioni, tra cui 12 primi premi.
Charles Bent (1919-2004). È stato il più prolifico compositore di studi inglese, con 848 studi pubblicati. Vincitore di 72 riconoscimenti tra cui sette primi premi.
Johann Berger (1845-1933). Giocatore, studista e problemista austriaco.
Zinovy Birnov (1911-1967). Compositore russo di oltre 100 studi.
Filip Bondarenko (1905-1993). Compositore ucraino di oltre 400 studi, molti dei quali in collaborazione con Kuznetsov. Pubblicò nel 1955 la raccolta di studi "Trionfo dello Studio Sovietico". Vincitore di dieci primi premi.
Vladimir Bron (1909-1985). Compositore ucraino/sovietico di circa 400 studi. Autore di Studi e problemi scelti (1969), ottenne 32 primi premi.
Oscar Carlsson (n. 1924). Compositore di studi e giudice internazionale argentino.
Vitalij Čechover (1908-1965). Forte giocatore (partecipò a cinque campionati sovietici) e compositore russo, considerato il massimo esperto dei finali di Cavallo. Autore con Averbakh del 3° volume di un'enciclopedia sui finali: Queen and pawns, Queen vs. Rook, Queen vs. minor Pieces (1956).
André Chéron (1895-1980). Campione francese nel 1926-27-28, si dedicò poi alla composizione di studi. Molti suoi lavori sono considerati dei classici nella teoria dei finali. Pubblicò nel 1952 un'antologia sugli studi in tre volumi.
Emilian Dobrescu (n. 1933). È considerato il maggior studista rumeno. Autore di numerose pubblicazioni, tra cui "Chess Study Composition". Grande Maestro della composizione, ha ottenuto moltissime premiazioni, tra cui 67 primi premi. Ha collaborato spesso con Virgil Nestorescu. Insegnante di Economia in varie università rumene.

Oldřich Duras (1882-1957). Giocatore e studista ceco. Nel 1914 si ritirò dagli scacchi giocati per dedicarsi interamente alla composizione di studi.

Paul Farago (1886-1970). Compositore di studi ungherese, si trasferì a 24 anni in Romania dove rimase per il resto della vita. Compose circa 200 studi.
Jindřich Fritz (1912–1984). Grande Maestro cecoslovacco per la composizione, autore di circa 500 studi e problemi. Assieme a Richard Réti è considerato tra i maggiori rappresentanti della scuola studistica boema, nella quale la maggior parte dei suoi studi terminano con lo scacco matto o con lo stallo. Vincitore di 26 primi premi.
Tigran Gorgiev (1910-1976). Compositore sovietico/ucraino, vincitore di 32 primi premi. È considerato tra i maggiori autori del genere "grottesco", cioè con posizioni praticamente irraggiungibili in partita.

Nikolaj Grigoriev (1895-1938). Giocatore e compositore russo. Partecipò ai primi quattro campionati sovietici e giocò nel 1922 un match con Alechin (–3 =3). Particolarmente esperto negli studi di soli pedoni e di Torri e pedoni. Autore di Finali di Scacchi, tradotto in italiano da Giorgio Porreca (1965).
Aleksandr Guljaev-Grin (n. 1908). Studista e problemista russo. Dal 1958 adottò lo pseudonimo Alexander Grin per tutti i suoi studi. Compose circa 200 studi ottenendo 8 primi premi.
David Gurgenidze (n. 1933). Grande maestro georgiano per la composizione (da non confondere col GM georgiano Bukhuti Gurgenidze). Collaborò spesso con Yuri Akobia. Compose oltre 500 studi e circa 200 problemi. Ottenne molti riconoscimenti, tra cui 32 primi premi.

Abram Gurvič (Baku 1897-Mosca 1962). Compositore russo di un centinaio di studi, dei quali undici vinsero il primo premio. È stato definito «il poeta» per la particolare eleganza dei suoi studi. Autore di varie pubblicazioni tra cui Soviet Chess Problems, di professione era critico letterario e teatrale.
Vitaly Halberstadt (Odessa 1903-Parigi 1968). Compositore russo/ucraino naturalizzato francese. Autore di numerosi studi, alcuni in collaborazione con Leonid Kubbel. Vinse molti primi premi.
Miroslav Havel (1881-1958). Problemista e studista cecoslovacco, autore di circa 1500 problemi, dei quali 65 ottennero il primo premio, e circa 60 studi, dei quali 9 ottennero il primo premio. Il suo vero nome era Miroslav Kostal.
Aleksandr Gerbstman (1900-1982). Compositore russo e giudice internazionale FIDE per la composizione, vincitore di 22 primi premi.
Jehuda Hoch (n. 1946). Compositore di studi israeliano di origine rumena.
David Hooper (1915-1998). Giocatore e studista inglese, autore di "A Pocket Guide to Chess Endgames".
Bernhard Horwitz (1807-1885). Compositore tedesco, autore insieme a Kling di circa 400 studi. Autore della prima raccolta di studi: Chess Studies Londra 1851. Gli Alfieri su diagonali adiacenti diretti verso l'arrocco avversario sono detti Alfieri di Horwitz.
Vitold Jakimčik (1911-1977). Compositore russo di circa 100 studi. Secondo Kasparyan " ha creato studi di qualità eccezionale, che avranno sempre un posto di altissimo rilievo nella storia della composizione". Ottenne molti riconoscimenti, ma non partecipò mai a concorsi fuori dall'Unione Sovietica.
Viktor Jakovenko (n. 1941) Compositore russo di circa 30 studi.
Leonid Jaroš (n. 1957). Problemista russo, autore di un famoso problema di matto in quattro in cui viene applicato il tema Babson: contropromozioni multiple in cui il Bianco promuove allo stesso pezzo scelto per la promozione dal Nero, e solo così si risolve il problema. Primo premio nel concorso Šachmatyi SSSR 1983.
Velimir Kalandadze. Compositore georgiano di circa 350 studi, molti dei quali in collaborazione con Gurgenidze. Vincitore di 16 primi premi. Nel 2008 ha vinto il concorso «Study of the Year» della PCCC.
Sergej Kaminer (1908-1938). Compositore russo di circa 60 studi, molti dei quali insieme con Liburkin. Fu giustiziato nel 1938 dalla polizia segreta sovietica per motivi non del tutto chiariti. Riuscì a far preservare molti suoi studi facendoli consegnare a Mihail Botvinnik.
Henrik K'asparyan (1910-1995). Compositore e giocatore armeno (10 volte campione dell'Armenia). Fu il primo studista a ricevere il titolo di Grande Maestro della composizione dalla FIDE quando il titolo venne istituito nel 1972. Autore di circa 600 studi, molti dei quali dedicati al tema della dominazione. Vinse 57 primi premi.
Aleksandr Kazancev (1906-2002). Compositore russo di oltre 100 studi, vincitore di numerosi primi premi. È stato anche uno scrittore di fantascienza, molto popolare in Russia.
Paul Keres (1916-1975). GM estone, compose circa 70 studi. In italiano è stato pubblicato "Come giocare i finali di pedoni e pezzi leggeri" (Mursia 1988) contenente molti studi estesamente commentati.

Theodorus Kok (1906-1999). Compositore olandese di circa 350 studi. È famosa una sua miniatura del 1934 con una soluzione che sembra paradossale, vincitrice di un 1º premio.
Josef Kling (1811-1876). Compositore tedesco di circa 400 studi, per la maggior parte insieme a Horwitz, contenenti notevoli contributi alla teoria dei finali.
Nikolaj Kopajev. Compositore russo, considerato tra i maggiori esperti dei finali di Torre e pedoni. Autore con Averbakh del 5° volume di un'enciclopedia sui finali: "Rook Endings".
Attila Koranyi (1934-1997). Compositore ungherese di circa 150 studi, Giudice FIDE per la composizione (1989). Vincitore di 22 primi premi.
Vladimir Korol'kov (1907-1987). Compositore russo di oltre 300 studi, Grande Maestro Fide per la composizione (1976). Ottenne tra gli altri riconoscimenti 31 primi premi, alcuni dei quali per studi elaborati con Mitrofanov.
Shaya Kozlovsky (1910-1943). Compositore polacco vincitore di molti primi premi.
Nikolaj Kralin (n. 1944). Studista russo, Grande Maestro per la composizione 2005. Ha ottenuto tra gli altri riconoscimenti 45 primi premi.
Leonid Kubbel (Leningrado 1891-1942). Studista russo autore di oltre 500 studi, vincitore di moltissimi premi, famoso per l'eleganza e originalità di molte sue composizioni. Fratello di Ardid Kubbel, forte giocatore a tavolino (partecipò ai primi quattro campionati sovietici) e di Evgenij Kubbel, anch'egli compositore. Sia Leonid che Evgenij morirono durante l'assedio nazista di Leningrado.

Anatolij Kuznecov (1932-2000). Compositore russo di studi e problemi. Maestro Internazionale della composizione (1980). Vincitore di 50 primi premi (12 per gli studi). Autore di "Brilliant chess studies", raccolta di 150 studi di vari compositori.
Frédéric Lazard (1883-1949). Giocatore, problemista e studista francese, compose 138 studi, per la maggior parte miniature.
Mark Liburkin (1910-1953). Compositore russo di circa 120 studi di notevole eleganza, vinse 18 premi in concorsi internazionali.
Harold Lommer (1910-1980). Maestro internazionale inglese a tavolino, compose oltre 100 studi. Giudice FIDE per la composizione.
Norman Macleod (1927-1991). Granda Maestro scozzese della composizione, l'unico britannico oltre a Comins Mansfield a ricevere questo titolo dalla FIDE.
Hermann Mattison /Matisons (1894-1932). Giocatore e compositore di studi lettone. Alle olimpiadi di Praga 1931 vinse con il campione del mondo in carica Alechin e con Rubinstein.
Josè Mandil (1907-1979). Compositore spagnolo di circa 50 studi, arbitro FIDE per la composizione.
Leopold Mitrofanov (1932-1992). Compositore russo di oltre 300 studi, 40 dei quali primi premi. Un suo studio, vincitore di un primo premio nel 1967, fu in seguito demolito, poi riabilitato, e di nuovo demolito, pur rimanendo molto originale e interessante.
José Mugnos (1904-1982). Compositore argentino di circa 100 studi, vincitore di 8 primi premi. Autore di Mis Mejores Finales, Buenos Aires 1957.
Gia Nadareishvili (Tbilisi 1921-1991). Compositore georgiano di moltissimi studi, Grande Maestro per la composizione dal 1980. Autore di una raccolta di 312 studi commentati da 43 famosi Grandi Maestri. Vinse 21 primi premi.
Virgil Nestorescu (n. 1929). Grande Maestro rumeno per la composizione di studi, vincitore di 33 primi premi. Collaborò spesso con Emilian Dobrescu.

John Nunn (n. 1955). GM inglese e compositore. Autore di numerose pubblicazioni sugli studi. Vincitore nel 2004, 2007 e 2010 del campionato del mondo di soluzione studi e problemi.

Joseph Peckover (1897-1982). Compositore di studi statunitense di origine inglese. Editore per molti anni della sezione studi dell'American Chess Quarterly, compose circa 100 studi.
Pauli Perkonoja (n. 1941). Compositore finlandese di circa 80 studi, vincitore di 16 primi premi. Maestro internazionale della composizione dal 1969 e campione del mondo 1995 per la soluzione di studi.
Oleg Pervakov. Compositore russo di un centinaio di studi, Grande Maestro della composizione. Vinse nel 2000 un primo premio con un finale di soli pedoni dallo svolgimento notevolmente brillante.
Fratelli Platov, Vasilij (1881-1952) e Michail (1883-1938). Compositori lettoni/sovietici di circa 200 studi, per la maggior parte insieme, ottenendo molte premiazioni, tra cui quattro primi premi.
Ernest Pogosjanc (1935-1990). GM ucraino della composizione (1988) vincitore di molti primi premi. Secondo Roycroft ha composto oltre 6000 studi, dei quali 1790 pubblicati, il che ne fa il più prolifico tra tutti gli studisti.
Ladislav Prokeš (Praga 1884-1966). Giocatore e compositore cecoslovacco di circa 1200 studi, vincitore di tre primi premi.
František Prokop (1901-1973). Compositore cecoslovacco di 376 studi, autore di The magic of chess diagrams 1968.
Richard Réti (1889-1929). GM cecoslovacco compositore di circa 100 studi, dei quali il Nr. 1, un finale di soli pedoni, è molto famoso. È considerato uno dei maggiori rappresentanti della scuola studistica boema.
Henri Rinck (1870-1952). Compositore francese/spagnolo di 1670 studi, ideò il Codice Rinck, un sistema di classificazione dei diagrammi. Vinse 58 primi premi.
John Roycroft (n. 1929). Compositore e autore di numerose raccolte di studi. Fu il primo inglese a ricevere il titolo di Grande Maestro per la composizione. Titolare per molti anni della sezione studistica della rivista New in Chess, ideatore del GBR code (un codice per la classificazione degli studi), fondatore nel 1965 della rivista specializzata «EG Magazine».
Jan Rusinek (n. 1950). Grande Maestro polacco della composizione, ha ottenuto moltissimi riconoscimenti, tra cui 34 primi premi.
Fernando Saavedra (1847-1922). Spagnolo poi emigrato in Inghilterra, è famoso per aver dimostrato (Glasgow 1895) che un finale di pedone contro Torre, considerato fino ad allora patto, è in realtà vinto con la sottopromozione a Torre (tema Saavedra, poi utilizzato in diversi studi).
Boris Sacharov (1914-1973). Compositore russo di una ventina di studi, molti dei quali considerati di altissima qualità.
Aleksandr Saričev (1909-1986). Compositore russo/azero di circa 100 studi, per lo più di pedoni e pezzi leggeri, con svolgimenti spesso notevolmente brillanti.
Aleksej Selesniev (1888-1967). Giocatore e compositore russo di numerosi studi.
Vasilij Smyslov (1921-2010). GM russo, campione del mondo 1957-58, autore di alcune decine di studi. Pubblicò nel 1957 con Levenfish un trattato sui finali di Torre.
Edward C. Tattersall (1877-1957). Studista inglese, autore nel 1910 di A Thousand Chess Endgames, prima raccolta in inglese di studi scelti.
Jan Timman (n. 1950). Grande Maestro olandese a tavolino, ha composto 145 studi.
Sergej Tkačenko (n. 1963). Compositore ucraino di circa 130 studi.
Aleksej Troickij (Leningrado 1866-1942). È considerato il fondatore della studistica moderna. Compose circa 1400 studi e diede importanti contributi alla teoria dei finali (per es. due Cavalli contro pedoni). Autore di diversi libri, tra cui "360 Endgame Studies", raccolta dei suoi migliori studi. Nel 1928 gli venne conferita l'onorificenza di "Maestro Onorevole dell'Arte". Morì durante l'assedio nazista di Leningrado.

Harold van der Heijden (n. 1960). Compositore e giudice internazionale olandese, autore nel 2005 di un database che raccoglie 67.691 studi, considerato di riferimento per statistiche sui compositori di studi. Ha composto oltre 100 studi, vincendo 22 premi, 25 menzioni onorevoli e 13 lodi.

Jakov Vladimirov. GM russo della composizione, autore di numerosi studi e problemi. Ha pubblicato molte opere sulla composizione scacchistica, tra cui molte raccolte dedicate ai maggiori compositori.
Milan Vukcevich (1937-2003). Giocatore e compositore statunitense di origine jugoslava. È stato il primo americano a ricevere il titolo di GM della composizione (1988). Terzo nel campionato USA 1975 davanti a Byrne, Reshevsky, Evans. Per molti anni fu considerato il più forte solutori di studi a livello mondiale. Di professione ingegnere elettrotecnico, fece parte per molto tempo dello staff scientifico della General Electric.
Alois Wotawa (1896-1970). È considerato il massimo compositore austriaco. Compose circa 300 studi contraddistinti spesso da soluzioni sensazionali. Non ebbe riconoscimenti ufficiali (eccetto il titolo FIDE di MI della composizione) perché non partecipò mai a concorsi. Giorgio Porreca, grande cultore di studi, scrisse di lui "Il nome di Alois Wotawa resterà inciso a caratteri cubitali nella storia della composizione artistica".
Gleb Zachodjakin (1912-1982). Compositore russo di circa 200 studi, molti dei quali vincitori di primi premi in concorsi internazionali.

Compositori di studi italiani

 Rinaldo Bianchetti (1882-1963). Compositore genovese di circa 100 studi. Nel 1925 pubblicò "Contributo alla teoria dei finali di soli pedoni", in cui illustra la teoria delle case reciproche.
 Ignazio Calvi (1797-1872).  Compose diversi studi, pubblicati soprattutto sulla rivista Le Palamède. Fu il primo a trattare con una certa profondità il tema della promozione a pezzo minore. Fu anche un forte giocatore.
Mario Camorani (1912-1996). Compositore di circa 500 tra problemi e studi. Arbitro Internazionale FIDE per la composizione. Redattore della sezione problemistica di varie riviste, tra cui Scacco!.
Marco Campioli (n. 1954). Compositore di numerosi studi, alcuni in collaborazione con Pietro Rossi. Redattore della sezione studi della rivista "Torre & Cavallo-Scacco!".
Luigi Centurini (1820-1900). Giocatore e studista genovese. Alcuni suoi studi hanno dato contributi importanti alla teoria dei finali (es. Alfiere contro Torre e pedone, Alfiere contro Alfiere e pedone, Donna contro Torre). Il circolo di Genova è intitolato alla sua memoria.
 Vittorio de Barbieri (Odessa 1860 - Genova 1943). Compose un migliaio di problemi e circa 150 studi. Direttore per molti anni della rubrica di studi de L'Italia Scacchistica.
Enzo Minerva (Brescia 1962 -). Compone studi dal 1999. Ventesimo al campionato mondiale individuale 2001-2003, e diciannovesimo nell'edizione 2007-2009, in entrambe le occasioni miglior italiano.
Enrico Paoli (Trieste 1908 - Reggio Emilia 2005). Tre volte campione italiano, Grande Maestro FIDE Honoris Causa (1996) per la sua attività di organizzatore e divulgatore degli scacchi. Compositore di studi (96 Studi Scacchistici, 1982) e autore di un trattato sui finali: Il Finale negli Scacchi ed. Mursia.

Giorgio Porreca (Napoli 1927 - 1988). Maestro internazionale a tavolino (2 volte campione italiano) e fortissimo giocatore per corrispondenza (5º nel Campionato del Mondo 1981-83), fu un grande cultore degli studi. Fondatore e direttore per molti anni della rivista "Scacco", di cui curava la sezione studi. Pubblicò un'antologia di studi e una traduzione in italiano di un lavoro di Grigoriev (Finali di Scacchi, 1965).
Pietro Rossi (n. a Treviso 1924). Compositore di circa 240 studi, ha ottenuto oltre 90 riconoscimenti in concorsi internazionali. La FSI gli ha conferito nel Maggio 2007 una medaglia d'oro per meriti nel campo della studistica. Attualmente vive a Matera dove ha svolto per molto tempo la professione di insegnante di scienze sociali.
Carlo Salvioli (Venezia 1848 - 1930). Giocatore e compositore di oltre 50 studi. Pubblicò molte opere sugli scacchi e un trattato sui finali: Trattato completo dei finali di partita, con 500 diagrammi e più di mille esempi (Venezia 1888).

Note

Bibliografia
 Complete Studies of Genrikh Kasparyan - A.J. Roycroft, Russell Enterprises 1997.
 360 Brilliant and Instructive Endgames - A. Troitzky, ed. Dover 1968.
 Finali fondamentali di scacchi - Balashov-Prandstetter, ed. Scacco 1992.
 Cosa bisogna sapere sui finali - Juri Averbach, ed. Sansoni 1986.
 Richard Reti and Jindrich Fritz - Yakov Vladimirov, Moscow 1992.
 Come giocare i finali di pedoni e pezzi leggeri - Paul Keres, ed. Mursia 1988.

Voci correlate
 Codice Guy-Blandford-Roycroft
 Problema di scacchi
 Titoli FIDE per la composizione scacchistica

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
Sito ufficiale della PCCC
Rivista di studistica EG-Magazine
Handbook of Chess Composition
ARVES dati biografici sugli studisti (

Rubrica studi di Chesscafé magazine

Società di studistica
British Chess Problem Society
Finnish Chess Problem Society
Die Schwalbe
Probleemblad (inglese e olandese)
StrateGems

Composizione scacchistica

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Madea's Farewell Tour
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Date/time: March 15th, 7:00pm to March 17th, 10:00pm
Venue: Smart Financial Centre
Address: 18011 Lexington Blvd, Sugar Land, Texas, 77459
It was just over a month ago that Tyler Perry shocked fans of his most beloved character, Mabel "Madea" Simmons, by announcing that he would be ending the near 20-year run of the mouthy, grey-haired senior citizen who started it all. But don't despair too much—there will be a lot of Madea on tap in 2019 for you to get your final fix. Perry will bring the family back together one last time for A Madea Family Funeral, which is set to be released on March 1st. The film, shot in partnership with Lionsgate, is sure to have scores of hilarious moments for fans to enjoy one last laugh with the woman who delivered so many over the years. This final Madea film concludes a perfect set of 10 movies that have stared Perry as what he describes as "…exactly the PG version of my mother and my aunt." The film synopsis in IMDB says, "A joyous family reunion becomes a hilarious nightmare as Madea and the crew travel to backwoods Georgia, where they find themselves unexpectedly planning a funeral that might unveil unsavory family secrets." But if seeing the Simmons family in the flesh is also your thing then you're in luck!
Source: Silent Partners / Silent Partners_Tyler Perry
Perry will be hitting the road in January in what is being billed as "Madea's Farewell Play Tour". The nationwide tour kicks off on January 19th, with a stop here in Houston at the Smart Financial Centre at Sugarland, March 15th -19th for four shows. Tyler Perry's "Madea's Farewell Play Tour" will be Perry's 21st stage play. The play will also star Tamela Mann, David Mann, and Cassi Davis Patton. Tickets for all dates will be available for purchase beginning November 30th, 2018 via Ticketmaster.com. Tickets for all dates will be available beginning at 10am Friday December 7th, 2018 via Ticketmaster.com.

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Splitters, Squeezes, and Steals
The Inside Story of Baseball's Greatest Techniques, Strategies, and Plays
Gentile, Derek
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This fascinating and totally original take on baseball history?packaged in simulated baseball material with red stitching?is a richly illustrated, lively examination of the evolution of the plays, moves, rules, equipment, and strategies that make up the game.
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Baseball historian and journalist Gentile tells the story of the evolution of the distinctly American game of baseball: its history, statistics well-known and little known, the tricks of the trade, rules of the game, and the players, managers, umpires and others who contributed to the development of the game. The book contains numerous sidebars and is filled with vivid color photos. The book will appeal to fans of the game and those readers with an interest in baseball history and statistics. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Characteristics: 256 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 27 cm
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29/09/2011 · A physical change is a change in the physical form of a substance. Does not alter the identity or composition of the substance. A chemical change means that the chemical make up of the atoms are being rearranged "chemically".... A chemical change involves the formation of a brand new substance. Chemical changes are described by chemical equations where bonds are broken and made in order to form entirely new substances.
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Students know that differences in chemical and physical properties of substances are used to separate mixtures and identify compounds. Lesson Concept: In a chemical change,... Burning is a non-reversible chemical change. When you burn wood, the carbon in the wood reacts with oxygen in the air to create ash and smoke, and energy in the form of light and heat. This is a permanent change that cannot be undone – you cannot turn ashes back into wood.
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Tips on identifying chemical versus physical changes. In class you learned about chemical and physical changes and you know the definitions above which are; chemical change is a process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances.
Burning is a non-reversible chemical change. When you burn wood, the carbon in the wood reacts with oxygen in the air to create ash and smoke, and energy in the form of light and heat. This is a permanent change that cannot be undone – you cannot turn ashes back into wood.
A chemical change involves the formation of a brand new substance. Chemical changes are described by chemical equations where bonds are broken and made in order to form entirely new substances.


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Choosing a suitable home buyer can be a daunting task when you have made up your mind to sell your home. The market is full of several home selling channels because of the rise in the real estate industry. The use of real estate agents have declined because of the existence of other convenient selling avenues. You should choose the cash home buying investor so that you can enjoy peace of mind when selling your home. By reading the article below, you will learn some of the ways through which selling your house to a cash home buying investor is advantageous.
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Чину́а Аче́бе (, полное имя Альберт Чинуалумогу Ачебе (); 16 ноября 1930 года — 21 марта 2013 года) — нигерийский прозаик, поэт и литературный критик. Известен прежде всего своим первым романом «Things Fall Apart» (в русском переводе «Распад» или «И пришло разрушение»), который был опубликован в 1958 году. Этот роман на сегодняшний день является самой читаемой и переводимой книгой современного африканского писателя. За него писатель в 2007 году получил Международную Букеровскую премию. В романе описан приход европейцев на африканскую землю и его разрушительные последствия.

Биография
Родился в деревне Огиди, в восточной Нигерии, в семье школьного учителя из народности игбо. Его родители были новообращёнными протестантами. Кроме Чинуа в семье было ещё четверо детей. Он получил английское образование, но также воспитывался и на традициях игбо. Рассказывание историй было неотъемлемой частью жизни игбо. Мама и сестра будущего писателя рассказывали много историй, которые он с удовольствием слушал.

С 1936 г. учился в центральной школе Сент-Филипп. В этой школе он проявил себя как старательный и разумный ученик. Посещал также воскресную школу. В возрасте двенадцати лет переехал в соседнюю деревню, где преподавал его старший брат. В 1944 году успешно сдал экзамены, и две престижные школы боролись за то, чтобы он учился именно у них.

Изучал в Ибаданском университете сначала медицину, а затем теологию, английский язык и историю. В университете вошёл в группу молодых писателей, куда входили Воле Шойинка, Элечи Амади, Джон Пеппер Кларк-Бекедеремо, Кристофер Окигбо. Будучи студентом, Ачебе отказался от своего английского имени Альберт и отныне стал подписываться только африканским именем Чинуа.

После окончания университета преподавал в нём английский язык и литературу. Будучи учителем, он требовал от учеников, чтобы они много читали и были оригинальны в своих работах.

Работал на национальном нигерийском радио. Во время работы в Лагосе у него появилось желание написать роман на английском языке. Эта идея была очень революционной для того времени, так как таких романов африканских писателей тогда почти не существовало, за исключением «Пальмового Пьянаря» Амоса Тутуолы. Ачебе написал роман «И пришло разрушение» (1959). Он много раз редактировал и улучшал этот роман. Потом рукопись романа была послана в лондонскую компанию. Но, не получив ответа за несколько месяцев, он попросил начальницу разведать, как обстоят дела с романом. После её вмешательства дело начало продвигаться. Издательский дом «Хейнманн» напечатал 2000 экземпляров романа. После его публикации он имел колоссальный успех. Книга сразу же стала известна за пределами страны. Она была переведена на 45 языков и разошлась тиражом в восемь миллионов экземпляров. Сегодня она является обязательной для изучения во многих школах мира.

В 1961 году женился на Кристи Чинве Околи, которая родила ему четверых детей.

В 1962 году в Уганде посетил конференцию африканских писателей, пишущих на английском языке. Среди многих вопросов один был о том, что можно считать африканской литературой. На этой встрече писателю было предложено прочитать роман студента Джеймса Нгуги, который позднее стал известным под именем Нгуги Ва Тхионго. Роман назывался «Не плачь, дитя», и именно Чинуа Ачебе помог его опубликовать.

Во время гражданской войны в Нигерии (1967—1970) был дипломатом непризнанной республики Биафра.

После разгрома Биафры Ачебе бежал с семьёй в Великобританию. Затем он вернулся в Нигерию на два года, потом уехал в США, где преподавал в Университете Массачусетса и Университете Коннектикута, а в 1976 году снова вернулся в Нигерию, где стал профессором английского языка в Лагосском университете. Покинул университет в 1982 году, а в 1983 году был избран вице-председателем левой Партии национального спасения.

В 1987 году получил Нигерийскую национальную премию — наивысшую награду за интеллектуальные достижения. В том же году его роман «Anthills of the Savannah» стал одним из претендентов на Букеровскую премию.

В 1990 году после автокатастрофы Ачебе был парализован ниже пояса. После длительного лечения в Великобритании он переселился в США, где и жил до самой смерти. Преподавал 15 лет в Бардовском университете, недалеко от Нью-Йорка. Иностранный почётный член Американской академии наук и искусств (2002). С 2009 года преподавал африканистику в Брауновском университете в штате Род-Айленд.

Умер 22 марта 2013 года в Бостоне.

Творчество
Романы Чинуа Ачебе написаны именно для африканских читателей, но после перевода на более чем 50 языков они обрели мирового читателя.

Его всегда интересовали мировые религии и традиционная африканская культура, а свою литературную деятельность он начал с университета. Ачебе писал свои романы на английском и считал правильным использование его для африканской литературы. Его стиль тесно связан с народным устным творчеством. Он соединяет своё повествование с народными легендами и пословицами.

Активность в политике отобразилась и на его творчестве. В большинстве романов он рассказывают о политических и социальных проблемах своей страны.

Ачебе не нравился подход к изображению Африки британскими писателями, такими как Джозеф Конрад, поскольку их описания африканцев были часто неверными и иногда даже унизительными.

Первый и самый известный роман Ачебе «И пришло разрушение» (1959) повествует о племенном воине, который не может адаптироваться к новому обществу в условиях колонизаторского режима.

Следующие романы писателя «Покоя больше нет» («No Longer At Ease», 1960) и «Стрела бога» (1964) также повествуют о прошлом страны.
Роман «Покоя больше нет» он посвятил своей будущей жене. Он повествует о служащем, который втянут в коррупцию в Лагосе. Главный герой Оби является внуком Оконкво, главного героя романа «И пришло разрушение». Но роман уже повествует о временах, когда Нигерия была накануне обретения независимости, а главный герой оказался в конфликтной ситуации между ожиданиями семьи, племени и общества в целом. Одним словом, писатель в своем втором романе описывает жизнь в современной ему Нигерии.

Роман «Стрела бога» исследует все ту же тему влияния христианства на культуру Африки. История рассказывает о жреце Эзеулу племени Улу. Шокированный британской интервенцией, он приказывает сыну узнать секрет чужаков. Идея романа базируется на реальной истории. Ачебе изучал много документов и артефактов, прежде чем написать этот роман. Как и предыдущие романы, роман «Стрела бога» принёс автору успех.

Романы «Человек из народа» (1966) и «Муравейники в саванне» («Anthills of the Savannah», 1987) рассказывают о политических проблемах страны. «Человек из народа» — это чёрная сатира, действие которой разворачивается в условном африканском государстве, только что получившем независимость. Главный герой романа Одили Самалу противостоит коррумпированному министру культуры.
В феврале 1972 года Ачебе выпустил сборник рассказов «Девушки на войне».

Роман «Муравейники в саванне» рассказывает историю троих друзей детства из Западной Африки и показывает негативный эффект жажды власти. Этот роман был ещё одним способом раскрыть читателям глаза на реальную Африку.
Он также опубликовал много рассказов, произведений для детей и сборников эссе.

Стиль и темы
Стиль писателя связан с устной традицией народности игбо. В свои произведения он вплетает народные сказки, описывает ценности общества и их устного творчества. Например, легенда о сотворении земли и неба базируется на взаимосвязи мужского и женского начала. Другой особенностью творчества Ачебе является использование пословиц, что показывает ценность сельских традиций народа. Впрочем, для автора народная мудрость не исчерпывается только пословицами.

Ачебе часто включает народные песни и описание танцев. Например, в одном из романов главный герой встречает женщину, которая поет «Песню сердца». При этом автор дает две версии песни: на английском и на языке игбо. В романе «И пришло разрушение» писатель рассказывает о церемониальных песнях и танцах народа.

В своих романах Ачебе исследует множество тем. В его раннем творчестве очень много описаний культуры игбо. Ведущей темой становятся столкновения между традицией и современностью. В романе «И пришло разрушение» рассказывается о влиянии христианства, потрясшем село, в котором начались внутренние разногласия.

Гендерные роли, как и концепции общества, также находят отражение в творчестве Ачебе. Автор описывает патриархальное общество, где мужчина имеет несколько жен, а женщин часто избивают. Более того, в романе «И пришло разрушение» герой пытается даже выделить «женские» помыслы у себя в голове: они ассоциируются с боязнью и тунеядством. При этом автор все же подчеркивает баланс мужского и женского начала.

Произведения
 И пришло разрушение, 1958
 Покоя больше нет, 1960
 Жертвенное яйцо и другие истории, 1962
 Стрела Бога, 1964
 Человек из народа, 1966
 Чике и Река, 1966
 Beware, Soul-Brother, and Other Poems, 1971 (литературная премия Британского содружества, 1972)
 How the Leopard Got His Claws, 1972
 Девушки на войне, 1973
 Christmas at Biafra, and Other Poems, 1973
 Morning Yet on Creation Day, 1975
 Флейта, 1975
 Барабан, 1978
 Don't Let Him Die: An Anthology of Memorial Poems for Christofer Okigbo (составитель), 1978
 Aka Weta: An Anthology of Igbo Poetry (составитель), 1982
 Проблема Нигерии, 1984
 Короткие африканские истории, 1984
 Муравейники саванны, 1988
 Hopes and Impediments, 1988
 Home & Exile, 2000
 Education of a British protected Child, 2009

Публикации на русском языке
 И пришло разрушение / Ч. Ачебе. — М.: Художественная литература, 1964.
 Мальчик и Река / Ч. Ачебе. — Современная африканская новелла — М.: Прогресс, 1972.
 Стрела Бога. Человек из народа / Ч. Ачебе. — Мастера современной прозы — М.: Прогресс, 1979.
 Девушки на войне / Ч. Ачебе. — Библиотека избранных произведений писателей Азии и Африки / Избранные произведения писателей Тропической Африки — М.: Прогресс, 1979.
 Стрела Бога / Ч. Ачебе. — СПб.: Амфора, 2007.
 И пришло разрушение / Ч. Ачебе. — М.: Книговек, 2013. — 576 с. (в книге помещены романы «И пришло разрушение», «Покоя больше нет» и «Стрела Бога»).

Литература
 Чинуа Ачбе / Вольпе Михаил Львович. - М.: Наука, 1984
 Вольпе М. Два портрета на фоне Африки. Чинуа Ачебе. Нгуги Ва Тхионго. М.: Зебра, 2003
 Naydenova N., Camara S. Littérature africaine et identité: un hommage à Chinua Achebe. Paris, Editions L'Harmattan, 2013.
 Кондратьев П. С. Гражданская война в Нигерии глазами Чинуа Ачебе // В сборнике: Источниковедение истории Африки и диаспоры сборник материалов по итогам Всероссийской конференции с международным участием. отв. ред. Т. М. Гавристова ; Ярославский государственный университет им. П. Г. Демидова. 2016. С. 88-95.
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text:
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AMP Capital has been made aware that persons using the names AMP Capital Limited and AMP Capital Investors Limited Company are purporting to be a part of the AMP Capital or AMP group and are making unsolicited contact with members of the general public in Europe and the UK. AMP Capital Limited and AMP Capital Investors Limited Company are not part of the AMP Capital or AMP groups. Please ensure that you carefully establish the identity of any person or entity purporting to act for AMP Capital or AMP.
Contact us: internationalclientservices@ampcapital.com
The implications of COVID-19 for the natural world
By Emily Woodland
CFA, BA(Hon), M(SocSc) Head of Sustainable Investment Hong Kong, China
A drop in emissions may be giving a false sense of security about the state of the environment. Temporarily clearer skies shouldn't provide a reprieve to companies about the urgency to manage environmental considerations.
At the moment, long-term environmental issues are somewhat out of the spotlight, as companies grapple with the immediate health, societal and economic issues triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to balance the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders, corporate responses in the short-term must focus on ensuring the societal and economic damage from the pandemic is temporary rather than permanent- to mitigate volatility without jeopardising their own survival.
Still, as stewards of our clients' capital, we must also remain firmly focused on the long-term, structural trends which impact sustainability and value. In our view, this shock strengthens the case for a robust approach to ESG analysis in evaluating long-term company sustainability.
We believe long-term, systemic issues related to the environment remain critically important and will inevitably resurface once this crisis has passed. Indeed, major dislocations like the present provide us with an unparalleled opportunity to achieve rapid and more sustainable change.
From an emissions standpoint, the huge drop in travel and industrial activity has temporarily reduced global carbon emissions and yielded cleaner skies1234. While from a climate perspective this provides some short-term relief, achieving it at the expense of such sudden and violent economic and social disruption is neither desirable nor sustainable.
The medium to long-term outlook at this stage is less clear and the emissions respite may be short-lived5. This crisis may lead to permanent changes in the way certain things are done, such as business travel, or the sourcing of goods6. Other emissions drivers, such as industrial activity and ground transport, may quickly return to business-as-usual.
Managing the COVID-19 pandemic is the clear priority at present. However, climate change remains a long-term systemic risk that will return to the forefront once the crisis has stabilised and/ or we inevitably experience another extreme weather event. Focus may have been shifted away from the climate crisis temporarily, but it is, in fact, inextricably linked to the pandemic. Indeed, the destruction of habitats and ecosystems through deforestation, degradation and climate change have been linked to the virus outbreak78. Pandemics have always been flagged as a potential outcome from climate change and will continue to be a material risk long after COVID-19 has subsided.
We expect there will be policy delays and some limiting of climate ambition in the short term, but we do not anticipate the efforts to date will be permanently thwarted. The postponement of COP26 at such a critical time for the Paris agreement is disappointing but also essential to ensure the appropriate effort and attention is applied when it does occur, given the inadequate outcomes from the COP25 event. We also expect potential delays in the rollout of some green projects such as renewable energy, but the long-term growth prospects for renewables should remain intact as their technologies and economic competitiveness continue to improve.
Questions remain around political next steps and whether stimulus/ recovery plans will be "green" or simply aiming for growth at any environmental cost. Policymakers have an unprecedented opportunity to provide economic stimulus plans that also facilitate sustainable social and environmental development - such as the numerous measures proposed in the Green Stimulus Plan10. This could provide a strong investment opportunity for "green" stocks such as infrastructure or energy.
At this juncture it is necessary to be somewhat pragmatic around resource-intensive corporate climate change commitments in the immediate term. However, the urgency of the climate crisis has not changed, and one thing that we believe to be clear is that COVID-19 has strengthened the case for companies to undertake rigorous TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) aligned disclosures, stress testing and scenario analysis around their operations. In due course there will be a need to refocus on establishing appropriate measures to mitigate the material risks this work uncovers in order to ensure long-term business resilience, which will be front-of-mind for investors in the aftermath of the pandemic.
Massive amounts of waste from a shift back to disposables out of hygiene concerns, increased online shopping and associated packaging, food waste from stockpiling and supply chain mismatches, plus an increase in medical waste, may all serve to delay the transition to a circular economy111213. A renewed focus on product lifecycle stewardship once the COVID-19 dust settles will be imperative for long term ecological and biodiversity protection. To some extent this will also tie into considerations of supply chain adaptation as discussed in the follow up pieces to this series.
The implications of COVID-19 for the natural environment at this stage are somewhat mixed- there have been both positive and negative outcomes, which may or may not be short-lived. Longer-term issues may necessarily be taking a temporary backseat as the immediate social implications of the crisis are managed, however the pandemic cannot be used as an excuse for companies to shelve these considerations permanently.
1https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/air-pollution-goes-down-as
2https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/climate-crisis-amid-coronavirus-lockdown-nature-bounces-back-but-for-how-long?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
3https://www.ft.com/content/c736cd3c-1457-440b-af07-4061afb35bc9?desktop=true&segmentId=7c8f09b9-9b61-4fbb-9430-9208a9e233c8#myft:notification:daily-email:content
4https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/12/global-carbon-emisions-could-fall-by-record-25bn-tonnes-in-2020?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other#maincontent
5https://www.ft.com/content/052923d2-78c2-11ea-af44-daa3def9ae03
6https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/addressing-climate-change-in-a-post-pandemic-world?cid=other-eml-alt-mip-mck&hlkid=af5586b7c4394a7481d3b15833d91449&hctky=9947174&hdpid=50056e1f-1960-4ae3-b9a3-ff33b5ea692e
7https://ensia.com/features/COVID-19-coronavirus-biodiversity-planetary-health-zoonoses/
8https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/18/tip-of-the-iceberg-is-our-destruction-of-nature-responsible-for-COVID-19-aoe
9https://carbontracker.org/COVID-19-and-the-energy-transition/?mc_cid=b364c7d329&mc_eid=66302b4e7f
10https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfMzRDRJQWsgp2QW4er8ags2VMPiibFm51X4TnZbDmLg1lqYQ/viewform
11https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-30/the-unexpected-environmental-consequences-of-COVID-19
12https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/chinas-war-on-garbage-faces-a-major-coronavirus-setback
13https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
Subscribe to Sustainable Investment Insights to receive my latest articles.
Emily Woodland, Co-Head of Sustainable Investment
Sustainable Investment Insights
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While every care has been taken in the preparation of this article, AMP Capital Investors (UK) Limited, Registered Office at Companies House, 4th Floor Berkeley Square House, Berkeley Square, London W1J 6BX (no. 05524536) makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of any statement in it including, without limitation, any forecasts. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance. This article has been prepared for the purpose of providing general information, without taking account of any particular investor's objectives, financial situation or needs. An investor should, before making any investment decisions, consider the appropriateness of the information in this article, and seek professional advice, having regard to the investor's objectives, financial situation and needs. This article is solely for the use of the party to whom it is provided.


text:
Travis Sanders took his family to Kilauea volcano to witness a rising lava lake, the last thing he expected was to get tasered for using a micro drone to film the night time spectacle.
The confrontation happened after Sanders was approached by a park ranger who says he refused to cooperate when caught using the drone to video the Kilauea volcano.
Several witnesses who reached out to Hawaiian news channels described the incident as excessive and unnecessary but park officials say their actions were warranted to keep a crowd of hundreds safe.
Travis Sanders used a 3inch micro drone to capture the action of the rising lava lake at Halema'uma'u Crater.
"A guy approached me in the dark and said, 'Bring it down!' and he was very angry. I had no idea he was a ranger. He sounded very angry, confrontational ~ like he wanted to fight ~ and I didn't really want to stick around for it so I just told him, 'I don't have ID and I'm leaving'," described Sanders.
Apparently the ranger then pursued and tasered him to the ground.
It's illegal to fly an unmanned aircraft in all 407 national parks across the United States and although there were no signs but park officials say it is Included in their list of rules on the website.
"My daughter was crying. She was screaming, 'Leave him alone! I hate you!,and she started going after the park ranger guy,"
The park officials also went on to say it's an ongoing investigation, but the law enforcement ranger -- who Is certified to carry a taser -- acted in the best interest of public safety.


text:
Богдан Михайлович Грещак ( 31 березня 1944, Тернопіль) — радянський футболіст, український футбольний тренер, майстер спорту СРСР (з 1965).

Біографія
Вихованець дитячої спортивної школи Тернополя. Перший тренер — Савицький.

Грав у командах «Авангард» (Тернопіль), СКА (Львів) (1965), ЦСКА (Москва) (1966), «Карпати» (Львів) (1967—1973).

Зіграв 3 матчі, забив 1 гол за олімпійську збірну СРСР.

Протягом 1979—1983 років працював тренером львівських «Карпат», у сезоні 2000/01 очолював «Тернопіль-Нива-2».

Досягнення
 Володар Кубка СРСР: 1969
 Переможець першої ліги СРСР: 1968, 1970
 Чемпіон України: 1965
 Входив до числа 33 найкращих футболістів України (1970 і 1971) та СРСР (1971)
 Найкращий футболіст Львівщини 1971 року

Посилання
 Статистика виступі на сайті КЛИСФ
 Виступи за збірну на сайті «Сборная России по футболу»
 Богдану Грещаку — 67!
 Нападник «Карпат» Богдан Грещак: У фіналі Кубка пережив чи не найважчі хвилини у своєму житті

Література
 Сало І. А., Яремко І. Я. «Карпати» Львів. Рекламно-інформаційний довідник. — Львів, 1990. — 166 с.

Уродженці Тернополя
Радянські футболісти
Футболісти СКА (Львів)
Футболісти ЦСКА (Москва)
Футболісти «Карпат» (Львів)
Українські футбольні тренери
Майстри спорту СРСР


Susan Thompkins is somebody's Aunt Susan, and everyone has someone like her. Aunt Susan is a genuinely happy and loving woman, who buys gifts for her nephews and nieces whenever she shops for herself and her kids. Aunt Susan loves shopping at JCPenney. She's been shopping there since she was a child, going with her parents and grandparents, helping them spot bargains. It was a fun game, running around, looking for the highest number next to the percent symbol.
She wasn't alone. Many customers left JCPenney. It was a bad time for the company. It was a bad time for Susan. It was a bad time for Ron Johnson, who was fired.
A year later, Aunt Susan heard discounts had returned to JCPenney. Cautiously, she returned and she looked at the prices. "20% off." "Marked down." "For sale." She bought just a couple of things, but since then, she's returned to her old JCPenney self. She's happy again.
The CEO made the prices "fair and square." No more coupons or sales — just the real price, roughly equal to their previous "final" prices. Customers hated it.
In the decades before Ron Johnson's arrival, JCPenney offered customers coupons, deals and in-store discounts. These reduced Penney's "regular prices," which were artificially inflated, to appear to be "bargain deals" — but in fact after the discounts their prices were in line with prices everywhere else. In order to get to the final, retail price of an item, customers and the store would perform this Kabuki theater of raising prices at first and then lowering them in all kinds of creative ways.
Then Ron Johnson made the store's prices "fair and square." No more coupon cutting, bargain hunting, and sale gimmicks. Just the real price, roughly equal to those of its rivals and roughly equal to their previous "final" prices. Johnson believed his new practice was clearer, more respectful, and less manipulative (and he was right).
Except that loyal customers like Aunt Susan hated it. Within a year, JCPenney lost an amazing $985 million and Johnson was out of a job. Almost immediately after his firing, the list price of most items at JCPenney rose by 60 percent or more.
This story shows some of the many effects of relativity, one of the most powerful forces that make us assess value in ways that have little to do with actual value. At JCPenney, Aunt Susan assessed value based upon relative value, but relative to what? Relative to the original posted price.
Which would you buy? A dress shirt priced at $60 or the very same dress shirt, priced at $100, but "On Sale! 40% off! Only $60!"? It shouldn't matter, right? But since relativity works on us at a very deep way, we don't see these two shirts in the same way, and if we were Aunt Susan, we would buy the on-sale shirt every time — and be outraged by the presence of the $60 one.
Is this behavior logical? No. Does it make sense once you understand relativity? Yes. Does it happen frequently? Yes.
If a bottle of expensive shampoo is $16 and one twice the size is $25, the larger bottle looks like a great deal, making it easy to forget whether we need that much.
We often cannot measure the value of goods and services on their own. In a vacuum, how could we figure the cost of a house or a sandwich, medical care or an Albanian three-toed blork? The difficulty of figuring out how to value things correctly makes us seek alternative ways to measure value. That's where relativity comes in.
When it is hard to measure directly the value of something, we compare it to other things, like a competing product or other versions of the same product. When we compare items, we create relative values. Now the problem isn't with the concept of relativity itself, but with the way we apply it. If we compared everything to all other things, we'd consider our opportunity costs and all would be well. But we don't. We compare the item to only one other (sometimes two). This is when relativity can fool us.
Sixty dollars is relatively cheap compared to $100, but we should be comparing $60 to $0, or to all of the other things we could buy with $60. But we don't. We use relative value to compare the current price of an item to the amount it used to cost before the sale (or was said to cost) as a way to determine its value. This is how relativity confounds us.
There are many ways in which we let relative value obscure real value. In a car dealership, we get offered add-ons like leather seats and sunroofs, tire insurance, undercoating and CD changers. Car dealers know when we're spending $25,000, additional purchases, like a $200 CD changer, seem cheap in comparison. Would we ever buy a $200 CD changer? No. But at 0.8 percent of the total purchase price, we hardly shrug. Those hardly-shrugs can add up quickly.
Another place we see this is with quantity discounts. If a bottle of expensive shampoo is $16 and one twice the size is $25, the larger bottle looks like a great deal, making it easy to forget the question of whether we need that much — or that brand of shampoo in the first place. Moreover, bulk discounting also hides the fact we have no clue how to value the cocktail of chemicals that make up shampoo.
Discounts dumb down our decision-making process. When an item is "on sale," we act more quickly and with less thought than if the product is not on sale.
You might look at those examples and think, "Okay, I understand how using relativity is a mistake. Buuuuuuut . . . those choices make sense because, as a percentage of what I'm spending, the extra expenditures are tiny." Yes, but a dollar should be a dollar, no matter what else we're spending or doing. Spending $200 on a CD player just because we happen to be buying a $25,000 car is the same irrelevant reasoning as spending $200 on a CD player just because we happen to be wearing a plaid shirt. It just doesn't feel as irrelevant.
Relativity is built on two sets of decision shortcuts. First, when we can't assess absolute value, we use comparisons. Second, we tend to choose the easy comparison. Aylin Aydinli, Marco Bertini and Anja Lambrecht studied relativity by looking at email sales such as Groupon offers and found they create a particularly telling emotional impact. When we encounter price promotions, we spend less time considering different options. Furthermore, if we are later asked to recall details of the offer, we recall less product information.
Discounts, it seems, are a potion for stupidity. They dumb down our decision-making process. When an item is "on sale," we act more quickly and with even less thought than if the product costs the same but is marked at a regular price. Basically, since it is so hard for us to assess the real value of almost anything, when something is on sale — when we are presented with a relative valuation — we take the easy way out and make our decision based upon that sale price.
Bundles create more confusion. If three fast-food items are each priced at $5 but together are $12, which is overvalued at $5? Which do we get on discount?
Relativity also affects our value assessments when products are bundled — when products offer multiple features and options. In these situations, relativity seems to offer an escape from complexity. However, it actually creates the opportunity for another type of problem and more confusion.
Consider fast-food "value meals." We could order two separate items, but why not get them together and throw in a third for a few pennies more? Want a hamburger and a soda? Why not add fries? Bundling traps us because we don't know where exactly to place value. When we face a bundle, we cannot easily value each of the individual components, because if we remove one item it changes the whole price structure. If three items are each priced at $5, but bundled together are $12, which is the one that's overvalued at $5? Which one is the one we get on discount? Or are we getting a deal on all three? How much is a soda worth, at what size? Oh, I'll just take number one!
Life is full of bundles, many of which seem designed to confuse us. Think about cell phones. It's virtually impossible to compare a phone and its unique service plan to competitors' phones and plans. Each individual item is hard to value on its own: What are text messages worth compared to gigabytes of data? 4G networks, overage charges, minutes, roaming, storage, global access . . . what are they worth? What about the service and fees and reputation of the provider? There are too many small elements to assess the relative value of each one, so we end up comparing the total cost of the phone and monthly service. If we can even figure those out.
Happiness too often seems less a reflection of our actual happiness and more a reflection of how we compare ourselves to others, a comparison that is neither healthy nor good.
The list of things affected by relativity extends beyond products like cell phones. Relativity affects our sense of self-worth, too. We have friends who attended some of the best schools in the country. Some of these friends are doing very well but they think of themselves only in comparison to their more "successful" top-tier colleagues — and thus frequently feel like they aren't doing well.
It's one thing to overspend on a car; it's quite another to lament our life choices. Happiness too often seems less a reflection of our actual happiness and more a reflection of the ways in which we compare ourselves to others. In most cases, that comparison is neither healthy nor good. In fact, our tendency to compare ourselves to others is so pronounced that we had to come up with a commandment not to covet thy neighbor's stuff.
In some ways, the concept of regret is itself just another version of comparison. With regret, we compare ourselves — our lives, our career, our wealth, our status — not to other people, but to alternative versions of ourselves. We compare ourselves to the selves we might have been, had we made different choices. This, too, is often neither healthy nor useful.
But let's not get too deep and philosophical. Let's not worry about happiness and the meaning of life. At least, not just yet. Just take those emotions and store them away in a little box. Compartmentalize these things.
Excerpted from the new book Dollars and Sense: How We Misthink Money and How to Spend Smarter by Dan Ariely and Jeff Kreisler. Published by Harper, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. Copyright © 2017 Dan Ariely and Jeff Kreisler.
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University, a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight, and cofounder of BEworks. He is the author of the bestsellers "Predictably Irrational," "The Upside of Irrationality," "The Honest Truth About Dishonesty" and "Payoff."
Jeff Kreisler is a lawyer turned award-winning comedian, writer, speaker, pundit and behavioral-science fan. His first book was the satire "Get Rich Cheating."


I thought I would create a quick thread about customizing your personal page where people could post questions about this topic and get answers for others in the know.
My first question is: Is it possible for my calendar to show up on my personal page? If yes, how would I do this?
Unfortunately, the calendar is currently only associated with guild pages. We're looking into it to see if there's a short-term workaround to getting it to show up on the player page.
However, while I'm here I figure I'd give folks some general info on how to customize their page.
If you log in to MyDDO and then click the 'My Admin' link in the top utility bar, you will get to the Wordpress admin page. In the left menu, select 'Appearance' > 'Widgets'. This is where you can add/remove/move widgets on your page.
As we move forward, we plan on adding more ways to customize your page (styles, etc.). For now, it's mostly what content to show and how to arrange that content.
NOTE: Some widgets may not look good in one column or the other. We haven't yet had the chance to go through each widget and fine-tune the layout for both the narrow and wide columns.
Thanks for the reply. As an FYI, I did find a little workaround on this issue. I created a new link in the links section of my admin page, which links to my calendar. I opened my calendar in another page and copy pasted the URL to the calendar in there and it added the link to my calendar in the link section of my home page.
So now if I go to my home page and click on the links button, I have a calendar option that pops down and when I click on my calendar it opens my calendar in a new page. Whether others can view this or not is another question since I haven't found anyone to try the link out yet.


Vince Vaughn is not only hilarious, and tall, but he loves country music. Or is it Americana music…hell I can' keep up.
The Americana extravaganza that is Hardly Strictly Bluegrass is next weekend people. John Prine, Lyle Lovett, Boz Scaggs, Steve Earle, Ricky Scaggs, Gillian Welch, Booker T and the Drive By Truckers as his backing band, Mavis Staples, Emmylou Harris, Doc Watson, Aimee Mann and Little Feat. And it's FREE!


text:
Q: How to create a session array in php I am just learning php and I just don't understand how to do something that seems should be quite simple.
I have an array with these fields

*

*date

*income

*county

*state

*count (constant of 1)

I need to create a session array that summarizes the array data
- county
- state
- income
- count
I just don't know how to create a new Session array to hold the above data.  I have searched and tried but I don't get any closer.  I think I need to have an associative array.

A: I recomend that you take a look at How to create, Access and Destroy PHP session.
As mentioned in the commets above, you may set an your $_SESSION superglobal like:
// Start the session if it is not already started
if(!session_id()) {
  session_start();
}
// Set the session variables
$_SESSION = [
  'date'   => 'value1',
  'income' => 'value2',
  'county' => 'value2',
  'state'  => 'value2',
  'count ' => 1,
  ...
];

You may also set your session like:
// Start the session if it is not already started
if(!session_id()) {
  session_start();
}
// Set the session variables
$_SESSION['date'] = 'value1';
$_SESSION['income'] = 'value2';
$_SESSION['county'] = 'value2';
$_SESSION['state'] = 'value2';
$_SESSION['count '] = 1;

Hope this helps,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How can I 'catch' the response of a form? I have a form in JS making a POST request, everything is working fine but I need to catch the response of that form to use it as a var in another part.
How can I do that?
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <title>Basic Embed</title>

        <object class='tableauViz' width='1000' height='977' style='display:none;'>
            <param name='host_url' value='http://myserver/' />
            <param name='site_root' value='/t/site' />
            <param name='path' value='trusted/**THE RESPONSE SHOULD GO HERE**/t/site'/>
        </object>

A: You Can Add a simple Onclick in the button of the form and use it as a normal button-user-interaction
<!DOCTYPE html>

<form action="/action_page.php">
First name: <input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Mickey" id="NameInput">

Last name: <input type="text" name="LastName" value="Mouse" id="LastNameInput">

<input type="submit" value="Submit" onclick="FunctionJS()">
</form>


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We are often asked is it possible to export button settings from one user and import them to another. The answer is Yes it's as easy as 1,2,3!
All the settings for a Tray Selector user are kept in the users registry hive. If you are unfamiliar with the windows registry or regedit read this quick start guide. From here on in we'll assume you know how to use regedit to view and export settings in the registry. Please be careful when using regedit.
Step 1. Setup and test buttons. As shown below we have setup just three buttons. It is important to ensure that the same printers/trays are available for all the target users you want to export these settings to.
Step 2. Run regedit.exe Run Regedit – usually from the start button type "regedit" and go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\TraySelector\Profiles in the tree as shown below.
Right click on the Profiles entry and go to export and save the file using a filename such as "tsbuttons.reg". It is a good idea to put this file on a network share or similar so all the users you wish to export it to can see it. You can also export specific buttons by exporting sub-keys of the Profiles key e.g. the first button is 0 etc. If you open the resulting .reg file with notepad you'll see the structure and you can even edit it if you wish to make manual changes.
Step 3. Import the settings Now all you need to do is login as the user you wish to import the button settings to. Close all their running versions of Word and double click the .reg file or open it with regedit.exe. When you re-open Word they will have new button settings. Remember any Tray Selector button settings they previously had will be overwritten.
You will get a warning from regedit but just click Yes and the new buttons will be inserted.
We are sometimes asked if it is possible to control these settings using Group Policy (GPO). Users of GPO reading this should now see that this is certainly possible just by controlling the Profiles registry key in GPO they can be administered from a central location. It is also possible to do this using a logon script so that users buttons are reset each time they login. Some of our users even have more complex logon scripts so that the buttons are configured for hot desking so that they see the printers which are local to them when they login at different locations.
As you can see it is very flexible to administer Tray Selector profile buttons this way. There is more information on this and other registry controls in our admin guide here.


Interested in our Trials? Sign up for Trial Notifications using the form below. Any up-coming trials, we will send out a mail with the details a few weeks before the event. Never miss a Neath MC Trial again!


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Project2
{
    public class Vendor
    {
        public string VendorId { get; set; }
        public string VendorName { get; set; }
        public string VendorPhone { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Do you ever feel like you're losing grip of your personal finances? You deposit into your savings account in one currency, buy stocks and bonds in another, and maybe even hodl on to some cryptocurrency. You keep a finger on the pulse and occasionally check your assets' value, but volatile prices and exchange rates make it challenging. Ledger is a command line accounting tool that addresses these issues. In this post I'll introduce you to it.
My roommate needed help with building a web scraper. As a result of various constraints, we ended up using Heroku. There was, however, a database row limit that we had to work around. It turned out to be a nice opportunity to play with the new PostgreSQL 9.5 INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE, also known as UPSERT, functionality. The goal of this article is to introduce UPSERT to you via a practical example.
Literate programming is a technique that caught my attention after recently stumbling upon Howard Abrams' 'Literate Devops with Emacs' video. The intersection of watching this awesome video, reading about GeoJSON rendering on GitHub and returning from a road trip last summer led me to building my own travel log. In my first blog post I would like to show you how it works.


To design the budget of your project, select the Budget tab.
A simple budget: this means you have one (big) list of budget headers and budget costs.
A multi-year budget: for every year of the project you can specify costs. Logframer will create a tab page for every budget year, preceded by a Total budget page. You can determine the overall structure of your budget on the Total budget page and this structure will be used on the other pages.
Once you've designed your budget, you can go back to the logical framework and determine for each activity what the cost of the resources will be. For every resource you can list which budget items will be used, and which percentage of the price of each budget item.
In the Budget Details pane you can see an overview of the activities and resources that have used the current budget item and what percentage they have used. This also allows you to see if budget items haven't been overused.


Axygen® microplate heat sealing films are designed for applications ranging from PCR and Real-Time PCR to storage. Axygen's sealing films are the easiest and most cost-effective way to seal plates. They can be used in a wide temperature ranges, making them suitable for nearly any application.


SPRINGFIELD — Illinois Secretary of State Jesse White said Monday his office will stop sending motorists reminders in the mail to let them know it's time to renew their vehicle registration.
In a news release, White said not sending the reminders will save his office about $450,000 per month. That, in turn, will allow White's office to continue sending renewal stickers, titles and license plates for a few more months before his postage account is used up, according to the news release.
Those reminder notices include a code allowing people to renew their registration online; without them, many people now will have to renew their vehicle registration in person. White's office noted motorists who have signed up for email reminders will continue to get them. Motorists still can sign up for email reminders at cyberdriveillinois.com.
If his postage account runs out before January, White noted, he will be unable to mail other critical paperwork to Illinois businesses, such as auto dealers' licenses or incorporation paperwork for other firms.
Gov. Bruce Rauner, a Republican, and the Democrat-controlled Legislature have not agreed on a state budget for the fiscal year which began July 1. While much state money is being spent as required by state law and court orders, without a budget there is no authority to make many other payments.
White sent Rauner a letter last week, warning that the budget standoff could cause major problems at government facilities statewide, including the possibility that the electricity could be shut off at the Capitol.
In the letter, White said many companies have threatened to shut off service — including the company that picks up state Capitol garbage — and end leases at other facilities statewide because of missed payments. In Illinois, the secretary of state oversees driver services, maintains state records and runs security and maintenance at the Capitol.
Rauner and White spoke last week, according to both offices.
Rauner spokeswoman Lyndsey Walters said in a Monday statement that there are similar operational issues throughout state government and the governor's office is willing to help find solutions. She didn't specify further.
"We hope he will also join us in encouraging his friends in the Legislature to fulfill their constitutional obligation to pass a truly balanced budget," she said of White.
Overtime legislative sessions on the budget have been ongoing in Springfield with little accomplished. Democrats want the first-term governor to agree to raise taxes to help close a multibillion-dollar deficit, but the governor has said he won't do so until legislators sign off on pro-business changes he wants.


You can easily review past Vendor Orders with the Orders Received by Session report.
1. Select the Reports icon fro the Ascend desktop.
2. Scroll to the Inventory section.
3. Double-click the Orders Received by Session report.
4. Use the filters in the Select Filters window to narrow down your search.
a. Set a date range.
b. Select a vendor from the dropdown menu (or leave it set to All).
c. Otherwise, select the radio button so you can enter a Packing Slip, Invoice Number, or Purchase Order.
5. Click OK to search for vendor orders.
The orders that fit your filter criteria appear in the results. You can double-click an order to open it.


Your teeth are some of the strongest parts of the body with many roles to play in your life. Even after taking of your teeth, you may suddenly be faced with a dental emergency. These untimely problems call for emergency aid by a trusted dental expert. You must contact your nearest dentist as soon as possible to resolve the situation. You can find various dental clinics in London that provide emergency aid to the patients. Read on to know more about the conditions that account for such urgency.
Avulsed Tooth - Sometimes, accidents are inevitable and the consequences faced can be worse. You may knock out a tooth unintentionally in an accident or during playing sport. You must rush to a dental expert within your reach for immediate aid to control the situation. It can help save the avulsed tooth if you go the dentist at the right time. To increase the chances of saving the tooth and getting it reinserted, you should follow some steps before reaching the emergency clinic. Hold the tooth from its crown and rinse it gently with water. Place the tooth in its socket and bite down to fix it back. If that does not work, take the tooth to the dentist placed safely in a container of milk.
Cracked or fractured tooth – Cracks or fractures in a tooth is a sign that the core of the tooth has been damaged. In such cases, you need to book immediate appointment at a dentist office open 24 hours to overcome the situation. It is recommended that you rinse your mouth with warm water and use an ice pack on the swollen area if the fracture is caused by facial trauma. You can also take a painkiller other than aspirin to get some relief from the pain. Your dentist will take an x-ray to detect the exact damage and decide a suitable treatment. If the soft tissue if damaged, a root canal is recommended and in case of external damage, a dental crown will do the deed.
Tissue injury – Injuries inside the mouth such as wounds, tears to the cheeks, tongue, and lips or lacerations needs immediate attention. If you face such situations, rinse your mouth with warm water and call for the 24 hour emergency dental service in your area. An oral surgeon can help control the bleeding and pain in your mouth.
Some other conditions of urgent dental aid involve severe toothache, broken tooth and gum bleeding. You should take quick action and follow necessary steps to get control over the situation.
Dental emergencies demand instant attention of a dentist to help recover you from the pain and discomfort. You can consult a dedicated and qualified dental practitioner at Dulwich Dental Office for instant recovery from your pain.


text:
Jacqueline Sue Kelly
October 11, 1964 - September 1, 2021
Jacqueline Sue (Jackson) Kelly was born on October 11, 1964, in Artesia, California to Quenton Jack and Marla Fayne (Monroe) Jackson. Jacqueline passed away on September 1, 2021, at her home in Ratliff City, Oklahoma at the age of 56. Jacqueline was raised in Enos, OK and graduated from Kingston Public School. She married Anthony (Tony) Kelly on January 12, 1984, in Sherman, TX and they began their journey together raising their family. They moved to Ratliff City in 2008. Jacqueline was a homemaker to her husband and children, and she had a deep love for them. In her free time, she enjoyed crafting, painting, fishing, camping, and going to swap meets and garage sales. Jacqueline was preceded in death by 3 miscarried babies; newborn son Joel Ray Kelly; parents Quenton Jack and Marla Fayne Jackson and niece Rebecca Jackson Guzman. Jacqueline is survived by her loving and devoted husband Anthony (Tony) Kelly of the home; treasured children Pamela Bearden and husband Austin of Kiefer, OK and Cody Hall of Enos, OK; adored grandchildren Karley, Kailey and Kenzley Bearden and Cassidy Hall; brothers Darryl Jackson and wife Valerie and Jimmy Jackson and wife Carol and numerous extended family and dear friends. Funeral services will be held at 12:00 PM Tuesday, September 7, 2021, at Brown's Funeral Service Chapel in Madill. Pastor Chris Webb will officiate. Interment will follow in Lark Cemetery with Jimmy Jackson, Cody Hall, Jerry Kelly, Billy Weaver, Austin Bearden, and Brandon Jackson in honor of Darryl Jackson. The family will receive friends the Funeral Home on Monday evening from 6-8 PM. Condolences may be sent to the family at www.brownsfuneralservice.com. Arrangements are under the direction of Brown's Funeral Service, Madill, Oklahoma. https://www.tributeslides.com/tributes/show/PX5Z3GZDQ3FL4J7Y
Jacqueline Sue (Jackson) Kelly was born on October 11, 1964, in Artesia, California to Quenton Jack and Marla Fayne (Monroe) Jackson. Jacqueline passed away on September 1, 2021, at her home in Ratliff City, Oklahoma at the age of 56. Jacqueline... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Jacqueline Sue Kelly created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
Jacqueline Sue (Jackson) Kelly was born on October 11, 1964,...
Send flowers to the Kelly family.


The Brand new mattress is made with four different layers of foam, adding up to 10 inches of relaxation. The most recent iteration includes a Zoned Support, that will be good to notice, in that it includes two distinct types of foam: One is softer under the shoulder area and the other firm to the hip region. It's intended to provide the perfect relaxation.
Cover – Its cover is made with a unique polyester that's thick and usually snaps back into its original place quickly, this means it will not bunch if you make movements during the night. Note that it is removable so you can clean it along with the bedding.
Comfort Layer – The layer is made of a latex-like foam that gives the mattress some good immediate bounce. Whilst this region quickly in responding to pressure it gives room for the consumer to sink in with ease. Like every latex, this foam also has great cooling , making certain the mattress won't sleep too hot at night.
Contour Layer – Under its relaxation layers, one will get the part of this memory foam. This coating gives the body a contouring feel while also relieving pressure to its upper layers.
Support Layer – The next layer is the place where you get the zoned support that's made with two types of a durable polyfoam, with its milder variation placed on the borders of the mattress while the warmer one is put in the middle. The placement is supposed to help with stress relief and support.
Foundation Layer – The base of the mattress is made with a heavy duty polyester form which gives it a fantastic construction.
1) Firmness – When you employ some kind of pressure to it something you get is a good bounce. Implementing pressure farther, one receives a contouring from its memory foam layer. It will not feel like you're getting stuck in the mattress. Though you might get good sinkage from its shape layers, its zoned support and polyester foam layers will lift you off the mattress. This indicates you'll feel like you're sleeping on top instead of on it and will not ever feel trapped. It is good for people who sleep in many places and the mattress's is simple for rolling over when you need to.
Laying In your back — While lying on your back, one has a good pressure relief in the Casper mattress. The zone service gives space at your lower back as well as the hip area.
Laying On the side — Since you turn over on the side, you may continue get comfy. The Zoned Support alleviates any strain at the shoulders and shoulders by cradling the memory.
Laying On the tummy — Rolling onto the gut, the mattress does well to keep the spine in a good alignment. Be aware that it is easy to switch between all these different sleeping positions.
3) Motion Transport – If a person plans on sharing her or his bed with anybody, you need to know what it feels like when another person moves from bed or lugging around at the night. The mattress is fairly average when it comes to containing virtually any motion. That means you will likely feel it as your partner tosses and turns during the night but it will not be anything too disturbing.
It Shows less sinkage in comparison to most other foam mattresses. Additionally, it shows that the upper layer together with the polyester foam foundation provides the mattress a buoyant lift, supporting the consumer. It's particularly beneficial for on-the-stomach and back sleepers.
5) Edge Support – When you share your bed with someone and want to use the entire subject of the bed, it is a fantastic idea to take into account the degree of advantage support the mattress will give. As you lay on your back, you will feel well supported on its own edges. Zoned Support does well in ensuring you are protected at the edges and helps to ensure you won't fall from the bed. Tossing onto your side, you'll continue to feel secure on the edges. Most foam mattresses experience extra compression when people sit on them but Casper mattresses do consume nicely.
• Zoned support – When a person encounters distress at the shoulders or hips, an individual will surely get a great deal of help from the mattress's Zoned Support layer. This section can help to cushion the distress arising in a variety of ways, offering a pain free break.
• Balanced foam feel — Someone seeking to locate a good balance foam texture, must consider the Casper mattress. Its memory foam, latex as well as the heavy-duty polyester foam work together perfectly on the bed to provide you with a very wonderful rest encounter.
The Casper mattress encircles great technology to offer a Fantastic sleeping Experience, using a secret being its exceptional Zoned Support layers offering a good Pressure assistance and relief system. After running a general overview of Casper Mattresses, it is relatively well-constructed and will provide a good return on Your money considering its retail cost in the marketplace. So, if You're Experiencing discomfort at your shoulder or hip area, consider purchasing the Casper mattress.


09:49 AM - ibthegator quoted Xander in post 2017 Pure/Scrambler/UGS - Add Rev Counter!
04:04 PM - ibthegator quoted Xander in post 2017 Pure/Scrambler/UGS - Add Rev Counter!
03:42 AM - Jay's MC Garage quoted Xander in post Extorting charity?