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text:
John Stuart Robertson (14 de junio de 1878 – 5 de noviembre de 1964) fue un actor y director cinematográfico canadiense, conocido sobre todo por su película de 1920 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, protagonizada por John Barrymore.

Biografía
Nacido en London, Ontario (Canadá), se inició en el cine en 1915 con las compañías Vitagraph y Famous Players-Lasky, rodando un total de unas 60 películas a lo largo de su carrera. Robertson dejó el cine en 1935, ante el avance de las películas sonoras.

John S. Robertson falleció en 1964 en Escondido, California, a los 86 años de edad. Había estado casado con la guionista Josephine Lovett.

Filmografía

Director

Actor

Productor

Guionista
 The Girl of Today (1918)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

stage plays in which John S Robertson appeared
John S. Robertson at Virtual History

Actores de cine de Canadá
Directores de cine de Canadá
Actores de cine mudo
Directores de cine mudo
Nacidos en Londres

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The Supreme Court has today handed down judgment in Burnden Holdings (UK) Ltd v Fielding & ors  UKSC 14. View judgement here.
The result of this decision is that wherever a company brings a claim against a director that the director has unlawfully or in breach of their fiduciary duties disposed of the company's property for their own benefit, no limitation defence will apply. For all purposes, directors of a company are treated as having 'previously received' all of the company's assets, and if they benefit from the transaction under scrutiny, then the assets are treated as having been converted to their use.
The greater impact of this decision will doubtless be on the indemnity insurance market; if directors' actions in relation to the assets of their companies are open to scrutiny and challenge without limitation, the ability to insure against such claims must be severely hampered. Director-shareholders who want to extract the value from their companies in good times should take extra care in how those transactions are structured, lest distant future creditors seek to have them reversed.
View Aidan's full case report here.


text:
Meet Ann : A Leader in Female Entrepreneurship
After obtaining her degree in journalism, Ann pursued a career in marketing. But in 2014, she decided to quit her 9 to 5 job to kickstart her own business. With only a laptop in hand, she launched The Writing Agency, a content creation company.
Today, The Writing Agency helps small businesses across Kenya create content for marketing purposes. Website descriptions, newsletters, business cards- multiple services are offered with the goal of helping small and medium enterprises better engage with their customers.
While Ann has now become a successful business owner, even serving as a mentor to starting entrepreneurs, she encountered several hurdles in the beginning. As she moved away from formal employment, her most important challenge was learning how to become a business owner.
"The lack of information around having a business was an issue for me. Setting up a business model, dealing with taxations, registering a business...I had to learn all of that."
Photo by Leon on Unsplash
Eventually, Ann was able to attend various business training programs offered by incubators and accelerators around the country which allowed her to gain the necessary skills and knowledge to grow her business. But as she highlights, they were not the most affordable.
"$500 can be quite expensive for small business owners."
This type of problem is not uncommon in Kenya where there is a lack of support for female entrepreneurs. Whether it be the collateral-based system for loans or the expectation that women should be the primary caregivers, female entrepreneurs encounter unique challenges that can limit the growth of their business.
For Ann, remaining a small business is important since it allows her to maximize her impact within her community. However, she recognizes the difficulties other women entrepreneurs face when looking to scale up.
"There is a preference for tech startups when it comes to getting financial support from venture capitalists, and these are usually founded by men. Women are more involved in social impact businesses which do not attract as much funding."
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Ann recognizes the unfairness of the system and advocates for change, encouraging banks and institutions to actively engage with women, to understand the disadvantages they face due to the systematic gender inequalities, and to recognize the need for policies to mitigate these issues.
"There is a lack of empathy. We need to understand the African woman and the challenges that are unique to her. There has to be a more holistic approach. We need to ask ourselves: "Who are these women? How are they living?" We need a more human-centered approach."
Photo by Vonecia Carswell on Unsplash
Having been in the industry for almost 7 years now, she also has some advice to other female entrepreneurs :
"(1) Gain knowledge; take a course, some of them are free.
(2) Stay in a community of business owners who can support you. Learn from them.
(3) Seek out mentors and skilled workers to keep you motivated.
(4) Seek out smaller funding opportunities that are not too strict and do not require a significant form of collateral."
But her most important advice is to not undermine your business. "Even if it's small, it's still helping somebody. If you're solving a problem, you're having a significant impact."
Mkono strives to empower entrepreneurs like Ann, a leader within her community and a mentor to other entrepreneurs. With plans to further develop The Writing Agency, and empowering small businesses at the same time, Ann represents a success story for female entrepreneurship. So if you're looking to venture in business and you need somebody dedicated to support you, make sure to check out The Writing Agency!
"I learned about Mkono late in 2020, at a time when the pandemic had really slowed down business. Our revenues dropped by up to 70% compared to the previous year. I had plans to pivot to a new niche and product line but didn't have the capital to do so. Mkono offered two important things (1) an interest-free loan with flexible payment terms and (2) free business advice and mentorship to help firm up my pivoting concept.
These were two things I really needed at that time and that have helped my business keep going five months later. I'm very grateful to Mkono for their support."
To help us continue supporting entrepreneurs like Ann, consider donating today.
Explore our "Meet…" series and learn more about entrepreneurs like Nixon, Justine and Caroline.
Take a look at our impact so far! (+ a sneak peak at what the entrepreneurs are saying about us)
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What an exquisite article! Your post is very helpful right now. Thank you for sharing this informative one.
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text:
The Great Brown-Pericord Motor
Illustration by Henri Lanos in Je Sais Tout (1908)
The Great Brown-Pericord Motor is a short story written by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in The Cheshire Observer on 19 december 1891.
2 Illustrations
3 Adaptations
4 Plot summary (spoiler)
5 The Great Brown-Pericord Motor
in The Cheshire Observer (19 december 1891 [UK])
in The Ludgate Weekly Magazine (5 march 1892 [UK])
in Yankee Blade (7 may 1892 [US]) 1 illustration
in The Hawaiian Star (16 march 1895 [US]) 2 ill.
in Pictorial Magazine (7 january 1905) 2 ill.
in Los Angeles Evening Express (25 may 1895 [US]) 2 ill.
in Je Sais Tout No. 41 (15 june 1908, Pierre Lafitte [FR]) as Le Grand moteur Brown-Péricord, 3 ill. by Henri Lanos
in The Last Galley (1910, R. Harold Paget [US])
in The Passing of the Legions (1911, R. Harold Paget [US])
in The Last Galley: Impressions and Tales (26 april 1911, Smith, Elder & Co. [UK])
in The Last Galley: Impressions and Tales (26 april 1911, G. Bell & Sons Ltd. [UK])
in The Last Galley (may 1911, Bernhard Tauchnitz No. 4260 [DE])
in The Last Galley: Impressions and Tales (september 1911, Doubleday, Page & Co. [US])
in Tales of Adventure and Medical Life (27 july 1922, John Murray [UK])
in Dimanche Illustré No. 107 (15 march 1925 [FR]) as Le Grand moteur Brown-Pericord, 2 ill. by G. Dutriac
in The Man From Archangel and Other Tales of Adventure (autumn 1925, George H. Doran Co. [US])
in The Adventures of Gerard. The Last Galley, Other Stories (1930, Doubleday, Doran & Co. Author's Edition vol. 4 [US])
in Round the Fire Stories (1930, Doubleday, Doran & Co. Author's Edition vol. 22 [US])
in Ric et Rac No. 75 (16 august 1930 [FR]) as Le Moteur Brown-Péricord
in La Ville du gouffre (november 1930, Albin Michel [FR]) as Le Moteur Brown-Péricord
in Lisez-moi Aventures No. 60 (may 1951, Jules Tallandier [FR]) as Le Moteur Brown-Pericord
Illustrations in The Hawaiian Star (16 march 1895)
"It acts!" he cried. "The Brown-Pericord motor acts!"
Pericord watched it with a white, drawn face.
Illustrations by Henri Lanos in Je Sais Tout (15 june 1908)
The last preparations.
The first wing beats.
A dead man flying.
Illustrations by G. Dutriac in Dimanche Illustré (15 march 1925)
2002 : The Great Brown-Pericord Motor, by Milton Knight
Plot summary (spoiler)
Francis Pericord, inventor of a flying machine prototype, is associated with Jeremy Brown, a well-known mechanician. Pericord got the idea and Brown built the prototype. They decide to test their prototype outside London in an isolated place in the country. The machine works well. Pericord thinks it will be the best innovation and he will win the gratitude and goodwill of the human race. But Brown confesses he registered the machine on his own and only name just before their trip. They have a fight and Brown dies by falling on his own knife. Pericord is panicked. The machine became hateful to him. He decides to attach Brown's body to the machine and he lights the machine on. It flies with the corpse towards the south until it disappears faraway. Pericord was then interned in the New York State Asylum Lunatic.
The Cheshire Observer (19 december 1891, p. 8)
It was a cold, foggy, dreary evening in May. Along the Strand blurred patches of light marked the position of the lamps. The flaring shop windows flickered vaguely with steamy brightness through the thick and heavy atmosphere.
The high lines of houses which lead down to the Embankment were all dark and deserted, or illuminated only by the glimmering lamp of the caretaker. At one point, however, there shone out from three windows upon the second floor a rich flood of light, which broke the sombre monotony of the terrace. Passers-by glanced up curiously, and drew each other's attention to the ruddy glare, for it marked the chambers of Francis Pericord, the inventor and electrical engineer. Long into the watches of the night the gleam of his lamps bore witness to the untiring energy and restless industry which was rapidly carrying him to the first rank in his profession.
Within the chamber sat two men. The one was Pericord himself — hawk-faced and angular, with the black hair and brisk bearing which spoke of his Celtic origin. The other — thick, sturdy, and blue-eyed—was Jeremy Brown, the well-known mechanician. They had been partners in many an invention, in which the creative genius of the one had been aided by the practical abilities of the other. It was a question among their friends as to which was the better man.
It was no chance visit which had brought Brown into Pericord's workshop at so late an hour. Business was to be done—business which was to decide the failure or success of months of work, and which might affect their whole careers. Between them lay a long brown table, stained and corroded by strong acids, and littered with giant carboys, Faure's accumulators, voltaic piles, coils of wire, and great blocks of non-conducting porcelain. In the midst of all this lumber there stood a singular whizzing, whirring machine, upon which the eyes of both partners were riveted.
A small square metal receptacle was connected by numerous wires to a broad steel girdle, furnished on either side with two powerful projecting joints. The girdle was motionless, but the joints with the short arms attached to them flashed round every few seconds, with a pause between each rhythmic turn. The power which moved them came evidently from the metal box. A subtle odour of ozone was in the air.
"How about the flanges, Brown?" asked the inventor.
"They were too large to bring. They are seven foot by three. There is power enough there to work them, however. I will answer for that."
"Aluminium with an alloy of copper?"
"See how beautifully it works." Pericord stretched out a thin, nervous hand, and pressed a button upon the machine. The joints revolved more slowly, and came presently to a dead stop. Again he touched a spring and the arms shivered and woke up again into their crisp metallic life. "The experimenter need not exert his muscular powers," he remarked. "He has only to be passive, and use his intelligence."
"Thanks to my motor," said Brown.
"Our motor," the other broke in sharply.
"Oh, of course," said his colleague impatiently.
"The motor which you thought of, and which I reduced to practice— call it what you like."
"I call it the Brown-Pericord Motor," cried the inventor with an angry flash of his dark eyes. "You worked out the details, but the abstract thought is mine, and mine alone."
"An abstract thought won't turn an engine," said Brown, doggedly.
"That was why I took you into partnership," the other retorted, drumming nervously with his fingers upon the table. "I invent, you build. It is a fair division of labour."
Brown pursed up his lips, as though by no means satisfied upon the point. Seeing, however, that further argument was useless, he turned his attention to the machine, which was shivering and rocking with each swing of its arms, as though a very little more would send it skimming from the table.
"Is it not splendid?" cried Pericord.
"It is satisfactory," said the more phlegmatic Anglo-Saxon.
"There's immortality in it!"
"There's money in it!"
"Our names will go down with Montgolfier's."
"With Rothschild's, I hope."
"No, no, Brown; you take too material a view," cried the inventor, raising his gleaming eyes from the machine to his companion. "Our fortunes are a mere detail. Money is a thing which every heavy-witted plutocrat in the country shares with us. My hopes rise to something higher than that. Our true reward will come in the gratitude and goodwill of the human race."
Brown shrugged his shoulders. "You may have my share of that," he said. "I am a practical man. We must test our invention."
"Where can we do it?"
"That is what I wanted to speak about. It must be absolutely secret. If we had private grounds of our own it would be an easy matter, but there is no privacy in London."
"We must take it into the country."
"I have a suggestion to offer," said Brown. "My brother has a place in Sussex on the high land near Beachy Head. There is, I remember, a large and lofty barn near the house. Will is in Scotland, but the key is always at my disposal. Why not take the machine down tomorrow and test it in the barn?"
"Nothing could be better."
"There is a train to Eastbourne at one."
"I shall be at the station."
"Bring the gear with you, and I will bring the flanges," said the mechanician, rising. "Tomorrow will prove whether we have been following a shadow, or whether fortune is at our feet. One o'clock at Victoria." He walked swiftly down the stair and was quickly reabsorbed into the flood of comfortless clammy humanity which ebbed and flowed along the Strand.
The morning was bright and spring-like. A pale blue sky arched over London, with a few gauzy white clouds drifting lazily across it. At eleven o'clock Brown might have been seen entering the Patent Office with a great roll of parchment, diagrams, and plans under his arm. At twelve he emerged again smiling, and, opening his pocket-book, he packed away very carefully a small slip of official blue paper. At five minutes to one his cab rolled into Victoria Station. Two giant canvas-covered parcels, like enormous kites, were handed down by the cabman from the top, and consigned to the care of a guard. On the platform Pericord was pacing up and down, with long eager step and swinging arms, a tinge of pink upon his sunken and sallow cheeks.
"All right?" he asked.
Brown pointed in answer to his baggage.
"I have the motor and the girdle already packed away in the guard's van. Be careful, guard, for it is delicate machinery of great value. So! Now we can start with an easy conscience."
At Eastbourne the precious motor was carried to a four-wheeler, and the great flanges hoisted on the top. A long drive took them to the house where the keys were kept, whence they set off across the barren Downs. The building which was their destination was a commonplace white-washed structure, with straggling stables and out-houses, standing in a grassy hollow which sloped down from the edge of the chalk cliffs. It was a cheerless house even when in use, but now with its smokeless chimneys and shuttered windows it looked doubly dreary. The owner had planted a grove of young larches and firs around it, but the sweeping spray had blighted them, and they hung their withered heads in melancholy groups. It was a gloomy and forbidding spot.
But the inventors were in no mood to be moved by such trifles. The lonelier the place, the more fitted for their purpose. With the help of the cabman they carried their packages down the footpath, and laid them in the darkened dining-room. The sun was setting as the distant murmur of wheels told them that they were finally alone.
Pericord had thrown open the shutters and the mellow evening light streamed in through the discoloured windows. Brown drew a knife from his pocket and cut the pack-thread with which the canvas was secured. As the brown covering fell away it disclosed two great yellow metal fans. These he leaned carefully against the wall. The girdle, the connecting-bands, and the motor were then in turn unpacked. It was dark before all was set out in order. A lamp was lit, and by its light the two men continued to tighten screws, clinch rivets, and make the last preparations for their experiment.
"That finishes it," said Brown at last, stepping back and surveying the machine.
Pericord said nothing, but his face glowed with pride and expectation.
"We must have something to eat," Brown remarked, laying out some provisions which he had brought with him.
"Afterwards."
"No, now," said the stolid mechanician. "I am half starved." He pulled up to the table and made a hearty meal, while his Celtic companion strode impatiently up and down, with twitching fingers and restless eyes.
"Now then," said Brown, facing round, and brushing the crumbs from his lap, "who is to put it on?"
"I shall," cried his companion eagerly. "What we do to-night is likely to be historic."
"But there is some danger," suggested Brown. "We cannot quite tell how it may act."
"That is nothing," said Pericord, with a wave of his hand.
"But there is no use our going out of our way to incur danger."
"What then? One of us must do it."
"Not at all. The motor would act equally well if attached to any inanimate object."
"That is true," said Pericord, thoughtfully.
"There are bricks by the barn. I have a sack here. Why should not a bagful of them take your place?"
"It is a good idea. I see no objection."
"Come on then," and the two sallied out, bearing with them the various sections of their machine. The moon was shining cold and clear though an occasional ragged cloud drifted across her face. All was still and silent upon the Downs. They stood and listened before they entered the barn, but not a sound came to their ears, save the dull murmur of the sea and the distant barking of a dog. Pericord journeyed backwards and forwards with all that they might need, while Brown filled a long narrow sack with bricks.
When all was ready, the door of the barn was closed, and the lamp balanced upon an empty packing-case. The bag of bricks was laid upon two trestles, and the broad steel girdle was buckled round it. Then the great flanges, the wires, and the metal box containing the motor were in turn attached to the girdle. Last of all a flat steel rudder, shaped like a fish's tail, was secured to the bottom of the sack.
"We must make it travel in a small circle," said Pericord, glancing round at the bare high walls.
"Tie the rudder down at one side," suggested Brown. "Now it is ready. Press the connection and off she goes!"
Pericord leaned forward, his long sallow face quivering with excitement. His white nervous hands darted here and there among the wires. Brown stood impassive with critical eyes. There was a sharp burr from the machine. The huge yellow wings gave a convulsive flap. Then another. Then a third, slower and stronger, with a fuller sweep. Then a fourth which filled the barn with a blast of driven air. At the fifth the bag of bricks began to dance upon the trestles. At the sixth it sprang into the air, and would have fallen to the ground, but the seventh came to save it, and fluttered it forward through the air. Slowly rising, it flapped heavily round in a circle, like some great clumsy bird, filling the barn with its buzzing and whirring. In the uncertain yellow light of the single lamp it was strange to see the loom of the ungainly thing, flapping off into the shadows, and then circling back into the narrow zone of light.
The two men stood for a while in silence. Then Pericord threw his long arms up into the air.
"It acts!" he cried. "The Brown-Pericord Motor acts!" He danced about like a madman in his delight. Brown's eyes twinkled, and he began to whistle.
"See how smoothly it goes, Brown!" cried the inventor. "And the rudder —how well it acts! We must register it tomorrow."
His comrade's face darkened and set. "It is registered," he said, with a forced laugh.
"Registered?" said Pericord. "Registered?" He repeated the word first in a whisper, and then in a kind of scream. "Who has dared to register my invention?"
"I did it this morning. There is nothing to be excited about. It is all right."
"You registered the motor! Under whose name?"
"Under my own," said Brown, sullenly. "I consider that I have the best right to it."
"And my name does not appear?"
"No, but—"
"You villain!" screamed Pericord. "You thief and villain! You would steal my work! You would filch my credit! I will have that patent back if I have to tear your throat out!" A sombre fire burned in his black eyes, and his hands writhed themselves together with passion. Brown was no coward, but he shrank back as the other advanced upon him.
"Keep your hands off!" he said, drawing a knife from his pocket. "I will defend myself if you attack me."
"You threaten me?" cried Pericord, whose face was livid with anger. "You are a bully as well as a cheat. Will you give up the patent?"
"No, I will not."
"Brown, I say, give it up!"
"I will not. I did the work."
Pericord sprang madly forward with blazing eyes and clutching fingers. His companion writhed out of his grasp, but was dashed against the packing-case, over which he fell. The lamp was extinguished, and the whole barn plunged into darkness. A single ray of moonlight shining through a narrow chink flickered over the great waving fans as they came and went.
"Will you give up the patent, Brown?"
There was no answer.
"Will you give it up?"
Again no answer. Not a sound save the humming and creaking overhead. A cold pang of fear and doubt struck through Pericord's heart. He felt aimlessly about in the dark and his fingers closed upon a hand. It was cold and unresponsive. With all his anger turned to icy horror he struck a match, set the lamp up, and lit it.
Brown lay huddled up on the other side of the packing-case. Pericord seized him in his arms, and with convulsive strength lifted him across. Then the mystery of his silence was explained. He had fallen with his right arms doubled up under him, and his own weight had driven the knife deeply into his body. He had died without a groan. The tragedy had been sudden, horrible, and complete.
Pericord sat silently on the edge of the case, staring blankly down, and shivering like one with the ague, while the great Brown-Pericord Motor boomed and hurtled above him. How long he sat there can never be known. It might have been minutes or it might have been hours. A thousand mad schemes flashed through his dazed brain. It was true that he had been only the indirect cause. But who would believe that? He glanced down at his blood-spattered clothing. Everything was against him. It would be better to fly than to give himself up, relying upon his innocence. No one in London knew where they were. If he could dispose of the body he might have a few days clear before any suspicion would be aroused.
Suddenly a loud crash recalled him to himself. The flying sack had gradually risen with each successive circle until it had struck against the rafters. The blow displaced the connecting-gear, and the machine fell heavily to the ground. Pericord undid the girdle. The motor was uninjured. A sudden strange thought flashed upon him as he looked at it. The machine had become hateful to him. He might dispose both of it and the body in a way that would baffle all human search.
He threw open the barn door, and carried his companion out into the moonlight. There was a hillock outside, and on the summit of this he laid him reverently down. Then he brought from the barn the motor, the girdle and the flanges. With trembling fingers he fastened the broad steel belt round the dead man's waist. Then he screwed the wings into the sockets. Beneath he slung the motor-box, fastened the wires, and switched on the connection. For a minute or two the huge yellow fans flapped and flickered. Then the body began to move in little jumps down the side of the hillock, gathering a gradual momentum, until at last it heaved up into the air and soared off in the moonlight. He had not used the rudder, but had turned the head for the south. Gradually the weird thing rose higher, and sped faster, until it had passed over the line of cliff, and was sweeping over the silent sea. Pericord watched it with a white drawn face, until it looked like a black bird with golden wings half shrouded in the mist which lay over the waters.
In the New York State Lunatic Asylum there is a wild-eyed man whose name and birth-place are alike unknown. His reason has been unseated by some sudden shock, the doctors say, though of what nature they are unable to determine. "It is the most delicate machine which is most readily put out of gear," they remark, and point, in proof of their axiom, to the complicated electric engines, and remarkable aeronautic machines which the patient is fond of devising in his more lucid moments.
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South African police have rearrested another Zimbabwean who recently escaped from Kutama Sinthumule Correctional Centre outside Makhado town in Limpopo Province.
Raphael Nyota (30) had escaped from the prison where he was serving his sentence for robbery and murder with seven others.
He was reportedly re-arrested in a pre-dawn raid in Ivory Park Gauteng on Friday morning.
Limpopo police spokesperson Colonel Moatshe Ngoepe said the inmates escaped from prison on 27 October last year in the evening.
He said other members of the gang who were arrested earlier last week are Chris Faku (37), Jabulani Isaac Mahlangu (32) from Pretoria in the Gauteng Province, Ntshengedzeni Manukha (26) from Thohoyandou, Ntshavheni Thomas Munyai (30) from Riverside, Justice Makamo (28) from Zimbabwe and Phathutshedzo Namadodzi (34) from Dididi village outside Thohoyandou.
"The remaining escapee of the seven prisoners who broke out from Kutama Sinthumule Correctional Centre outside Makhado has been re-arrested during an Intelligence-led joint operation that was conducted in the early hours of Friday.
"Raphael Nyota aged 30 from Harare in Zimbabwe, was apprehended around Ivory Park taxi rank in the Gauteng Province. This brings to seven (7) the total number of all the escapees re-arrested. Nyota was imprisoned for murder and robbery with aggravating circumstances," he said.
He said Nyota will soon appear before a Makhado Magistrate Court charged with escaping from lawful custody.
"Investigations around the jail escape are underway," said Col Ngoepe.
The Provincial Police Commissioner for Limpopo Lieutenant General Nneke Ledwaba said, "I would like to commend the teams of Saps Operations and other role players for the job well done in bringing all these dangerous criminals back to where they belong".


text:
Why Study in CUN
About CUN
Return HomeMinZu University of China (CUN) -> Schools
Established in 1956, the Department of History is one of the first departments in the Central University for Nationalities (CUN). In its early days, many famous scholars and senior professors, such as Wu Wenzao, Fei Xiaotong, Pan Guangdan, Weng Dujian, Lin Yaohua, Fu Yuehuan and Wang Zhonghan worked here. Their teaching and research has laid foundation for the discipline construction and talent cultivation of the department. After all the efforts made by generations of scholars, the Department of History now has developed into one of the most distinctive and prestigious departments in the CUN.
For over 50 years since its establishment, the department has educated 1958 undergraduates, 158 masters, 37 doctors, 2 postdoctors, 10 international students. 110 and 226 persons have graduated from the Training Class for Postgraduate Courses and Adult Academic Class respectively. A great number of excellent ethnic cadres, specialists and scholars graduated from this department have brought great reputation for the university.
The Department of History is a key project in CUN for the "211 Project" -- a governmental plan to strengthen 100 key universities with priority in the 21st century and the "985 Project" --- a governmental plan to financially support 38 universities in China to become the world-class universities. At present, the department provides 1 postdoctoral program (jointly 合作), 2 doctoral programs (Chinese Ethnic History and History of Particular Subjects), 9 master programs (Chinese Ethnic History, Ancient Chinese History, Modern and Contemporary Chinese History, World History, History of Particular Subjects, Historical Theories and History of Historical Science, Studies of Historical Literature, Historical Geography and Archaeology). It contains one National Base for Talent Cultivation and Scientific Research for the Basic Disciplines of Arts approved by the Ministry of Education of PRC. A complete education system integrating undergraduate, master and doctoral programs has been developed in this department. Each year, there are usually 6 to 8 undergraduate students recommended to key university, such as Peking University, Renmin University of China and Fudan University. More than 40% of undergraduate students will pursue their study in master programs in average.
The Department of History has developed its own features and accomplished great achievement in academic research on fields such as the History of Manchu Language and Qing Dynasty, History of Meng-Yuan Dynasty, History of Liao and Jin Dynasties, Tibetan History, History of Chinese Southern Ethnic Groups, History of Ethnic Relations and Chinese Nation Formation History, among which Chinese Nationality History has been approved as the National Key Discipline.
At present, the department owns a faculty of high quality, high-level academics and meticulous scholarship, which ensures the high quality of the department's teaching and research. The faculty includes 10 professors, 7 associated professors and 9 lecturers, among whom 19 have doctoral degrees. In addition, the department also owns a management team of high efficiency and high service quality, which ensures the smooth proceeding of the teaching management, administrative management and student administration. The teaching and research division of the department includes Office of Ancient Chinese History, Office of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History, Office of Chinese Nationality History, Office of World History, Institute of Nationality history and Institute of Manchuology. The administrative offices includes Office of Undergraduate Education Administration, Office of Graduate Studies , Office for Communist Party and Youth League and Office of Administration . The Honorable Director of the department is Professor Wang Zhonghan, a famous specialist in Qing and Manchu history studies. Professor Cang Ming is the present Director of the department and Miss Zhou Jiejing is the present Secretary of the Communist Party for the department.


Hi all! Today I have for you my second review, for a lesser-seen movie named Computer Chess, directed by mumblecore kingpin Andrew Bujaski. One of these days I'll review a film that's in color. As always (since Monday), you can find stories, news, and conversation about film (and on Tuesdays, TV) over at Second Unit - and check out the new logo, courtesy WhiskeyInTheShade.


This add-on "CN23 + Taric Informations" enable you to set up immediately the CN23 Declaration for the Customs, when your parcel is leaving the European Union, with the Taric code and the country of origin for every product. A must have ! Simple and fast installation. The page of the settings enables you to setup once for all, the coordinates of the shipper, his references and even an image of the stamp of the company or the signature of the legal representative. On each product page, a tab appears, doing it possible to seize the Taric Code and the country of origin ! And that's all! With each order, from now on, you will be able to publish the CN23 and the invoices will gather all information for the Customs! The CN23 shows the tracking number, displays the signature, all the coordinates and the contents with weight, price quantity, etc. AUTOMATICALLY! The pain is over ! - Display of TARIC number and its country of origin under each product line, on the invoice, - Multilingual, including CN23 and the invoice, - Sender Settings, upload signature or stamp with Customs references, - Select the name of the country according to the ISO Standard, - Access to the Europa website for help in the selection of TARIC numbers - Printing the CN23 form in PDF or not, according to your wish, - bar code tracking number type (code128), selection of the consignment type (commercial or not, document, etc ...) displayed on the CN23 with the TARIC code, the product's country of origin , its price, weight, transport costs, the invoice number and all the information (with telephone and e-mail) of the sender and recipient. - Declaration is corresponding to the customs needs ! Customer Benefits The package will arrive without being blocked by Customs for days due to lack of CN23 declaration and invoices accompanying with the TARIC codes and countries of origin of products! Then taxes will be calculated as accurately without penalty! Customs generally appreciate packages filled with a CN23 Customs Declaration. It's a guarantee of transparency and seriousness on the part of the expeditor and the recipient!


text:
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Helena Brooklyn, NY Anywhere in New York No 1/24/2023
Sienna Bronx, NY New York City, NY Yes 1/22/2023
Ochi (ah-chee) New York City, NY New York City, NY Yes 1/16/2023
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masum Queens, NY Queens, NY Yes 1/5/2023
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text:
Ms. Aimee Bernstein, Esq.
Mr. Scott Dieterich
Mr. Rohan Howell
Dr. Joseph Hoffman
Mr. William Imbriale
Mrs. Lu-Ann Plaisance
Mr. Kristofer Schnatz '99
Capt. Rick Smith '81
Capt. Mark Woolley
Mr kristofer schnatz 99
Kristofer Schnatz oversees the entire department of athletics, intramural and club sports, including 16 varsity programs and three club programs, competing at the NCAA Division III level in the Skyline Conference, Eastern Collegiate Football Conference, Intercollegiate Sailing Association and USA Rowing. Schnatz has a bachelor's degree in Marine Transportation from Maritime and served on the college's assistant basketball coaching staff. He left Maritime for Indiana University Northwest, where he served as the executive director of Athletics from 2012 to 2016 and as its head basketball coach and, from 2014 to 2016, as its director of the health, physical education and recreation department, and returned when the director of Althetics position opened up.
He has also worked at the Fredericksburg Academy in Virginia and at the Purdue University North Central. He also worked as an operations manager and master with the Blue Chip Casino, Hotel and Spa in Michigan City, Indiana, and as a marine analyst for National Imagine and Mapping Agency in Maryland. He has a master's degree in Sports Administration from Valparaiso University.
Athletics:


text:
Q: How to migrate a Cordova app to Shared mode Crosswalk I have successfully migrated my existing project (in the case, an Ionic project) to use Crosswalk.
The performance of the app in the Android 4.0.3 WebKit was terrible and it was perfectly fixed with Crosswalk.
As expected the distribution APK size grew ~18MB.
Then I found the Shared mode and I followed the directions to create a new project and it worked.
My apps's APK size was reduced and I got this running after dristributing both APKs.
TL;dr
Now, how do I migrate my Cordova app to Crosswalk - shared mode?
Is it possible? Or does it work only with original Crosswalk applications?
PS:
This is not a duplicate of crosswalk cordova build for google play store.

A: currently crosswalk-cordova does not support shared mode.
We have added a task to make shared mode works with crosswalk-cordova, see:
https://crosswalk-project.org/jira/browse/XWALK-2751

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Who are our neighbours in this ministry area? What are their dreams and their concerns about our communities? How can we best welcome and serve them in order to make our communities better places to live? These are some of the questions we will have been exploring in our second Ministry Area service for our 'Year of Listening' on Sunday 1st July.
Jesus, of course, famously commanded us to 'love our neighbour as ourselves', but also modelled through his earthly ministry a way of loving and serving those around him, creating opportunities for healing, hospitality and reconciliation. Significantly, this loving service extended to both young people — like Jairus' daughter — and those who are marginalised by our society — like the haemorrhaging woman.
Outward-focused churches are healthy churches, because they are following Jesus' example of service. Putting time and energy towards serving others builds us up in our own spiritual lives, helping us to grow in maturity as Christians and learn how to express our faith through every area of our lives.
We are unusual in Cyncoed Ministry Area in a couple of ways. Firstly, we still have a remarkably high proportion of church members who live very locally, either within our parish boundaries, or in some cases only just outside of them. But secondly, we are made up of several different communities which each have their own distinct identity. Cyncoed is different to Llanedeyrn, which is different to Pentwyn and Pontprennau, and we're still waiting to see how those now living in the new housing around St Edeyrn's choose to identify themselves.
Because of this, each of our church communities should also have a different feel to it, reflecting the neighbourhood in which it is situated. How can we ensure that our worship is accessible for our neighbours to connect with? How can we have the concerns of the community on our minds as we pray together? How can we make links with other groups and organisations to work together to strengthen our communities?
We have plenty of questions to wrestle with as we think about our future as a Ministry Area, but these questions are important to help us listen together and discern God's plans for us. Sometimes the practical challenges we are facing can seem overwhelming. But as we continue to focus our vision on God, we pray that in the coming years our faith will be renewed, our love for our neighbours multiplied, and God's Kingdom extended.
Originally published in the July/August issue of the Ministry Area Magazine.


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La notoriété d'une personne, d'un organisme, d'une marque ou d'un produit est sa renommée publique, le fait qu'il soit connu (ou non).

Taux de notoriété
On peut calculer un taux de notoriété en pourcentage de population ayant cité la personne, l'organisme, la marque ou le produit dans une catégorie donnée.

Le taux de notoriété spontanée est le pourcentage des personnes interrogées qui citent spontanément le nom de la marque. Par exemple, à la demande « Nommez-moi un parfum pour homme », 75 % des personnes interrogées ont cité Kenzo, 50 % Hugo Boss, etc. Cas particulier : la première réponse (si la personne en cite plusieurs) constitue le top of mind (littéralement, le "sommet de l'esprit").

Le taux de notoriété assistée ou suggérée est le pourcentage des personnes interrogées qui affirment connaître la marque à la mention de celle-ci. Par exemple, à la question « Connaissez vous la marque Kenzo ? », 95 % des personnes interrogées ont répondu « Oui ».

La notoriété d'une marque varie beaucoup en fonction de l'image de celle-ci et de sa réputation.

Voir aussi
 Effet de notoriété
 Réception critique : notoriété dans le domaine littéraire

Politique de produit


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1 January 1800: Robert Owen takes over the running of the cotton mills at New Lanark from David Dale.
1801: The population of Scotland is 1,608,000.
1801: Thomas Telford reports on the roads in the Highlands. He goes on to build 900 miles of roads and 120 bridges, as well as the Caledonian Canal and various harbours.
1801: The first Gaelic language version of the Bible is published.
1802: William Symington's "Charlotte Dundas" becomes the world's first steam-powered tug when it pulls two 70 ton barges on the Forth and Clyde Canal.
24 August 1802: The birth in Fintry of John Macgregor, who would establish a shipbuilding yard on the River Clyde and do much to pioneer the development of iron ships.
10 October 1802: The birth in Cromarty of the geologist and writer Hugh Miller.
4 January 1803: The launch at Grangemouth of the world's first practical steamboat, the "Charlotte Dundas", designed by William Symington.
19 November 1805: Explorer Mungo Park sets sail downstream into the unknown reaches of the River Niger in a large canoe with what remains of his ill-fated expedition.
13 December 1805: The birth near Braemar of Johann von Lamont, who would become an eminent German astronomer.
21 December 1805: The birth in Glasgow of Thomas Graham, the eminent chemist remembered in the name of "Graham's Law", which relates to the diffusion of gases.
13 July 1807: Henry Benedict Stuart dies in Rome. He is the fourth and final Jacobite to publicly lay claim to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
29 December 1807: Orcadian Isobel Gunn gives birth to a son while posing as a man and working for The Hudson's Bay Company in Canada.
29 February 1808: The birth in Forres of Hugh Falconer, an important botanist, geologist and paleontologist particularly remembered for his work on the flora, fauna and fossils of the Indian sub-continent.
19 August 1808: The birth in Edinburgh of James Nasmyth the inventor and engineer remembered mostly for his development of the steam hammer.
19 December 1808: The birth in Edinburgh of Horatius Bonar, a clergyman and writer who would serve as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1883.
16 January 1809: The death of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore at the Battle of Corunna.
20 April 1809: The birth in Edinburgh of James David Forbes, the physicist best known for his work on the conduction of heat, and on glaciology.
10 May 1810: The Rev Henry Duncan launches the world's first locally-based savings bank in Ruthwell, near Dumfries.
17 May 1810: The suicide in a Paisley canal of Robert Tannahill, the self-taught poet and musician widely known as the Weaver Poet.
9 January 1811: The first women's golf tournament anywhere in the world is held at Musselburgh.
1 April 1811: The birth near Kirkmichael in Ayrshire of James McCosh, the clergyman and prominent philosopher who became president of Princeton University in the USA.
28 May 1811: The death of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, the lawyer and politician who became the last person to be impeached in the United Kingdom.
8 August 1812: Henry Bell runs Europe's first commercial steamboat service, from Glasgow's Broomielaw to Greenock, in the steamboat Comet.
16 September 1812: The birth near Duns of Robert Fortune, a botanist and plant collector best known for breaking the Chinese tea monopoly when he smuggled large numbers of tea plants from China to India.
23 December 1812: The birth in Haddington of the author and political reformer Samuel Smiles.
19 March 1813: The birth in Blantyre of David Livingstone, one of the most famous of the European missionaries and explorers who opened up the interior of Africa during the mid 1800s.
30 September 1813: The birth at the Hall	of Clestrain in Orkney of John Rae, the noted explorer of Canada's Arctic and the discoverer of the North-West Passage.
29 November 1813: A campaign is launched in Dumfries to raise public subscriptions to fund a mausoleum for the poet Robert Burns.
1814: The "year of the burning" on the 1.5 million acre estates of the Countess of Sutherland and her husband, the Marquess of Stafford (later to become the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland), from which 15,000 people were cleared between 1811 and 1821, largely by the estate factor, Patrick Sellar, in the most notorious of the Highland Clearances.
1815: The kelp industry, which provides the main source of income to many coastal communities in the Highlands, collapses as there is greater access to cheaper continental sources of alkalis at the end of the Napoleonic wars.
11 January 1815: Sir John Alexander Macdonald,	the future first Prime Minister of Canada, is born in Glasgow.
22 February 1816: The death in St Andrews of Adam Ferguson, sometimes known as "Ferguson of Raith", the moral philosopher and historian.
25 January 1817: The Scotsman newspaper publishes its first edition in Edinburgh.
15 February 1817: The birth in Glasgow of Robert Angus Smith, the chemist and an early environmentalist who invented the term "acid rain".
9 April 1817: The birth in Balfron in Stirlingshire of Alexander "Greek" Thomson,	who would become an eminent Glasgow architect.
19 September 1817: The remains of Robert Burns are moved to the Robert Burns Mausoleum in Dumfries.
4 February 1818: The Honours of Scotland, the nation's Crown Jewels, are put on display in Edinburgh Castle after their discovery there by Sir Walter Scott.
24 May 1819: The birth in London of Princess Victoria of Kent, later to become Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Empress of India.
26 May 1819: The Honours of Scotland, the crown jewels, are put on display in Edinburgh Castle after being disinterred by Sir Walter Scott from the bowels of the castle where they had been placed in 1707.
15 July 1817: The birth in Sheffield of Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, the railway engineer best known as one of the designers of the Forth Rail Bridge.
20 July 1819: The death in in Burntisland of the mathematician and geologist Professor John Playfair, FRSE.
25 August 1819: The death of James Watt, the engineer and inventor whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental in bringing about the industrial revolution.
25 August 1819: The birth in Glasgow of Allan Pinkerton, who would go on to found the Pinkerton Detective Agency in the United States.
29 January 1820: King George III dies: he is succeeded by King George IV.
12 March 1820: The death of Sir Alexander Mackenzie (Alasdair MacCoinnich), the explorer of western Canada.
2 April 1820: The Radical Rising or Radical War gets under way in west central Scotland. Its ringleaders are later executed.
5 April 1820: The "Battle of Bonnymuir", a skirmish between Radical weavers and Government troops near Bonnybridge, sees the end of the Radical War or Scottish Insurrection.
26 July 1820: The Union Chain Bridge across the River Tweed, designed by Captain Samuel Brown and at the time the longest iron suspension bridge in the world, opens to traffic.
4 October 1821: The death of John Rennie, one of the greatest engineers of his age who designed many bridges, canals, and docks.
28 January 1822: The birth near Perth of Alexander Mackenzie, who would become the second Prime minister of Canada.
25 February 1822: The birth near Carlisle of Sir Thomas Bouch, the eminent railway engineer best known as the designer of the ill-fated Tay Rail Bridge, which collapsed with the loss of 75 lives on 28 December 1879.
26 July 1822: The birth in Stonehaven of Robert William Thomson, best remembered for his invention of the pneumatic tyre.
15 August 1822: King George IV comes ashore at Leith at the start of his visit to Scotland, the first visit to the country by a reigning monarch since 1650.
9-15 August 1822: King George IV visits Edinburgh, the first visit to Scotland by a reigning monarch since Charles II.
23 October 1822: The Caledonian Canal linking Inverness to Fort William opens to traffic.
16 May 1823: The death in France of Grace Elliott, the renowned Scottish society beauty and courtesan who witnessed at first hand the French Revolution.
8 July 1823 : The death in Edinburgh of noted portrait painter Sir Henry Raeburn.
30 March 1824: HMS Unicorn is launched from the No.4 slipway in the Chatham Royal Dockyards. Today she can be visited in Dundee.
19 April 1824: The death in Greece of the leading poet of the Romantic movement and Greek liberation fighter George Byron, 6th Baron Byron.
15 November 1824: The start of the Great Fire of Edinburgh, which continues to burn for five days with the loss of thirteen lives.
10 December 1824: The birth in Huntly of George MacDonald, the church minister who became an early author of fantasy fiction.
1826: Steam trains are first used to pull coal wagons in Scottish collieries.
10 January 1826: Explorer Alexander Gordon Laing sets off from Salah to complete his journey across the Sahara Desert to Timbuktu.
26 September 1826: The murder near Timbuktu of Alexander Gordon Laing, the first European to reach the city from the north.
11 April 1827: The birth in Nairn of James Augustus Grant, later to become an army officer who helped explore eastern equatorial Africa.
15 March 1828: The birth in the Gorbals area of Glasgow of the philanthropist and supporter of women's education Isabella Elder.
28 January 1829: William Burke is executed for the murder of the 17 victims of the West Port Murders in Edinburgh. His partner in crime, Willam Hare, is released.
31 December 1830: The birth in Kilmarnock of Alexander Smith, a Scottish poet who is best remembered for some of the prose he wrote.
2 April 1831: The birth in Edinburgh of David MacGibbon, the architect and a partner in the practice of MacGibbon and Ross, best known today for their comprehensive multi-volume books about Scotland's castles and churches.
14 January 1831: The death in Edinburgh of Henry Mackenzie, a novelist and a leading member of the city's literary scene in the decades either side of 1800.
27 September 1831: The first passenger railway in Scotland, between Glasgow and Garnkirk in Lanarkshire, begins operations.
1832: The Reform Act broadens the base of voters.
1 July 1832: Formation of the trading company Jardine Matheson by Scots Sir James Matheson and Sir William Jardine.
16 July 1832: A storm catches the Shetland fishing fleet at sea and sinks 31 boats or "sixerns" with the loss of 105 lives.
21 September 1832: The death at at Abbotsford of literary superstar, Sir Walter Scott.
3 November 1832: The death near Largo in Fife of Sir John Leslie, the physicist and mathematician best remembered for his research into the properties of heat.
1833: The Factories Act regulates the hours of young workers and bans work by children under 9.
30 May 1833: The death of Sir John Malcolm, a soldier and diplomat during the expansion of the British Empire.
16 March 1834: The birth in Edinburgh of James Hector,the geologist who went on to pursue an eminent scientific career in New Zealand.
12 July 1834: The death in Hawaii of David	Douglas, the botanist who gave his name to the Douglas Fir.
2 September 1834: The death in London of the civil engineer, road, bridge and canal builder Thomas Telford. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
7 December 1834: The death of Edward Irving, the famous preacher born in Annan.
21 November 1835: The death near Ettrick of James Hogg, a poet and novelist who wrote in both Scots and English and who became one of the most unlikely literary figures ever to emerge from Scotland.
25 November 1835: The birth in Dunfermline of Andrew Carnegie, who founded what became the Carnegie Steel Company in the United States. He is principally remembered for funding large numbers of libraries and educational establishments in the US, Scotland and elsewhere.
7 September 1836: The birth in Glasgow of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, a Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
17 September 1836: The first service is held in Ardchattan Kirk, on the north shore of Loch Etive in Argyll.
26 November 1836: John Loudon McAdam, inventor of a new way of building roads, dies in Moffat.
2 December 1837: The birth in Edinburgh of Joseph Bell, the lecturer in medicine whose deductive approach to diagnosis inspired Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes.
21 April 1838: The noted US naturalist, explorer, writer, and geologist John Muir is born in Dunbar.
22 April 1838: The 703 ton paddle steamer SS Sirius, built in Leith, becomes the first ship to cross the Atlantic entirely powered by steam.
21 January 1840: The birth of the pioneering woman doctor and champion of medical education for women, Sophia Jex-Blake.
5 February 1840: John Boyd Dunlop is born in Ayrshire. He is chiefly remembered for founding the company that bears his name, Dunlop Tyres.
10 February 1840: Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace.
10 April 1840: The death in Edinburgh of Alexander Nasmyth, the landscape and portrait painter often called the "father of Scottish landscape painting".
15 August 1840: The foundation stone is laid of the Scott Monument in Edinburgh, commemorating Sir Walter Scott.
1841: The population of Scotland is 2,620,000.
11 January 1841: Scottish inventor Alexander Bain is awarded a patent for the electric clock.
13 November 1841: James Braid, the father of hypnotism, attends a demonstration of "mesmerism" that begins his interest in the subject.
15 February 1842: The death in London of Archibald Menzies, a surgeon and naturalist who made the first recorded ascent of Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
21 February 1842: The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway begins passenger services.
20 September 1842: The birth in Kincardine of Sir James Dewar, an eminent chemist and physicist with particular interests in low temperature chemistry, the liquefaction of gases and spectroscopy.
27 February 1843: The death of William Jardine, the ship's surgeon who went on to become one of the founders of the Hong Kong based Jardine Matheson trading company.
18 May 1843: In what becomes known as "The Disruption", 121 ministers and 73 elders walk out of the Church of Scotland General Assembly to form the Free Church of Scotland.
25 July 1843: The death near Glasgow of Charles Macintosh, the inventor of the waterproof fabric made into garments named after him.
31 March 1844: The birth in Selkirk of Andrew Lang, the prolific Scottish historian, translator, journalist, poet, writer, teacher, biographer and anthropologist.
14 November 1844: The death in Edinburgh of John Abercrombie, one of the leading doctors of his day and author of a number of works of philosophy.
23 November 1844: The death in Edinburgh of Thomas James Henderson, who became the first Astronomer Royal for Scotland.
26 October 1845: The death of collector and writer of songs and poems, Carolina Oliphant, Baroness Nairne.
1846: The Corn Law is repealed in the face of the failure of the potato crop and the widespread fear of starvation.
1846: Thomas Cook organises the first tourist trips to Scotland.
12 February 1846: The death in Ruthwell of Henry Duncan, the founder of the world's first savings bank.
10 May 1846: The birth in Glasgow of Sir Thomas Lipton, who succeeded in establishing a chain of grocery stores across Great Britain; who gave his name to Lipton teas; and who repeatedly (and unsuccessfully) challenged for yachting's America's Cup.
23 May 1846: The death in Manchester of Ensign Charles Ewart, remembered for capturing the regimental eagle of the French 45th Regiment of the Line at the Battle of Waterloo.
3 March 1847: The birth in Edinburgh of Alexander Graham Bell, who will go on to develop and patent the telephone.
5 July 1847: The last mail coach, now redundant because of the advance of the railways, runs between London and Edinburgh.
3 August 1847: The birth in Edinburgh of John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen and (from 1916) 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair. He was a politician who served as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland and Governor General of Canada.
12 September 1847: The birth at Mount Stuart on the Isle of Bute of John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, remembered as a scholar, historian, archaeologist, romantic, mystic, and one of the greatest patrons of the arts in the Victorian era.
15 November 1847: Sir James Young Simpson gives the first public demonstration of his new anaesthetic and a few days later publishes his highly influential Account of a New Anaesthetic Agent.
27 November 1847: Presbyterian church minister Thomas Burns sets sail from Greenock with his wife, six children and 232 other settlers bound for Dunedin in New Zealand.
1848: Queen Victoria leases the Balmoral estate on Deeside. She buys it in 1853 for £31,500.
2 December 1848: The birth in Aberdeen of Mary Slessor, the Scottish missionary to Nigeria who had considerable success in promoting both Christianity and women's rights.
9 May 1849: The birth in St Andrews of scholar and historian David Hay Fleming.
27 May 1849: The birth in Glasgow of Kate Cranston, who did much to promote the popularity of tea rooms, and was an important patron of Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
5 October 1849: The Ardnamurchan Lighthouse is illuminated for the first time.


IPP REVIEW--US Cuts Security Aid to Pakistan: What Does It Mean?
Home → → US Cuts Security Aid to Pakistan: What Does It Mean?
US-Pakistan bilateral ties hit a new low in 2018 after US President Donald Trump's tweet on New Year's Eve that made Pakistan the center of attention for all the wrong reasons. This might not have been a huge surprise for Pakistan, considering the early warnings given by the US during the release of its South Asia Policy and National Security Strategy in August and December 2017 respectively, both being grim reminders of eroding US confidence in Pakistan. The United States toughened its stand on Pakistan due to its growing mistrust of Islamabad's intent to eradicate terror outfits like the Afghan Taliban and Haqqani network.
The reality is that the US decision to cut its security aid to Pakistan brings nothing new into US-Pakistan bilateral dynamics. The US had already done that previously when it cut the Coalition Support Funds (CSF) amounting to USD 900 million for the financial years 2015 and 2016, as these funds are to be released only after certification that Pakistan is taking the necessary steps against the Haqqani network. Now, both the CSF and the USD 255 million in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) have been suspended. What has changed now is the approach of the US administration to Pakistan, publicly accusing Islamabad of supporting the terror outfits that are waging a deadly insurgency in Afghan territory and ruining US efforts in Afghanistan. Clearly, the US is not winning the war in Afghanistan and is seeking answers for its own failures in the landlocked country. Pakistan being the most important ally for the US in Afghanistan, at least since 2002, has not lived up to US expectations, which has irked the Trump administration which is up for quick results and is known for hasty decision-making. The immediate casualty of this are cuts in security aid of up to USD 2 billion (exact figures still unknown), and the Trump administration is up for some concrete results on the Afghan front.
While many analysts argue that President Trump's decision is a hasty one with little logic, the decision to impose security aid cuts should be considered as a measured move for three reasons.
First, the US has cut only security aid which is a small part of the total aid that it gives to Pakistan. It did not cut its development assistance to Pakistan. Understandably, the US does not want to completely alienate Pakistan from its strategic radar by cutting down all financial flows. Second, Pakistan's fast-growing nuclear capability and arsenal are of concern to the US, considering that their security has always been a problem. Hence, the US is wary of creating any instability in Pakistan — either economic or political. Third, with no US strategy in place for land and air routes to Afghanistan, other than through Pakistani territory, the US would prefer not to escalate the crisis to the next level. If Pakistan blocks the movement of supplies for troops through Pakistani territory, it would adversely affect US interests in Afghanistan, much more than it could afford at this point in time. Hence, President Trump's sudden tweet could be considered as a pressure tactic that could get its "major non-NATO ally" on its feet.
Pakistan has two options to explore: either choose to maintain its relationship of convenience with the US by cracking down on any of the terrorist outfits, or turn to its "all-weather friend" China.
Pakistan, on its part, has categorically rejected all the allegations made by President Trump. Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi even went on to say that US aid is insignificant for Pakistan as for the past five years they have been getting only USD 10 million annually and are unaware of the higher figures quoted all over the media. However, there was no mention of anything remotely related to blocking the US from using its air or land routes. Even though they are involved in a war of words, both sides have been careful not to escalate it to a level from which there is no comeback.
How to manipulate aid for strategic gains is something that aid donors understand very well and have been doing for a long time. However, the donor-recipient relationship here is much more complex than one can assume. Aid recipients like Pakistan hold certain bargaining chips that ensure continuous flows of aid to their countries. Even when the US is trying to force Pakistan to mend its ways, Pakistan understands that the US security aid cut is temporary, and that the US cannot do without Pakistan in the Afghan war. Hence, expecting any concrete results out of the security aid sanctions will be unwise. The US' whole Afghan policy will hollow out without engaging Pakistan. As long as maintaining strategic ties with Pakistan remains essential for the US, Islamabad has greater leverage over the US.
Pakistan has two options to explore: either choose to maintain its relationship of convenience with the US by cracking down on any of the terrorist outfits, or turn to its "all-weather friend" China. Even though China has publicly supported Pakistan and its efforts in eradicating terror outfits, whether China will fill the gap left by the US is uncertain.
Without a doubt, China has interests in Afghanistan and would be ready to support Pakistan if need be. However, whether Beijing will shoulder the huge economic and security costs involved without expecting any returns from Pakistan is something the latter might not be sure of. Notwithstanding its economic, military, and strategic ties with Pakistan, China has been doing strict business with Pakistan, and has itself been concerned about the security scenario in Pakistan as its USD 50 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has come under terror threats with many projects stalled. Yet, if Pakistan convinces China, US interests would be severely hampered as China is slowly tightening its grip on South Asia.
The increasing trust-deficit between the US and Pakistan has narrowed down the scope for cooperation. From where they are positioned now, striking a middle ground will not be easy. However, it will not take long for both the US and Pakistan to realize that there is more to gain than lose by cooperating with each other.
Chithra Purushothaman is a researcher with the Non-Traditional Security Centre at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India.


Big Sean is making moves. Along with dropping singles for his new album, he's also reportedly decided to leave adidas to join the throng of influential musicians signed to PUMA. As we outlined in our recap of PUMA's 2016, the Big Cat's current strategy is to make alliances with key figures in popular culture. As those figures include Young Thug, Swae Lee and Jimmy of Rae Sremmurd, The Weeknd and Rihanna – this move would leave Sean Don in good company.
While PUMA are more popular than ever, Sean stands to test ties with Kanye. West discovered Big Sean in Detroit, and was vocal about PUMA 'breaking up the family' by signing Kylie Jenner. And, given Sean is also a member of the G.O.O.D. Music family, he's likely to feel a way about this deal too.


Six schools in Hackney will be left dirty and with rubbish piling up as cleaners gear up for five days of strike action in a dispute over the 'outrageous' failure to pay proper holiday rates.
More than 40 school cleaners, members of Unite, the country's largest union, will strike for four days from 00.01 on Tuesday 30 January until 23.59 on Friday 2 February. There will be a further 24-hour strike from 00.01 on Monday 5 February.
The cleaners voted by 100 per cent on a 60 per cent turn out for strike action, following the refusal of their employer OCS Group Ltd to pay the London Living Wage; proposals to cut pay with new term time only contracts; and refusing to pay holiday pay in line with its legal obligations, which state that holiday pay should reflect normal remuneration.
The cleaners are also angry over OCS' failure to discuss the five per cent pay claim for April 2018.
Unite regional officer Onay Kasab said: "What we have here is outrageous salami-slicing by OCS of pay and employment conditions of an already lowly-paid group of workers.
"Now our members have voted overwhelmingly to stand up to OCS, which is a very poor example of the privatised contracting out culture. It has cut pay for the cleaners and refuses to uprate the London Living Wage (LLW) to the current rate of £10.20 an hour.
"OCS continues to blatantly ignore the requirement of Hackney council that its contractors pay the LLW. It has also refused to pay proper holiday pay, despite the recent holiday pay/overtime court ruling on this subject.
The Hackney schools that will be affected, if the strike goes ahead are: Cardinal Pole School, Clapton Girls Academy, Hackney Free School, Haggerston School, Ickburgh School and Stoke Newington School.


"I am setting out," he says, speaking of his own death, "I am setting out on a journey hard and dangerous. Thee, O Son of God, I have taken for my Viaticum. When I am hungry, I will feed on Thee. The infernal fire will not venture near me, for it cannot bear the fragrance of Thy Body and Thy Blood." His hymns won the hearts of the people, drove out the hymns of the Gnostic heretics, and gained for him the title which he bears in the Syriac Liturgy to this day—"the Harp of the Holy Ghost." Passionate as he was by nature, from the time he entered religion no one ever saw him angry.


AFTER a two month break in the calendar the Engen Volkswagen Cup championship heads to Port Elizabeth for competition at Aldo Scribante Raceway. The field of racers will contest round three of the 2015 championship on Saturday, June 13, with two races scheduled for the day.
With just two rounds completedd the season is already showing some interesting developments. Amongst the top five competitors so far the list includes four teammates – from two teams, two Masters, one of the women racers in the field and two competitors sharing fifth place.
Topping the list is Sheldon van der Linde (1 – Champion) who has four wins out of the five completed races so far. This gives Van der Linde an 11 point lead heading into round three. His biggest rival at this point in the season is Mathew Hodges M1 (Makopano / Phoenix Signs / 959 Panelbeaters).
Hodges holds second place in the championship – and is the leading competitor in the Masters category (for racers older than 27). He is also the only racer other than Van der Linde to have won a race so far this season and also the only racer other than Van der Linde to claim bonus points for pole position qualifying.
In third place Tasmin Pepper (31 - PG Glass) is 16 points (or a sixth place finish) behind Hodges. With two appearances on the podium so far this season, a good qualifying position – and some luck in the top six draw – could see her closing that gap and further cementing her standing in the top five. A good result will also allow her to escape the clutches of Trevor Bland (M2 PG Glass / Alpine Motors) who trails by just a single point.
Bland has been progressing from the first race this year, with his first podium finish at race two during the Killarney race meeting. This has set him up for another strong showing at Scribante if he continues the trend for this season. Bland is the second of the two Masters in the top five list.
Rounding out the leading racers in the Engen Volkswagen Cup is local racing driver Daniel Rowe (2 – Ferodo). Rowe is a Port Elizabeth racer and will be aiming to make his track knowledge work in his favour to produce the best results possible. He will have to keep his eye on the rearview mirror though as he shares fifth overall with Matthew Shorter (11 – Champion).
Shorter finished second in race one at Killarney while Rowe claimed second place in race two. The pair seem very evenly matched, setting the stage for some exciting competition between them as they work to break the deadlock.
In typical Engen Volkswagen Cup fashion, the Scribante round of the 2015 season should prove an action-packed part of the season with lots of door-to-door action on the short, narrow track that will demand absolute commitment from the competitors.
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Round two of the Engen Volkswagen Cup championship saw the field of Volkswagen Polo TSI drivers take to the Killarney Raceway circuit in Cape Town on Saturday. Two races meant two chances to earn those valuable points and create the cushion that is going to be so important later this year.
In qualifying it quickly became evident that each racer had the same idea. The result was that 12 cars had blasted across the finish line before the stopwatch could record a full second had elapsed. The top six racers – led by Keagan Masters (18 – Champion) were split by just 0.355 of a second before they were entered into the grid position draw.
Shaun La Reservee (M3 – Alpine Motors / Compendium Insurance) proved the most successful in the draw for race one, achieving a pole position start while Trevor Bland (M2 – Universal Health Care/Phoenix) ensured it was an all-Masters pole-starting weekend by drawing the top position for the second race.
La Reservee produced a perfect race performance in the opening round for the day, starting at the head of the field and crossing the line to claim the chequered flag. For those 10 laps La Reservee was taking no chances, risking nothing that would allow his opponents an inch of advantage.
Masters made the move from fifth to finish in second place while Chris Shorter (33 – Payen/Hollard/Turn1) moved up a position from fourth on the starting grid to finish on the podium, taking third place.
With Bland the pole starter for race two, La Reservee lined up in second with Jurie Swart (39 – Ferodo), Masters, Matt Shorter and Brad Liebenberg (12 – Ferodo) rounding out the top six.
Right off the line La Reservee went into action in an effort to repeat his race one performance and it looked like this would indeed be a double-victory for the determined driver. Unfortunately with an intermittent fault on his race car, La Reservee just couldn't keep up the pace required to stay at the head of pack.
This allowed Bland to pounce, crossing the line for first place and ensuring the Masters victory for the day and third overall for the day in Engen Volkswagen Cup. With La Reservee steadily dropping down the field to eventually finish 12th, Matthew Shorter took second spot ahead of Masters in that second and final race for the day.
With a second and third place finish for the day, Masters finished in first overall with Chris Shorter in second place (third in race one and fourth in race two).
Kuda Vazhure (19 – Volkswagen Motorsport) continued with his Engen Volkswagen Cup adventure at the second round. Vazhure qualified in 15th, but crossed the finish line after race one in eighth place, having moved up six positions by the end of the ten laps. In race two he finished 11th to end the day eighth overall and fifth in the junior category.
After the first two rounds of the season, Keagan Masters has emerged a strong leader in the Engen Volkswagen Cup championship this year. It will be tough to catch him if this trend continues into the coming rounds. The Masters racers are also making an early name for themselves this year with both Trevor Bland and Juan Gerber in the top five after the two opening rounds of the year.
The next stop for the Engen Volkswagen Cup championship will take them to Aldo Scribante Raceway in Port Elizabeth on Saturday, June 4. This will be round three of the 2016 national championship for the Volkswagen Polo TSI drivers.
Dramatic day of racing at Zwartkops for Engen Volkswagen Cup.
Engen Volkswagen Cup racers head for the coast in round six .


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INFORMATION ABOUT INDONESIA'S REFUSAL TO BUY UKRAINIAN BTR-4 IS ANOTHER TOOL OF INFORMATION WARFARE
Information in the media about the possibility of Indonesian Marine Corps refusal to buy Ukrainian BTR-4M is the demonstration of competitive struggle for markets after the successful delivery of the first batch of Ukrainian BTR-4M in Indonesia. UKROBORONPROM enterprises will continue to fulfill all the commitments to foreign partners.
In January 2017, 5 units of armored personnel carriers BTR-4 M were successfully delivered to the Marine Corps Indonesia according to the contract signed in early 2014 between SFTE "SpetsTehnoEksport" and the Ministry of Defense of Indonesia. Testing of the military equipment in Ukraine and Indonesia by a special commission of the Customer took place prior to military equipment transfer.
Thus, in January 2017 Indonesia Ministry of Defense tested Ukrainian armored vehicles on their territory prior to accepting those into service. The Customer tested amphibious capabilities of the vehicles in the sea, conducted fire tests, checked their driving performance. According to test results the Protocol was signed. Ukrainian armored vehicles showed excellent results in accordance with all 47 evaluation parameters of this Protocol. Special commission of the Indonesian Defense Ministry had no complaints concerning the vehicles.
Similar tests were conducted in Ukraine before sending military equipment to Indonesia. On 06.15.2016 – according to the results of BTR-4M tests – representatives of the Ministry of Defense of Indonesia confirmed with the official document that the Ukrainian vehicles meet all the requirements of the international contract, and that there are no comments/complaints about the armored vehicles.
Last week media distributed false information about UOP's alleged loss of the Thailand market. The State Concern "UkrOboronProm" once again emphasizes the need to verify the information, distribution of which can result in losing Ukraine's image on the international arena.
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Panaetius (/pəˈniːʃiəs/; Greek: Παναίτιος, Panaitios; c. 185 – c. 110/109 BC) of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129 BC, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last undisputed scholarch. With Panaetius, Stoicism became much more eclectic. His most famous work was his On Duties, the principal source used by Cicero in his own work of the same name.
Panaetius, son of Nicagoras, was born around 185-180 BC, into an old and eminent Rhodian family. He is said to have been a pupil of the linguist Crates of Mallus, who taught in Pergamum, and moved to Athens where he attended the lectures of Critolaus and Carneades, but attached himself principally to the Stoic Diogenes of Babylon and his disciple Antipater of Tarsus. Around 149 BC, he was chosen by the people of Lindos on Rhodes to be the priest of Poseidon Hippios.
Probably through Gaius Laelius, who had attended the lectures of Diogenes and then of Panaetius, he was introduced to the Aemilian Scipio Africanus and, like Polybius before him, gained his friendship. Both Panaetius and Polybius accompanied him on the Roman embassy that Scipio headed to the principal monarchs and polities of the Hellenistic east in 139-138 BC. Along with Polybius, he became a member of the Scipionic Circle.
He returned with Scipio to Rome, where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines and Greek philosophy. He had a number of distinguished Romans as pupils, amongst them Q. Scaevola the augur and Q. Aelius Tubero the Stoic. After the death of Scipio in spring 129 BC, he resided by turns in Athens and Rome, but chiefly in Athens, where he succeeded Antipater of Tarsus as head of the Stoic school. The right of citizenship was offered him by the Athenians, but he refused it. His chief pupil in philosophy was Posidonius. He died in Athens sometime in 110/09 BC, the approximate year in which L. Crassus the orator found there no longer Panaetius himself, but his disciple Mnesarchus.
With Panaetius began the new eclectic shaping of Stoic theory; so that even among the Neoplatonists he passed for a Platonist. For this reason also he assigned the first place in philosophy to Physics, not to Logic, and appears not to have undertaken any original treatment of the latter. In Physics he gave up the Stoic doctrine of the conflagration of the universe; tried to simplify the division of the faculties of the soul; and doubted the reality of divination. In Ethics he recognised only a two-fold division of virtue, the theoretical and the practical, answering to the dianoietic and the ethical of Aristotle. He attempted to bring the ultimate goal of life closer to natural impulses, and to show by similes the inseparability of the virtues. He argued that the recognition of the moral, as something to be striven after for its own sake, was a fundamental idea in the speeches of Demosthenes. He rejected the doctrine of apatheia, and instead affirmed that certain pleasurable sensations could be regarded as in accordance with nature. He also insisted that moral definitions should be laid down in such a way that they might be applied by the person who had not yet attained to wisdom.
The principal work of Panaetius was, without doubt, his treatise On Duties (Greek: περὶ τοῦ καθήκοντος) composed in three books. In this he proposed to investigate, first, what was moral or immoral; then, what was useful or not useful; and lastly, how the apparent conflict between the moral and the useful was to be decided; for, as a Stoic, he could only regard this conflict as apparent not real. The third investigation he had expressly promised at the end of the third book, but had not carried out; and his disciple Posidonius seems to have only timidly and imperfectly supplied what was needed. Cicero wrote his own work On Duties in deliberate imitation of Panaetius, and stated that in the third section of the subject that he did not follow Posidonius, but instead that he had completed independently and without assistance what Panaetius had left untouched. To judge from the insignificant character of the deviations, to which Cicero himself calls attention, as for example, the attempt to define moral obligation, the completion of the imperfect division into three parts, the rejection of unnecessary discussions, small supplementary additions, in the first two books Cicero has borrowed the scientific contents of his work from Panaetius, without any essential alterations. Cicero seems to have been induced to follow Panaetius, passing by earlier attempts of the Stoics to investigate the philosophy of morals, not merely by the superiority of his work in other respects, but especially by the effort that prevailed throughout it, laying aside abstract investigations and paradoxical definitions, to demonstrate the philosophy of morals in its application to life. Generally speaking, Panaetius, following Aristotle, Xenocrates, Theophrastus, Dicaearchus, and especially Plato, had softened down the severity of the earlier Stoics, and, without giving up their fundamental definitions, had modified them so as to be capable of being applied to the conduct of life, and clothed them in the garb of eloquence.
That Cicero has not reproduced the entire contents of the three books of Panaetius, we see from a fragment, which is not found in Cicero, preserved by Aulus Gellius, and which acquaints us with Panaetius's treatment of his subject in its rhetorical aspects.
Panaetius also wrote treatises concerning On Cheerfulness; on the Magistrates; On Providence; On Divination; a political treatise used by Cicero in his De Republica; and a letter to Quintus Aelius Tubero. His work On Philosophical Schools appears to have been rich in facts and critical remarks, and the notices which we have about Socrates, and on the books of Plato and others of the Socratic school, given on the authority of Panaetius, were probably taken from that work.
^ Dorandi 1999, pp. 41–42.
^ a b Dorandi 1999, pp. 41-42.
^ Proclus, in Plat. Tim.
^ Cicero, De Natura Deorum, ii. 46, comp. 142; Stobaeus, Ecl. Phys. i.
^ Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, ii.
^ Stobaeus, Ecl. Eth. ii.
^ Cicero, de Finibus, iv. 28, Tusculanae Quaestiones, i. 32, de Legibus, iii. 6; comp. Plutarch, de Stoic. Repugnant.
^ Peri Euthumias: Laërtius 1925c, § 20, which Plutarch probably had before him in the his composition of the same name.
^ Laërtius 1925, § 87.
Dorandi, Tiziano (1999). "Chapter 2: Chronology". In Algra, Keimpe; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 41-42. ISBN 9780521250283.
Laërtius, Diogenes (1925). "Socrates, with predecessors and followers: Aristippus" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. 1:2. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.
Laërtius, Diogenes (1925b). "The Stoics: Zeno" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. 2:7. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.
Laërtius, Diogenes (1925c). "Others: Xenophanes" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. 2:9. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.
Gill, Christopher. 1994. "Peace of Mind and Being Yourself: Panaetius to Plutarch." In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. Vol. II.36.7. Edited by Wolfgang Haase and Hildegard Temporini, 4599–4640. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Dyck, Andrew R. 1979. "The Plan of Panaetius' Περι τοῦ καθήκοντος." American Journal of Philology C: 408-416.
Morford, Mark P. O. 1999. "The Dual Citizenship of the Roman Stoics." In Veritatis Amicitiaeque Causa: Essays in Honor of Anna Lydia Motto and John R. Clark. Edited by Anna Lydia Motto, 147-164. Wauconda (Ill.) : Bolchazy-Carducci.
Roskam, Geert. 2005. "The Doctrine of Moral Progress in Later Stoic Thinking." On the Path to Virtue: The Stoic Doctrine of Moral Progress and its Reception in (Middle-) Platonism. Ancient and Medieval Philosophy 33. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Press.
Sandbach, Francis Henry. 1975. The Stoics. Ancient Culture and Society. London: Chatto & Windus.
Schofield, Malcolm. 2012. "The Fourth Virtue." Cicero's Practical Philosophy. Edited by Water Nicgorski, 43-57. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Stone, A. M. 2008. "Greek Ethics and Roman Statesmen: De Officiis and the Philippics." In Cicero's Philippics: History, rhetoric and ideology. Edited by Tom Stevenson and Marcus Wilson, 214–239. Prudentia 37–38. Auckland, New Zealand: Polygraphia.
Straaten, M. van. 1976. "Notes on Panaetius' Theory of the Constitution of Man." In Images of Man in Ancient and Medieval Thought: Studia Gerardo Verbeke ab amicis et collegis dicata. Edited by Gérard Verbeke & Fernand Bossier. Leuven: Leuven University Press.
Tieleman, Teun L. 2007. "Panaetius' Place in the History of Stoicism, with Special Reference to his Moral Psychology. Paper Presented at the Tenth Symposium Hellenisticum, held in Rome in 2007." In Pyrrhonists, Patricians, Platonizers: Hellenistic Philosophy in the Period 155–86 BC; Tenth Symposium Hellenisticum. Edited by Anna Maria Ioppolo and David N. Sedley, 104–142. Elenchos 47. Naples: Bibliopolis.
Walbank, Frank William. 1965. "Political Morality and the Friends of Scipio." Journal of Roman Studies 55.1–2: 1–16.


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Q: Why is console.log() logging undefined when my function seems to be returning the right answer? I am trying to make a basic score tracker using JavaScript:
function Player(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.scores = [];
}

function addPlayer(name) {
    playersList.push(new Player(name));
    return playersList;
}

function addScore(name, score) {
    playersList.forEach(player => {
        if (player.name == name) {
            player.scores.push(score);
        };
    });
}

function getTotal(name) {
    playersList.forEach(player => {
        if (player.name == name) {
            let sum = 0;
            player.scores.forEach(score => sum += score);
            console.log(sum);
        }
    });
}

var playersList = [];
addPlayer("Player1");
addScore("Player1", 3);
addScore("Player1", 4);
console.log(getTotal("Player1"));

The output I am expecting is:
7
7

but instead I get:
7
undefined

Could anyone help me as to why my console.log() does not log the number returned from the function?

A: Try this one
function getTotal(name) {
  let sum = 0;
  playersList.forEach(player => {
    if (player.name == name) {
        player.scores.forEach(score => sum += score);
        console.log(sum);
    }
  });
  return sum
}


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Announcement on VISIT PHILADELPHIA social media platforms:
Independence Seaport Museum Announces New President & CEO Peter Seibert
Pre-register for the vaccine with Philly Fighting COVID, opening a clinic in Center City
When you sign up, you'll get an alert as soon as your "phase" is eligible for inoculation.
By Danya Henninger, Jan. 08, 2021, 7:25 a.m.
Hall F of the Pennsylvania Convention Center is making a name for itself as the most important room in Philadelphia.
Fairmount Park's Chamounix Mansion youth hostel wins tax case against city
by Sean Collins Walsh, Posted: January 6, 2021
A Philadelphia judge has ruled that the city's attempt to collect $378,000 in delinquent hotel taxes from the Chamounix Mansion youth hostel is invalid, siding with the historic building's nonprofit operator and two former mayors who testified that guests at the unique Fairmount Park institution should not be subject to the tax.
Energy Week 2020: Upheaval and Resilience
Energy Week at Duke is usually organized by seven student energy clubs across campus, with support from the Duke University Energy Initiative and the Center for Energy, Development, and the Global Environment (EDGE) at the Fuqua School of Business.