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Posted on March 18, 2021 19th Century, 20th Century, America, Death, Disease, Drugs, Edwardian, France, Medical History, Vice, Victorian
A Cure for (Anything) that Ails You: Cocaine in Victorian Medicine
Although the medicinal properties of the coca plant had been well known to the indigenous people of South America for thousands of years, cocaine as we know it was first isolated from the coca plant by German chemists in the 1850s. Having observed its status among indigenous people, scientists wanted to explore its uses in medicine. Among other things, the Incans had used it as a painkiller in early brain surgery. It had to be good, right?
No one was prepared for how good.
Not only did cocaine turn out to be an effective anesthetic, but it reduced bleeding by constricting blood vessels. Doctors loved it, dentists used it for toothaches and routine surgery, and Dr. Karl Koller, a friend of Sigmund Freud, confirmed its ophthalmic use when he applied it to his own eye and repeatedly stabbed it with pins. Freud himself was a champion of the drug, using it to fight his own indigestion and depression for years. He wrote a formal report praising the drug, "Uber Cocaine," a seventy-page opus we can only assume he completed in one sitting.
While medical professionals were experimenting with it, it hit the market in Vin Mariani, a wine fortified with coca leaves developed by French chemist Angelo Mariani in 1863. "French coca wine," as it was soon called, proved to particularly potent. The alcohol in the wine accomplished what the chemists were attempting in Germany and pulled the cocaine from the coca, so each bottle contained about a teaspoon of cocaine. It doesn't sound like much, but it only takes about 20mg to produce a high. Each bottle contained approximately 160mg. Pope Leo XIII was so impressed that he gave Mariani a gold medal and kept a hipflask filled with it for easy access.
A Miracle Cure
When cocaine was released to the public as a pharmaceutical, the conditions couldn't have been better. After the Civil War (1861-65) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), morphine addiction was common among veterans with chronic pain on both sides of the Atlantic. Like laudanum, another common opiate, morphine was available for purchase without prescription. Cocaine was likewise available over the counter, and doctors encouraged its use to fight morphine addiction and alcoholism.
And why wouldn't they? It was thought to be harmless. In 1877, a doctor in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (now the New England Journal of Medicine) reported: "Coca…diminishes weariness, strengthens the pulse, calms nervous excitement, and increases mental activity. (…) Careful observations lead me to believe that, so far from being injurious, the moderate consumption of coca is not only wholesome, but frequently beneficial."
Thomas Edison and Jules Verne championed it. In fiction, Sherlock Holmes used it to stave off "the dull routine of existence." US Surgeon General Dr. William Hammond said it was harmless and particularly useful for athletes and "brain-workers," reassuring the public that it was not addictive in the slightest.
Cocaine was touted as a miracle substance, added to every remedy for every purpose. It was sold as a powder—it was claimed it eliminated dandruff when applied to the scalp or treated allergies when inhaled through the nose. The Hay Fever Association named cocaine an official remedy. Beauty columns reported that it cured cold sores when applied to the skin. It was sold in candies or syrups to fight fatigue, toothaches, or sore throat. It came in bottles, tablets, wine, powder, cigarettes, salve, and even with syringes for easy injection. Cocaine is even thought to be one of the secret ingredients of Dr. Keeley's legendary "Gold Cure," a concoction administered at his addiction treatment centers throughout the end of the nineteenth century.
In Georgia, Dr. John Pemberton unwittingly turned cocaine into an enduring global phenomenon of another kind in 1886. A biochemist and Confederate Army veteran, he spent the decades following the war experimenting with painkillers and other compounds for commercial consumption. Pemberton had survived a sabre wound to the chest during the Battle of Columbus in April of 1865, but it pained him for the rest of his life, leading to a morphine addiction that would last until his death in 1888.
He had some success with his Pemberton's French Wine Coca, which was marketed to veterans and "highly strung" Southern women as a recreational beverage with medicinal properties. A wine fortified with coca and kola nut, it was claimed it fought depression, morphine addiction, alcoholism, and anxiety. Pemberton created his non-alcoholic version when Fulton County enacted temperance legislation in 1886; the wine was replaced with soda water, it was sold at drug stores, and Coca-Cola was born.
The active ingredient certainly sped its success. It woke people up, helped them to work longer hours with greater focus, and it made them feel wonderful. Pemberton marketed it as a "valuable brain tonic…delicious, refreshing, pure joy, exhilarating."
The public agreed. Coca-Cola survived Pemberton's death, using his original recipe until the cocaine was removed in 1906.
Coming down
It took several years for the long-term effects of cocaine to become apparent. Freud himself fell out of love with it in the 1890s, when he began to observe increasingly negative reactions among his own patients. He eventually gave it up himself when it began to affect his own performance, causing him to nearly kill of his own patients during a surgery.
Although cocaine was effective for short-term use for toothaches and dental surgery, its effects on the teeth overtime proved to be more than detrimental; it increased tooth decay and erosion, periodontal disease, oral lesions and infections, and loss of taste and smell.
By 1891, there were thirteen deaths attributed to cocaine, as well as countless reported addictions. Though it worked as a stimulant and painkiller, its other side effects were less appealing. Finally, it was discovered to cause delirium, breathing issues, convulsions, high blood pressure, coma, and cardiac arrest.
Cocaine was outlawed in the US with the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. It experienced a further surge in Germany following WWI and was used in Nazi experiments throughout WWII. It is still legal for medical use or decriminalized in many countries around the world as well as the state of Oregon.
Gardiner, Richard. "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia", Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society(Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24
Lestrange, Aymon de (2018). Coca wine : Angelo Mariani's miraculous elixir and the birth of modern advertising ([English translation, revised and expanded edition] ed.). Rochester, Vermont.
Musto, David F. "Why Did Sherlock Holmes Use Cocaine?" Pharmacy in History, vol. 31, no. 2, 1989, pp. 78–80. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41112485.
Ohler, Norman. Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
"Cocaine." The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 6169, 1979, pp. 971–972. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25431933.
An Invitation to Cocaine. William Golden Mortimer, 1904.
An advertisement for Hall's Coca Wine, 1915.
Advertisement for Iron Bitters. Iron Bitters was an over-the-counter cure-all with cocaine as an active ingredient.
Advertisement for Coca-Cola, 1890s.
Advertisement for Cocaine Toothache Drops, 1885. Like Iron Bitters, these were marketed for children.
Coca-Cola Cocaine Drugs in History Gold Cure John Pemberton Medical History Morphine Pharmaceuticals Pope Leo XIII Sigmund Freud Vin Mariani
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4 thoughts on "A Cure for (Anything) that Ails You: Cocaine in Victorian Medicine"
Thanks Jessica!
Lizzi Tremayne Author
LizziTremayne , March 18, 2021 at 6:34 pm
Okay. This is scary. I'll have to look for cocaine in some of my 19th Century medical journals.
Anne Louise Bannon , March 25, 2021 at 6:26 pm
Let us know what you find! The spelling sometimes varies
authorjessicacale , March 27, 2021 at 3:52 pm
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I believe every customer deserves to have an enjoyable and referable experience. I say this because over the years I have bought several properties and refinanced multiple times along the way. I share this because sadly, I cannot remember the name of a single loan officer that I worked with. Not a single one made an impact on me, followed up with me afterwards or, more importantly, delivered what I consider an enjoyable and referable experience. I strive to deliver excellence to all my clients by doing all the aforementioned things that were not done for me as well as coming up with a solid plan to achieve debt free home ownership. I believe the expression goes I wasn't born in Texas, but got here as quickly as I could, which is fairly accurate. My father was in the military, so I travelled around extensively in my youth but moved to Texas before my teens. After high school, I attended various colleges throughout the state and ending up finishing at North Texas State University, now known as The University of North Texas. Go Mean Green! I now live in Dallas, Texas - just me and my dog.  I enjoy outdoor activities and the company of good friends. Dallas is my home, but I enjoy the Austin area immensely and get down there often.


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Philippine health authority demands full Dengvaxia refund from Sanofi
by Angus Liu |
The Philippine government is now officially asking Sanofi to refund some $39 million for used Dengvaxia. (Sanofi/Vincent Moncorgé)
Sanofi had previously agreed to refund the Philippines $28 million for unused Dengvaxia doses, but the government's demand hasn't stopped there. The Department of Health is now asking Sanofi to return some 2 billion Philippine pesos ($39 million) for used vaccines as well, according to the Philippine Daily Inquirer.
DOH health secretary Francisco Duque III told reporters that the agency sent the demand letter for a full refund on Friday, Jan. 26, "because the purported protection wasn't felt, wasn't there," as quoted by the Inquirer.
He then went on suggest the decision was pegged to the Dengvaxia label change. "In fact they withdrew the label. They did a relabeling because they said you can no longer use this for seronegative children who never had past dengue infection," he said.
RELATED: Sanofi agrees to pay for proven Dengvaxia adverse events in the Philippines
Last November, Sanofi released findings from a long-term data analysis, which concluded that Dengvaxia could lead to more serious infections when given to dengue-naïve populations, and hence requested health authorities to change the vaccine's label to reflect the risk. That marked the beginning of the whole controversy currently at play in the Philippines.
Several lawmakers, health experts and officials, Duque included, have since gone public with their intention to demand a full refund of about $70 million the government paid Sanofi for Dengvaxia procurement. But this is the first formal request sent directly to the French pharma.
In the face of mounting distrust and blame coming from all directions, Sanofi has stood firm about its dengue shot's safety profile, stressing on several occasions that there was no report of deaths linked to the vaccination, but the company has at the same time been accommodative to the Philippine government's requests.
After agreeing to pay back $28 million for unused Dengvaxia doses, which it said at the time the was "not related to any safety or quality issue," the drugmaker promised lawmakers last week that it will cover the cost of any adverse events proven to be caused by Dengvaxia.
Sanofi didn't immediately respond to a request for comment on the latest demand.
infectious disease Sanofi Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia dengue fever Philippines
Angus Liu
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Researchers are looking at the salt cod industry for a potential tissue sample drying technology that could save money without sacrificing tissue quality.
A new kind of ultrasound technology easily shows how blood flows through the heart in foetuses, newborns and children. It's a tool that can save lives.


The world-famous Cliff House is part of the Sutro Historic Landscape District and is also the crown jewel of the largest urban national park in the United States.
Since 1863 the Cliff House has been famous for fine food, excellent service, and unparalleled ocean views. There are very few meeting or special event venues that can offer historic charm and ambiance dating back to the turn of the century. With the restoration and renovations of 2003, the modern amenities that were added make the Terrace Room the perfect venue for every type of event.
The Terrace Room, with access to a private outdoor terrace, is the perfect location for wedding ceremonies and receptions. The beauty of a sunset to the west and misty Ocean Beach to the south can be viewed through floor-to-ceiling windows on two sides. With the beach and Pacific Ocean as a backdrop, your ceremony on the private terrace will be truly unique.
This amazing setting offers views of the famous Seal Rocks, the Marin coastline, the Pacific Ocean, and Ocean Beach. Your guests will be delighted by sightings of flocks of pelicans and seagulls as well as the occasional glimpse of seals, dolphins, or whales. Imagine dining on delightful cuisine with a menu that changes seasonally while you enjoy one of nature's best shows.
Rental Fee Includes: Daytime events must conclude by 3:45 pm because the evening event set up starts at 4:00 pm. Evening events will begin at 6:00 pm. A complimentary podium, microphone, and data ports are available. The ceremony package includes set up and breakdown of 120 white folding chairs, a runner, 30 additional minutes in the Terrace Room with no room charge, and a manager on duty to help with the ceremony coordination.


Contributions through the Annual Giving program support the general operation of Historic Odessa and its annual $500,000 budget. Approximately 72% of the annual budget arises through voluntary membership and gifts. With annual support, we are able to care for the historic properties and collection objects, create inspirational school programs, provide opportunities for thousands to learn about life in Delaware as it once was, mount fascinating exhibitions and host popular events such as the Annual Holiday Party and the Annual Odessa Brew Fest. We invite you to make an annual contribution to the best of your ability and support this cultural resource.
Individuals that have provided for Historic Odessa via their estate are welcomed into the H. Rodney Sharp Society. Society members are amongst the most generous contributors to the Foundation. Members have the choice of remaining anonymous (unpublished) or public (published in recognition materials). At no time is any information beyond the member name listed publicly. Those who choose to be publicly recognized create an example for others to follow with their own philanthropic intent.
We recommend that gifts through wills be expressed as a percentage of your overall estate rather than a fixed dollar amount. When naming the Foundation in your will, please use our legal name: The Historic Odessa Foundation (Odessa, DE). If you are willing to share this information with Historic Odessa staff, please call (302) 478-4119 for a confidential conversation.
Make a gift to the Historic Odessa Foundation in honor of or in memory of a friend, a beloved teacher, or simply because you recognize the value of preserving the very essence of early America. Call Jennifer Cabell at 302-378-4119 for more information.


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Welcome to the Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association
Welcome to the Southern California Institute of Law Alumni AssociationWelcome to the Southern California Institute of Law Alumni AssociationWelcome to the Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association
Your one time dues payment of $100 will enable us to meet our goals and improve services for the benefit of our members, graduates, and current students.
(Picture from 2011 Commencement Ceremony)
MEMBER DUES
(Pictured - The Santa Barbara Campus 1996-2020)
All Juris Doctors of the Southern California Institute of Law are invited to apply for full membership in the Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association.
All third and fourth level law students of the Southern California Institute of Law, in good standing, are eligible for prel
All third and fourth level law students of the Southern California Institute of Law, in good standing, are eligible for preliminary membership.
Please send your contact information including e-mail address, phone number, mailing address, year of graduation or class year status, and mail your 1x dues payment of $100, made payable to: SCILAA.
Or, scroll down to submit your electronic application and dues on-line.
https://newsroom.courts.ca.gov/news/california-supreme-court-approves-provisional-licensing-program-2020-law-school-graduates
The Southern California Institute of Law was Accredited by the Committee of Bar Examiners of The State Bar of California until June 1, 2020.
The Southern California Institute of Law was Accredited by the Committee of Bar Examiners of The State Bar of California until June 1, 2020. In August of 2020, The Law School was approved by the Committee of Bar Examiners of The State Bar of California to operate as a Registered/Unaccredited Distance Learning Law School.
The goal of the SCILAA is to advance the ideals and objectives of the legal profession, to provide graduated students with networking, continuing education and social opportunities, in addition to assisting the students of the Southern California Institute of Law.
The Southern California Institute of Law was formed by a small group
The Southern California Institute of Law was formed by a small group of legal academics and scholars, and incorporated in 1986, with its first law classes commencing in 1987. Prior to the establishment of the Law School there was only one other law school in the entire tri-county of San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Ventura. The Law School has continually sought to broaden access to legal education, especially to low-moderate socio-economic groups.
SCIL Alumni Association
1280 South Victoria Avenue, Suite 120, Ventura, California 93003, United States
scilaa@lawdegree.com
Members Only Website
Members: Click below to download your access to the members only website.
Access to the members only website requires a password.
MEMBER ONLY SIGN IN (pdf)Download
the Southern California
Institute of Law's
Hon. Louise A. LaMothe
U.S. Magistrate Judge
Central District of California.
Keynote Speaker Hon. Mark Stone
Assembly-member and
Chair of the Judiciary Committee
2017 Commencement Ceremony (pdf)
Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association
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Ventura, California 93003
* Terms of Use: The use of this website is for the purpose of providing general information to the graduates of the Southern California Institute of Law. All information contained within this website, including all pages and links, are subject to change without notice. For the most current information please contact the appropriate administration. Additionally this site may contain links that require a membership password to access.
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*DMCA: The owners of www.lawschoolalumniscil.com accept correspondence addressed to: Attn: Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association, 1280 S. Victoria Avenue, Suite 120, Ventura, CA 93003.
Visit Southern California Institute of Law at: http://lawdegree.com/
Copyright © 2017 Southern California Institute of Law Alumni Association - All Rights Reserved.


School is starting back up again, which means church activities are, too. While it's normal to lament the end of another fun-filled summer, it's time to look forward to restarting regular activities and joining new small groups. In order to get ready for another year of learning, your church will need to figure out how to engage students—and because most students are already online, it's the perfect place to target these teens.
This one may seem like a no-brainer, but in order to connect with students, it's vitally important to meet them where they're at. For most students, that means social media. On average teens are online for about 9 hours a day, and tweens about six hours a day.
Only 51 percent of teenagers are currently on Facebook (but 68 percent of their parents are on Facebook, so it's a great place to target them).
Your church may have just gotten really good at using Facebook, but with the rise in popularity of Instagram, it's now time to turn your social media attention elsewhere.
In order to best engage students over Instagram, be sure to post regular stories and posts to promote your events. If you really want to get their attention, try highlighting water baptisms of young people at church, promote your online stream, and be sure to post funny photos that will get a laugh.
Small groups aren't just for adults. Kids can get a lot of out of small groups as well. You just need to encourage the younger crowd to join while making it convenient for them to sign up. Since they are spending so much time online, the best way to do this is to provide a way for them to sign up there.
Make sure it's easy for kids to sign up with their friends, as well as making sure the dates, times and locations are clear. Then, be sure to promote small group signups on all your social channels.
It's easy for students to get distracted while in church. If you want to ensure they're not missing important messages, take advantage of their time online by posting messages that they can watch or listen to at their own pace.
While video has dominated the online scene for a long time, podcasts are becoming increasingly popular. Podcasts are mostly listened to by people ranging from 18 to 34 years old, but even kids ages 12 and older are listening to podcasts. The format of podcasts are perfect for youth leaders to record and present their weekly messages.
It should be a given by now that any event held at your church is promoted on your social channels. This is especially true when engaging students. As with small groups, make it easy for students to sign up for upcoming events online.
Whether your next event is a field day, fundraiser, mission trip, or concert, you can also encourage small group leaders to send the sign up links in their group texts.
Instagram stories are also a great outlet for event promotion. Because they only last for a day, you can upload a new promotion frequently, and link to the signup page easily. Instagram stories are also a fun place to offer incentives for coming to an event or weekly service. Maybe advertise that the first five people to send a direct message to the church get a $5 gift card or special privileges during the student service. Be sure to get creative here!
A whopping 95 percent of teenagers either have their own smartphone or have access to one, and much of their time spent online is on their phone.
There are many reasons you need to have a mobile-friendly website, but if you want to connect with a younger audience, it's imperative.
Keeping these things is mind will increase the chances of engaging with students on their phones.


Psychosis High-Risk states are today a major field of research in psychiatry allowing early intervention (including primary prevention) of severe psychotic disorders. Psychosis High-Risk criteria select different clinical features and appear to be different center-wise and country-wise. As several of the phenomena accounting for symptoms are subjective in nature, both original and recent inputs from research in phenomenological psychopathology are great candidates for adding to the conceptual validity of High-Risk states. These subjects show a disturbed grip on reality–perplexity, derealization, and depersonalization—as well as a diminished presence in the world and involuntarily ruminating on things they previously ignored. Special sets of phenomena are presented including Truman symptoms, anomalous subjective self and world experiences, and abnormal bodily phenomena. Contemporary predictive and translational research will ultimately integrate phenomenological data with the neurocognitive and neurobiological models of mental disorders.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We realize you may have a few questions, like what size dumpster do I need or how much is this going to cost. Just give us a call and one of our specialists in Avoca, Pennsylvania will be happy to answer any questions you may have.
If your looking to rent a roll off container in Avoca, don't accept slow responding companies or late deliveries. For over 15 year's we have delivered our dumpsters on-time, when and where our customers need them. Give us a call today to experience why we're the #1 affordable dumpster rental company nationwide.
Protips For Renting a Dumpster in Avoca, Pennsylvania!
Everyone wants to get the best deals on whatever they're renting, and dumpsters are no different. Perhaps you're a homeowner in Avoca who is starting a new home improvement project, and realized that you'll be producing a large amount of waste materials that is just too much for standard garbage disposal choices. Regardless of your disposal needs, there is likely going to be a dumpster selection that will work for both your budget and your project.
Garbage disposal jobs can become a challenge if you don't carefully estimate the amount of waste you'll be producing. You'll need to think about fuel costs for transporting the dumpster, correct disposal locations and sometimes even permits to properly dispose of your waste. It's always easier to rent a dumpster than it is to make multiple trips with your own vehicle, but you'll want to make a list of the costs involved so you can budget accordingly. The cost of your removal process will be determined by the size, weight and materials your waste is made up of. Potential permit costs in Avoca can also make a different into you budget concerns.
Roll-off dumpsters in Avoca are sold in a variety of sizes and you will usually find rentals anywhere between 10 and 40 cubic yards. If you've never rented a dumpster before you may be unsure of what size you require for your specific job. In general, a 10 yard dumpster will be a good choice to clear out a garage or dispose of waste from a one room job. If you're simply cleaning out a large portion of garbage or doing some spring cleaning with a lot of smaller objects, you could likely get away with a 10 cubic yard dumpster. A 40 cubic yard dumpster would be ideal for a big home improvement task, such as replacing a roof, or construction work. Any decent dumpster rental company can help you with this decision as well.
One topic not to be overlooked is weight restrictions on your dumpster, as they can run up your costs in the end. A dumpster may look large, yet once you begin using it you'll find it can fill up very rapidly. Even if you have extra room in your dumpster, be aware that it could still be at capacity for its maximum weight. Depending on the materials you're disposing of you may want to check on any landfill charges that may come your way. Be aware that if your dumpster becomes too heavy, it could possibly damage your property or driveway. It's usually a good idea to inform your dumpster rental company of what you're going to be disposing of first.
The various types of waste that you'll be disposing of will determine cost and dumpster you're going to want to go with. Some people only have a few large items like furniture or old appliances and if that's the case, then you could also look into junk removal services that may be a better fit for you. A 10 cubic yard dumpster is good for basement or garage cleanouts with a limited amount of garbage. Finding out precisely what types of waste is acceptable to be thrown in your dumpster in Avoca is another vital to think about. Check with your dumpster vendor on prohibited items like batteries, food waste, grease or large appliances such as refrigerators that are often not accepted.
How much a dumpster rental costs is determined by various different factors. While a lot of companies usually offer free estimates, it is recommended you find out how rental rates are figured out. Clearly, bigger dumpsters can contain far more volume and weight. It is going to be more work to transport a large container, even if it's not at capacity, since it requires more man power. Due to these factors, renting a bigger dumpster will always cost more than a smaller one.
Local dumpster businesses in Avoca are going to be the most ideal ones to go with if you live in that area. Local companies usually have an established dumping arrangement with waste management facilities, which will save you effort and paperwork. The disposal process can be easier with a company that knows the local environmental regulations. By giving your dumpster company as much information as possible about your waste materials, you can make sure you get the best deal and correct sized container.


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Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and ...
Food & Nutrition Science Regular Papers
Macrophage Mediated Anti-Proliferation Effects of Anthodia camphorata Non-Polysaccharide Based Extracts on Human Hepatoma Cells
Chia-Yu CHANG, Tain-Junn CHENG, Fang-Rong CHANG, Hsien-Yi WANG, Wei-Chih KAN, Shun-Lai LI, Li-Hsueh HUANG, Yu-Chun CHEN, Wan-Chen TSAI, Chia-Hsin HUANG, Chia-Hui CHENG, Guo-Yang LEE, Shiang-Wei SHYUE, Yi-Peng CHEN, Kao-Chang LIN, Jiunn-Jye CHUU
Chia-Yu CHANG
Institute of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University
Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center
Tain-Junn CHENG
Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center
Department of Occupational Safety, College of Environment, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
Fang-Rong CHANG
Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hsien-Yi WANG
Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center
Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
Wei-Chih KAN
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
Shun-Lai LI
Li-Hsueh HUANG
Department of Nephrology, Sin-Lau Christian Hospital
Yu-Chun CHEN
Wan-Chen TSAI
Chia-Hsin HUANG
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
Biotechnology Division, Agricultural Research Institute
Chia-Hui CHENG
Guo-Yang LEE
Shiang-Wei SHYUE
Yi-Peng CHEN
Kao-Chang LIN
Jiunn-Jye CHUU
Pharmacy, Wei Gong Memorial Hospital
Keywords: Antrodia camphorata,	polysaccharide,	macrophages,	immunomodulation,	apoptosis
JOURNALS FREE ACCESS
DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100559
View "Advance Publication" version (April 22, 2011).
Published: April 23, 2011 received: August 04, 2010 Released: May 10, 2011 accepted: December 29, 2010 [Advance Publication] Released: April 22, 2011 corrected: -
It has been reported that medicinal mushrooms might induce different types of immune responses. Anthodia camphorata (A. camphorata) has attracted much attention for its therapeutic effects in treating hepatoma. We tested this anti-tumor effects using immunomodulation of macrophages and extracts of A. camphorata. We evaluated the anti-proliferation effects of various extracts of A. camphorata from fruiting bodies (AC-FB), mycelium of solid-state cultures (AC-SS), liquid-state cultures (AC-LS) and polyaccharide extracts from liquid-state cultures (AC-PS), and extracts of A. camphorata stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell-conditioned mediums (MC-CMs). We measured cell proliferation and, did migration assays by cell cycle analysis and by observing apoptosis-related proteins (AKT, PARP-1, and NF-κB) and the mRNA expression of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) of macrophages in human hepatoma cell lines. Our results revealed that two of the extracts (AC-FB and AC-SS) had better anti-proliferation effects, implying an immunomodulatory role the macrophages might play. This outcome is consistent with findings that AC-FB and AC-SS increase mRNA expression of TNF-α and the corresponding expression of apoptosis-related proteins on activation of MC-CMs, while A. camphorata polysaccharides induce macrophage-derived anti-tumor activities in human hepatoma cells via IL-1β and Akt activation. These results indicate that anti-tumor effects exerted by modulation of macrophage activation of A. camphorate may be influenced by the other constituents which (contained little or no polysaccharide) of A. camphorata.
This article cannot obtain the latest cited-by information.
© 2011 by Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
Edited and published by : Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Produced and listed by : Komiyama Printing Co., Ltd.


Each and every one Of us faces personal trials that trigger difficult-to-manage emotions that affect our communication, relationships, and the quality of our lives. We refer to them as emotion challenges of communication. The most common emotional challenges that we all face are anger, passion, and grief. We get angry when we're mad and even sad. We have passion in what do and how we feel and we have girlfriend we lose someone or something tragic happens. These emotions are a part of life and should not hold us back room expressing our emotions, although that's a lot easier said than done.
Although there are many concepts to interpersonal communication, emotional challenges such as anger and grief and how you express them, is very important. According to our textbook, Anger is a negative primary emotion that occurs when you are blocked or interrupted from attaining an important goal by what you see as the improper action of an external agent (McCormick, 2010). Anger is greatly driven by the perception that the interruption was improper or unfair. There are many ways to manage your anger but some people don't always choose the best ways to manage their anger properly.
The most common strategy for managing anger is suppression. Many people choose to suppress their anger rather than release it in a healthy way. Suppression often, more times than not, results in lashing out when something triggers your anger. When someone lashes out it most generally means they've bottled so much anger up and can simply not hold anything else in and are at their breaking point. Suppressing anger can cause physical and mental problems and you can put yourself in a near-constant Tate of arousal and negative thinking known as chronic hostility (McCormick, 2010).
Another common strategy for releasing anger is venting. Venting is when you explosively disclose all of your angry thoughts to the person who triggered them. Venting is sometimes thought to be dangerous because it's similar to lashing out at and purging all your anger on someone who may have not done anything, but venting could also be healthy if you do it in a correct manner such as talking about your emotions rationally with someone who is willing to listen and can help.
Its always best to effectively manage our anger. Some strategies that are highly effective are encounter avoidance, encounter structuring, and reappraisal. However if your anger has been triggered you could consider using an alternative approach called the Jefferson strategy (McCormick, 201 0), named after Thomas Jefferson. Another emotional challenge of communication is passion. Passion is a blend of emotions. Passion is an intense emotion compelling feeling, enthusiasm, sexual attraction, or desire for something.
Passion mainly stems in large part from surprise, the longer and better you know someone, the less passion you ill experience toward that person. Passion is derived from what we perceive as surprising. Our textbook says that you can't engineer a passionate evening by carefully negotiating a dinner or romantic rendezvous (McCormick, 2010). The way that the media portrays passion influences how we expect passion to look and feel. Life is hard, but it's not always the hard times that make it such a struggle.
It's often the inconsistency of the good times that bring on frustration. Maintaining a happy and long-term romance requires lots of work and communication between you and your partner. Some ways to maintain passion in your life for example would be to learn from your mistakes and don't dwell on them and to always have a healthy escape ready at a moments notice and to always do what you believe is right. One emotional challenge that is quite challenging is grief. Everyone will have to deal with grief quite a few times in their lives.
Grief can be described as a multi-faceted response to loss, particularly to the loss of someone or something to which a bond was formed. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, and grief is the action to loss. Managing grief is enormously and uniquely taxing (McCormick, 2010). When someone experiences grief, there is a grieving process that you go through. Shock is the initial reaction to loss and then you experience denial. After shock and denial you experience despair and depression and then finally recovery.
Crying is a normal and natural part of grieving. Grief is a unique emotional experience and no emotion management strategy can help you just get over it. Grief has to just run its course until you have eventually recovered from your loss. A great way, forever, to help manage your grief is emotion-sharing: talking about your grief with others who are experiencing or have experienced similar pain, or people who are skilled at providing you with much-needed emotional support and comfort (McCormick, 2010).
Ways that you can help someone manage their grief could be by joining a support group and going with them but the best way to help others is to engage in supportive communication. Supportive communication is sharing messages that express emotional support and that offer personal assistance. However, sometimes you need to be careful about hat messages you give to a grieving individual because some supportive messages could be perceived as unhelpful. For many people, emotions are a scary thing.
Part of the problem is that we just don't know what to do with them, so we turn to the only strategies we do know. Emotions are valuable and offer a bounty of benefits. Once we're able to process and cope with them effectively, we can learn a lot about ourselves and our needs. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things. Using unhealthy strategies such as sniping and suppressing your anger can sabotage our relationships, jobs and even our health.
Expressing our emotions in a healthy manner will help us to overall be healthier and happier in our lives. To express your emotions you need to recognize the importance of expressing them. Unexpressed emotions affect your entire life. Emotions must be expressed. You can either express your emotions as you have them, or you can put a lot of energy into repressing them and just wind up having to deal with more powerful versions of your emotions later. Decide that you are going to express your emotions as you experience them, it will definitely benefit you more.
Anger, passion, and grief are all major emotional challenges that each and every one of us experience quite often in our lifetimes. Knowing how to express these emotions effectively is one of the best communication skills that someone could have.
Each and every one of us faces personal trials that trigger difficult-to-manage emotions that affect our communication, relationships, and the quality of our lives. We refer to them as emotion challenges of communication. The most common emotional challenges that we all face are anger, passion, and grief. We get angry when we're mad and even sad. We have passion in what we do and how we feel and we have grief when we lose someone or something tragic happens. These emotions are a part of life and should not hold us back from expressing our emotions, although that's a lot easier said than done. Although there are many concepts to interpersonal communication, emotional challenges such as anger and grief and how you express them, is very important. According to our textbook, Anger is a negative primary emotion that occurs when you are blocked or interrupted from attaining an important goal by what you see as the improper action of an external agent (McCornack, 2010). Anger is greatly driven by the perception that the interruption was improper or unfair. There are many ways to manage your anger but some people don't always choose the best ways to manage their anger properly. The most common strategy for managing anger is suppression. Many people choose to suppress their anger rather than release it in a healthy way. Suppression often, more times than not, results in lashing out when something triggers your anger. When someone lashes out it most generally means they've bottled so much anger up and can simply not hold anything else in and are at their breaking point. Suppressing anger can cause physical and mental problems and you can put yourself in a near-constant state of arousal and negative thinking known as chronic hostility (McCornack, 2010). Another common strategy for releasing anger is venting.
Venting is when you explosively disclose all of your angry thoughts to the person who triggered them. Venting is sometimes thought to be dangerous because it's similar to lashing out at and purging all your anger on someone who may have not done anything, but venting could also be healthy if you do it in a correct manner such as talking about your emotions rationally with someone who is willing to listen and can help. It's always best to effectively manage your anger. Some strategies that are highly effective are encounter avoidance, encounter structuring, and reappraisal. However if your anger has been triggered you could consider using an alternative approach called the Jefferson strategy (McCornack, 2010), named after Thomas Jefferson. Another emotional challenge of communication is passion. Passion is a blend of emotions. Passion is an intense emotion compelling feeling, enthusiasm, sexual attraction, or desire for something. Passion mainly stems in large part from surprise, the longer and better you know someone, the less passion you will experience toward that person. Passion is derived from what we perceive as surprising. Our textbook says that you can't engineer a passionate evening by carefully negotiating a dinner or romantic rendezvous (McCornack, 2010).
The way that the media portrays passion influences how we expect passion to look and feel. Life is hard, but it's not always the hard times that make it such a struggle. It's often the inconsistency of the good times that bring on frustration. Maintaining a happy and long-term romance requires lots of work and communication between you and your partner. Some ways to maintain passion in your life for example would be to learn from your mistakes and don't dwell on them and to always have a healthy escape ready at a moments notice and to always do what you believe is right. One emotional challenge that is quite challenging is grief. Everyone will have to deal with grief quite a few times in their lives. Grief can be described as a multi-faceted response to loss, particularly to the loss of someone or something to which a bond was formed. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, and grief is the reaction to loss. Managing grief is enormously and uniquely taxing (McCornack, 2010). When someone experiences grief, there is a grieving process that you go through. Shock is the initial reaction to loss and then you experience denial. After shock and denial you experience despair and depression and then finally recovery. Crying is a normal and natural part of grieving. Grief is a unique emotional experience and no emotion management strategy can help you just get over it. Grief has to just run its course until you have eventually recovered from your loss.
A great way, however, to help manage your grief is emotion-sharing: talking about your grief with others who are experiencing or have experienced similar pain, or people who are skilled at providing you with much-needed emotional support and comfort (McCornack, 2010). Ways that you can help someone manage their grief could be by joining a support group and going with them but the best way to help others is to engage in supportive communication. Supportive communication is sharing messages that express emotional support and that offer personal assistance. However, sometimes you need to be careful about what messages you give to a grieving individual because some supportive messages could be perceived as unhelpful. For many people, emotions are a scary thing. Part of the problem is that we just don't know what to do with them, so we turn to the only strategies we do know. Emotions are valuable and offer a bounty of benefits. Once we're able to process and cope with them effectively, we can learn a lot about ourselves and our needs. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things. Using unhealthy strategies such as sniping and suppressing your anger can sabotage our relationships, jobs and even our health. Expressing our emotions in a healthy manner will help us to overall be healthier and happier in our lives.
To express your emotions you need to recognize the importance of expressing them. Unexpressed emotions affect your entire life. Emotions must be expressed. You can either express your emotions as you have them, or you can put a lot of energy into repressing them and just wind up having to deal with more powerful versions of your emotions later. Decide that you are going to express your emotions as you experience them, it will definitely benefit you more. Anger, passion, and grief are all major emotional challenges that each and every one of us experience quite often in our lifetimes. Knowing how to express these emotions effectively is one of the best communication skills that someone could have.


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text:
In the mathematical field of commutative algebra, an ideal I in a commutative ring A is locally nilpotent at a prime ideal p if Ip, the localization of I at p, is a nilpotent ideal in Ap.

In non-commutative algebra and group theory, an algebra or group is locally nilpotent if and only if every finitely generated subalgebra or subgroup is nilpotent.  The subgroup generated by the normal locally nilpotent subgroups is called the Hirsch–Plotkin radical and is the generalization of the Fitting subgroup to groups without the ascending chain condition on normal subgroups.

A locally nilpotent ring is one in which every finitely generated subring is nilpotent: locally nilpotent rings form a radical class, giving rise to the Levitzki radical.

Commutative algebra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Martinusportal.se
Martinus Kosmologi - Det Tredje Testamentet
Hälsa/Skönhet
Hem » Artiklar » Artiklar av Martinus » Engelska
Quotations from Martinus Writings
"... in the eternal evolution I could not possibly constitute one single jot more than that which all other living beings before me have been and which all other living beings after me will be."
(Livets Bog (The Book of Life) I, sect. 22)
"Take what you can use from the cosmology and leave the rest."
(Said in many lectures)
"Nature doesn't do anything by leaps, but raises every occurrence from one step to the other by its small, subtle steps of development. In the same way must also the animal's transformation into human take place. Through this process of development the transformation doesn't take place more violently than that the latent cosmic organs or brain areas to same extent are transformed and adapted to the vibrations, which the highest energies appear in."
Livets Bog (The Book of Life) VI, sect. 2003
Translation Anders and Marja
"Too early an attainment of cosmic glimpses - that is to say before the individual's moral standard is fundamentally established - will thus be very unfortunate, but it will take place or will be attained in some kind of unnatural way and in a restricted form or as a substitute for genuine glimpses. Absolute and infallible cosmic sight can be obtained only by cleansing the mind of all lower tendencies such as ambition, pride, intolerance, desire for power, dishonesty etc. The combating of these realities is the unavoidable price which has to be paid for basic cosmic sight. That combating makes the human -being "pure in heart" and so it is a natural and genuine way of training for the attainment of divine sight. Any kind of training which is not synonymous with the combat mentioned above must then be the same as a false training or an artificial method and only in the most fortunate cases can bring those concerned into contact with some of the cosmic energies. But in that instance they have not been through sufficient moral development and their spiritual bodies are still too feeble for this contact. Therefore these people will overstrain themselves mentally and become spiritual cripples, a condition that invariably causes fanaticism, which in the worst cases can be followed by mental weakness or insanity. And here it is that the individual meets the "Guardians of the Threshold" in the shape of his own unfinished nature. No one is able to "see God" except the "pure in heart".
Livets Bog (The Book of Life) I, sect. 208
Cosmic glimpses come entirely by themselves and not by any kind of artificial training.
From the book Meditation chap. 11
It can thus be very dangerous to meditate if one is totally unacquainted with the laws of the cosmic structure. When people in the East practise meditation very much and can achieve natural results, it is mainly due to the fact that they respect the holy activities in quite a different way from people here in the West.
Meditation on the Lord's Prayer constitutes the very highest meditation in existence, for it strengthens and supports the road towards light without in any way whatsoever being a trap or a danger for those who practise it.
About trying to reach higher state of consciousness:
"...it is a state of 'high voltage', and if the right human qualifications are not present in the consciousness, it can cause the most dreadful forms of 'short-circuit' and 'fire' in the consciousness. The great birth (initiation, my note; M.S) is not something you can hunt for, as you can hunt for a office or an award of an order"
Cosmic glimpses, chap. 5
The only way to reach Cosmic Consciousness is to completely conquer one's own lower nature.
"Then it comes as an unrejectable and natural organic process, which opens up the individual's latent centres in the brain, and makes him able in his conscious state on the physical plane to be day-conscious as well in the physical as in the psychic or spiritual part of life. Such an experience will come at a time when the individual least has a feeling of it, and not at all considers himself developed enough to be able to get such an experience. It absolutely never comes at a time when the individual considers himself to be enough developed. "
More about Cosmic Glimpses
"So, not by discussion but only by development can he grow from a lower to a higher form of consciousness. To dictate to an individual a mode of life or a certain religious concept for which he is not ready would be just as impossible as to dictate to a tiger that it should live on vegetables."
"The universe is an altar of love. On this altar God bestows his love on the living beings, leading them forward on this high altar of life to being able to give their lives for the benefit of the liberation of their fellow-beings from darkness and suffering, whereby they themselves come to live in the shining flood of rays of cosmic consciousness or the holy spirit.
In truth! To love God above all things and one's neighbour as oneself is the fulfillment of all the laws."
From the book Meditation
"ON THE ALTAR OF LOVE" chap.7
...terrestrial Man, considered as an animal, already finds himself "limping". He is not an animal in the purest sense, but he is not a finished human being either. He is a wounded refugee between two kingdoms.
Livets Bog (The Book of Life) I, sect. 82
"However terrestrial Man's science does not remain at a standstill but is under constant development and will at some time come to include not only the spiritual world's outermost periphery but also its very centre; in other words, all the other planes of existence."
"As long as there is a flower,
memories of a higher world cannot be extinguished."
"True human culture is not a social order where the clever and strong steal the vital necessities from the less clever and the less strong, and live according to the principle 'Every man for himself'."
"ON THE ALTAR OF LOVE" chap. 5
© Martinus Institut 1981
Published with permission from ©Martinus Institute 2001-06-18
Artiklar av Martinus
A Question of Tolerance
Martinus Golden Baptism of Fire
Does the Terrestrial Human Being have Free Will?
Dying Cultural Factors
False Prophets and False Christs
Mental Prisons
Nervous Breakdown and Religion
On illness
On the Royal Road of Life
Questions to Martinus - Yoga etc.
The Cycle of Marriage
The Day of Judgement
The Epoch of Intuition
The Principle of Reincarnation
The Virgin Birth
The unarmed Kingdom of the World or the Kingdom of Heaven
Three Kinds of Fate
World Religion and World Politics
Why Should One Forgive One's Neighbour?
Martinus answers questions about suicide
The Cosmic World Picture in Brief
More Articles by Martinus
The Road to True Happiness by Martinus
The human being's ability to work
Through the gates of death, sleep and death
Externt
Artiklar av andra
© Martinusportal.se | Kontakt


Arrive to Dubai International Airport and proceed for immigration & customs formalities. Our representative will be waiting in arrival area for meet and greet. Rest of the day free for leisure.
Breakfast at the hotel. Enjoy the day at leisure by shopping. In the evening enjoy the most popular Desert Dune Safari by a Four Wheel drive land cruiser and the exciting Belly Dance show with BBQ dinner.
Breakfast at the hotel. Proceed for a panoramic city tour includes Jumeirah Mosque, photo stop at Burj Al Arab - unique hotel of the world, Sheikh Zayed Road, excursion to Palm Jumeirah and Dubai Museum. Later free for shopping at Gold Souk Market. Tour ends with a return transfer in the afternoon. After Lunch we have some time free. Proceed for Dhow cruise. End the day with a sumptuous dinner.
After breakfast, check out from the hotel and Transfer to Dubai International Airport as per your flight details.
Package Price starting from Rs. 9000 per person on twin sharing.
Arrive at Kuala Lumpur, transfer to the Genting Highlands. The day is free for optional activities or leisure.
After breakfast, Spend a full day amidst unlimited rides in the outdoor theme park. Enjoy hi-tech rides, roller coasters, games, shows and more. Try your luck at the world class casino.
After breakfast, transfer to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's largest city and political capital. Enjoy a half day city tour that takes you past some of Malaysia's beautiful landmarks. Visit Merdeka Square and the famous Petronas Twin Towers. Visit the Jamek Mosque, the King's Palace and the National Museum. Drive past the Parliament House, the Supreme Court and Chinatown. Spend the rest of the day shopping at Suria KLCC, Lot 10 Shopping Centre, Bukit Bintang Plaza and many more.
After breakfast, check-out and transfer to Kuala Lumpur airport.
Package Price starting from Rs. 7200 per person on twin sharing.
Arrive and transfer to your hotel. Spend the rest of the day at leisure. In the evening, enjoy a Night Safari where you will see a myriad of nocturnal animals, From fierce predators to timid forest dwellers, in their natural habitat. Roam the jungle in the safety and comfort of a tram.
After breakfast enjoy a panoramic half-day city tour, driving past colonial buildings, government houses, Little India and Chinatown. After lunch proceed on a tour to Sentosa Island, an exciting seaside resort.
After breakfast, you can take our optional Jurong bird park excursion or full day free for . shopping and leisure .
After your breakfast proceed to the airport to board your flight.
Package Price starting from Rs.11000 per person on twin sharing.
Arrive in Bangkok and drive to Pattaya, the Sun and Fun beach resort, just a 3 hour drive southeast of Bangkok. Transfer to your hotel. This evening, enjoy a night show, Alcazar / Tiffany.
After Breakfast, proceed to Coral Island, famous for its colourful corals and marine life. Start with an exciting ride in a speed boat to the Coral Island. Enjoy optional (On own) water sports like Para-sailing, snorkeling and windsurfing. Have lunch and then proceed back to your hotel. Evening free for shopping.
After breakfast, drive to Bangkok. Enroute visit Safari World & Marine Park. Safari World is ideal for a family trip, divided into four sections, Safari Park, with African and Asian mammals, Bird Park, Macaw Island and Games Corner. The vast 480 acre site is home to a wide range of animals, birds and marine life. Lunch at Safari World. Later transfer to your hotel.
After breakfast, enjoy a half day city tour. Visit the famous Wat Traimit or the Golden Buddha made of solid gold weighing five and a half tons and Wat Po or the Temple of the Reclining Buddha, an enormous Buddha covered in gold leaf. The rest of the day is free for exploring the fabulous shopping centres like Sogo Department Store, MBK Centre and Gaysorn Plaza on your own.
Package Price starting from Rs. 6500 per person on twin sharing.
Arrive at the Hong Kong airport, Proceed for lounge for getting fresh n up. After fresh n up proceed for Half day Hong Kong Island tour and visit the Repulse Bay, Jewellery Factory, Factory Outlet, Aberdeen Fishing Village - Aberdeen Sampan ride is optional. After that visit to mid -Level of Victoria Peak for a 360 view of Kowloon and Hong Kong. Evening free for Optional tour of Symphony of Lights with Dinner Cruise.
Enjoy breakfast at the hotel coffee shop from 0700 hours onwards, Proceed for Full day tour of Disneyland where you can enjoy number of adventurous rides and entertainment with Indian Lunch Coupon. Return to Hong Kong in evening.. Overnight stay at hotel in Hong Kong.
Enjoy breakfast at the hotel coffee shop from 0700 hours onwards, Proceed for Half day tour of Ocean Park where you can enjoy number of adventurous rides and Dolphin Shoe. Return to Hong Kong in evening.
Enjoy breakfast at the hotel coffee shop from 0700 hours onwards, then you will be picked from the hotel and transferred to the Hong Kong pier for the Ferry to Macau. After clearing your immigration you will be taken for Macau city tour with Local Lunch.
After Breakfast at the hotel you will be transfer to Macau pier for ferry to Hong Kong Airport. Free until Hong Kong airport as per your flight schedule.
Reach India with wonderful memories.
Package Price starting from Rs. 11000 per person on twin sharing.
Package Price starting from Rs.17000 per person on twin sharing.


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Skagerak Turn Stool is characterized by its round edges and compact form. The four legs are brought together on ground and defines an open space, which the seat is placed upon. The untreated ash leaves behind a beautiful trail of grains in the seat, which brings a feeling of raw nature into the home. Turn Stool is not just a stool for seating, but functions equally as an elegant bed table or small coffee table in the living room.
• Characterized by its elegance, round edges and compact form.
• Untreated ash brings a feeling of raw nature into the home.


text:
Your Weekly Astrological Overview for January 13-19: This Is Your Cue to Mix It Up!
The AstroTwins, Ophira and Tali Edut
Welcome, astro-lovers! Our new resident astrologers, Tali and Ophi Edut (a.k.a The AstroTwins) have your daily and weekly horoscopes, and will also be bringing you bi-monthly moon cycle scopes so you get the full rundown of what's happening in your sign this month. If you haven't heard about Tali and Ophi, they're identical twin sisters who are professional astrologers known for their spot-on predictions.
Instead of plunging in, how about a dreamy drift into this workweek? Life takes a turn for the poetic this Monday, January 13, as enchanting Venus floats into ethereal Pisces. You have places to go and people to see—we know, we know. But with the cosmic creatrix in this quixotic sign until February 7, you won't lose momentum if you move through your days at a flowy pace. In fact, Venus in Pisces can make the mundane feel downright sacred. Now's the time to turn daily routines into rituals. For example, if your mornings have devolved into, "Wake up. Pour Coffee. Check e-mail," this is your cue to mix it up. For the next few weeks, try something more along the lines of: "Wake up. Step outside for a breath of fresh air. Sip coffee while journaling." With the planet of love in the sign of the fantasy agent, St. Valentine could wing in on an early flight. Surrender to romance! It's not like Venus in Pisces really offers much of a choice…but Pisces is the sign of illusion. Make sure you're falling in love with people's "actual" instead of their potential. And rule of thumb until February 7 (and beyond): No rescue missions!
Related: Cook up Those Cosmic Vibes! Find out How You Can Eat by Element in This Excerpt from Your Astrological Cookbook
Calling all thought leaders! (And yes, we're talking to you.) On Thursday, January 16, mental Mercury kicks off its annual visit to Aquarius, sparking three weeks of serious innovation. Bring on the brainstorming! Until February 3, no idea is too offbeat to ponder—at least as a jumping off point. In fact, the more bizarre, the better. The beauty of Aquarius energy is that it's simultaneously logical AND illogical at once, a paradox that can produce some of the most groundbreaking, disruptive inventions the world has ever seen. Just look to Aquarians Thomas Edison, Oprah Winfrey, Galileo, and Virginia Woolf if you need proof of concept. Aquarius is also the sign of teamwork so if you're sourcing for the right collaborators, accelerate your search. You don't need people who think exactly like you, but it's important that you can challenge each other in a way that's motivating and respectful.
Related: Taylor Swift Thinks Astrology Affected Her Feud With Katy Perry—Here's Why She's Right
While you're on a visionary tear, remember that if you want to be more than another mad scientist, you'll need to measure everything against reality. Saturday could bring the first audit as Uranus in pragmatic Taurus squares Mercury. It's not just wise, but essential, that you run all your great ideas through extensive rounds of testing and concepting before you take them to market—or even start buzzing about them to your social media followers. Yes, you might actually be able to quit your day job to develop a line of "smart" handbags powered by IoT technology. But before you do that, take time to ponder things like production costs and profit margins. A solid plan is what separates a successful mission from another great idea.
Want more cosmic clarity?Click here to read your individual horoscope for the week.
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text:
Videocon Loan Fraud Case: Bombay HC orders release of Ex- ICICI Bank CEO Chanda Kochhar,husband
The Kochhars, held in the Videocon loan fraud case, will be released on a cash bail of Rs 1 lakh each, and will have to cooperate with the CBI.
By Abhilasha Last updated Jan 9, 2023 0
Mumbai: The Bombay High court on Monday has allowed the release of former ICICI bank CEO and MD Chanda Kochhar and her husband Deepak Kochhar in connection to the Videocon loan fraud case.
In their plea, the Kochhars claimed that their arrest by the CBI, in connection with a case related to alleged irregularities in loans provided to Venugopal Dhoot-led Videocon Group, was "illegal".
Chanda and Deepak Kochar need to submit Rs 1 lakh cash each to walk out of the jail on interim bail.
The CBI alleges that ICICI Bank sanctioned credit facilities to the tune of Rs 3,250 crore to the companies of Videocon Group in violation of the Banking Regulation Act, RBI guidelines and the credit policy of the bank.
They were arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on December 23 in a case linked to alleged irregularities in an over Rs 3,000-crore loan provided to the Videocon Group when Chanda Kochhar was heading the private sector bank.
College girl dies in road accident in Dhenkanal of Odisha
1 killed, 40 injured in road accident at Burdwan in West Bengal


Pamper yourself in spacious guestrooms with elegant furnishing and exceptional service at a great offer when you book for a weekend arrival on a Friday, Saturday or Sunday. Enjoy daily American buffet breakfast at award-winning One-Ninety Restaurant or have breakfast in bed prepared by our 24-hour room service, so that you could sleep a little longer.
Apart from complimentary standard internet access for unlimited devices available in all guestrooms and public spaces within the hotel, indulge in our facilities such as 24-hour gym, 3rd floor lap pool, sauna, outdoor Jacuzzi pool, indoor or outdoor tennis courts and 20th floor rooftop pool which provide a panoramic view of our skyline.


text:
How landscape photographer Erin Babnik captures epic photos without leaving a trace
Erin Babnik has been photographing natural wonders since before the dawn of social media. Here she shares her best tips for finding your inspiration and respecting your surroundings.
By Jeanette D. Moses | Published Oct 8, 2021 6:00 AM
Death Valley National Park, 2018 (Photographed in 2017). Erin Babnik
Nature is full of interesting and beautiful things. But creating a pristine nature photograph requires a lot more planning and preparation than driving to a geotagged Instagram spot and hoping to capture something great. Award-winning wilderness photographer and Canon Explorer of Light, Erin Babnik has been shooting beautiful landscapes since the days before social media. Her career photographing natural environments began from a place of curiosity. And curiosity is something she tries to maintain in her work to this day.
Here, Babnik speaks with us about her favorite places to shoot, essential gear and why it's crucial to preserve these beautiful places for generations to come.
Dolomites, Italy (2014). Erin Babnik
How did you get started with landscape photography?
Before I was a photographer, I was an art historian. I specialized in Ancient Greek art mostly and actually had to be a working archeologist as well. I did a lot of excavations in the Middle East. They required photographing objects so I could use them in my dissertation and develop an archive of photographs for teaching and research. I found myself going way out of my way to make the photos as good as they could be. I really enjoyed that process. I was getting really annoyed with all of the restrictions of trying to take tripods into archeological sites and having to ask for special access. Finally, it just dawned on me, "You know what? I used to love to just go out in the mountains and backpacking. It would be kind of fun to take the camera out there." This was before the era of social media.
Death Valley National Park, 2018. Erin Babnik
It sounds like you had a long-time love for the outdoors before you started photographing it in a more formal way.
I always took a little film camera with me, but that was just more so to document what I was doing. I totally got out of it, the more I got into academia, I was just spending all of my time in these dusty, underground libraries. I'd forgotten all about the stuff I used to love to do outside.
I was slowly already turning into a working photographer, even while I was still in academia. My photographs were getting good enough that other people were starting to hire me to do work for them. That led to stock photography work and eventually, my fine art landscapes started to bring requests for things that I wasn't even offering, like workshops and post-processing instruction.
Finally, one day I was like, "You know what? The iron is hot, maybe I should strike it. I think I really just want to do this."
Italian Dolomites, 2018. Erin Babnik
Was it difficult to make the career change from academia to full-time photo work?
It was really an intensely emotional decision for me, after investing so much of my life into one career, to take a turn like that. But in the end, I decided that was the best thing I'd ever done.
I think the thing that was really holding me back for so long was the idea that I was giving up this other career. When I realized that actually everything I had done before: the lecturing, the teaching, the traveling to exotic places, all of that was just awesome preparation for what I'm doing now. I'm still teaching. I'm still traveling to exotic places. I still get up really early and get really dirty. It's all the same, just repurposed.
Speaking of getting up early, how important is the time of day that you are shooting when creating quality landscape photos?
The most common advice that landscape photographers get is that the quality of your light is everything. But the time of day sometimes is actually relative only to a certain type of environment. Let's say that you want to photograph a slot canyon. In the middle of the day, when the sun is high and can get down into that slot canyon and create bounce lighting, that's going to be your prime time. Whereas let's say you want to shoot a mountain scene, then maybe you want some low sidelight. That's going to be an end-of-the-day situation, either sunrise or sunset. Timing is everything, but it all comes down to what your motivation is.
How much does patience play into getting good landscape photos?
Again, that's one of those things that goes both ways too. Standard wisdom would tell you that you should come up with an idea and then wait for the right moment, return to a location as many times as possible, until you finally realize that idea. The other side of that coin is sometimes just being flexible and not having expectations. Being able to let go of them will enable you to see something that maybe you would have overlooked, or would have dismissed.
Where are some of your favorite types of terrain to photograph?
I have two offices, one in Southern California and one in Europe, in Slovenia. In Europe, I've spent a massive amount of time in the Dolomites. I started exploring that region before it was even really on the map for most landscape photographers. When I first started going there, again, before the age of social media, most Americans didn't even know Italy had mountains.
Eastern Sierra, California (2017). Erin Babnik
That remains one of my favorite places to work, but I do a lot in the Alps too. In the United States, I tend to really like desert environments. I think that these two areas, the Alpine areas and then the desert, have something in common, which is that they are very changeable environments.
Mountain environments really change a lot with the seasons. A low atmosphere can make the landscape look utterly different from even one second to the next. I love that. It's the same thing with desert environments because they are always changing. The ground is literally changing a lot in places like Death Valley. It might be a lake one month and just this incredible pattern of polygons another month. You come back the next month, those polygons have all changed and it's a dune field. I'm always looking for something that I don't feel as though I've seen before.
With the rise of social media we've seen a lot of these once-pristine and remote landscapes getting too much traffic and getting destroyed. What sort of guiding principals do you use in your workshops to encourage newer photographers to respect the land they are photographing?
Dolomites, Italy, 2018. Erin Babnik
I've written and done a lot of speaking on exactly that topic because it's an important one. One of the most important things I think to keep in mind for any photographer is that these environments are not trophies to be hunted and collected. And really, the magic doesn't even lie in the location. The magic lies with you, the photographer. Wherever you go, you've got to make your own sunshine. Those are going to be the most meaningful photographs for you and they're also going to probably be the ones that do the best for you in the long run.
I think what's going on with many of these places is just overuse. Too many people are being directed to too few places because they think that's where the magic lies. And if you spread people around the planet more, these places will have a chance to recover. Basically, it's about educating the public on the sorts of things that they might not realize are harmful.
What are some examples of things that people are doing that they might not realize harm the environment?
Picking wildflowers or pitching a tent on top of wildflowers can kill them to where they will not come back, ever. If you move a rock, that might cause soil erosion that will damage an area. Walking on any kind of non-durable surface too much can make it never come back. In the Columbia River Gorge photographers have gone to photograph certain waterfalls and they all like to stand in the same spot and that spot used to be lush with ferns, and now it's just dirt because of too many feet. The environment can't heal itself.
Being very aware of the difference between a durable and a non-durable surface is important. Understanding things like cryptobiotic soil, which helps to hold the soil together—without it, an area can become just an absolute dust bowl. Critters live under rocks. You move the rocks, you deny that critter its home. And then there's a knock-on effect that can devastate an environment once you start messing with its little ecosystems. So take only photos, leave only footprints, but don't leave the footprints on the non-durable stuff.
Death Valley, 2018. Erin Babnik
In addition to your camera equipment, what sort of gear are you taking with you when you go out to take photographs?
A lot of it depends on the environment. One of the things I always have with me, that really has nothing whatever to do with camera equipment, is this little mat that folds up into three or four sections. I can use that for so many things no matter where I am. If I'm in a desert, I can use it to shield my camera from some glare or it can make a little roof over my camera. If I'm doing a low to the ground shot, where I need to be so close to the ground, I can sit on the thing. If I'm camping somewhere, and I've got a campfire, it makes a great way to fan the flames. It's extremely handy.
My first aid kit always comes with me. I also have a spot locator, which is useful if I'm out in remote areas, no matter where I am. Then there are all the layers. There's actually a lot you need to carry as a photographer, so clothing layers, maybe food, snacks, trekking poles, all kinds of stuff.
Death Valley National Park, California (2016). Erin Babnik
What advice would you give someone who wants to get started with landscape photography?
Explore and experiment a lot. That's the way that I developed as a landscape photographer. And I really stand by it. Learning to see is the most critical part of really developing as a photographer and the best way to do that is to get out and experiment with things. Try things and find things to photograph. I say often that exploration is the key to creativity because the more that you find to photograph, the more that you find yourself. So if you can get out there and find stuff, you'll shortcut across that barren landscape of all the stuff that has been seen so often that people don't respond to it anymore.
Go to the stuff that excites you. Follow your own nose and you'll probably progress more quickly and hit upon solutions that are more exciting to you sooner. See for yourself, but also have some other fresh eyes on it to help you see what you may not be noticing.
Composition in the age of AI: Who's really framing the shot?
In the age of AI-powered smartphone cameras and editing software, who's really in control of composition, the algorithm or the photographer? Our third 'Smarter Image' column has answers.
Corey Rich went mirrorless with the Nikon Z9—and is never looking back
We caught up with adventure photographer, Corey Rich, and chatted about why he's done with DSLRs for good.
How to shoot film on a budget
Here's how to get your film cost down to 25 cents per shot or less.


The Spencer daybed's smart, genteel lines and substantial upholstered frame upgrade the stereotypical daybed with a much more refined, sophisticated style. The Spencer's sides and back feature upholstery on the inside and out, much like a well-mannered antique armchair or posh sofa. Wrought iron panels drop from the frame almost to the floor, and elegantly curved lines shape each side for a beautifully-proportioned piece that would fit beautifully in a traditional or eclectic space.


Established in the year, 2008 we, "Sine Wave Energy Saver Private Limited" is a leading Supplier, Distributor & Trader of a wide range of Industrial Batteries, Digital Inverters, Industrial UPS and many more. We are also a service provider of installation and maintenance service to our clients. These products are manufactured using high grade raw material under the guidance and supervision of our experts and professionals. Offered products are manufactured using fully advanced machines of our large infrastructural unit. The Battery and Power Solutions that we offer are in huge demand across the globe and are widely appreciated. We offer these products at the most affordable rates to our clients.
We manufacture the products using the most superior quality raw material which is sourced from the most reliable vendors of the market. The products that we offer are made under the guidance and supervision of our experts and professionals who carefully study the market and find out the needs and requirements of our clients. These professionals carry out the whole manufacturing process right from the procurement of raw material, manufacturing and then carefully delivering the manufactured products to our clients. Our experts manufacture the products using our large infrastructural unit which is well-equipped with all the fully advanced and latest technology machines. These machines are upgraded time to time so as to carry out the manufacturing process flawlessly. We offer these products at the most affordable rates to our clients.


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Jim'll Watch It
July 1, 2013 Jim McLennan horror, reviews
Rating: C-
Dir: Makinov
Star: Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Vinessa Shaw, Daniel Giménez Cacho
Based on the same novel as 70's Spanish film, Who Can Kill a Child?, this is the story of Francis (Moss-Bachrach) and Beth (Shaw), a couple on holiday in Mexico who rent a small boat and take a trip to a remote village. On arrival, it's very quiet: too quiet, in fact, with no-one to be seen except for a bunch of the local kids playing on the dock. They find a hotel, but it is no less deserted: as Beth is heavily pregnant, Francis leaves her there and goes out to try to find anyone old enough to vote. The good news is, he does. The bad news? They're being dragged away, to be treated as a human piñata by those kids, who then proceed to chew down on their victim. Turns out that something has turned all the children in the village simultaneously psychotic, and they've targeted every single adult for elimination. The couple do find a local (Cacho) who can fill in some of the blanks, but with not enough gas for their boat to make the return journey, their options are pretty limited.
The main problem here is a plot which requires the central pair to be completely oblivious to what's going on, for far longer than any sensible person would be. If I showed up to a village with no responsible adults to be found, I'd be out of there in a flash, rather than hanging out in a bar, then moving to a hotel, and exploring people's homes. While I know it's an attempt to generate atmosphere of brooding menace, the audience is so far ahead of the characters – Chris was literally yelling, "Get out! GET OUT!" at the TV screen – they need to cut to the chase, and reach the meat (is murder) of proceedings a great deal quicker. Once it does get there, things improve, though I'd have like to have seen more actual child-killing: it's mostly implied here, which seems a cop out, and definitely diminishes the impact. Obviously made fairly cheaply, and with a limited cast and crew, it skates on the thin ice of failure, though never quite falls through. The cracks are pretty obvious, however.
Daniel Giménez Cacho
Ebon Moss-Bachrach
Makinov
Pacific Rim vs. Atlantic Rim
Crazy Samurai Musashi (2020)
Top 10 Films: 2020
Quatermass and the Pit (1967)
Jack's Apocalypse (2015)
Danny's Doomsday (2014)
Slave Girls (1967)
Code Name Phoenix (2000)
Mark Stirton: More Highland than Hollywood
The Mummy's Shroud (1967)
Asylum (1972)
Residue (2017)
Grindhouse Nightmares (2017)
Possum (2018)


WASHINGTON, March 4, 2016 /PRNewswire/ — EDENS, one of the nation's leading retail real estate owners and developers, announced that Rhoback, led by Kristina Zambelli and Matt Loftus, is the winner of the 2016 EDENS Retail Challenge, a nationwide university student competition seeking the most compelling new retail concept.
Rhoback is a stylish, high-end brand of active wear for 'preppy' men. Named after the Rhodesian Ridgeback, an athletic and energetic dog, the company's target audience is men who 'crave activity'. Rhoback's Loftus and Zambelli represented the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia at this year's Challenge.
The competition culminated with final presentations at D.C.'s famed Union Market on Friday, March 4th. Rhoback will receive a monetary award as well as additional support from EDENS' in-house team of financial, marketing and design professionals as they continue to build their brand.
Past retail challenge winners include Follain, a healthy, wholesome and sound beauty line, and Artis, a live-roast coffee shop. With multiple locations open, both concepts are successful and growing rapidly—a testament to the value of the support and resources the retail challenge provides.
Rhoback was selected after an intensive, six-month process of competition, which evaluated some of the best and the brightest concepts from colleges and universities around the country.
The other finalists of the 2016 EDENS Retail Challenge were Alegria Home and Alex Hudson.
For more information about the EDENS Retail Challenge, please visit www.edensretailchallenge.com. For more information about EDENS, visit www.edens.com.


4 YRS Dongguan TOMUU Actuator Technology Co., Ltd.
A free replacement will be sent to the customer in the next order if are responsible for the problem. Full series of actuators cover the whole linear industry, sample and bulk production delivery is fast. The factory is located in Ningbo city, the transportation is quite convenient, near Beilun port and Shanghai port.
Our principle : Quality is our life, technical is the basic, be honest and faithful to our partners. 2.Q:Could I take samples to test quality and market in advance9 A:Yes, welcome to take samples to test our quality and service. 8.Q:Is the sample same with formal orders9 A:Yes, sample's specification, performance, quality are totally same with formal orders.
Question 3: Do you accept customize9 Answer: Sure, as we have a strong design team, any problems will get our technical answer. Question 4: What kind of data do I neet to provide if i want to order9 Answer: Please kindly tell us your voltage, speed, torque and overall dimension. Question 5: What if i don't know the above data9 Answer: Please contact us to handle, we'll answer your questions patiently.
12 YRS Ningbo Nakin Electronic Technology Corp.
Our main products: Multifunctional rotating bed control system, hybrid stepper motor,linear actuator, drive controller and micro motor. Linear actuator series products are widely used for Multifunctional rotating beds, industrial automation, Office Automation System, dental unit, massage chair, medical bed, nursing bed, eletric bed etc. Micro motor series products are widely applicable for household appliances, such as, warm air blower, electric fan,micro-wave oven, electric baker, fireplace,etc.
1 YRS Zhejiang Nakin Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.
15 YRS Ningbo Shengguang Motor Co., Ltd.
Related to gearmotor output speed and torque please refer to motor data. encorder parameters please refer to me-37.htm . other sizes of then output shaft can make as client request.
Alibaba.com offers 3,359 recliner motor products. About 55% of these are dc motor, 1% are ac motor.
A wide variety of recliner motor options are available to you, such as ce, ccc, and vde. You can also choose from micro motor, living room furniture, and gear motor. As well as from drip-proof, waterproof, and totally enclosed. And whether recliner motor is permanent magnet, or series wound.
There are 3,359 recliner motor suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of recliner motor respectively.
Recliner motor products are most popular in North America, Western Europe, and Mid East.
You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 1,264 with ISO9001, 159 with Other, and 152 with ISO14001 certification.


Happy February! And Happy Black History Month. Don't be that person who just retweets posts about MLK and Malcolm X. While they were prominent Black leaders, they were not the only ones. This month, you should become more well-versed in Black history. Here is how.
Instead of focusing on the most popular leaders, try to find some you've never heard of before.
You will find out about some through your research on other leaders but I think it is equally as important to learn about these different movements and their significance to society.
6. Encourage friends and family to learn too!
Black men are the most to be recognized during Black history month but there are plenty Black women and people in the LGBTQ community that people rarely heard of, Marsha P. Johnson is a good example.
I hope you listen to these to tips and learn as much as you can. Happy Black History Month!


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ThrowbackDrew Seeley Dishes On Working With Selena Gomez In 'Another Cinderella Story'
By Shelby Stivale
Shutterstock(2)
It doesn't get more nostalgic than this! Drew Seeley recently opened up about working with Selena Gomez on the 2008 film Another Cinderella Story, and the triple threat couldn't stop gushing over his former costar.
"It was great, she was awesome," the 37-year-old told Kim Possible star Christy Carlson Romano during a new episode of her YouTube series "Christy's Kitchen Throwback" about working with the songstress. "She was great singer, dancer and very kind and not entitled at all, which I love."
As fans know, Drew and Selena's fan-favorite flick was a modern take on the classic fairytale Cinderella. The film followed Mary (played by Selena) who dreamed of becoming a famous dancer. When she met famous popstar Joey Parker (played by Drew), all Mary's dreams came true. The two not only fell in love in the end of the movie, but Mary was accepted into dance school.
To honor the film, Drew and Christy teamed up to make their own version of the shrimp tacos that played a minor part in the film. They also played a game called "The Throwback Throwdown Challenge." The rules were simple, Drew had to get all the trivia questions right about his career or eat a whole octopus — ew — if he was wrong. Naturally, fans were shook, but couldn't wait to see the High School Musical alum take on this challenge.
Drew not only remembered the entire song his character sang at the end of Another Cinderella Story, but revealed that he cowrote the iconic HSM song "Get'cha Head In The Game." In the end, Drew and Christy unfortunately had to eat the octopus because the actor couldn't remember what songs were on Mary's Zune in Another Cinderella Story. Some fans may remember that the tracks included "Pon De Replay" by Rihanna, "Hips Don't Lie" by Shakira, "She Wants To Move" by N.E.R.D and "All Falls Down" by Kanye West.
It's a Girl 'High School Musical' Star Drew Seeley and Amy Paffrath Welcome Their First Baby
Best News Ever 'High School Musical' Singer Drew Seeley and Wife Amy Paffrath Are Having a Baby
AWW Drew Seeley Is Proud Of Selena Gomez
Decoding The Lyrics Selena Gomez Drops New Song 'Feel Me,' Fans Convinced It's About Justin Bieber
Breaking It Down Everything You Need To Know About Selena Gomez's New Makeup Line 'Rare Beauty'
OMG All the Celebs You'll Be Surprised to Know Don't Have Their Driver's License
Coming Soon Selena Gomez's Upcoming Projects: Everything She's Been Up to Since Her Disney Channel...
Throwing It Back 'Wizards of Waverly Place' Cast: Where Are They Now?


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Novus Employees Donate One Million Dollars to Local Charities
Equipment & innovation Hardware Company/products
8 December 2015, at 12:00am
US - Since 2010, Novus and its employees have supported local charities through the United Way's Annual Giving Campaign.
Over the past five years, Novus International, Inc. and its employees have pledged one million USD to local charities through the United Way's Annual Giving Campaign.
This year, employee donations totaled more than $105,000. Novus matched employee contributions making this year's donation total over $210,000. Contributions supported the United Way of Greater St. Louis, United Way Heart of Arkansas, United Way of Southwest Missouri, United Way of Brazoria County and United Way of Greater Houston.
"From my experience, giving through the United Way allows me to have the greatest community impact. United Way does what no other organisation can – it brings communities together to strengthen dozens of local health and human service agencies that provide assistance to those in need," commented Jeff Klopfenstein, Novus International's President of the Methionine Business Unit.
Novus maintains a long tradition of involvement and support for its local communities. The Company encourages its employees to donate to causes important to them, with their gifts matched by the Novus Gift Matching program, and also engage in volunteer activities in local communities.
"The level of generosity by Novus employees is a testament to the character of the Company," said Mr Klopfenstein.
"Our employees are deeply involved in the community in many ways, and the United Way's Annual Giving Campaign is one more avenue for us to help others live their best possible lives."
Millions of people benefit from services provided through locally supported health and human service agencies affiliated with the United Way.
To make a contribution to the United Way, visit www.unitedway.org. To learn more about how Novus supports local communities, visit www.novusint.com/sustainability.
Renewed app to give traceability to the vaccination process: another tool for coccidiosis prevention
4 Dec 2020 Sponsored
In September 2020, HIPRA has launched a new version of HIPRAlink® Vaccination. A renewed software to control coccidiosis prevention at hatchery level.


As a young person accused of committing a crime, you have certain legal rights. Michelle Johal, a Brampton youth juvenile lawyer, provides a few common questions and answers to help you understand your rights as a youth.
A youth who goes through the youth criminal justice system is treated differently from and an adult who goes through the adult criminal justice system. The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) is the federal law about youth accused or found guilty of a crime. When you are accused of committing a crime while you were 12 to 17, the outcome of your case, trial or sentencing will occur under the Youth Criminal Justice Act.
What happens if I turn 18 after I was charged with an offence as a youth but before my case is finished?
Even if you turn 18 before your trial or sentencing, you will be tried or sentenced under the Youth Criminal Justice Act as long as the offence you are charged with was committed before your 18th birthday.
What type of rights do I have as a youth charged with a crime?
not answer any questions about the crime.
Does a record get erased when the young person turns 18?
This is a common misconception. When a record is erased does not have anything to do with turning eighteen. As long as the young person does not commit any more crimes, the record will become unavailable or "closed" after a period of time, either three or five years. How long they have to wait for the record "close" depends on how serious the offence was and whether the Crown proceeded by way of summary conviction or by indictment. However, if someone is convicted of a crime as an adult while their youth record is still "open" or accessible, then the youth record may be converted to an adult record. That will make it subject to the same rules and regulations as any other adult criminal record.
What impact could having a youth record have on a young person?
Having a youth record might make it difficult to get some jobs or travel to other countries. Youth record may also result in increased sentences if the young person is found guilty of a future offence whether as a youth or as an adult. Michelle Johal is a Brampton youth juvenile lawyer with extensive experience defending youth charged with offences under the Youth Criminal Justice Act. To learn more about defending Youth offences contact Michelle Johal for a consultation at 416-824-3584.


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Q: Avoid duplicate URL-s with Apache FallbackResource directive I'm using FallbackResource directive to route all web requests via front controller /index.php:
FallbackResource /index.php

It works great but one thing bothers me. It's the fact that /index.php is still available directly - same resource has two URL-s:

*

*http://www.example.com/resource-path

*http://www.example.com/index.php/resource-path
I was hoping FallbackResource will deal with this so that only main URL is available because this could pose a SEO problem. What's the best way to fix this?

A: I haven't found a solution in Apache for this. The only solution I've found for this is in handling it in PHP which almost defeats the purpose of using FallbackResource /index.php in the first place.
if (preg_match('#^/index.php#', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
    $redirect = preg_replace('#^/index.php#', '', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
    if (empty($redirect)) {
        $redirect = '/'; // in case request is domain.com/index.php with no trailing slash
    }
    header('Location: ' . $redirect);
    exit;
}

This is not ideal but it works.  It's odd there's so little information about the duplicate URLs issue with FallbackResource.  Nevertheless, this solution did not suffice IMO so what I did personally is go back to mod_rewrite.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} ^$
RewriteRule ^index\.php(?:/(.*)|$) %{ENV:BASE}/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^ - [L]
RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:BASE}/index.php [L]

Hope this helps you at least.  I tried a bounty but nobody seems to have an answer.

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