text:
\section{Introduction}
The layered perovskite material Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ has attracted a lot of interests due to the experimental evidence for its spin-triplet superconductivity with broken time-reversal symmetry \cite{Mackenzie2003}. Shortly after the discovery of its superconductivity \cite{Maeno1994}, Rice and Sigrist\cite{Rice1995} and Baskaran\cite{Baskaran1996} pointed out that the superconducting state might be an electronic analogue of the $^3$He-$A$ phase. Within this scenario, assuming the simplest nearest-neighbor pairing interaction, the gap function in terms of the $d$-vector formalism can be expressed compactly as \cite{Miyake1999,Deguchi2004a}
\begin{equation}
  \vec{d}(\bm{k})=\Delta_0\hat{z}(\sin k_x+i\sin k_y).
\end{equation}
Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is a quasi-2D systems. Its normal state can be well described by multi-orbital band structure with a 2D $\gamma$ band derived from the Ru $d_{xy}$ orbital and two weakly hybridized quasi-1D $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands derived from Ru $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals, whose Fermi surfaces are illustrated in Fig. 2(a). It is natural and has been generally assumed that superconductivity arises primarily on the 2D $\gamma$ band~\cite{Rice1995}, 2D model hereafter. This scenario is consistent with the directional variation of the low temperature specific heat in a magnetic field~\cite{Deguchi2004}.

However, basic questions concerning the primary source of the pairing remain controversial due to important discrepancies between theory and experiment, in spite of intense research work in the past almost two decades~\cite{Kallin2012,Maeno2012}. For example, the 2D model predicts an edge current in the superconducting state, which has not been demonstrated~\cite{Bjornsson2005,Kirtley2007}, although this also has been controversial~\cite{Maeno2012,Raghu2010a,Imai2012}. Very recently, Raghu $et$ $al$. suggested an alternative interesting possibility for the spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$~\cite{Raghu2010a,Raghu2012}, where the dominant superconducting instability in the triplet channel occurs on the quasi-1D $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands, hybridized from the Ru $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals. This model (quasi-1D model hereafter) predicts the absence of spontaneous supercurrents at sample edges, contrary to the single 2D band model. One expects an intrinsic anomalous Hall effect due to the multi-band nature of this model~\cite{Taylor2012}, which may explain the observation of nonzero Kerr effect~\cite{Xia2006}. On the other hand, the quasi-1D model would predict a suppression of spin density wave fluctuation at the superconducting transition point~\cite{Huo2013}, which has not been seen in neutron experiments by far~\cite{Braden2002}. Therefore, it is important to explore the possibilities for more experimental consequences within the 2D band or quasi-1D band models and to test the model against experiments.

In the single 2D band picture, a Cooper pair in the chiral $p$-wave state can be illustrated schematically in Fig.~\ref{cooper} (a), while its counterpart in the two quasi-1D band picture can be shown in Fig.~\ref{cooper} (b). It is highly demanding to distinguish the two possibilities by using available experimental probes. However, the fragile superconducting state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ does pose a challenge and restriction to experimental probes. For example, the low transition temperature with $T_c\approx 1.5$K is beyond the present technical limit of using the state-of-the-art angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy~\cite{Damascelli2003}. In order to pin down this controversial issue with currently available experiments, in this work we study the vortex phase of a chiral $p$-wave superconductor for both the 2D band and quasi-1D band scenarios. It is found that different models give rise to qualitatively distinguishable vortex states, a promising characteristic to identify the underlying superconducting nature of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.

\begin{figure}[htb!]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{c}
    \resizebox{0.9\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{single_band.eps}
        \put(3,70){\resizebox{70pt}{!}{{\color{green}(a)}}}
        \put(45,60){\resizebox{60pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{L}}$}}
        \put(22,60){\resizebox{45pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{d}}$}}
        \put(25,43){\resizebox{45pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{S}}$}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.9\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{two_band_model.eps}
        \put(3,70){\resizebox{70pt}{!}{{\color{green}(b)}}}
        \put(45,60){\resizebox{60pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{L}}$}}
        \put(22,60){\resizebox{45pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{d}}$}}
        \put(25,43){\resizebox{45pt}{!}{${\color{red}\vec{S}}$}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{cooper}(Color online) Schematic illustrations of a Cooper pair with spin $\vec{S}$ and orbital angular momentum $\vec{L}$ for a spin-triplet superconductor in the chiral state with $\vec{d}(\bm{k})$ formed in (a) the single band and (b) quasi-1D bands. In the former case, superconductivity is mainly from the $d_{xy}$ orbital, whereas the hybridization of $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals play a key role in the latter case. It is strongly desirable to distinguish these two scenarios.}
\end{figure}

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~\ref{sec:normal}, some basic properties of the Fermi surface in the normal state are studied. In Sec.~\ref{sec:super}, we construct the effective Hamiltonians based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory for two different models as a pedagogical procedure. In Sec.~\ref{sec:result}, the results with focus on experimental observables are presented. We note that the vortex state for the single-band chiral $p$-wave model has been studied in previous literature~\cite{Takigawa2001}. In the present work we use more realistic parameters for the purpose of direct comparison of two different models. Finally, a concluding remark is given in Sec.~\ref{sec:conclusion}.

\section{Property of normal state: Fermi surface}\label{sec:normal}
Before proceeding to the discussion of different superconducting model, we briefly discuss the topology of the Fermi surface in the normal state. As we will see later, the Fermi surfaces of different bands give rise to different signature corresponding to the superconducting state. We begin with the Hamiltonian in the $4d-t_{2g}$ orbital basis  of the Ru ions
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:ham}
  \hat{H}_{\bm{k}}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
    \xi_1(\bm{k}) & g(\bm{k}) & 0\\
    g(\bm{k}) & \xi_2(\bm{k}) & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & \xi_3(\bm{k})
  \end{array}\right),
\end{equation}
where $\xi_1(\bm{k})\!\!=\!\!-2t\cos k_x-\mu$, $\xi_2(\bm{k})\!\!=\!\!-2t\cos k_y-\mu$, $g(\bm{k})\!=\!-4t'\sin k_x\sin k_y$ and $\xi_3(\bm{k})\!=\!-2t_3(\cos k_x+\cos k_y)-4t_3'\cos k_x\cos k_y-\mu_3$. Here 1, 2, and 3 denote orbitals $xz$, $yz$, and $xy$, respectively. Hereafter we take $(t,t',t_3,t_3')=(1,0.1,0.8,0.35)$ for the hopping parameters, and $(\mu,\mu_3)$ are fine tuned such that the electron density for each band is equal to $4/3$ \cite{Kontani2008}. Note that this set of parameters can reproduce Fermi surface, whose shape agrees with that obtained in the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement above $T_c$ \cite{Damascelli2000}.

After diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in Eq.~\ref{eqn:ham}, the Fermi surface can be obtained, as shown in Fig.\ref{pair} (a). It is noted that the $\gamma$ band is almost isotropic in the two-dimensional plane, whereas the quasi-1D $\alpha,\beta$ bands show significant anisotropy. To further illustrate this point, we show the Fermi velocity $\vec{v}_F(\bm{k})$ in different bands in Fig.~\ref{pair} (b). We can see that the amplitude of $\vec{v}_F$ is maximized along the in-plane square lattice axis $a$ or $b$ for the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands, while it is almost isotropic for the $\gamma$ band.

In the subsequent sections related to the superconducting state, we will concentrate the discussion on the vortex state in order to provide a good test and the answer to the question in which band superconductivity takes place. As we will see later, the topology of Fermi surface is actually inherited in the superconducting state for which the band is predominant.

\begin{figure}[htb!]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{c}
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{fermi_surface.eps}
        \put(0,85){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(a)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{vf.eps}
        \put(0,85){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(b)}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{pair}(Color online) (a) Two-dimensional Fermi surface for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ in the normal state. (b) Fermi velocity $v_F(\bm{k})$ along the Fermi surface line. Here $\theta_F$ is the angle between the point $\bm{k}$ on the Fermi surface and $x$-axis, as indicated in the figure.}
\end{figure}
\section{Bogoliubov-de Gennes Theory of the Superconducting State}\label{sec:super}
\subsection{Single 2D band model}
First, we consider a single 2D band model based on the $d_{xy}$ orbital. In terms of the eigen-energy $E_\epsilon$ and the quasi-particle amplitudes $u^\epsilon_i$, $v^\epsilon_i$ at the $i$-th site, the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations are given by\cite{Takigawa2001}
\begin{eqnarray}
\sum_j\left[\begin{array}{cc}
  H_{ij}&\Delta_{ij}\\
  \Delta^\dag_{ij}&-H^*_{ij}
\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}
  u^\epsilon_j\\
  v^\epsilon_j
\end{array}\right]=E_\epsilon\left[\begin{array}{c}
  u^\epsilon_i\\
  v^\epsilon_i
\end{array}\right],
\end{eqnarray}
where $H_{ij}\!=\!-t_{ij}e^{i\varphi_{ij}}-\mu_3\delta_{i,j}$, and $\epsilon$ is an index of the eigenstate. The magnetic field is introduced through the Peierls phase factor $e^{i\varphi_{ij}}$ with $\varphi_{ij}=\frac{\pi}{\Phi_{0}}\int^{r_{i}}_{r_{j}}\mathbf{A(r)}\cdot d\mathbf{r}$, where $\bm{A}(\bm{r})=\frac{H}{2}(-y,x ,0)$ stands for the vector potential with magnetic field $H$ in the symmetric gauge and $\Phi_{0}=hc/2e$ is the superconducting flux quantum. Within this choice of gauge, the next-nearest vortices of the square-vortex lattice are located at the $45^\circ$ directions from the (100) direction. This vortex lattice configuration is suggested from the neutron-scattering experiment \cite{Riseman1998,Kealey2000,Takigawa2001}. We have $t_{ij}=t_3$ and $t_{ij}=t_3'$ for the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor hopping, respectively.
The self-consistent equation for the pairing potential is reduced to
\begin{equation}
  \Delta_{ij}=\frac{V}{2}\delta_{i,j\pm\hat{e}}\sum_{\epsilon}(u^{\epsilon}_{j} v^{\epsilon\ast}_{i}-v^{\epsilon\ast}_{j}u^{\epsilon}_{i})\tanh\frac{E_{\epsilon}}{2T},
\end{equation}
with $T$ the temperature. Here $\hat{e}=\hat{x},\hat{y}$, denoting the unit vector along the $x$ and $y$ direction, respectively. In this paper, we set $V=1.0$.

The pair potential at each site $i$ can be decomposed into $p_x$ and $p_y$ components as
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Delta_{p_x}(\bm{r}_i)&=&\frac{\Delta_{\hat{x},i}-\Delta_{-\hat{x},i}}{2},\\
  \Delta_{p_y}(\bm{r}_i)&=&\frac{\Delta_{\hat{y},i}-\Delta_{-\hat{y},i}}{2}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here we have denoted
\begin{equation}
  \Delta_{\hat{e},i}=\Delta_{i,i+\hat{e}}\exp\left[i\frac{\pi}{\Phi_0}\int_{\bm{r}_i}^{\frac{\bm{r}_i+\bm{r}_{i+\hat{e}}}{2}}\bm{A}(\bm{r})\cdot\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}\bm{r}\right].
\end{equation}
For $\sin p_x\pm i\sin p_y$-wave superconductivity, we can define the paring potential as $\Delta_\pm(\bm{r}_i)\equiv\Delta_{p_x}(\bm{r}_i)\pm i\Delta_{p_y}(\bm{r}_i)$.

\subsection{Quasi-1D model}
We start with an effective two-orbital Hamiltonian that takes into account of only the Ru $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals \cite{Raghu2010a,Taylor2012,Imai2012}. By assuming an effective attraction that causes the $p$-wave superconducting pairing, one can construct an effective model to study the vortex physics of the chiral $p$-wave superconductors in the mixed state. Here we ignore the on-site repulsion, which is not expected to change our conclusions qualitatively in the present problem.

After the mean-field decomposition, one arrives at the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations
\begin{multline}\label{eqn:bdg}
\sum_j\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
H_{ij,mm} & \Delta_{ij,mm} & H_{ij,mn} & 0 \\
\Delta^\dag_{ij,mm} & -H^{\ast}_{ij,mm} & 0 & -H^{\ast}_{ij,mn} \\
H_{ij,mn} & 0 & H_{ij,nn} & \Delta_{ij,nn} \\
0 & -H^{\ast}_{ij,mn} & \Delta^\dag_{ij,nn} & -H^{\ast}_{ij,nn}
\end{array}
\right) \\
\times\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
u^{\epsilon}_{j,m} \\
v^{\epsilon}_{j,m} \\
u^{\epsilon}_{j,n} \\
v^{\epsilon}_{j,n}
\end{array}
\right)= E_{\epsilon}\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
u^{\epsilon}_{i,m} \\
v^{\epsilon}_{i,m} \\
u^{\epsilon}_{i,n} \\
v^{\epsilon}_{i,n}
\end{array}
\right),
\end{multline}
where $H_{ij,\alpha\beta}=-e^{i\varphi_{ij}}t_{ij,\alpha\beta}-\delta_{ij}\delta_{\alpha\beta}\mu$, and $u^{\epsilon}_{j,m}$, $u^{\epsilon}_{j,n}$, $v^{\epsilon}_{j,m}$ and $v^{\epsilon}_{j,n}$ are the Bogoliubov quasiparticle amplitudes on the $j$-th site with corresponding eigenvalues $E_{\epsilon}$. Here $m$ and $n$ denote the $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals, respectively. The hopping integrals are chosen as
\begin{equation}
t_{ij,\alpha\beta}=\begin{cases}
t&\text{$\alpha=\beta=m(n),i=j\pm\hat{x}(\hat{y})$},\\
-t'&\text{$\alpha\neq\beta,i=j\pm(\hat{x}+\hat{y})$},\\
t'&\text{$\alpha\neq\beta,i=j\pm(\hat{x}-\hat{y})$},\\
0&\text{otherwise}.
\end{cases}
\end{equation}

The matrix elements in the off-diagonal terms of Eq.~\ref{eqn:bdg} are obtained through the following self-consistent equations,
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta_{ij,mm}=&&\frac{V}{2}\delta_{i,j\pm\hat{x}}\sum_{\epsilon}(u^{\epsilon}_{j,m} v^{\epsilon\ast}_{i,m}-v^{\epsilon\ast}_{j,m}u^{\epsilon}_{i,m})\tanh\frac{E_{\epsilon}}{2T},\nonumber\\
\Delta_{ij,nn}=&&\frac{V}{2}\delta_{i,j\pm\hat{y}}\sum_{\epsilon}(u^{\epsilon}_{j,n} v^{\epsilon\ast}_{i,n}-v^{\epsilon\ast}_{j,n}u^{\epsilon}_{i,n})\tanh\frac{E_{\epsilon}}{2T}.\nonumber \\
\end{eqnarray}

The orbital part of the order parameter can be decomposed as
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Delta_{p_x}(\bm{r}_i)&=&\frac{\Delta_{\hat{x},i}-\Delta_{-\hat{x},i}}{2},\\
  \Delta_{p_y}(\bm{r}_i)&=&\frac{\Delta_{\hat{y},i}-\Delta_{-\hat{y},i}}{2},
\end{eqnarray}
where we denote
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Delta_{\hat{x},i}&=&\Delta_{i,i+\hat{x},mm}\exp\left[i\frac{\pi}{\Phi_0}\int_{\bm{r}_i}^{\frac{\bm{r}_i+\bm{r}_{i+\hat{x}}}{2}}\bm{A}(\bm{r})\cdot\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}\bm{r}\right],\nonumber \\
  \Delta_{\hat{y},i}&=&\Delta_{i,i+\hat{y},nn}\exp\left[i\frac{\pi}{\Phi_0}\int_{\bm{r}_i}^{\frac{\bm{r}_i+\bm{r}_{i+\hat{y}}}{2}}\bm{A}(\bm{r})\cdot\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}\bm{r}\right].
\end{eqnarray}

For $\sin p_x\pm i\sin p_y$-wave superconductivity \footnote{It has been proposed that the order parameter in the quasi-1D model should assume a slightly different form, namely $\sin p_x\cos p_y\pm i\sin p_y\cos p_x$ \cite{Raghu2010a}. Nevertheless, we believe that most of our conclusions can be qualitatively applied to this case, too.}, we can define the paring potential as
\begin{equation}
  \Delta_\pm(\bm{r}_i)\equiv\Delta_{p_x}(\bm{r}_i)\pm i\Delta_{p_y}(\bm{r}_i).
\end{equation}
Without loss of generality, we restrict the calculations with $\Delta_+$ and $\Delta_-$ as the major and minor components of order parameters. Two types of vortices arise depending on the direction of the magnetic field insofar as the chirality is fixed \cite{Matsumoto2001}. In numerical computations, the unit cell with size $N_{x}\!\times\!N_{y}\!=\!33\!\times\!33$ and the number of such magnetic unit cells $M_{x}\!\times\!M_{y}\!=\!5\!\times\!5$ are used \cite{Wang1995}.

\subsection{Calculation of Experimental Observables}
In this subsection, we discuss the formalism for the local density of states and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in both models for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.  In the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) experiment, the tunneling conductance is proportional to the local density-of-states (LDOS) $N(E,\mathbf{r}_{i})$, which can be calculated as
\begin{multline}
N(E,\mathbf{r}_{i})=-\sum_{\epsilon}[|\mathcal{U}_{i}^{\epsilon}|^{2}f'(E_{\epsilon}-E)+|\mathcal{V}_{i}^{\epsilon}|^{2} f'(E_{\epsilon}+E)].
\end{multline}
where $f'(E)$ is the derivative of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function with respect to energy. Hereafter we denote
\begin{equation}
  \mathcal{U}_i^\epsilon=u_i^\epsilon,\quad\mathcal{V}_i^\epsilon=v_i^\epsilon
\end{equation}
for the single-band model, and
\begin{equation}
  \mathcal{U}_i^\epsilon=u^{\epsilon}_{i,m}+u^{\epsilon}_{i,n},\quad\mathcal{V}_i^\epsilon=v^{\epsilon}_{i,m}+v^{\epsilon}_{i,n}
\end{equation}
for the quasi-1D model.

In addition to the STM measurement, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is another related powerful method to identify distinct signatures predicted by different models. Generally speaking, this method is able to simultaneously shed light on the spatial profile of the zero-energy quasi-particles through the relaxation time $T_1$. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate we consider is given by~\cite{Takigawa1999,Jiang2011}

\begin{eqnarray}\label{eqn:nmr}
R(r_{i},r_{i'})=&&\textmd{Im}\chi_{+,-}(r_{i},r_{i'},i\Omega_{n}\rightarrow\Omega+i\eta)/(\Omega/T)|_{\Omega\rightarrow 0}\nonumber\\
=&&-\sum_{\epsilon,\epsilon'}\mathcal{U}^{\epsilon}_{i}\mathcal{U}^{\epsilon'\ast}_{i}[\mathcal{U}^{\epsilon}_{i'}\mathcal{U}^{\epsilon'\ast}_{i'}+\mathcal{V}^{\epsilon}_{i'}\mathcal{V}^{\epsilon'\ast}_{i'}]\nonumber\\
&&\times\pi T f'(E_{\epsilon})\delta(E_{\epsilon}-E_{\epsilon'}).
\end{eqnarray}
We choose $\textbf{r}_{i}=\textbf{r}_{i'}$ by considering that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation at a local site is dominant. Then the site-dependent relaxation time is given by $T_{1}(r)\!=\!1/R(r,r)$. Roughly speaking, $T_1$ is proportional to the integral of the LDOS within the energy range $0\!\leq\!E\!\leq\!T$. Therefore, the NMR experiment is also expected to provide important fingerprints for the two models.

\section{Results}\label{sec:result}
In this section, we will present results for the vortex states based on the two different models and basic methods discussed in the previous section.
\subsection{Vortex Structure}
To begin with, a general picture on the vortex structure for the superconducting order parameters for both models will be shown below. We will also show the spatial dependence of the pairing order parameter and LDOS at zero bias. While the former cannot be measured directly, the LDOS is an experimentally observable quantity in the STM measurement.

\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{cc}
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_minus_single_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(a)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_minus_single_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(b)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_plus_single_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(c)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_plus_single_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(d)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{dos_single_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(e)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{dos_single_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(f)}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{single}(Color online) Vortex lattice structure in a single band model. Left panels are for a negative vortex lattice, and right panels for a positive vortex lattice. Upper panels (a) and (b): Spatial distribution of the major component $|\Delta_+(\bm{r})|$; Middle panels (c) and (d): Spatial distribution of the admixed component $|\Delta_-(\bm{r})|$; Lower panels (e) and (f): LDOS $N(E\!=\!0,\bm{r})$. The size of a magnetic unit cell is $33\times33$.}
\end{figure}

First, we study the single band model and plot the order parameters as a function of position in a vortex lattice in Fig.~\ref{single}. Due to the broken time-reversal symmetry of the chiral $p$-wave state, there are two types of vortices depending on the direction of the magnetic field. However, the negative vortex with winding number opposite to the chirality is the stable state \cite{Heeb1999}. And as shown in Fig.~\ref{single}, the orientation of the square shape is different depending on the winding. In the negative or positive vortex case, the shape of $|\Delta_+|$ around the vortex core is nearly isotropic with minor anisotropy. However, the induced component $|\Delta_-|$ in both negative and positive vortex shows similar shapes, which extends along the $a$-axis. Finally, as shown in Fig.~\ref{single}(c) and (f) we also calculate the LDOS $N(E=0,\bm{r})$ which is related to the tunneling conductance at zero bias in the STM experiment. We can see that the LDOS comes to a peak around the vortex core, with slightly anisotropic extension along the (110) direction. This is because that the amplitude of Fermi velocity $v_F$ for the $\gamma$ band is almost isotropic with slight enhancement near the (110) direction, as shown in Fig.~\ref{pair} (b). Such features are qualitatively similar to previous results~\cite{Takigawa2001}.

\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{cc}
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_minus_multi_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(a)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_minus_multi_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(b)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_plus_multi_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(c)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{order_plus_multi_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(d)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{dos_multi_negative.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(e)}}
      \end{overpic}} &
    \resizebox{0.5\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{dos_multi_positive.eps}
        \put(10,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(f)}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{multi}(Color online) Vortex lattice structure in a two band model. Left panels are for a negative vortex lattice, and right panels for a positive vortex lattice. Upper panels (a) and (b): Spatial distribution of the major component $|\Delta_+(\bm{r})|$; Middle panels (c) and (d): Spatial distribution of the admixed component $|\Delta_-(\bm{r})|$; Lower panels (e) and (f): LDOS at zero bias $N(E\!=\!0,\bm{r})$. The size of a magnetic unit cell is $33\times33$.}
\end{figure}

Now we turn to the results for the quasi-1D model. Similar calculations as the single band case are performed with the corresponding results shown in Fig.~\ref{multi}. We find several qualitative differences resulting from a different models after careful comparison. First, in this model, the amplitude of the major component $\Delta_+(\bm{r})$ is not substantially suppressed at the vortex core, compared with the previous model. This can be seen from the density scale of Fig.~\ref{multi} (a) and (b) showing a variation from about 0.3 to 0.6, whereas the counterpart for the single band model in Fig.~\ref{single} (a) and (b) is from 0.1 to 0.5. Secondly, for the induced component $\Delta_-(\bm{r})$, its amplitude reaches a maximum at the vortex core. On the contrary, $|\Delta_-(\bm{r})|$ maximizes near the core along the $a$ or $b$ axis and shows a fourfold symmetry.

More importantly, one should pay attention to the LDOS at zero bias for this model. At a first glance, the shape of LDOS around the vortex resembles a rhombus ($\color{green}\diamondsuit$), with its vertices pointing along the $a$ or $b$ axis. Such a highly anisotropic structure is actually an indication of strong anisotropy for the angle-resolved Fermi velocity. This intuitive understanding is supported by our calculations showing that $|\vec{v}_F|$ in the normal state is maximized along the $a$ or $b$ axis for both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands in Fig.~\ref{pair} (b). As a result, the shape of the LDOS at zero bias, acting as a fingerprint of the active band where the superconductivity arises, can be used to distinguish the two different models in the STM measurement.

Moreover, we find that the peak feature at the vortex core is substantially smeared for the quasi-1D model (pay attention to the density scale of Fig.~\ref{multi} (e) and (f) in comparison with the single-band counterpart in Fig.~\ref{single} (e) and (f)). This property is unique for a quasi-1D model \cite{Takigawa2006}, and the underlying physics is the strong suppression of low-energy resonance in the vortex state of a quasi-1D model, which will be discussed in detail with more experimental signatures below.

\subsection{Signatures in STM and NMR Measurements}
After having a general perspective on the vortex structure for the two different models, below we would like to study and analyse the LDOS in detail. The energy dependence of LDOS can be directly probed by measuring the tunneling conductance with an appropriate voltage bias in the STM experiment. In Fig.~\ref{dos}, we show a comparison of the energy-resolved LDOS at various positions for the two models. In the single band model, we can see the LDOS at the core of the negative vortex has a peak at $E\!=\!0$, while the peak for the positive vortex is slightly higher than zero. This feature, qualitatively consistent with previous calculations, is due to different winding structures of the negative and positive vortices \cite{Takigawa2001}.

\begin{figure}[htb!]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{c}
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{density_of_state_single.eps}
        \put(5,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(a)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{density_of_state_multi.eps}
        \put(5,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(b)}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{dos}(Color online) LDOS $N(E,\bm{r})$ as a function of energy $E$ at various positions for (a) the single band model and (b) quasi-1D model. The bulk value is obtained in the absence of a magnetic field, whereas ``N core'' (``P core'') indicates the position at the negative (positive) vortex core. The temperature is about $0.3T_c$. }
\end{figure}

However, the situation is totally different in the quasi-1D model. Similar study on organic superconductors in a magnetic field \cite{Takigawa2006} indicates that vortices are strongly modified due to the quasi-1D nature of superconductivity. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that vortices in a quasi-1D superconductor do not possess low energy mid-gap excitations. This extraordinary property leads to the missing of mid-gap resonance peak in the energy dependence of LDOS at the vortex site. To see whether this conclusion can be applied to our quasi-1D model for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ or not, we also calculate the energy dependence of the LDOS at different positions in Fig.~\ref{dos} (b). It can be seen that the mid-gap resonance is also absent in the quasi-1D model we consider here. Nevertheless, we want to stress that this conclusion is valid only when the inter-orbital hopping amplitude $t'$ is small enough. On the contrary, if $t'$ is large enough, say $t'\!>\!0.4t$, we find that the mid-gap resonance will be present again, similar to the single band model.

Not only does the STM technique enable direct detection of the mid-gap excitations at the vortex core, but these excitations are also expected to be indicated in the NMR experiment. Now, we proceed to the discussion of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$, which can be calculated via Eq.~\ref{eqn:nmr}. For the single band model, from Fig.~\ref{nmr} (a) we can see that a residual relaxation rate shows up at the vortex core as the temperature approaches zero, making $T^{-1}_1$ deviates from the bulk value in the absence of a magnetic field by several orders of magnitude especially at low temperatures, consistent with previous calculations~\cite{Takigawa2002}. This huge deviation stems from the fact that the mid gap states of the vortex core contribute substantially to the relaxation rate, compared to the zero field case. Next, we turn to the quasi-1D scenario in Fig.~\ref{nmr} (b). Note that the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate at different positions is almost identical in the logarithmic scale. The only subtle difference between the bulk and the vortex core is that $T_1^{-1}$ is slightly enhanced at low temperatures in the vortex core, but the previous residual behavior is totally absent. This result is consistent with the previous discussions on the energy dependence of LDOS, which also show similar behaviors between the bulk and the vortex core.

\begin{figure}[htb!]\centering
  \begin{tabular}{c}
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{nmr_single.eps}
        \put(5,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(a)}}
      \end{overpic}} \\
    \resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
      \begin{overpic}{nmr_multi.eps}
        \put(5,80){\resizebox{25pt}{!}{(b)}}
      \end{overpic}}
  \end{tabular}
\caption{\label{nmr}(Color online) The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$ as a function of temperature $T$ at various positions for (a) a single band model and (b) a quasi-1D model. The bulk value is obtained in the absence of a magnetic field, whereas ``N core'' (``P core'') indicates the position at the negative (positive) vortex core.}
\end{figure}

For Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, the NMR measurement has been performed experimentally in the absence of a magnetic field down to 0.1K \cite{Ishida2000}. And we suggest that further experiment in an external field should be performed as a crucial test of the two candidate models.

\section{Summary and Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
We have studied the vortex state for a chiral $p$-wave superconductor based on a single 2D band and two quasi-1D band models, respectively. By comparing the two sets of results, we have found several distinctive characteristics in the vortex state derived from different models. Generally speaking, for the band structure of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ at the Fermi surface, the $\gamma$ band is more or less isotropic in the $x\!-\!y$ plane, whereas the quasi-1D $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands are highly anisotropic. Assuming  that superconductivity originates from either the $\gamma$ band or $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands, the vortex state does inherit distinguishable features from the active band(s). Firstly, the shape of the LDOS at zero bias in the quasi-1D model shows anisotropy in accordance with the analysis on the angle-resolved Fermi velocity for the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands. Secondly, the missing of the mid-gap resonance at the vortex core for this model leads to corresponding consequences in the energy dependence of LDOS and the temperature dependence of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$. All these specialities show sharp distinction compared with the counterparts in the single-band scenario. Consequently, the STM and NMR measurements in the vortex state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ are expected to be unambiguous experiments to answer the question which band the superconductivity resides in. Before concluding, we would like to mention that it has been recently proposed that this disputatious issue related to the orbital origin of superconductivity can be settled by detecting the Leggett-like collective modes \cite{Chung2012}.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank T. M. Rice for discussion. This work is partly in support by HK RGC GRF grant HKU10, and by NSFC grant number J20121499.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Natalia Mirimanova is a conflict resolution scholar-practitioner and has over twenty years of work experience in Russia, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Moldova, Ukraine, Western Balkans, Eastern Europe and Cyprus. Natalia received her Ph.D. from the Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, USA. Natalia served as a consultant for various international, national and local organizations. She advised UN mission in Cyprus and Tajikistan, OSCE Project Coordinator Office in Ukraine as well as the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, UNDP in Ukraine and others.
Natalia designed and facilitated dialogue processes in the post-civil war Tajikistan, between the opposition and the government in Kyrgyzstan, ethno-political groups in Crimea, political parties, local government and civil society in Russia, developed innovative dialogue formats between conflict parties, such as research dialogue of economists in the South Caucasus and Turkey and dialogue through joint media production between Armenian and Azerbaijani journalists, among many other conflict resolution processes and initiatives.
Natalia carried out numerous research projects, such as on the prospects for trade regulation across contested boundaries and 'peace dividend' of re-opening railways in the South Caucasus, assessed political economy of the private sector from the war zone in Eastern Ukraine, pursued policy research on the role of the European Union in building peace in the Eastern and Southern Neighborhood.
She is the founder and director of the Eurasia Peace Initiative.


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text:
Results by Title
21 books about Architects
Stefan Heym
Northwestern University Press, 2006
Library of Congress PR9110.9.H48A73 2006 | Dewey Decimal 823.914
Written between 1963 and 1966, when its publication would have proved to be political dynamite-and its author's undoing-this novel of political intrigue and personal betrayal takes readers into the German Democratic Republic in the late 1950s, shortly after Khruschev's "secret speech" denouncing Stalin and his methods brought about a "thaw" in the Soviet bloc and, with it, the release of many victims of Stalinist brutality. Among these is Daniel, a Communist exile from Hitler who has been accused of treachery while in Moscow and who now returns to Germany after years of imprisonment. A brilliant architect, he is taken on by his former colleague, Arnold Sundstrom, who was in exile in Moscow as well but somehow fared better. He is now in fact the chief architect for the World Peace Road being built by the GDR. In Daniel, Arnold's young wife Julia finds the key that will unlock the dark secret of her husband's success and of her own parents' deaths in Moscow-and will undermine the very foundation on which she has built her life. A novel of exquisite suspense, romance, and drama, The Architects is also a window on a harrowing period of history that its author experienced firsthand-and that readers would do well to remember today.
The Architects and the City: Holabird & Roche of Chicago, 1880-1918
Robert Bruegmann
Library of Congress NA737.H558B78 1997 | Dewey Decimal 720.92277311
Winner of the 1998 Spiro Kostof Book Award from the Society of Architectural Historians.
Chicago has always held a special fascination for those interested in architectural and urban history. For many, the defining moment occurred at the turn of the century when Chicago was booming and the world came to the city by the lake. But the story most often told in architectural history—the tale of single creative geniuses like Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan—does little to explain the birth of the everyday modern city, with its high-rise downtown, diverse neighborhoods, and sprawling suburbs. This book connects architectural history with urban history by looking at the work of a major architectural firm, Holabird & Roche. No firm in any large American city had a greater impact.
With projects that ranged from tombstones to skyscrapers, boiler rooms to entire industrial complexes, Holabird & Roche left an indelible stamp on the city of Chicago and, indeed, far beyond. In this volume, the first of two on Holabird & Roche and its successor, Holabird & Root, Robert Bruegmann traces the firm's history from its founding in 1880 to the end of the First World War. Incorporating meticulous research based on the extensive architectural holdings of the Chicago Historical Society, Bruegmann documents the firm's work from the boom years of the 1880s through the period of sustained growth and innovation after the turn of the century. In chapters devoted to topics as diverse as downtown commercial and retail development, business hotels, civic buildings, automobile showrooms, and suburban clubs and housing, Bruegmann creates a sustained historical narrative that considers the profound interdependence of architecture and modern urban life.
Architects of Globalism: Building a New World Order during WWII
Patrick J. Hearden
University of Arkansas Press, 2002
Library of Congress E813.H43 2002 | Dewey Decimal 327.73009045
Architects of Globalism provides the first comprehensive analysis of American Blueprints for the reconstruction of the world after the defeat of Hitler and his allies. Working closely with Roosevelt and Truman, State Department officials assumed primary responsibility for drafting these plans. Hearden shows that bitter rivalries frequently divided these officials, but that there was remarkable agreement among them on fundamental principles. These architects of globalism sought to create a liberal capitalist world system, in which foreign markets would absorb the surplus products of American farms and factories so that the United States would be able to maintain high levels of employment without further government intervention in the economy. Hearden shows these men contending with the vital issues of the day: decolonization and the dismantling of empires, relations with the Soviet Union, the formation of the United Nations, the economic reconstruction of war-torn countries, the forging of new relations with Germany and Japan, the twin problems of Palestine and petroleum. Based on extensive new research in primary sources — from policymakers' private letters and personal diaries to official correspondence — this exciting book documents the formation of the postwar world.
Architects of Little Rock: 1833-1950
Charles Witsell
Library of Congress In Process
Architects of Little Rock provides biographical and historical sketches of the architects working in Little Rock from 1830 to 1950. Thirty-five architects are profiled, including George R. Mann, Thomas Harding, Charles L. Thompson, Max. F. Mayer, Edwin B. Cromwell, George H. Wittenberg, Lawson L. Delony, and others. Readers will learn who these influential professionals were, where they came from, where they were educated, how they lived, what their families were like, how they participated in the life of the city, and what their buildings contributed to the city. Famous buildings, including the Historic Arkansas Museum, the Old State House, the Arkansas State Capitol, St. Andrews Cathedral, Little Rock City Hall, the Pulaski County Court House, Little Rock Central High School, and Robinson Auditorium are showcased, bringing attention to and encouraging appreciation of the city's historic buildings.
Published in collaboration with the Fay Jones School of Architecture.
Buckminster Fuller: Anthology for the Millennium
Edited by Thomas T. K. Zung
Southern Illinois University Press, 2014
Library of Congress TA140.F9B83 2014
Praise for the previous edition:
"In order to acquaint a new generation with Fuller, his former architectural partner, Zung, gathers selections [from Fuller's writings] on topics ranging from education and environment to engineering and the Lord's Prayer. Admirers of Fuller—such as actress Valerie Harper, author Arthur C. Clarke, and entrepreneur Steve Forbes—introduce each selection. Zung's anthology traces the development of Fuller's intellectual life and provides an excellent introduction for a new generation to the life and work of this brilliant thinker."—Publishers Weekly
"Stimulating and provocative. . . . Like a Francis Bacon charting the course for future generations to pursue, Fuller anticipates the need for the 'comprehensive designer,' who would be a 'synthesis of artist, inventor, mechanic, objective economist, and evolutionary strategist.' Such a [person], he says, would be an initiator of design, able to anticipate all of man's needs and provide new and advanced standards of living for a steadily increasing percentage of the world's population."—Chicago Tribune
Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner, Second Edition
Library of Congress NA737.B85H56 2009 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
2009 marks the centennial of the influential Plan of Chicago. Designed by Daniel H. Burnham, coauthored by Edward Bennett and produced in collaboration with the Commercial Club of Chicago, the forward-thinking plan proposed many of the city's most distinctive features, including its lakefront parks and roadways, the Magnificent Mile, and Navy Pier. As a result, by the time he died in 1912, Burnham was one of the most famous architects in America as well as an internationally renowned city planner. Thomas S. Hines's book is at once both a biography of Burnham and a vivid portrait of the birth and growth of an American city. In commemoration of the historic anniversary of Burnham's Plan, this edition of Burnham of Chicago includes a new introduction by American history scholar, Neil Harris.
"Indeed, the book as a whole is a model of the balanced portrait, sure of Burnham's importance but always conscious of his failings."—Paul Goldberger, New York Times Book Review
"In every sense this is the definitive biography."—Harry Weese, Chicago Tribune
"Professor Hines has written what may prove to be an epoch-making book in the study of American civilization."—Reyner Banham, Times Literary Supplement
Death in a Prairie House: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Murders
University of Wisconsin Press, 2008
Library of Congress NA737.W7D74 2007 | Dewey Decimal 364.15230977576
The most pivotal and yet least understood event of Frank Lloyd Wright's celebrated life involves the brutal murders in 1914 of seven adults and children dear to the architect and the destruction by fire of Taliesin, his landmark residence, near Spring Green, Wisconsin. Unaccountably, the details of that shocking crime have been largely ignored by Wright's legion of biographers—a historical and cultural gap that is finally addressed in William Drennan's exhaustively researched Death in a Prairie House: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Murders.
In response to the scandal generated by his open affair with the proto-feminist and free love advocate Mamah Borthwick Cheney, Wright had begun to build Taliesin as a refuge and "love cottage" for himself and his mistress (both married at the time to others).
Conceived as the apotheosis of Wright's prairie house style, the original Taliesin would stand in all its isolated glory for only a few months before the bloody slayings that rocked the nation and reduced the structure itself to a smoking hull.
Supplying both a gripping mystery story and an authoritative portrait of the artist as a young man, Drennan wades through the myths surrounding Wright and the massacre, casting fresh light on the formulation of Wright's architectural ideology and the cataclysmic effects that the Taliesin murders exerted on the fabled architect and on his subsequent designs.
Best Books for General Audiences, selected by the American Association of School Librarians, and Outstanding Book, selected by the Public Library Association
Robert McCarter
Reaktion Books, 2006
A cultural icon who defined the twentieth-century American landscape, Frank Lloyd Wright has been studied from what seems to be every possible angle. While many books focus on his works, torrid personal life, or both, few solely consider his professional persona, as a man enmeshed in a web of prominent public figures and political ideas. In this new biography, Robert McCarter distills Wright's life and work into a concise account that explores the beliefs and relationships so powerfully reflected in his architectural works.
McCarter examines here how Wright aspired to influence America's evolving democratic society by the challenges his buildings posed to traditional views of private and public space. He investigates Wright's relationships with key leaders of art, industry, and society, and how their views came to have concrete significance in Wright's work and writings. Wright argued that architecture should be the "background or framework" for daily life, not the "object," and McCarter dissects how and why he aspired to this and other ideals, such as his belief in the ethical duty of architects to improve society and culture.
A penetrating study of the foremost pioneer in modern architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright offers a fascinating biographical chronicle that reveals the principles and relationships at the base of Wright's production.
Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography
Meryle Secrest
Library of Congress NA737.W7S35 1998 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Meryle Secrest's Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography focuses on Wright's family history, personal adventures, and colorful friends and family. Secrest had unprecedented access to an archive of over one hundred thousand of Wright's letters, photographs, drawings, and books. She also interviewed surviving devotees, students, and relatives. The result is an explicit portrait of both the genius architect and the provocative con-man.
"Secrest seizes the themes most evocative of certain of our cultural myths, forging them into a coherent and emotionally plausible narrative."—New Republic
"An engaging narrative."—New York Times Book Review
"The real triumph of this biography . . . is the link it makes between Frank Lloyd Wright's personal life and his architecture."—The Economist
"Secrest's achievement is to etch Wright's character in sharp relief. . . . [She] presents Wright in his every guise."-Blair Kamin, Chicago Tribune
"An extremely engaging profile."—The Philadelphia Inquirer
"A spellbinding portrait."—Library Journal
"The best [biography] so far, a huge and definitive accumulation of fact."—Time
Frank Lloyd Wright and His Manner of Thought
Jerome Klinkowitz
Library of Congress NA737.W7K55 2014 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
An iconic figure in American culture, Frank Lloyd Wright is famous throughout the world. Although his achievements in architecture are stunning, it is his importance in cultural history, Jerome Klinkowitz contends, that makes Wright the object of such avid and continuing interest. Designing more than just buildings, Wright offered a concept for living that still influences how people conduct their lives today. Wright's innovations in architecture have been widely studied, but this is the most comprehensive and sustained treatment of his thought.
Klinkowitz presents a critical biography driven by the architect's own work and intellectual growth, focusing on the evolution of Wright's thinking and writings from his first public addresses in 1894 to his last essay in 1959. Did Wright reject all of Victorian thinking about the home, or do his attentions to a minister's sermon on "the house beautiful" deserve closer attention? Was Wright echoing the Transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson, or was he more in step with the philosophy of William James? Did he reject the Arts and Crafts movement, or repurpose its beliefs and practices for new times? And, what can be said of his deep dissatisfaction with architectural concepts of his own era, the dominant modernism that became the International Style? Even the strongest advocates of Frank Lloyd Wright have been puzzled by his objections to so much that characterized the twentieth century, from ideas for building to styles of living.
In Frank Lloyd Wright and His Manner of Thought, Klinkowitz, a widely published authority on twentieth-century literature, thought, and culture, examines the full extent of Wright's books, essays, and lectures to show how he emerged from the nineteenth century to anticipate the twenty-first.
Outstanding Book, selected by the American Association of School Librarians
Best Books for General Audiences, selected by the Public Library Reviewers
Frank Lloyd Wright and His New American Architecture
Bob Kann
Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2010
From boyhood adventures to the creation of visionary buildings like the Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd Wright and His New American Architecture chronicles the vibrant life of one of the world's most famous architects.
Wright's love of architecture was nurtured early on-from paintings of European cathedrals hung in his childhood room; to "Froebel Gifts" building blocks, which he crafted into crude structures; to long walks near the Wisconsin River, where his mother pointed out patterns and colors in nature. Wright also learned, from summers spent on his uncle's Spring Green farm, that adversity is part of life. And perhaps this helped him weather a life beset with both tragedy and triumph.
Wright's prolific career spanned more than 70 years, and he created more than 1,100 designs. Author Bob Kann brings readers into the eccentric stories behind some of Wright's landmark buildings. Find out about Wright's Oak Park home, known to locals as "the house with a tree growing through it;" the Robie House, which is shaped like a battleship; and Fallingwater, which is built on a waterfall. Learn how Wright successfully built the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo to withstand earthquakes, and how the Johnson Wax Building and Guggenheim Museum set new standards in institutional architecture.
Gropius: The Man Who Built the Bauhaus
Fiona MacCarthy
Harvard University Press, 2019
Library of Congress NA1088.G85M33 2019 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Fiona MacCarthy challenges the image of Walter Gropius as a doctrinaire architectural rationalist, bringing out the vision and courage that carried him through a politically hostile age. Approaching the Bauhaus founder from all angles, she offers a poignant personal story, one that reexamines the urges that drove Euro-American modernism as a whole.
Incidental Architect: William Thornton and the Cultural Life of Early Washington, D.C., 1794–1828
Gordon S. Brown
Ohio University Press, 2009
Library of Congress NA737.T47B76 2009 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
While the majority of scholarship on early Washington focuses on its political and physical development, in Incidental ArchitectGordon S. Brown describes the intellectual and social scene of the 1790s and early 1800s through the lives of a prominent couple whose cultural aspirations served as both model and mirror for the city's own.
When William and Anna Maria Thornton arrived in Washington, D.C., in 1794, the new nation's capital was little more than a raw village. The Edinburgh–educated Thornton and his accomplished wife brought with them the values of the Scottish Enlightenment, an enthusiasm for the arts, and a polished urbanity that was lacking in the little city emerging from the swamps along the Potomac. Thornton's talents were manifold: He is perhaps best known as the original architect of the Capitol building, but he also served as a city commissioner and as director of the Patent Office, where his own experimentation in steam navigation embroiled him in a long-running dispute with inventor Robert Fulton.
In spite of their general preoccupation with politics and real estate development, Washington's citizens gradually created a network of cultural institutions—theaters, libraries and booksellers, music venues, churches, schools, and even colleges and intellectual associations—that began to satisfy their aspirations.
Incidental Architect is a fascinating account of how the city's cultural and social institutions were shaped by its earliest citizens.
Iowa's Historic Architects: A Biographical Dictionary
Wesley I. Shank
University of Iowa Press, 1998
Library of Congress NA730.I8S53 1999 | Dewey Decimal 720.922777
Who were Iowa's historic architects? In this extensively researched dictionary, Wesley Shank answers that question by providing biographies of more than two hundred architects who practiced in Iowa before 1950 and who maintained an office in the state for at least part of their careers.
Among the prominent Iowa architects of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were a remarkable few who had little training in architecture; their natural talents and their capacity for hard work made up for their lack of experience. Beginning in 1927, however, an Iowa architect had to meet state requirements of experience and training in order to practice. Shank includes an introduction to the history of the profession in Iowa: the development of professional education and training, the founding of professional societies and their roles, the different personalities and talents of the architects, the demography of architectural offices in the state, and the relative importance of Iowa architects both statewide and nationally.
For each architect Shank has gathered as much personal and professional information as possible: dates and places of birth and death; parents, spouses, and children; education and professional training; personality and competency; when and where they practiced, with whom, and when their partnerships began and ended; what roles they played in their communities and their profession; and the representative buildings they designed.
As a reflection of both national and state history, Iowa's Historic Architects will be valuable to professionals in the fields of architecture, American history, and historic preservation as well as to general readers.
Josef Frank: Life and Work
Christopher Long
Library of Congress NA1011.5.F7L66 2002 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Architect, designer, and theorist Josef Frank (1885-1967) was known throughout Europe in the 1920s as one of the continent's leading modernists. Yet despite his important contributions to the development of modernism, Frank has been largely excluded from histories of the movement. Josef Frank: Life and Work is the first study that comprehensively explores the life, ideas, and designs of this complex and controversial figure.
Educated in Vienna just after the turn of the century, Frank became the leader of the younger generation of architects in Austria after the First World War. But Frank fell from grace when he emerged as a forceful critic of the extremes of modern architecture and design during the early 1930s. Dismissing the demands for a unified modern style, Frank insisted that it was pluralism, not uniformity, that most characterized life in the new machine age. He called instead for a more humane modernism, one that responded to people's everyday needs and left room for sentimentality and historical influences. He was able to put these ideas into practice when, in 1933, he was forced to leave Vienna for Sweden. There his work came to define Swedish (or Scandinavian) modern design. For more than thirty years he was the chief designer for the Stockholm furnishings firm Svenskt Tenn, producing colorful, cozy, and eclectic designs that provided a refreshing alternative to the architectural mainstream of the day and presaged the coming revolt against modernism in the 1960s.
In this sensitive study of one of the twentieth century's seminal architects and thinkers, Christopher Long offers new insight into Josef Frank's work and ideas and provides an important contribution to the understanding of modernist culture and its history.
Le Corbusier's Formative Years: Charles-Edouard Jeanneret at La Chaux-de-Fonds
Library of Congress NA1053.J4B76 1997 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
In Le Corbusier's Formative Years we learn what made Le Corbusier the person, and the designer that he was. Using twenty years of research, H. Allen Brooks has unearthed an incredible wealth of documents that show every facet of the formative years of this influential architect.
"There is much in this fine volume for anyone interested not just in architecture, but in the roots of human creativity and in the origins of the most powerful artistic current of our century. . . . This book is a life's work of scholarship. It has been well spent."—Toronto Globe and Mail
Mies van der Rohe: A Critical Biography
Franz Schulze
Library of Congress NA1088.M65S38 1985 | Dewey Decimal 720.924
Mies van der Rohe: A Critical Biography is a major rewriting and expansion of Franz Schulze's acclaimed 1985 biography, the first full treatment of the master German-American modern architect. Coauthored with architect Edward Windhorst, this revised edition, three times the length of the original text, features extensive new research and commentary and draws on the best recent work of American and German scholars. The authors' major new discoveries include the massive transcript of the early-1950s Farnsworth House court case, which discloses for the first time the facts about Mies's epic battle with his client Edith Farnsworth. Giving voice to dozens of architects who knew and worked with (and sometimes against) Mies, this comprehensive biography tells the compelling story of how Mies and his students and followers created some of the most significant buildings of the twentieth century.
"Franz Schulze's 1985 biography of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe has always been acknowledged as the most comprehensive and thoughtful biography of one of the key figures in twentieth-century architecture. This revised edition with significant new scholarship by its two authors will undoubtedly come to occupy the same position."—Dietrich Neumann, Brown University
Mies van der Rohe: A Critical Biography, New and Revised Edition
Franz Schulze and Edward Windhorst
Library of Congress NA1088.M65S38 2012 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Philip Johnson: Life and Work
Library of Congress NA737.J6S38 1996 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
In this critically acclaimed biography, Franz Schulze probes the private and professional life of one of the most famous architects and architectural critics of the twentieth century.
The only child of a wealthy Midwestern family, Philip Johnson was a millionaire by the time he graduated from Harvard, and in 1932 he helped stage the historic International Style exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. A patron of the arts and a political activists who flirted with the politics of Hitler, Huey Long, and Father Coughlin, he went on to create controversial and historical structures such as the Glass House, the Roofless Church, the AT & T Building, the Crystal Cathedral, and many more. Johnson's personal charms paired with his manipulative ploys—like his "borrowing" of designs—shine through in this biography.
Drawing on Johnson's correspondence, personal photographs, and speeches, and on interviews with his friends and contemporaries, Schulze fills the biography with fascinating information on the architect's family, travels, friends and lovers, and his many buildings and spaces themselves.
Franz Schulze is a professor of art at Lake Forest College. He is the author of Fantastic Images: Chicago Art since 1945, One Hundred Years of Chicago Architecture, and Mies van der Rohe: A Critical Biography.
Shadow Patterns: Reflections on Fay Jones and His Architecture
Jeff Shannon
Library of Congress NA737.J64S533 2017 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Winner, 2017 Ned Shank Award for Outstanding Preservation Publication from Preserve Arkansas
Shadow Patterns: Reflections on Fay Jones and His Architecture is a collection of critical essays and personal accounts of the man the American Institute of Architects honored with its highest award, the Gold Medal, in 1990.
The essays range from the academic, with appreciations and observations by Juhanni Palaasma and Robert McCarter and Ethel Goodstein-Murphree, to personal reflections by clients and friends. Two of Arkansas's most accomplished writers, Roy Reed and Ellen Gilchrist, who each live in Fay Jones houses, have provided intimate portrayals of what it's like to live in, and manage the quirks of, a "house built by a genius," where "light is everywhere. . . . Everything is quiet, and everything is a surprise," as Gilchrist says.
Through this compendium of perspectives, readers will learn about Jones's personal qualities, including his strong will, his ability to convince other people of the rightness of his ideas, and yet his willingness, at times, to change his mind. We also enter into the work: powerful architecture like Stoneflower and Thorncrown Chapel and Pinecote Pavilion, along with private residences ranging from the modest to the monumental. And we learn about his relationship with his mentor, Frank Lloyd Wright.
Shadow Patterns broadens and enriches our understanding of this major figure in American architecture of the twentieth century.
Walter Netsch: A Critical Appreciation and Sourcebook
Russell T. Northwestern University Library
Library of Congress NA737.N38W35 2008 | Dewey Decimal 720.92
Northwestern University Library presents the first monograph devoted to the architect Walter Netsch, an early partner in Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and chief designer of prestigious commissions, including the U.S. Air Force Academy and Cadet Chapel. This illustrated book includes a detailed chronology, biography, essays about his work and field theory design aesthetics, statements by Netsch from 1954 to 2006, and a comprehensive, annotated bibliography of more than four hundred primary and secondary sources.
The Architects and the City
Holabird & Roche of Chicago, 1880-1918
Architects of Globalism
Building a New World Order during WWII
Architects of Little Rock
Buckminster Fuller
Anthology for the Millennium
Burnham of Chicago
Architect and Planner, Second Edition
Death in a Prairie House
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Murders
Gropius
The Man Who Built the Bauhaus
Incidental Architect
William Thornton and the Cultural Life of Early Washington, D.C., 1794–1828
Iowa's Historic Architects
A Biographical Dictionary
Life and Work
Le Corbusier's Formative Years
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret at La Chaux-de-Fonds
A Critical Biography, New and Revised Edition
Shadow Patterns
Reflections on Fay Jones and His Architecture
Walter Netsch
A Critical Appreciation and Sourcebook

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Repository;

use Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository;

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

/**
 * Description of GroupRepository
 *
 * @author luis miguens
 */
class TpurchaseRepository extends EntityRepository {

    /**
     *
     * @param type $params
     * @return type
     */

    public function findPurchasesByBroker($params) {

        $qb = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder();
        $qb->select('p')->from('AppBundle:Tpurchase', 'p');

        if (array_key_exists('brokerId', $params)) {
            $qb->join('p.agency', 'a', 'WITH', 'p.agency= a.fagencyid');
            $qb->join('a.broker', 'b', 'WITH', 'b.id= a.broker');

            $qb->andWhere('b.id = ?1');
            $qb->setParameter(1, $params['brokerId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('startDate', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fpurchasedate > ?2');
            $qb->setParameter(2, $params['startDate']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('endDate', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fpurchasedate < ?3');
            $qb->setParameter(3, $params['endDate']);
        }

        $qb->orderBy('p.fpurchasedate', 'desc');
        return $qb->getQuery()->getResult();
    }

    //FP
    public function findPurchaseByFilter($params) {

        //echo "params : ". $params;

        $qb = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder();
        $qb->select('p')->from('AppBundle:Tpurchase', 'p');
        $qb->join('p.agency', 'a', 'WITH', 'p.agency=a.fagencyid');
        $qb->join('a.subgroup', 's', 'WITH', 'a.subgroup=s.fsubgroupid');
        $qb->join('s.group', 'g', 'WITH', 's.group = g.fgroupid');

        if (array_key_exists('agencyId', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('a.fagencyid = ?1');
            $qb->setParameter(1, $params['agencyId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('s.fsubgroupid = ?2');
            $qb->setParameter(2, $params['subgroupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('g.fgroupid = ?3');
            $qb->setParameter(3, $params['groupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('contractNumber', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fcontractnumber = ?4');
            $qb->setParameter(4, $params['contractNumber']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('startDate', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fpurchasedate >= ?5');
            $qb->setParameter(5, $params['startDate']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('endDate', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fpurchasedate <= ?6');
            $qb->setParameter(6, $params['endDate']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('status', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fstatus = ?7');
            $qb->setParameter(7, $params['status']);
        }

        $qb->orderBy('p.fpurchasedate', 'desc');

        //echo $qb->getQuery()->getSQL();

        return $qb->getQuery()->getResult();
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param type $params
     * @return type
     */
    public function findByFilter($params) {

        //FP
        // 1 - p -> TPurchase (Has FAgencyID)
        // 2 - a -> TAgency (has FSubgroupID)
        // 3 - s -> TSubgroup (Has FGroupID)

        $qb = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder();
        $qb->select('p')->from('AppBundle:Tpurchase', 'p');

//        $qb->andWhere('p.agency = ?1');
//        $qb->setParameter(1, 125);

        $qb->join('p.agency', 'a', 'WITH', 'p.agency=a.fagencyid');
        $qb->join('a.subgroup', 's', 'WITH', 'a.subgroup=s.fsubgroupid');
        $qb->join('s.group', 'g', 'WITH', 's.group = g.fgroupid');

        $qb->andWhere('p.fcalcamount >= ?1');
        $qb->setParameter(1, 20);

        if (array_key_exists('agency', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.agency = ?2');
            $qb->setParameter(2, $params['agency']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('s.fsubgroupid = ?3');
            $qb->setParameter(3, $params['subgroupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('g.fgroupid = ?4');
            $qb->setParameter(4, $params['groupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('fcontractnumber', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fcontractnumber = ?5');
            $qb->setParameter(5, $params['fcontractnumber']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('fstatus', $params)) {
            $qb->andWhere('p.fstatus = ?6');
            $qb->setParameter(6, $params['fstatus']);
        }

        $qb->orderBy('p.fpurchasedate', 'desc');

        return $qb->getQuery()->getResult();
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param type $params
     * @return type
     */
    public function findPurchasesForPaymentForecasts() {

        $qb = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder();
        $qb->select('p')->from('AppBundle:Tpurchase', 'p');

        $qb->andWhere('p.fcalcamount >= ?1');
        $qb->setParameter(1, 20);
        $qb->andWhere('p.fstatus = ?2');
        $qb->setParameter(2, 1);

        //$qb->orderBy('p.fpurchasedate', 'desc');

        return $qb->getQuery()->getResult();
    }

    /**
     *
     * @return type
     */
    //SELECT SUM(value_evo_payments) AS total, year(date) as year, month(date) as month
    //FROM payment_forecasts
    //WHERE date >= '2018-01-01' AND date < '2018-06-01'
    //GROUP BY year, month
    //ORDER BY year, month;

    public function findPaymentForecastsByMonth($search) {
        $qb = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder();
        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        $sql = 'SELECT SUM(p.valueEvoPayments) AS total, year(p.date) as year, month(p.date) as month '
                . 'FROM AppBundle:PaymentForecasts p '
                . 'JOIN AppBundle:Tagency a ' //FP
                . 'WITH p.agencyId = a.fagencyid '
                . 'WHERE p.date >= ?1 AND p.date <= ?2 ';

        //???????????????????????
        //CAMPOS OPCIONAIS DA QUERY
        if (array_key_exists('agencyId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.agencyId = ?3 ';
        }
        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.subgroupId = ?4 ';
        }
        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.groupId = ?5 ';
        }

        //FP
        if (array_key_exists('taxIdNumber', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND a.ftaxidnumber = ?6 ';
        }

        $sql .= 'GROUP BY year, month '
                . 'ORDER BY year, month ';

        $query = $em->createQuery($sql);
        $query->setParameter(1, $search['startDate']);
        $query->setParameter(2, $search['endDate']);

        if (array_key_exists('agencyId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(3, $search['agencyId']);
        }
        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(4, $search['subgroupId']);
        }
        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(5, $search['groupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('taxIdNumber', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(6, $search['taxIdNumber']);
        }

        return $query->getResult();
    }

    //SELECT SUM(value_evo_payments) AS total, CONCAT(date, ' - ', date + INTERVAL 6 DAY) AS week FROM payment_forecasts GROUP BY WEEK(date) ORDER BY WEEK(date)

    /**
     *
     * @return type
     */
    public function findPaymentForecastsByWeek($search) {
        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        //CRIAR A QUERY
        $sql = 'SELECT SUM(p.valueEvoPayments) AS total, WEEK(p.date, 3) as week, year(p.date) as year '
                . 'FROM AppBundle:PaymentForecasts p '
                . 'JOIN AppBundle:Tagency a ' //FP
                . 'WITH p.agencyId = a.fagencyid '
                . 'WHERE p.date >= ?1 AND p.date <= ?2 ';

        //CAMPOS OPCIONAIS DA QUERY
        if (array_key_exists('agencyId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.agencyId = ?3 ';
        }
        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.subgroupId = ?4 ';
        }
        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND p.groupId = ?5 ';
        }
        //FP
        if (array_key_exists('taxIdNumber', $search)) {
            $sql .= 'AND a.ftaxidnumber = ?6 ';
        }

        $sql .= 'GROUP BY year, week '
                . 'ORDER BY year, week ';

        $query = $em->createQuery($sql);
        $query->setParameter(1, $search['startDate']);
        $query->setParameter(2, $search['endDate']);

        if (array_key_exists('agencyId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(3, $search['agencyId']);
        }
        if (array_key_exists('subgroupId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(4, $search['subgroupId']);
        }
        if (array_key_exists('groupId', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(5, $search['groupId']);
        }

        if (array_key_exists('taxIdNumber', $search)) {
            $query->setParameter(6, $search['taxIdNumber']);
        }

        return $query->getResult();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Yoldiidae је породица малих до средњих слановодних, морских шкољки из реда Nuculanoida.

Родови и врсте
Родови и врсте из породице Yoldiidae:

 Megayoldia
 Megayoldia martyria
 Megayoldia montereyensis
 Megayoldia thraciaeformis
 Microgloma Saunders & Allen, 1973
 Microgloma pusilla (Jeffreys, 1879)
 Microgloma turnerae
 Microgloma yongei
 Portlandia
 Portlandia aestuariorum
 Portlandia arctica
 Portlandia beringii
 Portlandia dalli
 Portlandia fraterna
 Portlandia frigida
 Portlandia glacialis
 Portlandia inconspicua
 Portlandia inflata
 Portlandia intermedia
 Portlandia iris
 Portlandia jeffreysi
 Portlandia lenticula
 Portlandia lucida
 Portlandia minuscula
 Portlandia sericea
 Portlandia subangulata
 Portlandia tamara
 Yoldia Möller, 1842
 Yoldia amygdalea
 Yoldia beringiana
 Yoldia cooperii
 Yoldia excavata
 Yoldia glacialis
 Yoldia hyperborea
 Yoldia limatula (Say, 1831)
 Yoldia martyria
 Yoldia micrometrica
 Yoldia montereyensis
 Yoldia myalis (Couthouy, 1838)
 Yoldia regularis
 Yoldia sapotilla (Gould, 1841)
 Yoldia scissurata
 Yoldia secunda
 Yoldia seminuda
 Yoldia solenoides
 Yoldia thraciaeformis Storer, 1838
 Yoldiella
 Yoldiella cecinella
 Yoldiella curta
 Yoldiella dicella
 Yoldiella dissimilis
 Yoldiella expansa
 Yoldiella fraterna
 Yoldiella frigida
 Yoldiella inconspicua
 Yoldiella inflata
 Yoldiella insculpta
 Yoldiella intermedia
 Yoldiella iris
 Yoldiella jeffreysi
 Yoldiella lenticula
 Yoldiella lucida
 Yoldiella nana
 Yoldiella oleacina
 Yoldiella orcia
 Yoldiella philippiana
 Yoldiella profundorum
 Yoldiella propinqua
 Yoldiella pusilla
 Yoldiella sanesia
 Yoldiella siliqua
 Yoldiella striolata
 Yoldiella subaequilatera
 Yoldiella subangulata

Референце

Породице шкољки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
How Uganda's anti-homosexuality Bill poses severe threat to human rights of LGBT community
Human Rights News
KAMPALA – Uganda is facing a serious threat to human rights and the HIV response with the announcement of plans to introduce legislation that will impose the death penalty on people found to have had sex with a member of their own sex or to have "promoted" homosexuality.
The Ugandan Minister of Ethics and Integrity, Simon Lokodo, announced the plans on Thursday, 10 October, arguing that "homosexuality is not natural to Ugandans" and that stiffer penalties are needed to prevent the "recruitment" of young people into homosexuality. He asserted that the legislation has the support of President Yoweri Museveni.
The bill is an expansion of a previous one that was passed five years ago and subsequently invalidated on a technicality. The latest bill would extend penalties to "promotion" of homosexuality, broadening the scope to target human rights and health advocates for the LGBT community.
The proposed legislation is contrary to Uganda's National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan which aims to achieve "zero discrimination" and to "institute and strengthen anti-stigma and discrimination programmes", with particular attention to the needs of key populations, such as men who have sex with men.
We know from experience how devastating stigma and discrimination can be for the most marginalized people. Around the time of the announcement of the legislation, Brian Wasswa, a member of the Ugandan LGBT community, was brutally attacked and murdered – he is one of four community members who have been attacked in the past three months.
Top African scientists have definitively debunked that homosexuality is unnatural in Uganda and that people can be recruited to become LGBT. According to a 2015 report published by the Academy of Science of South Africa, as well as the Uganda National Academy of Sciences, "there is substantial biological evidence for the diversity of human sexualities and for sexual orientations in particular".
As scientists who are active members of the African Governing Council of the International AIDS Society, we urge Uganda to ground its laws and policies in science rather than prejudice.
Criminalizing LGBT people and other key populations is utterly incompatible with the mandates of an effective HIV response. In 2018, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers and transgender people, together with their partners, accounted for a majority of new HIV infections, underscoring the need for governments to work with, not against, these communities who are most vulnerable to HIV.
We are encouraged that the office of the President has denied plans to re-submit the bill. We ask the government to openly condemn all forms of violence and discrimination against LGBT people, conduct a thorough and expedited investigation into these recent killings, and aggressively prosecute all persons involved in inciting violence towards LGBT people. We urge the Government of Uganda to join Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique and South Africa in unshackling our continent from discrimination by decriminalizing same-sex activity. International Aids Society
Tagged:#Simon Lokodo#Uganda bill#Uganda National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan
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The Hanor Company of Wisconsin is facing a lawsuit for failing to report releases of hazardous amounts of ammonia from one of its massive North Carolina pig factory farms. The Humane Society of the United States and Sound Rivers, Inc. filed the lawsuit on behalf of the facility's neighbors.
To protect the public, the federal Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act requires large-scale emitters of ammonia and other dangerous chemicals to report those releases to state and local authorities.
Hanor's North Carolina facility confines more than 8,000 pigs, generating about 38,000 gallons of manure and urine every day and emitting thousands of pounds of ammonia every month. Although required to report these ammonia emissions, the company apparently never has during the last five years.
Hanor is part of Triumph Foods, which collectively confines the second largest population of sows in the U.S. None of the Triumph companies have committed to phasing out the confinement of sows in gestation crates —a cruel practice that prevents pigs from even turning around for most of their lives.
The HSUS and Sound Rivers are represented by James L. Conner, II of Calhoun, Bhella & Sechrest, LLP in Durham, N.C., Daniel C. Snyder of the Law Offices of Charles M. Tebbutt, P.C. and lawyers with the HSUS animal protection litigation section.
Animal agriculture is one of the nation's leading sources of ammonia emissions. According to the EPA, ammonia is an "extremely hazardous" substance. It can cause serious health problems in people and animals, including burning and scarring the respiratory tract, reflex throat closure, loss of consciousness and even death. Ammonia also harms the environment by impairing air and water quality, endangering wildlife and the habitat on which they depend, and threatening farm animal health.
Across the U.S., an estimated 20,000 factory farms confine billions of chickens, hogs and other animals and emit tons of noxious air pollution, including ammonia, as well as hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, methane and particulate matter.


text:
Filter What You Hear With These New Earbuds
You just bought a new pair of wireless headphones?
By Tucker Bowe
In April 2016, Doppler Labs handed prototypes of their active noise-listening earbuds, named Here Active Listening, to Coachella festival-goers. The twist: these earbuds didn't play audio. Instead, they worked like a hearing aid, amplifying and attenuating the sounds for the listener. Through an accompanying app, users were able to filter out what they did and didn't want to hear. Here Active Listening earbuds have received all sorts of accolades, including SXSW's Best of Show, Time Magazine's Best Inventions of the Year and Best in Product Design from Cannes Lions.
Today, Doppler Labs is announcing another flagship product, the Here One, which the company dubs "the first all-in-one wireless listening system."
The Here One system consists of two wireless earbuds and a connected app. They work like traditional wireless headphones, allowing wearers to stream music along with making and answering phone calls. The Here One system also connects to a number of virtual assistants, like Siri, Google Now, Alexa or Cortana. Essentially, it combines the abilities of your smartphone with the technology of wireless earbuds, which is a very new tech feature in mainstream audio; for example, Samsung only recently unveiled the IconX, the first pair of truly wireless earbuds produced by a major manufacturer.
However, the Here One system separates itself by utilizing the same technology as Doppler's Here Active Listening — wearers can isolate specific frequencies (via the compatible mobile app) and adjust their volumes. This means that listeners can hear (or not hear) their surroundings and stream audio simultaneously. If you're at a sporting event, Here One enables you to listen to both radio commentary and the live action from the stands. If you're commuting via bike, it allows you to listen to music and nearby cars. And for concert-goers, Here One helps you experience live music without the damaging affects of hearing really, really loud music.
Starting today, you can pre-order Here One for $299 (US only, international shipping coming soon). They will start shipping and be available for purchase at retailers this November.
Pre-Order Now: $299
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text:
Bayonne to Launch New Commuter Ferry Service to NYC
The Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved a lease with the City of Bayonne for a parcel of property at the Port Jersey–Port Authority Marine Terminal, formerly the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne, that will allow Bayonne to launch a new commuter ferry service to New York City to enhance trans-Hudson commuting options for its growing residential population.
At its monthly meeting, the Board approved a 10-year $2.6 million lease with the City. The Board also approved a 10-year extension option for the property, subject to the Port Authority's consent.
The lease will allow the City of Bayonne to enter into an operating agreement with a passenger ferry operator in support of ferry service between Bayonne and New York City. The service is expected to serve The Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor, a growing residential development located near the planned ferry landing. The City will operate and maintain the ferry landing.
"Expanding options for the growing population of commuters along the Hudson River waterfront is a critical part of this agency's commitment to keep the region moving," said Port Authority Chairman Kevin O'Toole. "Today's action will allow us to take an underutilized piece of port property and partner with the City of Bayonne to support much needed trans-Hudson service connecting people to their jobs, families and homes."
"This lease is in line with our recently completed Port Master Plan, which looks to maximize existing port property to allow for the efficient movement of people and goods over the next 30 years," said Port Authority Vice Chairman Jeffrey Lynford. "This lease will not impact existing or future seaport operations but will allow us to work hand-in-hand with an important host community to improve transportation options for its residents."
"We are very excited about the return of ferry service to Bayonne," said Bayonne Mayor Jimmy Davis. "The ferry will provide a convenient commute between Bayonne and New York City, and will make Bayonne a more attractive location for commuters. The return of ferry service is yet another sign that Bayonne is making great progress."
The new ferry facility is expected to benefit The Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor residential development, which has 750 residential units constructed, 1,200 units under construction and an additional 2,500 units planned. In total, the City of Bayonne projects upwards of 4,000 plus residential units completed within the next three years.
Port Jersey–Port Authority Marine Terminal
Port Authority Prepared for More Than 7 Million Labor Day Weekend Travelers
COVID-19's Impact on Travel and Transportation
Port Authority Prepared to Accommodate Nearly 6-M Travelers During 2017 Memorial Day Weekend