text:
// Copyright 2013, Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Author: api.anash@gmail.com (Anash P. Oommen)

using Google.Api.Ads.Common.Logging;
using Google.Api.Ads.Common.Util;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net;
using System.Web;

namespace Google.Api.Ads.Common.Lib {

  ///
  /// Provides OAuth authorization mechanism for Ads services when using Web and
  /// installed application flows.
  ///
  public class OAuth2ProviderForApplications : OAuth2ProviderBase,
      AdsOAuthProviderForApplications {

    ///
    /// The OAuth2 endpoint for revoking a refresh token programmatically.
    ///
    private string REVOKE_ENDPOINT = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/revoke";

    ///
    /// The OAuth2 redirect url to be used if your application is a desktop
    /// application. To use this url, your client should be registered as an
    /// installed application on the
    /// API console.
    ///
    public const string OFFLINE_REDIRECT_URL = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob";

    ///
    /// Determines if the Google OAuth 2.0 endpoint returns an authorization
    /// code.
    ///
    private const string RESPONSE_TYPE = "code";

    ///
    /// Indicates if your application needs to access APIs when the user is not
    /// present at the browser. This is defaulted to true.
    ///
    private bool isOffline = true;

    ///
    /// Indicates if your application needs to access APIs when the user is not
    /// present at the browser. This is defaulted to true.
    ///
    public bool IsOffline {
      get {
        return isOffline;
      }
      set {
        isOffline = value;
      }
    }

    ///
    /// Gets or sets where the url where the response is sent. This should be a
    /// registered redirect uri on the
    /// API console.
    ///
    public string RedirectUri {
      get {
        return config.OAuth2RedirectUri;
      }
      set {
        config.OAuth2RedirectUri = value;
      }
    }

    ///
    /// Initializes a new instance of the OAuth2ProviderForApplications class.
    ///
    /// <param name="config">The config.</param>
    public OAuth2ProviderForApplications(AppConfig config)
      : base(config) {
    }

    ///
    /// Builds the OAuth2 authorization url.
    ///
    /// <returns>The Authorization url that the user needs to visit to authorize
    /// the application.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if one of the following
    /// OAuth2 parameters are empty: Scope, ClientId</exception>
    public string GetAuthorizationUrl() {
      string accessType = (isOffline) ? "offline" : "online";
      string redirectUrl = (string.IsNullOrEmpty(RedirectUri)) ? OFFLINE_REDIRECT_URL : RedirectUri;

      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("Scope", Scope);
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("ClientId", ClientId);

      return string.Format("{0}?scope={1}&state={2}&redirect_uri={3}&response_type={4}&" +
          "client_id={5}&access_type={6}", AUTH_ENDPOINT, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(Scope),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(State), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(redirectUrl),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(RESPONSE_TYPE), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ClientId),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(accessType));
    }

    ///
    /// Gets the OAuth access and refresh tokens.
    ///
    /// <param name="authorizationCode">The authorization code obtained from the
    /// Authorization url after the user authorizes the application to make API
    /// calls.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// True if the tokens were fetched successfully, false otherwise.
    /// </returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Refresh tokens are obtained only if access mode was set to
    /// offline.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if one of the following
    /// OAuth2 parameters are empty: ClientId, ClientSecret, AuthorizationCode.
    /// </exception>
    public bool FetchAccessAndRefreshTokens(string authorizationCode) {
      string redirectUrl = (string.IsNullOrEmpty(RedirectUri)) ? OFFLINE_REDIRECT_URL : RedirectUri;

      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(authorizationCode)) {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(CommonErrorMessages.OAuth2AuthorizationCodeIsEmpty);
      }

      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("ClientId", ClientId);
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("ClientSecret", ClientSecret);

      string body = string.Format("code={0}&client_id={1}&client_secret={2}&redirect_uri={3}" +
          "&grant_type={4}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(authorizationCode),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ClientId), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ClientSecret),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(redirectUrl), HttpUtility.UrlEncode("authorization_code"));

      try {
        CallTokenEndpoint(body);
      } catch (ApplicationException e) {
        throw new AdsOAuthException("Failed to get access token." + "\n" + e.Message);
      }
      return true;
    }

    ///
    /// Refreshes the access token.
    ///
    /// <remarks>This method should be used only when access mode is set to
    /// offline.</remarks>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if one of the following
    /// OAuth2 parameters are empty: ClientId, ClientSecret, RefreshToken.
    /// </exception>
    public void RefreshAccessTokenInOfflineMode() {
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("RefreshToken", RefreshToken);
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("ClientId", ClientId);
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("ClientSecret", ClientSecret);

      string body = string.Format("client_id={0}&client_secret={1}&refresh_token={2}" +
          "&grant_type={3}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ClientId), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ClientSecret),
          HttpUtility.UrlEncode(RefreshToken), HttpUtility.UrlEncode("refresh_token"));

      try {
        CallTokenEndpoint(body);
      } catch (ApplicationException e) {
        throw new AdsOAuthException("Failed to refresh access token." + "\n" + e.Message);
      }
    }

    ///
    /// Revokes the refresh token.
    ///
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if one of the following
    /// OAuth2 parameters are empty: RefreshToken.</exception>
    public void RevokeRefreshToken() {
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("RefreshToken", RefreshToken);

      string url = string.Format("{0}?token={1}", REVOKE_ENDPOINT, RefreshToken);
      WebRequest request = HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
      request.Proxy = config.Proxy;

      LogEntry logEntry = new LogEntry(this.Config, new DefaultDateTimeProvider());
      logEntry.LogRequest(request, "", new HashSet<string>());

      WebResponse response = null;

      try {
        response = request.GetResponse();

        string contents = MediaUtilities.GetStreamContentsAsString(response.GetResponseStream());
        logEntry.LogResponse(response, false, contents);
        logEntry.Flush();
      } catch (WebException e) {
        string contents = "";
        response = e.Response;

        try {
          contents = MediaUtilities.GetStreamContentsAsString(response.GetResponseStream());
        } catch {
          contents = e.Message;
        }

        logEntry.LogResponse(response, true, contents);
        logEntry.Flush();

        throw new AdsOAuthException("Failed to revoke refresh token.\n" + contents, e);
      } finally {
        if (response != null) {
          response.Close();
        }
      }
    }

    ///
    /// Refreshes the access token.
    ///
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if IsOffline is false.
    /// </exception>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if RefreshToken is empty.
    /// </exception>
    public override void RefreshAccessToken() {
      ValidateOAuth2Parameter("RefreshToken", RefreshToken);
      if (!IsOffline) {
        throw new ArgumentException(CommonErrorMessages.OAuth2IsNotInOfflineMode);
      }
      RefreshAccessTokenInOfflineMode();
    }
  }
}


text:
Q: VueJS PreventDefault form action on submit not working with ref? Currently I have something like the following code inside my

Clicking on this should do nothing, since the default page-redirecting behavior is prevented.

  <the-form action="/should-be-prevented" prevent>
    <input type="submit" value='Do "prevented" submission' />
  </the-form>

This should work like normal submit buttons would. And once submitted, the whole screen should go blank (showing that the page has been redirected somewhere else).

  <the-form action="/should-redirect">
    <input type="submit" value='Do "normal" submission' />
  </the-form>

Form submission with ref:

new Vue({
  el: '#app',

  components: {
    TheForm: {
      props: {
        prevent: Boolean
      },

      render(createElement) {
        return createElement('form', {
          on: {
            submit: this.handleSubmit
          }
        }, this.$slots.default);
      },

      methods: {
        handleSubmit(e) {
          if (this.prevent) {
            e.preventDefault();
          }
          else {
            this.$el.submit(e);
          }

          //Other stuff that also rely on using e
        }
      }
    }
  }
})
form {
  border: 2px dotted lightgray;
  margin: 1rem auto;
  padding: 1rem;
}

  <the-form ref="form1" action="/should-be-prevented" prevent>
    This form should stay, since the default page-redirecting behavior is prevented.
  </the-form>

  <the-form ref="form2" action="/should-redirect">
    This should work like normal forms would. And once submitted, the whole screen should go blank (showing that the page has been redirected somewhere else).
  </the-form>

Note that these buttons are outside of the respective forms, to demonstrate programmatic form-submission trigger.

  <input @click="$refs.form1.handleSubmit($event)" value='Do "prevented" submission' type="button" />
  <input @click="$refs.form2.handleSubmit($event)" value='Do "normal" submission' type="button" />

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Title* : Enter a descriptive dataset title as you want it to appear; include dates, locations, and specific metrics that make your dataset unique. If the data is from a Primary Article Citation (see below), use the naming convention "Data from: title of article"
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text:
Pyrisoxazol zählt  chemisch zu der Gruppe der Pyridine und Oxazole. Es ist  ein Fungizid und gehört zur Wirkstoffgruppe der Conazole, die die C14-Demethylase in der Sterinsynthese hemmen.

Pyrisoxazol wurde 1997 in China bei dem Forschungsinstitut Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry entwickelt und kommt als Diastereomerengemisch, bestehend aus dem (3R,5R)- und dem (3R,5S)-Isomer zum Einsatz. Die biologische Aktivität von racemischem Pyrisoxazol ist fast ausschließlich auf das Isomer (3S,5R)-Pyrisoxazol zurückzuführen; die anderen drei Isomere haben eine sehr geringe Aktivität. Alle vier Isomere besitzen eine orthogonale Struktursymmetrie mit der . Die Kristallstruktur enthält drei ebene Untereinheiten: einen unregelmäßigen Isoxazolinring, einen Pyridinring und einen Benzolring.

Pyrisoxazol hat eine hohe Aktivität gegen Ascomycota und Basidiomyceten. Es ist in China bereits zur Bekämpfung der Grauschimmelfäule (Botrytis cinerea) im Tomatenanbau zugelassen.
In der Europäischen Union und in der Schweiz ist es nicht als Pflanzenschutzwirkstoff zugelassen.

Einzelnachweise

Chlorbenzol
Pyridin
Isoxazol
Fungizid
Pflanzenschutzmittel (Wirkstoff)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Susarma (Susharma / सुशर्मा) was king of Trigarta, who vowed to to either die or kill Arjuna as part of a larger plan by Duryodhana to capture Yudhishthira alive in Kurukshetra war. For this, he formed a suicide squad on 11th night of the war.
Multan was the capital of Trigarta with its original name that is Mulasthan. The territory of Trigarta Kingdom is around the three rivers of Satluj, Beas, and Ravi. These Trigarta kings were allies of Duryodhana and enemies of Pandavas and Viratas. Their capital was named Prasthala (modern day Jalandhar, Punjab). Their kingdom extended from Mulasthana (modern day Multan, Pakistan) to Kangra in Himachal Pradesh.
When Duryodhana had a doubt that Pandavas must be hiding in Matsya Kingdom, during their exile period, Susharma joins them during that attack. Duryodhana was also prompted by death of Keechaka, which gave him a hint of Bheema being present in capital of Matsya Kingdom, Viratanagar.
Susharma had plans of settling his score with Virata King, as he suffered a lot in the hands of Keechaka during past.
Duryodhana asks Susharma and Dussasana to attack from South entrance of the fort, while kaurava army attacks from north entrance and sandwitches matsya army.
Next day, Susharma attackd south door and managed to take control over a large territory and also huge cattle.
Virata King lacked confidence in war, after death of Keechaka. But Kanka (Yudhishthira in disguise) assured King that he will assist them in war. His words instilled confidence in king and Kanka requested for few more of his associates to accompany him to the war.
Yudhishthira called up his brothers, who were in disguise and asked them to get ready for war as they were supposed to protect the kingdom, which gave them shelter for an year. Except for Arjuna (in female disguise as Brihannala), all others joined Kanka for war.
It was a well fought war till sunset. Kauravas were shocked to see a small matsya army fighting extremely well. They could not recognize Yudhishthira in disguise, who was leading them.
After sunset, Susharma played a trick and captured Virata King alive. Their army ran to Kanka for help.
Kanka ordered Vallabha (Bheema in disguise) to get the king released.
Vallabha attacked Susharma's chariot and broke it down. Both Susharma and Virata King fell down. Seeing this oppurtunity, Virata King snatched Susharma's sword and cleared his way back to his own army.
Susharma tried to flee, but Bheema captured him and he was about to kill him, Kanka came over there and asked to leave Susharma alive with minor punishment.
Bheema slapped Susharma and made him fall on knees and beg for mercy before letting him go.
Virata King appreciates Kanka and offers Keechaka's territory for him.
Listening to this defeat and insult of Susharma, Duryodhana plans a bigger attack and sends Karna to meet the Matsya army with a fresh reinforcement and launched a fierce attack on them.
Karna captured a vast territory once again and took away sixty thousand cattle of the Matsya kingdom.
One farmer runs into the palace and informs the prince Uttara Kumara about this attack. Uttara Kumara finds himself helpless, as his charioteer was already killed by Dussasana earlier and his father, along with Kanka has not yet returned from South entrance.
At this time, Arjuna (disguised as Brihannala) offers to be his charioteer and leads him to North gate.
The episode of Karna capturing cattle at north gate is Uttara GoGrahana. In this war, Arjuna reveals himself and wins the war for Uttara Kumara.
Susharma felt insulted, returns o his kingdom and awaits for revenge. He long with his army are insulted by women in his kingdom.
After Bheesham fell down on 10th day, Dronacharya was made commander-in-chief of Kaurava army. Duryodhana asks his guru to capture Yudhishthira alive.
Drona did his best and when he was almost about to capture Yudhishthira, army raises an alarm and Arjun blocks his guru's chariot.
Drona, unable to defeat Arjuna before sunset returns without fulfilling his promise.
He says to Duryodhana that, Yudhishthira cannot be reached as long as Arjuna is in the battlefield. So, it is important to engage Arjuna or distract him for a day.
Hearing this, Susharma volunteers to do this job. He wanted to take revenge on Pandavas, especially Arjuna, who won Draupadi in swayamvar, where susharma failed to hit the fish's eye with an arrow.
Drona warns that facing or challenging Arjuna is equal to suicide.
Susharma accepts it and along with his army called Samsaptakas, performs a Yagna, which ends with their own last rites.
All of his army has given up the hope of returning alive after challenging Arjuna.
Susharma, along with his 5 brothers Satyartha, Satyavarma, Satyavrata, Satyeshu and Satyakarma gets prepared in a special attire for war.
Next morning, they challenge Arjuna to fight with them.
Arjuna, entrusted the protection of Yudhishthira to Draupadi's brother, and asks Krishna to drive the chariot towards Akshouhini of Samsaptakas.
Akshouhini (अक्षौहिणी), is described in the Mahabharata as a battle formation consisting of 21,870 chariots (ratha); 21,870 elephants; 65,610 horses and 109,350 infantry.
Meanwhile Drona tries all methods to reach Yudhishthira, but Drishtadyumna (Draupadi's brother) blocks his path.
Drona, knowing that drishtadyumna was born out of yagna-fire to kill him, tries to avoid him but in vain.
Bheema comes up to rescue his elder brother, but Bhagadatta attacks him.
Arjuna realizes that his brother needs him and asks Krishna to driver towards Yudhishthira. When Krishna turns the chariot, Susharma's army raises a war cry. This puts Arjuna under a fix. If he leaves, he will be called a coward for showing his back. If he stays, his brother will be in danger.
Sensing Arjuna's dilemma, Susharma attacks them with 2 weapons. Arjuna nullifies them and retreats him with 3 weapons.
He reaches Bheema and upon seeing Arjuna, pandava army regains their confidence.
Day 12 ends with heavy losses for kaurava army. Duryodhana blames his guru Drona for this failure.
Drona plans Chakravyuha for next day and asks Susharma to keep Arjuna engaged, as he is the only warrior who knows how to enter and exit this spiral plan.
On day 13, Susharma and his army of Samsaptakas again challenge Arjuna.
While Arjuna is kept busy, Yudhishithira is thrown the challenge of Chakravyuha. When nobody was able to face it, Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, volunteers to break it. He claims to know the entrance technique, but does not know how to exit.
He asks remaining four pandavas to follow him, while he enters.
But Jayadratha, who had the boon to block pandavas for one day, stops them from entering the chakravyuh.
Abhimanyu enters alone and is killed mercilessly by all Kaurava warriors.
When Arjuna finishes the entire akshauhini of Susharma and returns, he finds dead body of his son.


text:
« Anti-anti-anti-postmodernism
Whereof we can speak »
Not Entirely Fuzzy, Actually
One interesting and valuable current in the comments on Scott McLemee's interview at Inside Higher Ed was the discussion triggered by Adam Kotsko's comment:
I'm glad to see that she at least concedes the existence of more fuzzy kinds of truth at the beginning and restricts the empirical kind to science and history — too often, arguments "defending" the existence of scientific empirical truth head down the slippery slope of asserting that such truth is the only real or worthwhile kind and that anything else is mere charlatanism. There are ways of making interesting and even (validly) persuasive claims about the world that do not mimic the scientific method. It would be great if everyone could agree on that principle.
Well…that depends on what is meant by 'mimic the scientific method,' I would say. When people make claims of that kind it is usually defined very narrowly; perhaps as something necessarily involving either petri dishes or centrifuges. But the kinds of claims that are meant are claims that do in fact rely on rational thought and evidence; they're not claims that are entirely untethered from, shall we say, the real world. When you look at them more closely this becomes apparent. So I was pleased when 'we are all scientists now' set about doing just that, by asking for 'a precise example of a validly persuasive claim about the world that doesn't follow something very much like the (a?) scientific method'. The answer came, 'There is more to life than material gain. This says something about the human condition and it means more than its literal rendering gives.' 'We are all' replied:
It certainly hints at (controversial) claims about the human condition, but I'm not pursuaded. How would we persuade the Wall Street hedonist driving a kickass car that there's more to life than money and positional goods? Well, we might appeal to evidence: many people, even very rich and powerful people, find that there is more to life than material gain. Ergo…But that anecdotal claim alone cannot be persuasive, because I'm willing to bet that a carefully designed and sufficiently representative survey of a great many people will find at least a few reasonable folks who, after due consideration, think that material gain really is all they need to live a satisfying life. Are these people simply wrong? Are they morally deficient? [etc] No doubt, once we had a better idea of the correlates of variation in claims about life satisfaction in our sample, we'd be tempted to make a moral argument about character and virtue, to the effect that some sorts of life really are better than others, and these more worthy ways of life feature more than simply material gain. We might then be tempted to use this moral framework to explain the variations in our survey data. But notice that, if we followed this path in turning your pithy aphorism into a persuasive claim, we'd end up making precise philosophical arguments and sociological hypotheses in light of careful empirical research. That sounds a lot like a scientific approach to me…
Exactly. I'm always irritated by this rather unexamined idea that literary or moral or aesthetic claims are completely different from empirical or scientific claims, as opposed to being, say, more tentative, more fuzzy in parts, more reliant on guesswork and personal commitments and the like, but still not completely untethered to any rational forms of inquiry or exploration or verification or checking at all. If such claims were like that they would be of no interest, and they would be undiscussable; but they're not, are they. When people make moral or aesthetic claims we disagree with we jump right in and argue, don't we; we give reasons; we cite counter-examples; we may even cite studies or surveys or statistics. We mostly don't just make stuff up from scratch out of nowhere and fling it down in a 'take it or leave it' manner. If we did it wouldn't get us anywhere. We would have to talk gibberish to do that, and people would just shrug and talk about something else (so there goes your 'validly persuasive').
This attempted radical separation between the two kinds of truth seems to me to be quite mistaken, but it's popular. The discussion went on, and it's a good read.
Whereof we can speak
What about evidence?
Art, Poetry, Religion, Uncertainty
Knock three times for 'yes'
15 Responses to "Not Entirely Fuzzy, Actually"
Juan Golblado
It seems to me that aesthetic reactions, emotions, religious belief and the like simply have no truth value beyond the fact that they are being felt or experienced by someone. And so they are not "claims" except in the sense that the person who experiences them "claims" that they experienced them when they recount them.
And consequently there is no such thing as aesthetic truth. I would go so far as to say there are not "two kinds of truth" or "different ways of knowing" although there is a vast wealth of experience and another of feeling…
I thought that this comment from "we're all …" was particularly insightful:
I mean, of course it's possible to persuade people with pithy aphorisms that hint at supposedly deep "truths" about the human spirit or what have you. And of course we can persuade others with clever and misleading rhetoric, or selective and emotional appeals to partial evidence (which is what a lot of great literature really amounts to, and is no less beautiful and moving for that fact).
It's certainly true that from a sociological perspective we do tend to engage in debates with reasons and examples but that is a quite different question to whether such an approach actually has any merit to it. It still seem to me that much discussion of literary or moral or aesthetic questions does indeed consist of discussing the undiscussable. Simply because a critic asserts the merits of a particular work, including as many reasons, examples and surveys as he likes, it still provides me with no basis for according any truth value to said arguments. Whereof we cannot speak…
I'm also somewhat confused as to how exactly you propose to defend yourself against the argument that scientific and empirical truth truth 'is the only real or worthwhile kind and that anything else is mere charlatanism.' Your argument does appear to consist of asserting that other 'truths' (if that term is applicable) are indeed simply the poor cousin to the scientific method.
Yeah, I agree about kinds of truth, Juan; but people use the word that way (aesthetic truth, emotional truth, etc), and that was the point I was conceding. It's the old 'it depends how you define' thing. If you define truth very loosely, then you can prattle about aesthetic truth.
But the discussion about claims was different, because Adam did specify claims, and not just claims but (validly) persuasive claims, which would (surely? which is no doubt why 'we are all' asked for an example) rule out purely aesthetic responses. Purely de gustibus claims.
"Simply because a critic asserts the merits of a particular work, including as many reasons, examples and surveys as he likes, it still provides me with no basis for according any truth value to said arguments."
Hmm. Really? It still leaves you entirely free to reject them all, of course, but are you sure it provides you no basis at all for according any truth value? Ever? (I mean, you could say if the reasons etc are all terrible, it does, but if some of them are good, are you sure it doesn't?)
I just don't buy it. I don't think morality, for example, is that arbitrary and dadaist. I think we hook it up to things we think are true about our needs and wants and those of other people. It also relies on some inarguable commitments, perhaps, but that doesn't mean it's through and through inarguable.
"Your argument does appear to consist of asserting that other 'truths' (if that term is applicable) are indeed simply the poor cousin to the scientific method."
Does it? I don't see why. I don't think of them as the poor cousin at all. Just for one thing I know perfectly well I rely on a lot of guesswork and gossamer bridges thrown over gaps in my knowledge, in my arguing and thinking about all sorts of things, without necessarily considering that thinking a poor cousin. I think it's necessarily more tentative and fuzzy than thinking that is based on solid evidence at every point – but that's not a poor cousin; it's a different cousin. Look, we're humans, we don't get to have complete knowledge on all subjects, that doesn't mean we can't or shouldn't ever make educated guesses. (Other things being equal, though, I would agree that more knowledge is better than less knowledge; so sure, in that sense less informed claims are poor cousins to more informed ones. But the other kind are essential. Science itself begins in speculation.)
"are you sure it provides you no basis at all for according any truth value? Ever? (I mean, you could say if the reasons etc are all terrible, it does, but if some of them are good, are you sure it doesn't?)"
I suspect the answer depends upon what is meant by 'any truth value.'
In the event that you could describe the arguments as being 'good' or 'terrible' then you might be right, but my difficulty is that I'm not at all sure that the quality of the arguments necessarily has a particularly strong relation to truth. Tolstoy marshalled a great many good arguments in support of his view that Shakespeare was a poor artist. The arguments are consistent and one can typically see the grounds for him citing them. In that sense they have a limited truth value, though one could equally accord truth values on the same basis to statements that argue exactly the reverse. A concept of truth that can accord itself to two contradictory statements does not strike me as being worth much.
The only sense in which they could be judged to be true in the fullest sense is that it was true that Tolstoy thought Shakespeare was a bad artist. If there is a truth value to that, it relates to the description of his own subjective reactions rather than to the original object (i.e. Shakespeare).
Frankly, none of this sounds to me particularly like the basis for a rallying cry as to why truth matters.
No; granted; this isn't really the basis for or part of a rallying cry as to why truth matters. But it is, if you like, part of a rallying cry or at least an argument for why thinking matters, why rational discussion matters, why argument matters, and why they are all continuous with science or 'the scientific method' rather than discontinuous. Because it seems to me that if one accepts Adam's claim (and that of serried ranks of other people) that there are validly persuasive truth claims that are radically discontinuous with 'the scientific method,' and so with rational inquiry and discussion, then you're left with nothing but force. 'Validly persuasive' becomes a euphemism for 'because I say so'.
Tolstoy on Shakespeare. But if his arguments are good (it's been ages since I read T on S), couldn't they be good arguments for why Shakespeare is flawed without being good arguments for why he is wholly bad? And couldn't they open up whole areas of discussion about what is good or bad in art, and so on? In short, couldn't they be true in many ways, without necessarily being definitively probative that 'Shakespeare is bad'?
And that's how we think about fuzzy things. Like people. Jones is mean. Well, sometimes, but she can also be quite kind. Okay but she's selfish. Sure but aren't we all, but she's been generous to me. Well she's been rotten to me. Etc.
I would submit that these claims he is talking about are not claims about truth but rather about the critic's evaluation of a particular experience. And the evaluation is per force in subjective terms. As someone listening to or reading the critic, I may respond to the critic's evaluation by agreeing with it or not, or in part or whatever. I may see the play or exhibit or read the book (or get to know the person if one is talking about the merits of sharing a pint with someone). But if I act on the basis of what the critic said it is because I think I may share his evaluation if I follow his recommendation. (Or I may decide to do the opposite of what is recommended because I expect that to lead to a positive experience for me.)
In that way groups of people may agree about something aesthetic or otherwise subjective, and no doubt many of them will many times have a tendency to talk about it in terms of truth, but if we are precise in our use of language I think we will agree that it is not the truth of the matter that we are discussing but rather where our likes and dislikes coincide or not.
If the discussion is about whether Ian McEwan gives a realistic description of life, or even of the life of a verisimilar neurosurgeon, then there are bases for talking about truth and falsity. But that shouldn't be confused with whether you enjoyed reading Saturday or whether you think it was a good novel — or whether you can convince your friend to read it so you can talk to her about it!
So, a big yes to "different cousins" but not different kinds of truth, rather different things that are worth talking about and doing. It occurs to me that according experience 'truth value' in conversation may be something akin to treating religious beliefs with 'respect'. And both for the same reason, really: it shakes a lot of people up to think that truth is only accessible by generating hypotheses and testing them. But it seems the response is not to compromise on truth but rather to 'validate', in the sense of agree there is value to, experiences and feelings on their own merit, not because they contain truth.
"But that shouldn't be confused with whether you enjoyed reading Saturday or whether you think it was a good novel"
Yes but those are two different things. Sorry to be nitpicky – but I think separating the two is crucial to understanding all this. It is quite possible to recognize that something is good without yourself enjoying it or liking it; the reverse is also quite possible. Liking and disliking is that whereof we cannot speak; is inarguable; is de gustibus; but whether something is good or not is that whereof we can speak and argue. The speaking may be fuzzy, but it's not (necessarily) meaningless.
Yes, certainly. It's not meaningless to talk about whether something is good or not, but such talk can only have truth value to the extent that the definition of good is shared and agreed — and then the truth value is the extent to which the statement accurately represents the thing being discusses, the extent to which the statement accurately represents the agreed definition, and the extent to which the statement draws on valid logic about how those things relate.
In practice, most conversation (at least most of mine!) falls short of those criteria in various ways but usually not so far short as to remove all its truth value.
Yup. You bet. Such conversations can be pretty much infinitely fuzzy. I know the ones I engage in always are! (And I've been leading a book group for ten years…) But that's entirely consistent with what I'm claiming, which is merely that the attempt to cite reasons and evidence is made.
"Because it seems to me that if one accepts Adam's claim… then you're left with nothing but force."
Taking this as granted, what if that was all one was left with? Would that change the question of whether the claim Adam is making is well founded or not? I do worry somewhat that discussions of this kind take truth as granted because they see a social necessity in doing so. Truth must exist, therefore it does. In this context in particular, I can't help but wonder whether you aren't defending truth as a indivisible concept, even in areas where its value is limited, because you don't wish to expose any chinks in the armour as a whole.
"But it is, if you like, part of a rallying cry or at least an argument for why thinking matters, why rational discussion matters, why argument matters, and why they are all continuous with science or 'the scientific method' rather than discontinuous."
The problem is that this does rather return us to the poor cousin argument (apologies for lacking time to address this in my previous reply). Science is as, you say, frequently likely to originate in speculation. Nonetheless, it has a considerable arsenal of techniques and methods that can be used to experiment, test, validate or falsify such speculations. In so far as such techniques cannot be as easily used to falsify or verify aesthetic or moral propositions, I'm struggling to see how such matters could be anything other than the poor cousin.
Incidentally, I have to admit to being confused at your earlier observation that "but that's not a poor cousin; it's a different cousin;" how does this differ from the argument being advanced by Adam?
"But if his arguments are good (it's been ages since I read T on S), couldn't they be good arguments for why Shakespeare is flawed without being good arguments for why he is wholly bad?"
Not easily; he is advancing claims that are intended to advance an entirely different theory of art, that accords with his own method of writing. One cannot meaningfully coflate, for example, Tolstoy's view that art should serve a moral and social purpose with Wilde's view that art should aspire to uselessness.
"And couldn't they open up whole areas of discussion about what is good or bad in art, and so on?"
They could and indeed have. The difficulty is that this accords Tolstoy's arguments with a value that is based on their role in propagating other ideas rather than with truth per se and doesn't necessarily offer an explanation of how other discussions would avoid similar difficulties.
"Truth must exist, therefore it does."
Yes except I said what I was defending there was not truth but thinking and rational discussion and argument.
"I can't help but wonder whether you aren't defending truth as a indivisible concept"
Same thing. I'm talking about methodology rather than truth – because that's what Adam was talking about, if I understood him correctly.
"how does this differ from the argument being advanced by Adam?"
I contradicted myself, didn't I! [slaps self upside head]
Still, I'm not sure I really did. I think I was arguing that other kinds of inquiry are, not identical to scientific inquiry, but related to it; so that they can be different from sci inq without being radically discontinuous. There is overlap as opposed to no overlap. So they are different but not opposite; different but not altogether different.
"Nonetheless, it has a considerable arsenal of techniques and methods that can be used to experiment, test, validate or falsify such speculations. In so far as such techniques cannot be as easily used to falsify or verify aesthetic or moral propositions, I'm struggling to see how such matters could be anything other than the poor cousin."
Because some of the techniques can be used: logic, inference, analysis, quest for evidence, and the like. Aesthetic and moral propositions aren't just wild cards, based on nothing. Of course they can't usefully be examined under an electron microscope, but they can be thought about in a rational way; in that sense, it seems to me, the 'scientific method' isn't as radically alien to them as many people like to think, and claim.
Yeah. I take your point about Tolstoy. (I take all your points, actually.) I think that's how I've experienced his take on Shakesr. Completely disagreeing, but at the same time being kind of attracted by his view of the matter; with no reconciliation.
But – again, I'm not concerned to defend the idea that Tolstoy's view is true (or untrue), only that he used at least some rational tools to argue for it.
Chris Whiley
I feel I'm watching people arguing about how many angels can dance on a pin…Tolstoy gave reasons why he thought Shakespeare was a bad writer but he didn't then go on to say "And so I forbid you to read Shakespeare and if you do I will try to ensure that you are killed".
That, surely, is the nub of why reason, rationality and science are so important and what WTM is one attempt to clarify. Lets' not argue who has the brightest candle when the darkness threatens us all.
I don't think it is about angels on pins though. If you think art has some form of important function in sociological terms, then it matters what type of art is being advocated and practiced – and Tolstoy was making arguments of that kind, not merely making statements of personal preference. This is part of my point; apparently private issues relating to mental states are not easily separated from broader concerns, in this or other areas.
Exactly, Richard. Tolstoy was arguing – not issuing fatwas. Our differences are insignificant compared with our agreements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cinema Dispatch: Gretel & Hansel
February 8, 2020 September 3, 2020 ~ Matt Vetrano
Gretel & Hansel and all the images you see in this review are owned by United Artists Releasing
Directed by Oz Perkins
Sigh… a gritty reboot of the Hansel & Gretel? Did you happened to catch that tagline; A GRIM Fairy Tale? Yeah, something tells me this isn't going to be good, AND YET there has been a decent amount of buzz surrounding this which surprised the heck out of me! It's not like February has a much better reputation for movies than January does, especially when it comes to horror, so if they really did have something here wouldn't they have saved it for a better time? I don't know, maybe studios think that Get Out being the exception to this rule means it's the new strategic time slot for quick horror bucks. In any case, is this the surprise gem that people having been saying it is, or is this yet another chance for me to be a Grumpy Gus at a mediocre horror film? Let's find out!!
You know the story of Hansel & Gretel? Well then you know the story of Gretel & Hansel! Two kids are kicked out of their home because medieval times sucked for the working class and they get taken in by a witch who gives them food but has a hidden agenda. Naturally there's more to it, but it's all about adding details than going off and doing its own thing as Gretel (Sophia Lillis) is the older sister taking care of her younger brother (Sam Leakey) and the witch (Alice Krige) is a more complicated presence in the movie. At first she appears to be benevolent if a bit cagey as she not only feeds the kids bellies but their minds as well with meaningful chores, games of chess, and even teaching the little boy how to sharpen an axe so he can live out his dream of being a woodcutter. Hey, at least it's better than being a YouTuber or god help us a Twitch Streamer! As the two stay at the house and learn more about her as well as the history of this house, things might just be going in a sinister direction that will force them to flee for their lives or perhaps it's all a giant misunderstanding and they will end up being the aggressors in this story against an innocent and charitable older woman. Will Gretel and Hansel become victims of a scheme that the witch is COOKING up for them? Will Gretel perhaps be tempted down a dark path by the small TASTE of magic that the witch offers to her from time to time? Do I have THYME to do OLIVE the food puns in the world before I get to the TOAST POINT!?
Frankly, I don't think there's MUSHROOM left for jokes in this BERRY serious review!
So are the people singing this move's praises correct? Well… let's just say that I don't think I've ever seen a movie I WANTED to like more than this one. It does so many things that pique my interest and appeal to my sensibilities as a moviegoer, and yet there's something missing that keeps me from really getting behind it. It's clearly inspired by (or at least can easily be compared to) some VERY top tier entries in the genres it dabbles in, but is it better than any of those films I could mention? Sadly, I don't think so. Does it at least have a unique selling point or an interesting concept that gives it its own little niche apart from its inspirations? Unfortunately that's a big swing and a miss too despite a few interesting ideas throughout. If there's anything that DOES set it apart, it's the PG-13 rating which is not an unimportant aspect of this since the films that spring to my mind when thinking of these tend to be in the hard R camp, and frankly it's a bit more accessible than those films as well, but the end result is less its own unique thing within the constraints of its rating than a watered down version of movies that came before it; tempered to not go too far in terms of its visceral scares as well as its radical ideas. Perhaps that's more than enough for most people and I still give this a lot of credit for what it does REALLY well, but it's ultimately like the feasts we see throughout the movie; large and sumptuous, but far too many empty calories.
"Is it at least almond milk?" "Just shut up and eat."
Before we get into the film's shortcomings, let's first lay the groundwork of what this movie gets right; namely the same thing that movies like The Witch, Antichrist, and even my beloathed Hereditary. All of these movies have a peerless sense of atmosphere and oppressive tension through brilliantly realized cinematography and densely layered visual metaphors. This is straight up an Arthouse Horror Film to use a rather crude description, but it does with many of the signifiers associated with it. The movie has a very naturalistic feel to its cinematography opting for up close and personal shots for the most part so that the few times it dabbles into more extravagant compositions stand out all the more; particularly the house itself which not only looks intriguing from the outside but has some interesting mysteries to uncover within it. There are bizarre moments throughout that I won't spoil here as well as a lot of implied magical realism that sets a proper mood for the events that will unfold and you are left wondering just how much was real and what's been imagined. I also have to give it up to Alice Krige as the witch who is absolutely BRILLIANT in the part and brings a lot of humanity to a role that could have been an utter cliché. She could have been cackling like a fiend or making even worse food puns than me all throughout, but there is genuine warmth, wit, and candor within her that makes it all the more regrettable that things eventually go where they inevitably have to.
"GET OFF OF MY LAWN!" "Aww…" "AND INTO THIS HOUSE FULL OF CANDY AND VALUABLE LIFE LESSONS!" "OOOH!!"
It does such a good job with creating its world and setting up some thought provoking themes through the main antagonist that it's heartbreaking how it ultimately doesn't come together, and that's where we get into the big problem with the movie. Despite all the pieces being in place, it doesn't end up painting a fully cohesive picture which does nothing to ward off accusations of being pretentious. Now I wouldn't necessarily use that word to describe this film as it often evokes a sense of cynicism to the haphazard use of muddled symbolism and metaphor, but I don't feel that's the case here; rather, it comes off as uncertainty on the filmmaker's part and perhaps a bit of inexperience. Despite the ambitious nature of the filmmaking, it feels weightless for most of its running time; particularly in the extended first act which is all over the place and spends way too much time watching our characters mosey around a forest occasionally seeing something strange or blowing up at one another. It gets better once they get to the witches house and we have Alice Krige's performance to hold everything together, but even then there are still some awkward aspects that stick out like a sore thumb and wound the otherwise amazing atmosphere; these issues primarily the acting from Hansel and the tacked on voice overs from Gretel. I'm not sure why Hansel had to be as young as he is in this movie other than to make him seem THAT much more innocent as a character, but they didn't cast the role well as far as I'm concerned. The actor comes off as almost completely unaware of what he's supposed to be doing other than reading his rather banal lines and it's distracting how everything else feels so polished and deliberate while he seems to have been left to his own devices. That's at least tolerable though, where as the voice overs are utterly laughable and break the flow of the movie whenever they come up. They come off as a total afterthought and I suspect it was added to the movie to make the narrative easier to follow. I'm guessing test audiences were confused about which scenes were dreams and which were real so they had Gretel narrate her thoughts after most of the more peculiar scenes, and I'll grant them that at least ONE of the voice overs was helpful in understanding Gretel's state of mind as well as the context of the prior scene, but they're purely functional and don't integrated well with the more ethereal tone the rest of the movie sets.
"As I contemplated my next move I began to wonder… were we playing a game or was she playing me? Also, would I taste better with a wine pairing or perhaps a selection of craft beers?"
The other issue is perhaps less overt and won't bother most people, but what really sinks the narrative for me is that it has "THE WITCH PROBLEM" that a lot of modern stories run into. Sadly I am far from an expert on this subject so I'll defer to the more knowledgeable folks out there, but modern day understands of The Witch Hunts throughout Europe and the US have revealed their motives to be less about religious zealotry than about institutionalized oppression of women during those periods of time. Again, specifics are for those who ACTUALLY know what they're talking about, but for our purposes witches have become something of a symbol in popular fiction for targets of patriarchal oppression and in turn have become more nuanced and even heroic figures in certain contexts. They also make good villains however, what with all the power they wield and the terrifying stories that have been embedded in popular culture, so sometimes they try to thread the needle between empowerment and terror. The Craft is a fantastic example of this where the first half is about the coven's struggles as women in modern day society and the unfair challenges they have to face but the transition between them being empowered by their magic to being corrupted by it feels a bit forced as we head into the second half of the movie; seeing right before our eyes the difficulty of squaring these two interpretations of witches. Are you with me so far? Okay, good! This is basically the problem with the story in this movie only it's made worse by the less the unreliable nature of what we are seeing. Because so much of this movie could be dreams, imaginations, or symbolic flourishes, it's difficult to get an exact bead on what the movie wants to you to feel about certain things and about its characters. Gretel's big character arc seems to be about getting over her pessimistic attitude about the world, but does that actually happen by the end of the movie? Is witchcraft an unfairly maligned tool that can fight against the oppressors of the world, or are we right to fear them given what we see this witch do in the movie? It SEEMS to imply there's a GOOD way to be a witch, but I'll be darned if the movie cares to explain what that entails! These lingering questions in a movie that seems to want to be taken so serious (there's almost no levity throughout the runtime) is what really dampened my enthusiasm, but then maybe there's more to this than what I'm seeing and someone will be able to find true depth between the words on the page even if I just felt kind of numb through a not insignificant amount of it.
Uh… I don't know, triangles are bad?
You know what? It FINALLY dawned on me what this movie is! Does anyone else remember that odd Randy Quaid and Mary Beth Hurt movie Parents? Yeah, it was an interesting little horror film about a kid who suspects his parents are actually serving him human flesh at dinner which is not only similar in narrative sense but approaches it with a similarly ethereal and non-literal style. Most importantly though it was ANOTHER movie that I wish I liked more than I did, but I still do recommend checking that movie out for some of its more inventive moments and I'll say the same about this movie here. No, I don't think it's as great as it SHOULD have been and despite its valiant effort to swing for the fences it does strike out in a few places, but considering it's a February horror film that sounds about one step above that Red Riding Hood movie that was a Twilight knock-off? Yeah, I think we lucked out with this one! Oh who am I kidding? I LOVE that Red Riding Hood movie! Amanda Seyfried being chased by a wolf, that giant cremation elephant thing, what more could you ask for? See, that's where this movie messed up! No giant cremation elephant thing!
Gretel & Hansel
Posted in Cinema Dispatch Alice KrigeCharles BabalolaHorrorJessica De GouwMovie ReviewOz PerkinsSam LeakeySophia LillisUnited Artists Releasing
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CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA and Pagliacci, two classics of opera, are being performed at the Metropolitan Opera, New York, and will be broadcast to The Eye Cinema, this Saturday at 5.30pm.
Cavalleria Rusticana, composed by Guido Mascagni, tells the story of love and betrayal as well as the attitudes of a closed religious society. Pagliacci, by Ruggiero Leoncavallo, revolves around the deceit and suspicion of two lovers uncovered in front of all during a comedy performance.
Since 1893, these two operas have commonly been performed together in a so-called Cav/Pag double-bill, and their universal popularity is based on the searing personal drama played out in the lives of ordinary people, along with some of the most loved music in the entire opera repertoire.


All Blue Papers are available for purchase from the Policy Institute at a cost of €10. To place an order please email policy.institute@tcd.ie indicating the Blue Paper title, reference number and required quantity.
 Nicki O'Connor (2007), Industry-Academia Collaboration: A Competence Centre Approach for Ireland?
 Anne-Marie McGauran (2005), Plus Ca Change? Gender Mainstreaming of the Irish National Development Plan.
 Simon Brooke (2001), Social Housing for the Future: Can Housing Associations Meet the Challenge?
 John Fingleton, John Evans and Oliver Hogan (1998), The Dublin Taxi Market: Re-Regulate or Stay Queuing?
Last updated 15 January 2015 policy.institute@tcd.ie .


RINCON DE LA VICTORIA is the first town in the region of Axarquia to train Local Police officers on hate crimes and discrimination towards lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals and intersexual individuals (LGBTI).
The course took place on Thursday (September 11), coinciding with the International Day for Suicide Prevention, and was conducted by the Arco Iris Federation at the Local Police events hall.
"It is important to raise awareness on discrimination, especially because it is highly prevalent towards members of the LGBTI community," said Deputy Mayor, Antonio Moreno.
"We are committed to work in the development of a municipal plan that guarantees the right for equality and eliminates any trace of discrimination," said mayor of Rincon de la Victoria, Encarnacion Anaya.
The local government of Rincon de la Victoria announced that they will be putting forward the above mentioned plan made up of 15 measures regarding all fields of life including education, culture and youth, that guarantees a more united and respectful society, with heightened tolerance for affective, romantic, sexual and gender diversity.
The Arco Iris federation reminded that there is a website in Spanish called www.delitosdeodio.tk, in which users can find useful information to raise awareness on hate crimes and discrimination, both for victims, police officers and the general public.
In 2013, more than 1,172 hate crimes took place and as many as 452 had something to do with the victim's sexual or gender identity.
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Mattis to Military: Don't Obey Trump's Illegal Orders
Posted on June 4, 2020 by maha
Gen. James Mattis's public rebuke of Trump, published yesterday at The Atlantic, was extraordinary and possibly unprecedented. It also has huge implications for Trump's continued mishandling of the ongoing protests. I'll paste the complete statement from Mattis to the end of this post.
The relationship between the military and civilian authority is central to U.S. military culture. The military sees itself as subsurvient to civilian authority, which is a good thing — we don't want the military to become a power unto itself. But military personnel also swear to uphold the Constitution. And this gives us the possible nightmare scenario — what do they do if civilian authority in the person of the Commander in Chief gives them an illegal or unconstitutional order?
Over the past few days there has been a lot of talk of that very thing. What would happen if Trump ordered troops to attack protesters exercising their First Amendment rights to peacefully assemble? Monday, that happened. And Trump is still ranting about using the Insurrection Act to send federal troops into U.S. cities. This is not a hypothetical question.
I have heard from many sources that career military officers hold General Mattis in the highest regard; he commands huge moral authority, even if he is retired from active duty. And the implication of yesterday's message was clear — the military must not obey Trump if he orders troops to end demonstrations.
"Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead, he tries to divide us," Mattis writes. "We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children."
"We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society." That's an extraordinary thing for a general to say of the Commander in Chief.
"When I joined the military, some 50 years ago," he writes, "I swore an oath to support and defend the Constitution. Never did I dream that troops taking that same oath would be ordered under any circumstance to violate the Constitutional rights of their fellow citizens—much less to provide a bizarre photo op for the elected commander-in-chief, with military leadership standing alongside."
He goes on to implicitly criticize the current secretary of defense, Mark Esper, and other senior officials as well. "We must reject any thinking of our cities as a 'battlespace' that our uniformed military is called upon to 'dominate.' At home, we should use our military only when requested to do so, on very rare occasions, by state governors. Militarizing our response, as we witnessed in Washington, D.C., sets up a conflict—a false conflict—between the military and civilian society. It erodes the moral ground that ensures a trusted bond between men and women in uniform and the society they are sworn to protect, and of which they themselves are a part. Keeping public order rests with civilian state and local leaders who best understand their communities and are answerable to them.
Not everyone in the military is honorable, of course, but I honestly believe this takes the option of using federal troops any way he wants out of Trump's hands. The brass will listen to Mattis before they listen to Trump.
General Mattis has been criticized for his silence on Trump up until now. I have criticized him, and top brass generally, too. From six months ago:
One of the central values of the American military is that they are subservient to civilian authority, and civilian authority is personified in the Commander in Chief. So exposing the POTUS as a monster would be extraordinarily difficult thing for them, no question. But more difficult than, say, storming Normandy Beach?
Clearly, talk of using federal troops against civilians was a bridge too far for Mattis. It's interesting also that he evoked Nazis —
Instructions given by the military departments to our troops before the Normandy invasion reminded soldiers that "The Nazi slogan for destroying us…was 'Divide and Conquer.' Our American answer is 'In Union there is Strength.'" We must summon that unity to surmount this crisis—confident that we are better than our politics.
Bringing up Nazis also evokes the Nuremberg Trials and reminds us that "we were only following orders" is no excuse.
It's not stopping with Mattis. Yesterday Gen. John Allen (U.S. Marine Corps, retired) published an op ed at Foreign Affairs that, in brief, ripped Trump another asshole. (See also Paul LeBlanc, CNN, Retired Marine Gen. John Allen: Trump's threats of military force may be 'the beginning of the end of the American experiment'.) I had already noted yesterday that Admiral Mike Mullen, who was chair of the Joint Chiefs during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations, wrote that he is disgusted with the Bible Stunt.
Trump, of course, responded to Mattis with his signature juvenile insults.
…His primary strength was not military, but rather personal public relations. I gave him a new life, things to do, and battles to win, but he seldom "brought home the bacon". I didn't like his "leadership" style or much else about him, and many others agree. Glad he is gone!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) June 4, 2020
My understanding is that nobody fired General Mattis; he was head of the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) when he retired from the Marines in 2013, and he resigned as Trump's Secretary of Defense in 2019. Also, Mattis has had the nickname "mad dog" for many years, according to Snopes, and it probably originated as a kind of term of endearment from his troops. Troops absolutely cannot stop himself from lying. It's pathological.
See also Mattis, other military leaders close ranks against Trump at NBC News and Greg Sargent, Trump's latest eruption just showed that Jim Mattis is entirely right.
I don't know if there are many examples of a commanding general refusing a direct order of the President, but I do know of one. In June 1865, a U.S. district judge handed down treason indictments against former Confederate generals Robert E. Lee, James Longstreet, and some others. Under the signed surrender agreements, these officers would remain paroled and free from prosecution as long as they obeyed the laws of the United States and did not take up arms against the United States. President Andrew Johnson — to my mind, the only POTUS who comes close to challenging Trump as "worst POTUS of all time" — fully supported the traitor charges.
Ulysses Grant was the highest ranking officer in the U.S. military at the time. Johnson asked Grant when Robert E. Lee might be arrested; Grant said, "Never." Grant made it clear to Johnson that if ordered to arrest Lee, he would resign first. Per Grant biographer Ron Chernow, such an arrest would not only have violates the surrender agreement Grant had signed with Lee at Appomattox; arresting Lee would also have likely caused a lot of former Confederate soldiers to take up arms against the government again. Johnson recognized that Grant was a whole lot more popular than he was and told the district judge to drop the indictments.
Grant spent all of the Andrew Johnson Administration walking a tightrope between his duty to obey the Commander in Chief and his duty to the law and Constitution; it's a fascinating bit of history that Chernow explains nicely. The point is that these are issues top brass has had to contend with before. They just haven't had to do it recently.
The statement from General Mattis:
IN UNION THERE IS STRENGTH
I have watched this week's unfolding events, angry and appalled. The words "Equal Justice Under Law" are carved in the pediment of the United States Supreme Court. This is precisely what protesters are rightly demanding. It is a wholesome and unifying demand—one that all of us should be able to get behind. We must not be distracted by a small number of lawbreakers. The protests are defined by tens of thousands of people of conscience who are insisting that we live up to our values—our values as people and our values as a nation.
When I joined the military, some 50 years ago, I swore an oath to support and defend the Constitution. Never did I dream that troops taking that same oath would be ordered under any circumstance to violate the Constitutional rights of their fellow citizens—much less to provide a bizarre photo op for the elected commander-in-chief, with military leadership standing alongside.
We must reject any thinking of our cities as a "battlespace" that our uniformed military is called upon to "dominate." At home, we should use our military only when requested to do so, on very rare occasions, by state governors. Militarizing our response, as we witnessed in Washington, D.C., sets up a conflict—a false conflict—between the military and civilian society. It erodes the moral ground that ensures a trusted bond between men and women in uniform and the society they are sworn to protect, and of which they themselves are a part. Keeping public order rests with civilian state and local leaders who best understand their communities and are answerable to them.
James Madison wrote in Federalist 14 that "America united with a handful of troops, or without a single soldier, exhibits a more forbidding posture to foreign ambition than America disunited, with a hundred thousand veterans ready for combat." We do not need to militarize our response to protests. We need to unite around a common purpose. And it starts by guaranteeing that all of us are equal before the law.
Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead he tries to divide us. We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children.
We can come through this trying time stronger, and with a renewed sense of purpose and respect for one another. The pandemic has shown us that it is not only our troops who are willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice for the safety of the community. Americans in hospitals, grocery stores, post offices, and elsewhere have put their lives on the line in order to serve their fellow citizens and their country. We know that we are better than the abuse of executive authority that we witnessed in Lafayette Square. We must reject and hold accountable those in office who would make a mockery of our Constitution. At the same time, we must remember Lincoln's "better angels," and listen to them, as we work to unite.
Only by adopting a new path—which means, in truth, returning to the original path of our founding ideals—will we again be a country admired and respected at home and abroad. — General James Mattis
Ulysses S Grant Memorial, Washington, DC
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13 thoughts on "Mattis to Military: Don't Obey Trump's Illegal Orders"
bill Bush on June 4, 2020 at 3:07 pm said:
First para after the tweets, I think your text-to-speech typed Troops instead of Trump.
maha on June 4, 2020 at 4:02 pm said:
Mattis got the term of endearment "mad dog" from his troops? That's what I meant to type. He didn't get it from Trump.
Stephen Stralka on June 4, 2020 at 3:07 pm said:
It's not just the Constitution either. Trump is violating the Declaration of Independence in at least these particulars:
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither…
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone…
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us…
Bernie on June 4, 2020 at 3:15 pm said:
It really looks like Trump and Co. is at least sending up trial balloons for ways to stay in power. Mad Dog went public. He has been solid in not doing so for a long time. He did not do so from an uniformed or undisciplined position. That his release was done, in combination with other high level military leaders, would suggest a shoulder to shoulder agreement with high level peers.
One would have to think that Trump and company has found some loyal high level military persons who he thinks he can count upon. In normal times such thinking is rated at best as neurotic and psychotic at the conspirator theory level could not be ruled out. The question then becomes, are times abnormal enough, that one should prepare that this is a reasonable fear considering all the stress factors in play. It is hard to explain why Gens. Mathis and Allen went public for any other reason than they saw large warning signs of a problem developing.
It is considered a curse not a blessing to live in interesting times, and of late the times have been way too interesting. I am beginning to feel cursed.
moonbat on June 4, 2020 at 9:11 pm said:
In any group, like the military or religious organization, there will be two sets of people: those who have the backbone to take a stand and resist, and those who will submit to the leader. In every age, in every circumstance this is so. It's a test that divides people in any age. Mattis happened to be one who came out for the angels. There will be those who don't. In any age.
c u n d gulag on June 4, 2020 at 4:12 pm said:
I genuinely appreciate the former leaders of our military coming out of their self-imposed codes-of-silence to spank our bunker-baby's zip-code sized fat ass-cheeks!
But with them coming out, can we hope that some Republican members in the US House and Senate will join that chorus?
Silly me. I was kidding. Of course not!
These gutless weasels are still too afraid of tRUMP's fat Twitter thumbs; and, even more importantly, his flock of Fascist MAGAt followers! Their next reelections will continue to depend on these ignorant, authoritarian MAGA brutes. Or they will until tRUMPism is crushed, or the Republican Party takes an anti-Authoritarian turn. The prior will take a long time, if it ever happens; and the latter is exremely unlikely.
No one should think that the noble efforts of these former military leaders will stifle tRUMP's Authoritarian tendencies. He never backs-down. He doubles-down!
He still has ALL of the power he had a week ago. Hopefully, him being chastised by former military leaders will give today's active military leaders pause.
But tRUMP won't skip a beat!*
There's a reelection to win!
And a long prison term to avoid!
So, if we thought this year's election was going to be filthy, that level of filth just went up astronomically!
And if we prevail in November, and tRUMP steps down, we can't rest. Ever.
tRUMPism is just America's take on Fascism. He is the template upon which others can build. tRUMPism will linger, even if tRUMP's no longer a prime-time player. The Republican Party has been shaping its own constituency ever since Nixon used his Southern Strategy – which was his strategy to appeal to disaffected bigoted Southern Democrats pissed at LBJ's CR and VR Acts. And with the path the GOP cleared for itself, a tRUMP was inevitable. And so will the next tRUMP be inevitable.
Imo, the next tRUMP is already here. His name is Tom Cotton, military veteran, Harvard Law grad, and current US Senator from Arkansas!
Read his NY Times Op-ed piece in yesterday's paper.
*It wouldn't shock me if tRUMP makes another attempt at solidifying his power and making another try before November's election. If there's a spark anywhere, look for tRUMP to try to pour gasoline on it, so he can call in his latest toy: Shock Troops – military units with no insignias to identify them.
Be afraid. Very afraid.
doug on June 4, 2020 at 4:56 pm said:
One other consideration is the ethos of soldiers. The loyalty soldiers have to each other is powerful. Forty percent of the active-duty US military is non-white. The military is not free of racism but you can't openly fly the flag of white supremacy if you wear a uniform. There's a lot of evidence that the military is a meritocracy (re promotions) that ignores race. This didn't happen accidentally or overnight. Race-relations training is mandatory or was.
General James Mattis, General Mike Mullen, and General John Allen gave legal cover to every soldier who is inclined to disobey an order to use force to crush protesters. The people in the military are inclined to stick together. If even ONE member of the Joint Chiefs or Staff resigns rather than give an order to deploy troops in a manner he/she considers unconstitutional, ANY member of the military has "cover" legally if charges are brought under the UCMJ to make the defense that it's the DUTY of any officer or soldier to refuse to carry out an illegal order. Substantiating the defense that the order was illegal is the trick – but three senior officers (retired) made that a slam-dunk.
An anecdote which relates:
Back , in '76 when I was in the US Navy I got in a bit of trouble (long story) and wound up in restriction on Treasure Island in SF Bay. This was enforced restriction, not quite as severe as the brig or stockade for those of you from the Army, but it was enforced by MPs in a building with bars on the windows and guards at the only entrance to the building. We were farmed out in work details (chain-gang without the chains) for menial work around the base and closely monitored. It's the only time after boot camp I ever marched in formation.
There was a short dim-witted clown in charge who fancied he was John Wayne. He really got a thrill out of asserting his authority. It grated on our nerves and we mocked him without mercy behind his back and to his face. We finished up some BS job and were on the way back to the open-bay barracks (we thought) when this joker started marching us around the island. I don't know if he thought he was disciplining us. We tolerated about three wrong turns before we marched ourselves, in formation, to the restricted barracks ignoring any and all shouts to stop, about face and all the rest. By common consent, not any plan, we waited in ranks to be dismissed to the barracks After a few minutes when it was clear we'd only obey orders we agreed with, he let us go. We returned to the building in good order.
Trump is a dim-wit. He thinks if he gives a command, all must obey. His contempt for the concepts of discipline and leadership are obvious. By now, somebody has told Trump – if you give orders to the military to apply military force against unarmed American demonstrators, it's likely the armed forces will decline. That puts Trump in the position of looking ridiculous and weak which Trump knows will be fatal in November.
I enjoyed your story of suffering under dimwits. I can relate.
if you give orders to the military to apply military force against unarmed American demonstrators, it's likely the armed forces will decline.
That's the question. When will somebody stand up to Trump and laugh in his face. There is nothing there but a lot of emptiness. All it takes is the perception to see this and the courage to act. Mattis demonstrated this.
Ki on June 4, 2020 at 7:17 pm said:
To late for US baby merc's.
After they fell into line for an illegal war of conquest against Iraq plus using the war crimes of torture, illegal kidnapping and detention, mass murder, and all too many others to list any "honor" or principles they ever had went down the toilet the first time they used the nuremberg defense of "just obeying orders" whenever they were caught in criminal activities.
So after obeying illegal orders for almost almost 2 decades now why should anyone expect them to grow a back bone now?
Oh and don't forget organized movement by white supremeist's to infiltrate this baby merc force.
F. George Dunham, III on June 4, 2020 at 7:23 pm said:
Trump is in violation. He bad man. I don't think he thinks at all. He only has hot air and no show. It makes me much concerened if a man of power is so upset by his ego that he try to cover it with his blusterful maniacry. We need to all unite to unite over him in November before it's too late and December is upon us with four years of marital laws.
Thank God Mattis stepped forward. Read elsewhere that the reaction from Republicans is "well, that's his opinion". Spineless cowards.
Frank Rich wrote about similar themes as your post, how our time isn't 1918 + 1929 + 1968, it's more like 1868, when Andrew Johnson and Ulysses Grant were in the national spotlight.
Rich concludes:
…"There is no such thing as rock bottom," wrote George Will this week. "So, assume the worst is yet to come." What form will that take? We know by now that 40 percent of the public and, George Will notwithstanding, 99 percent of Republican leaders and financial backers will remain loyal to Trump no matter what. We know that none of them complained when their voters, who define "liberty" as their right to spread new lethal waves of COVID-19 with impunity, carried assault weapons into state capitols. We know that Trump pointedly vowed yet again to "protect the rights of law-abiding Americans, including your Second Amendment rights" in his brief Rose Garden address ostensibly deploring George Floyd's murder before marching to St. John's church on Monday.
You don't need to be woke, only awake, to see what's going on here and to ask once again, more desperately than ever, why Trump's toadies in Washington continue to do nothing as our country teeters toward the abyss.
hen fascism arrives, it demands everyone to take a side. Mattis took his. Most religious leaders are taking theirs. Republican toadies are taking theirs. It's a polarizing force that spares no one.
Tom Elliot on June 5, 2020 at 1:01 am said:
One point of clarification for an otherwise excellent commentary. Mike Mullen is an Admiral, not a General. Minor point in the larger scheme of things but important to the individuals involved.


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In a remote area of north-central Tanzania, men leave their huts on foot, armed with bows and poison-tipped arrows, to hunt for their next meal. Dinner could come in the form of a small bird, a towering giraffe or something in between. Meanwhile, women gather tubers, berries and other fruits.
This is everyday life for the Hadza, an indigenous ethnic group living around Lake Eyasi in East Africa and one of the last hunter-gatherer populations on Earth.
The Hadza live a very different kind of lifestyle — and a very active one, engaging in significantly more physical activity than what is recommended by U.S. government standards. They also have extremely low risk of cardiovascular disease.
University of Arizona anthropologist David Raichlen and his collaborators, Brian Wood of Yale University and Herman Pontzer of Hunter College, have spent several years studying the lifestyle of the Hadza, which they say provides a glimpse into how our ancestors lived tens of thousands of years ago, and how that way of life may have impacted human evolution, especially with regard to exercise and health.
A new paper authored by Raichlen and his collaborators and published in the American Journal of Human Biology details how much time the Hadza spend engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or MVPA, which is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that people engage in 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity activity — about 30 minutes a day, five times a week — or about 75 minutes per week of vigorous intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of the two. However, few Americans achieve those levels.
The Hadza, on the other hand, meet those weekly recommendations in a mere two days, engaging in about 75 minutes per day of MVPA, researchers found.
Furthermore, and consistent with the literature identifying aerobic activity as a key element necessary to a healthy lifestyle, researchers' health screenings of Hadza people have shown that the population has extremely low risk for heart disease.
While physical activity may not be entirely responsible for the low risk levels — diet and other factors may also play a role — exercise does seem to be important, Raichlen said, which is significant because humans' physical activity levels have drastically declined as we have transitioned from hunting and gathering to farming to the Industrial Revolution to where we are today.
"Over the last couple of centuries, we've become more and more sedentary, and the big shift seems to have occurred in the middle of the last century, when people's work lives became more sedentary," Raichlen said.
While other studies on hunter-gatherer populations have relied on observational data, Raichlen and his colleagues gathered quantitative data using chest-strap heart rate monitors and GPS trackers to record how far and how fast the Hadza people travel on a daily basis. Hadza study participants put on the monitors at the beginning of the day and handed them over each night to the researchers, who lived amid the Hadza during the study period.
"This is the first study that's looked at their cardiovascular intensity throughout the day, so it helps us understand a little bit more about what cardiovascular intensity levels are like in this lifestyle," Raichlen said.
Notably, Raichlen said, Hadza adults' activity levels don't seem to fluctuate much over their lifespan.
Of the fewer than 1,000 Hadza left, an estimated 300 to 400 of them are full-time hunter-gatherers. They live a nomadic lifestyle, moving around every month or two but staying in the Lake Eyasi region. Although there have been attempts by the Tanzanian government and foreign missionaries to settle the Hadza, with the introduction of agriculture and Christianity, those efforts largely have failed, with the Hadza choosing to maintain their traditional lifestyle.
For anthropologists such as Raichlen, working with the population provides a unique opportunity to learn about a lifestyle that is more similar — although not identical — to that of our ancestors. Study participants take part in the research voluntarily and communicate with researchers mainly in Swahili.
"This gives us a window into what physical activity levels were we like for quite a while during our evolutionary history, and, not surprisingly, it's more than we do now," Raichlen said. "Perhaps surprisingly, it's a whole lot more than we do now.


text:
require 'rails/generators/base'
require 'rails/generators/active_record'

module ShopifyApp
  module Generators
    class InstallGenerator < Rails::Generators::Base
      include Rails::Generators::Migration
      source_root File.expand_path('../templates', __FILE__)
      attr_reader :opts

      def initialize(args, *options)
        @opts = Hash[options.first.join(' ').scan(/--?([^=\s]+)(?:=(\S+))?/)]
        @opts = @opts.with_indifferent_access
        @opts.reverse_merge!(defaults)
        super(args, *options)
      end

      def defaults
        {
          api_key: '<api_key>',
          secret: '<secret>',
          redirect_uri: '<redirect_uri>',
          scope: 'read_orders, read_products',
          embedded: 'true'
        }
      end

      def create_shopify_app_initializer
        template 'shopify_app.rb', 'config/initializers/shopify_app.rb'
      end

      def create_and_inject_into_omniauth_initializer
        unless File.exist? "config/initializers/omniauth.rb"
          copy_file 'omniauth.rb', 'config/initializers/omniauth.rb'
        end

        inject_into_file(
          'config/initializers/omniauth.rb',
          File.read(File.expand_path(find_in_source_paths('shopify_provider.rb'))),
          after: "Rails.application.config.middleware.use OmniAuth::Builder do\n"
        )
      end

      def create_shopify_session_repository_initializer
        copy_file 'shopify_session_repository.rb', 'config/initializers/shopify_session_repository.rb'
      end

      def inject_embedded_app_options_to_application
        if embedded_app?
          application "config.action_dispatch.default_headers.delete('X-Frame-Options')"
          application "config.action_dispatch.default_headers['P3P'] = 'CP=\"Not used\"'"
        end
      end

      def inject_into_application_controller
        inject_into_class(
          "app/controllers/application_controller.rb",
          'ApplicationController',
          "  include ShopifyApp::Controller\n"
        )
      end

      def create_embedded_app_layout
        if embedded_app?
          copy_file 'embedded_app.html.erb', 'app/views/layouts/embedded_app.html.erb'
        end
      end

      def create_home_controller
        template 'home_controller.rb', 'app/controllers/home_controller.rb'
      end

      def create_home_index_view
        copy_file 'index.html.erb', 'app/views/home/index.html.erb'
        if embedded_app?
          prepend_to_file(
            'app/views/home/index.html.erb',
            File.read(File.expand_path(find_in_source_paths('shopify_app_ready_script.html')))
          )
        end
      end

      def add_home_index_route
        route "mount ShopifyApp::Engine, at: '/'"
        route "root :to => 'home#index'"
      end

      private

      def embedded_app?
        opts[:embedded] != 'false'
      end

    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub