text:
Sustained demand in Norway's internal market has offset a little of SAS's woes (photo: Stephen Mason)
December 3rd, 2020 1:25 pm| by Luke Roberts
It was with a grimace that SAS's president and CEO Rickard Gustafson unveiled the airline's accounts this morning. In a year in which the coronavirus pandemic has decimated the travel industry, SAS could count itself among the victims.
The last financial year saw the airline run up a deficit equivalent to 6.8 billion kroner – the biggest in its history.
With passenger figures down 75 percent on the previous financial year this is no real surprise, but the damage has been accelerated by a 700,000 kroner flurry of ticket reimbursements in the last quarter.
READ MORE: SAS overwhelmed with coronavirus refund demands
"The financial year 2020 was of course strongly affected by the pandemic. Since March, most of our traffic has been suspended, and demand has not yet returned to the same level as in recent years," Gustafson explained.
In fact, SAS predict that, despite increased demand in the coming years, passenger numbers will not return to their pre-COVID levels until 2022.
"I would like to take this opportunity to apologize to those customers who have experienced unsatisfactory response times [for ticket reimbursements], which are caused by an unseen situation for the entire aviation industry," he continued.
Despite these dreary reports, things could be worse. SAS have more aircraft in the air at the moment than some of their biggest competitors, including Lufthansa, Air France and British Airways.
All these airlines typically dwarf SAS in flight numbers but sustained demand for internal flights within in Norway has kept flight numbers relatively high.
SAS ranked fifth overall for total flights last week with 268, closely followed by Norwegian minnow Widerøe – demonstrating the value of Norway's domestic market.
However, with occupancy rates of just 37 percent – half what they were before the pandemic – SAS staff may hold off on the celebrations for now.


text:
Gluons (ˈɡluːɒnz; ) are elementary particle
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure; that is, it is not known to be made up of smaller particles. If an elementary particle truly has no substructure, then it is one of the basic building blocks of the universe from which...
s which act as the exchange particles (or gauge boson
Gauge boson
In particle physics, gauge bosons are bosonic particles that act as carriers of the fundamental forces of nature. More specifically, elementary particles whose interactions are described by gauge theory exert forces on each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles.-...
s) for the color force between quark
A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never directly...
s, analogous to the exchange of photon
In physics, a photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic interaction and the basic unit of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is also the force carrier for the electromagnetic force...
s in the electromagnetic force between two charged particle
Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. It may be either a subatomic particle or an ion. A collection of charged particles, or even a gas containing a proportion of charged particles, is called a plasma, which is called the fourth state of matter because its...
Since quarks make up the baryon
Baryon
A baryon is a composite particle made up of three quarks . Baryons and mesons belong to the hadron family, which are the quark-based particles...
s, and the strong interaction
Strong interaction
In particle physics, the strong interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, the others being electromagnetism, the weak interaction and gravitation. As with the other fundamental interactions, it is a non-contact force...
takes place between baryons, one could say that the color force is the source of the strong interaction, or that the strong interaction is like a residual color force which extends beyond the baryons, for example when proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....
s and neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...
s are bound together in a nucleus
Atomic nucleus
The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. It was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's interpretation of the famous 1909 Rutherford experiment performed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, under the direction of Rutherford. The...
In technical terms, they are vector
Vector field
In vector calculus, a vector field is an assignmentof a vector to each point in a subset of Euclidean space. A vector field in the plane for instance can be visualized as an arrow, with a given magnitude and direction, attached to each point in the plane...
s that mediate strong interaction
s of quark
s in quantum chromodynamics
Quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics is a theory of the strong interaction , a fundamental force describing the interactions of the quarks and gluons making up hadrons . It is the study of the SU Yang–Mills theory of color-charged fermions...
(QCD). Unlike the electrically neutral
Electric charge
Electric charge is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when near other electrically charged matter. Electric charge comes in two types, called positive and negative. Two positively charged substances, or objects, experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two...
of quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved...
(QED), gluons themselves carry color charge
Color charge
In particle physics, color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics . Color charge has analogies with the notion of electric charge of particles, but because of the mathematical complications of QCD,...
and therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED.
The gluon is a vector boson; like the photon
, it has a spin
Spin (physics)
In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is a fundamental characteristic property of elementary particles, composite particles , and atomic nuclei.It is worth noting that the intrinsic property of subatomic particles called spin and discussed in this article, is related in some small ways,...
of 1 (see Ellis–Karliner angle). While massive spin-1 particles have three polarization states, massless gauge bosons like the gluon have only two polarization states because gauge invariance requires the polarization to be transverse. In quantum field theory
Quantum field theory
Quantum field theory provides a theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of systems classically parametrized by an infinite number of dynamical degrees of freedom, that is, fields and many-body systems. It is the natural and quantitative language of particle physics and...
, unbroken gauge invariance requires that gauge bosons have zero mass (experiment limits the gluon's mass to less than a few MeV/c2). The gluon has negative intrinsic parity
Parity (physics)
In physics, a parity transformation is the flip in the sign of one spatial coordinate. In three dimensions, it is also commonly described by the simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates:...
Numerology of gluons
Unlike the single photon
of QED or the three W and Z bosons
W and Z bosons
The W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak interaction; their symbols are , and . The W bosons have a positive and negative electric charge of 1 elementary charge respectively and are each other's antiparticle. The Z boson is electrically neutral and its own...
of the weak interaction
Weak interaction
Weak interaction , is one of the four fundamental forces of nature, alongside the strong nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravity. It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic particles and initiates the process known as hydrogen fusion in stars...
, there are eight independent types of gluon in QCD.
This may be difficult to understand intuitively. Quark
s carry three types of color charge
; antiquarks carry three types of anticolor. Gluons may be thought of as carrying both color and anticolor, but to correctly understand how they are combined, it is necessary to consider the mathematics of color charge in more detail.
Color charge and superposition
In quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics or quantum theory, is a branch of physics providing a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter. It departs from classical mechanics primarily at the atomic and subatomic...
, the states of particles may be added according to the principle of superposition
Quantum superposition
Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. It holds that a physical system exists in all its particular, theoretically possible states simultaneously; but, when measured, it gives a result corresponding to only one of the possible configurations.Mathematically, it...
; that is, they may be in a "combined state" with a probability, if some particular quantity is measured, of giving several different outcomes. A relevant illustration in the case at hand would be a gluon with a color state described by:
This is read as "red–antiblue plus blue–antired". (The factor of the square root of two is required for normalization, a detail which is not crucial to understand in this discussion.) If one were somehow able to make a direct measurement of the color of a gluon in this state, there would be a 50% chance of it having red–antiblue color charge and a 50% chance of blue–antired color charge.
Color singlet states
It is often said that the stable strongly interacting particles
In particle physics, a hadron is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force...
(Hadrons) observed in nature are "colorless", but more precisely they are in a "color singlet" state, which is mathematically analogous to a spin singlet state. Such states allow interaction with other color singlets, but not with other color states; because long-range gluon interactions do not exist, this illustrates that gluons in the singlet state do not exist either.
The color singlet state is:
In words, if one could measure the color of the state, there would be equal probabilities of it being red-antired, blue-antiblue, or green-antigreen.
Eight gluon colors
There are eight remaining independent color states, which correspond to the "eight types" or "eight colors" of gluons. Because states can be mixed together as discussed above, there are many ways of presenting these states, which are known as the "color octet". One commonly used list is:
These are equivalent to the Gell-Mann matrices
Gell-Mann matrices
The Gell-Mann matrices, named for Murray Gell-Mann, are one possible representation of the infinitesimal generators of the special unitary group called SU....
; the translation between the two is that red-antired is the upper-left matrix entry, red-antiblue is the left middle entry, blue-antigreen is the bottom middle entry, and so on. The critical feature of these particular eight states is that they are linearly independent, and also independent of the singlet state; there is no way to add any combination of states to produce any other. (It is also impossible to add them to make r, g, or b otherwise the forbidden singlet state could also be made.) There are many other possible choices, but all are mathematically equivalent, at least equally complex, and give the same physical results.
Group theory details
Technically, QCD is a gauge theory
Gauge theory
In physics, gauge invariance is the property of a field theory in which different configurations of the underlying fundamental but unobservable fields result in identical observable quantities. A theory with such a property is called a gauge theory...
with SU(3) gauge symmetry. Quarks are introduced as spinor fields
Spinor
In mathematics and physics, in particular in the theory of the orthogonal groups , spinors are elements of a complex vector space introduced to expand the notion of spatial vector. Unlike tensors, the space of spinors cannot be built up in a unique and natural way from spatial vectors...
in Nf flavor
Flavour (particle physics)
In particle physics, flavour or flavor is a quantum number of elementary particles. In quantum chromodynamics, flavour is a global symmetry...
s, each in the fundamental representation
Fundamental representation
In representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, a fundamental representation is an irreducible finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie group...
(triplet, denoted 3) of the color gauge group, SU(3). The gluons are vector fields in the adjoint representation (octets, denoted 8) of color SU(3). For a general gauge group
Lie group
In mathematics, a Lie group is a group which is also a differentiable manifold, with the property that the group operations are compatible with the smooth structure...
, the number of force-carriers (like photons or gluons) is always equal to the dimension of the adjoint representation. For the simple case of SU(N), the dimension of this representation is .
In terms of group theory, the assertion that there are no color singlet gluons is simply the statement that quantum chromodynamics
has an SU(3) rather than a U(3) symmetry. There is no known a priori
A priori and a posteriori (philosophy)
The terms a priori and a posteriori are used in philosophy to distinguish two types of knowledge, justifications or arguments...
reason for one group to be preferred over the other, but as discussed above, the experimental evidence supports SU(3).
Since gluons themselves carry color charge, they participate in strong interactions. These gluon-gluon interactions constrain color fields to string-like objects called "flux tubes", which exert constant force when stretched. Due to this force, quark
s are confined within composite particles called hadron
s. This effectively limits the range of the strong interaction to meters, roughly the size of an atomic nucleus
. Beyond a certain distance, the energy of the flux tube binding two quarks increases linearly. At a large enough distance, it becomes energetically more favorable to pull a quark-antiquark pair out of the vacuum rather than increase the length of the flux tube.
Gluons also share this property of being confined within hadrons. One consequence is that gluons are not directly involved in the nuclear force
Nuclear force
The nuclear force is the force between two or more nucleons. It is responsible for binding of protons and neutrons into atomic nuclei. The energy released causes the masses of nuclei to be less than the total mass of the protons and neutrons which form them...
s between hadrons. The force mediators for these are other hadrons called meson
Meson
In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by the strong interaction. Because mesons are composed of sub-particles, they have a physical size, with a radius roughly one femtometer: 10−15 m, which is about the size of a proton...
Although in the normal phase of QCD single gluons may not travel freely, it is predicted that there exist hadron
s which are formed entirely of gluons — called glueball
Glueball
In particle physics, a glueball is a hypothetical composite particle. It consists solely of gluon particles, without valence quarks. Such a state is possible because gluons carry color charge and experience the strong interaction...
s. There are also conjectures about other exotic hadron
Exotic hadron
Exotic hadrons are subatomic particles made of quarks , but which do not fit into the usual scheme of hadrons. While bound by the strong interaction they are not predicted by the simple quark model...
s in which real gluons (as opposed to virtual
Virtual particle
In physics, a virtual particle is a particle that exists for a limited time and space. The energy and momentum of a virtual particle are uncertain according to the uncertainty principle...
ones found in ordinary hadrons) would be primary constituents. Beyond the normal phase of QCD (at extreme temperatures and pressures), quark gluon plasma forms. In such a plasma there are no hadrons; quarks and gluons become free particles.
Experimental observations
The first direct experimental evidence of gluons was found in 1979 when three-jet events
Three jet event
In particle physics, a three-jet event is an event with many particles in final state that appear to be clustered in three jets. A single jet consists of particles that fly off in roughly the same direction. One can draw three cones from the interaction point, corresponding to the jets, and most...
were observed at the electron-positron collider PETRA
PETRA is one of the particle accelerators at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. From 1978 to 1986 it was used to study electron–positron collisions. It was here that the TASSO collaboration found the first direct evidence for gluons in three jet events...
. However, just before PETRA appeared on the scene, the PLUTO experiment at DORIS showed Y(9.46) decay event topologies very suggestive of a three-gluon decay.
By measuring the distribution of the Ellis–Karliner angle at the PETRA
electron–positron storage ring at DESY
The DESY is the biggest German research center for particle physics, with sites in Hamburg and Zeuthen....
, physicists determined that the gluon has spin
one rather than spin zero or spin two. Subsequent experiments at the LEP storage ring at CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research , known as CERN , is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border...
confirmed this result.
Experimentally, confinement is verified by the failure of free quark searches. Free gluons have never been observed; however at Fermilab single production of top quarks has been statistically shown. Although there have been hints of exotic hadrons, no glueball has been observed either. Quark-gluon plasma
Quark-gluon plasma
A quark–gluon plasma or quark soup is a phase of quantum chromodynamics which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density. This phase consists of asymptotically free quarks and gluons, which are several of the basic building blocks of matter...
has been found recently at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is one of two existing heavy-ion colliders, and the only spin-polarized proton collider in the world. It is located at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York and operated by an international team of researchers...
(RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory , is a United States national laboratory located in Upton, New York on Long Island, and was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base...
(BNL).
Quark model
In physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks which give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons....
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the mid to late 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon...
Three-jet events
Deep inelastic scattering
Deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons , using electrons, muons and neutrinos. It provided the first convincing evidence of the reality of quarks, which up until that point had been considered by many to be a purely mathematical phenomenon...
Summary tables in the "Review of particle physics"
DESY glossary
Logbook of gluon discovery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
What Does OML Mean? Correct and Verified Definition
March 11, 2022 by Staff Writer
In texting, social networking and Snapchat, OML stands for "Oh My Lord." This terminology is commonly used to express shock or astonishment while viewing a certain Snap or text message. In addition, OML (Outline Markup Language) is an XML format for outlines. The standard is intended to expand on the concepts present in OPML to address some of its shortcomings.
So, we may say that OML has two different (frequently used) meanings depending on how and when it is used.
What Does OML Mean
What Does OML Mean in Texting and Snapchat
What Does OML Mean in XML Format
Other Meanings Associated with the Word OML
When the internet and text messaging became widespread in the 1990s, people began to use either OMG or OML. While not as popular as OMG, OML is still used and is regarded as amusing. Both can mean Oh my God or Oh my Lord.
The structure of Outline Markup Language is similar to that of OPML. Its supporters believe that, while it is as easy and flexible as OPML, its extension method is superior to OPML. It is stated that the generated papers are easier to parse than equivalent OPML documents.
Readers of OPML have no idea what attributes others may have added to standard elements; therefore, an element the reader wishes to parse may include a mix of known and unknown properties.
Oh My Life
Oh My Lanta
Oklahoma Municipal League
https://www.dictionary.com/e/acronyms/oml/
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/oml
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text:
Dutch passport - Credit: sannie32 / DepositPhotos - License: DepositPhotos
Saturday, March 14, 2020 - 23:39
Coronavirus chaos: Entry bans, flight cancellations, Dutch issue 14 advisories
Dozens of countries and territories implemented emergency measures to contain or prevent an outbreak of coronavirus in their lands on Saturday. While Dutch airline KLM said it would work to repatriate passengers, its subsidiary Transavia recommend people scheduled on cancelled flights quickly rebook their tickets to an available option if possible.
As a response, the Dutch government updated its travel advice to 14 different countries. A short description of these advisories follows this article.
Holiday tour provider Corendon said it was cancelling the vacations of 28 thousand travelers over the next four weeks, with free rebooking at a later date. Tour operators Sunweb and Prijsvrij reportedly did the same, and TUI was considering the move.
KLM will begin repatriating its stranded passengers wherever possible, it said. "If a country bans passengers from entry, but flights are allowed, KLM will operate as much as possible to allow passengers who are in that country to return home," the airline stated.
Aruba, Curacao and Suriname, as well as the Dutch Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Sint-Eustatius and Saba, will not allow passenger flights from the Netherlands, nor from other European countries. TUI said it would fly empty planes to Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao and Suriname to bring its stranded passengers back to the Netherlands.
Almost a dozen airlines have canceled all flights to and from Schiphol, as of 1 p.m. on Saturday. They include Alitalia, American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Czech Airlines, Delta, El Al, Iran Air, Level, SunExpress, Surinam Airways and Turkish Airlines.
Netherlands travel advisories issued on Saturday
The Dutch government cautioned that the countries of Bolivia, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hong Kong, Malta, Myanmar, New Zealand, Portugal and Slovakia could all make rapid policy decisions that could affect whether or not travelers will be allowed to enter or leave their land. The same words of caution were issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the countries listed below, in addition to more concrete warnings:
Columbia has an entry ban in place for all passengers arriving from Asia or Europe for the next 14 days. Its own citizens and legal residents are only permitted to enter under quarantine rules.
Cyprus will put in place travel restrictions beginning Sunday.
Denmark started restricting access to people entering and leaving the country from Saturday. It also affected people traveling by ground transportation.
Morocco will no longer accept flights into its airspace at 8 a.m. on Sunday, and no flights may depart Morocco after 12 p.m. on Sunday. Ferry crossings to Ceuta were to stop from 8 p.m. on Sunday, the Ministry said, but reports from AFP and Reuters suggested only Spanish citizens were allowed to use the ferry to return to Spain.
Poland will start restricting border access from 12:01 a.m. on Sunday.
Russia will permit air travel only via Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow to European Union capitals, the Ministry said.
Taiwan will force anyone arriving from the Netherlands and all other Schengen Area countries, Ireland and the United Kingdom into quarantine beginning March 17. The quarantine will last 14 days.
Ukraine will restrict entrance and exit across its borders from Sunday.
Vietnam will ban entry to anyone who has been in a Schengen Area country over the past 14 days. The ban will begin at noon on Sunday, the Ministry stated, adding that travelers from the Netherlands could potentially face a 14-day quarantine.


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Home/Love/Romance/How to Know It's True Love: 15 Signs Your Relationship is For Real
Anuoluwapo Agboke June 24, 2019
How to know true love is one of the hardest tasks man faces on earth. As love is the greatest power of all, you can imagine how hard it is to find someone asides family who will show you true love. While some people come from love, others are not as lucky to be born into real love, let alone find it. A lot of us think we know true love until we ask what true love in a relationship is, what is true love between a man and a woman or can true love only exist between a man and a woman. Unbeknownst to many, there are different types of love and before one can understand love, they must understand what true love means. Love is in 8 forms: Eros, which is erotic love, philia is affectionate love, storge is familiar love, pragma is an enduring love, mania is an obsessive love, philautia is self-love, ludus is playful love, and agape is selfless love. True love cannot be defined, it can only be described, felt and shown. You can spend your time searching for 20 signs of true love and taking true love quizzes, reading true love quotes and testing the true love of a boy or girl, if you don't feel it, it is not true love.
Here are 15 signs on how to know true love.
1 Mutual respect
3 Selfless
4 Unconditional
5 Attentive
6 Tolerant
7 Non-judgmental
8 Slow to anger
9 Growth
10 Teamwork
True love thrives on mutual respect. Mutual respect in a relationship is one factor that will sustain a relationship. Respect for someone is admiring the person in all aspects of their life. It's about knowing who someone is, what they stand for, your differences for and accepting them as they are. Mutual respect is one sign it's true love.
True love can be trusted. When you trust someone and vice versa no matter what, it's a show of love. For the fact that you have a strong belief in the words and actions of your partner, love is in the air.
True love is selfless. When its true love, your heart is not focused on fulfilling your own selfish desires, it will be more focused on giving love. You must give love to receive love, however, love is not reciprocal. Selfless love is about fulfilling your partner's needs as well as yours, to reach a common goal. If your love is selfless, you'd want to see your partner happy.
True love is unconditional. No matter what happens true love will never die. True love is wholehearted, unlimited, not bound by conditions. For love to be unconditional it must be complete. Unconditional love is the presence of friendship, eros, charity, and affection.
True love pays attention to your feelings and needs. True love pays attention to your character and behaviour. Attention is the sole need of most people in a relationship, attention is the recognition of one's person. In your partner doesn't recognise you and refuses to recognise your feelings, it is not true love.
True love is tolerant. It's true love when your partner accommodates your excesses. There's a difference between tolerating someone and tolerating their excesses. True love will tolerate your shortcomings, pending the time things change for the better or if that's just who you are. Everyone is different, but you have a choice to accept anyone's differences, and when your partner accepts yours, it's a sign of true love.
Non-judgmental
True love is non-judgemental. To be non-judgemental it means to accept others for who they are, without condemnation. If your partner condemns your person, then their love is not true.
Slow to anger
True love is slow to anger. Any partner that tempers quickly by any action of yours does not truly love you. True love doesn't mean your partner cannot get angry at you, it only means when there's love, your partner temper doesn't come to play often. Tolerance supports this aspect of love.
True love supports growth, both personal and relationship growth. True love does not take from you or break you down. Even though it may not end in marriage, anyone who has experienced true love will always be grateful to the growth they experienced. When in love you grow in all ramifications as a person and as a unit, true love is not toxic.
In a relationship, it takes two to tango. True love is not one-sided, it is a team effort. Teamwork in a relationship is a sign of true love. Teamwork is about picking up wherever your partner slacks in given circumstances in the relationship. When your partner refuses help or pulls their own weight, it is not true love.
Easy communication
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Everybody talks but does everyone communicate. Communication is the exchange of messages to aid mutual understanding. When you love someone, it is very easy to express yourself to them and vice versa. Communication becomes easy because your partner understands and respects you as a person, therefore, can read more meaning to your interactions.
True love is fearless. Love is unafraid of barriers, commitment, getting hurt, taking big steps, societal opinions. If your love is true, you and your partner will express no fear towards things that would tear you down as a person.
True love heals all wounds. Love makes you feel cared for, protected, inspired, hopeful, happy and positive. Healing starts from within, hopefulness is the first stages of a healing journey, be it emotional, psychological, social or physical. Having that belief and hope love provides, will heal you rather than break you down further. True love heals pain and strengthens you.
True love is sacred. You see divineness in your relationship and partner and the unity of both parties as one, that is when you find a sacred bond. The sacredness of love is felt, and not said. Love cannot be cheated or toyed with as true love is sacred.
True love requires sacrifice. When you truly love and are truly loved, you make sacrifices to fully harness that love. These sacrifices are such that will benefit you and your partner in the long run. A partner who cannot make necessary and sensible sacrifices for you does not truly love you.
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text:
François Grivet, né le  à Lyon et mort dans cette même commune le , est un architecte et ingénieur français.

Biographie

François Grivet étudie à La Martinière à Lyon puis entre à l'école des beaux-arts de Lyon en 1841.

Il a étudié et fait exécuter le funiculaire de Saint-Just.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Naissance en décembre 1825
Naissance à Lyon
Décès en août 1886
Décès à Lyon
Architecte français du XIXe siècle
Ingénieur français
Élève de l'École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon
Décès à 60 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Twins Daily Front Page News
The Talented Mr. Henry
ron henry
By Seth Stohs,
February 6, 2022 in Twins Daily Front Page News
Seth Stohs
Twitter: sethtweets
February is Black History Month, and over the coming weeks, Twins Daily will have a series of articles on African Americans in Minnesota Twins history. There have been award winners, All Stars, and even a couple of Hall of Famers, but many of these articles will be highlighting some lesser-known players. Today we feature a guy who played in just 42 games for the Twins and over 1,100 games in the minor leagues.
Ron Henry was born in 1936 in Chester, Pennsylvania. Because of some illness in his family, he missed some school. That said, he became a top baseball prospect in the northeast, displaying a strong arm behind the plate and some power.
In 1954, he signed with the Milwaukee Braves, just over a year after the team relocated from Boston. He played in their minor-league system through the 1960 season. At the end of the year, the Twins selected him in the 1960 Rule 5 draft.
In order to keep his services, Henry made the Twins Opening Day roster in 1961, the team's first year in Minnesota. That said, he was the team's third catcher and played in just 20 games the whole year. He had four hits in 28 at-bats (.143).
He played in Triple-A Vancouver in 1962. In 1963, he started at Triple-A Dallas-Ft. Worth and then ended the season at Double-A Charlotte. After 54 games in Charlotte in 1964, he played 22 more games in the big leagues. He was still the third catcher, so there wasn't a lot of playing time. He went 5-for-41 (.122), but he did hit a double, a triple, and two home runs.
He played for the Twins Triple-A team, now located in Denver, in 1965, 1966, and the start of the 1967 season. He then ended that season and started the 1968 season in the Astros system before retiring from the game of baseball at the age of 31 after 15 professional seasons.
After concluding his playing career, Ron Henry spent some time in the Army before returning to Denver where he began a career that lasted over 35 years.
He became a legend in the Denver club scene, mostly for good reasons. He could play instruments and was known as a jazzman. He could sing and led a group called Ron Henry and Pride. Colorado Music Hall of Famer Lannie Garrett came to Denver and heard Henry perform. She asked if she could join him and was a background vocalist for the next couple of years. They opened for the likes of Ray Charles and Tina Turner.
Along with the music, Ron Henry also performed in plays in the Denver theaters and dinner clubs.
In 2001, he and his wife moved to Raleigh. He was starting to have knee problems from his catching days. He also had a heart transplant.
Provided to the Denver Post by Rebecca Mobley
In 2008, he returned to Denver and continued to have some limited performances until his death in 2016. Henry passed away due to cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease. He was surrounded by his family, including his five kids, and many friends and people who enjoyed his performances over the years.
His daughter, Rebecca Mobley, told the Denver Post following her father's death, "He loved his friends, he loved his life, he loved all the people he encountered, all the people he interacted with especially with the music." She continued, "He was a fun-loving guy. He liked to laugh a lot. He was kind of a jokester. He loved us a lot. He tried to give us a lot of good advice. … He really adored his grandkids."
Ron Henry was part of the very first Minnesota Twins roster in 1961. He was one of three African Americans on the roster that year, along with outfielder Lenny Green and fellow-catcher Earl Battey.
While his big-league career consisted of just 42 games and a .130 batting average, he was fortunate to spend 15 years as a professional baseball player. That career led him to Denver where he became immensely successful in the music scene with a career more than double the length of his baseball career.
Henry isn't the first former pro ballplayer to also succeed in music. Charley Pride played minor-league ball before embarking on his legendary country music career. Bernie Williams is now a classically-trained guitarist who has already been nominated for a Latin Grammy.
Who knows, maybe we can see if Trevor Plouffe, Drew Butera, Toby Gardenhire and Dustin Martin will have a Beach Bums reunion? Or, maybe Brian Dozier will bring back Silky Smooth and show off his guitar and piano skills.
Keep checking back to Twins Daily throughout Black History Month as we hope to share several more stories about African Americans to don a Twins uniform over the past 62 seasons.
screenshot from above YouTube video
Richie the Rally Goat and wsnydes
Tiantwindup
Longtime reader who finally registered. This article I just had to comment on. This is what makes TD special. Great human interest sorry about someone I never heard of!
RJA, Richie the Rally Goat, chinmusic and 13 others
Just now, Tiantwindup said:
Excellent first post!
Welcome to Twins Daily!
tarheeltwinsfan, RJA, cHawk and 2 others
IndianaTwin
Great idea for a series.
Do you take requests? Each time I see a post from Hosken Bombo Disco, I wonder what happened to Hosken, Bombo and Disco. And Willie Norwood.
PDX Twin, TopGunn#22, Seth Stohs and 1 other
4 hours ago, Tiantwindup said:
Thank you so much for registering and ultimately for writing. It's always nice to hear that an article is liked or is "special." Obviously we all strive for that, but any feedback or story ideas are welcome! ,
Location: Fargo ND
Great story, Seth, about a remarkable, multi-talented man. I especially like the pictures and video of Lannie Garrett (that lady has a remarkable voice) as they add richness to the article. Nice feature for Black History Month. I can't wait for your next one.
tarheeltwinsfan, Clare and Seth Stohs
jjswol
Location: Minnesota or Florida
Ron Henry was the first player to make his major league debut in a Minnesota Twins unform when he entered the April 15, 1961 game against the Orioles as a pinch-hitter.
tarheeltwinsfan, Game7-91, Clare and 3 others
Now that was interesting, Seth. Had never heard of him, but what an interesting story and life. Curious when that photo of he and the gals was taken? Maybe late 60's or early 70's? Do you know?
Blyleven2011
Great story ,,, I'd rather have stories than all this speculation during the lockout ....
BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY , I would like our front office to tell us what the real plan is ..
Someone please pin them down and get them to reach out to the fans and tell us ...
Baseball is losing its best fans in attendance , they don't know how to market Baseball to draw more fans ...
Rosterman
Twitter: JoelTheThing
Don't forget Jim Mudcat Grant had a music career (with His Kittens, I think they were called).
Also, I remember seeing Denny McLain play at the local Diamond Jim's during the off-season. Electric organist!
Game7-91 and Clare
Game7-91
Great story, as Tiantwindup said, these stories are what makes TD special. Never heard of Ron Henry until today, and really thankful TD and Seth are willing to create content like this and support BHM. Makes today a better day, thank you!
Also never knew Denny McLain played the old Diamond Jim's. Fun facts, thanks Rosterman for that.
4 hours ago, roger said:
I believe that Garrett moved to Denver and sang with Ron Henry in like 1972-73... early 70s.
jorgenswest
In honor of Black History month two players that never made it to the major leagues had a great impact on the futures of several Twins. Chuck Weatherspoon and Ollie Brantley were cited by Rod Carew in his book as being a great help getting through the minors. Both started out in the negro leagues in the 50s. Both were in the Twins system from years playing and mentoring several future Twins including Rod Carew, Jim Kaat, Zoilo Versailles, Tony Oliva, Cesar Tovar, Bert Blyleven and Tom Hall
In 1961 Chuck Weatherspoon hit a record 7 grand slams for the Wilson Tobbs. He played in the minor leagues with the Senators/Twins from 1957 to 1969. He hit 230 home runs in his minor league career.
Ollie Brantley played for the Twins organization from 1962-1969. In his best season he was 15-8 with a 1.63 ERA playing for Orlando. Rod Carew was on that team that went 77-57.
tarheeltwinsfan and Clare
Location: Mid-Minnesota
He had one more Big Show home run than Al Newman.
Great write-up, thank you!
Gustafson53
On 2/6/2022 at 12:49 PM, Blyleven2011 said:
I check scores and read a few articles here and there. I do enjoy reading about players and teams I used to follow. I was a diehard fan. Not any more. Bally Sports isn't part of my streaming package. IMO, the players and owners are out of touch with reality. Greed is rampant. I don't envision attending a game ever again. The average working person can't afford to be a fan.
Looking Back on Game 163
By Alex Boxwell
Craig Arko
Joelkramer
m-i-e-n-t-k-i-e-w-i-c-z
Olpnch
Calvin Pipenahgen
DuluthFan
edwar288
East Coast Twin
Duane DeBehr
tony&rodney
TwinsfaninCali
D.C Twins
mannyhover
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Cris E
ChermesZ
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karcherd
21bdp21
shazzimoto
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Ricky Vaughn
Macalesterbombasquad


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Peer reviewed article: is written by an expert in the field. The article is then reviewed by other experts or scholars in the same discipline. Peer reviewed articles may also be called scholarly or refereed. Many of the databases will have a filter to limit your search to peer reviewed articles.
Popular journals: articles in popular journals such as Time, The Economist, and Newsweek tend to be written by non-specialists. Articles will be reviewed by an editor, but not by a panel of experts. Articles may not mention sources in the text.
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Primary source: document or object created at the time being studied. Often defined as 'first-hand accounts". Examples include diaries, letters and newspaper articles. Sources can also be artefacts'.
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Problem intensifies in Atlanta's suburbs: Metro police departments say they're unable to break the hold criminal gangs seem to have on young Hispanic males. And those teens' parents say they don't know what else they can do to help their children find a better way of life.
After six years of hard work, Mario and Sara Lagunas have experienced a measure of success. The family jewelry store in Smyrna is beginning to pay for itself. They've saved enough to buy a first house.
But success has come at a great price. While the Lagunases have struggled for a better life, they've lost three sons to the streets and to jail.
One son, 20-year-old Abel, is in prison serving a 10-year sentence for armed robbery. Two other sons, 14-year-old Israel and 13-year-old Alejandro, are serving 90-day sentences in separate boot camps. Smyrna police say the teenagers ran with the Riverside gang, one of a half-dozen Hispanic gangs operating in the apartment complexes and houses of south Cobb County.
The vast majority of Hispanics entering our nation today (legally and illegally) have no desire to assimulate, no desire to become an "American"; most have a deep, abiding distrust of the law, the courts and police. And many of them despise the "gringos" and absolutely hate "los negros". Therein lies the biggest of problems and we welcome them with their advanced copy of SSI and Welfare Manuals and allow our schools, governmental agencies, TV stations and the like to have bi-lingual choices. Press #1 for English, #2 for Spanish. Then we have Whorealdo on prime time last night boasting that the Latino community in the year 2005 will become the majority of immigrants in the U.S. and reminding us how hard they worked to get out of poverty. Guess all the immigrants that preceded them, who learned the customs and the LANGUAGE and didn't deplete the governmental freebies simply don't count.
The Lagunases' oldest son is in Mexico. And a daughter is happily married and living in Douglasville. But of the four Lagunas brothers in the United States, only Efrain remains free. He's 8 years old.
"We are going to try to control him," Mario Lagunas said in Spanish. "I take him to school. Sometimes I have breakfast with him at school. And two or three times, I have gone into his classes."
He and his wife have experienced firsthand what police in Smyrna, Norcross, Chamblee and other jurisdictions say is their most serious law enforcement problem: growing gang activity, riding atop an explosion in metro Atlanta's Spanish-speaking population. There is the Sur 13 gang, the 18th Street gang, the Brownside Locos, the Riversides, the Pachucos and the Malditos 13--to name a few.
For most police departments, the problem didn't exist five years ago.
In Smyrna alone, police now say they have documented 105 Hispanic teenagers as gang members, Israel and Alejandro Lagunas among them. Police visited one apartment complex so often that the manager gave officers an apartment.
In Gwinnett County, police have identified 700 gang members and associates in 13 gangs. Within those groups there are 34 subsets, said Investigator Marco A. Silva, a member of Gwinnett's gang intervention team. In Norcross, Hispanic gang members have been involved in three homicides this year, he said. In one of those cases, the April 24 slaying of Rogelio Guzman, one of the suspects was tracked down to a Smyrna mobile home park.
DeKalb County police have identified about 1,500 juveniles with ties to 15 gangs, said Detective Sharon Horn of the department's intelligence division. She has been studying the groups for five years.
"Most are Hispanic," said Horn. "It's sad, but that is the truth."
Upwardly mobile Mario Lagunas, 47, moved his family here from California in 1993. He's a legal U.S. resident. His children are U.S. citizens.
English and American courtrooms bewilder him. Asked if his teenage sons are involved in gangs, Lagunas said he didn't know--only that both had changed drastically this year.
His sons have an answer for him. At the Pelham Youth Detention Center in South Georgia, Alejandro told a prison official that he's involved with a gang, but didn't want to talk about it. He is serving time for violating the probation he was placed on when he was deemed an unruly child, police said.
One year older, Israel is serving a 90-day sentence at the Irwin Youth Detention Center near Tifton for stealing a car. While he was awaiting his transfer at the Marietta juvenile jail, he spent an hour with a reporter, describing the ins and outs of gang life. "I'm not a member," he said, shrugging off the obvious question. "I associate with them. I haven't gotten in yet. I'm thinking about it."
Mario and Sara Lagunas have been married 24 years. They moved from Acapulco, Mexico, to Fresno, Calif., in 1983.
There the couple were farm workers for a while. "We picked strawberries for $1 a pint. Working all day, we earned $10. I don't know if you know how strawberries grow. They grow low to the ground. You have to bend over to slice them off the vine," Mario Lagunas said.
For a few years he worked as an overseer on a farm, finding dozens of workers for the fields, a job that earned him about $70 a day. During another stint, he sold bread door-to-door.
"I always owed two months rent," he said. "I never had enough for the rent. When I paid the rent, I didn't have enough for food."
The move to Georgia in 1993 brought better pay. Lagunas worked two jobs--one at a seed factory, another at a hotel.
He admits that he wasn't able to spend enough time with his sons. But when the boys were in elementary school, his wife got out of work in time to meet them when they got home.
After working a job selling jewelry door-to-door, Lagunas bought his own shop on Windy Hill Road about two years ago. He named it La Guadalupana, after the Virgin of Guadalupe.
From behind his glass counter, he waits patiently on his customers. He sells rings, chains, bracelets and luggage. The luggage moves faster than the jewelry, but he gives every person who walks into the store a sad smile. "Come in, come in," he says. "How can I help you?"
The business takes up most of his day. And his wife's job no longer allows her to be home when the kids get home from school.
Still, for all Mario and Sara Lagunas knew, the boys were behaving themselves--until this year.
That's when Alejandro was in a car accident. It was while he was recovering at home that Mario Lagunas noticed for the first time who his son's friends were. He did not much like their slouching stances and baggy clothes.
By the time Alejandro recovered, his demeanor had changed. He started to skip classes at Campbell Middle School.
Fourteen-year-old Israel soon followed in his younger brother's footsteps, their father said.
"It started in school. That's where they started to get affiliated with the bad boys. We scolded them. We didn't let them go out. There was a time when I cut off the telephone so that they would not have that much communication with the boys," he said. "We did not have a telephone for three or four months. When you don't have a telephone, their pretext to go out is that they want to go talk to their friends.
"Then when you have a telephone, they are communicating with their friends, and while we are asleep, they go out through the window."
The incarceration of the two boys has hurt the Lagunas family, financially as well as emotionally. Lagunas is still learning the craft, and his English is limited. Before his arrest, Israel worked at his father's store and with a jeweler in Marietta. What he learned from the jeweler, he passed on to his father.
"How to make names, how to soldar (solder), how to pulir (polish), how to make (rings) different sizes, making (chains) different lengths, making bracelets," Israel said, ticking off the things he learned before he was picked up by police.
The hopes of the family are now pinned on Efrain, an energetic and inquisitive third-grader.
Efrain spends the afternoons in the jewelry store, answering the telephone when his father is taking care of customers or running to the back of the store to play Nintendo video games.
"All of my brothers are in jail," he said recently while he played around in the store. Israel, he said, is his best buddy. His older brother plays with him, takes him to the movies and watches "The Simpsons" with him.
When asked if he missed Israel, Efrain pouted. "He comes out in February. I want him to have a merry Christmas with me," he said.
With a smattering of freckles across his face, Israel Lagunas is a handsome teen who slips easily between Spanish and English.
On a recent morning, he appeared before a reporter in orange jail pants and shirt that were just as baggy as the clothes he had worn outside.
Just a coincidence, he said. The clothes were the smallest issued at the youth jail.
At 14, Israel has learned to straddle two worlds. Spanish and English are only part of his divided life.
In the hourlong jailhouse interview, Israel transformed from one moment to the next--from a quiet young man sitting upright in a plastic office chair into a slouching homeboy proud of the exploits that got him in trouble.
"It was like I was living two different lives, for real," he said. "I had my family on one side. I was going to school. And the other one was my friends. At night I'd sneak out with no problem. Not thinking of anything, just hanging around. And the next day I would be with my family again and school and work and all that.
"In the day, I was like an angel," said Israel.
He said he and his father are close.
"I could talk to him about anything. . . . We'd be, like, friends. Talk about everything," he said. Israel ignored the fact that his father never knew that he sneaked out at night or that he drove around with a stolen Dodge Caravan for days.
"I didn't fight with my mom or dad. I loved my little brother. I bought my dad a pair of shoes. I gave him $100. Everything I could do, I'd do it," he said. "And then at night I would just let loose, just go hanging. I would waste my money on cigarettes. You know, beer. Anything I could I would waste my money on."
Outside the office where Israel spoke, the day-to-day existence of the jail went on. Bells rang and metal doors were buzzed open, then slammed shut. Muffled voices over the jail's loudspeakers interrupted the conversation.
Israel denied he is a gang member, but said only his 14-year-old girlfriend has kept him from joining. He termed himself "an associate."
"If you are an associate, you hang around with them so you can get to know them. They can get to know you. As an associate, you prove to them that you're down. You show that you will do anything for them and do anything with them. You are also taking a risk. But it is not the same (risk) as being a member. A member has to be with the homeboys, like, 24-7. "
An associate gets to walk away, he said.
"A member doesn't. He is with them. He gets his money by jacking (stealing) and by hustling or by working at nighttime or something that doesn't interfere with the time that you're hanging with the homeboys."
The first time Israel saw gang members was when his older brother was hanging out with them. But it was in middle school that Israel and his friends started hanging out with gang members.
"They are different vatos (homeboys) from different gangs that are together," he said, declining to mention any of the gangs by name.
Local gang activity, he said, started when some California gang members moved to Cobb County and started initiating boys.
In middle school, boys "started getting jumped," he said, meaning that the adolescents were brought into the gang by getting beaten up--a trial by ordeal. "One came banging and started pushing everyone around. He kept getting guys in at his level--in the eighth grade. Then they got the ninth-graders. It kept going up.
"They didn't want little kids. They didn't even look at us. But now that we got older, they got interested in us. That's why they started talking to us. That's when I started to get involved."
Smyrna police believe gang members use a point system to get teens to become members: Different deeds earn them a certain number of points toward getting in.
Israel scoffed at the notion.
"It depends on how much you want to get in," he said.
Smyrna police believe that teen gangs have been involved in dozens of vehicle break-ins over the last three years, because the incidents occurred in the same areas where the youths live.
It is the kind of offense that landed Israel in jail. He stole a Dodge Caravan that had been left with its keys in the ignition.
"I stole a car," he said. "I wanted to. Everybody was cruising. . . . I needed my own and I couldn't buy one. . . . I cleared out everything from my car. Changed the tags, took off all the rims. I wanted to tint the windows. But I didn't have time."
Police arrested Israel in November and a judge sentenced him to 90 days in detention. It will be followed by three months of house arrest and two years of probation.
Israel said he won't be back. "I'm gonna chill for a while," he said, slouching even more in his chair. "Go to work, go to school. . . . I want to go to the military after I get out of here."
Boot camp, he said, is a chance to find out what it's like to have to deal with a regimen.
"I want to go to the Marines. My sister wanted to be a Marine. What if I go and make her proud? That's what I'm gonna try to do, make my family proud of me. . . . I'd like to be the first guy in the family to graduate from school. The only one that has graduated is my sister."
Israel slipped into Spanish, the language of the happiest part of his life, when told that his dad wondered what he had done wrong in raising him.
"He has done everything he could do," he said. "Every day we would sit at the dinner table, and after we would eat, we would have a family talk. He would say, 'Look at your brothers. People look at them like if they are thieves.' . . . It was like it would come in one ear and out the other."
In Cobb County, only Smyrna police have officers dedicated to dealing with gangs. Police Sgt. Keith Zgonc supervises two officers, Bill Turner and Halley Alexander.
Turner began teaching a gang resistance course at Campbell Middle School last year. Police experts say the most fertile time for gang recruitment begins in middle school.
The program is part of the social studies curriculum and teaches children in the sixth and eighth grades how to handle conflicts. The classes are held once a week for an eight-week period. By the end of the school year, Turner hopes to reach about 1,000 youngsters.
"One of the things we teach is (if) you get a criminal record, it affects you through your entire life," Turner said.
Turner's lessons compete with on-site recruiters for local gangs. "They usually do the courting phase for about a year," Turner said. "They will teach them a little bit about the gang. Some guy will take him under his wing, be his best buddy."
At Smyrna police headquarters, Turner has a photograph of a dozen Cobb County teenage boys and girls flashing gang signs.
Other kinds of gangs "are not as visible as the Hispanic kids are. They don't hang out in the large numbers and they don't have a lot of confrontations with rivals," Zgonc said.
Law enforcement officials worry that the gang activity might grow in direct proportion to metro Atlanta's Hispanic population. In Cobb County schools, Hispanic enrollment has increased 545 percent in the last 10 years, from 688 students in 1989 to 4,439 in 1999.
Gang activity among Hispanic youths is real and something that adults should be concerned about, said Ruth Gonzalez, who is part of the Osborne Prevention Task Force, a group that's developing after-school and support activities for youth at Osborne High School and its feeder schools.
Hispanic teenagers "are wanting to belong to something," Gonzalez said.
She is hoping to start a tutoring program at one apartment complex on the Marietta/Smyrna border next year, to be followed by job and health fairs.
Gonzalez said parents who speak little English are reluctant to seek help from government agencies or community groups.
In fact, after his teenagers were arrested, Mario Lagunas attended several weekly parenting workshops at Juvenile Court. He came away with little more than common sense suggestions for dealing with his children.
"I tell them something (about their behavior), and they go out through the window," he said. "I would need to buy a chain to tie them down. That's not good because the law does not let you do that."


text:
# This script counts the word frequencies in the text files in the given directories.

# Only words that have been classified as (possibly) interesting are taken
# into account. The files containing interesting words are read from the
# current directory.

LibDir = File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/lib/'
require File.expand_path(LibDir + 'WordClassifierYesNoMaybe')
require File.expand_path(LibDir + 'Helpers')

include Helpers

def get_cmd_line_args()
  if ARGV.length < 1
    puts "\nArguments: <directory1> [<directory2> ...]"
    exit
  end
  get_dirs_from_cmd_line_args(ARGV)
end

def sort_frequencies(freqs)
  freqs.sort_by { |word, count| -count }
end

def count_frequencies(file_name, classifier)
  freqs = Hash.new(0)
  read_words_from_file(file_name).each { |word| freqs[word] += 1 unless classifier.ignore?(word) }
  sort_frequencies(freqs)
end

# Main

dirs = get_cmd_line_args
classifier = WordClassifierYesNoMaybe.new

dirs.each do |directory|
  puts "Analyzing files in directory " + directory
  total_freqs = Hash.new(0)
  article_counts = Hash.new(0)
  Dir["#{directory}/*.txt"].each do |file_name|
    puts "Analyzing file " + file_name
    freqs = count_frequencies(file_name, classifier)
    freqs.each do |word, count|
      total_freqs[word] += count
      article_counts[word] += 1
    end
    write_to_file("#{file_name}.freq", freqs)
  end

  puts "Sorting total frequencies"
  sorted_words = sort_frequencies(total_freqs)
  puts "Combining same words"
  time = Time.now
  same_words = combine_same_words_with_counts(sorted_words, total_freqs, article_counts)
  puts "Combining took #{Time.now - time} seconds"
  puts "Analyzing total counts"
  write_to_file("#{directory}/all.freq", sort_frequencies(total_freqs), article_counts, same_words)
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Unable to create release build after updating play services to 8.3.0 Unable to create Release APK after updating play services to version 8.1.0 or 8.3.0 I am getting following exceptions.
Anyone have any idea how to fix this.
Uncaught translation error: com.android.dx.cf.code.SimException: com.android.dx.rop.cst.CstMethodRef cannot be cast to com.android.dx.rop.cst.CstInterfaceMethodRef
Uncaught translation error: com.android.dx.cf.code.SimException: com.android.dx.rop.cst.CstMethodRef cannot be cast to com.android.dx.rop.cst.CstInterfaceMethodRef
2 errors; aborting
Error:Execution failed for task ':project:dexRelease'.
com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_66\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 1

A: Please see this Android issue.
It's a known bug. The official workaround is:

The development team has fixed the issue that you have reported and it
  will be available in a future build.
Workaround for time being: Right the issue is that you need to put the
  useLibrary element if you need to compile against it. But if you don't
  compile your code against it but you have 3rd party libs that use it
  and you run through proguard (Which is picky about wanting to see all
  the classes that are used), then we need to pass it to proguard
  whether you ask for it for compiling or not.
The short term work-around is to ask for the library for compiling
  (which will then also add it to the classpath that we give to
  proguard).

It basically means you should either recompile all libraries (including third-party libraries) with the latest Google Play Services or revert to an older Google Play Services version.

A: I run into the same error message. In my case it was related to Retrolambda.
I wasn't using any third-party libraries that depend on Google Play Services, so Codos answer was useful but didn't solve the problem for me.
It turned out that a static factory method on an interface caused this issue:
public interface Foo {
  static Foo get() {
    ...
  }
}

Removing the static method from the interface and doing a clean/rebuild solved the problem for me.
According to the documentation there are known issues with static interface methods: Retrolambda Known limitations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You are downloading the Mail XAP file v8.5.9.1 for Windows Phone. Mail is a free and useful Productivity app: Connect to your Gmail account!FEATURES:• Easy to use interface• Back, Forward and Refresh buttons for easy navigation• Read ... You can now download the offline XAP file to install & try it.
Note: To install it manually from an SD card, you should choose one of the server location above to get the offline Mail XAP file, move the file to your phone's SD card and then tap 'Install local apps' in the phone's App list.
Appx4Fun.com only share the original XAP installer for Mail v8.5.9.1.
All the Windows Phone apps & games here are free for home or personal use ONLY. Mail is the property and trademark from the developer eyacker.com, all rights reserved.


text:
Amanda meets Casper on facebook. He is heir to a significant fund. He is also divorced and has a daughter; he is not allowed to see. On top of that he has a complicated relationship with his wealthy family. That's why Casper ends up moving in with Amanda in her small apartment in a suburb to Copenhagen, where she lives with her young daughter.
Three months go by before Amanda discovers that none of what Casper has told her about himself is true. In reality Casper's last name is not his real name, he's on the dole, and lives in the basement of his grandparents' house in the small village of Præstbro in northern Jutland.
How could Amanda have been so blind? How could she let her self be so thoroughly fooled?
Amanda decides to find out who the man she's been dating really is, and in the process she discovers there are many other victims of Casper's charm.
For special screenings please contact hello@madeincopenhagen.dk
Script Writer:
In co-production with:
Docville, Leuven / Belgium, 2018
All other queries:


text:
package org.uberfire.annotations.processors;

import java.util.List;

import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import javax.lang.model.type.ArrayType;
import javax.lang.model.type.DeclaredType;
import javax.lang.model.type.ExecutableType;
import javax.lang.model.type.NoType;
import javax.lang.model.type.NullType;
import javax.lang.model.type.PrimitiveType;
import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
import javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror;
import javax.lang.model.type.WildcardType;
import javax.lang.model.util.Types;

/**
 * A wrapper for Types that works around bug 434378 in Eclipse.
 */
public class EclipseWorkaroundTypeUtils implements Types {

    private final Types realImpl;

    public EclipseWorkaroundTypeUtils( Types realImpl ) {
        this.realImpl = realImpl;
    }

    @Override
    public Element asElement( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.asElement( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public TypeMirror asMemberOf( DeclaredType arg0, Element arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.asMemberOf( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public TypeElement boxedClass( PrimitiveType arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.boxedClass( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public TypeMirror capture( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.capture( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains( TypeMirror arg0, TypeMirror arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.contains( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public List<? extends TypeMirror> directSupertypes( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.directSupertypes( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public TypeMirror erasure( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.erasure( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public ArrayType getArrayType( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.getArrayType( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public DeclaredType getDeclaredType( DeclaredType arg0, TypeElement arg1, TypeMirror... arg2 ) {
        return realImpl.getDeclaredType( arg0, arg1, arg2 );
    }

    @Override
    public DeclaredType getDeclaredType( TypeElement arg0, TypeMirror... arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.getDeclaredType( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public NoType getNoType( TypeKind arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.getNoType( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public NullType getNullType() {
        return realImpl.getNullType();
    }

    @Override
    public PrimitiveType getPrimitiveType( TypeKind arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.getPrimitiveType( arg0 );
    }

    @Override
    public WildcardType getWildcardType( TypeMirror arg0, TypeMirror arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.getWildcardType( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAssignable( TypeMirror arg0, TypeMirror arg1 ) {
        return (arg0.getKind() == TypeKind.VOID && arg1.getKind() == TypeKind.VOID) || realImpl.isAssignable( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSameType( TypeMirror arg0, TypeMirror arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.isSameType( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSubsignature( ExecutableType arg0, ExecutableType arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.isSubsignature( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSubtype( TypeMirror arg0, TypeMirror arg1 ) {
        return realImpl.isSubtype( arg0, arg1 );
    }

    @Override
    public PrimitiveType unboxedType( TypeMirror arg0 ) {
        return realImpl.unboxedType( arg0 );
    }

}


text:
Courtney E. Morgan
KIRKUS REVIEW
Read the review on Kirkus Reviews
"Morgan takes a radical approach to the linked-story collection in her first book, shaping a young woman's life in tales that range from naturalistic to wildly speculative fiction.
Different though they are, these stories all offer perspectives on the title character—or, at least, some version of her. This isn't the kind of conventional collection in which glimpses of a character at different points of her life are arranged in chronological order. Nora doesn't have just one life but multiple existences in alternate realities. The book opens with a virtuoso tale in which one of the Noras, murdered when she is 28, reflects in lyrical prose on key moments in her life as another, matter-of-fact voice recites the details of her autopsy. One Nora falls victim to a drug-addled trucker while hitchhiking, and another gives birth first to a baby made of "newsprint and twine" and then to one that is simply a "ball of fur." Many of the Noras are young, pre-pubescent or adolescent, just discovering their own bodies or those of others. Sex, often linked with violence, is a constant in the stories, like the one in which the young Nora and a friend explore each other so thoroughly that one of them is completely devoured, or the one in which an older Nora forms an uneasy connection with a sex robot she names Noreen. The stories, often experimental, share in common not so much their plots or structures but recurring motifs: the transformation of humans into birds, an angry mother dying of cancer, the messy details of bodily existence. Often, the stories have more than one teller, inviting the reader to hold two separate perspectives on a series of events simultaneously.
Morgan's stories may not be for the squeamish or the easily baffled, but open-minded readers ready for a challenge will delight in discovering the many sides of her mysterious heroine."
Order The Seven Autopsies now!
Coming Alive
Published in American Book Review, Volume 38, No. 5
by Aimee Parkison
Courtney E. Morgan's vivid debut is not for the faint of heart or any reader in need of trigger warnings. The Seven Autopsies of Nora Hanneman opens with a nightmarish backdrop by examining the aftermath of violence against a woman. However, the reader soon discovers dissection is subversion, allowing the victim to metaphorically come alive, transforming and finding a voice. The corpse provides a fractured narrative account for any reader willing to look closely at Nora's remains on a medical journey of examining a woman's body in pieces.
Turning the idea of the formulaic mystery story on its head, the collection begins with the startling "Autopsy" with categories such as "Cause of Death," "Manner of Death," "Diagnosis," and "Anatomic Findings." The victim's body becomes the subject of a cold examination while details of her life are woven into the findings, creating a deeper mystery of character. The story focuses on the entropy of decay as the reader struggles to find deeper meaning in the senselessness of violence, a woman reduced to a body. Despite the hard-hitting anatomical details of autopsy, the prose opens a subtle implied narrative in a victim's ability to live on because the body tells a story through evidence. The reader feels the loss of an individual life, even as the body is coldly examined internally and externally, taken apart in a scientific examination reducing the victim to a urinary tract, reproductive organs, central nervous system, and a gastrointestinal system.
There is nothing escapist about this view of violence where the body is the explicit factor unfolding questions of the self, the deepest mystery. Graphic details build fractured fictions that shock and awaken the reader with exquisite syntax, shattered lines on shattered lives, and vivid imagery.
Given the gory, yet coldly scientific approach of rendering a protagonist as anatomical evidence, the voice of the collection is an accomplishment of situational irony, bringing unexpected beauty to horror. Gorgeous language breaks through violence. The opening story and the collection's title create compelling subtext for all that comes after, poetry born from bones breaking open.
Read the full review in American Book Review.
The Haunting Resonance of "The Seven Autopsies of Nora Hanneman"
Published on Fiction Unbound.
by Sean Cassity
The Seven Autopsies of Nora Hanneman is the first book to truly enrapture me in a very long time. It is a collection of stories in which the culminating effect of the collection overwhelms the intrigues of the individual stories. Well before the book's quiet denouement, the varied tragedies of Nora Hanneman had already left me haunted.
The opening story, "Autopsy," prepares us for tragedy, but not knowing the rest of what we are about to read, we might expect the tragedy to be much more conventional. In the structure of an autopsy report we get glimpsed access to the arrested life of the first Nora Hanneman, a young woman of 28 found strangled in a basement. Of course, the interrupted vitality of youth, the dashed potential of so much more life is intrinsically tragic. But as we read on, the heartbreak comes from living Nora's lives, experiencing her frustrated desires, her unmade connections, all the little tortures that hollow out a cavity in her she longs to fill.
I call the Nora of "Autopsy" the first Nora Hanneman because while all but a few of the stories feature a protagonist named Nora, you would not be able to fit all of these Noras into a single timeline. You can, however, fit them into a single psychology, into a single world where the surreal often erupts to fulfill inexpressible desires, such as that feeling of wanting to be one with another so much you wish you could swallow them whole.
This singular Nora within the several Noras is desperate for change. The stories are thick with images of metamorphosis, of emerging from a chrysalis, breaking from an exoskeleton, or, especially, the shedding of skin. Nora's world, however, is very pessimistic toward change. Every metamorphosis is a failed metamorphosis. There is always something rotten or misshapen in these forced transformations. Nothing emerges whole.
Read the full review on Fiction Unbound.
COURTNEY@COURTNEYEMORGAN.COM


text:
San Juan and Aromas
Retreat to Raise Funds With Celebrity Guest's Help
– The Franciscan Friars of St. Francis Retreat will have a
fundraiser with a special host Oct. 15 at Casa Maria in San Juan
Bautista to help rebuild buildings lost in the early morning June
23 fire.
San Juan Bautista – The Franciscan Friars of St. Francis Retreat will have a fundraiser with a special host Oct. 15 at Casa Maria in San Juan Bautista to help rebuild buildings lost in the early morning June 23 fire.
The event will be hosted by Cindy Williams from television's "Laverne and Shirley," who spent Easter 2005 with her family at the St. Francis Retreat as a guest of Brother Kelly Cullen.
"It just breaks my heart that it's not there anymore," Williams said. "I had a wonderful, healing time with my family over Easter."
The building's old electrical wiring caused the blaze, Brusman said. He said the hollow walls of the old building were turned into "incendiary chimneys," sending flames into the upper story.
Father Barry Brusman, director of the St. Francis Retreat Center, hopes the Friars can raise enough money to rebuild the offices, conference room, dining room, friary and gift shops lost in the blaze, as well as updating the plumbing.
But rebuilding the old San Justo Rancho House, built in 1863, even close to its original splendor will be a costly task.
Despite $2.5 million in insurance money, the Franciscan Friars will have to raise several million additional dollars to completely rebuild the St. Francis Retreat, Cullen said. And they cannot do it with bake sales, Brusman said.
At $60 per head, the Oct. 15 buffet will feature food from Jardines de San Juan, Dona Esther's and Orient Express in San Juan Bautista, wine and entertainment. More restaurants from Hollister, San Juan Bautista and Salinas are expected to donate, Cullen said.
Brusman hopes the first phase – the offices, conference room, dining room and gift shops – will be done by Christmas.
Other retreats have faced difficulties raising the money necessary to rebuild, Cullen said.
The Presentation Retreat Center in Santa Cruz had to rebuild many of its buildings after the Loma Prieta Earthquake in 1989. It took the center 11 years to raise the funds and begin reconstruction, said Sister Pat Marie, director of the retreat during the rebuilding.
Marie wanted the building to encourage the use of sustainable resources. The construction required for such buildings initially costs more.
"We were ultimately able to raise the money to do what we wanted," Marie said.
Brusman and Cullen envision "green" buildings for the new retreat, similar to those at the Presentation Retreat Center. Straw bale walls, recycled water and solar energy will be new features of the St. Francis Retreat, Brusman said.
"To set an example to the entire community that we need to start reusing our Earth's resources," he said.
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text:
Q: How can I separate a variable name from surrounded characters? Please take a look at this:
$order = isset( $_GET['o'] ) ? '?o='.$_GET['o'].'&p=' : '?p=';
echo "1 ";

As its obvious in the fiddle, here is the output:
1
//          ^ this

But as I've commented in the code above, that dot *(which acts as a separator there) should be removed. So this is expected result:
1

And when I remove it, the variable name will be combined to that number and PHP cannot find expected variable anymore.
Anyway, is there any workaround?

A: Use the complex string syntax like this.
"1 ";

A: You have a string concatenation issue. It can be fixed by the following way
<?php
    $order = isset( $_GET['o'] ) ? '?o='.$_GET['o'].'&p=' : '?p=';
    echo "1 ";
?>

A: You can use this to not concat variable with other string:
echo "1 ";

A: Your problem is here:
echo "1 ";

Try this instead:
echo '1';

If you can avoid using double quotes with strings, since PHP will always check for variables there. IMO it takes no more time to use single quotes and simple concatenate the values. I actually prefer to use this:
echo sprintf('%d', $order, 1);

For more details check here.