text:
// Copyright 2016 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package com.google.devtools.build.android.resources;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;

import com.android.builder.internal.SymbolLoader;
import com.android.utils.ILogger;
import com.android.utils.StdLogger;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Tests for {@link RClassGenerator}.
 */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class RClassGeneratorTest {

  private Path temp;
  private ILogger stdLogger;

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    temp = Files.createTempDirectory(toString());
    stdLogger = new StdLogger(StdLogger.Level.VERBOSE);
  }

  @Test
  public void plainInts() throws Exception {
    checkSimpleInts(true);
  }

  @Test
  public void nonFinalFields() throws Exception {
    checkSimpleInts(false);
  }

  private void checkSimpleInts(boolean finalFields) throws Exception {
    // R.txt with the real IDs after linking together libraries.
    SymbolLoader symbolValues = createSymbolFile("R.txt",
        "int attr agility 0x7f010000",
        "int attr dexterity 0x7f010001",
        "int drawable heart 0x7f020000",
        "int id someTextView 0x7f080000",
        "int integer maxNotifications 0x7f090000",
        "int string alphabet 0x7f100000",
        "int string ok 0x7f100001");
    // R.txt for the library, where the values are not the final ones (so ignore them). We only use
    // this to keep the # of inner classes small (exactly the set needed by the library).
    SymbolLoader symbolsInLibrary = createSymbolFile("lib.R.txt",
        "int attr agility 0x1",
        "int id someTextView 0x1",
        "int string ok 0x1");
    Path out = temp.resolve("classes");
    Files.createDirectories(out);
    RClassGenerator writer =
        new RClassGenerator(out.toFile(), "com.bar", symbolValues, finalFields);
    writer.addSymbolsToWrite(symbolsInLibrary);
    writer.write();

    Path packageDir = out.resolve("com/bar");
    checkFilesInPackage(packageDir, "R.class", "R$attr.class", "R$id.class", "R$string.class");
    Class<?> outerClass = checkTopLevelClass(out,
        "com.bar.R",
        "com.bar.R$attr",
        "com.bar.R$id",
        "com.bar.R$string");
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.bar.R$attr",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.of("agility", 0x7f010000),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(),
        finalFields
    );
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.bar.R$id",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.of("someTextView", 0x7f080000),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(),
        finalFields
    );
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.bar.R$string",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.of("ok", 0x7f100001),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(),
        finalFields
    );
  }

  @Test
  public void emptyIntArrays() throws Exception {
    boolean finalFields = true;
    // Make sure we parse an empty array the way the R.txt writes it.
    SymbolLoader symbolValues = createSymbolFile("R.txt",
        "int[] styleable ActionMenuView { }");
    SymbolLoader symbolsInLibrary = symbolValues;
    Path out = temp.resolve("classes");
    Files.createDirectories(out);
    RClassGenerator writer =
        new RClassGenerator(out.toFile(), "com.testEmptyIntArray", symbolValues, finalFields);
    writer.addSymbolsToWrite(symbolsInLibrary);
    writer.write();

    Path packageDir = out.resolve("com/testEmptyIntArray");
    checkFilesInPackage(packageDir, "R.class", "R$styleable.class");
    Class<?> outerClass = checkTopLevelClass(out,
        "com.testEmptyIntArray.R",
        "com.testEmptyIntArray.R$styleable");
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.testEmptyIntArray.R$styleable",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.<String, Integer>of(),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(
            "ActionMenuView", ImmutableList.<Integer>of()
        ),
        finalFields
    );
  }

  @Test
  public void intArraysFinal() throws Exception {
    checkIntArrays(true);
  }

  @Test
  public void intArraysNonFinal() throws Exception {
    checkIntArrays(false);
  }

  public void checkIntArrays(boolean finalFields) throws Exception {
    SymbolLoader symbolValues = createSymbolFile("R.txt",
        "int attr android_layout 0x010100f2",
        "int attr bar 0x7f010001",
        "int attr baz 0x7f010002",
        "int attr fox 0x7f010003",
        "int attr attr 0x7f010004",
        "int attr another_attr 0x7f010005",
        "int attr zoo 0x7f010006",
        // Test several > 5 elements, so that clinit must use bytecodes other than iconst_0 to 5.
        "int[] styleable ActionButton { 0x010100f2, 0x7f010001, 0x7f010002, 0x7f010003, "
            + "0x7f010004, 0x7f010005, 0x7f010006 }",
        // The array indices of each attribute.
        "int styleable ActionButton_android_layout 0",
        "int styleable ActionButton_another_attr 5",
        "int styleable ActionButton_attr 4",
        "int styleable ActionButton_bar 1",
        "int styleable ActionButton_baz 2",
        "int styleable ActionButton_fox 3",
        "int styleable ActionButton_zoo 6"
    );
    SymbolLoader symbolsInLibrary = symbolValues;
    Path out = temp.resolve("classes");
    Files.createDirectories(out);
    RClassGenerator writer =
        new RClassGenerator(out.toFile(), "com.intArray", symbolValues, finalFields);
    writer.addSymbolsToWrite(symbolsInLibrary);
    writer.write();

    Path packageDir = out.resolve("com/intArray");
    checkFilesInPackage(packageDir, "R.class", "R$attr.class", "R$styleable.class");
    Class<?> outerClass = checkTopLevelClass(out,
        "com.intArray.R",
        "com.intArray.R$attr",
        "com.intArray.R$styleable");
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.intArray.R$attr",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.<String, Integer>builder()
            .put("android_layout", 0x010100f2)
            .put("bar", 0x7f010001)
            .put("baz", 0x7f010002)
            .put("fox", 0x7f010003)
            .put("attr", 0x7f010004)
            .put("another_attr", 0x7f010005)
            .put("zoo", 0x7f010006)
            .build(),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(),
        finalFields
    );
    checkInnerClass(out,
        "com.intArray.R$styleable",
        outerClass,
        ImmutableMap.<String, Integer>builder()
            .put("ActionButton_android_layout", 0)
            .put("ActionButton_bar", 1)
            .put("ActionButton_baz", 2)
            .put("ActionButton_fox", 3)
            .put("ActionButton_attr", 4)
            .put("ActionButton_another_attr", 5)
            .put("ActionButton_zoo", 6)
            .build(),
        ImmutableMap.<String, List<Integer>>of(
            "ActionButton",
            ImmutableList.of(0x010100f2, 0x7f010001, 0x7f010002,
                0x7f010003, 0x7f010004, 0x7f010005, 0x7f010006)
        ),
        finalFields
    );
  }

  // Test utilities

  private Path createFile(String name, String... contents) throws IOException {
    Path path = temp.resolve(name);
    Files.createDirectories(path.getParent());
    Files.newOutputStream(path).write(
        Joiner.on("\n").join(contents).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    return path;
  }

  private SymbolLoader createSymbolFile(String name, String... contents) throws IOException {
    Path path = createFile(name, contents);
    SymbolLoader symbolFile = new SymbolLoader(path.toFile(), stdLogger);
    symbolFile.load();
    return symbolFile;
  }

  private static void checkFilesInPackage(Path packageDir, String... expectedFiles)
      throws IOException {
    ImmutableList<String> filesInPackage = ImmutableList
        .copyOf(Iterables.transform(Files.newDirectoryStream(packageDir),
            new Function<Path, String>() {
              @Override
              public String apply(Path path) {
                return path.getFileName().toString();
              }
            }
        ));
    assertThat(filesInPackage).containsExactly((Object[]) expectedFiles);
  }

  private static Class<?> checkTopLevelClass(
      Path baseDir,
      String expectedClassName,
      String... expectedInnerClasses)
      throws Exception {
    URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{baseDir.toUri().toURL()});
    Class<?> toplevelClass = urlClassLoader.loadClass(expectedClassName);
    assertThat(toplevelClass.getSuperclass()).isEqualTo(Object.class);
    int outerModifiers = toplevelClass.getModifiers();
    assertThat(Modifier.isFinal(outerModifiers)).isTrue();
    assertThat(Modifier.isPublic(outerModifiers)).isTrue();
    ImmutableList.Builder<String> actualClasses = ImmutableList.builder();
    for (Class<?> innerClass : toplevelClass.getClasses()) {
      assertThat(innerClass.getDeclaredClasses()).isEmpty();
      int modifiers = innerClass.getModifiers();
      assertThat(Modifier.isFinal(modifiers)).isTrue();
      assertThat(Modifier.isPublic(modifiers)).isTrue();
      assertThat(Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)).isTrue();
      actualClasses.add(innerClass.getName());
    }
    assertThat(actualClasses.build()).containsExactly((Object[]) expectedInnerClasses);
    return toplevelClass;
  }

  private void checkInnerClass(
      Path baseDir,
      String expectedClassName,
      Class<?> outerClass,
      ImmutableMap<String, Integer> intFields,
      ImmutableMap<String, List<Integer>> intArrayFields,
      boolean areFieldsFinal) throws Exception {
    URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{baseDir.toUri().toURL()});
    Class<?> innerClass = urlClassLoader.loadClass(expectedClassName);
    assertThat(innerClass.getSuperclass()).isEqualTo(Object.class);
    assertThat(innerClass.getEnclosingClass().toString())
        .isEqualTo(outerClass.toString());
    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Integer> actualIntFields = ImmutableMap.builder();
    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, List<Integer>> actualIntArrayFields = ImmutableMap.builder();
    for (Field f : innerClass.getFields()) {
      int fieldModifiers = f.getModifiers();
      assertThat(Modifier.isFinal(fieldModifiers)).isEqualTo(areFieldsFinal);
      assertThat(Modifier.isPublic(fieldModifiers)).isTrue();
      assertThat(Modifier.isStatic(fieldModifiers)).isTrue();

      Class<?> fieldType = f.getType();
      if (fieldType.isPrimitive()) {
        assertThat(fieldType).isEqualTo(Integer.TYPE);
        actualIntFields.put(f.getName(), (Integer) f.get(null));
      } else {
        assertThat(fieldType.isArray()).isTrue();
        int[] asArray = (int[]) f.get(null);
        ImmutableList.Builder<Integer> list = ImmutableList.builder();
        for (int i : asArray) {
          list.add(i);
        }
        actualIntArrayFields.put(f.getName(), list.build());
      }
    }
    assertThat(actualIntFields.build()).containsExactlyEntriesIn(intFields);
    assertThat(actualIntArrayFields.build()).containsExactlyEntriesIn(intArrayFields);
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you've seen any of the promotion for this film, you may've already seen the big Frank head, originally belonging to Chris Sievey's comedic alter-ego Frank Sidebottom. However, that mask itself is perhaps the only resemblance this film has to his life, as this is about the ridiculousness of creativity and how it stems from the oddest of emotional areas (or maybe it's more similar than I thought).
The story in Frank is quite original, yet strange, so bear with me: after Jon joins a band called Soronprfbs as its keyboardist (after their previous one had a mental breakdown and almost drowned), they venture deep into a cheap cabin in the woods of Ireland to rehearse and record for their next studio album (which takes a year and a half), going through various musical styles and music-making techniques – and they're all guided by lead singer, Frank (Michael Fassbender), who wears a large paper-mâché head over the top of his own, all of the time. Whether based on that information you'd say this is a comedy or a drama, you'd be right. Frank is that peculiar sort of comedy-drama that the British and Irish usually do so well.
Although not screamingly hilarious, it has a wry sense of humour that manages to fit in with any scenario in the film, no matter how dramatic or ridiculous. It's in the film's strength that it's also able to do this whilst addressing this tale of creativity spurned from mental illness. There's a gentleness to this film that doesn't stop it from entering dark and controversial territories.
Domhall Gleeson gives something of a breakthrough performance as Jon, managing to handle the weight of the film's intriguing emotion – Gleeson previously only had a few small roles in some well-known films (you may've caught him in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and 2, Dredd, True Grit), but his role here in this small film feels like the first of many great performances from him. Maggie Gyllenhall is also excellent as the sharp, stoic, and misanthropic theremin-player Clara, revisiting her earlier and darker roles of her career like those in Donnie Darko and Secretary. And there's Fassbender as the title character, whose performance is obscured by the large mask over his head. Because he's a fantastic actor, Fassbender doesn't need to state his facial expressions constantly (like his character tries to do in the film), nor does he need to compensate somehow by projecting his expressions through his body alone – he cooperates with the mask, making his performance often strangely ambiguous and this certainly adds to the film's already weird vibe.
As good as Frank feels, there's also the nagging feeling that it could've been better. Ultimately, the film is sure to satisfy just about any of its audience members without having to compromise, although it does feel light on its tricky subject material. This unique and original story doesn't allow those themes to open up and broaden enough, so in the end it doesn't feel like much has been examined on mental illness or its involvement with creativity and art. Although it's good, not great, Frank is really unlike any other film I've seen, let alone any other film currently showing. For something that's going to provoke parts of the brain other films won't, the wild life of Frank and his band Soronprfbs is something to be seen to be believed.


Soonufat Supramaniam, better known as Soon, is a 2015 Alumnus currently teaching English at a high-need school in Lubok Buntar, Kedah. As a graduate from The Australian National University with a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting and Business Information Systems, Soon definitely chose to go "off the beaten track", so to speak, with his qualifications.. But what inspired him to choose that journey?
Before applying for the Fellowship, Soon was a teaching artist and producer with a theatre company in Brisbane. "While I was teaching in Australia, I realised that it is Malaysian stories and raw potential that I want to unearth. My heart and mind was very much connected to my Malaysian identity and I knew I wanted to come back to contribute to the betterment of Malaysia," said Soon. He felt the best way to realise his ambition was through Teach For Malaysia.
Having completed the 2 year Fellowship Programme, Soon decided to stay on as a teacher. "I know that there is so much more that I can contribute through the relationships that I have fostered over the past two years," shared Soon. He hopes to create longer lasting impacts within the community, amongst his students and his program on arts in education, which has proven to be successful.
A teacher with a heart for the arts, Soon produced a play on bullying – written, devised and performed by 45 students from five secondary schools in rural Kedah. "We feel that bullying has increased in Malaysia over the past five years and the education system doesn't pay much attention to this issue in an open way," Soon said. Singing To The Lions was staged at George Town Festival in August this year.
The play was both a platform to empower and educate secondary students on the use of English as well as to raise awareness on bullying. "I am an advocate for education beyond the four walls of a classroom. Students must break through the cold walls of school buildings to learn how to interact and communicate in order to make creative things happen," shared Soon.
Through "Singing To The Lions", students discussed bully cases in Malaysia for the past 5 years to come up with this mysterious, adventurous and dark theatrical piece on bullying. It is a story of a girl (who is killed by the bully) coming back to life trying to figure out what happened to her. Through her journey, she discovered many other bullies in her life (representing the lions) who also bullied her friends and family members. At the end, she has a choice, either to choose forgiveness or to choose revenge.
There is no denying that this whole theatrical performance is student driven. And those who seemed to have benefitted the most throughout the journey from the beginning of constructing the play all the way to executing it are the students. Students that participated in this play come from really challenging background. They require a lot of emotional, physical and financial support. Some students didn't think they were capable enough to be part of this play. They have this self inferiority complex where they think that they will never be good enough. Many of the students were unable to converse properly in English. Throughout the six months leading to the play, they attended leadership training. The students were required to pitch projects which addressed social issues, manage camps on increasing the awareness on bullying and receive training in creative writing as well as performance. Their growth in confidence and creativity was evident when the play took stage.
When the students were asked about their most memorable experience of this journey, 13 year old Muhammad Harith Dzul-Ahda said "the most memorable part for me is how I struggled to speak English. But everyday, I tried and practised my best. With each passing day, my confidence level grew higher and higher. Because of this play, I can now speak and write well in English." After the play, Muhammad Harith's marks have improved as well as his confidence in presenting himself to the public.
Another student who was keen to share her experience was Nur Aisyah binti Abdullah. "My most memorable experience from this play is seeing my friends confidence growing. They have all improved from shy personalities into students who are brave and positive," shared Nur Aisyah. She hopes that this personal growth which she gained through this play will inspire other students. Nur Aisyah hopes to be a good role model for other students from rural areas. She wants to show them that even students from high-need schools have the opportunity to achieve a good education.
Not only were the students involved who had inspiring stories to share, even the Teaching Artist, Nurul Imam Nadhirah was taken aback by the value this play added to the students. "When I joined this project, I got to see my students flourish right before my eyes. For me, that is THE magical moment every teacher would want to experience." Nurul Imam, as a teacher, saw her students improve from being their reserved and quiet selves into confident and brave human beings. She personally believes that when it comes to education, teachers cannot change students into their versions of "excellent students". Instead, teachers should embrace them for who they are and nurture them to be the best version of themselves.
For Soon, his biggest highlight was seeing his students grow from shy individuals to confident, caring and resilient individuals. To see your everyday ordinary school-going students and teachers coming together to create something extraordinary was the most memorable part of this "Singing To The Lions" journey.
Performing arts as part of the syllabus should be a force and education model to be reckoned with. Soon's work for the past three years have been focused mostly in this niche area. Hopefully this paves the way to reshape and help rethink what excellent education really means.
Soonufat Supramaniam is a 2015 Alumnus who had taught at a high-need school in Kulim. He graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting and Business Information Systems from The Australian National University. Soon is currently teaching English at a high-need school in Lubok Buntar, Kedah.


text:
LOVE Provides Bittersweet Cautionary Tale
By most accounts, Robert Indiana is ambivalent about his career as an artist. Perhaps his most famous work is LOVE, the iconic motif consisting of the letters L and O stacked atop V and E. All success aside, the proliferation of unauthorized copies emblazoned on countless trinkets and souvenirs made Indiana appear overexposed and commercialized relative to his Pop Art peers, according to at least one New York Times article. Indiana was unable to stop the swell of knock-offs because the work was not properly copyrighted. Today, Indiana feels that it prevented him from gaining critical recognition as an artist.
Before the Copyright Act of 1976, the United States was a hold-out among industrialized nations in that it still had harsh repercussions for artists that failed to comply with the copyright notice provisions of the 1909 Act. If the work was published without a copyright notice affixed, copyright protection would not attach and the work automatically fell into the public domain. Indiana, who refused to even sign the work for fear of "muddying it," did not affix a copyright notice to it before allowing the Museum of Modern Art to use it as a Christmas card in 1964.
Of course, artists today need not worry about notice provisions, as the modern statute only requires an original work to be fixed in a tangible medium of expression before copyright protection attaches. It does remind us though that navigating intellectual property issues can be downright disastrous without the guiding hand of an experienced professional.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dutch Passion's roots reach back to the year 1987, means they have almost three decades of experience in developing and producing cannabis in their back. The name "Dutch Passion" stands for solid, high-quality feminized and autoflowering strains that will never disappoint. It was one of the first seed banks to open in the Netherlands and now they are offering more than 50 different strains. Their closet full of awards speaks volumes - total newbie or experienced grower, the results and quality of the end product is sure to please. And quite important; Dutch Passion are the creators of 'feminized seeds'. They were the first with feminized seeds and all other seed banks followed them on this road. So a big thanks to Dutch Passion for making it possible to have a garden without being scared of a male plant pollinating all your precious female plants!


text:
No Meat Today
What's moo?
4.2 - Picasso, Halloween and weather forecast
Arnaud Joubay
Oct 8, 2021 • 2 min read
I'm still playing catchup with all the cows I had planned for this month, so this update added 2 more, bringing the total of cowlidays for October to 5, which is a new record!
New cows
The Picasso cow was suggested to me by a user earlier this year, and since this year celebrates its 140th birthday I had to do it.
The Halloween cow is a revisit of last year's cow. I'm not sure which one I like better. It comes with a week-long Halloween theme to set the tone.
Cowlidays forecast
I also added a simple feature: show the upcoming cowlidays in the History view. This is something I've been meaning to do for a long time, and several users asked about it, but until now, I wasn't sure how to do it.
When Sara & Igor messaged me about it as I was working on the new cows, I realized that I had already everything I needed to add this. The key element being these new teaser bubbles I introduced in 4.0.
I love this feature so much, and I believe it's going to help motivate people to think about plant-based meals in advance and maybe lodge one or two more.
Maybe the next step should be to add these dates to your actual calendar. What do you think?
That annoying bug
This update also fixes a very annoying bug that would happen for existing users upgrading their app. Some would, for some unknown reason, end up in a no man's land that would make the app crash at launch. It was hard to track but I got help from a friend (👋 Hugo and thanks again) who provided me all the data I needed to put an end to this.
Finally, I replaced all the Fonts to use the San Francisco fonts, Apple's system font. It's really close to the one I used previously, but it's better suited for accessibility and localization. And since it's the same font used across your device, it helps No Meat Today feel like it belongs.
That's it for 4.2, happy Halloween!
4.1 - Thanksgivings
This update came shortly after the 4.0 because I wanted 4.0 to be all about iOS 15, but Canadian Thanksgiving being on October 11, I had to make sure you all would be able to get the update in time. Last year, there was only one Thanksgiving cow,
Arnaud Joubay Sep 20, 2021 • 1 min read
4.0 - iCloud meets iOS 15
This update is packed with new features and improvements: Two special cows to celebrate iOS15 + Apple-related daily messagesiCloud sync: this took a LOT of work and prepares for exciting updatesSupport for Family Sharing, including for existing subscribers! It's time to invite your whole family on board!The Population view entirely
Arnaud Joubay Sep 17, 2021 • 11 min read
No Meat Today © 2022
Contribute →


Organise all recurring tasks e.g. inspections, maintenance, spot checks or training sessions that have to be completed and logged.
Create a control, select frequency (e.g. daily, monthly or whatever you see fit) and a series of individual tasks (which we have named audits) are created.
The app can be used as an integrated part of our security risk management platform or as a stand-alone feature.
Create a control and a series of recurring audits are published and can be managed from the audit dashboard.
The employee responsible for completing the audits is automatically notified either on email, SMS or in-app notifications.
If a deadline is exceeded the responsible manager is notified immediately and it is highlighted both in the app and on the dashboard.
When completing an audit a "follow-up" can be added if something is not right.


text:
#ifndef __CCResourceLoader_h__
#define __CCResourceLoader_h__

#include "cocos2d.h"
#include "CCResourceLoaderListener.h"
#include "CCLocalization.h"

using namespace std;

NS_CC_BEGIN

/**
 * a self-retain class for resource loading
 */
class CC_DLL CCResourceLoader : public CCObject {
public:
	/// load parameter
    struct LoadTask {
        /// idle time after loaded
        float idle;

        LoadTask() :
		idle(0.1f) {
        }

        virtual ~LoadTask() {}

        /// do loading
        virtual void load() {}
    };

private:
    /// type of load operation
    enum ResourceType {
        IMAGE,
        ZWOPTEX,
        ANIMATION
    };

    /// android string load task
    struct AndroidStringLoadTask : public LoadTask {
        /// language
        string lan;

        /// file path
        string path;

        /// merge or not
        bool merge;

        virtual ~AndroidStringLoadTask() {}

        virtual void load() {
            CCLocalization::sharedLocalization()->addAndroidStrings(lan, path, merge);
        }
    };

    /// image load parameter
    struct ImageLoadTask : public LoadTask {
        /// image name
        string name;

        virtual ~ImageLoadTask() {}

        virtual void load() {
            CCTextureCache::sharedTextureCache()->addImage(name.c_str());
        }
    };

    /// zwoptex load parameter
    struct ZwoptexLoadTask : public LoadTask {
        /// plist name
        string name;

        virtual ~ZwoptexLoadTask() {}

        virtual void load() {
            CCSpriteFrameCache::sharedSpriteFrameCache()->addSpriteFramesWithFile(name.c_str());
        }
    };

    /// zwoptex animation load parameter
    struct ZwoptexAnimLoadTask : public LoadTask {
        /// frame list
        typedef vector<string> StringList;
        StringList frames;

        /// animation name
        string name;

        /// animation unit delay
        float unitDelay;

		/// restore original frame when animate is done
		bool restoreOriginalFrame;

		ZwoptexAnimLoadTask() :
				unitDelay(0),
				restoreOriginalFrame(false) {
		}

        virtual ~ZwoptexAnimLoadTask() {}

        virtual void load() {
			if(!CCAnimationCache::sharedAnimationCache()->animationByName(name.c_str())) {
				CCSpriteFrameCache* cache = CCSpriteFrameCache::sharedSpriteFrameCache();
				CCArray* array = CCArray::create();
				for(StringList::iterator iter = frames.begin(); iter != frames.end(); iter++) {
					CCSpriteFrame* f = cache->spriteFrameByName(iter->c_str());
					array->addObject(f);
				}
				CCAnimation* anim = CCAnimation::createWithSpriteFrames(array, unitDelay);
				anim->setRestoreOriginalFrame(restoreOriginalFrame);
				CCAnimationCache::sharedAnimationCache()->addAnimation(anim, name.c_str());
			}
        }
    };

private:
	/// listener
	CCResourceLoaderListener* m_listener;

	/// remaining delay time
    float m_remainingIdle;

    /// next loading item
    int m_nextLoad;

    /// load list
    typedef vector<LoadTask*> LoadTaskPtrList;
    LoadTaskPtrList m_loadTaskList;

private:
	/// perform loading
	void doLoad(float delta);

public:
    CCResourceLoader(CCResourceLoaderListener* listener);
	virtual ~CCResourceLoader();

    /// start loading
    void run();

    /// directly add a load task
    void addLoadTask(LoadTask* t);

    /**
     * add an Android string loading task
     *
     * @param lan language ISO 639-1 code
     * @param path string XML file platform-independent path
     * @param merge true means merge new strings, or false means replace current strings
     */
    void addAndroidStringTask(const string& lan, const string& path, bool merge = false);

	/// add a image loading task
	void addImageTask(const string& name, float idle = 0);

	/// add a zwoptex image loading task
	void addZwoptexTask(const string& name, float idle = 0);

	/// add a zwoptex animation loading task
	/// the endIndex is inclusive
	void addZwoptexAnimTask(const string& name,
							float unitDelay,
							const string& pattern,
							int startIndex,
							int endIndex,
							bool restoreOriginalFrame = false,
							float idle = 0);

	/// add a zwoptex animation loading task
	/// the endIndex is inclusive
	/// this method can specify two sets of start/end index so the
	/// animation can have two stage
	void addZwoptexAnimTask(const string& name,
							float unitDelay,
							const string& pattern,
							int startIndex,
							int endIndex,
							int startIndex2,
							int endIndex2,
							bool restoreOriginalFrame = false,
							float idle = 0);

	/// delay time before start to load
	CC_SYNTHESIZE(float, m_delay, Delay);
};

NS_CC_END

#endif // __CCResourceLoader_h__


Lastminute.com, dueña de Rumbo, ha adquirido Madfish, agencia creativa especializada en vídeo y también en planificación y compra en redes sociales.
Consultancies have been creeping into agency turf for years now. But even in light of Accenture Interactive's purchase this week of award-winning creative agency Droga5, the idea that they'll will wipe out ad agencies altogether has been overplayed.
Kate Rowlinson and Christine Fang join global leadership team.


Glens Falls Country Club opened for business in 1912, with a Donald Ross-designed 9-hole course appearing two years later. The same architect returned eight years after that to add another nine holes to the layout and today– apart from an alteration to the 16th hole in 1985 – the course that's now in play is largely the one that Ross laid out a century ago.
Feature holes include short par fours at the 5th, which plays to a wickedly contoured "top hat" green, and the 7th, where three bunkers cut into the front and left side of the green on a diagonal line at the top of a ridge. The par four 17th is regarded by many as the best two-shot hole on the course, routed downhill into a valley then up towards a false-fronted green.
One of the benefits architects had in the early part of the 20th century was being able to select land on behalf of deep pocket benefactors and not have to concern themselves with the slew of environmental rules and regulations that existing architects most routinely face.
Glens Falls will likely escape the radar of many. The course is near to Albany, New York's capital, but the course has maintained a very low-key profile and will likely be unfamiliar to many.
Ross faced a major challenge in getting a routing over and around a major hill that plays a prominent role in how the holes are featured. The 1st hole serves quick notice on what lies ahead as you face an uphill blind dog-leg right tee shot. The bold play can go for the corner and attempt to reach the par-5 hole in two shots. For many, the prudent play is taking the more conventional route.
The 2nd is a superb hole -- playing a good bit more than then 399 yards listed. Once again it's uphill but the challenge is entirely in front of you. The 6th and 7th are also very good. The former plays 399 yards and features a blind drive and then asks for a keen approach to a fine green. The latter is a drivable par-4 but that can only be accomplished with a marriage between power and accuracy. Failing that, the likelihood of birdie is far from a sure thing.
Glens Falls has one major weakness – the final hole. It's a quaint short par-3 hole that simply is lackluster. When courses opt to go with a par-3 closer, I think of such quality holes as the 18th at Garden City Golf Club or the finale at The Geronimo Course at Desert Mountain. The better option for Glens Falls would be to have the 17th hole serve as the closer since it's already near the clubhouse now. The existing 18th could be switched to the 1st hole and simply have it out of the way sooner than occupy the closing position it does now.
Ross did a fantastic job in creating a routing that maxes out the entire footprint of the property. Yes, the holes are close to one another but the separation between them avoids any claustrophobic impacts. The greens are also varied with all sorts of falloffs and a series of internal contours that will test one's ability to read greens and execute with precision. The same holds true when missing with one's approach shot – you'd best have a deft touch to leave unscathed.
Glens Falls was never really on my radar screen until I read Tom Doak's comments in his updated Confidential Guide series. I had to see firsthand if what was said of the course is anything close to his thoughts. I enjoyed the course immensely and urge anyone who happens to be in the neighborhood and can gain access to play it. Given the penchant for mindless slog courses with little more than formulaic designs Glens Falls is truly a special place.
A below the radar design of Donald Ross that shines. The course features many blind shots starting from the first tee, which asks the golfer to hit his tee shot up a huge hill with no flag visible anywhere. The fourth, sixth and tenth also feature blind tee shots, and approaches to six, seven, eight and several more holes are also blind. Ross used multi-tiered greens in abundance and incorporated swales, hollows, dips and punchbowls into the putting services to great effect. The routing flows beautifully through the hilly property, with nary an uneven lie. Especially noteworthy is the stretch of holes beginning with the sixth and ending at the ninth which fit into the landscape perfectly. Although the last three of them are short (a par four of 292, a par four of 362 and par three of 146) because of the hills and the green designs they command total precision and respect. A course that you would be lucky to call your home and to play every day.


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Home > 2019 > Pulwama: A Wake-up Call for Peace in the Region
Mainstream, VOL LVII No 11 New Delhi March 2, 2019
Pulwama: A Wake-up Call for Peace in the Region
by Ram Puniyani
The suicidal terrorist, Adil Ahmad Dar, rammed his explosive laden car into two trucks of a CRPF convoy on February 14, 2019. The blast led to the brutal murder of 44 jawans, a big national tragedy, most heinous and condemnable. In terms of scale and casualties, it exceeds even the Uri attack of September 18, 2016, in which four heavily armed terrorists targeted an Army brigade headquarters, killing 19 soldiers. The Pulwama attack is even more serious than the car-bombing at the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly complex in Srinagar on October 1, 2001, that killed 38 people. Both the Uri and Legislative Assembly terrorist attacks are said to have been carried out by the Pakistan-based terror outfit, Jaish-e-Mohammed (J-e-M). The same organisation has also taken responsibility for the Pulwama attack now.
In the aftermath of the Uri attack, India undertook a surgical strike on Pakistan, with the assumption that it was a fitting response to the Uri terror attack. Pakistan denied any such attack having taken place on its soil. One recalls that even when demonetisation was undertaken, the claim was that it will curtail militancy in Kashmir as terrorists are able to operate with counterfeit currency, and demonetisation will render this currency useless. It is, however, clear that there is no let up in militancy there.
Following the attack, the Modi Government is trying to flex its muscles. Prime Minister Modi has declared that the Army has been given a green signal to take suitable steps to counter the situation. Meanwhile, other developments taking place on the ground across the country are disturbing. There are reports that Kashmiri students have been threatened in various cities in several States. Tathagata Roy, the Governor of Meghalaya, has given the call to boycott Kashmiris. A deliberate attempt is being made by the Hindutva groups like Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bharatiya Janata Party supporters to whip up nationalistic passions with chants of 'Bharat Mata Ki Jai', waving of the tricolour, giving slogans against Pakistan, and associating Pakistan with Muslims. The likes of Anupam Kher and Sonu Nigam are spewing anger against secular and liberal people. At several places, vigilante groups are threatening Muslims. The situation in Jammu required the imposition of curfew as the threat to the Muslims was palpable in the area. The BJP's State chief of J&K, Ravindra Raina, and MP Jugal Kishore took part in the protests targeting the Muslims. The BJP has distanced itself from the violence without giving any statement condemning the participation of its leaders in these vicious protests.
The violence has left Kashmiri Muslims living in Jammu and other parts of India fearful.
It is another matter that in different places, many Muslim groups have come on the streets to denounce Pakistan and have strongly condemned the terror attack. The Chief of Ajmer Dargah, Syed Zainul Abedin, went to the extent of saying that people from Pakistan will be barred from visiting the Ajmer shrine. On one hand, activists and groups wanting peace have issued appeals for sheltering the targeted Kashmiris, while many local level leaders have threatened that those sheltering Kashmiris will be attacked. The speeches of communal elements are charging up the atmosphere in a very negative and divisive way.
How do we deal with this situation and bring peace to Kashmir? First, we have to identify as to why the region is gripped in such a terror. There are multiple components, which have got mixed up. The militancy in Kashmir began in the decades of the 1960s and assumed horrendous proportions since the 1980s. The core issue was the feeling of alienation in Kashmir. The feeling is that their autonomy has been curtailed over a period of time. This autonomy was a part of the treaty through which Kashmir acceded to India. As per Article 370, the Kashmir Assembly has all powers barring the areas of defence, communications, currency and external affairs. The abolition of this clause has been an important part of the Hindutva agenda of the RSS—BJP.
After the accession of Kashmir to India, the communal groups started the campaign that Kashmir should be totally merged into India. This sowed the seeds of the process of alienation of the Kashmiri people right from the 1950s onwards. As this alienation increased, it led to many elements becoming disgruntled and eventually resulted in the birth of militancy, which was given full support from across the border by Pakistan. Another development which has fuelled the growth of terrorism in the region is related to the politics for the control of oil resources. This process was initiated by America which helped the grooming of the Al-Qaeda-type elements in Pakistani madrassas. This process of grooming terrorist elements was not only encouraged but also totally funded by America in the 1980s (America spent 8000 million dollars and supplied armaments to the tune of 7000 tonnes). These terrorist groups, after winning the war against the Soviet/Russian occupation of Afghanistan, became jobless and so entered Kashmir, taking advantage of the dissatisfaction that was already there. They trampled upon the unique culture of Kashmir, known as Kashmiriyat, a cultural synthesising of Buddhist values, Vedanta and Sufi tradition. This was one of the major factors which started the communalisation of the Kashmir problem and led to the exodus of Kashmiri Pundits from the Valley.
The Al-Qaeda-type terror groups, funded by America and housed in Pakistan, have now assumed the form of a Frankenstein monster. Pakistan has lost over seventy thousand people in terror attacks, including the ex-Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto. These terror groups do indeed get patronage from a section of the Pakistani Army. The response to the situation of turmoil in the Kashmir region requires a comprehensive understanding of the genesis and growth of terrorism in Kashmir. Adil Ahmad Dar, the Jaish-e-Mohammad recruit, is a local boy from Kashmir, who took to the path of terror after being thrashed by the Army. So far, most foot soldiers of the terror outfits have been from across the border. Now agitated local boys have also started joining these organisations. It is to be noted that during the last four-and-a-half years of Modi rule, the number of terror acts, recruits for terrorism and the Army personnel killed in such incidents has gone up several times. An IndiaSpend analysis (a non-profit data portal) based on government data shows that over 800 terror incidents have been reported in J&K over the three years ending 2017, increasing from 208 in 2015 to 342 in 2017. As many as 744 people have died in these three years: 471 terrorists, 201 security forces and 72 civilians. While one can say that Pakistan-based terror groups have played a major role in increasing the terror acts, it is equally true that this increase is the result of the policies of the Modi regime, where dialogue has been replaced by bullets and pellet guns. Can terrorism be wiped out by bullets alone?
We of course need to improve our intelligence and security and prevent recurrence of such attacks. Surely the Pakistan-based terror groups need to be punished and brought to book. At the same time, it also needs to be realised that a surgical strike and aggressive words cannot save the region from the present tormenting situation. War is no solution, war itself is the problem. It is the soldiers again who will have to bear the brunt of the damages of war. Along with that, the whole region will sink into an abyss from which recovery will take years. While pursuing a firm policy in Kashmir and with our neighbour, we need to initiate a solid process of dialogue with the disgruntled elements and with our neighbour to bring peace to the region. A lasting peace is what we need; temporary aggressive measures will not eliminate the seeds of terror in the region. We need to introspect and realise that while Pakistani support and housing of terror groups worsens the situation, unless we address the grievances of the local people, the outsiders will keep making merry by instigating and supporting the local dissident elements.
The creation of an atmosphere of retaliation is worsening the situation. It is a short-sighted response, and inadequate to eliminate the problem of terrorism in the region. The present atmosphere where Muslims are feeling insecure and Kashmiris are being targeted is worsening the situation. We do need to give an atmosphere of security and amity to all our citizens. An appeal of harmony from the top may restrain the communal elements who in their display of hyper-nationalism are creating a situation which violates the principle of fraternity, the foundation of our nation and the base of our Constitution.
The author, a retired Professor at the IIT-Bombay, is currently associated with the Centre for the Study of Secularism and Society, Mumbai.
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text:
The Great Sheffield Flood was a flood that devastated parts of Sheffield, England, on 11 March 1864, when the Dale Dyke Dam broke as its reservoir was being filled for the first time. At least 240 people died and more than 600 houses were damaged or destroyed by the flood. The immediate cause was a crack in the embankment, the cause of which was never determined. The dam's failure led to reforms in engineering practice, setting standards on specifics that needed to be met when constructing such large-scale structures. The dam was rebuilt in 1875.

Dale Dyke Dam

Sheffield is a city and subdivision of South Yorkshire, England. As the town industrialised, its population grew from 45,478 in 1801 to 185,157 in 1861. This rapid population growth resulted in greatly increased demand for water, which led to the construction of the Dale Dyke Dam for the purpose of providing a more efficient source of clean water. It was created by the Sheffield Waterworks Company (SWWC). During the late 1850s, the company purchased land in the Loxley Valley to the north-west of the town, on which to build a reservoir. By the 1860s the dam and its associated works had been passed as satisfactory and it was allowed to fill with water.

Collapse of Dale Dyke Dam

On the night of 11 March 1864, assisted by a strong south-western gale, the newly built dam, known as the Dale Dyke Dam in Bradfield Dale near Low Bradfield on the River Loxley, collapsed while it was being filled for the first time. An estimated 3 million cubic metres (700 million imperial gallons) of water swept down the Loxley Valley, through Loxley Village and on to Malin Bridge and Hillsborough, where the River Loxley joins the River Don. The flood continued south down the Don into Sheffield centre, around the eastward bend of the Don at Lady's Bridge, then to Attercliffe, past the sites of what later became Don Valley Stadium, Sheffield Arena and Meadowhall Centre, and on to Rotherham. A wall of water moved swiftly down the valley, destroying everything in its course. The centre of the town, situated on the hill to the south, escaped damage, but the densely populated district of the Wicker, around the new railway viaduct (constructed by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway), was completely destroyed. The waterworks company's consultant engineer, John Towlerton Leather, was one of a family of worthy Yorkshire engineers who were involved in such work. His uncle, George Leather, had been responsible for reservoirs around Leeds and Bradford, and one of these was the scene of a dramatic collapse, in 1852, when 81 people died. John Leather and resident engineer John Gunson were working closely together during the construction of the dam. Leather designed the dam and oversaw its construction whereas Gunson directed and supervised the construction of the dam. Gunson was on site the night of the collapse and stated that there was a concerning crack in the outer slope of the embankment. Gunson convinced himself that the crack was not harmful but still took the precaution of opening up the valves on the middle of the embankment to allow more water through. This failed to prevent the crack from worsening.

Aftermath
The mayor, Thomas Jessop, quickly set up a relief fund and help was provided for the homeless and needy. Sheffield was quickly supplied with aid wherever needed. The mayor ordered a meeting "For the purpose of considering and adopting such measures as may be deemed necessary to meet sufferings occasioned by this dreadful calamity", raising over £4,000. On 18 March 1864 the mayor called another meeting, but this time it was for anyone who could afford it to give up one day's wage to give to those in need. A relief committee was created, and in total over £42,000 was raised.

The company denied any problems relating to their structure and design of the dam, and believed that the cause of the crack and the collapse involved a landslide or landslip. Public perception, informed by the Coroner's court and the press, saw the collapse as due to a failure in the mode of construction of the dam. The professional inquiry was conducted, and progressed to parliamentary investigations and institutional deliberations. The experts could not agree about the causes of the Dale Dyke collapse. They noted that even with the cracks the collapse of the whole dam was unforeseeable. The corporation had found two men who either were or were becoming president and then found five other engineers, all of whom had already been or about to become presidents of the Civils. They thought that on the basis of landslipping they would pardon the Sheffield Waterworks Company from any carelessness and that the collapse of the Dale Dyke Dam was an unpredictable accident. They continued:

We are moreover of the opinion that all the arrangements made by your engineers were such as might have been reasonably expected to have proved sufficient for the purposes for which they were intended and that, if the ground beneath the bank had not moved, this work would have been as safe and as perfect as the other five or six large reservoirs of the company which have so long supplied the town of Sheffield and the rivers Rivelin, Loxley and Don with water.
As for the physical damage in Sheffield and all the nearby areas hit in this short space of time, 238 people died and some 700 animals were drowned; 130 buildings were destroyed and 500 partially damaged; 15 bridges were swept away and six others badly damaged. The engineering profession at this time possessed a weekly magazine, The Engineer, that provided both an excellent contribution to the technical press and a platform of public relations. An editorial headed "The Bradfield Reservoir" on 18 March 1864 reflected the anxiety of the moment:
Its fall, coupled with that of the failure of the Holmfirth reservoir ... show that the practice of civil engineering is far from what it should be ... That the forthcoming investigation will be of the most searching character there can be no doubt.
A fortnight later, under the same title, it went on:
The broken dam was constructed much according to the ordinary practice in such works. It failed nonetheless ...That the Bradfield dam was lamentably defective no one can doubt ... The Bradfield catastrophe, in its way, is a useful warning to the whole profession.

The claims for damages formed one of the largest insurance claims of the Victorian period.

Rebuilding

The collapse of the Dale Dyke Dam led to reforms in engineering practice. The court criticised the design and the construction of the dam. They focused on things such as the placing of the outlet pipes; the puddle wall thickness; the method by which the embankment had been built up from railway tip-wagons; the inadequacy of the overflow arrangements, and the practice of removing spoil for the embankment from the area to be flooded. This then set standards on specifics that needed to be met when constructing such large-scale structures as the Dale Dyke Dam. The Dale Dyke dam was eventually rebuilt in 1875, but on a smaller scale. As for John Gunson, most of the blame fell on him, although the company recognised his loyalty by retaining him in its service until he died in 1886. The Government started a Board of Inundation Commissioners to pass judgement for compensation claims against the Waterworks Company. They also arbitrated 7,500 claims for loss of life and property which totalled £455,000. All but 650 claims were settled without recourse to the arbitration process, but those 650 claims took almost six months to process. The claims registers record the claimant, their marital status and address, as well as details of the claim and the outcome, and amount awarded in compensation. They provide a unique insight into mid-Victorian Sheffield's trade and industry with claims listed for stock, tools and premises damaged and lost. The claims for furniture, clothes, books, toys and household utensils and goods help build up a picture of workers' lives at the time. A flood memorial stone marks the site of the original dam wall and footpaths to explore the area.

150th anniversary
March 2014 saw the 150th anniversary of the disaster. Events took place to commemorate the occasion, including an illustrated talk and exhibition at Low Bradfield Village Hall, guided walks to the dam, memorial services at both St Nicholas, High Bradfield and St Polycarps, Malin Bridge, and a public talk at the University of Sheffield by the Institution of Civil Engineers and the British Dam Society. A commemorative tankard and plate were produced by the Bradfield Historical Society and the Bradfield Brewery produced a special "flood beer" known as Dam It. The duo Toffee Music recorded a CD of Great Sheffield Flood songs.

See also
Floods in Sheffield 2007
Great Sheffield Gale, a lesser known disaster which devastated the city 98 years later
List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll
List of deadliest floods

References

External links
The Great Flood at Sheffield – 1864
Newspaper article from 1864
Sheffield Flood – insurance claims archive
Sources for the Study of the Sheffield Flood 1864 Produced by Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives
Documentary film telling the story of the Great Sheffield Flood 1864

Sheffield Flood 1864, song by Toffee Music created for the 150th anniversary, on SoundCloud

1864 in England
Dam failures in Europe
Disasters in Yorkshire
Floods in England
History of Sheffield
1864 natural disasters
1864 floods in the United Kingdom
19th century in Yorkshire
March 1864 events
19th century in Sheffield
1864 disasters in the United Kingdom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A neutral design suitable for a variety of homes, the Cathedral Outdoor Series is stylish yet classically understated and is the perfect addition to the Coastal Armour Collection. The clear glass is heavily seeded allowing for a softer glow of light emitted from the integrated LED. The Palladian Bronze finish complements the strong lines and arches of the fixture.


text:
import edit_button from '../../edit_button.html';
//import set from './setting.html';

export default function (nga, admin) {
    var URL = admin.getEntity('URL');
    URL.listView()
        .batchActions([])
        .fields([
            nga.field('help_page', 'string')
                .validation({ required: true })
                .label('Help and Support website')
                .template('
'+
                    '<ma-input-field field="field" value="entry.values.help_page"></ma-input-field>'+
                    'Configure application help page (By default /help_support)'+
                    '
'),
            nga.field('terms_condition_page', 'string')
                .validation({ required: true })
                .label('Terms and Conditions website')
                .template('
'+
                    '<ma-input-field field="field" value="entry.values.terms_condition_page"></ma-input-field>'+
                    'Configure application terms and conditions page (By default /terms_and_condition)'+
                    '
'),
            nga.field('online_payment_url', 'string')
                .validation({ required: true })
                .label('Online payment web page')
                .template('
'+
                    '<ma-input-field field="field" value="entry.values.online_payment_url"></ma-input-field>'+
                    'Configure web page for online payments from application'+
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'),
            nga.field('assets_url', 'string')
                .validation({ required: true })
                .label('Assets URL')
                .template('
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                    '<ma-input-field field="field" value="entry.values.assets_url"></ma-input-field>'+
                    'URL to provide images through a CDN.'+
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            nga.field('template')
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                .template(edit_button),

        ]);

    URL.editionView()
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Biological structure and function result in general from the interaction of simple biological entities of same or different nature. Relations are therefore essential in biology. As a consequence, graphs occupy an important place in the algorithms that exist or are required to address a wide range of biological problems.
Trees are a special class of graphs that have already been extensively used as modelling tools for evolutionary events (edges in this case correspond in general to time) or planar representations of 3D molecular structures (mainly of RNAs).
Even in the case of evolution, trees are however often not the most appropriate model as possible exchanges of genetic material between species located at different branches of the tree of life confer a graph-like structure to evolution. Graphs are also required to model full 3D structures (RNAs but also proteins or DNA), the network of gene expression inside an organism, metabolic pathways, host-parasite relations etc.
what the graphs are modelling: evolution, 3D structures, genetic or metabolic networks, etc.
Inference problems are also of primordial importance with the added difficulty in relation to string inference problems that characterising "unexpected" behaviour is even harder to appropriately and accurately assess in the case of graphs.
It is important to infer unexpected characterics of the graphs modelling existing relations, but also to explore potential evolutionary, structural or systems pathways that have not been used by nature. This introduces a new problem that in general, in terms of modelling and algorithms, differs from simple graph traversals or enumeration by the complexity of the objective function one seeks to optimize.


text:
Suzuki New Bikes
Suzuki Promotions
Suzuki News & Offers
WATERS AND IDDON JOIN HALSALL SUZUKI FOR 2015 BRITISH SUPERBIKE CHAMPIONSHIP
Double British Superbike race winner Josh Waters and World Superbike EVO front runner Christian Iddon will join the Halsall Racing Team in 2015, spearheading Suzuki's official entry in the MCE Insurance British Superbike Championship.
The move will see Waters continue his long relationship with Suzuki, having taken two Superbike titles for the Japanese marque in his native Australia between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, the 27-year-old took the Suzuki GSX-R1000 to two race victories and secured a brace of top six results.
Having spent two years racing on the world stage, Iddon will return to Britain in 2015 for what will be his first full season in the MCE British Superbike Championship. The 30-year-old is no stranger to success in the UK having taken two victories on his way to fifth place in the 2012 British Supersport Championship. The nine-time British Supermoto Champion also impressed by taking pole position in a wildcard appearance at the Assen round of British Superbikes last year.
Last month Halsall Racing announced a partnership with Suzuki GB which sees the Bolton-based outfit become Suzuki's official British Superbike representative from the 2015 season.
Josh Waters:
"I'm excited to be back in British Superbikes for a third year in 2015. It's great to be staying with Suzuki and I'm really looking forward to moving into the Halsall team. I really enjoyed riding a couple of rounds for Martin in 2013 and Jack Valentine has such great experience with Suzuki so I can't wait to get working with him.
"The team has a good plan to make the bike as strong as possible for 2015 and I can't wait to ride it for the first time later this year. There's no reason I shouldn't be able to start this season where I left off at the end of 2014".
Christian Iddon:
"I'm really excited about joining Halsall Suzuki for 2015. The bike has clearly got pedigree; two years ago it finished second in the championship and last year Josh won races on it. With the added experience of Jack Valentine, I'm really confident about this package.
"It has to be said the Halsall team have had a meteoric rise in the championship, just a few years ago they were in in the Superstock 1000 class and now they are a factory supported British Superbike team. I originally stopped doing Supermoto with a view of winning a championship, so I expect to be running at the front!"
Martin Halsall – Team Owner:
"It is looking really exciting for the Halsall Team as we embark on our new adventure with Suzuki. We're really looking forward to working with Josh Waters and Christian Iddon; they both have a lot of promise and I think they will fit in great with the team. We'll be doing our best to put together a great package for the pair of them and can't wait to get started in a couple of months' time."
Jack Valentine – Team Manager:
"I'm really pleased we've signed Josh and Christian to ride the Halsall Suzuki in 2015. Josh has a wealth of experience with the GSX-R and he's already highlighted some of the areas he'd like to improve. His strong end to the 2014 season shows the bike has got potential and he is determined to get the most out of it.
"Christian joins us having spent two years racing brand new bikes in World Superbikes, impressing with podiums and front-row starts on the Supersport MV Agusta and strong EVO results on the Bimota BB3. He showed the kind of results he is capable of rocking up at Assen last year with an unproven bike only to go and take pole position. I'm confident he'll get on really well with the GSX-R.
"In Josh and Christian we've got a really strong line-up; one that I believe is capable of taking Suzuki back into the British Superbike showdown."
Join KRT and dress for success in 2023
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Mahmood Mamdani was born on 23 April 1946 in Bombay, India. He grew up in Uganda and acquired his B.A from the University of Pittsburgh, before going on to obtain his Masters and PhD from Harvard University in 1974. Mamdani specializes in the study of African and international politics, colonialism and post‐colonialism, and the politics of knowledge production. is an academic, author and political commentator. As a student, Mamdani joined the civil rights movement in the US and participated in marches in places like Birmingham.
Mamdani has taught at the University of Dar‐es‐Salaam (1973‐79), Makerere University (1980‐1993), and the University of Cape Town (1996‐1999). In 1972, the Amin regime revoked Mamdani's Ugandan citizenship after he made a speech suggesting that famine in Uganda was as much man-made as a result of natural disaster. Mamdani had to leave Uganda in November 1972. From 1998 to 2002, Mamdani served as President of CODESRIA (Council for the Development of Social Research in Africa).
In 2008, in an open online poll, Mamdani was voted as the 9th topmost intellectual person in the world on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals by Prospect Magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (US) He received honorary doctorate from Addis Ababa University and the University of Johannesburg, both in 2010. He is currently Professor and Director of the Makerere Institute of Social Research at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, and the Herbert Lehman Professor of Government at Columbia University, New York.
Mamdani's work explores politics and culture, colonialism since 1452, the history of civil war and genocide in Africa, the Cold War and the War on Terror, and the history and theory of human rights. He has published extensively. Here are some of his works:
Uganda Studies in Labour, Scholars in the Marketplace,
Academic Freedom in Africa,
When Victims Become Killers,
Good Muslim, Bad Muslim,
Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror.


Like many other countries, the United States is buried under a pile of mounting debt. Tunneling out will mean making some tough choices that can't be put off much longer.
News stories regularly remind us that most national governments in the developed world are essentially insolvent. The United States has one of the worst balance sheets, with a projected debt in 2050 of $123 trillion. Of course, what can't happen won't happen, as economist Herbert Stein taught us. Long before that point, most countries will get their finances in order—either after a careful analysis of the alternatives or because they will be unable to borrow money and will be forced to take corrective action. How capably they respond will determine their future economic competitiveness and their standard of living.


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Конхунто Кампестре Арас има више значења:

 Конхунто Кампестре Арас (Амозок), насеље у савезној држави Пуебла у Мексику
 Конхунто Кампестре Арас (Пуебла), насеље у савезној држави Пуебла у Мексику