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Districts, schools, and/or teachers must be prepared to accommodate access to peer participation in instruction. Equitable access to language includes access to peer responses, questions, and even off-topic remarks. With regard to the use of masks in instructional settings including students who are deaf and hard of hearing, there are some important factors to consider.
All masks, including those made from fabric as well as those with the clear plastic panels, may negatively impact the auditory signal produced by the speaker's voice. A recent study indicated the attenuation, or interference, could be as much as 12 decibels in some masks. Schools and districts must be prepared to provide accessory measures to ensure equitable access to language, as stated in ADA Title II, whether that be through improved use of classroom amplification, captioned media, or visual supports such as notes provided ahead of time, use of graphic supports (e.g., pictures, diagrams, outlines), etc.
Full fabric masks obscure critical visual information from a speaker's face, making speechreading (see: lipreading) impossible for a communication partner relying on this support for comprehension. Students who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) may not be able to understand spoken language without access to not only the speaker's lips but their entire facial structure. They also block visual cues to students who are D/HH, including those who use sign language and need these visual facial cues to clarify manual communication. This is inclusive of but not limited to: mouth morphemes, non-verbal facial expressions that convey intensity, meaning, and purpose of a given sign, and grammatical information that is embedded within the facial expression paired with the sign.
Full fabric facemasks can also limit the wearer's visual field, which presents a hazard for walking. For students with limited or restricted vision, this obstruction may interfere with minimal residual vision manifesting in a child's or adult's ability to see very little. When paired with unfamiliar environments, like those students will be experiencing returning to new classrooms or new schools at the beginning of the year, this interference can make it difficult for students to move efficiently and safely around campus. Schools, districts, and teachers can improve this condition by allowing students an opportunity to practice traversing patterns they will be expected to navigate during the day.
Clear-panel masks may afford some access to a speaker's lips and mouth to support some speechreading, but may pose their own obstacles to accessibility.
Careful consideration of the size and position of the clear panel must be made to ensure there is sufficient visual access to the entire mouth area in order to make speechreading and visual cues available.
Respiration using a clear-panel mask may create condensation on the inside of the mask which defeats the purpose of the plastic window so anti-fogging efforts must be considered.
Condensation also leads to the need for special cleaning procedures for the plastic window to ensure safety as well as hygiene.
Speakers with facial hair, specifically mustaches, may find the mask and the plastic window push down on the hairs, stick to the window, and otherwise interfere with visual access.
Schools may be considering full-face shields as an alternative to cloth masks. While these shields may cost more initially, they may allow for improved visibility of the wearer's face due to the transparency of the whole device. These shields are also much larger, making them easier to find and their hard surface can be cleaned with disinfectant and cloth. However, face shields are significantly heavier and wearers may fatigue more easily. Districts must also consider the open nature of the bottom of some shields. A solid-pattern fabric attached to the bottom of the shield completes the barrier.
Additional considerations for mask use with students who are D/HH:
Regardless of the style of the mask, the speaker's voice may not carry through the mask, resulting in a muffled version of the speaker's voice. Consideration should be taken when evaluating how to best utilize an amplification system to ensure that the student is not receiving an amplified distortion of speech, further blocking accessibility to his or her teacher and the academic environment.
Pass-around microphones for soundfield amplification may not be feasible as they would be considered a shared supply, the utility of which is in direct opposition to the most recent CDC guidelines for opening schools. Teachers can accommodate this barrier to language by repeating what students say or ask. This is a best practice for many learners including English language learners, students with attention-based disabilities, those with auditory processing disorders, and those with other learning disabilities in addition to students who are deaf or hard of hearing.
While masks are in use, it is imperative that a functional listening evaluation (FLE) be conducted to determine the rate and quality of access to the auditory signal for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Ideally, an FLE should be conducted both WITH and WITHOUT amplification so the IEP team can determine if additional supports are necessary to ensure equitable access.
Statutes, TAPs, other legal references
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides considerations for wearing cloth face coverings.
FDA Approved Clear Facemasks:
The Communicator Surgical Mask:
Harris Communications
Safe'N'Clear
Videos (TALive!, Pineapple PD, etc.)
CDC ASL Video Series:
Easy DIY Cloth Face Coverings
RMTC-D/HH has created a Wakelet for Facemasks for Students who are DHH*.
*Note: Resources for the purchase of masks are rapidly evolving, therefore RMTC-D/HH is unable to provide an exhaustive list of where to purchase masks. Please feel free to contact us directly for further guidance.
The Texas Sensory Support Network Deaf/Hard of Hearing Statewide Lead for D/HH Services created a Wakelet for Personal Protective Equipment and Accessibility. This list explores options for personal protective equipment (PPE) that provides accessibility. Please note this list may include masks that are not FDA approved, but could be used with social distancing.
AG Bell's guidance on facemasks and amplification use
Use of RmHAT through social distancing and facemasks - Phonak Blog
NDC's guidance on facemasks and communicating with individuals who are D/HH
FDA-approved masks that are in the making
The information contained in the FAQs does not constitute legal advice. RMTC-D/HH does not endorse or sponsor any one product. Please refer to the original sources listed in each FAQ for more information.


When troubleshooting traffic flows through the Palo Alto NGFW, it can be difficult to see what's happening. Using the logs from the GUI can help.
Once you have the session ID (in the case above the session ID is 37167), use the command "show session id 37167" to drill down further into the information within that session.


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Review – Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch
Apple's recently introduced MacBook Pro 14-inch and 16-inch systems are upper-midrange notebooks that use Apple's M1 Pro and M1 Max processors. They replace the previous higher-end of the MacBook Pro 13-inch line (those with four Thunderbolt ports) and the MacBook Pro 16-inch systems, both of which used Intel processors. The introduction of these two systems completes the transition of Apple's notebook model line to its processors, which began in November 2020.
These heavily revised systems look very different from the previous MacBook Pro systems, and they are—the first new MacBook Pro case design in five years. Visually, the most distinctive new feature is a camera notch in the display, which allows for a thinner bezel like those seen previously in other high-end notebooks such as Dell's XPS series.
Also notable is the return of an HDMI port (now with HDMI 2.0 capability) and an SDXC slot, along with a MagSafe 3 power connector—back just as everyone has finally gotten used to USB-C power. Missing is the TouchBar, which never succeeded as Apple expected—Cupertino has replaced it with a "normal" set of physical function keys, but the TouchID/power button remains.
With the added specialized ports and slots, Apple has removed one of the four USB-C ports that previously existed. The three remaining USB-C ports have been upgraded from Thunderbolt 3 to Thunderbolt 4. Apple states that the analog eighth inch/3.5 mm headphone jack includes advanced support for high-impedance headphones.
Comparing the new 16-inch system to Apple's previous 16-inch system is instructive. The new system is slightly thicker and marginally smaller in width and depth. Perhaps more importantly, it is half a pound heavier—these systems mark the end of thin and light as Apple's only design direction. As with previous generations, these systems are available in Silver and Space Gray.
The included power adaptor (67 watts with the test unit) comes with a USB-C to MagSafe 3 cable. The cable itself is wrapped differently from previous Apple power cables, with the braiding hinting that Apple has been observing some of the better (and often tougher) third-party cables.
Mac Edition Radio has been testing a MacBook Pro 14-inch for over a month. The test system includes an Apple M1 Pro processor with an 8-core CPU and a 14-core GPU, 32 GB of RAM, a 512 GB SSD, a Retina (3024x1964) 14.2-inch display, and macOS 12 Monterey. Installed and tested third-party software includes current versions of Microsoft Office (including Teams), Adobe Creative Cloud (including Acrobat Reader), Claris FileMaker Pro, BlueJeans, Slack, WebEx, Zoom, Box Drive, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
With its 1080p camera, the MacBook Pro 14-inch is well-suited for video conferencing—an important consideration in late 2021. The video quality is quite good in all applications, and the six speakers give excellent sound reproduction—for a notebook. The general display quality is excellent with Wide Color (P3) and XDR support. The 1,000 nit display's brightness is outstanding—with peak brightness almost never needed. In practice, the much-discussed (and sometimes reviled) camera notch rarely interferes with functionality. Apple seems to have planned ahead to ensure that almost all menu items still fit, though we expect further adjustments in future versions of macOS.
Though improved, the keyboard remains far removed from the best-in-class components in high-end Lenovo ThinkPad systems. That said, the new keys do have a little bit more depth, and the physical escape key is welcome. The keyboard looks different because the entire keyboard tray is now anodized black aluminum, as opposed to the body-colored tray in previous models.
The MacBook Pro 14-inch system's overall performance is excellent in all tasks—demanding applications such as Photoshop run well, and the notebook rarely heats up significantly. Battery life is as expected, ranging from a high of eleven hours in light use to a low of between four and five hours in heavy video conferencing use. At Mac Edition Radio, we see the MacBook Pro 14-inch as an impressive and much-improved successor to the higher-end MacBook Pro 13-inch (2020, four Thunderbolt ports). Highly recommended, with a strong suggestion that the system be configured with 32 GB of RAM.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The $1 Million-A-Month Business Behind Your Favorite Twitter Accounts
Posted: Feb 27 2014, 10:01am CST | by Forbes, Updated: Feb 27 2014, 10:35pm CST, in Technology News
If you're one of the 1.12 million followers of the @HistoryInPics Twitter account, which posts delightfully obscure pictures of historical subjects and events, you may have asked yourself, "Are they making any money off this?"
The answer is yes. Quite a bit of money. The account is one of 200 across Twitter, Facebook and Instagram run by Social Trends Media, a young company headed by CEO Eric Damier, 30, and cofounders Xavier Di Petta, 17, Kyle Cameron, 19 and Paul Pliesovsky, 36. After launching during the last week of November, they did $800,000 in sales in December, then another $120,000 the first week of January before pulling back to work out some technical kinks. Once they relaunch in full force—Damier is aiming for next week—they hope to do $1.2 million in March.
So just how exactly does one make money off of a popular Twitter account? Social Trends' first line of business is straightforward. They use the accounts to drive traffic to a company-owned website, Kulfoto.com, then rake in the ad-dollars. Via @HistoryInPics, for example, the company plugs Kulfoto slideshows like 13 Ridiculously Offensive Vintage Advertisements. On @RealTalk, an account with 614,000 followers that caters to teenage girls, they might post a slideshow of Kardashian sister Kendall Jenner and pop star Harry Styles skiing together. People click, they make money.
By keeping the Kulfoto plugs relevant to each account and timing the content to maximize engagement—i.e. Katy Perry slideshows on the day of the Grammy's, JFK pics on his birthday—the company boosts traffic and revenue.
Damier says that the company currently maintains an audience of 300 million across its social media accounts. The list of Twitter accounts he passed along adds up to about 100 million followers, so the bulk of the company's audience must come from Facebook pages, which he declined to disclose. Facebook has shutdown some of the company's pages in the past, and the founders are currently trying to become an official reseller of Facebook ad inventory. So they're laying low on that network for now.
On a good month, the company herds about 25 million visitors to Kulfoto. (Alexa has them closer to 4 million this month.) This business generates 70% of the company's monthly revenues.
Part of Social Trends' trick is that they only own a handful of the 150 Twitter accounts they manage. The rest are run mostly by young entrepreneurs looking to make a buck off their audiences. In exchange for some coaching and an undisclosed chunk of ad revenue, the owners allow Social Trends to use their accounts to drive traffic to Kulfoto. Social Trends employs four full-time "content curators," while the bulk of the upkeep is left to account owners.
This line of business will hopefully fade in importance as the company's new product, Social AdX, gains traction. The SaaS product allows advertisers to manage campaigns and bid on ad placements across the company's network of social media accounts. "That's the billion-dollar business," Daimler says.
Early clients, which include agencies running campaigns on behalf of Coca-Cola, The Voice and textbook rental company Chegg, use the technology to filter Social Trends' accounts for those that best fit their target audience. Using Twitter API's and third-party data, Social AdX allows advertisers to filter accounts according to age, location, gender, and interests like hip-hop and celebrities. Afterwards they bid on ad placement and timing, then track impressions and shares generated by their ads. If needed, Social Trends helps craft ad content to fit each account. "It's very granular," Damier boasts. "We can adjust each message based on the audience we're presenting it too."
Chegg, for example, paid for the below spot on Social Trends' @CollegeStudent account, among others.
Customers pay anywhere from $10,000 to $250,000 for Social AdX campaigns, according to Daimier. For the current beta period, the average spend is $25,000 per client. Damier says that number should ramp up as the company gets more comfortable running large campaigns and clients get more comfortable using the platform after seeing results. The product will launch publicly in late April.
Damier, Di Petta and Cameron met over the Internet in 2009, when each was messing around with YouTube, trying to make a business out of building audiences on the site. (Mashable writer Seth Fiegerman presents a more detailed history of the company. Atlantic writer Alexis Madrigal also has a piece focused on Di Petta and Cameron.) They began working together in earnest to form Social Trends Media in early 2013. They roped in Pliesovsky, who created Kulfoto, around the same time. With the exception of Di Petta, who is still in high school in Australia, the team is moving to San Francisco this week to attend the 500 Startups accelerator program.
According to Damier, the self-proclaimed "old fart" of the group, Cameron is the team member most responsible for crafting the company's popular accounts. "He's like a viral psychic," Damier says. Di Petta, who makes tens of thousands each month running a separate development company, Swift Fox Labs, focuses on business development and partnerships, while Pliesovsky runs tech.
The company is currently raising a $1 million+ seed round. They plan to hire more developers, and later, a sales team to go after larger advertisers.
Follow me @JJColao and on Facebook.
Who Will Get Rich From The Twitter IPO?
Forbes is among the most trusted resources for the world's business and investment leaders, providing them the uncompromising commentary, concise analysis, relevant tools and real-time reporting they need to succeed at work, profit from investing and have fun with the rewards of winning.


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Comedy Easy Virtue
Easy Virtue
Genre Comedy
Easy Virtue is a Noel Coward adaptation by Stephan Elliott (The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert) starring Jessica Biel, Kristin Scott Thomas, Ben Barnes and Colin Firth. The stage play gets a Hollywood makeover with a sprawling on-location English countryside backdrop, while the stiff upper lip gets the finger-flip to make that "brrr-brrr" sound as Jessica Biel rips up the rolling hills with her motor car as Larita. She's a strong, free-spirited and dangerous character comparable with Dharma from Dharma & Greg. She begins an uphill battle when introduced to her in-laws, the Whittakers, who are determined to rein their wayward prodigal son in with the allure of the homely country estate.
The fish-out-of-water comedy usually happens when an "Englishman" finds himself in New York. This is a switcheroo similar to the atmosphere in Global Heresy, that movie with Peter O'Toole and Alicia Silverstone. It's set in the roaring '20s and while Biel seems miscast at first, she eases into the role better than Scarlett Johannson could have done it with her fair looks, hardened heart and cougar profile.
Coward's play is a send up of stuffy British social norms and its witty script bristles with innuendo and inside jokes with the best of British and American humour. The underhanded political muscling in the social ranks of the family is pitch-perfect and hilarious as Biel tries to fit in against the domineering matriarchal spirit of her mother-in-law, Mrs. Whittaker.
There's even a fair share of slapstick and dark comedy thrown into the mix to keep pace. The movie makes an excellent balance between traditional English manner and the crass, modern, rule-breaking disposition of the archetypal "American". The music echoes this notion with updated big band numbers including a rendition of Tom Jones's Sex Bomb to herald the big hunt.
It's a fun ride and tears a gaping hole in the classic period piece. The backdrop may remind you of a Jane Austen adaptation, but the upbeat tempo, cheeky sense of humour and clash between ice queen mother and daughter-in-law is entertaining and anything but stuffy. The performances are solid from the core cast with an understated turn from Kris Marshall, "Nick" from My Family. Scott Thomas masters the controlling mother figure come ice queen, Firth embodies a sobering counterbalance to the flippant tone, Ben Barnes makes a convincing and impressionable young man and Biel gives one of her best performances yet.
The story does move from frivolous comedy and cheeky interplay to more serious, darker tones in the last third, which breaks with the tone of the film. The change in tempo is a comedown, which sets the piece back down in reality and makes the lightweight agenda more pressing and even depressing… although English comedian, John Cleese, would say that tragedy is an important part of comedy. All in all, Easy Virtue makes a sharp and enjoyable change of pace from the traditional English family estate period drama.
The bottom line: Witty.
0/10 ( 0 Votes )


This continues a series of guest columns on how technology is reshaping hobbies and passions – basket weaving, rugby – whatever.
This time it is Jim Holincheck who I worked with at my startup Iq4hire, and is now a very well respected Gartner analyst. He writes about his frequent visits to the theme parks in Orlando. In fact, when he joined Gartner I kidded him it was because their annual conference on the Disney campus would add to his other trips there.
"My first trip to Walt Disney World (WDW) was in December of 1990 with my then-girlfriend (now wife, Cynthia) who had been going there since the year after it opened. I proposed to her on that trip, and we have been back many times since for vacations and conferences, so you can consider Disney a hobby for us.The photo was taken at the Disney Institute where we signed up for a course in animation. Yes, those vintage terminals should tell you it was a long time ago.
WDW was a much simpler place in 1990 – truly a "small world" compared to the bustling metropolis it has become. Today, Disney weddings and engagements are big business – with all kinds of variations which could include cruises or couture touches. You can buy engagement packages with castle backgrounds and even those with fireworks streaking by when the lady says "yes". Back then, however, I prepared by reading a Disney travel guide and struggled to find a placeholder ring (we would later pick out the real engagement ring together) and plan a suitable proposal.
In addition, at that point, there were only two major theme parks - Disney World and Epcot. Disney's MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) was a fraction of its current size because it had only recently opened. Downtown Disney was the far smaller Disney Village Marketplace, and the on-property resorts were much less extensive. For a first time visitor, it was still overwhelming. My wife was a veteran, though, and we planned a great trip.
A few years later, I had the good fortune to do a consulting engagement for Disney. Given the passage of time, I think it is safe to reveal that I was on site for two days and I spent much of that time in a conference room. The thing I remember the most was a 3-D model hanging on the wall of the conference room that showed plans of future developments at the WDW resort. I wish we had camera phones back then. It showed all sorts of potential projects, including a monorail extension connecting the Epcot resorts (as you can see some of the plans did not come to pass).
At the time, I thought it was pretty cool. Still do today. Of course, today without signing any long non-disclosure documents in legalese, Google Earth visitors can wander through much of the virtual Disney World at ground level. To create the virtual tour, Disney photographers shot 100,000 photographs. They were turned into 1,500 three-dimensional models of everything from Cinderella Castle to park benches.
I would have really liked the monorail extension to have happened as I stay in the Epcot resort area almost every year for the Gartner Symposium/ITxpo. The hotels themselves are brimming with new tech such as the iHome which allows guests to play their iPod directly through the clock radio in the guestroom and wake to favorite songs instead of alarm buzzers. The monorail is still a great example of leading-edge technology deployed at Disney (as well as a reminder that sometimes cost effective technology -- buses in this case -- can trump cooler technologies).
There are many other technology innovations pioneered by Disney. Disney invented the multiplane camera in 1937, which allowed animated features to have more of a 3-D effect. In 1961, it created Audio-Animatronics, a form of robotics that mimics the live action of people and animals -- think the Enchanted Tiki Room.
Today, there are many technology innovations used in the Disney theme parks from biometric hand-scanners for park admission passes to Fastpass (a system that allows guests to make a "reservation" for a specific attraction that optimizes the queuing of guests) to more interactive attractions like "Turtle Talk with Crush". The video below provides a snippet of an animated character having a real-time conversation with WDW guests.
And of course, Disney now owns ABC and ESPN and continues to make all kinds of animated movies (and distribute others like Finding Nemo made by Pixar) and games with dazzling technology we could talk about for days. The characters from the movies magically seem to find themselves on Main Street in WDW a short while later. I always wonder how they decide which of the growing cast of characters gets the honor of being part of their annual Christmas Day parade tradition.
I worked there from 1979-86 and saw the open of Epcot. Went recently and was amazed at the growth not only of the parks, but the surrounding areas as well. Great post!
I grew up in Altamonte Springs,FL an easy drive to Disney World. I have been visiting the park since it opened. It was truly magical and huge back then, now it's really phenominal!


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Ian Mond Reviews Dead Souls by Sam Riviere
June 28, 2021 May 11, 2021 locusmag 0 Comments Ian Mond
Dead Souls, Sam Riviere (Catapult 978-1-646-22028-1, $26.00, 320pp, hc) May 2021.
You'd be forgiven for thinking that Sam Riviere loathes poetry. His shaggy dog tale of a second novel, Dead Souls, is, amongst other things, an evisceration of the poetry industrial complex: the poems, their authors, and the publishers. Riviere is, of course, famously a poet who runs an independent press (If a Leaf Falls Press) and has published numerous collections, including three from Faber & Faber. For all the barbs and deep cuts, Dead Souls is as much a piss-take of Riviere's career (a decade back, he was viewed as part of a "brat pack" of emerging British poets) as it is a hilarious satire on the controversies that have surrounded "the poetry establishment" over recent years. This includes the schism between spoken word and page poetry and claims that social media has cheapened the craft and created a cult of "personality poets."
Dead Souls takes place at a literary festival in London, or more precisely a Travelodge bar near Waterloo Bridge where the conference attendees have gathered to get royally plastered. It's there that our unnamed narrator, the editor of a mid-range literary journal, encounters Solomon Wiese, a once-acclaimed poet now spurned by London's literary community. Wiese is the casualty of a publishing industry facing a crisis of originality. As our narrator explains, "belief in the established standards and practices of the industry had begun rapidly to wane," with literary agents and editors no longer willing "to vouch for their own judgements." This "fissure of doubt" leads to a series of terrible publishing choices, culminating in two of the larger firms releasing books that they claim to be new but are, in fact, reprints. With the public's faith "eroded to such a point… that even poetry becomes preferable to them," the publishing companies (specifically their PR departments) develop a programme, the "quantitative analysis and comparison system" or QACS, that makes "previous plagiarism detection services resemble child's play." This leads us back to Wiese. With poetry now a viable and even popular literary genre, his work – which borrows heavily from other poets – is deemed by QACS to be "unacceptably derivative." As such, he is "grey-listed" by the literary community. But that's only the beginning of Wiese's extraordinary story. Throughout the night and a good chunk of the following day, he recounts in meticulous detail how he rebuilt his career as a spoken word poet and how it again all came crashing down. It's an impossibly strange tale involving data pirates, reading sickness, fake accounts on social media, and the cultural wastelands of the English countryside.
Reminiscent of Thomas Bernhard and, more recently, the works of Lucy Ellman and Mike McCormack, Dead Souls is presented as a single, unbroken paragraph. The long and winding, multi-clause sentences that dominate the narrative give it an air of self-importance, reflective of the unnamed narrator's sardonic attitude to the conference, the attendees, and the industry they all – including the narrator – represent. There's this particularly mordant section where he discusses the distinction between altruism and performative activism when editors (such as he) publish political poetry by marginalised and oppressed poets:
Everywhere one looked there were advantaged idiots with nothing but the best intentions, in other words the appropriators of worthy causes, who whatever their aspirations always ended up controlling the agenda in the most clueless way imaginable, dominating the discussion and transforming it into a dialogue fit only for idiots and poseurs.
This acerbic take on the cultural elite – the pretension, the hypocrisy, the parochialism – extends to Wiese's outlandish tale. When he takes up residence in his hometown of Diss, where the only outlet for the hoi polloi is to gamble on buggy races "piloted remotely by buggy drivers from pods installed in their home," he does so in the belief that to revive his career, to make an "emphatic return" he needs to withdraw himself from the cultural influence of London. And Wiese does make that emphatic return, but only by gaming social media and cynically exploiting the work of rural poets whom the capital ignores. Emblematic of this is a very funny section involving the old poet on his deathbed, growing steadily weaker from the villagers' endless requests for poems ("they had quickly drained him of his powers"). It's humour, however, laced heavily with bitter tragedy as that very same poet remarks that by living in the "arse end of no-where," it's been more than a decade since his last poem was published.
Beyond Riviere's biting satire of the cultural gatekeepers who commodify and set strict rules on the correct forms of poetry (they appear in the novel almost like wizards from Harry Potter), Dead Souls is brilliantly inventive. Along the way, we meet an eccentric group of individuals, including literary terrorists, an inventor of a device that can make paper from household waste, and my personal favourite: the man with "scabs on his head." When blended with Riviere's critique of the literary genre he so clearly loves, we get a novel that can be laugh out loud funny, harsh and savage, but also sobering and thoughtful.
Ian Mond loves to talk about books. For eight years he co-hosted a book podcast, The Writer and the Critic, with Kirstyn McDermott. Recently he has revived his blog, The Hysterical Hamster, and is again posting mostly vulgar reviews on an eclectic range of literary and genre novels. You can also follow Ian on Twitter (@Mondyboy) or contact him at mondyboy74@gmail.com.
This review and more like it in the May 2021 issue of Locus.
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Hashke, F., et.al., Radioactivity in Austrian Milk after the Chernobyl Accident, N Eng J Med, February 12 1987; 316:409-410.
Lechner W, Huter O, Daxenbichler G, Marth C., Radioactivity in breast milk after Chernobyl, Lancet,1986 Jun 7;1(8493):1326.
Di Lallo D, Bertollini R, Perucci CA, Campos Venuti G, Risica S, Simula S., Radioactivity in breast milk in central Italy in the aftermath of Chernobyl, Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987 May;76(3):530-1.
Hale TW, Medication and Mother's Milk, Hale Publishing, 2010, p521.


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Q: Ubuntu 13.04 and Windows 8 Dual Boot GRUB options/problems I installed Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Windows 8 (which was factory installed).  I have the options to turn off both UEFI and Secure Boot.  The insall worked fine and I am able to use both operating systems, my problem is with trying to get into one or the other.  If I am in Ubuntu and restart, it brings me to the GRUB menu with the following options:

*

*Ubuntu

*Advanced options for Ubuntu

*Windows UEFI bootmgfw.efi

*Windows UEFI recovery bkpbootmgfw.efi

*Windows Boot UEFI recovery

*Windows UEFI recovery bootmgfw.efi

*Windows Boot UEFI recovery sda2

*Windows Boot Manager (UEFI on /dev/sda3)

*System setup

If I choose Ubuntu it works fine and Ubuntu loads.
When I want to boot into Windows, I have tried multiple options and all of them either load directly into the OS or they give me the Windows Boot Manager, with one option: Windows 8.1.
This is all fine, but if I am in Windows and then want to go back into Ubuntu, there is a problem.  I restart (or shut down) and when it starts back up it brings me directly to the ASCII Windows Boot Manager with the one option of Windows 8.1.  There is no way to get to GRUB from here, even after multiple reboots.  However I have found somewhat of a workaround: First I restart again and go into bios, change UEFI to Legacy and restart.  When it turns back on it says "Operating System Not Found!" so I restart it once again, go to the BIOS again and change it back from Legacy to UEFI.  Now when I restart it gives me the GRUB menu.  That is quite a process just to go from Windows to Ubuntu and I know there must be something wrong.  I've gone through the boot-repair process multiple times and changed the power settings in Windows for shutdown so that it doesn't create an image at shutdown.
Also, is there a way to change the GRUB menu to give me only the two options I want?  I don't need or want all 11 of them.  I've also seen other people have it set to boot to the windows 8 GUI for the boot options, but I can't seem to figure out how to bypass GRUB and get to that.  I've tried using EasyBCD and that didn't seem to do anything.  I understand there are quite a few problems with the whole process of dual booting these OS's so if this GUI thing doesn't work out I'll be ok.

A: Boot managers offer you different systems to boot. UEFI is a boot manager unless you have the 'buggy' UEFI one's where they hard code the UEFI to only boot Windows.
Grub is both a boot manager and a boot loader.
EasyBCD is a boot manager.
UEFI also uses NVRAM so it remembers previous entries. You probably have to manually houseclean old entries with efibootmgr.
Your entry with bkpbootmgfw.efi is the actual Windows efi file renamed by Boot-Repair for the buggy UEFI. It makes shim have the Windows efi filename so UEFI can boot grub. If you can boot the ubuntu entry in UEFI undo the rename. And undo rename before any Windows updates as it will overwrite file and Boot-Repairs backup may be older version on lead to issues.
Grub2's os-prober also found old BIOS type boot entries, that has been fixed with 13.10, but you may want to turn os-prober off so it does not add incorrect entries.
Remove Duplicate Firmware Objects in BCD and NVRAM
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc749510%28v=ws.10%29.aspx
UEFI NVRAM boot entries are cached in the BCD store
BCD has 1:1 mappings for some UEFI global variables
Any time {fwbootmgr} is manipulated, NVRAM is automatically updated
Some systems work better to register grub/shim from inside Windows - for those that keep resetting Windows as default
Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

https://coderwall.com/p/vfyqkg
sudo efibootmgr -v

The "-v" option displays all the entries so you can confirm you're deleting the right one, and then you use the combination of "-b ####" (to specify the entry) and "-B" (to delete it). Examples #5 is delete:
http://linux.dell.com/cgi-bin/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=efibootmgr.git;a=blob_plain;f=README;hb=HEAD
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/efi-shells-and-scripting/
In /etc/default/grub I added this:
sudo cp -a /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true

You can change back to false or remove entry if your grub gets updated to add correct entries. With your version, you have to use Boot-Repair or manually add correct entries to boot Windows.
If from UEFI you can boot ubuntu entry:
To undo & to rename files to their original names, you just need to tick the "Restore EFI backups" option of Boot-Repair.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/ Danny's Story
Meet Danny
Daniel suffered from depression and anxiety for a number of years prior to him starting Team Talk. He was visiting a family member in hospital when he got talking to someone else on the ward. The conversation led to them discussing the positive effects Team Talk had on the gentleman's life, who suggested that they attend the session together.
Although Daniel was a little anxious at the thought of attending Team Talk, he felt comfort in the fact that he had some support from someone who was already attending and the positive feedback he had provided Daniel during their discussion.
Daniel attended the first session, at which he pointed out the session was nothing like he expected. Staff were non-judgemental, he had a choice to whether he wanted to share his thoughts and feelings or not. He also found the atmosphere at the venue was relaxed, there were games to get involved in and also a room where he could talk to staff and the wider group as and when he wanted. Staff at the session were always reassuring to the blokes, outlining it was a safe place to talk.
Daniel has taken part in a number of activities and as a result of Team Talk Daniel has also joined a charity football team, where he plays football (something he loves) whilst at the same time raises money for charitable causes - the next match is to raise money for ex-service personnel.
Daniel outlined what a positive impact Team Talk has had on not only his own mental and physical health but has also helped him to give back to his community and other people who are going through a similar situation. He has recently undertaken Mental Health First Aid training through Derby County Community Trust and is now a peer mentor at the Team Talk sessions running across the city. In addition, he also supports the wider Trust providing volunteering hours as and when needed.
He also recognised that Tackle It, our adolescent male wellbeing group, could support his 17 year old son.
Daniel now feels much better about himself and life in general, he feels able to talk to others not about his own worries and concerns but also help them to find their way their own issues. He feels through his own life experiences, mental health issues and the mental health training he received has led to him being more confident to speak to others and support them through their individual journeys.
He admits he continues to have his own challenges in life but finds them easier to cope with every day, saying, "Team Talk has opened my world of possibilities and has helped me make friends."
You can find out more about our men's mental health project, Team Talk, below.
"Team Talk has opened my world of possibilities and has helped me make friends."


text:
\section{Introduction.}

In the pioneering work by Bondi et al.\cite{viii} and Sachs \cite{vii} on the
asymptotic behaviour of the gravitational field of an isolated body, the
following metric was used

\begin{equation}
ds^2=\frac{Ve^{2\beta }}{\widetilde{r}}du^2+2e^{2\beta }dud\widetilde{r}-%
\widetilde{r}^2h_{ij}(dx^i-U^idu)(dx^j-U^jdu),  \label{bondisachs}
\end{equation}

\begin{eqnarray}
h_{ij} &=&\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
e^{2\gamma }\cosh 2\delta  & \sinh 2\delta \sin \theta  \\
\sinh 2\delta \sin \theta  & e^{-2\gamma }\cosh 2\delta \sin ^2\theta
\end{array}
\right) ,  \label{angdown} \\
h^{ij} &=&\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
e^{-2\gamma }\cosh 2\delta  & -\sinh 2\delta \csc \theta  \\
-\sinh 2\delta \csc \theta  & e^{2\gamma }\cosh 2\delta \csc ^2\theta
\end{array}
\right). \label{angup}
\end{eqnarray}
A nice property of this metric is that the field equations form a hierarchy
(4 hypersurface equations, 2 standard equations, 1 trivial equation,  and  3
supplementary conditions). So if the
the initial values of the functions $\gamma$ and $\delta$ are given on a null
hypersurface, then it is possible to solve the hypersurface equations so that the values of
the remaining functions ($\beta ,V,$ $U^i$) on that hypersurface can be
obtained. Then, using the evolution equations we can obtain their values for previous
retarded times. The asymptotic study of Bondi et al. and
Sachs used the following \emph{Ansatz }for $\gamma $ and $\delta $:

\begin{eqnarray}
\gamma  &=&cr^{-1}+\gamma _3r^{-3}+... , \\
\delta  &=&dr^{-1}+\delta _3r^{-3}+... .
\end{eqnarray}
The important fact to realize here is the absence of the $r^{-2}$ term in
both expansions. When solving the hypersurface equations, two integrations
with respect to $r$ will be carried out; hence if the $r^{-2}$ term is present,
then terms of the form $r^{-i}\ln r$  will arise in the functions $V$ and
$U^i$ (see \cite{xiv} for an example). This
Ansatz was known by the misleading name of the \emph{Outgoing Radiation
Condition of the gravitational field }(ORC), in analogy
to the Sommerfeld condition for the electromagnetic field.

Now, the ORC does not rule out
the existence of incoming gravitational radiation travelling infinitely long
distances (i.e. radiation coming from null infinity). In order to do so, a
condition on the news function at past null infinity should be imposed \cite{leipold}.
The presence of incoming radiation of finite duration is not a problem, as it may
describe the phenomena of gravitational wave scattering and gravitational wave tails
\cite{tails}, \cite{torrence}, \cite{bonnor} that die off suitably in a
neighborhood of $\mathfrak I$.

If we keep the $r^{-2}$ terms in our expansions, then we enter into the realm of
the \emph{polyhomogeneous spacetimes}; spacetimes that can be expanded
asymptotically in a combination of powers of $1/r$ and $\ln r$. Some study
on these spacetimes has been done \cite{xiv}, \cite{chrusciel2}, \cite
{javk98a}.

Another framework for the treatment of the gravitational radiation is
the Newman-Penrose formalism \cite{n-p62}. In the NP framework we find that the  field
equations are naturally adapted for the study of the characteristic initial
value problem. The equations also form a (more lengthy) hierarchy of first
order differential equations. In this
case the initial data that has to be prescribed on the initial hypersurface is
contained in the $\Psi _0$ of the Weyl tensor. The crucial assumption in the
NP framework is that the components of the Weyl tensor fall off in the way
prescribed by the Peeling Theorem:

\begin{equation}
\Psi _k=O(r^{k-5}),
\end{equation}
and in particular the data on the initial hypersurface ($\Psi_0$) should decay
as $O(r^{-5})$ \cite{penrose}, \cite{n-p62}.
The objective of this note is to find the connection between the Bondi-Sachs
quantities (the coefficients in $\gamma$ and $\delta$) and the Newman-Penrose ones
(the coefficients in $\Psi_0$); with these tools in hand it will be
shown that the if the Outgoing Radiation Condition is not satisfied then the
Peeling theorem does not hold.

\section{The coordinates.}

\subsection{The Bondi coordinates.}

The coordinate $u$ in the line element of equation (\ref{bondisachs}) is a
retarded time that parametrizes outgoing null hypersurfaces. The angular
coordinates $\theta$ and $\varphi$ are constructed in such
a way that they remain constant along the generators of the null
hypersurfaces, and $\widetilde{r}$  is a \emph{luminosity
parameter} that satisfies
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{r}^4\sin ^2\theta =\det h_{ij}=(\det
h^{ij})^{-1}=g_{22}g_{33}-(g_{23})^2.  \label{detbondi}
\end{equation}

\subsection{The NP coordinates.}

The coordinates used in the NP treatment can be constructed in a
similar way. The key difference lies in the choice of the radial coordinate.
Newman and Penrose use as radial coordinate the  affine parameter $r$ of the
generators of the null hypersurfaces $u=const$. There is some freedom left in the

choice of this coordinate. The change

\begin{equation}
r^{\prime }=ar+b.
\end{equation}
can always be performed. The scaling of the affine parameter is chosen such
that the contravariant metric tensor has the form

\begin{equation}
g_{NP}^{ij}=\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
1 & 2Q & C^\theta & C^\varphi \\
0 & C^\theta & -2 \xi^\theta \overline{\xi}^\theta & -\xi^\theta \overline{\xi}^
\varphi - \overline{\xi}^\theta \xi^\varphi \\
0 & C^\varphi & -\xi^\theta \overline{\xi}^
\varphi - \overline{\xi}^\theta \xi^\varphi & -2 \xi^\varphi
\overline{\xi}^\varphi
\end{array}
\right) ,
\end{equation}
while the freedom in the choice of the origin is generally used to eliminate
an arbitrary function of integration that appears in the expansion of the
spin coefficient $\rho$. The real functions $Q$, $C^{\theta}$,
$C^{\varphi}$ and the complex functions $\xi^{\theta}$ and $\xi^{\varphi}$
depend on all four coordinates. We notice that in the BS treatment there are 6
metric functions whilst in the NP framework there are 7. This difference can
be traced back to the choice of the luminosity parameter in the Bondi metric which fixes
the form of the determinant of the angular part of the metric. The choice of
the radial coordinate as an affine parameter is necessary in the NP formalism.
If we were to use a luminosity parameter instead, then the field equations would not
give rise to an easy to handle hierarchy. One would have to solve all the NP field equations at once!

\subsection{ The relation between Bondi's luminosity parameter and NP affine
parameter.}

As seen before, the BS coordinates and the NP coordinate differ essentially
in the construction of the radial coordinate. The connection between the two
coordinates can be found easily by equating the determinants of the
``angular part'' of the metrics. On one hand one has

\begin{equation}
\det h_{BS}^{ij}=\frac 1{\widetilde{r}^4\sin ^2\theta },
\end{equation}
by definition. On the other hand, the determinant of the ``angular part'' of
the NP metric is given by

\begin{equation}
\det h_{NP}^{ij}=-\left( \xi ^\theta \overline{\xi }^\varphi -\xi ^\varphi
\overline{\xi }^\theta \right) ^2.  \label{detnp}
\end{equation}
Imposing equality of the two determinants one obtains:

\begin{equation}
\widetilde{r}^2=\frac{-i\csc \theta }{\left( \xi ^\theta \overline{\xi }%
^\varphi -\xi ^\varphi \overline{\xi }^\theta \right) },
\label{affine-luminosity}
\end{equation}
where the right hand side is a function of the NP coordinates $(u,r,\theta
,\varphi )$. The minus sign is set in order to have $\widetilde{r}^2\geq 0$.

\section{The relation between the ORC and the Peeling Theorem.}

Although the Einstein field equations are consistent with spacetimes that
fall off as
\begin{equation}
\Psi _0=O(r^{-3}\ln ^{N_3}r)
\end{equation}
\cite{javk98a}, for our  purposes  it is sufficient to consider a spacetime
such that

\begin{equation}
\Psi _0=\Psi _0^{4,0}r^{-4}+O(r^{-5}\ln ^{N_5}).
\end{equation}
Then using the techniques of reference \cite{javk98a} we see that
\begin{equation}
\sigma =\sigma _{2,0}r^{-2}-\Psi _0^{4,0}r^{-3}+O(r^{-4}\ln ^{N_5}r),
\end{equation}

and
\begin{equation}
\rho =r^{-1}-\sigma _{2,0}\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}r^{-3}+\frac 12\left(
\sigma _{2,0}\overline{\Psi }_0^{4,0}+\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}\Psi
_0^{4,0}\right) r^{-4}+O(r^{-5}\ln ^{N_5}r).
\end{equation}

Whence using the commutator equations one finds

\begin{equation}
\xi ^i=\xi _0^ir^{-1}-\overline{\xi }_0^i\sigma _{2,0}r^{-2}+\left( \xi
_0^i\sigma _{2,0}\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}+\frac 12\Psi _0^{4,0}\overline{\xi
}_0^i\right) r^{-3}+O(r^{-4}\ln ^Nr),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\xi _0^\theta =\frac 1{\sqrt{2}},
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\xi _0^\varphi =\frac{-i}{\sqrt{2}}\csc \theta,
\end{equation}
if the cuts of $\mathfrak{I\ }$ are chosen to be $S^2$ metrically.

The substitution of these expansions into equation (\ref{affine-luminosity})
yields the transformation linking the NP affine parameter and the BS
luminosity parameter.

\begin{equation}
\widetilde{r}=r-\frac 12\sigma _{2,0}\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}r^{-1}+\frac
16\left( \sigma _{2,0}\overline{\Psi }_0^{4,0}+\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}\Psi
_0^{4,0}\right) r^{-2}+...,
\end{equation}
so that the metric functions $\gamma$ and $\delta$ can be written in terms of
the NP quantities as:

\begin{equation}
\gamma =\frac 12(\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}+\sigma _{2,0})\widetilde{r}%
^{-1}-\left( \overline{\Psi }_0^{4,0}+\Psi _0^{4,0}\right) \widetilde{r}%
^{-2}+...,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\delta =\frac i2(\overline{\sigma }_{2,0}-\sigma _{2,0})\widetilde{r}%
^{-1}-i\left( \overline{\Psi }_0^{4,0}-\Psi _0^{4,0}\right) \widetilde{r}%
^{-2}+....
\end{equation}
We see that the term that breaks the peeling behaviour ($\Psi _0^{4,0}$)
gives rise to the coefficients forbidden by the outgoing radiation
condition. A similar study can be carried out for more general polyhomogeneous
space-times giving as a result that the coefficients $\Psi _0^{3,k}$ are
related to logarithmic terms in the $1/r$ terms of $\gamma $ and $\delta $,
etc. In principle these expansions can be performed up to any desired order.

\section{Conclusions.}

As we have seen, the Outgoing Radiation Condition and the $\Psi_0 = O(r^{-5})$
condition of Penrose are closely related. If the ORC is not satisfied then
Penrose's condition will not be satisfied. However, the two conditions are not
completely equivalent. Penrose's condition is stronger. For example, if we
consider a polyhomogeneous spacetime such that

\begin{equation}
\gamma = cr^{-1} + \gamma_{3}r^{-3} + \gamma_{31}r^{-3}\ln r +... ,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\delta = dr^{-1} + \delta_{3}r^{-3} + \delta_{31}r^{-3}\ln r +... .
\end{equation}

\noindent then clearly, the ORC will be satisfied, but the leading behaviour of $\Psi_0$
will go as $O(r^{-5}\ln r)$. The null infinity for this spacetime will not be
smooth, as the conformally rescaled $\Psi_0$ will blow up there.

\section*{Acknowledgments.}

I would like to thank my supervisor  Prof. M A H MacCallum for a lot of
discussions and encouragement. Also to Dr. M Mars for related discussions.
The author has a grant (110441/110491 ) from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia
 y Tecnolog\'{\i}a (CONACYT), Mexico.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


This article was published in TCA, The Canadian Amateur, Canada's Amateur Radio Magazine, November/December 2013 edition. Copyright Vince d'Eon 2013. This article may not be reproduced without the author's permission. If you like this article then check out part one and part three.
As you read here and in the September-October 2013 issue of TCA, we had our hands full assisting the Town of High River, Alberta from June 20-22 2013 along with several other flood-affected communities in Southern Alberta.
The Alberta Provincial ARES leadership team were in Calgary on July 27 2013 for a debrief meeting on the incident and develop ideas for our next callout. You can read a bit about that meeting. What follows is output from that meeting including a combination of things we did well, things requiring improvement, and the technologies we used to facilitate communications under extreme circumstances. While I hope you found the last article interesting, I trust you will find this article helpful for your teams when you get the call to help.
It is said that Luck is what happens when Preparation meets Opportunity. In that case we were very lucky as we had a wide variety of knowledge and preparation among the members of the team. Here is a list of what we did well that made our job easier.
We all stayed flexible. The teachings of ICS style management is that the radio communications function resides within the Logistics function. The reality is that the Emcomm operator more often than not interacts directly with the Incident Commander and needs to be highly flexible and adaptable to whatever the rapidly changing requirements are that moment. For example one moment I was passing traffic and the next I was helping the Town of High River assess a donation of 100 VHF handheld radios and repeater for the Town's use.
We leveraged known networks. As our span of communications was most of the Province, we used the SARA (Southern Alberta Repeater Association) as our main Provincial backbone. The Net Control position was located in Red Deer, halfway between Edmonton and Calgary, and the lead in that position had solid knowledge on how to operate and configure the network for optimal use.
We had backup. We set up HF nets on both 40 and 80m in the event that the SARA network failed, and this allowed us to have operators that were geographically away from the affected areas thus not hampered by power or internet failures.
This brings me to another point – plan on failure of your conventional networks, i.e. Internet and Telephone and know your pre-tested backup plans. In times like we experienced, the dominant cellular and landline provider's network collapsed, and in neighboring towns cellular was so overloaded that even SMS would not get through. When all else fails, RF gets through was never more true than during this event.
We had documented resources. Thanks to a solid ARES resource manual compiled by Curtis Bidulock VE6AEW, when we had to adapt to a new approach we had the resource guide to assist us. This was important for the Provincial communications and planning to bring on other communities such as Medicine Hat.
We worked multiple frequencies to segregate traffic. We kept a Provincial frequency open to traffic only needed between municipalities. The locally affected areas ran their own nets with coordination to neighboring zones/nets. If I needed to request extra help in High River, I switched my VFO to the Calgary frequency and made a call. Ham Radio was the only mode of communications I had to rely upon in High River for the first 36 hours, and it was important we communicate between affected zones.
That brings me to my next point, when the going gets tough everyone co-operated. There was no ego or pride from one group towards another. Egos were checked at the door and club politics were forgotten.
We kept tabs on our team. Health and Welfare checks were performed regularly, some would refer to this as a Roll Call. This ensured we knew who we had deployed where and that they were still active (or awake on the overnight shifts) and well.
I deployed two operators to critical locations such as the Hospitals, regional Emergency Operations Centres, etc. This ensured that there was always 100% coverage at all times and allowed the operators in those positions to be able to take breaks away from the stressful environment they were in. In cases where we had less experienced Emcomm operators, we paired them with more experienced Emcomm operators to provide training and increase the experience base among team members. There is always an opportunity to grow a team member's skill!
I divided the Net Control and staffing logistical functions away from the High River EOC. In any other callout I've done the EOC handles all traffic and scheduling of resources for shift coverage. For this event I split it away so that I could focus on the sheer amount of information we needed to handle. Our net control for the High River area was located some 25 km away on a stable power grid and with line of sight propagation to my location at the EOC; we could have worked simplex if repeaters failed. I will follow this approach again.
Lastly, we followed a consistent use of tactical call signs that made sense to all operators on the Provincial net. This reduced confusion over which EOC we were speaking about (there were 4 on the air on various frequencies) and ensured traffic was passed efficiently and error-free.
One thing that most people will agree upon is that our disasters are getting worse and more frequent. With that in mind we know we will be called upon again, and we will be better ready to go thanks to these planned improvements.
One challenge that we have in the Province today is that the SARA backbone does not have connections to all of the areas that we supported. One idea we are looking into is a portable, frequency-agile linkable repeater, one that can be rapidly deployed and that is pre-programmed with the standard repeater matrix plus the allocated Provincial response frequencies.
While HF Nets were a good backup to the VHF/UHF systems, the current frequencies in the ARES list are not suitable for local communications in Canada as they often lie in the phone portion of the US Band plan. While this approach has merit when communications are necessary to the USA, it is a problem especially as Field Day was in full swing during our callout. The recommendation is to consider more or different ARES HF frequencies, a matter for RAC Field Services.
At the EOC level, we learned that a whiteboard is an essential resource to track things, as are the availability of markers and an eraser. Suffice it to say that markers and an eraser are going in my Go-Kit. Oh, as well as a clock that shows local 24 hour time – even though the EOC had one, it was helpful to know what time it was for logging information at the Radio Desk without trying to look halfway across the EOC at a clock. A smart phone doesn't cut it for this duty as you are likely using it for more than one purpose anyway.
One item (of many) we are looking into is dedicated equipment at our EOC in High River. As the military would say "two is one, one is none" when referring to redundant and critical systems. It will be essential that these radios are multi-band, the same model as each other, and come equipped not only with headphones but also an external speaker on an A/B style switch as well as a dedicated power supply per radio. The A/B switch makes it quick and easy to go between headphones and external speaker. For us sharing a room with others, keeping noise down was a priority and headphones were needed, but still there were times when a few of us had to listen in concurrently.
We learned that in a very busy EOC the Radio Operators are so inundated with requests in the first 24 hours from the served agency that recollection of events can suffer. For example was I just asked to provide one or two operators to the evacuation centre an hour ago? It could prove helpful to have our own team's scribe to capture events on paper when they are happening, and this also assists to making After Action Report writing much easier.
We used a variety of technologies to support the affected areas.
Telephone – while one of the landline and cellular provider's service was offline, the other provider's was up and operating in High River. However the same couldn't be said for other areas. Our learning from this is that it's helpful to not only know what deployed resources' cell phone numbers are but also what network they are on.
HF, VHF and UHF – we used them all. The SARA network is VHF with RF point to point links as well as internet. The entry points to the network are RF and internet. In the event that this network should have failed, we would have used our 40m and 80m phone operators already in place. We utilized the parts of the amateur radio spectrum that best suited our needs for each part of the territory we were working in.
Analogue and Digital modes were used. HF used SSB, VHF and UHF used both FM and D-STAR via the XRF021B reflector in Toronto. Thanks to the FREE STAR reflector owner that dedicated a module for our use. Medicine Hat EOC connected in via a computer equipped with a dongle at one point.
In the High River area, we were heavily reliant upon the fully-linked 2m network provided by the Foothills Amateur Radio Society for our coverage. Our active area for the callout was about 1,200 km2 of mostly flat terrain. We used 2m for simplex in-town and 70cm for EOC area coverage as we were all runners as well as operators.
The Alberta ARES team wanted to share this with you so that our best practices can be adopted and adapted to your needs and circumstances. And, we'd like to hear from you about your team's best practices. Send an email to the author (VE6LK at RAC dot CA) with your team's comments.


text:
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Collection Research with Kate Forsyth and Belinda Murrell
Listen to the audio
Recording date:
'Just one scribbled note from Marcie Muir led us to this amazing discovery … If we hadn't had that serendipitous moment where Belinda [Murrell] was discovering in one book that Charlotte [Waring Atkinson] had written more than one published work, and then I almost simultaneously found this note, we would never have put the two things together and made that amazing discovery … It was a series of astonishing, serendipitous findings that led us to many of our most exciting insights.' - Kate Forsyth.
Join bestselling authors Kate Forsyth and Belinda Murrell for the second installment of their pre-recorded, two-part author talk – a discussion about researching and finding collection material at the National Library, as they had to do when writing their new book, 'Searching for Charlotte'.
Researching Collection Material with Kate Forsyth and Belinda Murrell
*Speakers: Kate Forysth (K), Belinda Murrell (B)
*Location: National Library of Australia
*Date: 30 October, 2020
K: Good morning, I'm Kate Forsyth and I am an author.
B: Hi, my name's Belinda Murrell and I'm an author too but I'm also Kate's sister.
K: We are the authors of a book together which is called Searching for Charlotte.
B: Searching for Charlotte, so excited about it.
K: It's a fascinating story of Australia's first children's author and Charlotte Waring-Atkinson was actually our great-great-great-great-grandmother.
B: So we're so excited to be here today in the National Library with this amazing collection 'cause we spent months researching this book and a lot of our time was spent obviously researching Charlotte's life with some of these amazing things and so we're so thrilled to be here in front of a first edition of a book written by our great-great-great-great-grandmother which was published in 1841 but also a first edition of a book written by our great-great-great-great-grandfather, James Atkinson, which was published in 1826 and here they are, it's so special.
K: It is, it's such a lovely experience for us to be here. The story of how the National Library came to have this wonderful collection of our ancestors' writings is one of the saddest and most poignant stories ever so James Atkinson and his wife, Charlotte Waring-Atkinson had four children and their youngest daughter, Louisa, is actually Australia's first native-born novelist, journalist and botanist. When she was a young woman she had a little girl, a baby whose name was Louise and one day she was looking after her child and her husband, his horse came galloping into the yard of their house riderless and Louisa Atkinson was so overcome with terror at what might have happened to her husband that she had a heart attack and she actually dropped dead. So when her husband came limping into the yard he found her lying dead next to the cradle of their newborn baby.
B: It was such a sad story and one of the things we found when we were researching this story is there were so many moments of absolute triumph and joy but there were also so many incidents, it was so tragic and so sad. I found myself weeping often while we were researching this book. But Louise played a very important part in this story because when she was 15 years old she was an orphan, her mother had died when she was a tiny baby, her father died not long after and she was raised by relatives and she had a really unhappy childhood. Then when she was 15 years old her aunt – everybody in the family had died and her aunt decided to sell the grand huge house of Oldbury and burn everything so she was making this massive bonfire but she said to Louise, you can come and take away what you can carry. That little 15-year-old girl had to walk over fields and over hills and down dales to the house and she could gather up off that bonfire anything that she could carry home.
So everything that we have now in the National Library and then in the Mitchell Library, the State Library in Sydney is what that little girl, Louise, carried, walked 5km, gathered off that bonfire, everything she could carry and then she had to walk home 5km, carrying all the precious, amazing things so that we have them now. I bless that little girl, I think she was just so amazing but then I also want to weep for that bonfire of all the treasures that were actually burnt in that massive bonfire so long ago. So yes, it is a sad and a poignant story but how lucky we are to have these amazing things that Louise saved from that bonfire.
K: We could never have written our book if we hadn't had access to this wonderful collection so we have here at the National Library, as well as the first editions of James Atkinson and Charlotte Waring-Atkinson's books, which was the first children's book published in Australia, we also have such lovely things as the little Bible that Louise Snowden was given on her christening and when she was married she carried that Bible in her bouquet at her wedding. Such a beautiful little touch. We have newspaper articles, there are drawings, photographs, sketch books, all sorts of ephemera.
B: Absolutely, boxes. Kate and I came down to the National Library and we must have had 40 boxes that were jam-packed full of tiny little documents, handwritten letters. Some of them are so incredibly difficult to decipher. My personal favourite in the collection is Charlotte's shipward journal that she wrote in 1826 when she was coming out to Australia when she sat there every day in the Cutty writing in her journal about things that happened on board and it gives us a real insight into her personality, she was fun-loving, she loved a laugh, she was so determined and she just saw the whole thing as a great adventure.
But the very special thing about this book is it actually records the romance between her and her husband, James Atkinson. So she came on board the ship at Grave's End and Kate and I went during our research to Grave's End and we walked the cobblestones where they walked and she came on board the ship and then she met James Atkinson. He tipped his hat to her as she came up the gangplank and we've been told that story as part of our family mythology ever since we were little tiny girls.
The other story that I absolutely loved that we were told as girls that as part of their courtship ritual James Atkinson, when she was cold he would wrap Charlotte in his plaid cloak. I was so thrilled that when I transcribed this journal in 2012 and I found the very first reference to the plaid cloak, that this wasn't just family mythology, it wasn't something that someone had made up, it was actually based in fact. There was this first reference, twice in the journal she refers to James wrapping her in his plaid cloak and she was sitting on the poop deck and she was cold and she was sitting there watching the scenery wrapped in his cloak only a couple of days after she'd met him. Then later on there was this terrifying storm at sea and Charlotte nearly drowned and she got smashed by a wave and she had all those big heavy petticoats and she was under the water and she couldn't get up and she was drowning and James scooped in, picked her up, saved her life and then wrapped her in his plaid cloak. It's this absolutely beautiful romantic story and the next day he proposed to her so it was love at first sight and he -
K: That's what we were always told when we were kids, it was love at first sight.
B: He was the love of her life and this story is just beautifully preserved in this journal that just took months to transcribe. So this is my favourite thing in the collection. But it led us to another amazing story, this story of the plaid cloak which we first heard as oral history then this was confirmed by transcribing the journal. Then what happened was when we were at the Mitchell Library we were going through a whole lot of archives there and we found this sketch book that had been misattributed to Charlotte's son, James John, and as we're turning the pages we're thinking this is not the work of a teenage boy, this is Charlotte's work so that was an amazing discovery. But then I turned the page and there's this beautiful self portrait of this beautiful woman wrapped in a plaid cloak and we're in the Mitchell Library, everyone's quiet and I scream out, I go oh my god, she's wearing a plaid cloak and everyone looks at me, glares at me as if ready to throw me out. Of course this was the first discovery of this beautiful self portrait of Charlotte as a young woman glowing with love and happiness and roses and wrapped in plaid cloak.
K: When we started this journey, when we decided that we were going to write a book inspired by the life of Charlotte Waring-Atkinson, our ancestor who wrote the first children's book published in Australia, we were not sure if there were any discoveries left to be made. Both James Atkinson, Charlotte Waring-Atkinson and their daughter, Louisa Atkinson, have had books and papers and articles written about them, so much research done into their lives and so that the very first act of research that we did together, there was this incredible discovery. It gave us great hope and fortitude to know that our journey was actually going to be one of true discovery.
B: There were so many other amazing things we discovered on the journey along the way, just so many tiny little details about her life that we didn't know, big things, little things. But one of my other favourite discoveries here was this particular book here which is The Reverend Woolls' and it was his sermon that he gave when Louisa, Charlotte's fourth child, her daughter died and he talked about her life and there's a few really interesting details in here. He talked about the fact that Charlotte had written several books and this was the first clue we had that it wasn't just a mother's offering to her children that Charlotte had written, that she had written other works as well and then we found other clues as well, didn't we?
K: That's exactly right so we were here in the Special Collections Room at the National Library and Belinda and I are working through the many, many, many boxes of archival material and then Belinda's reading this particular book and she turns to me and says isn't this fascinating? This sermon says that Charlotte Waring-Atkinson was the author of more than one book and we thought I wonder what else she could have written. Then I was going through the Marcie Muir archival box. Marcie Muir was Charlotte Waring-Atkinson's biographer and I found a hand scribbled note that simply said P and P Tales, question mark and I thought I wonder if Marcie Muir was wondering if this was a book authored by Charlotte.
So I began to research and over time I discovered that there's a book here in the Special Collections called Peter Prattles, Amusing and Instructive Tales and it contains a short story which is the first time a story was ever set in Australia, in literary history of the world. The first story ever to be set in Australia was published in this little illustrated chat book called Peter Prattles, Amusing and Instructive Tales. So of course I pulled up the book and then I examined it and through a process of let's call it linguistic forensics I came to the conclusion that Marcie Muir was right, that book had been written by Charlotte Waring-Atkinson which means that she's not only the author of Australia's first children's book but she's the author of the first piece of fiction set in this country and that was the most amazing discovery.
B: It was, quite incredible. I found another reference to her having written several works so with everything we have to substantiate it by having three pieces of evidence and so we had the Reverend Woolls, we had the other reference to it from a 19th century biography of Louisa's life and then we had the Marcie Muir note so that was so exciting.
K: We feel that we are so lucky because so much of our research, we were able to draw upon our oral history, the stories that we were told by our grandparents and our mother as we were growing up. As a child we were completely enchanted by these stories, the romance and the drama and the intrigue of Charlotte's amazing life but as we grew to be adults we began to doubt the veracity of these oral stories, we thought -
B: They seemed too amazing to be true, didn't they? We thought oh she must have been far more ordinary than that.
K: That's right, we thought oh of course they've been romanticised, of course they've been glamourised and so when we set out on our journey when we were searching for the truth of Charlotte's life story we were expecting to find our childhood family mythology being debunked -
B: Demolished, in fact.
K: Exactly but what we found is that many of the stories that we were told as children, this oral history turned out to be true. That was I think one of the most amazing discoveries of all because it shows how stories that are passed down through the generations, they carry within them a kernel of truth and by listening to the stories of our forebears and of our parents and our grandparents we actually do receive truths about our ancestors and about how our families were shaped.
B: I think so but I think we were incredibly lucky because our family were writers so they all wrote and so it wasn't just Charlotte that wrote stories about her life and wrote her journal and her children, both her daughters, the elder daughter, Charlotte, and also Louisa, who was the first Australian-born female novelist and journalist, I mean they both wrote articles for newspapers, they both wrote articles, stories, handwritten family histories -
K: Letters, journals.
B: Letters, journals and so we had these incredibly rich primary sources that we could use which just brought those characters to life, those people to life. Also the other thing that was amazing was the Trove, gosh, Trove newspapers. I mean I just can't believe we've got all these digital newspapers going right back to the very early days of the colony and we could go through and we could see – they were all prolific letter-writers so James Atkinson was always writing to the newspapers. Not only that, there was advertisements that talked about how sad it was when they threw Charlotte out of Oldbury and they put the house up for let and it had a listing of how many sheep they had and how many cows they had and how many rooms they were in and it was this incredible list that gave a real insight into their lives.
Later on when Charlotte was selling another property it gave us these really interesting details into what she was doing at that time, when she was running a school, all of these discoveries we could make through the newspapers which were just – I mean I got lost down those rabbit holes for weeks and weeks and weeks following these little tiny leads which sometimes led nowhere but other times led to these incredible discoveries.
K: We had a rule. We had a number of rules when we were writing this book but one of our rules was to remember – everything was fascinating to us because we were making these discoveries about our own family but our rule was it might be interesting but is it relevant? So we had to choose what to keep in the book and what was probably not of interest to anyone outside the family. So that really helped us because at some points in the writing of this book we were so overwhelmed by the difficulty of the research and how much material there was and how difficult it was to read the faded handwriting written with a quill and ink, how difficult it was to know if the things that we found had significance or not. I mean just one scribbled note from Marcie Muir led us to this amazing discovery but if we hadn't had that serendipitous moment where Belinda was discovering in one book that Charlotte had written more than one published work and then I almost simultaneously found this note -
B: Yeah, it was almost simultaneously.
K: - we would never have put the two things together and made that amazing discovery. So it was a series of astonishing serendipitous findings that led us to many of our most exciting insights.
B: It was and one of the things I loved discovering in the National Library archives was there was these beautiful letters and little handwritten family histories that were written by very many different members from our side of the family. So when Louisa's daughter, Louise, and Janet Koch collected an amazing history but she was very much focused on her famous grandmother, Louisa Atkinson, whereas our side of the family were more interested about Charlotte Elizabeth Atkinson, the eldest daughter and so for us it was amazing finding these sort of records in the National Library that had been carefully collated and put aside in boxes. The fact that they all cared so much about this that they wanted to write it down and record it and I mean some of them were rather outlandish, some of their ideas of the family history.
K: Some were a little bit romanticised.
B: A little bit romanticised but it was still fascinating nonetheless and I learned to sort through the wheat from the chaff really and just double-check everything and make sure, find out what actually was real and what was true and then enjoy the romanticised, exaggerated parts of the story.
K: A very good thing that Belinda and I get on so well because we spent so much time together rummaging around in these archival boxes getting very tired and -
B: Dirty. No, they're beautifully kept.
K: So because we were able to work together I think that we were able to make some of these discoveries while perhaps without – the fact that we are sisters, we wouldn't have made quite so many.
B: No, possibly not and also I think our backgrounds were really helpful because we both worked as journalists so we're very used to research, we're very used to keeping very detailed research notes but we've also both written a lot of historical fiction so we've both written many historical novels which meant we could combine that meticulous notetaking and meticulous research together with the creative imagination of bringing that world to life, bringing Charlotte's world to life, bringing that whole 19th century colonial society to life. So we're very lucky, it's almost an incredibly unlikely pairing of authors where we were not only sisters but we also had these very similar literary skills.
K: Absolutely and we were able to work on different parts of the book, know what we were searching for and then be able to write our own chapters so we weren't trespassing on each other's area of expertise.
B: No, absolutely. So sometimes that's probably what we might have disagreed about the most, was what parts of the book - we were both fascinated with everything.
K: That's right. So after Louise Snowden walked all the way back to her home carrying her armfuls full of these treasures she held onto them all of her life and in time she grew up and married and had a daughter of her own, Janet Koch and Janet Koch inherited this incredible archive of materials of her grandmother, Charlotte Waring-Atkinson. In time she felt very strongly that they should be saved for the future, that Charlotte Waring-Atkinson's incredible achievements in her life, struggling through grief and loss and violence and this struggle to live an independent life, to write Australia's first published children's book, this is something that should be celebrated and should be studied for the future. So Janet Koch gave her collection to the National Library and that is why we have it here with us today. It was a great gift.
B: Absolutely, so precious. I hope you love reading our Searching for Charlotte.
K: The fascinating story of Australia's first children's author.
End of recording
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Monday's Broadcast Ratings: "The Disney Holiday Singalong" Sparks ABC Victory
By The Futon Critic Staff (TFC)
Primetime Preliminary Fast National Nielsen Data
(includes all DVR playback through 3:00 am)
Here are the highlights of the 14 ad-sustained programs that aired in primetime on the broadcast networks last night (11/30/20):
[EDITOR'S NOTE: ABC and CBS are inflated due to local market NFL preemptions.]
ABC (4.958 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 0.9, #1) got a boost on Monday thanks to its special lineup of "The Disney Holiday Singalong" (5.728 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 1.2, #1), "CMA Country Christmas" (4.727 million viewers, #6; adults 18-49: 0.8, #4) and the fall finale of "The Good Doctor" (4.419 million viewers, #7; adults 18-49: 0.7, #5).
NBC (5.757 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 0.8, #2) was a close second with its duo of "The Voice" (6.993 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T2) and "Weakest Link" (3.287 million viewers, #9; adults 18-49: 0.6, #T6).
Next up was CBS (4.811 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 0.6, #3) with week two of "The Neighborhood" (5.954 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T2), "Bob (Hearts) Abishola" (4.977 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.6, #T6), "All Rise" (4.155 million viewers, #8; adults 18-49: 0.5, #T8) and "Bull" (4.812 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 0.5, #T8).
Meanwhile, FOX (1.378 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.3, #4) offered up "LA's Finest" (1.520 million viewers, #10; adults 18-49: 0.3, #T10) and the finale to "Filthy Rich" (1.237 million viewers, #11; adults 18-49: 0.3, #T10).
And finally, The CW (0.749 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 0.1, #5) closed out the night with repeats of "Whose Line Is It Anyway?" (0.866 million viewers, #12; adults 18-49: 0.2, #12), another "Whose Line Is It Anyway?" (0.856 million viewers, #13; adults 18-49: 0.1, #T13) and "Penn & Teller: Fool Us" (0.638 million viewers, #14; adults 18-49: 0.1, #T13).
Week-to-week changes (adults 18-49):
+20.00% - Weakest Link
+16.67% - The Good Doctor
+12.50% - The Neighborhood
0.00% - The Voice
0.00% - Bob (Hearts) Abishola
0.00% - Bull
0.00% - All Rise
0.00% - LA's Finest
0.00% - Filthy Rich
Year-to-year changes (adults 18-49):
+71.43% - The Disney Holiday Singalong (vs. The Great Christmas Light Fight)
+20.00% - Weakest Link (vs. Making It)
+14.29% - CMA Country Christmas (vs. The Great Christmas Light Fight)
-16.67% - Bull (vs. Bull (Repeat))
-18.18% - The Voice
-22.22% - The Good Doctor
-28.57% - All Rise (vs. All Rise (Repeat))
-40.00% - The Neighborhood (vs. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (Repeat))
-57.14% - Filthy Rich (vs. Prodigal Son)
-60.00% - Bob (Hearts) Abishola (vs. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (Repeat))
-78.57% - LA's Finest (vs. 9-1-1)
Here are the highlights of the 12 ad-sustained programs that aired in primetime on the broadcast networks one year ago (12/2/19):
[EDITOR'S NOTE: Some local NFL coverage is currently reflected in CBS fast-affiliate averages.]
FOX (5.081 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 1.1, #1) was the demo champ on Monday thanks to the fall finales of "9-1-1" (6.742 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 1.4, #2) and "Prodigal Son" (3.420 million viewers, #9; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T5).
The silver then went to NBC (6.307 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T2) with a new "The Voice" (7.989 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 1.1, #3) and the return of "Making It" (2.943 million viewers, #10; adults 18-49: 0.5, #10).
Next up was CBS (5.408 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T2) and its repeat lineup of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (7.042 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 1.5, #1), "All Rise" (4.557 million viewers, #6; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T5) and "Bull" (4.624 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 0.6, #9).
Meanwhile, ABC (4.556 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.7, #4) offered up the season premiere of "The Great Christmas Light Fight" (4.050 million viewers, #7; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T5), another "The Great Christmas Light Fight" (3.553 million viewers, #8; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T5) and the fall finale of "The Good Doctor" (6.066 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.9, #4).
And finally, The CW (0.657 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 0.2, #5) closed out the night with the fall finale to "All American" (0.735 million viewers, #11; adults 18-49: 0.2, #T11) and a new "Black Lightning" (0.579 million viewers, #12; adults 18-49: 0.2, #T11).
+16.67% - 9-1-1
0.00% - The Good Doctor
0.00% - Prodigal Son
0.00% - All American
0.00% - Black Lightning
-8.33% - The Voice
+180.00% - 9-1-1 (vs. The Resident (Repeat))
+40.00% - Prodigal Son (vs. 9-1-1 (Repeat))
-33.33% - Black Lightning (vs. DC's Legends of Tomorrow)
-36.36% - The Great Christmas Light Fight - 8:00
-50.00% - All American (vs. Arrow)
-50.00% - Making It (vs. Deal or No Deal: Happy Howie Days)
Source: Nielsen Media Research
[december 2020]


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Home / Obituaries / Obituary Notice: Sarah M. (Bloom) Gill
Obituary Notice: Sarah M. (Bloom) Gill
Posted on Friday, July 5, 2013 by Gant Team in Obituaries
Sarah M. (Bloom) Gill, 83, of Westover and formerly of Madera, died Thursday, July 4, 2013 at her residence.
She was born July 23, 1929 at WoodwardTownship, a daughter of the late Parker and Mary B. (Schaffer) Bloom.
She was Methodist by faith and was a homemaker.
On Nov. 3, 1954, at Chester Hill, she married Francis C. Gill Sr. who preceded her in death March 14, 1992.
She's survived by four sons, James E. Gill Sr. and his wife, Tammy of Westover; Robert G. Gill and Francis C. Gill Jr. of Patton; and Kenneth R. Gill and his wife, Erica of Philipsburg.
She's survived by 14 grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren. She's also survived by a sister, Dorothy M. Warholic of Houtzdale and numerous nieces and nephews.
In addition to her parents and husband, she was preceded in death by two grandchildren, Mark and Billie and two brothers, James and William.
Graveside Services will be held at 11 a.m. Saturday in the LylevilleCemetery, Coalport.
The family requests that memorial donations be made to: James E. Gill Sr., 5608 S. Main St.Westover, PA16692.
Condolences may be sent to: condolences@kruisefuneralhome.com.
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Obituary Notice: Helen M. Horn
Obituary Notice: Veronica L. Wise
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