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La ciutat de Tremp és el cap i casal tant del municipi del mateix nom com de la comarca del Pallars Jussà, del partit judicial de Tremp i de l'arxiprestat homònim, pertanyent al bisbat d'Urgell. El terme de la ciutat de Tremp constitueix actualment un enclavament del seu municipi, separat de la resta pel terme de Talarn.

Etimologia

L'etimologia del topònim «Tremp» ha estat controvertida i plena de dubtes. Almenys fins ara, no hi ha una única explicació etimològica acceptada per tots els especialistes en el tema. Joan Coromines dedica un llarg article a intentar aportar llum sobre l'origen del nom de la capital pallaresa. Descarta d'entrada que l'origen sigui la paraula llatina templum, i, en canvi es decanta per una arrel no indoeuropea d'origen itàlic portada aquí pels primers colonitzadors indoeuropeus, sorotaptes que havien fet estada en terra venetoligur abans d'arribar als actuals territoris de parla catalana. Coromines també postula que fou abans el gentilici, trempolins que no pas el nom de la ciutat, Tremp, i que en aquest cas seria al revés del que és habitual: el nom de la ciutat es referiria al lloc on s'havien situat els seus pobladors.

En la falsa acta de consagració de la Seu d'Urgell, atribuïda a l'any 819, ja figura la inscripció que dicunt ad Trimplo. En els documents posteriors on apareix el nom de la ciutat, ja és esmentada amb la forma actual.

Ciutat
La vila de Tremp, esdevinguda ciutat el 27 de maig del 1884, té un territori propi molt petit, ampliat modernament, en créixer la ciutat, a costa de parts del terme de Talarn, com ja ha quedat dit anteriorment. La vila medieval s'havia format en el territori de la canònica, antic cap de deganat, de Santa Maria de Tremp, o de Valldeflors, i constava d'uns carrers de clara disposició medieval, envoltats per muralles, que Pascual Madoz havia vist i descrit en el seu Diccionario geográfico... del 1845. Tanmateix, cal dir que en molts moments de la història, el paper de capital l'hagué de disputar amb Talarn. Talarn, però, sempre tingué un paper més polític i militar, lligat a l'antiga Comanda de Susterris, mentre que Tremp actuava més com a vila civil i comercial.

El nucli antic estava format per dos carrers en forma de creu (Soldevila-Capdevila i Peressall) que es troben en una petita plaça, i tot de carrers més petits, irregulars, que omplen els quatre quarters en què queda dividida la ciutat. El carrer de Peressall discorre de llevant a ponent; a l'extrem est hi havia el portal de Peressall, enderrocat el 1915; els carrers de Capdevila i Soldevila, que són una continuïtat de l'altre, ho fan de nord a sud. Cap a migdia s'anomena carrer de Soldevila, ja que davalla lleugerament cap a la part més baixa: el sòl de la vila; cap a septentrió, és el carrer de Capdevila, que puja lleugerament cap a la més alta: el cap de la vila. Al capdavall del carrer de Soldevila hi havia hagut una altra porta, desapareguda el 1903. Al capdamunt del carrer de Capdevila també hi havia hagut un portal, i al carrer de Sant Roc -continuïtat cap a ponent fora muralles del de Peressall- una quarta entrada al clos de la vila.

El traçat urbanístic, amb dos carrers creuats formant quatre parts aproximadament iguals recorda la distribució d'un campament militar romà. És una de les hipòtesis barallades a l'hora d'explicar la naixença de Tremp; no hi ha vestigis arqueològics que permetin de corroborar-ho, ara per ara, però continua essent una hipòtesi plausible. En el quarter sud-oest de la vila se celebrava el mercat, a la plaça que rebia per nom del Mercadal. Amb la creixença de darreries del  i començaments del XX, en el moment que s'enderrocaren les muralles i els portals de la vila, aquesta plaça del Mercadal es convertí en carrer, ja que se li va donar sortida cap al sud. Esdevingué el carrer més ample del nucli antic de Tremp.

A l'angle nord-est del recinte clos de la vila hi havia l'església actualment parroquial, antigament canònica de Santa Maria de Valldeflors de Tremp.

Aquest recinte era emmurallat, amb un fossar el traçat del qual era exactament el mateix que l'actual del carrer, i carretera, que circueix el nucli antic de Tremp. Conserva encara el nom del fossar: passeig del Vall. D'aquest recinte, actualment se'n conserven tres torres, dues d'elles actualment exemptes (la de la Sagristia i la de Soldevila, també anomenada dels Padres pel fet de formar part de l'edifici on hi havia hagut el col·legi dels Pares de la Sagrada Família), i la tercera, la de Mingo, encara immersa en un pany de cases que ressegueixen l'antiga muralla. La mateixa torre encara forma part d'una casa. Es té memòria que el 1917 n'hi havia tres més, de torres, a les cases de Feliu, Gavatxa i Millet. La torre anomenada Gavatxa va ser enderrocada també a principis del .

Tot i les constants transformacions que ha sofert Tremp en els darrers mil anys, es pot comprovar fàcilment que el traçat d'aquest nucli antic correspon a una manera de concebre l'urbanisme de caràcter essencialment medieval, romànic.

El primer creixement de Tremp fora muralles fou cap a llevant, formant-se el Raval dels Caputxins, que s'estén entre la plaça de la Creu (l'antic Peiró, on hi havia hagut la pedrera emprada per a construir les muralles de la vila medieval), i l'extrem de la costa que va pujant cap a llevant fins al lloc on hi hagué el convent dels caputxins, el lloc del qual està actualment ocupat per l'Hospital Comarcal. El segon eixample fou el del carrer de Sant Roc, cap a ponent, ja en el , i al XIX creixia cap al nord, formant-se el barri de les Adoberies i el carrer de sant Jaume, en el límit amb el barranc de les Adoberies (barranc de Fontvella) i entrant fins i tot en terme de Talarn.

Ja en el  continuà el creixement de la ciutat, per un cantó omplint els buits existents entre els eixamples anteriorment esmentats (la Sort de Mir, la Vall de Manyanet, el 1913), i per l'altre urbanitzant el sector meridional. Fou el moment en què s'obrí el Passeig de la Rambla, s'urbanitzà el Prat de Sullà (1923) i, finalment, la Sort de Sullà (1937). D'aquesta manera quedava pràcticament esgotat el terreny del terme municipal de Tremp en aquell moment. Per tal d'evitar l'ofec que això representava per a la ciutat, el 1959 s'hi afegiren les porcions ja esmentades del terme de Talarn, que permeteren -i continuen permetent- un cert creixement urbanístic del cap del Pallars Jussà.

El fet que les terres de la canònica de Santa Maria de Valldeflors no fossin gaire extenses i, a més, del tot envoltades per terres dels Hospitalers de Susterris, ha limitat molt el desenvolupament de la ciutat de Tremp al llarg de la història.

Història

Edat antiga
Segons alguns autors, Tremp és un dels llocs on s'establiren les colònies en l'època de la romanització.

Edat mitjana
La vila de Tremp està documentada almenys des del 1079, quan els comtes de Pallars Jussà doten de territori propi "en terme del castell de Tendrui" l'església de santa Maria. Fins ara s'havia donat per bona la data del 819 o 839, que consta en un document apòcrif: l'acta de consagració de la catedral de santa Maria d'Urgell, a la Seu d'Urgell. Actualment, però està prou establert pels historiadors que aquesta datació és falsa, i que es tracta d'un document realment escrit ja al .

Cal dir que en aquesta mateixa època, i sempre dins del mateix terme -petit- de Tremp, hi hagué més d'un nucli de població. A la ciutat actual, hauríem d'afegir la part que hi hagué, com es dirà tot seguit, entorn de l'actual hospital, i les restes del Despoblat de Congistols que es trobaren anys enrere (i que avui dia semblen desaparegudes del tot per mor de l'obertura d'un polígon industrial) entre els barrancs de Juncà i de la Fontvella, ran de la carretera de Tendrui. Un altre nucli de població medieval estigué al lloc ara conegut com a Despoblat d'Enorts, del qual es conservaven el 1912 les restes de la seva església. Es tractava d'unes ruïnes situades 120 m. sota la Granja d'Enorts, o Borda dels Frares, en el costat esquerre de Susterris, a uns 2 quilòmetres de Tremp i a una altitud de 450 m. Completaria aquesta relació la desapareguda església de Sant Jaume de Pallars, situada on ara hi ha l'alberg de Tremp.

En el document del 1079 es parla de l'església de santa Maria com d'una església refeta perquè havia estat temps enrere destruïda pels pagans; sens dubte, es tracta d'una referència a la presència dels alarbs al Pallars Jussà durant el . El 1087 es completa la donació del 1079, i els comtes de Pallars atorguen a Santa Maria de Tremp la vila i terme, juntament amb les cases que hi ha i els homes que hi vivien.

Aquesta primera població obtingué ben aviat el títol de vila reial, i el 1174 ja celebrava una important fira, que era de les més importants del Pirineu català, i que serví d'aglutinador comercial en molts quilòmetres a la rodona. Se sap que el 1288 eren dos els mercats setmanals que es duien a terme a Tremp dimecres i divendres (el 1664 es traslladà el mercat, en aquell moment únic a dilluns, dia en què encara es fa actualment). Com que la celebració de mercats i fires estava subjecta a concessions reials, a l'edat mitjana, se'n pot inferir la importància que adquirí la vila de Tremp en aquells temps. Encara es confirmà aquest paper rellevant de la vila el 1385, amb la concessió d'una segona fira anual, de quinze dies de durada, igual que la primera fira existent des d'almeys 200 anys abans. Amb el pas del temps, en èpoques més modernes, augmentà el nombre de mercats, sobretot específics, com la Fira dels Alls, el 4 d'agost; el de sant Tomàs, el 21 de desembre, dedicat al porc; el de sant Joan, el 24 de juny, dedicat a la llana... Ja en temps recents s'ha afermat la Fira Industrial i Agrícola, per sant Bonifaci, copatró de Tremp (14 de maig). Per tant, Tremp no ha perdut mai, de l'edat mitjana ençà, el seu rellevant paper de centre comarcal des de tots els punts de vista.

El nucli primitiu de Tremp sembla que era sensiblement més a llevant que l'actual emplaçament de la vila vella. Aproximadament, devia ser pels volts d'on ara hi ha l'hospital, antic emplaçament d'un convent de caputxins al lloc antigament conegut com la Pedrera, i més tard com el Peiró. És a partir de darreries del  que creix la ciutat nova, l'actual nucli vell de Tremp. Ben aviat s'envoltà de muralles, amb torres que anaven afermant el circuit murat, i també ben aviat s'ocupà tot el recinte interior. Així va esdevenir una ciutat forta militarment i forta econòmicament, ja que esdevingué un important centre comercial (el 1358 hi són censats 144 focs: uns 720 habitants).

Tremp, però, com a plaça forta estratègicament ben situada, fou objecte de moltes controvèrsies de cara a obtenir-ne el domini. Inicialment pertanyent a la canònica de santa Maria de Tremp, el 1171 el bisbe d'Urgell Arnau en cedí els drets als comtes pallaresos Ramon Miró I i la seva muller Anglesa, i més tard el següent bisbe, Bernat de Vilamur, feu una altra cessió a favor de Ponç de Vilamur, parent seu, cessió confirmada el 1219 pel bisbe d'aquell moment, Pere. El 1257, en una butlla del papa Alexandre IV, els canonges de Tremp arribaren a una concòrdia amb el bisbe d'Urgell i li cediren el senyoriu de la vila i terme.

No s'acabaren, però, aquí els tràfecs: el 1303 s'estengué una nova concòrdia, ara entre el bisbe d'Urgell i el mateix comte-rei Jaume el Just, pel tema de la jurisdicció sobre la vila. Fins al 1328 s'arrossegà aquest tema, sense acabar de resoldre del tot, per les pretensions d'una banda i de l'altra damunt d'aquesta jurisdicció, que acabà en mans del rei. L'11 d'octubre del 1370 Pere el Cerimoniós va vendre els drets que hi tenia la corona a la mateixa Universitat de Tremp (nom que rebia el precedent dels actuals ajuntaments d'aquella època). A la venda s'hi ajuntaven els castells de Talarn i Orrit.

Tremp esdevingué una vila forta i, alhora, pretesa i combatuda en totes les guerres que hi hagué en el seu territori. Fou saquejada el 1368 pels francesos, i el rei, en ajut de la vila, hi concedí el dret d'imposar determinats tributs, resistí l'embranzida del comte de Foix el 1396, fou ocupada per Lluís de Mudarra el 1476 en el marc de la guerra amb Joan II

Edat moderna
El 1553, en el Fogatge d'aquell any, apareix ja amb una població superior a la de Talarn, malgrat que la importància política i l'extensió del terme d'aquesta darrera vila era superior a la de Tremp. Hi apareixen ja més d'un centenar de focs (que, multiplicats per cinc, donen una xifra aproximada al nombre d'habitants, superior al mig miler).

La vila de Tremp tingué també un paper destacat a la Guerra de Successió. De marcada tendència austriacista, els pallaresos donaren suport, com la major part de Catalunya, a la causa de l'Arxiduc Carles d'Àustriai, per tant, sofrí la dura repressió de Felip V un cop acaba aquella guerra, així com la imposició dels Decrets de Nova Planta.

Edat contemporània
El paper estratègic de la vila de Tremp li conferí, una vegada més, un lloc destacat a la Guerra del Francès i a les tres Guerres Carlines, fins que se'n desmantellaren les muralles a partir del 1876. L'any 1910 queia el darrer tros de muralla, el que envoltava la capçalera de l'església de santa Maria i la rectoria adjunta al costat nord; només se'n conservà la torre de la Sagristia.

Tanmateix, aquestes mateixes muralles havien estat reforçades i ampliades més d'un cop, arran d'algun dels esdeveniments bèl·lics que s'hi visqueren. Fou especialment durant les carlinades: es construïren fortins fora vila; un a la Quera, en direcció a Claret, un altre al Pinell, pel camí de Palau de Noguera, i un de tercer al Xut, pel camí de Talarn. El 1874, arran de la Tercera Guerra Carlina, s'enderrocava la major part de les muralles i dels fortins esmentats, cosa que permeté el creixement posterior de la ciutat.

Els primers censos de població es remunten a la segona meitat del ; en el del 1365 consten a Tremp 165 focs (unes 825 persones), i en el del 1394, 195 (970). És un volum de població prou considerable, com ho és també l'increment que s'experimenta en pocs anys. Tanmateix, les múltiples crisis viscudes a partir del segle XV afectaren greument Tremp (com tot el territori català), i el 1515 només s'hi registren 77 focs (uns 385 habitants), i 113 (uns 565) el 1553. No es recuperà del tot l'aleshores vila fins al , seguint encara la tònica general de tot Catalunya; així, el 1718 se sap que hi havia 700 habitants, que ja eren 1.262 el 1787. El creixement fou continuat durant el segle següent, i s'arribà als 2.238 el 1860 i als 2.631 el 1887.

Fins a l'abolició dels senyorius, el 1831, Tremp pertangué senyorialment al bisbe d'Urgell.

Pascual Madoz, que coneixia molt bé Tremp per haver-hi viscut i haver lluitat a la Segona Guerra Carlina pels volts de Tremp amb els isabelins, o liberals, dedica tres articles diferents a parlar de Tremp: un per al partit judicial, un per la -aleshores- vila, i un tercer per a la Conca. Hi diu, per a la vila, que és al centre de la seva conca, en una plana ampla i oberta, bastant ben ventilada, clima sa, sense més malalties que les periòdiques de l'estiu. Escrita el 1845, ja parla de muralles desaparegudes, tot i que n'esmenta fragments. La muralla interior comprenia exclusivament el nucli urbà estricte, mentre que l'exterior abraçava també els ravals. La vila tenia en aquell moment 313 cases de cal, canto y yeso, generalment de construcció regular, de 2 pisos i 64 pams catalans d'elevació sobre el nivell dels carrers. Els carrers eren plans, amb voravies i clavegueres i força ben alineats. Tenia 5 petites places, una d'elles amb portals.

D'edificis públics, hi havia la Casa de la vila, l'escola de primeres lletres (on hi ha les presons del poble), l'hospital vell, la capella del qual serveix per a escola, una escola per a noies, i l'hospital, situat a l'antic convent de caputxins. Dona, per a Tremp. 266 veïns (caps de família) i 1.600 ànimes (habitants).

Just a darreries d'aquest  altra vegada sacsejà Tremp una sèrie de malvestats que afectaren greument l'economia i la demografia del Pallars Jussà. En la Geografia general de Catalunya dirigida per Francesc Carreras i Candi, diu que l'any 1888 la ciutat té 564 edificis, amb 2.497 habitants, i el 1900 es compon de 605 edificis, amb 1.978 habitants. El 1910 en són 1.937: la fil·loxera feu malbé les plantacions de vinya de la comarca i la manca de desenvolupament industrial obligaren molts pallaresos a emigrar cap a les zones on s'estava desenvolupant intensament la indústria de darreries del XIX.

La història contemporània de Tremp es pot considerar que comença quan arriba a la comarca l'empresa La Canadenca, encarregada de construir la presa de Sant Antoni i el complex derivat del pantà corresponent. Fins aquell moment, Tremp, i tota la comarca, continuava amb les formes de vida seculars al voltant de l'activitat agrària i del comerç, minso, que se'n derivava. L'activitat industrial se circumscrivia a les petites indústries locals (molines fariners, trulls, alguna fassina) i a l'activitat dels artesans, quasi sempre d'abast familiar. L'inici de les obres dels pantans suposà una obertura cap a l'exterior important, amb treballadors vinguts de fora, més trànsit de persones vingudes de fora, i pallaresos impel·lits per causes diverses a sortir fora de la comarca i, en el fins, una renovació fins i tot de costums, inclosa l'entrada de maquinària per als treballs del camp.

La incorporació de La Canadenca a la vida de la comarca comportà d'entrada un augment demogràfic, però de seguida provocà una revifalla econòmica, que permeté aturar una mica el despoblament de la ciutat i de la comarca. Es milloraren els sistemes de reg, amb la qual cosa van millorar considerablement els conreus, i Tremp arribava el 1920 als 2.115 habitants, que ja eren 3.329 el 1930, 3.521 el 1940 -amb la sacsejada de la Guerra Civil enmig-, 4.015 el 1950, 4.466 el 1960 i 4.919 el 1965 (els dos darrers, amb l'afegitó d'habitants del barri de les Adoberies, fins aquell moment de Talarn.

En els darrers 40 anys, el creixement s'ha aturat i, malgrat la incorporació dels set municipis ja esmentats, hi ha hagut uns alts i baixos que tornen a ser de creixença els darrers anys: 4.676 habitants el 1970, 4.880 el 1975, 4.793 el 1981 i 5.332 el 2005. Cal destacar que si bé el creixement de la població de Tremp sembla, almenys, estancat, el dels pobles agregats ha minvat de forma dramàtica, arribant al total despoblament en alguns casos, fenomen que ha desertitzat enormes zones de la comarca, només salvat en algun cas aïllat, com el d'Espluga de Serra, on una colònia de nous pobladors, dels que sovint s'anomenen neorurals, que han obligat fins i tot a reobrir l'escola del poble, de la mateixa manera que ha esdevingut a Bóixols, del terme d'Abella de la Conca. Cal afegir a aquesta observació el progressiu envelliment de la població, acompanyat d'un important descens de la natalitat. Tot plegat, fa que calgui esguardar el futur de la comarca amb certes dosis de preocupació, expressades pels geògrafs i sociòlegs

Aquesta modernització i canvi profund quedà interromput per la guerra civil, i la frenada en tots els aspectes que suposà la postguerra, sobretot a causa de les idees imposades el 1939 i els models de vida que es van haver de seguir durant molts anys després de la caiguda de la II República.

Festes i tradicions
Antigament, eren moltes les festes celebrades a Tremp, sobretot de caràcter religiós. La festa principal era la de la patrona de la ciutat, la Mare de Déu de Valldeflors, que se celebrava el 8 setembre, Diada de les Mares de Déu trobades. Ultra aquesta festa, se celebrava la festa de sant Bonifaci (14 de maig), la Mare de Déu de Gràcia, la festa de sant Roc, la de sant Jaume (totes elles amb capelles a la ciutat), la de sant Antoni del porquet, el 17 de gener (diada en què es ballava el contrapàs), la de sant Sebastià (festa votiva per la protecció del sant del còlera), la de sant Blai, la Candelera, el Carnaval, les festes eminentment religioses de Quaresma i Pasqua, amb Caramelles, etcètera, a més de moltes altres festes, com Reis o sant Joan, molt celebrades a tot e territori català.

Tremp a la literatura catalana
L'any 1867, el poeta que utilitzava el pseudònim d'Armengol del Montsech aconseguí un accèssit a la Flor Natural als Jocs de Florals de la Llengua Catalana amb un poema intitulat A la Conca de Tremp. Aquest n'és el fragment més significatiu, reproduït en l'ortografia a l'ús el 1867:

Serveis turístics
Tremp, com a cap de comarca, concentra la majoria de serveis turístics de la comarca.

Cal destacar que hi ha un Alberg de la Generalitat de Catalunya, anomenat Alberg del Pallars. A part de l'alberg, des del punt de vista de l'allotjament, hi ha dos hotels a Tremp (Segle XX i Alegret), i tres hostals també a Tremp (Buenos Aires, la Canonja i Habitacions Gay). Fora de Tremp, només hi ha un hotel (Nerets) a Vilamitjana i una casa rural a Eroles, una altra a Fígols de Tremp i dues a Santa Engràcia.

D'establiments de restauració, també són la major part a Tremp. Són almenys 27, en total, que es distribueixen entre 11 restaurants i 16 bars.

Fills i filles il·lustres

 Pius Puigcorbé i Galceran (1853 - 1909): notari i delegat a l'Assemblea de Manresa (1892).
 Francesc Ramon Monrós i Fitó (1863 - 1944): escriptor i delegat a l'Assemblea de Manresa (1892).

Centres d'ensenyament
 Col·legi Maria Immaculada (privat concertat, infantil, primària i secundària obligatòria)
 Col·legi Valldeflors (públic, infantil i primària)
 INS de Tremp (públic, secundària obligatòria, batxillerat i cicles formatius)

Basílica de la Mare de Déu de Valldeflors

Temple neobarroc amb orígens al s.XI. L'última edificació és del 1642. Destaca la talla gòtica de la Mare de Déu de Valldeflors (s.XV), l'altar de St. Bonifaci (s.XVII) i l'orgue romàntic. Església basílica amb importants obres d'art en la que destaca la imatge gòtica de la Mare de Déu de Valldeflors junt amb l'orgue i la talla barroca del St.Crist.

Elements a destacar
La retaulística catalana de l'època del barroc, és, sens dubte la tipologia artística  que millor defineix a casa nostra és l'art del  i XVIII. Així, doncs, no és exagerat afirmar que dins l'anomenada imatgeria espanyola els escultors i retaulistes catalans s'igualen, i fins i tot superen els grans noms hispans.

Uns elements a destacar d'aquesta basílica son

 Retaule de la Sagrada Família amb un marc obra de Gaudí i una rèplica escultòrica de Llimona regalat a la Parròquia.

Referències

Bibliografia

  Edició facsímil:

  Edició facsímil:

Enllaços externs
 Pàgina web de l'Ajuntament
 Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya

Enclavaments del Pallars Jussà

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Shared value of Turkic world: Chingiz Aitmatov
Comments Off on Shared value of Turkic world: Chingiz Aitmatov
A Kyrgyz author and statesman Chingiz Aitmatov, whose fame reached beyond his country's borders and books are read with great admiration all over the world, was born 91 years ago today.
He was born on Dec. 12, 1928 in the village of Sheker near the Chinese border in Kyrgyzstan and his father settled in Russian capital Moscow due to his father Torekul Aitmatov's career in 1929.
He started his education life in Moscow, and had to drop out of school at the eighth grade when World War II started.
In 1942, while the men were sent to the front to fight, Aitmatov was brought to the secretariat of the village at the age of 14 to take the inventory of agricultural machines and work as a tax collector.
After the war, Aitmatov moved to Jambul, Kyrgyzstan in 1946, studied at a veterinary school, and ranked first at graduation. He also received an honor degree in 1953 from the Frunze Agricultural Institute.
During his years at the institute, Aitmatov worked as a reporter for local newspapers and penned columns.
In 1953-1956, he worked as a senior husbandry expert at the Animal Husbandry Division of the Agricultural Institute in Frunze.
Translation of Jamila paves way for his global fame
Switching to literary studies at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow in 1956, Aitmatov started to be known with works he penned in 1957.
He graduated from the literature institute in 1958 and published his internationally-acclaimed novel Jamila the same year.
Jamila was later translated into French by poet Louis Aragon who called it "the most beautiful love story in the world," providing Aitmatov more recognition on the world stage.
Returning back to his country, Aitmatov started to work for Russian newspaper Pravda as its Kyrgyzstan reporter.
Aitmatov's The First Teacher was published in 1962, and Tales of Mountains and Steppes in 1963 -- which brought him the Lenin Prize.
He wrote his first novel The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years in 1980.
Representing his country as ambassador
In addition to his literary work, Aitmatov also worked as the member of the Soviet Union Parliament in 1966-1989.
After the independence of Kyrgyzstan, Aitmatov served as Kyrgyzstan's ambassador to several European countries -- Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands in 1994-2006.
He also represented his country in the EU, NATO and UNESCO.
Aitmatov wrote his last novel When The Mountains Fall Down: The Eternal Bride in 2007.
After getting sick in Tatarstan's capital Kazan during a trip to the city in 2008, Aitmatov was taken to Germany for a treatment and passed away on June 10.
Aitmatov married Maria Urmatova in 1981 and had three sons and a daughter with her.
Upon his will, Aitmatov was buried in Ata Beyit cemetery where his father is also buried.
Kyrgyz President Sooronbay Jeenbekov established the Manas and Chingiz Aitmatov National Academy this year to research, sustain and spread Aitmatov's works.
Shared value of Turkic world
Source of honor for the Kyrgyz people, Aitmatov, whose works have been translated into 170 languages, is being remembered on the 91st anniversary of his birth with various activities in the Turkic world.
The International Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY) declared 2018 the year of remembrance on the 90th anniversary of Aitmatov' birth, the biggest present of the Kyrgyz nation to the Turkic world and the world literature.
Over 600 high school and university students in Turkey read all of Aitmatov's works to mark the year.
Turkey heard of Aitmatov with his short story The Red Scarf, which was adopted into the movie The Girl with Red Scarf (Selvi Boylum Al Yazmalim) in 1978.
Source: Anadolu Agency

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Motorcycle News » MotoGP » Andrea Iannone's 18 month ban "absurd" says Aprilia
Andrea Iannone's 18 month ban "absurd" says Aprilia
April 1st 2020
Andrea Iannone handed 18 month ban after positive anabolic steroid test. But the rider could appeal before the start of this year's MotoGP season
Dominic Tobin
Andrea Iannone has been suspended from racing for 18 months after testing positive for an anabolic steroid.
The Aprilia rider claimed that contaminated food may have been to blame for the result at last year's Malaysian Grand Prix.
He can appeal against the decision by the International Motorcycling Federation's (FIM) International Disciplinary Court (CDI).
In a statement, Aprilia said that it had "complete faith" in Iannone, and that the ban was "absurd" because the judge had accepted his argument.
"The judges recognised Andrea's complete good faith and unawareness of assuming the substance, confirming the food contamination argument," said Massimo Rivola, Aprilia Racing CEO. "For this reason, the penalty imposed does not make any sense.
"This scenario opens up new possibilities of appeal for Andrea Iannone."
In MotoGP, all the world championship's a stage
The news that Andrea Iannone will manage Romano Fenati had the paddock agog at Misano. So what to expect from MotoGP's latest soap opera? Iannone & Fenati plot twist in the…
Rivola indicated that Iannone was likely to appeal the ban, which runs until June 16, 2021. With racing effectively suspended, an appeal may be heard before the start of the season.
"In light of the motivations written by the judges themselves, Andrea should have been acquitted, as has always occurred to other contaminated athletes, but this situation leaves us a lot of hope for the appeal which we hope will be very quick," said Rivola. "We want Andrea back on his Aprilia RS-GP. We will be by his side all the way to the end of this matter and we will support him in his appeal."
Test rider Bradley Smith, who replaced Iannone in this year's preseason testing, is likely to take the Italian's place if he remains banned when racing resumes.
Iannone has been suspended since the findings from the routine drugs test were announced on December 17 last year.
A second B sample also showed traces of an anabolic steroid. Iannone then challenged the case at the CDI.
The hearings were held in February and the decision announced today.
"The FIM International Disciplinary Court handed down on 31 March 2020 a decision imposing a period of ineligibility of eighteen months on Italian MotoGP Rider Mr Andrea Iannone, commencing on 17 December 2019 and which shall end on 16 June 2021," the FIM said in a statement.
"Mr Iannone is disqualified from Round 18 of the 2019 FIM Grand Prix World Championship held on November 1-3, 2019, in Sepang (Malaysia) and Round 19 of the 2019 FIM Grand Prix World Championship held on November 15-17, 2019, in Valencia (Spain) with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.
"An appeal against the CDI decision may be lodged before the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland within 21 days from the date of receipt of the CDI."


text:
namespace zam {
    namespace net {
        namespace handler {

            template <class EVENT_HANDLER>
            class eventDispatcherSingleThread final
                    : public base::io::ioObject
                    , public eventHandler
            {
                static_assert(std::is_base_of<eventHandler, EVENT_HANDLER>::value, "you have to use eventHandler");

            public:
                using eventHandler_t = EVENT_HANDLER;

                explicit eventDispatcherSingleThread(base::io::ioSystem& ios)
                        : base::io::ioObject(ios)
                        , handler_(boost::make_shared<eventHandler_t>())
                {}

                boost::shared_ptr<eventHandler_t>& handlerReal() { return handler_; }

            public:
                void onInitHandler() final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onInitHandler, handler_));
                }
                void onAccept(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection>& c) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onAccept, handler_, c));
                }

                void onConnect(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection>& c) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onConnect, handler_, c));
                }

                void onConnectFailed(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection>& c) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onConnectFailed, handler_, c));
                }

                void onClose(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection>& c) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onClose, handler_, c));
                }

                void onExpired(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection>& c) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onExpired, handler_, c));
                }

                void onRecv(boost::shared_ptr<connection::connection> &c, boost::shared_ptr<message> &msg, size_t length) final {
                    ioPost(boost::bind(&eventHandler::onRecv, handler_, c, msg, length));
                }

            private:
                boost::shared_ptr<eventHandler_t> handler_;
            };

        }
    }
}

#endif //ZAMLIB_EVENTDISPATCHER_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Ben Ainslie finishes 1st on the first day of the America's Cup race
Ben Ainslie and his Land Rover BAR team came 1st in the first race of the America's Cup
By Daily Echo Reporter
BEN Ainslie has come first in two of the first three races at the America's Cup.
Ainslie and his Land Rover BAR team won the second and third races in the international sailing contest, being hosted in Portsmouth.
The wins put the UK in first place on the overall leader board, ahead of France in second and Japan in third.
The USA have finished the day in fourth, with New Zealand in fifth and Sweden in sixth.
Ben Ainslie said: "We want to perform well in front of the home crowd to give them something to cheer for – it's an extra impetus. We've been training hard, preparing thoroughly and the guys are really fired up for it.
"It was very tight racing in quite light and difficult winds. We got caught out in the first race, we were in a strong position and then got stuck with Japan and both of us sailed ourselves to the back of the fleet from second and third which was really frustrating.
"But I was pleased with the way we regrouped for the final two races. We fought hard and kept going to come away with two wins; and to top the day in such difficult conditions at our home event was a great effort.
"It was difficult on the start line today, the tide was actually pushing us away from it, but I think everyone was desperate to get a good start because it puts you in such a strong position and there were a lot of early starts.
"But after that, because the wind was so patchy, there were a lot of passing lanes and place changes.
"It was a day to keep your eyes open and keep fighting all the way because there were always opportunities to gain and lose, you could never feel secure, you always had to be alert to the changing conditions."
THE VERDICT: Familiar problems resurfaced during Saints' collapse
Hasenhuttl's happy to stick with the same squad for the rest of the season
Saints aren't interested in offloading Romeu
TRANSFER WINDOW LIVE: All the news and gossip as Saints look to bolster their squad
Hasenhuttl: We must learn from Wolves defeat
Saints v Wolves: Five things we learned
Hasenhuttl criticises VAR after Saints collapse at home
Southampton 2 Wolves 3: Saints are stunned after leading 2-0
AS IT HAPPENED: Saints v Wolves - Saints surrender a two-goal lead to bring their unbeaten run to an end


text:
Chancellor Emeritus Mark S. Wrighton
Mark S. Wrighton, PhD, was elected the 14th chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis in 1995 and served as its chief executive officer for 24 years.
In the years following his appointment, the university made significant progress in student quality, campus improvements, resource development, curriculum and international reputation.
University accomplishments during Wrighton's time as chancellor include a more than three-fold increase in undergraduate applications, more than 300 new endowed professorships for faculty, a redesigned Arts & Sciences curriculum, newly created programs in biomedical engineering, public health, American culture studies, and completion of more than 50 new buildings and the redevelopment of the East End of the Danforth Campus.
wrighton@wustl.edu
@ProfWrightonWU
See Campus Improvements
Visit Faculty Page
Accomplishments & Recognition
More than 50 new buildings
Financial aid endowment increased by $733 million
363 endowed positions created
During Mark S. Wrighton's 24-year tenure as chancellor, the university saw:
Annual undergraduate applications increase almost three-fold (from 11,276 in 1996 to 31,320 in 2018)
Average SAT score of incoming students rise from 1352 in 1996 to 1510 in 2019
Dramatic movement in student diversity indicators, with the Pell-eligible student population growing from 5% to 15% between 2007 and 2019
Establishment of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center
Formation of the McDonnell International Scholars Academy
Establishment of the Institute for Public Health
Formation of the Institute for School Partnership
Launch of Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement
Establishment of the Living Earth Collaborative
Four Nobel Prize winners
1,459 endowed scholarships created
Double the number of nationalities represented on campus
363 endowed positions, including four deanships, created
Two campaigns, which together raised nearly $5 billion
Federal research grants increased by $310 million
Chancellor Emeritus Wrighton has been recognized for his accomplishments:
Honorary degree from Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya
Honorary degree from Fudan University
Citizen of the Year
Right Arm of St. Louis Award
Co-chairship of United Way campaign
Named among Ingram's 'Icons of Education'
The Wrighton years by the numbers
Chancellor Wrighton – Through the years
Recognizing Leading Together's impact, Wrightons' 'selfless service'
A look back: Chancellor Wrighton through the years
University celebrates Wrightons' legacy at Wrightonpalooza
Debates hosted during Wrighton's chancellorship:
2000: Presidential Debate, Texas Governor George W. Bush and Vice President Al Gore
2004: Presidential Debate, President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry
2008: Vice Presidential Debate, Joe Biden and Sarah Palin
2016: Presidential Debate, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton
Recent Speeches
Statement from Chancellor Wrighton to Board of Trustees
Next: Fifteenth Chancellor Andrew D. Martin
Previous: Thirteenth Chancellor William H. Danforth


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All contributions must be submitted electronically in the PDF format.
Accepted papers will appear in the IEEE Xplore electronic library, which provides excellent visibility and accessibility to its contents.
The web site for submitting the paper is https://www.softconf.com/a/fpl2010/ and is closed!
FPL 2010 will initiate an "FPL Community Award" to authors who have made a significant contribution to the community by providing some material or knowledge in an open format that benefits the rest of the community.
An example of poster in terms of size is downloadable here.
With its 20th edition, FPL requires all the presenters to allow their presentation slides to be hosted on the www.fpl.org website.
Copyright will remain with the authors but they will be required to authorize the use of their materials for non-commercial purposes provided the end-users acknowledge the source.
Presenters are requested to upload their presentation in advance for a smoother organization (it will be possible to upload an updated version) by using the form below.
If your Browser doesn't support iframes, please follow this link.
Note: Many people reported problems when entering the correct captcha. This is because of the weird caching behavior of some browser. Not all the browsers refresh the captcha image (but server does), so all of them entered an expired captcha (seen on their screen). Even when entering a wrong submission password, the server says 'Wrong captcha', because this is its first check that fails.


Andeavor is one of the largest independent petroleum refiners and marketers in the United States, operating primarily in the mid-continent and western United States. Headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, our assets include refineries, wholesale and commercial marketing operations, a network of more than 3,300 retail fuel stations, and logistics operations that leverage assets owned by Andeavor Logistics as part of our integrated value chain.
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Our marketing and convenience store portfolio includes more than 3,300 retail stations under the ARCO®, SUPERAMERICA®, Shell®, Exxon®, Mobil®, Tesoro®, USA Gasoline™ and Giant® brands.


We have another TNiA event at Cal Club on June 16th, which would make it a great date to hold the school. The site will be free once again, and we will have access to the area where we could hold the school. If we can get the supplies there (cones, timing system, so on), I feel confident we can get the volunteers and instructors to pull it off. I already have a few willing to step up, if I need them. I would be surprised if we don't sell the school out, too. The school is a great way to inject some fresh new members into the club, as well as a great package for your current members.
Volunteer to help setup course etc.
I am free that day, I am willing to help with all of those duties, though I am not a good choice to coach driving!
I have that Friday off so I should be able to help out with setup if needed. I'm also available to help coach at the event!
Took awhile for me to find this. I'm available to help out in any position you need as long as I don't have to run (with my legs). If you don't need my particular set of non-skills that's fine too.
I can help out on Saturday and Sunday.
Any more info for potential attendees of this school? (Costs, registration, etc).
I have a friend whom I've been trying to get to come out for a few months, now. Maybe he can finally make it... He'd be driving my Bolt, too; so I might either attend or at least shag cones.
Not sure if my first-timer friend would go for it at that price.
Eric Wong wrote: Any more info for potential attendees of this school? (Costs, registration, etc).
The school is essentially free when the tour entry, track night entry and Scca membership are considered.


The P&C insurance industry is a $500 billion market, spending over $6 billion in advertising each year, with the top 100 carriers accounting for 77% of net premiums written. With this amount of money on the line, insurers need to be sure they receive a solid return on their marketing investments and are not fueling opportunities for other carriers. With more forward-thinking distribution strategies, carriers can position themselves to capture greater customer wallet-share and better returns on their marketing investments.
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Insurers have already begun to move toward more flexible digital distribution models by participating in comparison and online marketplaces. Increasingly, insurers recognize that customers are making the online channel part of their purchasing process. Carriers also recognize that they need to be where those customers are. The next step in the digital evolution for insurers is to capitalize on the online channel with a distribution strategy that increases marketing ROI, expands wallet share, and builds customer loyalty.
To realize the most from dollars spent on marketing and digital distribution initiatives, download , a thought-provoking thought leadership piece from BOLT.


The project is a one year collaboration of photographer Chris Turner, animator Jess Deacon and paper sculptor extraordinaire Helen Friel. The book contains nine scenes that were animated using 1,000 photographic stills shot over the course of a year. From original idea to execution the three artists pooled their individual talents to bring the project to life.
"Revolution" was chosen as a winner for a PDN Photo Annual Award and was also selected for the Fantoche International Animation Film Festival, the Melbourne International Animation Festival, the New Zealand International Animation Festival and London International Animation Festival.


Is Maliki behind Iraq's sectarian divide?
Shia volunteers answer a call to arms after Sunni rebels take over Iraqi cities.
Large numbers of Shia volunteers are signing up to join security forces in Iraq, to take on Sunni rebel groups that have captured large areas north of Baghdad. It is giving the sectarian dimension to the ongoing turmoil an added edge.
Civilians are answering a call to arms from Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and Iraq's most senior Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani. It follows sweeping gains made by fighters from the al-Qaeda splinter group, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or ISIL, and other disaffected Sunnis.
Reporting from Baghdad, Al Jazeera's Imran Khan said the Association of Muslim Scholars had argued that "Sunni rebels are allowed to march on Baghdad and effect regime change in this country because of Nouri al-Maliki's sectarian policies."
Speaking in Washington DC on Friday, US President Barack Obama said: "Any action that we may take to provide assistance to Iraqi security forces has to be joined by a serious and sincere effort by Iraq's leaders to set aside sectarian differences."
So can the Iraqi prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, unite a fractured nation? Or are his sectarian policies at the heart of the unrest?
Guests: Lara Fatah - an Iraqi-Kurdish analyst.
Alaa Makki - an Iraqi member of parliament with the Wataniya Alliance.
Sabah al Mukhtar, president of the Arab Lawyers' Association, which has acted for the Iraqi government.
The capture of Mosul represents the failure of efforts to force three distinct communities to form a single state.


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Tytuł oryginału: Static analysis of prestressed floor slabs HC500 with changes in tendon adhesion to concrete induced by penetration of chloride ions.
Autorzy: Zofia Szweda, Radosław Jasiński.
Źródło: W: 3rd World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning Symposium (WMCAUS 2018), 18-22 June 2018, Prague, Czech Republic [online]. Bristol : Institute of Physics, 2019, (plik pdf) art. no. 052035 s. 1-11, bibliogr. 19 poz.
Autorzy: Tomasz Jaśniok, Barbara Słomka-Słupik, Adam** Zybura.
Źródło: -Cem. Wap. Beton 2014 R. 19 nr 3, s. 158-165, bibliogr. 10 poz.
Źródło: -Rocz. Inż. Bud. 2013 z. 13, s. 67-70, bibliogr. 5 poz.
Źródło: -Cem. Wap. Beton 2010 R. 15 nr 6, s. 333-339, bibliogr. 10 poz.
Autorzy: Adam** Hernas, M. Imosa, Bolesław** Formanek, J. Cizner.
Źródło: -J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2004 vol. 157/158, s. 348-353, bibliogr. 8 poz.


text:
Q: SQL Join doesn't match all elements I was solving this question: How can I randomly do a partial outer join in SQL At the end didnt work because can assign multiple times the same row.
But I have a behavior I can't explain where the query doesn't return the expected number of rows
SQL DEMO
WITH tableA as (
    SELECT T.id
    FROM ( VALUES (111), (222), (333), (444), (555) ) T(id)
), tableB as (
    SELECT *, row_number() over (order by note) as rn
    FROM ( VALUES ('a'), ('b'), ('c'), ('d'), ('e'),
                  ('f'), ('g'), ('h'), ('i'), ('j'),
                  ('k'), ('l'), ('m'), ('n'), ('o')
         ) T(note)
), parameter as (
    SELECT 3 as row_limit, (SELECT MAX(rn) FROM tableB) as max_limit
), Nums AS (
    SELECT n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [object_id])
    FROM sys.all_objects
), random_id as (
    SELECT tableA.*, T.n,  floor(p.max_limit * RAND(convert(varbinary, newid()))) + 1 magic_number
    FROM tableA
    CROSS JOIN parameter p
    CROSS JOIN (SELECT n
                FROM Nums
                CROSS JOIN parameter p
                WHERE n <= p.row_limit ) T
)
-- SELECT * FROM random_id
SELECT R.*, note
FROM random_id R
JOIN tableB
  ON R.magic_number = tableB.rn
ORDER BY id

*

*The setup: tableA 5 rows, tableB 15 rows. 3 random tableB rows for each row in tableA. So in total should return 3 * 5 = 15 rows

*I create a row_number() from 1 to 15 to match to the magic number

*Create the random_id cte to assing three random number to each row of tableA. Here you can see the 15 rows with a random number, also show the problem when assign same value twice
SELECT * FROM random_id;

*But the JOIN return a random number of rows. more and less than 15
SELECT R.*, note
FROM random_id R
JOIN tableB
  ON R.magic_number = tableB.rn
ORDER BY id

*But if I use LEFT JOIN instead always return 15 rows.
Question: If random_id cte always return 15 rows how JOIN return more rows, and how return less if all rn values are in the tableB.
And how LEFT JOIN always return 15 rows.
I just test another query where I include the n value and the JOIN

A: Unfortunately you would have to persist the rows that are using the magic_number to temporary table or other similar construct.
rextester demo here: http://rextester.com/ICS74177
Unfortunately persisting it to a temporary table does result in a loss of elegance of the answer you were attempting. I have run into the same situation in the past trying to do the same thing and encountered the same bug. It's both somewhat exciting and ultimately disappointing when you run into it for the first time, so congrats on that at least!
I can not explain it any better, so please upvote Paul White's answer  here: https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/30348/43889
Reference:

*

*bug with newid() and table expressions (ctes)

*newid() In Joined Virtual Table Causes Unintended Cross Apply Behavior - Answer by Paul White

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"The idea behind the SMaSH Off is that the entrants are simply to brew a smash beer, A smash beer is a way for any brewer to really get a feel (taste) for any base malt and any hop variety. It is also a very economical way to brew as it minimizes the cost of the batch. SMaSH brewing is an excellent way to learn about the flavors various malts and hops impart on a beer.
Keeping the basic as the backbone of the competition, over the years it has evolved with subtle changes in the rules trying to find the right format into which the future of the competition will manifest. There have been a few failures to say the least but now I think I have a formula that will work and give the entrants the best experience possible.
With all that being said the SMaSH Off is all about learning, getting a group of brewers to brew and getting the opportunity to learn about flavours without having to brew many SMaSH beers yourself. The competition side of it is a both fun and aslo an opportunity to get feedback on the beer you brew getting differences of opinion's not only on the beer you brew but the beers your tasting as well, seeing how your palate measures up to your peers.
The rules of the competition are simple and can be found on the UK SMASHOFF 19 facebook page, but in short it is a peer reviewed first round where your beers are scored, and the top 2 beers from each hub will advance to a final stage where independent judges will review and score the beers which will announce the winner. There are prizes available for the winner along with a newly added SMaSH Off winner trophy. As an additional stage to the SMaSH Off im introducing a "Beat the Pro" where a pro brewer enters a SMaSH beer and is pitted against the finalists where it will be judged by the same panel of judges and scored in the same fashion, it works like this, if the winner has a higher score than the Pro he will win an additional prize if not the Pro brewer with win it, not sure what that prize will be yet maybe a plaque stating "I Beat The Pro" or something like that.
Hopefully I have covered everything, im not much of an author so please forgive me if I made a hash of it. If you have any question or wish to enter please visit the facebook page for all the info.
Many thanks to The Malt Miller for its continued support over the past 4 years making a lot of this happen for me.


text:
Epoch Times op-ed: The unguarded Canada – US border
2 years ago Brad Johnson
NORTON, VT - MARCH 22: U.S. Border Patrol Agent Andrew Mayer walks onto a frozen lake during a patrol on the lake that is split between Canadian territory to the right and the U.S. March 22, 2006 near Norton, Vermont. As American politicians continue to debate immigration reform, Border Patrol agents work the northern border to prevent illegal entry. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)
U.S. Border Patrol Agent Andrew Mayer walks onto a frozen lake during a patrol on the lake that is split between Canadian territory to the right and the U.S., near Norton, Vermont, on March 22, 2006. Joe Raedle/Getty Images
The Unguarded U.S.-Canadian Border
March 12, 2020 Updated: March 12, 2020
Canada to our north occasionally becomes annoyed with us, sometimes for good reasons, sometimes not so much, usually over trade issues, but there hasn't been a need to defend the border for a long time.
Canada has always been a peaceful country with a pretty laid back population. A great place to go out for a beer.
Now, however, Canada has among its population thousands of radical Islamists and ex-ISIS fighters, which some experts have said could be a threat to the United States, as well as Canada.
Canada's immigration policy under Justin Trudeau's government was from January 2017 to November 2019 run by his Somali-born immigration minister, Ahmed Hussen. In November 2018, Hussen announced that the new target number of migrants would be 350,000 in 2019, increasing annually, with the aim of bringing in 1 million people over three years. This goal has been easily met—during a single quarter between July 1 and Oct. 1, 2019, there were 186,189 migrants brought in.
Canada has plans to resettle around 50,000 refugees and asylum seekers each year—many of them coming from the Middle East and Africa.
The entire population of Canada is almost 38 million, and this influx is a major change and significant to the future of Canada. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Canada.
As we have seen in many Western European countries, the Islamic migrants tend to live in enclaves, which grow with the steady flow of new arrivals. Certainly, grouping together is a normal human behavior as old as mankind building cities. However, in the Islamist communities you also see the growth of Sharia law, Sharia courts, neighborhood compliance patrols, etc. These have come to be known as "no go zones" and are found in countries such as France, Britain, Sweden, and Germany, as well as others.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (C) walks with Abdoulaye Diop (R), the Minister of Culture and Communication of Senegal, and Ahmed Hussen (L), Canadian Member of Parliament upon his arrival on Goree Island off the coast of Dakar on Feb. 12, 2020. (Seyllou/AFP via Getty Images)
The existence of these enclaves is obvious and out there for anyone to confirm. The controversy is over how much control the host governments exercise inside the no go zones. There's extensive documentation that in certain well-established no go zones, the host government doesn't exercise any sovereignty whatsoever. Naturally, the governments in question push back heavily on this issue. Who can blame them. If it's true, to admit they have completely lost control over sections of their country would be political suicide.
However, this political back and forth is largely a war of words and semantics. The simple truth is that there are enclaves—growing in number and size—fully dominated by the local Muslim population whether the host country police force patrols the neighborhood or not. Various of those enclaves have been used to recruit for terrorist groups and to stage terrorist attacks in Europe. The documentation, court convictions, and successful terrorist attacks all prove this point is unassailable when you limit the conversation to facts alone.
A clear-thinking terrorism expert in Canada, David Harris, has long warned that this is exactly what is happening in Canada today, particularly now as a result of the immigration policies implemented by Trudeau and Hussen.
Harris formerly worked for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CIA equivalent) and told CBN News, "Many years ago I suggested that many of the Islamist extremists might regard Canada as an aircraft carrier from which to maintain operations against the United States." Harris concluded that it was "only a matter of time" before Muslim extremists based in Canada launched a major attack on the United States.
Prime Minister Trudeau told The New York Times shortly after being elected, "There is no core identity, no mainstream in Canada." I personally would beg to differ. While only anecdotal, I've been to Canada many times, and in every case the people have been uniquely Canadian.
That said, Prime Minister Trudeau would also have been making the point that a lack of a core Canadian identity would be a desirable end state, and what better way to achieve that goal than to import a completely different culture that doesn't assimilate—particularly if that new culture would overwhelmingly vote for Trudeau well out into the future.
In 2017, the Canadian Parliament also passed a motion (M-103) that condemned Islamophobia and religious discrimination, although no other religions, such as Christianity, were mentioned. A poll showed that 71 percent of Canadians would not have voted for the motion, but it passed Parliament overwhelmingly because of Trudeau's Liberal government.
The motion required the government to condemn Islamophobia, but nowhere did it actually define what constitutes "Islamophobia." It also called for a study into how to combat Islamophobia and to contextualize hate crimes.
Fears were that it would quickly morph into something where if you criticize anything at all related to Islam, you're only doing it because you're a racist Islamophobe. Legislation might follow that would make it a criminal offense.
So far it hasn't. But the way Canada is headed, not only will it no longer be a nice place for a beer, it will be illegal to buy beer in Canada.
Brad Johnson is a retired CIA senior operations officer and a former chief of station. He is the president of Americans for Intelligence Reform.
Views expressed in this article are the opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
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1 thought on "Epoch Times op-ed: The unguarded Canada – US border"
michael garland says:
Trudeau is a useful idiot for the Chicoms and Marxists. Outside of that this clown just takes up space that could be better utilized by a potted plant.
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Young people in the South West are struggling in low-paid, insecure jobs as their older peers fare better, according to new TUC research showing a growing generational pay gap.
The wage gap between people under 30 in the region and over 30 has more than doubled in the last two decades – in 1998, the gap was just over 11 per cent, or £1.15 an hour in 2017 prices; this figure shot up to 25 per cent last year, or £3 an hour in 2017 prices.
Now, a person over 30 working full-time can expect to earn £6,240 each year more than a person under 30. In 1998, the pay premium for full-time workers over 30 was only £2,392 adjusted for today's prices.
"Young people are getting a raw deal at work," said TUC regional secretary for the South West Nigel Costley. "Too many are stuck in low-paid, insecure jobs, with little opportunity to get on in life.
"This is the most qualified group of workers ever. But huge numbers of hardworking young people are struggling to meet basic living costs – and many more can't afford a home of their own or are putting off having children.
Unite acting regional secretary for the South West Steve Preddy agreed. He said that he did not find the latest research surprising.
The figures published this week (August 21) are part of wider research the TUC has conducted on young people and work nationally.
Of the young people the TUC spoke to, about 1 in 4 people between the ages of 21 and 30 said they struggle to earn enough to meet their basic living costs. One in 5 said they skipped a main meal in the last year because of a shortage of money, while 1 in 3 young parents said they did.
Nearly half of the young people surveyed said they had to borrow money from friends or family to make ends meet, while about a quarter said they went without heating in the last year or were forced to sell or pawn something.
The vast majority – nearly 70 per cent – did not feel that their current job makes the most of their skills and abilities. This figure shoots up to 84 per cent for those in part-time jobs.
Preddy said sectoral collective bargaining – for all industries and all types of work – is an important solution to the plight of young people stuck in insecure work.
Unite assistant general secretary Steve Turner agreed.
"An outright ban on zero hour contracts, tighter laws to prevent bogus self-employment, the introduction of sectoral collective bargaining and a £10 minimum wage would go a long way to rebalancing the labour market," he said.


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Good evening, folks. Here's hoping each of you have had a wonderful weekend! We're putting the wraps on the weekend winter storm with freezing drizzle and some light snow falling in many areas. All of this is kicking off a monster second half of winter across much of the country.
Some areas of light snow and flurries may actually take us all the way through Monday in many areas. Low-level moisture is trapped and can spit out some more flakes or freezing drizzle.
Our next weather system moves in on Thursday and is mostly a cold rain maker for many. That will drag some cold air into the region behind it and that's going to impact the weekend winter storm potential. Winter weather lovers want that Thursday system to be stronger so it can tug down the cold air behind it. If you don't want winter weather, hope that's a super weak system.
Good afternoon, folks. Several inches of snow fell overnight and early this morning into parts of northern Kentucky and now comes one last round of light stuff. This may cause some slick spots to develop on area roads later tonight and early Monday.
From there, it's a pattern locked and loaded for an extreme looking setup for much of the country, including another big storm next weekend. I'll get that in a bit.
This isn't much in terms of snow, but it may combine with freezing drizzle to slicken up many roads, especially tonight when temps hit the 20s.
This pattern is how legends are made.
I will have another update this evening, so check back. Make it a good one and take care.
Good Sunday, folks. Our fickle winter storm is having another mood swing today, bringing another round of accumulating snow to parts of the region. While the north gets the most, a period of light snow later tonight could impact other parts of the state.
A few flakes are leftover on Monday with a seasonal chill taking us into the middle of the week. The next system moving in for Thursday and early Friday is a light rain maker, but it sets the stage for another monster of a storm system this weekend.
That system still has a long way to go before it shows us exactly what that means for our weather, but the early signs are for rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow to go along with a huge temperature drop.
This is a low forming along a modified arctic boundary sliding in from the northwest. How far south that arctic air gets before the low pops will be the deciding factor on what track the storm takes.
That's a heck of a look for a wild storm system in our region and may be one of several hefty systems to impact us over the next few weeks, at least.
That's the average of 21 different runs.
Remember, those are in Celsius and not Fahrenheit.
This pattern isn't going to mess around and could wind up to be a memorable one for much of the country.


Are you releasing a new album and have no idea how to cut above the noise of everyone else releasing music? Consider throwing a Listening Party! With tips on how to make it a great experience for everyone involved, you can definitely use this to your advantage.
Think Tank gives you tips on how to take advantage of all the opportunities that these new technology platforms are creating!
Which E-mail Marketing Services/Software is the best?
E-mail blasts are beneficial to bands trying to connect to their fanbase, but which service should you be using? Ventura Harbour gives you the breakdown on each service/software out there so you can choose the one that best fits your needs. Warning: some of the prices are in Great British Pounds, but all services should accept your form of currency!
Budgeting is the most important thing a band can do. It's the difference between frivolous spending and making the most out of the money you do have. Dave Cool, the Director of Artist Relations for Bandzoogle, gives you some tips on how to create a marketing budget to get your music out there!
Or, at least, one play. Forgetify.com is taking all of the unplayed songs on Spotify (about 2,000), and puts them in a list to get these forgotten songs a play. It allows you to share good songs, and skip the songs that don't deserve a play. Definitely something different!


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Thoburn, James Mills
< The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)
Thoburn, Isabella
The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 26
Thoburn, James Mills
Thoburn, Joseph
sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1920. See also James Mills Thoburn on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
2939506The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 26 — Thoburn, James Mills
 THOBURN, James Mills, American Methodist Episcopal bishop: b. Saint Clairsville, Ohio, 7 March 1836. He was graduated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., in 1857, and soon after entered the ministry. In 1859 he was sent as a missionary to India and until 1908, when he retired, was identified with work in that region. He was elected bishop of India and Malaysia in 1888 and was for six years the editor of the Indian Witness. His writings include 'Missionary Addresses' (1887); 'India and Malaysia' (1893): 'The Deaconess and Her Vocation' (1893); 'Christless Nations' (1895); 'The Church of Pentecost' (1901); 'Life of Isabella Thoburn' (1903) and 'The Christian Conquest of India.'
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Thoburn,_James_Mills&oldid=11764089"
Biographies of clerics
Biographies of missionaries
Biographies of writers
Biographies of people from the United States


text:
Acacia pseudofistula är en ärtväxtart som beskrevs av Hermann August Theodor Harms. Acacia pseudofistula ingår i släktet akacior, och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Akacior
pseudofistula


text:
How Augmented Reality can be used for the Development of Employee Skills
What Skills Do You Need to Be a Successful Life Coach?
The Importance of Structure in Education
How to Prepare Your Home for Selling
6 Skills You Need as an Early Educator
How to Pass a Multiple-Choice Exam
6 Skills You Need to Succeed in a Marketing Degree
What Affects Your Virtual Learning Experience?
Forging a Path to a High School Credential the Non-Conventional Way
6 Skills That Are Necessary for Grad School
How to Make Revision Easier
12 Skills Adults Would Benefit From Learning
Why Does Nursing School Accreditation Matter?
Important Life Skills and How to Develop Them Further
Learning Skills Every Student Needs for Success
Six Ways to Improve Your Test Taking Skills
Should a Teacher Be Strict or Friendly with Students?
What Is the Importance of Using a Plagiarism Checker to Check Your Thesis?
The Role and Importance of Numerical Skills Today
4 Learning Techniques That Are Perfect for Creative Minds
6 Great Skills to Demonstrate in Your University Application
A Student's Perspective on Online Learning
How to Apply Study Skills to Real Life Work
6 Steps to Save Your Semester After an Ugly Start
15 Practical Tips for Students Starting University
8 Ways to Embrace Technology-Based Learning Approaches
Revision Techniques for Auditory Learners
Tips to Master a Foreign Language
How Augmented Reality can be used
for the Development of Employee Skills
See also: Motivation Skills
There's no doubt that augmented reality (AR) represents huge business in the modern age, achieving a cumulative value of $6.16 billion in 2020.
What's more, the market's value is expected to increase to $8.86 billion by the end of this year, before peaking in excess of $21 billion by 2024.
In this article, we'll explore the concept of AR in closer detail, before asking how it may be used to help develop employee skills.
Getting Started - What Exactly is Augmented Reality?
Arguably, virtual reality (VR) is better known than AR, but while the former creates completely unique surroundings, the latter takes corporeal aspects from an existing environment and alters these accordingly.
To put this into further context, AR technology comprises an element split of 75% real and 25% virtual, whereas VR reverses this to create a recognisably different experience across multiple applications.
The use of real-world settings and elements in AR also means that this technology boasts a higher rate of adoption in the commercial world, particularly from the perspective of training and employee development.
What's more, this technology is also more accessible than virtual reality, as AR environments can be successfully created and made available through a smartphone (whereas VR settings can only be enjoyed using a dedicated headset device).
The reason for this is simple; as modern smartphones comprise all the components required to drive AR programs and environments, including a central processor, input devices and display sensors.
AR also presents itself as a real-time combination of the physical and virtual worlds as described above, while it also boasts an accurate, three-dimensional registration of these realms.
What are the Benefits of AR Training and Employee Development?
We've already touched on the viability and accessibility of AR from a commercial perspective, but how does this translate into actionable benefits for training and development?
We'll explore this further in the list below, with AR capable of teaching both hard and soft industry skills for a diverse array of different workspaces.
1. Driving Higher Levels of Engagement
Engagement remains a significant issue in the modern-day workplace, with this an omnipotent challenge in a developed world of abundance and wealth.
This problem is likely to have been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic too, with the latest research suggesting that just 36% of workers consider themselves to be actively engaged in their place of work.
The latest Gallup data also suggests that as much as 51% of the total workforce is actively disengaged in the workplace, highlighting the challenges facing employers in the modern age.
This challenge can particularly manifest itself through employee training, especially if businesses use staid and outdated methods of imparting information on staff members. This at least partially explains why video has become such a popular training channel in recent times, as it's well known that viewers retain up to 95% of the info included in an audio-visual message (compared with just 10% when processing text alone).
Make no mistake; however, AR is also being integrated to deliver even more engaging and effective training sessions, which deliver real-time and practical learning through physical devices in a structured and interactive setting.
There are a number of successful case studies in this respect, with welding offering a relevant case in point.
Through AR-training firms like Soldamatic, businesses can access flexible software and augmented training programs, which have been proven to reduce learning time by as much as 56%.
Similarly, Soldamatic claims that its augmented training delivers 34% more certified welders than traditional methods, while such programs are also thought to drive a 68% reduction in lab costs.
These statistics are eye-popping, and they certainly highlight how targeted and AR-inspired training can help with the delivery of hard industry skills.
2. Creating Higher Levels of Safety
If we extend the previous example of augmented trading in welding, it's also fair to say this type of technology helps to create improved levels of safety (especially across a range of industrial applications).
More specifically, Soldamatic's training programs are thought to have resulted in 84% less accidents amongst clients, which highlights just how important AR-training may be in inherently dangerous and industrial jobs.
It's also important to note that the training for this type of job is also noticeably dangerous, creating a pressing need for firms to develop safe and controlled programs that are effective and still fit for purpose.
The main reason for this is simple; AR enables new employees to practice everyday job tasks without the risk of injury or endangerment. What's more, employees don't have to be fearful or compromise on the quality of education on offer, which is a huge boon for employers looking to invest in staff development.
Interestingly, this can also help employees to overcome cognitive barriers more easily, whether these relate to fear, anxiety, or a failure to understand precisely how certain items of machinery work.
3. The Reduction of Training Costs
We've already touched on how AR training is inherently more accessible and affordable than the VR alternative, but how does it compare with traditional training and educational methods?
Well, although the initial cost of AR training equipment and implementation can be high (particularly when utilised across large training classes), we should note that such hardware is also reusable.
What's more, you may even be able to encourage staff members to use their own smartphones to access customised AR training programs, enabling you to dramatically reduce initial costs without compromising on the delivery of core learning materials.
Either way, the long-term cost of sourcing and maintaining AR technology and equipment certainly compares favourably with costly seminars and classes. Such learning vehicles will also command the same recurring cost every time you hold them, creating a significant outlay that can weigh heavily on smaller firms over time.
If we accept the logic that AR training may lead to improved information attention and fewer workplace accidents over time, it can be argued that this technology creates more productivity (and therefore valuable employees) while reducing the cost of compensation payouts in certain industries.
Lewis Humphries is a freelance copywriter at Contenting.
Continuous Professional Development (CPD)
8 Ways to Boost Employee Morale
5 Unorthodox Ways to Build Morale in the Office
How to Motivate Your Employees to be Safe


text:
search:
   keywords: ['NET', 'C#', 'ODatabase', 'batch', 'SqlBatch']
---

# OrientDB-NET - `SqlBatch()`

This method prepares a [`Batch`](../sql/SQL-batch.md) command.  The return value is an `OCommandQuery` object.

## Executing Batch Commands

OrientDB supports scripting arbitrary commands through a minimal SQL engine to batch commands together.  Using `SqlBatch()` command, you can execute these scripts from within your C#/.NET application.

### Syntax

```
OCommandQuery ODatabase.SqlBatch(string command)
```

- **`command`** Defines the command you want to execute.

### Example

For instance, say you have a business application that tracks accounts in different regions and sales persons assigned to that region.  Whenever someone joins the team, you need to update OrientDB to tell the application who they are and their assigned region.

```csharp
public AddToSales(ODatabase database, string name, string region)
{
   string query = string.Format("begin
      let region = select from Region where name = {0}
      let employee = create vertex Sales set name = '{1}'
      let e = create edge Assignment from $employee to $account
      commit retry 100
      return $e", region, name);

   return database.SqlBatch(query);
}
```


Social media, such as blogs, are often seen as democratic entities that allow more voices to be heard than the conventional mass or elite media. Some also feel that social media exhibits a balancing force against the arguably slanted elite media. A systematic comparison between social and mainstream media is necessary but challenging due to the scale and dynamic nature of modern communication. Here we propose empirical measures to quantify the extent and dynamics of social (blog) and mainstream (news) media bias. We focus on a particular form of bias---coverage quantity---as applied to stories about the 111th US Congress. We compare observed coverage of Members of Congress against a null model of unbiased coverage, testing for biases with respect to political party, popular front runners, regions of the country, and more. Our measures suggest distinct characteristics in news and blog media. A simple generative model, in agreement with data, reveals differences in the process of coverage selection between the two media.


Whether you are going camping or glamping there are always a lot of things that you will need to remember to take with you to be self-sufficient. Depending on the site that you go to there may be minimum accessories or equipment therefore ensuring you have all this prepared and in hand before you leave is important to ensure the success of your trip. Camping is generally not expensive to do and you there are recognized campsites everywhere, some people even use farmers fields (with their permission beforehand). Making sure you take everything you need beforehand requires some thought. Here are some of the items that you should consider for your trip.
If you are driving to your camping site then taking a bike for you and your family can prove an invaluable asset. A lot of camp sites are isolated and not near shops therefore taking a bike with you can help you commute. In addition to this, there may be some cycle tracks or awesome scenery nearby that could add a bit of excitement to your adventure. Clearly if taking a bicycle there are a few things you will need to remember. The first one is to ensure you have bike racks for your motor vehicle. These are not particularly expensive and can be purchased at many different retailers or online. The other items that are a must when cycling are your safety helmets and water bottles. You do not see many people now out cycling without the correct safety equipment. If you are not familiar with the terrain then it is even more important to protect yourself. Other things that you may wish to consider is weather proof clothing. Make sure that you understand what the weather forecast is likely to be so that you can plan for this eventuality.
If you are looking to cook for yourself on a campsite then you will likely require a stove. There are many different types of stove depending on what exactly you are looking to cook and the size you desire. Generally the most common type for these adventures is portable gas ones. There are many on the market that are relatively cheap for you to use. Remember to be safe with these types of equipment specifically when travelling as if you have a gas canister with you this is a flammable hazard. The gas that is provided with these types of cooking equipment is not significant so be sure to plan ahead if you are staying in the campsite for a longer period of time to ensure that you have enough to do you the duration of your stay.
It sounds very obvious but don't forget your tent. Nowadays you can buy tents the size of a small home with different rooms or you can go for a classic smaller two man tent. Whatever your choice remember that you will need to invest the time erecting this therefore don't go over the top as sometimes this can prove difficult.


text:
Home Technology Apple accused of censoring Quran app at request of Chinese government
Apple accused of censoring Quran app at request of Chinese government
Apple has removed a popular Quran app from its Chinese app store at the behest of state censors, according to the company behind the app.
Quran Majeed — a reader app for the Muslim sacred text with nearly one million users in China — was removed from Apple's Chinese app store at the request of the Cyberspace Administration of China, the app's developer told The Post on Friday.
It's unclear exactly why Chinese authorities allegedly asked Apple to remove the app, but the country's government is known to discriminate against Muslims. China has demolished mosques, imprisoned Uighur Muslims in detention camps and allegedly forced Muslim women to undergo abortions in what some of the country's critics say is a campaign of genocide.
Apple did not immediately reply to a request for comment on the app's removal, which was first reported by the BBC.
"Quran Majeed app was removed from the China app store," said Hasan Shafiq Ahmed, a spokesperson for the Pakistan-based developer behind the app, in an email to The Post. "Apple advised us to contact the Cyberspace Administration of China."
"We are trying to get in touch with [cyberspace administration] and relevant Chinese authorities to move forward so Quran Majeed app can be restored," he added.
The app has nearly one million users in China, according to its developer.
"We are trying to get in touch with [cyberspace administration] and relevant Chinese authorities to move forward so Quran Majeed app can be restored,"s aid Hasan Shafiq Ahmed, a spokesperson for the Pakistan-based developer behind the app.
The Cyberspace Administration of China did not immediately return a call from The Post requesting comment.
The Council on American–Islamic Relations, a Washington, DC-based civil rights group, accused Apple of enabling genocide and called on the company to reverse the decision.
"Apple is enabling China's religious persecution, including the ongoing genocide of Uyghur Muslims," said the group's national deputy director, Edward Ahmed Mitchell, in a statement. "If American corporations don't grow a spine and stand up to China right now, they risk spending the next century subservient to the whims of a fascist superpower."
This is not the first time Apple has been accused of bowing to the Chinese government's demands for censorship.
It's not the first time Apple has been accused of bowing to the Chinese government's demands for censorship.
Earlier this year, human rights researchers found that Apple bans Chinese customers from engraving phrases like "human rights," "freedom of the press" and references to the Dalai Lama and Tiananmen Square massacre on its devices.
And in 2019, Apple allegedly helped Hong Kong police suppress pro-democracy protesters by banning an app used to organize protests.
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